,?is file 0 produc$ f page images at ! ,int]net ,ar*ive4 ,transcrib]'s ,note ,?is book 0 transcrib$ f scans ( ! orig9al f\nd at ! ,int]net ,ar*ive4 ,,arts ,,& ,,sci5ces ,no4 #i ,home-made ,toy ,motors ,a ,practical ,h&book ,giv+ ,detail$ ,in/ructions = ,build+ ,simple b ,op]ative ,electric ,motors ,,by ,a4 ,p4 ,morgan ,,cole ,,morgan1 ,inc4 ,publi%]s ( ! ,arts & ,sci5ces ,s]ies ,p4 ,o4 ,,box #dgc ,,city ,,hall ,,/ation ,,new ,,york1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,copyright #aiai ,,by ,,cole ,,morgan1 ,inc4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,expla9+ ,,h[ ,,an ,,electric ,,motor ,,op]ates4 ,,"s ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,magnetism4 ,,! ,,diff]5ce ,,betwe5 ,a ,,%unt ,,& ,a ,,s]ies ,,motor4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444444 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,con/ruction ,,( ,,simple ,,toy ,,electric ,,motors4 4444444 ,,simplex ,,motor ,,) ,,?ree-,,pole ,,armature4 4444444444444444444444444 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,! ,,simplex ,,ov]type ,,motor4 4444444444444444444444444 ,,! ,,man*e/] ,,motor4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,a ,magnetic ,attraction ,motor4 ,a ,motor ,hav+ a ,lam9at$ ,field & ,armature ,frame4 ,h[ to ,make an ,exp]im5tal ,induction ,motor4 ,h[ to ,make an ,electric ,eng9e4 4444444444444444444444444444 ,a ,,magnetic ,,attraction ,,motor4 444444444444444444444444444444444444 ,,h[ ,,to ,,con/ruct ,a ,,motor ,,hav+ ,a ,,lam9at$ ,,armature ,,& ,,field ,,frame 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,an ,,exp]im5tal ,,induction ,,motor4 44444444444444444444 ,,h[ ,,to ,,build ,,an ,,electric ,,eng9e 444444444444444444444444444444444 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,small ,,p[] ,,motors 4444444444444444444444444444444444444 ,a ,,v]tical ,,p[] ,,motor 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44 ,,connections ,,= ,,! ,,?ree ,,pole ,,armature 4444444444444444444444444 ,,connections ,,= ,,! ,,six-,,pole ,,armature 444444444444444444444444444 ,a ,,horizontal ,,p[] ,,motor4 444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #a4--;,if a curr5t ( electricity is pass$ ?r\gh a wire1 ! wire w attract to itself iron fil+s4 4444444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #b4--;,if a wire c>ry+ a curr5t ( electricity is =m$ into a loop1 ! space enclos$ by ! loop w become magnetic4 ,! arr[s repres5t ! pa?s ( ! l9es ( magnetic =ce4 44444444 ,,fig4 #c4--;,by =m+ ! wire into sev]al loops or a spiral s t ! effect ( ! individual turns is conc5trat$ 9 a small space1 an ,electromagnet is made4 444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ,,fig #d--,! /r5g? ( an electromagnet is proportional to ! amp]e turns4 ,! magnet illu/rat$ above does n possess suffici5t turns to be v /rong4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44 ,,fig4 #e4--;,an increase 9 ! numb] ( turns ( wire has result$ 9 consid]able increase 9 ! magnetism & ?is magnet is able to lift a mu* great] weight ?an t %[n 9 ,figure #d4 44444444444 ,,fig4 #f4--,! ,pr9ciple ( ! ,electric ,motor4 4444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #g4--;,diagrams %[+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 a ,%unt & a ,s]ies ,motor4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #h4--;,details ( ! ,armature = ! ,simplex ,two-pole ,motor4 444 ,,fig4 #i4--,%[+ ! ,armature assembl$ on ! %aft ready = w9d+4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #aj4--;,a front view ( ! ,field ,frame4 4444444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #aa4--,! complet$ ,field ,frame1 ready = w9d+4 444444444444 ,,fig4 #ab4--,! ,be>+s4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444 ,,fig4 #ac4--,side view ( ! ,armature & ,commutator ,core assembl$ on ! ,%aft be=e w9d+4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4 ,,fig4 #ad4--,%[+ ! ,motor assembl$ on ! ,base s t all ! p>ts may be l9$ up be=e w9d+4 44444444444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #ae4--,! ,field ,frame ) ! ,w9d+ 9 position4 444444444444 ,,fig4 #af4--,! ,armature ,w9d+ be=e ! ,commutator is complet$4 4 ,,fig4 #ag4--,! complet$ ,armature %[+ h[ ! ,commutator is con/ruct$4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444 ,,fig4 #ah4--;,details ( ! ,commutator4 4444444444444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #ai4--,! complet$ ,motor4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #bj4--;,details ( ! ,?ree-pole ,armature4 4444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #ba4--,! ,?ree-pole ,armature assembl$ on ! %aft4 4444444444 ,,fig4 #bb4--,%[+ ! ,armature & ,%aft ) ! ,commutator ,core 9 position4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444 ,,fig4 #bc4--;,diagram %[+ h[ ! coils are connect$ toge!r s z to =m a cont9u\s w9d+4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #bd4--,! complet$ ,?ree-pole ,motor4 44444444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #be4--,! ,simplex ,ov]type ,motor4 4444444444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #bf4--;,details ( ! ,field ,frame = ! ,ov]type ,motor4 44444 ,,fig4 #bg4--,%[+ h[ ! ,field is ,w\nd4 44444444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #bh4--,! ,be>+s4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444 ,,fig4 #bh4--,! ,man*e/] ,motor4 444444444444444444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #cj4--;,details ( ! ,field ,frame4 444444444444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #ca4--;,details ( ! ,field ,p$e/al4 444444444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #cb4--,%[+ h[ ! ,field ,coils are ,w\nd4 4444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #cc4--;,details ( ! ,magnet ,bobb9s4 444444444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #cd4--,! complet$ ,electromagnets m\nt$ on ! ,yoke4 44444444 ,,fig4 #ce4--;,details ( ! ,armature ,%aft4 444444444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #cf4--;,details ( ! ,/&>d :i* =ms ! upp] be>+s4 44 ,,fig4 #cg4--,! ,brass ,contact4 444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #ch4--,! ,bru% :i* be>s aga9/ ! ,contact4 444444444444444 ,,fig4 #ci4--,! complet$ ,magnetic ,attraction ,motor4 44444444444444444 ,,fig4 #dj4--,! complet$ ,electric ,motor4 4444444444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #da4--;,details ( ! ,field ,frame4 444444444444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #db4--,! ,assembl$ ,field ready = ,w9d+4 4444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #dc4--;,details ( ! ,armature ,lam9ations4 444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #dd4--,! ,armature assembl$ on ! ,%aft ready to ,w9d4 4444444 ,,fig4 #de--,! ,commutator & ,me?od ( connect+ ! ,armature ,coils4 ,,fig4 #df4--,! ,be>+s4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444 ,,fig4 #dg4--;,bru% & ,support+ ,block4 444444444444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #dh4--;,a well kn[n ,?ree-pole ,batt]y ,motor4 4444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #di4--,%[+ h[ a ,?ree-pole ,motor may be provid$ ) ,/>t+ ,coils & connect$ to =m an ,exp]im5tal ,induction ,motor4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #ej4--,! complet$ ,eng9e4 444444444444444444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #ea4--,! ,base4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444 ,,fig4 #eb4--;,details %[+ ! size ( ! ,magnet ,bobb94 44444444444 ,,fig4 #ec4--,! ,frame :i* supports ! ,electromagnets4 4444444444444 ,,fig4 #ed4--,! ,ma9 ,be>+s4 444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #ee4--,! ,%aft4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444 ,,fig4 #ef4--,%[+ ! ,armature1 ,armature ,be>+ & ! ,connection ,rod4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #eg4--;,details ( ! ,bru%es & ,bru% ,hold]4 44444444444444444 ,,fig4 #eh4--,%[+ h[ a ,fly:eel may be made out ( %eet iron4 4444 ,,fig4 #ei4--;,a ,v]tical ,batt]y ,p[] ,motor4 44444444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #fj4--;,details ( ! ,field ,frame ( ! ,v]tical ,motor4 44444444 ,,fig4 #fa4--,?ree-pole ,armature4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #fb4--,six-pole ,armature4 444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #fc4--,%[+ h[ ! ,coils on a ,?ree-pole ,armature are connect$ to ! ,commutator4 44444444444444444444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #fd4--,%[+ h[ ! ,coils on a ,six-pole ,armature are arrang$ & connect$4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444444444444 ,,fig4 #fe4--;,details ( ! ,commutator4 4444444444444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #ff4--;,details ( ! ,be>+s1 ,%aft1 & ,pulley4 44444444444444 ,,fig4 #fg4--,! ,bru%es & ,bru% ,hold]4 4444444444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #fh4--;,details ( ! ,field ,frame = ! ,horizontal ,p[] ,motor4 ,,fig4 #fi4--;,front view ( ! ,field ,frame4 444444444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #gj4--,! ,field ,magnet ,bobb94 444444444444444444444444444444444 ,,fig4 #ga4--;,details ( ! ,%aft1 ,rock] ,arm1 ,be>+ & ,pulley4 4444 ,,fig4 #gb4--,re> view ( ! complet$ ,horizontal ,motor4 4444444444444 ,,fig4 #gc4--,side view ( ! ,horizontal ,motor4 44444444444444444444444 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,expla9+ ,,h[ ,,an ,,electric ,,motor ,,op]ates4 ,,"s ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,magnetism4 ,,! ,,diff]5ce ,,betwe5 ,a ,,%unt ,,& ,a ,,s]ies ,,motor4 99,an ,electric ,motor99 is a device = trans=m+ electricity into me*anical p[]4 ,a g5]ator1 or dynamo1 is con/ruct$ 9 almo/ ! same id5tical mann] z a motor b its purpose is j ! opposite4 ,a dynamo trans=ms 99me*anical p[] into electricity994 ,a dynamo produces electric curr5t1 b a motor 99consumes99 x4 ,"s ma*9es c be us$ ei!r z a motor or dynamo--n all h[ev]4 ,( c\rse mo/ exp]im5t]s h 9 all probability se5 _m electric motors1 b x is m ?an likely t ! exact op]ation is n ?or\ghly und]/ood4 ,"h is y\r *ance to le>n4 ,! little motors describ$ 9 ?is book c ea* be made 9 two or ?ree h\rs out ( a few scraps ( %eet iron1 magnet wire & screws4 ,! co/ ( ! necess>y mat]ials is practically negligible4 ,"o ( ! ma9 advantages ( ^! little motors is t !y illu/rate ! actual pr9ciples t are us$ 9 ! l>ge motors1 su* z are employ$ ev]y:]e = practicable p[] purposes4 ,! iron p>ts may be made out ( %eet iron or ! ord9>y s-call$ t9 us$ 9 cocoa cans1 etc4 ,?9 t9 c be cut ) an ord9>y pair ( %e>s4 ,%eet iron su* z is us$ 9 mak+ /ovepipes1 etc41 is an excell5t mat]ial to use 9 mak+ ^! little motors4 ,%eet iron is usually heavi] ?an t9 & w h to be cut ) a pair ( snips4 ,great] skill w also !n be requir$ 9 b5d+ ! p>ts4 ,x is wor? :ile not+ h[ev]1 t ! extra difficulty involv$ 9 us+ ! heavi] mat]ial is wor? ! tr\ble because x makes possible a m p[]ful & effici5t motor4 ,! fir/ & easie/ type ( motor to make is ! ,simplex4 99,! ,pr9ciple on :i* an ,electric ,motor ,op]ates99 is really v simple4 ,if a curr5t ( electricity is pass$ ?r\gh a copp] wire1 ! wire w attract to itself iron fil+s1 etc41 z long z ! curr5t cont9ues to fl[4 ,z soon z ! curr5t is %ut (f1 ! fil+s drop away because ! magnetism imm$iately disappe>s ) ! cessation ( ! curr5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--;,if a curr5t ( electricity is pass$ ?r\gh a wire1 ! wire w attract to itself iron fil+s4 ,if a wire1 c>ry+ a curr5t ( electricity is =m$ into a loop1 ! entire space enclos$ by ! loop w possess ! prop]ties ( a magnet4 ,by =m+ ! wire into sev]al loops or a spiral ! comb9$ effect ( all ! individual turns is conc5trat$ 9 a small space & a mu* m p[]ful field is produc$4 ,if ! coil is provid$ ) an iron core1 ! magnetism is mu* m conc5trat$ & w ex]cise a v p[]ful attractive effect ^u any neighbor+ masses ( iron or /eel4 ,su* a coil is call$ an electromagnet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4--;,if a wire c>ry+ a curr5t ( electricity is =m$ into a loop1 ! space enclos$ by ! loop w become magnetic4 ,! arr[s repres5t ! pa?s ( ! l9es ( magnetic =ce4 ,electromagnets play a v important "p 9 ! con/ruction ( electric motors4 ,! /r5g? ( an electro magnetic coil is proportional to its amp]e turns4 ,! numb] ( amp]e turns 9 a coil is obta9$ by multiply+ ! numb] ( amp]es fl[+ ?r\gh ! coil by ! numb] ( turns ( wire compos+ x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4--;,by =m+ ! wire into sev]al loops or a spiral s t ! effect ( ! individual turns is conc5trat$ 9 a small space1 an ,electromagnet is made4 ,y c easily see ! effect ( turns ( wire on an electromagnet by w9d+ two or ?ree turns ( wire ar\nd a nail & connect+ x to a batt]y4 ,^! two or ?ree turns w probably create en\gh magnetism to enable ! nail to lift up "o or two ord9>y c>pet tacks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig #d--,! /r5g? ( an electromagnet is proportional to ! amp]e turns4 ,! magnet illu/rat$ above does n possess suffici5t turns to be v /rong4 ,!n increase ! numb] ( turns to =ty or fifty & note t ! magnetism ( ! nail has increas$ greatly & t x n[ possesses p[] to pick up a l>g] numb] ( tacks at a "t4 ,f ?is "o may be l$ to believe t ! m turns ( wire an electromagnet possesses1 ! /rong] x w be1 & :ile to a c]ta9 ext5t ?is is true1 x %\ld be rememb]$ t x is n simply 99turns99 t c\nt b 99amp]e turns99 & if ! numb] ( turns ( wire is increas$ beyond a c]ta9 po9t ! resi/ance ( ! coil to ! electric curr5t w become s great t ! curr5t 9 amp]es fl[+ ?r\gh ! coil is greatly r$uc$ & consequ5tly also ! magnetism is decreas$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4--;,an increase 9 ! numb] ( turns ( wire has result$ 9 consid]able increase 9 ! magnetism & ?is magnet is able to lift a mu* great] weight ?an t %[n 9 ,figure #d4 ,x w be f\nd t ! magnetism ( an electromagnet is /ronge/ at ! ends4 ,^! places are call$ ! poles4 ,if y br+ "o pole ( a small electromagnet1 =m$ by w9d+ a nail ) a few turns ( wire1 ne> a compass ne$le1 y w f9d t x w attract "o end ( ! compass ne$le & repel ! o!r4 ,! end ( ! compass ne$le :i* po9ts ,nor? is call$ a 99,nor?99 pole4 ,! ends ( ! electromagnet :i* attracts ! ,nor? pole ( ! compass ne$le is a 99,s\?99 pole4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important laws ( magnetism is t l poles repel ea* o!r & unlike poles attract ea* o!r4 ,a ,nor? & a ,s\? pole !re=e t5d to pull t[>d ea* o!r1 :]eas two ,nor? poles or two ,s\? poles repel "o ano!r4 ,figure #f illu/rates ! pr9ciple ( an electric motor4 ,x consi/s ( a b> ( iron m>k$ ,a call$ ! 99,armature99 & w\nd ) a coil ( wire call$ ! armature w9d+4 ,! armature is ! "p ( ! motor :i* revolves4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4--,! ,pr9ciple ( ! ,electric ,motor4 ,ea* end ( ! armature w9d+ is connect$ to "o half ( a brass r+ call$ ! commutator & m>k$ ,c1 ,c1 9 ! illu/ration4 ,! two halves ( ! commutator are insulat$ f ea* o!r & are m\nt$ on ! armature %aft s t !y revolve toge!r ) ! armature4 ,! armature revolves betwe5 ! ends ( a horse%oe %ap$ piece ( iron call$ ! field4 ,! field is also w\nd ) a coil ( wire call$ ! 99field w9d+99 or sometimes ! field coil4 ,! armature & ! field are bo? electromagnets4 ,two /rips ( copp]1 ,b1 ,b1 be> aga9/ ! commutator4 ,^! are ! 99bru%es991 & _! purpose is to lead ! curr5t to ! armature coil4 ,"o bru% is connect$ to "o end ( ! field coil4 ,! o!r end ( ! field coil & ! o!r bru% are connect$ to a s\rce ( electric curr5t4 ,z soon z ! curr5t is turn$ on1 ! armature & ! field bo? become magnets4 ,! ,nor? pole ( ! field attracts ! ,s\? pole ( ! armature & vice-v]sa4 ,! armature />ts to move s t ! poles w come opposite b z ! commutator moves ar\nd & is turn$ ov]1 ! curr5t fl[s ?r\gh ! armature coil 9 ! opposite direction4 ,?is rev]ses ! magnetism ( ! armature & t :i* 0 ! ,s\? pole become ! ,nor? pole & vice-v]sa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4--;,diagrams %[+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 a ,%unt & a ,s]ies ,motor4 ,! armature poles w !re=e h to move #ahj degrees 9 ord] t ! ,s\? pole may come opposite ! ,nor? pole ( ! field4 ,be=e x gets !re1 h[ev]1 ! commutator w h turn$ ov] aga91 rev]s+ ! curr5t 9 ! armature & mak+ x necess>y to cont9ue its j\rney aga94 ,?is process keeps up & s ! armature revolves always try+ to seek a new position :i* x is prev5t$ f rema9+ at by ! action ( ! commutator4 ,motors are said to be s]ies or %unt w\nd dep5d+ on :e!r all ! curr5t fl[+ ?r\gh ! armature also passes ?r\gh ! field or :e!r x divides betwe5 ! two z %[n 9 ,figure #g4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,con/ruction ,,( ,,simple ,,toy ,,electric ,,motors4 ,! ,simplex ,motor is an int]e/+ little toy :i* c be made 9 a c\ple ( h\rs1 & :5 f9i%$ x w make an in/ructive model4 ,z a motor itself1 x is n v effici5t1 = ! am\nt ( iron us$ 9 its con/ruction is necess>ily small4 ,! advantage ( ?is p>ticul> type ( motor & ! me?od ( mak+ x is t x demon/rates ! actual pr9ciple & ! me?od ( application t is us$ 9 l>g] ma*9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4--;,details ( ! ,armature = ! ,simplex ,two-pole ,motor4 ,! field ( ! motor is ( ! type kn[n z ! simplex :ile ! armature is ! ,siem5's ,h or two-pole type4 ,! field & ! armature are cut f ord9>y t9-plat$ iron1 su* z is us$ 9 ! manufacture ( t9 cans & crack] boxes4 ,! simple/ me?od ( secur+ good flat mat]ial is to get "s old scrap f a plumb+ %op4 ,an old cocoa t9 or bak+-p[d] c may1 h[ev]1 be cut up & flatt5$ & w !n s]ve ! purpose almo/ z well4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4--,%[+ ! ,armature assembl$ on ! %aft ready = w9d+4 99,! ,armature99--,two /rips ( t91 "o-half ( an in* by "o & "o-half in*es1 are cut to =m ! armature4 ,!y are slightly long] ?an w actually be necess>y1 b are cut to l5g? aft] ! b5d+ op]ations are f9i%$4 ,m>k a l9e c>efully across ! c5t] ( ea* /rip4 ,!n tak+ c>e to keep ! %ape symmetrical s t bo? pieces are exactly alike1 b5d !m into ! %ape %[n 9 ,figure #h4 ,! small b5d 9 ! c5t] is mo/ easily made by b5d+ ! /rip ov] a knitt+-ne$le & !n b5d+ x back to ! requir$ ext5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4--;,a front view ( ! ,field ,frame4 ,a piece ( knitt+-ne$le "o & sev5-eigh?s in*es long is requir$ = ! %aft4 ,b9d ! two halves ( ! armature toge!r 9 ! position %[n 9 ,figure #i4 ,b9d !m tempor>ily ) a piece ( iron wire & sold] !m toge!r4 ,! wire %\ld be remov$ aft] !y are sold]$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4--,! complet$ ,field ,frame1 ready = w9d+4 99,! ,field ,magnet99 is made by fir/ cutt+ out a /rip ( t9 five-eigh?s ( an in* wide by five in*es long & !n b5d+ x into ! %ape %[n 9 ,figure #aa4 ,! easie/ way ( do+ ?is ) ! mo/ accuracy is to cut out a piece ( wood z a =m1 & !n b5d ! t9 ov] ! =m4 ,! dim5sions %[n 9 ,figure #aj %\ld be us$ z a guide :5 mak+ ! =m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4--,! ,be>+s4 ,two small holes %\ld be bor$ 9 ! feet ( ! field magnet to receive ,no4 #h wood screws1 ! purpose ( :i* is to fa/5 ! field to ! base4 99,! ,be>+s99 are %[n 9 detail 9 ,figure #ab4 ,!y are easily made by cutt+ f %eet t94 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to make ! be>+s accurately s t ! armature w be 9 ! prop] position :5 ! motor is assembl$4 ,two small wa%]s1 s]v+ z coll>s1 %\ld be sold]$ to ! %aft z %[n 9 ,figure #ac4 99,! ,commutator ,core99 is =m$ by cutt+ a /rip ( pap] ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* wide & ab\t five in*es long4 ,x %\ld be giv5 a coat ( %ellac on "o side & all[$ to dry until x gets /icky4 ,! /rip is !n wrapp$ ar\nd ! %aft until its diamet] is ?ree-sixte5?s ( an in*4 ,! /icky %ellac %\ld be suffici5t to hold ! pap] tightly 9 position :5 dry4 99,! ,base99 is cut f any ord9>y piece ( wood & is 9 ! =m ( a block ab\t two & "o-half by "o & sev5-eigh?s by "o-half in*es ?ick4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4--,side view ( ! ,armature & ,commutator ,core assembl$ on ! ,%aft be=e w9d+4 99,assembl+ ! ,motor99--,! p>ts mu/ be c>efully prep>$ = w9d+ by cov]+ ) pap]4 ,cut a /rip ( pap] five-eigh?s ( an in* wide & "o & ?ree-eigh?s in*es long & give x a coat ( %ellac on "o side4 ,z soon z x becomes /icky1 wrap x ar\nd "o ( ! two upp] v]tical p>ts ( ! field magnet z indicat$ 9 ,figure #aa4 ,bo? sides ( ! field %\ld be insulat$ ) pap] 9 ?is mann]4 ,! armature is insulat$ 9 exactly ! same way1 tak+ c>e t ! pap] cov]s ! entire flat portion4 ,! field & armature are n[ ready = w9d+4 ,x is necess>y to take prop] precautions to prev5t ! fir/ turn f slipp+ out ( place4 ,! field %\ld be w\nd fir/4 ,?is is accompli%$ by loop+ a small piece ( tape or cord ov] x at ! po9t indicat$ by ,a 9 ,figure #ae4 ,! next two turns are !n tak5 ov] ! ends ( ! loop s z to emb$ !m4 ,w9d on ?ree lay]s ( wire on "o side & !n run ! wire across to ! o!r side & w9d on ?ree lay]s !re4 ,! ?ird lay] ( wire 9 ! second coil %\ld end at ,b4 ,x %\ld be fa/5$ into position by a loop ( /r+ s t x w n unw9d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4--,%[+ ! ,motor assembl$ on ! ,base s t all ! p>ts may be l9$ up be=e w9d+4 ,?is me?od divides ! field w9d+ into two p>ts1 bo? ( :i* are connect$ toge!r4 ,! outside lay] ( ! fir/ coil is connect$ to ! inside lay] ( ! second coil4 ,! two coils really =m "o cont9u\s w9d+ divid$ into two p>ts4 ,aft] ! w9d+ is f9i%$1 give x a coat ( %ellac4 ,! w9d+ ( ! armature is some:at m difficult4 ,! wire us$ = w9d+ bo? ! armature & ! field %\ld be ,no4 #be or ,no4 #bf ,b4 ,s4 ,gauge d\ble cotton-cov]$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4--,! ,field ,frame ) ! ,w9d+ 9 position4 ,9 ord] to w9d ! armature1 cut (f ab\t sev5 feet ( wire & d\ble x back to f9d ! c5t]4 ,!n place ! wire diagonally across ! c5t] ( ! armature s t !re is an equal l5g? on bo? sides4 ,place a piece ( pap] "u ! wire at ! cross+ po9t to insulate x4 ,!n1 us+ "o end ( ! wire1 w9d f\r lay]s on half ( ! armature4 ,tie ! end d[n ) a piece ( ?read & w9d on ! o!r half4 ,! ends ( ! wire are cut & scrap$ to =m ! commutator segm5ts4 ,figure #ag %[s h[ ?is is done4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4--,! ,armature ,w9d+ be=e ! ,commutator is complet$4 ,b5d ! wires z %[n s t !y w fit closely to ! pap] core4 ,b9d !m tightly into position ) "s silk ?read4 ,use c>e s t ! two wires d n t\* ea* o!r4 ,cut ! free ends ( ! wire (f close to ! core4 ,:5 f9i%$1 ! relative positions ( ! armature & ! commutator %\ld be z %[n 9 ,figure #ag4 ,figure #ad %[s h[ ! motor is assembl$4 ,! w9d+s are n %[n = ! sake ( cle>ness4 ,! armature %\ld be exactly 9 ! c5t] ( ! field4 ,! be>+ holes %\ld be 9 ! correct position & %\ld p]mit ! armature to revolve freely4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4--,! complet$ ,armature %[+ h[ ! ,commutator is con/ruct$4 ,! armature %\ld n scrape aga9/ ! field at any po9t1 b %\ld cle> x by ab\t "o-sixte5? ( an in*4 ,! bru%es are made by flatt5+ a piece ( wire by a few light hamm] bl[s4 ,! bru%es are fa/5$ "u a small clamp =m$ by a /rip ( t9 held d[n at ea* end ) a wood screw4 ,!y c be adju/$ to ! be/ advantage only "u actual work+ conditions :5 ! curr5t is pass+ ?r\gh ! motor4 ,"o or two dry cells %\ld be suffici5t to op]ate ! motor4 ,! complet$ motor is %[n 9 ,figure #ai4 ,"o end ( ! w9d+ is connect$ to "o ( ! bru%es4 ,! o!r bru% & ! o!r end ( ! field =m ! t]m9als to :i* ! batt]y is connect$4 ,! motor1 be+ ( ! two-pole armature type1 mu/ be />t$ :5 ! curr5t is turn$ on1 by giv+ x a twi/ ) ! f+]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4--;,details ( ! ,commutator4 ,put a drop ( oil on ! be>+s1 make sure t ! bru%es be> firmly b n tightly aga9/ ! commutator1 connect ! batt]y & y\r motor is ready to run4 ,x w sp9 at a high rate ( spe$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4--,! complet$ ,motor4 ,,simplex ,,motor ,,) ,,?ree-,,pole ,,armature4 ,! =m ( ,simplex motor :i* has j be5 describ$ has only "o drawback :i* prev5ts x f be+ a fir/ class motor 9 e respect1 namely1 ! armature has only two poles & ! motor is !re=e n self-/>t+1 b mu/ be giv5 a twi/ ) ! f+]s 9 ord] to />t x rotat+4 ,a ,two-pole armature is ! easie/ = ! "y exp]im5t] to make & t is ! reason t x has be5 describ$ fir/4 ,all l>ge p[] motors are provid$ ) armatures hav+ a l>ge numb] ( poles s z to be self-/>t+ & to give z /eady a pull z possible4 99,! ,armature99--,! me?od ( mak+ a ?ree-pole armature is practically ! same z t ( mak+ "o hav+ only two poles4 ,?ree /rips ( t91 "o-half an in* by "o & "o-half in*es are necess>y4 ,!y are purposely made a little long] ?an is actually requir$ 9 ord] to =m ! armature & are cut to l5g? aft] ! f9i% ( ! b5d+ op]ations4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4--;,details ( ! ,?ree-pole ,armature4 ,m>k a l9e c>efully across ! c5t] ( ea* /rip4 ,!n b5d !m into ! %ape %[n 9 ,figure #bj1 tak+ c>e to keep ! %ape symmetrical s t all ?ree pieces are exactly alike4 ,! b5d 9 ! c5t] :i* mu/ fit ov] ! %aft is mo/ easily made by b5d+ ! /rips ov] a knitt+-ne$le & !n b5d+ !m back ! requir$ am\nt4 99,! ,%aft99 is =m$ by a piece ( knitt+-ne$le1 "o & sev5-eigh?s ( an in* long4 ,assemble ! ?ree pieces1 =m+ ! armature1 on ! %aft z %[n 9 ,figure #ba4 ,b9d !m tempor>ily toge!r ) a piece ( iron wire & !n sold] !m along ! edges4 ,! iron wire %\ld be remov$ aft] !y are sold]$4 99,! ,commutator ,core99 is =m$ by cutt+ a /rip ( pap]1 ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* wide & ab\t five in*es long4 ,x %\ld be giv5 a coat ( %ellac on "o side & all[$ to dry until x becomes /icky4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4--,! ,?ree-pole ,armature assembl$ on ! %aft4 ,! /rip is !n wrapp$ ar\nd ! %aft until its diamet] is ?ree-sixte5?s ( an in*4 ,! /icky %ellac %\ld be suffici5t to hold ! pap] tightly 9 position :5 dry & to =m a h>d1 firm core4 ,! illu/ration 9 ,figure #bb %[s ! position ( ! core on ! %aft 9 relation to ! re/ ( ! armature4 99,! ,w9d+ ( ! ,armature99 may seem some:at m difficult at fir/ ?an 0 ! case ) ! two-pole armature1 b x is really v easy4 ,! wire us$ = ?is purpose %\ld be ,no4 #be or ,no4 #bf ,b4 ,s4 ,gauge1 d\ble cotton-cov]$4 ,s+le cotton-cov]$ wire = ?is purpose is liable to give tr\ble on acc\nt ( %ort circuits4 ,9 ord] to w9d ! armature1 cut ?ree pieces ( wire ab\t ?ree & "o-half feet long4 ,wrap a /rip ( pap] ar\nd ea* section ( ! armature s t ! %>p edges ( ! t9 w n cut ?r\gh ! insulation on ! wire & !n w9d f\r lay]s ( wire on ea* section ( ! armature4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4--,%[+ ! ,armature & ,%aft ) ! ,commutator ,core 9 position4 ,ea* section %\ld be w\nd 9 ! same direction z ! o!rs4 ,! ends ( ! wires %\ld be scrap$ free f insulation & connect$ toge!r z foll[s3 ,connect ! outside end ( "o section to ! inside end ( ! next section4 ,we w presume t ! ?ree sections ( ! armature are lett]$ ,a1 ,b1 & ,c4 ,connect ! outside end ( ,a to ! inside ( ,b2 ! outside ( ,b to ! inside end ( ,c & ! outside ( ,c to ! inside ( ,a4 ,^? portions ( ! wire =m+ ! connections betwe5 ! ?ree sections1 are us$ to =m ! commutator segm5ts1 9 ! same mann] z ! ends ( ! wires 9 ! case ( ! two-pole armature1 only 9 ?is in/ance !re are ?ree sections to ! armature4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4--;,diagram %[+ h[ ! coils are connect$ toge!r s z to =m a cont9u\s w9d+4 ,b5d ! wires s t !y w fit closely to ! pap] core & b9d !m tightly into position ) "s silk ?read4 ,a section ( ! commutator %\ld come opposite ! space betwe5 ea* section ( ! armature4 99,! ,field ,magnet99 is exactly l t us$ 9 mak+ ! ,simplex motor ) ! two-pole armature4 ,x is made by fir/ cutt+ out a /rip ( t9 five-eigh?s ( an in* wide by five in*es long & !n b5d+ x into ! %ape %[n 9 ,figures #aj & #aa4 ,! easie/ way ( do+ ?is ) reasonable accuracy is to cut out a piece ( wood = a =m & !n b5d ! t9 ov] ! =m4 ,two small holes %\ld be bor$ 9 ! feet ( ! field magnet s z to enable ! field to be fa/5$ to ! base4 ,! field is w\nd ) ! same size ( wire us$ on ! armature4 ,! w9d+ is />t$ by loop+ a small piece ( tape or cord ov] ! frame at ! po9t indicat$ by ,a 9 ,figure #ae4 ,! next two turns are !n w\nd ov] ! ends ( ! loop s z to hold !m d[n4 ,w9d on ?ree lay]s ( wire on "o side & !n run ! wire across to ! o!r side & w9d on ?ree lay]s !re4 ,! ?ird lay] ( wire 9 ! second coil %\ld end at ,b4 ,x %\ld be fa/5$ 9 position by a loop ( /r+ s t x w n unw9d4 ,?is me?od divides ! field w9d+ into two p>ts1 bo? ( :i* are connect$ toge!r4 ,! outside lay] ( ! fir/ coil is connect$ to ! inside lay] ( ! second coil4 ,! two coils really =m "o cont9u\s w9d+ divid$ into two p>ts4 ,! illu/ration 9 ,figure #bc %\ld make ?is cle>4 ,aft] ! w9d+ is f9i%$1 give x a coat ( %ellac4 99,! ,be>+s99 are %[n 9 detail 9 ,figure #ab4 ,!y are easily made4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to make ! be>+s v accurate s t ! armature w be 9 ! prop] position :5 ! motor is assembl$4 ,two small wa%]s1 s]v+ z coll>s to be> aga9/ ! inside ( ! be>+s & keep ! armature 9 ! field %\ld be sold]$ to ! %aft z %[n 9 ,figure #ac4 99,! ,base99 is cut f any ord9>y piece ( wood & %\ld be 9 ! =m ( a rectangul> block ab\t two & "o-half in*es by "o & sev5-eigh?s in*es wide1 & "o-half in* ?ick4 ,! complet$ motor is %[n 9 ,figure #bd4 ,be sure t ! armature does n scrape aga9/ ! field at any po9t b cle>s x by ab\t "o-sixte5? ( an in* all ar\nd4 ,! bru%es are fa/5$ "u a small clamp made f a /rip ( t9 held d[n at ea* end by a small wood screw4 ,! bru%es are made by flatt5+ ! end ( a piece ( copp] wire ) a few light hamm] bl[s4 ,! bru%es c be be/ adju/$ "u actual work+ conditions :5 ! curr5t is pass+ ?r\gh ! motor4 ,"o end ( ! field w9d+ is connect$ to ! bru% m>k$ ,c1 9 ,figure #bd4 ,! o!r bru%1 ,a & ! o!r end ( ! field w9d+1 ,b1 =m ! t]m9als to :i* ! batt]y is connect$4 ,?is =ms :at is kn[n z a s]ies connect$ motor1 because ! armature & ! field are 9 s]ies & ! curr5t mu/ pass f "o to ! o!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4--,! complet$ ,?ree-pole ,motor4 ,aft] y h f9i%$ assembl+ ! motor1 put a drop ( oil on ! be>+s1 make c]ta9 t ! bru%es are prop]ly adju/$1 connect ! batt]y1 & y\r motor is ready to run4 ,"o or two dry cells %\ld furni% suffici5t curr5t to run ! motor at high spe$4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,! ,,simplex ,,ov]type ,,motor4 ,! me?od ( con/ruction :i* has be5 outl9$ 9 mak+ ! two ,simplex motors1 j describ$1 also l5ds itself to ! con/ruction ( _m o!r simple & int]e/+ =ms ( motors4 ,figure #be %[s a =m ( motor :i* is ess5tially ! same z t %[n 9 ,figure #bd except t ! field has be5 turn$ upside d[n & ! armature is at ! top ( ! motor in/ead ( ! bottom4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4--,! ,simplex ,ov]type ,motor4 ,! detail$ dim5sions ( ! field are %[n 9 ,figure #bf4 ,x is made by cutt+ out a4 /rip ( t9 five-eigh?s ( an in* wide & five in*es long4 ,?is /rip is !n b5t into ! %ape %[n 9 ,figures #bf & #bg4 ,?is =m ( field is really v simil> to t %[n 9 ,figure #ae except t ! two feet are omitt$ & x has be5 turn$ upside d[n4 ,! me?od ( mak+ ft is ! same4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4--;,details ( ! ,field ,frame = ! ,ov]type ,motor4 ,! field %\ld be w\nd ) ei!r ,no4 #be or ,no4 #bf ,b4 ,s4 ,gauge d\ble cotton-cov]$ wire4 ,x %\ld be c>efully prep>$ = w9d+ by a /rip ( %ellac$ pap] ar\nd ea* ( ! two /raight p>ts ( ! field magnet :]e ! w9d+ is to be plac$4 ,!n proce$ ) ! w9d+ 9 exactly ! same mann] z 9 ! case ( ! field %[n 9 ,figure #ae4 ,! armature us$ is ( ! ! ?ree-pole type & is exactly ! same z t %[n 9 ,figures #bj1 #ba & #bb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4--,%[+ h[ ! ,field is ,w\nd4 ,! be>+s w h to be made mu* high] on acc\nt ( ! armature be+ high] ?an ! base4 ,! details ( ! be>+s are %[n 9 ,figure #bh4 ,!y are cut out ( %eet t94 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to make !m accurately s t ! armature w be 9 ! prop] position :5 ! motor is assembl$4 ,! base is a block ( wood two & "o-half in*es long1 "o & sev5-eigh?s ( an in* wide & "o-half in* ?ick4 ,! field is fa/5$ to ! base by f\r small wood screws4 ,! exact me?od ( assembl+ ! motor is probably be/ und]/ood by /udy+ ! illu/ration 9 ,figure #be4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4--,! ,be>+s4 ,,! ,,man*e/] ,,motor4 ,^? read]s :o h made ! motors already describ$1 are no d\bt anxi\s to proce$ ) ! con/ruction ( "s models :i* be> a great] resemblance to ! l>ge motors commonly employ$ to furni% p[]4 ,figure #bi %[s a motor ( ! ,man*e/] type4 99,! ,field99 ( ?is ma*9e is made f a /rip ( heavy %eet t91 "o-half in* wide & ab\t six in*es long1 b5t to %ape & jo9$ 9 ! c5t] ( ! bottom pole piece1 j above ! p$e/al4 ,x is be/ to cut ! /rip a little long & !n r$uce x to ! exact l5g? requir$ aft] ! b5d+ op]ations h be5 f9i%$4 ,! illu/ration 9 ,figure #cj %[s ! details & dim5sions ( ! field4 ,! field %\ld be b5t into %ape ) ! aid ( a pair ( pli]s & a wood5 =m1 9 ! same mann] employ$ 9 mak+ ! motors already describ$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4--,! ,man*e/] ,motor4 ,! field frame is support$ by a p$e/al4 ,! p$e/al is =m$ by ano!r /rip1 "o-half in* wide1 sold]$ to ! field at "r angles1 und]nea? ! jo9t 9 ! l[] pole piece4 ,! p$e/al %\ld be firmly sold]$ to ! field1 c>e be+ tak5 to see t ! sold] runs well into ! jo9ts4 ,!n b5d ! ends ( ! p$e/al d[n to =m two feet z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,! feet %\ld be b5t s z to br+ ! c5t] ( ! armature tunnel five-eigh?s ( an in* above ! base4 ,two small holes %\ld be bor$ 9 ! p$e/al1 at ea* side1 s t ! motor c be screw$ fa/ to a wood5 base4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4--;,details ( ! ,field ,frame4 99,w9d+ ! ,field99--,x w be necess>y to proce$ ) ! w9d+ ( ?is motor 9 a slightly diff]5t mann] f t foll[$ 9 mak+ ! o!r motors4 ,! wire _c be w\nd on z easily z be=e & x w be necess>y to w9d ! requir$ l5g? ( wire onto a small spool or bobb91 :i* c be pass$ ?r\gh ! field4 ,d\ble cotton-cov]$ wire is ! be/ = ! purpose4 ,ei!r ,no4 #be or ,no4 #bf ,b4 ,s4 ,gauge may be us$4 ,a /rip ( pap] %\ld be wrapp$ ar\nd ! field frame at all po9ts :]e ! wire is liable to t\*1 s z to gu>d ! insulation aga9/ possible abrasion4 ,figure #cb %[s ! me?od :i* %\ld be foll[$ 9 w9d+ ! coils4 ,bo? p>ts ( ! w9d+ %\ld be />t$ at ! bottom ( ! field & w\nd 9 ! direction indicat$4 ,b & ,d are ! />t+ ends ,w9d on ?ree lay]s ( wire 9 ea* coil4 ,! t]m9als1 ,b & ,c1 %\ld be connect$ toge!r aft] ! w9d+ is f9i%$4 99,! ,armature99--,! me?od ( mak+ ! armature is exactly ! same z t :i* has already be5 describ$4 ,?ree /rips ( t91 "o-half in* wide & "o & "o-half in*es long are requir$4 ,!y are purposely made slightly long] ?an is actually necess>y & are cut to l5g? aft] ! f9i% ( ! b5d+ op]ations4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4--;,details ( ! ,field ,p$e/al4 ,m>k a l9e c>efully across ! c5t] ( ea* ( ! ?ree /rips & !n b5d !m into ! %ape %[n 9 ,figure #bj1 mak+ c]ta9 to keep ! %ape symmetrical s t all ?ree1 pieces are exactly alike4 ,! b5d 9 ! c5t] ( ea* /rip %\ld fit nicely ov] ! %aft4 ,?is result is mo/ easily rea*$ by b5d+ ! /rips ov] a knitt+-ne$le & !n b5d+ !m back ! requir$ am\nt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4--,%[+ h[ ! ,field ,coils are ,w\nd4 99,! ,%aft99 is a piece ( knitt+-ne$le "o & sev5-eigh?s ( an in* long4 ,assemble ! ?ree /rips on ! %aft z %[n 9 ,figure #ba & b9d !m tempor>ily toge!r ) a piece ( iron wire4 ,!n sold] ! edges toge!r & remove ! wire4 99,! ,commutator ,core99 is =m$ ( a /rip ( pap]1 ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* wide & ab\t five in*es long1 wrapp$ ar\nd ! %aft until ! diamet] ( ! small cyl9d] ?us =m$ is ?ree-sixte5?s ( an in*4 ,! pap] /rip %\ld be giv5 a coat ( %ellac on "o side & all[$ to dry until x becomes /icky be=e x is wrapp$ ar\nd ! %aft4 ,! /icky %ellac %\ld be suffici5t to hold ! pap] tightly 9 position :5 dry & to =m a h>d1 firm core :5 dry4 99,! ,w9d+ ( ! ,armature99 is n difficult4 ,! size ( ! wire us$ %\ld be ,no4 #be or ,no4 #bf ,b4 ,s4 ,gauge1 d\ble cotton-cov]$4 ,wrap a /rip ( pap] ar\nd ea* section ( ! armature s t ! wire w be protect$ f any %>p edges on ! t9 :i* might cut ?r\gh ! insulation4 ,w9d f\r lay]s ( wire on ea* section ( ! armature4 ,ea* section %\ld be w\nd 9 ! same direction z ! o!rs4 ,! t]m9als ( ! wires %\ld be scrap$ clean & connect$ toge!r 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,connect ! outside end ( "o section to ! inside end ( ! next section4 ,we w presume t ! ?ree sections ( ! armature are lett]$ ,a1 ,b & ,c4 ,connect ! outside end ( ,a to ! inside ( ,b2 ! outside ( ,b to ! inside end ( ,c & ! outside end ( ,g to ! inside ( ,a4 ,! portion ( ! wires =m+ ! connections betwe5 ! ?ree armature coils are us$ to =m ! ?ree sections ( ! commutator4 ,b5d ! wires s t !y w fit closely to ! pap] core & b9d !m tightly into position ) silk ?read4 99,two ,be>+s99 are requir$ to support ! armature4 ,!y are cut out ( %eet iron or brass & are %[n 9 detail 9 ,figure #ab4 ,extra c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ 9 mak+ ! be>+s to insure _! accuracy s t ! armature w be 9 ! prop] position :5 ! motor is assembl$ & run freely4 ,two small wa%]s or wire r+s1 to s]ve z coll>s & keep ! armature 9 ! c5t] ( ! field1 %\ld be sold]$ to ! %aft z %[n 9 ,figure #bb4 99,! ,base99 is a squ>e block ( wood1 two & "o-half in*es wide1 two & "o-half in*es long & ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* ?ick4 ,! complet$ ,man*e/] motor is %[n 9 ,figure #bi4 ,! bru%es are made by flatt5+ ! ends ( two pieces ( copp] wire4 ,ea* bru% is fa/5$ "u a small clamp made f a /rip ( t9 held d[n at ea* end by a small r\nd-head$ wood screw4 ,be sure t ! armature is exactly 9 ! c5t] ( ! field1 does n scrape at any po9t & turns p]fectly freely4 ,! armature & ! field w9d+s %\ld be connect$ 9 s]ies4 ,! t]m9als ( ! field m>k$ ,b 9 ,figure #cb %\ld be connect$ to ! bru% clamp m>k$ ,c 9 ,figure #bi4 ,! t]m9al ( ! field m>k$ ,c 9 ,figure #cb =ms "o t]m9al ( ! motor4 ,! o!r is ! bru% clamp ,a4 ,oil ! be>+s ( ! motor1 adju/ ! bru%es & x w be ready to run4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,a ,magnetic ,attraction ,motor4 ,a ,motor ,hav+ a ,lam9at$ ,field & ,armature ,frame4 ,h[ to ,make an ,exp]im5tal ,induction ,motor4 ,h[ to ,make an ,electric ,eng9e4 ,a ,,magnetic ,,attraction ,,motor4 ,?is motor diff]s f ^? :i* h already be5 describ$1 9 t no wire is w\nd on ! armature4 99,! ,field ,coils99 consi/ ( two electro-magnets w\nd ^u iron cores "o & "o-eigh? in*es long & five-sixte5?s in*es 9 diamet]4 ,ea* core is fitt$ ) two fibre heads1 "o-sixte5? ( an in* ?ick & sev5-eigh?s ( an in* 9 diamet] s z to =m a bobb9 z %[n 9 ,figure #cc4 ,! bobb9s are w\nd ) ,no4 #bb ,b4 ,s4 ,gauge s+le cotton-cov]$ magnet wire4 ,! magnets are connect$ 9 s]ies s t ! curr5t fl[s ?r\gh !m 9 opposite directions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4--;,details ( ! ,magnet ,bobb9s4 99,! ,armature99 is a /rip ( s(t iron "o & ?ree-qu>t]s in*es long1 ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* wide & ?ree ?irty-seconds ?ick4 ,a "o-eigh? in* hole bor$ ?r\gh ! c5t] ( ! armature & ! latt] =c$ ^u a %aft "o & sev5-eigh?s in*es long4 ,! l[] end ( ! %aft is po9t$ & re/s 9 a small hole 9 ! magnet yoke1 half way betwe5 ! two coils4 ,! magnet-yoke is a /rip ( s(t ,iron or /eel two & "o-half in*es long1 sev5-eigh?s in*es wide & "o-eigh? ( an in* ?ick4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4--,! complet$ ,electromagnets m\nt$ on ! ,yoke4 ,! magnets are m\nt$ on a wood5 base1 five in*es long1 ?ree in*es wide & ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* ?ick1 by means ( two #h-cb ma*9e screws :i* pass upw>d f ! bottom ( ! base into ! bottom ( ! magnets4 ,! yoke is plac$ "u !' magnets1 betwe5 !m & ! base4 ,! screws pass ?r\gh two holes1 "o & "o-eigh? in*es ap>t4 ,! armature is support$ 9 position ov] ! electromagnets by means ( a /&>d b5t out ( a /rip ( %eet brass4 ,! details ( ! /&>d are %[n 9 ,figure #cf4 ,! /&>d is fa/5$ to ! base by means ( two small wood screws4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce4--;,details ( ! ,armature ,%aft4 ,! armature %\ld j cle> ! top ( ! electromagnets :5 ! l[] end ( ! %aft is re/+ 9 ! socket 9 ! yoke4 ,! %aft %\ld be p]fectly v]tical & revolve freely )\t friction4 ,! l[] end ( ! %aft c>ries a small brass contact :i* is =c$ into position4 ,! exact %ape & dim5sions ( ?is contact are %[n 9 ,figure #cg4 ,! holes ?r\gh ! c5t] %\ld be slightly small] ?an ! diamet] ( ! %aft1 s t :5 ! contact is =c$ into position x w rema9 secure & n move4 99,! ,bru%99 :i* be>s aga9/ ! contact is illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #ch4 ,?is is cut out ( spr+ copp] or brass & made accord+ to ! %ape & dim5sions %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,! bru% is fa/5$ to ! base by means ( a r\nd-head$ brass wood screw4 ,! prop] me?od ( assembl+ ! motor & its appe>ance :5 f9i%$ are be/ und]/ood f ! illu/ration 9 ,figure #ci4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf4--;,details ( ! ,/&>d :i* =ms ! upp] be>+s4 99,! ,b9d+ ,po/s99 consi/ ( ma*9e screws provid$ ) hexagonal nuts & ?umb screws1 su* z t suppli$ on dry batt]ies4 ,"o b9d+ po/ passes ?r\gh ! end ( ! bru% & connects ) x4 ,! o!r b9d+ po/ is m\nt$ at ! left h& =w>d corn] ( ! base4 ,"o t]m9al ( ! electromagnets leads to ?is b9d+ po/4 ,! o!r t]m9al is plac$ "u ! head ( "o ( ! screws :i* hold ! /&>d to ! base4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg4--,! ,brass ,contact4 ,! contact & ! bru% w h to be mo/ c>efully adju/$ be=e ! motor w run4 ,! tip ( ! contact %\ld make contact ) ! bru% j be=e ! armature />ts to sw+ ov] ! electromagnets & break ! circuit j z ! armature is actually ov]4 ,! exact position w h to be f\nd by a little exp]im5t+4 ,x is v necess>y t ! bru% %\ld be s adju/$ t x only t\*es ! ends ( ! contact z x sw+s ar\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch4--,! ,bru% :i* be>s aga9/ ! ,contact4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci4--,! complet$ ,magnetic ,attraction ,motor4 ,! op]ation ( ! motor is v simple4 ,:5 a batt]y is connect$ to ! b9d+ po/s ! circuit is n complete s t ! coils are magnetiz$ & c attract ! armature until ! contact t\*es ! bru%4 ,:5 ! contact & ! bru% t\*1 h[ev]1 ! circuit is complet$ & ! armature w be drawn t[>d ! electromagnets4 ,z soon z x rea*es a position ov] ! ends ( ! cores1 ! circuit %\ld be brok5 s t ! mom5tum w c>ry ! armature pa/ & ar\nd into su* position t ! opposite end ( ! contact t\*es ! bru% & ! op]ation is repeat$4 ,a magnetic attraction motor ( ?is type w usually h to be />t$ by giv+ ! %aft a twi/ ) ! f+]s4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,con/ruct ,a ,,motor ,,hav+ ,a ,,lam9at$ ,,armature ,,& ,,field ,,frame ,x is an easy matt] to make a /rong electric motor suitable to op]ate on batt]ies by ! ex]cise ( a little c>eful workman%ip4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj4--,! complet$ ,electric ,motor4 ,! field frame & armature ( ! motor %[n 9 ,figure #dj are lam9at$1 t is1 built up ( sep>ate %eets ( iron4 ,!y may be made out ( %eet t9 or ord9>y /ove pipe iron4 ,! *eape/ & simple/ me?od ( secur+ good flat mat]ial is to get "s old scrap f a t9n]'s or plumb+ %op4 99,! ,details ( ! ,field99 are %[n 9 ,figure #da4 ,! exact %ape & dim5sions c be und]/ood by ref]5ce to ! illu/ration4 ,lay out "o lam9ation v c>efully z a patt]n4 ,cut x out & smoo? up ! edges1 mak+ c]ta9 t x is p]fectly true to size & %ape4 ,!n use x z a template to lay out ! o!r lam9ations by plac+ x on ! metal & scrib+ a l9e ar\nd ! edges ) a %>p po9t$ ne$le4 ,en\gh lam9ations %\ld be cut out to make a pile five-eigh?s ( an in* high :5 tightly press$ toge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4--;,details ( ! ,field ,frame4 99,! ,armature99 is made 9 exactly ! same mann] z ! field frame1 t is1 by cutt+ out a patt]n accord+ to ! %ape & dim5sions %[n 9 ,figure #dc & us+ x z a template to lay out ! o!r lam9ations4 ,en\gh %\ld be cut to make a pile five-eigh?s ( an in* high :5 tightly squeez$ toge!r4 ,! armature is "o & ?ree-sixte5?s in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! hole 9 ! field frame :i* accommodates ! armature is "o in* & "o-qu>t] 9 diamet] s t !re is a space 9 betwe5 = ! armature to revolve 94 ,! hole ?r\gh ! c5t] = ! %aft %\ld be ( su* diamet] t ! lam9ations w =ce v tightly on a %aft "o-eigh? ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,! lam9ations %\ld be v c>efully flatt5$ & !n =c$ ov] ! /eel %aft :i* is two & "o-eigh? in*es long4 ,clean up all ! r\gh edges ) a file & smoo? ! outside s t x w revolve prop]ly 9 ! field )\t scrap+4 ,figure #dd illu/rates ! armature assembl$ on ! %aft & ready to be w\nd4 99,! ,armature ,w9d+s99 consi/ ( f\r lay]s ( ,no4 #bb ,b4 ,s4 ,gauge d\ble cotton cov]$ magnet wire w\nd ar\nd ea* leg4 ,! iron %\ld be v c>efully insulat$ ) %ellac$ pap] be=e ! wire is put 9 position s t !re w n be any dang] ( %ort circuit due to ! %>p edges ( ! metal cutt+ ?r\gh ! insulation4 ,ea* leg %\ld conta9 ! same numb] ( turns ( wire & all %\ld be w\nd 9 ! same direction4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4--,! ,assembl$ ,field ready = ,w9d+4 99,! ,commutator99 is illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #de4 ,x consi/s ( a piece ( brass tub+ sev5-sixte5?s ( an in* long1 five-sixte5?s inside & ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* outside4 ,x %\ld be =c$ onto a piece ( fibre five-sixte5?s ( an in* 9 diamet] & sev5-sixte5?s ( an in* long4 ,split ! tube1 into ?ree equal p>ts by divid+ x longitud9ally ) a hacksaw4 ,make a fibre r+ :i* w =ce onto ! tube v tightly :5 x is 9 position on ! fibre core & s hold ! ?ree commutator sections firmly 9 position4 ,! sections %\ld be arrang$ s t !re is a small space betwe5 ea* two & !y are p]fectly insulat$ f ea* o!r4 ,! fibre core %\ld h a "o-eigh? in* hole ?r\gh ! c5t] s t x may be =c$ tightly onto ! %aft & up aga9/ ! armature aft] ! w9d+s are 9 position4 ,! commutator %\ld be 9 su* a position t ! split betwe5 ea* two sections comes directly opposite ! c5tre ( ea* w9d+4 ,suppose t ! w9d+s are lett]$ ,a1 ,b1 & ,c1 ! commutator section betwe5 ,a & ,b is numb]$ #a1 t betwe5 ,a & ,c is ,no4 #b1 & ! "o betwe5 ,c & ,b is ,no4 #c4 ,!n ! inside t]m9al ( ,b is connect$ to ! outside t]m9al ( ,a & sold]$ to ! end ( commutator section ,no4 #a close to ! w9d+4 ,! inside end ( ,b is connect$ to ! outside t]m9al ( ,c & to commutator section ,no4 #b4 ,! inside end ( w9d+ ,c is connect$ to ! outside ( ,b & to commutator section ,no4 #c4 ,! connection ( ! armature w9d+s to ! commutator are repres5t$ by ! diagram 9 ,figure #de4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc4--;,details ( ! ,armature ,lam9ations4 99,! ,field ,w9d+99 consi/s ( five lay]s ( ,no4 #ah ,b4 ,s4 d\ble cotton cov]$ wire4 ,a mu* neat] job may be made ( ?is "p ( ! "w if two fibre heads are cut to slip ov] ! field & support ! ends ( ! w9d+ z %[n 9 ! illu/ration 9 ,figure #dj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd4--,! ,armature assembl$ on ! ,%aft ready to ,w9d4 99,! ,be>+s99 are illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #df4 ,!y are made out ( ?ree-eigh?s in* brass /rip "o-sixte5? ( an in* ?ick by b5d+ & drill+ z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,! location ( ! holes is be/ und]/ood f ! draw+4 ,! l>g] be>+ is assembl$ on ! field at ! side t[>ds ! commutator4 ,assembl+ ! motor is a comp>atively easy matt] if x is done prop]ly & c>efully4 ,! be>+s are m\nt$ on ! field frame by screws pass+ ?r\gh ! holes ,b & ,b into a nut on ! outside ( ! be>+ at ! opposite side ( ! field4 ,! armature %\ld revolve freely )\t b9d+ & )\t any dang] ( scrap+ aga9/ ! field4 ,slip "s small fibre wa%]s ov] ! ends ( ! %aft betwe5 ! armature & ! be>+s s z to take up all end play4 99,! ,bru%es99 are made ( spr+ copp] accord+ to ! %ape & dim5sions %[n 9 ,figure #dg4 ,!y c be cut out ) a pair ( snips4 ,ea* bru% is m\nt$ on a small fibre block support$ on ! l>ge motor be>+4 ,! holes m>k$ ,a & ,c 9 ! illu/ration %\ld be ?read$ ) a #d-cf tap4 ,! hole ,b %\ld be made "o-eigh? ( an in* 9 diamet] & drill$ all ! way ?r\gh ! block4 ,! holes1 ,a & ,c are us$ to fa/5 ! blocks to ! be>+4 ,! bru%es are fa/5$ to ! blocks by means ( a #f-cb screw ) a nut on ! l[] end4 99,! ,base99 is a rectangul> block1 ?ree in*es wide1 ?ree & "o-half in*es long & ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* ?ick4 ,! motor is fa/5$ to ! base by f\r small "r angl$ brackets b5t out ( /rip brass & secur$ to ! field frame by two ma*9e screws pass+ ?r\gh ! holes1 ,h & ,h1 into a nut at ! opposite end4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de--,! ,commutator & ,me?od ( connect+ ! ,armature ,coils4 ,"o t]m9al ( ! field w9d+ is connect$ to a b9d+ po/ m\nt$ on ! base4 ,! o!r t]m9al ( ! field is connect$ to ! "r h& bru%4 ,! end ( ! wire %\ld be plac$ "u ! head ( ! screw :i* holds ! bru% to ! fibre block4 ,! bru% %\ld be on ! "u side ( ! block s t x be>s aga9/ ! "u side ( ! commutator4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df4--,! ,be>+s4 ,! left h& bru% be>s aga9/ ! upp] side ( ! commutator & is connect$ to a second b9d+ po/ on ! base ( ! motor4 ,?is makes x a s]ies motor1 t is1 ! armature & ! field are connect$ 9 s]ies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg4--;,bru% & ,support+ ,block4 ,! motor is n[ ready to run4 ,put a drop ( oil on ea* be>+ & make c]ta9 t ! curv$ portion ( ! bru%es be> firmly aga9/ ! c5tre ( ! commutator on opposite sides4 ,! armature hav+ ?ree poles1 %\ld />t )\t assi/ance & run at high spe$ z soon z ! curr5t-is appli$4 ,two cells ( dry or o!r batt]y %\ld be suffici5t4 ,! motor may be fitt$ ) a small pulley s t its p[] may be utiliz$ = driv+ small models4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,an ,,exp]im5tal ,,induction ,,motor4 ,a motor hav+ a ?ree-pole armature w run on alt]nat+ curr5t z well z on direct curr5t & c be op]at$ on ! #aaj volt ,a4 ,c4 curr5t 9 s]ies ) a suitable resi/ance4 ,! av]age exp]im5t] is probably aw>e ( ?is b did y "k t x c also be op]at$ on alt]nat+ curr5t z an 99induction motor99 & t x w !n run 99)\t bru%es99 & )\t curr5t be+ l$ into ! armature8 ,9 ord] to make an induction motor out ( an ord9>y ?ree-pole batt]y motor su* z t %[n 9 ,figure #dh x is m]ely necess>y to remove ! bru%es & b9d a piece ( b>e copp] wire ar\nd ! commutator s t x %ort circuits ! segm5ts4 ,! alt]nat+ curr5t %\ld be l$ into ! field coil4 ,a /ep d[n trans=m] w prove v useful = produc+ a l[ voltage alt]nat+ curr5t :i* may be connect$ directly to ! field coil4 ,if a trans=m] is n available1 ! #aaj v4 alt]nat+ curr5t c be us$1 provid$ t a prop] resi/ance su* z a lamp bank1 be plac$ 9 s]ies ) ! motor4 ,if ! curr5t is turn$ on & ! armature is !n spe$$ up by giv+ x a c\ple ( %>p twi/s1 or w9d+ a /r+ ar\nd ! %aft & !n pull+ x z "o w\ld sp9 a top1 ! motor w cont9ue to revolve at a good rate ( spe$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh4--;,a well kn[n ,?ree-pole ,batt]y ,motor4 ,x may prove easi] to />t ! motor if ! armature is spe$$ up be=e ! curr5t is turn$ on4 ,z soon z a good spe$ is rea*$1 turn on ! curr5t & ! armature %\ld cont9ue to run4 ,comm]cial induction motors are self />t+1 & are provid$ ) a holl[ armature1 :i* conta9s a c5trifugal gov]nor4 ,:5 ! motor is at re/ or />t+1 f\r bru%es press aga9/ ! commutator & divide ! armature coils into f\r gr\ps4 ,aft] ! motor has atta9$ ! prop] spe$ ! gov]nor is ?r[n out by c5trifugal =ce & pu%es ! bru%es away f ! commutator4 ,at ! same "t a metal r+ is press$ aga9/ ! int]ior ( ! commutator1 %ort circuit+ all ! sections & mak+ ea* coil a complete circuit ( itself4 ,x w\ld be v difficult to provide a small ?ree-pole toy motor ) su* a gov]nor & %ort-circuit+ device 9 ord] to make x self-/>t+4 ,x is h[ev] possible to accompli% ?is 9 ano!r way1 by a v simple device4 ,?is consi/s 9 provid+ ! armature ) ano!r set ( coils = use 9 />t+ only4 ,! bru%es are all[$ to rema9 on ! motor b are only us$ = />t+4 ,! leads ( ! armature w9d+ are remov$ f ! commutator & are all connect$ toge!r4 ,!n two or ?ree lay]s ( wire are w\nd ov] ! coils to =m new coils :i* are simil> to ! old ones b small]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di4--,%[+ h[ a ,?ree-pole ,motor may be provid$ ) ,/>t+ ,coils & connect$ to =m an ,exp]im5tal ,induction ,motor4 ,^! new coils are connect$ to ! commutator 9 ! same way z ! old ones 7 be=e be+ remov$1 j z if ! motor 0 to be us$ 9 ! ord9>y mann]4 ,a two-po9t swit* w be necess>y 9 ord] to complete ! arrangem5ts4 ,! connections %\ld be made z 9 ,figure #di4 ,! swit* %\ld be ?r[n to ! "r1 on contact ,a1 = />t+ s t ! curr5t fl[s ?r\gh ! field & ?r\gh ! extra coils on ! armature 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,z soon z ! motor has rea*$ its spe$1 ?r[ ! swit* to ! left s t ! curr5t fl[s ?r\gh ! field only & ! motor w cont9ue to run by induction4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,build ,,an ,,electric ,,eng9e ,an electric eng9e is really a =m ( electric motor b diff]s f ! mo/ common =m ( ! latt] 9 t ! armature1 in/ead ( revolv+1 oscillates back & =?1 l ! pi/on ( a /eam or gasol9e eng9e4 ,electric eng9es are n z effici5t z electric motors f ! /&po9t ( ! am\nt ( p[] deliv]$ 9 proportion to ! curr5t us$1 b !y make v int]e/+ models & ! "y exp]im5t] w d]ive fully z mu* pleasure 9 con/ruct+ "o z f ! con/ruction ( an electric motor4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej4--,! complet$ ,eng9e4 ,v>i\s =ms ( electric eng9es 7 made be=e ! fir/ practical electric motor 0 inv5t$4 ,!y am\nt$ to little m ?an curiosities h[ev]1 & c\ld only be us$ :]e ! exp5se ( electric curr5t 0 n to be reg>d$4 ,! eng9e illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #ej is ( ! d\ble action type4 ,x is provid$ ) two electromagnets arrang$ s t "o pulls ! armature =w>d & ! o!r pulls x back4 ,! motion ( ! armature is transmitt$ to ! %aft by means ( a connect+ rod & crank4 ,x is v simple to build & ! design is su* t x w op]ate equally well :e!r x is made l>ge or small4 ,if y d n happ5 to h all ! necess>y mat]ials to build an eng9e accord+ to ! dim5sions %[n 9 ! draw+s1 y c make x j "o-half t size1 & x w "w equally well al?\gh x w1 ( c\rse1 n give z mu* p[]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ea4--,! ,base4 ,! complete eng9e is %[n 9 ,figure #ej4 ,all ! v>i\s p>ts h be5 m>k$ s t y c easily id5tify !m 9 ! o!r draw+s4 ,x is well to /udy ?is illu/ration c>efully s t y w und]/& j h[ all ! p>ts are arrang$4 99,! ,base99 is illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #ea4 ,x is made ( a piece ( h>dwood1 sev5 in*es long1 ?ree & "o-half in*es wide1 & "o-half an in* ?ick4 99,! ,electromagnets99 w l>gely det]m9e ! dim5sions ( ! re/ ( ! eng9e4 ,! magnets %[n 9 ,figure #eb are made ( ?ree-eigh?s in* r\nd iron two & "o-half in*es long1 provid$ ) two fibre wa%]s "o & "o-eigh?s in*es 9 diamet]4 ,on end ( ea* ( ! /eel cores is drill$ & tapp$ to receiv$ an #h-cb screw4 ,! exp]im5t] may possibly be able to secure "s old magnet cores fitt$ ) fibre heads f an old telephone bell or r+] z !y are sometimes call$4 ,a suitable bolt may be made to s]ve ! purpose by cutt+ x (f to ! "r dim5sions ) a hack saw4 ,if a drill & tap are n available = drill+ & tapp+ ! end s t ! core c be prop]ly m\nt$ 9 ! frame ( ! eng9e1 x is possible1 to use ! ?read$ portion ( a bolt to good advantage1 by ! ex]cise ( a little +5uity4 ,! hole 9 ! frame %\ld !n be made l>g] s t ! end ( ! bolt w slip ?r\gh1 in/ead ( an #h-cb screw & ! core clamp$ 9 position by a nut on ea* side4 ,! fibre wa%]s are spac$ two & "o-sixte5? in*es ap>t4 ,! space 9 betwe5 %\ld be w\nd full ( ,no4 #ah ,b4 ,s4 ,gauge cotton cov]$ magnet wire4 ,be=e w9d+ 9 ! wire1 cov] ! core ) a lay] ( pap] s t ! wire does n t\* ! metal4 ,! ends ( ! wire %\ld be l$ out ?r\gh small holes 9 ! fibre heads4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eb4--;,details %[+ ! size ( ! ,magnet ,bobb94 ,x is n absolutely necess>y to use ,no4 #ah ,b4 4,s4 ,gauge wire 9 w9d+ ! magnets1 b x is ! size :i* w give ! be/ results on ! av]age batt]y4 ,if y use l>g] wire1 ! eng9e w require m curr5t f ! batt]y4 ,if y use f9] wire1 a batt]y ( high] voltage w be necess>y4 ,! curr5t consumption w1 h[ev] be less4 ,! electromagnets are m\nt$ 9 ! frame ( ! eng9e by means ( two screws pass+ ?r\gh ! holes ,e & ,d4 ,! details ( ! frame are illu/rat$ 9 figure #ec4 ,x is made ( a /rip ( wr\ght iron or cold roll$ /eel1 five & five-eigh?s in*es long1 an in* & "o-eigh? wide & "o-eigh? in* ?ick4 ,! mat]ial = mak+ ?is "p ( ! eng9e & also ! be>+s c be/ be obta9$ at "s blacksmi? %op or h>dw>e /ore4 ,heavy galvaniz$ iron c be us$ b x is n usually ?ick en\gh1 & x may be necess>y to use two ?icknesses4 ,! ends ( ! /rip are r\nd$ & b5t at "r angles s z to =m a ,u-%ap$ piece ) sides "o & ?ree-qu>t]s in*es high4 ,! holes1 ,d & ,e1 %\ld be l>ge en\gh to pass an #h-cb screw4 ,! holes1 ,a1 ,b & ,c %\ld be ab\t "o-eigh? ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,!y are us$ to pass ! screws :i* hold ! frame ( ! eng9e to ! wood5 base4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ec4--,! ,frame :i* supports ! ,electromagnets4 99,! ,be>+s99 are %[n 9 ,figure #ed4 ,!y are made ,u-%ap$ & are out ( a /rip ( iron or /eel 9 ! same mann] z ! frame ( ! eng9e1 b are ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* wide in/ead ( an in* & "o-eigh?4 ,! dim5sions w be und]/ood be/ by ref]r+ to ! draw+4 ,! #c_/cb in* holes ne> ! top ( ea* side are ! be>+ holes = ! end ( ! %aft4 ,! "o-eigh? in* holes j bel[ are us$ to fa/5 ! bru% hold] 9 position4 ,! holes 9 ! bottom s]ve to fa/5 ! be>+s to ! base4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ed4--,! ,ma9 ,be>+s4 99,! ,%aft99 w probably prove ! mo/ difficult "p ( ! eng9e to make prop]ly4 ,! details are giv5 9 ,figure #ee4 ,x is made ( a piece ( "o-eigh? in* /eel rod b5t s t a crank is =m$ 9 ! middle4 ,! crank %\ld be b5t s t x has a ?r[ ( "o-half an in*1 t is1 (fset "o-qu>t] ( an in* s t ! connect+ rod moves back & =? a di/ance ( "o-half an in*4 ,! f9i%$ %aft %\ld be ?ree in*es long4 ,! piece ( /eel us$ %\ld be long] ?an ?is & s t x c be cut (f to exact dim5sions aft] ! %aft is f9i%$4 ,a second crank %\ld be b5t 9 "o end ( ?is s z to =m an (fset contact = ! bru%es4 ,?is second crank w h to be at "r angles to ! fir/ "o & %\ld be mu* small]4 ,! ends ( ! %aft are turn$ or fil$ d[n to a diamet] ( ?ree-?irty-seconds ( an in* = a di/ance ( ab\t ! same am\nt s t !y w fit 9 ! be>+ holes & turn freely1 b n all[ ! %aft to slip ?r\gh4 ,! "w ( mak+ ! %aft w require a small vise1 a light hamm]1 files & a c\ple ( pli]s4 ,"o pair ( pli]s %\ld be ( ! r\nd nos$ type & ! o!r a pair ( ord9>y squ>e jaw$ side cutt]s4 ,x may require two or ?ree attempts be=e a p]fect %aft is secur$4 ,:5 f9i%$1 x %\ld be p]fectly true & turn freely 9 ! be>+s4 ,! be>+s c be adju/$ slightly by b5d+1 s t ! %aft w fit 9 ! holes & be free1 b yet n loose en\gh to slip out4 99,! ,armature99 is a /rip ( s(t iron1 two & "o-eigh? in*es long1 sev5-sixte5?s ( an in* wide & ?ree-sixte5?s ( an in* ?ick4 ,a "o-sixte5? in* slot1 ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* long is cut 9 "o end4 ,a "o-sixte5? in* hole is drill$ ?r\gh f "o side to ! o!r1 "o-eigh? ( an in* f ea* end4 ,! hole :i* passes ?r\gh ! slot is us$ tu pass ! p9 :i* pivots ! armature to ! connect+ rod4 ,! o!r hole is us$ to m\nt ! armature 9 its be>+4 ,! armature be>+ is a small edition ( ! "o :i* is us$ to support ! eng9e %aft4 ,! details & ! dim5sions are giv5 9 ! l[] left h& side ( ,figure #ef4 ,! armature is %[n 9 ! c5t] ( ! same illu/ration4 ,! connect+ rod is illu/rat$ at ! "r4 ,?is is made f a /rip ( ?ree-sixty-f\r?s in* brass1 ?ree sixte5?s ( an in* wide & "o & five-eigh?s in*es long4 ,! "o-eigh? in* hole %\ld be drill$ close to "o end & a "o-sixte5? in* hole close to ! o!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ee4--,! ,%aft4 99,! ,bru%es99 are two /rips ( ?9 phosphor bronze %eet1 two & ?ree-sixte5?s in*es long & n9e ?irty-seconds ( an in* wide4 ,!y are illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #eg4 ,! block ^u :i* !y are m\nt$ is h>d fibre4 ,x is "o & five-eigh?s in*es long & ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* squ>e4 ,x may be possible to secure a fly:eel = ! eng9e f "s old toy4 ,x %\ld be ab\t ?ree & "o-half in*es 9 diamet]4 ,a fly:eel c be made out ( %eet iron or /eel by foll[+ ! sugge/ion 9 ,figure #eh1 :i* %[s a :eel cut out ( "o-eigh? in* %eet /eel4 ,x is giv5 ! appe>ance ( hav+ spokes by bor+ six ?ree-qu>t] in* holes ?r\gh ! face z %[n4 ,! hole 9 ! c5t] ( ! :eel %\ld be "o-eigh? ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,! :eel is slipp$ ov] ! %aft & fa/5$ 9 position by sold]+4 ,! p>ts are n[ all ready to assemble into ! complete eng9e4 ,m\nt ! electromagnets 9 ! frame & fa/5 ! frame d[n to ! wood5 base s t "o end ( ! frame comes practically flu% ) ! left h& edge ( ! base4 ,fa/5 ! be>+ across ! frame at "r angles by a screw pass+ ?r\gh ! c5t] hole 9 ! bottom ( ! be>+ ?r\gh ! hole ,a & into ! base4 ,! bottom ( ! be>+ %\ld be b5t slightly s z to /raddle ! frame4 ,! be>+ %\ld be secur$ & prev5t$ f turn+ or twi/+ by two screws pass$ ?r\gh ! o!r two holes 9 ! bottom ,use r\nd head$ wood screws 9 m\nt+ ! be>+ & ! frame4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ef4--,%[+ ! ,armature1 ,armature ,be>+ & ! ,connection ,rod4 ,! armature be>+ %\ld be m\nt$ on ! frame directly betwe5 ! two electromagnets4 ,!n place ! armature 9 position by slipp+ a piece ( "o-sixte5? in* brass rod ?r\gh ! be>+ holes & ! hole 9 ! l[] "p ( ! armature4 ,sold] ! fly:eel 9 position on ! %aft & snap ! latt] into ! be>+s4 ,adju/ ! be>+s s t ! %aft w turn freely4 ,! connect+ rod %\ld be slipp$ ov] ! %aft be=e x is plac$ 9 ! be>+s4 ,fa/5 ! o!r end ( ! connect+ rod to ! armature by means ( a piece ( "o-sixte5? in* brass rod :i* pass$ ?r\gh ! small holes bor$ = t purpose4 ,:5 ! fly:eel is spun ) ! f+]s1 ! armature %\ld move back & =? betwe5 ! two electromagnets & almo/1 b n q1 t\* ! two magnet poles4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eg4--;,details ( ! ,bru%es & ,bru% ,hold]4 ,all ! mov+ p>ts %\ld be fitt$ firmly toge!r b be free en\gh s !re is no unnecess>y friction & s t ! eng9e w cont9ue to run = a few seconds :5 ! fly:eel is spun ) ! f+]s4 ,! bru%es1 support$ on _! fibre blocks1 %\ld be m\nt$ on ! be>+ by means ( two screws pass+ ?r\gh ! holes 9 ! be>+ into ! block4 ,! position ( ! bru%es %\ld be su* t ! %aft passes betwe5 ! two upp] ends b does n t\* !m unless ! small contact crank m5tion$ above is 9 prop] position to d s4 ,! prop] adju/m5t ( ! bru%es s t !y w make contact ) ! %aft at ! prop] mom5t w l>gely det]m9e ! spe$ & p[] :i* ! f9i%$ eng9e w develop4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eh4--,%[+ h[ a ,fly:eel may be made out ( %eet iron4 ,two b9d+ po/s %\ld be m\nt$ on ! "r h& end ( ! base s t ! eng9e c be easily connect$ to a batt]y4 ,connect "o t]m9al ( ! "r h& electromagnet to "o ( ! b9d+ po/s4 ,run ! o!r t]m9al ( ! electromagnet to ! bru% on ! opposite side ( ! %aft4 ,connect "o t]m9al ( ! left h& electromagnet to ! o!r b9d+ po/ & run ! o!r t]m9al to ! bru% on ! opposite side ( ! %aft4 ,save = a few m9or adju/m5ts1 ! eng9e is n[ ready to run4 ,connect two or ?ree cells ( dry batt]y to ! two b9d+ po/s & turn ! fly:eel s t x moves f "r to left across ! top4 ,j z ! crank passes dead c5t] & ! armature />ts to move back away f ! left h& magnet1 ! small contact crank on ! %aft %\ld t\* ! left h& bru% & s5d ! curr5t ?r\gh ! "r h& magnet4 ,?is w draw ! armature ov] to ! "r4 ,j be=e ! armature gets all ! way ov] to ! "r1 ! contact %\ld break connection ) ! left h& bru% & int]rupt ! curr5t s t ! in]tia ( ! fly:eel w cause x to keep mov+ & ! armature to />t to move ov] t[>d ! left h& magnet at :i* po9t ! contact on ! %aft %\ld comm5ce to be> aga9/ ! "r h& bru%1 ?us ?r[+ ! left h& magnet into circuit & draw+ ! armature ov] to t side4 ,if ! bru%es & ! cranks are 9 prop] relation to ea* o!r ! eng9e w cont9ue to repeat ?is op]ation & gradually ga9 spe$ until x is runn+ at a good rate4 ,! appe>ance ( ! eng9e c be improv$ by pa9t+ ! metal p>ts black & ! fly:eel r$4 ,! magnets c be wrapp$ ) a piece ( bright r$ clo? to protect ! wire aga9/ injury & also l5d attraction to its appe>ance 9 ?is way4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,small ,,p[] ,,motors ,9 ord] = a motor to develop any appreciable am\nt ( p[] x mu/ be mu* l>g] ?an any ( ^? :i* h be5 describ$ 9 ^! pages s f>1 & mu/ be con/ruct$ 9 a mo/ pa9/ak+ mann]4 ,x w be necess>y to use a great deal m iron 9 ! field & armature & also to make ! space betwe5 !m z small z possible4 ,a motor hav+ a small sep>ation betwe5 ! field poles & ! armature w develop m p[] ?an "o hav+ a great] sep>ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ei4--;,a ,v]tical ,batt]y ,p[] ,motor4 ,! mo/ effici5t types ( small p[] motors h lam9at$ field & armature frames1 t is1 !y are built up ( a l>ge numb] ( ?9 metal pun*+s4 ,! amateur exp]im5t] :o has limit$ facilities = c>ry+ out 8 "w w\ld f9d x difficult to make p>ts ( ?is sort to good advantage & s ! motors describ$ "h h be5 design$ ) ca/ iron armatures & field frames4 ,^? :o wi% to secure a set ( ca/+s f _! own patt]ns c possibly save "p ( ! exp5se if !y d n consid] ! extra labor ( fir/ mak+ ! patt]ns4 ,two types ( motors are describ$1 "o v]tical & ! o!r horizontal4 ,bo? are int5d$ to op]ate on a batt]y curr5t ( #c-f volts & if c>efully built w deliv] a surpris+ am\nt ( p[]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fj4--;,details ( ! ,field ,frame ( ! ,v]tical ,motor4 ,a ,,v]tical ,,p[] ,,motor 99,! ,field ,frame99 is %[n 9 detail 9 ,figure #fj4 ,! exact %ape & dim5sions are be/ und]/ood by a c>eful exam9ation ( ! draw+4 ,! patt]n = ! field may be made ( ! same %ape & practically ! same size z indicat$ = ! f9i%$ ca/+ because ! rapp+ or j>r+ :i* ! patt]n w receive 9 ! f\ndry 9 ord] to free x f ! s& m\ld w enl>ge ! m\ld suffici5tly 9 a ca/+ ( small size to make up = any %r9kage :i* takes place ^u ! cool+ ( ! iron4 ,! only exception to ?is is 9 ! tunnel :]e ! armature rotates4 ,?is %\ld measure "o & ?ree-qu>t] in*es 9 diamet] :5 f9i%$ & %\ld be slightly small] 9 ! r\gh ca/+ s t !re is en\gh mat]ial to all[ = tru+ & br++ to equal size4 99,! ,armature99 may be ( two types1 ?ree pole or six pole4 ,! ?ree-pole armature is ! simpl]1 b ! six-pole type is ! smoo!r runn+ & gives ! /eadi] p[]4 ,! details & dim5sions are %[n 9 ,figures #fa & #fb4 ,"o ( ! armatures %\ld be select$ & a patt]n built4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fa4--,?ree-pole ,armature4 ,aft] ! patt]ns are f9i%$ !y %\ld be giv5 a coat ( %ellac & c>efully rubb$ ) f9e s&pap] s t !y are p]fectly smoo?4 ,o!rwise ! s& is liable to /ick 9 m\ld+ & produce an imp]fect ca/+4 ,ca/+s may be obta9$ f any f\ndry :i* is equipp$ to make grey iron ca/+s4 ,!y %\ld be z s(t z possible4 ,! co/ w dep5d ^u ! quantity :i* are ord]$4 ,if only "o set is requir$1 ! *>ge w probably be bas$ ^u ! "t requir$ = mak+ ! m\lds b if sev]al sets are ord]$ ! price may be bas$ ^u ! weight4 ,aft] ! ca/+s h be5 receiv$ f ! f\ndry1 ! fir/ op]ation is to c>efully remove all r\gh spots & burrs ) a file4 ,^? :o h a la! or l>ge drill press c easily f9i% ! tunnel by turn+ or ream+4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( ^! facilities1 h& fil+ c be made to suffice1 if c>efully done4 ,! holes m>k$ ,,bbbb %\ld be drill$ ) a ,no4 #bi drill & tapp$ #h-cb4 ,^! holes mu/ be v c>efully locat$ because !y s]ve to fa/5 ! be>+s4 ,ea* hole %\ld be exactly opposite ! o!r1 two & five-sixte5? in*es ap>t & on a l9e pass+ exactly ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! tunnel4 ,! holes1 ,,pp & ,,ss1 are ?ree-sixte5?s ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,! =m] support ! ,b9d+ ,po/s & ! latt] pass ! screws :i* fa/5 ! motor to ! wood5 base4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fb4--,six-pole ,armature4 ,! armature1 9 ! case ( ei!r ! six or ?ree pole type1 has a ?ree-sixte5? in* hole drill$ along ! axis to accommodate a /eel %aft ( ! same diamet]4 ,! armature ca/+ %\ld be accurately turn$ to a diamet] ( "o & tw5ty-?ree ?irty-seconds ( an in* s t x w revolve 9 ! tunnel )\t t\*+ ! field b /ill be v close to x4 ,two holes bor$ ?r\gh "o ( ! pole pieces at "r angles to ! %aft ) a ,no4 #cg drill & ?read$ ) a #f-cb tap w all[ ! armature to be clamp$ tightly to ! %aft ) two headless set screws4 99,! ,field ,w9d+99 consi/s ( ,no4 #af d\ble cotton insulat$ wire4 ,be=e ! w9d+ is put on1 ! core %\ld be insulat$ ) "o or two lay]s ( %ellac$ pap]4 ,two circul> pieces ( %ellac$ pap] %\ld be plac$ aga9/ ! flanges at ! end ( ! core1 s t ! w9d+ space is ?or\ghly insulat$ & !re is no liability ( ! wire t\*+ ! iron at any po9t4 ,! wire %\ld be w\nd 9 smoo? ev5 lay]s4 ,! w9d+ space is completely fill$4 ,! outside lay] may be f9i%$ by a coat ( %ellac4 ,! ?ree-pole armature is mu* easi] to w9d ?an ! six pole type4 ,! wire us$ %\ld be ,no4 #bd ,b4 ,s4 ,gauge1 d\ble cotton cov]$4 ,be=e ! wire is w\nd on1 cov] ! w9d+ space ) %ellac$ pap] s t ! wire w n t\* ! iron at any po9t4 ,ea* coil %\ld be w\nd 9 ! same direction z ! o!rs />t+ at ! same end & z close z possible to ! inside4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fc4--,%[+ h[ ! ,coils on a ,?ree-pole ,armature are connect$ to ! ,commutator4 ,! outside end ( ea* coil %\ld be connect$ to ! inside ( ! next coil z %[n 9 ,figure #fc4 ,! diagram indicates only "o lay] ( wire 9 ea* coil = ! sake ( cle>ness4 ,! w9d+ ^u ! armature %[n 9 ,figure #fd is divid$ into six coils4 ,ea* coil consi/s ( z _m turns z possible ( ,no4 #bd ,b4 ,s4 ,gauge1 cotton cov]$ wire to fill ! space completely & all coils are w\nd 9 ! same direction4 ,! illu/rations %[ ! v>i\s /ages ( ! b9d+s ) ! two1 f\r & six coils 9 place4 ,! w9d+ spaces on ! armature %\ld be c>efully insulat$ ) %ellac$ pap] be=e ! coils are plac$ 9 position4 ,aft] ! w9d+ has be5 f9i%$ ! next /ep is to make ! %aft & commutator4 ,! %aft is a piece ( ?ree-sixte5?s /eel1 ?ree & "o-qu>t] in*es long4 ,! %aft passes ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! armature & is lock$-9 position by ! two set screws4 99,! ,commutator99 is probably "o ( ! mo/ difficult p>ts ( ! motor to make4 ,x consi/s ( ?ree circul> brass sections insulat$ f "o ano!r on a fibre bu%+4 ,! fibre bu%+ is a holl[ cyl9d]1 five-sixte5?s ( an in* 9 diamet] & sev5te5 ?irty-seconds ( an in* long4 ,! bu%+ %\ld =ce tightly on ! %aft4 ,! segm5ts are make by turn+ a piece ( ?ree-qu>t] in* brass rod 9 a la! until x is "o-half an in* 9 diamet] = a di/ance ( ab\t sev5-sixte5?s ( an in*4 ,a five-sixte5?s in* hole %\ld be bor$ ?r\gh ! c5t] s t x w fit tightly ^u ! fibre bu%+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fd4--,%[+ h[ ! ,coils on a ,six-pole ,armature are arrang$ & connect$4 ,!n cut ! brass (f "o-half in* f ! end s t x leaves a flange at "o end1 ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,saw x l5g?wise into ?ree equal p>ts & m\nt x ^u ! fibre bu%+ ) a small /rip ( mica betwe5 ea* two sections to fill 9 ! space made by ! saw cuts4 ,! sections are held toge!r by a fibre r+1 ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* 9 diamet] outside & "o-half an in* 9 diamet] inside4 ,! r+ %\ld fit v tightly ov] ! commutator & be =c$ d[n flu% aga9/ ! %\ld]4 ,aft] ! r+ is 9 position1 file any mica :i* may project out ( ! slots d[n ev5 ) ! surface ( ! segm5ts & =ce ! commutator onto ! %aft ) ! %\ld] aga9/ ! armature4 ,! commutator mu/ fit v tightly s t !re is n any possibility ( mov+ x aft] x is 9 position4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fe4--;,details ( ! ,commutator4 ,! sections %\ld be> a c]ta9 relative position to ! armature w9d+s4 ,! diagrams 9 ,figures #fc & #fd %[ ! prop] position = ! ?ree & six pole armature respectively4 ,! coils are connect$ to ! commutator by sold]+ ! t]m9als to ! %\ld] on ea* segm5t4 ,?is "w %\ld be v c>efully done s z to insure a neat job & connection ( ! prop] t]m9al to ! prop] section4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ff4--;,details ( ! ,be>+s1 ,%aft1 & ,pulley4 ,,connections ,,= ,,! ,,?ree ,,pole ,,armature ,! inside t]m9al ( coil ,a & ! outside t]m9al ( coil ,b %\ld be connect$ to ,section #a1 ! inside t]m9al ( coil ,b & ! outside t]m9al ( coil ,c %\ld be connect$ to ,section #c1 ! inside t]m9al ( coil ,c1 & ! outside t]m9al ( coil ,a %\ld be connect$ to ,section #b4 ,,connections ,,= ,,! ,,six-,,pole ,,armature ,! inside t]m9al ( coil ,a & ! inside t]m9al ( coil ,b %\ld be connect$ to section #b1 ! outside t]m9al ( coil ,c & ! outside t]m9al ( coil ,d %\ld be connect$ to ,section #c1 ! outside t]m9al ( coil ,e & ! outside t]m9al ( coil ,f %\ld be connect$ to ,section #a1 ! outside t]m9al ( coil ,a & ! inside t]m9al ( coil ,c %\ld be connect$ to ,section #a1 ! inside t]m9al ( coil ,d & ! inside t]m9al ( coil ,e %\ld be connect$ to ,section #b1 ! inside t]m9al ( coil ,f & ! outside t]m9al ( coil ,d %\ld be connect$ to ,section #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fg4--,! ,bru%es & ,bru% ,hold]4 ,! wires lead+ f ! coils to ! commutator %\ld be j z %ort z x is possible to make !m & aft] be+ sold]$ %\ld be b\nd d[n tightly ) l95 ?read or /r+4 ,! be>+s are bo? ca/ f brass4 ,! details are %[n 9 ,figure #ff ,x w be necess>y to make up wood5 patt]ns & s5d !m to a f\ndry4 ,! location ( ! holes c be asc]ta9$ f ! illu/ration4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fh4--;,details ( ! ,field ,frame = ! ,horizontal ,p[] ,motor4 ,ea* ( ! bru%es consi/s ( a piece ( /rip copp]1 "o-qu>t] ( an in* wide & "o & ?ree-eigh?s in*es long m\nt$ 9 a bru% hold] made ( "o-qu>t] in* brass rod4 ,! bru% hold] is "o in* long & is turn$ d[n to a diamet] ( "o-eigh? ( an in* at "o end = a di/ance ( n9e-sixte5?s ( an in* & !n ?read$ ) a #f-cb die4 ,! opposite end is slott$ to receive ! bru%4 ,! ?read$ portion ( ! hold] is slipp$ ?r\gh ! holes1 ,b & ,b1 9 ! be>+ & prev5t$ f mak+ contact ) ! latt] by a fibre bu%+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fi4--;,front view ( ! ,field ,frame4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gj4--,! ,field ,magnet ,bobb94 ,a fibre wa%] %\ld also be slipp$ ov] ! hold] on ea* side ( ! be>+4 ,two hexagonal nuts are plac$ on ! ?read$ /em4 ,"o s]ves to clamp ! hold] 9 position & ! o!r to hold ! wire us$ to make connection ) ! bru%4 ,! "r h& bru% %\ld be> aga9/ ! "u side ( ! commutator & ! left h& bru% aga9/ ! upp] side4 ,aft] ! armature has be5 assembl$ 9 ! be>+s & m\nt$ on ! field frame x %\ld revolve freely )\t friction & )\t any possibility ( its /rik+ aga9/ ! field poles4 ,! b9d+ po/s are m\nt$ 9 ! holes1 ,,pp 9 ! l[] p>ts ( ! field frame4 ,!y are insulat$ by two fibre or pap] bus+s4 ,! left h& b9d+ po/ is connect$ to ! inside t]m9al ( ! field w9d+4 ,! outside t]m9al ( ! field w9d+ is connect$ to ! left h& b9d+ po/4 ,! "r h& b9d+ po/ is connect$ to ! "r h& bru%4 ,! base ( ! motor is a wood5 block ( suitable size4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ga4--;,details ( ! ,%aft1 ,rock] ,arm1 ,be>+ & ,pulley4 ,! motor is ( ! s]ies type because all ! curr5t fl[s ?r\gh bo? ! field & armature4 ,a curr5t ( #b to #f volts w op]ate ! motor4 ,! pulley or ge> requir$ 9 ord] t ! motor may be us$ z a s\rce ( p[] w dep5d ^u ! "w = :i* ! motor is to be employ$4 ,a small groov$ pulley su* z z t %[n 9 ,figure #fc may be fa/5$ to ! %aft ) a set screw & w prove mo/ useful = g5]al purposes4 ,a ,,horizontal ,,p[] ,,motor4 ,! horizontal motor does n diff] v mat]ially f ! v]tical "o j describ$4 ,! field frame is1 h[ev]1 made 9 two pieces1 & ! be>+s are ca/ directly on ! frame4 ,! details & dim5sions are giv5 9 ,figures #fh1 #fi & #gj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gb4--,re> view ( ! complet$ ,horizontal ,motor4 ,! field w9d+ consi/s ( six lay]s ( ,no4 #ah ,b4 ,s4 ,gauge d\ble cotton-cov]$ wire w\nd on a spool or bobb94 ,! core ( ! bobb9 consi/s ( a piece ( five-eigh?s r\nd /eel or iron rod1 two & sev5-sixte5?s in*es long4 ,two circul> fibre heads1 "o-eigh? ( an in* ?ick & "o & "o-half in*es 9 diamet] are m\nt$ on ! core "o-half an in* f "o end & fifte5-sixte5?s ( an in* ap>t4 ,! ends ( ! core are set 9 ! holes1 ,c1 ,c1 9 ! two p>ts ( ! field frame & held 9 position by two set screws ?read+ into ! holes ,s & ,s4 ,ei!r ! ?ree-pole or ! six-pole armature may be us$4 ,! commutator & bru%es are id5tical ) ^? us$ 9 ! v]tical type ( motor4 ,! %aft is ?ree-sixte5?s ( an in* 9 diamet] & f\r in*es long4 ,! bru%es are m\nt$ ^u a bru% arm :i* is %[n 9 detail 9 ,figure #fc4 ,?is is made ( ?ree-sixte5?s in* %eet brass4 ,! bru%es mu/ be insulat$ f ! arm by fibre wa%]s & bu%+s 9 ! same mann] z !y 7 f ! be>+s on ! v]tical motor4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gc4--,side view ( ! ,horizontal ,motor4 ,! holes 9 ! be>+s on ! field frame are drill$ out ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* 9 diamet] & !n bru%$ ) a piece ( ?ree-eigh?s in* brass rod five-sixte5?s ( an in* 9 diamet] hav+ a ?ree-sixte5?s in* hole ?r\gh ! c5t]4 ,any ( ! ,foll[+ ,practical ,books 99w be s5t ,at ,once1 ,po/-paid on receipt ( price499 ,!re is v little dang] ( los+ curr5cy 9 a lett] if ! foll[+ directions are obs]v$3 ,cut a circul> hole ! diamet] ( ! co9 9 a piece ( c>dbo>d1 ( suffici5t size to fit closely 9 ! envelope4 ,! c>dbo>d %\ld be no ?ick] ?an ! co94 ,ins]t ! co9 9 ! hole & pa/e a piece ( pap] on bo? sides ( ! c>dbo>d to prev5t ! co9 f fall+ out4 ,,cole ,,morgan ,publi%]s ( ! ,arts & ,sci5ces ,s]ies ,p4,o4 ,box #dgc1 ,city ,hall ,/ation ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 99,exp]im5tal ,wireless ,con/ruction99 99,,eighty-,,six ,,pages ,,n9ety-,,?ree ,,illu/rations99 99,only #cj ,c5ts1 ,po/paid99 ,"h at la/ is ! book :i* e "y exp]im5t] int]e/$ 9 con/ruct+ 8 own wireless app>atus has be5 look+ =4 ,a book :i* tells h[ to build app>atus :i* anyone w\ld be pr\d to own4 ,x is a m advanc$ book ?an ,wireless ,con/ruction & ,in/allation = ,beg9n]s1 & describes app>atus :i* is mu* m elaborate & s5sitive4 ,! in/rum5ts h all be5 ! subject ( consid]able exp]im5tal "w & /udy4 ,all ! app>atus has be5 put to practical te/ & c>efully improv$ by clev] exp]ts4 ,by pur*as+ ?is book y get ! b5efit ( va/ k & exp]i5ce & are enabl$ to build f> bett] in/rum5ts ?an by foll[+ y\r own designs & haphaz>d me?ods4 99,p>tial ,cont5ts99 ,*apt] ,i4--,,! ,,a]ial4 ,*apt] ,,ii4--,,sp>k ,,coils4 ,*apt] ,,iii4--,,transmitt+ ,,app>atus ,,& ,,its ,,con/ruction4 ,*apt] ,,iv4--,,! ,,receiv+ ,,app>atus ,,& ,,its ,,con/ruction4 ,*apt] ,v4--,,arrangem5t ,,& ,,op]ation ,,( ,,! ,,app>atus4 ,,complete ,,details ,,are ,,giv5 ,,) ,,work+ ,,draw+s4 99,s5t any:]e po/paid = #cj ,c5ts99 99,! ,boy ,electrician99 ,practical ,plans = ,electrical ,toys & ,app>atus1 ) an ,explanation ( ! ,pr9ciples ( ,ev]yday ,electricity4 99,by ,,alfr$ ,p4 ,,morgan499 ,au?or ( ,wireless ,telegraph ,con/ruction = ,amateurs & ,wireless ,telegraphy & ,telephony1 etc4 99,) full-page ,illu/rations & #cbd ,work+ ,draw+s & ,diagrams99 99by ! au?or4 #hvo41 ,clo?1 ,net ,price1 #b4be499 ,?is is ! age ( electricity4 ,! mo/ fasc9at+ ( all books = a boy mu/ !re=e be "o deal+ ) ! my/]y ( ?is anci5t =ce & mod]n wond]1 ev5 a m]e li/ ( ^: s]vices is impossible4 ,! be/ qualifi$ ( exp]ts to in/ruct boys1 ,alfr$ ,p4 ,morgan1 has 9 a book f> sup]ior to any o!r ( its k9d told n only h[ to make all k9ds ( motors1 telegraphs1 telephones1 batt]ies1 etc41 & to d s economically1 b has expla9$ ! pr9ciples ^u :i* ^! dep5d = op]ation1 & h[ ! same ?+ is done 9 ! e-day _w be well pres5t$ & s attractive is ?is really great book t x w be an education = any bright boy to h x1 z well z ! be/ k9d ( a moral safegu>d1 by leav+ no "t or ?\ght = evil1 & a means ( future b5efit beyond ! p[] ( any "o to reckon4 ,glanc+ ov] ! pages ( ?is book1 "o _c b be impress$ by ! excell5t illu/rations1 cle>ness ( expression & ! l>ge numb] ( subjects t are cov]$4 ,x is beyond d\bt ! be/ book 9 ?is l9e t has ev] be5 writt5 or publi%$4 ,x is a book t w delight e boy :o has a lean+ t[>ds electrical exp]im5ts4 ,! au?or writes 9 a cle> & *atty /yle & :ile he has a ?or\gh te*nical k ( 8 subject he has succe$$ 9 treat+ x 9 a simple mann] s t x is readily intelligible to 8 "y read]s4 99,among ! ,*apt] ,head+s & ,cont5ts are399 ,magnets & ,magnetism--,/atic ,electricity--,/atic ,electric ,ma*9es--,cells & ,batt]ies--,electro-,magnetism & ,magnetic ,induction--,electrical ,units--,electrical ,appurt5ances--,electrical ,measur+ ,in/rum5ts--,bells1 ,al>ms & ,annunciators--,electric ,telegraphs--,microphones & ,telephones--,induction ,coils--,trans=m]s--,wireless ,telegraphy--,wireless ,telephony--,electric ,motors--,dynamos--,an ,electric ,railway--,m9iature ,light+--,miscellane\s ,electrical ,app>atus4 99,,read ,,:at ,,has ,,be5 ,,said ,,( ,,x499 ,ev5 a casual glance ?r\gh ! _m pages ( ! book does n fail to emphasize ! fact t ,mr4 ,alfr$ ,p4 ,morgan has inde$ succe$$ well 9 giv+ ! juv5ile electricians a "w t has long be5 s\ght4--,popul> ,electricity4 ,we h no hesitation 9 comm5d+ ! book to ! att5tion ( ! juv5ile audi5ce = :i* x is int5d$4--,bo/on ,po/4 ,a great book = ent]pris+ boys4 ,bright boys w highly appreciate x & feel l ?ank+ ! wideawake publi%]s = putt+ su* a reliable & int]e/+ "w 9 ! field4--,new ,hav5 ,j\rnal4 ,! book cov]s ! subject ( electricity ?or\ghly 9 all its phases & is a spl5did acquisition to any boy's libr>y4--,detroit ,times4 ,9 ?is age ( electricity a book l ! pres5t "o is bo? fasc9at+ & valuable especially to boys4 ,! book is attractive ) its _m illu/rations & w prove ( mu* educational value = any bright boy4--,zion's ,h]ald4 ,?is is an admirably complete & explicit h&book = "y boys :o fall "u ! spell ( t9k]+ ) electrical app>atus4--,bo/on ,transcript4 ,well pres5t$ & attractive ?is book w be a s\rce ( great b5efit & delight = any bright boy4--,new ,orleans ,times-,picayune4 99,price1 #b4be ,po/paid99 ,,c\ntless ,,o!r ,,magaz9es1 ,,newspap]s ,,& ,,libr>ies ,,h ,,endors$ ,,?is ,,great ,,book4 ,,s5d ,,= ,a ,,copy ,,n[4 99,if y are int]e/$ 9 ?is great book1 write = our #h-page special99 99descriptive circul>499 ,wireless ,telegraphy & ,telephony ,simply ,expla9$ ,by ,,alfr$ ,p4 ,,morgan4 99,a ,,new ,,book by ! au?or ( ,wireless ,telegraph ,con/ruction = ,amateurs499 ,?is is und\bt$ly "o ( ! mo/ complete & compreh5sive treatises on ! subject ev] publi%$1 & a close /udy ( its pages w enable "o to ma/] all ! details ( ! wireless transmission ( messages4 ,! au?or has till$ a long-felt want & has succe$$ 9 furni%+ a lucid1 compreh5sible explanation 9 simple language ( ! !ory & practice ( wireless telegraphy & telephony4 ,! book treats ! subject f an entirely new /&po9t4 ,sev]al v novel & orig9al ideas h be5 c>ri$ out 9 its mak+4 ,x is well illu/rat$ by ov] "o hundr$ & fifty int]e/+ photographs & draw+s44 ,all diagrams h be5 made' 9 p]spective %[+ ! in/rum5ts z !y actually appe> 9 practice4 ,! draw+s are c>efully key$ & label$4 ,_m ( ! photographs are accompani$ by phantom draw+s :i* reveal ! "n & purpose ( ea* "p4 ,x is a book :i* ! wireless exp]im5t] _c af=d to be )\t4 ,x w prove ev5 m valuable to ! layman4 99,among ! cont5ts are3 ,introductory4 ,wireless ,transmission & ,reception4 ,! ,e!r4 ,electrical ,oscillations4 ,electro magnetic ,waves4 ,! ,means = ,radiat+ & ,int]cept+ ,electric ,waves4 ,a]ial ,sy/ems4 ,e>? ,connection4 ,! ,transmitt+ ,app>atus4 ,curr5t ,supply4 ,sp>k ,coils & ,trans=m]s4 ,cond5s]s4 ,helixes4 ,sp>k ,gaps4 ,an*or ,gaps4 ,a]ial ,swit*es1 ,etc4 ,! ,receiv+ ,app>atus4 ,detectors1 ,etc4 ,tun+ ,coils & ,loose ,c\pl]s4 ,v>iable ,cond5s]s4 ,tun+ & ,c\pl+4 ,directive ,wave ,telegraphy4 ,! ,dignity ( ,wireless4 ,its ,applications & ,s]vice4 ,wireless 9 ! ,army & ,navy4 ,wireless on an ,a]oplane4 ,h[ a ,message is ,s5t & ,receiv$4 ,! ,wireless ,telephone4 ,! ,e>4 ,h[ ,we ,he>4 ,s\nd & ,s\nd ,waves4 ,! ,vocal ,cords4 ,! ,/ructure ( ,spee*4 ,! ,telephone ,transmitt] & ,receiv]4 ,! ,photophone4 ,! ,!rmophone4 ,! ,sel5ium ,cell499 99,h&somely ,b\nd 9 ,clo? ) ,emboss$ ,cov]4 7,po/paid1 #a4jj799 ,build ,y\r ,own ,wireless ,in/rum5ts ,complete ,up-to-!-,m9ute ,au!ntic ,practical ,,wireless ,,telegraph ,,con/ruction ,,= ,,amateurs ,by ,,alfr$ ,,p[ell ,,morgan #c;d ,,edition #bbj ,pages #afc ,illu/rations 99,price1 #a4ej1 ,po/paid99 99,h&somely ,b\nd 9 ,silk ,clo?99 ,?or\ghly up to date & unusually complete4 ,giv5 9 m9ute detail1 full directions = con/ruct+ wireless app>atus & v>i\s outfits capable ( receiv+ f #ajj to #a1ejj miles & transmitt+ #c to #ajj miles4 ,also cle>ly expla9s ! purpose & action ( ea* in/rum5t4 ,directions = ,op]at+ & ,adju/+1 etc4 99,a ,,spl5did ,,treatise ,,( ,,wireless ,,along ,,con/ructive ,,l9es99 ,price1 #a4ej1 ,po/paid ,! value ( ?is book has be5 greatly increas$ by ! addition ( mu* new subject matt] & _m illu/rations ( rec5t int]e/4 ,! new text expla9s fully h[ to build ! mo/ rec5t =ms ( ,qu5*$ ,gaps1 ,rot>y ,gaps1 ,d\gh-,nut ,tun]s1 ,kick-back ,prev5t]s1 ,audion ,detectors & num]\s o!r in/rum5ts1 accompani$ by dim5sion$ work+ draw+s ,sev]al v int]e/+ & in/ructive photographs h be5 includ$4 99,i4--,introduction4 ,,ii4 ,! ,app>atus4 ,,iii4--,a]ials & ,e>? ,connections4 ,,iv4--,induction ,coils4 ,v4--,int]rupt]s4 ,,vi4--,trans=m]s4 ,,vii4--,oscillation ,cond5s]s & ,leyd5 ,j>s4 ,,viii4--,sp>k ,gaps or ,oscillators4 ,,ix4--,transmitt+ ,helixes ,x4--,keys4 ,,xi4--,a]ial ,swit*es & ,an*or ,gaps4 ,,xii4--,hot ,wire ,ammet]4 ,,xiii4--,oscillation ,detectors4 ,,xiv4--,tun+ ,coils & ,tun+ ,trans=m]s4 ,,xv4--,receiv+ ,cond5s]s4 ,,xvi4--,telephone ,receiv]s & ,headb&s4 ,,xvii4--,op]ation4 ,,xviii4--,! ,amateur & ! ,wireless ,law4 ,h[ to ,secure a ,lic5se4 ,oscillation ,helix4 ,qu5*$ ,sp>k ,gap4 ,rot>y ,gaps4 ,kick-,back4 ,! ,v>iomet]4 ,new ,cry/al ,detectors4 ,! ,audion4--,app5dix499 99,,endors$ ,,by ,,wireless ,,clubs ,,?r\gh\t ,,! ,,c\ntry ,,z ,,be+ ,,! ,,mo/ ,,practical ,,book ,,publi%$ ,,on ,,wireless499 99,,if ,,y ,,are ,,int]e/$ ,,9 ,,wireless ,,y ,,ne$ ,,?is ,,book99 99,,lessons ,,9 ,,wireless ,,telegraphy99 7,,writt5 ,,s ,,t ,,y ,,c ,,und]/& ,,!m7 ,our new book conta9s a sy/ematic elem5t>y c\rse 9 ! pr9ciples ( ,wireless ,telegraphy & ! electrical laws ^u :i* x dep5ds4 ,x conta9s m reliable & practical in=mation ?an any o!r book ( its k9d4 99,,if ,,y ,,own ,a ,,wireless ,,outfit99 x w give y a ?or\gh gr\nd+ 9 ! pr9ciples & c>e ( ! effici5cy ( y\r app>atus4 99,,if ,,y ,,int5d ,,pur*as+ ,,or ,,op]at+ ,,wireless ,,telegraph ,,app>atus99 y c\ld n desire a m complete or concise explanation ( matt]s x is ess5tial to und]/&4 99,,if ,,y ,,are ,a ,,layman99 ! book w prove valuable & int]e/+4 ,x is some?+ t y c well af=d to read = x w give y a cle> conception ( "o ( ! greate/ wond]s ( ! age4 99,price1 #cj ,c5ts1 ,po/paid499 ,! book is divid$ into ?irty lessons1 ea* lesson deal+ ) a sep>ate subject & foll[+ 9 a logical ord] s t repetition & possibility ( confusion are completely avoid$4 ,x is pr(usely illu/rat$ ) p]spective draw+s & diagrams1 ea* be+ c>efully key$ s t p>ts may be readily disc]n$4 ,x n alone describes ! actual work+s & con/ruction ( ! in/rum5ts t g to make up a wireless /ation 9 suffici5t detail to prove ( great value to ! exp]i5c$ /ud5t b treats ! subject 9 su* a mann] t ev5 ! beg9n] w h no tr\ble to cle>ly grasp ! matt]4 ,among ! li/s ( cont5ts may be m5tion$ a c>eful discussion & explanation ( su* subjects z ! :y & ! :]e=e ( ,magnetism1 ,magnetic ,induction1 ,prim>y ,cells1 ,/orage ,batt]ies1 ! ,dynamo1 ! ,alt]nator1 ! ,motor ,g5]ator1 ! ,induction ,coil1 ! ,trans=m]1 ! ,cond5s]1 ,volts1 ,amp]es1 ,watts1 ,c\lombs1 ,ohm's ,law1 ,electric ,waves1 ! ,e!r1 ,oscillations1 ! ,a]ial1 ,sp>k ,gaps1 ,qu5*$ ,gaps1 ,rot>y ,gaps1 ,helixes1 ,c\pl+1 ,tun+1 ,detectors1 ,tun+ ,coils1 ,loose ,c\pl]s1 ,v>iomet]s1 ,cond5s]s1 ,hot ,wire ,ammet]s1 ,circuits & ,diagrams1 etc41 etc41 etc4 ,ea* subject is discuss$ 9 detail & 9 all its bran*es4 ,= in/ance1 ! lesson deal+ ) a]ials describes v]tical a]ials1 pyramid a]ials1 flat top a]ials1 umbrella a]ials1 loop a]ials1 etc41 & peculi>ities or advantages4 ,! lesson on detectors deals ) ,electrolytic1 ,p]ikon1 ,silicon1 ,pyron1 ,c>borundum1 ,magnetic & ,audion ,detectors1 etc4 ,! lesson on ! !ory & arrangem5t ( circuits w be f\nd invaluable4 99,,?is ,,is ,,! ,,book ,,t ,,y ,,h ,,be5 ,,look+ ,,=499 ,home ,made ,electrical ,app>atus ,?ree ( ! mo/ popul> books ev] publi%$1 fill$ ) j ! sort ( in=mation y h be5 look+ =4 ,ea* volume is pr9t$ on heavy pap] & conta9s #gb pages & ov] #fj illu/rations & work+ draw+s = mak+ e sort ( electrical app>atus1 all ( :i* has actually be5 built by ! au?or4 ,writt5 s t y c completely und]/& !m4 ,,volume ,i1 ,no4 #g--hj ,pages--#ff ,illu/rations ,*apt] ,i--,,/atic ,,electrical ,,app>atus--,/atic ,electricity4 ,h[ to ,build a ,wim%ur/ ,ma*9e4 ,exp]im5ts ) ,/atic ,electrical ,app>atus4 ,*apt] ,,ii--,,cells ,,& ,,batt]ies4 ,*apt] ,,iii--,,h[ ,,to ,,r$uce ,,! #aaj ,,volt ,d4 ,c4 ,,or ,a4 ,c4 ,,to ,a ,,l[] ,,voltage ,,= ,,exp]im5tal ,,purposes4 ,*apt] ,,iv--,,h[ ,,an ,,alt]nat+ ,,curr5t ,,may ,,be ,,*ang$ ,,into ,,direct ,,curr5t ,,by ,,means ,,( ,,an ,,electrolytic ,,rectifi]4 ,*apt] ,v--,,h[ ,,to ,,build ,a ,,/ep-,,d[n ,,trans=m] ,,= ,,r$uc+ ,,! #aaj ,,volt ,a4 ,c4 ,,= ,,exp]im5tal ,,purposes4 ,,volume ,,ii1 ,no4 #h--gb ,pages--#ee ,illu/rations ,*apt] ,,vi--,,electrical ,,measur+ ,,in/rum5ts4 ,galvanomet]s1 ,ammet]s1 ,voltmet]s1 etc4 ,*apt] ,,vii--,,curr5t ,,control ,,devices4 ,h[ to ,make a ,pole ,*ang+ ,swit* or ,curr5t ,rev]s]4 ,h[ to ,rev]se ,small ,motors4 ,batt]y ,rheo/ats4 ,*apt] ,,viii--,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,telegraph ,,key ,,& ,,s\nd]4 ,h[ to ,in/all a ,telegraph ,l9e & ,le>n to ,op]ate4 ,le>n+ ! ,morse ,code4 ,*apt] ,,ix--,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,& ,,in/all ,a ,,telephone4 ,*apt] ,x--,,m$ical ,,coils ,,& ,,%ock+ ,,coils4 ,*apt] ,,xi--,,! ,,con/ruction ,,( ,,sp>k ,,coils4 ,a "o-qu>t] in* ,coil1 a "o-half in* ,coil1 a "o in* ,coil4 ,exp]im5ts ) ,sp>k ,coils4 ,,volume ,,iii1 ,no4 #i--hj ,pages--#gc ,illu/rations ,*apt] ,,xii--,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,dynamo-,,motor4 ,*apt] ,,xiii--,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,toy ,,batt]y ,,motor4 ,*apt] ,,xiv--,,h[ ,,to ,,build ,,an ,,electric ,,eng9e4 ,*apt] ,,xv--,,m9iature ,,batt]y ,,lamp ,,light+4 ,*apt] ,,xvi--,,coh]] ,,outfits ,,= ,,wireless ,,telegraphy4 ,*apt] ,,xvii--,,h[ ,,to ,,build ,a ,,tesla ,,high ,,frequ5cy ,,coil4 ,exp]im5ts ) ,high ,frequ5cy ,curr5ts4 ,*apt] ,,xviii--,,an ,,exp]im5tal ,,wireless ,,telephone4 ,*apt] ,,xix--,,miscellane\s ,,app>atus4 ,electrolysis ( ,wat]4 ,electro-,plat+4 ,electricity f ,heat4 ,a ,h&y ,light4 ,an ,exp]im5tal ,arc ,lamp4 ,a ,magnetic ,div]4 ,magnetic ,fi%4 ,a ,magnetic ,cl[n4 ,an ,electric ,breeze4 ,a ,/atic ,motor4 99,price ,po/paid1 #cj c5ts p] volume99 ,all ?ree volumes c be suppli$ b\nd toge!r ) h&some clo? cov] = #a4be po/paid4 ,vacuum ,tubes 9 ,wireless ,communication ,by ,,elm] ,e4 ,,bu*] 99,! only ,text ,book on ! m>ket devot$ solely to ! v>i\s applications ( ! ,oscillation ,valve499 ,an elem5t>y text book = /ud5ts1 op]ators1 exp]im5t]s & eng9e]s4 ,naval wireless m5 f9d ?is book especially helpful4 ,tells 9 und]/&able language ! fundam5tal op]at+ pr9ciple ( ! vacuum tube4 ,%[s ov] #ajj diff]5t circuits = ! practical use ( ! ,vacuum ,tube z a ,detector1 ,radio or ,audio ,frequ5cy ,amplifi]1 ,reg5]ative ,receiv]1 ,beat ,receiv]1 & ,g5]ator ( ,radio ,frequ5cy ,curr5ts4 ,m ?an #ajj diagrams reveal1 /ep by /ep1 9 simple & direct =m1 ! uses ( ! vacuum tube4 99,clo?4 ,size #f x #i in*es4 #bjb pages4 #aei diagrams & illu/rations4 ,price1 #a4ge4 ,po/age1 #aj c5ts499 ,practical ,wireless ,telegraphy ,by ,,elm] ,e4 ,,bu*] ,m ?an #fe1jjj copies ( ?is book h be5 sold to date4 ,x is us$ 9 practically e s*ool1 college1 libr>y & tra9+ camp 9 ?is c\ntry4 99,practical ,wireless ,telegraphy99 is ! recogniz$ /&>d wireless text book4 ,x furni%es mu* in=mation ( utmo/ value 9 reg>d to ! v late/ /yles ( wireless sets n[ 9 use4 ,x is ! fir/ wireless text book to treat ea* topic sep>ately & completely1 furni%+ a progressive /udy f fir/ pr9ciples to exp]t practice4 ,/>t+ ) elem5t>y data1 x progresses1 *apt] by *apt]1 ov] ! entire field ( wireless--fundam5tals1 con/ruction & practical op]ation4 99,size #f x #i in*es4 #ceb pages4 #cdj illu/rations4 ,h&somely b\nd 9 full clo?4 ,price1 #a4ge4 ,po/age1 #aj c5ts499 ,radio ,telephony ,by ,,alfr$ ,n4 ,,goldsmi?1 ,ph ,d4 99,x is ! only book treat+ ! subject ( ,radio ,telephony 9 all its aspects499 ,?is complete text on radio telephony is int5d$ = radio eng9e]s1 op]ators & exp]im5t]s1 also radio electricians 9 ! ,navy1 m5 9 ! ,signal ,corps & especially m5 9 ! ,aviation ,s]vice :o h&le radio equipm5t4 ,/ud5ts & o!rs :o desire to be cle>ly in=m$ conc]n+ ?is newe/ & mo/ int]e/+ bran* ( electric communication ne$ ?is book4 ,x is writt5 9 cle> /yle1 & pre-supposes v little k ( radio4 ,fully illu/rat$ ) wir+ diagrams & previ\sly unpubli%$ photographs ( wireless telephone app>atus4 ,!re are ov] #djj sep>ate topics li/$ 9 a c>efully prep>$ index4 99,size #f x #i in*es4 #bef pages4 #bbf illu/rations4 ,full clo?1 /amp$ 9 gold4 ,price1 #b4jj4 ,po/age1 #aj c5ts499 ,! ,op]ation ( ,wireless ,telegraph ,app>atus ,d y\r ,wireless fri5ds come to y = advice on con/ruct+ & op]at+ _! app>atus or d y g to !m = in=mation8 ,"h is a *ance = ,,y to become ! au?ority4 99,?is book is a necessity to e ,progressive ,exp]im5t]499 99,x %[s h[ to obta9 ! v highe/ effici5cy f any /ation1 & h[ to comply ) ! law4 ,h[ to tune1 adju/ y\r detector1 sp>k gap1 phones1 etc499 99,price1 #cj ,c5ts1 ,po/paid499 ,?is book 0 writt5 = ! wireless exp]im5t] :o has pass$ ! amateur /age1 b expla9s h[ ! beg9n] also c obta9 ! v be/ results f 8 /ation4 ,x conta9s mu* useful in=mation to ?is end & _m k9ks4 99,,x ,,%[s ,,h[99 to receive or s5d on long or %ort wave l5g?s ) highe/ effici5cy1 to tune = longe/ di/ance reception ( messages1 to use ! buzz] te/1 h[ to te/ & connect cond5s]s1 receiv]s1 etc41 h[ to use receiv+ trans=m]s1 v>iomet]s1 etc41 all ) highe/ effici5cy 9 view4 99,,x ,,also ,,describes99 ! con/ruction & use ( a simple1 inexp5sive wave met] to tune ! /ation to any desir$ wave l5g?1 & tells h[ to obta9 a %>p wave & a pure wave4 99,model ,fly+ ,ma*9es99 99,,h[ ,,to ,,build ,,& ,,fly ,,!m99 ,w prove int]e/+ & valuable4 ,h y ev] built & fl[n a ,model ,rac]8 ,if n1 y h miss$ some?+4 ,price1 #be ,c5ts1 ,po/paid4 ,model ,a]oplan+ is "o ( ! mo/ fasc9at+ & in/ructive ( sports4 ,?\s&s ( "y m5 & boys h =m$ ,model ,a]o ,clubs & organiz$ ,fly+ ,conte/s ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,,model ,,fly+ ,,ma*9es ( ! ,arts & ,sci5ces s]ies is ! only book giv+ reliable data & in/ructions = ! con/ruction ( practical ,model ,a]oplanes4 ,,if ,,y ,,are ,a ,,beg9n]1 ?is is ! book t y ought to h4 ,x w />t y "r4 ,x tells h[ to build sev5 diff]5t types ( ma*9es1 />t+ ) ! simple/ ,monoplane & f9i%+ ) sev]al ,long ,di/ance ,rac+ ,models4 ,,if ,,y ,,are ,,int]e/$ ,,9 ,,model ,,a]oplan+1 ?is book w prove ! "o y h be5 look+ =4 ,gives valuable ,k9ks4 ,tells h[ to c>ve propell]s1 make w9d]s1 adju/ & fly ma*9es1 etc4 ,fully illu/rat$ ) l>ge size1 detail$ work+ draw+s1 %[+ ! exact size ( ea* "p4 ,twelve full-page plates4 ,pr9t$ on fir/-class pap]4 ,heavy cov] 9 ?ree colors4 ,s5t po/paid by return mail ^u receipt ( #be c5ts4 99,,e ,,model ,,aviator ,,ought ,,to ,,h ,a ,,copy99