,,! ,,wat]-,,col\rs ,,( ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,,turn] ,,text ,,by ,w4 ,g4 ,,rawl9son ,,& ,a4 ,j4 ,,f9b]g ,,=eword ,,by ,,sir ,,*>les ,,holroyd1 ,r4,e4 ,,mcmix ,,(fices ,,( #8,,! ,,/udio' ,,london1 ,,p>is ,,& ,,new ,,york ,,prefatory ,,note4 ,! ,editor desires to ackn[l$ge 8 indebt$ness to ! foll[+ collectors ( ,turn]'s wat]-col\rs :o h k9dly l5t _! draw+s = reproduction 9 ?is volume3--,mr4 ,c4 ,morl& ,agnew1 ,sir ,hickman ,bacon1 ,b>t41 ,mr4 ,ralph ,brocklebank1 ,rev4 ,william ,mac,gregor1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,g4 ,rawl9son1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,s*wann1 & ,mr4 ,w4 ,yates4 ,! ,editor wi%es especially to express 8 ?anks to ,mr4 ,w4 ,g4 ,rawl9son1 :o1 9 addition to all[+ sev]al examples f 8 collection to be reproduc$1 has r5d]$ valuable assi/ance 9 v>i\s o!r ways 9 ! prep>ation ( ?is volume4 ,,articles4 ,a ,=eword by ,sir ,*>les ,holroyd1 ,r4,e4 page #a ,! ,wat]-,col\r ,draw+s ( ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turn]1 ,r4,a4 ,by ,w4 ,g4 ,rawl9son 0 #d ,! ,turn] ,draw+s 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london4 ,by ,a4 ,j4 ,f9b]g 0 #bh ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,plate ,i4 ,! ,ar*bi%op's ,palace1 ,lambe?4 ,f ! ,collection ( ,w4 ,g4 ,rawl9son1 ,esq4 0 ,,ii4 ,! ,m\? ( ! ,avon4 ,f ! ,collection ( ,w4 ,g4 ,rawl9son1 ,esq4 0 ,,iii4 ,pet]bor\gh ,ca!dral f ! ,nor?4 ,f ! ,collection ( ,w4 ,g4 ,rawl9son1 ,esq4 0 ,,iv4 ,! ,p5t1 ,dov]4 ,f ! ,collection ( ,w4 ,g4 ,rawl9son1 ,esq4 0 ,v4 ,di/ant ,view ( ,li*field ,ca!dral4 ,f ! ,collection ( ,w4 ,g4 ,rawl9son1 ,esq4 0 ,,vi4 ,ed9burgh3 f ,/4 ,m>g>et's ,lo*4 ,9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london4 0 ,,vii4 ,/oneh5ge--,sunset4 ,f ! ,collection ( ,w4 ,g4 ,rawl9son1 ,esq4 0 ,,viii4 ,sc>bor\gh4 ,f ! ,collection ( ,c4 ,morl& ,agnew1 ,esq4 0 ,,ix4 ,lulwor? ,cove4 ,f ! ,collection ( ,w4 ,g4 ,rawl9son1 ,esq4 0 ,x4 ,go>haus5 & ,katz ,ca/le4 ,f ! ,collection ( ,w4 ,g4 ,rawl9son1 ,esq4 0 ,,xi4 ,! ,lake ( ,nemi4 ,f ! ,collection ( ,c4 ,morl& ,agnew1 ,esq4 0 ,,xii4 ,tur93 f ! ,*ur* ( ! ,sup]ga4 ,f ! ,collection ( ,c4 ,morl& ,agnew1 ,esq4 0 ,,xiii4 ,! ,crook ( ! ,lune4 ,f ! ,collection ( ,rev4 ,william ,mac,gregor4 0 ,,xiv4 ,norham ,ca/le4 ,9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london4 0 ,,xv4 ,launce/on4 ,f ! ,collection ( ,j4,f4 ,s*wann1 ,esq4 0 ,,xvi4 ,b>n>d ,ca/le4 ,f ! ,collection ( ,w4,g4 ,rawl9son1 ,esq4 0 ,,xvii4 ,on ! ,lake at ,petwor?--,ev5+4 ,9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london4 0 ,,xviii4 ,c[es4 ,f ! ,collection ( ,w4 ,yates1 ,esq4 0 ,,xix4 ,v5ice3 ,! ,salute f ,s4 ,giorgio ,maggiore4 ,national ,gall]y1 ,london4 0 ,,xx4 ,v5ice3 ,casa ,grimani & ! ,rialto4 ,9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london4 0 ,,xxi4 ,luc]ne4 ,9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london4 0 ,,xxii4 ,a ,swiss ,lake4 ,f ! ,collection ( ,sir ,hickman ,bacon1 ,b>t4 0 ,,xxiii4 ,bell9zona3 f ! ,s\?4 ,9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london4 0 ,,xxiv4 ,bell9zona3 f ! road to ,loc>no4 ,9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london4 0 ,,xxv4 ,lausanne3 f ,le ,signal4 ,f ! ,collection ( ,w4,g4 ,rawl9son1 ,esq4 0 ,,xxvi4 ,lausanne4 ,9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london4 0 ,,xxvii4 ,zuri*4 ,9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london4 0 ,,xxviii4 ,! ,seelisb]g3 ,moonlight4 ,f ! ,collection ( ,w4,g4 ,rawl9son1 ,esq4 0 ,,xxix4 ,s*affhaus53 ,! ,t[n4 ,f ! ,collection ( ,ralph ,brocklebank1 ,esq4 0 ,,xxx4 ,tell's ,*apel1 ,fluel54 ,f ! ,collection ( ,w4,g4 ,rawl9son1 ,esq4 ,a ,,=eword ,,by ,,sir ,,*>les ,,holroyd1 ,r4,e4 ,i am p>ticul>ly glad to write a =eword to ?is collection ( reproductions ( wat]-col\rs by ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turn]1 z !y are p]haps ! be/ r5d]+s ( ! beautiful orig9als t ,i h yet se54 ,! m reproductions we c h ( ! ma/]'s draw+s ! m w x be possible to /udy prop]ly 8 great message1 & ! m w 8 g5ius be recognis$4 ,i w\ld l to see ev]yone ( 8 n9ete5 ?\s& wat]-col\r sket*es & lead-p5cil draw+s reproduc$1 s t we c\ld all hold !m 9 our h&s & c>ry !m ab\t ) u2 = 9 !m !re is an unfail+ beauty ( composition1 & a glori\s tru? ( effect & ( detail1 by :i* ,turn] manag$ to make complete pictures out ( ev5 ! fewe/ t\*es4 ,no "o realises ,turn]'s full g5ius till he /udies ^! draw+s1 (t5 made 9 ! v pres5ce ( nature4 ,!y tea* u to look at h] ) a new & see+ eye4 ,_! absolute tru? has h>dly yet be5 fully recognis$4 ,i h _h ! =tune to c>ry reproductions ( ^! draw+s ) me 9 ,:>f$ale & 9 ,v5ice1 & ,i h comp>$ !m t\* = t\* ) nature4 ,(t5 & (t5 h ,i be5 able to see ! mean+ ( :at appe>s a c>eless scrat* or ev5 an accid5tal wriggle1 only :5 ! actual sc5e 0 be=e me4 ,!y are mo/ly drawn f "o exact spot1 z may be se5 by ! cross+ ( ! bran*es ( ! trees1 al?\gh ^! are n[ s _m ye>s old]1 & ! fold+ ( ! hills4 ,x 0 9 ! sev5ties t ,i fir/ made ^! comp>isons 9 ,:>f$ale & ,i /ill rememb] my delight at recognis+ ! gn>l$ m>k+s on ?ree a% trees a little bel[ ,bolton ,abbey2 ! angle ( _! gr[? =m+ a r\gh lett] ,n 0 id5tical al?\gh !y 7 m]e sapl+s 9 ,turn]'s draw+1 & ev5 ! brok5 bank ( ! riv] 0 /ill ! same1 all ! w9t] floods ( v>iable ,:>fe n hav+ wa%$ away nature's tru? to ,turn]'s draw+4 ,my exp]i5ces 9 ,v5ice are simil>4 ,) ! reproduction 9 my h& ,i c\ld say t ,turn] drew a p>ticul> sc5e f a p>ticul> flag/one on ! quay1 or piazza4 ,! l9es ( ! h\ses on bo? sides ( ! canal cut "o ano!r 9 ! exact way !y did 9 ,turn]'s sket*es only f "o p>ticul> spot1 b f !re ! :ole sc5e 0 complete exactly4 ,_m subjects 7 sket*$ f ! middle ( ! canal & ow+ to ! movem5t ( ! wat] x 0 n easy to comp>e exactly ! reproductions ) ! sc5es 9 nature4 ,curi\sly ne>ly all ^! sc5es f ! canal 7 tak5 f ! traghettos1 or f]ries1 ( :i* !re are sev]al up & d[n ! ,gr& ,canal1 :]e gondolas wait = hire1 ti$ to _! po/s1 some:at z cabs /& 9 _! ranks 9 our /reets4 ,x is possible t ,turn] 9 8 economy made use ( ^! wait+ gondolas by giv+ ! gondoli] a palanca = p]mission to sit 9 a gondola :il/ x 0 ?us at re/4 ,x 0 an ideal place = work+ f 9 8 day1 = no 8p5ny /eamboats0 !n spla%$ up & d[n ! canal mak+ ?+s rock 9 _! wake1 b peace reign$ 9 ! reflections ( ! palaces4 ,only v few ( ! draw+s ( :i* ,i _h reproductions w5t unrecognis$2 "o 0 a view f high up1 probably f "s room 9 ! mona/]y ( ,san ,giorgio1 & o!rs all conta9$ a view ( a tall t[]1 :i*1 f ! neighb\r+ build+s1 ought to h be5 ! ,campanile ( ,san ,m>co4 ,b ! t[] 9 ! draw+s _h an extra cornice on ! slope ( ! pyramidal top1 ) supports bel[1 :i* ,i c\ld 9 no wise reconcile ) nature & :i* puzzl$ me = "s "t1 9 fact until ,i saw ! re/oration begun on ! t[] ( ,san ,giorgio4 ,!n ,i f\nd t ! extra cornice & supports 7 a peculi> & +5i\s =m ( scaffold+1 us$ = ! plac+ ( new tiles on ! /eep slope ( ! pyramidal top--& sure en\gh :5 ,i got back to ,london & look$ at ! orig9al draw+ ) a glass1 ! t\*es ( wat]-col\r indicat$ ! scaffold+ q pla9ly1 & a wond]ful small spla% ( col\r enabl$ "o to realise ! angel on ! top1 w+s & all4 ,i f\nd1 too1 t all draw+s1 9 :i* ! ,campanile appe>$1 done by ,turn] dur+ t visit1 gave ! re/oration works q pla9ly1 ev5 :5 ! t[] 0 se5 f a long way (f4 ,! beauty ( ! t\*es 9 ,turn]'s draw+s f nature c only be fully appreciat$ :5 ! draw+1 or a reproduction ( x1 is comp>$ ) ! actual subject1 = e b5d & movem5t ( ! supple bru% means some?+4 ,x is n possible to convey ! draw+s all ov] ,turn]'s f>-/ret*+ w&]+s1 b1 if only we _h good reproductions ( !m all1 :at a pleasure we %\ld all h1 & h[ mu* we %\ld le>n to appreciate 8 greatness4 ,i %\ld l to see1 z ,i h said1 e fragm5t be=e ! public4 ,x is practically ! only way ( us+ our great legacy fully4 ,! orig9al draw+s are p]i%able ?+s1 & mu/ n always be 9 ! light2 _m h fad$ already1 let u reproduce !m :ile we may4 ,! slight] sket*es reproduce be/1 z may be se5 9 ?is book4 ,su* draw+s z ! ,ed9burgh f ,/4 ,m>g>et's ,lo*1 ab\t #ahja 7,plate ,,vi471 = example4 ,note1 too1 ! spl5did sket* ( ,b>n>d ,ca/le1 ab\t #ahbg 7,plate ,,xvi472 h[ well x comes1 we c almo/ see ! bru%-m>ks draw ! =ms ( ! foliage1 & ! way ,turn] has us$ ! wat]2 !y are p]fect 9 _! way4 ,:5 ,turn] work$ up a draw+ x became l a lovely fl[] ) a delicate bloom ^u its inf9ite di/ances1 z 9 ! ,lake ( ,nemi1 ab\t #ahah 7,plate ,,xi471 & ! ,crook ( ! ,lune 7,plate ,,xiii472 !y are l a glox9ia or an auricula4 ,?is curi\s beauty ( !irs 0 (t5 obta9$1 z x appe>s to me1 by alt]ations 9 ! surface ( ! pap] & by col\r left 9 ! gra9 ( ! pap] aft] wa%+ out or rubb+ d[n a tone--x alt]s :5 ! light+ ( ! draw+ is alt]$1 & its *angeabl5ess is "p ( its beauty4 ,i %\ld l to see reproductions ( ! sket* books1 made page by page & b\nd 9 simil> b9d+s to ! orig9als1 :]e ^! exi/4 ,mr4 ,f9b]g has lately put "s ( ^! books toge!r aga9--"s draw+s hav+ be5 remov$ f ! books = exhibition--= purposes ( ! v useful inv5tory ( our ,turn] draw+s t he is s c>efully mak+ = ! ,tru/ees ( ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,! books are mu* m int]e/+ :5 se5 toge!r4 ,i rememb] "o :i* ,turn] _h ) him 9 ! ,lake ,di/rict & y c\ld trace 8 it9]>y by turn+ ov] ! pages4 ,he evid5tly left ,keswick 9 ! morn+ & drew two or ?ree views ( ,lodore & ! end ( ! ,lake ( ,d]w5twat]1 ! hills gett+ bigg] z he comes ne>] to !m2 famili> views ( ,ca/le ,cragg & ! riv] come next1 & to me "s mo/ int]e/+ views ( t wide-spread+ m\nta9 ,gl>am>a1 "s ( !m f unfamili> po9ts ( view2 b ,i 0 able to recognise !m because ,i h /ay$ = a mon? at a "t 9 f>mh\ses on ! l[] slopes1 & ,i h explor$ t beautiful m\nta9's inmo/ caves4 ,aft] ?is ,honi/] ,crag & ,butt]m]e appe> 9 due c\rse4 ,h[ int]e/+ x w\ld be to h reproductions ( su* books & foll[ ! track ( ! ma/] page by page4 ,h[ we %\ld le>n to "k him & to see famili> sc5es ) 8 eye4 ,we %\ld f9d t exagg]ation 0 n ! "* ( 8 l&scape draw+1 :5 he 0 work+ f nature1 b insight into ! =ms4 ,8 effects ( extra height c g5]ally be got by sitt+ l[ on ! gr\nd or ev5 "r 9 a dit*4 ,f 8 draw+s1 f ^? 9 ?is book ( reproductions1 we le>n aga9 a =gott5 tru?4 ,f9e draw+1 =m1 is ! ess5tial 9 our art2 great & noble col\ri/ z ,turn] 01 we h _h o!r f9e col\ri/s 9 ! ,briti% s*ool ( wat]-col\r pa9t+1 b x is j 9 8 draw+ & 8 s5se ( ! beauty & significance ( l9e t he is supreme4 ,z ,titian 9 ,v5ice excell$ ! great col\ri/s ( 8 "t1 su* z ,bonifazio & ,p>is ,bordone1 s by 8 draw+ & s5se ( =m ,turn] excell$ z a draughtsman ev5 m ?an z a col\ri/4 ,,*>les ,,holroyd4 ,,! ,,wat]-,,col\r ,,draw+s ,,( ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,,turn]1 ,r4,a4 ,,by ,w4 ,g4 ,,rawl9son4 ,:at makes ,turn]'s wat]-col\r draw+s s pr(\ndly int]e/+--ap>t f _! extraord9>y & endur+ attractiv5ess--is ! fact t 9 !m lies be=e y1 pla9ly visible1 ! :ole c\rse & developm5t ( 8 art4 ,& ! cont9u\sness & regul>ity ( t developm5t are rem>kable4 ,!re are no pauses1 no gaps1 h>dly a table-l&2 only "o /eady1 cont9u$ progress4 ,no matt] h[ high a po9t he rea*$1 he 0 nev] cont5t to re/ !re1 b 0 always press+ onw>d to fre% a*ievem5t1 try+ new effects1 *all5g+ new difficulties ev5 d[n to ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life4 ,to anyone famili> ) 8 "w 9 wat]-col\r1 x is g5]ally easy to date 8 draw+s )9 a ye> or two4 ,no d\bt ! gr[? ( 8 art c also be trac$ 9 8 oil pictures1 b ) "s important diff]5ces4 ,9 !m1 ev5 up to middle life1 he 0 con/antly & /rongly influ5c$ by ! "w ( o!r pa9t]s :om he 0 (t5 consci\sly or unconsci\sly rivall+4 ,fir/ ,ri*>d ,wilson1 !n ,van de ,velde & ,bakhuys51 aft]w>ds ,gasp> ,p\ss91 ,claude1 ,cuyp1 ,rembr&t1 ,titian & o!rs1 all 9 turn _h _! effect on him4 ,z a result ( ?is rivalry1 8 oil pictures 7 less spontane\s1 less s9c]e ?an 8 wat]-col\rs4 ,8 lack ( education also unfitt$ him to be ! pa9t] ( ! classical & sacr$ subjects 9 :i* he attempt$ to compete ) ! old ma/]s4 ,no d\bt !re 7 brilliant exceptions--su*1 = example1 z ,m]cury & ,h]se1 ,ulysses d]id+ ,polyphemus1 & o!rs1 b ,i ?9k ,rusk9 0 ju/ifi$ 9 call+ _m ( !m 8nons5se pictures40 ,moreov]1 9 8 oil pa9t+s ,turn] 0 con/antly exp]im5t+--n always successfully--bo? ) 8 mat]ials & 8 me?ods &1 z a consequ5ce1 _m1 especially ^? ( 8 lat] ye>s1 h greatly suff]$ ) "t4 ,b 9 8 wat]-col\rs1 aft] 8 fir/ ye>s or tra9+ & exp]im5t1 he 0 simply & always himself--he 0 ,turn]4 ,paul ,s&by1 ,john ,coz5s1 ,malton1 ,he>ne1 ,de ,l\!rb\rg1 & o!rs ( ! old] wat]-col\r pa9t]s1 all _h _! influ5ce on him1 b 9 no case did x la/ long4 ,! two m5 :o affect$ him mo/ 7 ,coz5s & ,girt91 8 fri5d & fell[ /ud5t1 ( :om m w be said h]eaft]4 ,b by #ahjj1 or at ! late/ #ahjb1 ,turn] _h pass$ all 8 contempor>ies1 & /ood alone1 ! ackn[l$g$ head ( ! ,engli% s*ool ( wat]-col\r pa9t+1 :i* 9 !-fir/ half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury 0 to rea* its z5i?4 ,be=e attempt+ to trace ! c\rse ( 8 art f its simple beg9n+s to its glori\s close1 a few brief words may be desirable z to 8 e>ly life & surr\nd+s4 ,born1 x is usually suppos$ 7b by no means kn[n ) c]ta9ty71 9 #agge1 ( humble p>5ts--8 fa!r 0 a b>b] 9 ,maid5 ,lane1 ,/r&--at a q e>ly age he develop$ unusual p[]s ( draw+4 ,! b>b] pr\dly expos$ 8 boy's works 9 8 %op w9d[1 & occasionally sold !m = a %ill+ or two apiece2 he also %[$ !m to 8 cu/om]s1 among/ :om 0 ,?omas ,/o?>d1 ,r4,a41 :o prais$ !m & advis$ him to make an arti/ ( 8 son4 ,x is impossible accurately to trace 8 life be=e #aghi1 :5 he 0 presumably f\rte51 b x is cle> t he _h only "s brief int]vals ( s*ool+1 fir/ at a suburban & !n at a sea-side academy--bo? probably ( ! *eape/ & poore/ middle-class type--9 fact he nev] _h any education wor?y ! "n4 ,he receiv$ lessons 9 draw+1 h[ev]1 f v>i\s tea*]s1 includ+ ,malton & probably ,paul ,s&by1 ,r4,a4 ,at ab\t twelve or ?irte5 ye>s ( age1 he 0 plac$ 9 ! work%op ( ! great mezzot9t engrav]1 ,john ,raphael ,smi?1 :o1 l _m ( 8 craft1 0 also a pr9t deal]4 ,"h ,turn]1 along ) 8 future companion ,girt91 0 *iefly occupi$ 9 col\r+ pr9ts = sale1 b he also le>nt a great deal ab\t engrav+ :i* 0 to /& him 9 good /ead 9 aft] life4 ,aft] possibly ano!r int]val ( s*ool+1 he pass$1 some:]e ab\t 8 f\rte5? ye>1 into ! (fice ( ,mr4 ,h>dwick1 a di/+ui%$ ar*itect1 :o employ$ him 9 draw+ & t9t+ 8elevations10 add+ l&scape backgr\nds to plans1 etc4 ,x 0 "h1 no d\bt1 t he laid ! f\ndation ( ! f9e ar*itectural draughtsman%ip :i* is noticeable 9 8 e>lie/ exhibit$ works & ?r\gh\t 8 life4 ,long be=e he _h ma/]$ trees & foliage he c\ld r5d] accurately ! l9es & /ructure ( a great build+1 z well z its intricacies ( detail1 z1 = example1 9 ! ,we/ ,front ( ,pet]bor\gh ,ca!dral1 :i* he exhibit$ at ! ,royal ,academy a ye> or two lat]4 ,wat]1 also1 seems to h pres5t$ comp>atively little difficulty to him f ! fir/2 ow+ possibly to e>ly /udies at ,br5t=d & ,m>gate1 at bo? or :i* places he 0 at s*ool4 ,v few1 h[ev]1 ( 8 q boyi% draw+s--,i ref] to ^? be=e #agij--;h surviv$1 & ^? few are mo/ly copies ( pr9ts or ( works ( o!r arti/s4 ,"o1 ,folly ,bridge & ,bacon's ,t[]1 ,ox=d 7tak5 f ! head+ ( an ,ox=d ,almanack71 may be se5 9 ! ,national ,gall]y 7,no4 #fac ,n4,g472 ano!r 9 my possession1 ,a ,roadside ,inn--! e>lie/ dat$ "w by him 7#aghf7 kn[n to me--is possibly orig9al1 b m probably copi$ f a draw+ by ,m4 ,a4 ,rook]1 ,a4,r4,a4 ,f ! ar*itect's (fice1 at ! in/igation x is believ$ ( ,mr4 ,h>dwick himself1 ,turn] 9 #aghi became a /ud5t at ! ,royal ,academy1 & may be said to h def9itely tak5 up an arti/'s c>e]4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye>1 #agij1 he s5t 8 fir/ draw+ to ! ,royal ,academy ,exhibition1 !n held 9 ,som]set ,h\se4 ,?is 0 ! ,view ( ! ,ar*bi%op's ,palace1 ,lambe?1 reproduc$ "h 7,plate ,i474 ,= ! "w ( a boy ( fifte51 ! good ar*itectural draw+1 ! admirable r5d]+ ( reflect$ light on ! h\ses1 ! c>eful treatm5t ( ! figures 7! co/umes are q correct = #agij71 & /ill m1 ! effectiv5ess ( ! composition are rem>kable4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no?+ orig9al 9 ! /yle1 :i* is simply t ( ,malton & ,s&by4 ,to ! next ye>'s exhibition 7#agia7 he s5t two draw+s1 "o ( :i*1 ,! ,int]ior ( ,k+ ,john's ,palace1 ,el?am1 is a /rik+ "w1 ( great orig9ality4 ,n only has x ! s\nd ar*itectural draughtsman%ip be=e allud$ to1 b 9 its /rong *i>oscuro1 its r5d]+ ( sunlight break+ ?r\gh ! ru9$ w9d[s & light+ ! gloom1 its s5se ( poetry & my/]y1 x w\ld be cr$itable to any arti/ ( mature age4 ,a curi\s phase 9 ,turn]'s "w ( ! next ye>--#agib--m]its notice4 ,influ5c$ probably by ! pictures ( ,de ,l\!rb\rg1 a ,fr5* pa9t]1 :o _h settl$ 9 ,engl& & _h be5 made an ,r4,a41 ,turn]1 = a few mon?s entirely *ang$ 8 s*eme ( col\r1 adopt+ a curi\s range ( greyi% & purpli% br[ns z 8 prevail+ tone1 9 place ( ! pale greys1 blues1 & neutral t9ts1 :i*1 9 common ) ! o!r wat]-col\r pa9t]s ( ! p]iod1 he _h hi!rto employ$4 ,9 ?is /yle are sev]al draw+s ( ,ri*mond ,p>k1 "o or two ( a fire at ! ,pan!on1 & _m ( ! beautiful sc5]y on ! d[ns beyond ,bri/ol1 :]e1 dur+ 8 e>ly life1 he (t5 /ay$ ) relatives4 ,"o1 ,! ,m\? ( ! ,avon1 is reproduc$ "h 7,plate ,,ii474 ,9 ne>ly all ! ,bri/ol draw+s "o special feature is noticeable4 ,turn] _h evid5tly be5 /ruck by ! unusual spectacle ( ! ma/s & sails ( ! tall ,ea/-,indiam51 :i* 7 daily to be se5 9 full sail "u ! ?ick woods ( ! ,clifton d[ns1 beat+ _! way up ! n>r[ gorge ( ! ,avon to ! port ( ,bri/ol4 ,turn] cont9u$ to exhibit at ! ,royal ,academy 9 #agic & #agid4 ,he sold 8 draw+s readily1 &1 al?\gh ,i _c discov] any public ref]5ces to 8 "w be=e #agif1 he mu/ h attract$ notice1 z 9 #agic he receiv$ a commission--8 fir/--= draw+s = engrav+4 ,! 8,copp]-plate ,magaz9e0 7aft]w>ds kn[n z 8,! ,it9]ant07 0 "o ( _m s]ials !n 9 vogue :i* 7 illu/rat$ by ! wat]-col\r pa9t]s--8draftsm50 !y 7 usually call$--& 9 "o ( its five volumes he is allud$ to z 8! +5i\s ,mr4 ,turn]40 ,he is said to h be5 paid two gu9eas apiece = ^! draw+s1 ) a v small all[ance = travell+ exp5ses1 x be+ /ipulat$ t e subject %\ld be drawn on ! spot4 ,) 8 sl5d] w>drobe & 8 pa9t+ mat]ials on 8 back1 c>ry+ usually also 8 fi%+-rod1 he tramp$ ! c\ntry2 he f\nd 8 way into ,k5t1 across ,wales1 ?r\gh ,%rop%ire & ,*e%ire1 on to ,cumb]l&1 & return$ by ! ,midl&s4 ,a reproduction ( "o ( ! 8,copp]plate ,magaz9e0 draw+s--,pet]bor\gh ,ca!dral f ! ,nor?--w be f\nd "h 7,plate ,,iii474 ,al?\gh on a small scale1 x is typical ( 8 "w ( ?is p]iod1 & x %[s ! /rong influ5ce on him ( 8 contempor>ies1 ,rook]1 ,he>ne1 & ,dayes2 yet !re is always a decid$ individuality ( 8 own4 ,z ! late ,mr4 ,cosmo ,monkh\se,a has well rem>k$ ( ^! e>ly draw+s3-- 8,! great fact 9 comp>+ ,turn] & ! o!r wat]-col\r pa9t]s ( 8 own "t is ?is1 t :ile ea* ( ! be/ ( ! o!rs is rem>kable = "o or two special beauties ( /yle or effect1 he is rem>kable = all4 ,he c\ld rea* ne>1 if n q1 to ! gold5 simplicity ( ,girt91 to ! silv] sweetness ( ,coz5s2 he c\ld draw trees ) ! delicate dext]ity ( ,edridge1 & equal ! beautiful di/ances ( ,glov]4444 ,he 0 n only te*nically ! equal1 if n ! ma/] ( !m all1 b he compreh5d$ !m1 almo/ )\t exception40 ,ab\t ?is "t 7#agic71 ,turn] _h ! good =tune to attract ! notice ( ,dr4 ,monro1 ! lead+ ,physician ( ,be?lehem ,hospital1 :o _h a h\se 9 ! ,adelphi1 & ano!r at ,bu%ey4 ,he 0 a well-kn[n lov] & patron ( wat]-col\r art1 & 0 9 ! habit ( invit+ promis+ "y /ud5ts1 includ+ ,turn]1 ,girt91 ,v>ley1 & o!r aft]w>ds well-kn[n arti/s1 to 8 h\se1 :]e !y 7 giv5 draw+s by ,rembr&t1 ,canaletto1 ,ga9sbor\gh1 & o!r deceas$ ma/]s1 to /udy & copy2 especially also "s rec5t sket*es by ,john ,coz5s1 "o ( ! mo/ poetical ( ,engli% pa9t]s1 :o _h j return$ f ,italy & ,switz]l&1 :]e he _h accompani$ ! millionaire ,beck=d4 ,! influ5ce ( ,coz5s on ,turn] 0 m>k$ & imm$iate1 & ! latt] mu/ h made a v l>ge numb] ( transcripts ( ! eld] pa9t]'s works2 9 fact1 all ! v num]\s e>ly draw+s ( ,italian & ,swiss subjects by ,turn] 9 ,indian ink & blue1 :i* are s frequ5tly to be met )1 are copies f ,coz5s1 z ,turn] did n visit ! ,cont95t until #ahjb2 yet1 z ,i h be=e rem>k$1 all %[ a c]ta9 trans=mation 9 pass+ ?r\gh 8 h&s4 ,dr4 ,monro gave ! lads half-a-cr[n a night & _! supp]1 & kept _! draw+s4 ,! tra9+ 0 an admirable "o = !m1 & :5 ! doctor's collection 0 disp]s$ at 8 dea?1 x did n prove a bad inve/m5t s f> z he 0 conc]n$4 ,mr4 ,h5d]son1 ano!r collector & amateur arti/1 af=d$ ,turn] & 8 companions simil> opportunities ( /udy+ & copy+ ! works ( old] pa9t]s4 ,f #agic to #agif ,turn]'s advance 9 p[] 0 /eady4 ,8 subjects 7 v>i$--,engli% & ,wel% ca!drals1 old ca/les1 ru9$ abbeys1 village *ur*es1 c\ntry t[ns1 wat]falls & tr\t /reams--! latt] g5]ally ) a bridge & always ) an angl]4 ,he 0 himself a ke5 fi%]man1 & 8 angl]s' attitudes are always c>efully drawn & at once recognisable4 ,occasionally "s /rik+ atmosph]ic effect1 se5 probably on ! spot1 is introduc$4 ,sometimes ! picture is /rik+ly enhanc$ by ! play ( sunlight1 occasionally by boldly treat$ *i>oscuro4 ,! ar*itecture is inv>iably drawn ) accuracy & ta/e1 bo? z reg>ds p]spective & detail4 ,8 col\r+ 0 a da9ty h>mony ( brok5 t9ts 9 pale blues1 gre5s1 br[ns1 & neutral greys4 ,_m good draw+s ( ?is "t are 9 private collections1 & ! ,pr9t ,room ( ! ,briti% ,museum conta9s "s f9e examples :i* h be5 pres]v$ f light1 & are consequ5tly 9 p]fect1 unfad$ condition--notably ,l9coln & ,worce/] ,ca!drals1 & ,t9t]n ,abbey4 ,mo/ ( ! ,engli% ca!drals 7 drawn by him betwe5 #agic & #agif1 includ+1 9 addition to ! two j nam$1 ,cant]bury1 ,ely1 ,pet]bor\gh1 ,ro*e/]1 ,salisbury1 & ,york2 z well z ,ba?1 ,kirk/all1 ,malmesbury1 ,malv]n1 ,t9t]n1 ,ew5ny1 ,llan?ony1 ,wal?am & _m o!r abbeys1 toge!r ) ca/les innum]able--all 9 ! delicate1 8t9t$ mann]40 ,he also made a l>ge numb] ( /udies ( boats & %ipp+ at ,dov]1 "o ( :i* is reproduc$ "h 7,plate ,,iv474 ,x 0 probably !re & at ,m>gate t he laid ! f\ndation ( ! extraord9>ily accurate k ( ev]y?+ connect$ ) ! sea & %ipp+ :i* di/+ui%$ him all 8 life4 ,8 works ( ?is e>ly p]iod are usually sign$4 ,! e>lie/ signature kn[n to me is ! "o allud$ to on page #e1 8,w4 ,turn]1 #aghf40 ,= ! next few ye>s he sign$ ei!r simply 8,turn]10 or (t5] 8,w4 ,turn]10 occasionally add+ ! date4 ,9 #agii1 :5 he 0 elect$ an ,associate ( ! ,royal ,academy1 he *ang$ to 8,w4 ,turn]1 ,a4,r4,a410 & 9 #ahjb1 on receiv+ ! hon\r ( full memb]%ip1 he became 8,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turn]1 ,r4,a40 ,a few ye>s lat] he 0 appo9t$ ,pr(essor ( ,p]spective to ! ,royal ,academy1 & mu* to ! amusem5t ( 8 fell[ academicians he n[ sometimes add$ 8,p4,p40 ,9 ! works ( 8 lat] life1 x is ! exception to f9d any signature4 ,9 ,turn]'s draw+s ( ?is p]iod1 z 9 ^? ( ! e>ly ,engli% wat]-col\r s*ool g5]ally1 "o is /ruck by a fre%ness1 a simplicity1 a new outlook on nature1 :i* contra/ ) ! works ( ! classical pa9t]s :o s9ce ! dea? ( ,rub5s & ! great ,dut* l&scapi/s--,van ,goy51 ,cuyp1 ,hobbema1 ,van d] ,capelle1 ,de ,kon9ck1 & o!rs--_h = a c5tury or m dom9at$ ,european art4 ,l&scape _h come to be reg>d$ m z a fitt+ backgr\nd to classical /ory1 & al?\gh (t5 /ately1 0 always m or less conv5tional4 ,n[1 ,nature 0 beg9n+ to be /udi$ & pa9t$ = h] own sake4 ,yet ,turn]1 l ,byron1 ?r\gh\t 8 life recognis$ t natural sc5]y alone nev] makes a completely satisfy+ picture--always !re mu/ be "s t\* ( ! human elem5t1 "s sugge/ion ( human pres5ce1 human h&iwork4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is entirely a diff]5t po9t ( view f t ( ! classical pa9t]s4 ,f ! delicate t9ts :i*1 up to #agie-f1 _h *>act]iz$ ! "w ( ,turn]1 9 common ) t ( 8 contempor>ies ( ! ,engli% wat]-col\r s*ool1 he pass$1 almo/ sudd5ly1 9 #agig1 to a l>g] & /rong] /yle & a bold] range ( col\r1 al?\gh ! latt] 0 /ill limit$ z comp>$ ) ! full] tones ( 8 middle & lat] ye>s4 ,at fir/1 9 #agif1 ! pale blues & gre5s 7 simply deep5$ & /rongly acc5t$1 z 0 se5 9 ! sup]b draw+s ( ,sn[don & ,cad] ,idris :i* 7 %[n la/ ye> 7#aijh7 at ! ,franco-,briti% ,exhibition1 & to "s ext5t 9 ! ,di/ant ,view ( ,exet]1 9 ! ,ta?am ,sale ( ! same ye>4 ,soon1 h[ev]1 ^! tones 7 comb9$ & contra/$ ) deep1 ri*1 gold5 br[ns4 ,9 #agig1 #agih1 & #agii1 ,turn] s5t to ! ,royal ,academy ,exhibitions a s]ies ( magnific5t draw+s ( l>ge size1 all %[+ a /rik+ advance 9 range & p[]4 ,eight views ( ,salisbury ,ca!dral pa9t$ = ,sir ,r4 ,colt ,ho>e 7two are 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum71 ! f9e ,crypt ( ,kirk/all ,abbey 7,sloane ,museum71 ! /ill f9] ,w>kwor? 7,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum7 & ! fam\s ,norham ,ca/le 7! late ,mr4 ,laundy ,walt]s71 ) sev]al o!rs1 m>k a new dep>ture 9 8 art4 ,turn] always said t he ow$ 8 success 9 life to ! ,norham ,ca/le4 ,?irty ye>s lat]1 :5 he 0 illu/rat+ ,scott's works1 & 0 ! gue/ ( ,sir ,walt] at ,abbots=d1 walk+ up ,twe$side "o day 9 ! company ( ,cadell ! publi%]1 z !y pass$ ,norham ,turn] took (f 8 hat4 ,on ,cadell ask+ ! reason1 he repli$1 8,t picture made me40 ,probably he consid]$ t x 0 to its influ5ce t he ow$ 8 election z an ,associate ( ! ,royal ,academy 9 #agii1 ! ye> ( its exhibition4 ,"s rec5t writ]s h cont5d$ t ?is great expansion ( ,turn]'s art 0 due to ! influ5ce ( 8 fri5d & companion ,?omas ,girt91 b !y h adduc$ no evid5ce to support t !ory4 ,girt91 x is ne$less to say1 0 a v great pa9t]1 & 8 e>ly dea? 9 #ahjb 0 a sev]e loss to ,engli% art4 ,& no d\bt he & ,turn]1 9 _! con/ant intimacy1 mu/ h cont9ually & consid]ably affect$ ea* o!r--inde$ up to #agie x is (t5 exce$+ly difficult to di/+ui% betwe5 ! two m5's "w4 ,b1 s f> z ,i h be5 able to /udy ,girt9's e>ly draw+s1 ,i _c discov] 9 ^? execut$ be=e #agig--! ye> :i* witness$ ,turn]'s new dep>ture--any ( ! bread? & boldness :i* m>k$ bo? m5 f #agig onw>ds4 ,c]ta9ly no "w ( ,girt9's ( #agif--! ye> previ\s--approa*es 9 =ce ,turn]'s ,sn[don & ,cad] ,idris1 :i* already 9 design if n 9 col\r h]ald 8 all-r\nd expansion ( #agig4 ,nor does ! curr5t op9ion ( t day appe> to support ! view j allud$ to--q ! contr>y4 ,! 8,/4 ,james's ,*ronicle0 ( #agig1 aft] prais+ ,turn]'s ,transept ( ,ew5ny ,priory & ,*oir ( ,salisbury ,ca!dral 9 ! ,royal ,academy ,exhibition ( t ye>1 goes on to rem>k t1 8,mr4 ,girt9's draw+s 9 g5]al appe> to be =m$ 9 ! /yle ( ,turn]40 ,aga91 8,! ,sun0 ( #agii devotes a long p>agraph to ! eulogy ( ,turn]'s ,c>n>von ,ca/le1 conclud+ ) ! rem>k1 8,?is is a draw+ t ,claude might be pr\d to own02 x !n praises ,girt9's ,be?gell]t1 b prefaces its notice ) ! obs]vation 8,we d n rememb] to h se5 ! "n ( ! arti/ be=e ! pres5t ye>4 ,! draw+ is some?+ aft] ! /yle ( ! prec$+ arti/0 ,turn]4 ,r$grave also effectually disposes ( ! "q 9 8,a ,c5tury ( ,pa9t]s10 #ahff1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 page #djb4 ,moreov]1 ,turn]'s great draw+s ( #agig1 #agih & #agii h *>act]i/ics :i* are n at all ^? ( ,girt94 ,already !re is visible some?+ ( t wond]ful delicacy1 t s5se ( my/]y1 ( #8inf9ity1' t indef9able *>m :i* we call #8poetry1' :i* di/+ui%es 8 "w--& especially 8 "w 9 wat]-col\r--f t ( e o!r l&scape pa9t]--"w all ! m rem>kable 9 t x proce$$ f a man born 9 a back lane (f ! ,/r&1 )\t any education wor?y ( ! "n1 & ?r\gh\t 8 life unable to speak or write grammatically--yet )al a man ( /rong intellect1 ke5ly ambiti\s1 a read]1 & a volum9\s writ] ( poetry4 ,"o draw+ only ( ?is p]iod is reproduc$ "h--,di/ant ,view ( ,li*field ,ca!dral 7,plate ,v474 ,x suff]s f ! unavoidable r$uction 9 size1 b x is *>act]i/ic ( ,turn]'s alt]$ /yle4 ,un=tunately x has at "s "t be5 v>ni%$1 probably by ! pa9t] himself1 z h two o!rs equally important1 ( ! same p]iod--,! ,refectory ( ,f\nta9s ,abbey & a replica ( ! ,cad] ,idris--bo? ( :i* are n[ 9 ,am]ica4 ,ga9sbor\gh treat$ sev]al ( 8 draw+s simil>ly1 z did ,girt91 ,v>ley1 ,b>rett & o!rs ( ! e>ly ,engli% s*ool1 _! object be+ av[$ly to rival 9 wat]-col\r ! dep? & ri*ness ( oil pa9t+4 ,b n unfrequ5tly1 z "h 9 ! ,li*field1 ! v>ni% 9 "t dis9tegrates ! col\r+ matt] & produces a curi\s granulat$ look1 n unlike aquat9t4 ,inde$1 ! f9e ,f\nta9s ,abbey j allud$ to 0 sold n _m ye>s ago at a well-kn[n ,london auction room1 z a col\r$ aquat9t1 & fet*$ only #e4 ,aft] ,turn]'s election 9 #agii z an ,associate ( ! ,royal ,academy1 he exhibit$ few] wat]-col\rs & m oil pictures1 al?\gh he 0 cont9ually produc+ draw+s1 mo/ly ( l>ge size & on commission4 ,= ! next few ye>s 8 /yle did n greatly alt]1 al?\gh a /eady gr[? 9 p[] & range is visible4 ,sev]al l>ge views ( ,ed9burgh & its neighb\rhood1 a s]ies ( ,fon?ill commission$ by ,beck=d1 ano!r ( ,*ep/[ execut$ = ! ,e>l ( ,h>ewood1 toge!r ) ! ,wel% ca/les ( ,conway1 ,c>n>von1 ,/4 ,donat's & ,pembroke1 are among ! mo/ important4 ,! ,/oneh5ge reproduc$ "h 7,plate ,,vii47 is probably ! "w ( ab\t #ahjc-ahjd4 ,he made also dur+ ?is p]iod a few draw+s = engrav+1 b1 ) ! exception ( ! well-kn[n ,ox=d ,almanacks1 ^! 7 *iefly on a small scale & gave him b little scope2 nor 0 he =tunate 9 8 engrav]s until 9 ,james ,basire1 ! engrav] to ! ,univ]sity1 he met ) an arti/ ( high] /&+4 ,! ,univ]sity commission$ f ,turn] t5 l>ge draw+s = ! head+s ( ! ,ox=d ,almanacks1 all ( :i* he execut$ betwe5 #agih & #ahjd4 ,!y are pres]v$ 9 ! ,univ]sity ,gall]ies1 & are noticeable alike = _! ar*itectural draughtsman%ip1 _! admirable composition1 & _! g5]al bread? ( treatm5t4 ,ab\t ?is "t1 & also 9 connection ) a commission = engrav+1 he 0 fir/ attract$ to t ,york%ire sc5]y :i* 0 aft]w>ds to h su* an important influ5ce on 8 c>e]4 ,dr4 ,:itak]1 ! ,vic> ( ,:alley1 on ! bord]s ( ,lanca%ire & ,york%ire1 a weal?y & le>n$ antiqu>y1 requir$ "s illu/rations = 8 =?com+ 8,hi/ory ( ! ,p>i% ( ,:alley10 & ,turn] 0 recomm5d$ to him1 x is said by a ,h>rogate booksell]1 z a "y arti/ ( fa/-ris+ reputation4 ,x 0 dur+ ?is visit t he made ! acqua9tance ( ,mr4 ,walt] ,fawkes1 ! squire ( ,f>nley1 ne> ,le$s1 at ^: hospitable mansion1 ,f>nley ,hall1 he 0 %ortly to become a frequ5t & an hon\r$ gue/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is "t t ref]5ce %\ld be made to ! sket*es1 :i* =m su* an important "p ( ! volume ( ,turn]'s "w 9 wat]-col\r4 ,f ! outset ( 8 c>e]1 on e j\rney1 he made copi\s /udies--at fir/ ma9ly 9 p5cil1 b sometimes 9 wat]-col\r & occasionally 9 crayon or oil--( e pa9table spot he visit$1 keep+ usually a sep>ate pocket-book = ea* t\r4 ,! sket*es 7 sometimes rapid1 sometimes elaborate4 ,especially he made notes 9 col\r ( skies1 cl\ds1 wat]1 & any /rik+ atmosph]ic effects :i* he might *ance to see4 ,^! al?\gh (t5 slight1 & usually swiftly execut$1 7 nev]!less s+ul>ly accurate4 ,9 a pocket-book ( #agih ,i f9d tw5ty-five su*1 ) a li/ describ+ ea*3--,twilight1 ,cle>1 ,ra9 ,com+1 ,sunny1 ,crimson$1 ,%[]y1 ,ga!r+ aft] ,fog1 & s on4 ,^! sket*es & /udies he cont9u$ to make & to /ore ?r\gh\t 8 life1 ev5 up to 8 la/ j\rney on ! ,cont95t 9 #ahde4 ,by ! decision ( ! ,c\rt ( ,*anc]y1 at ! end ( a long litigation ov] 8 w1 !y 7 aw>d$--n9ete5 ?\s& 9 all--to be ! prop]ty ( ! nation1 & aft] _m ye>s delay !y are n[ be+ admirably arrang$ & catalogu$ at ! ,national ,gall]y by ,mr4 ,f9b]g1 :o writes on !m "h4 ,x is ne$less to say t to ! /ud5t ( ,turn]'s life "w !y are ( ! utmo/ int]e/ & importance1 & (t5--especially ! lat] ones--( surpass+ beauty4 ,! examples :i* h rec5tly 7#aijh7 be5 plac$ on view 9 ! ,national ,gall]y are mo/ly ( ,turn]'s e>li] p]iods1 b "o or two belong to q ! close ( 8 life2 "s are draw+s ne>ly f9i%$ b disc>d$4 ,9 #ahjb ,turn] visit$ ! ,cont95t = ! fir/ "t4 ,he 0 naturally impress$ ) ,calais1 8 fir/ ,fr5* t[n1 & on 8 return he pa9t$ ! well-kn[n picture ( ,calais ,pi] 7,national ,gall]y71 & ! /ill magnific5t b n[ mu* d>k5$ ,v9tage at ,mcon 7! ,e>l ( ,y>bor\gh74 ,b x 0 9 ,switz]l&1 ,savoy & ,pi$mont t he sp5t mo/ ( 8 "t1 & ! results may be se5 9 ! f9e draw+s ( ,bonneville1 ,*am\nix1 & ! ,lake ( ,g5eva 9 v>i\s collections1 ! ,falls ( ! ,rei*5ba*1 ! ,glaci] & ,s\rce ( ! ,arv]on1 & o!rs at ,f>nley1 & ! sup]b l>ge body-col\r sket*es ( ,! ,devil's ,bridge & ! ,/4 ,go?>d ,pass1 9 ! portfolios ( ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,?ree ( 8 ,swiss draw+s he s5t to ! ,royal ,academy ,exhibition ( #ahjc4 ,f #ahjc to #ahab he 0 cont9ually receiv+ commissions1 bo? = oil pictures & wat]-col\rs1 f influ5tial patrons1 includ+ ! ,e>ls ( ,egremont1 ,essex1 ,lonsdale1 & ,y>bor\gh1 ,sir ,john ,leice/]1 ,sir ,john ,soane1 & o!r weal?y amateurs4 ,9 #ahjg he />t$ 8 well-kn[n ,lib] ,/udiorum 9 rivalry ( ! ,lib] ,v]itatis ( ,claude ,lorra9e1 :i* _h rec5tly be5 successfully reproduc$ 9 engrav+ by ,engli% publi%]s4 ,= ?is he made ab\t a hundr$ draw+s 9 sepia--a col\r he r>ely us$ else:]e--z guides = ! pr(essional engrav]s :om he employ$ on ! "w4 ,ne>ly all ^! draw+s1 :i* are mo/ly slight1 are n[ 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,dur+ ! t5 ye>s betwe5 #ahjc & #ahab1 ,turn]'s /yle 9 wat]-col\r und]w5t a gradual1 b a v consid]able *ange4 ,he left ! d>k blues & deep gold5 br[ns :i*1 z we h se51 m>k$ 8 fir/ dep>ture 9 #agig f ! 8t9t$ mann]0 ( 8 e>ly days1 & he gradually adopt$ a light] & m natural range ( col\r4 ,?is new /yle is be/ se5 9 ! "w ( :at is kn[n z 8 8,york%ire p]iod10 :i* began ab\t #ahji1 & cont9u$1 ) v>i\s developm5ts1 up to ab\t #ahbj4 ,8 subjects 7 at fir/ ma9ly tak5 f ! neighb\rhood ( ! /ately h\se 9 ! beautiful valley ( ! ,:>fe :i* has become a place ( pilgrimage to ,turn] /ud5ts f all p>ts ( ! _w--,i ref]1 ( c\rse1 to ,f>nley ,hall4 ,its !n own]1 ,mr4 ,walt] ,fawkes1 0 up to 8 dea? a k9d fri5d & lib]al patron ( ! pa9t]1 :o 0 a frequ5t visitor at ! h\se1 & reta9$ ! fri5d%ip ( ! family d[n to 8 late/ ye>s4 ,f>nley ,hall is /ill fill$ ) draw+s by ,turn] ( its surr\nd+s1 ! neighb\r+ ,:>f$ale1 important ,swiss & o!r =eign l&scapes1 illu/rations to ,scott's & ,byron's ,poems1 /udies ( birds1 fi%1 etc4 ,x also conta9s "s important oil pictures by him4 ,to "o s]ies ( wat]-col\rs--! 8,rh9e ,sket*es0--,i %all h occasion to ref] lat]4 ,rusk9 admirably describes ! *>act]i/ics ( ^! #8,york%ire draw+s' 78,mod]n ,pa9t]s10 ,vol4 ,i41 pp4 #abd1 #abe73-- 8,( all 8 ,turn]'s draw+s1 ,i ?9k ^? ( ! ,york%ire s]ies h ! mo/ he>t 9 !m1 ! mo/ affectionate1 simple1 unwe>i$ s]i\s f9i%+s ( tru?4 ,!re is 9 !m little seek+ aft] effect1 b a /rong love ( place2 little exhibition ( ! arti/'s own p[]s or peculi>ities1 b int5se appreciation ( ! smalle/ local m9uti4 ,^! draw+s h1 un=tunately1 *ang$ h&s frequ5tly1 & h be5 abus$ & ill-treat$ by picture-deal]s & clean]s2 ! great] numb] are n[ m]e wrecks4 ,i "n !m n z in/ances1 b pro(s ( ! arti/'s /udy 9 ?is di/rict2 = ! affection to :i* !y owe _! orig9 mu/ h be5 gr\nd$ long ye>s be=e4444 8,x is1 ,i believe1 to ^! broad1 wood$ /eeps & swells ( ! ,york%ire d[ns t we1 9 "p1 owe ! s+ul> massiv5ess t prevails 9 ,turn]'s m\nta9 draw+1 & gives x "o ( its *ief elem5ts ( gr&eur4444 ,i am 9 ! habit ( look+ to ! ,york%ire draw+s z indicat+ "o ( ! culm9at+ po9ts ( ,turn]'s c>e]4 ,9 ^! he atta9$ ! highe/ degree ( :at he _h up to t "t attempt$1 namely1 f9i% & quantity ( =m1 unit$ ) expression ( atmosph]e1 & light )\t col\r4 ,8 e>ly draw+s are s+ul>ly in/ructive 9 ?is def9it5ess & simplicity ( aim40 444 8,turn] evid5tly felt t ! claims ^u 8 reg>d possess$ by ^? places :i* fir/ _h op5$ to him ! joy & ! lab\r ( 8 life c\ld nev] be sup]s$$4 ,no alp9e cl\d c\ld efface1 no ,italian sun%9e out%9e ! memories ( ! pleasant days ( ,rokeby & ,bolton2 & _m a simple promontory dim ) s\!rn olive1 _m a lone cliff t /oop$ unnotic$ ov] "s ali5 wave1 0 record$ by him ) a love & delicate c>e t 7 ! %ad[s ( old ?\ghts & long-lo/ delights1 ^: *>m yet hung l morn+ mi/ above ! *ant+ waves ( ,:>fe & ,greta40 ,f #ahji to #ahbj1 ,turn]'s p[]s 7 rapidly develop+1 & he 0 produc+ _m important oil pictures1 "s ( :i*--,! ,fro/y ,morn+1 ,cross+ ! ,brook1 ,som] ,hill1 ,walton ,bridges & ,raby ,ca/le--71 p]haps1 among ! f9e/ ( 8 :ole life4 ,he 0 also busy ) draw+s = engrav+--*iefly = book illu/rations1 & probably = ?is reason he seems to h execut$ comp>atively few wat]-col\rs = commissions or = sale4 ,"o1 h[ev]1 ! magnific5t ,*ryses 7,mrs4 ,t4 ,a%ton71 :i* he s5t to ! ,royal ,academy 9 #ahaa1 calls = notice4 ,x is a l>ge1 impressive "w1 closely resembl+ 9 design ! ,glaucus & ,scylla ( ! ,lib] ,/udiorum1 b on a broad] & nobl] scale2 ! col\r-s*eme int]m$iate betwe5 t ( 8 e>ly & 8 middle "t4 ,:at is s rem>kable is its extraord9>y ,greek feel+4 ,col\r ap>t1 x at once recalls ! sc5]y & ! s5tim5t ( ! ,greek ,isl&s1 al?\gh ,turn] nev] 9 8 life saw !m4 ,_m w rememb] ! effect :i* ! draw+ produc$ 9 ! ,w9t] ,exhibition ( #ahhg at ,burl+ton ,h\se4 ,mr4 ,morl& ,agnew's beautiful ,sc>bor\gh1 reproduc$ "h 7,plate ,,viii471 also belongs to ?is p]iod4 ,"o ( ,turn]'s e>lie/ s]ies ( book illu/rations 0 8 8,s\!rn ,coa/ ( ,engl&10 :i* he began ab\t #ahab & cont9u$ to #ahbf4 ,he agre$ ) ,w4 ,b4 ,cooke1 a f9e l9e-engrav] & an ent]pris+ publi%]1 to supply =ty draw+s ( views along ! coa/1 f ! ,nore on ! ea/ to ! ,bri/ol ,*annel on ! we/2 _m o!r lead+ wat]-col\r arti/s ( ! day--,de ,w9t1 ,cl5nell1 ,pr\t1 & o!rs--be+ also contributors4 ,turn] 0 to receive sev5 & a half gu9eas apiece = ! draw+s1 :i* 7 ( small size2 b al?\gh ?is price 0 soon rais$ to t51 & lat] to twelve gu9eas1 he became dissatisfi$1 & broke ) ,cooke1 :o1 h[ev]1 judg+ f ! correspond5ce1 appe>s to h treat$ him fairly4 ,he _h1 moreov]1 giv5 him _m o!r commissions = draw+s & _h held exhibitions ( ^!1 & ! engrav+s f !m1 at 8 rooms 9 ,soho ,squ>e4 ,! ,s\!rn ,coa/ draw+s are elaborate1 highly f9i%$1 & 9 a r w>m] tone ( col\r ?an hi!rto4 ,_m are extremely beautiful1 b 9 "s !re is visible t cr[d+ ( lights & =egr\nd figures1 :i* f ?is "t onw>ds is n unfrequ5t 9 ,turn]'s "w4 ,! majority ( ! draw+s are n[1 alas1 s fad$ z to give b little idea ( _! pri/9e beauty4 ,:at !y all 7 l orig9ally1 may /ill be se5 9 ! beautiful ,clovelly ,bay 9 ! ,national ,gall]y ( ,irel& 7,vaughan ,beque/71 & 9 ! ,lulwor? ,cove reproduc$ "h 7,plate ,,ix474 ,ab\t ! same "t1 ,turn] made a f9e s]ies ( draw+s1 all on a l>ge scale1 ( ! beautiful c\ntry :i* lies inl& among ! hills1 betwe5 ,ha/+s & ,tunbridge ,wells4 ,^! 7 commissions f a well-kn[n & ecc5tric ,m4,p41 8,jack ,full]10 ^: c\ntry-seat 8,rose ,hall0 7n[ kn[n z 8,brightl+ ,p>k07 lies 9 ! he>t ( t neighb\rhood4 ,f\r 7 effectively engrav$ z col\r$ aquat9ts1 b 7 nev] publi%$2 ! re/ 7 reproduc$ z ,l9e ,engrav+s 9 ! 8,views ( ,ha/+s & its ,vic9ity0 7aft]w>ds call$ 8,views 9 ,sussex071 publi%$ a few ye>s lat]4 ,! s]ies rema9$ = a long "t unbrok51 b x 0 disp]s$ at ,*ri/ie's la/ ye> 7#aijh74 ,all ! 8,sussex0 draw+s 7 ( ! highe/ quality1 sob] 9 col\r & treatm5t1 z befitt$ ! "* ( ! sc5]y1 b ! majority h be5 badly fad$ by long ye>s ( exposure to sunlight4 ,some:at simil> 9 "* to ! 8,s\!rn ,coa/0 draw+s1 b a little lat] & ev5 m highly f9i%$1 is a s]ies :i* ,turn] made 9 #ahah-ahai f cam]a obscura sket*es by ,hakewill1 an ar*itect1 to illu/rate ! latt]'s 8,picturesque ,t\r 9 ,italy10 publi%$ 9 #ahbj4 ,rusk91 :o possess$ _m ( ^!1 rank$ !m v highly & frequ5tly alludes to !m 9 8,mod]n ,pa9t]s0 & else:]e4 ,9 ! 8,notes on 8 ,draw+s by ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turn]1 ,r4,a41 #ahgh10 8 la/ important "w on art1 he describes !m 7p4 #bb7 z 8a s]ies :i* expresses ! m9d ( ,turn] 9 its consummate p[]1 b n yet 9 its wide/ range4 ,ord]+ to himself /ill ! same limits 9 me?od & aim1 he rea*es "u ^! conditions ! summit ( excell5ce1 & ( all ^! draw+s !re is b "o criticism possible--!y #8_c be bett] done'40 ,by ! k9dness ( ,mr4 ,morl& ,agnew1 two ( ! 8,hakewill0 s]ies1 ,! ,lake ( ,nemi 7,plate ,,xi47 & ,tur9 f ! ,sup]ga 7,plate ,,xii471 are reproduc$ "h4 ,9 #ahag or #ahah ,turn] began ! draw+s :i* 7 to illu/rate "o ( 8 mo/ fam\s works1 ! sumptu\s 8,hi/ory ( ,ri*mond%ire10 :i* /ill admitt$ly rema9s ! f9e/ topographical book ev] publi%$4 ,! subjects--:i* 7 *os5 = ,turn] by a local committee ( g5tlem5--7 all tak5 f t romantic di/rict 9 ! ,nor? ,rid+ ( ,york%ire1 on ! bord]s ( ,lanca%ire & ,we/morl&1 ( :i* ! t[n ( ,ri*mond is ! c5tre4 ,! "w 0 to be ! magnum opus ( ,dr4 ,:itak] ^: e>li] ,hi/ories ( ,:alley & ,crav5 _h also be5 illu/rat$ by ,turn]1 & 8 publi%]s1 ,messrs4 ,longman1 sp>$ nei!r pa9s nor exp5se 9 its production4 ,turn] 0 paid tw5ty-five gu9eas ea*--!n 8 usual price--= ! draw+s1 :i* are n[ wor? f "o to ?ree ?\s& gu9eas apiece4 ,al?\gh simple 9 /yle & 9 col\r+ z comp>$ ) ! "w ( 8 lat] ye>s1 !y h pre-em95tly ! *>m ( ! #8,york%ire p]iod' already allud$ to4 ,! f9e/ ( ! s]ies1 ,! ,crook ( ! ,lune1 is1 by ! c\rtesy ( its own]1 ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,mac,gregor1 reproduc$ "h 7,plate ,,xiii474 ,! necess>y r$uction 9 size makes x difficult fully to appreciate ! great beauty ( ?is draw+1 :i* ,i reg>d z "o ( ! mo/ consummate works ( ,turn]4 ,al?\gh x mu/ h be51 "o w\ld imag9e1 a mo/ intricate & difficult subject = a pa9t]1 & not)/&+ t he has treat$ x ) extraord9>y m9ut5ess ( detail--y c f9d at lea/ tw5ty diff]5t walks 9 x--yet all ?is weal? ( exquisite detail is p]fectly subord9at$ to ! unity & h>mony ( ! composition z a :ole4 ,! o!r 8,ri*mond%ire0 draw+s are scatt]$ 9 v>i\s collections2 _m1 alas1 are sadly fad$ f con/ant exposure to light1 notably ! ,hornby ,ca/le1 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 :i* has become a complete wreck4 ,may ,i be p]mitt$ "h to draw att5tion to ! fact--app>5tly little kn[n1 b none ! less true--t1 ) ! exception ( "s ( ! d>k] e>ly works1 no ,turn] draw+ c be cont9u\sly expos$ unprotect$ to light1 )\t its ru9 be+ ev5tually only a "q ( "t4 ,! m delicate--! m 8,turn]esque0 x is--! quick] w t ru9 be accompli%$4 ,usually ! fad+ is s gradual t x is unnotic$ by ! own]1 b x is c]ta91 &1 x ne$ n be add$1 ! depreciation 9 value is equally c]ta94 ,i w\ld ref] anyone :o ?9ks ?is an ov]-/atem5t to ! ,blue ,book on ! subject1 publi%$ 9 #ahhh 7,report ( ! ,sci5ce & ,art ,dep>tm5t on ! ,action ( ,light on ,wat]-,col\rs4 ,h4,m4 ,/ation]y ,(fice1 #ahhh74 ,sev]al /rik+ object lessons ( ! effect ( exposure may also be se5 at ! ,national ,gall]y 9 ,turn] draw+s :i* h be5 return$ aft] exhibition 9 prov9cial ,gall]ies4 ,up to ab\t #ahcj1 ,turn]'s f9i%$ draw+s 7 ma9ly 9 transp>5t wat]-col\r1 b f a q e>ly p]iod he employ$ body-col\r 9 8 sket*es1 especially :5ev] spe$ 0 necess>y4 8,body-col\r10 x ne$ h>dly be said1 is ord9>y pa9t mix$ ) ,*9ese :ite or "s o!r opaque :ite sub/ance 9 place ( wat]1 & is frequ5tly us$ on a grey or neutral col\r$ pap]1 by :i* means ! "w is mu* m rapid4 ,he _h rec\rse to t me?od on "o memorable occasion4 ,9 #ahag he w5t = a ?ree weeks' t\r 9 ! ,rh9e di/rict1 & dur+ t "t produc$ no less ?an fifty draw+s ( fair size1 i4e41 at ! rate ( ab\t ?ree a day4 ,he fir/ /a9$ ! pap] a uni=m blui%-grey1 :i*1 al?\gh itself sombre 9 tone1 effectively %[s up ! body-col\r "w1 & mu/ h effect$ an imm5se economy ( "t z comp>$ ) ord9>y transp>5t col\r4 ,:5 he return$ to ,engl& he took ! draw+s 9 a roll /raight to ,f>nley ,hall1 & ,mr4 ,fawkes1 to 8 delight1 b\ght !m at once = #ejj4 ,= a long "t !y rema9$ 9 a portfolio unbrok51 "o ( ! treasures ( ! h\se1 b a few ye>s ago "s 7 disp]s$ at ,*ri/ie's4 ,"o ( ^!1 ,go>haus5 & ,katz ,ca/le1 is reproduc$ "h 7,plate ,x474 ,9 #ahah ,turn] w5t ,nor? to make draw+s = 8,! ,prov9cial ,antiquities ( ,scotl&10 an important illu/rat$ "w 9 :i* ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 !n 9 ! height ( 8 ,wav]ley fame1 0 ke5ly int]e/$1 & = :i* he 0 gratuit\sly writ+ ! lett]press4 ,sir ,walt] wi%$ ! illu/rations to be giv5 to a fell[ ,scotsman1 ! ,rev4 ,john ,?omson1 ( ,dudd+/on1 an able l&scape pa9t]1 b ! publi%]s insi/$ t ,turn]'s 0 ! "n 9 vogue ) ! public1 & ! "w 0 accord+ly divid$4 ,! draw+s1 :i* are all highly f9i%$ & ( f9e quality1 are entirely ( ,l[l& sc5]y1 includ+ ,bo?well1 ,cri*ton1 & ,roslyn ca/les1 ?ree or f\r ,ed9burgh subjects--"o1 ,ed9burgh f ! ,calton ,hill1 v /rik+--& ! seaside =tresses ( ,tantallon & ,dunb>4 ,!y 7 aft]w>ds pres5t$ by ! publi%]s to ,sir ,walt] 9 recognition ( 8 s]vices 9 ensur+ ! success ( ! book1 & !y rema9$ at ,abbots=d until q rec5t ye>s4 ,9 #ahai ,turn] paid 8 fir/ visit to ,rome1 & rema9$ !re "s "t1 go+ a good deal into ,engli% society at ! ,embassy & else:]e4 ,he pa9t$ a few oil pictures1 b n _m wat]-col\rs2 among ! mo/ int]e/+ is a f9e s]ies ( /udies 9 ! ,campagna1 mo/ ( :i* are 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 7,! 8,hakewill0 draw+s ( ,rome 7 probably all f9i%$ be=e he left ,engl&47 ,8 visit to ,rome w\ld appe> on ! :ole to h unfav\rably affect$ 8 art4 ,8 oil pa9t+s especially1 f ?is "t began to be m & m fanta/ic 9 subject1 florid 9 col\r1 & complicat$ 9 design4 ,no d\bt !re are brilliant exceptions1 su* z ,*ilde ,h>old's ,pilgrimage1 & o!rs1 b ! old simplicity & sobriety _h gone4 ,9 ! wat]-col\rs also ! t5d5cy to 8fox9ess0 & florid col\r is noticeable1 al?\gh n s pron\nc$2 x is visible 9 ! ,campagna sket*es j allud$ to4 ,! *ange 0 soon recognis$ by 8 admir]s4 ,9 #ahbj 7! ye> foll[+71 ,i f9d 9 ! 8,annals ( ! ,f9e ,arts0 ! foll[+ discrim9at+ criticism ( an exhibition ( 8 works :i* 0 held t ye> at ! t[n h\se ( ,mr4 ,fawkes ( ,f>nley3-- 8,turn] appe>s "h 9 8 orig9al spl5d\r & to 8 greate/ advantage4 ,^? :o only "k ! arti/ ( late & f 8 academical works w h>dly believe ! gr&eur1 simplicity & beauty t p]vade 8 be/ works 9 ?is collection4444 ,! e>li] works ( ,turn] be=e he visit$ ,rome & ^? he has done s9ce = ?is collection are l works ( a diff]5t arti/4 ,! =m]1 natural1 simple & effective2 ! latt]1 artificial1 gl>+ & affect$40 ,f #ahbj until ab\t #ahdj1 ap>t f 8 sket*es1 ,turn]'s "w 9 wat]-col\r 0 almo/ entirely = engrav+4 ,?is entail$ a great dem& on 8 "t1 z he inv>iably also sup]vis$ ! execution ( ea* engrav+4 ,pro( aft] pro( _h to be submitt$ to him1 to be return$ by him aga9 & aga91 t\*$1 scrap$1 & drawn ^u = correction1 be=e he w\ld pass x4 ,z he _h an intimate k ( ! engrav]s' te*nical processes & always took pa9s to expla9 to !m 8 reasons = ! alt]ations :i* he requir$1 he gradually educat$ !m to und]/& 8 aims & me?ods1 & s /imulat$ _! ambition1 t ! be/ ( _! plates m>k probably ! highe/ po9t :i* l&scape engrav+ 9 l9e has ev] t\*$4 ,i ref] especially to ^? ( 8,! ,s\!rn ,coa/10 ,rog]s's 8,poems0 & 8,italy10 8,byron's ,works10 8,scott's ,poetical & ,prose ,works10 & 8,picturesque ,views 9 ,engl& & ,wales40 ,9 #ahbd we f9d ,turn] at "w on ! well-kn[n 8,riv]s ( ,engl&10 ! draw+s = :i*1 along ) its companion s]ies 8,! ,ports ( ,engl&10 h = s _m ye>s--too _m1 alas1 = _! welf>e--be5 expos$ = long p]iods & daily copi$ at ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,^! %[ a ri*] & m elaborate col\r-s*eme1 z comp>$ ) ! simpl] "w ( ! 8,york%ire0 p]iod4 ,an example1 ! ,norham ,ca/le 7,no4 ,,xiv471 is giv5 "h4 ,bo? s]ies 7 well reproduc$ 9 mezzot9t on /eel1 :i* metal _h j begun to sup]s$e copp] = engrav+4 ,9 #ahbf he comm5c$ :at 0 to h be5 8 magnum opus 9 l9e engrav+--8 8,picturesque ,views 9 ,engl& & ,wales40 ,9 ?is ill-fat$ "w1 :i* 0 f fir/ to la/ comm]cially a failure1 he propos$ to depict e feature ( ,engli% & ,wel% sc5]y--ca!dral cities1 c\ntry t[ns1 anci5t ca/les1 ru9$ abbeys1 riv]s1 m\nta9s1 moors1 lakes & sea-coa/2 e h\r ( day--dawn1 midday1 sunset1 twilight1 moonlight2 e k9d ( wea!r & atmosph]e4 ,! hundr$ or m draw+s :i* he made = ! "w are mo/ly elaborately f9i%$ & ( high "*4 ,"s are p]haps ov]-elaborat$2 9 "s ! figures are c>elessly & at times disagreeably drawn2 b = imag9ative1 poetical treatm5t1 ma/]ly composition1 & exquisite col\r1 ! be/ are unsurpass$4 ,i h v5tur$ to say else:]e1 t 9 my op9ion !re are at lea/ a doz5 draw+s 9 ! 8,engl& & ,wales0 s]ies any "o ( :i* w\ld alone h be5 suffici5t to h plac$ its au?or 9 ! highe/ rank ( l&scape art4 ,two ( ! s]ies are repres5t$ "h--,mr4 ,s*wann's beautiful ,launce/on 7,plate ,,xv47 is ! e>li] 7#ahbg72 ! /rik+ & v attractive ,c[es 7,plate ,,xviii471 belong+ to ,mr4 ,yates1 is a few ye>s lat]4 ,turn] 0 paid at ! rate ( sixty to sev5ty gu9eas apiece--to-day !y are wor? f "o ?\s& to two ?\s& five hundr$ gu9eas ea*4 ,a new phase 9 8 wat]-col\r art ( #ahcj-ahcf calls = notice1 viz41 8 num]\s small draw+s = vignette illu/rations1 ! fir/ & ! mo/ important ( :i* 7 = ! f>-fam$ plates ( ,rog]s's 8,poems0 & 8,italy40 ,! draw+s = ^! are m>k$ly diff]5t f any ( 8 previ\s "w1 & _m ( !m /rike :at ,i _c b reg>d z an unpleasant note4 ,m>vels ( execution1 delicate1 highly imag9ative1 & poetical 9 feel+ z !y are1 !y are (t5 /rangely =c$ & extravagant 9 col\r4 ,& ?is applies to ne>ly all 8 draw+s = vignettes4 ,probably 8 reason = ?us falsify+ 8 col\r 0 connect$ ) ! =m ( engrav+1 z at ! same "t he 0 produc+ "s ( 8 f9e/ & sane/ "w = ! 8,engl& & ,wales10 8,turn]'s ,annual ,t\rs0 7n[ bett] kn[n z ! 8,riv]s ( ,france07 & o!r engrav+s ( ord9>y 7n vignette7 %ape4 ,:atev] may h be5 8 motive1 x appe>s to me t ow+ to ?is unnatural col\r+1 ! exquisitely engrav$ vignettes !mselves are 9 _m cases f9] ?an ! draw+s = !m4 ,_m1 h[ev]1 ( ! small draw+s ( ?is "t are sup]b1 includ+ sev]al ( ^? on grey pap]4 ,9 ! 8,riv]s ( ,france0 s]ies1 ,jumiges1 ,caudebec1 ,sa9t ,d5is1 ,r\5 f ,/4 ,ca!r9e's ,hill1 & ,! ,light ,t[]s ( ! ,hve 7all 9 ! ,national ,gall]y71 are ma/]pieces1 z are also _m ( ! illu/rations to 8,scott's ,poetical & ,prose ,works40 ,9 ,turn]'s lat] ye>s he frequ5tly did n sell 8 draw+s = engrav+s1 b l5t !m to ! publi%]s1 *>g+ usually five to sev5 gu9eas apiece4 ,he kept _m 9 8 possession up to 8 dea?1 z he did ne>ly ! :ole ( 8 sket*es4 ,"o day he br\ght ! sixty draw+s = ! 8,riv]s ( ,france0 to ,rusk91 roll$ 9 dirty br[n pap]1 (f]+ !m to him = tw5ty-five gu9eas apiece4 ,to ,rusk9's grief he c\ld n induce 8 fa!r to sp5d ! money4 ,9 lat] ye>s he tells u he _h to pay #a1jjj = ! sev5te5 :i* he gave to ,ox=d6 ,a long succession ( books 7 illu/rat$ by ,turn] betwe5 #ahcj & #ahcf1 conta9+ 9 all ne>ly ?ree hundr$ & fifty plates1 mo/ly ( small size4 ,:5 x is rememb]$ t he also closely sup]vis$ ! smalle/ details 9 ! engrav+ ( ea* "o1 & t at ! same "t he 0 engag$ on a numb] ( oil pictures ( ! highe/ importance _m ( :i* 7 f9i%$ & exhibit$1 & o!rs left 9 v>i\s /ages ( completion 7includ+ mo/ ( ^? rec5tly add$ to ! ,tate ,gall]y71 x may be d\bt$ if su* a volume ( "w 0 ev] be=e produc$ 9 six ye>s by any pa9t]4 ,) #ahch1 h[ev]1 8 "w = ! engrav]s practically came to an end4 ,he 0 n[ a ri* man & able to refuse tempt+ (f]s = ! pictures :i* he _h det]m9$ to leave to ! nation2 z = example 8 ,old ,tmraire1 :i* a weal?y ,midl& manufactur] is said to h (f]$ to cov] ) sov]eigns4 ,f #ahch to #ahde1 :5 8 heal? began to fail1 he sp5t an increas+ "t ea* ye> on ! ,cont95t1 & x 0 dur+ ?is p]iod t 8 wat]-col\r art pass$ into :at _m reg>d z its highe/1 z x 0 its late/ phase4 ,i ref] especially to ! magnific5t ,sket*es ( ?is "t1 ! l>ge majority ( :i* are 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,he revisit$ ,v5ice1 :i* _h ca/ h] en*antm5t on him 9 e>li] ye>s1 & he return$ aga9 & aga9 to ! ,lake ( ,luc]ne1 :i*1 aft] ,york%ire1 0 probably1 up to ! la/1 ( all places 9 ! _w ! de>e/ to 8 he>t4 ,x w\ld be difficult to say h[ _m times he drew ! t[n1 ! lake1 ! m\nta9s1 & especially ! ,righi4 ,!re are ! ,r$ ,righi1 ! ,blue ,righi1 ! ,d>k ,righi1 ! ,pale ,righi1 & a hundr$ o!r v]sions--ea* diff]5t1 ea* a #8vision ( delight4' ,he made draw+s also 9 _m neighb\r+ p>ts ( ,switz]l&1 ,pi$mont1 & ,savoy4 ,! sket*es & draw+s ( ?is p]iod h all ! old delicacy1 comb9$ ) a great] bread? ( treatm5t1 & an amaz+ weal? & range ( col\r4 ,sixty ye>s' exp]i5ce _h giv5 ,turn]'s h&--:i* up to ! v la/ reta9$ its extraord9>y delicacy & c]ta9ty--a m>vell\s cunn+4 ,9 _m cases ! draw+s 7 swiftly pa9t$1 9 o!rs c>efully /ippl$ 9 details2 usually ) a dry bru% work$ ov] body-col\r4 ,sir ,hickman ,bacon's beautiful ,swiss ,lake 7,plate ,,xxii471 ,lausanne 7,plate ,,xxv471 ,! ,seelisb]g1 ,moonlight 7,plate ,,xxviii471 ,mr4 ,ralph ,brocklebank's highly f9i%$ ,s*affhaus5 7,plate ,,xxix471 & ,tell's ,*apel1 ,fluel5 7,plate ,,xxx47--:i* ,rusk9 believ$ to be ,turn]'s la/ sket* on ! ,cont95t--along ) mo/ ( ! reproductions f ! ,national ,gall]y1 are examples ( ?is "t4 ,?is la/ phase ( ,turn]'s art 01 h[ev]1 at ! "t nei!r und]/ood nor appreciat$1 probably ow+ l>gely to ! new developm5t :i* _h rec5tly tak5 place 9 8 oil pictures4 ,9 ^! he _h set himself1 9 8 old age1 ! la/ & h>de/ tasks ( 8 life--! pa9t+ ( pure light1 ( swift movem5t1 ( ! tumultu\s1 elem5tal =ces ( ,nature4 ,"s ( ! ,v5ice subjects1 ! m>vell\s ,sn[ ,/orm at ,sea1 & ! ,ra91 ,/eam & ,spe$1 7 entirely misund]/ood & ridicul$4 8,blackwood's ,magaz9e0 l$ ! attack1 & 8,pun*0 & ,?ack]ay add$ _! satire4 ,no d\bt sev]al ( 8 late oil pictures 7 f>-fet*$ 9 subject1 fanta/ic 9 treatm5t1 & ecc5tric 9 col\r4 ,probably1 also1 no "o knew bett] ?an he t he _h n rea*$ ! goal ( 8 ambition2 b he also knew t 8 critics und]/ood 8 aims z little z !y did ! difficulties :i* he _h to enc\nt] 9 /riv+ to rea* !m1 & ! old man felt ! attacks ke5ly4 ,rusk9 tells u t he came "o ev5+ to 8 fa!r's h\se 9 ,d5m>k ,hill1 aft] an especially bitt] onslaught on ! ,sn[ ,/orm at ,sea--,vessel 9 ,di/ress (f ,h>wi*1 ( #ahdb1 :i* ! critics _h describ$ z 8soapsuds & :itewa%40 ,rusk9 he>d him1 sitt+ 9 8 *air by ! fire1 mutt]+ to himself at int]vals 8,soapsuds & :itewa%10 aga9 & aga9 & aga94 8,at la/10 he says1 8,i w5t to him ask+1 #8,:y he m9d$ :at !y said8' ,!n he bur/ out #8,soapsuds & :itewa%6 ,:at w\ld !y h8 ,i wond] :at !y ?9k ! sea's l4 ,i wi% !y'd be5 9 x4'0 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ,turn] _h actually be5 on bo>d ! boat at ! "t la%$ to ! ma/1 at ! risk ( 8 life4 ,nor has ! "w ( 8 lat] ye>s always be5 und]/ood 9 our days4 ,n _m ye>s ago a di/+ui%$ ,g]man oculi/ read a pap] at ! ,royal ,in/itution :i* 0 aft]w>ds publi%$ 9 :i* he endeav\r$ to prove t :at he consid]$ ecc5tricities ( col\r 9 ,turn]'s lat] oil pictures 7 due--n to 8 attempts to pa9t ! unpa9table--b to a s5ile affection ( 8 eyes1 :i* caus$ an unnatural di/ortion ( 8 vision to yell[ 9 ev]y?+4 ,b ,pr(essor ,liebrei* c h>dly h be5 aw>e t al?\gh ! oil pictures ^u :i* he re/$ 8 !ory1 be+ ma9ly attempts to depict objects or sc5]y se5 9 full sunlight1 necess>ily t5d$ t[>ds yell[ z _! prevail+ col\r1 yet at ! v same "t1 & up to 8 dea?1 ,turn] 0 daily produc+ ! sane/1 mo/ delicate1 mo/ ref9$ wat]-col\r draw+s 9 ! pale/ z well z ! deepe/ tones ( e col\r on 8 palette6 ,all ! ,swiss1 ,v5etian & o!r sket*es ( #ahch to #ahde1 :i* are ! cr[n+ glory ( ! ,wat]-,col\r ,rooms 9 ,trafalg> ,squ>e1 7 execut$ dur+ ! p]iod :51 accord+ to ,pr(essor ,liebrei*1 ,turn]'s sight 0 p]man5tly & hopelessly affect$6 ,no d\bt he recognis$ t wat]-col\r 0 unsuit$ z a m$ium = 8 new aim at pa9t+ pure light1 & conf9$ himself accord+ly1 = su* subjects1 to oil pa9t+4 ,! attacks ( ! critics1 h[ev]1 _h _h _! effect on ! public1 & ,turn] 9 8 lat] ye>s began to f9d difficulty 9 sell+ ev5 8 draw+s4 ,rusk91 9 8 8,notes on 8 ,draw+s ,exhibit$ at ! ,f9e ,arts ,society1 #ahgh10 tells ) inimitable *>m & pa?os h[ ! old pa9t]1 return+ 9 ! w9t] ( #ahdb f a t\r 9 ,switz]l&1 br\ght back ) him a s]ies ( important sket*es1 f\rte5 ( :i* he plac$1 z 0 8 cu/om1 9 ! h&s ( ,griffi?s1 8 ag5t1 ) a view to ! latt]'s obta9+ commissions = f9i%$ draw+s ( ea*4 ,al?\gh ! price ask$ = a l>ge f9i%$ draw+ 0 only eighty gu9eas1 & not)/&+ ! great beauty ( ! sket*es1 n9e commissions only c\ld be obta9$4 ,rusk91 8 fa!r1 ,munro ( ,nov>1 & ,bicknell ( ,h]ne ,hill1 all *ose "o or m1 b o!r =m] patrons saw 9 !m :at !y reg>d$ z a new /yle1 & decl9$ !m4 ,?irty ye>s aft]1 ,rusk9--) pride = ,turn]'s sake1 he tells u--sold 8 ,luc]ne ,t[n = a ?\s& gu9eas2 x has s9ce *ang$ h&s at two ?\s&4 ,! ,lake ( ,con/ance1 :i* at ! "t no "o w\ld buy1 0 giv5 to ,griffi?s 9 lieu ( 8 commission2 x fet*$ two ?\s& ?ree hundr$ gu9eas at ,*ri/ie's 9 #aijg6 ,aft] #ahde ,turn]'s heal? gradually fail$2 he cont9u$ to "w at 8 oil pa9t+s up to 8 dea? 9 #ahea1 b1 s f> z is kn[n1 he execut$ comp>atively few wat]-col\r sket*es or draw+s dur+ 8 la/ ye>s4 ,little has hi!rto be5 said z to ,turn]'s te*nique 9 wat]-col\r al?\gh ! subject is "o ( great int]e/1 b1 un=tunately1 my po9t ( view is solely t ( a /ud5t1 & te*nique c only be adequately dealt ) by an arti/4 ,mu* valuable in=mation1 h[ev]1 on ! "q w be f\nd 9 ,r$grave's 8,c5tury ( ,pa9t]s10 ,vol4 ,i41 & 9 ,roget's 8,hi/ory ( ! ,old ,wat]-,col\r ,society40 ,f ! fir/ he 0 a great innovator1 *oos+ 8 mat]ials & (t5 inv5t+ 8 me?ods )\t reg>d to cu/om1 prec$5t1 or any?+ b ! atta9m5t ( ! precise effect :i* he desir$ at ! "t4 ,signs ( scrap+1 sponge+1 ! use ( blott+-pap]1 etc41 are con/antly to be se5 9 8 draw+s4 ,9 "s1 includ+ "o 9 my own possession1 ! m>ks ( 8 ?umb are di/9ctly visible 9 places4 ,b ! result always ju/ifi$ ! means employ$6 ,) 8 oil pictures1 especially ^? pa9t$ aft] #ahcj1 8 exp]im5ts1 z we "k1 7 (t5 disa/r\s 9 _! ultimate effects1 b x is extremely r>e to f9d any ( 8 wat]-col\rs :i* h suff]$ 9 ! smalle/ degree :5 !y h be5 prop]ly kept4 ,b alas1 z has already be5 po9t$ out1 only too _m1 & among/ ^? "s ( ! f9e/1 h be51 & /ill are be+1 irretrievably damag$ & *ang$ by cont9ual exposure to light1 bo? 9 ,public ,gall]ies & on ! walls ( _! own]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! =ego+ pages ,i h endeav\r$ to avoid add+ to ! already suffici5t volume ( #8/hetic criticism' ( ,turn]'s art1 & ,i %all conf9e myself n[ to ! briefe/ summ>y ( :at seem to me ! di/9ctive features ( 8 "w 9 wat]-col\r4 ,:at fir/ /rikes "o 9 8 draw+s1 ap>t f _! te*nical skill1 is _! individuality2 !y always /& out among/ ! "w ( o!r arti/s1 h[ev] great4 ,! *ief cause ( ?is is h>d to def9e1 b ,i %\ld say t x is t !y almo/ inv>iably possess a c]ta9 quality ( imag9ativ5ess1 ( :at is t]m$ #8poetry4' ,no matt] h[ simple 0 8 subject1 he in/9ctively saw x f its mo/ beautiful1 its mo/ romantic side4 ,if x _h little or no beauty or romance ( its own1 he w\ld /ill ?r[ an indef9able *>m r\nd x by "s gleam ( light1 "s veil+ mi/1 "s f>-away di/ance1 "s allur+ s5se ( my/]y1 ( #8inf9ity4' ,& ,turn] 0 a true poet1 al?\gh he _h little en\gh ( ! look or ! mann]s ( "o4 ,?r\gh\t 8 life he 0 a read] & a volum9\s writ] ( poetry1 b 8 want ( education deb>r$ him f ev] express+ himself coh]5tly 9 v]se4 ,! same cause1 toge!r ) 8 lack ( a s5se ( hum\r1 int]f]$ also ) ! p]fect expression ( 8 art1 especially 9 8 classical & religi\s pictures1 & prev5t$ him f see+ :at 0 incongru\s or at times unpleas+ 9 !m4 ,b only a poet deep-d[n c\ld h won z he did f ,nature h] mo/ intimate secrets2 c\ld s h caught & s inimitably h portray$ h] e mood & *>m4 ,& x is ?is impress ( 8 deep love = ! beauty & ! gr&eur ( ,nature--a love z /rong z ,wordswor?'s1 z int5se z ,%elley's--:i* is p]haps ! greate/ cause ( ! endur+ attractiv5ess ( ,turn]'s "w4 ,)\t x1 he w\ld nev] h toil$ z he did all 8 life1 f dawn to d>k1 ye> 9 & ye> out1 obs]v+ & record+ 9 ^? n9ete5 ?\s& /udies e k9d ( natural sc5]y1 e *ang+ cont\r ( mi/ & cl\d1 e diff]+ =m & /ructure ( tree1 e movem5t or reflection 9 wat]1 e transi5t effect ( light1 /orm1 w9d or wea!r4 ,!n he (t5 _h a deep mean+ 9 8 pictures1 beyond :at 0 to be se5 on ! surface1 beyond1 p]haps1 :at he himself c\ld h always expla9$4 ,sometimes1 no d\bt1 x 0 f>-fet*$1 sometimes fanta/ic1 yet x gives a "* to 8 art :i* m]e te*nical skill or p]fect design d n by !mselves atta94 ,by ! mod]n s*ool ( l&scapi/s ?is w\ld probably be reg>d$ z a defect or ev5 a h]esy4 ,pictorial art1 !y say1 %\ld n be #8lit]>y1' %\ld n be intellectual4 ,b to me x seems t ! "w ( ! highe/ arti/s--( ,leon>do1 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ,holbe91 ,rembr&t1 = example--almo/ inv>iably appeals to ! intellect z well z to ! s5ses4 ,m9d1 s5sibly or ins5sibly1 int5tionally or un9t5tionally1 speaks to m9d4 ,z has be5 well said apropos ( ,rusk9's writ+s on ,turn]3 8,:at if ,rusk9's tor* lights up "s beauty t ! pa9t] himself 0 nev] aw>e (8 ,z a great man's inv5tions w c>ry m read+s ?an 8 own1 s ! mean+ ( a great pa9t] is n to be limit$ to 8 express$ or palpable int5tions4 ,!re is a h>mony betwe5 ! imag9+s ( bo? & ,nature1 :i* op5s out an inf9ite range ( significance & supports an inf9ite v>iety ( int]pretations40 ,aft] ,turn] _h atta9$ manhood--say f #ahjg onw>ds--8 creative p[] con/antly & increas+ly made itself felt4 ,x is m evid5t 9 8 oil pictures ?an 9 8 wat]-col\rs1 because 9 ! latt]1 m or less ?r\gh\t 8 life1 he 0 employ$ on illu/rative1 topographical1 "w4 ,b at an e>ly p]iod x is visible 9 8 draw+s1 notably 9 8 ,lib] ,/udiorum 7#ahjg-ahai74 ,leav+ aside actual l&scapes su* z ,solway ,moss1 ,b5 ,ar?ur1 etc41 8 creative1 imag9ative p[] is se5 9 su* subjects z sacus & ,hesp]ie1 ,peat ,bog1 ,procris & ,cephalus1 ,! ,lo/ ,sailor & o!r plates ( ! ,lib]4 ,x also appe>s f "t to "t 9 lat] draw+s4 ,yet a rec5t biograph] has advanc$ ! a/oni%+ !ory t1 :atev] 7 ,turn]'s m]its1 up to almo/ ! end ( 8 life he 0 n a 8creative0 arti/1 m]ely an illu/rator1 & ?is idea has be5 *>act]i/ically caught up & repeat$ by ! late/ ,g]man writ] on ,mod]n ,art4 ,b is !re any tru? 9 x8 ,i ?9k n4 ,! pa9t] ( ,! ,fro/y ,morn+1 & ,cross+ ! ,brook 7,national ,gall]y72 ( ,! ,gu>d%ip at ! ,nore 7,lady ,wantage72 ( ,*ilde ,h>old's ,pilgrimage & ,ulysses ,d]id+ ,polyphemus 7,national ,gall]y72 ( ,! ,%ipwreck 7,national ,gall]y71 & a doz5 o!r great ,sea ,pictures1 n a 8creative0 arti/8 ,! draughtsman ( ,*ryses 7,mrs4 ,t4 ,a%ton71 ,! ,l&'s ,end 78,s\!rn ,coa/071 ,! ,long%ips ,ligh?\se 78,engl& & ,wales071 ,! ,alps at ,daybreak & ,! ,vision ( ,columbus 78,rog]s's ,poems071 ,! ,pla9s ( ,troy 78,byron's ,poems071 ,! ,mu/]+ ( ! ,w>rior ,angels 78,milton's ,poems078 ,if ^!1 & scores ( o!rs :i* might be add$1 are n examples ( 8creative0 art1 :]e are 8creative0 l&scapes to be f\nd8 ,is ,m>t9's ,pla9s ( ,heav5 to be reg>d$ z ! type8 ,or is !re no su* ?+ z 8creative0 l&scape art8 ,b1 aft] all1 does ! "q ne$ argu+8 ,may "o n j z well ask :e!r ,botticelli1 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ,raphael1 ,rub5s1 ,rembr&t1 7 8creative0 arti/s8 ,( ,turn]'s te*nical skill 9 wat]-col\r1 !re is no ne$ to speak2 8 comm& ( 8 mat]ial 0 absolute & has nev] be5 equall$4 ,& 8 s5se ( design1 ( balance1 ( rhy?m--( :at is t]m$ 8/yle0--0 always pres5t4 ,he _h caught x at ! outset ( 8 c>e] f 8 close /udy ( ,ri*>d ,wilson1 :o _h inh]it$ x z a tradition f ,casp> ,p\ss91 ,claude1 & ! pa9t]s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,r>ely is !re any?+ t5tative ab\t 8 draw+s4 ,!y are decisive--! design 0 almo/ inv>iably se5 by him z a :ole1 f ! beg9n+4 ,(t5 8 "w did n please him1 & if x 0 f9i%$ x 0 disc>d$2 if unf9i%$1 x 0 c>ri$ no fur!r--z may be se5 9 sev]al ( ! draw+s rec5tly 7#aijh7 exhibit$ at ! ,national ,gall]y1 & a good _m ( ! oil pictures at ! ,tate ,gall]y4 ,he 0 also emphatically a great col\ri/--"o ( ! greate/2 dur+ ! latt] half ( 8 life he ?\ght 9 col\r1 & compos$ 9 col\r1 & x 0 ) him an integral "p ( e design4 ,t is :y 8 draw+s c nev] be adequately reproduc$ by ord9>y photography4 ,dur+ middle life1 z has be5 po9t$ out1 8 col\r at times became =c$ & florid1 b x 0 nev] m pure1 nev] m beautiful1 nev] m noble1 ?an 9 8 late/ sket*es4 ,at times1 no d\bt1 ,turn]'s wat]-col\rs1 especially ^? execut$ betwe5 #ahbj & #ahcf1 h a t5d5cy to undue complexity ( design1 & to ov]cr[d+ bo? ( subject & lights4 ,possibly to "s ext5t ?is 0 due to ! prevail+ /&>d ( ,engli% art & ,engli% ta/e at t "t4 ,!n1 p]haps ev5 m ?an n[1 high f9i% 0 too (t5 unduly insi/$ on4 ,b y w nev] f9d too high f9i% or ov]cr[d+ 9 ! draw+s :i* he made = himself6 ,8 figures1 also1 7 frequ5tly unsatisfactory4 ,x 0 n t he c\ld n draw !m--at fir/ !y 7 da9ty & c>eful1 z may be se5 9 ! two e>ly draw+s1 ,plates ,i4 & ,,iii4 ,b 9 8 lat] ye>s he seem$ to reg>d figures simply z po9ts ( light1 col\r or composition--!y 7 always effective z su*--& he (t5 treat$ !m c>elessly--sometimes ev5 co>sely--to ! detrim5t ( "s ( 8 o!rwise mo/ beautiful works4 99 99 99 99 99 ,turn] is (t5 claim$ by ! militant s*ool ( l&scapi/s ( to-day z "o ( ! fir/ & greate/ #8impressioni/s4' ,9 a c]ta9 s5se no d\bt ?is is true1 b 8 #8impressionism1' x seems to me1 0 :olly diff]5t 9 nature f !irs4 ,dur+ 8 life1 z we h se51 he made ?\s&s ( sket*es1 "s slight1 "s elaborate1 ( places1 sc5]y1 & natural effects--%or?& memor&a1' s to speak--_m ( :i* may c]ta9ly be call$ #8impressioni/4' ,b all ^! 7 f\nd$ on1 or 7 int5d$ to add to1 8 accurate1 m9ute & exhau/ive /udy ( natural =ms1 & a draughtsman%ip :i* has probably nev] be5 equall$ by any o!r l&scape pa9t]4 ,!n1 z is notori\s1 he frequ5tly alt]$ c]ta9 features ( l&scapes or build+s to suit ! requirem5ts ( 8 pictures--_! symmetry1 _! acc5t1 _! col\r-s*eme--or 9 ord] to convey "s sugge/ion z to _! mean+4 ,9 a lett] /ill pres]v$1 he decl>es himself oppos$ to lit]alism 9 l&scape--8m]e map-mak+0 he t]ms x4 ,& :5 = any reason he ?us alt]$ ! actual features ( a sc5e1 he /ill almo/ always contriv$ to pres]ve ! impression ( x z a :ole--usually "u its be/ aspect1 at its *oice/ mom5t4 ,9 ?is s5se also he 0 an #8impressioni/4' ,aga91 :5 t[>ds ! close ( 8 life he began to attempt ! repres5tation 7ma9ly 9 oil col\r7 ( pure sunlight--z 9 8 late/ ,v5ice pictures2 or ( =m 9 swifte/ movem5t--z 9 ,ra91 ,spe$ & ,/eam2 or ( ! mighty cont5d+ =ces ( ,nature--z 9 8 ,sn[ ,/orm (f ,h>wi*1 he pa9t$ su* subjects 9 ! only me?od by :i* !y c\ld be intelligibly r5d]$4 ,9 ! same way ,:i/l]1 9 8 ,nocturnes1 demon/rat$ = ! fir/ "t 9 ,we/]n art1 ! beauty ( prosaic & ev5 ugly objects1 se5 9 dim light4 ,bo? p]=ce adopt$ ! #8impressioni/' me?od1 because x 0 ! only effective1 inde$ ! only possible "o4 ,b to me x appe>s t !re is all ! diff]5ce 9 ! _w betwe5 ^! phases ( #8impressioni/' art & ! pr9ciples ( ! mod]n l&scape s*ool1 ^: works a brilliant set ( writ]s 9 ! press ( to-day are cont9ually call+ ^u u to admire4 ,! advanc$ #8impressioni/s' bo? 9 ,france & 9 ,engl& seem to g out ( _! way to repres5t ! ord9>y aspects ( nature ) a manife/ det]m9ation to avoid any b ! vague/ r5d]+ ( =m1 no matt] h[ cle>ly def9$ 9 su* circum/ances ^? =ms may seem to ord9>y ,phili/9e vision4 ,!y also ord9>ily abjure z #8lit]>y' any k9d ( appeal to ! intellectual faculties1 & app>5tly conf9e _! aim to ! production ( a m or less />tl+1 b g5]ally clev]ly manag$ patt]n+ ( light1 %ade1 & col\r1 obta9$ usually by means ( masses ( co>se1 solid1 & (t5 ragg$ pigm5t1 c>efully arrang$ s t ! effect int5d$ may be f\nd1 l a fire-plug1 at a c]ta9 exact1 calculat$ spot4 ,surely ,turn]'s #8impressionism' 0 f> remov$ f ?is8 ,surely x is h>d t he %\ld be *>g$ ) be+ ! precursor ( ! l&scape s*ool to :i* ,i h allud$1 :atev] may be its m]its8 99 99 99 99 99 ,possibly x is too soon z yet to pr$ict :at w be ,turn]'s ultimate place 9 art4 ,l e really great arti/ 7,i use ! ^w 9 its wide/ s5se7 he w be judg$1 n by 8 defects or 8 mi/akes--ev5 if !y be _m & palpable--b by ! heights to :i* he atta9$1 & ! m>k :i* he has left = o!rs to foll[4 ,= myself1 ,i believe t if 8 wat]-col\rs are all[$ to rema9 unfad$ = future g5]ations1 !y1 along ) 8 be/ oil pictures1 w be c\nt$ wor?y to entitle him to a place among/ ! greate/ pa9t]s ( all c5turies & all s*ools4 ,w4 ,g4 ,,rawl9son4 ,9 common ) ! ,editor ( ,! ,/udio1 ,i desire to ackn[l$ge my deep obligations to ! v>i\s own]s ( valuable draw+s by ,turn]1 :o h k9dly all[$ !m to be reproduc$ "h4 ,!re 71 h[ev]1 o!rs :i* ,i %\ld l to h se5 repres5t$1 b z ^! 7 n available1 ! ,editor desir$ to replace !m ) examples f my own collection4 ,?is mu/ expla9 :at w o!rwise seem ! undue proportion ( ! latt]4--,w4 ,g4 ,r4 ,,! ,,turn] ,,draw+s ,,9 ,,! ,,national ,,gall]y1 ,,london4 ,,by ,a4 ,j4 ,,f9b]g4 ,! usual way ( pa9t+ a l&scape n[adays is = ! arti/ to take 8 easel & canvas out into ! fields1 & to "w z f> z possible ) ! sc5e he is repres5t+ be=e 8 eyes4 ,! sc5e1 ) ! arti/'s *os5 effect1 is ( c\rse con/antly *ang+1 s ! arti/ c "w only = a %ort "t ea* day4 ,! effect itself w probably la/ = a p]iod v>y+ f a c\ple ( m9utes to ab\t half an h\r1 accord+ to circum/ances2 b ! pa9t] may be usefully employ$ 9 gett+ 8 "w into condition = ab\t an h\r be=e ! effect is due1 & he may "w on = p]haps ano!r h\r :ile ! effect is /ill fre% 9 8 memory4 ,z "o sitt+ ( ?is k9d w n enable ! arti/ to c>ry 8 "w f>1 x is necess>y t he %\ld return day aft] day to ! sc5e2 & if he is det]m9$ to pa9t x entirely on ! spot1 he mu/ be prep>$ to devote "s mon?s at lea/ to ! "w4 ,! habit ( pa9t+ & f9i%+ pictures entirely out ( doors 01 ,i believe1 introduc$ by ! ,pre-,raphaelites dur+ ! fifties1 b be=e ?is1 ,con/able & o!r arti/s _h work$ l>gely f r elaborate col\r /udies made out ( doors4 ,turn] did n "w at all 9 ?is way4 ,all 8 pictures 7 pa9t$ 9 ! /udio1 & g5]ally f v slight p5cil sket*es4 ,s f> z ,i "k he nev] made ev5 a slight col\r /udy f nature = any ( 8 pictures4 ,z ! me?ods ( "w employ$ by ! great arti/s are ( v great int]e/1 ,i ?9k x w be wor? :ile to take "o ( 8 wellkn[n works & to trace its evolution some:at 9 detail4 ,! beautiful draw+ ( ,norham ,ca/le1 reproduc$ "h 7,plate ,,xiv471 w d v well = ?is purpose4 ,?is draw+ 0 made to be engrav$ 9 a s]ies kn[n z ! 8,riv]s ( ,engl&40 ,*>les ,turn]'s really f9e mezzot9t ( x 0 publi%$ 9 #ahbd1 s ! draw+ mu/ h be5 made at lea/ a ye> or two be=e ?is date4 ,! p5cil sket* on :i* x 0 bas$ 0 made "s qu>t] ( a c5tury e>li]--to be q accurate1 9 ! summ] or autumn ( #agig4 ,at t "t ,turn] 0 a "y man ( tw5ty-two1 b he _h already made 8 m>k z "o ( ! be/ topographical & antiqu>ian draughtsm5 ( ! day4 ,he _h be5 a regul> exhibitor at ! ,royal ,academy = eight ye>s1 & publi%]s & amateurs 7 beg9n+ to compete = 8 productions4 ,x 0 8 habit e summ] to map out = himself a l5g?y sket*+ t\r1 8 aim be+ to accumulate 9 8 portfolio a p5cil draw+ made by himself ( e build+ or natural feature t he might be call$ ^u to illu/rate4 ,^! subjects 7 dictat$ by ! ta/e ( ! "t1 :i* g5]ally ran t[>ds ! ru9$ abbeys & ca/les ( ! middle ages4 ,z ,turn]'s subject-matt] 0 prescrib$ = him 9 ?is way1 he did n1 l ! mod]n arti/1 h to wa/e any "t look+ = promis+ subjects4 ,he _h m]ely to /udy ! num]\s guide-books t 7 ev5 !n 9 exi/5ce1 to make out a li/ ( ! m important ca/les1 abbeys1 & ,go?ic build+s1 & to hurry f "o to ! o!r z fa/ z ! coa*es or 8 own /urdy legs c\ld c>ry him4 ,! me?odical & /olidly bus9ess-l mann] 9 :i* he set ab\t & c>ri$ ?r\gh ?is "p ( 8 "w is calculat$ to %ock ! gu%+ & casual temp]am5t ( ! arti/ ( to-day4 ,turn]'s programme 9 #agig 0 an ext5sive "o1 &1 :at is mu* m rem>kable1 he c>ri$ x out4 ,he seems to h tak5 ! coa* into ,d]by%ire1 z he _h already appropriat$ ev]y?+ ( int]e/ 9 ! ,midl& c\nties4 ,he c>ri$ two sket* books ) him1 ea* b\nd h&somely 9 calf1 ! small] ) f\r heavy brass clasps1 ! l>g] ) sev54 ,! pages 9 ! small] book measure ab\t #aj by #h in*es1 ^? ( ! l>g] ab\t #ad by #aj4 ,bo? ^! books are n[ 9 ! ,national ,gall]y collection1 & w %ortly1 ,i hope1 be made accessible to /ud5ts & ! g5]al public4 ,! campaign op5s ) two draw+s (1 ,i ?9k1 ,w+field ,manor1 !n comes a *ur* ) a tall spire on a hill :i* ,i _c id5tify2 !n we h "o draw+ ( ,ro!rham ,bridge ) ! *apel on x1 !n "o ( ,conisbor\gh ,ca/le1 s+le views ( ! ext]ior & int]ior ( ,donca/] ,*ur*1 ?ree diff]5t views ( ! ru9s ( ,pontefract ,*ur*1 & !n two neat draw+s ( ! ,*antry on ! ,bridge at ,wakefield4 ,x is n till he gets to ,kirk/all ,abbey t ! arti/ seems to pause 9 8 brea?less ru% to ! ,nor?4 ,!re are no less ?an n9e draw+s ( ?is subject1 all made f diff]5t po9ts ( view2 "o ( ^! leaves conta9+ ! sket* ( ! ,crypt--f :i* ,sir ,john ,soane's impressive wat]-col\r 0 made--conta9s j a fragm5t ( col\r1 & has be5 = _m ye>s among ! draw+s exhibit$ on ! gr\nd floor ( ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,9 ?is way we c foll[ ,turn] to ,kn>esbor\gh1 ,ripon1 ,f\nta9s & ,easby ,abbeys1 ,ri*mond1 ,b>n>d ,ca/le1 ,eggle/one ,abbey & ,durham1 & !n along ! coa/ to ,w>kwor?1 ,alnwick1 ,dun/anbor\gh1 ,bambor\gh & ,holy ,isl&4 ,judg+ f ! draw+s1 ,i ?9k x probable t ,turn] sp5t ! be/ "p ( a day at ,holy ,isl&1 b he got to ,b]wick 9 "t to draw a g5]al view ( ! t[n & bridge1 & to make a slight sket* ) 8 limit$ gamut ( col\rs--black1 blue1 & yell[ only--( ! ev5+ effect4 ,! next morn+ he 0 up 9 "t to see ! sun rise f beh9d ! t[]s ( ,norham ,ca/le1 & to trace a slight & hurri$ p5cil outl9e ( ! ma9 features ( ! sc5e4 ,!re is only ?is "o sket* ( ! subject1 & x does n conta9 ! slighte/ sugge/ion ( light & %ade or ( effect4 ,b !re 7 ,kelso & ,melrose & ,dryburgh & ,j$burgh ,abbeys close by wait+ to be drawn1 & ,turn] evid5tly felt he mu/ hurry on4 ,hav+ drawn ^! ru9s 9 8 neat & precise way he turn$ s\? & /ruck into ,cumb]l&4 ,9 ! l>g] sket* book a draw+ inscrib$ ,keswick foll[s imm$iately aft] "o ( ! views ( ,melrose ,abbey4 ,!n comes ,cock]m\? ,ca/le1 ! ,borr[dale1 ,butt]m]e1 ,/4 ,john's ,vale1 ,grasm]e1 ,rydal1 ,langdale1 & ,ulleswat] ) ,helvellyn 9 ! di/ance4 ,!n foll[ 9 rapid succession ,ambleside ,mill1 ,w9d]m]e1 ,coni/on1 ,furness ,abbey1 ,lanca/]1 & aft] a s+le draw+ ( ,bolton ,abbey we f9d ourselves 9 ,york1 :]e ! ,ca!dral & ! ru9s ( ,/4 ,m>y's ,abbey & ,boo?am ,b> mu/ h deta9$ ! arti/ = p]haps two or ?ree days4 ,! t\r1 h[ev]1 is n yet at an end1 = ! ,hon4 ,mr4 ,lascelles 7:o became ,e>l ( ,h>ewood 9 #ahbj7 wants "s draw+s ( ,h>ewood ,h\se & ( ! ru9s ( ,h>ewood ,ca/le1 & ,mr4 ,hewlett wants "s subjects to engrave 9 8 =?com+ 8,views 9 ! ,c\nty ( ,l9coln40 ,x is1 !re=e1 ?r\gh ,h[d51 ,l\?1 ,bo/on1 ,slea=d1 & ,pet]bor\gh t ,turn] makes 8 way back to ,london4 ,he mu/ h be5 back by ,septemb]1 = among ! draw+s exhibit$ at ! ,royal ,academy 9 ! foll[+ ,may 0 "o describ$ z 8,a ,/udy 9 ,septemb] ( ! ,f]n ,h\se1 ,mr4 ,lock's ,p>k1 ,mickleham1 ,surrey40 ,he c1 !re=e1 h>dly h be5 away mu* m ?an ?ree mon?s1 if s long1 b 8 /r5u\s vacation _h yield$ an abundant crop ( useful mat]ial4 ,x mu/ h be5 ,octob] be=e ,turn] 0 fairly back 9 8 /udio 9 ,h& ,c\rt1 ,maid5 ,lane1 & _h settl$ d[n to "w up ?is mat]ial4 ,by ! foll[+ ,april he _h f\r important oil pa9t+s & six wat]-col\rs ready = ! ,exhibition4 ,"o ( ^! oil pa9t+s 7! ,dun/anbor\gh ,ca/le7 n[ hangs 9 ! ,melb\rne ,national ,gall]y1 to :i* x 0 pres5t$ by ! late ,duke ( ,we/m9/]2 two o!rs 7,w9esdale1 ,york%ire--an ,autumnal ,morn+ & ,morn+ among/ ! ,coni/on ,fells7 hang 9 ! little ,octagon room 9 ,trafalg> ,squ>e1 & ! f\r? is on loan to ! ,alb]t ,memorial ,museum1 ,exet]4 ,?is is ! ,butt]m]e ,lake1 ) "p ( ,cromack ,wat]1 a really f9e pa9t+1 ?\gh x has d>k5$ consid]ably4 ,z ! fir/ important oil pa9t+ 9 :i* ,turn]'s g5ius 0 cle>ly manife/$1 ,i %\ld rejoice to see x hang+ 9 ,trafalg> ,squ>e4 ,! p5cil draw+ on :i* x 0 bas$ conta9s "s "w 9 wat]-col\r1 possibly made direct f nature1 b ! details & g5]al effect h be5 entirely reca/ 9 ! f9i%$ "w4 ,among ! wat]-col\rs 7 ! gloomy & sup]b ,kirk/all ,abbey1 n[ 9 ! ,soane ,museum1 to :i* ,i h already ref]r$1 & ! draw+ ( ,norham ,ca/le1 ) :i* we are n[ m p>ticul>ly conc]n$4 ,! draw+ exhibit$ 9 #agih is n ! "o "h reproduc$4 ,! exhibit$ draw+ is probably ! "o n[ 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,laundy ,walt]s4 ,a photographic reproduction ( x 0 publi%$ 9 ,sir ,walt] ,arm/rong's 8,turn]0 7p4 #cd71 & x is wor? paus+ a mom5t to comp>e ?is ) ! orig9al p5cil sket* & to consid] 9 exactly :at relation ^! two draw+s /& to ea* o!r4 ,! usual way ( describ+ ! process by :i* a slight sket* f nature is conv]t$ into a f9i%$ draw+ is to say t ! arti/ copi$ 8 sket* z f> z x w5t & !n reli$ ^u 8 memory = ! fur!r elaboration t 0 requir$4 ,an arti/'s memory is assum$ to consi/ ( images ( ! sc5es he has witness$1 :i* he has "s my/]i\s p[] ( /or+ some:]e 9 8 m9d1 some?+ l1 ,i suppose1 ! undevelop$ exposures 9 a ,kodak4 ,accord+ to ?is !ory we %\ld h to assume t ! p>ticul> sight ( ! sun ris+ beh9d ,norham ,t[]s :i* _h greet$ ,turn] on ! morn+ he hurri$ f ,b]wick to ,kelso _h be5 treasur$ up 9 ! inn] recesses ( 8 consci\sness1 & !n "s mon?s aft]w>ds1 :5 ! appropriate mom5t came1 he _h only to select ?is p>ticul> image f among ! millions ( o!r images 9 ! same my/]i\s /oreh\se1 to develop x & copy x on to 8 canvas4 ,i ne$ h>dly add t ?is desp]ate !ory is q fanciful & absurd1 & 9 flat contradiction to ! tea*+s ( mod]n psy*ology4 ,a description t w\ld n be op5 to su* objections w\ld run some?+ l ?is3 ,:5 we are deal+ ) ! processes ( arti/ic creation we h to assume an intellig5t human ag5t1 & analogies drawn f purely me*anical s\rces c only mislead u4 ,we mu/ n assume t an arti/'s s5ses & intellect "w l ! me*anism ( a cam]a1 or 9 any o!r abnormal way1 unless we h "s /rong evid5ce to support u4 ,& we mu/ also rememb] t a visual image is a useful ab/raction 9 psy*ology1 b 9 ! consci\s life ( an intellig5t human be+ x is m]ely an elem5t )9 ! ord9>y life ( ?\ght & feel+4 ,let u !re=e assume t ,turn] n only made no ef=t to reta9 ! exact visual impression ( ! sc5e 9 "q1 b t he did n ev5 attempt to sep>ate ?is impression f ! g5]al :ole ( ?\ght & feel+ 9 :i* x 0 exp]i5c$4 ,! p>ticul> matt] ( s5se-p]ception w\ld !n become incorporat$ 9 ! g5]al idea or ! object--9 ! ord9>y way 9 :i* s5se qualities are pres]v$ 9 ideas4 ,:5 ,turn] !re=e sat d[n to make 8 picture1 :at he w\ld h prom95tly & cle>ly be=e 8 m9d w\ld be a g5]al idea ( ,norham ,ca/le z a ru9$ bord] =tress1 a sc5e ( _m a bloody fray & ( mu* bygone spl5d\r & suff]+4 ,9 %ort1 8 idea w\ld be :at ! art-criticism ( ! ,h5ley type us$ to describe contemptu\sly z 8lit]>y02 t is1 x 0 /eep$ 9 ! col\rs ( ! hi/orical imag9ation1 & 0 practically ! same z t :i* a man l ,sir ,walt] ,scott or any cultivat$ p]son ( ! pres5t "t w\ld associate ) ! same object4 ,in/ead1 !re=e1 ( hav+ a s+le image be=e 8 m9d :i* he _h m]ely to copy1 ,turn] />t$ ) a complex idea1 :i* might1 inde$1 h be5 express$ m or less adequately 9 ! t]ms ( "s o!r art1 b :i* he *ose on ?is occasion to express 9 pictorial t]ms4 ,9 ?is way we c und]/& :y ,turn] did1 z a matt] ( fact1 frequ5tly & con/antly attempt to express 8 ideas 9 ! =m ( v]bal poetry1 & :y1 9 ! draw+ we are n[ consid]+1 he felt himself ju/ifi$ n only 9 fill+ out 8 sket* ) details t 7 nei!r !re nor 9 ! real sc5e1 b also 9 tak+ consid]able lib]ties ) ! facts conta9$ 9 ! sket*1 alt]+ !m & falsify+ !m 9 ways t c\ld n be def5d$ if 8 aim _h be5 to reproduce ! actual sc5e itself4 ,! col\r+ too ( ,mr4 ,walt]'s draw+ owes mu* m to ,turn]'s /udy ( ,wilson's pictures ?an to 8 visual memory ( natural sc5es2 t is to say1 ! col\r is us$ z an in/rum5t ( expression1--z a means to br+ ! imag9ation & feel+s ( ! spectator into h>mony ) ! arti/'s ideas1 z well z to indicate 9 ! cle>e/ possible mann] t x 0 n ! arti/'s int5tion to repres5t ! actual sc5e 9 its prosaic details4 ,?is picture1 ) ! o!rs exhibit$ 9 #agih1 settl$ ! "q = ,turn]'s bro!r arti/s & = himself t he 0 a g5u9ely imag9ative arti/ & n a m]ely clev] topographical draughtsman4 ,! foll[+ ye> he 0 elect$ an ,associate ( ! ,royal ,academy1 at ! e>ly age ( tw5ty-f\r1 & ?r\gh\t 8 long life he always reg>d$ himself z entitl$ to take any lib]ties ) actual topographical facts t ! expression ( 8 ideas dem&$4 ,! success ( ! fir/ ,norham ,ca/le draw+ induc$ ,turn] to repeat ! subject sev]al times4 ,! late ,mrs4 ,?waites _h ano!r wat]-col\r ( x 9 h] collection1 !re are at lea/ ?ree unf9i%$ v]sions 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 & ,i h se5 a v]sion ( x 9 oil4 ,! subject 0 engrav$ 9 ! 8,lib]0 f :at purport$ to be ! picture 9 ! possession ( ! ,hon4 ,mr4 ,lascelles1 b really f a fre% design made by ! arti/4 ,!n ,turn] pa9t$ ! subject aga9 = ,mr4 ,fawkes ( ,f>nley1 & aga91 ab\t #ahbb or #ahbc1 he made ! draw+ = ! 8,riv]s ( ,engl&0 s]ies1 "h reproduc$4 ,:at is s int]e/+ 9 all ?is is t ! details 9 ea* ( ^! v]sions are diff]5t1 yet !y all seem to h be5 bas$ on ! same p5cil sket*4 ,! relative size ( ! ca/le v>ies 9 ea* draw+1 z well z ! details ( its embrasures & crumbl+ masonry2 ! "* ( ! riv] banks also v>ies4 ,9 ! e>li] v]sions ! "r bank is /eep & rocky1 z suit+ ! solemn & gloomy effect ( ! subject2 9 ! late/ v]sion1 :]e ! humble pa/oral life ( ! pres5t is ?r[n m into prom95ce1 ?is bank becomes flat & peopl$ ) fi%]m51 _! boats & c[s4 ,9 "o ( ! _m anecdotes told ( ,turn] he is repres5t$ z say+ to an arti/ :o _h compla9$ ( ! disappo9tm5t he _h exp]i5c$ on revisit+ a c]ta9 place1 8,don't y "k y mu/ pa9t y\r impressions0--or words to t effect4 ,i don't "k h[ true ! /ory is--& ,i may confess t ,i h almo/ got into ! habit ( disbeliev+ all ! /ories told ab\t ,turn]--b :e!r true or n ?is p>ticul> anecdote is c]ta9ly well inv5t$4 ,turn] knew q well h[ l>ge a "p 8 subjective feel+s & ideas play$ 9 all 8 "w1 & x made him %y ( revisit+ places t _h once impress$ him4 ,b :5 he spoke ( 8 8impressions0 we mu/ be c>eful n to suppose t he c\ld h us$ ! expression 9 ! way x is (t5 us$ n[4 ,he did n ab/ract 8 p>ticul> visual impressions f ! emotional & ideational context 9 :i* !y 7 exp]i5c$4 ,9 s f> z ,impressionism means ?is k9d ( ab/raction1 ,turn] 0 nev] an impressioni/4 ,& z 8 fir/ ideas ( places 7 /eep$ 9 ! col\r+ ( 8 own subjective life1 s 8 ideas 7 ev] tak+ on diff]5t hues z 8 temp] & "* *ang$4 ,9 ?is way he c\ld use ! same sket* aga9 & aga9 & always get diff]5t effects f x2 ! s5su\s datum 0 m]ely a po9t ( dep>ture = ea* fre% improvisation1 a =m into :i* he c\ld p\r 8 m$itations1 b a flexible1 pla/ic =m :i* readily took ! %ape ( its spiritual cont5t4 ,^! consid]ations may help u to und]/& :at is apt at fir/ to /rike ! /ud5t ( ,turn]'s draw+s & sket*es z /range & incompreh5sible4 ,turn] 0 always sket*+ f nature1 & (t5 mak+ draw+s t conta9 an amaz+ weal? ( detail & def9ition1 yet ! usefulness ( 8 sket*es seem$ to v>y 9 inv]se ratio to _! def9ition & to ! "t sp5t ^u !m4 ,! beautiful draw+s nev] seem$ to lead to any?+1 all ! pictures be+ pa9t$ by pref]5ce f ! slighte/ & vague/ sket*es4 ,?us ! sket* book :i* conta9s ! sket* ( ,norham ,ca/le is fill$ ) ov] n9ety draw+s1 mo/ ( !m full ( detail & delightfully precise & graceful 9 h&l+4 ,turn] made good use ( mo/ ( ?is mat]ial1 b ! mo/ prolific 8bre$+0 subject--to use "o ( ,ri*>d ,wilson's expressions--0 unque/ionably ! hurri$ scribble ( ,norham1 :i* 0 s slight z n to indicate ev5 ! g5]al %ape ( ! ru9$ t[] ) precision1 & :i* left ! numb] ( w9d[s or embrasures entirely undet]m9$4 ,b :5 we see h[ ,turn] us$ 8 sket*es we c easily und]/& t ?is abs5ce ( def9ition mu/ (t5 h be5 a positive advantage to him :5 he came to pa9t 8 pictures4 ,!re 0 less 8to put him out10 few] ob/acles 9 ! way ( 8 subjective utt]ance1 ! =m 0 m fluid & tractable to 8 imm$iate purpose4 ,! m detail$ /udies 7 ( c\rse n wa/$1 = ! k !y gave him enabl$ him to fill out ! slighte/ h9ts ( 8 8bre$+0 subjects ) an inexhau/ible weal? ( plausible detail4 ,! ,national ,gall]y collection conta9s j on ?ree hundr$ ( ,turn]'s sket* books1 & practically ! :ole ( 8 "w done imm$iately 9 ! pres5ce ( nature4 ,?is data enables u to speak ) absolute au?ority ^u ! difficult "q z to ! relation betwe5 ,turn]'s art & nature4 ,!y prove t he v seldom1 if ev]1 pa9t$ a picture simply 8out ( 8 head40 ,9 ev]y?+ he did--ev51 ,i believe1 9 ! case ( :at h be5 call$ 8 classical nons5se pictures--!re 0 a nucleus ( imm$iately p]ceiv$ fact4 ,?is s5su\s basis is seldom1 if ev]1 abs5t f 8 "w1 b x is inv>iably ov]laid & di/ort$ by ! purely subjective =ces ( ! arti/'s p]sonality1 :i* appropriate ! data ( s5se1 & m\ld !m into any %ape !y *oose4 ,x is impossible1 especially s9ce 8,mod]n ,pa9t]s0 0 writt51 to ov]look ! important "p play$ by natural fact 9 all ( ,turn]'s creations1 b x is j z important n to ov]look ! equally obvi\s & c]ta9 tru? t ,turn] nev] uses nature simply = its own sake1 b only z a means ( expression4 ,! me?ods employ$ 9 ! p>ticul> case we h j /udi$ are1 ) few exceptions1 ! me?ods :i* he adopt$ dur+ ! :ole ( 8 c>e]4 ,yet ,turn] did und\bt$ly ^u occasion pa9t 9 oil directly f nature4 ,an in/ance ( ?is k9d is describ$ by ,sir ,*>les ,ea/lake 9 8,?ornbury0 7p4 #aec1 #crd edition74 ,ea/lake met ,turn] dur+ 8 second visit to ,devon%ire1 probably 9 ! summ] ( #ahac1 & accompani$ him to a cottage ne> ,cal/ock1 ! resid5ce ( ,ea/lake's aunt1 :]e !y /ay$ = a few days4 ,ano!r arti/ 0 ) !m1 a ,mr4 ,ambrose ,johns1 ( ,plym\?4 ,x 0 dur+ _! rambles 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,cal/ock t ,turn] ga!r$ ! mat]ial = 8 picture ( 8,cross+ ! ,brook40 ,ea/lake says t 8,turn] made 8 sket*es 9 p5cil & by /eal?10 t is to say1 he did n l to h p look+ ov] 8 %\ld] :ile he 0 at "w4 ,! sket* book ,turn] us$ on ?is occasion is ) ! o!rs 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,b aft] ! ?ree arti/s _h return$ to ,plym\?1 89 ! neighb\rhood ( :i* he 7,turn]7 rema9$ "s weeks1 ,mr4 ,johns fitt$ up a small portable pa9t+-box1 conta9+ "s prep>$ pap] = oil sket*es1 z well z ! o!r necess>y mat]ials4 ,:5 ,turn] halt$ at a sc5e & seem$ incl9$ to sket* x1 ,johns produc$ ! invit+ box1 & ! great arti/1 f9d+ ev]y?+ ready to 8 h&1 imm$iately began to "w4 ,z he sometimes want$ assi/ance 9 ! use ( ! box1 ! pres5ce ( ,johns 0 indisp5sable1 & aft] a few days he made 8 oil sket*es freely 9 our pres5ce4 ,johns accompani$ him always2 ,i 0 only ) !m occasionally4 ,turn] seem$ pleas$ :5 ! rapidity ) :i* ^? sket*es 7 done 0 talk$ (2 =1 dep>t+ f 8 habitual res]ve 9 ! in/ance ( 8 p5cil sket*es1 he made no difficulty ( %[+ !m4 ,on "o occasion1 :51 on 8 return aft] a sket*+ ramble to a c\ntry resid5ce belong+ to my fa!r1 ne> ,plympton1 ! day's "w 0 %[n1 he himself rem>k$ t "o ( ! sket*es 7& p]haps ! be/7 0 done 9 less ?an half an h\r40 8,on my enquir+ aft]w>ds10 ,sir ,*>les ,ea/lake adds1 8:at _h become ( ^? sket*es1 ,turn] repli$ t !y 7 wor?less1 9 consequ5ce1 z he suppos$1 ( "s defect 9 ! prep>ation ( ! pap]2 all ! grey t9ts1 he obs]v$1 _h ne>ly disappe>$4 ,al?\gh ,i did n implicitly rely on t /atem5t1 ,i d n rememb] to h se5 any ( !m aft]w>ds40 ,!re are ab\t a doz5 small oil sket*es ( ,devon%ire subjects 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 :i* are d\btless "p ( ^? made "u ! circum/ances describ$ by ,sir ,*>les ,ea/lake4 ,!y are made on a br[ni% millbo>d1 prep>$ ) a ?9 coat+ ( pa9t & size4 ,on ! back ( "o ( !m !re happ5s to be "s lett]+ %[+ t ,johns _h laid viol5t h&s on ! cov]s ( "s p>ts ( ,william ,"y ,ottley's 8,briti% ,gall]y ( ,pictures10 !n be+ issu$ s]ially4 ,sev]al ( ^! pa9t+s h long be5 hung among ! exhibit$ draw+s2 e4g41 ,nos4 #gdf1 #gej1 #ged1 #geh1 & "o1 ,no4 #hdi1 :i* has someh[ got ! obvi\sly incorrect title ( ,bridge ov] ,riv] ,lugwy1 ,capel ,curig4 ,^! pa9t+s h und\bt$ly sunk v mu* into ! absorb5t millbo>d1 ?us prov+ t ,turn]'s rem>k to ,ea/lake ab\t ! disappe>ance ( ! grey t9ts--:i* he 8did n implicitly rely on0--0 ju/ifi$4 ,b o!rwise ! "w is 9 good condition1 & ,i h v little d\bt t :5 ,mr4 ,butt]y comes to take !m 9 h&1 he w be able to br+ !m back to some?+ l _! orig9al fre%ness4 ,! *ief po9t ( int]e/ ) reg>d to !m1 f our pres5t po9t ( view1 is ! curi\s fact t ,turn] does n seem to h made ! slighte/ use ( !m 9 any ( ! ,devon%ire pictures he pa9t$ on 8 return4 ,he evid5tly f\nd 8 t9y little p5cil sket*es mu* m sugge/ive & adaptable to 8 purposes4 ,ev5 ! l>ge oil picture ( ,cross+ ! ,brook is bas$ entirely on 8 slight & rapidly made little p5cil notes4 ,ano!r po9t ( int]e/ is t ev5 :5 pa9t+ 9 oil face to face ) nature he did n m]ely copy :at he _h 9 front ( him4 ,z our illu/ration %[s1 ^! sket*es are z c>efully compos$ z 8 pictures4 ,!y are inde$ only te*nically sket*es f nature2 9 reality !y are designs = pictures or pictures 9 m9iature1 ?\gh !y happ5 to h be5 pa9t$ out ( doors4 ,ev5 9 work+ direct f nature ,turn] rema9$ firmly entr5*$ 9 8 arti/ic position z ! ma/] ( nature4 ,he /ill reta9$ 8 p[] ( selection1 tak+ :at suit$ 8 purpose1 ignor+ ! re/1 & supplem5t+ f ! /ores ( 8 own k :at = 8 purpose 7 ! defects ( ! mom5t>y image be=e 8 eyes4 ,! fact t ,turn] always work$ 9 ?is way makes x exce$+ly difficult to sep>ate 8 sket*es f nature f ! /udies or designs = 8 pictures4 ,?r\gh\t 8 sket* books & among/ 8 loose draw+s !re are a l>ge numb] ( sket*es 9 col\r1 & "o's fir/ impulse is to assume t ^! 7 made imm$iately f nature4 ,b c>eful obs]vation %[s t ,turn] 0 9 ! con/ant habit ( work+ ov] 8 p5cil sket*es 9 col\r :5 away f ! sc5es he _h depict$4 ,9 ?is way ! beautiful little sket* ( 8,ed9burgh f ,/4 ,m>g>et's ,lo*10 "h reproduc$ 7,plate ,,vi471 is mu* m probably ! draft ( a picture ! arti/ _h 9 8 m9d's eye ?an a /udy f nature4 ,b ! po9t :e!r su* a draw+ 0 made 8on ! spot0 or n is relatively unimportant2 :at is m important is to realise h[ v small a "p ! m]ely imitative or repres5tative /udy ( ! col\r & tone 7z oppos$ to =m7 ( nature play$ 9 ,turn]'s "w4 ,8 col\r is nev] m]ely descriptive4 ,! :ole b5t ( 8 m9d is s ess5tially pictorial t1 :e!r he works face to face ) nature or f :at is loosely call$ 8memory10 8 slighte/ sket* z well z 8 mo/ elaborate "w is always an attempt to express a subjective conception1 & nev] a m]ely lit]al transcript ( :at is giv5 9 s5se-p]ception4 ,p]haps ! mo/ important gr\p ( draw+s 9 ! national collection are ^? :i* ,turn] made dur+ ! la/ t5 ye>s ( 8 work+ life1 i4e41 betwe5 #ahce & #ahde4 ,^! draw+s 7 n made = sale or = exhibition1 h5ce ,mr4 ,rusk9's description ( !m z 8delight draw+s10 because !y 7 done entirely = ! arti/'s own pleasure & delight4 ,sev]al ( !m are reproduc$ 9 ?is volume1 among !m ! beautiful sket* ( 8,luc]ne0 7,plate ,,xxi47 realiz$ = ,mr4 ,rusk9 9 #ahdb1 ! almo/ equally f9e 8,bell9zona1 f ! road to ,loc>no0 7,plate ,,xxiv471 & 8,zuri*0 7,plate ,,xxvii474 ,^! inimitable & delightful sket*es h be5 v widely admir$1 z !y des]ve to be1 b !y h also be5 prais$1 some:at p]v]sely z x seems to me1 = _! tru? & accuracy ( repres5tation4 ,z ,mr4 ,rusk9 has po9t$ out1 ^! sket*es 8are n1 /rictly speak+1 sket*es f nature2 b plans or designs ( pictures :i* ,turn]1 if he _h _h "t1 w\ld h made ( ea* place4 ,!y indicate1 !re=e1 a p]fectly =m$ conception ( ! f9i%$ picture2 & !y are ( exactly ! same value z memor&a w\ld be1 if made by ,turn]'s own h&1 ( pictures ( 8 n 9 our possession4 ,!y are j to be reg>d$ z quick descriptions or rem9isc5ces ( noble pictures40 ,mr4 ,rusk9 is also unque/ionably correct :5 he adds 8t no?+ b ! p5cill+ 9 !m 0 done on ! spot1 & n always t4 ,turn] us$ to walk ab\t a t[n ) a roll ( ?9 pap] 9 8 pocket1 & make a few scrat*es ^u a %eet or two ( x1 :i* 7 s mu* %or?& indication ( all he wi%$ to rememb]4 ,:5 he got to 8 inn 9 ! ev5+1 he complet$ ! p5cill+ rapidly1 & add$ z mu* col\r z 0 ne$$ to record 8 plan ( ! picture0 78,rusk9 on ,pictures10 pp4 #hf-g74 ,x is n my int5tion n[ to dwell ^u ! beauty ( ^! incomp>able draw+s1 on _! passionate int5sity & emotional s9c]ity1 _! n]v\s eloqu5ce & elusive sugge/iv5ess4 ,! po9t ,i wi% to insi/ on at pres5t is t !y mu/ n be reg>d$ z attempts to reproduce or imitate ! m]ely sup]ficial qualities ( physical nature1 z attempts to give an accurate repres5tation ( effects ( air or light1 or ( ! %apes & =ms ( m\nta91 wat] or cl\d4 ,! arti/ is n imm]s$ 9 ! def9ite "* ( physical objects4 ,he seems to feel t z a spiritual & self-consci\s be+ he is some?+ high] ?an ! m]ely natural1 & x is z modes ( expression ( human fre$om & self-consci\sness t ^! lyrical fragm5ts mu/ be reg>d$4 ,! col\r & tone ( ,turn]'s "w mu/ !re=e be tak5 z /rictly ideal1 t is1 z a m$ium ( subjective expression1 z a mode ( spiritual manife/ation1 & n z an attempt to repres5t ! m]ely ab/ract qualities ( s5se-p]ception4 ,& :at is true ( ,turn]'s col\r & tone is also true ( 8 =m4 ,i d\bt if he ev] made a tol]ably c>eful & elaborate draw+ ( a natural sc5e f ! beg9n+ to ! end ( 8 long c>e]--ne>ly all 8 elaborate draw+s be+ ( ar*itectural subjects4 ,b in/ead ( ! prosaic & plodd+ draw+s t o!r arti/s make 7see1 = example1 ! elaborate p5cil /udies ( trees by ,con/able 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum71 we f9d hundr$s & hundr$s ( n]v\s1 eag] p5cil sket*es4 ,:5 we come to /udy ^! ravi%+ sket*es ) c>e we make ! a/oni%+ discov]y t ! bugbe> ( ! draw+ s*ool1 ! prosaic accumulation ( p>ticul> physical facts kn[n 9 art academies z 8nature10 is simply a hide\s ab/raction ( ! !oretical m9d4 ,nature1 9 ?is s5se ( ! ^w1 nev] exi/$ = ,turn]4 ,! _w he saw ar\nd him 0 replete ) intellig5ce1 0 p]meat$ ) _s2 :]e o!r arti/s see only ! b>e1 unrelat$ physical fact & s5su\s surface1 8 m9d is already busy ) ! inn] & invisible significance1 & 8 cunn+ h& is in/antly %ap+ =? a pictorial embodim5t ( 8 own insight & passionate convictions4 ,on ! :ole1 !n1 ?is 0 ,turn]'s consi/5t attitude t[>ds nature1 ?\gh ( c\rse1 9 8 e>li] ye>s1 8 sket*es 7 comp>atively less swift & eloqu5t ?an !y aft]w>ds became4 ,& !re 0 inde$ a %ort p]iod dur+ :i* ! m]ely physical fact 0 =c$ into undue prom95ce4 ,?is p]iod culm9at$ 9 ! fir/ visit to ,italy 9 #ahai-ahbj4 ,"h ! novelty ( ! sc5]y & build+s /imulat$ ! ?ir/ = detail$ obs]vation :i* _h be5 gradually gr[+ on ,turn] dur+ ! previ\s six or sev5 ye>s4 ,b 9 ,engl& ! v quickness & /r5g? ( 8 intuitions _h always prev5t$ ! desire = precise obs]vation f ga9+ ! upp] h&4 ,9 ,italy 8 p[]s ( intuition 7 useless4 ,he 0 disori5t$4 ,ev]y?+ disconc]t$ & ?w>t$ him4 ,8 rapid glance no long] p5etrat$ to ! inn] ess5ce ( ! sc5es ar\nd him4 ,he did n und]/& ! p & _! ways1 & _! relation to _! surr\nd+s4 ,= a "t he seem$ to become less c]ta9 ?an usual ( 8 arti/ic mission4 ,b he set to "w ) 8 usual pluck & en]gy to assimilate 8 /range surr\nd+s by tireless obs]vation ( ! outside4 ,! result 0 a va/ accumulation ( disorganiz$ or ( only p>tially organiz$ impressions4 ,x is conc$$ on all h&s t ,turn]'s arti/ic "w w5t all to pieces z a result ( 8 ,italian exp]i5ces4 ,! ,bay ( ,bai conta9s faults altoge!r new 9 8 complet$ works4 ,ev5 ! feeble/ ( 8 e>li] works _h be5 animat$ by "s c5tral idea or emotion1 to :i* all ! p>ts 7 subord9at$1 & :i* infus$ into !m :atev] ( life or significance !y possess$4 ,9 ! ,bay ( ,bai ! arti/ has an unusual quantity ( mat]ial on 8 h&s1 b he c nei!r f9d nor inv5t a pictorial idea to give coh]5ce to 8 disconnect$ obs]vations4 ,! picture is made up ( bits ( visual exp]i5ces elaborately dovetail$ into "o ano!r1 b :i* absolutely refuse to comb9e into any k9d ( conceptual unity4 ,yet if we conf9e our att5tion to ! m]ely =mal & ab/ract side ( art1 !re is assur$ly mu* to move u ev5 to en?usia/ic admiration among ! imm5se quantity ( sket*es accumulat$ dur+ ?is ,italian visit4 ,! v fact t ,turn]'s inspiration 0 *eck$ prev5t$ 8 sket*es f possess+ _! wont$ rudim5t>y or =w>d-po9t+ "*4 ,in/ead ( be+ ha/y drafts ( ! pictures t ?rong$ in/antly into 8 m9d ^u contact ) ! sc5es ( 8 native l&1 !y became m l ! draw+s :i* less completely equipp$ creative arti/s are 9 ! habit ( mak+2 !y became 8/udies0 9 ! mod]n use ( ! t]m4 ,! conditions ( _! production gave full play to ,turn]'s m>vell\s p[]s ( draughtsman%ip & =mal design4 ,be=e draw+s l ,rome f ,monte ,m>io :o c help wax+ en?usia/ic ov] ! exquisitely deft & graceful play ( h&1 ! subtle obs]vation & ! almo/ sup]human ma/]y ( ! design8 ,no wond] ,mr4 ,rusk9 has decl>$ t 8no draw+s 9 ! _w are to be nam$ ) ^! 444 z lessons 9 l&scape draw+0 78,rusk9 on ,pictures10 p4 #aeg74 ,b be=e ass5t+ :olly to ?is dictum we mu/ rememb] t1 9 spite ( all _! attractiv5ess1 ,turn] f\nd ^! draw+s worse ?an useless = 8 g5]al arti/ic purposes1 & t only bad & fooli% pictures came f !m2 & ! m c>efully we /udy ! matt] ! m cle>ly d we see t no?+ b bad & fooli% pictures c\ld come f "w 9 :i* ! _s ( curiosity & ( cold & accurate obs]vation is pr$om9ant4 ,we h fix$ our att5tion ?us f> ^u ! sket*es & draw+s made f nature 9 ! ,national ,gall]y collection1 to ! exclusion ( ! f9i%$ wat]-col\rs4 ,?is may seem all ! m inexcusable1 z ,i h pref]r$ to treat ^! sket*es r ) reg>d to _! be>+ ^u ! arti/'s f9i%$ "w--z /ages 9 ! developm5t ( ! complete "w ( art--?an z indep5d5t productions :i* c be accept$ entirely = _! own sake4 ,b 9 a %ort pap] l ! pres5t x is impossible to d ju/ice to all ! sides ( su* an important collection z ! ,draw+s ( ! ,turn] ,beque/4 ,num]ically1 ! f9i%$ draw+s =m only a small fraction ( ! :ole collection--ab\t two hundr$ out ( a total ( ov] #bj1jjj draw+s4 ,among !m are ab\t two-?irds ( ! 8,riv]s ( ,france0 draw+s1 & mo/ ( ! 8,ports0 & 8,riv]s ( ,engl&10 & ,rog]s's 8,vignettes40 ,^! draw+s 7 engrav$ dur+ ,turn]'s lifetime & "u 8 active sup]9t5d5ce2 !y are1 !re=e1 among/ ! be/ kn[n ( 8 works4 ,! :ole ( ! f9i%$ draw+s h1 moreov]1 be5 con/antly on exhibition = m ?an fifty ye>s4 ,!re rema9s1 !re=e1 little ei!r ( praise or blame to be said ( !m t has n already be5 said _m times4 ,:ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ! /udies & sket*es are only n[ on ! po9t ( be+ made accessible to ! public4 ,! practically complete s]ies ( ,turn]'s sket*es & /udies f nature seems to call = compreh5sive treatm5t4 ,_! c>eful /udy ?r[s a :olly new & unexpect$ light ^u ! fundam5tal & ess5tial qualities ( ,turn]'s attitude t[>ds nature1 & !re=e ^u ! ess5tial "* & limitations ( 8 art4 ,or :]e ! light is n altoge!r unexpect$--z x w\ld n be p]haps 9 ! case ( a dilig5t & me?odical /ud5t ( ,turn]'s complet$ works--! sket*es amplify & illu/rate 9 an abundant & =cible way :at be=e c\ld only h be5 surmis$4 ,i propose1 !re=e1 to devote ! rema9d] ( my limit$ space to an attempt to indicate z briefly z possible ! ma9 features ( ,turn]'s conception ( nature1 z x is reveal$ 9 8 sket*es1 & to po9t out its importance bo? = ! prop] und]/&+ ( 8 f9i%$ "w & = its be>+ ^u "s adv]se criticisms t h be5 br\ght aga9/ 8 "w4 ,9 my op5+ rem>ks ,i v5tur$ to contra/ ,turn]'s attitude t[>ds nature ) ! attitude ( ! majority ( contempor>y arti/s4 ,my int5tion 9 ?us oppos+ ^! two diff]5t me?ods ( "w 0 n to sugge/ t "o ( !m 0 ei!r "r or wrong 9 itself1 or t "o way 0 necess>ily bett] or worse ?an ! o!r4 ,my int5tion 0 exactly ! opposite4 ,!re is n "o type ( art production to :i* all arti/s mu/ con=m1 & two totally diff]5t me?ods ( proc$ure may ea* be positively "r & equally valid4 ,i w ev5 g f>!r ?an ?is & confess t ,i reg>d ! pres5t-day me?od ( work+ f nature z ! only "r & prop] way ( atta9+ ! results t are aim$ at4 ,b x is ! result1 ! purpose ( ! arti/1 t ju/ifies ! means1 & ?is applies ) j z mu* =ce to ,turn]'s way ( work+ z to ! mod]n way4 ,to condemn ,turn]'s proc$ure1 !re=e1 simply because x diff]s f t n[ 9 vogue1 w\ld be z unwise & unfair z to condemn ! mod]n way because x diff]$ f 84 ,diff]5t conceptions ( ! aim & scope ( art involve diff]5t attitudes t[>ds nature1 & necessitate diff]5t me?ods ( /udy4 ,let u beg9 ) ! curr5t conception--! conception ( ! l&scape arti/ ( to-day & ( ! public = :i* he works4 ,! aim ( ?is art is :at is call$ 8naturalness10 t is1 ! picture %\ld be made to look z mu* l nature z possible4 ,! /&>d ( excell5ce "h is j ! ord9>y common appe>ance ( physical reality4 ,a picture t looks l nature is good1 & "o t looks 8unnatural0 is !re=e bad4 ,?is k9d ( art is capable ( giv+ a great deal ( innoc5t pleasure to p :o l to be rem9d$ ( sc5es !y love or are int]e/$ 94 ,b x has its limits4 ,x _c g beyond ! b>e physical _w4 ,& x is b\nd to treat ev5 ?is limit$ area ( exp]i5ce f a /rictly limit$ po9t ( view4 ,x is b\nd to take ! physical _w z some?+ :i* exi/s 9 entire indep5d5ce ( ! spectator1 z some?+ :i* is inde$ giv5 9 s5se-p]ception1 b :i* ! spectator emphatically f9ds & does n make4 ,n[ s f> z we take nature 9 ?is s5se we h to d ) an ext]nal p[] :i* is utt]ly indiff]5t to our m]ely human aims & purposes1 & ! arti/ c only look ^u himself z a passive recipi5t1 a tabula rasa1 on :i* ext]nal nature is reflect$4 ,?is is ! /&po9t ( ! prosaic intellig5ce1 ! level ^u :i* mu* ( ! ord9>y reflection & discussion ( ! day moves4 ,b man is n really a passive mirror 9 :i* a =eign nature is reflect$1 nor is he satisfi$ m]ely to submit himself to natural influ5ces & vicissitudes4 ,man is nev] really satisfi$ to take ! _w z he f9ds x1 b sets to "w to trans=m x into :at he feels x ought to be4 ,! social & political _w1 ) its realms ( morality1 art & religion1 came into exi/5ce z a prote/ aga9/ ! m]ely natural4 ,9 ?is _w1 creat$ & su/a9$ by human intellig5ce & w1 ! physical _w is n aboli%$ or de/roy$1 b x is trans=m$ into a m or less will+ accomplice ( a /range & high] p[]4 ,x is 9 ?is new =m :i* nature assumes "u ! sway ( intellig5ce & w t we f9d x 9 ,turn]'s works4,b ,9 8 pres5ce ! ext]nal _w loses its /ubborn indiff]5ce to human aims & becomes saturat$ ) purely human aspiration & emotion4 ,its col\rs & %apes cease to belong to ! m]ely physical _w4 ,!y become in/ead ! g>m5t 9 :i* ! inw>d spiritual nature ( ! arti/ robes itself4 ,nature 9 ?is new aspect is no long] a m]ely ho/ile & me*anical sy/em ( laws2 a s\l has be5 brea!d into x :i* we recognize z id5tical ) our own4 ,n[ x is evid5t t ^! two k9ds ( art1 ! passive & ! active1 ) _! totally dissimil> aims1 _c & ought n to repres5t nature 9 ! same way4 ,! art :i* uses nature z a m$ium = ! expression ( ideas & feel+s _c atta9 its object by repres5t+ physical objects 9 ! simple & direct way appropriate to ! art :i* aims m]ely at naturalness4 ,! arti/'s int5tion mu/ make itself manife/ ev5 9 ! mann] 9 :i* he repres5ts physical objects1--inde$1 he has no o!r way ( express+ 8 ideas4 ,! active or creative arti/ w !re=e make x cle> t he has brok5 entirely ) ! disconnect$1 accid5tal & prosaic look ( ev]yday exi/5ce :i* x is ! "o aim ( ! passive arti/ to reta94 ,f ?is po9t ( view ! *>ges t are (t5 br\ght aga9/ ,turn]1 t 8 col\r is =c$ & unnatural1 w leave u cold & indiff]5t4 ,to make su* an objection is m]ely a pro( ( m5tal confusion4 ,! creative arti/ mu/ break ) ! prosaic vision ( nature1 if only to make x evid5t t 8 objects are n !re = _! own sake & = _! imm$iate effect1 b to call =? a response & e*o 9 ! m9d ( ! obs]v]4 ,turn]'s col\r--8dy$ 9 ! ard\rs ( ! atmosph]e0--is "o ( 8 mo/ pot5t in/rum5ts ( expression1 & mu/ be judg$ z we judge1 let u say1 ! v]bal magic ( ,%elley's v]se1 z a "w ( free beauty1 fa%ion$ 9 response to ! deepe/ & true/ crav+s ( man's nature4 ,t ,turn]'s art moves ma9ly among ! highe/ int]e/s ( man's spiritual nature acc\nts to "s ext5t = ! pre-em95t position he n[ occupies among mod]n arti/s4 ,x is always z an arti/ consci\s ( man's high de/9y t he claims to be judg$1 & ?\gh he (t5 /umbl$ & 8 h& falt]$1 he nev] once sank to ! level ( ! passive & prosaic imitator ( nature's f9itude4 ,?is is n ! place to inquire m9utely into ,turn]'s fail+s & %ortcom+s1 nor to /udy _! connection ) ! innum]able ma/]pieces 9 :i* he d>$ & sometimes atta9$ ! v highe/ ( :i* art is capable4 ,an adequate discussion ( ! subtle int]-connection ( ,turn]'s triumphs & fail+s w\ld involve ! rais+ ( que/ions ( :i* ,engli% criticism seems to pref] to rema9 9 happy ignorance4 ,i _c !re=e attempt to ju/ify my conviction t he is n only ! greate/ arti/ our nation has yet produc$1 b also "o ( ! greate/ ( mod]n arti/s1 a man we mu/ rank ) ,rembr&t & ,jean ,franois ,millet4 ,b ?is at lea/ w be g5]ally conc$$1 t he fully des]ves t consid]ation & sympa?y1 :i* ! ready in/9ct ( mank9d res]ves = ^? :o devote !mselves )\t /9t & )\t measure to ! highe/ & mo/ difficult tasks4 ,a4 ,j4 ,,f9b]g4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,i ,,! ,,ar*bi%op',s ,,palace1 ,,lambe? ,,fir/ ,,exhibit$ ,,draw+4 ,r4,a4 #agij4 ,,size #ae #aj ,,f ,,! ,,collection ,,( ,w4 ,g4 ,,rawl9son1 ,,esq4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,ii ,,! ,,m\? ,,( ,,! ,,avon4 ,,circa #agib4 ,,size #aa #h ,,f ,,! ,,collection ,,( ,w4 ,g4 ,,rawl9son1 ,,esq4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,iii ,,pet]bor\gh ,,ca!dral ,,f ,,! ,,nor? ,,circa #agid4 ,,size #g #d ,,f ,,! ,,collection ,,( ,w4 ,g4 ,,rawl9son1 ,,esq4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,iv ,,! ,,p5t1 ,,dov] ,,circa #agid4 ,,size #aj #h ,,f ,,! ,,collection ,,( ,w4 ,g4 ,,rawl9son1 ,,esq4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,v ,,di/ant ,,view ,,( ,,li*field ,,ca!dral ,,circa #agih4 ,,size #cj #ai ,,f ,,! ,,collection ,,( ,w4 ,g4 ,,rawl9son1 ,,esq4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,vi ,,ed9burgh3 ,,f ,,/4 ,,m>g>et',s ,,lo* ,,circa #ahja4 ,,size #g #e ,,9 ,,! ,,national ,,gall]y1 ,,london ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,vii ,,/oneh5ge3 ,,sunset ,,circa #ahjd4 ,,size #h #f ,,f ,,! ,,collection ,,( ,w4 ,g4 ,,rawl9son1 ,,esq4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,viii ,,sc>bor\gh ,,circa #ahab4 ,,size #af #aa ,,f ,,! ,,collection ,,( ,c4 ,,morl& ,,agnew1 ,,esq4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,ix ,,lulwor? 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,,circa #ahdj-da4 ,size #ab #h ,,9 ,,! ,,national ,,gall]y1 ,,london4 ,no4 #gfd ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xxiv ,,bell9zona3 ,,f ,,! ,,road ,,to ,,loc>no ,,circa #ahdj-da4 ,,size #aa #i ,,9 ,,! ,,national ,,gall]y1 ,,london4 ,no4 #hd ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xxv ,,lausanne3 ,,f ,,le ,,signal ,,circa #ahdb-dc4 ,,size #ac #i ,,f ,,! ,,collection ,,( ,w4 ,g4 ,,rawl9son1 ,,esq4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xxvi ,,lausanne ,,circa #ahdb-dc4 ,,size #ad #i-ac_/af ,,9 ,,! ,,national ,,gall]y1 ,,london4 ,no4 #hbd ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xxvii ,,zuri* ,,circa #ahdj-dd4 ,,size #ab #i-c_/af ,,9 ,,! ,,national ,,gall]y1 ,,london4 ,no4 #bhg ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xxviii ,,! ,,seelisb]g3 ,,moonlight ,,circa #ahdb-dc4 ,,size #aa #i ,,f ,,! ,,collection ,,( ,w4 ,g4 ,,rawl9son1 ,,esq4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xxix ,,s*affhaus53 ,,! ,,t[n ,,circa #ahdc-de4 ,,size #ah #ac ,,f ,,! ,,collection ,,( ,r4 ,,brocklebank1 ,,esq4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xxx ,,tell',s ,,*apel1 ,,fluel5 ,,circa #ahde4 ,,size #aa #i ,,f ,,! ,,collection ,,( ,w4 ,g4 ,,rawl9son1 ,,esq4 ,,footnotes3 ,a 8,biographies ( ! ,great ,arti/s--,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turn]1 ,r4,a410 ,sampson ,l[1 #ahig1 p4 #bg4 ,( ! _m biographies ( ,turn]1 ?is1 al?\gh slight1 gives probably ! be/ & true/ view ( him & 8 "w4 ,b ,turn]'s conception ( nature1 ,i may rem>k1 is id5tical ) t ( ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 :o says3 8,my notion ( nature compreh5ds n only ! =ms :i* nature produces1 b also ! nature & int]nal fabric & organisation 444 ( ! human m9d & imag9ation40 7,sev5? ,disc\rse47