,,cambridge ,,agricultural ,,monographs ,,plants ,,poison\s ,,to ,,live ,,/ock ,,cambridge ,,univ]sity ,,press ,c4 ,f4 ,,clay1 ,,manag] ,london3 ,,fett] ,,lane1 ,e4,c4 ,ed9burgh3 #ajj ,,pr9ces ,,/reet ,illu/ration ,london3 ,h4 ,k4 ,,lewis ,,& ,,co4 ,,ltd41 #acf1 ,,g[] ,,/reet1 ,w4,c4 ,london3 ,,william ,,wesley ,,& ,,son1 #bh1 ,,essex ,,/reet1 ,,/r& ,new ,york3 ,g4 ,p4 ,,putnam',s ,,sons ,bombay1 ,calcutta & ,madras3 ,,macmillan ,,& ,,co41 ,,ltd4 ,toronto3 ,j4 ,m4 ,,d5t ,,& ,,sons1 ,,ltd4 ,tokyo3 ,,! ,,m>uz5-,,kabu%iki-,,kai%a ,all rights res]v$ ,illu/ration3 a ,r$di%-br[n to r$di%-purple 8,java0 ,beans 7,phaseolus lunatus72 b 8,r$ ,rangoon0 ,beans 7,p4 lunatus72 c 8,l>ge ,:ite0 ,beans 7,p4 lunatus72 d ,ca/or ,oil ,beans 7,ric9us communis72 e 8,indian ,peas0 7,la?yrus sativus71 f ,bombay2 f ,ergot 7,claviceps purpurea71 f ,spa94 ,all natural size4 ,,plants ,,poison\s ,,to ,,live ,,/ock ,,by ,,h>old ,c4 ,,long1 ,b4,sc4 7,ed947 ( ! ,bo>d ( ,agriculture & ,fi%]ies ,au?or ( ,common ,we$s ( ! ,f>m & ,g>d5 ,cambridge3 at ! ,univ]sity ,press #aiag ,,preface ,z 9 ! case ( a previ\s volume1 ,common ,we$s ( ! ,f>m & ,g>d51 ! prep>ation ( ?is h&book 0 und]tak5 because ( ! great lack ( readily available & reliable in=mation on ! subject 9 ,engli% sci5tific lit]ature4 ,_m ( ! facts 7 kn[n to a few int]e/$ p]sons1 b _m o!rs 7 s scatt]$ "h & !re 9 te*nical reports & j\rnals t !y 7 sc>cely kn[n ev5 to exp]t *emi/s & botani/s4 ,! br++ ( ?is in=mation toge!r 9 "s sort ( ord] has involv$ consid]able lab\r ext5d+ ov] sev]al ye>s1 b if ! volume be f\nd helpful to ^? = ^: use x has be5 prep>$ ,i %all feel m ?an gratifi$4 ,t ! subject is ( importance is fully realis$ by f>m]s & vet]9>y surgeons alike1 = ! annual loss ( /ock due to poison\s plants1 ?\gh n asc]ta9able1 is und\bt$ly consid]able4 ,x 0 felt t notes on me*anical injury caus$ by plants & on ! influ5ce ( plants on milk might usefully be includ$1 z 9 "s degree relat$ to poison+2 ?is has !re=e be5 done4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a numb] ( cultivat$ plants 7e4g4 ,rhus1 ,wi/>ia7 :i* are poison\s h n be5 includ$ because exotic & h>dly likely to be eat5 by /ock4 ,fungi g5]ally also f9d no place 9 ! volume1 z !y are suffici5tly ext5sive to des]ve a volume to !mselves1 & are f> less readily id5tifi$ ?an fl[]+ plants4 ,! divid+ l9e betwe5 plants :i* are actually poison\s & ^? :i* are only suspect$ is f> f cle>1 b a division 0 consid]$ desirable = ! conv5i5ce ( ! read]1 & an endeav\r has be5 made to give a s\nd b brief /atem5t z to ! pres5t in=mation on plants poison\s to live /ock 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 ) symptoms1 toxic pr9ciples1 & a li/ ( ! m important ref]5ces to ! bibliography 9 relation to ea* plant includ$ 9 ,*apt]s ,,ii to ,,vi 7! numb]s correspond+ ) ! numb]s 9 ! ,bibliography74 ,reg>d+ symptoms x is to be regrett$ t 9 _m cases !y appe> to be ! result ( injections ( ! toxic extracts1 & n obs]vations made aft] natural poison+ by +e/ion ( ! plants4 ,fur!r1 !re may frequ5tly be d\bt z to ! id5tification ( ! plant suspect$ ( caus+ poison+2 inde$1 9 "s cases x is possible t ! id5tification re/s on ! vet]9>y surgeon or ! /ockman ?9k+ a c]ta9 plant is ! cause4 ,! mo/ complete & sy/ematic acc\nt ( ,european poison\s plants is t ( ,cornev9 7#ahhg71 & ref]5ces to poison\s plants 9 ! ord9>y lit]ature are heavily indebt$ to him4 ,9 s f> z ! toxic pr9ciples ( ! plants are conc]n$1 h[ev]1 8 book is 9 _m in/ances no long] reliable4 ,! *emical =mulae1 quot$ = ! use ( /ud5ts & rese>* work]s1 h be5 *eck$ by consult+ works by ! foll[+ au?ors1 ! ref]5ce to ! bibliography be+ giv5 9 brackets3 ,h5ry 7#abh71 ,dun/an 7#gf71 ,all5 7#d71 ,haas & ,hill 7#aad71 ,?orpe 7#bdj71 ,van ,rijn 7#beb71 ,kob]t 7#afa71 ,ess] 7#ha71 & ,beil/e9 7#af74 ,ap>t f ! lit]ature consult$ ,i desire to ackn[l$ge my great indebt$ness to ! ,bo>d ( ,agriculture & ,fi%]ies = k9d p]mission to make use ( (ficial records2 to ,mr ,f4 ,w4 ,g>nett1 ,m4,r4,c4,v4,s41 = k9dly read+ ! pro(s f ! vet]9>y /&po9t2 to v _m ,exp]im5t ,/ations1 ,/ate ,dep>tm5ts ( ,agriculture1 & o!r au?orities 9 ,au/ralasia1 ,am]ica & ! ,cont95t ( ,europe1 = assi/ance giv5 & lit]ature s5t2 to ,sir ,david ,pra9 & memb]s ( ! /aff at ,kew = mu* fri5dly advice1 & aid 9 consult+ ! ,kew libr>y2 to ,sir ,james ,dobbie = p]mission to sp5d "s "t at ! ,gov]nm5t ,laboratories to consult c]ta9 volumes2 to ,mr ,t4 ,h4 ,middleton1 ,c4,b41 ,dr4 ,e4 ,j4 ,russell1 ,pr(essor ,w4 ,som]ville1 ,sir ,/ew>t ,/ockman1 ,pr(essor ,t4 ,b4 ,wood1 & o!rs1 = in=mation & _m helpful sugge/ions2 to my fri5d ,mr ,w4 ,a4 ,:atm\gh1 ,b4,sc4 7,lond471 = _m sugge/ions & k9dly read+ ! pro(s2 & to my colleague ,mr ,w4 ,r4 ,black = invaluable help 9 prep>+ notes1 *eck+ data & read+ pro(s4 ,to all ^!1 & _m o!rs :o are n m5tion$ by "n1 ,i t5d] my s9c]e ?anks4 ,= any %ortcom+s ,i crave ! indulg5ce ( my read]s1 only reque/+ t !y be fri5dly en\gh to sp>e a mom5t to call my att5tion !reto4 ,h4 ,c4 ,,long4 ,,surbiton1 ,octob]1 #aiaf4 ,,cont5ts ,,*ap4 ,,page ,i4 ,,introduction #a ,:at is a ,poison\s ,plant8 ,h>m done by ,poison\s ,plants4 ,circum/ances 9 :i* ,poison+ occurs4 ,effect ( ,soil1 ,climate & ,cultivation on ! ,toxic ,prop]ties ( ,plants4 ,v>iation 9 ! ,poison\s ,p>ts ( ,plants4 ,eradication ( ,poison\s ,plants4 ,treatm5t ( ,poison$ ,animals4 ,te/s ) ,suspect$ ,plants4 ,legal ,aspect ( ,plant ,poison+4 ,! ,toxic ,pr9ciples ( ,plants4 ,,ii4 ,,ranunculace4 ,,papav]ace4 ,,crucif]4 ,,c>yophyllace4 ,,hyp]ic9e4 ,,g]aniace #i ,,iii4 ,,cela/race4 ,,rhamnace4 ,,papilionace4 ,,rosace4 ,,cucurbitace4 ,,umbellif] #bd ,,iv4 ,,araliace4 ,,caprifoliace4 ,,composit4 ,,ericace4 ,,primulace4 ,,oleace4 ,,convolvulace4 ,,solanace #dc ,v4 ,,scrophul>9e4 ,,polygonace4 ,,?ymelace4 ,,euphorbiace4 ,,am5tace4 ,,conif]4 ,,aroide #fa ,,vi4 ,,dioscoride4 ,,liliace4 ,,gram9e4 ,,equisetace4 ,,filices4 ,,fungi #gh ,,vii4 ,,plants ,,suspect$ ,,( ,,be+ ,,poison\s #ib ,,viii4 ,,! ,,effects ,,( ,,plants ,,on ,,milk4 ,,plants ,,:i* ,,cause ,,me*anical ,,injury #ii ,,ix4 ,,classification ,,( ,,poisons #ajc ,,bibliography #ajf ,,index #aad ,photograph ( ?ree v>ieties ( ,phaseolus beans1 ( ,ca/or ,oil ,beans1 ,indian ,peas1 & ,ergot ,frontispiece ,,*apt] ,i ,,introduction4 ,:at is a ,poison\s ,plant8 ,z w be %[n lat]1 s-call$ 8poison\s0 plants diff] widely 9 8degree ( h>mfulness10 & x is highly probable t "u ord9>y conditions _m ( ! plants commonly reput$ to be poison\s are really almo/ or q h>mless4 ,x is possible1 h[ev]1 t a plant usually unsuspect$ may on occasion prove noxi\s--= example1 ,nepeta ,gle*oma 7p4 #if71 includ$ z suspect$ ( poison+ horses4 ,= ^! reasons1 no l9e ( dem>cation c be drawn to sep>ate actually poison\s plants f ^? :i* are suspect$ or are almo/ c]ta9ly q h>mless2 & a l>ge numb] ( species is includ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,vii z suspect$1 _m ( !m1 h[ev]1 be+ almo/ c]ta9ly m or less poison\s 9 c]ta9 circum/ances4 ,9 _m cases x is practically impossible to come to any conclusion z to ! degree ( toxicity ( a plant1 ow+ to ! want ( exact in=mation4 ,_m plants are q h>mless except :5 affect$ by fungi1 m\lds1 etc4 ,a really poison\s plant may be def9$ z "o a small quantity ( :i* :5 eat5 induces "s =m ( indisposition ) irritant1 n>cotic1 or n]v\s symptoms1 ) s]i\s or ev5 fatal consequ5ces ei!r imm$iately or by reason ( cumulative action ( ! toxic prop]ty4 ,h>m done by ,poison\s ,plants4 ,a p]usal ( ! foll[+ pages w af=d conv9c+ pro( t ! "q ( ! g5]al 8:olesom5ess0 ( wild plants is wor?y ( s]i\s consid]ation by all :o are int]e/$ 9 ! practice ( agriculture4 ,/ill m important is a satisfactory k ( ! ext5t to :i* plants are actually poison\s--t is1 suffici5tly injuri\s :5 eat5 9 small or l>ge quantities to induce m or less sev]e indisposition1 illness or dea?1 ) ! consequ5t losses :i* su* br+ 9 _! tra9--loss ( milk & meat production 9 ! case ( cattle1 ( meat & wool production 9 %eep1 ( p[] 9 ! horse1 ( exp5diture 9 att5dance & vet]9>y treatm5t g5]ally1 & possibly total loss by dea? ( ! animals conc]n$4 ,! losses due to ,poison\s ,plants 9 ,great ,brita9 happily af=d no comp>ison :atev] ) ! imm5se losses su/a9$ 9 "s o!r c\ntries1 su* z ! cases ( lup9e poison+ m5tion$ at p4 #bi1 b dea?s are suffici5tly num]\s to make x c]ta9 t f9ancial losses are 9 ! aggregate v heavy4 ,9 ?is connection x may suffice to ref] to ! _m cases ( yew poison+1 ! losses due to ,umbellif]s 7pp4 #cf-db71 & ! in/ance report$ 9 ! ,/af=d%ire ,weekly ,s5t9el 9 relation to mead[ saffron & wat] hemlock 7p4 #hj74 ,fur!r1 x appe>s to be extremely likely t _m losses due to unasc]ta9$ causes are really due to plant poison+4 ,= ?is reason vet]9>y surgeons w be well advis$ always to consid] ?is possibility &1 if ne$ be1 to obta9 ! s]vices ( a tra9$ botani/ to survey ! f>m or field involv$1 ) ! object ( decid+ :e!r poison\s plants are pres5t4 ,circum/ances 9 :i* ,poison+ occurs4 ,x may be assum$ t _m plants are to a consid]able ext5t protect$ f animals by ! fact t !y h an unpleasant od\r1 are acrid or bitt] to ! ta/e1 or are actually toxic 9 "*1 j z o!rs assume su* protective devices z sp9es4 ,9 a /ate ( nature animals appe> to avoid in/9ctively su* plants z are toxic or 8un:olesome10 & to be less readily poison$ ?an are dome/icat$ animals liv+ "u artificial conditions4 ,inde$1 x has be5 rem>k$ t f>m /ock re>$ 9 a locality :]e c]ta9 poison\s plants ab\nd are mu* less likely to be injur$ by ^! plants ?an animals import$ f a di/rict :]e !y d n occur4 ,! individuality ( /ock is also a factor :i* may be responsible = poison+1 "s animals hav+ :at may be describ$ z a deprav$ appetite = unusual & unappetis+ food plants4 ,x w\ld appe> t animals are (t5 tempt$ to eat d>k-gre5 plants ( luxuriant gr[? :i* are s(t & succul5t4 ,?is is especially true :5 ! plants are "y & t5d]1 p>ticul>ly z reg>ds %eep1 :i*1 h[ev]1 usually avoid tall1 old rank-gr[+ & co>se h]bage--unless absolutely press$ by hung]4 ,cattle1 h[ev]1 are n s p>ticul>1 & w commonly eat l>ge co>se-gr[+ plants4 ,%eep h be5 obs]v$ to be p>ticul>ly v>iable 9 _! *oice ( food plants1 n only individually 9 ! flock1 b f day to day4 ,*esnut & ,wilcox rem>k#a t 8!re seems to be no way ( acc\nt+ = ! appetite or ta/e ( /ock4 ,?is /atem5t is p]haps especially true ( %eep4 ,we h (t5 obs]v$ %eep eat+ gre$ily on "o day plants :i* !y c\ld sc>cely be p]suad$ to eat on ! foll[+ day on ! same range40 ,9 ! case ( "o flock ( %eep on a foo?ill range at an altitude ( #d1fjj ft4 8a few ( ! %eep 7 obs]v$ eat+ l>ge quantities ( wild sunfl[] 7,balsamorhiza sagittata71 a few ate freely ( false lup9e 7,!rmopsis rhombifolia71 "s conf9$ _! att5tion l>gely to ! wild g]anium1 :ile o!rs ate false esp>cet 7,a/ragalus bisulcatus7 almo/ exclusively4 ,two %eep 7 se5 eat+ ! leaves ( lup9e1 & ab\t fifty ate a great] or less quantity ( ,zygad5us v55osus1 :ile ! majority ( %eep 9 ! b& f$ exclusively ^u ! native grasses on ! range40 ,footnote #a3 8,! ,/ock-,poison+ ,plants ( ,montana10 ,v4 ,k4 ,*esnut & ,e4 ,v4 ,wilcox4 ,bul4 ,no4 #bf4 ,u4,s4 ,dept4 ,agric41 ,div4 ,bot41 #aija4 ,horses also h be5 kn[n to acquire 9 ,am]ica a deprav$ appetite = horsetail & loco-we$4 ,! diff]5t species ( live /ock are (t5 q diff]5tly affect$ by poison\s plants1 "s be+ v susceptible to a giv5 plant :ile o!rs may be little or n at all susceptible4 ,"o species 7e4g4 ! pig7 may readily vomit ! poison ( a plant :i* is emetic1 :ile ano!r 7e4g4 ! horse7 may be unable to d s & h5ce be ! m s]i\sly injur$4 ,! v>iability ( ! diff]5t classes ( live /ock 9 ?is respect is frequ5tly br\ght out 9 ,*apt]s ,,ii to ,,vi4 ,poison\s effects may also v>y ) ! individuality & age ( animals ( ! same species4 ,at c]ta9 p]iods ( ! ye>--e4g4 9 e>ly spr+1 & dur+ dry summ]s1--!re may be a sc>city ( gre5 h]bage1 & ?is may induce animals to eat any gre5 plants :i* are especially e>ly1 includ+ poison\s ones1 :i* !y w\ld o!rwise refuse4 ,9 "s cases poison\s plants :i* d n lose _! toxic prop]ties on dry+ 7e4g4 mead[ saffron7 may be includ$ 9 hay1 & h5ce f9d _! way to /ock 9 su* a =m t !y may n be di/+ui%$4 ,x has be5 f\nd1 h[ev]1 t "s poison\s plants or p>ts ( !m are refus$ by /ock :5 mix$ ) good h]bage 9 hay4 ,c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ t poison\s plants are n includ$ ) hay or gre5 fodd]1 & 9 cases ( poison+ all =age %\ld be exam9$4 ,animals may also be poison$ by c]ta9 toxic se$s 7e4g4 corn cockle7 f$ to !m ) c]eal gra9s1 9 fe$+ /uffs g5]ally1 or 9 ! refuse se$s f ! s\rces m5tion$4 ,"h aga9 judgm5t is necess>y1 & x is probably advisable on all c\nts to burn ! we$ se$s & simil> refuse f ! s\rces m5tion$4 ,poison\s se$s may occur 9 l[ quality fe$+ /uffs1 & poison\s se$s ( =eign orig9 are occasionally sold = food purposes ow+ to ! mi/ak5 idea t !y are a valuable addition to ! ration 7e4g4 ! poison\s 8,java0 beans74 ,9 any case 9 :i* an animal is believ$ to h be5 poison$ pur*as$ fe$+ /uffs %\ld always be consid]$ z a possible s\rce ( injury & be submitt$ to exam9ation4 ,clipp+s & trimm+s f g>d5s & %rubb]ies h prov$ a m or less common cause ( live /ock poison+1 su* mat]ial be+ too (t5 c>elessly ?r[n out = animals to pick ov]4 ,9 su* circum/ances x may q easily happ5 t ! animals get yew1 daphne1 privet1 rhodod5dron1 azalea1 solanums1 & o!r plants ( a poison\s "*4 ,= ?is reason x is bett] to de/roy su* trimm+s1 etc41 by burn+ !m1 or by add+ !m to ! compo/ heap z ! case may be4 ,a fur!r s\rce ( poison+ mu/ be not$ "h--fle%y & p>asitic fungi 7toad/ools1 ru/ fungi71 m\lds & simil> organisms4 ,_m toad/ools are directly poison\s :5 eat51 b ! microscopic organisms are probably 9 !mselves h>mless1 ?\gh tak5 ) food :i* !y are responsible = injur+ 7bad hay1 cakes1 etc471 ! poison+ be+ due to ! *ang$ & damag$ fe$+ /uffs1 or possibly to poison\s pr9ciples directly elaborat$ by ! microscopic fungi4 ,fungi & relat$ organisms _c be dealt ) 9 ?is volume1 b x may at lea/ be said t ! use ( m\ldy hay & simil>ly affect$ fe$+ /uffs is att5d$ ) "s dang]1 :i* is n yet v cle>ly def9$4 ,effect ( ,soil1 ,climate & ,cultivation on ! ,toxic ,prop]ties ( ,plants4 ,9 g5]al1 wild poison\s plants are ri*] 9 ei!r alkaloids or glucosides ?an ! same species :5 cultivat$1 ?\gh !re are exceptions4 ,9 _m cases x is f\nd t plants v>y consid]ably 9 toxicity1 or ! p]c5tage cont5t ( ! poison\s pr9ciple1 accord+ to soil1 light1 moi/ure1 etc4 ,solanace\s plants 9 p>ticul> v>y 9 ?is way1 & "o or two in/ances may be giv5 z examples4 ,solanum nigrum v>ies s mu* t x has be5 reg>d$ z h>mless 9 "o c\ntry & q poison\s 9 ano!r 7p4 #eb74 ,exp]im5ts conduct$ at ! ,arl+ton ,exp]im5tal ,f>m1 ,virg9ia1 %[$ t 9 #bd fir/-ye> plants ( ,atropa ,belladonna gr[n 9 #aiaj ! alkaloid cont5ts ( ! leaves v>i$ f #jccd to #jgjj p] c5t41 & av]ag$ #jedg p] c5t4 ,9 #aiaa ! alkaloid cont5ts 7usually ! av]age ( five pick+s7 ( ! leaves ( #ei plants v>i$ f #jcjf to #jgff p] c5t41 & av]ag$ #jecb p] c5t4 ,9 #aiab ! alkaloid cont5ts 7commonly ! av]age ( #e pick+s7 ( ! leaves ( #eg plants v>i$ f #jceb to #jgfh p] c5t41 & av]ag$ #jede p] c5t4 ,9 individual plants at a s+le pick+ ! highe/ alkaloid cont5t 9 #aiaa 0 #jibe & ! l[e/ #jbjj1 & 9 #aiab ! highe/ 0 #jhhb & ! l[e/ #jbib4 7,j\r4 ,agric4 ,res41 ,i4 #b1 ,nov41 #aiac47 ,! v>iation 9 ! p]c5tage ( poison\s pr9ciple 0 well %[n 9 sev]al pap]s read at ! ,int]national ,congress ( ,appli$ ,*emi/ry held at ,wa%+ton & ,new ,york 9 #aiab 7see ,*emi/ & ,druggi/ reports74 ,= example1 ,c>r /at$ t at ! ,wellcome ,mat]ia ,m$ica ,f>m1 ,d>t=d1 ,k5t1 ! effect ( manur+ on m$ic9al plants has be5 te/$ = "s ye>s1 & ! effect ( ! m common f]tilis]s on ,atropa ,belladonna 0 %[n by ! foll[+ table3-- ,p]c5tage ( ,alkaloid 9 ,dry ,/em & ,leaf #aijf #aijg #aiaj #aiaa #aiab ,f]tilis] ,"t ( ,p] acre #crd #d? #a/ #bnd #crd ,application ye>'sye>'sye>'sye>'sye>'s plantsplantsplantsplantsplants ,ma9 crop #jed #jcd #jfa #jei #jfh ,f>my>d ,m>* #ej loads #jed #jcd #jfa #jec #jga manure ,nitrate ,m>* #b cwt4 #jeb #jbc #jed #jdf #jfd ,april ,calcium ,d4 #a cwt4 #jfi #jdi #jge cyanamide ,basic slag ,d4 #b cwt4 #jfa #jfe #jef #jhd ,sup]phosphate ,d4 #e cwt4 #jdf #jha #jdi #jgf ,pota% ,d4 #e cwt4 #jfa #jdj #jge #jec #jfi ,9 consid]+ ^! results x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! soil is naturally suit$ to ! plant1 & ! p]c5tage ( alkaloid obta9$ )\t add$ f]tilis]s is already high4 ,! l[ figures obta9$ 9 #aijg 7 probably due to ! seasonal conditions4 ,atmosph]ic conditions h a modify+ influ5ce4 ,x 0 also %[n t ! ,belladonna root ( comm]ce v>ies greatly 9 alkaloid /r5g?4 8,9 a numb] ( analyses made ( comm]cial roots1 v>iations f #jbg to #jfi p] c5t4 h occurr$4 ,! av]age ( tw5ty-"o analyses ( ,g]man & ,au/rian comm]cial roots 0 #jdj p] c5t4 ,o!r obs]v]s h record$ simil> results4 ,*evali] 7,compt4 ,r5d41 #aiaj1 #aej1 #cdd7 gives ! foll[+ figures = ,cont95tal roots3 ,fr5*1 #jcjj to #jdej p] c5t42 ,au/rian1 #jbea to #jcgb p] c5t42 ,italian1 #jajg to #jahg p] c5t4 ,h5d]son has %[n ! av]age ( ?irty samples ( =eign root to be #jc p] c5t4 ,x is int]e/+ to obs]ve t ! av]age ( n9e samples ( root gr[n at ,d>5? is #jed p] c5t4 ,9 ord] to det]m9e :e!r ?is v>iation 0 due to collect+ at diff]5t times ( ! ye>1 roots f ! same plot1 d]iv$ f second ye>'s plants1 :i* 7 s[n at ! same "t1 7 dug up at int]vals & dri$4 ,! foll[+ is a record ( ! analysis ( ^! samples3-- ,m>*1 #aiaa #jef p] c5t4 ,may1 #aiaa #jei ,june1 #aiaa #jec ,augu/1 #aiaa #jej ,decemb]1 #aiaa #jei 8,! am\nt ( v>iation ?r\gh\t ! ye> is ?us se5 to be v small40 ,dun/an 7,bul4 ,imp4 ,in/41 #aije7 has %[n t ,hyoscyamus muticus gr[n 9 ,india yield$ #jc to #jd p] c5t4 ( hyoscyam9e1 b t ! same species gr[n 9 ,egypt produc$ #jf to #ab p] c5t4 ,accord+ to ,ess] no coni9e is f\nd 9 ,conium maculatum gr[+ 9 ! f> nor?4 ,! same au?ority says t ! root ( ,hyoscyamus nig] is q free f toxic prop]ties 9 w9t]4 ,v>iation 9 ! ,poison\s ,p>ts ( ,plants4 ,z w be %[n 9 succe$+ *apt]s1 _m plants 7e4g4 mead[ saffron7 are poison\s 9 all _! p>ts1 ?\gh ! am\nt ( ! toxic sub/ance may diff] accord+ z to :e!r ! se$s1 leaves1 /em or roots are sev]ally consid]$4 ,9 o!r cases "o "p ( ! plant alone is toxic 7e4g4 ! se$s1 z 9 corn cockle74 ,fur!r1 "s species v>y 9 ! p]c5tage ( ! toxic sub/ance 9 ! leaves be=e & aft] fl[]+4 ,frequ5tly ! root is ! mo/ toxic portion ( ! plant4 ,?is po9t may be usefully recollect$ 9 relation to poison+ ( live /ock1 :i* are 9 g5]al affect$ by ! foliage or ripe se$s4 ,eradication ( ,poison\s ,plants4 ,:]ev] poison\s plants are f\nd1 p>ticul>ly 9 quantity1 :]e !y are liable to be eat5 by live /ock1 an attempt %\ld be made to eradicate !m4 ,!y may be simply dealt ) z we$s z may be necess>y accord+ to ! species conc]n$4 ,:5 any difficulty is exp]i5c$ 9 reg>d ei!r to det]m9ation ( ! species or to me?ods ( eradication ! advice ( ! ,bo>d ( ,agriculture & ,fi%]ies 7,:itehall ,place1 ,london1 ,s4,w47 %\ld be reque/$4 ,/ock %\ld at once be remov$ f a suspect$ pa/ure1 :i* %\ld be imm$iately & ?or\ghly exam9$ by a compet5t botani/4 ,h>mful plants %\ld be eradicat$ & _! place fill$ by bett] h]bage4 ,treatm5t ( ,poison$ ,animals4 ,?is volume makes no pret5sions to deal ) ! vet]9>y treatm5t ( cases ( plant poison+4 ,:5ev] poison+ is suspect$ ! s]vices ( a vet]9>y surgeon %\ld be s\ght )\t delay2 ! text books at 8 disposal w aid him 9 ! treatm5t ( any case :i* pres5ts unusual difficulties4 ,! symptoms indicat$ 9 ! foll[+ pages1 toge!r ) ! possible discov]y ( a suspect$ plant1 may be utilis$ 9 diagnosis4 ,te/s ) ,suspect$ ,plants4 ,! action ( plants on animals may be asc]ta9$ 7#a7 by obs]v+ ! effects 9 cases 9 :i* x has be5 e/abli%$ t ! plants h be5 eat51 or 7#b7 by direct exp]im5tal fe$+ ( animals ) ! plant4 ,9 ! fir/ case ! results may be accurate & satisfactory if obs]vations h be5 made f ! outset4 ,z reg>ds 7#b7 ! results may or may n be satisfactory accord+ z ! plan pursu$ is s\nd or o!rwise4 ,= example1 x _c be consid]$ altoge!r reasonable & satisfactory to extract ! pr9ciples pres5t 9 ! plant1 inject !m into ! blood /ream1 & conclude f any ill effects t ! animal may exhibit t ! plant is poison\s1 s9ce ! sub/ance extract$ may be poison\s "u su* conditions b little or n at all h>mful :5 ! plant is eat5 9 ! small quantities commonly tak5 by animals4 ,aga91 x _c be held satisfactory to fe$ an animal on a heavy & exclusive diet ( ! suspect$ plant = a consid]able p]iod4 ,! real te/ w\ld1 9 g5]al1 consi/ 9 a fe$+ trial 9 :i* ! suspect$ plant occupi$ a place 9 ! ration 9 reasonable quantity--su* a quantity z might well be tak5 9 natural circum/ances1 9 view ( its relative abundance 9 reg>d to o!r food available2 & if consid]$ likely t ! plant w\ld be eat5 daily x may be f$ regul>ly = "s days4 ,%\ld su* a te/ prove negative x may g5]ally be held t ! plant is n poison\s1 or only s 9 exceptional circum/ances4 ,legal ,aspect ( ,plant ,poison+4 ,!re is cle>ly "s legal liability 9 reg>d to poison\s plants :i* may1 by hang+ ov] a b\nd>y1 cause injury to a neighb\r's /ock4 ,! only cases kn[n to ! au?or are 9 relation to ! yew4 ,9 ! case ( ,cr[hur/ v4 ,am]%am ,burial ,bo>d 7#dh ,l4 ,j41 ,ex4 #aji2 #d ,ex4 ,d41 #e7 a ,burial ,bo>d 0 held liable = ! loss ( a horse poison$ by eat+ leaves ( a yew tree plant$ 9 ! cemet]y own$ by ! ,bo>d1 ! tree hav+ gr[n ?r\gh & ov] _! f5ce & project$ on to ! mead[ occupi$ by ! pla9tiff4 ,9 ,pont+ v4 ,noakes 7#fc ,l4 ,j4 ,b4 #edi2 7#ahid7 #b ,q4,b41 #bha7 ! def5dant 0 n held liable = ! dea? ( a horse :i* ate (f ! bran*es ( a yew tree1 because ! tree did n ext5d up to or ov] ! pla9tiff's b\nd>y1 ?\gh x ov]hung a dit*1 ! edge ( :i* 0 ! b\nd>y1 & 0 h5ce accessible to ! pla9tiff's /ock4 ,! ,toxic ,pr9ciples ( ,plants4 ,! poison\s sub/ances 9 plants may be gr\p$ ei!r 7#a7 accord+ to _! physiological effects on c]ta9 organs2 7#b7 accord+ to ! pr9cipal outw>d & p]ceptible symptoms caus$2 or 7#c7 9 accordance ) _! *emical relation%ips4 ,9 reg>d to 7#a7 ! poisons may be n]ve1 he>t1 blood-poisons1 etc4 7#b7 ,! poisons may be acrid1 n>cotic1 or bo?4 ,acrid poisons are ^? :i* cause irritation or inflammation ( ! dige/ive tract 7,euphorbia1 ,ranunculus1 ,daphne1 etc472 n>cotic poisons affect only or *iefly ! bra9 7,agro/emma1 ,papav]1 ,atropa7 or *iefly ! sp9al cord 7,claviceps purpurea1 ,lolium temul5tum72 acrid-n>cotic poisons induce to a great] or less ext5t ! symptoms ( bo? ! =ego+ gr\ps 7,taxus1 ,col*icum1 ,cicuta1 ,solanum1 etc474 7#c7 ,z ! acc\nts ( ! individual plants w %[1 ! toxic pr9ciples ( _m plants are n yet well und]/ood1 ei!r z reg>ds *emical con/itution or symptoms caus$4 ,_m poisons may be driv5 (f by heat 7boil+1 dry+71 & "s plants may ?us be r5d]$ h>mless4 ,mo/ ( ! toxic pr9ciples ( our native poison\s plants are ,alkaloids or ,glucosides4 ,! =m] all conta9 nitrog51 diff] consid]ably 9 molecul> con/itution1 & are usually comb9$ ) widely di/ribut$ organic acids4 ,9 ! pure /ate !y are col\rless & usually /able1 cry/all9e or amorph\s solids1 or readily volatile liquids2 !y usually h a burn+ ta/e4 ,9 g5]al ! same base is conf9$ to species ( ! same ord]--e4g4 ,solan9e to ! ,solanace4 ,! alkaloids include ! mo/ p[]ful poisons4 ,! t]m 8,glucoside0 indicates a gr\p ( sub/ances :i* by ! action ( an acid or enzyme are split up into a sug> 7grape sug>1 galactose or rhamnose7 & o!r sub/ances 7alcohol1 aldehydes1 acids74 ,!y h a bitt] ta/e & are g5]ally readily soluble 9 wat]4 ,relat$ to ! glucosides are also ! ,sapon9s1 rem>kable = ! fact t !y induce an exce$+ly fro?y condition 9 wat]2 ! prussic acid yield+ comp\nds or cyanog5etic glucosides 7e4g4 ,amygdal9 & ,phaseolunat97 also belong to ?is gr\p4 ,o!r sub/ances w be m5tion$ 9 ! succe$+ *apt]s4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,ranunculace4 ,travell]'s ,joy 7,clematis ,vitalba ,l474 ,! ext5t to :i* ?is species is poison\s is n cle>1 ?\gh all p>ts are /at$ to be poison\s1 acrid & n>cotic1 :ile ! juice t5ds to bli/] ! sk94 ,x is rem>k$ by ,cornev9 t x is less poison\s 9 spr+1 :5 ! ass & goat br[se on x to a consid]able ext5t )\t s]i\s tr\ble1 ?an lat]1 :5 x _c be eat5 )\t dang]4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,travell]'s ,joy appe>s to conta9 /rongly poison\s sub/ances :i* h n be5 closely inve/igat$4 ,gre%(f f\nd a ,sapon9 9 ! leaves#b4 ,! poison is dissipat$ by heat4 ,footnote #b3 ,kob]t /ates t v>i\s species ( ,clematis1 ,ranunculus1 ,anemone1 & also ,cal?a palu/ris & ,trollius europu1 conta9 ,anemonal or ,pulsatilla-camphor1 :i* causes /rong local irritation1 burn+ & swell+ 9 ! m\?1 vomit+1 inte/9al inflammation1 etc4 ,symptoms4 ,:5 eat5 9 quantity ! "y %oots are diuretic1 viol5tly purgative1 caus+ dys5t]y1 & 9 r>e cases dea?4 ,appli$ to ! ext]ior x is irritat+ & ev5 vesicatory4 7,cornev947 ,,ref]5ces4 #fc1 #ha1 #aja1 #acj1 #afa1 #bcc4 ,anemone 7,anemone sp474 ,bo? our native species ( ,anemone appe> to be m or less poison\s 9 "*3 ! ,wood ,anemone or ,w9d ,fl[] 7,a4 nemorosa ,l471 & also ! ,pasque ,fl[] 7,a4 ,pulsatilla ,l474 ,^! plants1 ! =m] ( :i* gr[s 9 woods & damp %ady spots 9 fields1 & ! latt] on *alk d[ns & lime/one pa/ures1 may on occasion be tak5 by /ock 9 e>ly spr+1 :5 gre5 h]bage is n too pl5tiful1 b dea?s appe> to be r>e1 ev5 if !y h occurr$4 ,all p>ts ( ! plants conta9 a toxic pr9ciple1 :i* is volatile & de/roy$ by dry+4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,! toxic sub/ance is /at$ to be ,anemone-camphor 7oil ( ,anemone7 :i* imp>ts a bitt] ta/e to ! plants1 & itself gives rise 9 ! plant to ,anemonic acid & ,anemon9 7,c#aj;,h#h,o#d71 a v poison\s1 n>cotic sub/ance1 /at$ to be nei!r a glucoside1 nor an alkaloid1 b a r+ ketone ) ! prop]ties ( an acid anhydride4 ,symptoms4--,! symptoms record$ by ,cornev9 9 ! poison+ ( animals by ! fre% plants are nausea1 c\gh+1 vomit+ 7if possible71 /upefaction1 muscul> tremors1 & viol5t colic1 accompani$ at times by hmaturia & always by di>rha & dys5t]y4 ,!re are pron\nc$ respiratory & he>t tr\bles4 ,pott confirms ! symptoms ( hmaturia1 di>rha1 & inflammation ( ! /oma* & inte/9es 9 ! case ( ,a4 ,pulsatilla :5 f$ 9 ! gre5 condition4 ,accord+ to ,ess]1 ! plant poison affects ! sp9al cord & ! bra91 ! symptoms be+ simil> to ^? produc$ by ,aconitum ,napellus4 ,,ref]5ces4 #af1 #fc1 #ha1 #aia1 #aig1 #aih1 #bac1 #bcc1 #bdj4 ,butt]cups 7,ranunculus sp474 ,a numb] ( species ( ,ranunculus are acrid1 irritant or sev]ely poison\s1 z ! case may be4 ,!re are v>iations 9 ! poison\s "* accord+ to ! season1 & "s p>ts ( ! plant are m toxic ?an o!rs4 ,at ! "t ! "y %oots develop 9 ! spr+ b little ( ! poison\s pr9ciple is pres5t1 & "s 7e4g4 ,r4 ,fic>ia7 are n !n poison\s1 b a l>g] quantity ( ! poison\s pr9ciple =ms lat]1 & "s species are especially dang]\s at ! "t ( fl[]+1 aft] :i* ! toxicity decreases ) ! maturity & /ate ( dryness ( ! plant4 ,! fl[]s are ! mo/ poison\s1 & !n ! leaves & /em4 ,x does n seem to h be5 demon/rat$ t ! se$s ( any species are dang]\s1 ?\gh ,h5sl[ /ates t ! fruits ( "s species1 :5 gre51 appe> to be mo/ int5sely acrid4 ,"s species ( ,ranunculus are especially h>mful 7,r4 scel]atus1 ,r4 ,flammula1 & ,r4 bulbosus71 :ile o!rs are less s 7,r4 l+ua1 ,r4 ,fic>ia1 ,r4 acris74 ,! toxic pr9ciple is volatile1 & butt]cups are easily r5d]$ innocu\s by dry+ or boil+--s mu* s t :5 dri$ 9 hay !y may be reg>d$ z a n\ri%+ food = /ock1 & are readily eat54 ,inde$1 ,r4 rep5s is sc>cely1 if at all1 injuri\s ev5 :5 gre51 ?\gh a case ( fatal poison+ to %eep said to be due to ?is species 0 report$ 9 ! ,vet]9>ian 9 #ahdd4 ,fre% ,r4 aquatilis is held to be q h>mless1 & has be5 us$ z a fodd]4 8,along ! banks ( ! ,hamp%ire ,avon1 & o!r places 9 ! same neighb\rhood1 x is us$ by ! peasantry z fodd]4 ,!y collect x 9 boats & give x to _! c[s & horses1 all[+ ! =m] ab\t tw5ty to ?irty p\nds a day4 ,"o man is said to h kept five c[s & a horse1 ) little o!r food b :at !y c\ld pick up on ! hea?1 us+ no hay b :5 ! riv] 0 froz54 ,hogs eat x & w live ^u x alone until put up to fatt540 7,johnson & ,s[]by--,useful ,plants ( ,great ,brita947 ,r4 scel]atus ,l41 or ,cel]y-leav$ ,butt]cup1 is probably ! mo/ toxic species1 & x is /at$ t 9 man a s+le fl[] may cause poison\s symptoms resembl+ ^? due to ,anemone & ,col*icum4 ,x is consid]$ especially dang]\s to cattle1 & has caus$ _m losses3 among its ,fr5* names are ,mort aux ,va*es1 & ,h]be s>donique4 ,poor p h be5 kn[n to eat ! "y %oots :5 boil$1 heat dispell+ ! poison4 ,r4 ,flammula ,l41 ! ,less] ,spe>wort1 has repeat$ly prov$ fatal to horses & cattle4 ,r4 bulbosus ,l41 ! ,bulb\s ,butt]cup1 is some:at v>iable 9 toxicity1 & is lea/ dang]\s aft] ! fl[]s h dropp$ _! corolla1 & ! bulb-l root/ock is mo/ h>mful 9 autumn & w9t]4 ,! fl[]s are ! mo/ dang]\s "p4 ,r4 ,fic>ia ,l41 ,less] ,cel&9e1 v>ies 9 toxicity ) locality & season1 be+ mo/ h>mful at ! fl[]+ p]iod4 ,x is /at$ t wood-pigeons eat ! roots ) avidity1 & t ! "y %oots h be5 eat5 z a salad 9 ,g]many1 z !y are n toxic4 ,an ,engli% vet]9>y surgeon 7,fl[]7 record$ t ?ree heif]s 7 poison$ by x 7,vide ,cornev974 ,r4 acris ,l41 ,acrid ,butt]cup or ,tall ,cr[foot1 is a frequ5t cause ( poison+ 9 cattle1 & ,cornev9 says x is p]haps ! species :i* causes ! mo/ accid5ts4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,! butt]cups conta9 an acrid & bitt] juice1 ! *emical prop]ties & composition ( :i* are n well kn[n1 b x is believ$ t ! sub/ance is id5tical ) ! ,anemon9 ( ! ,anemone sp4 7q4v474 ,beckurts isolat$ ,anemon9 & ,anemonic acid f ,r4 ac]4 ,pott1 h[ev]1 /ates t ! poison\s species conta9 ! two alkaloids ,aconit9e & ,delph99e4 ,symptoms4 ,! butt]cups are acrid1 burn+ & n>cotic1 caus+ irritation ( ! muc\s membrane1 ) inflammation ( ! inte/9al tract4 ,cornev9 %[s t ,r4 scel]atus induces ga/ro-ent]itis1 colic1 di>rha ) excretion ( black f\l-smell+ fces1 vomit+ :5 possible1 fall+-(f 9 milk yield 9 c[s1 n]v\s symptoms1 r$uction 9 pulse1 & /]tor\s respiration1 dilation ( ! pupils1 enfeebl$ condition1 difficult ma/ication1 spasmodic movem5ts ( ! e>s1 lips1 etc41--foll[$ 9 s]i\s cases by convulsions1 s9k+ ( ! eye 9 its socket1 possibly /oppage1 & dea? 9 #f to #ab h\rs aft] convulsions fir/ appe>$4 ,9 ! horse symptoms sub/antially simil> to ! above h be5 record$ 7,l&]74 ,9 c[s1 ,pott records hmaturia1 & r$di% or bitt] milk4 ,%eep aft] eat+ ,r4 rep5s h be5 notic$ to fall sudd5ly 9 ! field2 _! eyes roll$1 & "s animals %[$ dizz9ess1 & di$ ) ! head incl9$ ov] ! left flank 7,l&]74 ,,ref]5ces4 #dg1 #fc1 #ha1 #aab1 #acj1 #adj1 #ade1 #agj1 #bjc1 #bjd1 #bje1 #bac1 #bcc1 #bce4 ,m>% ,m>igold or ,k+-,cup 7,cal?a palu/ris ,l474 ,l ! species ( ,ranunculus1 ! ,m>% ,m>igold is to "s ext5t poison\s 9 "*1 & bo? animals & man h suff]$4 ,cattle h di$ f eat+ x1 & ,mll] records ! poison+ ( _m horses1 "o ( :i* di$4 ,9 g5]al1 animals refuse x1 b may possibly eat x :5 press$ ) hung] 9 times ( sc>city ( gre5 h]bage4 ,cornev9 /ates t x has little or no acrid prop]ties :5 v "y1 b t x is toxic by ! "t ( fl[]+--acridity increas+ ) age4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,! toxic "* ( ! ,m>% ,m>igold has n be5 fully inve/igat$1 ?\gh ! pres5ce ( an alkaloid has be5 det]m9$1 & ,a4 ,b4 ,smi? /ates t ! toxic prop]ties are due to ! alkaloid ,j]v9e 7,c#bf;,h#cg,o#c,n#b;,h#b,o7 & ! glucoside ,hellebor9 7,c#cf;,h#db,o#f74 ,on dry+--e4g4 9 hay--! plant becomes h>mless1 z 9 ! case ( mo/ species ( ,ranunculus4 ,symptoms4 ,cornev9 records t cattle h di$ f inflammation ( ! dige/ive tract1 & gives ! symptoms z ^? ( ,ranunculus poison+4 ,!re seem to be dige/ive tr\bles1 di>rha1 & loss ( milk production1 ev5 7accord+ to ,rusby7 :5 f$ ) hay4 ,9 ! horse1 !re is colic1 bloat+1 & inflammation ( ! bladd]1 :ile ! ur9e is d>k r$4 ,accord+ to ,cornev91 ! symptoms are simil> to ^? produc$ by ,ranunculus sp4 ,pammel quotes ,fri$b]g] & ,frhn] z /at+ t ! plant causes hmaturia4 ,five p]sons :o ate x z a h]b 7 8seiz$ ) viol5t sickness & pa9 9 ! abdom51 foll[$ by di>rha & g5]al demat\s swell+ ov] ! :ole body10 b !y recov]$ 7,johnson & ,s[]by74 ,,ref]5ces4 #fc1 #ha1 #adj1 #aij1 #bjc1 #bac1 #bcc4 ,hellebores 7,helleborus sp474 ,two poison\s species ( hellebore may on occasion be tak5 by live /ock1 ?\gh r>ely--,/9k+ ,hellebore 7,h4 ftidus ,l47 & ,gre5 ,hellebore 7,h4 viridis ,l474 ,! mu* e/eem$ ,*ri/mas ,rose 7,h4 nig]7 is also toxic1 b unlikely to be eat5 by /ock4 ,9 no case %\ld trimm+s ( ^! plants f %rubb]ies1 etc41 be ?r[n to /ock--c[s h di$ f eat+ su* trimm+s4 ,! two species fir/ m5tion$ are equally toxic1 all p>ts are poison\s1 & dry+ does n r5d] !m innocu\s4 ,cornev9 records t animals h be5 kill$ by ,h4 ftidus1 & says t #i oz4 ( ! fre% root or #b oz4 ( ! dri$ root are poison\s doses to ! horse1 :ile #abj to #aej gra9s are fatal to %eep4 ,x 0 record$ 9 #ahdg 7,vet]9>ian7 by ,may] t a horse 0 fatally poison$ ?r\gh eat+ five half-p9ts ( ! *opp$-up leaves ( ?is species 9 two days 9 a bran ma%4 ,9 reg>d to ?is species also ,johnson & ,s[]by write3 8,! ,be>'s-,foot has be5 us$ z a v]mifuge ev] s9ce ! days ( ,hippocrates1 not)/&+ its dang]\s qualities4 ,e "p ( ! plant is a viol5t ca?>tic1 b f> too unc]ta9 9 ! degree ( its action to be safely adm9i/]$40 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,bo? species conta9 ! poison\s glucosides ,hellebor9 7,c#cf;,h#db,o#f71 a highly n>cotic & p[]ful poison2 ,hellebore9 7,c#bf;,h#dd,o#ae72 & ! alkaloid ,j]v9e 7,c#bf;,h#cg,o#c,n#b;,h#b,o74 ,symptoms4 ,! ,hellebores are ca?>tic1 n>cotic1 & dra/ically purgative4 ,/upor is foll[$ by dea? ) spasms 9 ! case ( ,h4 viridis 7,pammel74 ,9 g5]al !re is 9 ! horse & ox bloody purgation1 salivation1 attempts to vomit1 & excessive ur9ation1 accord+ to ,l&]1 :o cites ,may] z not+ viol5t /ra9+ & ! dis*>ge ( fro?y mucus1 b no ef=t to vomit1 ! he>t action resembl+ t obs]v$ 9 ,digitalis poison+1 %[+ p]iodic int]vals ( arre/ 9 sy/ole4 ,mll] gives ! symptoms 9 cattle & %eep aft] eat+ ! leaves z loss ( appetite1 nausea1 & ev5 vomit+1 salivation1 gr9d+ ( tee?1 w9d1 colic1 bloody di>rha1 decrepitude1 gidd9ess1 loss ( s5sation1 convulsions1 & n seldom dea?4 ,affect$ c[s are /at$ to give bitt] milk :i* has purgative effects 7,pott74 ,! poison+ ( two c[s by ,h4 viridis came "u ! notice ( ,cornev94 ,!re 0 obs]v$ loss ( appetite1 di>rha1 t5esmus1 viol5t attempts to evacuate1 :i* aft] #e or #f days result$ only 9 ! expulsion ( gl>e\s blacki% matt]2 to ! end ! pulse 0 sl[ & int]mitt5t4 ,! he>t beats 7 weak1 & aft] #e or #f beats !re 0 a /op equal 9 duration to at lea/ a beat & a half4 ,a rem>kable fact 0 ! v gradual loss ( condition1 :ile ! milk secretion 0 ma9ta9$ until ! la/ day4 ,9 "o case dea? occurr$ aft] #ab days & 9 ! o!r aft] #bh days4 ,,ref]5ces4 #fc1 #ha1 #acj1 #adj1 #agj1 #aij1 #bjc1 #bje1 #bac1 #bcc1 #bed4 ,l>kspur 7,delph9ium ,ajacis ,rei*474 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica c]ta9 species ( ,l>kspur are exce$+ly h>mful to live /ock1 & x has be5 said t 8) ! exception ( ! ,loco we$s !re is probably no poison\s plant on ! cattle ranges ( ! ,we/ t has caus$ su* heavy losses to /ockm5 z has l>kspur0 7,f>4 ,bul4 #ec1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ,agric474 ,d4 ,ajacis is ! only ,briti% species1 occurr+ 9 cornfields 9 ,cambridge%ire1 ,sussex & else:]e1 &1 l ! ,cont95tal species ,d4 ,consolida1 mu/ be reg>d$ z poison\s & fatal to cattle1 :ile horses & %eep may also suff]4 ,%eep & goats1 h[ev]1 appe> to resi/ ! poison unless tak5 9 consid]able quantity4 ,wilcox fatally poison$ a ye>l+ lamb )9 an h\r ( adm9i/]+ p] os ! extract f less ?an #a oz4 ( ! dri$ leaves ( an ,am]ican species4 ,! se$s are ! mo/ dang]\s "p ( ! ,l>kspur1 & %\ld nev] be gr\nd up ) :eat %\ld ! two plants gr[ toge!r4 ,! se$s ( ,d4 ,/aphisagria are us$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,! species ,d4 ,ajacis has be5 little /udi$1 b ,d4 ,consolida & ,d4 ,/aphisagria conta9 ! alkaloids ,delph99e 7,c#ca;,h#di,o#g,n71 v poison\s & hav+ a bitt] ta/e2 ,delphis9e 7,c#ca;,h#di,o#g,n71 :i* is extremely poison\s2 ,delph9oid9e 7,c#db;,h#fh,n#b,o#g71 :i* is poison\s2 & ,/aphisagr9e4 ,symptoms4 ,! se$s are /at$ to be emetic & purgative1 & ,d4 ,consolida is /at$ by ,pott to be an acute n>cotic poison to horses & cattle4 ,9 g5]al ! symptoms appe> to resemble ^? produc$ by ,aconitum 7p4 #ae74 ,!re is salivation1 vomit+1 colic1 convulsions1 & g5]al p>alysis 7,mll]74 ,,ref]5ces4 #af1 #fc1 #ic1 #abh1 #acj1 #aij1 #bjc1 #bjd1 #bje1 #bac1 #bcc4 ,monk%ood 7,aconitum ,napellus ,l474 ,! extremely poison\s "* ( ?is plant has be5 recognis$ s9ce anci5t times1 & x is m5tion$ by ,pl9y1 ,dioscorides1 etc4 ,x is n common 9 ! wild /ate 9 ,brita9--*iefly occurr+ 9 "s ,wel% & "o or two ,we/ ( ,engl& c\nties--& is n v liable to cause poison+ ( live /ock 9 ,brita94 ,cases ( poison+ ( horses1 cattle1 %eep & pigs h be5 record$ on ! ,cont95t1 h[ev] 7,cornev971 & c[s di$ 9 ,victoria4 ,l9nu says t x is fatal to c[s & goats :5 !y eat x fre%1 b t :5 dri$ x does no h>m to horses4 ,m$ical works record _m cases ( human poison+1 p>ticul>ly 9 cases :]e ! root has be5 mi/ak5 = horse radi%--f :i*1 h[ev]1 x m>k$ly diff]s4 ,! leaves at fir/ ta/e insipid & !n %>ply burn+2 ! root :5 fre% smells l ! radi% & has a slightly sweeti% ta/e1 :i* is succe$$ by *>act]i/ic t+l+ ( ! tongue & a s5sation ( numbness 9 ! m\?4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,monk%ood is v poison\s1 & ?\gh all p>ts are toxic ! root is ! mo/ dang]\s1 & next ! se$s & leaves4 ,! plant seems to v>y 9 toxicity ) age & climate1 be+ b slightly active :5 v "y1 mo/ active j be=e fl[]+1 & at ! m9imum ( activity :5 ! se$s rip54 ,! cultivat$ =m is /at$ to be mu* less poison\s ?an ! wild "o4 ,dry+ removes a "p ( ! toxic sub/ance1 & boil+ removes mo/ ( x4 ,! plant conta9s ! toxic alkaloid ,aconit9e 7,c#cd;,h#de,,no#aa71 & also ,acon9e 7,c#be;,h#ci,,no#i74 ,! root conta9s #jag to #jbh p] c5t4 ( ,aconit9e1 b ! leaves & fl[]s less4 ,symptoms4 ,! *ief symptoms are ^? ( depression1 & are manife/$ ?r\gh ! n]v\s sy/em & ! circulatory & respiratory organs4 ,tetanic symptoms are also pres5t4 ,!re is loss ( appetite1 salivation1 inflammation ( ! muc\s membrane ( ! m\? & jaws1 gr9d+ ( tee?1 nausea & vomit+1 great re/lessness & colic2 ! animal groans & walks ) an unc]ta9 gait ow+ to bodily weakness1 gidd9ess & p>alysis ( h9d feet or ( all limbs2 !re is also a notable slack5+ 9 ! pulse1 brea?+ becomes difficult1 consci\sness is lo/ & ! pupils are dilat$4 ,dea? ensues 9 mo/ cases )9 a few h\rs1 & aft] convulsions4 ,kaufmann 7quot$ by ,cornev97 obs]v$ 9 ! horse *amp+ ( ! jaws1 salivation1 fibrill\s contraction ( ! muscles ( ! olecranon1 !n ( ! buttocks1 !n ( ! :ole body4 ,! inte/9al pa9s 7 %[n by ! bl[s ( ! animal's h9d feet "u & at ! back ( ! belly4 ,!re 0 also obs]v$ an int5se & pa9ful contraction ( ! muscles 9 ! inf]ior c]vical region1 ! hyoid & ! abdom52 an increas$ s5sibility2 repeat$ evacuations2 at fir/ conge/ion1 !n great pal5ess ( ! muc\s membranes2 dim9ution 9 ! volume ( ! art]ies2 fa9t :9ny+s at ! mom5t ( ! contraction ( ! muscles ( ! neck1 %\ld]s & /oma*2 muscul> rigidity ( ! po/]ior limbs2 unc]ta9 gait2 lab\r$ brea?+2 & f9ally p>alysis ( motion1 respiration & s5ses4 ,l&] 9 giv+ simil> symptoms = ! horse notices also *ok+ movem5ts ( ! sophagus1 eructation ( fro?y matt]1 dilatation ( pupils & l[ temp]ature4 ,kaufmann gives ! poison\s doses ( p[d]$ root = ! horse & dog z #ac to #ad oz4 & oz4 respectively4 ,,ref]5ces4 #d1 #af1 #fc1 #gh1 #ha1 #abh1 #acj1 #aec1 #afa1 #agj1 #bjc1 #bje1 #bac1 #bcc4 ,,papav]ace4 ,poppies 7,papav] sp474 ,poison+ by ! two common poppies 7,p4 ,rhoeas ,l4 & ,p4 dubium ,l47 is n common1 b ,cornev9 says t ! =m] is poison\s 9 all its p>ts1 & suffici5tly s to cause accid5ts e ye>4 ,animals may be affect$ by eat+ ! plant :5 mix$ ) gre5 fodd]1 or by +e/+ ! se$s & capsules ) wa/e mat]ial aft] ! w9n[+ & grad+ ( c]eals4 ,/ock1 h[ev]1 w mo/ likely reject ! plants1 ow+ to _! unpleasant od\r & ta/e1 b cattle h be5 poison$ by eat+ unripe heads ( ,p4 ,rhoeas :5 ! plant 0 mix$ ) clov] & sa9fo94 ,p4 dubium has caus$ poison+ ( horses1 cattle & pigs4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,bo? species conta9 ! alkaloids ,morph9e 7,c#ag;,h#ai,,no#c7 & ,rhead9e 7,c#ba;,h#ba,,no#f71 :i* are pres5t 9 ! milky juice ( ! plant4 ,! latt]1 :i* 0 isolat$ by ,hesse1 is believ$ to h no n>cotic effects4 ,! toxic pr9ciple is n de/roy$ by heat+1 & ! plant is !re=e poison\s bo? 9 ! gre5 /ate & :5 dri$ 9 hay4 ,symptoms4 ,x is rem>k$ by ,cornev9 t cattle poison$ by ,p4 ,rhoeas at fir/ exhibit symptoms ( excitem5t1 %[n by cont9ual movem5t1 by paw+ ( ! soil or litt]1 increas$ respiration & m rapid pulse2 ?is is foll[$ by /oppage ( ! dige/ive functions1 sometimes a little swell+ ( ! eyelids1 & coma1 "o affect$ animal appe>+ to sleep :ile /&+1 rema9+ motionless1 & if =c$ to move walk+ 9 an un/eady mann]4 ,f9ally1 ! animal falls1 & if a fatal result is likely 7:i* is unusual7 x rema9s /ret*$ on ! gr\nd2 respiration becomes sl[]1 ! temp]ature falls1 & aft] a few convulsive movem5ts dea? occurs ow+ to asphyxia4 ,mll] notes excitem5t1 wildness ( look1 dilatation ( pupil1 convulsions2 !n coma1 loss ( s5sation & symptoms ( depression replace ^? ( excitem5t4 ,!re is salivation1 bloat+1 con/ipation1 & 9 _m cases also bloody di>rhoea4 ,dea?1 h[ev]1 is r>e4 ,pott gives /upidity1 ret5tion ( ur9e1 colic1 ) sickness & di>rha1 convulsions1 & epileptic symptoms1 ! animals fall+ ov] & roll+4 ,,ref]5ces4 #d1 #af1 #fc1 #abh1 #aij1 #bje1 #bac1 #bfb4 ,great] ,cel&9e 7,*elidonium majus ,l474 ,?is common plant exhales an unpleasant od\r1 & :5 bruis$ or brok5 %[s ! pres5ce ( a yell[i% acrid juice1 :i* becomes r$ imm$iately on exposure to ! air4 ,x is an old m$ic9al drug plant1 b is dang]\s1 be+ emetic & purgative1 ) a /rongly irritat+ effect on ! dige/ive tract4 ,animals are b r>ely likely to take x1 & no record ( ! dea? ( dome/icat$ animals has be5 f\nd4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,among ! sub/ances conta9$ 9 ! ,great] ,cel&9e may be m5tion$ ! bitt] alkaloid ,*elidon9e 7,c#bj;,h#ai,,no#e ,h#b,o71 :i*1 especially occurr+ 9 ! root1 does n appe> to be poison\s1 or is ( feeble activity2 ! alkaloid ,*el]y?r9e 7,c#ba;,h#ag,,no#d71 :i* is poison\s2 & ,protop9e 7,c#bj;,h#ai,,no#e74 ,x is /at$ by ,cornev9 t ! toxic sub/ance is n remov$ on dry+1 b ,pott 7#aijg7 rem>ks t ! dri$ plant is h>mless to animals1 ! poison\s alkaloid be+ volatile & disappe>+ on dry+4 ,symptoms4 ,! action ( ?is plant is acrid1 irritant & n>cotic1 emetic & purgative4 ,ess] rem>ks t :5 ,*el]y?r9e is introduc$ on ! nasal muc\s membrane x causes viol5t sneez+1 & tak5 int]nally causes vomit+4 ,mll] says t poison+ ( dome/icat$ animals is n record$1 b t accord+ to old acc\nts #ejj grammes 7ab\t #a lb47 ( ! fre% plant eat5 by ! horse w at mo/ cause slight diabetes4 ,,ref]5ces4 #af1 #fc1 #ha1 #abh1 #ada1 #aij1 #bjc1 #bje1 #bac4 ,,crucif]4 ,*>lock 7,brassica ,s9api/rum ,boiss471 also kn[n z ,b4 ,s9apis ,visiani & ,s9apis arv5sis ,l41 may be reg>d$ z h>mless 9 ! "y /ate1 b liable to cause injury aft] fl[]+1 :5 ! se$s h =m$1 :5 x may occasion s]i\s accid5ts if eat5 by live /ock4 ,a case 9 :i* rape cake conta9+ ! se$s ( *>lock caus$ poison+ 0 record$ 9 #ahge 7,j\r4 ,roy4 ,agric4 ,soc474 ,! se$s only are dang]\s4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,! se$s conta9 m9ute quantities ( volatile ,oil ( ,mu/>d or ,allyl-iso?iocyanate 7,c#c;,h#e,,ncs71 ! alkaloid ,s9ap9e 7,c#af;,h#bc,,no#e71 & ! alkaloidal glucoside ,s9alb94 ,symptoms4 ,+e/ion ( ! se$s may cause inflammation ( ! /oma* & inte/9es 7) loss ( appetite1 w9d1 colic1 & di>rha72 inflammation ( kidneys 7difficult1 excessive or bloody ur9ation72 & n]v\s symptoms1 ) great exhau/ion1 unc]ta9 gait1 p>alysis ( limbs & 9 isolat$ cases convulsions 7,mll]74 ,pott also records increas$ salivation4 ,9 ! horse ,cornev9 records great depression1 difficult & accel]at$ respiration1 yell[i% mucus & convulsive c\gh4 ,a *>act]i/ic symptom is ! emission ( fro?y liquid ?r\gh ! no/rils 7z mu* z #aj litres 9 "o h\r74 ,dea? (t5 occurs f asphyxia 9 a fit ( c\gh+4 ,9 cattle1 cake conta9+ ! se$s caus$ inflammation ( ! inte/9es1 exhau/+ di>rha1 & unqu5*able ?ir/4 ,! cultivat$ ,mu/>ds may induce simil> effects1 & ,l&] records ! foll[+ symptoms z caus$ by ,brassica nigra3--,9 ! horse1 bron*ial symptoms1 m>k$ by difficulty 9 brea?+ & ! dis*>ge ( great quantities ( yell[i% fro?y matt] f ! nose2 9 cattle1 uneas9ess1 re/lessness & int5se colic1 ) frantic ru%+ ab\t & mania1 end+ 9 exhau/ion1 fall+1 /ruggles & collapse2 9 a rec5t case !re 7 dullness1 coldness1 "s tympany1 lab\r$ respiration1 /agg]+ & fall+1 & 9 fatal cases1 immobility & a semi-comatose condition4 ,,ref]5ces4 #d1 #af1 #fc1 #gf1 #abg1 #agj1 #aij1 #bje1 #bac1 #bai4 ,wild ,radi% 7,raphanus ,raphani/rum ,l474 ,z 9 ! case ( *>lock1 ! se$s ( wild radi% are v acrid1 & susceptible ( introduc+ inte/9al tr\bles if eat5 by animals :5 mix$ ) c]eals4 ,g>lic ,mu/>d 7,alli>ia (fic9alis ,&rz47 & ,treacle ,mu/>d 7,erysimum *eiran?oides ,l474 ,! se$s are /at$ to h prop]ties simil> to ,brassica ,s9api/rum 7p4 #ah7 ow+ to a pung5t oil2 & :5 eat5 9 quantity to induce poison+1 inflammation ( ! dige/ive tract & ( ! kidneys1 z well z n]v\s symptoms 7,mll]74 ,,c>yophyllace4 ,soapwort 7,sapon>ia (fic9alis ,l474 ,?is plant is m or less poison\s1 b is r>ely1 if ev]1 eat5 by /ock1 & no record$ case ( ! poison+ ( /ock has be5 met )4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,! :ole plant1 especially ! root1 conta9s ! poison\s glucosidal ,sapon9 7,c#ah;,h#bh,o#aj7d1 a peculi> sub/ance :i* causes int5se fro?+ :5 /irr$ 9 wat]4 ,symptoms4 ,no symptoms ( animal poison+ by ! plant are record$1 b ! action ( ,sapon9 9 ! blood /ream is to induce dissolution ( ! r$ cells1 ) /upefaction & p>alysis1 z 9 ! kill+ ( fi% by poison+4 ,x also causes vomit+ & purg+4 ,tak5 by ! m\? x causes inflammation ( ! alim5t>y tract1 ! cont5ts ( :i* are ftid & mix$ ) blood4 ,,ref]5ces4 #af1 #fc1 #gf1 #ha1 #bjc1 #bce4 ,corn ,cockle 7,agro/emma ,gi?ago ,l474 ,?is well-kn[n plant ( cornfields mu/ be reg>d$ z poison\s1 ?\gh exp]im5ts & reports z to its effects on ! diff]5t classes ( live /ock v>y widely4 ,?\gh a poison\s pr9ciple is f\nd 9 ne>ly all p>ts ( ! plant1 ! plant 9 ! gre5 /ate appe>s to be innocu\s1 & is 9 any case r>ely likely to be eat5 fre% by /ock1 :i* probably refuse x on acc\nt ( its hairy "*4 ,! se$s1 h[ev]1 are by no means h>mless4 ,!y are r l>ge1 & some:at tr\blesome to sep>ate f c]eal gra9s4 ,:5 gr\nd up ) :eat !y bo? discol\r ! fl\r & imp>t a grey t9t & disagreeable od\r to bread made f x4 ,fur!r1 fl\r conta9+ a consid]able quantity ( cockle mu/1 ow+ to ! poison\s "* ( ! latt]1 be held to be unfit = consumption4 ,fatal results h foll[$ ! use ( bread conta9+ ,corn ,cockle4 ,! toxic pr9ciple !re=e is n de/roy$ by heat+1 ev5 9 an ov5 9 bak+4 ,z reg>ds dome/ic animals1 ,corn ,cockle se$s h frequ5tly be5 mix$ ) fe$+ /uffs & h caus$ _m dea?s4 ,cornev9's exp]im5ts 9 fe$+ calves1 pigs & f[ls l$ to fatal results4 ,he 0 able to say t ! am\nts ( cockle fl\r necess>y to cause dea? 73-- ,calf #jbe lb4p] #ajj lb4 live weight4 ,pig #jaj ,dog #jij ,f[l #jbe ,among o!r cases1 ,kornau? & ,ar*e f\nd t 9 _! fe$+ trials pigs 7 n kill$1 b album9oid metabolism 0 dim9i%$ & fat production increas$4 ,9 #ahic pigs di$ 9 ,g]many ) symptoms ( acute poison+1 :5 f$ on tail+s conta9+ six p] c5t4 ( cockle4 ,9 #aijc-d exp]im5ts %[$ t ) ! c[1 %eep1 pig & goat1 cockle is n poison\s :5 f$ 9 am\nts usually f\nd 9 fe$+ /uffs4 ,millspaugh gives a case 9 :i* two calves di$ on be+ f$ ) two lots ( #ad oz4 ea* ( :eat fl\r conta9+ #cj p] c5t4 & #de p] c5t4 ( cockle se$s4 ,ab\t #ahib ,nev9ny conclud$ t six grammes ( cockle se$ consum$ 9 #abjj grammes ( bread 7 beyond d\bt poison\s 9 effect1 & t ! sale ( gra9 or fl\r conta9+ x %\ld be =bidd54 ,kob]t held t ! sale ( fe$+ /uffs conta9+ cockle %\ld be =bidd5 by law4 ,an ext5sive /udy ( ?is "q 0 made by ,pes*1 :o conclud$ t 8,"u c]ta9 conditions ,corn ,cockle is injuri\s to dome/ic animals4 ,! am\nt ( ! poison\s sub/ance 9 ! se$ is v>iable1 dep5d+ probably ^u ! season & ! soil4 ,animals become accu/om$ to x1 s t am\nts ( se$ :i* at fir/ cause sickness1 lat] h no injuri\s effect4 ,! susceptibility ( animals to ! poison v>ies bo? ) ! species & ! individual4 ,"y animals are m readily affect$ ?an old] ones4 ,x is believ$ t rod5ts & %eep are n susceptible1 &1 z f> z is kn[n1 gr[n cattle are only slightly or n at all affect$ by ! poison4 ,calves1 sw9e1 horses1 & especially dogs1 are m or less susceptible4 ,conc]n+ birds & f[ls !re is "s d\bt40 ,?\gh animals are reput$ to become tol]ant ( ! poison if ! cockle is only tak5 9 small regul> doses1 yet !re appe>s to be a *ronic =m ( poison+ due to ?is cause & t]m$ ,gi?agism1 :ile !re is an acute poison+ due to ! +e/ion ( l>ge quantities ( ! se$s :i* may cause dea? 9 #bd h\rs or less4 ,x is cle> t ! evid5ce is q suffici5t to w>rant ! /atem5t t ! +e/ion ( m ?an a v small quantity ( cockle se$ is dang]\s1 & ! consumption ( ev5 small quantities %\ld be avoid$4 ,?us c>e %\ld be tak5 to remove ! se$s f c]eal gra9s4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,! dang]\s sub/ance conta9$ 9 cockle se$s is ! glucoside v>i\sly kn[n z ,gi?ag91 ,sapon91 ,agro/emm91 ,sapotox91 ,agro/emma-,sapotox91 or ,smilac9 7,c#ag;,h#bf,o#aj7b4 ,?is pr9ciple appe>s to occur *iefly 9 ! se$s1 :i* conta9 up to #fef p] c5t41 b x has be5 f\nd 9 small quantities 9 o!r p>ts ( ! plant4 ,x is v freely soluble 9 wat]1 9 :i* x fro?s l soap :5 %ak5 up1 & x has a %>p ta/e & no od\r4 ,symptoms4 ,a suffici5t quantity ( ! toxic sub/ance may cause n]v\s debility & dys5t]y--accord+ to ,*esnut 8int5se irritation ( ! dige/ive tract1 vomit+1 heada*e1 nausea1 v]tigo1 di>rha1 hot sk91 %>p pa9s 9 ! sp9e1 difficult locomotion1 & depress$ brea?+4 ,coma is sometimes pres5t & may be foll[$ by dea?4 ,9 animals *ronic di>rha & gradual depression40 ,! *ronic =m1 :i* occurs :5 small doses are repeat$ ov] a long p]iod 7practically ! only =m f\nd 9 human be+s1 b nev] 9 animals1 except p]haps 9 ! pig7 is *>act]iz$ by gradual wa/+ away1 loss ( brea?1 loss ( /r5g?1 *ronic di>rha1 & n]ve tr\bles1 dea? tak+ place 9 m>asmus & decl9e4 ,! active pr9ciple acts z an irritant on ! dige/ive tract1 caus+ colic1 di>rha & ent]orrhagia4 ,cornev9 describes ! symptoms 9 ! acute =m ( ! poison+ 9 ! case ( horses1 cattle1 pigs & dogs4 ,9 ! horse1 if a small quantity only is tak51 !re is yawn+1 heavy colic1 /amp+ & evacuation ( r s(t fces4 ,if l>g] quantities are tak51 ! symptoms1 :i* comm5ce 9 ab\t an h\r1 are salivation1 frequ5t yawn+ & turn+ ( ! head1 colic1 pale mucus1 hurri$ & weak pulse1 rise 9 temp]ature & accel]at$ respiration4 ,"s "t lat] !re are muscul> tremors succe$$ by pron\nc$ rigidity1 & ! fces are di>rhic & ftid4 ,! animal lies d[n1 & gett+ up is pa9ful2 x falls into a k9d ( coma1 /ret*es itself to ! utmo/1 & dea? takes place )\t convulsions4 ,9 cattle1 ! symptoms obs]v$ "o h\r aft] eat+ are re/lessness1 salivation1 & gr9d+ ( ! tee?4 ,excitem5t & colic are foll[$ sometimes by c\gh+1 ?is /ate la/+ f five to eight h\rs4 ,!re is !n a p]iod ( coma1 *>act]iz$ by p]man5t decubitus1 repeat$ ftid di>rha1 hurri$ & pla9tive respiration1 accel]at$ & gradually weak5+ pulse1 a gradual loss ( motor & s5sory p[]s1 & a progressive decl9e 9 temp]ature4 ,dea? occurs 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,9 ! case ( pigs1 ! animal grunts1 lies d[n & rema9s ?us ) its sn\t emb$d$ 9 ! /raw4 ,!re is vomit+1 m or less viol5t colic & di>rha1 ! evacuation consi/+ ( bad-smell+1 spum\s fcal matt]4 ,at times !re are clonic contractions4 ,"y pigs are mo/ susceptible4 ,pott cites cases 9 :i* abortion 0 a feature ( ! poison+1 bo? 9 c[s & pigs4 ,! results ( num]\s exp]im5ts :i* he quotes 7among o!rs "s c>ri$ out = ! ,prussian ,m9i/ry ( ,agriculture7 are v contradictory1 a small quantity caus+ dea? 9 "s animals1 :ile o!rs ( ! same species 7 left unh>m$ by l>ge quantities4 ,he ascribes ?is to ! v v>iable proportions ( ! poison pres5t 9 ! se$s4 ,,ref]5ces4 #d1 #af1 #bh1 #df1 #eb1 #ec1 #fc1 #gf1 #ha1 #hb1 #add1 #afa1 #agb1 #ahd1 #aij1 #bjc1 #bje1 #bac1 #bdi4 ,,hyp]ic9e4 ,/4 ,john's ,wort 7,hyp]icum p]=atum ,l474 ,!re appe>s to be no record ( poison+ ( live /ock by ?is plant 9 ,brita91 b ,cornev9 records t x injur$ bre$+ m>es f$ on luc]ne conta9+ x 9 l>ge proportion4 ,dry+ 9 conv]t+ into hay did n r5d] x innocu\s4 ,x is only poison\s if eat5 9 consid]able quantity1 & 9 g5]al animals are n likely to eat mu* ( x volunt>ily1 ow+ to its res9\s od\r :5 cru%$1 & a bitt] & slightly sal9e ta/e4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,! poison\s prop]ties ( ,/4 ,john's ,wort h n be5 fully inve/igat$1 b x is /at$ to conta9 an oil & an acrid bitt] res94 ,ew>t says t x 8conta9s an oil ^: m$ic9al value 0 =m]ly highly e/eem$2 b ?is oil1 & ! woody nature ( ! plant1 r5d] x some:at injuri\s 9 fodd]40 ,summ]s says 7,j\rn4 ,agric4 ,s4 ,au/ralia1 ,sept4 #aiaa1 p4 #add7 t 8x is report$ to be decid$ly injuri\s1 caus+ horses :o eat x to break out 9 sores1 :ile milk c[s h a t5d5cy to dry (f ow+ to its effect on ! sy/em40 ,symptoms4 ,9 m>es1 dullness1 s9k+ ( head1 loss ( appetite1 slack5+ ( pulse & respiration1 dilatation ( pupils1 defective sight1 & lips purple 7,mll]74 ,,ref]5ces4 #fc1 #hb1 #aag1 #aij1 #bjc4 ,,g]aniace4 ,wood ,sorrel 7,oxalis ,acetosella ,l474 ,?\gh r>ely likely to be eat5 by /ock ?is plant mu/ be m5tion$ "h1 z x is consid]$ dang]\s on acc\nt ( its high cont5t ( oxalates1 :i* may cause s]i\s illness & di>rha1 & 9 ! case ( %eep ev5 be fatal4 ,pott says t ! milk ( c[s eat+ x is ) difficulty conv]t$ into butt]4 ,,ref]5ce4 #bac4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,cela/race4 ,sp9dle ,tree 7,euonymus europu ,l474 ,accord+ to ,cornev9 ! sp9dle tree is poison\s 9 all its p>ts1 especially ! fruits1 :i* are emetic & /rongly purgative4 ,%eep & goats h be5 injur$ f eat+ ! leaves1 & *ildr5 h suff]$ f eat+ ! fruits4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,?is plant does n appe> to h be5 closely /udi$ f ! toxicological po9t ( view2 contr>y to ! /atem5ts g5]ally made 9 ! lit]ature ,van ,rijn rem>ks t ?is species does n conta9 ! d\btfully class$ ,euonym94 ,symptoms4 ,+e/ion ( ! plant induces symptoms & lesions su* z are due to viol5t vegetable purgatives4 ,,ref]5ces4 #fc1 #ha1 #bje1 #beb4 ,,rhamnace4 ,buck?orn 7,rhamnus ,ca?>ticus ,l47 & 7,r4 ,frangula ,l474 ,! b]ries ( bo? species are toxic & purgative1 b bo? are uncommon & r>ely eat5 by /ock4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,! b]ries & b>k conta9 ! glucosides ,frangul9 7,c#ba;,h#bj,o#i7 & ,rhamnet9 7,c#af;,h#ab,o#g74 ,symptoms4 ,! b]ries are purgative1 & !re is "s dang] f l>ge quantities1 :i* may induce sup]purgation4 ,! leaves are a/r+5t & may arre/ milk secretion 7,cornev974 ,mll] /ates t ! inflammation ( ! /oma* & inte/9es may t]m9ate fatally4 ,,ref]5ces4 #d1 #fc1 #gf1 #aij1 #bjc4 ,,papilionace4 ,laburnum 7,cytisus ,laburnum ,l474 ,! well-kn[n & mu* admir$ ,laburnum mu/ be reg>d$ z "o ( ! mo/ poison\s species ( ,briti% plants4 ,by num]\s exp]im5tal rese>*es ,cornev9 prov$ t all p>ts ( ! plant are poison\s--root1 wood1 b>k1 leaves1 fl[]s1 & se$s1 especially ! se$s4 ,9 8 exp]im5ts ! horse1 ass1 %eep1 goat1 dog1 cat1 f[l1 duck & pigeon1 7 utiliz$1 se$s be+ giv54 ,he f\nd t #hj c5tigrammes p] kilogramme live weight w\ld be necess>y to kill a horse 7say #a lb4 = an animal ( #abjj lb4 live weight71 #fj c5tigrammes p] kilogramme live weight to kill an ass 7say #f oz4 = an ass weigh+ #fjj lb472 & #f grammes 9 ! case ( a f[l 7say #jd oz4 = a f[l weigh+ #d lb474 ,! %eep & goat he 0 n able to kill1 z !y refus$ ! food aft] a c]ta9 po9t2 ! dog & cat he 0 n able to kill because !y s readily vomit$2 & ! duck & pigeon vomit$ ) extreme facility4 ,_m cases ( ! poison+ ( *ildr5 h occurr$ ?r\gh ! +e/ion ( ! fl[]s & se$s4 ,9 #aijh a case 0 record$ by ! ,bo>d ( ,agriculture & ,fi%]ies1 9 :i* two horses 7 alleg$ to h be5 poison$ 9 ,nor? ,wales by laburnum se$s1 a v small quantity ( :i* 0 f\nd 9 _! /oma*s aft] dea?4 ,mll] /ates t 9 ,dalmatia goats :i* _h eat5 ,cytisus ,weld5i1 ?\gh !mselves un9jur$1 produc$ milk :i* 0 poison\s to man4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,all p>ts conta9 ! toxic alkaloid ,cytis9e 7,c#aa;,h#ad,n#b,o71 said by ,mo] & ,p>!il to be id5tical ) ,ulex9e2 x is f\nd 9 ! se$s to ! ext5t ( #ae p] c5t4 ,cornev9 /ates t ! root1 wood & b>k are ne>ly con/ant 9 toxicity1 b t ! leaves & pods pres5t rem>kable seasonal v>iations ow+ to ! migration ( ! poison into ! se$s4 ,! toxic prop]ty is n de/roy$ by dry+ ( ! plant4 ,symptoms4 ,laburnum poison+ is ( ! acrid1 n>cotic type1 )1 9 man1 n]v\s symptoms1 abdom9al pa91 vomit+1 purg+1 tetanic spasms & convulsions4 ,cornev9's obs]vations %[ t ! symptoms occur 9 ?ree consecutive /ages1--7#a7 excitem5t1 7#b7 coma & incoord9ation ( movem5t1 & 7#c7 convulsions4 ,! ord] ( ! appe>ance1 _! duration1 & ! association ( ea* ) ! o!rs dep5d ^u ! susceptibility ( ! animal & ! quantity +e/$4 ,?us ! symptoms ( excitem5t may be pres5t alone if only a small quantity is eat52 ! duration ( ! symptoms 9 ?is case is nev] consid]able1 & ! normal is gradually rega9$4 ,9 g5]al1 h[ev]1 ! symptoms are associat$ 9 pairs2 ?us :5 an av]age quantity is f$ !re is excitem5t & coma b no convulsions2 :5 l>ge quantities are f$ ! fir/ /age is suppress$ or is s %ort z to be almo/ imp]ceptible1 ! coma & convulsions be+ pres5t simultane\sly4 ,z reg>ds temp]ature1 !re is1 9 /age 7#a7 a rise1 9 /age 7#b7 a drop1 & 9 /age 7#c7 a rise aga9 ne> dea?4 ,9 /ages 7#b7 & 7#c7 !re is a slack5+ ( respiration1 ! art]ial t5sion is rais$1 !re is an increase 9 ! numb] ( pulsations & a modification ( ! rhy?m4 ,9 /age 7#c7 ne> dea? !re is a l[]+ ( ! art]ial t5sion1 & ! pulsations become gradually less p]ceptible1 b ) a uni=m rhy?m2 !re is a slack5+ 9 respiration1 & by ! "t ?is f9ally ceases ! he>t beats h become imp]ceptible4 ,:5 horses1 asses or mules h eat5 a small quantity ( ! se$s or leaves1 !re is simply yawn+ & unc]ta9 gait1 ^! symptoms la/+ = two h\rs1 & ! normal be+ rega9$ aft] ur9ation4 ,consid]able 7b n fatal7 quantities cause unsuccessful attempts at vomit+1 sometimes opi/hotonos 9 asses1 sweat+1 muscul> tremors1 & !n a deep coma :i* may la/ #ae h\rs4 ,fatal quantities cause yawn+1 sexual excitem5t1 accel]at$ & noisy respiration1 :eez+1 muscul> tremors foll[$ by contractions :i* comm5ce 9 ! po/]ior limbs & spread to ! ant]ior limbs1 facial contractions1 /agg]+ & copi\s sweat+4 ,a rapid fall 9 temp]ature foll[s1 b !re is a slight rise dur+ ! p]iod ( convulsions2 ! pulse is at fir/ quick] & /rong]1 b ! numb] ( beats rapidly comes back to ! normal1 to rise aga9 %ortly be=e dea?2 ! rhy?m ( ! pulse is at fir/ regul> 79 gr\ps ( #b1 #c or #d7 b becomes irregul> aga9 j be=e dea?4 ,! animal at l5g? falls1 & _c get up1 ! no/rils are di/5d$1 ! m\? is wide op51 respiration becomes gradually sl[]1 & dea? takes place 9 great agony4 ,9 cases ( poison+ ( horses & asses notic$ by ,pott animals t c\ld n vomit di$ v quickly4 ,! symptoms 7 excitem5t1 nausea1 coma1 sl[] brea?+1 convulsions1 p>alysis ( ! motor n]ves1 & f9ally cessation ( ! action ( lungs & he>t4 ,rum9ants are mu* less susceptible ?an horses4 ,cornev9's attempts at poison+ fail$ ?r\gh _! refusal ( ! plant4 ,mll] obs]v$ 9 a case ( cattle poison+1 bloat+1 p>alysis ( ! limbs 7especially =e limbs71 sleep9ess1 dilatation ( pupils1 & lat] salivation1 nausea1 coma & occasional convulsive movem5ts ( ! muscles ( ! extremities4 ,^! symptoms p]si/$ ?r\gh sev]al days & !n disappe>$4 ,,ref]5ces4 #d1 #af1 #fc1 #fd1 #ha1 #abh1 #add1 #afa1 #aij1 #bje1 #bac4 ,broom 7,cytisus ,scop>ius ,l9k474 ,?is v pl5tiful & widely di/ribut$ plant is und\bt$ly to "s ext5t poison\s1 ?\gh p]haps only feebly s 9 ! quantities likely to be eat5 by dome/ic animals4 ,bly? records #djj cases ( poison+ f x1 h[ev]4 ,v hungry animals might eat too mu* ( x1 & h5ce %[ symptoms ( poison+4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,! plant conta9s ! alkaloid ,cytis9e 7,c#aa;,h#ad,n#b,o72 also ! volatile alkaloid ,sp>te9e 7,c#ae;,h#bf,n#b71 a s+le drop ( :i*1 accord+ to ,bly?1 kill$ a rabbit1 :i* %[$ symptoms simil> to ^? ( nicot9e poison+4 ,symptoms4 ,tak5 9 suffici5t quantity broom induces n>cotic poison+1 ) symptoms resembl+ ^? caus$ by ,coni9e1 ) c5tral n]v\s p>alysis4 ,cornev9 gives ! symptoms z simil> to ^? due to ,c4 ,laburnum4 ,,ref]5ces4 #d1 #af1 #hb1 #abh1 #bjc4 ,indian ,peas 7,la?yrus sativus ,l474 ,a type ( poison+ t des]ves att5tion "h is t kn[n z ,la?yrism1 s9ce x is due to ! consumption ( peas ( ! g5us ,la?yrus1 ! mo/ dang]\s be+ ! 8,indian ,pea10 ,l4 sativus4 ,! peas ( ?is plant 7see ,frontispiece7 are small & d>k-col\r$1 & are import$ l>gely f ,india & o!r c\ntries "u ! g5]al "n ( ,mutt] peas1 a "n :i* !y %>e ) ! ord9>y pea ,pisum sativum4 ,9 addition to ! se$s ( ?is species ! se$s ( two ,s\? ,european & ,nor? ,african species--,l4 ,cic]a & ,l4 ,clym5um--h commonly caus$ poison+ bo? 9 man & 9 animals1 n infrequ5tly lead+ to fatal results4 ,horses1 cattle1 %eep & pigs h be5 affect$--horses p>ticul>ly s--& _m cases h be5 record$ 9 ! vet]9>y j\rnals s9ce #ahhe4 ,v heavy losses h occasionally result$ f ! use ( ! raw peas z a food = /ock4 ,= example1 9 #ahhd ,messrs4 ,lea!r ( ,liv]pool _h #ce out ( #gd c>t horses ill ?r\gh eat+ ,indian peas at ! rate ( #c to #d lb4 p] head p] day4 ,( ! #ce no less ?an #ai di$1 & #b 7 slaught]$1 :ile #ad recov]$4 ,9 ! fam\s ,bri/ol ,tramways case 7#ahid7 #abc out ( #hjj horses became ill ow+ to be+ f$ on ! peas ( ,l4 sativus1 & _m di$4 ,!re are few records ( h>m to cattle1 %eep & pigs1 & ,watt quotes ,don to ! effect t pigeons lose _! p[] ( flight by fe$+ on ! peas4 ,v l>ge quantities ( ! peas are us$ = fe$+ purposes1 & ! fact t ! losses are n l>g] is probably because ! peas only comprise a small proportion ( ! ration or are cook$ be=e use4 ,aft] boil+ or roa/+ ! peas appe> to be less h>mful1 z !y are eat5 9 ,india :5 cook$1 or gr\nd into fl\r & conv]t$ into bread--?\gh ,cornev9 /ates t dry+ & cook+ does n de/roy ! toxicity1 :ile boil+ = "s "t %[$ t at any rate "p ( ! toxic sub/ance pass$ into ! wat]1 :i* became toxic & caus$ dea?1 ! boil$ se$s los+ ! great] "p ( _! poison\s prop]ty & n caus+ accid5ts :5 ! wat] 0 reject$4 ,mac,dougall /ates t z f> z exp]im5tal evid5ce 0 available 7#ahid7 x seem$ to %[ t boil+ ! se$s be=e use r5d]s !m innocu\s4 ,la?yrism usually only sup]v5es :5 ! use ( ! peas = food is prolong$1 & ! peas are tak5 9 consid]able quantity1 b x is possible t !re is wide v>iation 9 ! toxicity ( diff]5t samples1 ow+ to diff]5ces 9 soil1 climate1 & o!r factors4 ,9 man1 ,la?yrism is /at$ to be common 9 ,spa91 ,italy1 ,russia & ,india1 ow+ to cont9u$ use ( bread f fl\r ( ! ?ree species ( ,la?yrus m5tion$ above4 ,x is said especially to affect males4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,no?+ c]ta9 z to ! poison\s prop]ties is kn[n1 attempts to isolate ! toxic sub/ance hav+ fail$ 7,kob]t71 ?\gh ,smi? gives x z prussic acid1 app>5tly indicat+ a cyanog5etic glucoside4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 c h>dly be s1 z ! poison is cumulative1 & may n %[ its effects = weeks or mon?s1 or1 9 man1 ev5 ye>s--accord+ to ! quantity ( peas eat54 ,symptoms4 ,la?yrism is only produc$ :5 ! ration consi/s l>gely ( ! pea = a consid]able p]iod 7see above72 9 ! horse f$ exclusively on ! pea1 ! t5? day2 b :5 "o or two qu>ts are giv5 daily1 only t[>ds ab\t ! #hj? day4 ,moreov]1 ! malady may decl>e itself z long z fifty days aft] ! cessation ( ! pea fe$+ 7,l&]74 ,9 g5]al ,la?yrism is m>k$ by p>alysis ( ! l[] extremities 9 man & ! h9d limbs 9 animals1 ow+ to ! deg5]ation ( ! muscle fibres1 & possibly to affection ( ! n]ves4 ,9 horses !re is p>alysis ( ! h9d limbs1 dyspna & ro>+--) p>alysis ( ! recurr5t l>yngeal n]ve1 & transv]se myelitis4 ,! horse ?us %[s weakness ( ! h9d qu>t]s1 /agg]+ 9 ! ef=t to /&1 difficulty 9 brea?+1 abnormally fa/ & irregul> pulse1 op5 m\?1 di/5d$ no/rils4 ,tra*eotomy (t5 gives almo/ imm$iate relief4 ,l&] m5tions 9 c>t horses gr9d+ ( tee?1 & convulsive movem5ts ( ! eyes1 recall+ epilepsy4 ,9 "o outbreak !re 0 ?ick w9d1 /agg]+ gait1 weakness ( h9d qu>t]s1 & g5]al signs ( intoxication2 & sudd5 viol5t attacks ( l>yngeal p>alysis & dyspna dur+ :i* !re 0 palpitation1 fro?+1 tongue protrud$1 eyes />+1 blui% t9t ( buccal membranes1 & palpitation4 ,p>oxysms sometimes prov$ fatal4 ,an attack among #abe lambs is m5tion$ by ,cornev94 ,! lambs c\ld n /& on _! =e legs & 7 oblig$ to g d[n on _! knees4 ,on sett+ !m up aga91 !y 7 only able to keep up :ile motionless or mov+ sl[ly4 ,!re 0 loss ( s5sibility 9 ! front memb]s4 ,9 spite ( ?is ! eye 0 al]t1 !y 7 att5tive to ev]y?+ t w5t on ar\nd !m1 & 7 easily fright5$4 ,9 pigs p>alysis ( po/]ior memb]s has be5 obs]v$4 ,9 cattle !re 0 /agg]+1 bl9dness1 & /iffness ( ! l[] jo9ts4 ,9 %eep & pigs !re 0 also p>alysis ( ! h9d limbs4 ,,ref]5ces4 #fc1 #hb1 #acg1 #agj1 #agi1 #aij1 #bjc1 #bje4 ,yell[ ,vet*l+ 7,la?yrus ,aphaca ,l474 ,to :at ext5t ?is vet*l+ is poison\s to /ock is n cle>ly kn[n1 b x is cultivat$ 9 ,india z a fodd] = cattle4 ,! se$s1 h[ev]1 are n altoge!r safe :5 ripe1 & ,mac,dougall says 8,! se$s & pods h be5 kn[n to be us$ 9 s\p 9 _! "y /ate & )\t h>m result+1 b ! ripe se$s are n>cotic & cause sickness & heada*e40 ,lup9es 7,lup9us sp474 ,diff]5t species ( ,lup9us h be5 f\nd to cause poison+ ( live /ock1 m p>ticul>ly %eep1 :i*1 :5 f$ l>gely on lup9es1 develop a *ronic type ( poison+ kn[n z ,lup9osis1 or poison+ may be acute & rapid 9 its effects1 z 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,records ( l>ge numb]s ( %eep be+ affect$ at a "t date f #ahgb1 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,g]man empire4 ,9 ,europe by f> ! mo/ h>mful species is ! ,yell[ ,lup9e 7,l4 luteus71 :i* has be5 ! cause ( heavy losses ( %eep1 ?\gh horses1 cattle & goats may also be affect$4 ,! ,blue ,lup9e 7,l4 angu/ifolius7 & ,:ite ,lup9e 7,l4 albus7 may also be toxic4 ,l4 luteus has caus$ lup9osis 9 ,g]many s9ce #ahfj1 & ,cornev9 /ates t 9 #ahhj no less ?an #ad1ach out ( #bdj1jjj %eep f$ ^u x 7or #ehi p] c5t47 di$4 ,( #dd horses affect$ #aa di$4 ,x mu/ n be ?\ght t all crops ( lup9e are poison\s1 z lup9es are ext5sively gr[n on ! ,cont95t = fodd] purposes & are usually h>mless4 ,ev5 :]e ,lup9osis occurs1 consid]able quantities ( ! lup9e mu/ be +e/$ to cause poison+4 ,! toxicity appe>s to v>y accord+ to soil & c]ta9 indef9ite conditions1 & sometimes ev5 a kilogramme 7#bb lb47 ( ! plant w\ld suffice to kill a %eep4 ,poison\s symptoms may sometimes be obs]v$ aft] a s+le meal4 ,desiccation does n r5d] ! plant innocu\s1 ! se$s & hay be+ poison\s4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates species ( ,lup9us h caus$ great loss4 ,9 #ahih no few] ?an #a1aej ( a flock ( #b1ejj %eep di$ f eat+ "o species2 "o %eep f>m] lo/ #gjj %eep f ! same cause2 & #a1ijj out ( #c1jjj %eep di$ f ,lup9e poison+ 9 ,montana 9 #aijj4 ,lup9e hay is f\nd to be less h>mful to horses & cattle1 & ,*esnut & ,wilcox sugge/ t ?is is possibly because z a rule !y avoid ! pods1 :ile %eep eat !m4 ,lup9es 9 ,am]ica are v rapid 9 _! action on %eep1 :i* may (t5 die 9 "o-half to ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r aft] eat+ a quantity ( ! pods4 ,fur!r1 !re is evid5ce t %eep may gradually become immune to ! poison by eat+ ,lup9es regul>ly1 s9ce %eep f$ regul>ly on hay ne>ly half lup9e 7 unaffect$1 b o!rs eat+ ! same hay = ! fir/ "t di$ 9 consid]able numb]s4 ,! lup9es are c]ta9ly f> ! mo/ dang]\s :5 !y be> ripe se$s--cut & made into hay be=e ! pods =m !y are mu* less dang]\s4 ,9 reg>d to ,l4 luteus ,l&] says3 8,accord+ to ! ,g]man au?orities a daily ration ( #a p\nd ( ! :ole plant1 p\nd ( empty pods1 or #a p\nd ( se$s1 w produce poison+40 ,v>i\s means h be5 tri$ to r5d] ,lup9es h>mless1 & success is /at$ to foll[ heat+ ) /eam "u a pressure ( #b to #b atmosph]es4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,a v full acc\nt ( ,lup9e poison+ is giv5 by ,pott1 & f ?is a brief summ>y may be made4 ,siew]t & ,wildt 7#ahgi7 f\nd two sub/ances v l ! alkaloids ( ,conium maculatum--"o l ,coni9e & ! o!r l ,conhydr9e1 ! =m] only be+ prov$ to be v poison\s4 ,baum]t /ates t 9 ,l4 luteus !re are only two bitt] alkaloids1 ,lup99e 7,c#aj;,h#ai,,on7 & ,lup9id9e ,sp>te9e 7,c#ae;,h#bf,n#b74 ,_m inve/igators 7e4g4 ,khn at ,halle7 held t lup9osis 0 n id5tifi$ ) ! pres5ce ( lup9e alkaloids4 ,!n1 9 #ahhc1 ,arnold & ,s*neidemhl caus$ ! disease 7lup9osis7 9 %eep ) lup9es fre$ f all alkaloids1 & !y isolat$ f ! se$s a sub/ance !y nam$ ,lup9otox91 :i* !y f\nd to be poison\s4 ,! nature ( ! poison _c yet be said to be fully und]/ood4 ,! ,lup9e does n always appe> to be poison\s--only "u c]ta9 conditions :i* are n too well def9$4 ,"o f>m] _h ,lup9es on ! same soil = twelve ye>s )\t ill effects :5 f$ to %eep1 & !n ( #dej %eep #abj 7 sev]ely ill1 & #hj di$2 !y _h _h un?ra%$ ,lup9e1 n q ripe1 to ! ext5t ( "o-f\r? ( ! ration4 ,x is held to be def9itely e/abli%$ t ! pres5ce ( ?is poison is due 9 turn to ! pres5ce ( a saprophytic fungus2 :5 ! fungus is abs5t or only pres5t 9 small quantity ! lup9e is n at all or only slightly poison\s4 ,symptoms4 ,! disease is ei!r acute or *ronic accord+ to ! am\nt ( poison +e/$4 ,mo/ writ]s describe ! disease 9 %eep1 b symptoms giv5 v>y some:at4 ,9 ! acute =m %eep become ill sudd5ly4 ,!re is loss ( appetite1 dyspna1 int5se fev]1 hmaturia1 circulatory & dige/ive tr\bles1 gr9d+ ( tee? & trembl+1 :i* may pass into spasmodic contractions4 ,v]tigo is sometimes pres5t4 ,jaundice !n appe>s & is evid5c$ by ! yell[ col\r ( ! muc\s membranes4 ,tumefaction ( ! eyelids1 lips & e>s is common1 b n inv>iably pres5t4 ,micturition is frequ5t1 b n abundant1 & ! ur9e conta9s album52 ! excrem5ts are few & dry4 ,!re is collapse1 & loss ( condition progresses rapidly1 dea? occurr+ on ! f\r? to ! six? day aft] ! comm5cem5t ( ! illness4 ,9 ! *ronic =m ! int]/itial hepatitis pr$om9ates4 ,tumefaction ( ! head may also appe> z 9 ! acute =m4 ,dige/ive tr\bles indicate *ronic ga/ro-ent]itis4 ,?is condition la/s = f #ae to #bj days1 dur+ :i* ! cephalic dem are elim9at$ by gangr5e & ! animals rema9 li/less & )\t appetite4 ,! illness 9 %eep is grave1 & affect$ animals are r>ely completely cur$4 ,! mortality 9 o!r species does n seem to be less ?an 9 %eep4 7,cornev947 ,9 describ+ ! acute =m ( lup9osis ,pammel adds t ! initial temp]ature may be z high z #ajd to #ajf ,f41 b t x is int]mitt5t & gradually falls j be=e dea?4 ,! pulse may rea* #acj p] m9ute & ! respirations #ajj4 ,a bloody fro? may issue f ! no/rils4 ,animals app>5tly pref] ! recumb5t position1 ext5d ! head on ! gr\nd1 & seem entirely oblivi\s to all surr\nd+s4 ,at fir/ !re is con/ipation1 b lat] di>rha may set 9 & ! excreta be t+$ ) blood4 ,9 ! *ronic =m ! symptoms are n s viol5t4 ,jaundice may be entirely abs5t1 & emaciation & anmia may be ! *ief signs4 ,*esnut & ,wilcox record a case 9 :i* two %eep 7 ea* giv5 #aej m$ium-siz$ pods ( a native lup9e1 & seem$ to l !m4 ,9 #de m9utes1 h[ev]1 !y became fr5zi$ & di$ an h\r lat]4 ,!y give ! symptoms z practically ! same z ^? caus$ by ,european species ( ,lup9us2 acute c]ebral conge/ion1 ) great m5tal excitem5t1 ! %eep ru%+ ab\t & butt+ into ?+s2 foll[+ is a /age *>act]iz$ by irregul>ity ( movem5t1 viol5t spasms1 & fall+ fits2 9 mo/ cases collapse & dea? occur )9 half-an-h\r to an h\r & a half2 ! pulse is /rong & regul>2 ! convulsions resemble to "s ext5t ^? caus$ by /ry*n9e2 ! excretion ( ! kidneys is mu* increas$ & sometimes bloody4 ,9 po/-mortem exam9ation ! kidneys are f\nd affect$1 ! lungs slightly conge/$1 ! c]ebral membranes 9 all cases conge/$1 & 9 viol5t cases small blood vessels are ruptur$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! body4 ,,ref]5ces4 #d1 #af1 #bj1 #ba1 #db1 #eg1 #fc1 #fi1 #hb1 #ic1 #abh1 #afa1 #aff1 #agj1 #aij1 #bjc1 #bac4 8,java0 ,beans 7,phaseolus lunatus74 ,?\gh n native to ,great ,brita91 ! s-call$ ,java ,beans h be5 import$ 9 consid]able quantities = /ock fe$+1 & 9 ! pa/ n9e ye>s h caus$ ! dea? ( a l>ge numb] ( animals4 ,= example1 9 ,m>*1 #aijf1 ! ,bo>d ( ,agriculture & ,fi%]ies publi%$ an acc\nt ( ! poison+ ( animals by ^! beans at eight c5tres2 at six ( ! c5tres #acc cattle 7 involv$ & #dc di$4 ,! beans are ( v>y+ orig91 & pass "u ! "n ( ,java beans1 ,rangoon beans1 ,burma beans1 ,lima beans1 & ,paigya beans4 ,!y are consid]ably diff]5t 9 col\r accord+ to orig91 ! ,java beans be+ pale br[n to almo/ black2 ,rangoon1 ,burma or ,paigya beans small]1 plump]1 & light] 9 col\r 78r$ ,rangoon beans0 are p9ki% ) small purple splot*es1 & 8:ite ,rangoon beans0 are pale cream72 & ,lima beans are mu* l>g] ?an ! la/-nam$ & pale cream or :ite 9 col\r 7see ,frontispiece74 ,x has long be5 kn[n t beans ( c]ta9 =ms ( ,phaseolus lunatus are poison\s1 & ! fact is not$ by ,*ur* 7,food ,gra9s ( ,india1 #ahhf71 & by ,watt 7,diction>y ( ! ,economic ,products ( ,india1 #ahhi-if74 ,! col\r$ =ms1 & p>ticul>ly ! wild =ms1 are ! mo/ dang]\s1 ! :ite types be+ 9 g5]al safe = /ock fe$+4 ,"s =ms h a g5]al simil>ity to butt] beans & h>icots1 & h h5ce be5 fav\rably reg>d$ by f>m]s1 b x is a s\nd plan to pur*ase "u a gu>antee beans ) su* names z ^? giv54 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,x 0 %[n 9 #aijc 7,proc4 ,roy4 ,soc41 ,vol4 #gb7 t ! se$s ( ,p4 lunatus1 uncultivat$ 9 ,mauritius1 conta9$ a cyanog5etic glucoside1 ,phaseolunat9 7,c#aj;,h#ag,o#f,n74 ,?is glucoside1 "u fav\rable conditions1 su* z are pres5t :5 ! beans are moi/1 ma/icat$ & +e/$ at ! temp]ature ( ! animal body1 gives rise to prussic acid1 :i* is ! direct cause ( poison+4 ,! se$s ( ! wild =ms yield1 l bitt] almond se$s1 consid]able quantities ( prussic acid1 :ile ! cultivat$ =ms resemble sweet almonds 9 yield+ only traces ( ! acid1 or none at all4 ,det]m9ations ( ! yield ( prussic acid by v>i\s inve/igators %[ p]c5tages ( f #jjbg to #jacg 9 ,java beans1 & #jjjd to #jjb 9 ,burma beans4 ,! l>ge/ proportion !re=e occurs 9 ! col\r$ beans1 :ile ! :ite =ms conta9 mu* less or none at all1 & may be g5]ally reg>d$ z safe = /ock4 ,symptoms4--,! symptoms giv5 by ,damman & ,behr5s 7,vet]9>y ,j\rnal1 #aijf7 7 v]tigo1 tympany1 & fall+1 ) dea? 9 mo/ cases4 ,mosselmann 7,vet4 ,j\r41 #aijh7 obs]v$ ! symptoms due to ! +e/ion ( a small quantity ( ! beans by six head ( cattle4 ,!y 73 great excitem5t1 salivation1 swell+1 slight di>rha1 quick pulse & respiration1 muscul> spasms1 & p>alysis ( ! h9d qu>t]s 9 "o in/ance2 all recov]$ rapidly4 ,,ref]5ces4 #e1 #ch1 #gf1 #gg1 #ajg1 #aji1 #abe1 #abi1 #add1 #bee4 ,ca/or ,oil ,plant 7,ric9us communis ,l474 ,! beans 7see ,frontispiece7 ( ?is exotic are toxic1 & poison+ is only likely to occur if !y are sold 9 error z a fe$+ /uff1 or f ! use = fe$+ purposes ( ! press-cake aft] ! extraction ( ! well-kn[n ca/or oil1 a purgative commonly us$ m$ic9ally1 ( :i* ! beans conta9 ab\t #ej p] c5t4 ,accord+ to ,cornev9 f\r se$s suffice to cause accid5ts 9 man1 eight lead to v grave results1 & beyond t numb] dea? may ensue4 ,pigs & p\ltry h be5 poison$ by ! se$s1 & ,m4 ,audib]t 7ne> ,beaucaire7 report$ ! dea? ( #hj %eep f eat+ ! press-cake1 :i* is /at$ to h m pron\nc$ prop]ties ?an ! oil4 ,x has be5 f\nd z an impurity 9 l9se$ cake & maize meal4 7,j\r4 ,roy4 ,agric4 ,soc41 #ahib47 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,! toxic prop]ties ( ! bean are due to ,ric91 a tox9 :i* is simil> to bact]ial tox9s1 & ! activity ( :i* is de/roy$ by heat+ to #ajj ,c4 ,! beans also conta9 ! alkaloid ,ric99e 7,c#h;,h#h,o#b,n#b71 ! toxic prop]ties ( :i* are reg>d$ z d\btful4 7,see ,deane & ,f9nemore1 ,ye>book ( ,ph>macy1 #aije1 p4 #dgc47 ,symptoms4 ,^! usually appe> "s days aft] ! +e/ion ( ! beans or press-cake4 ,!re is g5]ally purg+4 ,broad obs]v$ 9 an affect$ horse loss ( appetite1 %iv]+1 cold extremities1 dejection1 abdom9al pa91 con/ipation1 temp]ature #ajc ,f41 pulse #gj1 & dea? 9 ab\t ?ree days4 ,,ref]5ces4 #d1 #af1 #ff1 #gc1 #abh1 #bje4 ,,rosace4 ,*]ry ,laurel 7,prunus lauroc]asus ,l474 ,?is exce$+ly common ornam5tal %rub has caus$ ! poison+ ( num]\s cattle & %eep on ! ,cont95t1 b is app>5tly less h>mful 9 ,great ,brita9--& 9 any case animals are n mu* giv5 to eat+ ! foliage ( ?is %rub1 ! /rong smell ( ! leaves :5 bruis$ af=d+ a w>n+ ( its un:olesome "*4 ,g]la* record$ ! intoxication ( #be %eep4 ,bibbey also records ! poison+ ( #ae %eep by laurel1 "s ( !m dy+ 7,f>m] & ,/ockbre$]1 ,jan4 #bi1 #aiab74 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,h5sl[ wrote ( 8 c[s t !y 8completely ru9$ a long laurel h$ge adjo9+ ! field 9 :i* !y liv$2 b ?is abnormal food did no h>m ei!r to !mselves or ! milk !y produc$40 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,s long ago z #ahjc ,s*rad] %[$ t ! *]ry laurel conta9s a sub/ance yield+ prussic acid4 ,! leaves conta9 ! cyanog5etic glucoside ,prulauras9 7,c#ad;,h#ag,o#f,n71 & an enzyme-emuls9 :i*1 by its action on ! cyanog5etic glucoside1 induces ! =mation ( prussic acid1 :i* is ! actual cause ( poison+4 ,! p]c5tage ( ! glucoside appe>s to be greate/ ab\t ,july & ,augu/4 ,by a micro*emical exam9ation ,pe*e has cle>ly localis$ hydrocyanic acid comp\nds 9 ! leaf p>5*yma4 ,symptoms4 ,9 poison+ by ,*]ry ,laurel !re is bloat+1 inability to rise1 loss ( s5sation1 difficult brea?+1 convulsions & dilatation ( pupils1 & ! results may be fatal if unatt5d$ to1 prussic acid be+ =m$4 ,9 ! case ( poison+ ( ewes ,aggio obs]v$ 7,vet]9>y ,j\rnal1 #aijg7 loss ( appetite1 vomit+1 & inability to rise1 foll[$ by sev]al dea?s4 ,9 #ahga ,adsetts describ$ 7,vet]9>ian1 #ahga7 symptoms ( poison+ 9 ! horse3 indi/9ct & feeble pulse2 conge/$ muc\s membranes1 difficult respiration1 uneas9ess1 pro/ration1 coldness ( ! extremities1 loss ( appetite1 con/ipation1 dim9i%$ ur9ation1 & acute pa91 ev5tuat+ 9 dea? 9 ?ree days4 ,9 %eep ,bibbey obs]v$ salivation1 gr9d+ ( tee?1 bra9 symptoms1 p>alysis 9 ! back1 coma1 & dea?4 ,,ref]5ces4 #d1 #af1 #gc1 #gf1 #ha1 #abh1 #abi1 #acj1 #acb1 #agj1 #bje1 #bcb1 #bed1 #bee4 ,,cucurbitace4 ,bryony 7,bryonia dioica ,l474 ,?is widely di/ribut$ h$ge climb]1 :i* produces l>ge quantities ( sc>let b]ries1 is a highly irritant plant1 ) an unpleasant od\r & a nause\s juice4 ,! l>ge fle%y tub]\s root/ocks h caus$ ! poison+ ( :ole families :o h eat5 !m 9 mi/ake = turnips & p>snips4 ,! b]ries may tempt *ildr51 & cases ( poison+ h occurr$4 ,cornev9 e/imat$ t #ae b]ries w\ld cause ! dea? ( a *ild & #dj t ( an adult4 ,no dea?s ( dome/ic animals h be5 obs]v$ 9 se>*+ ! lit]ature1 b animals may possibly eat x along ! h$g][s at times :5 grass is sc>ce4 ,pigs might possibly eat suffici5t ( ! root/ock1 or p\ltry ( ! b]ries1 to cause poison+4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,! plant conta9s ! bitt] & poison\s glucoside ,bryon9 7,c#cd;,h#dh,o#i74 ,symptoms4 ,! symptoms are ^? result+ f inflammation ( ! /oma* & inte/9es1 toge!r ) convulsions4 ,accord+ to ,cornev9 consumption ( ! plant promotes sweat+1 & causes a livid hue1 nausea1 diuresis & abundant pa9less1 wat]y defcation1 to :i* are add$ 9 cases ( poison+ n]v\s symptoms ( /upor & tetanic convulsions4 ,!re may be sup]purgation or a suppression ( defcation4 ,l&] /ates t #b lb4 ( fre% or #f to #h oz4 ( dri$ root giv5 to horses did n cause purg+1 b !re 0 abdom9al pa91 loss ( appetite1 accel]at$ brea?+1 fev]1 dullness & copi\s ur9ation4 ,cases may end fatally4 ,,ref]5ces4 #gc1 #gf1 #ha1 #ada1 #agj1 #bcc4 ,,umbellif]4 ,c[bane or ,wat] ,hemlock 7,cicuta virosa ,l474 ,?is plant is und\bt$ly exce$+ly poison\s1 & fatal cases h occurr$ 9 bo? man & f>m live /ock4 ,x has be5 mi/ak5 by man = p>sley1 cel]y or p>snip1 ) fatal results1 _m p]sons hav+ succumb$ to x4 ,! root/ock is attractive to *ildr5 on acc\nt ( its sweeti% ta/e4 ,pott says t ei!r fre% or dry x is poison\s to all animals :5 only a small quantity is eat51 & (t5 causes rapid dea?4 ,%eep & goats appe> to be less readily affect$ ?an o!r dome/ic animals1 & cattle to be mo/ s5sitive4 ,! loss ( elev5 animals 9 ,brittany 0 not$ 9 ! ,vet]9>ian 9 #ahgg1 & a numb] ( cattle di$ 9 ,irel& 7,vet]9>y ,news1 #aiaa71 dea? 9 bo? cases be+ due to ,c[bane4 ,x is cle>ly dang]\s to graz+ animals :i* h easy access to x1 especially if ord9>y h]bage is sc>ce4 ,h$rick 7,canada7 is quot$ z /at+ t a piece ( ! root ab\t ! size ( a walnut is suffici5t to kill a c[ 9 ab\t fifte5 m9utes2 & ,mll] says t ! quantity ( dri$ plant suffici5t to kill a horse appe>s to be ab\t #a lb4 ,accord+ to ,kanngiess] ! mortality 9 human poison+ due to ?is plant am\nts to #de p] c5t4 ( ! cases4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,! poison\s "* ( ,c[bane has n be5 fully inve/igat$1 & ! toxic pr9ciples are giv5 z ! alkaloid ,cicut9e1 ) ,oil ( ,cicuta1 & ,cicutox9e4 ,! la/ is a bitt] res9\s sub/ance class$ by ,cu%ny 9 ! picrotox9 gr\p2 x occurs 9 ! dry root to ! ext5t ( #ce p] c5t4 ,! toxicity is /at$ to v>y ) season & climate2 ! root/ock is mo/ poison\s 9 spr+4 ,symptoms4 ,9 man ! yell[ poison\s juice 9 ! rhizome induces epileptic convulsions1 foll[$ by dea?4 ,! cicutox9e gives acrid n>cotic symptoms quickly foll[$ by fatal results4 ,! symptoms usually appe> )9 two h\rs1 & dea? ensues 9 half-an-h\r to sev]al h\rs4 ,! symptoms :i* appe> 9 an h\r or s are giv5 z loss ( appetite1 salivation1 vomit+ 79 sw9e71 nausea1 colic 79 horse71 bloat+ 79 cattle71 di>rha1 irregul> pulse & he>t1 dilatation ( pupils1 roll+ ( eyeballs1 v]tigo1 reel+ 9 circles1 twi/+ ( neck1 fall+ d[n1 automatic movem5t ( limbs1 op5+ & %utt+ ( m\?1 & dea?1 usually ) convulsions1 9 f half an h\r to an h\r aft] fir/ manife/ation ( symptoms4 ,= cattle1 ,l&] gives hurri$ respiration1 collection ( fro? at ! m\? & no/rils1 & tympanites4 ,! limbs are ext5d$ & alt]nately /iff5$ & relax$4 ,9 8 description ( ! symptoms ,ess] /ates t swall[+ is difficult1 ! tongue is /iff5$1 !re is salivation1 & dea? takes place aft] loss ( consci\sness & convulsions4 ,,ref]5ces4 #ca1 #gc1 #ha1 #abc1 #ada1 #aea1 #agj1 #aij1 #bjc1 #bje1 #bac1 #bcc1 #bch4 ,wat] ,p>snip 7,sium latifolium ,l474 ,! leaves & especially ! root ( ?is species are reg>d$ z poison\s1 & ! plant is describ$ z 8poison\s0 by ,/rasburg]4 ,accord+ to ,mll] ! symptoms resemble ^? produc$ by ,*a]ophyllum 7p4 #dj74 ,aft] eat+ ! roots c[s %[$ symptoms ( excitem5t1 lead+1 9 "s in/ances1 v quickly to dea?4 ,! milk1 accord+ to ,cornev91 is ( a disagreeable flav\r4 ,! relat$ ,s4 angu/ifolium has also be5 m5tion$ z objectionable4 ,z reg>ds ! toxic pr9ciple ^! plants h n be5 closely /udi$1 & x is n possible to give detail$ symptoms4 ,,ref]5ces4 #gc1 #ha1 #aij1 #bce4 ,wat] ,dropwort 7,o5an! crocata ,l474 ,?is we$ ( m>%es1 dit*es1 & simil> wet spots1 has be5 a frequ5t cause ( loss ( /ock4 ,cases ( fatal human poison+ h also occurr$1 ow+ to ! leaves hav+ be5 mi/ak5 = cel]y & ! root/ock = p>snips4 ,sev]al cases ( ! poison+ ( cattle h be5 record$ 9 ! vet]9>y j\rnals1 & %eep & cattle di$ on a f>m ne> ,bri/ol 7,j\r4 ,roy4 ,agric4 ,soc41 #ahih74 ,horses h also be5 poison$4 ,johnson & ,s[]by 7#ahfa7 record ! poison+ ( #ag convicts ne> ,woolwi*1 ! leaves & roots be+ eat5 9 mi/ake = cel]y & p>snips respectively4 ,n9e suff]$ f convulsions & became ins5sible2 "o di$ 9 five m9utes1 a second 9 a qu>t] ( an h\r1 a ?ird 9 an h\r1 & a f\r? a few m9utes lat]1 :ile two m di$ dur+ ! next few days4 ,cornev9 says t ?is plant causes ! poison+ ( animals e ye>--!y eat x will+ly1 %[+ an enfeebl$ in/9ct ow+ to dome/ication4 ,! plant is poison\s 9 all its p>ts1 ! root be+ ! mo/ toxic1 & dry+ does n de/roy ! toxic prop]ty4 ,cornev9 gives ! foll[+ quantities ( ! fre% root z necess>y to poison v>i\s animals3-- ,horse #jajj p] c5t4 ( ! live weight4 ,ox #jabe ,%eep #jbjj ,pig #jaej ,rabbit #bjjj ,holmes describ$ ,o5an! crocata z ! mo/ dang]\s & virul5tly poison\s ( all our native plants 7,ph>m4 ,j\r41 #aijb74 ,o!r species ( ,o5an! are also poison\s 9 a less degree--e4g4 ,o4 fi/ulosa ,l41 & ,o4 ,phell&rium ,lamk4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,poehl 7#ahie7 obta9$ f ! root ( ?is species an amorph\s neutral product :i* he designat$ ,o5an?otox94 ,! late/ inve/igation is t by ,tut91 :o exam9$ entire dri$ plants collect$ 9 e>ly spr+1 & ! exp]im5ts confirm$ ! conclusion arriv$ at by ,poehl1 t ! toxic pr9ciple is a neutral res94 ,a d>k-col\r$1 viscid res91 insoluble 9 wat]1 & equal to #c p] c5t4 ( ! weight ( ! plant1 0 extract$1 & x is /at$ t ! neutral portions ( ! petroleum & e!r extracts ( ?is res9 repres5t ! toxic pr9ciple ( ! plant4 ,z !re is no evid5ce ( ! homog5eity ( ?is product1 & x is probably complex 9 "*1 x 0 giv5 no "n or =mula4 ,! fact t x has poison\s prop]ties 0 asc]ta9$ by adm9i/]+ ! v>i\s products to gu9ea pigs p] os4 ,symptoms4 ,9 poison+ by ,o4 crocata ! symptoms g5]ally appe> v quickly1 & 9 s]i\s cases dea? may foll[ 9 f "o h\r to a few h\rs4 ,9 ,tut9's exp]im5ts on gu9ea pigs ! extracts ref]r$ to above r5d]$ ! animal hyp]s5sitive 9 two to f\r h\rs1 :ile m>k$ convulsions1 ) trismus soon appe>$2 ! he>t-beat became v noticeably sl[ & ! convulsions p]si/$ until dea? ensu$4 ,!re is great re/lessness1 difficult brea?+1 convulsions1 loss ( s5sation1 bl9dness & /upefaction 7,mll]72 ,l&] says ! symptoms recall hemlock poison+1 ) ! addition ( gre5 ftid di>rha4 ,9 cattle1 "o h\r aft] eat+1 !re is depression & accel]at$ respiration2 ! conjunctiv are inject$1 ! eye turns 9 its orbit1 ! pulse is weak b rapid1 & !re is foam+4 ,lat]1 !re is colic1 & spasmodic contractions ( limbs & jaws4 ,if ! quantity +e/$ is suffici5t to cause dea?1 ! animal falls1 b /ill moves its limbs4 ,!re is bell[+1 contraction ( pupils1 ins5sibility1 & dea? 9 convulsions--or1 if n fatal1 cattle may rema9 p>alys$4 ,9 ! horse1 ! appe>ance ( ! symptoms & ! c\rse ( ! illness are mu* m rapid & ! n]v\s symptoms are acc5tuat$4 ,if ! pig has consum$ only a small quantity x soon gets rid ( ! poison by vomit+2 b if ! quantity is consid]able !re is no vomit+ & dea? is z rapid z ) cyanide poison+ 7,cornev974 ,,ref]5ces4 #aj1 #ad1 #gc1 #ha1 #ada1 #adf1 #agj1 #aij1 #bje1 #bji1 #bac1 #bce1 #bdf4 ,fool's ,p>sley 7,ae?usa ,cynapium1 ,l474 ,mu* has be5 writt5 ab\t ! toxic prop]ties ( ?is we$ ( cultivat$ fields1 pr9cipally because1 ow+ to ! fact t ! foliage has (t5 be5 mi/ak5 or misus$ = p>sley & ! roots = radi%es 7671 x has be5 ! cause ( human poison+1 ?\gh x seems to be "o ( ! lea/ active ( ! poison\s ,umbellif]s4 ,its poison\s "* is und\bt$1 b x is unlikely to cause ! poison+ ( /ock1 :i* seem to refuse x4 ,"s au?ors reg>d x z /rongly poison\s1 b o!rs z m or less h>mless4 ,johnson & ,s[]by cite a case 9 :i* a *ild ( five ye>s old di$ )9 an h\r aft] eat+ ! root1 & a second dea? 79 ,g]many7 )9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs f ! use ( ! leaves 9 s\p4 ,! mo/ complete acc\nt ( ?is plant is t by ,p[] & ,tut91 issu$ f ! ,wellcome ,*emical ,rese>* ,laboratories 9 #aije4 ,_m au?ors s9ce #ahjg are cit$ z writ+ ( its poison\s prop]ties1 & ( cases ( poison+1 two ( :i* t]m9at$ fatally4 ,mill] 7#ahjg7 says t 8mo/ cattle eat x1 b x is said to be noxi\s to geese40 ,b5tley & ,trim5 write t 89 all record$ exp]im5ts ) x on animals1 x has _h poison\s effects40 ,dr4 ,john ,h>ley 7#ahgf & #ahhj71 aft] exp]im5ts on a *ild & adults1 conclud$ t ! plant 0 absolutely free f ! noxi\s prop]ties attribut$ to x4 ,9 #aijd1 h[ev]1 a case ( sev]e poison+ by x 0 record$ 7,brit4 ,m$4 ,j\r41 ,july #af1 #aijd1 p4 #abd74 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,?is has = _m ye>s be5 /at$ to be ! alkaloid ,cynap9e4 ,= _! inve/igation ,messrs4 ,p[] & ,tut9 collect$ ! plant r\nd ,london 9 ,july & ,augu/1 ) ! fruits /ill gre51 & aft] ?or\gh *emical exam9ation f\nd #jjae p] c5t4 ( an ess5tial oil ( r unpleasant od\r2 #jh p] c5t4 ( res9\s sub/ances2 & an exce$+ly small am\nt ( a volatile alkaloid hav+ ! peculi> *>act]i/ic od\r ( ,coni9e4 ,! am\nt ( hydro*loride ( ! alkaloid obta9$ %[$ t if ! base 7 ,coni9e x w\ld correspond to only #jjjjbc p] c5t4 ( ,coni9e 9 ! plant4 ,9 a degree ?is confirms ! /atem5t by ,walz 7#ahei7 t ! fruit 8conta9s a volatile base1 v simil> 9 od\r & *emical behavi\r to ,coni9e1 & probably id5tical ) x40 ,! inve/igators sugge/ t ! alkaloid is ,coni9e1 & ! small am\nt w\ld ju/ify ! op9ion1 b !re may be v>iation 9 toxic prop]ty accord+ to /age ( developm5t & climate4 ,! au?ors conclude t 8x _c be consid]$ improbable t "u fav\rable conditions ( gr[?1 ! proportion ( alkaloid may be increas$ to su* an ext5t z to imp>t to ! plant ! poison\s prop]ties ascrib$ to x40 ,symptoms4 ,9 a *ild :i* di$1 !re 7 abdom9al pa91 a feel+ ( sickness1 & a t5d5cy to lockjaw1 & dea? sup]v5$ )9 an h\r2 & 9 a ,g]man case1 vomit+1 di>rha1 lockjaw1 & dea? 9 #bd h\rs4 7,johnson & ,s[]by47 ,! plant causes convulsions & /upor1 ) nausea & vomit+ 7,h5sl[74 ,! symptoms obs]v$ 9 c[s are loss ( appetite1 salivation1 fev]1 unc]ta9 gait1 & p>alysis ( h9d limbs 7,mll]74 ,pott ref]s to a case :i* occurr$ 9 ,gu]nsey among horses4 ,animals ) :ite muzzles & feet _h di>rha1 :ile o!r horses rema9$ heal?y4 ,all :ite places on ! body 7 badly inflam$4 ,pammel /ates t ! plant causes /upor1 p>alysis & convulsions 9 dome/ic animals4 ,,ref]5ces4 #de1 #gc1 #ha1 #aba1 #acj1 #ada1 #aij1 #bjc1 #bac1 #bad4 ,*]vils 7,*a]ophyllum sp474 ,no inve/igation ( ^! plants appe>s to h be5 und]tak51 b ,c4 sylve/re ,l41 ?\gh eat5 by "s animals1 includ+ ! ass & ! rabbit1 is /at$ by a ,g]man obs]v] 7vide ,cornev97 to h caus$ ! dea? ( pigs4 ,mll] /ates t accord+ to ! lit]ature bo? c[s & pigs h be5 poison$1 ev5 fatally1 by ,c4 temulum ,l4 ,! plants h a /rong od\r & acrid ta/e4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,?is1 if any1 appe>s to be unkn[n1 ?\gh ,mll] 7#ahig7 says t ,c4 temulum conta9s 9 all its p>ts ! little kn[n ,*a]ophyll9 78 alk474 ,symptoms4 ,! pigs ref]r$ to above z hav+ di$ 7 said to %[ p>alysis1 dilat$ pupils1 & ent]itis1 & to refuse food4 ,po/mortem exam9ation %[$ acute ga/ro-inte/9al inflammation4 ,9 ! case ( c[s !re are simil> symptoms4 ,,ref]5ces4 #gc1 #aij4 ,hemlock 7,conium maculatum ,l474 ,?is plant1 fam\s f anci5t times z extremely poison\s1 has a ftid1 disagreeable od\r--a m\sy smell--especially noticeable :5 ! plant is bruis$4 ,x has caus$ human poison+ 9 ?ree ways3 ! se$s h be5 eat5 9 error = anise1 ! leaves = p>sley1 & ! roots = p>snips4 ,animals r>ely appe> to eat ?is plant1 b cases h be5 record$4 ,x is /at$ t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates _m dome/ic animals h be5 kill$ by x2 & ,ew>t says t x is responsible = poison+ a numb] ( c[s 9 ,victoria4 ,goats are believ$ to be l>gely immune to ! poison1 or are less h>m$ ?an o!r animals1 & %eep are /at$ to eat ! plant ) impunity1 ?\gh cases ( poison+ are record$4 ,johnson & ,s[]by /ate t horses h occasionally swall[$ consid]able quantities )\t app>5t effect1 :ile ,cornev9 rem>ks t to cause dea? a horse w\ld ne$ to eat #d to #e lb4 ( ! fre% plant1 or a c[ #h to #aa lb4 ,hemlock is probably mo/ dang]\s to live /ock 9 ! spr+1 :5 gre5 h]bage is lea/ pl5tiful & ! "y %oots ( hemlock are fre% & %ort4 ,*esnut says t ! root is ne>ly h>mless 9 ,m>*1 ,april & ,may1 b dang]\s lat]1 especially 9 ! fir/ ye> ( gr[?2 b ,ess] /ates t x is only poison\s 9 ! spr+4 ,! foliage is m poison\s be=e fl[]+ ?an aft]1 :5 ! poison\s pr9ciple passes to ! fruits1 :i* are m poison\s be=e rip5+ 7?ree qu>t]s ripe7 ?an aft]w>ds4 ,pott rem>ks t aft] eat+ hemlock c[s give milk ) a bad ta/e4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,e>ly 9 summ] ! toxic pr9ciple appe>s to be *iefly conta9$ 9 ! foliage1 b lat] 9 ! fruit1 p>ticul>ly :5 /ill gre54 ,among ! sub/ances conta9$ 9 hemlock are ! toxic alkaloid ,coni9e 7,c#h;,h#ag,n71 ! poison\s ,conice9e 7,c#h;,h#ae,n71 ,conhydr9e 7,c#h;,h#ag,,no71 ! alkaloid ,me?ylconi9e 7,c#i;,h#ai,n71 ,pseudoconhydr9e 7,c#h;,h#ag,,on74 ,coni9e may be describ$ z an oily1 col\rless1 q volatile liquid1 quickly turn+ br[n on exposure to ! air1 & giv+ a m\sy od\r to ! :ole plant4 ,! am\nt ( ,coni9e 9 ! fre% leaves is giv5 7,pammel7 z #jjie p] c5t41 b 9 ! ripe se$s #jg p] c5t4 ,engli% fruits conta9 mu* m ( ! total alkaloids ?an import$ fruits4 ,ow+ to ! volatile "* ( ! poisons hemlock l>gely loses its toxicity :5 dri$ 9 hay1 & is !re=e ! less likely to prove injuri\s to dome/ic animals4 ,symptoms4 ,hemlock is a dang]\s n>cotic plant4 ,ev5 ! smalle/ quantities may cause inflammation ( ! dige/ive organs1 p>alysis & dea?4 ,! g5]al symptoms are salivation1 bloat+1 dilatation ( pupils1 roll+ ( eyes2 lab\r$ respiration1 dim9i%$ frequ5cy ( brea?+1 irregul> he>t action2 loss ( s5sation1 convulsions1 unc]ta9 gait1 fall+1 & at ! end complete p>alysis4 ,dea? occurs aft] a few h\rs4 ,! poison acts on ! motor n]ve end+s1 caus+ p>alysis1 dyspna result+ f p>alysis ( ! pectoral n]ves1 & accel]ation ( ! he>t f t ( ! inhibitory fibres ( ! pneumoga/ric4 ,small quantities cause 9 ! horse a little pro/ration1 yawn+1 accel]ation ( pulse1 dilatation ( pupils & sometimes muscul> spasms ( ! neck & %\ld]s4 ,l>ge quantities cause nausea1 unsuccessful attempts to vomit1 gritt+ ( tee?1 accel]at$ respiration & dyspna1 & muscul> tremors comm5c+ 9 po/]ior memb]s & spread+ to ant]ior memb]s & sp9e4 ,!re is next difficulty ( locomotion1 sweat+ 7b n cont9ual71 fall+1 p>aplegia1 !n p>alysis1 loss ( feel+1 l[]+ ( temp]ature1 rapid pulse1 increas+ly difficult respiration1 & dea? f /oppage ( respiration4 ,) cattle !re is ptyalism1 cessation ( dige/ion1 bloat+1 con/ipation1 weakness & /upor4 ,pregnant c[s h be5 obs]v$ to abort2 ! milk ( c[s has an unpleasant flav\r4 ,!re are bloody evacuations 9 "s in/ances 9 ! case ( ! ox4 ,9 c[s ,*esnut says t !re 0 8loss ( appetite1 salivation1 bloat+1 mu* bodily pa91 loss ( muscul> p[]1 & rapid1 feeble pulse40 ,9 %eep ! abdom5 is tuck$ up1 ! animal has a daz$ appe>ance1 !re is dilatation ( pupils1 un/eady gait1 ! h9d limbs be+ dragg$1 coldness1 & dea? aft] a few convulsive movem5ts4 ,9 ! pig !re is pro/ration & inability to move1 coldness1 sl[ brea?+1 livid muc\s membranes1 imp]ceptible pulse1 p>alysis1 p>ticul>ly ( ! po/]ior memb]s1 & no convulsions4 ,,ref]5ces4 #d1 #af1 #eb1 #ec1 #gc1 #ha1 #hb1 #ia1 #abh1 #ada1 #afa1 #bjc1 #bje1 #bac1 #bch4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,araliace4 ,ivy 7,h$]a ,helix ,l474 ,! b]ries ( ! ,ivy are said to be l>gely eat5 by c]ta9 birds 7e4g4 blackbirds1 ?ru%es1 wood-pigeons71 b h poison$ *ildr54 ,! plant has long be5 said to be poison\s1 b no def9ite case ( poison+ ( live /ock has be5 discov]$2 possibly f>m live /ock w\ld ne$ to eat a consid]able quantity = s]i\s effects to be induc$4 ,inde$1 :5 keep is %ort1 x is q common 9 "s di/ricts to see ,ivy /rew$ on ! fields = cattle & %eep to eat1 & x is v frequ5tly giv5 to sick animals by c\ntry p 7,g>nett74 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,?is has n be5 closely /udi$1 b ivy conta9s a bitt] pr9ciple :i* is /rongly ca?>tic1 emetic & purgative4 ,ivy conta9s a poison\s glucoside ,h$]9 7,c#fd;,h#ajd,o#ai7 & a res9 7,gummi h$]74 ,symptoms4 ,z sugge/$ above1 x is d\btful :e!r animals h be5 poison$ by ,ivy4 ,symptoms giv5 appe> to ref] to *ildr51 & consi/ 9 sickness1 di>rha1 n]v\s symptoms1 excitem5t at fir/1 !n convulsions & p>alysis 7,mll]74 ,sickness & purgation 7,ess]74 ,cornev9 /ates t ! symptoms are complex1 emeto-purgative effects be+ pres5t1 ) n]v\s symptoms resembl+ ^? ( intoxication1 viz4 excitem5t1 !n coma1 convulsions1 unc]ta9 gait1 & /]tor\s respiration4 ,,ref]5ces4 #gc1 #gf1 #ha1 #acj1 #bjh1 #bdj4 ,,caprifoliace4 ,common ,eld] 7,sambucus nigra ,l47 & ,dw>f ,eld] 7,s4 ,ebulus ,l474 ,^! two plants are usually avoid$ by /ock1 no d\bt 9 view ( _! od\r1 m p>ticul>ly 9 ! case ( ! latt] species4 ,! b>k1 leaves & b]ries ( bo? species 7 notic$ by ,cornev9 z hav+ pron\nc$ purgative prop]ties1 & ! b]ries ( ,s4 ,ebulus z hav+ poison$ turkeys4 ,ess] rem>ks t ! use ( ,s4 ,ebulus by c\ntry folk z a purgative has caus$ fatal poison+4 ,! leaves ( ,s4 nigra h caus$ sev]e irritant poison+ 9 a *ild4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,"s d\bt exi/s z to ! poison\s pr9ciple ( ! ,eld]s1 ! leaves ( :i* conta9 ,sambunigr9 7,c#ad;,h#ag,o#f,n71 a cyanog5etic glucoside2 ! alkaloid ,sambuc9e2 & a purgative pr9ciple4 ,accord+ to ,cornev9 dry+ r$uces ! toxicity b does n de/roy x4 ,symptoms4 ,! symptoms are n v def9ite1 b small quantities cause purgation1 :ile l>ge quantities induce depression & viol5t emetic & ca?>tic effects1 ) di>rha1 abundant diuresis & accel]ation ( pulse4 ,! leaves ( ,s4 ,ebulus h caus$ vomit+1 ob/9ate con/ipation & ent]itis 9 a boy1 & 9 ! case ( ano!r boy ! fl[]s caus$ v]tigo & heada*e4 ,,ref]5ces4 #d1 #gc1 #ha1 #bjc1 #bcc4 ,,composit4 ,tansy 7,tanacetum vulg>e ,l474 ,live /ock are mo/ unlikely to eat ?is plant1 z x is bitt] & acrid4 ,cattle appe> to h be5 poison$ by x 9 ,g]many1 ,kob]t's op9ion be+ t dea? _h result$ f tansy4 ,!re h also be5 _m s]i\s cases ( human poison+4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,tansy conta9s ! bitt]1 volatile & poison\s ,oil ( ,tansy4 ,symptoms4 ,tansy ,oil has be5 employ$ z an abortifaci5t1 & produces convulsions1 viol5t spasms1 frequ5t & feeble pulse1 & p>alysis ( ! he>t & lungs1 induc+ a condition simil> to t obs]v$ 9 rabies4 ,pammel cites cases ( ! action ( ! oil f ! plant on dogs4 ,accord+ to ,pott ! tansy imp>ts a bitt] ta/e to ! milk ( c[s :i* eat x4 ,,ref]5ces4 #afa1 #bjc1 #bjd1 #bac4 ,ragwort 7,s5ecio ,jacoba ,l474 ,no suspicion appe>s to h be5 focuss$ on ,ragwort 9 ,brita91 b x mu/ be record$ "h z ! cause 9 ,canada ( ! ,pict\ cattle disease1 or hepatic cirrhosis1 a some:at fatal disease :i* has caus$ mu* loss dur+ ! la/ few ye>s4 ,9 ,new ,zeal& also ! same disease has be5 exp]i5c$1 & has caus$ consid]able mortality among %eep4 ,9 "o case %eep 7 closely pa/ur$ on ab\t #djjj acres ) ! object ( eradicat+ ! too preval5t we$1 b aft] a ye> losses ensu$4 ,gilru? conclud$ t if ! we$ does n monopolise ! gr\nd1 %eep may1 ) few exceptions1 eat x daily )\t suff]+ ill effects4 ,cattle & horses avoid$ x :5 possible4 ,x may be rem>k$ t 9 ,brita9 fe$+ ! "y %oots (f ) %eep1 :i* seem to l ! plant1 is reg>d$ z ! be/ plan ( r$uc+ ,ragwort 9 grass l&4 ,s f> !re seems to be no record ( injury f ?is cause4 ,9 ,s\? ,africa cirrhosis ( ! liv] 9 cattle 7locally t]m$ ,molt5o cattle sickness7 has be5 trac$ to ,s4 latifolius1 #h to #aj lb4 ( :i* 9 daily fe$s ( #b to #f oz4 caus$ dea? 9 ab\t six weeks4 ,ano!r species1 ,s4 ,bur*ellii1 is simil>ly poison\s1 lb4 daily = f\r days hav+ kill$ an ox on ! fif? day2 at ,molt5o half ! quantity prov$ fatal4 ,bo? species are fatal to cattle & horses4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,z reg>ds ,s4 ,jacoba no?+ appe>s to be kn[n z to any toxic pr9ciples1 ?\gh an alkaloid has be5 isolat$ by ,watt 7#aiaa71 b n fully describ$4 ,! ,s\? ,african ,s4 latifolius1 h[ev]1 0 exam9$ at ! ,imp]ial ,in/itute1 & two new cry/all9e alkaloids 7 isolat$--,s5ecifol9e 7,c#ah;,h#bg,o#h,n7 & ,s5ecifolid9e 7,c#ah;,h#be,o#g,n7--#abj p] c5t4 be+ pres5t 9 ! plant be=e fl[]+ & #jdi p] c5t4 aft] fl[]+4 ,symptoms4 ,z !y may to "s ext5t s]ve z a guide 9 relation to possible ,ragwort poison+ 9 ,brita9 ! symptoms obs]v$ f poison+ by ! ,s\? ,african species may be giv53 ,sev]e & /ra9$ purg+3 fces yell[i% to d>k br[n2 c[s cease to give milk2 abdom9al pa91 groan+2 animal may g mad & *>ge anyone approa*+1 or lie ) out/ret*$ head1 droop+ e>s1 />+ coat1 & dull gl>+ eyes2 dea? usual )9 ?ree days f comm5cem5t ( purg+4 ,! po/-mortem %[s an inflam$ f\r? /oma*2 h>d5$ condition ( ! liv]1 (t5 dull grey ) spots 9 ! int]ior2 exp&$ gall bladd]1 ) dull yell[ viscid bile4 ,,ref]5ces4 #dc1 #abh1 #aie1 #bfj4 ,wild ,lettuce 7,lactuca sp474 ,j h[ f> ! two species ,l4 sc>iola ,l4 & ,l4 virosa ,l4 are really poison\s is n cle>ly kn[n1 & x is probable t to be s]i\sly h>mful to f>m live /ock !y w\ld ne$ to be +e/$ 9 consid]able quantity1 & ?is !y nev] seem to be4 ,!y are c]ta9ly n actively poison\s1 ?\gh ,bailey & ,gordon say t 8we h be5 in=m$ t ?is ,european plant--n[ a national pe/--is sometimes eat5 by cattle1 on :om x has be5 obs]v$ to h _h an injuri\s effect40 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,au?orities diff] z to ! sub/ances to :i* ! toxic prop]ty1 if any1 is to be attribut$4 ,accord+ to ,ludwig ! milky juice1 kn[n z ,lactuc>ium1 includes ,lactucone1 ,lactuc91 & ,lactucic ,acid1 ! second ( ^! be+ ! n>cotic sub/ance4 ,ne>ly half ! weight ( ,lactuc>ium 7a =m ( dri$ juice7 consi/s ( ! ta/eless inodor\s ,lactucone or ,lactuc]9 7,c#ad;,h#bb,o71 & ! bitt] ta/e is due to ,lactupicr9e1 ,lactuc9 & ,lactucic ,acid4 ,9 ! leaves ( ,l4 virosa1 ,dymond f\nd traces ( ,hyoscyam9e or a simil> sub/ance 7,j\r4 ,*em4 ,soc41 #ahib1 ,vol4 #fa1 p4 #ij74 ,symptoms4 ,intoxication is produc$ simil> to t caus$ by poppy heads2 ! n>cotic effects are dom9ant 7,cornev974 ,,ref]5ces4 #aa1 #gc1 #ha1 #acj1 #bac1 #bdj4 ,,ericace4 ,rhodod5dron 7,rhodod5dron sp474 ,! lit]ature po9ts to !re be+ no d\bt z to ! poison\s "* ( a numb] ( species ( ,rhodod5dron1 & inde$ mo/ species are suspect$4 ,animals d n appe> to eat ,rhodod5drons v ext5sively1 b bo? ,engli% & ,belgian vet]9>y surgeons h publi%$ records ( poison+ ( %eep & goats by ,r4 ponticum4 ,suspect$ cases 7 record$ 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,bo>d ( ,agriculture 7#aijg & #aiad72 ?ree cases ( cattle poison+ 9 ! ,vet]9>y ,record 7#aijj1 #aijf1 & #aijg72 "o ( calves 9 ! ,vet]9>ian 7#ahei72 & ?ree ( %eep-poison+--"o 9 ! ,vet]9>y ,j\rnal 7#aijf71 & two 9 ! ,vet]9>ian 7#ahfe72 b ^! cases 7 n all fatal4 ,! dea? ( #ai out ( #ba cross-br$ ,scot* lambs due to eat+ ,r4 ponticum 0 report$ by ,c4 ,t4 ,ba9es 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,l& ,ag5ts ,society 7,aug4 #aiad1 p4 #cgc74 ,! plant 0 eat5 aft] a heavy fall ( sn[4 ,*esnut includes ,r4 maximum z "o ( ! ?irty mo/ poison\s plants ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,accord+ to ,cornev91 ,r4 f]rug9eum causes frequ5t poison+ ( animals :i* graze on ! plateaux :]e x gr[s--especially %eep & goats1 ! latt] provid+ ! mo/ victims1 z !y will+ly br[se ! "y %oots & leaves4 ,r4 cali=nicum is said to be poison\s to %eep 9 ,oregon4 ,r4 ,*rysan?um1 ! leaves ( :i* h be5 us$ 9 ,russia & ,g]many = rheumatism1 has caus$ poison+ 9 man4 ,r4 punctatum & ,r4 hirsutum appe> to be n less poison\s4 ,bo? leaves & fl[]s are n>cotic1 & ev5 ! honey 9 ! fl[]s is reg>d$ ) suspicion4 ,! foll[+ quotations are n )\t int]e/3-- 8,9 ^! regions 7,tungu7 _m ( my goats & kids _h di$ foam+ at ! m\? & gr9d+ _! tee?1 & ,i h discov]$ ! cause to arise f _! eat+ ! leaves ( ,rhodod5dron c9nab>9um 78,kema ,ke*oong10 ,lep*a2 ,kema signify+ ,rhodod5dron72 ?is species alone is said to be poison\s1 & :5 us$ z a fuel x causes ! face to swell & ! eyes to inflame1 ( :i* ,i obs]v$ sev]al in/ances40 7,hook]1 ,himalayan ,j\rnals1 ii4 p4 #aej74 8,rhodod5dron arboreum becomes pl5tiful at #ejjj to #fjjj feet 7,ea/ ,nepal71 =m+ a l>ge tree on dry clayey slopes4444 ,9 ! contract$ p>ts ( ! valley ! m\nta9s (t5 dip to ! riv]b$ 9 precipices ( gneiss "u ! l$ges ( :i* wild bees build p5dul\s ne/s look+ l huge bats susp5d$ by _! w+s2 !y are two or ?ree feet long & z broad at ! top :5ce !y tap] d[nw>ds2 ! honey is mu* s\ght = except 9 spr+1 :5 x is said to be poison$ by ,rhodod5dron fl[]s j z t eat5 by ! soldi]s 9 ! retreat ( ! ,t5 ,?\s& 0 by ! fl[]s ( ,r4 ponticum40 7l4c4 i4 p4 #bjj74 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,! leaves & fl[]s conta9 a bitt] poison\s glucoside1 ,&rom$otox9 7,c#ca;,h#ej,o#aj71 :i* has be5 reg>d$ z m poison\s ?an ,aconit9e4 ,o!r glucosides f\nd 9 ,rhodod5drons are ,ericol9 7,c#cd;,h#ef,o#ba71 ,arbut9 7,c#ab;,h#af,o#g71 & ,rhodod5dr9 7,c#af;,h#bb,o#g71 b x is n cle>ly %[n :e!r ^! are poison\s :5 +e/$2 ,kob]t1 h[ev]1 includes ! two =m] among c]ebro-sp9al poisons4 ,symptoms4 ,9 ! case ( goats ,cornev9 records int5se pa91 di>rha1 discom=t1 gritt+ ( tee?1 salivation1 & frequ5tly vomit+2 :ile !re is r$uc$ lactation1 trembl+1 spasms1 v]tigo1 loss ( p[]1 & dea?4 ,l&] notes simil> symptoms 9 cattle & %eep4 ,accord+ to ,eve 7,vet]9>y ,record1 #aijg71 a r$di% col\r 0 obs]v$ 9 ! milk ( a c[ poison$ by ,rhodod5dron4 ,,ref]5ces4 #d1 #af1 #ec1 #fc1 #gc1 #gf1 #ha1 #add1 #afa1 #agj1 #bjc1 #bje1 #baa1 #bab1 #bac1 #bca1 #beb1 #bfd4 ,azalea 7,azalea sp474 ,a suspect$ case ( poison+ 0 record$ 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,bo>d ( ,agriculture 9 #aijg4 ,no ,briti% record ( poison+ has be5 f\nd4 ,v>i\s species ( ,azalea 7,a4 pontica1 ,a4 indica1 ,a4 arboresc5s1 ,a4 nudiflora1 etc47 are /at$ to be v poison\s to all animals :i* br[se on !m 9 ! ,ea/4 ,cutt+s %\ld nev] be ?r[n d[n :]e !y c be eat5 by /ock4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,little "w has be5 done on ^! plants1 b !y are believ$ to conta9 ,ericol91 ,arbut91 & ,&rom$otox9 z 9 ! case ( rhodod5drons 7p4 #dg74 ,symptoms4 ,azaleas appe> to be n>cotic1 & to produce symptoms resembl+ ^? caus$ by ,lolium temul5tum 7,cornev974 ,,ref]5ces4 #gc1 #add1 #aij1 #bje4 ,,primulace4 ,sc>let ,pimp]nel 7,anagallis arv5sis ,l474 ,unless x occurs 9 v consid]able quantity ?is little plant is unlikely to be eat5 to an ext5t suffici5t to cause def9ite poison\s symptoms1 z x is a cornfield we$4 ,x may be tak51 h[ev]1 if animals are all[$ to run ov] /ubble4 ,%eep are said to refuse x 9 g5]al1 b h di$ f eat+ x 7see bel[74 ,!re seems to be no d\bt t if eat5 9 suffici5t quantity x has a poison\s action1 hav+ an irritant action on ! dige/ive tract--! inte/9es--z well z produc+ n>cotic effects4 ,/rasburg] notes x z 8slightly poison\s02 ,bailey says 8a dog is /at$ to h be5 de/roy$ by mak+ x swall[ ?ree dra*ms ( ! extract10 :ile accord+ to ,hyams ! fluid extract 9 #d dra*m doses is fatal to dogs 7! size ( ! dog is n m5tion$672 at ! ,vet]9>y ,s*ool at ,lyons horses 7 int5tionally kill$ by adm9i/]+ a decoction ( ! plant2 9 ,am]ica ,*esnut notes x z suspect$ ( kill+ a horse2 ,ew>t says x 8has be5 report$ to r5d] ! *aff f oat crops infe/$ by ! we$ unpalatable to /ock02 & ,gilru? /ates t a ye> or two ago x 0 responsible = ! dea? ( a l>ge numb] ( %eep 9 ,victoria1 app>5tly act+ z a n>cotic poison 7,am]4 ,vet4 ,rev41 ,july1 #aiac1 p4 #chc474 ,on ! ,pacific coa/ ! plant is kn[n z 8,poison ,we$40 ,grogni] & ,orfila are /at$ to h put its poison\s prop]ties beyond d\bt4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,! plant conta9s ! glucoside ,cyclam9 7,c#bj;,h#cd,o#aj71 & a sapon9-l sub/ance 7,pammel74 ,van ,rijn says x conta9s two glucosides4 ,symptoms4 ,! plant has an irritat+ effect on ! inte/9es & a /upefy+ effect on ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,cornev9 /ates t x is nev] tak5 by ! l>g] dome/ic animals 9 quantity suffici5t to cause poison+4 ,,ref]5ces4 #aj1 #gc1 #hb1 #aij1 #bjc1 #bce1 #beb4 ,,oleace4 ,privet 7,ligu/rum vulg>e ,l474 ,! facts z to ! poison\s "* ( ,privet are by no means cle>1 b ,taylor records a case 9 :i* ?ree *ildr5 :o ate ! b]ries 7 attack$ by viol5t purg+1 & a boy & girl di$4 ,turn] obs]v$ a case 9 :i* horses di$ aft] eat+ ,privet4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,! ,privet is /at$ to conta9 ! poison\s glucosides ,ligu/r9 & ,ligu/ron1 n m5tion$ by ,van ,rijn1 :o says x conta9s ,syr+9 7,c#ag;,h#bd,o#i71 :ile ,pammel 7#aiaa7 adds ! bitt] glucosidal pr9ciple ,syr+opicr9 7,c#bf;,h#bd,o#ag74 ,symptoms4 ,9 horses ,turn] obs]v$ loss ( p[] 9 ! h9d limbs1 ) a pulse ( #ej1 temp]ature #ajb ,f41 slightly inject$ muc\s membranes1 & dilat$ pupils1 ) dea? 9 #cf to #dh h\rs4 ,! b]ries are /at$ by ,mll] to cause sickness & di>rha4 ,,ref]5ces4 #acj1 #aij1 #bjc1 #bcc1 #beb4 ,,convolvulace4 ,b9dwe$s 7,convolvulus sepium ,l4 & ,c4 arv5sis ,l474 ,! creep+ root/ocks & foliage1 z well z ! se$s1 are held to be m or less poison\s if eat5 9 quantity1 & z long ago z #ahgb ,olv] record$ 7,vet]9>ian1 #ahgb7 t pigs :i* ate freely ( ,convolvulus di$4 ,^! species1 :5 eat5 9 consid]able quantity1 appe> to be ca?>tic & purgative1 caus+ symptoms resembl+ ^? due to jalap4 ,,ref]5ces4 #hb1 #ada1 #aij1 #bjc1 #bed4 ,,solanace4 ,?orn ,apple 7,datura ,/ramonium ,l474 ,?is species is an escape f cultivation1 b on occasion occurs pl5tifully 9 g>d5s1 & if all[$ to se$ may escape to arable fields & f9d its way to /ock1 ?\gh x does n appe> to h done s 9 ,brita94 ,sev]al species ( ,datura are recogniz$ z virul5t poisons 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 :]e !y are kn[n z ,jimson ,we$s4 ,all p>ts are poison\s1 especially ! se$s1 :i* h a some:at sweeti% ta/e1 & h frequ5tly caus$ accid5ts to *ildr5 :o h eat5 !m4 ,cases are record$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 :i* cattle h be5 poison$ by eat+ ! leaves ( "y plants 9 hay4 ,live /ock1 h[ev]1 usually avoid ! plant1 :i* has an unpleasant od\r & ta/e1 :ile ! se$s are enclos$ 9 ?orny capsules4 ,wal% /ates t ! se$s are v fatal to "y o/ri*es4 ,dry+ does n de/roy ! toxicity4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,! ,?orn ,apple is usually /at$ to conta9 ! highly poison\s n>cotic alkaloid ,datur9e1 b ?is appe>s to be a mixture ( ! two alkaloids ,hyoscyam9e 7,c#ag;,h#bc,o#c,n7 & ,atrop9e 7,c#ag;,h#bc,o#c,n71 :i*1 toge!r ) ! alkaloid ,scopolam9e1 or ,hyosc9e 7,c#ag;,h#ba,o#d,n71 h be5 f\nd 9 ! plant1 ! pr9cipal con/itu5t be+ ,hyoscyam9e4 ,9 "s analyses z mu* z #jcc p] c5t4 ( ,atrop9e has be5 f\nd 9 ! se$s1 & #jb p] c5t4 9 ! leaves 7,pammel74 ,! ?ree alkaloids occur toge!r to ! ext5t ( #jdh to #ccc p] c5t4 9 ! leaves1 #jdc p] c5t4 9 ! fl[]s1 & #ja p] c5t4 9 ! root1 ,hyoscyam9e pr$om9at+ 7,ess]74 ,an inve/igation conduct$ at ! ,imp]ial ,in/itute 7,bul4 ,imp4 ,in/41 #aiaa7 %[$ ! am\nt ( alkaloids 9 ,european specim5s to be3-- ,se$s #jba to #jdh p] c5t4 ,leaves up to #jd ,/ems av]age #jbb ,roots av]age #jag ,symptoms4 ,! g5]al effect ( ,datura poison+ appe>s to resemble t ( ,atropa ,belladonna1 b is by "s consid]$ m rapidly effective4 ,!re is p>alysis1 dilatation ( ! pupils1 susp5sion ( secretion & ( ! inhibitory fibres ( ! vagus1 lead+ to rapid action ( ! he>t 7,l&]74 ,poison+ may t]m9ate fatally4 ,pammel quotes ,w9sl[ z /at+ t two gra9s ( ,atrop9e produce mild toxic symptoms 9 ! horse2 cattle are z susceptible z horses1 ?\gh h]bivora are n s easily influ5c$ z c>nivora4 ,*esnut gives ! foll[+ symptoms3 8,heada*e1 v]tigo1 nausea1 extreme ?ir/1 dry1 burn+ sk91 & g5]al n]v\s confusion1 ) dilat$ pupils1 loss ( sight & ( volunt>y motion1 & sometimes mania1 convulsions1 & dea?40 ,wal% gives ! toxic symptoms 9 o/ri*es z /agg]+ gait1 spasmodic j]k+ ( ! neck1 /upor1 & dea? 9 a comatose /ate4 ,,ref]5ces4 #d1 #aj1 #af1 #ci1 #eb1 #ec1 #gc1 #ha1 #ib1 #abh1 #ada1 #agj1 #bjc1 #bac1 #bfj4 ,h5bane 7,hyoscyamus nig] ,l474 ,! poison\s "* ( ,h5bane is well kn[n1 b ! plant is by no means common 7except 9 ,irel&71 ?\gh f\nd 9 p>ts ( ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 & ,wales4 ,poison+ ( live /ock may occasionally occur1 b ! disagreeable od\r is likely to prev5t all b abnormal or v hungry animals f t\*+ x4 ,! se$s are eat5 by birds1 app>5tly )\t injury1 b poison$ *ick5s :i* ate ! ripe se$s 9 ,montana4 ,cornev9 records t c[s h be5 poison$ by eat+ ! plant :5 giv5 mix$ ) o!r h]bage4 ,!re are numb]s ( cases ( *ildr5 hav+ be5 poison$ by eat+ ! se$s4 ,! root has also caus$ accid5ts by be+ tak5 = o!r h]bs1 & ! "y %oots & leaves h be5 us$ 9 error z a vegetable4 ,a case 0 report$ 9 ! press 9 #aiaj 9 :i* #be m5 & wom5 visitors at a ,davos p5sion suff]$ f ! effects ( eat+ ! root ( ,h5bane giv5 9 error = horse-radi%1 or mix$ ) x4 ,all suff]$ f /range halluc9ations1 b ) prompt & c>eful treatm5t all _h recov]$ 9 twelve h\rs4 ,kanngiess] says t poison+ by ?is plant v seldom t]m9ates fatally4 ,welsby records a case 9 :i* animals 7 poison$ 9 a field 9 :i* ,h5bane 0 gr[n = m$ic9al use "s ye>s be=e 7,vet]9>y ,record1 #aijc74 ,accord+ to ,rodet & ,baillet 7vide ,cornev97 small quantities ( ! se$s are 9 "s c\ntries mix$ ) ! food ( fatt5+ /ock2 if true t fatt5+ is promot$1 x is probably due to ! inducem5t to quiet & repose caus$ by ! n>cotic prop]ties ( ! se$s4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,poison+ by ,h5bane is due to ! alkaloids ,hyoscyam9e 7,c#ag;,h#bc,,no#c7 & ! closely relat$ ,hyosc9e1 or ,scopolam9e 7,c#ag;,h#ba,o#d,n74 ,! glucoside ,hyoscypicr9 is also f\nd 9 ,h5bane4 ,! poison\s prop]ty is n eradicat$ by dry+ or boil+4 ,! leaves ( ,h5bane gr[n 9 ,europe conta9 f #jjd to #jjh p] c5t4 ( total alkaloid1 & ! se$s #jjf to #jaj p] c5t4 7,bul4 ,imp4 ,in/41 #aiaa74 ,symptoms4 ,h5bane is an anodyne1 & hypnotic4 ,! symptoms resemble ^? caus$ by ,atropa ,belladonna 7p4 #eh74 ,! important diff]5ces 7,cornev97 are t !re is "h abundant salivation & no dryness ( ! m\? z 9 ,atropa4 ,!re is dilatation ( ! pupils2 & mydriasis1 :i* is dissipat$ m sl[ly ?an 9 ,belladonna poison+4 ,fur!r diff]5ces 9 ! action ( ! two poisons are giv5 by ,w9sl[ 7via ,pammel73 ,! tetanic /age succe$+ sp9al p>alysis obs]v$ 9 ,atrop9e poison+ does n ensue ) ,hyosc9e4 ,! latt] alkaloid slightly depresses & sl[s ! he>t & does n p>alyse ! vagus t]m9ations1 nor depress ! motor & s5sory n]ves or muscles4 ,! circulation is b slightly influ5c$1 & vasomotor depression only occurs 9 ! lat] /age ( le?al poison+4 ,dea? occurs f p>alysis ( ! respiratory c5tres4 ,poison+ 9 animals is exhibit$ by loss ( muscul> p[]1 sl[+ & failure ( respiration1 /upor1 & asphyxia4 ,! pulse may be infrequ5t1 ! pupils are dilat$1 & ! sk9 is moi/ r ?an dry4 ,! foll[+ symptoms 9 animals are giv5 by ,welsby3 ,n]vo-muscul> exaltation1 eyelids & irides mu* dilat$1 eyes amaurotic & v bright1 pulse full1 temp]ature normal1 respiration difficult & hurri$1 pr(use salivation1 muscles ( neck & extremities 9 a /ate ( tetanic rigidity1 consid]able abdom9al di/5sion1 /]corace\s & r5al emunctories entirely susp5d$1 dea?4 ,9 a c[ !re 0 obs]v$1 two h\rs aft] eat+1 dilatation ( pupils1 ! conjunctiv 7 inject$1 & ! c>otids beat viol5tly4 ,!re 7 g5]al convulsions1 l\d respiration1 salivation1 & purgation4 ,accord+ to ,pott ! milk ( affect$ c[s is ( an unpleasant ta/e4 ,,ref]5ces4 #d1 #af1 #ci1 #eg1 #fh1 #gc1 #ha1 #abh1 #ada1 #aea1 #aeg1 #afa1 #aij1 #bjc1 #bje1 #bac1 #beg4 ,g>d5 ,night%ade 7,solanum nigrum ,l474 ,?is species is describ$ z 8"o ( ! wide/ spread we$s ov] e "p ( ! globe1 except ! extreme nor? & s\?2 v>y+ s mu* 9 w>m] regions z to h be5 describ$ "u m ?an =ty names0 7,b5?am & ,hook]74 ,9 ! same way !re c be no d\bt t1 ?\gh x mu/ always be reg>d$ z poison\s1 ?is plant v>ies consid]ably 9 toxicity accord+ to soil1 climate1 & g5]al condition ( gr[?4 ,= ?is reason ! plant may sometimes be eat5 9 consid]able quantities )\t ill effects1 :ile 9 o!r cases x w und\bt$ly prove poison\s4 ,*ildr5 h be5 poison$ by ! b]ries1 b may on occasion eat !m ) no o!r ill effect ?an a /oma* a*e1 or1 if eat5 9 excess1 sickness & purg+4 ,! b]ries 8h ev5 be5 us$ in/ead ( rais9s = plum pudd+s ) no effects out ( ! ord9>y0 7,ew>t74 ,! plant has also be5 us$ 9 ,que5sl& & else:]e z a sub/itute = sp9a*4 ,9 sev]al cases ! plant has prov$ fatal4 ,gohi] gave #c kilogrammes 7#f lb47 ( ! gre5 plant to a horse & obs]v$ no s]i\s symptoms4 ,cases ( poison+ are record$ = calves1 %eep1 goats & pigs 7,*esnut & ,wilcox74 ,accord+ to ,lehmann1 ,s*rab] & ,hall]1 ! b]ries are poison\s to ducks & *ick5s4 ,ov] ?irty ye>s ago ! dea? ( a numb] ( cattle 9 ,victoria 0 record$ z be+ due to poison+ by ?is we$4 ,?\gh cases ( poison+ ( /ock are r>e1 p>tly p]haps because ! plant is a we$ ( arable l& & p>tly because animals are likely to avoid x unless />v$1 ,solanum nigrum mu/ be reg>d$ z a poison\s plant1 any examples ( :i* may prove toxic4 ,! d[ny & m pro/rate =m has be5 consid]$ ! mo/ poison\s4 ,! 8,wond]b]ry10 said to be a hybrid betwe5 ,solanum gu9e5se & ,s4 villosum1 :i* are probably v>ieties ( ,s4 nigrum1 _c 9 ,engl& be di/+ui%$ f ! la/ nam$1 ! fruits ( :i* appe> to be edible 9 "s c\ntries & poison\s 9 o!rs4 ,gre%(f f\nd t fruits ( ! 8,wond]b]ry0 conta9$ m ,solan9e ?an ! wild ,engli% ,s4 nigrum or ! ,canadian =m kn[n z ! 8,huckleb]ry10 & h5ce !y %\ld n be eat54 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,! ,g>d5 ,night%ade1 9 p>ticul> ! b]ries1 conta9s ! alkaloidal glucoside ,solan9e1 ( :i* ! =mula is consid]$ d\btful4 ,solan9e is readily conv]t$ into sug> & ! poison\s ,solanid9e4 ,x 0 isolat$ f ! b]ries 9 #ahba1 & ?\gh decid$ly active 9 suffici5t quantity is n a viol5t poison4 ,a small quantity ( ,solan9e is pres5t 9 ! /em & b]ries1 b ^! are probably less poison\s ?an gre5 potatoes 7p4 #ed74 ,symptoms4 ,! symptoms ( poison+ are app>5tly mu* ! same 9 man & animals3 8,/upefaction2 /agg]+2 loss ( spee*1 feel+1 & consci\sness2 cramps & sometimes convulsions4 ,! pupil is g5]ally dilat$40 ,,ref]5ces4 #d1 #aj1 #aa1 #af1 #ag1 #eb1 #ec1 #eg1 #gc1 #ha1 #hb1 #abh1 #ada1 #afa1 #bjc1 #bce1 #bdj4 ,bitt]sweet 7,solanum ,dulcam>a ,l474 ,"s d\bt exi/s 9 reg>d to ! toxic "* ( ?is common d5iz5 ( ! h$ge-r[1 "s p]sons reg>d+ ! b]ries z h>mless & o!rs z poison\s4 ,possibly ! plant v>ies 9 toxicity4 ,floy] /ates t #cj b]ries kill$ a dog4 ,?\gh /ock r>ely t\* ! plant !re seems to be no d\bt t x is poison\s1 /em1 leaves1 & b]ries conta9+ ! toxic alkaloid f\nd 9 ,s4 nigrum & ! potato 7q4v471 & x is especially possible t poison+ may foll[ ! +e/ion ( ! b]ries4 ,johnson & ,s[]by 7#ahfa7 say t ! leaves are n>cotic1 caus+ nausea & gidd9ess1 & t ! fruit is equally h>mful1 ?\gh no fatal cases !n seem$ to be record$4 ,gillam records 7,vet4 ,record1 #aijf7 a case ( poison+ ( %eep4 ,an anonym\s writ] 9 ! ,m>k ,lane ,express 7,july #bd1 #aiaa7 /ates emphatically t ?is plant is v poison\s1 & t he has kn[n #ad p] c5t4 ( ! %eep on a f>m to be kill$ by x 9 a ye>1 :ile 8 vet]9>y surgeon _h _h #dj cases t season1 "s prov+ fatal4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,l ,s4 nigrum1 ! /ems1 leaves1 & b]ries ( ,bitt]sweet conta9 ,solan9e4 ,! b]ries are /at$ by ,ess] to conta9 #jc to #jg p] c5t4 ( ,solan9e4 ,! /ems also conta9 ! glucoside ,dulcam>9 7,c#bb;,h#cd,o#aj71 :i* imp>ts a bitt] ta/e to ! plant1 b :i* has n be5 fully /udi$4 ,symptoms4 ,9 ! case record$ by ,gillam 7see above7 ! symptoms obs]v$ 9 %eep 7 small int]mitt5t pulse1 temp]ature #ajd ,f41 quick5$ respiration1 /agg]+ gait1 dilat$ pupil1 & gre5i% di>rha4 ,! symptoms appe> to be ! same 9 ! case ( cattle 7,f>m] & ,/ockbre$]1 ,july #aj1 #aiaa74 ,,ref]5ces4 #d1 #af1 #dj1 #ej1 #eb1 #gc1 #ha1 #ada1 #adg1 #bjc1 #bac1 #beg4 ,! ,potato 7,solanum tub]osum ,l474 ,?\gh potato haulm is m or less commonly utilis$ on ! ,cont95t z a gre5 fodd]1 & has be5 s us$ 9 ,engl&1 yet !re are good gr\nds = ! g5]al belief t x is n a suitable food = /ock4 ,! tub]s may 9 g5]al be eat5 ) impunity1 b1 "u c]ta9 conditions1 _c be reg>d$ z blameless1 s9ce !y h caus$ s]i\s injury4 ,!re are c]ta9ly records ( injury to man f eat+ ,potatoes1 & accid5ts ) animals h occurr$ m commonly4 8,gre5$0 tub]s1 & tub]s ) "y %oots appe> to be ! *ief cause ( accid5ts1 &1 z reg>ds live /ock1 usually :5 f$ raw4 ,cornev9 knew ( no case ( poison+ 9 man1 & consid]$ t ?is 0 probably because man 7#a7 eats only ! "p poore/ 9 ! toxic pr9ciple 7see bel[71 7#b7 does n eat ! sk91 7#c7 always cooks ! tub]s1 & 7#d7 r>ely subsi/s only on potatoes = a consid]able "t4 ,he f\nd accid5ts among animals1 h[ev]1 n r>e4 ,9 fact1 elim9at+ cases possibly due to *anges caus$ by wea!r1 cryptogams1 & f]m5ts1 he f\nd poison+s e ye> unque/ionably due to ,solan9e1 *iefly among cattle4 ,c[s w eat ! haulm )\t tr\ble 9 times ( sc>city ( gre5 fodd]1 b to ! detrim5t ( _! heal? if su* fe$+ is prolong$4 ,macfady5 %[$ "s "t s9ce t old spr\t$ ,potatoes1 ev5 aft] boil+1 are poison\s to horses4 ,9 #ahif elev5 horses di$ f eat+ 9 mo/ in/ances small quantities ( spoil$ & some:at spr\t$ ,potatoes1 & two te/-horses f$ on ! ,potatoes di$4 ,9 ?is case1 h[ev]1 x 0 conjectur$ t ! poison 0 probably "s organic sub/ance g5]at$ by ! bact]ia or fungi gr[+ on ! ,potatoes4 ,*esnut & ,wilcox 7#aija7 record$ ! dea? ( six pigs due to eat+ spr\t$ uncook$ ,potatoes2 aft] cook+ ! potatoes did n cause poison+4 ,) suffici5t boil+ mo/ ( ! poison appe>s to rema9 beh9d 9 ! wat] & might be ?r[n away4 ,cases ( poison+ ( /ock by ,potatoes appe> to h occurr$ m or less frequ5tly 9 ,g]many4 ,two su* cases 7 not$ 9 ! ,b]l9] ,ti]rztli*e ,wo*5s*rift 9 #aiji1 9 "o ( :i* #fd c[s develop$ symptoms ( poison+ aft] be+ f$ on a l>ge quantity ( raw tub]s1 :ile 9 ! o!r in/ance two c[s became ill aft] eat+ ,potato p>+s--:i*1 z %[n bel[1 conta9 m ,solan9e ?an ! 8fle%40 ,9 ! case ( two *ildr5 :o di$1 ,f4 ,w4 ,/odd>t1 ,public ,analy/ ( ,bri/ol1 aft] a po/-mortem 9 "o case1 gave a v gu>d$ op9ion t dea? 0 probably due to ,solan9e poison+1 due to eat+ raw ,potato peel1 b 0 n confid5t4 ,a mo/ int]e/+ case ( sev]e b n fatal poison+ is describ$ 9 ,! ,lancet 7#ahii74 ,no less ?an #ef soldi]s 9 ,b]l9 7 badly affect$1 until ! supply ( ,potatoes 0 /opp$1 b ! m5 recov]$4 ,pammel 7#aiaa7 /ates t "s p]sons _c eat ,potatoes because poison\s to !m1 b su* p]sons mu/ be extremely r>e1 & hyp]s5sitive to m9imum quantities ( ,solan9e1 :i* is almo/ if n q abs5t 9 ! 8fle%0 ( ,potatoes4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,! ,potato plant1 l ! o!r species ( ,solanum m5tion$ above1 conta9s ,solan9e1 :i* occurs n only 9 ! haulm1 b 9 ! fl[]s & fruits1 & 9 ! peel ( ! tub]s4 ,solanid9e also occurs ready-=m$ 9 ! "y spr\ts ( potatoes to ! ext5t ( #ae p] c5t4 7,all574 ,9 ! case ( ! soldi]s poison$ 9 ,b]l9 analysis demon/rat$ ! pres5ce ( ,solan9e to ! ext5t ( #jjch p] c5t4 9 boil$ tub]s & #jjbd p] c5t4 9 raw tub]s1 & on an av]age e man :o fell ill _h #jc gramme ( ! alkaloid1 a suffici5t quantity to produce toxic results4 ,ess] 7#aiaj7 /ates t 9 midsumm] ! haulm conta9s #jjibe p] c5t4 ( ,solan9e b late 9 summ] only #jjcgd p] c5t4 ,9 ! tub]s ! alkaloid occurs 9 ! inn] lay]s ( ! peel to ! ext5t ( #jjabd p] c5t41 r$ or p9k v>ieties conta9+ r m ?an yell[ sorts4 ,! same au?ority says t damp soils t5d to a high] p]c5tage ( ,solan9e ?an dry soils#c1 & t nitrog5\s manur+ z comp>$ ) pota% t5ds to an increase ( ,solan9e4 ,9 fre% spr+ %oots #ae p] c5t4 ( ! alkaloid has be5 f\nd1 & ! p]c5tage is especially high 9 tub]s :i* h be5 8gre5$0 by long exposure to light4 ,z already /at$ x is ! gre5$ tub]s :i* appe> to be ! *ief cause ( accid5ts4 ,tub]s ) "y %oots are ri*] 9 poison\s alkaloids ?an ^? :i* h n yet be5 spr\t$2 su* tub]s :5 f$ raw to /ock may on occasion induce poison+1 unless f$ only 9 small quantities4 ,footnote #c3 ,on ! o!r h&1 potatoes gr[n 9 a dry s&y soil are /at$ to conta9 m ,solan9e ?an ^? gr[n 9 o!r soils4 ,writ+ 9 #ahhg ,cornev9 rem>k$ t ,solan9e1 ?\gh nei!r v active nor v abundant 9 ,potatoes1 nev]!less causes accid5ts1 z x is cumulative1 or1 to be m exact1 is elim9at$ sl[ly4 ,symptoms4 ,9 poison+ by potato haulm1 ,cornev9 records con/ipation1 loss ( appetite1 rise 9 temp]ature1 accel]at$ circulation1 normal respiration1 salivation1 tumefaction ( eyelids1 eyes wat]y1 conjunctiv inject$1 & hair erect4 ,! sk9 is cov]$ ) scabs :i* exude matt]1 ! sk9 be+ crack$4 ,^! scabs are f\nd especially on ! scrotum ( male cattle & ! udd] ( female cattle1 b also 9 ! caudal region & r\nd ! anus4 ,an exam9ation ( ! m\? %[s places on ! upp] jaw :i* are devoid ( mucus & are purul5t at ! c5tre1 ! mucus r\nd ! edges be+ swoll54 ,! po/]ior memb]s are simil>ly b n s badly affect$4 ,movem5t ( ^! memb]s seems to cause ! animal mu* pa94 ,defecation is frequ5t1 ! fces be+ liquid & d>k 9 col\r4 ,! animals are recumb5t = a consid]able "t ) ! po/]ior memb]s /ret*$ out4 ,9 ! wor/ cases !re is pron\nc$ emaciation4 ,accord+ to ,fri$b]g] & ,frhn] 7vide ,pammel7 animals affect$ by potato tops %[ symptoms resembl+ ^? ( foot-&-m\? disease4 ,accord+ to ,pott ! b]ries cause colic & f\l smell+ di>rha 9 cattle4 ,a ,g]man vet]9>y surgeon aft] fe$+ ! gre5 plant obs]v$ symptoms ( delirium1 p>alysis1 & flatul5ce4 ,9 o!r cases trembl+ & unc]ta9 gait1 ) p>alysis ( ! sp9al cord1 h be5 obs]v$ 9 c[s4 ,9 poison+ by tub]s !re is depression1 loss ( appetite1 cessation ( lactation1 gritt+ ( tee?1 pr(\nd pro/ration1 ) a rem>kable somnol5ce1 b no dilatation ( ! pupils4 ,! animals rema9 recumb5t1 ) clos$ eyes1 & refuse to get up4 ,respiration is some:at ret>d$1 & ! pulse is small & accel]at$4 ,!re are dige/ive di/urbances1 tympanitis1 di>rha succe$s con/ipation1 & !re is vomit+ 7:]e possible74 ,! poison+ is usually fatal4 ,:]e a l>ge quantity ( spr\t$ ,potatoes has be5 f$ ! pro/ration becomes p>aplegia1 ) loss ( s5sibility1 /upefaction1 & dea?4 ,:]e !re is prolong$ +e/ion ( a l>ge quantity ( unspr\t$ tub]s !re is pro/ration1 inte/9al irritation1 rapid emaciation & dea? 9 m>asmus aft] an illness ( f "o to ?ree weeks 7,cornev974 ,pott /ates t potatoes diseas$ ) wet rot1 :5 f$ raw1 cause dige/ive tr\bles1 bloat+1 di>rha1 abortion1 & decrease 9 milk yield1 ) fatal results 9 "s cases4 ,potatoes diseas$ ) dry rot cause con/ipation 9 suck+ pigs1 & a 8fi%y0 butt] f c['s milk4 ,l&] notices two cases ( poison+ ( horses by tub]s4 ,9 ! fir/ case ! symptoms 7 a small & weak pulse1 normal temp]ature & loss ( coord9ation 9 movem5ts2 complete loss ( appetite1 excessive ?ir/1 b inability to dr9k2 mydriasis1 /]tor\s brea?+1 susp5sion ( p]i/alsis1 & slight tremors ov] ! crural muscles4 ,9 ! second case !re 0 a rapid & feeble pulse1 temp]ature #ajc ,f41 int5se conge/ion ( ! muc\s membranes1 & v ftid di>rha1 t]m9at+ fatally4 ,9 poison+ ( horses aft] receiv+ l>ge quantities ( raw ,potatoes1 ,pott records boil-l swell+s on ! sk91 loss ( hair1 di>rha1 inflammation ( ! /oma* & inte/9es1 sk9 irritation1 & swoll5 fetlocks & hocks4 ,9 ref]5ce to ! horses m5tion$ above 7p4 #ee7 x is /at$ t an affect$ animal seems dull1 & dies )9 twelve h\rs aft] be+ fir/ obs]v$1 )\t ev9c+ any sign ( pa94 ,! fir/ symptoms 9 t5 cases 7 weakness & loss ( p[] ov] ! limbs4 ,9 c[s ! symptoms 7,mll]7 are loss ( appetite1 bloat+1 di>rha1 /agg]+1 dilatation ( pupils1 convulsions1 loss ( s5sation & p>alysis4 ,9 _m cases1 h[ev]1 ^! symptoms d n appe>1 b in/ead !re are outbreaks on ! sk9 ( ! h9d legs simil> to ^? 9 foot-&-m\? disease4 ,pott m5tions abortion z a symptom4 ,aft] ! +e/ion ( gre5 ,potato p>+s by dairy c[s he rem>ks cat>rh ( ! /oma* & inte/9es1 & bad milk & *eese2 consumption ( diseas$ ,potato p>+s result$ 9 ! fl[ ( h>d mucus f ! m\?1 ! legs be+ badly swoll51 & cov]$ ) scabs1 & ! m\? & body cov]$ ) boils4 ,symptoms ( p>alysis 7 notic$ aft] fe$+ dirty ,potato p>+s to f\r c[s & f\r bulls1 & "o c[ di$4 ,9 ! case ( ! c[s already ref]r$ to 7p4 #ee7 z poison$ 9 ,g]many1 x 0 rem>k$ z a noticeable feature 9 bo? in/ances t !re 0 ! appe>ance ( eczema on ! h9d limbs1 caus+ lam5ess4 ,a case 9 :i* pigs 7 f$ on uncook$1 spr\t$ ,potatoes is notic$ by ,*esnut & ,wilcox2 !re 0 sl[ly progress+ p>alysis1 :i* became complete aft] ab\t #bd h\rs1 increas$ salivation1 & a regurgitation ( ! /oma* cont5ts4 ,accord+ to ,pott dea? may result 9 pigs4 ,! symptoms giv5 by ,l&] = poison+ 9 pigs are loss ( appetite1 dullness1 exhau/ion1 imp]ceptible pulse1 wat]y di>rha1 l[ temp]ature & comatose condition4 ,9 ! case ( ! poison$ soldi]s ! symptoms 7 ^? ( acute ga/ro-ent]itis2 rise 9 temp]ature to #ajc ,f42 heada*e1 colic1 di>rha1 g5]al debility2 9 "s cases vomit+1 9 o!rs nausea only2 sev]al m5 fa9t$1 & "o _h convulsions2 ! majority 7 dr[sy & apa!tic2 b all recov]$4 ,,ref]5ces4 #d1 #af1 #ai1 #eg1 #gc1 #ha1 #abh1 #acj1 #ada1 #agj1 #aij1 #aif1 #bjc1 #bjd1 #bje1 #bac4 ,deadly ,night%ade 7,atropa ,belladonna ,l474 ,?is plant has long be5 kn[n to be exce$+ly poison\s1 all p>ts conta9+ a toxic pr9ciple4 ,bo? man & dome/ic animals may be poison$1 ?\gh ! latt] are v unlikely to t\* ! plant4 ,z reg>ds man1 *ildr5 are mo/ likely to be affect$1 ow+ to ! attractive "* ( ! l>ge bright black b]ries4 ,dome/ic animals appe> to be r>ely poison$ & are less affect$ ?an man1 & 9 any case ! susceptibility ( v>i\s species--& ev5 individuals ( ! same species--is v v>iable4 ,human be+s are mo/ susceptible1 foll[$ by ! cat & dog2 ! horse is mu* less s2 & ! pig1 goat1 %eep1 & rabbit are little susceptible to poison+1 ev5 on eat+ ! root--! mo/ poison\s "p 7,cornev974 ,gohi] & o!rs h giv5 ov] #b lb4 ( ! gre5 plant to horses )\t ill effects1 & ?is repeat$ on ?ree days did n cause m>k$ pa?ological tr\bles4 ,h]twig consid]$ l>ge rum9ants to be m s5sible ?an horses to ! action ( ,belladonna4 ,x appe>s to be agre$ t small rum9ants are v slightly susceptible to ?is plant4 ,birds are consid]$ almo/ ins5sitive1 :ile rabbits may be f$ = weeks on ! leaves )\t poison+1 z also %eep1 goats1 & pigs4 ,horses & cattle are m s5sitive b nev]!less resi/ant4 ,! poison is no d\bt quickly remov$ by ! kidneys1 s9ce ord9>y injection ( ,belladonna causes ! usual symptoms4 ,x is /at$ t ! fle% ( rabbits & birds :i* h eat5 ! plant & h be5 slaught]$ app>5tly heal?y is poison\s to man4 ,"o b]ry c induce symptoms ( human poison+1 & a *ild di$ aft] eat+ only ?ree b]ries4 ,mortality 9 human cases ( poison+ by ,belladonna is giv5 by ,kanngiess] z #aj p] c5t4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,deadly ,night%ade is ! s\rce ( drugs widely us$ 9 m$ic9e1 & its prop]ties z reg>ds man h be5 ext5sively /udi$4 ,! pr9cipal sub/ance pres5t is ! alkaloid ,hyoscyam9e 7,c#ag;,h#bc,o#c,n71 readily conv]t$ into ,atrop9e 7,c#ag;,h#bc,o#c,n72 ,scopolam9e or ,hyosc9e 7,c#ag;,h#ba,o#d,n71 & 9 small] quantity ,apoatrop9e1 & ,belladon9e are also pres5t4 ,all p>ts ( ! plant conta9 ! toxic alkaloids1 b 9 unequal degree4 ,! total quantity ( ! alkaloids is l>ge/ 9 ! roots 7#jd to #a p] c5t471 :i* 9 ! fre% /ate conta9 no ,atrop9e1 b only ,hyoscyam9e2 ! leaves & fruits conta9 less ( ! alkaloids1 & cultivat$ plants h be5 f\nd to be poor] 7#jbf p] c5t47 ?an wild 7#jd p] c5t74 ,! root has be5 f\nd to be five times z toxic z ! b]ries4 ,dry+ does n de/roy ! poison\s prop]ties4 ,symptoms4 ,9 quantities :i* are n fatal ! symptoms are nausea1 dilatation ( pupils1 muscul> weakness1 /umbl+1 fall+1 & ris+ only to fall aga94 ,^! are foll[$ by v]tigo1 fr5zy1 & coma 7m r>ely74 ,!re is a slight slack5+ 9 respiration1 & an increase 9 ! rapidity ( ! he>t's action4 ,dysury & con/ipation are obs]v$4 ,9 fatal quantities ! symptoms are m int5se & make _! appe>ance m rapidly4 ,! nausea is accompani$ by vomit+1 & !re is almo/ complete loss ( sight4 ,s5sitiv5ess is at fir/ increas$ b lat] dim9i%es & gradually disappe>s2 complete incoord9ation ( movem5ts2 increase 9 ! he>t's action b a gradually weak5+ pulse2 /]tor\s1 pa9ful respiration2 decrease 9 temp]ature4 ,!re is repeat$ ur9ation at ! comm5cem5t ( ! poison+1 & !n dysury4 ,at ! approa* ( dea? !re are muscul> trembl+ & clonic contractions4 ,?is phase ( convulsions is %ort b v cle> 9 "s cases3 o!r cases d n leave ! deep coma 9 :i* !y are plung$ 7,cornev974 ,9 reg>d to cattle1 ! foll[+ symptoms are giv5 by ,mll]3 ,injury to sight1 dilatation ( pupils1 con/ipation1 lat] bloody evacuations1 pa9 9 h9d limbs1 rapid pulse1 difficult brea?+1 re/lessness1 fr5zy & f9ally p>alysis4 ,,ref]5ces4 #d1 #af1 #fa1 #gc1 #ha1 #abh1 #ach1 #adc1 #aea1 #aeg1 #afa1 #aij1 #bje4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,scrophul>9e ,foxglove 7,digitalis purpurea ,l474 ,! ,foxglove has be5 recogniz$ z poison\s = c5turies1 & "o ( its trivial names is ,dead ,m5's ,bells--a "n sugge/ive ( ! consequ5ces ( tak+ x4 ,x is ! s\rce ( ! well-kn[n drug2 & cases ( human poison+ h be5 v common1 ?\gh by no means always fatal--inde$1 ,ess] says 8seldom result+ 9 dea?40 ,animals are n kn[n to t\* ?is plant1 b x may possibly be includ$ 9 r\gh mead[ hay1 ?\gh only "o case1 9 :i* two c[s & a horse became ill aft] eat+ hay conta9+ dry foxgloves1 has come to notice 7,vet]9>y ,record1 #aijf74 ,cornev91 h[ev]1 exp]im5t$ on animals1 & f\nd ! foll[+ am\nts ( fre% leaves capable ( caus+ dea? 9 ! animals specifi$3-- ,horse #abj-adj grammes 7#d to #e oz47 ,ox #afj-ahj 7#ee to #fe oz47 ,%eep #be- #cj 7#jhh to #a oz47 ,pig #ae- #bj 7#je to #jg oz47 ,! weight ( dri$ leaves w\ld be only "o-f\r? ( ^! figures4 ,all p>ts ( ! foxglove are poison\s1 b especially ! se$s1 & ! leaves are m active be=e ?an aft] ! fl[]+ p]iod4 ,cultivat$ v>ieties are /at$ to be less toxic ?an ! wild species4 ,! effects ( poison+ may t]m9ate fatally 9 a few h\rs1 or if small quantities are tak5 regul>ly ! poison may be cumulative & induce *ronic poison+4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,! foxglove conta9s sev]al poison\s glucosides1 inve/igat$ by ,kiliani1 ,s*mi$eb]g1 ,cloette1 ,b\rquelot1 ,h]zig1 & o!rs4 ,! foll[+ sub/ances are toxic3 ,digital9 7,c#ce;,h#ef,o#ad or ,c#cf;,h#eh,o#ad7 9 ! se$s & leaves2 ,digiton9 7,c#ed;,h#ib,o#bh or ,c#ee;,h#id,o#bh7 9 ! se$s2 ,digitale91 only 9 small quantity2 ,digitox9 7,c#cd;,h#ed,o#aa7 9 ! leaves2 & ,digit94 ,! toxic prop]ty ( ! foxglove is n lo/ on dry+ or boil+4 ,symptoms4 ,digitalis is an active he>t poison1 & causes nausea1 pressure 9 ! region ( ! /oma*1 ) dim9i%$ pulse1 d>k5+ ( ! field ( vision1 dizz9ess1 buzz+ 9 ! e>s1 & usually dilat$ pupils4 ,accord+ to ,pammel ! symptoms 9 animals are dullness1 lassitude1 loss ( appetite1 nausea1 flatul5ce1 di>rha2 infrequ5t1 full pulse 7r$uc$ #f-aj beats 9 ! horse72 & contract$ pupils4 ,9 fatal cases ^! symptoms are foll[$ by sev]e colic & tympanites2 rapid1 feeble1 dicrotic1 irregul> or int]mitt5t pulse 7#abj-adj 9 horses71 :ile ! he>t may be he>d & felt beat+ wildly & /rongly1 & a sy/olic bl[+ murmur c frequ5tly be detect$4 ,?is is due to mitral or tricuspid regurgitation caus$ by irregul> contraction ( ! column c>n4 ,! pulse is imp]ceptible because ( ! failure ( ! he>t to fill ! vessels4 ,! extremities are cold1 ! eye is protrud+1 & salivation occurs4 ,bloody di>rha is v (t5 pres5t & ! ur9e may be suppress$4 ,! brea?+ f9ally becomes difficult & dea? ensues )9 a few h\rs1 or z late z sev]al days4 ,! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! symptoms ( poison+ 9 v>i\s animals is collect$ by ,l&]3-- ,horses4 ,on ! fir/ day sleep9ess1 swoll5 eyelids1 dilat$ pupils1 inject$ conjunctiv1 consid]able swell+ 9 submaxill>y space2 respiration normal1 temp]ature #ajce ,f42 pulse full1 betwe5 #fe & #ge1 v int]mitt5t1 be+ occasionally normal2 ! second he>t s\nd frequ5tly oblit]at$4 ,on ! next day lab\r$ brea?+1 head imm5sely swoll51 tongue greatly enl>g$ & protrud+1 pulse #hj & mo/ erratic1 temp]ature v slightly up1 great re/lessness4 ,respiration became m difficult & /]tor\s1 tongue & buccal membranes livid1 jugul> /&+ out4 ,a m>e exp]im5tally poison$ %[$ on ! ?ird day dullness & loss ( appetite2 f\r? day nauseat$2 nose1 m\?1 & e>s cold2 abdom5 bl[n1 ) colicky pa91 & occasional paw+2 pupil some:at contract$1 pulse firm at axilla & he>t1 b n p]ceptible at jaw2 at #d4cj p4m4 %e 0 d[n1 mu* pa9$1 & attempt+ to roll2 pulse #hb1 b unequal2 fif? day1 pulse1 imp]ceptible at jaw1 ab\t #abj2 respiration #be1 & v mu* lab\r$3 lips retract$ & saliva dripp+ f ! m\?2 enorm\s abdom9al tympanites1 & mu* pa92 rapid s9k+3 di$ six? day4 ,c[s4 ,f$ erratically1 brea!d h>d1 lay d[n aft] fe$+4 ,pulse almo/ imp]ceptible1 contract$ pupil1 & excessive ur9ation4 ,pigs4 ,languid & sleepy3 refus$ to eat or dr9k1 attempt+ to vomit & repeat$ly pass+ small quantities ( fces4 ,ur9ation 0 scanty & /ra9$4 ,9 a case ( poison+ among horses to :i* ,mll] ref]s ! animals _h an exhau/$ appe>ance1 !re 0 loss ( appetite1 increas+ ?ir/1 (t5 also colic1 & lat] di>rha1 ur9ation (t5 9 great quantity1 & /agg]+4 ,"s ( ! animals di$ aft] a few days 9 convulsions4 ,,ref]5ces4 #d1 #af1 #gc1 #gf1 #gi1 #ha1 #afa1 #agj1 #ahg1 #aij1 #bjc1 #bjd1 #bje1 #bac1 #bbi1 #beb1 #beg4 ,l\sewort 7,p$icul>is1 sp474 ,two species ( l\sewort are involv$1 ,p4 palu/ris ,l4 & ,p4 sylvatica ,l41 & ?\gh bo? are reg>d$ z poison\s ! ext5t to :i* !y are s is n well kn[n4 ,!y h an unpleasant smell & %>p ta/e1 & are 9 g5]al refus$ by all classes ( /ock4 ,p4 sylvatica may be eat5 :5 "y 7,cornev974 ,l9dley says t bo? plants are acrid1 b are eat5 by goats4 ,p4 palu/ris is reg>d$ by ,pott z an acutely poison\s plant1 especially = %eep4 ,a decoction ( ^! plants 0 =m]ly us$ aga9/ lice1 & h5ce ! trivial "n4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,v little appe>s to be kn[n ab\t ! poison\s pr9ciple1 b1 l ,rh9an?us & ,melampyrum1 !y h be5 f\nd to conta9 ! glucoside ,rh9an?9 7see p4 #if74 ,symptoms4 ,! plants are held to be emetic & purgative2 to cause inflammation ( ! dige/ive tract1 & to cause anmia 9 cattle4 ,brugmann /at$ 7vide ,cornev97 t if1 press$ by hung]1 animals eat ,p4 palu/ris1 ! fir/ consequ5ce is hmaturia4 ,mll] also notes hmaturia4 ,,ref]5ces4 #gc1 #gf1 #ha1 #aij1 #bjc1 #bac4 ,,polygonace4 ,docks 7,rumex sp474 ,9 g5]al x is probable t b little h>m is done by species ( ,rumex1 b ow+ to ! fact t ,common ,sorrel 7,r4 ,acetosa ,l47 & ,%eep's ,sorrel 7,r4 ,acetosella ,l47 conta9 acid oxalates !y may on occasion prove injuri\s4 ,in/ances h be5 record$ 9 :i* *ildr5 h suff]$ f eat+ ! leaves ( ! =m] species 9 consid]able quantity1 & bo? species h be5 accus$ by vet]9>y surgeons ( poison+ horses & %eep1 "s %eep ev5 dy+4 ,pammel /ates t ! ,curl$ ,dock 7,r4 crispus ,l47 induces nausea1 wat]y br[n fces1 copi\s ur9ation1 dry spasmodic c\gh1 & p]spiration2 b no record ( ! dea? ( animals has be5 f\nd4 ,9 reg>d to ,r4 ,acetosella x is /at$ t 9 ! horse a condition may be produc$ resembl+ drunk5ness1 ) vacillat+ gait1 salivation1 muscul> tremors1 dilatation ( pupils1 relaxation ( sph9ct]s1 & a feeble1 sl[1 & int]mitt5t pulse3 !n convulsive contraction ( lips1 retraction ( ! eyeball1 accel]at$ & /]tor\s brea?+1 extreme dilatation ( ! no/rils1 tetanic contraction ( ! muscles ( ! neck1 back1 & limbs1 abundant sweat+ & fall+4 ,9 bad cases aft] a p]iod ( extreme exhau/ion1 ^! symptoms are repeat$1 & dea? occurs 9 convulsions 7,cornev974 ,! acid oxalates seem especially h>mful to %eep1 caus+ loss ( appetite1 exhau/ion1 small & sc>cely p]ceptible pulse1 rapid brea?+1 & con/ipation1 & 9 _m cases sev]e di>rha1 unc]ta9 gait1 & sometimes dea? 7,mll]74 ,! milk ( affect$ c[s is ) difficulty made into butt] 7,pott74 ,,ref]5ces4 #gc1 #ada1 #aij1 #bjc1 #bcc4 ,polygonum sp4 ,sev]al species ( ,polygonum are said to h poison\s prop]ties4 ,! *ief among !m is ,buck:eat 7,p4 ,fagopyrum71 ! gra9 ( :i* is widely gr[n z a food = bo? man & live /ock4 ,?is plant1 p>ticul>ly ! fl[]s1 has giv5 rise to a well-kn[n ra% 9 man1 cattle1 %eep1 & pigs1 ) conge/ion & tumefaction--especially ( ! head & e>s4 ,!re is also n]v\s di/urbance1 ) agitation & halluc9ation--%eep1 = example1 may butt aga9/ objects4 ,! affection ( ! n]v\s c5tres may lead to fatal results1 :i* h foll[$ 9 cattle1 %eep1 & pigs4 ,little is kn[n ( ?is s-call$ ,fagopyrism1 b aft] analytical & spectroscopical rese>*es on ! col\r+ matt] ( ! tegum5t ,kurt conclud$ t x is due to ! *lorophyll4 ,p]sic>ia 7,p4 ,p]sic>ia ,l47 & ,wat]-pepp] 7,p4 hydropip] ,l47 are also /at$ to be h>mful1 ?\gh ! =m] has be5 consid]$ a nutriti\s plant & has be5 giv5 to horses & cattle z a gre5 food4 ,bo? species1 h[ev]1 are said to cause a ra%1 & to conta9 injuri\s n>cotic sub/ances4 ,p]sic>ia is /at$ by ,mll] to h caus$ inflammation ( ! bladd] & ! dige/ive tract 9 pigs1 & ,wat]-pepp] to h caus$ hmaturia2 fatal results h foll[$4 ,pott records simil> symptoms4 ,9 reg>d to ,p]sic>ia x %\ld be not$ t x v>ies consid]ably 9 g5]al =m1 & may possibly v>y also 9 acridity4 ,b5?am & ,hook] /ate ( ,p4 hydropip] t 8! :ole plant is m or less acrid or bit+ to ! ta/e40 ,,ref]5ces4 #ag1 #ai1 #gc1 #aij1 #bjd1 #bac4 ,,?ymelace4 ,mez]eon 7,daphne ,mez]eum ,l47 & ,spurge ,laurel 7,d4 ,laureola ,l474 ,bo? ( ^! species are acrid & poison\s1 & cases ( ! dea? ( horses due to ! spurge laurel are record$ by ,l&]4 ,9 g5]al1 h[ev]1 animals w n eat ! plants1 & inde$1 9 "o ( ! cases m5tion$ by ,l&] ! dri$ leaves 7 adm9i/]$ = worms4 ,%\ld !y t\* ^! plants mo/ animals w\ld probably refuse !m on acc\nt ( _! bitt] ta/e4 ,! b]ries are tempt+ to *ildr51 & ,pratt says 8,dea? has result$ f eat+ b a few ( ^! b]ries 7,d4 ,mez]eum72 & ,dr4 ,*ri/ison relates a case ( a *ild1 9 ,ed9burgh1 :o di$ f eat+ !m1 :ile ano!r is record$ by ,l9nu ( a "y lady to :om twelve ( ! b]ries 7 giv5 z a m$ic9e 9 int]mitt5t fev]1 & :o soon di$ 9 consequ5ce ( _! corrosive poison4 ,f\r b]ries produc$ ?ir/1 s5se ( heat 9 ! m\? & ?roat1 & also fev]1 9 a man :o ate !m2 & !y are prov$ to be poison\s to dogs & foxes40 ,bly? /ates t #cj grammes 7#a oz47 ( ! p[d]$ b>k is a le?al dose = a horse1 b small] doses ( ! fre% leaves may be deadly 7,pammel74 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,all p>ts ( ^! plants are acrid & poison\s1 especially ! b>k & b]ries4 ,!y conta9 ! bitt]1 a/r+5t1 & poison\s glucoside ,daphn9 7,c#cj;,h#cd,o#ai--or ,c#ae;,h#afji accord+ to ,van ,rijn71 an acrid res9 7,mez]e971 & a vesicat+ fatty oil4 7,pott rem>ks t ,daphn9 is believ$ to be h>mless1 b t ,mez]e9 has poison\s effects47 ,dry+ does n de/roy ! poison\s prop]ty4 ,symptoms4 ,! ,daphnes are sev]ely purgative1 cause burn+ 9 ! m\? & ?roat1 & 9 sev]e cases h n>cotic effects & give rise to convulsions4 ,l&] gives ! symptoms z int5se colic1 con/ipation1 foll[$ by dys5t]y & copi\s evacuations ( fces /reak$ ) mucus1 blood1 & inte/9al epi!lium4 ,dr[s9ess betwe5 ! spasms4 ,accord+ to ,mll] !re is inflammation ( ! /oma* & inte/9es 7) colic1 vomit+1 sev]e di>rha1 pass+ ( blood71 inflammation ( ! kidneys 7) /rangury1 bloody ur9ation71 & 9 _m cases n]v\s symptoms 7weakness1 gidd9ess1 & convulsions74 ,9 a case obs]v$ by ,l&]1 9 ! horse1 !re 0 abdom9al pa91 /agg]+ gait1 anxi\s c\nt5ance1 lab\r$ brea?+1 pulse #hj1 temp]ature #ajcb ,f41 b[els normal4 ,on ! foll[+ day !re 0 excessive purgation1 pulse #abj1 temp]ature #ajdb ,f41 & dea? occurr$ at mid-day4 ,,ref]5ces4 #gc1 #gf1 #ha1 #acj1 #ada1 #agj1 #aij1 #bjc1 #bac1 #baf1 #bdj4 ,,euphorbiace4 ,spurges 7,euphorbia sp474 ,_m species ( ,spurge mu/ be reg>d$ z acrid1 purgative1 & poison\s4 ,live /ock are n likely to t\* !m1 ow+ to ! acrid effect ( ! milky juice on ! m\?4 ,! ,cap] ,spurge 7,e4 ,la?yris ,l47 conta9s an acrid1 emetic1 & highly purgative milky juice1 & ! fruits h commonly be5 employ$ by c\ntry folk z a purge1 & also z a pickle1 ?\gh !y are dang]\s & %\ld n be s us$4 ,pratt records a case 9 :i* five wom5 ate ! pickl$ fruits ) boil$ mutton1 & all suff]$ sev]e pa9 & burn+ 9 ! /oma*1 & %[$ o!r symptoms att5dant on irritant poison+--& ?\gh all recov]$ ! illness 0 sev]e4 ,us$ 9 ?is mann]1 inde$1 !y h giv5 rise to s]i\s cases ( human poison+4 ,only v "y animals are said to eat x1 b cattle 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are said to be 8q resi/ant to its influ5ce1 b !y are sometimes ov]come40 ,accord+ to ,*esnut goats eat ?is plant ext5sively1 & x is said t _! milk !n possesses all ! v5om\s prop]ties4 ,petty ,spurge 7,e4 ,peplus ,l47 is some:at simil> to ! ,cap] ,spurge 9 poison\s prop]ties1 & fatal poison+ has occurr$ ?r\gh a boy eat+ x4 ,sun ,spurge 7,e4 ,helioscopia ,l47 is simil>ly poison\s to ! prec$+ species4 ,x has caus$ fatal poison+ to a boy :o ate x4 ,9 ,g]many c[s 7 poison$ ?r\gh pa/ur+ 9 /ubble 9 :i* ! plant 0 gr[+1 b !re 7 no dea?s4 ,toxic ,pr9ciples4 ,! milky juice ( ^! spurges conta9s highly acrid poison\s sub/ances1 :i* h n be5 individually & fully inve/igat$4 ,dry+ may r$uce ! toxicity b does n elim9ate x4 ,symptoms4 ,z reg>ds ,e4 ,la?yris ,*esnut says t on ! sk9 ! juice causes r$ness1 it*+1 pimples1 & sometimes gangr5e4 ,! se$s :5 eat5 inflame ! m\? & /oma*1 cause vomit+ & int5se di>rha1 & if ! illness is s]i\s1 n]v\s disord]s1 unconsci\sness1 collapse1 & dea?4 ,! ,euphorbias h an acrid effect on ! m\?1 & sev]e poison+ may foll[ _! use z ap]i5ts--burn+ m\?1 swell+ tongue1 /oma* pa9s1 cold sk91 v]tigo1 fa9t+ or syncope1 & ev5 dea? 9 two or ?ree days 7,ess]74 ,simil> symptoms are giv5 by ,cornev91 :o /ates t ! ,euphorbias h an irritat+ effect on ! muc\s membrane1 especially at ! back ( ! m\?4 ,9 f ?ree qu>t]s ( an h\r to two h\rs aft] eat+ ! plant1 or ev5 long]1 !re is pa9ful vomit+1 foll[$ by di>rhic evacuations1 ) a l[]+ ( ! temp]ature4 ,if ! quantity +e/$ has be5 suffici5t !re appe> also n]v\s symptoms1 v]tigo1 delirium1 muscul> tremors1 & respiratory & circulatory tr\bles :i* disappe> aft] abundant sweat+ if ! poison+ is n fatal4 ,if x is fatal ! symptoms ( sup]purgation & ent]itis pr$om9ate1 b are accompani$ by n]v\s symptoms & circulatory disord]s4 ,mll] gives 9 addition loss ( appetite1 pite\s :9+ 79 goats71 groan+1 colic & tympanites2 & ,pott1 bloat+1 fev]1 palpitation ( ! he>t1 & loss ( consci\sness4 ,c[s gave a r$di% or %>p-ta/+ milk4 ,milk ( affect$ goats caus$ di>rha human be+s4 ,,ref]5ces4 #ai1 #eb1 #ec1 #gc1 #ha1 #hb1 #acj1 #ada1 #aij1 #bac1 #baf4 ,dog's ,m]cury 7,m]curialis p]5nis ,l47 & ,annual ,m]cury 7,m4 annua ,l474 ,^! two species may be tak5 toge!r z !y h simil> poison\s prop]ties1 & closely resemble "o ano!r1 ?\gh ! =m] is a p]5nial & ! latt] an annual4 ,! plants h a some:at unpleasant od\r1 & live /ock are n likely to take !m unless press$ = readily available gre5 food4 ,! loss ( "o c[ & sev]e illness ( f\r o!rs 0 record$ by ,blackhur/ 9 ! ,vet]9>y ,j\rnal 9 #ahif2 ,gss[ m5tion$ ! loss ( c[s 9 ! ,f>m] & ,/ock ,bre$] ,ye>book1 #aijg2 ! loss ( horses f$ on h]bage cut f a h$ge & conta9+ ,m4 p]5nis 0 record$ 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,agricultural ,society 9 #ahih2 ! loss ( %eep 0 record$ by ,h5sl[4 ,z reg>ds man1 ,ray records a case 9 :i* a family ( five p]sons suff]$ sev]ely f eat+ ,m4 annua fri$ ) bacon4 ,fi%]m5 ate x ) s\p & all 7 s]i\sly ill an h\r lat]1 ) symptoms ( irritant n>cotic poison+2 two *ildr5 di$ ! next day4 ,cornev9 saw ,m4 annua us$1 aft] boil+1 z a food = pigs1 )\t ill consequ5ces1 9 ! ea/ ( ,france4 ,?is is believ$ to be due to ! poison be+ volatile & de/roy$ by heat or boil+2 h5ce 9 hay ! plant is h>mless1 ?\gh ,pott says t ev5 9 hay /ock avoid x4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,! poison\s prop]ties are said to be due to ,m]curial9e1 ,oil ( ,euphorbia1 a volatile toxic alkaloid4 ,ess] /ates t ! /em & leaves ( ,m4 annua conta9 ,trime?ylam9e1 :i* may p]haps be a decomposition product ( ,*ol9e1 a poison\s base4 ,symptoms4 ,bo? plants are emetic & dang]\sly purgative1 caus+ irritant & n>cotic symptoms4 ,vet]9>y obs]vation has %[n t ! poison is cumulative1 & t x is usually aft] ! we$ has =m$ "p ( ! food = #g1 #h1 or #aj days t symptoms fir/ appe>4 ,9 ! case record$ by ,blackhur/ 7see above7 ! c[s suff]$ f inflammation ( ! dige/ive tract1 ) sev]e purg+ & loss ( blood4 ,! secretion ( milk entirely /opp$4 ,"o c[ di$1 b ?ree recov]$ 9 ab\t f\r days4 ,! fif? 0 n convalesc5t = ?ree weeks & !n _h a p]man5tly curv$ & injur$ neck1 ! muscles be+ subsequ5tly f\nd ri* 9 fibr\s tissue1 & ! la/ ?ree jo9ts p>tially an*ylos$4 ,rabbits 7 te/$ by fe$+ two on ! leaves1 two on ! /ems & roots1 & two on ! gr\nd se$s mix$ ) oatmeal2 ! fir/ two 7 unaffect$1 b ! o!r f\r di$ 9 a few h\rs1 %[+ dr[s9ess & suff]+1 :ile ! po/-mortem %[$ ga/ritis4 ,! dige/ive & ur9>y tracts are affect$4 ,!re is indige/ion ) slight bloat+1 !n colic ( v>y+ int5sity1 & at fir/ di>rha :i* may give place lat] to con/ipation2 hmaturia2 micturition is frequ5t1 pa9ful1 & ! ur9e is blacki% & bloody2 dullness1 weakness1 loss ( appetite & refusal ( food2 ! he>t beats v /rongly1 ! pulse is rapid1 & ! muc\s membrane ( ! eye is r$di%-yell[ 9 col\r4 ,!re is no modification ( respiration 7,cornev974 ,accord+ to ,mll]1 h[ev]1 ! symptoms at fir/ include con/ipation & lat] sev]e & bloody di>rha4 ,9 cattle ,pott /ates t ,m4 annua causes inflammation ( ! /oma* & inte/9es1 bloody ur9e1 p>alysis ( bladd]1 ftid di>rha1 abortion1 & blui% col\r$ milk defici5t 9 fat4 ,mll] /ates t !re is occasionally blood 9 ! milk4 ,accord+ to ,l&] !re is 9 c[s excessive bloody purgation1 cessation ( lactation1 temp]ature #aje ,f41 pulse #ij1 & increas$ respiration4 ,! illness is protract$ ov] sev]al weeks1 ! animals be+ comatose aft] ! fir/ symptoms4 ,,ref]5ces4 #gc1 #ha1 #aab1 #acj1 #adf1 #agj1 #aij1 #bje1 #bac1 #bee4 ,box 7,buxus semp]vir5s ,l474 ,f>m live-/ock may occasionally h ! opportunity ( br[s+ on box1 or clipp+s may be ?r[n to !m ) o!r gre5 h]bage f g>d5s4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 t clipp+s are o!rwise dispos$ (4 ,all p>ts ( ! plant are bitt] & h be5 prov$ to be poison\s4 ,! bitt] ta/e t5ds to prev5t animals eat+ suffici5t ( ! plant to cause s]i\s injury4 ,pigs h di$ a day aft] eat+ ! leaves4 ,horses also 7 kill$ by eat+ #gej grammes 7#af lb47 ( ! foliage4 ,toxic ,pr9ciples4 ,faur f\nd 9 ! b>k & leaves ( box ! toxic alkaloid ,bux9e1 b x 0 believ$ t !re 7 o!r toxic sub/ances1 s9ce analysis %[$ ! leaves to be less ri* 9 ,bux9e ?an ! b>k1 :ile !y are ?ree times z active4 ,o!r sub/ances occurr+ 9 box are ,p>abux9e1 ,bux9id9e1 & ,p>abux9id9e4 ,symptoms4 ,small am\nts h an emetic & purgative action2 ) av]age am\nts1 !re are1 9 addition1 n]v\s symptoms1 lam5ess1 muscul> tremors1 v]tigo1 !n a p]iod ( coma4 ,l>ge am\nts cause dea? ) int5se abdom9al pa9s1 dys5t]ic flux1 t5esmus1 convulsions1 respiratory & circulatory tr\bles4 ,pigs are *iefly affect$ aft] eat+ ! leaves1 exhibit+ great ?ir/1 unc]ta9 gait & delirium1 :ile dea? occurs )9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,pott gives ! g5]al symptoms z sickness1 di>rha1 gidd9ess1 /upefaction1 convulsive movem5ts1 & colic4 ,,ref]5ces4 #d1 #af1 #gc1 #abh1 #aij1 #bje1 #bac1 #bce4 ,,am5tace4 ,! ,oak 7,qu]cus sp474 ,injury to /ock f ! ,oak has be5 due 9 ! fir/ place to ! leaves1 & 9 ! second to ! acorns4 ,9 reg>d to ! leaves no injury appe>s to h be5 record$ 9 ,brita91 b ,cornev9 devotes att5tion only to poison+ by ! leaves1 :i* 9 special circum/ances h caus$ s]i\s accid5ts to animals :i* h eat5 !m4 ,9 ,france1 cattle tak5 to ! =e/s = graz+ purposes br[se on ! "y %oots & leaves ( ! oak1 & aft] "s days !re arises a tr\ble long kn[n z ,mal de ,br\ or ,maladie des ,bois1 :i* may end fatally1 sometimes ev5 9 #bd h\rs 7see ,symptoms bel[74 ,a case 0 also report$ f ,nebraska 9 #aijc1 t5 head ( cattle hav+ app>5tly di$ f eat+ oak leaves1 ! trimm+s f trees4 ,! /oma*s 7 full ( ! leaves1 & ! inte/9es _h ! appe>ance ( be+ burn$ 9 places4 ,!re 0 no evid5ce ( impaction4 ,:5 ! cut bran*es 7 remov$ no m cattle 7 lo/4 ,s]i\s losses h be5 caus$ ?r\gh ! +e/ion ( acorns by "y cattle n ov] ab\t two ye>s old1 ! ye>s #ahjh1 #ahgj1 #ahhd1 & #aijj be+ especially notewor?y 9 ?is respect4 ,cattle ov] ?ree ye>s old h seldom be5 affect$1 :ile %eep & pigs1 if n immune to 8acorn poison+10 are b slightly affect$4 ,mll]1 h[ev]1 /ates t horses1 cattle1 %eep1 & goats are affect$2 #i qu>ts 7#aj litres7 tak5 9 f\r days 7 suffici5t to cause poison+ 9 ! case ( a bullock4 ,x is believ$ by "s obs]v]s t half-ripe acorns--e4g4 acorns :i* may drop ow+ to dr\ght--are m injuri\s ?an ?or\ghly rip5$ acorns4 ,"s au?orities appe> to be ( ! op9ion t 8acorn poison+0 is n actually poison+1 b a s]i\s =m ( indige/ion4 ,if ?is be s ! symptoms mu/ be reg>d$ z exce$+ly sev]e4 ,!re is no d\bt t 8acorn poison+0 is n well und]/ood1 b a great deal has be5 obs]v$ & writt5 on ! subject1 & !re is cle> evid5ce t acorns may reasonably be held to be poison\s4 ,x mu/ be po9t$ out1 h[ev]1 t ! poison+ does n usually foll[ on ! consumption ( acorns 9 small quantities1 b is commonly due to full meals ( acorns tak5 9 p]iods :5 !re is a de>? ( h]bage4 ,by prop] prep>ation & /orage acorns h be5 conv]t$ into a mo/ useful food = horses1 cattle & %eep 7,j\r4 ,bd4 ,agric41 ,sept4 #aiad & ,feb4 #aiaf1 & ,leaflet ,no4 #bia ( ! ,bd4 ,agric41 ,! ,food ,value ( ,acorns1 ,horse-,*e/nuts & ,bee* ,ma/74 ,9 ,g]many x has be5 f\nd t acorns f$ to f[ls caus$ dim9i%$ egg-lay+1 :i* f9ally ceas$1 :ile ! yolks ( eggs laid 7 discol\r$ a dirty br[n 7,j\r4 ,bd4 ,agric41 ,dec4 #aiae1 p4 #ijb74 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,! facts z to acorn poison+ & oak-leaf poison+ are n cle>ly kn[n1 & ! actual toxic sub/ance is simil>ly n c]ta9ly kn[n4 ,x is probable1 h[ev]1 t x consi/s ( ,tann91 or sub/ances :i* give rise to ,tann94 ,symptoms4 ,9 relation to ,maladie des ,bois due to leaves1 ,cornev9 gives ! symptoms z loss ( appetite2 less 7& m difficult7 rum9ation2 con/ipation1 :i* increases2 ly+ d[n1 animals look+ at _! flank z 9 colic1 foll[$ by ris+ & attempts to ur9ate1 ) pass+ ( rosy-col\r$ liquid 9 jets2 loss ( milk production1 :i* may drop to no?+2 fev]1 trembl+1 enfeebl$ condition4 ,?ree or f\r days aft] ! comm5cem5t ( illness rum9ation is completely susp5d$2 !re is /amp+ ( ! feet1 colic1 retract$ /oma*1 pulse h>d1 he>t agitat$1 accel]at$ respiration1 viol5t muscul> %ocks1 & frequ5t ur9ation4 ,! ur9e is always d>k 9 col\r1 b v>ies f cle> r$ to d>k black1 nut-br[n be+ usual4 ,cases are only s]i\s :5 a ftid1 fro?y1 & abundant dys5t]y succe$s con/ipation1 9 :i* case !re is rapid emaciation & dea?4 ,usually ! c\rse ( ! illness is n rapid2 b occasionally !re is imm$iate & bloody ur9ation ) viol5t colic & sometimes inte/9al hmorrhage1 dea? occurr+ 9 #bd h\rs4 ,9 poison+ by acorns !re is progressive wa/+1 entire loss ( appetite1 di>rha1 dis*>ge ( an excessive quantity ( pale ur9e1 sore places inside ! m\?1 dis*>ge f ! no/rils1 & also f ! eyes1 :i* are always sunk51 giv+ ! animal a peculi> hagg>d expression4 ,!re is no fev]2 on ! contr>y1 ! temp]ature is commonly bel[ normal1 ?\gh 9 "s cases /at$ to be above normal4 ,mll] rem>ks on ! sev]e con/ipation1 foll[$ by dys5t]ic di>rha1 caus$ by acorns1 especially :5 eat5 9 ! half-ripe condition1 horses1 cattle1 %eep1 & goats be+ affect$4 ,! exp]im5tal poison+ ( a "y /e] & a "y %eep by fully ripe acorns 0 describ$ 9 #ahga 7,j\r4 ,r4,a4,s4,e41 #ahga74 ,9 ! /e] ! symptoms 7 a semi-consci\s condition1 weak pulse1 pallid membranes1 cold surface ( body1 torpid b[els1 sl[ brea?+1 twit*+s ( muscles1 & a disposition to ma9ta9 a recumb5t position4 ,inflammation 0 entirely abs5t4 ,! symptoms increas$ 9 sev]ity day by day2 !re ensu$ a copi\s fl[ ( col\rless ur9e2 a mucopurul5t dis*>ge f ! eyes & no/rils4 ,no impairm5t ( heal? foll[$ ! fe$+ ( acorns to ! %eep4 ,?orburn 7,vet]9>y ,j\rnal1 ,feb41 #aijb7 m5tions loss ( appetite1 grunt+1 dis9cl9ation to move1 pro/ration1 icy coldness ( extremities1 v rapid emaciation 7?is sometimes 0 p>ticul>ly noticeable71 pulse v small & weak 79 "s cases almo/ imp]ceptible71 temp]ature high 7#aje to #ajg ,f417 & con/ipation succe$$ by wat]y di>rha4 ,brookes & ,yeomans describ$ 7,vet]9>y ,j\rnal1 #aiab7 an in/ance 9 :i* #cj animals 7 affect$ & #i di$4 ,! *ief symptoms 7 a dull & depress$ appe>ance1 entire abs5ce ( appetite & rum9ation1 a weak feeble pulse1 subnormal temp]ature & dis9cl9ation to move4 ,?ree cases %[$ a muc\s & blood-t+$ dis*>ge f ! no/rils & anus1 & ^! all di$1 "o eight days aft] be+ se5 & ! o!r two ! day aft]w>ds4 ,ob/9ate /oppage 0 noticeable 9 all cases1 & ! fces 7 inky black1 /9k+ & v ?ick4 ,yeomans obs]v$ simil> symptoms ( acute dige/ive di/urbance2 lat] ! eyes _h a sunk5 appe>ance1 di>rha set 91 ! fces be+ d>k col\r$1 (f5sive & blood/a9$4 ,! temp]ature 0 at fir/ normal & lat] subnormal1 & 9 fatal cases dea? took place 9 f #c to #g days4 ,,ref]5ces4 #d1 #ac1 #bj1 #bf1 #bi1 #gj1 #gc1 #acj1 #add1 #aij1 #bdj1 #bee4 ,,conif]4 ,! only ,conif] :i* commonly causes poison+ ( live-/ock is ! ,yew1 b injury might m frequ5tly occur 7 x n = ! fact t ,conif]s g5]ally are unpleasant to ! ta/e1 & are h5ce avoid$ by /ock4 ,_m species1 h[ev]1 conta9 ,tann91 ,res9s & ,gums1 ,volatile ,oils1 & an acrid sub/ance :i* may cause inflammation ( ! dige/ive & ur9>y tracts1 :ile ,tanret f\nd 9 ! "y %oots ( ,picea ! bitt] glucoside ,pice9 7,c#ad;,h#ah,o#g;,h#b,o72 ,kawali] & ,?al f\nd ! int5sely bitt] glucoside ,p9ipicr9 7,c#bb;,h#cf,o#aa7 9 ,p9us sylve/ris1 ,?uja occid5talis & ,junip]us ,sab9a2 & ,kubel isolat$ ,conif]9 or ,abiet9 7,c#af;,h#bb,o#h71 a slightly bitt] glucoside f\nd 9 ,abies excelsa1 ,a4 pect9ata1 ,p9us /robus1 ,l>ix europa & o!r conif]s4 ,x is n cle>1 h[ev]1 :e!r ^! sub/ances are at all poison\s4 ,x is q possible t if eat5 9 quantity ! foliage ( "s ,conif]s may induce poison\s symptoms & ev5 dea? 9 ! animals conc]n$4 ,x is notewor?y1 h[ev]1 t accord+ to ,pott ! ne$les ( ,picea excelsa1 ,abies pect9ata1 ,l>ix europa1 & ,p9us sp4 are1 9 ! m\nta9\s di/ricts ( ,/ei]m>k1 ,krnt51 & ,tyrol1 ext5sively f$ to cattle & %eep1 usually z a supplem5t>y food1 ei!r fre% or dri$ & gr\nd up--*iefly p]haps z an appetis]1 & 9 small quantities z a dietetic2 ,junip]us sp4 are simil>ly utilis$ 9 "s di/ricts4 ,x is n kn[n to :at ext5t ! foliage may be f$ )\t h>mful consequ5ces1 b ,pott /ates t l>ge quantities c cause hmaturia & simil> effects1 & h5ce only small quantities %\ld be us$1 & ev5 s may imp>t a bad flav\r to ! milk ( c[s4 ,all gre5 ne$les frequ5tly cause dige/ive tr\bles4 ,a case has rec5tly 7,janu>y1 #aiaf7 be5 report$ to ! au?or 9 :i* a ,d\glas ,fir 0 cut d[n & a small bran* ab\t #d ft4 long 0 flung ov] into a field4 ,two %eep nipp$ (f ! b>k & ne>ly di$1 b bo? vomit$ & recov]$4 ,! f>m] report+ ?is exp]i5ce recalls t ov] #cj ye>s ago1 aft] a gale1 a lot ( trees 7 bl[n d[n 9 a small plantation1 & 9 sev]e wea!r ! %eep ate ! b>k to su* an ext5t t #hj ( !m abort$1 :ile ( ! ewes :i* did n eat ! b>k none abort$1 s t x w\ld appe> t ! b>k ( ,scot* ,fir & ,spruce 0 to blame = ! loss4 ,! foliage ( ! ,yew 7see bel[7 is well kn[n to be dang]\sly poison\s to /ock1 & has caus$ _m losses4 ,9 reg>d to ,cupressus ! only cases ( poison+ :i* h be5 trac$ are record$ 9 ,! ,j\rnal ( ! ,bo>d ( ,agriculture 7,octob]1 #aije74 ,^! cases 7 report$ z foll[s3-- 8,two in/ances h rec5tly come be=e ! ,bo>d 9 :i* ! dea? ( cattle has be5 attribut$ to ! poison\s effects ( ,cupressus macroc>pa & ,c4 nootkat5sis4 ,9 "o case f\r bullocks di$1 & on ! int]nal organs be+ =w>d$ by ! own] to ! ,royal ,vet]9>y ,college1 ,pr(essor ,mc,fadyean report$ t f ! inflam$ condition ( ! f\r? /oma* & f ! description ( ! symptoms he _h little d\bt t ! cause ( dea? 0 irritant poison4 ,"s pieces ( ,cupressus macroc>pa 7 f\nd 9 _! /oma*s1 & 9 default ( any o!r explanation x 0 sugge/$ t ?is plant might h "s poison\s prop]ties4 8,9 ano!r case ?ree heif]s are /at$ to h suff]$ f irritant poison2 "o ( !m di$1 b ! o!r two recov]$ on removal to ano!r field4 ,! vet]9>y surgeon 9 ?is case also attribut$ ! dea? to a ,cupressus 7,c4 nootkat5sis7 gr[+ by ! side ( ! field4 8,! ,bo>d h no in=mation z to ! poison\s prop]ties ( ^! two species1 nor c any record be f\nd ( any simil> case :i* w\ld t5d to confirm ! suspicion t !y are poison\s to cattle40 ,,ref]5ces4 #d1 #af1 #gf1 #add1 #bac1 #beb4 ,yew 7,taxus baccata ,l474 ,z /at$ above1 ! ,yew is ! only ,briti% conif] t is likely to prove s]i\sly poison\s to live /ock4 ,x has un=tunately caus$ ! dea? ( _m horses & cattle1 :ile asses1 mules1 de]1 pigs1 rabbits1 & pheasants h also be5 poison$4 ,_m cases ( fatal human poison+ h also occurr$4 ,= example1 ! poison+ ( a horse1 & ( cattle1 horses1 & de] 7 m5tion$ respectively 9 #ahhe & #ahic 7,j\r4 ,roy4 ,agric4 ,soc474 8,?r\gh eat+ ! poison\s leaves ( a ,yew tree1 f\r cross-br$ cattle 7 f\nd dead 9 a %rubb]y at ,elmswell1 ne> ,driffield0 7,daily ,mail1 #ac? ,dec41 #aiac74 ,_m cases ( poison+ & dea? ( animals due to eat+ ! foliage direct f ! trees h be5 record$ 9 ! vet]9>y j\rnals--e4g4 ! dea? ( #ae cattle 9 ,! ,vet]9>y ,news1 #g? ,dec41 #aiab4 ,tegetmei] record$ ! dea? ( pheasants due to ,yew leaves & se$s 7,! ,field1 #aa? ,nov41 #ahic74 ,on ! o!r h& _m cases h be5 record$ 9 :i* fatal results h n foll[$ ! +e/ion ( ! leaves1 & x appe>s t ! l[] bran*es ( ,yew trees 9 p>ks are con/antly cropp$ by cattle )\t ill effects4 7,trans4 ,*em4 ,soc41 #aijb2 ,j\r4 ,bd4 ,agric41 #aijc74 ,! b>k1 leaves1 & se$s are all poison\s1 ! leaves usually be+ ! p>ts eat54 ,h5sl[ /ates t ( #cb cases ( ,yew poison+ #i 7 due to ! b]ries & ! rema9d] to ! leaves1 :ile #bj ( ! #cb cases 7 fatal4 ,9 #ahgi ,r4 ,modl5 publi%$ a circum/antial acc\nt ( *ildr5 poison$ at ,ox=d by ! fruits1 & demon/rat$ t ! arillus or sc>let mucilag9\s cup surr\nd+ ! ripe se$ is n poison\s1 b t ! se$s are s4 ,ap>t f idiosyncrasy ( appetite /ock are p]haps m likely to eat ! d>k gre5 foliage ( ! ,yew 9 w9t] or dur+ sc>city ( gre5 fodd] ?an at o!r times4 ,! old leaves or %oots are ! mo/ poison\s p>ts4 ,by exp]im5ts ) autumn & w9t] leaves ,cornev9 f\nd t ! foll[+ quantities w\ld be necess>y to kill v>i\s animals3-- ,horse #jb lb4 p] #ajj lb4 live weight4 ,ass & ,mule #jaf lb4 ,c[ & ,%eep #aj lb4 ,goat #ab lb4 ,pig #jc lb4 ,rabbit #bj lb4 ,o!r au?orities1 h[ev]1 quote mu* l[] quantities z necess>y to kill ! horse & ox1 & ,pott says t 9 ! case ( horses #aej to #ahj grammes 7#jcc to #jd lb47 is suffici5t to cause dea? 9 "o-qu>t] to "o-half an h\r1 )\t previ\s symptoms4 ,eat5 by an animal on a full /oma* a small quantity ( ,yew may cause little or no dang]\s results4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,! rese>*es ( ,m>m po9t$ to ! alkaloid ,tax9e 7,c#cg;,h#eb,,no#aj7 z ! toxic sub/ance4 ,lat] inve/igations ( ,?orpe & ,/ubbs confirm$ ?is view1 & x is g5]ally agre$ t ?is sub/ance is ! toxic pr9ciple1 ?\gh d\bts z to its be+ ! only poison h be5 express$4 ,tax9e has a bitt] ta/e1 is a he>t depressant1 & may cause dea? f suffocation4 ,! yew also conta9s a consid]able quantity ( ,=mic ,acid1 & ! acrid1 irritant volatile ,oil ( ,yew4 ,?orpe & ,/ubbs 7,trans4 ,*em4 ,soc41 #aijb7 f\nd 9 ! fre% leaves ( ! common ,yew f #ja to #jah p] c5t4 ( ,tax9e4 ,9 an inve/igation ( ! ,iri% ,yew 7,t4 baccata v>4 fa/igiata7 ,moss f\nd ,tax9e pres5t z foll[s3-- ,leaves f female tree1 fre% #jeif p] c5t4 ,leaves f female tree1 fre% #jfbc ,se$s f fruit ( same tree #jjgi ,ano!r female tree--leaves #jcbc ,ano!r female tree--se$s #jjhb ,9 ! leaves ( ! male common ,yew ,moss f\nd #jjhb p] c5t4 ( ,tax9e1 or less ?an "o-half ! quantity f\nd by ,?orpe & ,/ubbs4 ,symptoms4 ,! ,yew is irritant & n>cotic1 & ! poison is n cumulative1 b on ! o!r h& rapidly effective1 s t animals may die app>5tly sudd5ly1 no previ\s symptoms hav+ be5 obs]v$4 ,:5 small quantities only h be5 tak5 ! close/ att5tion is necess>y to disc]n ! symptoms1 :i* simply consi/ 9 a little excitem5t ) a slight rise 9 temp]ature4 ,) l>g] 7b n fatal7 quantities ! fir/ symptom1 excitem5t1 is m pron\nc$ & is foll[$ by nausea1 & 7:]e possible7 vomit+4 ,!re is a pron\nc$ slack5+ ( respiration & circulation1 ! pulse be+ small1 sl[1 & difficult to p]ceive1 & ! movem5t ( ! flanks v sl[2 s5sibility is dim9i%$4 ,!re is a fall 9 temp]ature1 ! sk9 & extremities be+ cold4 ,! head is l[]$1 ! eyes are clos$ & !re is decubitus4 ,9 "s cases pregnant animals h abort$4 ,9 ! horse !re are muscul> tremors & frequ5t ur9ation4 ,9 cattle & %eep rum9ation is susp5d$ & !re is m or less pron\nc$ tympanites1 ) eructation1 nausea1 & sometimes vomit+4 ,pigs bury ! head 9 ! litt] & sleep1 _! sleep be+ int]rupt$ f "t to "t by nausea & groan+2 or ! animals rise1 /agg] ab\t1 & lie d[n aga94 ,) fatal quantities ! =ego+ symptoms may be foll[$ by coma1 ) dea? 9 two h\rs or m aft] ! poison+1 b m g5]ally & usually 9 horses1 asses1 & mules 7b also 9 cattle7 !re is no p]iod ( coma1 ! excitem5t is less pron\nc$ & (t5 unobs]v$1 & dea? appe>s v sudd54 ,! animals /op1 %ake _! heads1 respiration is modifi$1 !re is fall+1 & dea? 7sometimes ) convulsions7 results f cessation ( ! he>t's action 7,cornev974 ,! symptoms giv5 by ,mll] are ro>+1 torpidity1 /upefaction1 lab\r$ brea?+1 convulsions & dea? 9 f t5 m9utes to an h\r 9 ! wor/ cases2 or :]e ! c\rse ( poison+ is sl[]1 !re is salivation1 nausea1 vomit+1 bloat+1 ret>dation ( pulse & respiration1 great gidd9ess & /upefaction1 diabetes & hmaturia4 ,! rapidity ( ! poison+ is confirm$ by cases not$ 9 ! vet]9>y j\rnals4 ,l&] %[s t ! effects (t5 only appe> 9 cattle :5 *ew+ ! cud2 :il/ quietly *ew+1 !y drop z if %ot4 ,9 "s examples ! animal di$ :ile eat+ ! plant1 or 0 f\nd to h fall5 & di$ sudd5ly & )\t evid5ce ( a /ruggle4 ,! animal 9 "s cases w /op sudd5ly :il/ work+1 />t bl[+ & trembl+1 /agg]1 fall on its haun*es1 !n on its side1 & die quietly4 ,dea? occurs 9 ab\t five m9utes ) symptoms resembl+ apoplexy4 ,a colt di$ aft] #af or #ag h\rs2 ! plant 0 tak5 on a full /oma*1 b p>alysis ( ! alim5t>y sy/em ) /oppage ( dige/ion imm$iately ensu$4 ,9 ! case ( pheasants !re 0 acute inflammation ( ! small inte/9es 7,tegetmei]74 ,,ref]5ces4 #d1 #af1 #di1 #gc1 #ha1 #hd1 #ajj1 #abh1 #acj1 #ada1 #add1 #afa1 #agj1 #ahi1 #aij1 #bje1 #bac1 #bci1 #bdj1 #bef4 ,,aroide4 ,cuckoo ,p9t 7,arum maculatum ,l474 ,! well-kn[n ,cuckoo ,p9t1 or ,lords & ,ladies1 is to be reg>d$ z highly poison\s1 & *ildr5 h di$ f eat+ ! b]ries4 ,animals h exceptionally eat5 ! plant1 b no record ( dea? has be5 f\nd1 z x does n appe> to be tak5 9 suffici5t quantity4 ,cornev9 records t pigs h eat5 ! roots1 & suff]$ 9 consequ5ce1 ?\gh ! results 7 n fatal4 ,all p>ts ( ! plant are poison\s1 ?\gh ! virul5ce is lo/ on dry+4 ,! plant is acrid1 & emits a disagreeable smell :5 bruis$4 ,9 ,g]>de's ,h]ball ! foll[+ passage occurs3 8,! mo/ pure & :ite />* is made f ! rootes ( ! ,cuck[p9t2 b mo/ hurtfull = ! h&s ( ! laundresse t ha? ! h&l+ ( x1 = x *oppe?1 bli/]e?1 & make? ! h&s r\gh & rugg$1 & )all sm>t+40 ,9 ,dorset ! tub]-l corms h be5 mac]at$ 9 wat]1 dri$ & p[d]$1 & eat5 "u ! "n ,portl& ,sago or ,portl& ,arr[root1 ! poison\s prop]ty be+ dissipat$4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,! ,cuckoo ,p9t does n seem to h receiv$ mu* att5tion 9 ?is connection1 b ! poison\s pr9ciple is believ$ to be a ,sapon94 ,symptoms4 ,! juice acts z an irritant :5 9 contact ) ! muc\s membrane4 ,:5 a pig has eat5 sev]al roots ri* 9 sap1 ! m\? & tongue r$d5 & tumefy1 !re is salivation1 & swall[+ is difficult on acc\nt ( ! inflammation at ! back ( ! m\?4 ,introduc$ 9 small quantity into ! dige/ive tract x acts z an irritant & purgative1 & sometimes causes vomit+4 ,sev]e inte/9al pa9s1 excitem5t1 "s muscul> contraction ( ! limbs1 rock+ ( ! head1 & sup]purgation ) t5esmus are also symptoms :i* h be5 obs]v$4 ,! inte/9al pa9s cont9ue = "s days & ! appetite is small4 ,cornev9 /ates t animals nev] take a suffici5t quantity to cause fatal poison+1 b accord+ to ,l&]1 if a dang]\s quantity is tak51 convulsions1 exhau/ion1 & dea? f %ock may possibly foll[ ! =ego+ symptoms4 ,a case 9 :i* a horse 0 poison$ ?r\gh a w\nd be+ wa%$ ) a decoction ( arum leaves is cit$ by ,mll]4 ,!re 0 mu* local swell+1 trembl+1 & rapid brea?+1 & ! he>t beat /rongly2 ! animal di$ on ! ?ird day4 ,,ref]5ces4 #gc1 #ha1 #acj1 #ada1 #agj1 #aij4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,dioscoride4 ,black ,bryony 7,tamus communis ,l474 ,! /em & foliage ( ,black ,bryony are app>5tly h>mless1 be+ br[s$ by %eep & goats ) impunity1 b ! sc>let fruits are decid$ly poison\s & ! />*y root is acrid & purgative4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,?is is probably ! glucoside ,bryon91 :i* occurs 9 ,bryonia dioica 7p4 #ce74 ,symptoms4 ,cornev91 9 cit+ exp]im5ts on animals1 /ates t small quantities ( ! fruits cause uneas9ess1 somnol5ce1 & difficult locomotion4 ,l>g] quantities cause vomit+1 inte/9al pa9s1 & p>alysis ( h9d qu>t]s4 ,dea? is rapid4 ,mll]1 h[ev]1 rem>ks t p>alysis ( ! h9d qu>t]s & convulsions may result f small quantities1 l>ge quantities caus+ 9 addition inflammation ( ! /oma* & inte/9es4 ,,ref]5ces4 #gc1 #aij4 ,,liliace4 ,h]b ,p>is 7,p>is quadrifolia ,l474 ,ow+ to its habitat--damp woods--x is unlikely t /ock w eat ?is plant1 b x may be possible :]e fields bord] op5 woods 9 :i* x gr[s4 ,no records ( /ock poison+ h be5 met )1 b cases ( poison+ 9 man are record$1 "o due to eat+ a consid]able numb] 7#cj to #dj7 ( ! b]ries1 & symptoms ( poison+ 9 a *ild f\r ye>s ( age :o _h eat5 a few b]ries4 ,9 small] quantities !y are v poison\s to p\ltry4 ,all p>ts are /at$ to be poison\s1 especially ! b]ries4 ,fatal poison+s are nil1 or v r>e if record$4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,walz isolat$ ! glucoside ,p>id92 & ,ess] /ates t ! toxic prop]ty is due to a ,sapon91--! bitt] irritant glucoside ,p>i/yphn9 7,c#ch;,h#fd,o#ah71 :i* is conv]tible into ,p>id9 7,c#af;,h#bh,o#g #b;,h#b,o7 & sug>4 ,symptoms4 ,! plant is emetic1 purgative1 int5sely acrid1 & n>cotic4 ,poison+ up to ! pres5t only appe>s to h be5 record$ 9 f[ls1 ! symptoms be+ int5se local inflammation1 n>cotic effects1 vomit+1 colic1 di>rha1 /upefaction1 convulsions1 & p>alysis 7,mll]74 ,,ref]5ces4 #d1 #af1 #gc1 #gf1 #ha1 #acj1 #ada1 #aij4 ,lily-(-!-,valley 7,convall>ia majalis1 ,l474 ,?is beautiful plant is only likely to induce poison+ ( dome/ic animals at v r>e int]vals1 z x occurs wild 9 only a few woods f ,moray s\?w>ds1 be+1 h[ev]1 abundant 9 "s di/ricts4 ,all p>ts are /at$ to be poison\s1 especially ! fl[]s4 ,x has an acrid1 bitt] ta/e4 ,few cases ( poison+ are record$4 ,%eep & goats are believ$ to eat ! leaves ) impunity4 ,! extract is s poison\s t f\r drops inject$ into ! blood /ream suffic$ to kill a dog 9 t5 m9utes 7,cornev974 ,! leaves h be5 kn[n to kill geese & f[ls4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,all p>ts ( ! plant conta9 ! bitt] poison\s glucoside ,convallam>9 7,c#bc;,h#dd,o#ab71 ! glucoside ,p>id9 7,c#af;,h#bh,o#g #b;,h#b,o71 & ! glucoside ,convall>9 7,c#cd;,h#fb,o#aa7--! fir/ a dang]\s purgative1 & ! la/ a c>diac poison resembl+ ,digitalis4 ,convallam>9 is a v poison\s cry/all9e sub/ance1 ) at fir/ a bitt] & aft]w>ds a sweeti% ta/e4 ,symptoms4 ,! action ( ?is plant on ! animal organism is n yet cle>ly kn[n1 b x is /at$ to h m>k$ emetic & purgative action4 ,tak5 9 mod]ate quantities a p]iod ( ret>dation ( ! he>t & lung action is foll[$ by a p]iod 9 :i* ! he>t action is int]mitt5t1 & !re are /oppages 9 respiration1 & vomit+4 ,tak5 9 l>ge quantities1 ! fir/ ( ^! p]iods is extremely %ort1 ! pulse soon becomes rapid & small1 respiration is quick5$1 & ! he>t action ceases 7,cornev974 ,pott obs]ves t ! leaves cause /upefaction1 convulsions1 & dea? aft] a few h\rs 9 ! case ( geese4 ,he cites a case 9 :i* t5 f[ls ate ! leaves & n9e di$4 ,,ref]5ces4 #eb1 #gc1 #gf1 #ha1 #aij1 #bjc1 #bje1 #bac4 ,mead[ ,saffron 7,col*icum autumnale ,l474 ,! ,mead[ ,saffron1 ,autumn ,crocus1 or ,nak$ ,ladies1 z x is v>i\sly nam$1 occurs 9 mead[s 9 _m di/ricts 9 ,engl& & ,wales4 ,all p>ts are poison\s1 bo? 9 ! gre5 /ate & :5 dri$1 z x possibly may be1 9 hay4 ,x has caus$ ext5sive losses ( live /ock1 & ! greate/ c>e %\ld be tak5 to eradicate x f grass l&4 ,! leaves & se$-vessels are produc$ 9 spr+1 & ! fl[]s f ,augu/ to ,octob]--& x is at ^! two p]iods t cases ( poison+ by ?is plant are mo/ frequ5t1 ?\gh1 z /at$1 x may be includ$ 9 hay4 ,_m horses1 cattle1 & pigs h be5 kill$ by ,mead[ ,saffron1 ?\gh cattle commonly avoid x4 ,%eep & goats are believ$ to be v slightly affect$4 ,*ildr5 & f[ls di$ at ,s*orr5 7,canton ,b]ne7 f eat+ ! se$s1 & !re h be5 _m cases ( human poison+ due bo? to eat+ ! se$s & ! bulbs4 ,9 ,/af=d%ire1 ,mr ,j4 ,c4 ,ru%ton report$ "s ye>s ago#d t 9 "o ye> a f>m] lo/ sev5te5 milk+ c[s2 9 #aijh he lo/ sev5 calves2 & 9 #aiji he lo/ a numb] ( %eep & c[s4 ,x 0 !n discov]$ t ! field 9 :i* ! animals graz$ conta9$ 8any quantity ( ,mead[ ,saffron & ,wat] ,hemlock10 & ?is 0 ! cause ( ! losses4 ,horses & cattle are m commonly poison$ ?an o!r dome/icat$ animals4 ,johnson & ,s[]by record ! case ( a woman :o ate ! corms 9 mi/ake = onions at ,cov5t ,g>d51 & di$2 & /ate t de] & cattle h be5 kill$ by ! leaves4 ,kanngiess] notes t ?is species is ! mo/ toxic ( ,g]man plants1 & t 9 cases ( human poison+ ! mortality is #ij p] c5t41 *ildr5 be+ *iefly affect$4 ,cornev9's exp]im5ts %[$ t #h to #aj grammes ( gre5 leaves p] kilogramme ( live weight--say #c to #e lb4 = an av]age c[--0 suffici5t to kill rum9ants2 :ile #cj c5tigrammes ( corms p] kilogramme ( live weight suffic$ to kill pigs--say #d oz4 = a pig ( #bjj lb4 live weight4 ,b>ret & ,reml+] 7,vet]9>y ,j\rnal1 #aiab1 p4 #cjf7 record ! sudd5 illness ( #ca out ( #ea cattle1 & #e ( !m di$4 ,footnote #d3 ,/af=d%ire ,weekly ,s5t9el1 ,aug4 #ba/1 #aiji4 ,! toxic pr9ciple is cumulative1 t is1 small quantities ( ! plant eat5 regul>ly may result 9 poison+1 ow+ to ! poison be+ sl[ly elim9at$ by ! kidneys4 ,inde$1 cases h be5 record$ 9 :i* ! poison has be5 secret$ & elim9at$ 9 ! milk ( c[s & s has caus$ poison+ ( bo? calves & infants4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,mead[ ,saffron conta9s 9 all p>ts ! acrid1 poison\s alkaloid ,col*ic9e 7,c#bb;,h#be,,no#f7 /at$ by ,ess] to occur to ! ext5t ( #jb p] c5t4 9 ! corms1 #jd to #jf p] c5t4 9 ! se$ coats1 b only traces 9 ! leaves4 ,h]tel obta9$ #jch to #jda p] c5t4 ( alkaloid f ! se$s1 ,f>r & ,wright f #jdf to #jie p] c5t41 & ,c>r & ,reynolds #jab to #jeg p] c5t42 ! ,u4,s4 ,ph>macopia1 #aije1 requir$ a ,col*ic9e cont5t ( #jde p] c5t4 9 ! se$s1 & #jce p] c5t4 9 ! corms 7,all574 ,symptoms4 ,aft] small1 b n fatal doses !re is loss ( appetite1 suppression ( rum9ation1 salivation1 light colic1 di>rha & void+ ( small quantities ( ur9e4 ,blood has be5 obs]v$ 9 ! milk ( affect$ c[s4 ,l>g] & fatal quantities cause total loss ( appetite & s5sation1 /upefaction1 loss ( consci\sness1 dilatation ( pupils1 un/eady gait1 & ev5 p>alysis ( limbs1 sweat+1 sev]e colic1 & bloody di>rha1 /rangury & bloody ur9ation2 rapid1 small1 & f9ally imp]ceptible pulse1 lab\r$ brea?+2 & dea? 9 f "o to ?ree days4 ,:]e recov]y takes place x is v sl[ 7#ab to #ad days accord+ to ,cornev974 ,cornev9 draws att5tion to ! fact t1 z ! symptoms d n occur until sev]al h\rs aft] +e/ion1 by :i* "t ! poison mu/ be p>tly di/ribut$1 ! poison is v dang]\s & difficult to combat1 attempts at vomit+ or evacuation1 :e!r spontane\s or caus$ !rapeutically1 hav+ little *ance ( ridd+ ! organism ( ! poison4 ,cornev9's acc\nt ( ! symptoms %[s t at fir/ !re is abundant salivation1 ) con/riction ( ! ?roat1 & dysphagia2 !n nausea ) vomit+2 colic2 abundant1 repeat$ & di>rhic evacuations1 :i* at ! end become dys5t]ic ) pa9ful t5esmus2 abundant ur9ation2 %ort1 accel]at$ & difficult respiration1 ) incoord9ation 9 ! ?oracic & abdom9al movem5ts4 ,! circulatory functions are modifi$ only 9 fatal cases1 :5 ! pulse is small & int]mitt5t t[>ds ! end4 ,!re is f9ally a notable drop 9 temp]ature1 %[n by ! coldness ( ! sk94 ,dea? occurs 9 f #af h\rs to #f days aft] +e/ion4 ,dur+ ! la/ few h\rs ! animals are /ret*$ at full l5g? & are incapable ( gett+ up4 ,!re may be prolapsus ( ! rectum2 ! eye is deeply sunk2 s5sibility is dead5$ & dea? is due to /oppage ( respiration4 ,9 ! horse1 !re are spasmodic movem5ts ( ! h9d-qu>t]s & excessive excitem5t ( ! ur9>y g5ital organs4 ,9 cattle !re is cessation ( rum9ation1 gr9d+ ( tee?1 dryness ( muzzle1 ptyalism1 groan+1 pa9ful colic1 dys5t]y1 deeply sunk5 & wat]y eyes1 anus wide op51 & evacuation ( v ftid1 blacki%1 gl>e\s matt] r\nd ! excrem5t4 ,9 c[s !re may be suppression ( milk1 & abortion4 ,9 ! pig !re is abundant salivation & vomit+1 & ! animal keeps its sn\t buri$ 9 ! litt]4 ,!re is also extremely ftid di>rha1 ) dys5t]y4 ,,ref]5ces4 #d1 #af1 #bg1 #gc1 #ha1 #abh1 #acj1 #ada1 #adh1 #aea1 #aij1 #aib1 #bjc1 #bag1 #bee4 ,,gram9e4 ,d>nel 7,lolium temul5tum ,l474 ,! grass kn[n z ,d>nel1 ( ! same g5us z rye-grass1 has be5 recogniz$ = c5turies z a h>mful species1 & x is consid]$ by "s au?orities t x is really ! t>es ( ,scripture :i* ! enemy s[$ among ! :eat4 ,its effect on eyesight 0 kn[n to ! anci5ts#e1 & its objectionable "* 0 not$ by ,%akespe>e3-- ,footnote #e3 ,e4g4 ,ovid says 8,let ! fields be cle> ( d>nel t weak5s ! eyes40 ,9 ,plautus' com$y1 ,! ,bragg>t ,soldi]1 "o s]vant says to ano!r1 8',tis a wond] t y are 9 ! habit ( fe$+ on d>nel ) :eat at s l[ a price40 8,:y s80 8,because y are s dim ( sight40 ,agric4 ,j\r4 ,union ( ,s4 ,africa1 ,jan4 #aiad1 p4 #hb4 8,want ye corn = bread8 ,i ?9k ! ,duke ( ,burgundy w fa/ ,be=e he'll buy aga9 at su* a rate3 ',twas full ( d>nel3 ,d y l ! ta/e80 --,i ,h5ry ,,vi1 ,act ,,iii1 ,sc4 #b4 ,its effect :5 mix$ ) fl\r 0 also ref]r$ to by ,g]>de 7#aeig73 8,! new bread :]e9 ,d>nell is1 eat5 hot1 cause? drunk5ness2 9 l mann] do? be]e or ale :]e9 ! se$e is fall51 or put into ! mault40 ,be=e ! se$+ /age is rea*$ ,d>nel seems to be q suitable z a food = /ock1 only ! se$ or gra9 be+ poison\s1 & ?is n inv>iably s4 ,! *ief dang] p]haps is t ! gra9 may n be ?or\ghly remov$ f c]eal gra9s1 & may ?us f9d its way into bread or c]eal /ock foods4 ,?\gh x has caus$ _m cases ( human poison+1 fatal results seem to be r>e3 ,dr4 ,taylor c\ld record no fatal case up to #ahei4 ,d>nel mix$ ) b>ley caus$ ! poison+ ( pigs 7,vet]9>ian1 #ahdb74 ,johnson & ,s[]by 7#ahfa7 /ate t ,d>nel has 9 sev]al cases prov$ fatal to horses & %eep4 ,! same au?orities quote a case 9 :i* #hj inmates ( ,%effield ,workh\se 7 attack$ by viol5t vomit+ & purg+ f ! use ( oatmeal conta9+ ,d>nel4 ,at ! ,vet]9>y ,s*ool at ,lyons a horse 0 kill$ by giv+ x #b kilogrammes 7#dd lb47 ( ,d>nel4 ,cornev9 conclud$ t ! am\nts ( ,d>nel necess>y to kill c]ta9 animals w\ld be z foll[s3-- ,horse #jg lb4 p] #ajj lb4 live weight4 ,rum9ants #ae to #ah lb4 p] #ajj lb4 live weight4 ,p\ltry #ae to #ah lb4 ,dog #ah lb4 ,he f\nd pigs v little affect$4 ,z reg>ds man #cj grammes 7#a oz47 ( ! fl\r appe> to be ab\t ! mo/ t c be tak5 )\t %[+ dang]\s symptoms4 ,! pres5ce ( ,d>nel fl\r 9 fl\r ( ! c]eal gra9s may be det]m9$ by an exam9ation ( ! />* granules1 :i* are giv5 by ,cornev9 z only #e to #h2 9 diamet] 7comp>$ ) #be to #d = rye71 simple 9 g5]al1 b sometimes 9 gr\ps ( #b to ev5 #e1 polyh$ral or p>tly r\nd$1 ) a nucleus or fusi=m nucleal cavity1 & readily col\r$ blue ) iod9e2 !y resemble ^? ( maize b are only ab\t "o-eigh? ! size4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,! gra9s only are h>mful1 & conta9 ! n>cotic alkaloid ,temul9e 7,c#g;,h#ab,n#b,o71 :i* ,h(mei/] %[$ to be a /rong n]ve poison1 & :i* is said to occur to ! ext5t ( #jjh p] c5t4 9 ! se$s4 ,o!r au?orities impute ! toxic prop]ty to ,loli9e1 :ile ,smi? /ates t ! toxic pr9ciple is ,picrotox94 ,9 relation to ! gra9 fungal hyph h usually be5 f\nd1 ?\gh n inv>iably1 #bj to #cj p] c5t4 ( ! plants sometimes be+ free f x4 ,! fungus 7,endoconidium temul5tum7 is propagat$ vegetatively by means ( mycelium4 ,x appe>s to live symbiotically 9 ! matur+ gra91 & p]haps to a slight ext5t r5d]s possible ! assimilation ( nitrog5 f ! atmosph]e2 b ,freeman obs]v$ t ?\gh g5]ally /imulat+ to ! ,d>nel1 x is occasionally injuri\s to x4 ,ess] sums x up by say+ t accord+ to mo/ au?orities :o h inve/igat$ ,d>nel ! fungus alone conta9s ! toxic sub/ance--! ,temul9e--& h5ce ! gra9s 9 :i* ! fungus does n occur %\ld be h>mless4 ,! fungus is f\nd 9 ,d>nel gra9 9 all c\ntries--,*ile1 ,brazil1 ,s4 ,africa1 ,p]sia1 ,spa91 ,france1 ,sw$51 ,g]many1 etc4 ,s f> z c be asc]ta9$ !re h be5 no fe$+ exp]im5ts to det]m9e ! diff]5ce 9 toxic "* betwe5 fungus-infe/$ & fungus-free gra9s4 ,! dang]\s prop]ties are said to be mo/ pron\nc$ 9 wet seasons4 ,symptoms4 ,9 ,france ,d>nel is call$ ,ivraie1 because1 :5 brew$ ) b>ley1 x acts z a n>cotic intoxicant4 ,d>nel poison+ induces gidd9ess1 dr[s9ess1 unc]ta9 gait1 & /upefaction 7,mll]71 &1 9 ! old] animals1 vomit+1 convulsions1 loss ( s5sation & dea? 7,pott74 ,! symptoms 9 ! horse are dilatation ( pupils1 v]tigo1 unc]ta9 gait1 & trembl+4 ,! animal falls1 ! body is cold & ! extremities are /iff1 respiration is lab\r$1 ! pulse is sl[ & small1 & !re are convulsive movem5ts ( ! head & limbs4 ,!re is rapid enfeeblem5t1 & dea? may occur )9 ?irty h\rs4 ,9 pigs1 foam+1 convulsions & p>alysis h be5 obs]v$2 ! /oma* & inte/9es 7 inflam$ & ! lungs conge/$4 ,,ref]5ces4 #d1 #af1 #gc1 #ha1 #ajf1 #abh1 #acj1 #ada1 #aij1 #bjc1 #bjd1 #bje1 #bac1 #bcc1 #bce1 #bed4 ,,equisetace4 ,horsetails 7,equisetum sp474 ,a v great deal has be5 writt5 on ! subject ( ,equisetosis or ,equisetum poison+1 & ev5 at ! pres5t day op9ion is divid$ z to :i* species are poison\s & to :at ext5t4 ,f ! "t ( ,l9nu !re has be5 unc]ta9ty z to ! species1 :i* has g5]ally be5 giv5 z ,e4 arv5se4 ,two ,g]man pap]s1 by ,web] & ,lohmann respectively1 publi%$ by ! ,g]man ,agricultural ,society 9 #aijc & #aijd1 h done mu* to remove d\bt on ! matt]1 b _c be said to h settl$ ! "q absolutely4 ,^! two pap]s seem to h be5 ov]look$ by "s rec5t writ]s on ! subject1 b ,lohmann's appe>s to be ! mo/ au?oritative pap] yet writt54 ,bo? are ref]r$ to bel[4 ,x seems to be def9itely prov$ t c]ta9 species ( ,equisetum really are poison\s1 hesitat+ /atem5ts not)/&+4 ,*esnut & ,wilcox /ate t !re are cases ( poison+ ( bo? horses & %eep by ,e4 arv5se 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ?\gh !y are n common1 & ! op9ion is express$ t 8! plant1 if delet]i\s1 is evid5tly s only on acc\nt ( its h>% sc\r+ action 9 ! m\? & inte/9al tract40 ,on ! o!r h& ,ri* & ,jones record poison+ ( horses by ,e4 arv5se 9 hay1 b :ile add+ t horses seem to develop a deprav$ appetite = ! we$1 !y /ate t !y h no evid5ce t horses graz+ ^u ! gre5 plant are poison$4 ,gss['s exp]i5ce has be5 t cattle d n suff] any inconv5i5ce at all f ?is species1 or only v slight di/urbance ( ! dige/ive organs1 b t horses are conspicu\sly subject to fatal poison+ by x4 ,exam9ation ( hay on :i* a consid]able numb] ( poison$ horses 7 f$ reveal$ 9 e case ! pres5ce ( ,e4 arv5se4 ,:5 ! food 0 *ang$1 horses1 if n too s]i\sly affect$1 made rapid recov]y4 7,treatm5t sugge/$ is to *ange to easily dige/$ food1 give a %>p purgative1 & foll[ by small doses ( nux vomica ?ree times a day47 ,pammel says t 9 rec5t ye>s a disease ( horses 9 ,v]mont has be5 attribut$ to hay & fodd] conta9+ ! we$2 t x is prov$ by exp]im5t t :5 +e/$ 9 suffici5t quantity ,e4 arv5se is capable ( caus+ fatal poison+ 9 horses1 & is at times ! cause ( ext5sive losses2 & t "y horses are mo/ susceptible1 :ile gra9-f$ horses are less susceptible ?an o!rs4 ,he adds t %eep are suppos$ to be slightly affect$1 b cattle eat hay 9 :i* x occurs 9 l>ge proportion ) impunity4 ,com+ to ! two ,g]man reports1 x is /at$ by ,web] 7#aijc7 t ,e4 palu/re conta9s a specific poison = cattle & o!r rum9ants1 b %eep & goats are able1 ow+ to _! f9e muzzles1 to sep>ate x 9 fodd]1 & h5ce suff] less4 ,horses & pigs1 he says1 seem to suff] v little4 ,"y animals & /ock1 f di/ricts :]e ! species does n occur1 suff] m ?an ^? f places :]e x occurs--! latt] appe>+ to le>n e>ly to avoid x4 ,lohmann conduct$ fe$+ exp]im5ts ) gu9ea-pigs ) ,e4 arv5se1 ,e4 palu/re1 ,e4 prat5se1 ,e4 sylvaticum1 ,e4 maximum1 & ,e4 heleo*>is 7n ,briti%74 ,he also f$ ,e4 arv5se & ,e4 palu/re to horses1 cattle1 %eep1 pigs1 & geese 9 consid]able quantities = _m days on end2 & made exp]im5ts ) aconitic acid on gu9ea-pigs & horses4 ,! fe$+ exp]im5ts ) gu9ea-pigs %[$ t ( ! species nam$ only ,e4 palu/re & to a less ext5t ,e4 sylvaticum are poison\s plants 7to gu9ea-pigs74 ,) ! l>ge dome/ic animals ! exp]im5ts %[$ ,e4 arv5se to be a h>mless plant1 & ,e4 palu/re to be really injuri\s to cattle b avoid$ by o!r /ock4 ,lohmann consid]s t ! _m /atem5ts 9 ! lit]ature agree 9 "p ) ?is result1 & t ! div]g5t obs]vations may be trac$ to v>i\s causes1 among :i* p]haps an abnormal *emical composition ( ! we$ f$ plays a pr9cipal "p4 ,9 ?is connection1 h[ev]1 ! ,am]ican results mu/ be c>efully borne 9 m9d1 & ,e4 arv5se mu/ n too ha/ily be reg>d$ z blameless4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,x 0 = "s ye>s believ$ t ! app>5t toxic symptoms induc$ by ,horsetails 7 due to ,silica or to ,aconitic acid--! latt] a sub/ance f\nd by ,matz & ,ludwig4 ,! conclusion come to by ,web]1 h[ev]1 0 t ! poison+ by ,e4 palu/re is ( an organic "*1 n due to silica4 ,! "y %oots1 :i* conta9 little silica1 7 f\nd 9 g5]al to be mu* m poison\s ?an ! old plants1 :i* conta9 mu* silica4 ,x 0 long s9ce f\nd by ,wigg]s t dri$ plants ( ,e4 palu/re conta9$ #hhh p] c5t4 ( silica1 b all species conta9 ?is sub/ance 9 great] or less degree1 & x v>ies consid]ably 9 am\nt1 ev5 9 ! same species4 ,! fe$+ exp]im5ts conduct$ by ,lohmann1 ) c]ta9 species ( ,equisetum1 & ! obs]v$ symptoms ( illness aft] ! consumption ( "s ( !m1 p>ticul>ly ,e4 palu/re1 s]ve to %[ t ! ill effects are nei!r to be attribut$ to great] or less dige/ibility1 nor to ! silica pres5t4 ,nei!r are ! aconitic acid & o!r organic sub/ances1 9 "p f\nd 9 previ\s inve/igations1 responsible = ! poison+4 ,h[ev]1 an active comp\nd nam$ ,equiset9e1 a sub/ance belong+ to ! alkaloid gr\p1 0 isolat$2 ?is occurs usually1 p]haps only1 9 ,e4 palu/re1 at any rate 9 suffici5t quantity to be dang]\s to animals4 ,lohmann !n1 foll[+ up ! inve/igations ( ,pauc]zynski1 ,matz1 ,mey]1 ,web] & o!rs1 asc]ta9$ def9itely t ,e4 palu/re conta9s an alkaloidal n]ve poison1 to :i* ! "n ,equiset9e 0 giv51 & ! exp]im5ts 7 held to decide t ?is is ! poison\s sub/ance 9 ?is species4 7,z /at$ above1 ,e4 arv5se 0 held to be h>mless47 ,symptoms4 ,at fir/1 excitem5t & anxiety1 foll[$ by unc]ta9ty ( movem5t1 reel+ & /agg]+2 p>alysis ( h9d limbs at lea/1 fall+1 possibly g5]al p>alysis1 ins5sibility to ext]nal irritants1 unconsci\sness1 & coma4 ,pulse accel]at$1 appetite at fir/ normal1 b 9 c\rse ( "t great di/urbance ( nutrition2 sug> 9 ! ur9e4 ,c\rse sometimes v acute1 dea? occurr+ 9 a few h\rs1 b sometimes protract$ 7two to eight days71 & at times ev5 *ronic 7"o to sev]al weeks74 ,9 cattle1 aft] excessive eat+1 cont9u\s di>rha is *>act]i/ic1 ) p>alysis2 :ile1 if ! food be p]si/$ )1 ca*exia & hydrmia comb9$ ) weakness bord]+ on p>alysis make _! appe>ance 7,fri$b]g] & ,frhn]1 via ,pammel74 ,9 addition to ca*exia1 ,pott also m5tions colic1 /oppage1 bloody ur9ation1 abortion1 & loss ( tee?4 ,"y animals appe> to succumb soon] ?an old] ones1 :ile gra9-f$ animals are m resi/ant ?an o!rs4 ,ref]r+ to ,e4 arv5se ,pammel says x produces p>alysis ( ! re> extremities1 & :5 dea? occurs spasms are not$4 ,9 relation to ! poison+ ( horses by ! same species 9 hay ,ri* & ,jones note un?rift9ess1 ! animal appe>+ ?9 & ! muscles wa/$4 ,9 f two to five weeks1 accord+ to ! age ( ! horse & ! mann] ( fe$+1 ! animal beg9s to lose control ( ! muscles1 & !re is sway+ & /agg]+1 ?\gh ! eye is bright & ! appetite good4 ,if ! plant is regul>ly +e/$ ! horse loses ! p[] ( /&+1 becomes n]v\s1 /ruggles to rise1 ! legs become m or less rigid1 & at times all ! muscles ( ! body seem convuls$4 ,ev5 9 ?is condition "o well-nurs$ pati5t liv$ two weeks4 ,! horses are g5]ally will+ to eat1 al?\gh unable to rise1 b become sore & tir$ f /ruggl+1 f9ally dy+ f exhau/ion4 ,life is mu* prolong$ by turn+ f side to side ?ree or f\r times 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 ?us prev5t+ conge/ion4 ,! pulse is sl[ till ne> ! end1 :5 x is rapid & weak2 ! temp]ature is bel[ normal at fir/1 b :5 ! animal is d[n !re is fev]2 ! extremities are usually cold2 & ! l9+ membrane ( ! m\?1 nose1 & eye becomes pale4 ,( ,equisetum sp4 ,/ebl] & ,s*roet] say t !y induce di>rha 9 cattle1 :i* become poor1 & 9 c[s ! milk yield is *eck$ or ceases4 ,web] also ref]s to ! effect on milk yield ( ,e4 palu/re1 :i* he says causes ! milk ( affect$ c[s to become wat]y1 poor 9 fat1 & gives rise to a greasy1 unappetis+ butt]1 :ile ! yield may soon q fail4 ,,ref]5ces4 #b1 #bj1 #eg1 #aaa1 #agf1 #bjc1 #bjd1 #bac1 #bbj1 #bba1 #bbb1 #bcg1 #bfj1 #bfa4 ,,filices4 ,brack5 7,pt]is aquil9a ,l474 ,! ,brack51 ,brake ,f]n1 or 8,f]n0 is ( v consid]able importance to f>m]s = f\r reasons3 7#a7 ,x is a mo/ p]nici\s we$2 7#b7 x =ms an excell5t litt] = /ock & treads d[n into good manure2 7#c7 x is said to h be5 successfully conv]t$ into silage2 b 7#d7 x has be5 accus$ ( poison+ cattle4 ,9 reg>d to possible poison\s prop]ties1 x mu/ be said t ! facts are at pres5t some:at unc]ta91 b a numb] ( au?orities cle>ly reg>d ! ,brack5 z poison\s4 7a7 ,mll] 7#ahig7 records ! poison+ ( horses :i* ate x = "s weeks ) *aff--& "s di$4 7b7 ,*esnut & ,wilcox 7#aija7 say t cases ( poison+ ( horses & cattle h be5 report$ f ,engl& & a few localities 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7c7 ,pott /ates t :5 eat5 9 quantity by cattle ,brack5 causes hmaturia1 & 9 horses n]v\s symptoms 7bra9 tr\ble71 sometimes ) fatal effects4 7d7 ,pammel also rem>ks on ! believ$ poison\s "* ( ?is plant4 7e7 ,9 view ( its suspect$ poison\s "* fe$+ exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ by ! ,bo>d ( ,agriculture & ,fi%]ies ) a l>ge quantity ( ,brack51 b ! results 7 negative1 yield+ no exp]im5tal pro( ( ! plant be+ poison\s4 ,"o animal--a heif]--consum$ #fj lb4 ( ,brack5 betwe5 ,aug4 #ad & ,aug4 #bj1 & aft] two meals conta9+ ab\t #cj lb4 ( ,brack5 %[$ only symptoms ( indige/ion4 ,aft] ! #fj lb4 !re 7 no symptoms ( illness4 ,x has be5 ?\ght possible t ! s-call$ ,brack5 poison+ is due to ,pot5tilla ,torm5tilla 7q4v474 ,9 #ahic ,/orr> dealt ) ! "q & express$ ! view t any disord] due to ,brack5 0 probably n a toxic effect b a dige/ive tr\ble simply 7,j\r4 ,comp4 ,pa?41 #ahic74 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,cont95tal au?orities say t ,brack5 conta9s ! poison\s ,pt]itannic acid1 :i* is id5tical ) ! ,filicic acid ( ! ,male ,f]n 7,aspidium filix-mas74 ,symptoms4 ,9 ! cases ( horses :i* di$ ,mll] gives ! symptoms z timidity1 sl[] movem5t or action1 loss ( balance1 dilat$ pupils1 r$d5+ foll[$ by yell[+ ( ! conjunctiv1 & sl[+ ( ! pulse4 ,pammel notes ,brack5 z an a/r+5t & an!lm9tic1 & also says x causes ent]itis1 spasms1 & p>alysis4 ,,ref]5ces4 #aj1 #be1 #eg1 #aij1 #bjc1 #bjd1 #bac4 ,,fungi#f4 ,ergot 7,claviceps purpurea74 ,?is fungus1 p>asitic on rye & a numb] ( grasses1 has long be5 kn[n to induce di/9ct poison\s effects on man & dome/ic animals :5 +e/$ 9 suffici5t quantity4 ,footnote #f3 ,poison\s p>asitic fungi g5]ally are n dealt ) 9 ?is volume1 b ergot is includ$ because x is widely di/ribut$ & p]haps ! be/ kn[n1 :ile its effects h be5 fully /udi$4 ,ergot mu/ be reg>d$ z a cause ( abortion 9 c[s1 ?\gh some:at div]g5t views h be5 express$ z to ! facts1 "s au?orities consid]+ ! belief well f\nd$1 :ile o!rs consid] t !re is little gr\nd = x4 ,x is q cle>1 h[ev]1 t :5 tak5 9 suffici5t quantity ,ergot induces s]i\s poison+ ( dome/ic animals4 ,horses h di$ 9 two or ?ree days f eat+ ergot$ hay & wild rye4 ,ext5sive outbreaks ( ergotism h occurr$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & s]i\s losses h be5 record$ 9 ! ,c5tral & ,we/]n ,/ates4 ,ew>t rem>ks t 8a comp>atively small numb] ( fre% ,ergot gra9s suffice to injure or kill a horse1 c[1 or %eep40 ,! effects ( ! poison+ ( animals w be f\nd "u ,symptoms bel[4 ,toxic ,pr9ciple4 ,ergot ( rye is us$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,x conta9s #jbj to #jbe p] c5t4 ( ,ergot99e4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,ph>maceutical ,codex1 #aiaa1 ! gra9s 7scl]otia7 ( ,ergot 7see ,frontispiece7 are describ$ z longitud9ally furr[$1 #a to #d cm4 long1 sl5d]1 curv$1 tap]+ to bo? ends2 !y break ) a %ort fracture1 & are some:at triangul> 9 transv]se section2 !y h a *>act]i/ic & disagreeable od\r & ta/e1 are d>k violet to black 9 col\r1 & :iti% )94 ,ergot conta9s ! physiologically active alkaloid ,ergotox9e or ,hydro]got99e 7,c#ce;,h#da,o#f,n#e71 also kn[n z amorph\s ,ergot99e1 &1 :5 =m]ly obta9$ 9 an impure /ate1 z ,cornut9e & ,ecbol9e4 ,x is ! hydrate ( ! cry/all9e base ,ergot99e 7,c#ce;,h#ci,o#e,n#e74 ,!re are also o!r physiologically active con/itu5ts d]iv$ f am9o-acids4 ,symptoms4 ,9 man ,ergot has induc$ two types ( epidemic ergotism1 caus$ by ! prolong$ use ( ergot$ rye bread4 ,! two =ms are r>ely or nev] f\nd toge!r4 ,"o is a gangr5\s =m *>act]iz$ by agoniz+ pa9 9 ! extremities1 foll[$ by dry gangr5e ( ! p]iph]al p>ts ( ! body4 ,! second type ( ergotism is mu* m r>e--a n]v\s epidemic *>act]iz$ by p>oxysmal epilepti=m convulsions4 ,ow+ to ! fact t at ! outset ergotism causes irritation 9 ! h&s & feet x is t]m$ 8,kribbelkrankheit0 9 ,g]many4 ,! ?ree sub/ances not$ above z isolat$ by ,kob]t are /at$ to cause poison+--! fir/ produc+ inflammation ( ! s]\s & muc\s membranes1 dis9tegration ( ! r$ blood cells1 & widespread ec*ymoses2 ! second excites ! c5tral n]v\s sy/em & causes g5]al convulsions2 & ! la/ induces gangr5e4 ,9 "o case a horse ate ergot$ hay3 next day ! left h9d leg 0 /iff1 & moi/ ) cold sweat2 on ! second day x 0 badly swoll5 & gangr5e ( all ! tissues became app>5t1 & aft] ! sk9 ( ! leg & a consid]able "p ( ! muscul> tissue _h sl\gh$ (f ! animal di$ on ! ?ird day4 ,9 o!r cases horses %[$ symptoms tw5ty-f\r h\rs aft] eat+ ergot$ hay3 fatigue1 indisposition to "w1 cold sweat1 p>ticul>ly on ! neck1 p>alysis ( ! tongue & muscles conc]n$ 9 swall[+1 & !n g5]aliz$ p>alysis1 v sl[ & deep respiration1 subnormal temp]ature1 normal pulse at fir/ & !n weak] till sc>cely di/+ui%able1 dea? 9 six or eight h\rs 7,*esnut & ,wilcox74 ,accord+ to ,pammel ergotism manife/s itself among animals *iefly 9 ! *ronic =m1 ! poison be+ acquir$ 9 small am\nts & accumulation tak+ place sl[ly4 ,two di/9ct =ms ( ! disease are recogniz$1 ! spasmodic & gangr5\s4 8,symptoms ref]able to ! dige/ive tract1 su* z nausea1 vomit+1 colic1 di>rha1 or con/ipation occur 9 bo? =ms4 ,pregnant animals v frequ5tly abort40 8,9 ! spasmodic type ( ! disease1 symptoms due to ov]/imulation ( ! c5tral n]v\s sy/em appe>4 ,^! are tonic contraction ( ! flexor t5dons ( ! limbs1 an/hesia ( ! extremities1 muscul> trembl+1 g5]al tetanic spasms1 convulsions & delirium4 ,dea? usually occurs f second>y causes40 8,gangr5\s ergotism is *>act]is$ by coldness & an/hesia ( ! extremities1 foll[$ ultimately by dry gangr5e ( ^! p>ts4 ,! effects ( ?is dry gangr5e are (t5 v s]i\s & am\nt to sl\gh+ ( ! feet1 tips ( ! e>s1 tip ( ! tail1 %$d+ ( ! hair1 tee?1 etc4 ,dea? takes place f exhau/ion4 8,acute poison+ is *>act]iz$ by vomit+ 79 dogs71 pr(use salivation1 dilatation ( ! pupils1 rapid brea?+ & frequ5t pulse4 ,! animal cries out1 has convulsive twit*+s1 /agg]+ gait1 p>aplegia1 int5se ?ir/ & coma1 t]m9at+ 9 dea?40 ,9 an ext5sive outbreak ( ergotism 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahhd ,law & ,salmon report$ z a prom95t symptom ulc]ation ( ! muc\s membrane ( ! tongue & m\? cavity1 ?is & lesions on ! extremities giv+ ! appe>ance ( foot-&-m\? disease4 ,affect$ animals %[$ weakness1 dullness1 & p>alytic conditions ( c]ta9 gr\ps ( muscles4 ,:5 9 pregnant animals ! ut]us is act$ ^u1 lab\r pa9s occur1 & ! ftus is expell$4 ,! /ra9+ 9 ^? cases is (t5 v pa9ful & may be s sev]e t prolapsus ( ! ut]us or ev5 ! rectum is ! result4 ,:5 ,ergot produces gangr5e1 x usually affects ! extremities1 l ! l[] p>ts ( ! legs1 ! e>s1 tail or teats 9 cattle1 & ! comb1 wattles1 toes1 w+s or tongue ( p\ltry4 ,x is prec$$ by r$ness1 coldness1 & pa9ful swell+ ( ! p>ts affect$4 ,aft] a :ile s5sibility ( ! dy+ region is lo/ & ! l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 x & ! liv+ tissue becomes manife/4 ,! dead portion commonly dies & is ca/ (f4 ,9 "s cases ! gangr5e is accompani$ by symptoms ( a septic nature4 8,! possible result ( ! poison+ dep5ds l>gely on ! am\nt ( ,ergot tak5 & on ! sev]ity ( ! symptoms produc$ !reby4 ,:5 small am\nts are tak5 & only a slight dullness or dige/ive di/urbance results ! outlook may be q fav\rable4 ,ev5 ,ergot abortion ) r sev]e symptoms usually is foll[$ by recov]y1 b 9 ! gangr5\s cases1 fatal t]m9ations are common4 ,! animals :i* ?r\gh ?is cause h lo/ "o or m p>ts are n only crippl$1 b septic or embolic complications may lead to a fatal t]m9ation4 ,p>alytic cases d n p]mit ( a fav\rable prognosis1 especially if muscle gr\ps conta9+ important functions are involv$40 7,n4 ,dakota ,exp4 ,/a4 ,rept47 ,,ref]5ces4 #a1 #d1 #ac1 #af1 #ce1 #eg1 #ha1 #hb1 #abh1 #aed1 #afa1 #bjc1 #bdb1 #bea4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,plants ,,suspect$ ,,( ,,be+ ,,poison\s4 ,a v l>ge numb] ( plants h at v>i\s times be5 suspect$ ( possess+ poison\s prop]ties & caus+ h>m to live /ock4 ,( ^! x is q probable t _m are 9 practice entirely h>mless1 b "s mu/ be includ$ z possibly delet]i\s1 compla9ts hav+ be5 made :i* v>y 9 gravity f a slight irritation to caus+ dea?4 ,purg+ ,flax 7,l9um ca?>ticum ,l474 ,x is p]haps d\btful :e!r ?is plant is really poison\s unless tak5 9 consid]able quantity by animals--z x is q unlikely to be4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be includ$ "h1 z x is /at$ to conta9 a glucoside :i* is purgative & :i* on f]m5tation yields prussic acid4 ,furze or ,gorse 7,ulex europu ,l474 ,9 view ( ! fact t ,g]r>d isolat$ f ! se$s ( ,gorse ! alkaloid ,ulex9e1 :i* is id5tical ) ,cytis9e 7p4 #bg7 & t ! alkaloid is also conta9$ 9 less quantity 9 ! b>k ( "y %oots1 ?is plant has be5 suspect$ ( possess+ toxic prop]ties4 ,exp]im5ts 7#agi7g ) ! alkaloid def9itely %[$ x to be a n]ve & muscle poison1 #c milligrammes hav+ kill$ a *lor(orm$ cat ) convulsions 9 ?ree m9utes1 ?\gh ! animal c\ld be kept alive z long z artificial respiration 0 kept up4 ,z1 h[ev]1 ,gorse has long be5 us$ v widely & 9 consid]able quantities z a fodd] ! p]c5tage cont5t ( ! alkaloid mu/ 9 g5]al be exce$+ly small1 & no h>mful effects ne$ be fe>$ f ! consumption ( ! cut & bruis$ plant4 ,possibly ! se$s might prove injuri\s if eat5 9 quantity4 ,footnote #g3 ,ref]5ce to ,bibliography4 ,melilot 7,melilotus sp47 may at times cause injury4 ,ew>t 7#hb7 writes3 8,all ! species conta9 ,cum>91 a volatile odorif]\s pr9ciple1 :i* 9 excess produces a dis9cl9ation to locomotion1 p>alysis & ultimately fatal symptoms4 ,no h>m is to be appreh5d$ if ! am\nt pres5t does n exce$ #aj p] c5t4 ( ! h]bage40 ,silv] ,we$ 7,pot5tilla ,ans]9a ,l474 ,?is well-kn[n & elegant little we$ is sc>cely likely to be eat5 to any ext5t by f>m /ock1 ?\gh x may possibly be tak5 occasionally on roadsides4 ,x has n be5 prov$ to be poison\s1 b ,pott /ates t x has a /rongly con/ipat+ effect 7#bac74 ,torm5til 7,pot5tilla ,torm5tilla ,l474 ,9 relation to suppos$ brack5 poison+ 7see p4 #hg7 9 reg>d to :i* exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ by ! ,bo>d ( ,agriculture & ,fi%]ies1 ,torm5til occurr$ 9 sev]al in/ances ) ! brack5 9 localities :]e ?is plant 0 report$ to cause poison+4 ,two fe$+ exp]im5ts 9 :i* ! we$ 0 f$ to heif]s gave negative results4 ,9 a fur!r case1 h[ev]1 #d or #e lb4 7 collect$ f a field :]e sick animals 7 graz+1 & f$ to a heif]2 x appe>$ to be ! cause ( rise ( temp]ature 7to #ajf ,f471 di>rha1 & ! pass+ ( a consid]able quantity ( blood 9 ! fces = ?ree days1 aft] :i* ! animal improv$4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 slaught]$1 & lesions 7 f\nd simil> to ^? f\nd 9 animals dy+ 9 ! field f s-call$ brack5 poison+4 ,?\gh ! plant 0 suspect$1 results g5]ally 7 n held to prove t x 0 ! cause ( poison+ 7#be74 ,accord+ to ,van ,rijn ! root ( ,torm5til conta9s a consid]able quantity ( ,*9ovic acid 7,c#cb;,h#dh,o#f874 ,wall-,pepp] 7,s$um acre ,l47 is reg>d$ z emetic & purgative1 b to lose ! h>mful prop]ties on dry+4 ,sundews 7,dros]a sp47 are reput$ to be poison\s to %eep1 b no evid5ce has be5 f\nd4 ,:ite-,rot or ,m>% ,p5ny-,wort 7,hydrocotyle vulg>is ,l47 is /at$ to h caus$ inflammation ( ! dige/ive tract1 & hmaturia2 & to conta9 a toxic sub/ance ,vell>9 7#bac74 ,wild ,p>snip 7,pa/9aca sativa ,l474 ,?is plant has (t5 be5 suppos$ to be poison\s1 b ,pammel %[s t 9 ,i[a ! plant is q h>mless1 z x appe>s to be 9 ,brita94 ,devil's-,bit 7,scabiosa succisa ,l47 is /at$ by ,moir to h caus$ injury to cattle 9 "o in/ance 7,vet4 ,record1 #ahii71 caus+ salivation1 gritt+ ( ! tee?1 twit*+ ( facial muscles1 & slightly protrud$1 abrad$1 swoll5 & s5sitive tongue4 ,an exp]im5t on cattle %[$ ! plant to induce viol5t inflammation ( ! m\? & tongue4 ,all-,heal 7,val]iana (fic9alis ,l47 is n likely to be eat5 by /ock 9 suffici5t quantity to cause poison\s symptoms1 ?\gh x is /at$ to conta9 ! poison\s ,val]ianic acid & ,oil ( ,val]ian4 ,accord+ to ,*evali] 7vide ,h5ry7 ?is plant conta9s an alkaloid n yet fully *>act]is$4 ,canadian ,erig]on 7,erig]on canad5sis ,l471 sporadic 9 ,engl&1 is suspect$ 9 ,am]ica4 ,x conta9s an oil1 *iefly a t]p5e 7,c#aj;,h#af74 ,x has an acrid ta/e1 causes sm>t+ ( ! eyes1 sor5ess ( ?roat1 a*+ ( extremities1 & colic2 & irritation to p h&l+ x 7#bjc74 ,maywe$s 7,an!mis sp474 ,x is n at all cle> :e!r ^! plants are m ?an irritant 9 "*1 & !y are s v common & widely di/ribut$ t !re w\ld probably be m evid5ce if !y 7 poison\s4 ,a4 ,cotula is reg>d$ z suspect$ by ,smi? & ,hal/$1 :ile ,ew>t says t x is obnoxi\s to /ock on acc\nt ( its unpleasant flav\r1 & if eat5 by !m 9 "t ( sc>city is apt to give _! fle%1 milk1 or butt] an unpleasant flav\r4 ,gss[ /ates t ?is species bli/]s ! m\? & no/rils ( animals4 ,9 8 inve/igations at ,kew1 ,gre%(f f\nd t ! se$s ( ,a4 ,cotula & ,a4 arv5sis conta9 mu* hydrocyanic acid4 7,he fur!r f\nd t ! cyanog5etic glucoside f ,a4 aetn5sis ,s*\w4 & ,a4 *ia ,l4 belongs to ! amygdal9 type1 giv+ (f hydrocyanic acid & b5zaldehyde on hydrolysis4 8,! /rong od\r ( b5zaldehyde may ev5 be obs]v$ on gr9d+ ! se$s ) wat]4 ,species ( ,an!mis conta9$ f #jae d[n to #jjc p] c5t4 ( hydrocyanic acid407 ,cat's-,e> 7,hypo*ris radicata ,l474 ,no record ( poison+ ( ,cat's ,e> has be5 f\nd1 b x may be m5tion$ "h1 s9ce ,ew>t says ( x3 8,x conta9s a bitt]1 milky sap1 :i* makes x unpalatable ?\gh n entirely poison\s4444 ,an exclusive diet ( ?is we$ c\ld n help b injure /ock ev5tually40 ,dodd]s 7,cuscuta sp471 :5 p>asitic on clov]s & f$ z fodd] or hay1 h be5 suspect$ ( caus+ dige/ive tr\bles 9 horses & cattle 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,mll] records a case ( poison+ ( "y pigs by ,c4 europa1 ) inflammation ( ! inte/9es & n]v\s symptoms4 ,b>bey det]m9$ ! pres5ce ( ! glucoside ,cuscut9 9 ,c4 ,epi?ymum4 ,vip]'s ,bugloss 7,e*ium vulg>e ,l47 is suspect$ ( be+ poison\s2 accord+ to ,fri$b]g] & ,frhn] x causes slav]+ 7see also ,cynoglossum74 ,h\nd's ,tongue 7,cynoglossum (fic9ale ,l474 ,to :at ext5t ?is plant is actually poison\s is n cle>1 b ) "s o!r memb]s ( ! ord] 7,e*ium vulg>e1 ,an*usa (fic9alis71 x conta9s ! two alkaloids ,consolid9e & ,cynogloss9e--! =m] ( :i* p>alyses ! c5tral n]v\s sy/em & ! latt] ! p]iph]al n]ves4 7,greim]1 #aijj3 vide ,h5ry74 ,accord+ to ,hook]1 ,h\nd's ,tongue is n>cotic & a/r+5t1 & ,smi? includes x z a simple vegetable irritant1 caus+ nausea & purg+4 ,no records ( actual poison+ ( animals h be5 f\nd4 ,broom-rape 7,oroban*e m9or ,sutt47 has be5 suspect$1 & accord+ to ,boitel is liable to cause viol5t colic :5 x occurs 9 consid]able proportion 9 clov] & is +e/$ ) x 7#gc74 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 a case not$ by ,/apl$on1 9 :i* ,broom-rape 7,o4 m9or7 _h completely ov]run ! aft]ma? on a f>m ne> ,fi%gu>d1 two-ye>-old cattle dev\r$ ! plant ) app>5t reli% & cle>$ (f mo/ ( x 9 a few days aft] be+ turn$ 94 ,! f>m] /at$ t he saw no trace ( colic or o!r ill effects4 7,j\r4 ,bd4 ,agric41 ,septemb]1 #aiaf47 ,great ,mulle9 7,v]bascum ,?apsus ,l474 ,?\gh x does n appe> to be t\*$ by f>m live-/ock ! ,great ,mulle9 mu/ be m5tion$ "h4 ,! leaves & fl[]s h be5 us$ m$ic9ally z an emolli5t & pectoral1 :ile ! se$s possess n>cotic prop]ties & s]ve to /upefy fi% 7#gc74 ,pammel /ates t ! plant causes irritation1 b is probably n v poison\s to /ock4 ,toadflax 7,l9>ia vulg>is ,mill474 ,cornev9 describes ,toadflax z acrid & poison\s1 b says t /ock reject x1 & he c\ld record no accid5ts to animals4 ,9 8 full & excell5t acc\nt ( ?is we$1 ,kraus says x is reg>d$ z poison\s1 or suspect$ ( be+ s1 b t accord+ to mo/ acc\nts x is n h>mful to cattle 7#afh74 ,leunis reg>ds x z suspici\s on acc\nt ( its acridity4 ,"s ,g]man au?orities say x is will+ly eat5 by cattle1 b x is g5]ally believ$ to be avoid$1 & ow+ to its disagreeable od\r & acrid ta/e ?is view is probably correct4 ,! plant has n be5 exhau/ively /udi$1 & :ile ,smi? gives ! toxic pr9ciple z ,oil ( ,snapdragon & ! res9 ,gratiol91 x may be obs]v$ t ,toadflax conta9s ! glucoside ,l9>9 7,c#fd;,h#ef,o#dj74 ,figworts 7,scrophul>ia nodosa ,l4 & ,s4 aquatica ,l474 ,^! plants are n likely to be eat5 by animals1 b ,cornev9 /ates t ! =m] is /rongly emetic & purgative1 & t 9 excess x may cause sup]purgation end+ 9 dea?4 ,mll] says t ! two species h respectively caus$ poison\s symptoms 9 a c[ & a %eep2 9 ! case ( ! c[ !re 7 loss ( appetite & symptoms ( p>alysis4 ,f ,s4 nodosa ,walz extract$ a bitt]1 cry/all9e sub/ance1 ,scrophul>9e4 ,yell[ ,rattle 7,rh9an?us ,cri/a-galli ,l474 ,:5 grass l& is put "u ! pl\gh ,yell[ ,rattle pres5t may re-appe> 9 a c]eal crop z a semi-p>asite1 & its se$s may lat] be gr\nd up ) ! gra91 imp>t+ a r$di% or violet-br[n col\r & an unpleasant ta/e to ! fl\r & ev5 bread made f x4 ,x is /rongly suspect$ ( be+ poison\s1 l ,p$icul>is & ,melampyrum1 b x is by no means cle> h[ f> x may prove h>mful to /ock4 ,x is believ$ by "s p to imp>t a bad ta/e to ! butt] made f ! milk ( c[s graz+ on infe/$ pa/ures4 ,lehmann ate )\t h>m #ce grammes 7ab\t #a oz47 ( ! se$s made into a cake & cook$2 & dur+ f\r days he gave a rabbit #abch grammes 7#bg lb47 ( ! fre% plant ) half-ripe se$s1 )\t app>5t injury 7#gc74 ,9 "s poor pa/ures x occurs 9 excessive quantity1 & w\ld appe> to be only v slightly poison\s1 or w\ld h attract$ wid] att5tion4 ,x is possibly only poison\s aft] be+ eat5 = a prolong$ p]iod1 z 9 ! case ( ,lolium temul5tum1 & ,la?yrus sativus4 ,! se$s conta9 ! bitt]-sweet glucoside ,rh9an?9 7,c#bi;,h#eb,o#bj71 :i* is suspect$ ( hav+ poison\s prop]ties4 ,c[-,:eat 7,melampyrum arv5se ,l474 ,x seems cle> t ,c[-,:eat is at lea/ n poison\s unless eat5 9 v consid]able quantities--am\nts 9 fact :i* 9 practice are mo/ unlikely to be eat54 ,! se$s may occur 9 c]eal gra9s1 & h5ce be gr\nd up into meal4 ,z !y are said to conta9 a glucoside analog\s to ,rh9an?91 h a bitt] ta/e & peculi> od\r1 & imp>t a violet coloration to fl\r1 _! pres5ce 9 cornfields is mo/ undesirable4 ,accord+ to ,pammel ?is plant induces sleep9ess & colic4 ,gr\nd ,ivy 7,nepeta ,gle*oma ,b5?47 is1 accord+ to ,s*affn]1 poison\s to horses4 ,x conta9s a volatile oil & bitt] pr9ciple1 z also does ,catm9t 7,n4 ,cat>ia74 ,9 a case :i* came be=e ! ,bo>d ( ,agriculture & ,fi%]ies 9 #aijf ?ree horses became ill ) symptoms ( poison+1 & ! only we$ f\nd 9 ! luc]ne !y 7 gett+ 0 ,gr\nd ,ivy1 & ?is 0 suspect$ b n prov$ to be ! cause4 ,9 a fur!r case1 report$ 9 #aiji1 elev5 horses 7 believ$ to h be5 poison$ by ?is we$1 & 9 "o ( ! dead horses sc>cely any food b ,gr\nd ,ivy 0 f\nd1 & to x ! vet]9>y surgeon 9 att5dance attribut$ dea?4 ,dur+ prec$+ ye>s sev]al horses _h di$ 9 ! locality 7,ely71 ow+1 x 0 believ$1 to poison+ by ! same we$4 ,! losses1 h[ev]1 7 n prov$ to be due to ?is plant4 ,9 ! ,vet]9>y ,j\rnal 7,octob]1 #aiad1 p4 #eae7 poison+ ( horses by ?is we$ 0 not$ 7aft] ,f]5czhazsy 9 ! ,recueil de ,mdec9e ,vtr9aire74 ,! au?or obs]v$ n9e cases ( intoxication due to ! we$1 ?\gh x is /at$ t x 8has occasion$ no tr\ble 9 cattle & %eep t consum$ x40 ,! symptoms 9 horses 7 8anxi\s look1 dyspna1 salivation1 sweat+1 dilatation ( ! pupils1 cyanosis1 signs ( pulmon>y dema40 ,two horses di$4 ,9 #aiac simil> cases 7 obs]v$ by o!r own]s1 & t]m9at$ fatally4 ,hook] /ates t ,n4 ,gle*oma is 8bitt] & aromatic1 =m]ly us$ = be]1 occasionally = tea40 ,ora*e 7,atriplex sp474 ,s f> z kn[n ^! plants are n poison\s1 b x may be /at$ t ,gre%(f f\nd ! se$s ( five species1 & ! leaves ( two species1 to conta9 a ,sapon94 ,nettles 7,urtica sp474 ,nettles are n g5]ally reg>d$ z poison\s o!rwise ?an z caus+ pa9ful nettle ra% on ! b>e sk91 b ,urtica dioica ,l4 is /at$ to h caus$ ! dea? ( dogs 7,b]l9] ,ti]rztli*e ,wo*5s*rift1 #aiji74 ,yell[ ,flag 7,iris ,pseud-acorus ,l474 ,! wild ,flag 0 not$ by ,l9nu z dang]\s to cattle1 b no case ( actual poison+ has be5 f\nd 9 ! lit]ature4 ,! plant is /at$ to h m>k$ emetic & purgative prop]ties1 & ,cornev9 rem>ks t 9 ,belgium int5se ga/ro-ent]itis is attribut$ to x4 ,x conta9s ! glucoside ,irid9 7,c#bd;,h#bf,o#ac74 ,n>cissus sp4 ,v>i\s ,n>cissi 7e4g4 ,n4 pseudo-n>cissus1 ,n4 poeticus1 & o!rs7 h be5 reg>d$ z irritant to ! h&s4 ,!y w\ld r>ely if ev] be eat5 by live-/ock 9 ,brita91 b x is /at$ t on ! ,cont95t _m poison+s ( cattle1 goats1 & pigs h be5 record$1 n infrequ5tly end+ 9 dea? aft] two or ?ree days4 ,! ,n>cissi are /rongly n>cotic1 emetic1 & purgative1 & cause dilat$ pupils4 ,pott /ates t !y cause inflammation ( ! dige/ive tract1 & convulsions1 sometimes ) fatal results2 & accord+ to ,pammel ,n4 poeticus induces int5se ga/ro-ent]itis4 ,n4 pseudo-n>cissus conta9s ! alkaloid ,n>ciss9e 7,c#af;,h#ag,o#d,n71 :i* ) cats causes nausea & purgation 7,h5ry74 ,common ,fritill>y 7,fritill>ia ,meleagris ,l474 ,! ,fritill>y or ,snake's ,head occurs only 9 a few places 9 ,engl&1 & truly wild p]haps only r>ely 9 s\!rn & ea/]n c\nties--n 9 ,scotl& or ,irel&4 ,no def9ite case ( poison+ has be5 f\nd 9 ! lit]ature1 b ! plant is /at$ to be poison\s4 ,x conta9s ! bitt] alkaloid ,imp]ial9e 7,c#ce;,h#fj,,no#d71 :i* is a he>t poison4 ,bog ,asphodel 7,n>!cium ossifragum ,huds47 has by "s be5 reg>d$ z a poison\s plant1 & ,mll] says t ! poison+ ( c[s has be5 record$1 & also t a cat di$ aft] dr9k+ ! milk ( an affect$ c[4 ,! toxic prop]ty is believ$ to be ! glucoside ,n>!c94 ,mol9ia ca]ulea1 ,mo5*4 ,a %ort acc\nt by ,pott %[s t :5 =m+ ! pr9cipal "p ( moorl& pa/ure grasses1 & h5ce ext5sively eat51 ?is grass causes brittl5ess ( ! bones ( /ock1 & 9 %eep *lorosis & wool eat+4 ,x also induces hmaturia1 b if free f p>asitic fungi 7e4g4 ,claviceps microcephala7 & n cov]$ ) microscopic1 %>p cry/als1 is q h>mless if only eat5 z a second>y or incid5tal fodd]4 ,?is grass seems to be v poor 9 lime 7,imm5dorf1 #ahih71 & ,s*ulze & ,ca/oro f\nd ! int]nodes ( ! /em to conta9 a consid]able quantity ( a p5tosan 7,xylan74 ,x is poor 9 nutritive con/itu5ts4 ,! h>m done is due p]haps 9 "p to ?is fact1 & 9 "p to m or less accid5tal or occasional con/itu5ts 7z #jjdf p] c5t4 ( lead oxide 9 a case ( ! v>4 altissima ne> "s lead works74 ,plants said to be occasionally simil>ly h>mful are ,juncus sp41 ,nepeta ,gle*oma1 & ,hi]acium ,pilosella4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,effects ,,( ,,plants ,,on ,,milk4 ,a numb] ( poison\s plants h a consid]able influ5ce on ! milk yield ( animals :i* eat !m1 r$uc+ x 9 volume or 9 fat cont5t1 or imp>t+ to x an unpleasant flav\r :i* r5d]s x unfit = human consumption1 & ev5 affect+ ! butt] made f x4 ,o!r plants n actually poison\s also affect milk by 8ta9t+0 x1 & mu/ !re=e be consid]$ h>mful o!rwise ?an z m]e we$s4 ,/ill o!rs affect milk by caus+ x to be /a9$ ) blood1 & 9 "s cases ! toxic pr9ciple ( ! plant conc]n$ is ev5 /at$ to h r5d]$ ! milk poison\s4 ,x w be useful to give "h a brief acc\nt ( milk-affect+ plants1 ?\gh x is probable t !re may be o!rs :i* are n m5tion$4 ,! plants be/ kn[n 9 ?is connection are ! ,g>lics 7,allium ol]aceum ,l41 ,a4 urs9um ,l41 ,a4 v9eale ,l41 & o!rs71 :i* imp>t to milk a /rong 8oniony0 flav\r4 ,^! plants also s]i\sly affect ! fle% ( animals :i* eat !m1 ev5 r5d]+ x unfit = consumption4 ,a case came be=e ! au?or sev]al ye>s ago 9 :i* a consid]able numb] ( %eep _h eat5 a quantity ( ,allium urs9um1 :i* 0 gr[+ 9 a field 9 :i* !y _h be5 graz+ = "s days4 ,! meat 0 s /rongly ta9t$ t1 z ! own] 7a but*]7 /at$1 x 0 q unfit = sale4 ,! only ?+ to be done 0 to pa/ure ! %eep else:]e = a "t4 ,pott notes t species ( ,ranunculus give rise to r$di% or bitt] milk 7,mlk]eizeitung1 #ahig71 :ile ,cal?a palu/ris causes loss ( milk production 9 c[s4 ,ranunculus rep5s imp>ts a /rong unpleasant flav\r to ! milk ( c[s t h eat5 x1 & ! butt] made f su* milk is di/9ctly bitt] 9 ta/e 7,gss[74 ,ranunculus scel]atus causes a fall+-(f 9 milk-yield4 7,cornev947 ,alli>ia (fic9alis ,&rz1 imp>ts an oniony flav\r to milk4 ,a*illea ,millefolium ,l4 is /at$ to imp>t its bitt] ta/e & /rong od\r to dairy products :5 eat5 by c[s4 ,x conta9s an alkaloid1 ,a*ille9e 7,c#bj;,h#ch,o#ae,n#b7 hav+ a peculi> od\r & bitt] ta/e4 ,*rysan!mum ,leucan!mum has also be5 suspect$ ( imp>t+ a bad flav\r to butt]4 ,accord+ to ,pott ! milk ( c[s eat+ ,oxalis ,acetosella is ) difficulty conv]t$ into butt]4 ,! poison\s pr9ciple ( ,col*icum autumnale is /at$ to f9d its way into ! milk ( animals consum+ x1 & ,mll] /ates t ! milk ( goats :i* h eat5 x has caus$ ! poison+ ( infants4 ,mll] /ates t a cat di$ aft] dr9k+ ! milk ( a c[ suff]+ f poison+ by ,n>!cium ossifragum4 ,m]curialis annua is said to cause milk to be ?91 8blue10 & poor 9 fat2 :ile 9 a case already m5tion$ 7p4 #fh7 ,m4 p]5nis entirely /opp$ ! secretion ( milk4 ,accord+ to ,*esnut1 goats may eat quantities ( ,euphorbia ,la?yris1 & x is said t _! milk !n possesses ! poison\s prop]ties ( ! plants4 ,+e/ion ( o!r ,euphorbias appe>s to h ! same effect4 ,cornev9 rem>ks t ,melampyrum arv5se is consid]$ to influ5ce c[s to produce m milk4 ,accord+ to "s au?orities species ( ,equisetum *eck milk production or cause x to cease1 & ,e4 palu/re is /at$ by ,web] to cause ! milk ( affect$ c[s to become wat]y1 poor 9 fat1 & give rise to a greasy & unappetis+ butt]1 :ile ! yield may soon q fail4 ,! +e/ion ( ! foliage ( ! oak 7,qu]cus sp47 is /at$ by ,cornev9 to induce ,maladie des ,bois1 ) r$uction or entire loss ( milk production 7see p4 #fi74 ,acorns h also affect$ milk production1 & a case is record$ 7,! ,dairy1 #aiac7 9 :i* x is /at$ t *eese made f ! milk ( c[s :i* _h f$ on acorns develop$ a %>p acid flav\r :5 ab\t f\r weeks old1 ?\gh ! texture 0 good4 ,x is n cle>1 h[ev]1 h[ x 0 prov$ to be due to ! acorns4 ,9 "o case record$ a r$di% t+e 0 obs]v$ 9 ! milk ( a c[ suff]+ f ,rhodod5dron poison+ 7p4 #df71 & 9 g5]al r$uc$ milk production appe>s to occur4 ,9 addition to ! =ego+1 !re is good au?ority = say+ t ! foll[+ plants may imp>t a disagreeable flav\r to milk1 & 9 _m cases ! butt] made f x3-- ,an!mis arv5sis,l4 7,corn ,*amomile74 ,an!mis ,cotula,l4 7,/9k+ ,maywe$74 ,artemisia ,abs9?ium ,l4 7,wormwood74 ,conium maculatum ,l4 7,hemlock74 ,hyoscyamus nig] ,l4 7,h5bane74 ,matric>ia ,*amomilla ,l4 7,wild ,*amomile74 ,p+uicula vulg>is ,l4 7,butt]wort74 ,s5ebi]a didyma ,p]s4 7,less] ,w>tcress74 ,sium angu/ifolium ,l4 7,less] ,sium74 ,sium latifolium ,l4 7,wat] ,p>snip74 ,tanacetum vulg>e ,l4 7,tansy74 ,?laspi arv5se ,l4 7,p5ny ,cress74 7,see also ,index 8,milk1 plants affect+10 p4 #aag47 ,,plants ,,:i* ,,cause ,,me*anical ,,injury4 ,!re are a numb] ( plants :i*1 :ile n necess>ily physiological poisons1 may induce injuries ( a sev]e "* :5 tak5 by animals1 & by caus+ fe/]+ may br+ ab\t septic poison+4 ,= example ! %>p po9t$ fruits ( ,/ipa p9nata & ,n>dus /ricta may cause injury to ! sk9 & m\?1 pi]c+ ! palate & caus+ inflammation1 & :5 eat5 may ev5 p]=ate ! wall ( ! inte/9e & cause dea?2 & ! awn$ glumes ( species ( ,bromus or ! spikelets ( ,hordeum may injure ! gums1 caus+ inflammation1 ulc]ation1 sores1 ! =mation ( pus1 & loss ( tee?4 ,! ,bromus & ,hordeum1 also1 toge!r ) ov]-matur$ 8heads0 ( ,trifolium inc>natum1 may give rise to ,phytobezo>s or balls 9 ! /oma* ( horses & cattle 7#fj1 #aai74 ,! %>p po9t$ fruits ( ,erodium cicut>ium may cause local irritation by work+ into ! wool ( %eep4 ,aira caespitosa may also cause injury to ! m\? ( /ock4 ,a case is record$ 9 ,new ,s\? ,wales 9 :i* cattle & horses ate ,%eph]d's ,purse 7,capsella ,bursa-pa/oris74 ,! cattle 7 unaffect$1 b ! horses sc\r$1 ?\gh mo/ ( !m soon recov]$ :5 remov$ f ! cultivat$ paddock conta9+ ! we$4 ,two "y horses1 h[ev]1 %[$ signs ( colic1 became bloat$1 & di$4 ,x 0 !n f\nd t !y conta9$ balls ( fibr\s mat]ial 7"o weigh$ #a lb4 #i oz47 :i* consi/$ to ! ext5t ( ne>ly #ej p] c5t4 ( fibres f ,%eph]d's ,purse1 & dea? 0 due to simple me*anical ob/ruction ( ! b[el 7#aee74 ,*ickwe$ 7,/ell>ia m$ia7 has be5 f\nd to cause dige/ive disord] 9 lambs & %eep :5 eat5 9 l>ge quantities 7#dh71 & has caus$ ! dea? ( _m a lamb4 ,x w\ld appe> to be due entirely to ! =mation ( l>ge lumps ( ! we$ 9 ! /oma*1 & subsequ5t f]m5tation 7,f>m] & ,/ockbre$]1 ,m>4 #af1 #aijh74 ,accord+ to ,cornev91 ,black ,b9dwe$ 7,p4 ,convolvulus ,l47 may prove injuri\s1 ow+ to ! occurr5ce ( ! h>d1 trigon\s1 & po9t$ 8se$s0 9 c]eal gra9s4 ,galti] publi%$ facts :i* %[ t oats :i* conta9 too _m ( ! 8se$s0 may1 by prolong$ use1 occasion a m or less s]i\s ent]itis1 :i* is sometimes fatal1 p>ticul>ly :5 ! gra9 is f$ to gre$y horses :i* sc>cely gr9d _! food 7#gc74 ,! fruits or 8se$s0 ( ,knot-we$ 7,polygonum ,avicul>e ,l47 may simil>ly prove injuri\s1 & probably ! se$s ( o!r plants4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,classification ,,( ,,poisons4 ,! classification ( poison\s plants accord+ to _! effects is a some:at difficult process1 s9ce m ?an "o prom95t symptom may be produc$ by ! same plant4 ,two classifications1 h[ev]1 may be giv5 z examples1 ! fir/ t ( ,bly?1 & ! second t ( ,a4 ,b4 ,smi?4 ,^! mu/ be reg>d$ z ess5tially applicable to human be+s1 ?\gh s]v+ m or less z a guide 9 case ( poison+ ( f>m live-/ock4 ,bly?'s ,classification 7aft] ,pammel74 ,a4--,poisons caus+ dea? imm$iately or 9 a few m9utes3 ,prussic acid1 cyanides1 oxalic acid1 & occasionally /ry*n9e4 ,b4--,irritant ,poisons1 ) symptoms *iefly pa91 vomit+1 & purg+3 ,ergot1 digitalis1 col*icum1 yew1 laburnum4 ,c4--,irritant & ,n>cotic ,poisons1 ) symptoms ( an irritant nature1 ) m or less c]ebral indications3 ,oxalic acid or oxalates4 ,d4--,poisons m especially affect+ ! ,n]v\s ,sy/em3 #a4 ,,n>cotics4--,symptoms3 ins5sibility1 :i* may be prec$$ by m or less c]ebral excitem5t4 ,opium4 #b4 ,,deliriants4--,delirium1 = ! mo/ "p1 a prom95t symptom3 ,belladonna1 hyoscyamus1 /ramonium1 & o!r ,solanace1 ,lolium temul5tum1 ,o5an! crocata1 poison\s fungi4 #c4 ,,convulsives4--,almo/ e poison has be5 kn[n to produce convulsive effects1 b ! only true convulsive poisons are ! alkaloids ( ! /ry*n9e class4 #d4 ,,complex ,,n]v\s ,,ph5om5a4--,aconite1 digitalis4 ,a4 ,b]nh>d ,smi?'s ,classification4 ,a4--,poisons act+ on ! ,bra94 #a4 ,,n>cotics4--,symptoms3 ,gidd9ess2 dimness ( sight2 contract$ pupils2 heada*e2 noises 9 ! e>s2 confusion ( ideas1 & dr[s9ess1 pass+ into ins5sibility4 ,briti% ,plants includ$3 ,papav] somnif]um4 #b4 ,,deliriants4--,symptoms3 ,spectral illusions2 delirium2 dilat$ pupils2 ?ir/ & dryness ( ! m\?2 incoord9ation4 ,occasionally1 ?\gh r>ely1 !re are p>alysis & tetanoid spasms4 ,briti% ,plants includ$3 ,datura ,/ramonium1 ,hyoscyamus nig]1 ,solanum ,dulcam>a1 ,solanum nigrum1 ,atropa ,belladonna1 ,lolium temul5tum4 #c4 ,,inebriants4--,symptoms3 ,excitem5t ( c]ebral functions & ( ! circulation2 loss ( p[] ( coord9ation & ( muscul> movem5ts1 ) d\ble vision2 lead+ to pr(\nd sleep & deep coma4 ,briti% ,plants includ$3 ,p9us p9a/]1 ,p9us l>ix1 ,artemisia m>itima1 ,artemisia ,abs9?ium4 ,b4--,poisons act+ on ! ,sp9al ,cord4 ,,convulsives4--,symptoms3 ,clonic 7int]mitt5t7 spasms1 ext5d+ f above d[nw>ds4 ,opi/hotonos v viol5t2 b trismus 7lockjaw7 r>e4 ,swall[+ spasmodic4 ,dea?1 usually1 9 less ?an ?ree h\rs1 or rapid recov]y4 ,briti% ,plants includ$3 none4 ,c4--,poisons act+ on ! ,he>t4 #a4 ,,depressants4--,symptoms3 ,v]tigo2 vomit+2 abdom9al pa92 confus$ vision2 convulsions2 occasional delirium2 p>alysis2 syncope2 sometimes asphyxia4 ,briti% ,plants includ$3 ,conium maculatum1 ,cytisus ,scop>ius4 #b4 ,,a/h5ics4--,symptoms3 ,numbness1 & t+l+ 9 ! m\?2 abdom9al pa92 v]tigo2 vomit+2 purg+2 tremor2 occasional delirium2 p>alysis2 dyspna1 end+ 9 syncope4 ,briti% ,plants includ$3 ,prunus lauroc]asus1 7,phaseolus lunatus--import$ cattle food71 ,la?yrus aphaca1 ,rumex ,acetosa1 ,aconitum ,napellus1 ,actaea spicata1 ,delph9ium consolida1 ,digitalis purpurea1 ,convall>ia majalis1 ,col*icum autumnale4 ,d4--,vegetable ,irritants4 #a4 ,,purgatives4--,symptoms3 ,abdom9al pa92 vomit+ & purg+2 cramps2 /rangury & t5esmus1 foll[$ by collapse1 & sometimes accompani$ by dr[s9ess1 & slight n]v\s symptoms4 ,briti% ,plants includ$3 ,sambucus nigra1 ,sambucus ,ebulus1 ,helleborus viridis1 ,helleborus ftidus1 ,cal?a palu/ris1 ,l9um ca?>ticum4 #b4 ,,abortives4--,symptoms3 ,nausea2 vomit+2 /upor2 polyuria2 sometimes t5esmus4 ,abortion may or may n occur2 coma4 ,briti% ,plants includ$3 ,junip]us ,sab9a 7cultiv4 9 ,brita971 ,claviceps purpurea2 ,ruta graveol5s 7cultiv4 9 ,brita974 #c4 ,,irritants ,,) ,,n]v\s ,,symptoms4--,symptoms3 ,abdom9al pa92 vomit+ & purg+2 dilat$ pupils2 heada*e2 tetanic spasms2 occasional convulsions2 sometimes rapid coma4 ,briti% ,plants includ$3 ,o5an! crocata1 ,o5an! ,phell&rium1 ,o5an! fluviatilis1 ,cicuta virosa1 ,ae?usa ,cynapium1 ,sium angu/ifolium1 ,taxus baccata1 ,cytisus ,laburnum1 ,p>is quadrifolia1 ,m]curialis p]5nis4 #d4 ,,simple ,,irritants4--,symptoms3 ,burn+ pa9 9 ! ?roat & /oma*2 ?ir/2 nausea2 vomit+2 t5esmus2 purg+2 dysuria2 dyspna & c\gh occasionally4 ,dea? ?r\gh %ock2 convulsions2 exhau/ion2 or />vation due to injury to ?roat or /oma*4 ,briti% ,plants includ$3 ,arum maculatum1 ,daphne ,laureola1 ,daphne ,mez]eum1 ,n>cissus mos*atus1 ,n>cissus poeticus1 ,scilla bifolia1 ,galan?us nivalis1 ,hyac9?us nonscriptus1 ,fritill>ia meleagris1 ,clematis ,vitalba1 ,anemone nemorosa1 ,anemone app59a1 ,ranunculus aquatilis1 ,r4 ,flammula1 ,r4 ,fic>ia1 ,r4 auricomus1 ,r4 scel]atus1 ,r4 acris1 ,r4 bulbosus1 ,aquilegia vulg>is1 ,bryonia dioica1 ,ligu/rum vulg>e1 ,as>um europum1 ,sapon>ia (fic9alis1 ,val]iana (fic9alis1 ,agro/emma ,gi?ago1 ,doronicum ,p>dalian*es1 ,impati5s noli-me-tang]e1 ,erysimum *eiran?oides1 ,cynoglossum (fic9ale1 ,arcto/aphylos ,uva-ursi1 ,tamus communis1 ,euonymus europu1 ,rhamnus ca?>ticus1 ,glaucium luteum1 ,roem]ia hybrida1 ,papav] ,rhoeas1 ,*elidonium majus1 ,s$um acre1 ,s$um album1 ,dros]a rotundifolia1 ,l9>ia vulg>is1 ,iris ,pseud-acorus1 ,iris foetidissima1 ,buxus semp]vir5s1 ,crocus sativus1 ,euphorbia ,peplis1 ,e4 pilosa1 ,e4 ,helioscopia1 ,e4 platyphylla1 ,e4 hib]na1 ,e4 portl&ica1 ,e4 ,p>alias1 ,e4 ,peplus1 ,e4 exigua1 ,e4 ,la?yris1 ,e4 amygdaloides1 ,urtica dioica1 ,u4 ur5s1 ,u4 pilulif]a1 ,viscum album1 ,lepidium latifolium4 #e4 ,,simple ,,irritants ,,:5 ,,tak5 ,,9 ,,l>ge ,,quantities4--,symptoms3 ,burn+ pa9 9 ?roat & /oma*1 vomit+2 purg+2 difficulty 9 swall[+4 ,recov]y usual4 ,briti% ,plants includ$3 ,s9apis alba1 & ,s4 nigra4 ,,bibliography #a4 ,,ad]hold1 ,r4 b] das ,mutt]korn des ,getreides und se9e ,v]htung ,kais4 ,biol4 ,an/4 f4 ,l&4 und ,=/w41 ,flugblatt ,no4 #ba4 #b4 ,,agricultural ,,j\rnal1 ,union ( ,s4 ,africa1 ,july1 #aiac4 #c4 ,,agricultural ,,gazette ( ,new ,s4 ,wales1 ,oct4 #b1 #aiac4 #d4 ,,all5',s ,comm]cial ,organic ,analysis4 ,vols4 vi4 & vii1 #aiac4 #e4 ,,analy/1 ,augu/1 #aijf4 #f4 ,,armatage1 ,g4 ,! ,%eep ,doctor1 #ahie4 #g4 ,,atk9son1 ,v4 ,t4 ,action ( ,poisons4 ,special ,report1 ,diseases ( ,cattle & on ,cattle ,fe$+4 ,u4,s4 ,dept4 ,agric41 ,bur4 ,an4 ,ind41 #ahif4 #h4 ---- ,poisons & ,poison+4 ,special ,report1 ,diseases ( ,cattle1 rev4 by ,l4 ,pe>son4 ,u ,s4 ,dept4 ,agric41 ,bur4 ,an4 ,ind41 #aijh4 #i4 ,,auld1 ,s4 ,j4 ,m4 7,see ,,dun/an1 ,w4 ,r47 #aj4 ,,bailey1 ,f4 ,m4 ,we$s & ,suspect$ ,poison\s ,plants ( ,que5sl&1 #aijf4 #aa4 ---- & ,,gordon1 ,p4 ,r4 ,plants reput$ ,poison\s & ,injuri\s to ,/ock1 #ahhg4 #ab4 ,,bang1 ,b4 ,cases ( ,poison+ f ,rape-se$ ,cakes4 ,ugeskr4 ,l&m41 #ahig4 ,abs4 9 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,rec41 #i1 p4 #iid4 #ac4 ,,b>g]1 ,g41 & ,,c>r1 ,f4 ,h4 ,note on ,ergot-,alkaloids4 ,ph>4 ,j\r41 #bc1 p4 #beg4 #ad4 ,,baume1 ,m4 ,poison+ by ,o5an! crocata4 ,ar*iv1 des ,mal4 ,m5tales1 #ahha1 ,no4 #c4 ,abs4 9 ,ed4 ,vet4 ,rev41 #d1 p4 #gjd4 #ae4 ,,beck]1 ,t4 ,c4 7,see ,,wit?aus1 ,r4 ,a47 #af4 ,,beil/e91 ,f4 ,h&bu* d] ,organis*5 ,*emie4 #c ,bd4 ,hamburg & ,leipzig1 #ahig4 #ag4 ,,b5?am ,,& ,,hook]4 ,briti% ,flora1 #aijh4 #ah4 ,,b]ge1 ,,fr41 & ,,riecke1 ,v4 ,a4 ,giftpflanz5bu*1 #ahde4 #ai4 ,,b]l9] ,,ti],,rztli*e ,,wo*5s*rift4 ,v>4 issues4 #bj4 ,,bessey1 ,c4 ,e4 ,poison\s ,we$s4 ,rept4 ,nebraska ,agr4 ,exp4 ,/a41 #af1 pp4 #ad-fb4 #ba4 ,,blank9%ip1 ,j4 ,w4 ,! ,loco & o!r ,poison\s ,plants 9 ,montana4 ,agric4 ,coll4 ,exp4 ,/a41 ,montana1 ,bul4 #de1 #aijc4 #bb4 ,,bly?1 ,a4 ,w4 ,poisons3 ,_! ,effects & ,detection4 #d? ,ed41 #aijf4 #bc4 ---- ,old & ,mod]n ,poison ,lore1 #ahhd4 #bd4 ---- & ,,bly?1 ,m4 ,w4 ,poisons4 ,rev4 ,edn41 #aijf4 #be4 ,,bo>d ,,( ,,agric4 ,,& ,,fi%]ies4 ,ann4 ,rept4 ,proc4 ,dis4 ,anim4 ,acts = #aiaj 7,cd4 #efjf1 #aiaa74 #bf4 ---- ,leaflet1 ,no4 #ac4 ,acorn ,poison+4 #bg4 ---- ,no4 #bbb4 ,mead[ ,saffron4 #bh4 ---- ,no4 #bea4 ,"s ,common ,we$s 7,corn ,cockle74 #bi4 ---- ,no4 #bia4 ,food ,value ( ,acorns1 ,horse-,*e/nuts & ,bee* ,ma/4 #cj4 ,,boeck1 ,h4 ,,von4 7,see ,b,,hm1 ,r47 #ca4 ,,boehm4 ,cicutox94 ,ar*iv4 f4 exp4 ,pa?4 u4 ,ph>makol41 #e1 #bgi-caj4 #cb4 ,b,,hm1 ,r41 ,,naunyn1 ,b41 & ,,boeck1 ,h4 ,,von4 ,h&bu* d] ,intoxication54 ,ed4 #ae ( ! ,g]man ,ed4 ( ,ziemss5's ,cyclop4 #cc4 ,,br&t1 ,j4 ,f41 & ,,ratzeburg1 ,j4 ,f4 ,c4 ,deuts*l&s phan4 ,giftgew*se 9 ,abbildung5 u4 ,bes*reibung51 #ahch4 #cd4 ,,breteau4 7,see ,,caz5euve47 #ce4 ,,briti% ,,ph>maceutical ,,codex1 quot$ 9 ,ph>m4 ,j\r41 ,aug4 #bi1 #aiaa4 #cf4 ,,br,,hl1 ,j4 ,w41 9 col4 ) ,e4 ,,hjelt & ,o4 ,,as*an4 ,die ,pflanz5 ,alkaloide4 ,brauns*weig1 #aijj4 #cg4 ,,br,,nni*1 ,j4 ,c4 ,hydrocyanic ,acid 9 ,fodd] ,plants4 ,j\r4 ,*em4 ,soc41 #aijc1 #ghh-gif4 #ch4 ,,bullet9 ,,( ,,! ,,imp]ial ,,in/itute1 #aijc1 #aije1 #aijf4 #ci4 ---- #aiaa1 7,datura1 ,hyoscyamus74 #dj4 ,,bull4 ,,agric4 ,,intellig5ce ,,& ,,plant ,,diseases4 ,int]4 ,in/it4 ,agric4 ,aug4-,oct41 #aiaa1 p4 #bjii 7,solanum ,dulcam>a74 #da4 ,,bulli>d1 ,p4 ,hi/oire des ,plantes vnneuses et suspectes de la ,france1 #agih1 ,ed4 #b4 #db4 ,,calls51 ,j4 ,ueb] die ,alkaloide d] ,sam5 von ,lup9us angu/ifolius und von ,lup9us p]5nis1 v>4 polyphyllus4 ,ar*iv4 d] ,ph>41 #bcg1 #eff-eie4 #dc4 ,,canadian ,,dept4 ,,agric41 ,,ottawa4 ,f>m ,we$s ( ,canada4 #bnd ,ed41 #aiji4 #dd4 ,,c>r1 ,f4 ,h4 7,see ,,b>g]1 ,g47 #de4 ,,c>ru!rs1 ,,wm4 ,ae?usa ,cynapium4 ,j\r4 ,roy4 ,agric4 ,soc41 ,engl&1 #fc3bhj4 #df4 ---- ,ly*nis ,gi?ago4 ,id41 #fc3bgi4 #dg4 ---- ,ranunculus bulbosus4 ,id41 #fc3bgi4 #dh4 ---- ,/ell>ia m$ia3 ,is x ,poison\s8 ,id41 #fd3cjh4 #di4 ---- & ,o!rs4 ,yew ,poison+4 ,id41 ,s]4 iii1 #c3fih4 #ej4 ,,caz5euve1 ,p41 & ,,breteau1 ,p4 ,sur la ,solan9e4 ,compt4 ,r5d41 tome #abh1 #ahii1 p4 #hhg4 #ea4 ,,*emi/ ,,& ,,druggi/4 ,v>4 issues4 #eb4 ,,*esnut1 ,v4 ,k4 ,pr9cipal ,poison\s ,plants ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,u4,s4 ,dept4 ,agric41 ,div4 ,bot41 ,bull4 #bj1 #ahih4 #ec4 ---- ,?irty ,poison\s ,plants ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,u4,s4 ,dept4 ,agric4 ,f>m]s' ,bull4 #hf1 #ahih4 #ed4 ---- ,prelim9>y ,catalogue ( ,plants ,poison\s to ,/ock4 ,ann4 ,rept4 ,bur4 ,an4 ,ind41 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ,agr41 #ae3 #chg-dbj4 #ee4 ---- ,"s ,common ,poison\s ,plants4 ,ye> ,book1 ,u4,s4 ,dept4 ,agr41 #ahif4 #ef4 ---- ,"s ,poison\s ,plants ( ,nor!rn ,/ock ,ranges4 ,id41 #aijj4 #eg4 ---- & ,,wilcox1 ,e4 ,v4 ,/ock ,poison+ ,plants ( ,montana4 ,u4,s4 ,dept4 ,agr41 ,div4 ,bot4 ,bull4 #bf1 #aija4 #eh4 ,,coale1 ,r4 ,d4 7,see ,,rems51 ,i47 #ei4 ,,coll91 ,,eug4 ,trait de ,toxicologie vgtale1 #aijg4 #fj4 ,,colville1 ,f4 ,v4 ,crimson ,clov] ,hair ,balls4 ,cire4 ,u4,s4 ,dept4 ,agr41 ,div4 ,bot41 #h3d4 #fa4 ,,comptes ,,r5dus4 ,no4 #adg1 #aijf2 #aej1 #aiaj2 c4 #fb4 ,,cooke1 ,m4 ,c4 ,sev5 ,si/]s ( ,sleep4 ,london1 #ahfj4 #fc4 ,,cornev91 ,,*4 ,des ,plantes ,vnneuses1 #ahhg4 #fd4 ---- ,sur l'empoisonnem5t p> quelques espces de ,cytisus4 ,compt4 ,r5d41 #ahhf4 #fe4 ,,cu%ny1 ,a4 ,r4 ,ph>macology1 #ahih4 #ff4 ---- ,ueb] das ,ric9usgift3 ,ar*4 f4 exp]4 ,pa?4 u4 ,ph>m41 #ahih4 #fg4 ,,czapek1 ,f4 ,bio*emie d] ,pflanz51 #aije4 #fh4 ,,daily ,,mirror1 ,dec4 #ac1 #aiaj 7,hyoscyamus poison+74 #fi4 ,,die ,,futt]mittel ,,des ,,h&els1 #aijf4 #gj4 ,,die ,,l&wirts*aftli*e ,,v]su*s-,,/ation51 ,,lxxxii1 #a & #b1 p4 #ic4 #ga4 ,,dietri*1 ,d4 ,n4 ,f4 ,deuts*l&s ,giftpflanz51 #ahbf4 #gc4 ,,dixon1 ,w4 ,e4 ,manual ( ,ph>macology4 #d? ,ed41 #aiae4 #gd4 ,,doeltz1 ,j4 ,c4 ,neue ,v]su*e und ,erfahrung d] e9ige ,pflanz5gifte1 #ahib4 #ge4 ,,du*esne1 ,e4 ,a4 ,rp]toire des ,plantes ,utiles et des ,plantes ,vnneuses du ,globe4 ,brussels1 #ahdf4 #gf4 ,,dun/an1 ,w4 ,r4 ,glucosides1 #aiac4 #gg4 ---- ,,h5ry1 ,t4 ,a41 & ,,auld1 ,s4 ,j4 ,m4 ,cyanog5esis 9 ,plants1 ,proc4 ,roy4 ,soc41 ,vol4 #gb1 #aijc2 ,b4 ,vol4 #gi1 #aijf2 ,b4 ,vol4 #gi1 #aijg4 #gh4 ---- & ,,umney1 ,c4 ,i1 ,contributions to ,our ,k ( ! ,aconite ,alkaloids2 ,,ii1 ,! ,alkaloids ( ! true ,aconitum ,napellus2 ,,iii1 ,=mation & ,prop]ties ( ,acon9e & its ,conv]sion into ,aconit9e4 ,j\r4 ,*em4 ,soc41 #ahib4 #gi4 ,,ed51 ,r4 ,t4 ,digitalis & its ,cumulative ,action4 ,!r4 ,gaz41 #f3hi4 #hj4 ,,erdmann1 ,k4 ,g4 ,sammlung und ,bes*reibung d] ,giftpflanz54 ,dresd51 #agig4 #ha4 ,,ess]1 ,p4 ,die ,giftpflanz5 ,deuts*l&s1 #aiaj4 #hb4 ,,ew>t1 ,j4 ,we$s1 ,poison ,plants & ,naturaliz$ ,ali5s ( ,victoria1 #aiji4 #hc4 ,,falck1 ,f4 ,a4 ,lehrbu* d] praktis*5 ,toxikologie1 #ahhj4 #hd4 ,,field1 ,,!4 ,v>4 issues4 #he4 ,,fl,,ckig]1 ,f4 ,a4 ,ph>makognosie d] ,pflanz5rei*e1 #ahha-b4 #hf4 ---- & ,,hanbury1 ,d4 ,ph>macographia1 #ahgi4 #hg4 ,,fri$b]g]1 ,f41 & ,,fr,,hn]1 ,e4 ,vet]9>y ,pa?ology4 ,ed4 #f4 #a3gca2 #b3gjb4 #hh4 ,,fr,,hn]1 ,,eug54 ,lehrbu* d] ,toxicologie fr ,ti]rzte1 #aiaj4 #hi4 ---- 7,see ,,fri$b]g]1 ,f47 #ij4 ,,g>d5]',s ,,*ronicle4 ,v>4 issues4 #ia4 ,,gilman1 ,j4 ,f4 ,conium maculatum4 ,j\r4 belge d'homoeopa?ie1 #ahii4 #ib4 ,,gimlette1 ,j4 ,d4 ,on ,datura ,poison+4 ,brit4 ,m$4 ,j\r41 #aijc4 #ic4 ,,glov]1 ,g4 ,h4 ,l>kspur & ,o!r ,poison\s ,plants4 ,agric4 ,exp4 ,/a41 ,colorado1 ,bull4 #aac1 #aijf4 #id4 ---- ,poison\s ,we$s4 ,agr4 ,exp4 ,/a41 ,colorado1 ,bull4 #acg1 #aiji4 #ie4 ,,gmel91 ,j4 ,f4 ,abh&lung von d5 giftig5 ,gew*s51 #agge4 #if4 ---- ,allgeme9e ,ges*i*te d] ,pflanz5gifte1 #agge4 #ig4 ,,godet1 ,c4 ,les ,plantes vnneuses du ,canton de ,neu*tel1 #ahfd4 #ih4 ,,goepp]t1 ,h4 ,r4 ,ueb] die giftige ,pflanz5 ,s*lesi5s1 #ahcb4 #ii4 ,,gordon1 ,p4 ,r4 7,see ,,bailey1 ,f4 ,m47 #ajj4 ,,gr&eau1 ,l4 ,poison+ ( ,cattle by ,yew ,tree ,leaves4 ,j\r4 d',agric4 ,prat4 i1 #bbi-bcj1 #ahid4 #aja4 ,,gre%(f1 ,m4 ,phyto*emical ,inve/igations at ,kew4 ,bull4 ,misc4 ,in=4 ,roy4 ,bot4 ,g>d5s1 ,kew1 ,no4 #aj1 #aiji4 #ajb4 ---- ,di/ribution ( ,prussic ,acid 9 ! ,vegetable ,k+dom4 ,rept4 ,colonial ,museum ,ha>lem1 ,holl&1 #aijf4 #ajc4 ,,gressl]1 ,f4 ,g4 ,l4 ,deuts*l&s ,giftpflanz51 #ahig4 #ajd4 ,,gr,,nlund1 ,,*r4 ,danske ,giftplant]4 ,cop5hag51 #ahgd4 #aje4 ,,gu>dia1 ,j4 ,poison\s ,plants & _! ,poisons4 ,bull4 ,ph>m41 #ahic4 #ajf4 ,,gu]91 ,p4 ,! ,probable ,cause ( ! ,poison\s ,effect ( ! ,d>nel1 ,lolium temul5tum4 ,bot4 ,gaz4 #bh4 #ajg4 ,,guign>d1 ,l4 ,le h>icot acide cyanhydrique 7,phaseolus lunatus74 ,rev4 ,vit41 #aijf4 #ajh4 ---- ,re*]*es physiologiques sur la greffe des plantes acide cyanhydrique4 ,ann4 sc4 ,nat41 s]4 #i1 ,bot4 #f1 #bfa-cje4 #aji4 ---- ,a ,/udy ( ,beans yield+ ,hydrocyanic ,acid4 ,rev4 ,vit41 #bf4 #aaj4 ---- ,sur la greffe des plantes acide cyanhydrique4 ,compt4 ,r5d4 ,acad4 ,sc4 ,p>is1 #aijg4 #aaa4 ,g,,ss[1 ,h4 ,t4 ,canad4 ,ex4 ,f>ms ,rept4 #aiab 7,equisetum arv5se74 #aab4 ---- ,cattle ,poison+ by ,plants4 ,f>m] & ,/ockbre$] ,ye> ,book4 #aijg4 #aac4 ---- ,injuri\s ,fodd] & ,poison\s ,plants4 ,j\r4 ,roy4 ,agric4 ,soc41 ,engl&1 #aijg4 #aad4 ,,haas1 ,p41 & ,,hill1 ,t4 ,g4 ,! ,*emi/ry ( ,plant ,products1 #aiac4 #aae4 ,,hal5ke1 ,a41 & ,,kl+1 ,m4 ,l&w4 ,v]su*s4-,/at41 vol4 #fd4 #aaf4 ,,halle1 ,j4 ,s4 ,die deuts*e ,giftpflanz51 ,b]l91 #aghd-agie4 #aag4 ,,hal/$1 ,b4 ,d4 ,! ,poison\s ,plants ( ,new ,j]sey4 ,rept4 ,bot4 ,dept41 ,n4 ,j4 ,agr4 ,coll4 ,exp4 ,/a41 #ahid 7#ahie71 pp4 #dja-ai4 #aah4 ,,hanbury1 ,d4 7,see ,,fl,,ckig]1 ,f4 ,a47 #aai4 ,,h>%b]g]1 ,j4 ,w4 ,a ,review ( our ,k ( ,phytobezo>s4 ,j\r4 ,com4 ,m$4 ,vet4 ,ar*41 #ai3 #adc4 #abj4 ,,h>tman1 ,g4 ,me*anis*e ,v]giftung54 ,b]l91 #ahif4 #aba4 ,,h>ley1 ,j4 ,ae?usa ,cynapium1 ,/ ,?omas' ,hospital ,reports1 n4s4 #ahgc4 #abb4 ,,heb]t1 ,a4 ,re*]*es sur la prs5ce de l'acide cyanhydrique *ez div]ses plantes4 ,bull4 de la ,soc4 *im4 de ,p>is1 #ahif4 #abc4 ,,h$rick1 ,u4 ,p4 ,cicuta1 a ,plant t ,poisons ,cattle4 ,bull4 ,oreg4 ,agr4 ,exp4 ,/a41 #df3 #ab4 #abd4 ,,he91 ,,he9ri*4 ,deuts*l&s ,giftpflanz54 ,hamburg4 #ahhj4 #abe4 ,,h5drick1 ,j4 ,poison\s ,beans4 ,trans4 ,highl& & ,agric4 ,soc41 #aijg4 #abf4 ,,h5kel1 ,,alice4 ,we$s ,us$ 9 ,m$ic9e4 ,u4,s4 ,dept4 ,agric4 ,f>m]s' ,bull4 #ahh1 #aijd4 #abg4 ,,h5ry1 ,t4 ,a4 7,see ,,dun/an1 ,w4 ,r47 #abh4 ---- ,! ,plants ,alkaloids1 #aiac4 #abi4 ---- ,on ! ,occurr5ce ( ,prussic ,acid & its ,d]ivatives 9 ,plants4 ,sci4 ,progress1 ,no4 #a1 ,july1 #aijf4 #acj4 ,,h5sl[1 ,,rev4 ,g4 ,poison\s ,plants 9 ,field & ,g>d51 #aija4 #aca4 ---- ,! ,uses ( ,briti% ,plants trac$ f ,antiquity to ! ,pres5t ,day1 #aije4 #acb4 ,,h]issey1 ,h4 ,ueb] das ,prulauroc]as94 ,ar*4 d] ,ph>41 #bde3dfc-dfi4 #acc4 ,,hilg]1 ,a4 7,see ,,huseman1 ,a47 #acd4 ,,hill1 ,t4 ,g4 7,see ,,haas1 ,p47 #ace4 ,,huseman1 ,a41 ,,hilg]1 ,a41 & ,,huseman1 ,,?4 ,die ,pflanz5/(fe 9 *emis*]1 physiologis*] und toxicologis*] ,h9si*t4 ,b]l91 #ahhc4 #acf4 ,,index ,,phyto*emicus4 ,i4 ,c4 ,ritsema ,sack1 ,am/]dam1 #aije4 #acg4 ,,jackson1 ,j4 ,r4 ,poison\s ,indian ,peas4 ,ph>4 ,j\r41 #gf3eba-bb4 #ach4 ,,jahresb]i*t 4 d4 ,=ts*ritte auf dem ,gesamtgebiete d] ,agrikultur-,*emie1 #cte ,folge1 ,,xiv1 #aiaa 7#aiab74 #aci4 ,,johnson1 ,,*4 ,briti% ,poison\s ,plants4 ,london1 #ahef4 ,ed4 #b1 8#ahff4 #adj4 ---- ,c4 ,p41 & ,,s[]by1 ,j4 ,e4 ,useful ,plants ( ,great ,brita94 ,london 8#ahfe4 #ada4 ---- ,,*41 ,,johnson1 ,c4 ,h41 & ,,s[]by1 ,j4 ,e4 ,briti% ,poison\s ,plants1 #ahfa4 #adb4 ,,jones1 ,l4 ,r4 ,a4 7,see ,,ri*1 ,f4 ,a47 #adc4 ,,j\r4 ,,agricultural ,,rese>*4 ,vol4 #a41 ,no4 #b1 ,nov41 #aiac4 #add4 ,,j\r4 ,,bo>d ,,( ,,agriculture4 ,v>4 issues4 #ade4 ,,j\r4 ,,roy4 ,,agric4 ,,soc41 ,,engl&4 ,annual ,rept4 ( ,consult+ ,botani/ = #ahii1 ,poison\s ,plants inve/igations--includ+ ,ranunculus acris1 ,r4 p>viflorus1 ,r4 ,fic>ia etc41 etc41 #ahii1 pp4 #fgh-fhh4 #adf4 ---- ,wat] ,dropwort & ,dog's ,m]cury 7#ahih71 p4 #efa4 #adg4 ---- ,bitt] ,sweet or ,woody ,night%ade 7#aije71 p4 #afd4 #adh4 ---- ,mead[ ,saffron 7#ahig71 p4 #gdb4 #adi4 ,,j\r4 ,,soc4 ,,*em4 ,,indu/ry1 ,may #ae1 #aijh4 #aej4 ,,ju*1 ,k4 ,w4 ,die ,giftpflanz54 ,augsburg1 #ahag4 #aea4 ,,kanngiess]1 ,,fr4 ,die akut5 ,v]giftung51 #aiaa4 #aeb4 ,,k>/51 ,g4 7,see ,,/rasburg]1 ,e47 #aec4 ,,kaupp1 ,b4 ,f4 ,aconite ,poison+4 ,am4 ,vet4 ,rev41 #cj3 #ded-ef4 #aed4 ,,keel]1 ,d4 ,d4 ,poison+ by ,ergot4 ,am4 ,vet4 ,rev41 #ch3 #bea-b4 #aee4 ,,kell]mann1 ,w4 ,a4 ,poison+ by ,%eph]d's ,purse4 ,bot4 ,gaz41 #bj3 #cbe-f4 #aef4 ,,k]n]1 ,j4 ,s4 ,deuts*l&s ,giftpflanz54 ,hanov]1 #agih4 #aeg4 ,,k]n]1 ,a41 & ,,oliv]1 ,f4 ,w4 ,nat4 ,hi/ory ( ,plants1 #aijb4 #aeh4 ,,kionka1 ,h4 ,grundriss d] ,toxikologie4 ,leipzig1 #aija4 #aei4 ,,kl+1 ,m4 7,see ,,hal5ke1 ,a47 #afj4 ,,knolle1 ,f4 ,a4 ,g4 ,plantas v55atas umbellif]as4 ,leipzig1 #agga4 #afa4 ,,kob]t1 ,e4 ,r4 ,comp5dium d] praktis*5 ,toxicologie1 #aiab4 #afb4 ---- ,lehrbu* d] ,intoxication51 #ahic4 #afc4 ---- ,lehrbu* d] ,intoxication54 ,,ii4 ,bd41 #aijf4 #afd4 ,,kraus1 ,c4 ,das geme9e ,le9kraut4 ,arb4 d4 deut4 l&w4 ,gesell41 ,heft #aff1 #aiji4 #afe4 ,,kreutz]1 ,k4 ,j4 ,oe/]rei*es ,giftgew*se1 #ahch4 #aff4 ,,krock]1 ,dr4 ,zur ,lup95krankheit d] ,s*afe4 ,l&w4 ,jahrb41 #i3 #bg-ce4 #afg4 ,,kub+i1 ,a4 ,plantae v55osae ,hung>iae1 #ahdb4 #afh4 ,,kunkel1 ,a4 ,j4 ,h&bu* d] ,toxicologie1 ,j5a1 #b ,vols4 #ahii & #aija4 #afi4 ,,lamb]t1 ,l4 7,see ,,noel1 ,,*>les47 #agj4 ,,l&]1 ,g4 ,d4 ,vet]9>y ,toxicology1 #aiab4 #aga4 ,,lea!r1 ,j4 ,w4 ,cyanog5esis 9 ,plants4 ,ag4 ,j\r4 ,india1 ,i1 #bbj-bbe4 #agb4 ,,lehmann1 ,k4 ,b41 & ,,mori1 ,r4 ,ueb] die ,giftigkeit u4 ,entgiftung d] ,sam5 von ,agro/emma ,gi?ago4 ,ar*iv4 f4 ,hyg41 #i3 #beg 7,bot4 ,gaz4 #ad3 #bcc74 #agc4 ,,lehmann1 ,,otto4 ,giftpflanz5 mit besond]] ,b]cksi*tigung d] wirksam5 ,/(fe1 #ahhb4 #agd4 ,,lew91 ,l4 ,lehrbu* d] ,toxicologie4 ,ed4 #b4 #age4 ,,liaut>d1 ,a4 ,poison+ ( ,horses by ,sn[ ,drop4 ,am4 ,vet4 ,rev41 #cj3 #bih4 #agf4 ,,lohmann1 ,c4 ,e4 ,j4 ,ueb] die ,giftigkeit d] deuts*5 ,s*a*telhalm>t54 ,arb4 d4 deut4 l&w4 ,gesells*aft1 ,heft #ajj1 #aijd4 #agg4 ,,lub5au1 ,dr4 ,on ,poison+ f ,foods4 ,c5trbl4 f4 ,bakt41 #aijf1 ,i4 ,abt41 ,orig41 ,,xl41 #dcc4 #agh4 ,,mcc>?y1 ,,g]ald4 ,! ,poison\s ,plants ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,bull4 ,n4,c4 ,agr4 ,exp4 ,/a4 7,/4 ,bd4 ,agric471 #bb3 #dh4 #agi4 ,,macd\gall1 ,r4 ,s4 ,on ,la?yrus sativus 444 & ,alli$ ,legum9\s ,plants4 ,j\r4 ,bot4 ,soc4 ,ed941 ,dec41 #ahid4 #ahj4 ,,maid51 ,j4 ,h4 ,native ,plants ,poison\s to ,/ock4 ,agr4 ,gaz4 ,n4 ,s4 ,wales1 #f1 #eg-eh4 #aha4 ---- ,plants report$ to be ,poison\s to ,/ock 9 ,au/ralia4 ,id4 #ab1 #fcg-fff4 #ahb4 ,,m>*lewski1 ,l4 7,see ,,s*unck47 #ahc4 ,,m>%1 ,c4 ,d41 & o!rs4 ,l>kspur or 8,poison ,we$40 ,u4,s4 ,dept4 ,agric4 ,f>m]s' ,bull4 #eca1 #aiac4 #ahd4 ,,mil*-,,zeitung1 #bc 7#ahid71 p4 #f4 ,poison+ ( ,sw9e f fe$+ ,rye ,meal conta9+ ,corn ,cockle ,se$4 #ahe4 ,,miquel1 ,f4 ,a4 ,w4 ,de ,nord-,n$]l&s*e v]giftige ,gewass51 #ahch4 #ahf4 ,,mitla*]1 ,w4 ,toxicologis* od] =5sis* wi*tige ,pflanz51 #aijd4 #ahg4 ,,moell]1 ,j4 ,digitalis & ,v]bascum4 ,ph>4 ,po/41 #cg3 #fgg-fhj4 #ahh4 ,,mori1 ,r4 7,see ,,lehmann1 ,k4 ,b47 #ahi4 ,,moss1 ,r4 ,j4 ,! ,tax9e 9 ,iri% ,yew4 ,sci4 ,proc4 ,roy4 ,dubl9 ,soc41 vol4 ,,xii 7,n4,s471 ,no4 #aj1 #aiji4 #aij4 ,m,,ll]1 ,g4 ,l&wirts*aftli*e ,giftlehre4 #ahig4 #aia4 ,m,,ll]1 ,,georg1 & ,,krause1 ,c4 ,ueb] die ,giftwirkung d] ,anemone nemorosa4 ,ar*iv4 fr wiss5s*aftli*e u4 praktis*e ,?i]heilkunde1 #bc1 #cbf-cce4 #aib4 ,,muell]1 ,,k>l4 ,col*icum autumnale4 ,die ,natur41 #dd3 #eej4 #aic4 ,,naunyn1 ,b4 7,see ,b,,hm1 ,r47 #aid4 ,,nebraska4 #af? ,ann4 ,rept41 ,agric4 ,exp4 ,/a41 ,univ4 ,nebr41 #aijc1 pp4 #ad-id4 #aie4 ,,new ,,zeal& ,,dept4 ,,agric4 ,ann4 ,repts41 #aijd4 ,ragwort ,poison+4 #aif4 ---- ,j\r4 ( ,agric41 #ae? ,sept41 #aiac1 #cja4 #aig4 ,,noel1 ,,*>les4 ,contributions l'tude mdicale de l',anemone ,pulsatilla4 ,nancy1 #ahig4 #aih4 ---- & ,,lamb]t1 ,l4 ,re*]*es exprim5tales sur l',anemone ,pulsatilla4 ,ar*4 int]4 de ph>41 #ahig4 #aii4 ,,noll1 ,f4 7,see ,,/rasburg]1 ,e47 #bjj4 ,,nunn1 ,j4 ,a4 ,vet]9>y ,toxicology1 #aijg4 #bja4 ,,oliv]1 ,f4 ,w4 7,see ,,k]n]1 ,a47 #bjb4 ,,opwyrda1 ,r4 ,j4 7,see ,,praag1 ,l4 ,,van47 #bjb;b4 ,,orfila1 ,m4 ,j4 ,trait de ,toxicologie1 ,ed4 #e1 #b v4 ,p>is1 #aheb4 #bjc4 ,,pammel1 ,l4 ,h4 ,manual ( ,poison\s ,plants1 #aiaa4 7,conta9s a li/ ( #ajig ref]5ces to ,poison\s ,plant ,lit]ature47 #bjd4 ---- ,poison\s & ,m$ical ,plants ( ,miss\ri4 ,bul4 #ad1 ,miss\ri ,/ate ,bd4 ,hort4 #bje4 ,,p>k9son1 ,s4 ,t41 & ,,russell1 ,e4 ,j4 ,a ,li/ ( ,plants ,poison\s to ,/ock4 ,j\r4 ,s4 ,e4 ,agric4 ,college1 ,wye1 ,k5t1 ,no4 #af1 #aijg4 #bjf4 ,,patek1 ,,johann4 ,die ,giftpflanz51 #ahff-fg4 #bjg4 ,,pet]s1 ,a4 ,t4 7,see ,,/urdevant1 ,l4 ,b47 #bjh4 ,,pfaff1 ,,franz4 ,ivy ,poison+ & its ,treatm5t4 ,bull4 ,roy4 ,bot4 ,g>d5s1 ,kew1 #aijc1 #ae-af4 #bji4 ,,ph>maceutical ,,j\rnal4 ,v>4 issues4 #baj4 ,,pictet1 ,a4 ,la ,con/itution *imique des ,alcalodes ,vgtaux1 #bme ,ed41 #ahig4 #baa4 ,,plugge1 ,p4 ,c4 ,&rom$otox9-haltige ,ericace54 ,ar*4 d] ,ph>m41 #bbi3 #eeb-eed4 #bab4 ---- ,giftig] ,honig von ,rhodod5dron ponticum4 ,ar*4 d] ,ph>m41 #bbi3 #eed-ef4 #bac4 ,,pott1 ,,emil4 ,h&bu* d] ti]is*5 ,ernhrung und l&wirts*aftli*5 ,futt]mittel1 ,,ii4 ,bd41 #aijg4 #bad4 ,,p[]1 ,f4 ,b41 & ,,tut91 ,f4 ,*emical ,exam9ation ( ,ae?usa ,cynapium4 ,wellcome ,*em4 ,res4 ,laboratories1 ,no4 #eh1 #aije4 #bae4 ,,praag1 ,l4 ,,van1 & ,,opwyrda1 ,r4 ,j4 ,le]bu* voor practis*e giftle]1 #ahga4 #baf4 ,,pratt1 ,,anne4 ,! ,poison\s1 ,noxi\s & ,suspect$ ,plants ( our ,fields & ,woods 8#ahhg4 #bag4 ,,ratti1 ,pr(essor4 ,on ,col*icum ,poison+4 ,ph>4 ,j\r4 & ,trans41 iii1 #f3 #dg 7ab/r4 f ,lancet74 #bah4 ,,ratzeburg1 ,j4 ,f4 ,c4 7,see ,,br&t1 ,j4 ,f47 #bai4 ,,rems51 ,i41 & ,,coale1 ,r4 ,d4 ,am4 ,*em4 ,j\r41 vi1 #ahhd1 p4 #ej4 #bbj4 ,,rice1 ,w4 ,s4 ,equisetum ,poison+4 ,am4 ,vet4 ,rev41 #bf3 #idd-iea4 #bba4 ,,ri*1 ,f4 ,a4 ,poison\s ,equisetum4 ,proc4 ,am4 ,vet4 ,assoc41 #aijb4 #bbb4 ---- & ,,jones1 ,l4 ,r4 ,a4 ,poison\s ,plant3 ! ,common ,horsetail4 ,bull4 ,vt4 ,agr4 ,exp4 ,/a41 #ie3 #ahg-aib4 #bbc4 ,,ri*et1 ,c4 ,les poisons convulsivants4 ,ar*4 int]4 de ph>41 #d3 #bic-cji4 #bbd4 ,,riecke1 ,v4 ,a4 7,see ,,b]ge1 ,fr47 #bbe4 ,,ro!ra1 ,a4 ,c4 ,h4 ,reput$ ,poison ,plants4 ,j\r4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,victoria1 ,nov41 #aiaj4 #bbf4 ,,russell1 ,e4 ,j4 7,see ,,p>k9son1 ,s4 ,t47 #bbg4 ,,s*5ck1 ,h4 7,see ,,/rasburg]1 ,e47 #bbh4 ,,s*impfky1 ,,ri*>d4 ,deuts*l&s wi*tig/e ,giftgew*se 9 ,wort und ,bild1 neb/ e9] ,abh&lung b] ,pflanz5gift1 #ahic4 #bbi4 ,,s*mi$eb]g1 ,o4 ,on ,digital94 ,ar*iv4 ,exp4 ,pa?41 #af3 #adi4 #bcj4 ,,s*,,nemann1 ,h4 ,die ,pflanz5v]giftung51 #ahia4 #bca4 ,,s*unck1 ,e41 & ,,m>*lewski1 ,l4 ,ann4 d4 ,*em41 #bgh1 #ced4 #bcb4 ,,sitzb]i*t ,k4 ,,acad4 ,,wiss4 7,,vi5na71 ,ma?4 ,naturw4 ,kl41 #aba 7#aiab7 i1 ,no4 #a-c4--;,abs4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,record1 ,,xxix1 p4 #acc4 #bcc4 ,,smi?1 ,a4 ,b4 ,poison\s ,plants ( ,all ,c\ntries1 #aije4 #bcd4 ,,s[]by1 ,j4 ,e4 7,see ,,johnson47 #bce4 ,,/rasburg]1 ,e41 ,,noll1 ,f41 ,,s*5ck1 ,h41 & ,,k>/51 ,g4 ,text ,book ( ,botany4 #crd ,eng4 ,ed4 ,rev4 by ,w4 ,h4 ,,lang4 #aijh4 #bcf4 ,,/ubbs1 ,g4 7,see ,,?orpe1 ,t4 ,e47 #bcg4 ,,/urdevant1 ,l4 ,b41 & ,,pet]s1 ,a4 ,t4 ,! ,poison+ ( ,horses by ! ,common ,horse-tail ,we$4 ,rept4 ,neb4 ,agr4 ,exp4 ,/a41 #ai3 #aaa-aae4 #bch4 ,,tasmania1 ,,agric4 ,,& ,,/ock ,,dept4 ,hemlock4 ,bull4 ,no4 #bb1 #aiaa4 #bci4 ,,?orpe1 ,t4 ,e41 & ,,/ubbs1 ,g4 ,yew ,poison+1 ,trans4 ,*em4 ,soc41 #ha 7#aijb74 #bdj4 ,,?orpe1 ,t4 ,e4 ,a ,diction>y ( ,appli$ ,*emi/ry1 #aiab4 #bda4 ,,trans4 ,,*em4 ,,soc41 #aijb4 #bdb4 ---- #aijg1 p4 #ccg4 #bdc4 ,,treub1 ,m4 ,n\velles re*]*es sur le rle de l'acide cyanhydrique dans les plantes v]tes4 ,ann4 ,j>d9 bot41 ,buitz5borg1 ,s]4 ii1 #f3 #gi-ajf4 #bdd4 ,,tuczek1 ,f4 ,beh&lung d] ,v]giftung5 mit ,pflanz5/(f54 ,h&b4 d4 ,spec4 ,!rap4 inn]] ,krankh4 #b3 #bcd-ccd1 #ahid4 #bde4 ,,tut91 ,f4 ,*emical ,exam9ation ( ,o5an! crocata4 ,wellcome ,*em4 ,res4 ,laboratories1 ,no4 #acb1 #aiaa4 #bdf4 ---- 7,see ,,p[]1 ,f4 ,b47 #bdg4 ,,umney1 ,c4 7,see ,,dun/an1 ,w4 ,r47 #bdh4 ,u4,s4 ,,dept4 ,,agric4 ,exp]im5t ,/ation ,record4 ,v>4 issues4 #bdi4 ---- ,see 7#g71 7#h71 7#eb-eg71 7#fj71 7#abf71 & 7#ahc74 #bej4 ,,van ,,es1 ,l41 & ,,waldron1 ,l4 ,r4 ,"s ,/ock ,poison+ ,plants ( ,nor? ,dakota4 ,n4 ,dak4 ,agr4 ,coll4 ,exp4 ,/a41 ,bull4 #eh1 #aijc4 #bea4 ,,van ,,rijn1 ,j4 ,j4 ,l4 ,die ,glykoside1 #aijj4 #beb4 ,,v]s*affelt1 ,e4 ,bepal+ d] w]k+ van v]gift5 op plant51 ,afd4 d4 k4 ,akad4 v4 ,wel5s*4 ,am/4 #ab3 #hee-i1 #aijc-d4 #bec4 ,,vet]9>ian4 ,v>4 issues4 #bed4 ,,vet]9>y ,,j\rnal4 ,v>4 issues4 #bee4 ,,vet]9>y ,,news4 ,v>4 issues4 #bef4 ,,vet]9>y ,,record4 ,v>4 issues4 #beg4 ,,vicat1 ,p4 ,r4 ,hi/oire des ,plantes vnneuses de la ,suisse4 ,yv]don1 #aggf4 #beh4 ,,waldron1 ,l4 ,r4 7,see ,,van ,,es1 ,l47 #bei4 ,,wal%1 ,l4 ,h4 ,s\? ,african ,poison\s ,plants4 #aiji4 #bfj4 ,,web]1 ,c4 ,a4 ,d] ,duwock 7,equisetum palu/re74 ,arb4 d4 deut4 l&w4 ,gesell41 ,heft #gb1 #aijb4 #bfa4 ,,wi$mann1 ,,fr4 ,zur *emis*5 ,*>akt]i/ik d] ,familie d] ,papav]ace54 ,muni*1 #aija4 #bfb4 ,,wilcox1 ,e4 ,v4 7,see ,,*esnut1 ,v4 ,k47 #bfc4 ,,wilson1 ,p4 ,rhodod5dron ,poison+ 9 a ,goat4 ,! ,vet]9>ian1 #gj3 #fci-fdj4 #bfd4 ,,w9sl[1 ,,k5elm4 ,vet]9>y ,mat]ia ,m$ica & ,!rapeutics4 #aijb4 #bfe4 ,,wit?aus1 ,r4 ,a41 & ,,beck]1 ,t4 ,c4 ,m$ical ,jurisprud5ce1 ,=5sic ,m$ic9e & ,toxicology4 ,vol4 #d41 #ahif4 #bff4 ,,wun*mann1 ,f4 ,deuts*l&s ,giftpflanz54 #ahcc4 #bfg4 ,,zeits*r4 ,,anal4 ,,*em41 #aije1 ,no4 #dd4 7,see also v>i\s ref]5ces 9 ! text47 ,,index ,abies excelsa1 #gb -- pect9ata1 #gb ,abiet91 #gb ,a*illea ,millefolium1 #ajj ,a*ille9e1 #ajj ,acon9e1 #ae ,aconitic acid1 #hf ,aconit9e1 #aa1 #ae ,aconitum ,napellus1 #aj1 #ad1 #ae1 #ajc1 #ajd ,acorns1 #gj-gb1 #ajj ,actaea spicata1 #ajd ,ae?usa ,cynapium1 #ci1 #ajd ,agro/emma ,gi?ago1 #c1 #f1 #h1 #ai1 #aje ,agro/emma-,sapotox91 #ba ,agro/emm91 #ba ,aira caespitosa1 #aja ,all-,heal1 #ic1 #aje ,alli>ia (fic9alis1 #ai1 #ajj ,allium sp41 #ii ,allyl-iso?iocyanate1 #ah ,am5tace1 #fi ,amygdal91 #h1 #id ,anagallis arv5sis1 #dh ,an*usa (fic9alis1 #id ,&rom$otox91 #dg1 #dh ,anemonal1 #i ,anemone sp41 #i1 #aa -- app59a1 #aje -- nemorosa1 #i1 #aje -- pulsatilla1 #i -- ,wood1 #i ,anemone-camphor 7oil ( anemone71 #i ,anemonic acid1 #aj1 #aa ,anemon91 #aj1 #aa ,annual ,m]cury1 #fg ,an!mis aetn5sis1 #id -- arv5sis1 #id1 #aja -- *ia1 #id1 -- ,cotula1 #id1 #aja ,apoatrop9e1 #ei ,aquilegia vulg>is1 #aje ,araliace1 #dc ,arbut91 #dg1 #dh ,arcto/aphylos ,uva-ursi1 #aje ,aroide1 #gf ,artemisia ,abs9?ium1 #aja1 #ajd -- m>itima1 #ajd ,arum maculatum1 #gf1 #gg1 #aje ,as>um europum1 #aje ,asphodel1 ,bog1 #ig1 #aja ,aspidium filix-mas1 #hh ,a/ragalus bisulcatus1 #c ,atriplex sp41 #ig ,atropa ,belladonna1 #d1 #e1 #h1 #ej1 #eb1 #eh1 #ajc1 #ajd ,atrop9e1 #ej1 #ei ,autumn ,crocus1 #b1 #c1 #gi-hb1 #ajj1 #ajd ,azalea sp41 #d1 #dh -- arboresc5s1 #dh -- indica1 #dh -- nudiflora1 #dh -- pontica1 #dh ,balsamorhiza sagittata1 #c ,beans1 #d1 #cb1 #cc1 #ajd ,belladon9e1 #ei ,belladonna1 see ,deadly ,night%ade ,bibliography1 #ajg ,b9dwe$s1 #di1 #ajb ,bitt]sweet1 #ed1 #ajd ,black ,b9dwe$1 #di1 #ajb -- ,bryony1 #ce1 #gh1 #aje ,bog ,asphodel1 #ig1 #aja ,box1 #fi1 #aje ,brack51 #hg1 #ic ,brake-f]n1 #hg1 #ic ,brassica nigra1 #ah -- ,s9api/rum1 #ah1 #ai ,bromus1 #aja ,broom1 #bg1 #ajd ,broom-rape1 #ie ,bryog591 #ce ,bryonia dioica1 #ce1 #gh1 #aje ,bryon91 #ce1 #gh ,bryony1 #ce1 #gh1 #aje ,buck?orn1 #bd1 #aje ,buck:eat1 #fd ,burma beans1 #cb ,butt]cups1 #h1 #aj-ab1 #ii1 #aje -- ,acrid1 #aj1 #aje -- ,bulb\s1 #aj1 #aa1 #aje -- ,cel]y-leav$1 #aj1 #aa1 #ii1 #aje ,butt]wort1 #aja ,bux9e1 #fi ,bux9id9e1 #fi ,buxus semp]vir5s1 #fi1 #aje ,cal?a palu/ris1 #i1 #ab1 #ii1 #ajd ,canadian ,erig]on1 #ic ,cap] ,spurge1 #ff1 #fg1 #ajj1 #aje ,caprifoliace1 #dc ,capsella ,bursa-pa/oris1 #aja ,c>yophyllace1 #ai ,ca/or ,oil ,plant1 #cc ,catm9t1 #if ,cats-,e>1 #id ,cel&9e1 ,great]1 #ag1 #aje -- ,less]1 #aj1 #aa1 #aje ,cela/race1 #bd ,cel]y-leav$ ,butt]cup1 #aj1 #aa1 #ii1 #aje ,*a]ophyll91 #dj ,*a]ophyllum sp41 #cg1 #dj -- sylve/re1 #dj -- temulum1 #dj ,*amomile1 ,corn & ,wild1 #aja ,*>lock1 #ah ,*el]y?r9e1 #ag ,*elidon9e1 #ag ,*elidonium majus1 #ag1 #aje ,*]ry ,laurel1 #cd ,*]vils1 #dj ,*ickwe$1 #aja ,*9ovic acid1 #ic ,*ol9e1 #fh ,*ri/mas ,rose1 #ac ,*rysan!mum ,leucan!mum1 #ajj ,cicuta virosa1 #b1 #h1 #cf1 #ajd ,cicut9e1 #cf ,cicutox9e1 #cf ,classification ( ,poisons1 #ajc ,claviceps microcephala1 #ih -- purpurea1 #h1 #hh-ia1 #ajc1 #ajd ,clematis ,vitalba1 #i1 #aje ,cockle1 ,corn1 #c1 #f1 #h1 #ai1 #aje ,col*ic9e1 #hj ,col*icum sp41 #h1 #aa1 #ajc -- autumnale1 #b1 #c1 #gi-hb1 #ajj1 #ajd ,composit1 #dd ,conhydr9e1 #cj1 #da ,conice9e1 #da ,conif]1 #gb ,conif]91 #gb ,coni9e1 #cj1 #ci1 #da ,conium maculatum1 #f1 #cj1 #da1 #aja1 #ajd ,consolid9e1 #id ,convallam>91 #gi ,convall>ia majalis1 #gi1 #ajd ,convall>91 #gi ,convolvulace1 #di ,convolvulus sp41 #di1 #ajb -- arv5sis1 #di -- sepium1 #di ,corn ,*amomile1 #aja ,corn ,cockle1 #c1 #f1 #h1 #ai1 #aje ,cornut9e1 #hi ,c[bane1 #b1 #h1 #cf1 #ajd ,c[-,:eat1 #if1 #ajj ,cress1 ,p5ny1 #aja ,crocus1 ,autumn1 #b1 #c1 #gi-hb1 #ajj1 #ajd ,crocus sativus1 #aje ,cr[foot1 ,tall1 #aj1 #aa1 #aje ,crucif]1 #ah ,cuckoo ,p9t1 #gf1 #gg1 #aje ,cucurbitace1 #ce ,cum>91 #ib ,cupressus macroc>pa1 #gc -- nootkat5sis1 #gc ,cuscuta sp41 #id -- ,epi?ymum1 #id -- europa1 #id ,cuscut91 #id ,cyclam91 #di ,cynap9e1 #ci ,cynogloss9e1 #id ,cynoglossum (fic9ale1 #id1 #aje ,cytis9e1 #be1 #bg1 #ib ,cytisus ,laburnum1 #be1 #bg1 #ajd -- ,scop>ius1 #bg1 #ajd -- ,weld5i1 #be ,daphne sp41 #d1 #h -- ,laureola1 #fe1 #aje -- ,mez]eum1 #fe1 #aje ,daphn91 #fe ,d>nel1 #h1 #dh1 #hb-hd1 #if1 #ajc1 #ajd ,datura ,/ramonium1 #ej1 #ajc1 #ajd ,datur9e1 #ej ,deadly ,night%ade1 #d1 #e1 #h1 #ej1 #eb1 #eh1 #ajc1 #ajd ,delph99e1 #aa1 #ad ,delph9ium ,ajacis1 #ad -- ,consolida1 #ad1 #ajd -- ,/aphisagria1 #ad ,delph9oid9e1 #ad ,delphis9e1 #ad ,devil's-,bit1 #ic ,digitale91 #fa ,digital91 #fa ,digitalis purpurea1 #fa1 #ajc1 #ajd ,digit91 #fa ,digiton91 #fa ,digitox91 #fa ,dioscoride1 #gh ,docks1 #fc1 #fd ,dodd]s1 #id ,dog's ,m]cury1 #fg1 #fh1 #ajj1 #ajd ,doronicum ,p>dalian*es1 #aje ,dropwort1 ,wat]1 #cg1 #ajc1 #ajd ,dros]a sp41 #ic -- rotundifolia1 #aje ,dulcam>91 #ed ,dw>f ,eld]1 #dc1 #ajd ,ecbol9e1 #hi ,e*ium vulg>e1 #id ,eld]1 ,common1 #dc1 #ajd -- ,dw>f1 #dc1 #ajd ,endoconidium temul5tum1 #hc ,equisetace1 #hd ,equiset9e1 #hf ,equisetum sp41 #c1 #hd-hg1 #ajj -- arv5se1 #hd1 #he1 #hf1 #hg -- heleo*>is1 #he -- maximum1 #hc -- palu/re1 #he1 #ajj -- prat5se1 #he -- sylvaticum1 #he ,ergot1 #h1 #hh-ia1 #ajc1 #ajd ,ergot99e1 #hi ,ergotism1 #hi ,ergotox9e1 #hi ,ericace1 #df ,ericol91 #dg1 #dh ,erig]on1 ,canadian1 #ic ,erig]on canad5sis1 #ic ,erodium cicut>ium1 #aja ,erysimum *eiran?oides1 #ai1 #aje ,esp>cet1 ,false1 #c ,euonym91 #bd ,euonymus europu1 #bd1 #aje ,euphorbia sp41 #h1 #ff1 #fg -- amygdaloides1 #aje -- exigua1 #aje -- ,helioscopia1 #ff1 #aje -- hib]na1 #aje -- ,la?yris1 #ff1 #fg1 #ajj1 #aje -- ,p>alias1 #aje -- ,peplis1 #aje -- ,peplus1 #ff1 #aje -- pilosa1 #aje -- platyphylla1 #aje -- portl&ica1 #aje ,euphorbiace1 #ff ,fagopyrism1 #fd ,f]ns1 #hg1 #hh ,figworts1 #ie ,filices1 #hg ,filicic acid1 #hh ,flag1 ,yell[1 #ig1 #aje ,flax1 ,purg+1 #ib1 #ajd ,fool's ,p>sley1 #ci1 #ajd ,=mic acid1 #ge ,foxglove1 #fa1 #ajc1 #ajd ,frangul91 #bd ,fritill>ia ,meleagris1 #ig1 #aje ,fritill>y1 ,common1 #ig1 #aje ,fungi1 #hh ,furze1 #ib ,galan?us nivalis1 #aje ,g>d5 ,night%ade1 #d1 #eb1 #ed1 #ajd ,g>lic ,mu/>d1 #ai1 #ajj ,g>lics1 #ii ,g]aniace1 #bc ,g]anium1 ,wild1 #c ,gi?ag91 #ba ,gi?agism1 #bj ,glaucium luteum1 #aje ,gorse1 #ib ,gram9e1 #hb ,gratiol91 #ie ,great ,mulle91 #ie ,gr\nd ,ivy1 #if ,gummi h$]1 #dc ,h$]a ,helix1 #dc ,h$]91 #dc ,hellebore1 ,gre51 #ac1 #ad1 #ajd -- ,/9k+1 #ac1 #ajd ,hellebore91 #ac ,hellebor91 #ab1 #ac ,helleborus sp41 #ac -- ftidus1 #ac1 #ajd -- nig]1 #ac -- viridis1 #ac1 #ad1 #ajd ,hemlock 7see also ,wat] ,hemlock71 #f1 #cj1 #da1 #aja1 #ajd ,h5bane1 #f1 #ea1 #aja1 #ajd ,h]b ,p>is1 #gh1 #ajd ,hi]acium ,pilosella1 #ih ,hordeum1 #aja ,horsetails1 #c1 #hd-hg1 #ajj ,h\nd's ,tongue1 #id1 #aje ,huckleb]ry1 #ec ,hyac9?us nonscriptus1 #aje ,hydrocotyle vulg>is1 #ic ,hydro]got99e1 #hi ,hyosc9e1 #ej1 #ea1 #ei ,hyoscyam9e1 #f1 #df1 #ej1 #ea1 #ei ,hyoscyamus sp41 #ajc -- muticus1 #f -- nig]1 #f1 #ea1 #aja1 #ajd ,hyoscypicr91 #ea ,hyp]ic9e1 #bb ,hyp]icum p]=atum1 #bb ,hypo*ris radicata1 #id ,impati5s noli-me-tang]e1 #aje ,imp]ial9e1 #ig ,irid91 #ig ,iris foetidissima1 #aje -- ,pseud-acorus1 #ig1 #aje ,ivraie1 #hc ,ivy1 #dc -- ,gr\nd1 #if ,java beans1 #d1 #cb1 #ajd ,j]v9e1 #ab1 #ac ,jimson ,we$1 #ej ,juncus sp41 #ih ,junip]us ,sab9a1 #gb1 #ajd ,k+-cup1 #ab #ii1 #ajd ,knot-we$1 #ajb ,kribbelkrankheit1 #hi ,laburnum1 #be1 #bg1 #ajc ,lactuca sc>iola1 #de -- virosa1 #de1 #df ,lactuc>ium1 #df ,lactuc]91 #df ,lactucic1 acid #df ,lactuc91 #df ,lactucone1 #df ,lactupicr9e1 #df ,l>ix europa1 #gb ,l>kspur1 #ad1 #ajd ,la?yrism1 #bg1 #bh ,la?yrus ,aphaca1 #bi1 #ajd -- ,cic]a1 #bg -- ,clym5um1 #bg -- sativus1 #bg1 #if ,laurel1 ,*]ry1 #cd1 #ajd ,laurel1 ,spurge1 #fe1 #aje ,lepidium latifolium1 #aje ,lettuce1 ,wild1 #de ,ligu/r91 #di ,ligu/ron1 #di ,ligu/rum vulg>e1 #d1 #di1 #aje ,liliace1 #gh ,lily-(-!-,valley1 #gi1 #ajd ,lima beans1 #cb ,l9>ia vulg>is1 #ie1 #aje ,l9>91 #ie ,l9um c>?aticum1 #ib1 #ajd ,loco-we$1 #c ,loli9e1 #hc ,lolium temul5tum1 #h1 #dh1 #hb-hd1 #if1 #ajc1 #ajd ,lords & ,ladies1 #gf1 #gg1 #aje ,l\sewort1 #fc1 #ie ,lup9es1 #bi -- ,blue1 #bi -- ,false1 #c -- ,:ite1 #cj -- ,yell[1 #bi ,lup9id9e1 #bg1 #ca ,lup99e1 #ca ,lup9osis1 #bi-cb ,lup9otox91 #ca ,lup9us sp41 #bi-cb -- albus1 #cj -- angu/ifolius1 #bi ---- luteus1 #bi1 #cj ,mal de ,br\1 #gj ,maladie des ,bois1 #gj1 #ajj ,male ,f]n1 #hh ,m>% ,m>igold1 #ab1 #ii1 #ajd ,m>% ,p5ny-,wort1 #ic ,matric>ia ,*amomilla1 #aja ,maywe$s1 #id1 #aja ,mead[ ,saffron1 #b1 #c1 #gi-hb1 #ajj1 #ajd ,me*anical injury1 plants caus+1 #aja ,melampyrum sp41 #fc1 #ie1 #if -- arv5se1 #if1 #ajj ,melilot1 #ib ,melilotus sp41 #ib ,m]curial9e1 #fh ,m]curialis annua1 #fg1 #fh1 #ajj ---- p]5nis1 #fg1 #fh1 #ajj1 #ajd ,m]cury1 ,dog's & ,annual1 #fg1 #fh1 #ajj1 #ajd ,me?ylconi9e1 #da ,mez]e91 #fe ,mez]eon1 #fe1 #aje ,milk1 plants affect+1 #ii1 #ajj1 #aja -- ,a*illea ,millefolium1 #ajj -- ,acorns1 #ajj -- ,alli>ia (fic9alis1 #ajj -- ,allium sp41 #ii -- ,an!mis sp41 #id1 #aja -- ,artemisia ,abs9?ium1 #aja -- ,cal?a palu/ris1 #ii -- ,*rysan!mum ,leucan!mum1 #ajj -- ,col*icum autumnale1 #hj1 #ha1 #ajj -- ,conium maculatum1 #db1 #aja -- ,cytisus ,weld5i1 #be -- ,equisetum palu/re1 #hg1 #ajj -- ,euphorbia sp41 #fg -- -- ,la?yris1 #ajj -- ,helleborus sp41 #ac1 #ad -- ,hyoscyamus nig]1 #eb1 #aja -- ,hyp]icum p]=atum1 #bb -- ,matric>ia ,*amomilla1 #aja -- ,melampyrum arv5se1 #ajj -- ,m]curialis annua1 #fh1 #ajj -- -- p]5nis1 #fh1 #ajj -- ,n>!cium ossifragum1 #ig #ajj -- ,oxalis ,acetosella1 #bc1 #ajj -- ,p+uicula vulg>is1 #aja -- ,qu]cus sp41 #ga1 #ajj -- ,ranunculus sp41 #ii -- ,rhodod5dron1 #dg1 #ajj -- ,rumex sp41 #fd -- ,s5ebi]a didyma1 #aja -- ,s5ecio latifolius1 #de -- ,sium angu/ifolium1 #aja -- -- latifolium1 #cg1 #aja -- ,solanum tub]osum1 #eg -- ,tanacetum vulg>e1 #dd1 #aja -- ,?laspi arv5se1 #aja ,mol9ia ca]ulea1 #ih ,monk%ood1 #aj1 #ad1 #ae1 #ajc1 #ajd ,morph9e1 #af ,mulle91 ,great1 #ie ,mu/>d1 ,g>lic1 #ai1 #ajj -- ,treacle1 #ai ,nak$ ,ladies1 #b1 #c1 #gi-hb1 #ajj1 #ajd ,n>ciss9e1 #ig ,n>cissus sp41 #ig -- mos*atus1 #aje -- poeticus1 #ig1 #aje -- pseudo-n>cissus1 #ig ,n>dus /ricta1 #aja ,n>!c91 #ig ,n>!cium ossifragum1 #ig1 #ajj ,nepeta ,cat>ia1 #if -- ,gle*oma1 #a1 #if1 #ih ,nettles1 #ig1 #aje ,night%ade1 see ,deadly ,night%ade & ,g>d5 ,night%ade ,oak1 #fi-gb1 #ajj ,o5an! crocata1 #cg1 #ajc1 #ajd -- fi/ulosa1 #ch -- fluviatilis1 #ajd -- ,phell&rium1 #ch1 #ajd ,o5an?otox91 #ch ,oil ( ,cicuta1 #cf -- ,euphorbia1 #fh -- ,mu/>d1 #ah -- ,snapdragon1 #ie -- ,tansy1 #dd -- ,val]ian1 #ic -- ,yew1 #ge ,oleace1 #di ,ora*e1 #ig ,oroban*e m9or1 #ie ,oxalis ,acetosella1 #bc1 #ajj ,paigya beans1 #cb ,papav] sp41 #h1 #af -- dubium1 #af -- ,rhoeas1 #af1 #aje -- somnif]um1 #ajc ,papav]ace1 #af ,papilionace1 #be ,p>abux9e1 #fi ,p>abux9id9e1 #fi ,p>id91 #gh1 #gi ,p>is quadrifolia1 #gh1 #ajd ,p>i/yphn91 #gh ,p>snip1 ,wat]1 #cg1 #aja -- ,wild1 #ic ,pasque ,fl[]1 #i ,pa/9aca sativa1 #ic ,peas1 ,indian1 #bg1 #if -- ,mutt]1 #bg ,p$icul>is sp41 #fc1 #ie -- palu/ris1 #fc -- sylvatica1 #fc ,p5ny ,cress1 #aja ,p5ny-,wort1 ,m>%1 #ic ,p]sic>ia1 #fd ,petty ,spurge1 #ff1 #aje ,phaseolunat91 #h1 #cc ,phaseolus lunatus1 #d1 #cb1 #ajd ,picea sp41 #gb ,pice91 #gb ,picrotox91 #cf1 #hc ,pimp]nel1 ,sc>let1 #dh ,p+uicula vulg>is1 #aja ,p9ipicr91 #gb ,p9us l>ix1 #ajd -- p9a/]1 #ajd -- /robus1 #gb -- sylve/ris1 #gb ,pisum sativum1 #bg ,poison ,we$1 #dh ,polygonace1 #fc ,polygonum ,avicul>e1 #ajb -- ,convolvulus1 #ajb -- ,fagopyrum1 #fd -- hydropip]1 #fd1 #fe -- ,p]sic>ia1 #fd1 #fe ,poppies1 #h1 #af1 #ajc1 #aje ,potato1 #ed-eh ,pot5tilla ,ans]9a1 #ib -- torm5tilla1 #hh1 #ic ,primulace1 #dh ,privet1 #d1 #di1 #aje ,protop9e1 #ag ,prulauras91 #cd ,prunus lauroc]asus1 #cd1 #ajd ,pseudoconhydr9e1 #da ,pt]is aquil9a1 #hg1 #ic ,pt]itannic acid1 #hh ,pulsatilla-camphor1 #i ,purg+ ,flax #ib1 #ajd ,qu]cus sp41 #fi-gb1 #ajj ,radi%1 ,wild1 #ah ,ragwort1 #dd ,rangoon beans1 #cb ,ranunculace1 #i ,ranunculus sp41 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #ab1 #ii -- ac]1 #aa -- acris1 #aj1 #aa1 #aje -- aquatilis1 #aj1 #aje -- auricomus1 #aje -- bulbosus1 #aj1 #aa1 #aje -- ,fic>ia1 #aj1 #aa1 #aje -- ,flammula1 #aj1 #aa1 #aje -- l+ua1 #aj -- rep5s1 #aj1 #ab1 #ii -- scel]atus1 #aj1 #aa1 #ii1 #aje ,raphanus ,raphani/rum1 #ah ,rhamnace1 #bd ,rhamnet91 #bd ,rhamnus ,ca?>ticus1 #bd1 #aje -- ,frangula1 #bd ,rhead9e1 #af ,rh9an?91 #fc1 #if ,rh9an?us sp41 #fc -- ,cri/a-galli1 #ie ,rhodod5dr91 #dg ,rhodod5dron sp41 #d1 #df1 #ajj -- arboreum1 #dg -- cali=nicum1 #df -- ,*rysan?um1 #df -- c9nab>9um1 #dg -- f]rug9eum1 #df -- hirsutum1 #dg -- maximum1 #df -- ponticum1 #df1 #dg -- punctatum1 #dg ,ric91 #cd ,ric99e1 #cd ,ric9us communis1 #cc ,roem]ia hybrida1 #aje ,rosace1 #cd ,rumex ,acetosa1 #fc1 #ajd -- ,acetosella1 #fc -- crispus1 #fd ,ruta graveol5s1 #ajd ,/ ,john's ,wort1 #bb ,sambuca ,ebulus1 #dc1 #ajd -- nigra1 #dc1 #ajd ,sambuc9e1 #dd ,sambunigr91 #dd ,sapon>ia (fic9alis1 #ai1 #aje ,sapon9s1 #h1 #i1 #ai1 #ba1 #gg1 #gh1 #ig ,sapotox91 #ba ,scabiosa succisa1 #ic #ic ,sc>let ,pimp]nel1 #dh ,scilla bifolia1 #aje ,scopolam9e1 #ej1 #ea1 #ei ,scrophul>ia aquatica1 #ie -- nodosa1 #ie ,scrophul>9e1 #ie ,scrophul>9e1 #fa ,s$um acre1 #ic1 #aje --album1 #aje ,s5ebi]a didyma1 #aja ,s5ecifolid9e1 #de ,s5ecifol9e1 #de ,s5ecio ,bur*ellii1 #de --,jacoba1 #dd --latifolius1 #de ,%eep's ,sorrel1 #fc ,%eph]d's ,purse1 #aja ,silica1 #hf ,silv] ,we$1 #ib ,s9alb91 #ah ,s9ap9e1 #ah ,s9apis alba1 #aje --arv5sis1 see ,brassica s9api/rum --nigra1 #aje ,sium angu/ifolium1 #cg1 #aja1 #ajd --latifolium1 #cg1 #aja ,sium1 ,less]1 #aja ,smilac91 #ba ,snake's ,head1 #ig ,soapwort1 #ai1 #aje ,solanace1 #d1 #h1 #ej1 #ajc ,solanid9e1 #ec1 #ef ,solan9e1 #h1 #ec1 #ed1 #ee1 #ef ,solanum ,dulcam>a1 #ed1 #ajd --gu9e5se1 #ec --nigrum1 #d1 #eb1 #ed1 #ajd --tub]osum1 #ed-eh --villosum1 #ec ,sorrel1 ,common1 #fc1 #ajd --,%eep's1 #fc --,wood1 #bc1 #ajj ,sp>te9e1 #bg1 #ca ,spe>wort1 ,less]1 #aj1 #aa1 #aje ,sp9dle ,tree1 #bd1 #aje ,spurge ,laurel1 #fe1 #aje ,spurges1 #ff1 #fg1 #ajj1 #aje ,/aphisagr9e1 #ad ,/ell>ia m$ia1 #aja ,/9k+ ,maywe$1 #aja ,/ipa p9nata1 #aja ,sundews1 #ic ,sunfl[]1 ,wild1 #c ,sun ,spurge1 #ff1 #aje ,syr+91 #di ,syr+opicr91 #di ,tamus communis1 #ce1 #gh1 #aje ,tanacetum vulg>e1 #dd1 #aja ,tann91 #gj ,tansy1 #dd1 #aja ,tax9e1 #ge ,taxus baccata1 #b1 #d1 #g1 #h1 #gb1 #gc-gf1 #ajc1 #ajd ,temul9e1 #hc ,t]p5e1 #ic ,!rmopsis rhombifolia1 #c ,?laspi arv5se1 #aja ,?orn ,apple1 #ej1 #ajc1 #ajd ,?uja occid5talis1 #gb ,?ymelace1 #fe ,toadflax1 #ie1 #aje ,torm5til1 #hh1 #ic ,travell]'s ,joy1 #i1 #aje ,treacle ,mu/>d1 #ai ,trifolium inc>natum1 #aja ,trime?ylam9e1 #fh ,trollius europu1 #i ,ulex europu1 #ib ,ulex9e1 #be1 #ib ,umbellif]1 #b1 #cf ,urtica sp41 #ig --dioica1 #ig1 #aje --pilulif]a1 #aje --ur5s1 #aje ,val]iana (fic9alis1 #ic1 #aje ,val]ianic acid1 #ic ,vell>91 #ic ,v]bascum ,?apsus1 #ie ,vet*l+1 ,yell[1 #bi1 #ajd ,vip]'s ,bugloss1 #id ,viscum album1 #aje ,wall-,pepp]1 #ic1 #aje ,w>tcress1 ,less]1 #aja ,wat] ,dropwort1 #cg1 #ajc1 #ajd --,hemlock1 #b1 #h1 #cf1 #ajd --,p>snip1 #cg1 #aja --,pepp]1 #fd1 #fe ,:ite-,rot1 #ic ,wild ,*amomile1 #aja --,g]anium1 #c --,lettuce1 #de --,p>snip1 #ic --,radi%1 #ah --,sunfl[]1 #c ,w9d ,fl[]1 #i1 #aje ,wond]b]ry1 #ec ,wood ,anemone1 #i1 #aje --,sorrel1 #bc1 #ajj ,wormwood1 #aja ,xylan1 #ih ,yell[ ,flag1 #ig --,rattle1 #ie --,vet*l+1 #bi1 #ajd ,yew1 #b1 #d1 #g1 #h1 #gb1 #gc-gf1 #ajc1 #ajd ,zygad5us v55osus1 #c ,,cambridge3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,j4 ,b4 ,,peace1 ,m4,a41 ,,at ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,press ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,cambridge ,,univ]sity ,,press ,,cambridge ,,agricultural ,,monographs ,g5]al ,editors3 ,t4 ,b4 ,,wood1 ,m4,a41 & ,e4 ,j4 ,,russell1 ,d4,sc4 ,inorganic ,plant ,poisons & ,/imulants4 ,by ,,w9ifr$ ,e4 ,,br5*ley1 ,d4,sc41 ,f4,l4,s41 ,fell[ ( ,univ]sity 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,b4,a41 ,assi/ant ,inve/igator4 ,no4 #a4 ,sample ,plots ( ,scots ,p9e at ,woburn4 ,demy #hvo4 ,pap] cov]s1 #as #f;d net4 7,bullet91 ,no4 #a47 ,no4 #b4 ,sample ,plot ( ,scots ,p9e at ,k+'s ,lynn4 ,demy #hvo4 ,pap] cov]s1 #i;d net4 7,bullet91 ,no4 #b47 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,j\rnal ,,( ,,agricultural ,,sci5ce ,edit$ by ,r4 ,h4 ,,biff51 ,m4,a41 ,f4,r4,s41 ,a4 ,d4 ,,hall1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,r4,s41 ,e4 ,j4 ,,russell1 ,d4,sc41 & ,t4 ,b4 ,,wood1 ,m4,a4 ,price p] volume1 consi/+ ( f\r p>ts1 #aes net 9 pap] cov]s1 #ahs #f;d net b\nd 9 buckram2 to subscrib]s1 #aes net p] volume1 po/ free1 payable 9 advance4 ,! price ( ea* "p sold sep>ately is #es net4 ,,selection ,,f ,,! ,,g5]al ,,catalogue ,,( ,,books ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! ,,cambridge ,,univ]sity ,,press ,manur+ = ,high] ,crop ,production4 ,by ,e4 ,j4 ,,russell1 ,d4,sc41 ,director ( ! ,ro?am/$ ,exp]im5tal ,/ation4 ,) #af illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 #cs net4 ,! ,f]tility ( ! ,soil4 ,by ,e4 ,j4 ,,russell1 ,d4,sc4 ,) #i illu/rations4 ,royal #afmo4 ,clo?1 is 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