,,calderon',s ,,dramas4 ,,the ,,purgatory ,,of ,,st4 ,,patrick4 ,,now ,,first ,,translated ,,fully ,,from ,,the ,,spanish ,,in ,,the ,,metre ,,of ,,the ,,original4 ,,by ,,denis ,,florence ,,mac-,,carthy4 ,,london3 ,,henry ,s4 ,,king ,,co41 #fe ,,cornhill1 ,,and #ab1 ,,paternoster ,,row4 #ahgc4 ,,introduction4 ,two of the dramas contained in this volume are the most celebrated of all ,calderon's writings4 ,the first1 ,la ,vida es ,sueno1 has been translated into many languages and performed with success on almost every stage in ,europe but that of ,england4 ,so late as the winter of #ahff-g1 in a ,russian version1 it drew crowded houses to the great theatre of ,moscow2 while a few years earlier1 as if to give a signal proof of the reality of its title1 and that ,life was indeed a ,dream1 the ,queen of ,sweden expired in the theatre of ,stockholm during the performance of ,la ,vida es ,sueno4 ,in ,england the play has been much studied for its literary value and the exceeding beauty and lyrical sweetness of some passages2 but with the exception of a version by ,john ,oxenford published in ,the ,monthly ,magazine for #ahdb1 which being in blank verse does not represent the form of the original1 no complete translation into ,english has been attempted4 ,some scenes translated with considerable elegance in the metre of the original were published by ,archbishop ,trench in #ahef2 but these comprised only a portion of the graver division of the drama4 ,the present version of the entire play has been made with the advantages which the author's long experience in the study and interpretation of ,calderon has enabled him to apply to this master-piece of the great ,spanish poet4 ,all the forms of verse have been preserved2 while the closeness of the translation may be inferred from the fact1 that not only the whole play but every speech and fragment of a speech are represented in ,english in the exact number of lines of the original1 without the sacrifice1 it is to be hoped1 of one important idea4 ,a note by ,hartzenbusch in the last edition of the drama published at ,madrid 7#ahgb71 tells that ,la ,vida es ,sueno1 is founded on a story which turns out to be substantially the same as that with which ,english students are familiar as the foundation of the famous ,induction to the ,taming of the ,shrew4 ,calderon found it however in a different work from that in which ,shakespeare met with it1 or rather his predecessor1 the anonymous author of ,the ,taming of a ,shrew1 whose work supplied to ,shakespeare the materials of his own comedy4 ,on this subject ,malone thus writes4 ,the circumstance on which the ,induction to the anonymous play1 as well as to the present ,comedy ,shakespeare's ,taming of the ,shrew1 is founded1 is related 7as ,langbaine has observed7 by ,heuterus1 ,rerum ,burgund4 lib4 iv4 ,the earliest ,english original of this story in prose that ,i have met with is the following1 which is found in ,goulart's ,admirable and ,memorable ,histories1 translated by ,e4 ,grimstone1 quarto1 #afjg2 but this tale 7which ,goulart translated from ,heuterus7 had undoubtedly appeared in ,english1 in some other shape1 before #aeid3 ,philip called the good ,duke of ,burgundy1 in the memory of our ancestors1 being at ,bruxelles with his ,court1 and walking one night after supper through the streets1 accompanied by some of his favourites1 he found lying upon the stones a certaine artisan that was very dronke1 and that slept soundly4 ,it pleased the prince in this artisan to make trial of the vanity of our life1 whereof he had before discoursed with his familiar friends4 ,he therefore caused this sleeper to be taken up1 and carried into his palace2 he commands him to be layed in one of the richest beds2 a riche night cap to be given him2 his foule shirt to be taken off1 and to have another put on him of fine holland4 ,when as this dronkard had digested his wine1 and began to awake1 behold there comes about his bed ,pages and ,groomes of the ,duke's ,chamber1 who drawe the curteines1 make many courtesies1 and being bare-headed1 aske him if it please him to rise1 and what apparell it would please him to put on that day4 ,they bring him rich apparell4 ,this new ,monsieur amazed at such courtesie1 and doubting whether he dreamt or waked1 suffered himselfe to be drest1 and led out of the chamber4 ,there came noblemen which saluted him with all honour1 and conduct him to the ,masse1 where with great ceremonie they give him the booke of the ,gospell1 and the ,pixe to kisse1 as they did usually to the ,duke4 ,from the ,masse they bring him back unto the pallace2 he washes his hands1 and sittes down at the table well furnished4 ,after dinner1 the ,great ,chamberlain commands cards to be brought with a great summe of money4 ,this ,duke in imagination playes with the chief of the ,court4 ,then they carry him to walke in the gardein1 and to hunt the hare1 and to hawke4 ,they bring him back into the pallace1 where he sups in state4 ,candles being light the musitions begin to play2 and the tables taken away1 the gentlemen and gentlewomen fell to dancing4 ,then they played a pleasant comedie1 after which followed a ,banket1 whereat they had presently store of ,ipocras and pretious wine1 with all sorts of confitures1 to this prince of the new impression2 so as he was dronke1 and fell soundlie asleepe4 ,hereupon the ,duke commanded that he should be disrobed of all his riche attire4 ,he was put into his old ragges1 and carried into the same place1 where he had been found the night before2 where he spent that night4 ,being awake in the morning1 he began to remember what had happened before2 he knewe not whether it were true indeede1 or a dream that had troubled his braine4 ,but in the end1 after many discourses1 he concludes that ,,all ,,was ,,but ,a ,,dreame that had happened unto him2 and so entertained his wife1 his children1 and his neighbours1 without any other apprehension4 ,it is curious to find that the same anecdote which formed the ,induction to the original ,taming of a ,shrew1 and which1 from a comic point of view1 ,shakespeare so wonderfully developed in his own comedy1 ,calderon invested with such solemn and sublime dignity in ,la ,vida es ,sueno4 ,he found it1 as ,senor ,hartzenbusch points out in the edition of #ahgb already quoted1 in the very amusing ,viage ,entretenido of ,augustin de ,rojas1 which was first published in #afjc4 ,hartzenbusch refers to the modern edition of ,rojas1 ,madrid1 #agic1 tomo ,i1 pp4 #bfa1 #bfb1 #bfc1 but in a copy of the ,lerida edition of #afae1 in my own possession1 ,i find the anecdote at folios #aah1 #aai1 #abj4 ,there are some slight differences between the version of ,rojas and that of ,goulart1 but the incidents and the persons are the same4 ,the conclusion to which the artizan arrived at1 in the version of ,goulart1 that all had been a dream1 is expressed more strongly by the ,duke himself in the story as told by ,rojas4 ,y dijo entonces el ,duque3 'veis aqui1 amigos1 ,lo que es el ,mundo3 ,todo es un ,sueno1 pues esto verdaderamente ha pasado por este1 como habeis visto1 y le parece que lo ha sonado4' -- ,the story in all probability came originally from the ,east4 ,mr4 ,lane in his translation of the ,thousand and ,one ,nights gives a very interesting narrative which he believes to be founded on an historical fact in which ,haroun ,al ,raschid plays the part of the good ,duke of ,burgundy1 and ,abu-l-,hasan the original of ,christopher ,sly4 ,the gravity of the treatment and certain incidents in this ,oriental story recall more strongly ,calderon's drama than the ,induction to the ,taming of the ,shrew4 ,la ,vida es ,sueno was first published either at the end of #afce or beginning of #afcf4 ,the ,aprobacion for its publication along with eleven other dramas 7not nine as ,archbishop ,trench has stated71 was signed on the #fth of ,november in the former year by the official licenser1 ,juan ,bautista de ,sossa4 ,the volume was edited by the poet's brother1 ,don ,joseph ,calderon4 ,so scarce has this first authorised collection of any of ,calderon's dramas become1 that a ,spanish writer ,don ,vicente ,garcia de la ,huerta1 in his ,teatro ,espanol 7,parte ,segunda1 tomo #co71 denies the existence of this volume of #afce1 and states that it did not appear until #afdj4 ,as if to corroborate this view1 ,barrera in his ,catalogo del ,teatro antiguo ,espanol gives the date #afdj to the ,primera parte de comedias de ,calderon edited by his brother ,joseph4 ,there can be no doubt1 however1 that the volume appeared in #afce or #afcf as stated4 ,in #afcg ,don ,joseph ,calderon published the ,second ,part of his brother's dramas containing like the former volume twelve plays499 ,in his dedication of this volume to ,d4 ,rodrigo de ,mendoza1 ,joseph ,calderon expressly alludes to the ,first ,part of his brother's comedies which he had printed4 ,en la primera ,parte1 ,excellentissimo ,senor1 de las comedias que imprimi de ,don ,pedro ,calderon de ,la ,barca1 mi hermano1 etc4 ,this of course settles the fact of the prior publication of the first ,part4 ,it is singular1 however1 to find that the most famous of all ,calderon's dramas should have been frequently ascribed to ,lope de ,vega4 ,so late as #aheg it is given in an ,italian version by ,giovanni ,la ,cecilia1 under the title of ,la ,vita e un ,sogno1 as a drama of ,lope de ,vega1 with the date #afbh4 ,this of course is a mistake1 but ,senor ,hartzenbusch1 who makes no allusion to this circumstance1 admits that two dramas of ,lope de ,vega1 which it is presumed preceded the composition of ,calderon's play turn on very nearly the same incidents as those of ,la ,vida es ,sueno4 ,these are ,lo que ha de ser1 and ,barlan y ,josafa4 ,he gives a passage from each of these dramas which seem to be the germ of the fine lament of ,sigismund1 which the reader will find translated in the present volume4 footnote 99,in the library of the ,british ,museum there is a fine copy of this ,segunda ,parte de ,comedias de ,don ,pedro ,calderon de la ,barca ,madrid1 #afcg4 ,mr4 ,ticknor mentions 7#ahfc7 that he too had a copy of this interesting volume4 ,senor ,hartzenbusch1 in the edition of ,calderon's ,la ,vida es ,sueno1 already referred to 7,madrid1 #ahgb71 prints the passages from ,lope de ,vega's two dramas1 but in neither of them1 he justly remarks1 can we find anything that at all corresponds to this grandioso caracter de ,segismundo4 ,the second drama in this volume1 ,the ,wonderful ,magician1 is perhaps better known to poetical students in ,england than even the first1 from the spirited fragment ,shelley has left us in his ,scenes from ,calderon4 ,the preoccupation of a subject by a great master throws immense difficulties in the way of any one who ventures to follow in the same path3 but as ,shelley allowed himself great licence in his versification1 and either from carelessness or an imperfect knowledge of ,spanish is occasionally unfaithful to the meaning of his author1 it may be hoped in my own version that strict fidelity both as to the form as well as substance of the original may be some compensation for the absence of those higher poetical harmonies to which many of my readers will have been accustomed4 ,el ,magico ,prodigioso appeared for the first time in the same volume as ,la ,vida es ,sueno1 prepared for publication in #afce by ,don ,joseph ,calderon4 ,the translation is comprised in the same number of lines as the original1 and all the preceding remarks on ,life is a ,dream1 whether in reference to the period of the first publication of the drama in ,spain1 or the principles ,i kept in view while attempting this version may be applied to it4 ,as in the ,case of ,life is a ,dream1 ,the ,wonderful ,magician has previously been translated entire by an ,english writer1 7,justina1 by ,j4,h4 #ahdh72 but as ,archbishop ,trench truly observes1 the writer did not possess that command of the resources of the ,english language1 which none more than ,calderon requires4 ,the ,legend on which ,calderon founded ,el ,magico ,prodigioso will be found in ,surius1 ,de probatis ,sanctorum historiis1 t4 ,v4 7,col4 ,agr4 #aegd71 p4 #cea3 ,vita et ,martyrium ,,ss4 ,cypriani et ,justinae1 autore ,simeone ,metaphraste1 and in ,chapter cxlii1 of the ,legenda ,aurea of ,jacobus de ,voragine ,de ,sancta ,justina virgine4 ,the martyrdom of the ,saints took place in the year #bij1 and their festival is celebrated by the ,church on the #bfth of ,september4 ,mr4 ,ticknor in his ,history of ,spanish ,literature1 #ahfc1 volume ii4 p4 #cfi1 says that the ,wonder-working ,magician is founded on the same legend on which ,milman has founded his ',martyr of ,antioch4' ,this is a mistake of the learned writer4 ,the ,martyr of ,antioch is founded not on the history of ,st4 ,justina but of ,saint ,margaret1 as ,milman himself expressly states4 ,chapter xciii41 ,de ,sancta ,margareta1 in the ,legenda ,aurea of ,jacobus de ,voragine contains her story4 ,the third translation in this volume is that of ,the ,purgatory of ,st4 ,patrick4 ,this1 though perhaps not so famous as the two preceding dramas1 is intended to be given by ,don ,p4 ,de la ,escosura1 in a selection of ,calderon's finest comedias1 now being edited by him for the ,spanish ,academy1 as the representative piece of its class -- namely1 the mystical drama founded on the lives of ,saints4 ,mr4 ,ticknor prefers it to the more celebrated ,devotion of the ,cross1 and says that it is commonly ranked among the best religious plays of the ,spanish theatre in the seventeenth century4 ,in all that relates to the famous cave known through the middle ages as the ,purgatory of ,saint ,patrick1 as well as the ,story of ,luis ,enius -- the ,owain ,miles of ,ancient ,english poetry -- ,calderon was entirely indebted to the little volume published at ,madrid1 in #afbg1 by ,juan ,perez de ,montalvan1 entitled ,vida y ,purgatorio de ,san ,patricio4 ,this singular work met with immense success4 ,it went through innumerable editions1 and continues to be reprinted in ,spain as a chap-book1 down to the present day4 ,i have the fifth impression improved and enlarged by the author himself1 ,madrid1 #afbh1 the year after its first appearance3 also a later edition1 ,madrid1 #affd4 ,as early as #afcg a ,french translation appeared at ,brussels by ,f4 ,a4 ,s4 ,chartreux1 a ,bruxelles4 ,in #afdb a second ,french translation was published at ,troyes1 by ,r4 ,p4 ,francois ,bouillon1 de l',ordre de ,s4 ,francois1 et ,bachelier de ,theologie4 ,mr4 ,thomas ,wright in his ,essay on ,st4 ,patrick's ,purgatory1 ,london1 #ahdd1 makes the singular mistake of supposing that ,bouillon's ,histoire de la ,vie et ,purgatoire de ,s4 ,patrice was founded on the drama of ,calderon1 it being simply a translation of ,montalvan's ,vida y ,purgatorio1 from which1 like itself1 ,calderon's play was derived4 ,among other translations of ,montalvan's work may be mentioned one in ,dutch 7,brussels1 #affh7 and one in ,portuguese 7,lisbon1 #agch74 ,it was also translated into ,german and ,italian1 but ,i find no mention of an ,english version4 ,for this reason ,i have thought that a few extracts might be interesting1 as showing how closely ,calderon adhered even to the language of his predecessor4 ,in all that relates to the ,purgatory1 ,montalvan's work is itself chiefly compiled from the ,florilegium ,insulae ,sanctorum1 seu vitae et ,actae sanctorum ,hiberniae1 ,paris1 #afbd1 fol4 ,this work1 which has now become scarce1 was written by ,thomas ,messingham an ,irish priest1 the ,superior of the ,irish ,seminary in ,paris4 ,no complete ,english version appears to have been made of it1 but a small tract in ,english containing everything in the original work that referred to ,st4 ,patrick's ,purgatory was published at ,paris in #agah4 ,as this tract is perhaps more scarce than even the ,florilegium itself1 the account of the ,purgatory as given by ,messingham from the ,,ms4 of ,henry of ,saltrey is reprinted in the notes to this drama in the quaint language of the anonymous translator4 ,of this tract1 printed at ,paris in #agah without the name of author1 publisher or printer1 ,i have not been able to trace another copy4 ,in other points of interest connected with ,calderon's drama1 particularly to the clearing up of the difficulty hitherto felt as to the confused list of authorities at the end1 the reader is also referred to the notes4 ,the present version of ,the ,purgatory of ,saint ,patrick is1 with the exception of a few unimportant lines1 an entirely new translation4 ,it is made with the utmost care1 imitating all the measures and contained1 like the two preceding dramas1 in the exact number of lines of the original4 ,one passage of the translation which ,i published in #ahec is retained in the notes1 as a tribute of respect to the memory of the late ,john ,rutter ,chorley1 it having been mentioned with praise by that eminent ,spanish scholar in an elaborate review of my earlier translations from ,calderon1 which appeared in the ,athenaeum1 ,nov4 #ai and ,nov4 #bf1 #ahec4 ,it only remains to add that the text ,i have followed is that of ,hartzenbusch in his edition of ,calderon's ,comedias1 ,madrid1 #ahef 7,biblioteca de ,autores ,espanoles74 ,his arrangement of the scenes has been followed throughout1 thus enabling the reader in a moment to verify for himself the exactness of the translation by a reference to the original1 a crucial test which ,i rather invite than decline4 ,,clapham ,,park1 ,easter1 #ahgc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,purgatory ,,of ,,st4 ,,patrick4 ,,to ,,aubrey ,,de ,,vere1 ,,whose ,,legends ,,of ,,st4 ,,patrick ,,are ,,among ,,the ,,most ,,beautiful ,,of ,,english ,,poems1 ,,this ,,version ,,of ,,the ,,celebrated ,,legend ,,of ,,st4 ,,patrick',s ,,purgatory1 ,,as ,,told ,,by ,,calderon1 ,,is ,,affectionately ,,inscribed ,,by ,,the ,,author4 ,,persons4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,egerius1 ,king of ,ireland4 ,,patrick4 ,,luis ,,enius4 ,a ,,good ,,angel4 ,a ,,bad ,,angel4 ,,philip4 ,,leogaire4 ,a ,,captain4 ,,polonia1 ,daughter of the ,king4 ,,lesbia1 her ,sister4 ,,paul1 a ,peasant4 ,,lucy1 his ,wife4 ,two ,canons ,regular4 ,two ,peasants4 ,an ,old ,countryman4 ,a ,muffled ,figure4 ,attendants1 ,friars1 and others4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,scene passes in ,ireland1 in the ,court of ,king ,egerius1 and other parts4 ,,the ,,purgatory ,,of ,,saint ,,patrick4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,act ,,the ,,first4 ,,the ,,sea-,,shore1 ,,with ,,precipitous ,,cliffs4 ,,scene ,i4 ,the ,king ,,egerius1 clad in skins1 ,,leogaire1 ,,polonia1 ,,lesbia1 and a ,captain4 ,,king furious4 ,here let me die4 ,away6 ,,leogaire4 ,oh1 stop1 my lord6 ,,captain4 ,consider 4 4 4 ,,lesbia4 ,listen 4 4 4 ,,polonia4 ,stay 4 4 4 ,,king4 ,yes1 from this rocky height1 ,nigh to the sun1 that with one starry light ,its rugged brow doth crown1 ,headlong among the salt waves leaping down ,let him descend who so much pain perceives2 ,there let him raging die who raging lives4 ,,lesbia4 ,why wildly seekest thou the sea8 ,,polonia4 ,thou wert asleep1 my lord2 what could it be8 ,,king4 ,every torment that doth dwell ,for ever with the thirsty fiends of hell -- ,dark brood of that dread mother1 ,the seven-necked snake1 whose poisoned breath doth smother ,the fourth celestial sphere2 ,in fine1 its horror and its misery drear ,within me reach so far1 ,that ,i myself upon myself make war1 ,when in the arms of sleep ,a living corse am ,i1 for it doth keep ,such mastery o'er my life1 that1 as ,i dream1 ,a pale foreshadowing threat of coming death ,i seem4 ,,polonia4 ,how could a dream1 my lord1 provoke you so8 ,,king4 ,alas6 my daughters1 listen1 you shall know4 ,from out the lips of a most lovely youth 7,and though a miserable slave1 in sooth ,i dare not hurt him1 and ,i speak his praise71 ,well1 from the mouth of a poor slave1 a blaze ,of lambent lustre came1 ,which mildly burned in rays of gentlest flame2 ,till reaching you1 ,the living fire at once consumed ye two4 ,i stood betwixt ye both1 and though ,i sought ,to stay its fury1 the strange fire would not ,molest or wound me1 passing like the wind1 ,so that despairing1 blind1 ,i woke from out a deep abysm ,of dream1 a lethargy1 a paroxysm2 ,but find my pains the same1 ,for still it seems to me ,i see that flame1 ,and flying1 at every turn ,see you consumed2 but now ,i also burn499 footnote 99,the ,dream of ,egerius1 as given by ,calderon1 agrees substantially with ,jocelin's description1 and differs only in one slight particular 7the number of the flames7 from that in ,montalvan's ,vida y ,purgatorio de ,san ,patricio4 ,in the latter1 the name of the ,irish prince to whom ,patrick was sold is not given2 in ,jocelin he is called ,milcho4 ,calderon was either ignorant of this1 and gave the king a name that was purely imaginary1 or1 considering it less musical than he would wish1 gave him the more harmonious one of ,egerio4 ,the following is ,jocelin's version3 ,and ,milcho beheld a vision in the night3 and behold ,patrick entered his palace as all on fire1 and the flames1 issuing from his mouth1 and from his nose1 and from his eyes1 and from his ears1 seemed to burn him2 but ,milcho repelled from himself the flaming hair of the boy1 nor did it prevail to touch him any nearer2 but the flame1 being spread1 turned aside to the right and catching on his two little daughters1 who were lying in one bed1 burned them even to ashes3 then the south wind blowing strongly dispersed their ashes over many parts of ,ireland4 -- ,jocelin's ,life of ,st4 ,patrick1 translated by ,swift 7,dublin1 #ahjd71 pp4 #ag1 #ah4 ,,lesbia4 ,light phantoms these1 ,chimeras which an entrance find with ease ,into the dreamer's brain4 ,a trumpet sounds4 ,but wherefore sounds this trumpet8 ,,captain4 ,it is plain ,ships are approaching to our port below4 ,,polonia4 ,grant me thy leave1 great lord1 since thou dost know ,a trumpet in my ear ,sounds like a siren's voice1 serene and clear2 ,ever to war inclined1 ,in martial music my chief joy ,i find2 ,its clangour and its din ,lead my rapt senses on3 for ,i may win ,through it my highest fame1 ,when soaring to the sun on waves of flame1 ,or wings as swift1 my proud name shall ascend1 ,there it may be with ,pallas to contend4 ,aside4 ,a stronger motive urges me to go3 ,if it is ,philip's ship ,i wish to know4 ,exit4 ,,leogaire4 ,descend1 my lord1 with me ,down where the foam-curled head of the blue sea ,bows at the base of this majestic hill1 ,whose sands1 like chains of gold1 restrain its wilder will4 ,,captain4 ,let it divert thy care1 ,this snow-white monster fair1 ,whose waves of dazzling hue ,shape silver frames round mirrors sapphire blue4 ,,king4 ,nothing can give relief2 ,nothing can now divert me from my grief2 ,that mystic fire will give my life no rest1-- ,my heart an ,etna seems within my breast4 ,,lesbia4 ,is any sight more fair8 can aught surpass ,that of a vessel breaking through the glass ,of crystal seas1 and seeming there to be1 ,as with light share it cuts the azure mass1 ,a fish of the wind1 a swift bird of the sea1 ,and being for two elements designed1 ,flies in the wave and swims upon the wind8 ,but now no witchery ,were it to any eyes that sight to see2 ,for lo6 the roused-up ocean1 ,heaving with all its mountain waves in motion1 ,wrinkles its haughty brow1 ,and suddenly awaking1 ,neptune1 his trident shaking1 ,ruffles the beauteous face so sweet and calm but now4 ,well may the sailor in his floating home ,expect a storm1 for1 lo6 in heaven's high vault ,rise pyramids of ice1 mountains of salt1 ,turrets of snow1 and palaces of foam4 ,,polonia returns4 ,,polonia4 ,o dire misfortune6 ,,king4 ,what so suddenly ,has chanced1 ,polonia8 ,,polonia4 ,this inconstant sea1 ,this ,babel of wild waves that seeks heaven's gate1 ,so great its fury1 and its rage so great1 ,driven by a drought accursed1 7,who would have thought that waves themselves could thirst87 ,has swallowed in the depths of its dread womb1 ,but now1 a numerous company1 to whom ,it consecrates below ,red sepulchres of coral1 tombs of snow1 ,in silver-shining caves2 ,for from their prison out o'er all the waves ,has ,aeolus the winds let loose1 and they1 ,without a law to guide them on their way1 ,fell on that bark from which the trumpet rang1 ,a swan whose own sad obsequies it sang4 ,i from that cliff's stupendous height1 ,which dares to intercept the great sun's light1 ,looked full of hope along that vessel's track1 ,to see if it was ,philip who came back2 ,philip whose flag had borne upon the breeze ,thy royal arms triumphant through the seas2 ,when his sad wreck swept by1 ,and every sound was buried in a sigh1 ,his ruin seemed not wrought by seas or skies1 ,but by my lips and eyes1 ,because my cries1 the tears that made me blind1 ,increased still more the water and the wind4 ,,king4 ,how6 ye immortal deities1 ,would you still try by threatenings such as these ,what ,i can bear8 ,is it your wish that ,i should mount and tear ,this azure palace down1 as if the shape ,of a new ,nimrod99 ,i assumed1 to show ,how on my shoulders might the world escape1 ,nor as ,i gazed below ,feel any fear1 though all the abysses under ,were rent with fire and flame1 with lightning and with thunder4 footnote 99,nimrod is here used for ,atlas4 ,nimrod aber ist hier1 was den ,profandichtern und auch dem ,calderon oft ,atlas ist4 -- ,schmidt1 ',die ,schauspiele ,calderon's' etc41' p4 #dbf4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,ii4 ,,patrick1 and then ,,luis ,,enius4 ,,patrick within4 ,ah me6 ,,leogaire4 ,some mournful voice4 ,,king4 ,what's this8 ,,captain4 ,the form1 ,as of a man who has escaped the storm1 ,swims yonder to the land4 ,,lesbia4 ,and strives to give a life-sustaining hand ,unto another wretch1 when he ,appeared about to sink in death's last agony4 ,,polonia4 ,poor traveller from afar1 ,whom evil fate and thy malignant star ,on this far shore have cast1 ,let my voice guide thee1 if amid the blast ,my accents thou canst hear2 since it is only ,to rouse thy courage that ,i speak to thee4 ,come6 ,enter ,,patrick and ,,luis ,,enius1 clasping each other4 ,,patrick4 ,oh1 ,god save me6 ,,luis4 ,oh1 the devil save ,,me6 ,,lesbia4 ,they move my pity1 these unhappy two4 ,,king4 ,not mine1 for what it is ,i never knew4 ,,patrick4 ,oh1 sirs1 if wretchedness ,can move most hearts to pity man's distress1 ,i will not think that here ,a heart can be so cruel and severe ,as to repel a wretch from out the wave4 ,pity1 for ,god's sake1 at your feet ,i crave4 ,,luis4 ,i don't1 for ,i disdain it4 ,from ,god or man ,i never hope to gain it4 ,,king4 ,say who you are2 we then shall know ,what hospitable care your needs we owe4 ,but first ,i will inform you of my name1 ,lest ignorance of that perchance might claim ,exemption from respect1 and words be said ,unworthy of the deference and the dread ,that here my subjects show me1 ,or wanting the due homage that you owe me4 ,i am the ,king ,egerius1 ,the worthy lord of this small realm1 for thus ,i call it being mine2 ,till 'tis the world1 my sword shall not resign ,its valorous hope4 ,the dress1 ,not of a king1 but of wild savageness ,i wear3 to testify1 ,thus seeming a wild beast1 how wild am ,i4 ,no god my worship claims2 ,i do not even know the deities' names3 ,here they no service nor respect receive2 ,to die and to be born is all that we believe4 ,now that you know how much you should revere ,my royal state1 say who you are4 ,,patrick4 ,then hear3 ,patrick is my name1 my country ,ireland1 and an humble hamlet199 ,scarcely known to men1 called ,empthor19999 ,is my place of birth3 ,it standeth ,midway 'twixt the north and west1 ,on a mountain which is guarded ,as a prison by the sea1-- ,in the island which hereafter ,will be called the ,isle of ,saints1 ,to its glory everlasting2 ,such a crowd1 great lord1 therein ,will give up their lives as martyrs ,in religious attestation ,of the faith1 faith's highest marvel4 ,of an ,irish cavalier1 ,and of his chaste spouse and partner1 ,a ,french lady1 ,i was born1 ,unto whom ,i owe 7oh1 happy ,that 'twas so671 beyond my birthright ,of nobility1 the vantage ,of the ,christian faith1 the light ,of ,christ's true religion granted ,in the sacred rite of baptism1 ,which a mark indelibly stampeth ,on the soul1 heaven's gate1 as it ,is the sacrament first granted ,by the ,church4 ,my pious parents1 ,having thus the debt exacted ,from all married people paid ,by my birth1 retired thereafter ,to two separate convents1 where ,in the purity and calmness ,of their chaste abodes they lived1 ,till the fatal line of darkness1 ,ending life1 was reached1 and they1 ,fortified by every practice ,of the ,catholic faith1 in peace ,yielded up their souls in gladness1 ,unto heaven their spirits giving1 ,giving unto earth their ashes4 ,i1 an orphan1 then remained ,carefully and kindly guarded ,by a very holy matron1 ,underneath whose rule ,i hardly ,had completed one brief lustrum -- ,five short years had scarce departed -- ,five bright circles of the sun ,wheeling round on golden axles1 ,twelve high zodiac signs illuming ,and one earthly sphere1 when happened ,through me an event that showed ,god's omnipotence and marvels2 ,since of weakest instruments ,god makes use of1 to enhance his ,majesty the more1 to show ,that for what men think the grandest ,and most strange effects1 to ,him ,should alone the praise be granted4-- ,it so happened1 and ,heaven knoweth ,that it is not pride1 but rather ,pure religious zeal1 that men ,should know how the ,lord hath acted1 ,makes me tell it1 that one day ,to my doors a blind man rambled1 ,gormas was his name1 who said1 ,god who sends me here commands thee ,in ,his name to give me sight2 ,i1 obedient to the mandate1 ,made at once the sign of the cross ,on his sightless eyes1 that started ,into life and light once more ,from their state of utter darkness4 ,at another time when heaven1 ,muffled in the thickest1 blackest ,clouds1 made war upon the world1 ,hurling at it lightning lances ,of white snow1 which fell so thickly ,on a mountain1 that soon after ,they being melted by the sun1 ,so filled up our streets and alleys1 ,so inundated our houses1 ,that amid the wild waves stranded ,they were ships of bricks and stones1 ,barks of cement and of plaster4 ,who before saw waves on mountains8 ,who 'mid woods saw ships at anchor8 ,i the sign of the cross then made ,on the waters1 and in accents1 ,in a tone of grave emotion1 ,in ,god's name the waves commanded ,to retire3 they turned that moment ,and left dry the lands they ravaged4 ,oh1 great ,god6 who will not praise ,thee8 ,who will not confess ,thee ,master8-- ,other wonders ,i could tell you1 ,but my modesty throws shackles ,on my tongue1 makes mute my voice1 ,and my lips seals up and fastens4 ,i grew up1 in fine1 inclined ,less to arms than to the marvels ,knowledge can reveal3 ,i gave me ,almost wholly up to master ,sacred ,science1 to the reading ,of the ,lives of ,saints1 a practice ,which doth teach us faith1 hope1 zeal1 ,charity and ,christian manners4 ,in these studies thus immersed1 ,i one day approached the margin ,of the sea with some young friends1 ,fellow-students and companions1 ,when a bark drew nigh1 from which ,suddenly out-leaping landed ,armed men1 fierce pirates they1 ,who these seas1 these islands1 ravaged2 ,we at once were captives made1 ,and in order not to hazard ,losing us their prey1 they sailed ,out to sea with swelling canvas4 ,of this daring pirate boat ,philip de ,roqui was the captain1 ,in whose breast1 for his destruction1 ,pride1 the poisonous weed1 was planted4 ,he the ,irish seas and coast ,having thus for some days ravaged1 ,taking property and life1 ,pillaging our homes and hamlets2 ,but myself alone reserved ,to be offered as a vassal1 ,as a slave to thee1 ,o king6 ,in thy presence as he fancied4 ,oh6 how ignorant is man1 ,when of ,god's wise laws regardless1 ,when1 without consulting ,him1 ,he his future projects planneth6 ,philip well1 at sea might say so2 ,since to-day1 in sight of land here1 ,heaven the while being all serene1 ,mild the air1 the water tranquil1 ,in an instant1 in a moment1 ,he beheld his proud hopes blasted4 ,in the hollow-breasted waves ,roared the wind1 the sea grew maddened1 ,billows upon billows rolled ,mountain high1 and wildly dashed them ,wet against the sun1 as if ,they its light would quench and darken4 ,the poop-lantern of our ship ,seemed a comet most erratic -- ,seemed a moving exhalation1 ,or a star from space outstarted2 ,at another time it touched ,the profoundest deep sea-caverns1 ,or the treacherous sands whereon ,ran the stately ship and parted4 ,then the fatal waves became ,monuments of alabaster1 ,tombs of coral and of pearl4 ,i 7and why this boon was granted ,unto me by ,heaven ,i know not1 ,being so useless71 with expanded ,arms1 struck out1 but not alone ,my own life to save1 nay rather ,in the attempt to save this brave ,young man here1 that life to barter2 ,for ,i know not by what secret ,instinct towards him ,i'm attracted2 ,and ,i think he yet will pay me ,back this debt with interest added4 ,finally1 through ,heaven's great pity ,we at length have happily landed1 ,where my misery may expect it1 ,or my better fate may grant it2 ,since we are your slaves and servants1 ,that being moved by our disasters1 ,that being softened by our weeping1 ,our sore plight may melt your hardness1 ,our affliction force your kindness1 ,and our very pains command you4999999 footnote 99 ,the asonante in a -- e1 or their vocal equivalents1 commences here1 and is continued to the commencement of the speech of ,enius1 when it changes to the asonante in e -- e1 which is kept up through the remainder of the ,scene1 and to the end of ,scene ,,iii4 footnote 9999 ,empthor -- see note on this name4 footnote 999999 ,see note for some extracts from ,montalvan's ,vida y ,purgaterio de ,san ,patricio4 ,,king4 ,silence1 miserable ,christian1 ,for my very soul seems fastened ,on thy words1 compelling me1 ,how ,i know not1 to regard thee ,with strange reverence and fear1 ,thinking thou must be that vassal -- ,that poor slave whom in my dream ,i beheld outbreathing flashes1 ,saw outflashing living fire1 ,in whose flame1 so lithe and lambent1 ,my ,polonia and my ,lesbia ,like poor moths were burned to ashes4 ,,patrick4 ,know1 the flame that from my mouth ,issued1 is the true ,evangel1 ,is the doctrine of the ,gospel3-- ',tis the word which ,i'm commanded ,unto thee to preach1 ,o ,king6 ,to thy subjects and thy vassals1 ,to thy daughters1 who shall be ,christians through its means4 ,,king4 ,cease1 fasten ,thy presumptuous lips1 vile ,christian1 ,for thy words insult and stab me4 ,,lesbia4 ,stay6 ,,polonia4 ,and wilt thou in thy pity ,try to save him from his anger8 ,,lesbia4 ,yes4 ,,polonia4 ,forbear1 and let him die4 ,,lesbia4 ,thus to die by a king's hands here ,were unjust4 ,aside4 7,it is my pity ,for these ,christians prompts my answer47 ,,polonia4 ,if this second ,joseph then1 ,like the first one1 would unravel1 ,would interpret the king's dreams1 ,do not dread the result1 my father2 ,for if my being seen to burn ,indicates in any manner ,i should ever be a ,christian1 ,as impossible a marvel ,such would be1 as if1 being dead1 ,i could rise and live thereafter4 ,but in order that your mind ,may be turned from such just anger1 ,let us hear now who this other ,stranger is4 ,,luis4 ,then be attentive1 ,beautiful divinity1 ,for my history thus commences3-- ,great ,egerius1 ,king of ,ireland1 ,i by name am ,luis ,enius1 ,and a ,christian also1 this ,being the sole point of resemblance ,betwixt ,patrick and myself1 ,yet a difference presenting3 ,for although we two are ,christians1 ,so distinct and so dissevered ,are we1 that not good from evil ,is more opposite in its essence4 ,yet for all that1 in defence ,of the faith ,i believe and reverence1 ,i would lose a thousand lives 7,such the esteem for it ,i cherish74 ,yes1 by ,god6 ,the oath alone ,shows how firmly ,i confess ,him4 ,i no pious tales or wonders1 ,worked in my behalf by ,heaven1 ,have to speak of3 no2 dark crimes1 ,robberies1 murders1 sacrileges1 ,treasons1 treacheries1 betrayals1 ,must ,i tell instead1 however ,vain it be in me to glory ,in my having such effected4 ,i in one of ,ireland's many ,isles was born2 the planets seven1 ,i suspect1 in wild abnormal ,interchange of influences1 ,must have at my hapless birth-time ,all their various gifts presented4 ,fickleness the ,moon implanted ,in my nature2 subtle ,hermes ,with and genius ill-employed2 7,better ne'er to have possessed them72 ,wanton ,venus gave me passions -- ,all the flatteries of the senses1 ,and stern ,mars a cruel mind 7,mars and ,venus both together ,what will they not give872 the ,sun ,gave to me an easy temper1 ,prone to spend1 and when means failed me ,theft and robbery were my helpers2 ,jupiter presumptuous pride1 ,thoughts fantastic and unfettered1 ,gave me2 ,saturn1 rage and anger1 ,valour and a will determined ,on its ends2 and from such causes ,followed the due consequences4 ,here from ,ireland being banished1 ,by a cause ,i do not mention ,through respect to him1 my father ,came to ,perpignan1 and settled ,in that ,spanish town1 when ,i ,scarce my first ten years had ended1 ,and when sixteen came1 he died4 ,may ,god rest his soul in heaven6-- ,orphaned1 ,i remained the prey ,of my passions and my pleasures1 ,o'er whose tempting plain ,i ran ,without rein or curb to check me4 ,the two poles of my existence1 ,on which all the rest depended ,for support1 were play and women4 ,what a base on which to rest me6 ,here my tongue would not be able ,to acquaint you 'in extenso' ,with my actions3 a brief abstract ,may1 however1 be attempted4 ,i1 to outrage a young maiden1 ,stabbed to death a noble elder1 ,her own father3 for the sake ,of his wife1 a most respected ,cavalier ,i slew1 as he ,lay beside her in the helpless ,state of sleep1 his honour bathing ,in his blood1 the bed presenting ,a sad theatre of crimes1 ,murder and adultery blended4 ,thus the father and the husband ,life for honour's sake surrendered2 ,for even honour has its martyrs4 ,may ,god rest their souls in heaven6-- ,dreading punishment for this1 ,i fled hastily1 and entered ,france1 where my exploits1 methinks1 ,time will cease not to remember2 ,for1 assisting in the wars ,which at that time were contended ,bravely betwixt ,france and ,england1 ,i took military service ,under ,stephen1 the ,french king1 ,and a fight which chance presented ,showed my courage to be such1 ,that the king himself1 as guerdon ,of my valour1 gave to me ,the commission of an ensign4 ,how that debt ,i soon repaid1 ,i prefer not now to tell thee4 ,back to ,perpignan1 thus honoured1 ,i returned1 and having entered ,once a guard-house there to play1 ,for some trifle ,i lost temper1 ,struck a serjeant1 killed a captain1 ,and maimed others there assembled4 ,at the cries from every quarter ,speedily the watch collected1 ,and in flying to a church1 ,as they hurried to prevent me1 ,i a catch-pole killed4 7',twas something ,one good work to have effected ',mid so many that were bad47 ,may ,god rest his soul in heaven6-- ,far ,i fled into the country1 ,and asylum found and shelter ,in a convent of religious1 ,which was founded in that desert1 ,where ,i lived retired and hidden1 ,well taken care of and attended4 ,for a lady there1 a nun1 ,was my cousin1 which connection ,gave to her the special burden ,of this care4 ,my heart already ,being a basilisk which turned ,all the honey into venom1 ,passing swiftly from mere liking ,to desire -- that monster ever ,feeding on the impossible -- ,living fire that with intensest ,fury burns when most opposed -- ,flame the wind revives and strengthens1 ,false1 deceitful1 treacherous foe ,which doth murder its possessor -- ,in a word1 desire in him1 ,who nor ,god nor law respecteth1 ,of the horrible1 of the shocking1 ,thinks but only to attempt it4-- ,yes1 ,i dared 4 4 4 4 ,but here disturbed1 ,when1 my lord1 ,i this remember1 ,mute the voice in horror fails1 ,sad the accent faints and trembles1 ,and as 'mid the night's dark shadows1 ,the hair stands on end through terror2 ,thus confused1 so full of doubt1 ,sad remembrance so o'erwhelms me1 ,that the thing ,i dared to do ,i scarce dare in words to tell thee4 ,for1 in fine1 my crime is such1 ,so to be abhorred1 detested1 ,so profane1 so sacrilegious 7,strange upon thee so to press it71 ,that for having such committed ,i at times feel some repentance4 ,well1 in fine1 ,i dared one night1 ,when deep silence had erected ,sepulchres of fleeting sleep ,for men's overwearied senses1 ,when a dark and cloudy veil ,heaven had o'er its face extended -- ,mourning which the wind assumed ,for the sun whose life had ended -- ,in whose obsequies the night-birds ,swan-notes sang instead of verses1 ,and when back from waves of sapphire1 ,where their beauty was reflected1 ,the clear stars a second time ,trembling lights to heaven presented3-- ,well1 on such a night1 by climbing ,o'er the garden wall1 ,i entered ,with the assistance of two friends 7,for when such things are attempted ,an associate never fails71 ,and in horror and in terror1 ,seeking in the dark my death1 ,reached at length the cell 7,i tremble ,to remember it7 in which ,was my cousin1 whom respectful ,silence bids me not to name1 ,though all self-respect has left me4 ,frightened at such nameless horror1 ,on the hard floor she fell senseless1 ,when she passed into my arms1 ,and ere she regained her senses1 ,she already was outside ,her asylum1 in a desert1 ,when if heaven possessed the power1 ,it had not the will to help her4 ,women1 when they are persuaded ,that the wildest of excesses ,are the effects of love1 forgive them ,easily2 and1 therefore1 pleasure ,following tears1 some consolation ,in her miseries was effected2 ,though1 in fact1 they were so great1 ,that united in one person ,she saw violence1 violation1 ,incest1 nay1 adultery even1 ,against ,god who was her spouse1 ,and a sacrilege most dreadful4 ,finally we left that place1 ,being carried to ,valencia ,by two steeds that well might claim ,from the winds to be descended3 ,feigning that she was my wife1 ,but with little peace we dwelt there2 ,for ,i quickly having squandered ,whatsoever little treasure ,i brought with me1 without friends1 p #bfj ,without any hope of help there1 ,in my dire distress appealed ,to the beauty still so perfect ,of my poor pretended wife3 ,if for aught ,i did ,i ever ,could feel shame1 this act alone ,would most surely overwhelm me2 ,since it is the lowest baseness ,that the vilest breast descends to1 ,to put up to sale one's honour1 ,and to trade in love's caresses4 ,scarce with shameless front had ,i ,this base plan to her suggested1 ,when concealing her design ,she gave seeming acquiescence2 ,but ,i scarce had turned my back1 ,hardly had ,i left her presence1 ,when she1 flying from me1 found ,grace a convent's walls to enter4 ,there1 a holy monk advising1 ,she a saving port and shelter ,found against the world's wild storms1 ,and there died1 her sin1 her penance1 ,giving all a great example2 ,may ,god rest her soul in heaven6-- ,seeing that the narrow world ,now took note of my offences1 ,and that soon the very land ,might reject me1 ,i determined ,to re-seek my native country2 ,for at least ,i there expected ,to be safer from my foes1 ,in a place so long my centre ,and my home4 ,the way ,i took ,and to ,ireland came1 which welcomed ,me at first as would a mother1 ,but a step-mother resembled ,before long1 for seeking a passage ,where a harbour lay protected ,by a mole1 ,i found that corsairs ,lay concealed within the shelter ,of a little creek which his ,out of view their well-armed vessel4 ,and of these1 their captain1 ,philip1 ,took me prisoner1 after efforts ,made in my defence so brave1 ,that in deference to the mettle ,i displayed1 my life he spared4 ,what ensured you know already1 ,how the wind in sudden anger ,rising into raging tempest1 ,now chastised us in its pride1 ,now our lives more cruelly threatened1 ,making in the seas and mountains ,such wild ruin and resemblance1 ,that to mock the mountain's pride ,waves still mightier forms presented1 ,which with catapults of crystal ,made the cliffs' foundations tremble1 ,so that neighbouring cities fell1 ,and the sea1 in scornful temper1 ,gathering up from its abysses ,the munition it collecteth1 ,fired upon the land its pearls ,in their shells1 wherein engendered ,by the swift breath of the morning ,in its dew1 they shine resplendent ,tears of ice and fire2 in fine1 ,not in pictures so imperfect ,all our time to waste1 the crew ,went to sup in the infernal ,halls themselves2 ,i1 too1 a guest ,would have equally attended ,with them1 if this ,patrick1 here1 ,whom ,i know not why ,i reverence1 ,looking with respect and fear ,on his beauteous countenance ever1 ,had not drawn me from the sea1 ,where1 exhausted1 sinking1 helpless1 ,i drank death in every draught1 ,agony in each salt wave's venom4 ,this my history is1 and now ,i wish neither life nor mercy1 ,neither that my pains should move thee1 ,nor my asking should compel thee1 ,save in this1 to give me death1 ,that thus may the life be ended ,of a man who is so bad1 ,that he scarcely can be better499 footnote 99,see note as to ,montalvan's invention of this story4 ,,king4 ,luis1 though thou art a ,christian1 ,which by me is most detested1 ,yet ,i so admire thy courage ,that ,i wish1 before all present1 ,between thee and him to show ,how my power can be exerted1 ,how it punishes as rewards1 ,how it elevates and depresses4 ,and so thus my arms ,i give thee1 ,that within them thus extended ,thou may'st reach my heart2 to thee ,thus beneath my feet to tread thee2 ,he throws ,,patrick on the ground and places his foot upon him4 ,the two actions signifying ,how the heavier scale descendeth4 ,and that1 ,patrick1 thou may'st see ,how ,i value or give credit ,to thy threats1 thy life ,i spare4 ,vomit forth the flame incessant ,of the so-called word of ,god1 ,that by this thou may'st be certain ,i do not adore his ,godship1 ,nor his miracles have dread of4 ,live then2 but in such a state ,of poor1 mean1 and abject service1 ,as befits a useless hind ,in the fields2 and so as shepherd ,i would have thee guard my flocks1 ,which are in these vales collected4 ,let us see1 if for the purpose ,of this mystic fire outspreading1 ,being my slave1 thy ,god will free thee ,from captivity and thy fetters4 ,exit4 ,,lesbia4 ,patrick moves my heart to pity4 ,exit4 ,,polonia4 ,not so mine1 for none ,i cherish4 ,had ,i any1 none would move me ,sooner than this ,luis ,enius499 ,exit4 footnote 99,it is difficult to account for ,calderon giving the name of ,egerio to the ,king of ,ireland1 when he bestows the proper one -- ,leogaire -- on an inferior character4 ,the name of the ,king of ,montalvan4 ,era ,rey de aquella1 y de otras islas comarcanas ,leogardo1 hijo de ,neil4 -- ,cap4 ,i41 p4 #ai1 ed4 #afbh4 ,calderon had to invent names for the king's daughters1 as he did not find them in ,montalvan4 ,in the ,book of ,armagh they are called ,ethne the fair and ,fedelm the ruddy4 -- ,todd1 p4 #dea4 ,miss ,cusack gives the names ,ethna and ,fethlema4 -- ,life of ,st4 ,patrick1 p4 #bia4 ,of their baptism1 the distinguished poet to whom this drama is dedicated1 has thus sung3-- ,they knelt3 on their heads the wave he poured ,thrice1 in the name of the ,triune ,lord3 ,and their foreheads he signed with the ,sign adored4 ,on ,fedelm the ',red ,rose1' on ,ethna ',the ,fair1' ,god's dew shone bright in that morning air4 - ,,aubrey ,,de ,,vere',s ,legends of ,st4 ,patrick4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,iii4 ,,patrick and ,,luis4 ,,patrick4 ,luis1 though a low position ,mine is here1 and ,i observe thee ,raised to fortune's highest summit1 ,yet ,i feel more grief than envy ,at thy rise4 ,thou art a ,christian2 ,show thyself one now in earnest4 ,,luis4 ,patrick1 let me now enjoy ,the first favours fate has sent me ,after so much sad misfortune4 ,,patrick4 ,one word1 then 7if thou wilt let me ,so presume71 ,i ask of thee4 ,,luis4 ,what is that8 ,,patrick4 ,upon this earth here1 ,once again1 alive or dead1 ,that we two shall meet together4 ,,luis4 ,such a word dost ask me8 ,,patrick4 ,yes4 ,,luis4 ,then ,i give it4 ,,patrick4 ,i accept it4 ,exeunt4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,iv4 ,a ,,hamlet ,,near ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,egerius4 ,,philip and ,,lucy4 ,,lucy4 ,pardon1 if ,i have not known ,how to serve you as ,i ought4 ,,philip4 ,for much more than you have thought ,must you my forgiveness own4 ,for when ,i your kind face view1 ,pain and pleasure being at war1 ,i have much to thank you for1 ,and have much to pardon too4 ,thanks1 with which my heart is rife1 ,are for life restored and breath2 ,pardon1 for you give me death1 ,as before you gave me life4 ,,lucy4 ,for such flattering declarations ,rude and ignorant am ,i1 ,so my arms will give reply2 ,which gets rid of explanations4 ,let their silent interfacing ,figure what my words should be4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,v4 ,,paul4 -- ,,the ,,same4 ,,paul aside4 ,eh1 sirs6 what is this ,i see8 ,some one here my wife's embracing4 ,what's to do8 ,i burn1 ,i burst4 ,kill her8 ,yes4 ',twas fortune sent me4 ,one thing only doth prevent me1 ,which is1 she might kill me first4 ,,philip4 ,for your hospitable care1 ,beauteous mountaineer1 ,i would ,that this ring's bright diamond could ,far outshine a star of air4 ,,lucy4 ,think me not a woman who ,lives intent her gain to make2 ,but ,i take it for your sake4 ,,paul4 aside'4 ,what ,i wonder should ,i do8 ,but if ,i'm her husband1 then1 ,as ,i saw him give the ring1 ,silence is the proper thing4 ,,lucy4 ,in these arms ,i once again ,give to you my soul1 for ,i ,have no other ring or chain4 ,,philip4 ,where ,i ever could remain3-- ,for such sweet captivity ,lures me from the miseries ,of remembering my sad fate1 ,caused1 as you have seen1 so late1 ,by these crystalline blue seas4 ,,paul aside4 ,what6 a new embrace6 ,halloo6 ,don't you see1 sir1 ,od's my life1 ,that this woman is my wife8 ,,philip4 ,here's your husband full in view2 ,he has seen us4 ,i must straight ,leave you and return -- ,aside4 ,ah1 me6 ,couldst thou this1 ,polonia1 see1 ,thou mightst mourn1 perhaps1 the state ,unto which ,i see me doomed4 ,and4 ,o heaven-aspiring sea1 ,say in what vast depths can be ,all the lives thou hast entombed8 ,exit4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,vi4 ,,paul and ,,lucy2 afterwards ,,philip4 ,,paul aside4 ,as he's gone1 ,i'll louder speak4-- ,this time1 ,lucy mine1 ,i've caught you1 ,so a present ,i have brought you3 ,see this window-bar1 'twill wreak ,my revenge4 ,,lucy4 ,oh1 how malicious6 ,bless me1 grumbler1 what grimaces6 ,,paul4 ,then to witness two embraces ,does not look at all suspicious8-- ,was it malice1 then1 in me1 ,not plain seeing8 ,,lucy4 ,malice merely3 ,for a husband1 how so nearly ,he may pry1 should never see ,more than half his wife doth do4 ,,paul4 ,well1 with that ,i'm quite content1 ,to that condition ,i assent1 ,and since twice embraced by you ,has that rascal soldier been1 ,whom the sea spewed out in spite1 ,i will juggle with my sight1 ,and pretend but once to have seen2 ,and as ,i for two embraces ,meant to give a hundred blows1 ,i but fifty now propose ,for one half of my disgraces4 ,i have totted up the score2 ,you yourself the sentence gave2 ,yes1 by ,god ,i swear1 you'll have ,fifty strokes and not one more4 ,,lucy4 ,i've admitted far too much4 ,for a husband it would be ,quite preposterous2 he should see ,but the quarter4 ,,paul4 ,even as such ,i acknowledge the appeal4 ,patience1 and your back prepare1 ,for the now admitted share1 ,five-and-twenty blows you'll feel4 ,,lucy4 ,no1 not so2 you're still astray4 ,,paul4 ,then say what8 ,,lucy4 ,between us two1 ,you're to trust not what you view1 ,but what ,i am pleased to say4 ,,paul4 ,better far1 ,i think1 'twould be1 ,daughter of the devil1 that you ,held the stick and used it too1 ,with it well belabouring me2 ,is't agreed what ,i propose8 ,yes2 then let us both change places4 ,give to him the two embraces1 ,and to me the hundred blows4 ,,philip returns4 ,,philip aside4 ,has the peasant gone1 ,i wonder8 ,,paul4 ,at the nick of time you're here1 ,so1 ,sir ,soldier1 lend an ear4 ,obligation ,i am under ,for the favours you have meant ,to bestow so liberally ,on my cot1 my wife1 and me2 ,and although ,i'm well content ,with you1 yet as you're progressing ,day by day and getting stronger1 ,it is best you stay no longer4 ,take the road1 then1 with ,god's blessing1 ,leave my house1 for it would be ,sad in it to raise my hand1 ,leaving you dead flesh on land ,who wert living fish at sea4 ,,philip4 ,the suspicion that you show ,is quite groundless1 do not doubt it4 ,,paul4 ,zounds6 with reason or without it1 ,am ,i married1 sir1 or no8 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,vii4 ,,leogaire1 an ,old ,peasant1 and ,,patrick4 ,,leogaire4 ,so 'tis ordered1 and that he ,serving here from day to day1 ,in the open field should stay4 ,,old ,,man4 ,yes2 ,i say it so shall be4 ,,leogaire4 ,but who's this8 ,o happiness6 ,since 'tis ,philip's form ,i greet4 ,mighty lord1 ,i kiss thy feet4 ,,paul4 ,mighty lord does he call him8 ,,lucy4 ,yes4 ,now lay on the blows you owe4 ,now1 friend ,paul1 the moment charms4 ,,philip4 ,give me1 good ,leogaire1 your arms4 ,,leogaire4 ,honour in them you bestow4 ,is it possible1 once more ,that alive ,i see thee8 ,,philip4 ,here1 ,trophy of a fate severe1 ,the sea flung me on this shore1 ,where1 their willing aid secured1 ,i have lived these peasants' guest1 ,till ,i could repair with rest ,all the sufferings ,i endured4 ,and1 besides1 ,i thought with dread ,on the angry disposition ,of the king3 for his ambition ,when has it or bowed the head1 ,or with patience heard related ,the sad tragedies of fate8 ,hopeless and disconsolate ,in this solitude ,i've waited1 ,till some happy chance might rise ,when no longer ,i should grieve1 ,and the king would give me leave ,to appear before his eyes4 ,,leogaire4 ,that already has been given thee2 ,for so sad was he1 believing ,thou wert dead1 so deep his grieving1 ,all the past will be forgiven thee ,since thou livest4 ,come with me1 ,fortune will once more embrace thee1-- ,in his favour to replace thee ,let my happy privilege be4 ,,paul4 ,for that late unseemly brawl ,see me humbly bending low2 ,you1 my lord ,prince ,philip1 know ,that ,i am one ,juan ,paul4 ,my suspicion and abuse ,pray forgive1 your majesty1 ,think that what ,i said to thee ,was but cackled by a goose4 ,at your service1 night and day1 ,are whatever goods ,i've got -- ,lucy here1 myself and cot2 ,and ,god bless us all1 ,i pray4 ,,philip4 ,for your hospitality ,i am grateful1 and ,i trust ,to repay it4 ,,paul4 ,if you must1 ,let the first instalment be ,just to take my wife away4 ,thurs you will reward us two2 ,she'll be glad to go with you1 ,i1 without her1 glad to stay4 ,exeunt ,,philip and ,,leogaire4 ,,lucy aside4 ,was there ever love so vain ,as is mine1 a brief caress ,cradled in forgetfulness8 ,,old ,,man4 ,juan ,paul1 as we remain ,here alone1 'twere well to greet ,as a friend this labourer1 ,newly sent us4 ,,patrick4 ,nay1 good sir1 ,i'm a slave1 and ,i entreat ,that as such you understand me2 ,i1 the lowest of the low1 ,hither come to serve1 and so ,i implore that you command me ,as a slave1 since ,i am one4 ,,old ,,man4 ,oh1 what modesty6 ,,paul4 ,what humility6 ,,lucy4 ,what good looks1 too1 and gentility6 ,i1 in truth1 can't help being drawn ,by his face4 ,,paul4 ,came ever here 7,this is quite between us two7 ,any wandering stranger who ,did not draw you so1 my dear8 ,eh1 my ,lucy8 ,,lucy4 ,boorish1 base1 ,is your vile insinuation ',gains my innocent inclination ,for the whole of the human race6 ,exit4 ,,old ,,man4 ,to your sharpness and good will1 ,paul1 ,i trust a thing that may ,cost my life4 ,,paul4 ,then don't delay4 ,tell it1 since you know my skill4 ,,old ,,man4 ,this new slave that here you see1 ,i suspect is not secure1 ,and ,i hasten to procure ,means by which he more may be4 ,for the present ,i confide him ,to your care1 by day or night ,let him not escape your sight1 ,ever watchful keep beside him4 ,exit4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,viii4 ,,patrick and ,,paul4 ,,paul aside4 ,i'm to keep what you discarded6 ,good in faith6-- ,to ,,patrick ,behold in me ,your strict guard2 in you ,i see ,the sole thing ,i ever guarded ,in my life2 with such a care ,i can neither sleep nor eat4 ,if you wish to use your feet ,you can go1 your road lies there4 ,nay1 in flying quickly hence ,you to me a good will do1 ,since my care will fly with you4 ,go in peace4 ,,patrick4 ,with confidence ,you may trust me1 for ,i'm not1 ,though a slave1 a fugitive4 ,lord6 how gladly do ,i live ,in this solitary spot1 ,where my soul in raptured prayer ,may adore ,thee1 or in trance ,see the living countenance ,of ,thy prodigies so rare6 ,human wisdom1 earlthly lore1 ,solitude reveals and reaches2 ,what diviner wisdom teaches ,in it1 too1 ,i would explore4 ,,paul4 ,tell me1 talking thus apart1 ,who it is on whom you call8 ,,patrick4 ,great primeval cause of all1 ,thou1 ,o ,lord1 in all things art6 ,these blue heavens1 these crystal skies ,formed of dazzling depths of light1 ,in which sun1 moon1 stars unite1 ,are they not but draperies ,hung before ,thy heavenly land8-- ,the discordant elements1 ,water1 fire1 earth1 air immense1 ,prove they not ,thy master hand8 ,or in dark or brightsome hours1 ,praise they not ,thy power and might8 ,o'er the earth dost ,thou not write ,in the characters of flowers ,thy great goodness8 ,and the air1 ,in reverberating thunder1 ,does it not in fear and wonder ,say1 ,o ,lord1 that ,thou art there8 ,are not1 too1 ,thy praises sung ,by the fire and water -- each ,dowered for this divinest speech1 ,with tongue the wave1 the flame with tongue8 ,here1 then1 in this lonely place ,i1 ,o ,lord1 may better be1 ,since in all things ,i find ,thee4 ,thou hast given to me the grace ,of ,obedience1 ,faith1 and ,fear2 ,as a slave1 then1 let me stay1 ,or remove me where ,i may ,serve ,thee truly1 if not here499 ,an ,angel descends1 holding in one hand a shield in which is a mirror1 and in the other hand a letter4 footnote 99,for the earlier version of this prayer1 see ,note4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,ix4 ,an ,angel4 -- ,,the ,,same4 ,,angel4 ,patrick6 ,,patrick4 ,ah6 who calls me8 ,,paul4 ,why1 ,no one calls4 ,aside4 ,the man is daft1 ,poetry should be his craft4 ,,angel4 ,patrick6 ,,patrick4 ,ah6 who calls me8 ,,angel4 ,i4 ,,paul aside4 ,who he speaks to1 ,i can't see4 ,well1 to stop his speech were hard1 ,i'm not here his mouth to guard4 ,exit4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,x4 ,the ,angel and ,,patrick4 ,,patrick4 ,ah6 it cannot be to me ,comes such glory6 ,for1 behold6 ,pearl and rosy dawn in one1 ,shines a cloud1 from which its sun ,breaks in crimson and in gold6 ,living stars its robe adorning1 ,rose and jasmine sweetly blended1 ,dazzling comes that vision splendid1 ,scattering purple pomps of morning4 ,,angel4 ,,patrick6 ,,patrick4 ,sunlight strikes me blind6 ,heavenly ,lord1 who canst thou be8 ,,angel4 ,i am ,victor1 whom to thee ,god thy angel-guard assigned3 ,with this scroll1 to give it thee ,gives him the letter4 ,i am sent4 ,,patrick4 ,sweet messenger1 ,paranymph of all things fair1 ,who amidst the hierarchy ,of the highest hosts of heaven ,singest in melodious tone -- ,glory unto ,thee alone1 ,holy1 ,holy ,lord1 be given6 ,,angel4 ,read the letter4 ,,patrick4 ,with amaze1 ,i see here ,to ,patrick ,oh1 ,can a slave be honoured so8 ,,angel4 ,open it4 ,,patrick4 ,it also says -- ,patrick6 ,patrick6 hither come1 ,free us from our slavery6-- ,more it means than ,i can see1 ,since ,i do not know by whom ,i am called4 ,oh1 faithful guide1 ,speedily dispel my error6 ,,angel4 ,look into this shining mirror4 ,,patrick4 ,heavens6 ,,angel4 ,what seest thou inside8 ,,patrick4 ,numerous people there seem thronging1 ,old men1 children1 women1 who ,seem to call me4 ,,angel4 ,nor do you ,stay1 but satisfy their longing4 ,you behold the ,irish nation1 ,who expect to hear ,god's truth ,from your lips4 ,oh1 chosen youth1 ,leave your slavery4 ,the vocation ,god has given thee is to sow ,faith o'er all the ,irish soil4 ,there as ,legate thou shalt toil1 ,ireland's great ,apostle4 ,go ,first to ,france1 to ,german's home1 ,the good bishop3 there thou'lt make ,thy profession3 there thou'lt take ,the monk's habit1 and to ,rome ,pass1 where letters thou'lt procure ,for that mighty work of thine1 ,in the bulls of ,celestine3 ,thou wilt visit1 then1 in ,tours ,martin1 the great bishop there4 ,now upborne upon the wind ,come with me1 for thou wilt find ,god has given with prescient care ,his commands to all1 that so ,fitly thy great work be done2 ,but 'tis time we should be gone3 ,let us on our journey go4 ,they disappear4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,act ,,the ,,second4 ,,hall ,,of ,a ,,tower ,,in ,,the ,,palace ,,of ,,egerius4 ,,scene ,i4 ,,luis and ,,polonia ,,luis4 ,yes1 ,polonia1 yes1 for he ,who betrays inconstancy ,has no reason for complaining ,that another love is gaining ,on his own2 that fault will be ,ever punished so4 ,for who ,proudly soars that doth not fall8 ,therefore 'tis that ,i forestall ,philip's love howe'er so true4 ,he is nobler to the view1 ,as one nobly born may be2 ,but in that nobility1 ,which one's self can win and wear1 ,i with justice may declare ,i am nobler far than he2 ,i more honour have obtained ,than on ,philip's cradle rained3 ,let the fact excuse the boast1 ,for this land from coast to coast ,rings with victories ,i have gained4 ,three years is it since ,i came ,to these isles 7it seems a day72 ,three swift years have rolled away ,since ,i made it my chief aim ,thee to serve -- my highest fame4 ,trophies numerous as the sand1 ,mars might envy1 has my hand ,won for thy great sire and thee -- ,being the wonder of the sea1 ,and th' amazement of the land4 ,,polonia4 ,luis1 yes1 thy gallant bearing1 ,or inherited or acquired1 ,has within my breast inspired ,a strange fear1 a certain daring1-- ,ah1 ,i know not if1 declaring ,this1 'tis love1 for blushes rise ,at perceiving with surprise ,that at last hath come the hour1 ,when my heart must own the power ,of a deity ,i despise4 ,this alone ,i'll say1 that here ,long thy hope had been fruition1 ,but that ,i the disposition ,of the king1 my father1 fear1 ,but still hope and persevere4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,ii4 ,,philip4 -- ,,the ,,same4 ,,philip aside4 ,if to find my death ,i come1 ,why precipitate my doom8 ,but so patient who could be ,as to not desire to see ,what impends1 how dark its gloom8 ,,luis4 ,then1 what pledge may ,i demand ,of your faith8 ,,polonia4 ,this hand4 ,,philip4 ,not so1 ,how to hinder it ,i shall know2 ,more of this ,i must withstand4 ,,polonia4 ,woe is me6 ,,philip4 ,wilt give thy hand to this outcast of the wave8 ,and1 oh thou1 to whom pride gave ,the presumption to aspire ,to a sun's celestial fire1 ,knowing that thou wert my slave1 ,why thus dare to come between ,me and mine8 ,,luis4 ,because ,i dare ,be what now ,i am1 nor care ,more to be what ,i have been4 ,it is true that ,i was seen ,once your slave3 for who1 indeed1 ,can the fickle wheel control8 ,but in nobleness of soul ,the best blood of all your breed ,i can equal1 nay1 exceed4 ,,philip4 ,exceed ,,me8 ,vile homicide6 ,wretch 4 4 4 4 ,,luis4 ,in having thus replied ,you have made a slight mistake4 ,,philip4 ,no4 ,,luis4 ,if such you did not make1 ,you've done worse4 ,,philip4 ,say1 what8 ,,luis4 ,you've lied6 ,,philip4 ,villain6 traitor ,strikes him in the face4 ,,polonia4 ,oh1 ye skies6 ,,luis4 ,for so many injuries ,why not instant vengeance take1 ,when volcanic fires awake ,in my breast1 and hell-flames rise8 ,they draw their swords4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,iii4 ,,egerius and soldiers4 -- ,,the ,,same4 ,,king4 ,what is this8 ,,luis4 ,a lasting woe1 ,a misfortune1 an abuse1 ,a sharp pain1 a fiend let loose ,from the infernal pit below4 ,let no one presume to go ',twixt me and revenge4 ,reflect1 ,fury breathes immortal breath1 ,vengeance has no fear of death1 ,nor for any man respect4 ,i my honour must protect4 ,,king4 ,seize him4 ,,luis4 ,let the man who sighs ,for his death obey6 ,you'll see ,how the boldest fares1 for he1 ,even before your very eyes1 ,shall be slain4 ,,king4 ,that this should rise6-- ,follow him4 ,,luis4 ,in desperate mood1 ,plunging headlong in red blood1 ,like a sea both wide and deep1 ,thus courageously ,i leap1 ,seeking ,philip through the flood4 ,all enter fighting4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,iv4 ,,king4 ,i but wanted this alone ,after what ,i've heard1 that he ,who escaped from slavery1 ,and to distant ,rome had flown1 ,now with purpose too well known1 ,has to ,ireland come again1 ,where proclaiming the new reign ,of the faith1 he has enticed ,many to believe in ,christ1 ,rending all the world in twain4 ,a magician he must be1 ,since condemned1 so rumour saith1 ,by some other kings to death1 ,he though tied upon the tree ,in an instant set him free1 ,with such prodigies of wonder ,that the earth 7within whose womb ,the dead lie as in a tomb7 ,trembled1 the air groaned in thunder1 ,dark eclipse the sun lay under1 ,deigning not a single glance ,of his radiant countenance ,to the moon3 from which ,i see ,that this ,patrick1 for 'tis he1 ,lords it over fate and chance2 ,awe-struck by the prodigy1 ,fearing they may punished be1 ,crowds attend him on his way4 ,and 'tis said that he to-day ,comes to try his spells on me4 ,let him come1 and once for all ,wave in vain his conjuring rod6 ,we shall see who is this ,god1 ,whom their ,god the ,christians call4 ,by my hand must ,patrick fall1 ,were it but to see if he ,can escape his destiny1 ,or my will subvert and master1 ,he this ,bishop1 he this ,pastor1 ,he ,pope's ,legate1 though he be4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,v4 ,the ,captain1 ,soldiers1 ,,luis a prisoner1 ,the ,king4 ,,captain4 ,luis1 sire1 without delay ,we secured2 but not before ,he killed three1 and wounded more1 ,of our company4 ,,king4 ,christian1 say1 ,why do you no fear display1 ,seeing now in angry mood ,my hand raised to shed your blood8 ,but in vain do ,i deplore1 ,since he this deserves and more ,who has done a ,christian good4 ,gifts1 not chastisement1 should be ,thine to-day1 for it is plain ,it is ,i should feel the pain ,for conferring good on thee4 ,take him hence1 and presently ,let him die2 and be it known ,why from him has mercy flown4 ',tis not for his crimes or guilt ,that this ,christian's blood is spilt1 ',tis for ,christ's belief alone4 ,exeunt4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,vi4 ,,luis4 ,,luis4 ,if for this ,i die1 to me ,thou the happiest death allottest1 ,since he for his ,god will die1 ,he who dies to do ,him honour4 ,and a man whose life is here ,but a round of cares and crosses1 ,should be grateful unto death ,as the end of all his sorrows2 ,since it comes the tangled thread ,of a wretched life to shorten1 ,which to-day the evil ,phoenix ,of its works that now prove mortal ,would revive amid the ashes ,of my wrong and my dishonour4 ,then my life1 my breath were poison1 ,venom would my breast but foster1 ,until ,i had shed in ,ireland ,blood in such a copious torrent1 ,that though base it might wash out ,the remembrance of my wronger4 ,ah1 my honour1 low thou liest1 ,by a ruthless foot down trodden6-- ,i will die with thee1 united ,we two will together conquer ,these barbarians4 ,then since little1 ,but a span at best1 belongeth ,to my life1 a noble vengeance ,let this dagger take upon me6-- ,but1 good ,god6 what evil impulse ,with demoniac instinct prompteth ,thus my hand8 ,i am a ,christian1 ,i've a soul1 and share the godly ,light of faith3 then were it right1 ',mid a crowd of ,gentile mockers1 ,thus the ,christian faith to tarnish ,by an action so improper8 ,what example would ,i give them ,by a death so sad and shocking1 ,save that ,i thus gave the lie ,to the works that ,patrick worketh4 ,since they'd say1 who worship only ,their own vices most immodest1 ,who deny unto the soul ,its eternal joy or torment1 ,of what use is ,patrick's preaching ,that man's soul must be immortal1 ,if the ,christian1 ,luis ,enius1 ,kills himself8 ,he can't acknowledge ,its eternal life who'd lose it4-- ,thus with actions so discordant1 ,he the light and ,i the shadow1 ,we would neutralize each other4 ',tis enough to be so wicked ,as even now to feel no sorrow1 ,no repentance for past sins1 ,rather a desire for others4 ,yes1 by ,god6 for if escape ,fortune now my life would offer1 ,europe1 ,africa1 and ,asia ,i would fill with fear and horror2 ,first exacting here the debt ,of a vengeance so enormous1 ,that these islands of ,egerius ,would not hold a single mortal ,who should not appease the thirst1 ,the insatiable longing ,that ,i have for blood4 ,the lightning1 ,when it bursts its prison portals1 ,warns us in a voice of thunder1 ,and then 'twixt dark smoke and forked ,fires that take the shape of serpents1 ,fills the trembling air with horror4 ,i1 too1 gave that thunder voice1 ,so that all men heard the promise1 ,but the lightning bolt was wanting4 ,yes1 ah me6 it proved abortive1 ,and before it touched the earth ,was by dallying winds made sport of4 ,no1 it is not death that grieves me1 ,even a death of such dishonour1 ',tis because at last are ended1 ,in my youth's fresh opening blossom1 ,my offences4 ,life ,i wish for ,to begin from this day forward ,greater and more dread excesses4 ,heavens6 'tis for no other object4 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,vii4 ,,polonia4 -- ,,luis4 ,,polonia aside 7,now with mind made up ,i come47 ,luis1 an occasion offers ,ever as the test and touchstone ,of true love4 ,by certain knowledge ,have ,i learned the imminent danger ,of thy life4 ,the wrath grows hotter ,of my father1 and his fury ,to evade is most important4 ,all the guards that here are with thee ,has my liberal hand suborned1 ,so that at the clink of gold ,have their ears grown deaf and torpid4 ,fly6 and that thou mayest see ,how a woman's heart can prompt her1 ,how her honour she can trample1 ,how her self-respect leave prostrate1 ,with thee ,i will go1 since now ,it is needful that henceforward ,i in life and death am thine1 ,for without thee life were worthless1 ,thou who in my heart dost live4 ,i bring with me gems and money ,quite enough to the most distant ,parts of ,india to transport us1 ,where the sun with beams and shadows ,scatters frost1 or burning scorches4 ,at the door two steeds are standing1 ,i should rather call these horses ,two swift lynxes1 air-born creatures1 ,thoughts by liveliest minds begotten2 ,they so rapid are1 that though ,we as fugitives fly on them1 ,an assurance of our safety ,we shall feel4 ,at once resolve then4 ,why thus ponder8 what delays thee8 ,time is pressing1 therefore shorten ,all discourse2 and that mischance1 ,which disturbs love's plans so often1 ,may not offer an obstruction ,to so well-prepared a project1 ,first before thee ,i will go4 ,issue1 while in specious converse ,i divert thy guards1 and give ,to thy coming forth a cover4 ,even the sun our project favours1 ,which amid the west waves yonder1 ,sinking1 dips his golden curls ,to refresh his glowing forehead4 ,exit4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,viii4 ,,luis4 ,,luis4 ,a most opportune occasion ,to my hands has fortune offered2 ,since ,heaven knows that all the show ,of apparent love and fondness ,which ,i proffered to ,polonia ,was assumed1 it being my object ,she should go with me1 where ,i1 ,seizing on the gold and costly ,gems she carries1 so might issue ,from this ,babylonian bondage4 ,for although in my person ,was esteemed and duly honoured1 ,still 'twas slavery after all1 ,and my free wild life was longing ,for that liberty1 heaven's best gift1 ,which ,i had enjoyed so often4 ,but a great embarrassment ,and a hindrance were a woman ,for the end ,i have in view1 ,since in me is love a folly ,that ne'er passes appetite1 ,which being satisfied1 no longer ,care ,i for a woman's presence1 ,how so fair or so accomplished4 ,and since thus my disposition ,is so free1 of what importance ,is a murder more or less8 ,at my hands must die ,polonia ,for her loving at a time ,when there's no one loved or honoured4 ,had she loved as others love1 ,then she would have lived as others4 ,exit4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,ix4 ,the ,captain2 then ,the ,king1 ,,philip1 and ,,leogaire4 ,,captain4 ,the sad sentence of his death ,have ,i come1 by the king's orders1 ,here to read to ,luis ,enius4-- ,but what's this8 ,the door lies open1 ,and the tower deserted4 ,ha6 ,soldiers6 ,no one answers4 ,ho1 there6 ,guards1 come hither1 treason6 treason6 ,enter ,the ,king1 ,,philip1 and ,,leogaire4 ,,king4 ,why these outcries8 this commotion8 ,what is this8 ,,captain4 ,that ,luis ,enius ,has escaped1 and from the fortress ,all the guards have fled4 ,,leogaire4 ,my lord1 ,i saw entering here ,polonia4 ,,philip4 ,heavens6 beyond all doubt 'twas she ,who released him4 ,that her lover ,he dared call him1 you well know4 ,jealousy and rage provoke me ,to pursue them4 ,a new ,troy ,will to-day be ,ireland's story4 ,exit4 ,,king4 ,give me1 too1 a horse2 in person ,i these fugitives will follow4 ,ah1 what ,christians are these two ,who with actions so discordant1 ,one deprives me of my rest1 ,and the other robs my honour8 ,but the twain shall feel the weight ,of my vengeful hands fall on them2 ,for not safe from me would be ,even their sovereign ,roman ,pontiff4 ,exeunt4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,x4 ,a ,,wood1 ,,at ,,whose ,,extremity ,,is ,,paul',s ,,cabin4 ,,polonia flying wounded1 and ,,luis with a naked dagger in his hand4 ,,polonia4 ,oh1 hold thy bloody hand6 ,though love be dead1 let ,christian faith command4 ,my honour take2 but1 oh1 my poor life spare1 ,that suppliant at thy feet pours out its humble prayer4 ,,luis4 ,hapless ,polonia1 since creation's hour ,beauty has ever one unvarying dower1 ,it brings misfortune with it1 it is this ,makes beauty rarely live long time with bliss4 ,i1 who less pity feel ,than any headsman who e'er held death's steel1 ,may by thy death procure ,my life1 since with it ,i will go secure4 ,if thee ,i bring where fortune's hand may guide me ,i bring the witness of my woes beside me1 ,by whom they may pursue me1 ,track me1 discover me1 in fact1 undo me ,if here ,i leave thee living1 ,i leave thee angry1 vengeful1 unforgiving2 ,leave thee1 in fact1 to be ,one enemy more 7and what an enemy672 ,thus equally ,i grieve thee1 ,thus evil do whether ,i take or leave thee2 ,and so 'tis better thus1 ,that ,i a wretch1 cruel and infamous1 ,false1 impious1 fierce1 abandoned1 wicked1 banned ,by ,god and man1 should slay thee by my hand1 ,since buried here1 ,within the rustic entrails dark and drear ,of this rude realm of stone1 ,my worst misfortune shall remain unknown4 ,my fury1 too1 shall gain ,a novel kind of vengeance when thou'rt slain1 ,remaining satisfied ,that ,philip1 too1 by the same stroke has died1 ,if in thy heart he lived2 and then mine ire ,will need no victim more except thy sire4 ,through thee first came ,my first disgrace1 the cause of all my shame1 ,and so the first of all ,on thee my vengeful strokes shall furious fall4 ,,polonia4 ,ah me6 my fate pursuing1 ,i have but only worked my own undoing1 ,like to the worm that by its subtle art ,spins its own grave4 ,hast thou a human heart8 ,,luis4 ,i am a demon4 ,so to prove it1 die4 ,thus -- ,,polonia4 ,god of ,patrick1 listen to my cry6 ,he stabs her several times1 and she falls within4 ,,luis4 ,she fell on flowers1 there sowing ,both lives and horrors in her blood outflowing4 ,thus now with greater ease ,i can escape1 and carry o'er the seas1 ,in many a gem and chain1 ,treasure enough to make me rich in ,spain1 ,until so changed by time1 ,disguised by wandering in a foreign clime1 ,i may return to reap ,my vengeance2 for a wrong doth never sleep4 ,but whither do ,i stray1 ,treading the shades of death in this dark way8 ,my path is lost3 ,i go ,whither ,i do not know2 ,perchance escaping from my prison bands ,to fall again into my tyrant's hands4 ,if the dark night doth not my sight deceive1 ,yonder a rustic cabin ,i perceive4 ,yes1 ,i am right4 ,i'll knock2 ,i can't much err1 ,they'll know the way4 ,he knocks4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,xi4 ,,paul and ,,lucy4 -- ,,luis4 ,,lucy within4 ,who's there8 ,,luis4 ,a traveller1 ,benighted1 his way lost1 confused1 distressed1 ,good worthy husbandman1 disturbs thy rest4 ,,lucy within4 ,ho1 ,juan6 how you snore6 ,awake6 there's some one knocking at the door4 ,,paul within4 ,why1 ,i am well enough here in my bed4 ,he knocks for you1 so answer him instead4 ,,lucy within4 ,who's there8 ,,luis4 ,a traveller1 ,i say4 ,,paul within4 ,a traveller8 ,,luis4 ,yes4 ,,paul within4 ,then travel on1 ,i pray4 ,this cabin is no inn1 sir1 not a bit4 ,,luis4 ,i'm getting weary of this fellow's wit4 ,i'll try what kicking in the door will do4 ,drives in the door4 ,ay1 there it goes4 ,,lucy within4 ,why1 ,juan ,paul1 halloo6 ,awake1 ,i say1 for if ,i don't mistake1 ,the door's knocked in4 ,,paul within4 ,well1 one eye is awake1 ,but underneath its lid the other's laid4-- ,come with me1 ,lucy1 for ,i'm sore afraid4 ,enter ,,paul and ,,lucy4 ,who's there8 ,,luis4 ,be silent1 peasants1 and attend ,if you would not that now your lives should end4 ,lost in this woodland waste ,i sought your door2 and so1 my friend1 make haste ,to tell me the best way ,from this to the port1 where ,i by break of day ,may from the coast get clear4 ,,paul4 ,go right ahead3 first take the pathway here1 ,they left1 then right again1 ,rise where there's hill1 descend where there's a plain1 ,and going thus1 in short1 ,the port you'll reach when you have reached the port4 ,,luis4 ',tis better that you come ,along with me1 or by the heavens o'erhead1 ,your blood shall stain the ground on which you tread4 ,,lucy4 ,were it not better1 cavalier1 ,to pass the night here till the dawn appear8 ,,paul4 ,how very kind you are when least expected6 ,are you already to this knight infected8 ,,luis4 ,choose now1 at once1 ,i say1 ,to die or guide me4 ,,paul4 ,don't be vexed1 ,i pray2 ,if ,i without more haggling or vain clack ,select to go1 and carry you on my back1 ,if so you chose1 'tis not that death ,i fear1 ,but just to disappoint my ,lucy here4 ,,luis aside4 ,that he may not betray ,whither ,i go1 to those who track my way1 ,him from some cliff ,i'll throw ,headlong amid the icy waves below4-- ,to ,,lucy4 ,you with this consolation here remain ,your husband will be with you soon again4 ,exeunt the two at one side1 and she at the other4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,xii4 ,the ,king ,,egerius1 ,,lesbia1 ,,leogaire1 ,the ,captain2 afterwards ,,philip4 ,,lesbia4 ,not a trace of them is found2 ,all the mountain1 hill and valley1 ,leaf by leaf has been explored1 ,bough by bough has been examined1 ,rock by rock has been searched through1 ,still no clue wherewith to track them ,can we light on4 ,,king4 ,without doubt1 ,to preserve them from my anger1 ,has the earth engulphed the two2 ,for not heaven itself could guard them ,from my wrath if still they lived4 ,,lesbia4 ,see the sun his disentangled ,golden tresses far extends ,over mountains1 groves and gardens1 ,showing that the day hath come4 ,enter ,,philip4 ,,philip4 ,deign1 your majesty1 to hearken ,to a tragedy more dreadful1 ,to a crime more unexampled ,than has time or fortune ever ,yet recorded in earth's annals4 ,seeking traces of ,polonia ,through these savage woods distracted ,roamed ,i restless all the night-time1 ,till at length and amid the darkness ,half awakened rose the dawn2 ,not in veils of gold and amber ,was she dressed1 a robe of mourning ,formed of clouds composed her mantle1 ,and with discontented light ,hidden were the stars and planets1 ,though for this one time alone ,they were happy in their absence4 ,searching there in every part1 ,we approached where blood was spattered ,on the tender dewy flower1 ,and upon the ground some fragments of a woman's dress were strewn4 ,by these signs at once attracted1 ,we went on1 'till at the foot ,of a great rock overhanging1 ,in a fragrant tomb of roses ,lay ,polonia1 dead and stabbed there4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,xiii4 ,,polonia dead2 and afterwards ,,patrick4 -- ,,the ,,same4 ,,philip4 ,turn your eyes1 and here you see ,the young tree of beauty blasted1 ,pale and sad the opening flower1 ,the bright flame abruptly darkened2 ,see here loveliness laid prostrate1 ,see warm life here turned to marble1 ,see1 alas6 ,polonia dead4 ,,king4 ,philip1 cease6 proceed no farther6 ,for ,i have not resignation ,to bear up with any calmness ',gainst so many forms of wrong1 ',gainst so many shapes of sadness1 ',gainst such manifold misfortunes4 ,ah1 my daughter6 ,ah1 thou hapless ,treasure fatally found for me6 ,,lesbia4 ,grief my feeling so o'ermasters ,that ,i have not breath to mourn4 ,ah6 of all thy woes the partner ,let thy wretched sister be6 ,,king4 ,what rude hand in ruffian anger ,raised its bloody steel against ,beauty so divinely fashioned8 ,sorrow1 sorrow ends my life4 ,,patrick within4 ,woe to thee1 sin-stained ,irlanda6 ,woe to thee1 unhappy people6 ,if with tears thou dost not water ,the hard earth1 and night and day ,weeping in thy bitter anguish1 ,ope the golden gates of heaven ,which thy disobedience fastened4 ,woe to thee1 unhappy people6 ,woe to thee1 sin-stained ,irlanda6 ,,king4 ,heavens6 what mournful tones are these8 ,what are these sad solemn accents ,that transpierce my very heart1 ,that cut through me like a dagger8 ,learn who thus disturbs the flowing ,of my grief's most tender channels4 ,who but ,i should so lament8 ,who but ,i should wail thus sadly8 ,,leogaire4 ,this1 my lord1 is ,patrick1 who ,having as you know1 departed ,from this country went to ,rome1 ,where the ,pontiff1 the great father1 ,made him bishop1 and a post ,of pre-eminence imparted ,to him here2 through all the islands ,he proceedeth in this manner4 ,,patrick enters4 ,,patrick4 ,woe to thee1 unhappy people6 ,woe to thee1 sin-stained ,irlanda6 ,,king4 ,patrick1 thou who thus my grief ,interrupted1 and my sadness ,doubled with thy golden words1 ,hiding false and poisonous matter1 ,why thus persecute me8 ,wherefore ,thus disturb the hills and valleys ,of my kingdom with deceptions ,and new-fangled laws and maxims8 ,here we know but this alone1 ,we are born and die4 ,our fathers ,left us this1 the simple doctrine ,taught by nature1 and no farther ,have we sought to learn4 ,what ,god ,can be this1 of whom such marvels ,you relate1 who life eternal ,gives when temporal life departeth8 ,can the soul1 when it is severed ,from the body1 be so active ,as to have another life1 ,or of bale or bliss1 hereafter8 ,,patrick4 ,being loosened from the body1 ,and the human portion having ,given to nature1 it being only ,but a little dust and ashes1 ,then the spirit upward rises1 ,to the higher sphere attracted1 ,where its labours find their centre1 ,if it dies in grace1 which baptism ,first confers upon the soul1 ,and then penance ever after4 ,,king4 ,then this beauteous one1 that here ,lies in her own blood bedabbled1 ,there1 is living at this moment8 ,,patrick4 ,yes4 ,,king4 ,a sign1 a proof1 then1 grant me ,of this truth4 ,,patrick aside4 ,almighty ,lord6 ,for ,thy glory deign to hearken6 ,it behoveth ,thee to show ,here ,thy power by an example4 ,,king4 ,what6 you do not answer8 ,,patrick4 ,heaven ,wishes for itself to answer4-- ,in the name of ,god1 ,o corse1 ,he extends his hands over the dead body of ,,polonia4 ,lying stiff here1 ,i command thee ,to arise and live1 resuming ,thine own soul1 and thus make patent ,this great truth1 before us preaching ,the true doctrine and evangel4 ,,polonia arising4 ,woe is me6 ,oh1 save me1 heaven6 ,ah1 what secrets are imparted ,to the soul6 ,o ,lord6 ,o ,lord6 ,stay the red hand of ,thy anger1 ,of ,thy justice4 ,do not threaten1 ',gainst a woman weak and abject1 ,the dread thunders of ,thy rigour1 ,of ,thy power the lightning's flashes4 ,where1 oh1 where shall ,i conceal me ,from ,thy countenance1 if haply ,thou art wroth8 ,ye rocks1 he mountains1 ,fall upon and overcast me4 ,hating mine own self1 to-day ,would that to my prayer 'twas granted ,in the centre of the earth ,from ,thy sight to hide and mask me6 ,ah1 but why8 if wheresoever ,my unhappy fate might cast me ,there ,i brought with me my sin8 ,see ye1 see ye not this ,atlas ,back recede1 and this huge mountain ,tremble to its base8 ,the axes ,of the firmament are loosened1 ,and its perfect fabric hangeth ,threatening ruin o'er my head1 ,with terrific pride and grandeur4 ,darker grows the air around me1 ,chained1 my feet proceed no farther1 ,even the seas retire before me4 ,what1 here fly me not nor startle1 ,are the wild beasts1 which to rend me ,bit by bit come on to attack me4 ,mercy1 mighty ,lord1 oh1 mercy6 ,pardon1 gracious ,lord1 oh1 pardon6 ,holy baptism ,i implore1 ,that in grace ,i may depart hence4 ,mortals1 hear1 oh1 mortals hear1 ,christ is living1 ,christ is master1 ,christ is god1 the one true ,god6 ,penance1 penance1 penance practice6 ,exit4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,xiv4 ,,the ,,same1 with the exception of ,,polonia4 ,,philip4 ,how prodigious6 ,,captain4 ,how stupendous6 ,,lesbia4 ,what a miracle6 ,,leogaire4 ,what a marvel6 ,,king4 ,what enchantment6 what bewitchment6 ,who can bear this8 who can grant this8 ,,all4 ,christ is ,god1 the one true ,god4 ,,king4 ,what a bold deceit is practised ,here1 blind people1 to deceive you1 ,in the making of these marvels1 ,which you have not sense to see ,are in outward show but acted ,and within are fraud6 ,however1 ,that the truth be now established1 ,i will own myself convinced1 ,if in argument shall ,patrick ,prove his case3 and so attend ,as the grave dispute advances4 ,if the soul was made immortal ,it could never be inactive ,even for a single moment4 ,,patrick4 ,yes2 and every dream that passes ,proves this truth2 because the dreams ,that engender numerous phantoms ,are discourses of the soul ,that ne'er sleeps1 and as these shadows ,simulate the imperfect actions ,of the senses1 a strange language ,and imperfect is produced2 ,and 'tis thus that in their trances ,men dream things that are at once ,inconsistent and fantastic4 ,,king4 ,well1 then1 this being so1 ,i ask ,was ,polonia when this happened ,dead or not8 ,for if but only ,in a swoon1 what mighty marvel1 ,then1 was done8 ,but this ,i pass4 ,if she really had departed1 ,then to one of the two places1 ,heaven or hell1 so named1 ,o ,patrick1 ,by yourself1 it must have gone4 ,if it was in heaven1 'twas hardly ,merciful in ,god to send it ,back into this world1 to hazard ,a new chance of condemnation1 ,when 'twas once in grace and happy4 ,this is surely true4 ,if1 likewise1 ,it had been in hell1 'tis adverse ,to strict justice1 since it were not ,just that that which by its badness ,once had earned such punishment1 ,should again be given the chances ,of regaining grace4 ,it must1 ,i presume1 be taken as granted ,that ,god's justice and ,his mercy ,cannot possibly be parted4 ,where1 ,i ask then1 was her soul8 ,,patrick4 ,hear1 ,egerius1 the answer4 ,i concede that for the soul1 ,sanctified by holy baptism1 ,heaven or hell must be its goal1 ,out of which1 by ,god's commandment1 ,speaking of ,his usual power1 ,it can never more be absent4 ,but if of ,his absolute power ,there is question1 ,god could drag it ,even from hell itself2 but this ,is not what we have to argue4 ,that the soul doth go to either ,of those places1 must be granted ,when 'tis severed from the body ,once for all by mortal absence ,to return to it no more2 ,but when otherwise commanded ,to it to return1 it waiteth ,in a certain state of passage1 ,and remains as 'twere suspended ,in the universe1 not having ,any special place allotted4 ,for the ,almighty mind forecasting ,all things1 when from out ,his essence1 ,as th' exemplar1 the fair pattern ,of ,his thought1 this glorious fabric ,he brought forth to light and gladness1 ,saw this very incident1 ,and well knowing what would happen1 ,that this soul would here return1 ,kept it for awhile inactive1 ,seemingly unfixed1 yet fixed4 ,this is the authentic answer ,that theology1 that sacred ,science1 gives to what you have asked me4 ,but another point remaineth3 ,there are other places1 mark me1 ,both of glory and of pain1 ,than you think2 and of these latter ,one is called the ,purgatory1 ,where the soul of him who haply ,dies in grace1 is purged from stains1 ,sinful stains which it contracted ,in the world3 for into heaven ,none can pass till these are cancelled4 ,and thus1 there 'tis purified1 ,cleansed by fire from all that tarnished1 ,till to ,god's divinest presence ,pure and clean at length it passes4 ,,king4 ,so you say1 and ,i have nothing ,to confirm what you advance here ,but your word4 ,some proof now give me1 ,give me something ,i can handle1 ,something tangible to convince me ,of this truth1 that ,i may grasp it1 ,and know what it is4 ,and since ,so much power and influence have you ,with your ,god1 implore ,his grace1 ,that ,i may believe the faster1 ,some material fact to give me1 ,something that we all can grapple1 ,not mere creatures of the mind4 ,and remember that at farthest ,but an hour remains in which ,you must give me sure and ample ,signs of punishment and glory1 ,or you die4 ,these mighty marvels ,of your ,god here let them come1 ,where the truth we can examine ,for ourselves4 ,and if we neither ,heaven or hell deserve to have here1 ,show us1 then1 this ,purgatory1 ,which is different from the latter1 ,so that here we all may know ,his omnipotence and grandeur4 ,mind1 ,god's honour rests upon you1 ,tell ,him to defend and guard it4 ,exeunt all but ,,patrick4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,xv4 ,,patrick4 ,,patrick4 ,here1 mighty ,lord1 dart down thy searching glance1 ,arm'd with the dreadful lightnings of ,thine ire1 ,wing'd with ,thy vengeance1 as the bolt with fire1 ,and rout the squadrons of fell ignorance3 ,come not in pity to the hostile band1 ,treat not as friends ,thy enemies abhorr'd1 ,but since they ask for portents1 mighty ,lord1 ,come with the blood-red lightnings in ,thy hand4 ,of old ,elias asked with burning sighs ,for chastisement1 and ,moses did display ,wonders and portents2 in the self-same way ,listen1 ,o ,lord1 to my beseeching cries1 ,and though ,i be not great or good as they1 ,still let my accents pierce the listening skies6 ,portents and chastisement1 both day and night ,i ask1 ,o ,lord1 may from ,thy hand be given1 ,that ,purgatory1 ,hell and ,heaven1 ,may be revealed unto these mortals' sight4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,xvi4 ,a ,good ,angel at one side1 and on the other a ,bad ,angel4 -- ,,patrick4 ,,bad ,,angel to himself4 ,fearful that the favouring skies ,may accede to ,patrick's prayer1 ,and discover to him where ,earth's most wondrous treasure lies1 ,like a minister of light1 ,full of scorn1 ,i hither fly ,it to chill and nullify4 ,covering with my poison blight ,his petition4 ,,good ,,angel4 ,then give o'er1 ,cruel monster2 for in me ,his protecting angel see4 ,but be silent1 speak no more4-- to him4 ,patrick1 ,god has heard ,thy prayer1 ,he has listen'd to thy vows1 ,and1 as thou hast asked1 allows ,earth's great secrets to lie bare4 ,seek along this island ground ,for a vast and darksome cave1 ,which restrains the lake's dark wave4 ,and supports the mountains round2 ,he who dares to go therein1 ,having first contritely told ,all his faults1 shall there behold ,where the soul is purged from sin4 ,he shall see1 with mortal eyes1 ,hell itself1 where those who die ,in their sins for ever lie ,in the fire that never dies4 ,he shall see1 in blest fruition1 ,where the happy spirits dwell4 ,but of this be sure as well -- ,he who without due contrition ,enters there to idly try ,what the cave may be1 doth go ,to his death2 he'll suffer woe1 ,while the ,lord doth reign on high1 ,who thy soul this day shall free ,from this poor world's weariness4 ,it is thus that ,god doth bless ,those who love ,his name like thee4 ,he shall grant to thee in pity1 ,bliss undreamed by mortal men1 ,making thee a denizen ,of ,his own celestial city4 ,he shall to the world proclaim ,his omnipotence and glory1 ,by the wondrous ,purgatory ,which shall bear thy sainted name4 ,lest thou think the promise vain ,of this miracle divine1 ,i will take this shape malign1 ,which came hither to profane ,thy devotion1 and within ,this dark cavern's dark abyss ,fling it1-- there to howl and hiss ,in the everlasting din4 ,they disappear4 ,,patrick4 ,glory1 glory unto ,thee1 ,mighty ,lord2 the heavens proclaim1 ,miracles attest ,thy name1 ,wonders show that ,thou must be4-- ,calling4 ,king6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,xvii4 ,the ,king1 ,,philip1 ,,lesbia1 ,,leogaire1 ,the ,captain1 ,people4 -- ,,patrick4 ,,king4 ,what would'st thou8 ,,patrick4 ,come with me ,through this mountain woodland drear1 ,thou and all thy followers here1 ,thou and they shall see therein ,the dark place reserved for sin1 ,and rewards delightful sphere4 ,they shall have a passing view ,of a sight no tongue can tell1 ,an unending miracle1 ,to whose greatness shall be due ,their amazement ever new ,who its secrets shall unveil4 ,yes1 a perfect image pale ,in the wonders guarded here1 ,shall they see with awe and fear1 ,of the realms of bliss and bale4 ,exit1 followed by all4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,xviii4 ,a ,,remote ,,part ,,of ,,the ,,mountain ,,with ,,the ,,mouth ,,of ,a ,,horrible ,,cave4 ,,the ,,same4 ,,king4 ,look1 ,o ,patrick1 for you go ,turning towards a part forbidden1 ,where the light of the sun is hidden ,even in the noon-tide's glow4 ,through this wilderness of woe ,even the hunter in pursuit ,of his prey ne'er placed a foot ,on its trackless wild walks green1 ,since for ages it has been ,shunned alike by man and brute4 ,,philip4 ,we for many and many a year1 ,who have lived here from our youth1 ,never dared to learn the truth ,of the secrets hidden here2 ,for the entrance did appear ,in itself enough to make ,even the bravest heart to quake4 ,no one yet has dared to brave ,the wild rocks that guard this cave1 ,or the waters of this lake4 ,,king4 ,and for auguries we heard1 ,borne the troubled wind along1 ,oft the sad funereal song ,of some lone nocturnal bird4 ,,philip4 ,be the rash attempt deferred4 ,,patrick4 ,let not causeless fear arise2 ,for a treasure of the skies ,here is hidden4 ,,king4 ,what is fear8 ,could it ever me come near ,in an earthquake's agonies8 ,no2 for though the flames should break ,as from some sulphureous lake1 ,and the mountains' sides run red ,from the molten fires outshed1 ,they could ne'er my courage shake1 ,never make me fear4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,xix4 ,,polonia4 -- ,,the ,,same4 ,,polonia4 ,oh1 stay1 ,wandering from the path astray1 ,hapless crowd1 rash1 indiscreet1 ,turn away your erring feet1 ,for misfortune lies that way4 ,here from myself with hurried footsteps flying1 ,i dared to treat this wilderness profound1 ,beneath the mountain whose proud top defying ,the pure bright sunbeam is with huge rocks crowned1 ,hoping that here1 as in its dark grave lying1 ,never my sin could on the earth be found1 ,and ,i myself might find a port of peace ,where all the tempests of the world might cease4 ,no polar star had hostile fate decreed me1 ,as on my perilous path ,i dared to stray1 ,so great its pride1 no hand presumed to lead me1 ,and guide my silent footstep on its way4 ,not yet the aspect of the place has freed me ,from the dread terror1 anguish and dismay1 ,which were awakened by this mountain's gloom1 ,and all the hidden wonders of its womb4 ,see ye not here this rock some power secureth1 ,that grasps with awful toil the hill-side brown1 ,and with the very anguish it endureth ,age after age seems slowly coming down8 ,suspended there with effort1 it obscureth ,a mighty cave beneath1 which it doth crown2-- ,an open mouth the horrid cavern shapes1 ,wherewith the melancholy mountain gapes499 footnote 99 ,but ,i remember1 ,two miles on this side of the fort1 the road ,crosses a deep ravine2 'tis rough and narrow1 ,and winds with short turns down the precipice2 ,and in its depth there is a mighty rock ,which has from unimaginable years1 ,sustained itself with terror and with toil ,over the gulf1 and with the agony ,with which it clings seems slowly coming down2 ,even as a wretched soul hour after hour ,clings to the mass of life3 yet1 clinging1 leans2 ,and leaning1 makes more dark the dread abyss ,in which it fears to fall4 ,beneath this crag1 ,huge as despair1 as if in weariness ,the melancholy mountain yawns4--,,the ,,cenci4 ,shelly says1 ,an idea in this speech was suggested by a most sublime passage in ',el ,purgatorio de ,san ,patricio' of ,calderon4 ,the same idea is to be found in ,amor despues de la ,muerte1 ,los dos amantes del ,cielo1 and other dramas of ,calderon4 end of footnote ,this1 then1 by mournful cypress trees surrounded1 ,between the lips of rocks at either side1 ,reveals a monstrous neck of length unbounded1 ,whose tangled hair is scantily supplied ,by the wild herbs that there the wind hath grounded1 ,a gloom whose depths no sun has ever tried1 ,a space1 a void1 the gladsome day's affright1 ,the fatal refuge of the frozen night4 ,i wished to enter there1 to make my dwelling ,within the cave2 but here my accents fail1 ,my troubled voice1 against my will rebelling4 ,doth interrupt so terrible a tale4-- ,what novel horror1 all the past excelling1 ,must ,i relate to you1 with cheeks all pale1 ,without cold terror on my bosom seizing1 ,and even my voice1 my breath1 my pulses freezing8 ,i scarcely had o'ercome my hesitation1 ,and gone within the cavern's vault profound1 ,when ,i heard wails of hopeless lamentation1 ,despairing shrieks that shook the walls around1 ,curses1 and blasphemy1 and desperation1 ,dark crimes avowed that would even hell astound1 ,which heaven1 ,i think1 in order not to hear1 ,had hid within this prison dark and drear4 ,let him come here who doubts what ,i am telling1 ,let him here bravely enter who denies1 ,soon shall he hear the sounds of dreadful yelling1 ,soon shall the horrors gleam before his eyes4 ,for me1 my voice is hushed1 my bosom swelling1 ,pants now with terror1 now with strange surprise4 ,nor is it right that human tongue should dare ,high heaven's mysterious secrets to lay bare4 ,,patrick4 ,this cave1 ,o king1 which here you see1 concealeth ,the mysteries of life as well as death3 ,not1 ,i should say1 for him whose bosom feeleth ,no true repentance1 or no real faith2 ,but he who boldly enters1 who revealeth ,his sins1 confessing them with penitent breath1 ,shall see them all forgiven1 his conscience clear1 ,and have alive his ,purgatory here4 ,,king4 ,and dost thou think1 ,o ,patrick1 that ,i owe ,my blood so little1 as to yield to dread1 ,and trembling fear like a weak woman show8 ,say1 who shall be the first this cave to tread8 ,what silent6 ,philip8 ,,philip4 ,sire1 ,i dare not go4 ,,king4 ,then1 ,captain1 thou8 ,,captain4 ,enough to strike me dead ,is even the thought4 ,,king4 ,leogaire1 thou'lt surely dare8 ,,leogaire4 ,the heavens1 my lord1 themselves exclaim forbear6 ,,king4 ,o cowards1 lost to every sense of shame1 ,unfit to gird the warrior's sword around ,your shrinking loins6 ,men are ye but in name4 ,well1 ,i myself shall be the first to sound ,the depths of this enchantment1 and proclaim ,unto this ,christian that my heart unawed ,nor dreads his incantations nor his ,god6 ,egerius advances to the cave1 and on entering sinks into it with much noise1 flames rise from below1 and many voices are heard4 ,,polonia4 ,how terrible6 ,,leogaire4 ,how awful6 ,,philip4 ,what a wonder6 ,,captain4 ,the earth is breathing out its central fire4 ,exit4 ,,leogaire4 ,the axes of the sky are burst asunder4 ,exit4 ,,polonia4 ,the heavens are loosening their collected ire4 ,exit4 ,,lesbia4 ,the earth doth quake1 and peals the sullen thunder4 ,exit4 ,,patrick4 ,o1 mighty ,lord1 who will not now admire ,thy wondrous works8 ,exit4 ,,philip4 ,oh6 who that's not insane ,will enter ,patrick's ,purgatory again8 ,exit4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,act ,,the ,,third4 ,a ,,street4 ,,it ,,is ,,night4 ,,scene ,i4 ,,juan ,,paul1 dressed ridiculously as a soldier1 and ,,luis ,,enius1 very pensive4 ,,paul4 ,yes1 the day would come ,i knew1 ,after long procrastination1 ,when a word of explanation ,i should ask to have with you4 ,come with me1 you said4 ,though dark1 ,off ,i trudged with heavy heart ,to point out to you the part ,where at morn you could embark2 ,then again1 with thundering voice1 ,thus you spoke1 ,where ,i must fly ,choose to come with me1 or die4 ,and1 since you allowed a choice1 ,of two ills ,i chose the worst1 ,which1 sir1 was to go with you4 ,as your shadow then ,i flew ',cross the sea to ,england first1 ,then to ,scotland1 then to ,france then to ,italy and ,spain1 ,round the world and back again1 ,as in some fantastic dance4 ,not a country great or small ,could escape you1 'till1 good lack6 ,here we are in ,ireland back3-- ,now1 sir1 ,i1 plain ,juan ,paul1 ,being perplexed to know what draws ,you here now1 with beard and hair ,grown so long1 your speech1 your air1 ,changed so much1 would ask the cause ,why you these disguises wear8 ,you by day ne'er leave the inn1 ,but when cold night doth begin ,you a thousand follies dare1 ,without bearing this in mind1 ,that we now are in a land ,wholly changed from strand to strand1 ,where1 in fact1 we nothing find ,as we left it4 ,the old king ,died despairing1 and his heir1 ,lesbia1 now the crown doth wear1 ,for her sister1 hapless thing6 ,poor ,polonia 4 4 4 4 ,,luis4 ,oh1 that name ,do not mention6 do not kill me ,by repeating what doth thrill me ,to the centre of my frame ,as with lightning4 ,yes1 ,i know ,that at length ,polonia died4 ,,paul4 ,yes2 our host was at her side 7,he himself has told me so7 ,when they found her dead1 and 4 4 4 4 ,,luis4 ,cease6 ,of her death1 oh6 speak no more1 ',tis sufficient to deplore1 ,and to pray that she's at peace4 ,,paul4 ,leaving heathen sin and crime1 ,all the people far and near ,are become good ,christians here4 ,for one ,patrick1 who some time ,now is dead 4 4 4 4 ,,luis4 ,is ,patrick dead8 ,,paul4 ,so ,i from our host have heard4 ,,luis aside4 ,badly have ,i kept my word6-- ,but proceed4 ,,paul4 ,the teaching spread ,of the faith of ,christ1 and gave1 ,as a proof complete and whole ,of the eternity of the soul1 ,the discovery of a cave4-- ,oh6 it's the very name doth send ,terror through me4 ,,luis4 ,yes1 ,i have heard ,of that cave1 and every word ,made my hair to stand on end4 ,those who in the neighbourhood ,dwell1 see wonders every day4 ,,paul4 ,since1 'mid terror and dismay1 ,in your melancholy mood ,you will no one hear or see1 ,ever locked within your room1 ,it is plain you have not come ,aught to learn1 how strange they be1 ,of these things4 ,it doth appear ,other work you are about4 ,satisfy my foolish doubt1 ,and say why we have come here4 ,,luis4 to your questions thus ,i yield3 ,yes1 ,i forced you1 as you mention1 ,from your house1 and my intention ,was to kill you in the field2 ,but ,i thought it best instead ,you to make my steps attend ,as my comrade and my friend1 ,shaking off the mortal dread ,which forbad me to endure ,any stranger1 and in fine1 ,that your arms being joined with mine1 ,i might feel the more secure4 ,many a land1 both far and near1 ,passing through you fared right well2 ,and now answering ,i will tell ,why it is that we come here4 ,and 'tis this3 ,i come to slay ,here a man who did me wrong1 ',tis for this ,i pass along1 ,muffled in this curious way1 ,hiding country1 dress1 and name2 ,and the night suits best for me1 ,for my powerful enemy ,can the first position claim ,in the land4 ,since ,i avow ,why ,i hither have been led1 ,listen now how ,i have sped ,in my project until now4 ,i three days ago was brought ,to this city in disguise1 ,for two nights1 beneath the skies1 ,i my enemy have sought ,in his street and at his door2 ,twice a muffled figure came ,and disturbed me in my aim1 ,twice he called and stalked before ,him ,i followed in the street2 ,but when ,i the figure neared1 ,suddenly he disappeared ,as if wings were on his feet4 ,i this third night have brought you1 ,that should this mysterious shape ,come again1 he sha'nt escape1 ,being caught between us two2 ,who he is we then can see4 ,,paul4 ,two8 who are they8 ,,luis4 ,you and ,i4 ,,paul4 ,i'm not one4 ,,luis4 ,not one8 ,how8 ,why8 ,,paul4 ,no1 sir1 no4 ,i cannot be ,one1 nor half a one4 ,these stories ,faith6 would frighten fifty ,hectors2 ,what know ,i of ,lady ,spectres1 ,or of ,lord ,don ,purgatories8 ,all through life ,i've kept aloof ,from the other world's affairs1 ,shunning much superfluous cares2 ,but1 my courage put to proof1 ,bid me face a thousand men1 ,and if ,i don't cut and run ,from the thousand1 nay1 from one1 ,never trust to me again4 ,for ,i think it quite a case ,fit for ,bedlam1 if so high1 ,that a man would rather die1 ,than just take a little race4 ,such a trifle6 ,sir1 to me ,life is precious2 leave me here1 ,where you'd find me1 never fear4 ,,luis4 ,here's the house2 to-night ,i'll be1 ,philip1 your predestined fate4 ,now we'll see if heaven pretends ,to defend him1 and defends4-- ,watch here1 you1 beside the gate4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,ii4 ,a ,muffled ,figure4 -- ,,luis and ,,paul4 ,,paul4 ,there's no need to watch1 for hither ,some one comes4 ,,luis4 ,a lucky mortal ,am ,i1 if the hour draws nigh ,that will two revenges offer499 ,since this night there then will be ,naught to interrupt my project1 ,slaying first this muffled figure ,and then ,philip4 ,slow and solemn ,comes this man again4 ,i know him ,by his gait4 ,but whence this horror ,that comes o'er me as ,i see him1 ,this strange awe that chills1 that shocks me8 footnote 99,asonante in o -- e to the end of ,scene ,,viii4 ,,the ,,figure4 ,luis ,enius6 ,,luis4 ,sir1 ,i've seen you ,here the last two nights2 your object8 ,if you call me1 wherefore fly thus8 ,if 'tis me you seek1 why mock me ,by retiring8 ,,the ,,figure4 ,follow me1 ,then you'll know my name4 ,,luis4 ,i'm stopped here ,in this street by a little business4-- ,to be quite alone imports me4-- ,wherefore first by killing you ,i'll be free to kill another ,he draws his sword1 but merely cuts the air4 ,draw1 then1 draw your sword or not1 ,thus the needful path ,i shorten ,to two acts of vengeance4 ,heavens6 ,i but strike the air1 cut nothing1 ,sever nothing else4 ,quick6 ,paul1 ,stop him as he stalks off yonder1 ,near to you4 ,,paul4 ,i'm bad at stopping4 ,,luis4 ,then your footsteps ,i will follow ,everywhere1 until ,i learn ,who you are4 ,aside4 7,in vain his body ,do ,i strive to pierce4 ,oh1 heavens6 ,lightnings flash from off my sword here2 ,but in no way can ,i touch him1 ,as if sword and arm were shortened47 ,exit following the figure1 striking at it without touching it4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,iii4 ,,philip4 -- ,,paul4 ,,paul aside4 ,god be with you both6 ,but scarce ,has one vanished1 when another ,comes to haunt me4 ,why1 ,i'm tempted ,by strange phantoms and hobgoblins ,like another ,san ,antonio3-- ,in this doorway ,i'll ensconce me1 ,till my friend here kindly passes4 ,,philip4 ,love1 ambitious1 bold1 deep-plotted1 ,with the favours of a kingdom ,me thou mak'st a prosperous lover4 ,to the desert fled ,polonia1 ,where1 mid savage rocks and forests1 ,citizen of mighty mountains1 ,islander of lonely grottoes1 ,she doth dwell1 to ,lesbia leaving ,crown and kingdom2 through a stronger ,greed than love ,i ,lesbia court1-- ,for a queen is worth my homage4 ,from her trellis ,i have come1 ,from a sweet and pleasant converse4 ,but1 what's this8 ,each night ,i stumble ,on a man here at my doorstep4 ,who is there8 ,,paul aside4 ,to me he's coming4 ,why on earth should every goblin ,pounce on me8 ,,philip4 ,sir1 ,caballero4 ,,paul4 ,these are names ,i don't acknowledge2 ,he can't speak to ,,me4 ,,philip4 ,this house ,is my home4 ,,paul4 ,which ,i don't covet2 ,may you for an age enjoy it1 ,without billets4 ,,philip4 ,if important ,business in this street detains you 7,not a word whereon ,i offer71 ,give me room that ,i may pass4 ,,paul aside4 ,somewhat timid1 though quite proper1 ,goblins can be cowards too4-- ,yes1 sir1 for a certain office ,i am here2 go in1 and welcome2 ,i no gentleman would stop here ,bound for bed1 nor is it right4 ,,philip4 ,the condition ,i acknowledge4-- ,aside4 ,well1 fine spectres1 to be sure1 ,haunt this street3 each night ,i notice ,that a man here comes before me1 ,but when ,i approach him softly1 ,hereabouts on my own threshold1 ,i1 as now1 have always lost him4 ,but what matters this to me8 ,exit4 ,,paul draws his sword and makes several flourishes4 ,,paul4 ,as he's gone1 the right and proper ,thing is this3-- ,stay1 stay1 cold shadow1 ,whether you're a ghost or ghostess1 ,i can't reach it4 ,why1 by heaven6 ,air alone ,i cut and chop here4 ,but if this is he we wait for ,in the night-time like two blockheads ,faith6 he is a lucky fellow ,to have got to bed so promptly4 ,but another noise ,i hear ,sounding from that dark street yonder4 ',tis of swords and angry voices3-- ,there ,i run to reconnoitre4 ,exit4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,iv4 ,,another ,,street4 ,the ,muffled ,figure and ,,luis4 ,,luis4 ,sir1 already we have issued ,from that street2 if aught there stopped us1 ,we are here alone1 and may ,hand to hand resume the combat4 ,and since powerless is my sword ,thee to wound1 ,i throw me on thee ,to know who thou art4 ,declare1 ,art thou demon1 man1 or monster8 ,what6 no answer8 ,then ,i thus ,dare myself to solve the problem1 ,he tears the cloak from the ,figure1 and finds beneath it a skeleton4 ,and find out 4 4 4 4 ,oh1 save me1 heaven6 ,god6 what's this ,i see8 what horrid ,spectacle6 ,what frightful vision6 ,what death-threatening fearful portent6 ,stiff and stony corse1 who art thou8 ,that of dust and ashes formed ,now dost live8 ,,the ,,figure4 ,not know thyself8 ,this is thy most faithful portrait2 ,i1 alas6 am ,luis ,enius4 ,disappears499 footnote 99,the interview between ,luis ,enius and the ,skeleton1 says a recent writer1 is a scene truly ,calderonic -- the hour1 the place1 the intended assassin1 and the sudden reflection of himself1 with his guilty conscience impersonate before him2 it reminds us of that wild fable of ,jeremy ,taylor or ,fuller1 about the bird with a human face1 that feeds on human flesh until it chances to see its reflection in a stream1 and then it pines away for grief that it has killed its fellow4 -- ,,westminster ,,review1 vol4 liv4 p4 #cjf4 ,,luis4 ,save me1 heaven6 what words of horror6 ,save me1 heaven6 what sight of woe6 ,prey of shadows and misfortunes4 ,ah1 ,i die4 ,he falls on the ground4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,v4 ,,paul4 -- ,,luis4 ,,paul4 ,it is the voice ,of my master4 ,succour cometh ,opportunely now in me4 ,sir6 ,,luis4 ,ah6 why return1 dread monster8 ,i am overwhelmed1 ,i faint here ,at your voice4 ,,paul aside4 ,god help his noddle6 ,he's gone mad6 -- ,dread monster8 ,no1 ,aloud4 ,i am ,juan ,paul1 that donkey ,who1 not knowing why or wherefore1 ,is your servant4 ,,luis4 ,ah6 good1 honest ,paul1 ,i knew you not1 so frightened ,am ,i4 ,but at that why wonder1 ,if myself ,i do not know8 ,did you see a fearful corse here1 ,a dead body with a soul1 ,an apparent man supported ,by his skeleton alone1 ,bones from which the flesh had rotted1 ,fingers rigid1 gaunt1 and cold1 ,naked trunk1 uncouth1 abhorrent1 ,vacant spaces whence the eyes1 ,having fallen1 left bare the sockets8-- ,whither has he gone8 ,,paul4 ,if ,i ,saw that ghost1 upon my honour1 ,i could never say ,i saw it2 ,for more dead than that dead body ,i had fallen on the other side ,at the moment4 ,,luis4 ,and no wonder2 ,for my voice was mute1 my breath ,choked1 my heart's warm beat forgotten1 ,clothed with ice were all my senses1 ,shod with lead my feet1 my forehead ,cold with sweat1 ,i saw suspended ,heaven's two mighty poles upon me1 ,the brief ,atlases sustaining ,such a burden being my shoulders4 ,it appeared as if there started ,rocks from every tender blossom1 ,giants from each opening rose2 ,for the earth's disrupted hollows ,wished from out their graves to cast ,forth the dead who lay there rotten2 ,ah1 among them ,i beheld ,luis ,enius6 ,heaven be softened6 ,hide me1 hide me1 from myself6 ,bury me in some deep corner ,of earth's centre6 ,let me never ,see myself1 since no self-knowledge ,have ,i had6 ,but now ,i have it2 ,now ,i know ,i am that monster ,of rebellion1 who defied1 ,in my madness1 pride1 and folly1 ,god ,himself2 the same1 whose crimes ,are so numerous and so horrid1 ,that it were slight punishment1 ,if the whole wrath of the ,godhead ,was outpoured on me1 and whilst ,god was ,god1 eternal torments ,i should have to bear in hell4 ,but ,i have this further knowledge1 ,they were done against a ,god ,so divine1 that ,he has promised ,to grant pardon1 if my sins ,i with penitent tears acknowledge4 ,such ,i shed2 and1 ,lord1 to prove ,that to-day to be another ,i begin1 being born anew1 ,to ,thy hands my soul ,i offer4 ,not as a strict judge then judge me1 ,for the attributes of the ,godhead ,are ,his justice and ,his mercy2 ,with the latter1 not the former1 ,judge me1 then1 and fix what penance ,i shall do to gain that object4 ,what will be the satisfaction ,of my life8 ,music 7within74 ,the ,purgatory4 ,,luis4 ,bless me1 heaven6 what's this ,i hear8 ,a sweet strain divine and solemn2 ,it appears a revelation ,from on high1 since heaven doth often ,help mysteriously the sinner4 ,and since ,i herein acknowledge ,a divine interposition1 ,i will go into the ,purgatory1 ,called1 of ,patrick1 and fulfil1 ,humbly1 faithfully1 the promise ,which ,i gave him long ago1 ,if it is my happy fortune ,to see ,patrick4 ,if the attempt ,is1 as rumour hath informed me1 ,most terrific1 since no human ,strength avails against the horrors ,of the place1 or resolution ,to endure the demons' torments1 ,still my sins ,i must remember ,were as dreadful4 ,skilful doctors ,give for dangerous diseases ,dangerous remedies to stop them4-- ,come1 then1 with me1 ,paul1 and see ,how here penitent and prostrate ,at the bishop's feet ,i'll kneel1 ,and confess1 for greater wonder1 ,all my awful sins aloud4 ,,paul4 ,go alone1 then1 for that project1 ,since so brave a man as you are ,has no need of an accomplice2 ,and there's no one ,i have heard of ,who e'er went to hell escorted ,by his servant4 ,i'll go home1 ,and live pleasantly in my cottage ,without care4 ,if ghosts there be1 ,i'm content with matrimony4 ,exit4 ,,luis4 ,public were my sins1 and so ,public penance ,i will offer ,in atonement4 ,like one crazed1 ,crying in the crowded cross-ways1 ,i'll confess aloud my crimes4 ,men1 wild beasts1 rude mountains1 forests1 ,globes celestial1 flinty rocks1 ,tender plants1 dry elms1 thick coppice1 ,know that ,i am ,luis ,enius1 ,tremble at my name1 that monster ,once of pride1 as now ,i am ,of humility the wonder4 ,i have faith and certain hope ,of great happiness before me1 ,if in ,god's great name shall ,patrick ,aid me in the ,purgatory4 ,exit4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,vi4 ,a ,,wood1 ,,in ,,the ,,centre ,,of ,,which ,,is ,,seen ,a ,,mountain1 ,,from ,,which ,,polonia ,,descends4 ,,polonia4 ,,polonia4 ,to ,thee1 ,o ,lord1 my spirit climbs1 ,to ,thee from every lonely hill ,i burn to sacrifice my will ,a thousand and a thousand times4 ,and such my boundless love to ,thee ,i wish each will of mine a living soul could be4 ,would that my love ,i could have shown1 ,by leaving for ,thy sake1 instead ,of that poor crown that press'd my head1 ,some proud1 imperial crown and throne -- ,some empire which the sun surveys ,through all its daily course and gilds with constant rays4 ,this lowly grot1 'neath rocks uphurled1 ,in which ,i dwell1 though poor and small1 ,a spur of that stupendous wall1 ,the eighth great wonder of the world1 ,doth in its little space excel ,the grandest palace where a king doth dwell4 ,far better on some natural lawn ,to see the morn its gems bestrew1 ,or watch it weeping pearls of dew ,within the white arms of the dawn2 ,or view1 before the sun1 the stars ,drive o'er the brightening plain their swiftly-fading cars4 ,far better in the mighty main1 ,as night comes on1 and clouds grow grey1 ,to see the golden coach of day ,drive down amid the waves of ,spain4 ,but be it dark1 or be it bright1 ,o ,lord6 ,i praise ,thy name by day and night4 ,than to endure the inner strife1 ,the specious glare1 but real weight ,of pomp1 and power1 and pride1 and state1 ,and all the vanities of life2 ,how would we shudder could we deem ,that life itself1 in truth1 is but a fleeting dream4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,vii4 ,,luis4 -- ,,polonia4 ,,luis aside4 ,true to my purpose on ,i go1 ,with footsteps firm and bosom brave1 ,seeking for that mysterious cave ,wherein the pitying heavens will show ,how ,i salvation there may gain1 ,by bearing in this life the ,purgatorial pain4 ,to ,,polonia4 ,tell me1 ,o holy woman6 thou ,who in these wilds a home hast found1 ,a dweller in this mountain ground ,obedient to some sacred vow1 ,which is the road to ,patrick's cave1 ,where penitential man his soul in life may save8 ,,polonia4 ,o1 happy traveller6 who here ,hast come so far in storm and shine1 ,within this treasury divine ,to feel and find salvation near1 ,well can ,i guide thee on thy way1 ,since 'tis for this alone amid these wilds ,i stray4 ,seest thou this mountain8 ,,luis4 ,ah6 ,i see ,my death in it4 ,,polonia aside4 ,my heart grows cold4 ,ah6 who is this that ,i behold8 ,,luis aside4 ,i cannot think it4 ,is it she8 ,,polonia aside4 ',tis ,luis1 now ,i know4 ,,luis aside4 ,perhaps illusion it may be ,to baffle my intent1 and lead ,my erring feet astray4 -- to ,,polonia4 ,proceed4 ,,polonia aside4 ,say1 can it be to conquer me ,the common enemy doth send ,this spectre here8 ,,luis4 ,you do not speak4 ,,polonia4 ,attend4 ,this mighty mountain1 rock bestrown1 ,full well the dreaded secret knows2 ,but no one to its centre goes ,by any path o'er land alone3 ,he who would see this wondrous cave ,must in a bark put forth and tempt the lake's dark wave4 ,aside4 ,i struggle with a wish to wreak ,revenge1 which pity doth subdue4 ,,luis aside4 ,it doth my happiness renew ,once more to see and hear her speak4 ,,polonia aside4 ,within me opposite thoughts contend4 ,,luis aside4 ,ah1 me6 ,i die4 -- ,you do not speak4 ,,polonia4 ,attend4 ,this darksome lake doth all surround ,the lofty mountain's rugged base1 ,and so to reach the awful place ,an easy passage may be found3 ,a sacred convent in the island stands1 ,midway between the mountain and the sands4 ,some pious priests inhabit there1 ,and for this task alone they live1 ,with loving zeal to freely give ,the helping hand1 the strengthening prayer -- ,confession1 and the ,holy ,mass1 ,and every needful help to all who thither pass4 ,telling them what they first must do1 ,before they dare presume to go1 ,alive1 within the realm of woe4-- ,aside4 ,let not this enemy subdue ,my soul1 ,o ,lord6 ,,luis aside4 ,my hopes are fair4 ,let me not feel1 ,o ,lord6 the anguish of despair1 ,seeing before my startled sight ,my greatest1 deepest crime arise2 ,let not the fiend my soul that tries1 ,subdue me in this dreadful fight4 ,,polonia aside4 ',gainst what a powerful foe must ,i defend ,myself to-day6 ,,luis4 ,you do not speak4 ,,polonia4 ,attend4 ,,luis4 ,with quicker speed your story tell1 ,for well ,i know my soul hath need ,that ,i should go with swifter speed6 ,,polonia4 ,and me it doth import as well ,that you should go away4 ,,luis4 ,agreed4 ,now1 woman1 point the way to where my path doth lead4 ,,polonia4 ,no one accompanied can brave ,the terrors of this gloomy lake2 ,and so a skiff you needs must take1 ,and try alone the icy wave2 ,being in that most trying strait ,the absolute master of your acts and fate4 ,come where within a secret cave ,beside the shore the boat doth lie1 ,and trusting in the ,lord on high1 ,embark upon the crystal wave ,of this remote lone inland sea4 ,,luis4 ,my life and all ,i have ,i place1 ,o ,lord6 in ,thee4 ,and so ,i trust me to the bark2 ,but1 ,o my soul6 what sight is here1 ,a coffin doth the bark appear2 ,and ,i upon the waters dark ,alone must cross the icy tide4 ,he enters4 ,,polonia4 ,oh6 turn not back1 but follow and confide ,,luis within4 ,i've conquered6 sweet ,polonia's shade1 ,since sight of thee has not undone ,my shuddering soul4 ,,polonia4 ,and ,i have won1 ,here in this ,babylon delayed1 ,o'er wrath and rage the victory4 ,,luis within4 ,thy feigned resemblance does not frighten me1 ,though thou dost take a form ,might tempt my steps astray ,and make me turn despairing from my way4 ,,polonia4 ,thy fear doth badly thee inform1 ,poor to be brave and rich to be afraid1 ,for ,i ,polonia am1 and not her shade1 ,the same that thou didst slay1 ,but who by ,god's decree ,restored to life1 even in this misery1 ,is happier far to-day4 ,,luis within4 ,since ,i my sinful state ,confess1 and feel too well its fearful weight1 ,thy wrong1 oh1 pardon too6 ,,polonia4 ,i give it1 and approve of thy design4 ,,luis within4 ,my faith1 at least1 ,i never will resign4 ,,polonia4 ,that grace will be thy safeguard4 ,,luis within4 ,then1 adieu6 ,,polonia4 ,adieu6 ,,luis within4 ,may ,god in pity save4 ,,polonia4 ,and bring thee back victorious from the cave4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,viii4 ,,the ,,entrance ,,of ,a ,,convent -- ,,at ,,the ,,end ,,the ,,cave ,,of ,,patrick4 ,two ,canons ,regular2 afterwards ,luis4 ,,first ,,canon4 ,see1 the waters of the lake ,move although no breeze doth blow399 ,without doubt to-day some pilgrim ,roweth to this island shore4 footnote 99,single asonante in the long accented o1 which is kept up to the end of the ,scene4 ,,second ,,canon4 ,come unto the strand to see ,who can be so brave and bold ,as to seek our gloomy dwelling1 ,crossing the dark waters o'er4 ,enter ,,luis4 ,,luis4 ,here my boat1 my coffin1 rather1 ,on the billows ,i bestow4 ,who his sepulchre has ever ,steered1 as ,i1 through fire and snow8 ,what a pleasant spot is this6 ,here has ,spring1 methinks1 invoked ,flowers of high and low degree ,to assemble at her court4 ,but this dismal mountain here1 ,how unlike the plain below6 ,yet they are the better friends ,by the contrasts that they show4 there the mournful birds of prey ,hoarsely croak1 presaging woe1 ,here the warblers in their joy ,charm us with their tuneful notes4 ,there the torrents leaping headlong ,fright us with their frenzied roar1 ,here the crystal streamlets gliding ,mirror back the sun's bright gold4 ,half way 'twixt that ugliness ,and this beauty1 ,i behold ,a plain building whose grave front ,fear and love at once provokes4 ,,first ,,canon4 ,happy wanderer1 who here ,hast arrived with heart so bold1 ,come unto my arms4 ,,luis4 ,the ground ,that you tread on suits me more4 ,oh1 for charity conduct me ,to the ,prior of your fold1 ,to the ,abbot of this convent4 ,,first ,,canon4 ,though unworthy1 you behold ,him in me4 ,speak4 ,what's your wish8 ,,luis4 ,father1 if my name ,i told1 ,i'm afraid that swiftly flying1 ,with a terror uncontrolled1 ,you would leave me3 for my works ,are so shocking to unfold1 ,that to see them not1 the sun ,wraps him round in mourning robes4 ,i am an abyss of crimes1 ,a wild sea that has no shore2 ,i am a broad map of guilt1 ,and the greatest sinner known4 ,yes1 in me1 to tell it briefly ,in one comprehensive word 7,here my breath doth almost fail me71 ,luis ,enius behold6 ,i come here this cave to enter1 ,if for sins so manifold ,aught can ever satisfy1 ,let my penance thus atone ,to the ,bishop of ,hibernia ,i've confessed1 and am absolved1 ,who informed of my intention ,with a gracious love consoled ,all my fears1 and unto thee ,sent these letters ,i unfold4 ,,first ,,canon4 ,do not in a single day ,take1 my son1 a step so bold1 ,for these things require precaution ,more than can at once be told4 ,stay here as our guest some days1 ,then at leisure we can both ,see about it and decide4 ,,luis4 ,no1 my father1 no1 oh1 no6 ,never from the ground ,i'll rise1 ,where here prostrate ,i am thrown1 ,till you grant to me this good4 ,it was ,god that touched my soul1 ,and inspired me to come here2 ,not a vain desire to know1 ,not ambition to find out ,secrets ,god1 perchance1 withholds4 ,do not baffle this intention1 ,for the call is heaven's alone4 ,oh1 my father6 yield in pity1 ,with me in my griefs condole1 ,give my sorrows consolation1 ,heal the anguish of my soul4 ,,first ,,canon4 ,luis1 you have not considered what you ask of me2 you know ,nothing of the infernal torments ,you must bear3 to undergo ,these your strength is insufficient4 ,many are there1 more the woe6 ,who go in1 but few1 alas6 ,who return4 ,,luis4 ,your threats forebode ,much2 but still they fright not me2 ,for ,i do protest1 ,i go ,but to purge away my sins1 ,which if numbered are much more ,than the atoms of the sun ,and the sands upon the shore4 ,i will ever have my hope ,firmly fixed upon the ,lord1 ,at whose holy name even hell ,is subdued4 ,,first ,,canon4 ,the fervid glow ,of your words compels me now ,to unlock the awful doors4 ,luis1 you behold the cave3 ,see6 ,he opens the mouth of the cave4 ,,luis4 ,oh1 save me1 gracious ,god6 ,,first ,,canon4 ,what6 dismayed8 ,,luis4 ,no1 not dismayed2 ,still it scared me to behold4 ,,first ,,canon4 ,i admonish you again1 ,for no lesser cause to go1 ,than a firm belief that there ,for your sins you may atone4 ,,luis4 ,father1 ,i am in the cave3 ,listen to my voice once more1 ,men and wild beasts1 skies and mountains1 ,day and night1 and sun and moon1 ,to you all ,i here protest1 ,ay1 a thousand times make known1 ,that ,i enter here to suffer ,torments for my sins untold2 ,for so great1 so dread a penance ,is but little to atone ,for such sins as mine1 believing ,that the cave salvation holds4 ,,first ,,canon4 ,enter then1 and in your mouth1 ,as within your heart's deep core1 ,be the name of ,jesus4 ,,luis4 ,be ,with me1 ,lord1 ,o gracious ,lord1 ,for here1 armed but with ,thy faith1 ,i am pitted 'gainst my foe ,in the open field4 ,that name ,will my enemy o'erthrow4 ,crossing myself many times ,i advance4 ,oh1 save me1 ,god6 ,he enters the cave which they close4 ,,first ,,canon4 ,of the many who have entered ,none has equal courage shown4 ,oh1 enable him1 just ,jesus1 ,to resist the demon host ,and their wiles1 relying ever ,upon ,thee1 divinest ,lord4 ,exeunt4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,,ix4 ,,lesbia1 ,,philip1 ,,leogaire1 ,the ,captain1 and ,,polonia4 ,,lesbia4 ,before we reach the place1 ,whither you wish to lead us1 for a space ,let us say why we came ,to see you here to-day3 a definite aim ,all of us here has brought4 ,,polonia4 ,speak as we go whatever be your thought1 ,still following where ,i lead1 ,for ,i a sight that doth all sights exceed ,will bring you here to see4 ,,lesbia4 ,what1 then1 our wishes were you hear from me4 ,polonia1 you desired ,in this wild mountain waste to live retired1 ,making of me the heir1 ,while living1 of your kingdom4 ,i would share ,with you in turn my plans1 however small1 ,and so ,i hither come to tell you all4 ,my will is in your hands2 ,i ask not counsel1 sister1 but commands4 ,a single woman scarce can ever be ,strong through advice1 and of necessity ,she must be married4 ,,polonia4 ,yes2 and if your choice ,has fallen on ,philip ,i may well rejoice1 ,for then to me you'll owe ,both crown and husband4 ,,philip4 ,may you live whilst glow ,the sun's bright beams1 that orb which dies at night1 ,and ,phoenix of its rays is born with morning's light4 ,,polonia4 ,then since you thus have gained ,your wish1 ye two1 now free and unconstrained1 ,listen to what ,i tell1 ,and all who hear me listen too1 as well4 ,with all the outward show ,of fervour came a man1 whom we all know1 ,seeking for ,patrick's cave1 ,to enter there1 and so his soul to save4 ,he entered it1 and cometh forth today1 ,and 'tis because my terror and dismay ,are balanced by my wonder1 that with me ,i bring you to behold this holy prodigy4 ,i do not tell you who he is lest fear ,should so my heart make craven1 that ,i ne'er ,could reach the end ,i sought3-- ',tis for this object that you here are brought4 ,,lesbia4 ,it is but only right ,that ,i should mingle terror with delight4 ,,polonia4 ,if strength from him hath fled1 ,and he extended in the cave lies dead1 ,at least 'twill show ,his punishment2 and if he comes1 we'll know ,the mystery that is here2 ,if safe he comes1 who cometh forth1 through fear ,perchance he may not speak1 ,but1 flying men1 some solitude may seek ,to live and die alone4 ,,leogaire4 ,what mighty mysteries lie here unknown4 ,,captain4 ,the time is opportune that we come here1 ,for the religious whom we see draw near1 ,all bathed in tears1 now go ,to the cave's mouth in solemn1 silent row ,to throw the gates aside4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scene ,x4 ,the procession advances to the cave2 the gates are opened by the ,prior and his assistants4 ,,luis ,,enius comes forth1 astonished4-- ,,the ,,same4 ,,prior4 ,and those of heaven1 ,o ,lord1 keep open wide ,to penitent tears and sighs4 ,may this poor sinner from these dungeons rise1 ,this dark and dismal place1 ,where never shines the radiance of ,thy face4 ,,polonia4 ,the gate is opened4 ,,prior4 ,oh1 what happiness6 ,,philip4 ',tis ,luis6 ,,luis4 ,bless me1 heaven6 in pity bless6 ,ah6 is it possible that ,i am here ,again on earth after so many a year1 ,and that once more ,i see ,the light of the sun8 ,,captain4 ,how rapt6 ,,leogaire4 ,how dazed is he6 ,,prior4 ,embrace us all1 my son4 ,,luis4 ,my arms were prison chains to every one4 ,polonia1 since thou'rt here1 ,thy pity ,i may claim without a fear4 ,and thou1 ,o ,philip1 know ,that thrice an angel saved thee from the blow ,of my sharp sword3 two nights ,i watched for thee ,to slay thee2 may my error pardoned be4 ,now flying from myself1 oh1 let me hide1 ,and in some wilderness abide -- ,far from the world in solitude and pain1 ,for he who saw what ,i have seen would feign1 ,so suffering live1 so die4 ,,prior4 ,then on the part of ,god1 ,o ,enius6 ,i ,command thee what thou hast seen at once to say4 ,,luis4 ,so sacred a command ,i must obey3-- ,and that the startled world may now begin ,a better course1 and man from mortal sin ,my words may waken like some midnight wail1 ,listen1 ,o grave assembly to my tale4 ,after all the preparations1 ,fit and solemn were effected199 ,which in such a perilous case ,might be needed and expected1 ,and when ,i from all around me1 ,firm in faith1 with courage strengthened1 ,tenderly farewell had taken ,this dark cavern here to enter1 ,i my trust reposed in ,god1 ,and my lips repeating ever ,those mysterious1 mystic words1 ,at which even the demons tremble1 ,i then placed me on the threshold1 ,where1 until1 as ,i expected1 ,they would close the gate1 ,i stood4 ,it was closed1 and ,i remember ,then ,i found me in black night1 ,whence the light was so ejected1 ,that ,i closed on it mine eyes4 7,a strange way it seems1 but certain ,to see better in the dark47 ,with my lids thus closed together ,on ,i went1 and felt a wall ,which in front of me extended2 ,and by following it1 and groping ,for about the length of twenty ,paces1 came upon some rocks1 ,and perceived through a small crevice ,of this rugged mountain wall ,that a doubtful glimmer entered ,of a light that was not light1 ,as when the day the dark disperses1 ,if 'tis morning1 or not morning1 ,oft the twilight is uncertain4 ,with light steps a path pursuing1 ,by the left-hand side ,i entered1 ,when ,i felt a strange commotion2 ,the firm earth began to tremble1 ,and upheaving 'neath my feet1 ,ruin and convulsion threatened4 ,stupified ,i stopped there1 when ,with a voice which woke my senses ,from forgetfulness and fainting1 ,loud a thunder-clap re-echoed1 ,and the ground on which ,i stood ,bursting open in the centre1 ,it appeared as if ,i fell ,to a depth where ,i lay buried ,in the loosened stones and earth ,which had after me descended4 ,then ,i found me in a hall ,built of jasper1 where the presence ,of the chisel was made known ,by its ornate architecture4 ,through a door of bronze twelve men ,then advanced and came directly ,where ,i stood1 who1 clothed alike ,in unspotted snow-white dresses1 ,with a courteous air received me1 ,and too humbly did me reverence4 ,one1 who seemed to be among them ,the superior1 said3 ,remember ,that in ,god you place your faith1 ,and that you be not dejected ,in your battle with the demons2 ,for if moved by what they threaten1 ,or may promise1 you turn back1 ,you will have to dwell for ever ,in the lowest depths of hell ,amid torments most excessive4 ,angels were these men for me1 ,and so greatly was ,i strengthened ,by their counsel and advice ,that revived ,i once more felt me4 ,on a sudden then the whole ,hall unto mine eyes presented ,nothing but infernal visions1 ,fallen angels1 the first rebels1 ,and in forms so horrible1 ,so disgusting1 that resemblance ,it would be in vain to look for2 ,and one said to me3 ,demented ,reckless fool1 who here hast wished ,prematurely to present thee ,to thy destined punishment1 ,and the pains that thou deservest2 ,if thy sins are so immense1 ,that thyself must needs condemn them1 ,since thou in the eye of ,god ,never can have hope of mercy1 ,why has thou come here thyself ,to endure them8 ,back to earth1 then1 ,go1 oh6 go1 and end thy life2 ,and as thou hast lived1 so perish4 ,then again thou'lt come to see us2 ,for hath hell prepared already ,that dread seat in which thou must ,sit for ever and for ever4-- ,i did answer not a word2 ,and then giving me some heavy ,blows1 my hands and feet they bound1 ,tieing them with thongs together1 ,and then caught and wounded me ,with sharp hooks of burning metal1 ,dragging me through all the cloisters1 ,where they lit a fire and left me ,headlong plunged amid the flames4 ,i but cried1 ,o ,jesus6 help me4 ,at the words the demons fled1 ,and the fire went out and ended ,then they brought me to a plain ,where the blackened earth presented ,fruits of thistles and of thorns1 ',stead of pink and rose sweet scented4 ,here a biting wind passed by1 ,which with subtle sharpness entered ,even my bones1 whose faintest breath ,like the keenest sword-edge cleft me4 ,here in the profoundest depths ,sadly1 mournfully lamented ,myriad souls1 their parents cursing ,from whose loins they had descended4 ,such despairing shrieks and cries1 ,such blaspheming screams were blended1 ,such atrocious oaths and curses ,so repeated and incessant1 ,that the very demons shuddered4 ,i passed on1 and in a meadow ,found me next1 whose plants and grasses ,were all flames1 which waved and bent them1 ,as when in the burning ,august ,wave the gold ears all together4 ,so immense it was1 the sight ,never could make out where ended ,this red field1 and in it lay ,an uncountable assemblage ,all recumbent in the fire2 ,through their bodies and their members ,burning spikes and nails were driven2 ,these with feet and hands extended ,were held nailed upon the ground1 ,vipers of red fire the entrails ,gnawed of some2 while others lying1 ,with their teeth in maniac frenzy ,bit the earth2 and some there were ,piecemeal who themselves dismembered1 ,and who seemed to die1 but only ,to revive and die for ever4 ,there the ministers of death ,flung me from them bound and helpless1 ,but at the sweet name of ,jesus ,all their fury fled and left me4 ,i passed on1 and found me where ,some were cured1 by a strange method1 ,of their cruel wounds and torments2 ,lead and burning pitch were melted1 ,and being poured upon their sores ,made a cautery most dreadful4 ,who that hears me will not mourn8 ,who that hears this awful lesson ,will not sigh and will not weep1 ,will not fear and will not tremble8 ,then ,i saw a certain building1 ,out of which bright rays extended ,from the windows and the doors1 ,as when conflagration settles ,on a house1 the flame bursts forth ,where an opening is presented4 ,this1 they told me1 is the villa ,of delights1 the bath of pleasures1 ,the abode of the luxurious1 ,where are punished all those women ,who were in the other life1 ,from frivolity excessive1 ,too much given to scented waters1 ,unguents1 rouges1 baths1 and perfumes4-- ,i went in1 and there beheld1 ,in a tank of cold snow melted1 ,many lovely women bathing1 ,with an upturned look of terror2 ,underneath the water they ,were the prey of snakes and serpents1 ,for the fishes and the sirens ,of this sea they represented2 ,in the clear transparent crystal ,stiff and frozen were their members1 ,icy hard their hair was lifted1 ,chattering struck their teeth together4 ,passing out1 the demons brought me ,to a mountain so tremendous ,in its height1 that as it rose ,through the sky its peak dissevered1 ,if it did not tear and rend1 ,the vast azure veil celestial2 ,in the middle of this peak ,a volcano stood1 which1 belching ,flames1 appeared as if to spit them ,in the very face of heaven4 ,from this burning cone1 this crater1 ,fire at intervals ascended ,in which issued many souls1 ,who again its womb re-entered1 ,oft repeating and renewing ,this ascending and descending4 ,at this time a scorching wind ,caught me when ,i least expected1 ,blowing me from where ,i stood1 ,so that instantly it set me ,in the depths of that abyss4 ,i too was shot up3 a second ,wind-gust came1 that with it brought ,myriad legions1 who impelled me ,rudely to another part1 ,where it seemed ,i saw assembled ,all the other souls ,i had seen1 ,but who here were all collected2 ,and though this was the abode ,where the pains were most excessive1 ,i remarked that all therein ,faces bore of glad expression1 ,countenances calm and sweet1 ,no impatience in their gestures ,or their words2 but with their eyes ,fixed on heaven1 as if thus set there ,to ask mercy1 ever weeping ,tears of tenderness and penance4 ,that it was the ,purgatory ,i at once by this detected1 ,where the happy souls are purged from ,their more venial offences4 ,i was not subdued even here1 ,though the demons stormed and threatened ,me the more3 ,i rather felt ,by the sight renewed and strengthened4 ,then they1 seeing that they could not ,shake my constancy1 presented ,to my eyes their greatest torments1 ,that which is in an especial ,sense called hell2 and so they brought me ,to a river1 all the herbage ,of whose banks was flowers of fire1 ,and whose stream was sulphur melted2 ,the dread monsters of its tide ,were the hydras and the serpents2 ,it was very wide1 and o'er it ,was a narrow bridge suspended1 ,which but seemed a line1 no more1 ,and so delicate and slender ,that in my opinion no one ,without breaking it could ever ,pass across4 ,look here1 they said1 ,by this narrow way 'tis destined ,thou must cross2 see thou the means4 ,and for thy o'erwhelming terror ,see how those have fared who tried ,before thee4 and then directly ,i saw those who tried to pass ,fall into the stream1 where serpents ,tore them in a thousand pieces ,with their claws and teeth's sharp edges4 ,i invoked the name of ,god1 ,and could dare with it to venture ,to the other side to pass1 ,without yielding to the terror ,of the winds and of the waves1 ,though they fearfully beset me4 ,yes ,i passed1 and in a wood1 ,so delightful and so fertile1 ,found me1 that in it ,i could1 ,after what had passed1 refresh me4 ,on my way as ,i advanced1 ,cedars1 palms1 their boughs extended1 ,trees of paradise indeed1 ,as ,i may with strictness term them2 ,all the ground being covered over ,with the rose and pink together ,formed a carpet1 in whose hues ,white and green and red were blended4 ,there the amorous song-birds sang ,tenderly their sweet distresses1 ,keeping1 with the thousand fountains ,of the streams1 due time and measure4 ,then upon my vision broke ,a great city1 proud and splendid1 ,which had even the sun itself ,for its towers' and turrets' endings2 ,all the gates were of pure gold1 ,into which had been inserted ,exquisitely1 diamonds1 rubies1 ,topaz1 chrysolite1 and emerald4 ,ere ,i reached the gates they opened1 ,and the saints in long procession ,solemnly advanced to meet me1 ,men and women1 youths and elders1 ,boys and girls and children came1 ,all so joyful and contented4 ,then the seraphim and angels1 ,in a thousand choirs advancing1 ,to their golden instruments ,sang the symphonies of heaven2 ,after them at last approached ,the most glorious and resplendent ,patrick1 the great patriarch1 ,who his gratulations telling ,that ,i had fulfilled my word ,ere ,i died1 as he expected1 ,he embraced me2 all displaying ,joy and gladness in my welfare4 ,thus encouraged he dismissed me1 ,telling me no mortal ever1 ,while in life1 that glorious city ,of the saints could hope to enter2 ,that once more unto the world ,i should go my days to end there4 ,finally my way retracing1 ,i came back1 quite unmolested ,by the dark infernal spirits1 ,and at last the gate of entrance ,having reached1 you all came forward ,to receive me and attend me4 ,and since ,i from so much danger ,have escaped1 oh6 deign to let me1 ,pious fathers1 here remain ,till my life is happily ended49999 footnote 99,asonante in e--e1 which is kept up to the end4 footnote 9999,for the account of ,st4 ,patrick's ,purgatory1 as given by ,messingham1 see ,notes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,for with this the history closes1 ,as it is to us presented ,by ,dionysius the ,carthusian1 ,with ,henricus ,salteriensis1 ,matthew ,paris1 ,ranulph ,higden1 ,and ,caesarius ,heisterbacensis1 ,marcus ,marulus1 ,mombritius1 ,david ,rothe1 the prudent prelate1 ,and ,vice-,primate of all ,ireland1 ,belarminus1 ,dimas ,serpi1 ,bede1 ,jacobus1 and ,solinus1 ,messingham1 and to express it ,in a word1 the ,christian faith ,and true piety that defend it4 ,for the play is ended where ,its applause1 ,i hope1 commences499 footnote 99,for an explanation of this list of names1 now for the first time correctly printed1 see ,note on ,the authorities for the ,legend1 as given by ,calderon4 ,,the ,,end4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,notes4 ,,act ,,the ,,first4 ,,scene ,,ii41 p4 #bdg4 ,patrick is my name1 my country ,ireland1 and an humble hamlet ,scarcely known to men1 called ',empthor'1 ,is my place of birth4 ,the passage in the original is as follows3-- ,mi propio nombre es ,patricio1 ,mi patria ,irland o ,hibernia1 ,mi pueblo 'es ,tax4' ',hartzenbusch'1 t4 ,i1 p4 #aej4 ,this is the reading of all the editions1 and has been adopted in the ,german translation of the drama by ,al4 ,jeitteles 7,brunn1 #ahbd74 ,tax looks very unlike the name of a village1 and it appears to me to be simply a misprint4 ,the whole of this speech of ,st4 ,patrick is taken from the ',vida y ,purgatorio' of ,juan ,perez de ,montalvan4 ,the description of ,st4 ,patrick's birth-place1 as given by ,montalvan1 is as follows3-- ,en cuya jurisdicion ay un ,pueblo1 de pocos moradores1 ,ilamado ,emptor4 ,aqui nacio un moco1 etc4 7edition of #affd1 f4 ,i47 ,it is quite plain that es ,tax in ,calderon's play is an easily understood misprint for the ,emptor of ,montalvan4 ,mi patria ,irlanda o ,hibernia1 ,mi pueblo ,emptor1 even metrically1 is a better reading than -- ,mi patria ,irlanda o ,hibernia1 ,mi pueblo es ,tax4 ,in the hymn of ,st4 ,fiacc1 a contemporary of the ,apostle1 the birthplace of ,st4 ,patrick is said to have been at ,empthor1 or ,nemthur1 as it is sometimes printed4 ,the same locality is assigned to it in the ,tripartite ,life of ,saint ,patrick1 but considerable controversy has arisen as to the exact position of the place4 ,see ,the ,life of ,saint ,patrick1 by ,p4 ,lynch1 ,dublin1 #ahbh3 ,st4 ,patrick1 ,apostle of ,ireland1 by ,j4 ,h4 ,todd1 ,d4,d4 7#ahfd72 and ,the ,life of ,st4 ,patrick1 by ,m4 ,f4 ,cusack1 ,kenmare1 ,co4 ,kerry 7#ahfi71 a most elaborate and very beautiful work4 ,,scene ,,ii41 p4 #beb4 ,this long address of ,patrick is founded on the following passages of the story as originally told in ,montalvan's ,vida y ,purgatorio de ,san ,patricio1 ,madrid1 #afbg4 ,the translation is made as literal as possible1 to show how closely ,calderon followed even the language of ,montalvan4 ,chapter ,i4 -- ,between the north and west is situated the ,island of ,hibernia1 or ,ireland1 as it is at present more usually called4 ,it was once known as the ,island of ,saints1 because its inhabitants were ever ready to shed their blood in the lists of martyrdom1 which is the highest proof of courage which the ,faithful can give2 since life being so dear to us1 it is a most heroic act for the sake of religion to offer it to the sacrilegious hands of a tyrant that only lives in seeing others die4 ,in this island there was a village with a few inhabitants1 called ,emptor1 which the sea1 like a cincture of snow1 not only encircled but appeared to bind4 ,here was born a youth of such virtuous dispositions that he seemed to belie the promise of his years1 since virtue and adolescence are not easily reconciled4 ,he gave himself much to the reading of the ,lives of the ,saints1 of whose exercises he was a great imitator1 very fearful of those snares which lie in the way of youth1 and which1 though he escaped1 he was not without a disposition to fall into4 4 4 4 4 ,this youth was ,st4 ,patrick's father1 who married ,conchessa1 a ,french lady1 as mentioned by ,calderon1 who1 in the older ,lives of ,st4 ,patrick1 is said to have been the sister of ,st4 ,martin of ,tours4 ,after the birth of ,patrick1 ,st4 ,conchessa1 his mother1 retired to a convent1 and his father became a priest4 ,the story then continues4 ,patrick remained in his early years under the tutelage of his aunt1 and ,god was so desirous of showing to the world the favours with which ,he had pre-determined to honour that pure soul1 that ,he did not wait for the time when ,patrick would be of an age to ask for them2 since before he could speak the words ,god declared ,himself his friend4 ,for a blind man1 ,gormas 7a neighbour of his in that village71 heard one day a voice in the air which said to him1 that ifhe went to ,patrick 7a child recently baptised71 who would with his right hand make the sign of the cross upon his eyes1 he would be restored to sight4 ,he did so1 and saw3 ,god no doubt to foreshadow by this the great things that he would eventually work through this ,his servant4 ,and this predestination1 as it were1 ,he made more remarkable by another miracle1 which1 if it was not greater1 was more acknowledged and more widely known from the number of persons who were astonished at beholding it4 ,in a certain year1 it happened that such a quantity of snow had fallen from heaven1 so great was the extent of the thaw when the sun melted it1 that the water covered all the ground1 and grew to the dimensions of a lake1 which1 spreading into the village1 inundated all the houses1 putting even that of ,patrick in the greatest danger4 ,but he1 being then only ten years old1 with a lively and courageous faith made the sign of the cross upon the waters1 and in the sight of all compelled them to retire into the bed of the sea1 the land remaining as dry and as free from snow as in the height of summer4 4 4 4 4 ,one morning1 being about the age of sixteen years1 as he stood by the shore of the sea1 reciting the ,psalter with some of his companions1 certain pirates made a sudden descent upon the coast1 and having seized them1 re-embarked immediately through fear of being baulked of their prize4 ,patrick was brought to a remote extremity of ,ireland1 and1 like another ,joseph1 was sold to a prince of that island1 who1 thinking him fit for nothing else1 gave to him the care of his sheep4 ,this was an occupation very agreeable to ,patrick1 for as love can avow itself more openly in solitude1 he spent all the night and all the day in loving and conversing with ,god1 making altars of the rocks and of the flowers1 on which to make to ,him the entire sacrifice of his heart4 ,the astonishing increase of the flock1 which multiplied every day beneath his charge1 soon became known to his master1 who1 being one night asleep1 saw among the obscure visions of his dreams his slave ,patrick rejoicing and surrounded by a great light1 from whose mouth issued a beautiful and resplendent flame1 which touching his two daughters1 who he thought were by his side1 burned them and reduced them to ashes1 leaving himself alone untouched by that sweet and amorous flame4 ,frightened at such an astonishing vision1 scarcely had the day come1 when he sent for his slave and related to him what had occurred1 asking him to explain the mystery of that terrible dream4 ,to which ,patrick replied1 with great tranquillity1 that the flame which he had seen come from his mouth could only be the ,faith of the most ,holy ,trinity1 which for a long time he had desired to preach to him and his daughters4 ,and further1 that it was because this doctrine would make no impression on his soul the flame refused to touch him1 he dying blind in his infidelity4 ,but because his daughters would eventually be convinced of the truth1 ,god permitted them to be burned by the flame of ,his ,faith and ,his ,love1 so as to fulfil the end for which they were created4 ,with this ,patrick took leave of his master and returned to his flock1 leaving him so confused that he did not know whether he should punish him for what he had announced2 all which happened in the manner the saint had predicted4 ,in this way he lived some years1 and our ,lord1 seeing that the solitude in which ,his servant passed his life in the fields was very great1 sent to him as a companion his guardian angel1 ,victor1 to whom he could communicate his thoughts1 and from whom he would receive consolation in his slavery4 ,but one night1 being engaged in prayer1 and yielding his spirit to a divine ecstasy and rapture1 he saw as in a mirror a man of dignified appearance1 whose dress gave him to understand that he was of the same country as himself4 ,this personage seemed to be the bearer of a letter1 the superscription of which ,patrick approaching to read1 he saw these words3 -- ',the voice of the ,irish people'4 ,and as he hastened to open the letter to see its contents1 it seemed that within it were all the inhabitants of ,ireland1 men1 women1 and children1 even the little infants1 all crying out to him and saying1 ,patrick1 ,patrick1 we implore that you will come to us and free us from this slavery4 ,the ,saint upon this awoke1 and consulting his angel1 asked him to be released from his captivity1 since he had a great desire to return to his country and assist those who had such need of him4 -- ',vida y ,purgatorio de ,s4 ,patricio'1 per el ,doctor ,juan ,perez de ,montalvan4 ,madrid1 #afbh1 and ,madrid1 #affd4 ,the visit to ,st4 ,germain in ,france is then described3 his residence with ,st4 ,martin of ,tours1 the journey to ,rome1 and all the other events follow in detail1 which ,montalvan collected from ,messingham1 ,messingham's chief authority being the ,life of ,st4 ,patrick1 by ,jocelin4 ,these are all briefly epitomised in the address of the ,angel ,victor1 as given by ,calderon at the end of the first act4 ,,scene ,,ii41 p4 #bfb4 ,the story of ,luis ,enius1 as given by ,calderon in this long address1 seems to be entirely the invention of ,montalvan4 ,it is told in the sixth chapter of his ,vida y ,purgatorio de ,san ,patricio1 and in the edition of #afbh fills over forty pages4 ,calderon follows the narrative very closely1 but in one noticeable incident he greatly improves upon his predecessor4 ,this is in the celebrated skeleton scene of the third act4 ,the corresponding scene in ,montalvan's story is puerile enough4 ,in ,montalvan ,luis ,enius has no interview with the skeleton1 so powerfully described by ,calderon4 ,his conversion is effected by a floating piece of paper which had eluded his grasp for two nights1 but which he seized on the third1 and examined by a mysterious light at the foot of a cross4 ,on the paper he perceived the representation of a skull1 under which is written1 ,i am ,luis ,enius4 ,how utterly ineffective and commonplace this is compared with the fine scene in ,calderon need not be pointed out4 ,the story of the vision of himself at ,lerici1 as recorded in some of the lives of the poet ,shelley1 which is almost identical with that in ,calderon1 was evidently suggested by this scene4 ,shelley's reference to the ,purgatorio de ,san ,patricio in a note to ,the ,cenci shows the attention with which he read this drama4 ,the ,embozado which ,captain ,medwin and others supposed to be the name of one of ,calderon's dramas1 and which1 as might be expected1 ,washington ,irving vainly looked for in ,spain1 was the ,hombre embozado1 the ,muffled ,figure of ,calderon's ,purgatorio de ,san ,patricio1 act #c1 scene i4 ,a vivid description of this scene by ,shelley to one of his friends may have been mistaken for a circumstance that had actually happened to the poet himself4 ,,scene ,,viii4 ,the ,athenaeum1 in its elaborate review of the earlier translation of this drama1 thus writes3-- ,with the prayer of ,st4 ,patrick considerable licence has been taken2 but its spirit is well preserved1 and the translator's poetry must be admired4 ,,patrick4 ,thou art of all created things1 ,o ,lord1 the essence and the cause -- ,the source and centre of all bliss2 ,what are those veils of woven light1 ,where sun and moon and stars unite -- ,the purple morn1 the spangled night -- ,but curtains which thy mercy draws ,between the heavenly world and this8 ,the terrors of the sea and land -- ,when all the elements conspire1 ,the earth and water1 storm and fire -- ,are but the shadows of thy hand2 ,do they not all in countless ways -- ,the lightning's flash -- the howling storm -- ,the dread volcano's awful blaze -- ,proclaim thy glory and thy praise8 ,beneath the sunny summer showers ,thy love assumes a milder form1 ,and writes its angel name in flowers2 ,the wind that flies with winged feet ,around the grassy gladdened earth1 ,seems but commissioned to repeat ,in echo's accents -- silvery sweet -- ,that thou1 ,o ,lord1 didst give it birth4 ,there is a tongue in every flame -- ,there is a tongue in every wave -- ,to these the bounteous ,godhead gave ,these organs but to praise his name6 ,o mighty ,lord of boundless space1 ,here canst thou be both sought and found -- ,for here in everything around1 ,thy presence and thy power ,i trace4 ,with ,faith my guide and my defence1 ,i burn to serve in love and fear2 ,if as a slave1 ,oh1 leave me here6 ,if not1 ,o ,lord1 remove me hence6 ,the ,athenaeum1 ,oct4 #bf1 #ahec4 ,,act ,,the ,,third4 ,,scene ,x4 ,the account of ,st4 ,patrick's ,purgatory given by ,luis ,enius in this long narrative is taken immediately from the seventh1 eighth1 and ninth chapters of ,montalvan's ,vida y ,purgatorio de ,san ,patricio1 which1 as already stated1 are themselves a translation from the ,florilegium ,insulae ,sanctorum of ,messingham4 ,the following extracts are taken from the tract referred to in the ,introduction1 the full title of which is as follows3-- ,a ,,brief ,,history ,,of ,,saint ,,patrick',s ,,purgatory1 ,,and ,,its ,,pilgrimage4 ,collected out of ,ancient ,historians4 ,written in ,latin by the ,reverend ,,mr4 ,,thomas ,,messingham1 formerly ,superior of the ,irish ,seminary in ,paris4 ,paris1 #afbd4 ,and now made ,english in favour of those who are curious to know the ,particulars of that ,famous ,place and ,pilgrimage so much celebrated by ,antiquity4 ,printed at ,paris1 #agah4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,of the ,penitent ,soldier1 his going into this ,purgatory1 and of the ,messengers sent from ,god unto him4 ,there was a certain ,soldier called ,owen1 who had for many years served in ,king ,stephen's ,army4 ,this ,man1 having obtained ,licence from the ,king1 came to the ,north of ,ireland1 his ,native ,country1 to visit his ,parents2 and when he had continued there for some time1 he began to reflect upon the wickedness of the ,life he had led from his ,infancy2 upon his ,plundering and ,burning in the ,army2 and 7which grieved him more7 upon the many sacrileges he had been guilty of in ,robbing and ,spoiling ,churches2 together with many other ,enormous hidden ,sins4 ,being then interiorly moved to repentance1 he went to a certain ,bishop in that country1 and ,confess'd all his ,sins unto him4 ,the ,bishop severely reproved him1 and let him know how grievously he had provoked ,god's indignation4 ,the ,soldier hereupon being exceedingly sorrowful1 resolved to do penance suitable to the greatness of his ,sins4 ,for the ,people of that country have this ,naturally1 that as they are more prone to evil thro' ,ignorance than ,men of other ,countries199 so are they more ready and willing to do penance1 when they are made sensible of the ,enormity of their ,sins4 ,when the ,bishop wou'd then enjoin him such penance as he thought reasonable1 the ,soldier answered3 ,since you say that ,i have offended ,god so grievously1 ,i will undergo a penance more grievous than any other whatsoever4 ,i will go into ,st4 ,patrick's ,purgatory4 ,the ,bishop1 to diswade him from so bold an attempt1 related unto him1 how many had perished in that ,place2 but the ,soldier1 who never feared any danger1 wou'd not be diswaded4 ,the ,bishop advised him to take the ,habit of the ,canon ,regulars1 or that of the ,monks2 and the ,soldier declared he wou'd do neither till he had first gone into the said ,purgatory4 ,whereupon the ,bishop1 perceiving he was inflexible and ,truely penitent1 wrote by him to the ,prior of the place and charged him to deal with the ,soldier1 as was usually done with those1 who desire to enter this ,purgatory4 ,the ,prior1 upon perusal of the ,bishop's ,letter1 after that he had observed all the other ,formalities required1 conducted the ,soldier into the ,church1 where he passed the accustomed time of fifteen days in ,fast and ,prayer4 ,then the ,prior having celebrated ,mass gave him the ,sacrament1 called together his own ,brethern1 and the ,neighbouring ,clergy1 conducted him to the door of the ,cave1 sprinkled him with ,holy-water1 and made him this speech4-- ,behold thou shalt now enter in here1 in the ,name of our ,lord ,jesus ,christ1 and shalt walk thro' the ,hollow of this ,cave1 till thou comest to a ,field1 where thou shalt find a ,hall artificially wrought2 into which when thou hast enter'd thou shalt find ,messengers sent from ,god1 who shall tell thee in ,order what thou art to do1 and to suffer4 ,when these are gone and thou alone in the ,hall1 ,evil ,spirits will immediately come to tempt thee2 ,for so it happen'd to other that went in here before thee1 but be thou of ,manly courage1 and ,stedfast in the ,faith of ,jesus ,christ4 footnote 99,it should be mentioned that this unfavourable opinion of the ,irish people is quoted by ,messingham from the ,,ms4 of ,henry of ,saltrey1 an ,english monk1 who appears never to have been in ,ireland4 ,the ,soldier1 who fear'd no ,colours1 was no way frighten'd at what happen'd to others1 having often before1 ,arm'd with ,steel1 fought against ,men1 now arm'd with ,faith1 ,hope and ,charity1 and confiding in ,god's ,mercy1 went on boldly to fight against ,devils2 so recommending himself to all their ,prayers1 and making the ,sign of the ,cross on his ,forehead1 courageously enter'd the ,door1 which the ,prior ,locked on the outside and ,return'd in ,procession with his ,clergy to the ,church4 ,the ,soldier1 being desirous to ,war a new and an unusual ,warfare1 marched on boldly through the ,cave1 tho' alone1 where the ,darkness thickening upon him1 he lost all manner of ,light4 ,soon after a little glimmering light appear'd thro' the ,cave1 which led him to the ,field and ,hall aforesaid4 ,now there was no more light in this ,hall than we usually have in winter after ,sun-set4 ,the hall had no ,walls1 but was supported by ,pillars and ,arches on every ,side1 after the ,manner of the ,cloyster of a ,monastry4 ,walking awhile in this ,hall1 and admiring the ,beauty of its ,structure1 he saw the ,inclosure1 whose ,structure he also admired as being more ,beautiful4 ,wherefore having gone into it he sat down1 and ,casting his ,eyes about him to take a full ,view1 he observed fifteen ,men clad in white ,garments1 shorn and dress'd like ,monks1 coming in1 who saluted him in the name of the ,lord1 and sat down4 ,then after a short pause1 he that seem'd to be their ,prior and ,chief1 spoke to him after this ,manner3 ',blessed be the ,omnipotent ,god1 who put the good purpose into thy ,heart of coming into this ,purgatory for the cleansing of thy sins3 ,but if thou doest not behave thyself ,manly1 thou shalt perish both ,body and ,soul4 ,for immediately after we leave this ,house there will come a multitude of unclean ,spirits1 who shall inflict great ,torments upon thee1 and threaten thee with greater3 ,they will promise to lead thee to the ,door1 by which thou hast enter'd in here1 to see if by this means they might deceive thee1 and get thee to go out4 ,and if thou be overcome by the violence of their ,torments1 or frightened by their ,threats1 or deceiv'd by their ,promise1 and consent to their ,demands1 thou shalt be destroy'd both ,body and ,soul4 ,but if thou be strong in ,faith1 and trust in the ,lord1 so as not to yield to their ,torments1 or ,threats1 or ,promise2 but despise them with a generous ,heart1 thou shalt not only be purged of all thy ,sins1 but shall also see the ,torments which ,sinners endure1 and the ,place of ,rest and ,bliss which the ,just enjoy4 ,have ,god then always before thine ,eyes1 and as often as they ,torment thee1 call upon our ,lord ,jesus ,christ1 and by the ,invocation of ,his ,name1 thou shalt be deliver'd from whatever ,torment thou art in4 ,lay all these ,things up in thy ,mind quickly2 for we can stay here no longer1 but recommend thee to ,almighty ,god4' ,so having given the ,soldier their ,blessing1 they departed4 ,,chapter ,v4 ,of the ,coming of the ,devils1 and of the first ,torment which the ,soldier endured4 ,the ,soldier being thus left alone by the ,holy ,men1 began to exercise himself for a new kind of ,warfare1 and having put on the ,armour of ,christ1 stoutly waited for him1 among the ,devils1 who shou'd first provoke him to ,battle4 ,he put on the ,coat of ,mail of ,justice1 girt his ,mind1 as he wou'd his ,head1 with the ,helmet of the ,hope of ,victory and of eternal ,salvation1 cover'd his ,breast with the ,shield of ,faith1 and armed his ,hand with the ,sword of the ,spirit1 which is the ,word of ,god1 devoutly calling upon ,jesus ,christ1 that being defended by this ,royal ,fortress1 his insulting ,enemies might not conquer him4 ,nor did ,divine ,providence1 which always protects those who trust in it1 fail him4 ,being then1 as aforesaid1 sitting alone in the ,inclosure1 and with an undaunted ,courage waiting for a ,battle with the ,devils1 he heard all of a sudden so great a ,noise as if all the ,earth had been turn'd upside down3 ,and indeed1 if all the ,men1 and all the living creatures on ,earth1 in the ,sea1 and ,air1 had bellowed out together1 it seemed to him1 they cou'd not make a greater ,noise3 so that1 had he not been protected by ,divine ,virtue1 and happily instructed by the aforesaid ,holy man1 he wou'd infallibly have lost his ,senses4 ,but ,lo1 after this horrid ,sound1 there followed a sight of ,devils more horrid2 for there appear'd an innumerable multitude of ,devils1 in ugly frightful shapes2 who saluted him in a fleering manner and said3 ',other ,men who serve us1 do not come to our ,habitation till after ,death2 but thou art pleased to ,honour our ,company so much1 as that thou wouldst not1 like others wait for ,death2 but hast alive delivered both ,body and ,soul unto us3 ,thou has done this1 that thou mayst receive the greater ,reward from us3 ,thou shalt then be abundantly rewarded as thou hast deserv'd4 ,thou art come hither to be tortur'd for thy ,sins2 thou shalt then have what thou seekest1 that is1 ,pressures and ,grief4 ,yet for as much as thou hast hitherto served us1 if thou wilt follow our ,counsel1 and return from whence thou camest1 we will for thy reward lead thee safe to the ,door by which thou hast enter'd in here2 that thou mayest live joyfully in the ,world1 and not lose the sweet things which thy ,body is capable to enjoy4' ,all these things they said with an intent to deceive him1 either with ,terror or ,flattery4 ,but the stout ,soldier of ,jesus ,christ was not shaken by ,terror1 nor seduced by ,flattery2 and therefore contemned with an equal ,mind1 as well those that wou'd terrifie1 as those that wou'd flatter him1 in making them no ,answer4 ,the ,devils1 perceiving they had been despised by the ,soldier1 cast up a prodigious flame2 and having tyed him ,head and ,foot1 cast him into the ,fire1 and with ,iron ,crooks dragg'd him to and fro1 making a most hideous ,noise4 ,then the ,soldier having on the ,armour of ,god1 and remembering the ,documents given him by the ,holy ,men1 neither forgetting the ,arms of his ,spiritual ,warfare1 called upon the ,name of his pious ,redeemer1 saying3 ,jesus ,christ have pity upon me4 ,whereupon he was so fully deliver'd from the said ,flames1 that the least spark of all that great ,fire did not appear4 ,the ,soldier perceiving this mighty delivery1 became more bold1 and resolv'd to fear no more those whom he saw so easily overcome by calling for the ,assistance of ,jesus ,christ4 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,of the ,four ,penal ,fields to which the ,soldier was ,dragged4 ,then the ,devils leaving this ,hall with an hideous ,cry1 and an horrid ,tumult separated themselves4 ,some of them dragged the ,soldier thro' a vast ,region1 that was so dark and obscure1 that he cou'd see nothing but the ,devils4 ,there blew a burning ,wind in it1 which cou'd scarce be heard1 but yet so dry that it seemed to ,pierce his ,body4 ,from thence they dragged him towards those bounds of the ,earth where the ,sun rises at ,midsummer1 and being come thither1 as unto the end of the ,world1 they turn'd to the right ,hand and extended themselves over a large ,valley towards that part of the ,earth where the ,sun rises in the ,middle of ,winter4 ,here the ,soldier began to hear1 at a distance1 the most lamentable ,groans and ,sighs of a vast ,number of ,people2 and the nearer he drew1 the more he heard their doleful ,lamentations4 ,being brought at last by the ,devils to an exceeding long and large ,field1 whose bounds were out of sight1 he there discover'd an infinite ,number of ,men and ,women lying naked1 flat on their ,bellies1 with great ,iron ,spikes red hot fastening their ,hands and ,feet to the ,ground1 and ,miserably torturing them4 ,nay and observed them now and then1 biteing the ,earth for ,rage and ,pain1 crying and bawling out2 ,spare1 spare2 ,pity1 pity3 when there was none by1 who wou'd ,spare or ,pity4 ,on the contrary1 the ,devils ran over them with great ,scourges in their ,hands lashing the ,wretches1 and saying to the ,soldier3 ,thus shalt thou be tortur'd if thou dost not agree to go back to the ,door from when thou camest1 and to which we will conduct thee in ,peace4 ,but the ,soldier calling to mind how ,god had before delivered him1 despised their ,menaces3 ,then the ,devils cast him down on the ,ground1 and began to torture him4 ,but upon his invocating the ,lord ,jesus1 they failed in their attempt4 ,leaving then this ,field1 they drag him to another that was full of great ,misery2 for between this and the former1 there was this difference1 that whereas in the former the wretched ,people lay flat on their ,bellies1 here they sat only on their ,buttocks1 some whereof were surrounded with fiery ,dragons1 gnawing and biteing them after a lamentable manner4 ,others had fiery ,serpents twisted about their ,heads and ,necks1 fixing their ,stings in their ,hearts4 ,others in fine had monstrous big ,vultures perching upon their shoulders1 and sticking their horrid ,bills in their ,breasts as if they wou'd pull out their ,hearts4 ,besides all this1 the ,devils went running over them with dreadful ,scourges lashing and tormenting them1 so as that the poor wretches never ceas'd ,crying and ,lamenting4 ,all these ,torments 7say the ,devils to the ,soldier7 shalt thou suffer1 except thou consent to return from whence thou camest4 ,the ,soldier despised their ,threats1 and disabled them to do him any harm1 by calling upon the ,name of ,jesus4 ,quitting then this place1 they led the ,soldier to the third ,penal ,field4 ,this was also full of ,people of both ,sexes1 who lay fastened to the ground with so many ,iron ,spikes on ,fire1 fix'd thro' them1 and so thick set in their ,bodies1 that from ,head to ,foot there was scarce any where1 the ,breadth of a ,finger1 which had not been pierc'd4 ,these ,wretches cou'd indeed form a voice to cry2 but it was such as ,men in the ,point of death usually do3 ,they were naked also1 like the rest1 and were tortur'd over and above with a cold and burning ,wind1 besides what they suffer'd by the ,scourges of the ,devils4 ,now when the ,devils wou'd torture the ,soldier after this manner1 by calling upon the ,name of ,jesus he escaped untouched4 ,they drag him along to the fourth penal ,field1 which was full of great ,fires1 in which all manner of ,torments were to be seen4 ,some were here hung up in the ,air by the ,hands with red hot ,iron ,chains2 others by the ,hair2 some by the ,arms2 others by the ,legs with their ,heads downwards1 and dipped into boiling ,sulphur4 ,some hung by their ,nails1 with ,iron ,crooks fixt in their ,eyes1 in their ,ears1 in their ,jaws in their ,nostrils1 in their ,breasts1 and in other parts of their ,bodies2 others were fry'd in ,pans2 and others roasted by the ,fire on red hot ,spits1 which some of the ,devils turned1 while others basted them with various melted ,metals3 ,nor was the cruel scourging of the ,devils wanting1 even among the dreadful ,cries and ,lamentations of these wretched ,souls4 ,here the ,soldier saw many of his own companions and knew them2 yea1 and saw all manner of ,torments that can be imagin'd1 neither cou'd any ,tongue express the various ,cries and ,lamentations which he heard4 ,the ,devils having then expos'd all these to the ,soldier's view1 said unto him3 ,these1 and a great many more torments shalt thou endure1 except thou go back out of the ,cave4 ,but the ,soldier despised their ,threats1 called upon the ,name of ,jesus1 when the ,torments began1 and so escaped4 ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,of the ,fiery-,wheel1 ,smokey-,house1 ,high ,mountain1 and ,cold ,river to which the ,devils dragged the ,soldier4 ,then the ,devils carry'd away the ,soldier to an ,iron ,wheel1 that was red hot1 and of a prodigious bigness4 ,the ,spokes and ,stakes of this ,wheel were tarnished all round with ,iron ,crooks set on ,fire1 and on them hung ,men fixed4 ,one half of the ,wheel stood above1 and the other under ground3 the horrid sulphurous ,flame which issued from the ,earth and surrounded this ,wheel1 did exceedingly torment the ,men that hung on it4 ,the same 7say the ,devils to the ,soldier7 that these suffer if thou will not return1 shalt thou endure1 nay and even see first what it is4 ,then they fasten'd ,iron ,bars to the ,spokes of the ,wheel1 and turn'd it about with such ,celerity1 that not one ,man of those that hung upon it cou'd be discern'd from another2 for the whole ,wheel appear'd like a ,circle of ,fire3 ,and when they had fasten'd the ,soldier to it and1 by turning it about1 lift him up in the ,air1 he called upon the ,name of ,jesus1 and came down unhurt4 ,from hence they dragged him towards a ,certain ,house of an extraordinary breadth1 and so long that the ,end of it was out of sight4 ,when they drew near this ,house the ,soldier stood still1 being afraid to go forward in the excessive ,heat that came out of it4 ,then the ,devils said unto him3 ,what thou seest are ,baths1 and whether thou wilt or no1 thou shalt ,bath in them1 as others do that are there now4 ,immediately after1 there were heard the most dismal ,cries and ,lamentations imaginable proceeding from thence2 and being brought in1 he saw a cruel and horrid sight4 ,the ,floor of this ,house was full of round ,pits join'd so close together1 that no ,man cou'd walk between them3 and each of these ,pits was full of boiling ,liquors made of various ,mettals1 in which were plunged an infinite ,number of both ,sexes1 and of ,divers ,ages4 ,some were dipped down over ,head2 some to the ,eyes only2 ,others to the ,lips2 ,some to the ,neck2 ,others to the ,breast2 ,some to the ,navel2 ,others to the ,thighs2 ,some to the ,knees2 ,others to half the ,leg2 ,some had one ,leg only in2 ,others both the ,hands3 ,and thus were all these boiling ,pits or ,cauldrons filled with wretched ,sinners1 who set forth such dismal ,groans and ,lamentations as were sufficient to chill the ,blood of the most hard-hearted ,man4 ,here 7say the ,devils to the ,soldier7 shalt thou ,bath1 and with that they lifted him up and endeavour'd to cast him into one of the ,cauldrons1 but upon hearing the ,name of ,jesus they cou'd not prevail4 ,whereupon they quit this ,house1 and ,carry the ,soldier to an exceeding high ,mountain1 where they show him a ,number of ,men and ,women far beyond any of the former4 ,these ,wretches sat ,stark ,naked with their ,toes bent1 and look'd towards the ,north1 as if they expected every minute to expire that way4 ,and while the ,soldier stood wondering what they waited for1 one of the ,devils said unto him3 ,possibly thou wondrest what these ,people expect with so much trembling and fear1 but if thou agree not to go back1 thou shalt soon know to thy cost the cause of their ,fear4 ,the ,devil had scarce made an end of these ,words1 when a ,whirlwind from the ,north rushed upon them1 and blew away the ,devils1 the ,soldier1 and all the ,people1 and cast them over the other side of the ,mount into a ,river1 that stunk1 and was intolerably cold3 and as often as any of these wretched people attempted to raise themselves over the ,water1 the ,devils immediately plunged them down4 ,but the ,soldier1 who had always in mind his ,divine ,assistant1 called upon his ,redeemer ,jesus ,christ1 and so found himself ashore on the ,other ,side of the ,river4 ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,of the ,pit that cast up ,flames1 and of the ,high ,bridge to which the ,devils led the ,soldier4 ,the ,devils were not as yet satisfied with all the injuries they had offer'd to the ,soldier of ,jesus ,christ1 and therefore dragged him towards the ,south1 where he saw before him a dreadful ,flame of ,sulphurous ,matter rising out of a ,deep ,pit1 and vomiting up ,men red hot like ,sparks of ,fire1 and as the force of the ,flames abated1 falling down again into the ,pit4 ,when they came near this ,pit1 the ,devils said to the ,soldier3 ',this is the entrance to ,hell2 this is our ,habitation3 and for as much as thou hast hitherto carefully served us1 here thou shalt for ever continue with us2 for all those who serve us dwell here everlastingly4 ,and when thou shalt once go in1 thou shalt eternally perish both ,body and ,soul4 ,notwithstanding1 if thou wilt obey now1 and return to the ,door of the ,cave into which thou didst enter1 thou may'st go safe home to thine own ,dwelling4' ,the ,soldier1 who had so often experienced ,god's ,assistance before1 despised both their ,threats and ,promises4 whereupon the ,devils1 enraged to see themselves so often contemned1 cast themselves headlong into the ,pit1 and thrust the ,soldier down before them4 ,who the further he descended the larger he observed the ,pit to grow1 and the more sensibly he felt the pain of the ,fire3 ,here the poor ,man was put to the extent of his patience2 for the pain was so intolerably acute1 that for a while he had quite lost his ,senses1 and was not able to pronounce the ,name of ,jesus6 but ,almighty ,god taking pity of him enabled him at last to utter in some manner that ,divine ,name3 ,whereupon the ,flame shot him up so as that he fell upon the ,brink of the ,pit3 but so disordered1 that for awhile he knew not where he was1 neither cou'd he tell whither to turn himself4 ,then a new and unknown ,legion of devils rushing out of the ,pit surrounded him1 and asked what he did there8 ',our ,companions 7say they7 told thee this was the ,gate of ,hell2 but they told thee a lye1 and thou shalt know it is so2 for we are always accustomed to tell lyes1 that we may deceive those we cannot by telling the ,truth4 ,this is not the ,hell1 but now we will bring thee to it4' ,and having so said1 they dragged the ,soldier along to a great and spacious ,river1 that was cover'd all over with a stinking sulphurous ,flame1 and filled up with ,devils and damned ,souls4 ,know thou 7say they unto him7 that under this ,river lyeth ,hell4 ,now there was a great and lofty ,bridge over this ,river1 in which three things appear'd very formidable1 and almost impossible to be overcome by those who were to pass over it4 ,the ,first1 that the ,surface of the ,bridge was so slippery that it was impossible for any ,man to fix his feet upon it2 the ,second1 that the passage was so straight and narrow1 that no ,man cou'd stand or walk on it4 ,the ,third1 that the ,bridge was so high up over the ,river1 as to create a ,horror in any that shou'd look down4 ,thou must 7added the ,devils7 go over this ,bridge1 and we will raise a mighty ,wind which shall cast thee down into the ,river1 where our ,fellows that are there shall take thee and drown thee in ,hell3 ,for we are resolv'd to try how safe thou shalt think it for thee to attempt so dangerous a ,thing3 ,however1 if thou wilt consent to go back to the ,door of the ,dave1 thou shalt escape this ,danger1 and return safe home to thine own ,country4 ,the faithful ,soldier reflecting within himself1 upon the great and many ,dangers from which his ,pious advocate ,jesus ,christ had deliver'd him1 and calling often upon his ,name boldly stepped in upon the ,bridge1 and began to walk forward1 feeling nothing slippery under his ,foot1 but all firm and steady2 because he firmly confided in ,god and steadily adhered to his ,promise3 ,nay the ,higher he went up the ,bridge the broader he found the ,passage2 so as that in a short space the way was equal to a ,road where several carts may meet and pass4 ,now the ,devils who led the soldier by the ,hands to the ,bridge1 not being able to walk with him thereon1 stood at the ,bridge ,foot1 expecting to see him fall down1 but perceiving that he walked on without any ,danger1 they raised a ,cry and ,noise so dreadful that it put him into a greater fright than any of the ,torments before had done4 ,yet when he found that the ,devils stood still1 and did not follow him1 he went on securely1 relying on the ,assistance of his ,divine ,protector4 ,the ,devils also that were in the ,river under the ,bridge1 seeing him go on over their heads1 ran about the ,bridge1 and cast their fiery crooks and ,darts at him2 but being protected by the ,shield of ,faith1 he felt no harm1 and so got clear of all their ,ambushes4 ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,of the ,celestial ,glory and ,terrestrial ,paradise shewn to the ,soldier1 and of his ,conference with the ,bishops thereon4 ,the invincible ,soldier being now deliver'd from the ,snares of the unclean ,spirits1 saw before his ,eyes an ,high ,wall raised to the ,skies1 the ,beauty and ,structure whereof was beyond ,estimation4 ,its ,gate was adorn'd with costly ,jewels1 and divers precious ,mettals1 that afforded a most agreeable ,prospect4 ,having approached1 as it were within ,half a ,mile to it1 the ,gate seem'd to open1 and sent forth so sweet a smell1 that1 as it seem'd to him1 if all the ,earth had been turn'd into ,spice1 it could hardly afford so agreeable a perfume1 which so refresh'd his tired ,limbs and ,spirits1 that he believed he could with ease undergo again all the ,torments he had endured4 ,and looking in at the ,gates1 he discover'd a ,door which excelled the brightness of the ,sun4 ,as he stood then at a little distance from the ,gate1 there came out to meet him so beautiful1 so great1 and so orderly a ,procession1 as was never to be parallel'd to his thinking in this ,world1 with ,crosses1 ,wax ,tapers1 ,banners1 and ,golden ,palm ,branches in the ,hands of the ,men that led this ,procession4 ,after these follow'd ,men of all ,degrees and ,orders1 some ,archbishops1 some ,bishops1 ,abbots1 ,monks1 ,chanons1 ,priests1 and ,clerks of every ,degree1 all cloathed in the sacred ,apparel proper to their ,respective ,degrees and ,orders2 and like in ,shape and ,colour to those they wore1 when they serv'd ,god here on ,earth4 ,being come up to the ,soldier1 they all embraced him with unspeakable joy1 and conducted him into the ,gate with a concert of so ,melodious an ,harmony1 as could not be equalled by any in this ,world4 ,when the ,musick ceased1 and the ,procession ended1 two ,archbishops took the ,soldier apart1 in order1 as was thought to shew him this new ,world and the ,glory of it1 but first they blessed ,god1 who had strengthen'd his soul with so much constancy1 in all the ,torments thro' which he passed1 and which he so resolutely bore4 ,they then conducted him over all the pleasant places of this new ,world1 where his ,eyes were so charmed1 and all his ,senses so ravished that1 in his opinion1 neither the ,tongues of the ablest ,orators cou'd explain1 nor the ,pens of the ,nimblest ,scriveners indite the ,glory and ,splendor of the ,things which he had seen and heard4 ,so great was the light of this happy ,region1 that as the light of a candle is ,eclipsed by that of the ,sun1 so was the light of the ,sun by the brightness of this4 ,the ,night doth never overshade this ,land1 for the light of a ,pure and ,serene ,sky keeps it constantly bright4 ,all the ,land was like a pleasant ,green ,meadow diversified by various sorts of ,flowers1 ,fruits1 ,trees and ,herbs2 whose very perfumes1 saith the ,soldier1 wou'd keep him alive1 were he allowed to dwell always there4 ,the ,bounds of the ,country he did not see for the greatness of its ,extent1 only of that part by which he enter'd it2 but discover'd in it so great a multitude of both ,sexes as he believes no ,man ever saw in his ,life1 or ever was together in any ,age2 of whom some dwelt apart in one ,community1 and some in another2 yet so as they passed from one society to another1 as they pleased4 ,and by this means1 it came to pass1 that they all enjoy'd one another's company2 and choirs joyn'd with choirs to sing ,god's ,praise3 ,and as one ,star differs from another in brightness2 so was there an agreeable and harmonious variety and difference in the ,habits and ,countenances of those thrice happy ,people4 ,for some of them seem'd to be clothed in ,golden ,vests2 others1 in ,purple1 some in ,scarlet2 others in ,blew2 some in ,green1 and others in ,white4 ,and the ,shape and ,fashion of each habit was the same as that which they wore in the ,world2 so that the ,soldier cou'd easily discern of what ,dignity1 ,order1 and ,degree1 each of them had been4 ,some wore ,crowns like ,kings1 others carry'd ,golden ,palms in their ,hands4 ,glorious then and agreeable to the ,eye1 was the sight of the inexpressible ,harmony of their ,melody1 in ,singing the ,praises of their ,lord and ,maker4 ,each of them rejoiced at his own ,happiness1 and at that of every other4 ,and all of them1 who saw the ,soldier1 ,praised ,god upon his coming among them1 and rejoiced at his ,deliverance from the ,devils4 ,here was neither ,heat nor ,cold1 nor anything else that cou'd incommode or molest2 but all things peaceable1 quiet1 still1 agreeable4 ,many more things did the ,soldier1 see and hear in this happy ,region than any ,tongue or ,pen cou'd express4 ,when he had then satiated his ,eyes and ,ears1 the ,bishops spoke to him after this manner4 99 99 99 99 99 ,after this discourse the venerable ,prelates took the ,soldier up to the ,top of a ,mountain1 commanded him to look up and tell them what colour the ,sky over his head appear'd to him to be of4 ,the ,soldier answer'd that it appear'd to him to be of the colour of ,gold in a fiery ,furnace4 ',that 7say they7 which thou see'st is the ,gate of ,paradise4 ,by this ,gate those that are taken up from us go into ,heaven4 ,and you are to know further1 that while we continue here1 we are constantly fed once a day with ,food from ,heaven1 but that you may know what sort of ,food1 and how pleasant it is1 you shall1 ,god willing1 ,feel and ,taste it with us4' ,these words were no sooner pronounced1 when ,certain ,rays like flames of ,fire cover'd the whole ,region1 and after a while dividing into smaller ,rays sat upon the ,heads of every one in the ,land1 and at last enter'd into them4 ,and among the rest1 sat upon the ,soldier's ,head also1 and enter'd into him4 ,the ,soldier was wrapt up in such extasie at the ,sweetness of this ,food1 that he cou'd not tell whether he was dead or alive1 but this soon passed over4 ,this is the ,food 7added they7 with which ,god feeds us once a day2 but they that are carryed hence from us enjoy it without ,end4 ,the ,soldier wou'd willingly stay there if he were allowed to enjoy the deliciousness of that ,food4 ,but instead of so sweet and desirable1 mournful things are related unto him4 ,for as much then 7beloved ,brother continue the ,prelates71 as thou hast partly seen what thou didst desire to see1 namely1 the ,rest of the ,blessed1 and the ,torments of ,sinners2 thou must now return by the same ,way thou camest hither2 and if thou wilt for the future lead a sober and godly ,life2 thou shalt be secure not only of this ,rest2 but also of the ,heavenly ,mansions2 but if thou wilt1 which ,god forbid1 lead an ill ,life and pollute thy ,body with ,sin2 behold thou hast seen the ,torments that attend thee4 ,thou may'st now safely return2 for thou need'st not fear any of those ,things2 wherewith the ,devils attempted to frighten thee in thy way hither2 because they dare not approach thee any more1 being afraid to appear before thee2 neither can all the ,torments which thou hast seen hurt thee4 ,the ,soldier was astonished at these ,words1 and began with ,tears and ,crys humbly to beseech the ,bishops1 not to oblige him to return again to the ,cares of the ,world from so great a happiness4 ',i cannot leave this place'1 said he1 'for ,i fear ,i shou'd be intangled in the snares of the ,world1 so as to hinder me to come back here'2 ,it shall not be as thou wouldest1 replied the ,bishops2 but as ,he who hath made thee and us disposes1 so shall it be2 for ,he alone knows what is most expedient for us all4 ,,chapter ,x4 ,how the ,soldier went out of this ,purgatory1 made a ,pilgrimage to ,jerusalem1 and how he spent the rest of his days4 ,then ,owen1 the ,soldier1 having received their ,blessing1 set out1 and return'd the same way he came4 ,the ,prelates conducted him to the ,gate of ,paradise1 and shut it after him2 and being sad and grieved to be obliged to return again to the ,miseries of this ,world1 he went back the same way till he came to the ,hall1 where he was first infested by the ,devils4 ,he saw indeed the ,devils on the way1 but so soon as they saw him1 they vanished as if they had been afraid of him4 ,he also passed thro' the ,places where he was before tormented2 but now they had no ,power to hurt him4 ,being then come to the said ,hall1 he went in boldly and ,lo the fifteen ,men1 who had instructed him in the beginning1 met him1 glorifying ,god1 who had given him so much constancy in his ,torments1 and having congratulated him upon his victory1 said unto him3 ',courage1 ,brother4 ,we know thou hast overcome the ,torments which thou hast so manfully born2 and that thou art purged of all thy ,sins4 ,the ,sun begins now to rise in thy ,country3 ,make haste then up to the ,cave3 ,for if the ,prior1 who when he hath said ,mass1 shall come to the ,door1 finds thee not there1 he will lock the ,door1 as ,despairing of thy salvation2 and return to the ,church4' ,the ,soldier hereupon1 having first got their ,blessing1 hasten'd up to the ,cave1 and at the very ,minute that the ,prior open'd the ,door1 the ,soldier appear'd4 ,the ,prior embraced him1 glorified ,god1 and conducted him to the ,church1 and caused him to continue there fasting and praying for fifteen ,days4 ,then the ,soldier put on his ,shoulder the mark of the ,cross of ,christ and went with great ,devotion to the ,holy ,land1 to visit the ,sepulchre of our ,lord ,jesus ,christ at ,jerusalem1 and all the holy ,places round about it4 ,which when he had ,devoutly performed he came back1 and went to ,stephen1 ,king of ,england1 to whom he had been before familiarly known1 to advise with him1 after what ,manner he might best for the future1 ,warfare for the ,king of ,kings1 as he had heretofore carry'd ,arms for him4 ,it happen'd at the same time1 that ,gervasius ,abbot of ,lude1 had got by ,king ,stephen's ,recommendation a ,place in ,ireland for the building of a ,monastry4 ,this ,abbot sent one of his ,monks1 called ,gilbert1 to the ,king1 to be recommended by him to the ,king of ,ulster1 and then to proceed from thence to ,ireland in order to erect the said ,monastry3 who being ,kindly received by the ,king1 complained very much that he was a stranger to the ,irish ,language2 ,i shall find you1 by ,god's help1 says the ,king1 an excellent ,interpreter4 ,then he called ,owen1 the ,irish ,soldier1 commanded him to go with ,gilbert1 and to continue with him in ,ireland4 ,owen readily obey'd the ,king's ,orders1 adding with all1 that he was obliged in gratitude to serve the ,monks1 whose ,charity he had so often and so remarkably experienced4 ,they then went over to ,ireland1 and began to build the ,monastry1 which they finished in two years and a half4 ,the ,monk ,gilbert took care of the things within the ,monastry2 and ,owen the ,soldier was a trusty ,procurator1 and devout ,minister of the ,things abroad2 as also a faithful ,interpreter3 ,and having taken the ,habit of a ,monk2 he lived an ,holy and ,religious ,life all the rest of his days1 as the said ,gilbert testifieth4 ,whenever this ,gilbert and the ,soldier happen'd to be alone2 ,gilbert was very inquisitive to know from him the particulars of all the ,things he had seen and felt in this ,purgatory2 and the ,soldier who upon pronouncing the word ,purgatory1 used to burst out into ,tears1 told him all that he had seen and felt1 which ,yet he wou'd willingly have concealed1 had he not been persuaded1 that it might tend to the ,edification1 and ,amendment of the ,lives of many4 ,nay and affirmed upon his ,conscience1 that he had seen with his corporal ,eyes all the ,things which he related4 ,now it was by the ,care and ,industry of this ,monk1 and upon the ,testimony and ,credit of the ,bishops of this part of the ,kingdom1 who had the account from the ,soldier's own ,mouth1 and that of the other ,religious and godly men of those ,times that these things were committed to ,posterity4 ,the last chapter1 which is ,of the ,examination and ,manifold ,proofs of this ,history1 concludes with the following observations by ,messingham himself4 ,this ,history of ,owen the ,soldier1 as to that part of it that is related by ,henry ,salteriensis1 ,i borrow'd from an ancient ,manuscript of the said ,author now extant in the ,library of ,st4 ,victor1 and that related by ,mathew ,paris1 ,i took from his printed ,history of ,england3 ,but if after all1 any ,man chuse rather to oppose1 than piously to believe the same1 let him consult the ,holy ,fathers1 ,st4 ,gregory1 ,venerable ,bede1 ,dionysius ,carthusianus1 and carefully read the various ,revelations1 ,visions1 and ,relations not unlike these recorded by them2 to which as to things very probable they themselves were not afraid to give ,credit1 and which they would not presume to deny4 ,calderon was not the only celebrated poet who made the ,purgatory of ,st4 ,patrick the subject of his song4 ,four centuries before the great ,spanish dramatist was born1 a most elaborate and very lengthy poem was written on the same attractive theme by ,marie de ,france1 the first woman1 as ,m4 de ,roquefort says1who ever wrote ,french verse1 the ,sappho of her age499 ,nor was ,marie herself the only minstrel of that early time who yielded to the fascination of this legend4 ,two anonymous ,trouveres of a little later period were unconsciously her rivals in the attempt4 ,m4 l',abbe de la ,rue1 in his valuable work on ,norman and ,anglo-,norman ,poetry1 thus writes3-- footnote 99,poesies de ,marie de ,france1 par ,b4 ,de ,roquefort4 ,paris1 #ahbj4 t4i41 p4#a4 ,quoique la celebre ,marie eut1 au ,x,i,i,ie siecle1 donne une assez ample histoire du ,purgatoire de ,st4-,patrice1 puisqu'elle est de plus de trois mille vers1 deux autres ,trouveres anglo-normands qui probablement ne connaissaient pas son poeme1 volurent dans le siecle suivant traiter le meme sujet49999 footnote 9999,essais ,historiques sur les ,trouveres1 etc41 par ,m4 ,l',abbe de la ,rue4 ,caen1 #ahcd4 t4 iii41 p4 #bde4 ,these poems1 still unedited1 are to be found in the ,cottonian and ,harleian ,,mss4 ,the reader is also referred to the very interesting and exceedingly rare volume1 ',owain ,miles' 7,edinburgh1 #ahcg71 and ',the ,visions of ,tundale' 7,edinburgh1 #ahdc71 in the ,prefaces to both of which1 by the late lamented ,w4,b4,d4,d4 ,turnbull1 much curious information on the subject will be found4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,authorities ,,for ,,the ,,legend1 ,,as ,,given ,,by ,,calderon4 ,,act ,,iii41 ,,scene ,x4 7the concluding lines47 ,the list of authorities at the end of the third act has been1 and not without reason1 a source of great perplexity4 ,calderon is blamed even by so thoughtful a critic as ,mr4 ,ticknor for putting into the mouth of ,enius himself the names of a number of writers who have in some way alluded to the ,purgatory of ,st4 ,patrick1 all of whom were of periods long subsequent to the time at which he represents himself to have lived1 several of them being the very writers who nearly a thousand years later described his own adventures4 ,but this is quite usual on the ,spanish stage4 ,there is scarcely a drama of ,calderon that does not end in the same way4 ,the last speaker1 whoever he may be1 and he is frequently the 'gracioso'1 abandons1 for the last few lines of his speech1 his assumed character1 and addresses the audience as an actor in a brief epilogue4 ,the list of authorities at the end of ,el ,purgatorio de ,san ,patricio is nothing more4 ,it is simply an epilogue1 perhaps a little longer than usual1 which the curious nature of the subject to some extent justifies4 ,the manner in which the names are printed is a different matter4 ,but the reader should recollect that this drama was not printed by ,calderon himself1 but by his brother ,joseph1 who certainly in this instance at least considered it no part of his duty as editor to verify the correctness of the poet's references4 ,some of the confusion certainly is attributable to ,calderon himself1 as he has separated and transposed names for the purpose of adapting them to his versification4 ,but other mistakes remain behind which we may fairly divide between ,don ,joseph and the printer4 ,the original lines1 as given in all the editions1 that of ,hartzenbusch included1 are the following3-- ,para que con esta acabe ,la historia1 que nos refiere ,dionisio el gran ,cartusiano1 ,con ,enrique ,saltarense1 ,cesario1 ,mateo ,rodulfo1 ,domiciano ,esturbaquense1 ,membrosio1 ,marco ,marulo1 ,david ,roto1 y el prudente ,primado de toda ,hibernia1 ,belarmino1 ,beda1 ,serpi1 ,fray ,dimas1 ,jacob ,solino1 ,mensignano1 y finalmente ,la piedad y la opinion ,cristiana1 que lo defiende4 ,some of these names are obvious enough2 it is with regard to those that are rendered more obscure by the manner in which they are presented that the difficulty arises4 ,the list is taken for the most part from the fourth chapter of ,montalvan's ,vida y ,purgatorio de ,san ,patricio1 but with the names singularly disconnected and misplaced4 ,they are turned1 too1 so completely into ,spanish as to be scarcely recognised4 ,even in ,messingham's ,florilegium1 where they are all to be found1 though not in one place1 they are not always correctly printed4 ,the following attempt at identification1 now made for the first time1 will be found1 it is believed1 to be perfectly accurate4 ,the first name1 ,dionisio el gran ,cartusiano1 scarcely requires any explanation4 ,the work referred to1 in an edition of which ,i have a copy1 is as follows3-- ,d4 ,dionysii ,carthusiani liber utilissimus de quatuor hominis novissimis1 etc41 ,parisiis1 #aeea4 ,the account ,de ,purgatorio ,sancti ,patritii extends from fol4 #bce to fol4 #bcg4 ,enrique ,saltarense is ,henry of ,saltrey1 a ,benedictine monk of the ,abbey of ,saltrey in ,huntingdonshire1 who about the middle of the twelfth century first reduced to writing the ,adventures of ,owain1 or ,enius1 in the ,purgatory of ,st4 ,patrick4 ,of him ,messingham writes thus4 ,referring to his authorities1 he says3-- ,what you shall find under the letter ,b1 is taken from ,henry ,salteriensis1 an ,english monk of the ,cistercian order1 who had been taught most excellent ,precepts of a good ,life as well as good ,letters by ,florentianus1 an ,irish bishop1 and ,gilbert de ,luda ,louth1 in ,lincolnshire1 ,abbot of the ,cistercian ,monks1 who also1 being himself well instructed1 used to teach others the fear of the ,lord as the beginning of wisdom4 4 4 4 4 ,and hence it is that he wrote unto ,henry ,abbot of ,sartis one ,book of the ,purgatory of ,st4 ,patrick and one ,book of the ,pains of ,purgatory4 ,he flourished in the year of ,grace #aadj4 -- ,a ,brief ,history of ,st4 ,patrick's ,purgatory4 ,paris1 #agah4 ,preface4 ,cesario1 which carelessness or the exigency of metre has separated from the ,esturbaquense1 of the next line is ,caesarius of ,heisterbach1 a well-known hagiological writer of whom ,adrien ,baillet thus speaks3-- ,un religieux ,allemand de l'ordre de ,citeaux nomme ',cesaire de ,heisterbach'1 qui mourut du tems de l'empereur ,frederic ,,ii4 travailla aussi a la vie des ,saints4 ,he adds in a note3-- ,cesaire se fit moine l'an #aaih1 au ,val de ,saint de ,pierre1 dit autrement ,heisterbach1 pres de la ville de ,bonne1 dans le diocese de ,cologne1 et ne mourut que pres de quarante ans apres4 ,il avoit ete maitre des novices dans son couvent1 et ensuite prieur de la maison de ,villiers4 -- ',discours sur l'histoire de la ,vie des ,saints4 ,les ,vies ,des ,saints'4 ,paris1 #agci4 ,t4 i41 p4 xlvii4 ,mateo ,rodulfo1 printed as the names of one author in ,calderon1 separate into two persons in ,messingham and ,montalvan4 ,the first is the well-known ,mathew ,paris1 whose ',relation of the vision of ,owen the ,irish ,soldier' is expressly referred to in these words by ,messingham1 who also alludes to him more fully in his preface4 ',what you shall find under the letter ,c1' says ,messingham1 'is borrowed from ,mathew ,paris1 an ,english ,benedictine ,monk1 who had from his youth consecrated himself to a ,monastic life1 and polish'd most excellent talents of nature with exquisite ,arts and ,sciences1 and adorn'd the same with all ,christian virtues2 being an ,handicraft1 a ,writer1 a good ,painter1 a fine ,poet1 an acute ,logician1 a solid ,divine2 and 7which is much more valuable7 pure in his ,manners1 bright in the innocence of his life1 simple and candid4 ,pitseus1 upon the year #abei1 in which the said ,mathew died1 gives him a great many more encomiums1 which for brevity sake ,i hear omit4' ,the remaining half of ',mateo ,rodulfo' turns out to be ,ranulphus or ,ralph1 ,higden1 the ,monk of ,chester1 whose ,polychronicon is quoted both by ,messingham and ,montalvan4 ,the ',domiciano' of the next line1 which is ',dominicano' in ,montalvan1 has so completely got rid of the name to which it belongs1 that without the aid of ,calderon's authorities1 ,messingham and ,montalvan1 it would be impossible to know who was meant4 ,in ,messingham the reference is to ',jacobus ,januensis1 the ,dominican1 in the ,life of ,st4 ,patrick1' and in ,montalvan to ',jacobo ,januense1 o ,genuense1 ,dominicano4' ,the person thus disguised is the famous ,jacobus de ,voragine1 the ,dominican1 author of ',the ,golden ,legend1' who was ,bishop of ,genoa in #abib1 and died at a very advanced age in #abih4 ,of the ',legenda ,aurea'1 the fiftieth chapter is devoted to ,st4 ,patrick4 ',membrosio' is called ',mombrisio' in ,montalvan1 and ',mombrusius' in ,messingham4 ,correctly it was neither4 ,the writer referred to is ',boninus ,mombritius'1 a fine copy of whose ',sanctuarium' is in the ,british ,museum4 ,at fol4 #ahh1 t4 ii1 there is a full account of the ,purgatory1 the name of the adventurous visitor being ',nicolaus'4 ,of ,mombritius1 whom he calls ,bonin ,mombrice1 the same writer 7,baillet71 from whom ,i have already quoted1 says3-- ,cet homme peu connu d'ailleurs etoit ,milanois de naissance1 conseiller on fils de conseiller au senat de ,milan2 il vivoit du tems de ,galeas ,marie1 duc de ,milan1 qui fut tue l'an #adgf1 et du ,pape ,sixte ,,iv41 qui mourut en #adhd4 ,il s'etoit deja fait regarder comme grammairien1 poete1 orateur et philosopohe par divers ouvrages1 mais aucun ne lui fit tant d'honneur que son ',sanctuaire'1 qui est le titre qu'il donna a son recueil d'actes des ,saints dedie a ,simonete1 secretaire des ducs de ,milan4 -- ',discours'1 p4 lvii4 ',marco ,marulo' is ,marcus ,marulus1 ,cap4 xiv41 ,lib4 #f1 of whose work1 ,de religiose vivendi institutione per exempla1 is entitled ,de revelationibus infernalium poenarum4 -- ',apul ,sanctam ,coloniam4 ,anno ,m4,d4,,xxxi4 ,in this there is an account of a certain ,irish monk1 cui ,petro nomen fuit1 who appears to have entered the ,purgatory in vision4 ,this is probably the passage which ,messingham and ,montalvan quote1 though a different reference is given4 ',maurolicus ,siculus'1 who follows next in ,messingham and ,montalvan1 is omitted by ,calderon4 ,david ,roto1 y el prudente ,primado de toda ,hibernia1 are one and the same person4 ,this was the famous ,david ,rothe1 ,bishop of ,ossory1 so intimately connected in #afdb with the ,confederation of ,kilkenny1 of which an excellent history has been written by the ,rev4 ,charles ,meehan1 ,m4,r4,i4,a4 ,the epithet prudente seems to have been a happy condensation of the many terms of encomium lavished upon this celebrated man by ,messingham4 ,alluding again to his classification of his authorities under the first four letters of the alphabet1 ,messingham says3-- ,whatever then you shall find written under the letter ,a1 until you come to the next letter1 is taken from the ,right ,reverend ,father ,david ,roth1 ,lord ,bishop of ,ossory1 and ,vice ,primate of all ,ireland1 a ,man excellently well read in all parts of literature1 an eloquent ,rhetorician1 a subtle ,philosopher1 a profound ,divine1 a celebrated ,historian1 a zealous chastizer of ,vice1 a steady ,defender of ,ecclesiastical ,liberty1 a constant ,assertor of the ,privileges of his ,country1 most devoutly compassionate upon the calamities of his ,nation1 a diligent ,promoter of ,peace and ,unity among the ,clergy1 and1 for that end1 instituted the ,congregation commonly called ,pacifick1 in the year #afbj1 which has1 with no little fruit and advantage to the ,clergy1 spread itself over all the ,kingdom1 -- a ,man1 in fine1 who has left to ,posterity many rare ,monuments of his excellent talents1 the ,catalogue of which ,i shall not here1 for good reasons1 insert1 but hope for more soon from him4 ,belarmino1 ,beda4 ,cardinal ,bellarmin and ,venerable ,bede are too well known to require any observations4 ,serpi1 ,fray ,dimas1 cut into two lines1 with the names transposed1 mean ',fr4 ,dimas ,serpi'1 one of whose works 7',aprodixis ,sanctitatis1 etc'1 ,romae1 ,m4,,dc4 ,,ix471 though not the one referred to by ,messingham1 is in the ,british ,museum4 ,in ,montalvan the marginal note gives1 ,lib4 de ,purgatorio1 cap4 #bf1 as the reference4 ,the ,german translator of this drama 7,brunn1 #ahbd71 misled by the punctuation of the original1 treats ,dimas ,serpi as two persons4 ,jacob ,solino1 the next authority for the legend1 is perhaps the most perplexing in the list4 ,like twin stars that seem one to the naked eye1 but resolve themselves into two beneath the telescope1 so the single author of the printed text of ,calderon appears distinct persons in the pages of ,montalvan4 ,he gives them thus3 -- ,jacobo1 ,solino1 with a separate reference to each4 ,thus to ,jacobo1 the marginal reference is1 ,in sua historia ,orientale2 and to ,solino1 cap4 #ce1 without the name of the work4 ,from ,messingham we at once learn who the former writer was4 ,he calls him in one place ,jacobus de ,vitriaco1 and in another more briefly1 ,vitriacus4 ,the passage referred to in the marginal note of ,montalvan is given thus3-- ,further1 ,jacobus de ,vitriaco1 in his ,history of the ,east1 chap4 #ib1 writes thus concerning this cave3-- ',there is a certain ,place in ,ireland1 call'd ,st4 ,patrick's ,purgatory1 into which whosoever enters1 except he be truly penitent and contrite in ,heart1 is snatched away by ,devils1 and never returns4 ,but he that with true contrition confesseth his sins1 and goes in there1 tho' the ,devils vex and torture him1 by ,fire and ,water1 and many other ,torments1 yet is he purged of all his sins3 ,now they that are thus purged1 and return1 are never more seen to laugh or play2 or to take pleasure in any thing in this ,world1 but constantly weeping and sighing1 forget the things that are behind1 and stretch forward to the things that are before them4' -- ,a ,brief ,history of ,st4 ,patrick's ,purgatory1 ,paris1 #agah1 pp4 #i1 #aj4 ,solino1 who is so strangely united by ,calderon's printer to ,jacob1 presents some difficulty4 ,in ,messingham's list of authorities this name does not appear4 ,the first ,french translator of ,montalvan 7,bruxelles1 #afcg7 merely gives the ,latin form of the name1 ,solinus4 ,the second ,french translator1 ,bouillon1 in his ',histoire de la vie et du ,purgatoire de ,s4 ,patrice' 7,troyes1 #afdb71 turns both names into ,french1 thus1 ,jacques ,solin1 en son ,histoire ,orientale1 chap4 #bf4 ,this is doubly a mistake4 ,the ',histoire ,orientale' is the work of ,vitriacus1 as already pointed out2 and chap4 #bf refers not to that work1 but to some unnamed writing of ,solino4 ,of course the first name that suggests itself1 as the author alluded to1 is that of ,caius ,julius ,solinus4 ,the latest date assigned as the period when this celebrated writer flourished is ,a4,d4 #bch -- that is1 about #ace years before the birth of ,st4 ,patrick4 ,to quote him as an authority on the subject of ,st4 ,patrick's ,purgatory would therefore be a more absurd anachronism than any that has been pointed out in this curious list4 ,this difficulty appeared to me so strong1 that for a while ,i was led to believe that ,solino was but a corrupted ,spanish form of ,joceline1 or ,joscelino1 as it is sometimes given1 whose ',life of ,st4 ,patrick'1 written in the twelfth century1 supplies all the incidents of ,st4 ,patrick's early life recorded by ,montalvan and ,calderon4 ,he is also frequently referred to by ,messingham4 ,but further reflection convinces me that the writer alluded to was in reality the celebrated ,latin author of the third century already mentioned1 ,caius ,julius ,solinus4 ,solinus has of course no allusion to ,st4 ,patrick's ,purgatory2 but in his celebrated work1 ',polyhistor'1 compiled1 it is thought1 chiefly from ,pliny's ,natural ,history1 he has a remarkable chapter on ,ireland4 ,some of his statements are doubtful1 and all are very curious2 one of them at least depriving ,st4 ,patrick1 by anticipation1 of one of his most famous miracles4 ,this is the banishment of the serpents1 which it appears was first mentioned by ,jocelin in the twelfth century4 ,it is expressly stated by ,solinus1 who wrote in the third century1 that in ,ireland ,there are no snakes and few byrdes1 to use the language of the old ,english translator1 ,arthur ,golding4 ,this statement of the previous exemption of ,ireland from venomous reptiles was warmly disputed by ,dr4 ,david ,rothe1 the ,bishop of ,ossory1 early in the seventeenth century4 ,it will be remembered that ,david ,roto has already been quoted as an authority on the subject of ,st4 ,patrick's ,purgatory1 and it is his collateral controversy with ,solinus that probably led ,montalvan1 and subsequently ,calderon1 to suppose that ,solinus had in some way alluded to that legend4 ,a valuable ',life of ,st4 ,patrick'1 by ,p4 ,lynch 7,dublin1 #ahbh71 contains many allusions to this subject1 of which the following may be given as an example4 ,the objections which ,doctor ,roth raised to the testimony of ,solinus have as slender a foundation in reason4 ,for ,solinus 7saith he7 not only mentions thisexemption of ,ireland from venomous creatures1 but says further1 that in ,ireland there are few birds1 and no bees2 and therefore concludes1 that as he is mistaken in these latter particulars1 so he is not to be believed in the former1-- p4 #db4 ,the author of this ,life of ,st4 ,patrick goes on to say that ,solinus may have been perfectly accurate in these statements4 ,that other writers have alluded to the time when bees were first introduced into ,ireland1 and that the migration of some birds thither1 among others the magpie1 took place at a comparatively modern period4 ,he does not add1 however1 that ,solinus states that the very dust of ,ireland was so distasteful to the bees1 where they are now as much at home as in ,hymettus1 that if it is scattered about their hives even in another country they abandon their combs4 ,thus writes quaint ,arthur ,golding3-- ,there is not any ,bee among them1 and if a man bring of the dust of the stones from thence1 and strew them among ,bee-hyves1 the swarme forsake ye combes4 ,another misstatement of ,solinus may be pointed out4 ,he says3-- ,the sea that is betweene ,ireland and ,britayne1 being full of shallows and rough all the yeere long1 cannot be sayled but a few dayes in the summer time4 ,with the following picturesque passage referring to the warlike training of their children by the ,irish1 as recorded by a ,roman writer in the third century of the ,christian era1 we take leave of ,solinus1 who we have no doubt was the author referred to by ,montalvan and ,calderon under the name of ,solino3-- ,if a woman be delivered of a man childe1 she layes his first meate upon her husband's sworde1 and putting it softly to his prettie mouth gives him the first hansel of his sworde upon the very point of the weapon1 praying 7according to the manner of their country7 that he may not otherwise come to his death1 than in ,battel and among weapons4-- ',the ,excellent and ,pleasant ,worke of ,julius ,solinus ,polyhistor4 ,translated out of ,latin into ,english by ,arthur ,golding1 ,gent4' ,at ,london1 #aehg4 p4 #aje4 ,the last name in the list of authorities on the subject of ,st4 ,patrick's ,purgatory is ,mensignano1 with the reference in the margin of ,montalvan's ',vida y ,purgatorio' to his ',florilegium'4 ,this of course is ,messingham1 out of whose book1 aided by his own wild imagination1 ,perez de ,montalvan created the character of ,luis ,enius1 who is presented to us with such dramatic power by ,calderon4 ,notwithstanding the length of these notes1 the following summary1 taken with some corrections from the ,introduction to the former translation of this drama 7#ahec71 may still be useful3-- ,the curious history of ,luis ,enius1 on which the principal interest of the play depends1 has been alluded to1 and given more or less fully by many ancient authors4 ,the name1 though slightly altered by the different persons who have mentioned him1 can easily be recognised as the same in all1 whether as ,owen1 ,oien1 ,owain1 ,egan1 ,euenius1 or ,enius4 ,perhaps the earliest allusion to him in any printed ,english work is that contained in ,ranulph ,higden's ,polychronicon1 published at ,westminster1 by ,wynkin de ,worde1 in #adie3 ,in this ,steven's tyme1 a knyght that hyght ,owen wente in to the ,purgatory of the second ,patrick1 abbot1 and not byshoppe4 ,he came agayne and dwelled in the abbaye of ,ludene of ,whyte ,monks in ,irlonde1 and tolde of joye and of paynes that he had seen4 ,the history of ,enius had1 however1 existed in ,,ms4 for nearly three centuries and a half before the ,polychronicon was printed2 it had been written by ,henry1 the monk of ,saltrey in ,huntingdonshire1 from the account which he had received from ,gilbert1 a ,cistercian monk of the ,abbey of the ,blessed ,virgin ,mary of ,luden1 or ,louth1 in ,lincolnshire 7,colgan1 ',trias ,thaumaturgae'1 p4 #bha4 ,ware's ',annals of ,ireland'1 ,a4,d4 #adig74 ,colgan1 after collating this ,,ms4 with two others on the same subject which he had seen1 printed it nearly in full in his ',trias'1 which was published at ,louvain1 ,a4,d4 #afdg1 where with the notes it fills from the #bgcrd to the #bhast page4 ,messingham1 as we have seen1 had printed it earlier from other sources1 in #afbd4 ,matthew ,paris1 however1 had before this1 in his ,history of ,england1 under the date #aaec1 given a full account of the adventures of ,oenus in the ,purgatory1 and in the few places that ,i have compared his account with that given in ,colgan1 ,i find both generally agreeing in substance1 though not in words4 ,in the folio edition of ,mathew ,paris1 ,london1 #afjd1 the history of ,oenus begins at the #gbnd and ends at the #ggth page4 ,in ,montalvan's life of ,st4 ,patrick1 the adventures of ,enius are given much more fully than either in ,matthew ,paris or ,colgan4 ,in their versions of the story the early life of ,enius1 previous to his undertaking to enter the ,purgatory1 is passed over with a few general remarks as to its extreme wickedness -- while they give in great detail all that he saw and heard therein4 ,matthew ,paris1 for instance1 opens the story of ,enius in these words3 ,miles quidam ,oenus nomine1 qui multis annis sub ,rege ,stephano militaverat -- licentia a ,rege impetrata1 profectus est in ,hyberniam ad natale solum1 ut parentes visitaret4 ,qui cum aliquandiu in regione illa demoratus fuisset coepit ad mentem reducere vitam suam adeo flagitiosam3 ,quod ab ipsis cunabulis1 incendiis semper vacaverat et rapinis1 et quod magis dolebat1 se ecclesiarum fuisse violatorem et rerum ecclesiasticarum invasorem praeter multa enormia quae intrinsecus latebant peccata1 etc4 -- ',mat4 ,par'41 p4 #gb4 ,in ,henry of ,saltrey's account1 as given by ,messingham in #afbd and ,colgan in #afdg1 this portion of the life of ,enius is despatched even with more succinctness1 but in ,montalvan's ',vida y ,purgatorio de ,san ,patricio'1 all his early crimes are detailed nearly in the order and almost in the very words that ,calderon has used4 ,sir ,walter ,scott mentions1 in his ,border ,minstrelsy1 that there is a curious ,,ms4 ,metrical ,romance1 in the ,advocates' ,library of ,edinburgh1 called1 ,the ,legend of ,sir ,owain1 relating his adventures in ,st4 ,patrick's ,purgatory2 he gives some stanzas from it1 descriptive of the knight's passage of ,the ,brig ,o',dread2 which in the legend1 is placed between ,purgatory and ,paradise4 ,this poem is supposed to have been written late in the thirteenth century4 ,it was printed for private distribution in ,edinburgh1 in #ahcg1 but from the very limited impression1 there having been but thirty-two copies struck off1 it must always remain extremely scarce4 ,a cognate work1 however1 ,the ,visions of ,tundale 7,edinburgh1 #ahdc71 published by the same lamented scholar 7,mr4 ,turnbull7 who edited the former work1 though rare1 is more accessible4 ,,the ,,end4 ,,bradbury1 ,,agnew1 ,,and ,,co41 ,,printers1 ,,whitefriars4