,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,italic text is d5ot$ by und]scores & bold text by equal signs4 ,small upp]case h be5 replac$ ) regul> upp]case4 ,blank pages h be5 elim9at$4 ,v>iations 9 spell+ & hyph5ation h be5 left z 9 ! orig9al4 ,a few typographical errors h be5 correct$4 ,on ! ,eve ( ,r$emption ,s4 ,m4 ,melam$1 ,ph4 ,d4 ,alpha ,omega ,publi%+ ,company1 ,new ,york ,,copyright1 #aiah ,,alpha ,,omega ,,publi%+ ,,co41 ,,inc4 ,! foll[+ pages comprise a numb] ( editorial lead]s discuss+ que/ions & problems p]ta9+ to ,jewi% nationalism & ,zionism :i* 7 publi%$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,jewi% ,*ronicle 9 ! ye>s #aiaf-ag-ah4 ,,=eword ,! w> has caus$ an upheaval ( ! :ole _w2 va/ *anges h be5 wr\ght 9 _m peoples4 ,de/ruction ( life & treasure has br\ght ab\t a revolution ( national assets & res\rces1 & !re has be5 /ock tak+ ( ! spiritual no less ?an ( ! mat]ial possessions4 ,we h confid5t hope t ! mat]ial losses w be balanc$ by ! moral progress ( ! peoples ( ! _w1 great & small4 ,no p has felt ! upheaval m ?an h ! ,jews4 ,none has _h a great] %>e 9 its sorr[s4 ,none has _h m reason to exam9e c>efully its pa/ & its pres5t & to def9e its future plans2 & none c look ) cle>] purpose or ) firm] c\rage into ! future4 ,= none has bett] gr\nd ?an h ! ,jews = confid5t hope 9 ! moral progress ( ! _w1--t p :i* has be5 ! con/ant witness ( ! c\rse ( civilization ?r\gh\t ! ages & has nev] lo/ its fai? 9 ! ultimate victory ( ,ju/ice & ,"r4 ,we ne$ n speak 9 g5]alities4 ,! small] nations are assur$ t _! rights w be safegu>d$ 9 ! future1 & t ^! rights w embrace n only protection f attack & aggression1 b equally ! "r ( developm5t along ! l9es ( _! own national b5t1 ! "r ( self-gov]nm5t1 ! "r to cultivate _! own spiritual possessions4 ,!re is no o!r p to :om ?is is s full ( deep mean+ z to ! ,jews4 ,dur+ ! _m c5turies ( ! ,disp]sion our p has ev] look$ =w>d to its ,re/oration 9 its ance/ral home4 ,dur+ ^! _m c5turies !re has nev] be5 a day t ! pray]s = ! ,return h n asc5d$ 9 e c\ntry ( ! _w 9 :i* ! ,*ildr5 ( ,israel h be5 disp]s$4 ,?is undy+ hope has be5 ! factor 9 ! unique1 ! miracul\s pres]vation ( a small p scatt]$ among all ! peoples ( ! globe4 ,! national movem5t ( ! pa/ g5]ation1 :i* has l$ to ! rejuv5ation ( ! ,hebrew language1 to ! f\nd+ ( prosp]\s ,jewi% colonies 9 ,pale/9e1 to ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,zioni/ ,organization ) its bran*es ?r\gh\t ! _w1 ?is national movem5t has tra9$ u to ?9k politically & to act ) /atesmanlike grasp ( pres5t conditions & ( plans = ! future4 ,a "p ( our p has be5 prep>$ to deal ) ! great national problems :i* obtrude !mselves ^u u today4 ,l>ge numb]s are /ill confus$ by ! new outlook & mu/ f9d guides to direct !m 9 ! new pa?s4 ,! ,essays :i* ,dr4 ,melam$ pres5ts to u 9 ?is volume are !re=e mo/ welcome at ?is "t4 ,he has appli$ 8 va/ k ( hi/ory1 philosophy & lit]ature1 & 8 intimate acqua9tance ) ,jewi% life 9 _m p>ts ( ! _w1 to answ] _m ( ! que/ions ab\t :i* !re has be5 confusion1 & to po9t out ! direction ( progress & developm5t 9 ! future4 ,9 cle> & =ceful language he has analyz$ ,jewi% conditions 9 ! pa/ & /udi$ ! ne$s ( ! future1 s z to po9t out :at ! pres5t dem&s ( u4 ,we may n agree fully ) all ! views & conclusions express$1 b we %all f9d !m orig9al1 sugge/ive & illum9at+4 ,! publication ( ^! ,essays is !re=e opportune & timely1 & ! ,jewi% public is deeply indebt$ to ,dr4 ,melam$ = _! pres5tation4 ,,h>ry ,,fri$5wald4 ,baltimore1 ,decemb] #bc1 #aiag4 ,,judea ,,& ,,rome ,ev5 hi/ory has its reasons t reason (t5 fails to und]/&4 ,:5 news rea*$ ,rome 9 ,augu/ #gj ,c4,e4 t ,judea 0 conqu]$1 ! temple burn$ & ! ,jewi% p subjugat$1 ! ,roman populace greet$ x ) ! infam\s cry1 ,hi]osolyma e/ p]dita2 !re 0 rejoic+ at ! d[nfall & humiliation ( ! ,jewi% /ate4 ,eighte5 hundr$ & =ty-sev5 ye>s lat]1 aft] ! deaf5+ cries ,hi]osolyma e/ p]dita 7 %\t$ 9 ! /reets ( ! et]nal city1 an ,italian army leaves ,rome ) ,pale/9e aga9 z its objective2 b ?is "t x m>*es n ) ! object ( annihilat+ ,judea1 b1 z an (ficial message puts x--to enable ! alli$ p[]s to wre/ ! ,holy ,l& f ! ,turks1 to turn x ov] ev5tually to ! ,jews1 & ?us to rebuild ,judea4 ,ev5 if !re %\ld be little to ! ,roman ann\ncem5t1 x is n lack+ a pa!tic t\*2 x te/ifies to ! grim irony ( hi/ory4 ,! same ,rome t once de/roy$ ,judea is mak+ public its int5tion today to help rebuild x4 ,our ance/ors1 :o 7 ! tragic witnesses ( ! cruel de/ruction ( ,judea1 w\ld surely n ?9k ( ! possibility t aft] a lapse ( ne>ly two ?\s& ye>s1 an army %\ld leave ,rome = ,pale/9e ) ! object ( help+ to re9/ate ! ,jewi% p 9 ! l& ( its =efa!rs2 nor c\ld anyone h =ese5 t ! ,rome ( old1 t aim$ at ! subjugation ( small nationalities1 w\ld be succe$$ by a new ,rome t pron\nces its /& = ! rights & political re-e/abli%m5t ( small & oppress$ nationalities4 ,( c\rse1 p w say t mod]n ,rome c 9 no way be comp>$ to anci5t ,rome & t ! two h no?+ 9 common4 ,h[ev]1 ^? :o h read ,montesquieu & ,hegel on ! de$s ( anci5t ,rome & ^? :o h foll[$ ! developm5t ( mod]n ,rome1 w recognize ! close simil>ity betwe5 ! two4 ,z f> z p[] & political & /rategic g5ius g1 mod]n ,rome1 x is true1 _c be comp>$ to its pr$ecessor ( two ?\s& ye>s ago2 b if traditions1 surr\nd+s & o!r sociological factors t give a p %ape & =m c\nt = any?+1 ! ,roman ( today is b\nd to h a good deal 9 common ) ! ,roman ( two ?\s& ye>s ago1 ev5 if ! "o is n racially ! (fspr+ ( ! o!r4 ,pres5t-day ,rome has mu* 9 common ) anci5t ,rome4 ,! ma9 diff]5ce betwe5 !m is1 ( c\rse1 ?is3 ,:ile anci5t ,rome1 dom9at+ ! entire _w !n kn[n to humanity1 & =m+ ! c5tre ( ! ,m$it]ranean civilization1 0 ! _w p[] ( ! "t1 mod]n ,rome holds nei!r ! political position ( anci5t ,rome nor is x ! repres5tative & be>] ( ! ,m$it]ranean civilization4 ,! pr$om9ance ( ,m$it]ranean civilization has gone ) ! la/ great ,doges ( ,v5ice1 & mod]n ,rome is no long] ! c5tre ( gravitation ( civiliz$ humanity t anci5t ,rome 0 two ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! la/ mill5ium1 ! c5tre ( civilization has %ift$ f ! ,m$it]ranean to ! ,atlantic4 ,x is ! ,atlantic civilization t is supreme today4 ,! :ole t]rible fight t is go+ on today 9 all p>ts ( ! _w is n a fight ab\t ! ,m$it]ranean & its supremacy1 b x is a /ruggle = ! ,atlantic & its pr$om9ance--&1 9 ?is /ruggle1 ,rome is no long] play+ a lead+ "p4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! fight ab\t ! ,m$it]ranean1 ,judea 0 de/roy$ & ! :ole ,semitic race ne>ly annihilat$4 ,! w>s ( ,rome aga9/ ,c>?age1 ! p ( :i* spoke ,hebrew & =m$ a bran* ( ! ,aramaic family ( nations1 7 f\ght ) ! only object ( pres]v+ ,roman supremacy 9 ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,! fight = ! ,atlantic1 h[ev]1 has already result$ 9 ! re-e/abli%m5t ( "o ,semitic nation--! ,arab--& w probably also result 9 ! re-e/abli%m5t ( old ,judea4 ,t is :]e ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! fight = ! ,m$it]ranean1 f\ght by anci5t ,rome1 & ! fight = ! ,atlantic1 9 :i* mod]n ,rome p>ticipates1 comes 94 ,! anci5t ,m$it]ranean ,rome 0 n only imp]iali/ic to ! core1 b univ]sali/ic z well4 ,! *ief aim & plan ( anci5t ,rome 0 to subjugate ! :ole _w1 !n kn[n to humanity1 ) a view to dom9at+ x4 ,! idea ( a univ]sal mon>*y at ! exp5se ( ! indep5d5ce & fre$om ( o!r nations fir/ orig9at$ 9 anci5t ,rome4 ,rome ( today1 :i* takes "p 9 ! fight = ! ,atlantic1 is imp]iali/ic1 al?\gh no long] /riv+ = political univ]salism & _w dom9ation2 x ann\nces t x /&s today = ! pres]vation ( ! individuality ( ! small nations4 ,! prospective re-e/abli%m5t ( ,judea1 z "o ( ! consequ5ces ( ! pres5t w>1 _c be a bl9d *ance ( fate4 ,!re is hi/orical logic 9 ?is developm5t4 ,pale/9e1 z a ,m$it]ranean c\ntry c\ld n ma9ta9 its indep5d5ce 9 ! face ( a ris+ ,m$it]ranean _w p[] t /rove to ma/] n only ! ,m$it]ranean b all ! o!r p>ts ( ! globe !n kn[n to mank9d4 ,our sages ( old f\nd a ?\s& & "o moral & political reasons = ! d[nfall ( anci5t ,judea & = its de/ruction by ,rome4 ,!y ascrib$ ! d[nfall ( anci5t ,judea n only to political1 b ev5 to moral causes & to ! gr[? ( individual hatr$ & diss5sions among ! ,jews !mselves4 ,! int]nal political & moral reasons advanc$ by our sages = ! d[nfall ( ,judea may h contribut$ to ! de/ruction1 b ! ma9 reason 0 ! det]m9ation ( ,rome to ma/] all ! %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean & to dom9ate ! entire anci5t _w4 ,9 ! face ( ?is fact1 ev5 an int]nally solid & /rong ,judea w\ld h f9ally succumb$ z did ,c>?age1 :i* produc$ great] g5]als & gave a bett] milit>y acc\nt ( itself ?an did ,judea4 ,! de/ruction ( ,judea 0 a tragic hi/orical necessity & c\ld only h be5 avoid$ if ,rome _h1 by a miracle1 sudd5ly disappe>$ f ! face ( ! e>?4 ,7 pres5t ,rome :at anci5t ,rome 01 ! c5tre ( civilization t /rove = ! ma/]y n only ( ! ,m$it]ranean c\ntries b also ( ! entire _w1 ! prospective re-e/abli%m5t ( ,judea today w\ld h z little *ance z anci5t ,judea ( surviv+ or resi/+ ,roman aggression4 ,! prospective re-e/abli%m5t ( ,judea is only possible because ! c5tre ( civilization has be5 %ift$ f ! ,m$it]ranean to ! ,atlantic4 ,:y did ! ,jewi% p suff] two ?\s& ye>s "u ! disp]sion & :y did !y n try dur+ ?is long p]iod to re-e/abli% _! political sov]eignty 9 ! l& ( _! ance/ors8 ,ev5 ! be/ ( our ?9k]s ascribe ?is national default & political apa?y to a sort ( le?>gy ( :i* ! ,jews 7 app>5tly ! victims4 ,to _m a ,jewi% ?9k]1 ,ahad ,ha'am n except$1 ! pa/ two ?\s& ye>s ( ,jewi% exi/5ce appe>s to be planless & "o great hi/oric confusion2 b on look+ closely at developm5ts1 "o w come to recognize t n because ( le?>gy1 b because ( giv5 hi/orical conditions1 ! ,jewi% p c\ld n up to our times h attempt$ to re-e/abli% _! national sov]eignty 9 ! l& ( _! =efa!rs4 ,m ?an a ?\s& ye>s aft] ! d[nfall ( we/]n ,rome1 ,m$it]ranean civilization1 ?\gh deg5]at$1 rema9$ supreme & 0 id5tical ) civilization at l>ge4 ,! *ief move ( its c5tre f ! ,m$it]ranean to ! ,atlantic & ! consolidation ( a new c5t] 0 accompli%$ only aft] a /ruggle ( ne>ly five hundr$ ye>s4 ,s long z ,atlantic civilization 0 n supreme & s long z ! fight = its supremacy 0 n f9i%$1 ! political re-e/abli%m5t ( ,judea1 closely connect$ ) ! settlem5t ( ! solution ( que/ions aris+ out ( ! fight = ! ,atlantic & all t !re is to x--! individualization ( int]national politics1 ! pres]vation ( ! small nationalities1 _! political re/oration1 etc4--c\ld n be tak5 up & no s]i\s attempt to re-e/abli% ! ,jewi% nationality 9 ,pale/9e c\ld be made by ! ,jews or o!r nations int]e/$ 9 ! settlem5t ( ! ,jewi% "q4 ,= ^! reasons1 ! re-e/abli%m5t ( ,judea1 z "o ( ! po/-bellum problems1 is z hi/orically logical n[ z 0 ! d[nfall ( ,judea a hi/orical necessity two ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,!re are no bl9d *ances 9 hi/ory1 nor are !re /agnant mom5ts 9 hi/ory4 ,hi/ory has its reasons1 :i*1 h[ev]1 reason (t5 fails to und]/&4 ,,l& ,,& ,,p ,ev] s9ce ! ,jewi% p lo/ its national indep5d5ce & sov]eignty & began to live 9 disp]sion among ! nations ( ! e>?1 x has lo/ ! opportunity & possibility ( cont9u+ ! "w ( its national civilization & has _h to be satisfi$ ) produc+ cultural values only4 ,ev]y?+ t individual ,jews h a*iev$ 9 ! pa/ two ?\s& ye>s 9 ! doma9 ( civilization has be5 an enri*m5t ( ! civilization ( ! peoples among :om !y h liv$4 ,jews h always be5 prom95t 9 comm]ce & indu/ry1 b !re 0 no national ,jewi% comm]ce & no national ,jewi% indu/ry1 ev5 :5 ^? :o creat$ & develop$ c]ta9 bran*es ( comm]ce 7 all ,jews4 ,_! comm]cial & indu/rial activities & accompli%m5ts /r5g!n$ ! o!r nations among :om ! ,jews liv$1 b n !mselves4 ,9 _m cases !y h endang]$ & imp]il$ ! ,jewi% p1 because !y became ! ars5al ( anti-,semitic weapons4 ,! individual has pr(it$ by ,jewi% indu/rial & comm]cial a*ievem5ts1 b n ! ,jewi% collective body4 ,9 %ort1 all our "w & en]gy 9 ! doma9 ( practical civilization has rea*$ n ! ,jewi% p1 b o!r nations1 & only a few h giv5 u cr$it = ^! a*ievem5ts4 ,(t5 en\gh h we be5 blam$ = !m4 ,! ,dut*man is full ( envy ( ! ,jew to ! pres5t day = hav+ monopoliz$ ! diamond cutt+ indu/ry2 ! ,turks are /ill angry :5 !y rememb] t ,b>on de ,hirs* built _! railroads4 ,9 ,switz]l& p are blam+ ! ,jews = hav+ monopoliz$ ! silk & wat* indu/ries2 ! ,russians antagonize !m because ( _! big %>e 9 ! developm5t ( ! petrol wells 9 ! ,caucasus & 9 ! lumb] bus9ess 9 we/]n ,russia4 ,a fam\s ,g]man pr(essor1 ,w]n] ,somb>t1 has writt5 a volum9\s book ( five hundr$ pages 9 :i* he indicts u = hav+ develop$ capitalism1 :ile o!rs are accus+ ! ,jews ( hav+ produc$ anti-capitali/ic =ces4 ,9 %ort1 n only h ! activities ( individual ,jews 9 ! doma9 ( civilization n be5 ( pr(it to !m z a p1 b !y h 9 too _m cases s]v$ z a basis ( attack4 ,! cause ( ^! peculi> ph5om5a 0 our diaspora life4 ,we _h no homel& ( our own4 ,we _h no national soil b5ea? u & no national sky above u4 ,we 7 a w&]+ p & z su* c\ld n produce a national civilization1 :i* involves & presupposes a /atic & n a dynamic ord] ( ?+s4 ,b z soon z ! ,jews c lead a normal national life1 all ?is1 unhappy & tragic1 w *ange radically & an entirely new ord] ( ?+s w arise4 ,n ! ,jewi% individual1 z h]et(ore1 b ! ,jewi% p at l>ge1 w be ! ag5cy ( ! ,jewi% g5ius & :atev] ! ,jewi% individual has to contribute to civilization he w contribute ?r\gh ! ,jewi% p4 ,:ile 8 a*ievem5ts 9 ?is doma9 w s]ve humanity1 z h]et(ore1 !y w at ! same "t enri* ! life ( 8 own p & become a s\rce ( /r5g? in/ead ( weakness2 :5 ! ,jews h an opportunity to be active = civilization z ,jews1 ,jewi% individualism1 ! curse ( our racial life1 w gradually disappe>4 ,only a few ( u realize ! fact t ?is individualism1 :i* f9ds its unpleasant expression 9 petty factionalism1 communal /rife1 p>ty qu>rels & lack ( discipl9e among ! rank & file1 is 9 ! ma9 to be ascrib$ to ! fact t ! ,jews h no national civilization4 ,if we _h "o1 _m an unpleasant ph5om5on 9 our public life w\ld be impossible4 ,if ! ,jews _h common political responsibilities1 if !y _h all to look to ! safety ( _! c\ntry1 if !y _h all to look aft] _! national economic int]e/s1 ! national intellect w\ld be m uni=m & two ,jews w\ld n h ?ree diff]5t op9ions4 ,x is ! lack ( a national ,jewi% civilization t makes ! ,jewi% intellect que] & mis%ap54 ,! m9d ( a p c only be tra9$ by its national civilization1 & is ori5tat$ by x4 ,b s9ce ! ,jews h lack$ national civilization = ! la/ two ?\s& ye>s1 ! intellect ( ! nation has lo/ its uni=mity1 has become atomiz$ & has 9 _m cases gone a/ray4 ,?is has add$ to our inn] mis]y & has driv5 _m an ideali/ic ,jew to despair4 ,at ! mom5t :5 ! ,jews beg9 to lead a national life on national soil & "u _! own sky1 :i* give out l9e & color to ! s\l ( a nation1 _m negative en]gies :i* are active 9 our life because ( ! effects ( diaspora exi/5ce mu/ necess>ily disappe>4 ,! intellectual discipl9e ( ! nation w be re-e/abli%$ & ! life ( its s\l w aga9 assume normal proportions4 ,!re w be a ,jewi% public op9ion 9 ! be/ mean+ ( ! t]m1 n m]ely ! op9ion ( individual ,jews4 ,x is g5]ally ass]t$ t1 ?\gh ! ,jews z su* h n produc$ a civilization dur+ _! life 9 diaspora1 !y h produc$ a culture4 ,?is is s9c]ely believ$ by all ,jews1 by believ]s & disbeliev]s1 or?odox & re=m1 nationali/s & assimilationi/s4 ,?\gh "o lays m /ress on ! spiritual & ! o!r m on ! secul> aspect ( ! s-call$ ,jewi% culture1 ! out/&+ fact is1 h[ev]1 t ! belief 9 ! ,jewi% culture produc$ 9 ! diaspora is g5]al4 ,b if x is true t culture is a sup]/ructure ( civilization & has civilization z its basis1 x is h>d to see h[ x is possible to assume = "o mom5t t ! ,jews h produc$ any?+ l a culture dur+ _! diaspora life4 ,x is true t ,jews h writt5 books among :i* "s are fam\s 9 _w-lit]ature4 ,x is true t ! ,jews h pa9t$ good pictures4 ,x is also true t ! ,jews h compos$ good music4 ,b ! "q is (t5 m ?an ju/ifi$ :e!r or n ! ,jewi% g5ius has drawn ! mat]ial f ,jewi% s\rces & ,jewi% life4 ,are all ! good books ,jews h writt5 ,jewi% books8 ,are all ! good pictures ,jews h pa9t$ ,jewi% art8 ,& is ! good music ,jews h compos$ ,jewi% music8 ,9 "s cases !y are p>tly ,jewi%4 ,9 ! ov]:elm+ majority ( cases !y are n ,jewi% at all4 ,nei!r ,sp9oza nor ,b]gson1 nei!r ,he9e nor ,h(fmann/hal1 are ,jews 9 ! s5se t !y h be5 inspir$ exclusively by ,jewi% motives & t !y h drawn _! inspiration f ,jewi% s\rces alone4 ,b we c g ev5 fur!r & ma9ta9 t ev5 ^? great ,jews f ,philo ( ,alex&ria to ,maimonides & f ,maimonides to ,h]man ,coh51 :o 7 always consci\s ( _! ,judaism & :o ?\ght t !y 7 work+ z ,jews & t _! creations 7 ,jewi%1 /ood mu* m "u ! spell ( ali5 ?an ,jewi% influ5ce1 & 9 _! "w 7 less ,jews ?an is g5]ally suppos$4 ,9 spite ( _! racial en?usiasm1 _! intellect 0 hyph5at$4 ,philo 0 at lea/ z mu* ,greek z he 0 ,jew1 ,maimonides at lea/ z mu* ,greek & ,arab1 & ,coh5 is at lea/ z mu* ,g]man z he is ,jew1 if n m4 ,we are quick 9 our condemnation ( ^? :o wrote on ! tomb/one ( ,maimonides1 ,h]etic & ,disbeliev]4 ,we are angry at ! fanatics ( ,am/]dam :o excommunicat$ ,sp9oza1 & we are (t5 angry at ^? :o utt] sev]e criticism ( ,h]man ,coh5 z a ,jew4 ,b ^! fanatics1 wrong z !y may be 9 _! me?ods1 are n entirely wrong 9 _! motives & ideas4 ,!y are ,jews 9 :om /rong ,jewi% in/9cts are alive & ^! ,jews1 gift$ ) m orig9al in/9cts ?an ! av]age ,jew1 see m quickly :at is ,jewi% & :at is n 9 ! "w ( a great ,jew2 x is ! un-,jewi% motive 9 ^! works by :i* !y are repuls$4 ,ev5 ! ,jewi% religion has be5 l>gely influ5c$1 n only by non-,jewi% surr\nd+s1 b also by non-,jewi% religi\s motives4 ,! tru? ( ! matt] is t national ,jewi% culture ceas$ to be ) ! de/ruction ( ! ,jewi% /ate4 ,f t "t on1 individual ,jews h cultivat$ ,jewi% ?\ghts & ,jewi% feel+s1 b !y c\ld n prev5t _! ?\ghts & feel+s f be+ s m+l$ ) & d>k5$ by non-,jewi% ?\ghts & feel+s z to lose _! orig9al /r5g?4 ,mu* ( our s-call$ national lit]ature is n organic1 b consi/s ( a numb] ( books writt5 by individual ,jews :o 7 only too (t5 inspir$ by motives m non-,jewi% ?an ,jewi%4 ,! same is true ( ,jewi% art1 ,jewi% music1 etc4 ,only :5 our culture t\*es ^u our classical pa/ or ^u our national future1 t is to say1 :5 x is n influ5c$ by ! *aos ( ! pres5t1 is x truly ,jewi%4 ,:5 ! ,jews return to ,pale/9e & beg9 to develop a national civilization1 _! culture w be built up n only on ! pa/ or ! future1 b also on ! pres5t4 ,x w gr[ ) ! gr[? ( civilization & x w n be a culture ( individuals :o are inspir$ by "o ?\ght appe>+ 9 diff]5t colors z ! result ( v>i\s influ5ces2 x w be ! culture ( a nation1 an organic ess5ce produc$ & develop$ ) ! help ( ! entire nation4 ,?is w be ! consequ5ce ( a national ,jewi% homel& 9 ,pale/9e4 ,,pale/9e',s ,,role ,,9 ,,! ,,_w',s ,,hi/ory ,ev5 t]ritories are subject to ! incalculable caprice ( ,fate4 ,pale/9e1 a small t]ritory 9 ,we/]n ,asia1 =m+ ! s\!rn ?ird ( ! prov9ce ( ,syria1 excell$ 9 natural beauty by ,switz]l& or ! ,tyrol1 has nev]!less be5 t\*$ by ! ,_s ( ,humanity & has ex]t$ a great] influ5ce ^u ! developm5t ( ! human m9d ?an any o!r c\ntry 9 ! _w1 n except+ anci5t ,hellas & ,rome4 ,!re is h>dly ano!r l& t has witness$ z great hi/oric ev5ts z has ,pale/9e2 !re is surely no o!r l& t has se5 s _m invad+ conqu]ors on its soil4 ,no o!r spot on ! globe has s k9dl$ ! magnetism ( ! great nations ?r\gh\t ! ages z ,pale/9e4 ,today1 :5 an army ( ! mighty ,briti% ,empire is fight+ h>d to conqu] ,pale/9e1 ! l& ( et]nal my/]y & miracles1 x is well to rememb] t ?r\gh\t ! ages e great p[] has f\ght = ! possession ( ! ,holy ,l&4 ,9 ! e>ly days ( our civilization ,babylonians1 ,egyptians1 ,assyrians & ,p]sians 9 turn tri$ to conqu] ! c\ntry4 ,at a lat] "t1 ! ,greeks & ! ,romans made ! attempt2 9 ! middle ages ! great nations ( ,europe 7 organiz$ by ! ,*ur* to wre/ ,pale/9e f ! ,mohamm$ans4 ,all ! great conqu]ors 9 hi/ory1 f ,nebuz>adan & ,titus to ,napoleon1 h comm&$ invad+ armies on ,pale/9e soil4 ,?is small l& ( ,pale/9e1 dr5*$ ) human blood s9ce "t immemorial1 has become ! holy c5tre ( ?ree great religions1 & witness$ ! bir? ( two great religions1 ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity4 ,f ! purely religi\s po9t ( view ! l& is z holy to ,islam z x is to ,*ri/5dom or ,jewry4 ,politically1 x has always be5 & /ill rema9s ! goal ( _m a great p[]4 ,! ,turk holds x1 ! ,briti% are anxi\s to conqu] x1 ! ,fr5* h politico-hi/orical claims on ,syria1 :i* includes ,pale/9e1 ! ,roman ,*ur* consid]s x its special doma9 & aspires to possess x2 ! ,emp]or ( ,au/ria /ill be>s ! title ,k+ ( ,j]usalem1 & ! ,k+ ( ! ,belgians1 on ! assumption t he is an (fspr+ ( ! ,crusad] ,pr9ce :o rul$ ov] ,j]usalem = a :ile1 ass]ts hi/oric claims on ! ,holy ,l& :i*1 h[ev]1 he does n press4 ,pale/9e has se5 _m a *ange ( ma/]s & has be5 inhabit$ 9 turn by _m peoples4 ,b among all ! peoples t h liv$ 9 ,pale/9e !re is only "o1 ! nationhood & culture ( :i* has gr[n & develop$ !re--! ,jewi% p4 ,! ,judaism orig9at+ 9 ,pale/9e has become "o ( ! driv+ p[]s 9 hi/ory2 x cont9ues to fructify ! human m9d ( ! pres5t day4 ,mank9d be>s 9 m9d t j z 9 mod]n philosophy !re is sc>cely a s+le ?\ght t 0 n already kn[n ei!r to ! ,greeks or to ! ,romans1 s 9 mod]n social e?ics1 humanit>ianism & c\ntless bran*es ( mod]n political life !re is sc>cely an idea or ?\ght t 0 n prop\nd$ by ! repres5tatives ( ! anci5t ,jewi% m9d4 ,_m a radical idea commonly suppos$ to be a product ( ! civilization ( ! #ai? c5tury is f\nd on close exam9ation to be ! embodim5t ( an anci5t ,jewi% idea born on ,pale/9ian soil4 ,! k]nel & sum total ( ,m>xism is ( anci5t ,jewi% orig92 ,k>l ,m>x add$ a mod]n g>b to an anci5t ,jewi% ?\ght4 ,b ,pale/9e has witness$ n only ! bir? & developm5t ( ,judaism b also ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,*ri/ianity is1 r$uc$ to its orig9al compon5ts1 a syn!sis ( ,ea/]n & ,we/]n ,aryan ?\ght1 consi/+ ( ! univ]salism & pessimism ( anci5t ,india & ! individualism & optimism ( ! ,greeks & ,romans4 ,*ri/ianity is !re=e n only n a cont9uation ( ,judaism1 b its v anti!sis1 despite ! fact t !re is no?+ 9 ,ea/]n ,aryan & ,we/]n ,aryan ?\ght1 :5 look$ at sep>ately1 t _c also be f\nd 9 ,judaism4 ,! fight = ,pale/9e by ! great nations ( anci5t times1 ! orig9 & gr[? ( two hi/oric religions on ,pale/9ian soil1 ! subsequ5t /ruggle = ,pale/9e by unit$ ,*ri/5dom aga9/ ! ,islam & ! con/ant att5tion t humanity pays to ,pale/9e does n expla9 :y ,pale/9e is held sacr$4 ,ano!r explanation mu/ be f\nd :y ,pale/9e1 a /rip ( coa/ l& on ! ,m$it]ranean1 has become ! l& ( wond]s1 ! cradle ( ,european spiritualism4 ,pale/9e has become ! v well & c5tre ( ! spiritual life ( humanity because %e 0 s plac$ geographically z to be 9 a position to m$iate betwe5 ! ,ea/]n & ! ,we/]n ,aryans & because ,jewi% ?\ght1 born 9 ,pale/9e1 ! m$iat+ c5tre1 0 lat] to act z ! spiritual m$iator betwe5 bo? w+s ( ! ,aryan race )\t giv+ up its own position & indep5d5ce4 ,! geographical position ( ! region :]e ,judaism arose is locat$ j betwe5 ! settlem5ts ( ! ,we/ & ,ea/ ,aryans4 ,j z ,pale/9e is ! geographical c5tre betwe5 ,ea/ & ,we/ ,aryans1 s also does ! ,jewi% m9d born 9 ,pale/9e m$iate betwe5 ,tibet & ,greece4 ,! ,ea/ ,aryans believ$ 9 ! univ]sal1 ! inf9ite--! ,we/ ,aryans 9 ! individual1 z express$ 9 classic my?ology4 ,! ,jewi% ,god-concept comprises bo? ( ^! extremes4 ,! ,jewi% ,god is ! highe/ individuality1 b he is also ,god :o has creat$ ! univ]se1 ! ,god ( all mank9d4 ,! ,biblical cosmogony %[s comb9ation ( ?is individuality ) univ]sality4 ,z ! ,biblical metaphysic m$iates betwe5 ! extremes ( ,aryan ?\ght1 s does ! ,jewi% m9d born 9 ,pale/9e hold ! middle betwe5 ,greek & ,indian ?\ght4 ,! ,jewi% m9d lacks bo? ! cold1 analytical intellectuality ( ! ,greek & ! my/ic1 fanta/ical t5d5cy ( ! ,indian m9d4 ,) ! ,jew1 h[ev]1 reason is prais$ & k highly valu$1 :ile feel+ is giv5 its due & is n mortifi$4 ,! prophet is n an individuali/ nor is he a hazy univ]sali/1 b a self-sacrific+ patriot :o = ! love ( 8 p suff]s m>tyrdom1 & yet a cosmopolitan :o 9 8 he>t full ( love embraces all mank9d4 ,:5 ! two ,aryan culture ?\ghts met 9 ,alex&ria & ,rome1 ! ,jewi% ?\ght int]v5$ & act$ z m$iator betwe5 ! two extremes4 ,( c\rse x 0 n done by consci\s design1 b we _c disreg>d ! influ5ce m5 l ,philo ex]cis$ on ! c\rse ( ev5ts4 ,:ile _m mom5ta & causes co-op]at$ 9 mak+ ! ,jew ! m$iator betwe5 ^! two extremes1 ! ma9 cause no d\bt 0 ! middle position occupi$ by ,judaism4 ,x 0 relat$ to bo? sides & c\ld !re=e effect a reconciliation4 ,?is1 to our m9d1 expla9s 9 ! ma9 ! place ( ,pale/9e & ,judaism 9 ! _w's hi/ory4 ,! ,jews1 a small ,asiatic p1 ow+ to a rem>kable concat5ation ( ev5ts & *ances1 h set 9 motion a circulation ( ideas1 :i* lat] on cem5t$ o!r great cultures4 ,*ri/ianity is n1 z ,*ri/ian !ologians w\ld h ! _w believe1 a cont9uation ( ,judaism4 ,:at ,judaism 9 ! ma9 did contribute to ,*ri/ianity 0 ! =m1 ! ar*itecture1 & ! cohesive p[] ( its v>i\s elem5ts4 ,if !re be any tru? 9 ! ass]tion t ! ,jews are ! ev]la/+ middlem51 x is n because !y h be5 = ! la/ two ?\s& ye>s ! economic or political middlem5 among ! nations :o =c$ !m into a p>asitical life1 b because !y1 a ,pale/9ian p1 h br\ght ab\t a union betwe5 worlds ( ?\ght :i* 7 array$ aga9/ ea* o!r4 ,by reason ( ?is m$iation1 !y h impregnat$ o!r peoples ) _! own m9d4 ,,judaiz+ ,,pale/9e ,9 spite ( ! political & diplomatic ev5ts ( ! two mon?s prec$+ ! ,baltimore ,zioni/ ,conv5tion1 n "o ( ! responsible ,zioni/ lead]s utt]$ a ^w ) reg>d to ! political situation p]ta9+ to ,pale/9e4 ,! v>i\s rumors conc]n+ a ,jewi% republic 9 ,pale/9e h be5 answ]$ by ! repres5tatives ( ,am]ican ,zionism )--sil5ce4 ,?is attitude on ! "p ( ! responsible ,zioni/ lead]s te/ifies to _! political ability & tact1 = no?+ w\ld be m dang]\s today ?an to discuss ,pale/9e at a ,zioni/ assembly 9 z c>eless a mann] z p]sons h done = ! la/ few mon?s4 ,! situation is /ill fraught ) difficulties1 dang]s & unc]ta9ty2 & ! less x is spok5 ( ! bett] = all p>ties conc]n$4 ,! "q on ! lips ( e delegate to ! conv5tion3 ,:at h we to expect8 has be5 well answ]$ by ! repres5tative ( ! ,provisional ,committee = ,g5]al ,zioni/ ,affairs--,we expect to be able to create aft] ! w> su* conditions 9 ,pale/9e z to enable u to c>ry out our program4 ,to ^? delegates :o are n able to ?9k 9 t]ms ( /atesman%ip ! answ] ( ! (ficial repres5tatives ( ! ,provisional ,committee mu/ h appe>$ to be unsatisfactory1 b ! bett] politically tra9$ ,zioni/s appreciat$ ! answ] z ! only "o possible "u ! pres5t circum/ances & x conv9c$ !m t ! lead]s 9 ?is c\ntry are politically on ! "r track4 ,all ! talk ab\t a spe$y e/abli%m5t ( a ,jewi% republic 9 ,pale/9e 9 :i* ev5 a "p ( ! g5]al press indulg$ is pure fancy if we consid] ?+s 9 ! light ( reality4 ,a republic or any =m ( /ate _c be made--x mu/ gr[ naturally f c]ta9 giv5 conditions1 x mu/ develop organically4 ,s long z ! p & ! p's l& are sep>at$ physically f "o ano!r1 h[ c ! syn!sis ( ! /ate be won8 ,x is1 !re=e1 cle> t ! v fir/ condition = ! realization ( ! ,zioni/ program is a settlem5t ( ,jews 9 ,pale/9e en masse1 :i* settlem5t is n possible unless c]ta9 economic conditions are creat$ to enable ! settl]s to organize _! life spe$ily & acclimatize !mselves z quickly z possible4 ,b ?is creat+ ( conditions is n z easy a task z _m p]sons imag9e4 ,x n only presumes a favorable political situation1 b also a display ( organiz+ g5ius1 important f9ancial transactions & almo/ h]oic de$s4 ,if ,pale/9e 7 an indu/rial c\ntry :]e new indu/ries c\ld be creat$ or ! old ones s develop$ z to give su/5ance to masses ( new settl]s1 ! task w\ld n be difficult4 ,pale/9e1 h[ev]1 is at pres5t n an indu/rial c\ntry1 !re are no m9es & consequ5tly no factories ( importance2 x is altoge!r an agricultural c\ntry1 ! soil ( :i*1 ?\gh pot5tially v productive1 has be5 neglect$ = c5turies & mu/ be reg5]at$ be=e x c produce en\gh to fe$ a l>ge population4 ,b ev5 if ,pale/9e 7 an indu/rial c\ntry x w\ld be an unwise policy to make indu/ry ! economic basis ( ! future population4 ,if ! ,jewi% p are go+ to be reborn n only politically b also physically1 m5tally & morally1 ! masses ( ! ,jewi% p mu/ return to agriculture & to c\ntry life4 ,= ! la/ two ?\s& ye>s we h be5 a city-population & we h acquir$ all ! habits & qualities ( "o4 ,city life has wr\ght havoc among u4 ,if ,zionism has a philosophy !n ! return ( l>ge numb]s ( ! ,jews to c\ntry-life is "p & p>cel ( t philosophy by :i* we mu/ abide if we d n mean to deceive ourselves4 ,besides1 agriculture is a mu* s\nd] basis = a /ate ?an indu/ry4 ,! agricultural c\ntry is peaceful1 cons]vative1 mod]ate1 :ile ! indu/rial c\ntry is always re/less1 upset1 radical & bellicose4 ,if an individuali/ic--& because ( a long life 9 ! disp]sion--n]v\s p l ! ,jews %\ld build its entire future on indu/ry1 x w\ld be built on s&4 ,= ?is & _m o!r good reasons1 we mu/ make agriculture ! ma9 economic basis ( ,jewi% life 9 ,pale/9e4 ,b to create favorable agricultural conditions to enable an immigration en masse to ,pale/9e is mu* m difficult ?an to create favorable indu/rial conditions1 especially 9 view ( ! fact t ! ,pale/9ian soil has be5 neglect$4 ,! economic future ( ,pale/9e re/s to our pres5t k on agriculture & trade4 ,= ! pa/ t5 ye>s ,pale/9ian trade has be5 increas+ f ye> to ye>1 especially t ( comm]ce 9 fruit & w9e4 ,pale/9e c1 if its soil is prop]ly till$ & mod]n agricultural me?ods us$1 produce su* quantities ( fruits & gra9 z n only to fe$ ! native population b also to supply o!r c\ntries4 ,! same holds true ( w9e & tobacco & probably cotton4 ,indu/ries c be e/abli%$ :i* h ! home products z a ma9 basis1 su* z cann+ & pack+ indu/ries1 manufacture ( soap1 p]fumes1 etc4 ,! possibilities ( pa/oral indu/ry 9 ,pale/9e are enorm\s1 & indu/ri\s ,jewi% ran*]s may turn ,ea/]n ,pale/9e into a second ,texas4 ,!re are altoge!r va/ possibilities & %\ld a favorable political situation enable u to revive & to create ! necess>y economic conditions = a ,jewi% settlem5t en masse 9 ! l&1 ,jewi% indu/ry & ,jewi% f9ancial /r5g? comb9$ ) ,jewi% idealism w\ld )9 a few ye>s ( h>d "w prep>e ! gr\nd = a realization ( ! ,zioni/ program4 ,?is is :at ! ,zioni/ lead]s h 9 m9d :5 !y speak ( creat+ su* conditions 9 ,pale/9e4 ,x is fur!r und]/ood t next to ! prep>+ ( economic conditions1 some?+ mu/ be done 9 ! field ( social & cultural prep>ation4 ,:5 a gr\p ( ,jews is s5t to ,pale/9e1 x mu/ f9d !re su* social & cultural prep>ations z to make civiliz$ life possible4 ,"o _c1 ( c\rse1 build communities1 s*ools1 social & *>itable in/itutions 9 ,pale/9e be=e l>ge masses ( our p h settl$ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! gr\nd = ! e/abli%m5t ( su* in/itutions mu/ be prep>$ be=e ! actual immigration takes place = we w n s5d our p to a wild]ness4 ,! ,jewi% gr\ps t w emigrate to ,pale/9e may n f9d actually erect$ all ! s*ools & hospitals !y ne$1 b !y mu/ f9d ev]y?+ t is necess>y = re-e/abli%m5t ( su* in/itutions & ! m5 ne$$ to conduct !m4 ,?is is n an easy task b x c be accompli%$ if we c5tre our organiz+ g5ius on x4 ,9 ?is way we c ,judaize ,pale/9e 9 a relatively %ort "t & :5 ?is is done ! geographic & economic position w be us$ = a /r5g!n+ ( all ! sociological factors :i* are necess>y = ! creation ( a ,jewi% homel&4 ,pale/9e1 on acc\nt ( its geographic condition c aga9 be develop$ to a mighty trade c5tre & x c become ! great comm]cial roadway betwe5 ,europe1 ,africa & ,we/]n ,asia4 ,?is1 toge!r ) its solid economic & social organization1 w give ,pale/9e political /r5g? & position among ! civiliz$ c\ntries 9 ! _w4 ,x c ?us be se5 t x is futile at pres5t to talk ( ! imm$iate e/abli%m5t ( a ,jewi% republic 9 ,pale/9e4 ,! v be/ t c be done & w be done is to prep>e ! gr\nd economically1 socially & culturally = ! settlem5t ( great masses ( our p 9 ! ,holy ,l&4 ,& x w be = ! settl]s to %ape ! future & to /rive to realize ! ,zioni/ ,ideal3 ,a p]man5tly secur$ homel& = ! ,jewi% p 9 ! l& ( its ance/ors4 ,unless ?is big "w is done1 no p[] on e>? c help u c>ry out our national political program1 because /ates _c be made b mu/ develop organically4 ,,national ,,exi/5ce ,,& ,,national ,,hi/oric ,,life ,:at is ! ess5ce ( ! hi/oric life ( a p8 ,?is "q has be5 on ! program ( ! sociologi/ ev] s9ce society began to free itself f ! hold ( ! /ate4 ,prior to ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 :5 society & ! /ate 7 int]l9k$ by ?\s&s ( /r&s1 ! belief 0 curr5t t ! national /ate--p>ticul>ly1 ! well organiz$1 c5traliz$ /ate--is ! ess5ce ( ! hi/oric life ( a p4 ,x 0 ?\ght t z soon z a special =m ( gov]nm5t 0 ov]turn$ ! p w\ld turn loose l a h]d ( wild m54 ,!n came ! ,fr5* ,revolution & laid ! pre/ige ( ! /ate l[4 ,a national society began to organize1 outside ! /ate1 & became a hi/oric factor ( its own acc\nt4 ,x !n became evid5t t ! /ate 0 n ! only ess5ce ( ! hi/oric life ( a p1 t !re 7 o!r factors equally1 or ev5 m important1 & t no national hi/oric life c\ld exi/ )\t !m4 ,only a %ort "t be=e ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 a ,fr5* hi/orian said t ! ,*9ese nation1 despite its liv+ a national life1 is only exi/+ 9 a hi/oric s5se1 because x has no influ5ce ^u ! hi/oric process1 & plays no "p 9 ! production ( cultural values = ! human race4 ,9 %ort1 ! ,*9ese nation lives outside ! pale ( hi/ory4 ,n[ !n1 if a p l t ( ,*9a1 numb]+ hundr$s ( millions ( s\ls & liv+ on its own soil "u ! auspices ( its own gov]nm5t1 is plac$ 9 ! category ( nations t m]ely exi/1 o!r nationalities ( small] numb]s & hav+ no national gov]nm5t are c]ta9ly n to be class$ z hi/orically liv+ nations4 ,lib]al-m9d$ ?9k]s1 ^: ?\ght 0 influ5c$ directly by ! ev5ts ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution endeavor$ to m9imize ! hi/oric glory ( ! /ate & r$uce x to only "o ( ! factors 9 ! hi/oric life ( a p4 ,! cons]vatives on ! o!r h& endeavor$ to re/ore to ! /ate its old glory4 ,! controv]sy 0 especially int5se 9 ,g]many4 ,hegel1 ! fa!r ( cons]vative philosophy 9 ,g]many1 rais$ ! /ate to ! p$e/al ( a deity1 *>act]iz+ x z ! aim & sub/ance ( hi/oric developm5t1 9 g5]al1 & z ! mo/ significant ph5om5on 9 hi/ory4 ,johann ,fi*te1 ,hegel's contempor>y & oppon5t1 ! fa!r ( ! national doctr9e 9 ,g]many gave society ! fir/ place1 & look$ ^u ! /ate z a necess>y evil4 ,he reg>d$ culture1 ) ! exception ( art1 z oppos$ to ! /ate4 ,! ess5ce ( hi/oric life 0 to him n ! political life ( ! p b its e?ics1 sci5ce1 religion & art4 ,! /ate c h a positive attitude t[>ds art alone--all ! o!r elem5ts1 su* z sci5ce1 religion & e?ics1 mu/ enjoy ! fre$om & indep5d5ce :i* ! /ate c n always grant to !m4 ,accord+ to him1 !re=e1 n political acts b sci5tific cognition & intellectual developm5t are ! driv+ =ces 9 ! hi/oric life ( a p4 ,ev5 ,kant himself--:o gave pref]5ce to ! /ate--recogniz$ a c]ta9 antagonism betwe5 e?ics & ! /ate4 ,! /ate is ! realm ( law1 :ile e?ics has its orig9 9 consci5ce4 ,! romantic philosophy1 :i* attempt$ to solve ?is problem f ! /&po9t ( e/hetics culm9at$ 9 ! extreme individualism :i* f\nd its highe/ expression 9 ! doctr9es ( ,nietzs*e4 ,! sup]man1 ! great p]sonality :i* a p produces is accord+ to ?is doctr9e ! aim & end ( hi/ory1 &1 naturally1 t ( ! hi/oric life ( a p4 ,h]d] h9t$ at ?is conclusion1 ,s*ell+ develop$ ! doctr9e & ,nietzs*e--! extremi/ ( romantici/s--p]fect$ x4 ,b ?is hi/oric p]sonality ( ! romantic philosoph]s is n only1 z _m are incl9$ to believe1 an intellectual be+4 ,! great philosoph] or ! great arti/ is n ! hi/oric p]sonality1 b ! man ( great de$s2 = hi/ory is fir/ & =emo/ ! realm ( action & n t ( ?\ght4 ,nietzs*e's blond bea/1 t is1 ! man ( great passions & great de$s1 is ! hi/oric p]sonality1 t motive p[] 9 hi/oric life1 9 g5]al1 & ! life ( ! nation 9 p>ticul>4 99 99 99 99 99 ,if we look ^u ,jewi% hi/ory 9 ! ,diaspora 9 ! light ( classic1 or romantic1 or ev5 mod]n philosophy1 we are b\nd to come to ! conclusion t ! ,jewi% p ceas$ to live a hi/oric national life :5 x 0 exil$ f its l&4 ,we h n liv$ a political life dur+ ! pa/ two ?\s& ye>s2 h5ce we c\ld n contribute to ! civilization ( mank9d1 = a national civilization is possible only 9 a national /ate4 ,true1 we h produc$ _m great p]sonalities1 b ! ,jewi% great p]sonality 9 ! ,golu? is n a great ,jewi% p]sonality--9 ! majority ( cases x is m]ely an intellectual p]sonality3 a poet1 an arti/1 a philosoph]1 etc4 ,"l ,beaconsfield c]ta9ly 0 a great hi/oric p]sonality2 b :o w\ld d>e claim ?is /atesman z a ,jewi% hi/oric p]sonality--! product ( ,jewi% culture8 ,8 de$s are *ronicl$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,engli% p2 8 hi/oric accompli%m5ts are ! hi/oric accompli%m5ts ( ! ,engli% p4 ,x 0 n ! ,jew ,disraeli :o procur$ ! ,suez ,canal = ! ,jewi% p1 b ! ,engli% /atesman1 ! ,"l ,beaconsfield :o acquir$ x = ! ,engli% p4 ,! ,jewi% great p]sonality display$ its tal5t 9 v>i\s intellectual fields1 b did no?+ 9 ! political field1 = :i* x lack$ ! necess>y conditions4 ,= two ?\s& ye>s1 we h liv$ an unhi/oric life--! life ( ,*9ese1 ) ! exception t ! ,*9ese live on _! own soil & 7 sp>$ ! p]secutions t fell to our lot4 ,we ek$ out an exi/5ce2 b we did n live4 ,h5ce ! entire hi/ory ( ! ,jewi% p = ! pa/ two ?\s& ye>s is a hi/ory ( ,jewi% lit]ature4 ,s9ce ! det]ioration ( ! ,jewi% /ate1 ,judaism has be5 a m]e lit]>y t5d5cy 9 g5]al hi/ory2 an int]e/+ t5d5cy1 to be sure1 occasionally ev5 orig9al1 b n m ?an a lit]>y t5d5cy4 ,n our hi/oric de$s b ! ab/ract ?\ght alone aid$ u 9 cont9u+ our exi/5ce--our philosophy1 poetry1 e?ics1 & religi\s crav+s kept u alive4 ,we ! be>]s ( t lit]>y aspiration h be5 go+ a-begg+ = ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,we w&]$ f l& to l& & f sea to sea )\t an end 9 view4 ,all our political a*ievem5ts h be5 conc5trat$ 9 our memory = ! pa/ two ?\s& ye>s4 ,we rememb]$ t we once 7 a p l e o!r p1 & by ! m]e =ce ( ^! memories we w5t :]ev] we 7 direct$4 ,?us 9 our long travels we h become spiritualiz$1 we h conv]t$ a sy/em ( national culture ) laws & regulations ab\t ! /ate & its rul]s to a sy/em ( !ology4 ,! anci5t ,hebrew culture :i* is ess5tially a secul> culture became to u a sacr$ ?+4 ,! ,hebrew prophets1 :o 7 hi/oric p]sonalities 9 ! full s5se ( ! ^w1 because !y 7 m5 ( action1 /atesm5 & w>riors ( political battles1 7 rais$ by u to ! category ( sa9ts 9 ! !ological s5se4 ,?us ! ,hebrew culture 0 r$uc$ to a m]e !ological sy/em4 ,we liv$ 9 a ,roman environm5t1 t is1 9 an environm5t :i* draws its /r5g? f anci5t ,rome1 ^: program 0 ! /ate1 practical civilization1 w>s1 conque/s1 revolts1 political reorganization1 etc4 ,9 su* an environm5t ) its peculi> culture1 !re 0 no room = ! anci5t ,jewi% culture bas$ on e?ical tea*+s1 :i*1 9 ord] to be able to ma9ta9 its exi/5ce1 0 compell$ to conf9e itself )9 ! walls ( ! synagogue4 ,9 %ort1 x is n only impossible to create new cultural values 9 ! ,diaspora b ev5 to cont9ue ! ?read ( ! anci5t ,hebrew idea1 9 ess5ce an idea ( civilization4 ,9 exile1 m s 9 ,roman exile1 !re 0 no pa/ & no future = ,judaism4 ,anci5t ,judaism 0 a hi/oric & n a lit]>y ph5om5on2 h5ce1 s9ce x has be5 ! de/9y ( ! ,jewi% p = ! pa/ two ?\s& ye>s to exi/1 & n to live a normal national life1 x is ev5 unable to pres]ve ! memories ( a hi/oric pa/4 ,!n came ,zionism4 ,! nationali/ic tr5d 9 hi/ory has influ5c$ ! ,jewi% p too4 ,zionism came n f ! ,ea/1 b f ! ,we/--f ! c5tre ( mod]n nationalism4 ,mod]n nationalism1 unlike t ( anci5t peoples1 is n a cultural nationalism2 mod]n nationalism is nationalism 9 ! s5se ( civilization & c be und]/ood only 9 connection ) ! indu/rial revolution & ! colonial expansion ( ! great nations4 ,zionism c\ld n h come f ! ,ea/2 = ! ,ea/ is politically & indu/rially n suffici5tly develop$ to produce a movem5t :i* is bo? national & civiliz+4 ,! ,zioni/ plat=m is kn[n to all3 ,a publicly recogniz$ & legally secur$ home 9 ,pale/9e = ! ,jews4 ,:at is ! hi/oric mean+ ( ?is program8 ,x is to conv]t an unhi/oric p1 t is1 a p t does n live a hi/oric life1 to a normal hi/oric p & to create = x all ! factors necess>y = a national civilization3 a ,hebrew adm9i/ration1 a national ,hebrew economic life1 a ,hebrew education1 a ,hebrew social organization4 ,! ,zioni/ g5ius realiz$ t !re _c be ev5 national ,hebrew culture )\t a national ,hebrew civilization1 = ! culture ( a p is only ! ro( on ! edifice ( a national civilization1 & woe to ! culture :i* lays its f\ndation ^u p]sonalities & does n draw f ! wells ( ! nation's civilization4 ,at pres5t !re are only atoms connect$ to "o ano!r by ! ties ( national remembrances1 _s1 tradition1 & poetry4 ,zionism purports ! build+ out ( ^! atoms1 :i* are scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! _w1 ( a national organism 9 ! l& ( ! ,hebrews4 ,& s9ce e national polity & civilization is secul>1 ) ! exception ( papal ,rome & !ocratic ,tibet1 ! function ( ,zionism is to create ^? conditions :i* w aga9 secul>ize ,judaism1 & raise x to ! p$e/al ( its anci5t glory--to make x a hi/oric =ce4 ,golu? means3 a scatt]$ exi/5ce1 & "o ( mis]y & affliction4 ,zionism means3 a national hi/oric life4 ,& he :o pref]s a national life to a mis]able exi/5ce has no o!r *oice ?an to jo9 ! ,zioni/ ranks4 ,,driv+ ,,=ces3 ,,national ,,or ,,spiritual8 ,! days ( religi\s w>s h gone4 ,! ,inquisition is dead & !ocracy is dy+ ev5 at ,tibet4 ,! mod]n man1 be he ,g5tile or ,jew1 no long] ?9ks m !ologico z 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 b r m sociologico4 ,! "t :5 a giv5 religi\s dogma1 a categorical philosophic pr9ciple1 or "s def9ite spiritual =ce 0 ! driv+ p[] 9 hi/ory is f> gone4 ,law & ord] 9 our political & social life are n d]iv$ f books & pr9ciples1 b f life itself4 ,any attempt to return to ! /atus quo ante #aghi1 is an assault on mod]n civilization1 an attempt to re-e/abli% !ocracy 9 its v>i\s =ms4 ,9 ! life ( our own p ! process ( secul>ization is go+ on ) ! same rapidity z 9 ! life ( any o!r nation4 ,)9 five decades we h creat$ a secul> lit]ature 9 ,hebrew z well z 9 ! o!r languages spok5 by ,jews1 & all ! =ms ( our modes ( life1 public z well z private1 h gone ?r\gh ! process ( secul>ization4 ,ev5 ! mod]n or?odox ,jew1 :o obs]ves all laws & rituals1 diff]s q 9 8 disposition ( m9d f ! or?odox ,jew ( ! sev5te5? or eighte5? c5tury4 ,9 worldly affairs he is a man ( 8 "t & ?9ks 9 ! t]ms ( 8 "t4 ,to ! cr$it ( our p be x said t !y h und]/ood h[ to adapt !mselves to ! conditions ( ! "t4 ,x (t5 happ5$ t dur+ ! process ( adaptation1 ,jews lo/ _! way & became sep>at$ f _! p1 b ! bulk ( ! nation has pass$ ?r\gh ! crisis caus$ by ! process ( transition & made itself at home 9 ! new conditions )\t dis9tegration4 ,?\gh fanatics h pr(an$ ! tomb/one ( ,maimonides by writ+ on x3 ,infidel & ,h]etic1 ,judaism ratifi$ ! peace :i* ,maimonides conclud$ 9 its behalf ) ,ari/otelianism4 ,all ! hue & cry aga9/ ,maimonides 0 9 ! end ( no avail1 because at t "t ! de$ ( ,maimonides 0 a /ep =w>d t[>ds progress4 ,at a "t :5 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* f\ght ,cop]nicus & ,galileo no repres5tatives ( ,judaism p>ticipat$ 9 ?is fight1 ?\gh ! ,synagogue _h an old] hi/oric reason to oppose ,cop]nicus ?an _h ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,9 %ort1 ,judaism has nev] resi/$ real progress & has always kn[n h[ to make peace ) ! t5d5cies & curr5ts ( ! "t )\t weak5+ its own position4 ,z x has reconcil$ itself to new conditions 9 ! pa/ s today x is mak+ peace ) ! t5d5cies ( our own "t4 ,sep>ation ( /ate f *ur* & ! ov]?r[ ( !ocracy & secul>ization ( life are /rong curr5ts 9 our contemporane\s hi/ory4 ,9 ! life ( our p1 ^! t5d5cies ( ! "t h tak5 ! =m ( nationalism & ,zionism4 ,nei!r mean ali5ation f ! religion ( our ance/ors1 z _m misl$ rabbis argue1 b only imply t ! ,jewi% religion has a def9ite place 9 ,jewi% life1 b _c & %\ld n rule our lives altoge!r4 ,?is is a g5]al human t5d5cy :i* we %\ld n & ought n oppose2 un=tunately1 !re are lead+ ,jews :o deem x _! duty to resi/ ! =ces ( progress & to display m$ievalism at ! exp5se ( our p & its pre/ige1 & to ! exclusion ( all mod]n & intellectual =ces4 ,?is resi/ance we f9d repres5t$ 9 two s*ools ( ?\ght1 9 ! s*ool ( old-fa%ion$ ,re=m & 9 t ( ! semi-nationali/ic spiritualism4 ,! repres5tatives ( ! "o s*ool argue t we are only a spiritual p & t we are violat+ ! _s ( ,judaism if we /rive to become a secul> p4 ,! o!rs d n g s f>1 b !y also ma9ta9 t ,jewi% nationalism is above all spiritual 9 nature & t1 if ,jewi% nationalism has a duty to p]=m1 ?is duty consi/s 9 e/abli%+ a ,jewi% spiritual c5tre 9 ,pale/9e4 ,bo? s*ools ( ?\ght may be *>act]iz$ z utt]ly reaction>y1 because !y imply t we %\ld /& /ill1 :]e humanity /ood two or ?ree hundr$ ye>s ago2 t we %\ld cont9ue to submit to ! law ( ! book in/ead ( submitt+ to ! law ( life1 & t we %\ld cont9ue to live z a spiritual p & give spiritualism ! fir/ place1 :ile ! basis ( pres5t day civilization is secul> 9 nature4 ,) reg>d to ! philosophy ( ,judaism z repres5t$ by old-fa%ion$ ,re=m1 x suffices to rememb] t e p on e>? _h a p]iod 9 its hi/ory :5 x consid]$ itself a spiritual p4 ,& to ! pres5t day e civiliz$ p firmly & s9c]ely believes t x has a special mission to p]=m4 ,! au?or ( ,oraisons ,funbres =mulat$ su* a spiritual mission = ! ,fr5*1 ,fi*te did x = ! ,g]mans1 & ,katkov = ! ,russians4 ,b nei!r ! ,fr5* nor ! ,g]mans nor ! ,russian p clung to _! mission-!ory4 ,:ile appreciat+ ^! spiritual values1 !y h outgr[n spiritualism z ! all embrac+ guide ( ! nation's life & h settl$ d[n to "w out _! salvation 9 a v prosaic & pr(ane way4 ,ei!r ! ,jewi% p are subject to ! laws ( hi/oric progress1 & !n we h to keep pace ) t hi/orical progress1 or else we miracul\sly =m an exception to ! rule & laws ( hi/ory--we are an isl& 9 ! ocean ( life--& !n we ought to be today :at we 7 two1 ?ree1 five or twelve hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,re=m ,judaism ( today is surely n ! ,judaism ( ! ye> #agjj or #aejj4 ,x is a mod]n ,judaism adapt$ to mod]n life4 ,! same ,jews1 :o are argu+ t we _c give up spiritualism z ! prime factor ( ,jewi% life & t we _c /ick to ! old conception ( ,judaism1 h deem$ x advisable to introduce re=ms into a field ( ,judaism t 0 consid]$ ! v /ronghold ( spiritualism 9 ! ,jewi% religion4 ,t is :]e ! contradiction & confusion come 94 ,s f> z religion is conc]n$1 ^! re=m]s con=m to ! requirem5ts ( ! "t1 b on ! o!r h& !y /ill cl+ to ! spirituali/ic supremacy 9 ,jewi% life1 to ! !ory ( ,israel's mission1 z if !y 7 ,jews ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,ei!r ,judaism _c und]go a *ange & mu/ rema9 :at x always 0--& !n re=m is unju/ifiable--or ,judaism c adapt itself to mod]n life & make peace ) ! t5d5cies ( ! "t--& !n :y /ick to ! fictiti\s supremacy ( ! spiritual side ( ,judaism8 ,no less contradictory & confus+ is ! philosophy ( ! o!r s*ool ( ?\ght t prea*es spiritual nationalism z ! only solution ( ! ,jewi% "q4 ,if spiritualism is no long] ! prime factor 9 life1 & if x is no long] 9 a position to ma9ta9 its hold on ! peoples ( ! e>? z x did 9 ! days gone by :5 m5 ?\ght m !ologico1 h[ c x hold its grip on ! ,jewi% p8 ,& h[ c a purely spiritual c5tre ev5 9 ,pale/9e answ] ! ,jewi% "q8 ,did ,mecca1 ! c5tre ( ,moham$an spiritualism1 prev5t ! conque/ ( ,egypt1 ,morocco1 ,tunis & ,tripoli by ! ,*ri/ian nations8 7,& ,mecca is ! spiritual c5tre n ( a p ( f\rte5 b ( a religi\s community ( two hundr$ millions47 ,despite ,mecca & despite ! pan-,islamic movem5t1 ! holy w> proclaim$ by ! ,caliph two ye>s ago 0 a failure4 ,in/ead ( a unit$ ,islam we h today an indep5d5t ,mecca1 an ,egypt t is loyal to ,engl&1 & an ,alg]ia & a ,morocco t are loyal to ,france4 ,if ,mecca c\ld n conta9 ,islam politically & c\ld n save ! ,islamitic nations f be+ conqu]$1 h[ c\ld a mu* small] ,jewi% spiritual c5tre 9 ,pale/9e save ! ,jewi% p politically & nationally8 ,?is is ! "q :i* we w\ld l to submit to ^! spiritual nationali/s4 ,^! ,neo-,ahad-,ha'ami/s are by no means bett] ?an ! adh]5ts ( old-fa%ion$ ,re=m2 bo? cl+ to ! spirituali/ic supremacy 9 ,jewi% life1 & bo? oppose ! necess>y gradual secul>ization ( ,judaism4 ,bo? w\ld h u /& /ill1 or1 if possible1 draw u back to a m$ievalism t has no room 9 mod]n life1 & bo? are reaction>ies 9 ! full mean+ ( ! t]m4 ,!y are our d>k =ces & ! "t seems v ne> :5 we w h to rise aga9/ bo? & ov]come !m4 ,!re is reason to fe> t 9 ! h\r ( fate !y w put ob/acles 9 ! way ( our r$emption4 ,,! ,,et]nal ,,cycle ,e revolution>y ph5om5on 9 life1 e political cata/rophe1 upsets m5's m9ds & %akes old root$ op9ions to _! v f\ndations4 ,! sudd5 break ) tradition affects bo? ! m9d ( ! individual z well z t ( ! collective body4 ,x br+s ab\t a radical *ange 9 views & s5tim5ts & (t5 9 ! :ole _w-concept4 ,! gloomy pessimi/ may sudd5ly become a joy\s optimi/ & vice v]sa4 ,! e>?quake ( ,lisbon ( #agee n only %ook ! belief 9 ,provid5ce ( ! "y ,goe!1 b turn$ num]\s or?odox circles into agno/ics4 ,! ,fr5* ,revolution broke ! cons]vative _s t 0 prevail+ 9 ,we/]n ,europe & put an end to ! m$iaeval conception ( ! /ate1 j z ! appe>ance ( ,bonap>te br\ght ab\t ! revival ( ! long+ = ,caes>ic spl5dor & ! cult ( ! sup]man4 ,! ,russian ,revolution1 successful till n[1 has naturally greatly affect$ ! m9ds ( our contempor>ies1 & compell$ !m to revise _! attitude on _m hi/orical =ces & to consid] ! c\rse ( rec5t hi/ory 9 an entirely new light4 ,m5 :o nev] believ$ 9 ! political ability ( ! ,slavonic race &1 !re=e1 ?\ght t ,russia 0 doom$ z a political p[]1 are n[ admir+ ! political g5ius ( ! ,russian p & ! tactfulness ( its lead]s4 ,_m ,jewi% contempor>ies1 :o consid]$ ! ,jewi% case hopeless because ( ! t]rible oppressions direct$ aga9/ our bre?r5 9 ,russia by ! repres5tatives ( ! old regime1 are n[ joy\s optimi/s & ?9k t s9ce millions ( ,russian ,jews h be5 fre$ ! ,jewi% "q is completely solv$4 ,to ! m9ds ( ^! m5 ! ,jewi% "q w s9k into =getfulness )9 a %ort "t because ! ,jews w enjoy ev]y:]e fre$om & lib]ty & w live 9 complete happ9ess4 ,?is is ! attitude ( j ^? p :o b ! o!r day 7 conv9c$ ( ! hopelessness ( ! ,jewi% cause & 7 worri$ ov] ! suff]+s t ! future _h 9 /ore = ! ,jews4 ,?is radical outbur/ ( optimism1 und]/&able at ! pres5t juncture1 nev]!less betrays a naive intellect & a lack ( hi/orical intellig5ce4 ,we all hope t ! successful ,russian ,revolution1 next to ! _w w> ! mo/ important ev5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! tw5tie? c5tury1 w op5 a new era = our p1 an era ( happ9ess & peaceful developm5t b1 at ! same "t1 we %\ld nev] lose sight ( ! fact t !re is s f> no?+ new "u ! sun4 ,!re is only a def9ite numb] ( =ces & en]gies prevail+ 9 hi/ory & ea* & e "o ( ^! =ces has 9 turn its t]m ( dom9ation4 ,hi/ory is only a cont9uation ( biological nature plus human intellig5ce4 ,!re is only a c]ta9 def9ite am\nt ( matt] & en]gy 9 ! realm ( nature z well z 9 hi/ory1 & en]gy 9 hi/ory c be de/roy$ z little z en]gy 9 nature4 ,& j z !re is always a sub/itution & con/ant *ange ( =ms 9 ! realm ( nature1 s !re is 9 hi/ory4 ,progress nev] assumes ! %ape ( a /raight l9e b t ( a curve4 ,! mo/ glori\s p]iod 9 human hi/ory may be foll[$ by a p]iod ( decay & mis]y4 ,! gold5 era may be foll[$ by an era ( iron1 to use a p>able ( ,ovid4 ,!re is 9 ! realm ( hi/ory z well z 9 ! realm ( nature an et]nal cycle4 ,! old ,graeco-,roman hi/orian1 ,polybius1 already recogniz$ ! et]nal cycle 9 ! developm5t ( ! /ate :5 he graphically describ$ ?is developm5t f despotism1 mon>*ism & feudalism1 & f republicanism1 democracy & o*locracy back aga9 to despotism4 ,we1 z ,jews1 h too (t5 exp]i5c$ ups & d[ns to believe t a happy era w la/ =ev]4 ,! ,jews 9 ,spa9 n only saw gold5 days ( complete happ9ess & fre$om1 b =m$ = a "t ! vangu>d ( human civilization4 ,yet )9 "o hundr$ ye>s ! ,spani% ,inquisition annihilat$ #bjj1jjj ,jews :ile ! o!r #djj1jjj 7 compell$ to leave ! c\ntry4 ,today1 ,spa9 is aga9 invit+ ! ,jews to settle 9 ! l&1 promis+ !m complete lib]ty & fre$om :]e ,torquamada's rule 0 supreme4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 ! ,jews ( ,pol& liv$ 9 happ9ess4 ,today1 ! ,poles are h>ass+ ! ,jews 9 e possible way & are s*em+ & devis+ plans to break up ,judaism 9 ,pol&4 ,9 ,rome1 :]e ! ,jews only "o hundr$ ye>s ago 7 humiliat$ & depress$1 a ,jewi% mayor d>$ to criticize ! ,pope op5ly & to *all5ge all ! =ces ( m$iaevalism 9 ! ,et]nal ,city4 ,engl&1 t inv5t$ ! ritual murd] accusation1 has today a ,jew z its ,"l ,*ief ,ju/ice4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,jews ( ,nor? ,africa1 :o 7 politically supreme 9 ! ,atlas c\ntries1 are today ! mo/ oppress$ human be+s on ,god's e>?4 ,all ^! ups & d[ns :i* we h exp]i5c$ ev] s9ce we h liv$ disp]s$ w>rant a c]ta9 res]ve 9 our judgm5t on ph5om5a 9 life1 ev5 :5 ^! ph5om5a be ( ! mo/ revolution>y nature4 ,too mu* optimism & too mu* ov]/at+ ( matt]s mu/ subsequ5tly lead to disappo9tm5t1 to despair1 ev5 to ru94 ,our age z a p1 our hi/orical & g5]al intellectual exp]i5ce1 d n w>rant too mu* optimism ev5 at pres5t4 ,! ,jews are a =ce 9 hi/ory4 ,! o!r hi/orical =ces mu/ take an attitude to & judgm5t f ,judaism4 ,?is attitude & judgm5t are likely to *ange4 ,! *ange t is necess>y to take place f "t to "t is n always a product ( malice1 b a product ( c]ta9 factors :i* ! individual1 be he ev5 ! mo/ p[]ful1 is (t5 unable to control4 ,if an oppress$ p is set free1 all ! suppress$ en]gies 9 x beg9 to p\r out sudd5ly2 ?is may lead to ! reaction aga9/ ! ,jews4 ,! p %elt]+ u may (t5 ne$ a scapegoat & x w )\t fail take ! ,jews = t purpose4 ,national z well z int]national crises may (t5 affect ! attitude ( a p to ! ,jews or ! attitude ( ! dom9at+ class to ! ,jews4 ,9 ?is case we w always be ! suff]]s4 ,because ( ! ho/ile enc\nt] betwe5 cl]icalism & lib]alism 9 ,france ! ,jews _h to suff]4 ,! ,dreyfus affair is /ill 9 ! memory ( e contempor>y4 ,:5 ! lib]al =ces 9 ,france f9ally em]g$ victors f ! /ruggle1 ano!r ,jewi% gr\p--! ,hung>ian--felt ! effects ( ?is /ruggle 9 a v unpleasant way4 ,! ,cl]icals n be+ 9 a position to d any m h>m to ! ,fr5* ,jews began to awak5 ! anti-,semitic in/9cts ( ! ,hung>ians1 & set ab\t to create an anti-,semitic movem5t 9 ,hung>y4 ,ev5 ! ,poli% ,jews _h to suff] because ( ! victory ( lib]alism 9 ,france1 = ! ,cl]icals 9 ,pol& took rev5ge on ! ,jews = _! defeat 9 ,france4 ,z to ! future ( ! ,jews 9 ,russia1 x is h>d to pr$ict :e!r or n x w be a happy "o4 ,! m9d ( ! ,russian p is /ill a blank4 ,! ,russian p h be5 kept 9 ignorance2 _! w is n dome/icat$ & _! m9d n tra9$4 ,! ,russians !mselves1 or1 to be correct1 ! ,great ,russians d n "k ! ,jews4 ,!y h nev] liv$ toge!r4 ,on acc\nt ( ! emancipation ! ,jews ( ! ,pale w emigrate to ! int]ior ( ,russia & w settle 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,great ,russians1 & !y w become active 9 v>i\s sph]es & fields4 ,h[ w ! pres5ce & ! activity ( ?is new neighbor react on ! ,russian m9d8 ,w ! pres5ce ( ! ,jews 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,great ,russians result 9 ! developm5t ( fri5d%ip or w ! rev]se be ! case8 ,& if a new crisis %\ld break out 9 ,russia1 & a ,russian ,gov]nm5t %\ld ne$ a scapegoat to save its neck1 w x or w x n pick out ! ,jews to s]ve z ! scapegoat8 ,russia is a l& ( unlimit$ possibilities = good & = bad2 !re are no prophets n[adays to pr$ict future happ5+s1 especially s9ce ! m9d ( ! ,russian p is /ill a "q m>k4 ,?us1 besides ! et]nal cycle & besides ! necess>y ups & d[ns 9 hi/ory1 we h n[ a special reason to be c>eful 9 our judgm5t & to mod]ate our optimism4 ,b ev5 tak+ = grant$ t ! ,jewi% developm5t 9 ,russia w be unhamp]$1 does x already mean t ! ,jewi% "q is solv$8 ,does ! ,jewi% "q consi/ ( bread & butt] & human rights8 ,c ! ideal ( a p z old z ! ,jews be satisfi$ ) j be+ p]mitt$ to live z individuals8 ,c x be ! mean+ & aim ( #djjj ye>s ( ,jewi% hi/ory t ! z5i? ( our developm5t z a p %\ld consi/ 9 be+ p]mitt$ to live among ! p ) m]e civic equality8 ,is t :at we h /ruggl$ = dur+ ! c5turies8 ,great] & m civiliz$ p ?an ! ,russians h n succe$$ 9 solv+ ! ,jewi% "q4 ,:y !n %\ld we expect t f ,russia w come ! salvation1 especially z only "o-qu>t] ( our p is today liv+ 9 ,russia8 ,! ,jewi% "q c become simplifi$ :5 we are lib]at$ by ! "o p or ! o!r1 b x c be solv$ entirely only by ! ,jewi% p itself4 ,! ,russian ,revolution means = ! ,jews fre$om to brea! & to move1 fre$om f prison & captivity1 b ev5 ! free man has 8 own problem to solve4 ,life only beg9s :5 ! prison-doors op54 ,,jews ,,& ,,race ,,consci\sness ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! w> !re 7 _m :o ascrib$ ! _w conflagration to a conflict ( races4 ,at pres5t !re are _m :o w\ld ei!r belittle ! rle ( race z a factor 9 hi/ory or elim9ate x altoge!r4 ,^! p describe ! !ories ( race z race my?ology & consid] !m ! inv5tion ( s*ol>s r ?an facts ( objective reality4 ,among a c]ta9 section ( ! ,jewi% p ?is negation ( race !ories is v popul>4 ,if !re are n races 9 ?is _w1 !n assimilation is ! easie/ & be/ way to solve ! ,jewi% "q4 ,x may or may n be true t race is a biological category1 b x is true beyond a d\bt t ! consci\sness ( race among all peoples always 0 & w be an hi/oric factor ( prime importance4 ,!re=e1 x matt]s little :e!r or n race is a biological fact4 ,hi/ory & its int]pretation are conc]n$ only ) consci\sness ( race4 ,if consci\sness ( race 7 to be recogniz$ only because x exi/s & has always exi/$1 p might say3 ,s o!r sup]/itions h likewise exi/$4 ,! fact1 h[ev]1 is t ! consci\sness ( race has a def9ite psy*ological basis1 al?\gh we "k next to no?+ ab\t its biological f\ndation4 ,we see t ! co-exi/5ce ( l individuals 9 a def9ite place & dur+ a long p]iod ( "t1 :o are held toge!r by a common ance/ry1 by a common de/9y & int]e/1 & ! int]action result+ f su* co-exi/5ce produces new ph5om5a & radiates creative en]gies :i* _c be simply r$uc$ to ! qualities & =ces ( ! individual m9ds4 ,^! en]gies radiat+ f ! co-exi/5ce ( a gr\p ( individuals are new1 orig9al & creative4 ,!y are m ?an actualiz$ pot5tialities1 & are to ! individuals %>+ 9 ! co-exi/5ce z are s\nds :i* ! great arti/ draws f ! viol9 to ! viol9 itself4 ,! en]gies emanat+ f ?is co-exi/5ce (t5 assume %ape & =m :i* diff] f ! en]gies ( ! sep>ate individuals4 ,!y appe> r "o-sid$ & unbalanc$4 ,= in/ance1 ! sep>ate individuals h ab\t an equally l>ge or small am\nt ( religi\s or /hetic desire1 an equally l>ge or small s5se ( ju/ice or morality4 ,if ! en]gies radiat+ f ! co-exi/5ce w\ld comprise & express ! w ( ! individuals only1 ! culture ( ! e?nic gr\p w\ld necess>ily consi/ ( equal portions & exhibit a proportionate am\nt ( logic1 ae/hetics & e?ics4 ,b we see t e great culture gravitates 9 a c]ta9 direction4 ,hell5ism t5ds t[>ds ! arti/ic-philosophical1 ,judaism t[>ds ! religi\s-e?ical1 & ,romanism t[>ds ! political-legal4 ,we ?us see t ! manife/ation ( ! m9d ( ! race be+ "o-sid$ is m ?an ! sum total ( ! expression ( all ! individual memb]s ( ! race1 & z soon z we recognize a c]ta9 psy*ological or psy*ical unity1 ( a c]ta9 gr\p ( p1 we mu/ also recognize t ?is unity is model$ & %ap$ by "t4 ,9 c\rse ( "t ?is psy*ological or psy*ical unit becomes envelop$ 9 traditions & exp]i5ces :i* make x /rong] f day to day4 ,z 9 biology _m ?9k t ! function 9 "t creates an organ1 s ! new en]gies radiat+ f ! co-exi/5ce ( a gr\p ( p become 9 c\rse ( "t some?+ organic 9 ! m9d ( ^? p4 ,?is is ! psy*ological basis ( race consci\sness & s9ce e>lie/ "t ! v>i\s peoples1 all ( :om _h an outspok5 race consci\sness except ^? savages :o _c c\nt1 h recogniz$ or felt t _! consci\sness ( race 0 m ?an belief--t x 0 a psy*ological reality4 ,( all ! anci5t peoples none _h m m>k$ race consci\sness & racial feel+ ?an ! ,jews & ,greeks4 ,x is v *>act]i/ic ( ,greek race consci\sness t ,greek philosoph]s1 :5 discuss+ e?ical or political subjects1 h only ! ,hell5ic p 9 m9d4 ,_! notions ( ju/ice & peace 7 appli$ only to ! ,hell5ic p4 ,! anci5t ,jews 7 n s "o-sid$4 ,yet !y1 too1 _h a well develop$ race consci\sness :i* %[$ n m]ely 9 ! religi\s idea t !y 7 ! *os5 p1 b 9 a v g5]al acceptance ( ! belief t !y 7 a di/9ct unit4 ,ev5 ! call to righte\sness utt]$ by ! prophet is color$ by racial motives3 ,he>k5 to me1 ye t foll[ aft] righte\sness2 ye t seek ! ,"l4 ,look unto ! rock :5ce ye are hewn & to ! hole ( ! pit :5ce ye are digg$4 ,ano!r ( ! prophets1 ,ezekiel1 ev5 speculat$ z to ! orig9 ( ! ,jewi% race4 ,all ! t]ms1 g]1 nakhri1 akum & o!rs us$ by anci5t ,jews to describe non-believ]s *>act]iz$ non-,jews ) ref]5ce to race also4 ,! feel+ ( racial consci\sness among ,jews to ! pres5t day & ! consci\sness ( ! isolation ( t race are be/ express$ 9 ! popul> ,hebrew t]m1 ,umo? ha-,olam1 ! p ( ! _w4 ,! ,umo? ha-,olam are ! non-,jews1 z ! b>b>oi 7 ! non-,greeks4 ,?is ?r[s light on ! m5tal disposition ( ! ,jews4 ,:ile1 9 ! eyes ( ! ,greek1 ! non-,greek is an inf]ior1 be+ a b>b>os1 9 ! eyes ( ! ,jews ! non-,jew is simply diff]5t & n necess>ily inf]ior4 ,ev5 ! t]m goy1 :i* is s mu* abus$ by anti-,semites1 means only non-,jew4 ,b :ile ! ,jew nev] held ! non-,jew 9 contempt m]ely = diff]5ces ( race1 he _h always & /ill has int5se feel+ = 8 own race4 ,9 !ological p]iods ( hi/ory ! fight aga9/ ,judaism 0 p]haps a conflict ( !ologies only4 ,today1 h[ev]1 a fight aga9/ ,judaism is inevitably a fight aga9/ ! ,jewi% race4 ,9 times ( old ! religi\s motives ( ,judaism seem to h be5 ! prime factors 9 ,jewi% life4 ,today ! driv+ p[]s 9 ,jewi% hi/ory are n s mu* religi\s z race & national consci\sness4 ,x is1 !re=e1 *>act]i/ic ( ^? ,jews ^: ,jewi% backbone is brok5 to d5y ! exi/5ce ( ! race & to sc(f at race consci\sness 9 g5]al4 ,race consci\sness is n a my? inv5t$ by ! pr(essors1 b a fact ( life4 ,,ahad ,,ha',,am ,! sixtie? anniv]s>y ( ,ahad ,ha'am1 ! =emo/ ,hebrew ?9k] ( 8 "t1 is a notable ev5t 9 ,hebrew lit]ature1 & w no d\bt be celebrat$ by ,hebrai/s all ov] ! _w 9 a mann] wor?y ( ! man & ( ! ?9k]4 ,next to ,bialik1 ! great ,hebrew poet1 ,ahad ,ha'am is today ! mo/ popul> ,jew among ! ,jewries ( ! ,ea/ & ! be/ kn[n repres5tative ( ,hebrew ?\ght among ,jewi% intellectuals 9 ! ,we/4 ,8 "n is id5tifi$ ) ! =mulation ( ! program ( ,hebrew nationalism & ! creation ( a ,hebrew cultural c5tre 9 ,pale/9e4 ,unlike o!r ?9k]s :o consid] _! convictions _! own private affair1 ,ahad ,ha'am _h ! c\rage ( 8 convictions & def5d$ !m aga9/ great odds4 ,he _h ! c\rage to take 8 /& aga9/ ! giant1 ,h]zl1 & ! p[]ful dialectician & publici/1 ,max ,nordau4 ,he knew t ! fight aga9/ ,h]zl1 :5 ! great lead] ( ,zionism 0 at 8 height1 w\ld n w9 him fri5ds1 b he _h ! d>+ to take up ! fight4 ,= ,ahad ,ha'am ! "q ( political ,zionism & t ( cultural ,zionism z repres5t$ by himself1 7 matt]s ( pr9ciple & _h to be f\ght out soon] or lat]4 ,:ile ,ahad ,ha'am f\ght aga9/ ,h]zl & ,nordau & aga9/ ! o!r p[]ful repres5tatives ( political ,zionism1 he _h no p]sonalities 9 m9d & f\ght = pr9ciples only4 ,! :ole position ( ?+s 0 su* t ,ahad ,ha'am c\ld at t "t h _h no hope to w9 ! /ruggle because political ,zionism 0 at its height & because ,!odor ,h]zl 0 ! %9+ /> 9 ! firmam5t ( ,jewi% political life4 ,b disreg>d+ ! disadvantage\s position 9 :i* he f\nd himself1 he f\ght c\rage\sly until he believ$ ! dang] 0 pass$4 ,we m5tion ?is fight aga9/ ,h]zl & ,nordau because x be/ *>act]izes ! man1 ,ahad ,ha'am4 ,?\gh 8 philosophy ( life is a philosophy ( ab/ract ideas1 he is at ! same "t a man full ( life & temp]am5t1 a h>d public work] & a political ,jew 9 ! be/ s5se ( ! t]m4 ,a great deal ( 8 popul>ity mu/ be ascrib$ n only to 8 philosophy & 8 sy/em ( ,jewi% politics1 b also to 8 manl9ess & wond]ful qualities ( "*4 ,z a ,hebrew ?9k]1 ,ahad ,ha'am repres5ts ! la/ po9t 9 ! l9e ( ,jewi% ?\ght :i* c be *>act]iz$ z ,hebrew intellectualism z di/+ui%$ f ,hebrew irrationalism & my/icism1 :i* f\nd its expression 9 ! tea*+s ( ! ,hassidic sect4 ,s9ce ! rise ( ! !oretical ,kabbalah 9 ,spa9 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 :i* mu/ be consid]$ a reaction aga9/ ! sy/em ( intellectualism z laid d[n by ,maimonides1 we c obs]ve 9 ,jewi% hi/ory two spiritual t5d5cies /riv+ = dom9ance3 ,irrationalism 9 all its =ms & ,intellectualism 9 all its ab]rations4 ,ahad ,ha'am repres5ts ! l9e ( developm5t1 ( ,maimonides1 ! ,gaon ( ,wilna1 ,kro*mal4 ,! p>allel l9e to ! !oretical ,kabbalah is ! practical ,kabbalah :i* began 9 ,pale/9e 9 ! sixte5? c5tury & ,hassidism :i* orig9at$ 9 ,pol& 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,! intellectuali/s ma9ta9 t ! prime ess5tial ( ! s\l is intellect & t ,judaism is bas$ n on metaphysical w b on intellectual cognition4 ,= our m$iaeval intellectuali/s & ^? ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 ?is premise result$ 9 ! conception ( a ,judaism :i* lays m /ress on k 7,torah7 ?an on ! practice ( ! religi\s c]emonies 7,avodah74 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 und]/ood t ! old] repres5tatives ( ,jewi% ,intellectualism 7 z ,god-fe>+ & obs]v+ z _! my/ical oppon5ts4 ,b bas+ ,judaism on k & cognition1 !y ma9ta9$ t ! fir/ ?+ a ,jew %\ld d is to /udy & accept ! advice ( old3 ,?\ %alt recognize ! ,god ( ?y fa!rs4 ,9 opposition to ^! tea*+s is ! conception ( ,judaism z repres5t$ by ,kabbali/s & ,hassidim4 ,^! lay m /ress on ! practice ( ,judaism1 claim+ t ,judaism is prim>ily a matt] ( w & n ( k4 ,x is n a co9cid5ce t :ile among ,jewi% intellectuali/s 9 ! ,ea/ 7,mi?nagdim7 ! k ( ! ,talmud & ( ,rabb9ic ,judaism is widely spread because !y consid] ?is ! fir/ duty ( ! ,jew1 !re prevails among ! ,hassidim ignorance ( ! ,talmud & ( ,rabb9ic ,judaism4 ,ahad ,ha'am is today ! repres5tative ( ,intellectual ,judaism z conceiv$ by 8 "t1 z ! ,gaon ( ,wilna 0 9 8 day ! repres5tative ( intellectual ,judaism4 ,x is v *>act]i/ic ( ?is ,jewi% s*ool ( ?\ght t a man l ! ,gaon ( ,wilna has writt5 a sy/em ( geometry & 0 int]e/$ 9 ma!matics & logic4 ,) 8 logical m9d he creat$ a new me?od ( /udy+ ! ,talmud :i* is m>k$ by simplicity & cle>ness4 ,ahad ,ha'am a*iev$ 9 ! doma9 ( ,hebrew ?\ght & lit]ature :at ! ,gaon ( ,wilna _h a*iev$ 9 ,talmudic me?odology4 ,z ! ,gaon ( ,wilna did away ) ,pilpul sophi/ry1 s ,ahad ,ha'am did away ) ! confus+ & unproductive ,hakira1 unsy/ematic discussion ( ab/ract ?\ght1 & introduc$ economy ( ?\ght & ( expression--a cle> t]m9ology & a sy/ematic =mulation ( pr9ciples & ideas4 ,t is :at has giv5 him ! lead+ position 9 mod]n ,hebrew lit]ature4 ,ahad ,ha'am's greatness does n consi/ ( ^! =mal innovations only4 ,he has enri*$ ,hebrew lit]ature ) a philosophic ideology ( 8 own :i* has greatly influ5c$ mod]n ,hebrew ?\ght4 ,ahad ,ha'amism1 z ?is sy/em is call$1 0 n less productive at ! beg9n+ ( ! tw5tie? c5tury ?an ! ,ye%ibah ( ,volozh91 ! "w ( ! ,wilna ,gaon1 at ! />t ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,z a matt] ( fact ,ahad ,ha'amism is ! mod]n developm5t ( ! ideas :i* came f ,volozh94 ,)\t ,volozh9 !re w\ld be no mod]n ,hebrew lit]ature1 no mod]n ,hebrew ?\ght & no ,ahad ,ha'am4 ,:ile ! ,jewi% tea*+s ( ,ahad ,ha'am c easily be expla9$ z ! cont9uation ( a c]ta9 hi/orical t5d5cy 9 ,judaism1 ! philosophy ( ,ahad ,ha'am consi/s ( _m diff]5t sy/ems & _c be s readily survey$4 ,8 own disciples claim t he is foll[+ 9 ! foot/eps ( ,kro*mal & t he is ?us a disciple ( ,hegel4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is only p>tly true4 ,"o f9ds1 moreov]1 9 ! philosophy ( ,ahad ,ha'am elem5ts ( ,kant1 ,sp5c]1 ( mod]n ,fr5* sociology & ev5 ( ,nietzs*e4 ,! unify+ & productive m9d ( ,ahad ,ha'am has absorb$ ^! v>i\s philosophic elem5ts & turn$ !m into an organic unit4 ,= ?is reason ,ahad ,ha'am _c be call$ an eclectic4 ,ev5 ,kant _h 8 pr$ecessors1 0 influ5c$ by v>i\s philosoph]s & took up _! sugge/ions4 ,ahad ,ha'am is "o ( ! few mod]n ,hebrew lead]s :o is z mu* ,european z ,jew1 & :o is n on less intimate t]ms ) ,european ?\ght ?an ) ,jewi%4 ,ow+ to ^! facts he succe$$ 9 ,europeaniz+ ,hebrew lit]ature & 9 rais+ x to ! high level x n[ holds4 ,9 ! la/ few ye>s ,ahad ,ha'am has made peace ) ,zionism because he ?9ks t ,zionism has accept$ 8 views on ,pale/9e4 ,8 appe>ance at ! #aa? ,zioni/ ,congress at ,vi5na 0 ?\ght by fri5d & oppon5t alike to mean t he _h made peace ) ! ,zioni/ organization4 ,he has 9 any case support$ ! ,zioni/ organization 9 its ef=ts 9 ,pale/9e & has approv$ ! plan to e/abli% a sy/em ( ,hebrew educational in/itutions 9 ! ,holy ,l&4 ,b :e!r ,ahad ,ha'am became m political or :e!r ! ,zioni/ organization has come ne>] to ,ahad ,ha'amism rema9s a "q4 ,! _m pupils ( ,ahad ,ha'am1 h[ev]1 & ! ,zioni/s 9 all l&s1 are happy t ! unconte/$ lead] ( mod]n ,hebrew ?\ght & lit]ature is to be f\nd today ) ! rank & file ( ,zionism4 ,,! ,,transvaluation ,,( ,,values ,ev5 a language is subject to ! =ce ( fate4 ,its value 9 life & its mean+ = ! life ( a p *ange con/antly ) ! great *anges ( life4 ,only "o hundr$ & tw5ty ye>s ago !re 7 ^? :o believ$ 9 ! possibility ( ! realization ( ! m$ieval idea t a day w\ld come :5 all ! peoples ( ! e>? w\ld speak "o language & all l+ui/ic b>ri]s w\ld soon disappe>4 ,today language /&s next to ! /ate z ! mo/ important factor 9 ! life ( a nation2 9 _m cases x is z /rong a factor z ! economical & political =ces4 ,?is is especially true ( ! s-call$ nationality /ates :]e ! v>i\s peoples c %[ _! l9e ( national dem>cation *iefly by ! language !y use4 ,today language is n only "o ( ! /ronge/ factors 9 ! national life ( a p1 b is also ( great weight 9 univ]sal politics4 ,! future hi/orians1 9 describ+ ! ups & d[ns ( ! pres5t w>1 w n fail to obs]ve t "o ( ! causes t ?reat5$1 = a "t1 ! exi/5ce ( ! ,hapsburg ,empire 0 ! app>5tly unimportant fact t ! p 9 ,g]many & ,bohemia c\ld n come to t]ms ab\t ! l+ui/ic b>ri]4 ,! language qu>rels 9 ,bohemia 7 ! cause ( s _m political upheavals t !y %ook ! v f\ndations ( ,au/ria2 !y h influ5c$1 to a l>ge ext5t1 ! int]national crisis dur+ ! la/ ?ree ye>s4 ,s9ce language has develop$ into su* a trem5d\s =ce1 all ! m$itations & calculations ( ! philosoph]s ( ! eighte5? c5tury ab\t ! possibility ( "o language = ! entire human race h prov5 to be empty visions--soap bubbles ( philosophic & humanit>ian dream]s4 ,if ! liv+ prov9cial languages ( small peoples1 ! ,bohemians1 ,li?uanians1 ,arm5ians1 & s =?1 h become important political factors 9 ! lives ( ! nations1 &1 9 consequ5ce !re(1 an important mom5tum 9 int]national life1 ! s-call$ dead languages1 su* z ,hebrew1 ,gaelic1 ,wel% & _m o!rs1 h become driv+ =ces 9 ! lives ( _! peoples & may ev5 decide _! fate & future4 ,! developm5t ( ^! dead languages dur+ ! n9ete5? c5tury is z int]e/+ & fasc9at+ z ! gr[? 9 political importance ( su* liv+1 prov9cial languages z ,bohemian1 ,li?uanian1 & s =?4 ,mo/ rem>kable ( all is ! developm5t ( ! importance ( ,hebrew dur+ ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,"o hundr$ ye>s ago1 ,hebrew 0 a purely philological & !ological proposition4 ,! k ( ,hebrew _h q a diff]5t value f :at x has today4 ,to ! ,ea/]n ,jew1 ,hebrew _h ! mean+ ( a holy tongue only2 to ! ,we/]n ,jew1 ,hebrew 0 a sort ( a cultural luxury :i* 0 v mu* appreciat$ z su*1 b _h no national value4 ,! love = ,hebrew 9 ! ,we/1 :i*1 by ! way1 0 /rong] ?an we today imag9e1 smell$ fa9tly ( a museum4 ,^! conditions prevail$ 9 ! ,we/ = sev]al c5turies4 ,9 ! ,ea/1 h[ev]1 conditions *ang$ ) kaleidoscopic rapidity4 ,) ! spread ( ! ,haskalah ea/w>d1 ,hebrew a*iev$ ano!r value altoge!r2 x _h a diff]5t function to p]=m4 ,! adh]5ts ( ! ,haskalah us$ ,hebrew n z a holy tongue1 z did ! or?odox1 nor z a !ological proposition1 z did _m ( ! ,we/]n ,jews1 b z a m$ium to spread culture among ! ,jews & to introduce ,european ideas 9 ! ghetto4 ,! ,hebrew writ] ( ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury consid]$ himself a sort ( cultural mission>y4 ,! be/ means to enlight5 ! p & to c\nt]act sup]/ition 01 at t "t1 ,hebrew lit]ature4 ,by ! end ( ! ,sev5ties & ! beg9n+ ( ! ,eighties1 ,hebrew exp]i5c$ ano!r transvaluation1 *iefly because ( ! failure ( ! ,haskalah & ! awak5+ ( ! national _s among ! ,jews4 ,! writ]s ( t "t consid]$ ,hebrew no long] a means to an end--t is to say1 an ag5cy to spread culture among ! ,jews--b an object 9 itself4 ,p began to realize t ,hebrew is n only a l+ui/ic !ological proposition1 z 0 ?\ght at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 b t x is ! wo( & w>p ( national culture4 ,! ,hebrew writ]s ( ! la/ ?ird ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 consequ5tly1 began to speak ( ! ,hebrew tongue z a c]ta9 culture & ,hebrew ideas z ! ideas ( ! ,jewi% p4 ,9 %ort1 ,hebrew became ! national cultural =ce 9 contradi/9ction to ! humanit>ian cultural =ce t x 0 ?\ght to be 9 ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,! ,hebrew writ]s ( ! ,eighties & ,n9eties no long] consid]$ !mselves cultural mission>ies ( ! ,jews1 z did ! writ]s ( ! prec$+ g5]ation1 b r z ! repres5tatives ( ,hebrew ?\ght & ,hebrew culture4 ,! mo/ conspicu\s repres5tative ( ?is s*ool ( ?\ght is ,ahad ,ha'am1 ! fa!r & sy/ematiz] ( ,hebrew cultural nationalism4 ,ahad ,ha'am himself witness$ ! transition f cultural ,hebrew to political ,hebrew4 ,al?\gh ab\t tw5ty ye>s ago he 0 ! embodim5t ( ,hebrew ?\ght1 8 s*ool _h to make room = ano!r conception ( ,hebrew1 a conception to :i*1 we ?9k1 ! future belongs4 ,x is ! national political conception ( ,hebrew 9 opposition to its purely cultural conception4 ,to ! mod]n ,hebrai/1 ,hebrew is nei!r a holy tongue nor a m$ium to spread culture among ! ,jews1 nor yet a national cultural idea1 z x is to ! disciples ( ,ahad ,ha'am1 b a national political =ce2 accord+ly1 he /rives to secul>ize ,hebrew & to introduce into x all ! elem5ts ( secul> civilization & to make x ! expression ( ! movem5t ( life ( 8 p4 ,! mod]n ,hebrew writ] w\ld ?9k 9 ,hebrew n only on subjects ,jewi%1 w\ld n only philosophize 9 ,hebrew on ,jewi% cultural & !ological problems1 b w\ld write 9 ,hebrew on all secul> subjects & try to f9d ! ,hebrew expression = all ! movem5ts ( life1 especially ! life ( our p4 ,?is /riv+ to secul>ize ,hebrew has enri*$ our national tongue enorm\sly4 ,we n[ "k m ,hebrew ?an did our =efa!rs "o hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,because ( our /riv+ to secul>ize ,hebrew we 7 compell$ to g to all ! ,hebrew s\rces ( antiquity & to f9d ,hebrew t]ms = ?+s :i*1 = ! la/ two ?\s& ye>s1 h n be5 describ$ 9 ,hebrew1 because ! writ+ ( ,hebrew 0 conc5trat$ on !ological & philosophical subjects4 ,a few ye>s ago a ,russian ,jew wrote an agricultural text book 9 ,hebrew1 :i* creat$ a s5sation among ,hebrew circles because ! au?or re-creat$ ,hebrew agricultural t]m9ology4 ,s9ce ! anci5t ,jews 7 agriculturi/s1 !y _h ( c\rse an agricultural t]m9ology ( _! own :i* _h1 h[ev]1 be5 =gott5 dur+ our ,diaspora life4 ,! au?or ( ! above m5tion$ book re-e/abli%$ t ,hebrew agricultural t]m9ology4 ,o!r ,hebrew writ]s h produc$ simil> results 9 o!r lit]>y & sci5tific endeavors4 ,a small booklet by ! late ,dr4 ,s*]es*evsky1 = in/ance1 surpris$ ! ,hebrew public by ! abundance ( ,hebrew sci5tific t]ms & by 8 re-e/abli%m5t ( a ,hebrew sci5tific t]m9ology4 ,! mod]n ,hebrew writ] is consci\s ( ! fact t ,hebrew is b\nd "s day to become a concrete political =ce & t1 to ga9 t end1 x mu/ admit all ! elem5ts ( life & e/abli% ! life ( our p z ! only ag5cy ( our g5]al & ,jewi% education4 ,?is necessitates ! secul>ization &1 "o might say1 ! humanization ( ,hebrew4 ,! real mod]n ,hebrew writ]s are1 !re=e1 n ^? :o c write a treatise 9 ,hebrew on m$ieval ,jewi% philosophy b ^? :o c write a ,hebrew essay or ,hebrew book on sci5tific or sociological topics4 ,! t5d5cy to secul>ize ,hebrew is spread+ all ov] ! _w2 x is to be hop$ t ! day is ne> :5 a consid]able section ( our p w use ,hebrew ) ! same ease z any o!r p uses its national tongue4 ,! secul>ization ( ,hebrew is a cle> sign ( our approa*+ national lib]ation4 ,a ,,turn+ ,,po9t ,,9 ,,jewi% ,,hi/ory ,9 anci5t times1 nationality & /ate 7 id5tical4 ,! de/ruction ( ! /ate always involv$ ! de/ruction ( ! nationality4 ,?is 01 9 fact1 ! case ) _m peoples ^: /ates 7 de/roy$ by conqu]ors4 ,only ! ,jews are an exception to ! rule4 ,! ,jewi% /ate 0 de/roy$1 ! ,jewi% nationality 0 n4 ,ev5 ! disp]sion ( ! ,jews all ov] ! globe c\ld n de/roy & did n de/roy ! ,jewi% nationality4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! diaspora life ( ! ,jews1 ) all its evils & tr\bles1 woes & tribulations1 sorr[s & pa9s1 only s]v$ to int5sify ! national consci\sness ( ! ,jews & to /r5g!n _! hopes ( national r$emption4 ,b ! *ancellors ( ! gov]nm5ts1 always 9 ! habit ( deal+ ) concrete facts1 did n take ! s5tim5ts ( ,jewi% individuals into consid]ation4 ,see+ t ! ,jews h no homel&1 no national sov]eignty & n ev5 an intellectual & spiritual c5tre1 !y pron\nc$ ! ,jewi% nationality dead =ev]4 ,f ! po9t ( view ( ?is n[ antiquat$ conception ( nationality1 ! ,european gov]nm5ts c\ld n be blam$ = _! attitude t[>d ! ,jews z a p1 = ! or?odox notion ( nationality always implies an e?nic unit t enjoys national sov]eignty1 or1 at lea/1 is liv+ on its own l&1 ev5 ?\gh x may be dom9at$ by o!rs4 ,! gov]nm5ts1 9 _! attitude t[>d ! ,jews z a p1 foll[$ a c]ta9 pr9ciple t _h to be ma9ta9$ z long z no sub/itute c\ld be f\nd = x4 ,today x seems t ! old pr9ciple ( nationality has be5 replac$ by ano!r & t ! pres5t notion ( nationality does n necess>ily imply t an e?nic gr\p mu/ ei!r enjoy national sov]eignty or live on its own soil4 ,! ,jews1 :o h n[ be5 recogniz$ z a nationality n only by ,great ,brita9 b1 z we h be5 in=m$1 by sev]al o!r great p[]s1 are /ill liv+ 9 disp]sion & h none ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! concrete makeup ( o!r nationalities4 ,?is *ange 0 br\ght ab\t bo? by ! ,jews !mselves1 :o = ! pa/ ?irty or =ty ye>s h begun to ass]t _! nationality & to claim ! "r to :i* e nationality is entitl$1 namely1 a national homel&1 & by ! peculi> discrepancy betwe5 pr9ciple & life4 ,! ,european gov]nm5ts1 foll[+ a c]ta9 pr9ciple1 refus$ to consid] ! ,jews a nationality1 b 9 practical life ! ,jews 7 always consid]$ a nationality ( _! own4 ,:ile ! mod]n /ate emancipat$ ! ,jew on ! condition t he emancipate himself f ,judaism1 mod]n society1 on ! o!r h&1 refus$ to admit him j because he 0 a ,jew1 & ?us c\nt]act$ & oppos$ ! emancipation policy ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,mod]n society is int5sely nationali/ic & w only recognize ^? z its true memb]s :o belong to x1 n only socially & economically1 b also nationally & racially4 ,s9ce ! ,jews are n ,slavs or ,teutons or ,anglo-,saxons b ,jews1 !y simply 7 n admitt$ z full-fl$g$ memb]s 9 ! society ( ^! races & nations1 & :5ev] !y made an attempt to p5etrate into society by =ce & en masse1 !y 7 only too quickly eject$ by a wave ( anti-,semitism4 ,s t :ile ! /ates emancipat$ ! ,jews1 on ! condition t !y become full-fl$g$ ,fr5*m51 ,g]mans1 ,italians1 ,au/rians1 etc41 because x consid]$ ! ,jewi% nationality dead & done =1 ! nations !mselves1 be+ ne>] to life & its movem5ts ?an ! bureaucrats ( ! gov]nm5t *ancell]ies1 felt t ! ,jews d =m a national society ( _! own & are by no means nationally dead4 ,! (ficial recognition ( ! ,jews z a nationality on ! "p ( a mod]n /ate w1 we are conv9c$1 put an end to ?is diff]5ce 9 attitude & policy t[>ds ! ,jews on ! "p ( ! gov]nm5t & ( ! nation4 ,besides ! national self-ass]tion ( ! ,jews dur+ ! pa/ ?irty ye>s1 we f9d t _! rle z intellectual & spiritual factors 9 hi/ory l$ to ! pres5t *ange ( m9d ( ! ,european gov]nm5ts 9 reg>d to ,jewi% nationality4 ,x is by no means pure accid5t t two mighty ,anglo-,saxon nations & gov]nm5ts1 ,great ,brita9 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 %\ld be ! fir/ among ! great p[]s to recognize ! "r ( ! ,jews to a national homel& ( _! own & ?us to recognize publicly ! nationality ( ! ,jews4 ,if ! anci5t ,jewi% m9d1 z x express$ itself 9 ! ,bible1 ev] influ5c$ a great race & help$ to %ape its de/9ies & policies1 x 0 ! ,anglo-,saxon race t x influ5c$4 ,= ! pa/ f\r hundr$ ye>s ! greate/ production ( ,jewi% g5ius1 ! ,bible1 has be5 a p[]ful factor 9 ! life ( ! ,anglo-,saxon race1 & z soon z ! ,anglo-,saxons fre$ !mselves f m$ievalism1 !y began to treat ! ,jews liv+ among !m ) consid]ation & fairness1 ev5 be=e !y 7 (ficially emancipat$4 ,besides1 ! ,am]ican ,gov]nm5t is ! only gov]nm5t ( ! ,great ,p[]s t nev] pursu$ any ho/ile policy aga9/ ! ,jews1 because its v e/abli%m5t 0 bas$ on emancipation f m$ievalism4 ,( all ! p[]s :i* h n[ come to recognize ! ,jewi% nationality & its "r to a homel&1 ,am]ica is1 we d>e say1 ! only "o t is inspir$ solely by motives ( pure idealism4 ,= ,am]ica surely has no political int]e/s or ambitions 9 ! ,ne> ,ea/ & is l$ only by ! unselfi% wi% t ! ,jews1 aft] a life ( exile ( two ?\s& ye>s1 %\ld return to a normal national life & ent] ! great family ( nations on equal t]ms4 ,9 say+ ?is1 we by no means wi% to imply t ! o!r great p[]s :o h recogniz$ ! ,jewi% nationality h done s f political motives only1 & t politics only 7 in/rum5tal 9 br++ ab\t _! decision to help ! ,jews e/abli% a homel& 9 ,pale/9e4 ,we are1 moreov]1 conv9c$ t ,engl& & ,italy1 ,russia1 & probably ,france1 :i*1 z we h be5 in=m$1 are n[ tak+ a v favorable attitude t[>d ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,jewi% homel& 9 ,pale/9e1 h done s because !y recogniz$ t ! ,jews are a p 9 !mselves & t !y are entitl$ to be giv5 ! possibility ( liv+ a normal national life4 ,^! p[]s1 inspir$ by noble motives1 n[ say to ! ,jews1 ,g & build up a national life ( y\r own & we %all help y4 ,g & be ,jews z mu* z y l & we %all n int]f]e ) y\r ,jewi% affairs & y\r national happ9ess4 ,we are1 h[ev]1 afraid t _m ,jews !mselves misund]/& or miscon/rue ! mean+ ( ! decision ( ^! p[]s4 ,if ! ,jews g to ,pale/9e1 !y mu/ live !re ) ! object ( build+ up 9 ! c\ntry ( _! =efa!rs a new ,jewi% life & e/abli%+ a ,jewi% homel& !re2 !y mu/ d x z ,jews only1 n z ,russians or ,g]mans1 n ,britons1 ,au/rians or ,italians1 b z ,jews4 ,!y mu/ consid] !mselves an object 9 !mselves4 ,!y mu/1 fir/ ( all1 look aft] _! own affairs & _! own happ9ess4 ,:ile always hav+ ! welf>e ( humanity 9 m9d1 !y mu/ n consid] !mselves ! protg ( a c]ta9 /ate or race or nation1 & !y mu/ n be "u ! impression t1 :5 giv5 ! possibility ( liv+ a national life ( _! own1 !y are call$ ^u to def5d int]e/s o!r ?an _! own4 ,no ,briti% or ,am]ican /atesman believes t ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,jewi% homel& 9 ,pale/9e is possible )\t ! cons5t ( all ! great p[]s1 irrespective ( _! pres5t mutual relations1 & z soon z "o p[] or gr\p ( p[]s f9ds out t ! ,jewi% ,pale/9e is n prim>ily look$ ^u z ! homel& ( ! ,jewi% nation1 b ! political /ronghold ( ano!r p[] or gr\p ( p[]s1 !re w be no unanimity 9 reg>d to ! ,jewi% ,pale/9e :5 peace is discuss$2 & )\t unanimity ( ! p[]s !re w be no ,jewi% ,pale/9e1 because no bellig]5t p[] w cont9ue ! w> "o day long]1 only because x is anxi\s to e/abli% a ,jewi% /ate 9 ,pale/9e4 ,b z a matt] ( fact ! p[]s :i*1 l$ by noble motives1 h express$ _! will+ness to favor ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,jewi% homel& 9 ,pale/9e1 h only utt]$ a noble desire4 ,!re c be no talk ( anxiety on _! "p1 b only ( cons5t to p]mit u to rebuild our nation4 ,^! p[]s1 because !y are n l$ by motives ( w> politics only1 b by political =esight & idealism1 d n want u to s]ve o!r purposes ?an our own1 because !y "k t unless we look only aft] our own affairs we w n succe$4 ,= ! "t be+1 ! ,jewi% p are divid$ into v>i\s gr\ps1 ea* gr\p s]v+ ! c\ntry 9 :i* x lives to ! be/ ( its ability4 ,today !re is n1 & _c be1 a supreme ,jewi% lead]%ip1 a ,jewi% national assembly or a g5]al ,jewi% congress4 ,ea* & e ,jewi% gr\p is entitl$ to "w = ! future ( ! ,jewi% p "u giv5 conditions only4 ,! ,engli% ,jews c ask _! gov]nm5t to d some?+ = ! ,jewi% cause & s c ! ,fr5*1 ,italian1 ,russian1 ,g]man1 ,au/rian & ,am]ican ,jews2 e "o ( ! respective gov]nm5ts c ext5d its sympa?y & help1 c promise its help 9 e/abli%+ ! ,jewi% homel& 9 ,pale/9e only to ! ,jews ( _! respective l&s1 b n to ! ,jewi% p at l>ge1 = ! ,jewi% p are today divid$ into ho/ile camps1 j z is civiliz$ humanity4 ,our assimilationi/s 9 e c\ntry1 "h z well z 9 ,g]many1 9 ,engl& z well z 9 ,france & ,au/ria1 h be5 tell+ _! respective gov]nm5ts t ^? ,jews :o aspire to e/abli% a ,jewi% homel& 9 ,pale/9e are disloyal citiz5s & are conspir+ aga9/ _! own c\ntry4 ,9 ,engl& & 9 ,am]ica1 :]e ! gov]nm5ts foll[ a broad-m9d$ & lib]al policy1 no att5tion is paid to su* hypocritical talk4 ,b 9 ,au/ria1 ,g]many & ,turkey1 conditions are diff]5t4 ,!re ! influ5tial assimilationi/s are /ill p]sonae gratae ) _! gov]nm5ts1 & s9ce !y are capable ( e crime1 if !y c only see _! way cle> to break ,jewi% nationalism1 !y w no d\bt lose no "t 9 po9t+ out to _! gov]nm5ts t ,jewi% nationali/s1 ?\gh !y display$ h]oism on ! battle-field1 are n loyal to _! c\ntries & are cross+ ! plans ( ! ,c5tral ,p[]s 9 ! ,ne> ,ea/4 ,!y w tell ! gov]nm5ts t ! ,jewi% nationali/s are conspir+ ) ! enemies ( _! gov]nm5ts aga9/ ! int]e/s ( ! ,c5tral ,p[]s 9 ! ,ori5t2 ! result may be t ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,c5tral ,p[]s1 li/5+ to ?is mislead+ talk1 may emb>k on a ,jewi% policy oppos+ t ( ! ,ent5te & may />t to p]secute ,zioni/s & all :o sympa?ize ) ,jewi% nationalism1 ?us mak+ ! life ( ea/]n ,european ,jewry1 n[ greatly "u ! control ( ! ,teutonic ,p[]s1 /ill m bitt]4 ,!re9 lies ! dang] ( our miscon/ru+ ! high-m9d$ decl>ation ( ! ,briti% ,cab9et4 ,! /atesm5 ( ! ,ent5te ,p[]s c]ta9ly d n wi% to imp]il ! exi/5ce ( ,european ,jewry1 nor d !y wi% to h _! policy miscon/ru$ by ! ,c5tral ,p[]s4 ,^! /atesm5 want ! lib]ation ( small nationalities & n _! oppression4 ,^! /atesm5 also "k t if ! ,jews 9 ! new ,pale/9e w n be1 fir/ ( all1 pro-,jewi%1 !re w n be ! ,jewi% ,pale/9e :i* !y wi% to see e/abli%$4 ,by miscon/ru+ ! decl>ation ( ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t1 we are implicitly act+ aga9/ ! _s & noble motives ( ?is decl>ation &1 ne$less to say1 we are act+ aga9/ our own elem5tal int]e/s4 ,a ,jewi% ,pale/9e is only possible ) ! cons5t ( all ! p[]s1 & s9ce x is desirable t x %\ld be a product ( ! cons5sus ( op9ion among all ! p[]s1 e act on our "p mu/ be avoid$ t may create ! impression t 9 ! anxiety to build up a national homel& 9 ,pale/9e ! ,jewi% p are becom+ political tools ( any p[] or gr\p ( p[]s4 ,?is w1 9 ! end1 spell ru9 = u & might1 besides1 endang] ! life ( millions ( our p 9 c5tral & 9 ea/]n ,europe4 ,we h be5 told on good ,zioni/ au?ority 9 ?is c\ntry1 t ! ,am]ican ,gov]nm5t1 appreciat+ ! pres5t complicat$ int]national situation1 is anxi\s to rema9 9 ! backgr\nd ) reg>d to ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,jewi% homel& 9 ,pale/9e1 ?\gh x is a noble & unselfi% *ampion ( ! cause4 ,we wi% t ! ,jews ev]y:]e w\ld take an example f ! wisdom & =be>ance display$ by ! ,am]ican ,gov]nm5t4 ,,! ,,p ,,( ,,! ,,book ,no "o has *>act]iz$ ! ,jews bett] ?an did ,mohamm$ :5 he call$ ! ,jews ,! ,p ( ! ,book4 ,9 fact1 ne>ly all t ! ,jews h a*iev$ dur+ _! exi/5ce z a p !y h a*iev$ 9 ! doma9 ( lit]ature4 ,ev5 at ! "t :5 ! ,jews liv$ 9 ,pale/9e & 7 at ! height ( _! p[]1 _! a*ievem5ts 9 ! field ( practical civilization 7 relatively poor4 ,:5 ! ,jews disappe>$ z a sov]eign nation f among ! nations ( ! e>? !y did n leave beh9d !m a highly develop$ civilization z did anci5t ,rome1 nor did !y leave beh9d !m a highly develop$ sci5ce & art1 z did ! ,greeks1 b !y did leave a book t subsequ5tly became ! book ( humanity4 ,! economic /ructure ( anci5t ,judea 0 primitive1 & only ! tribes liv+ on ! bord]l& & communicat+ ) ! peoples across ! bord] succe$$ 9 develop+ trade & comm]ce4 ,! int]ior ( ,judea 0 an agricultural c\ntry & its inhabitants pi\s & simple-m9d$ p )\t ambition to create values ( civilization & )\t pret5ce4 ,j z ! economic /ructure ( anci5t ,judea 0 primitive & simple1 s 0 ! political fabric4 ,! anci5t ,jewi% /ate nev] succe$$ 9 entirely subdu+ ! individual & mak+ him respect ! supreme au?ority ( ! ,/ate4 ,! prophets repeat$ly exhort$ ! p to abide by ! law & to respect ! au?ority ( ! ,/ate4 ,?is w\ld g to indicate t1 ev5 9 ! be/ days anci5t ,judea has se51 individualism 0 supreme & ! au?ority ( ! ,/ate ?us consid]ably weak5$4 ,we h no record ( ! anci5t ,jews ev] hav+ built great roads1 or ev] hav+ be5 a great seaf>+ nation1 or hav+ done o!r ?+s t w\ld te/ify to _! creative g5ius 9 ! field ( civilization4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 !y h creat$ great books & h always be5 active 9 ! field ( lit]ature1 z h no o!r p on e>?4 ,x may be t _! lit]>y g5ius & activity absorb$ all _! en]gies1 s t ! lit]>y values !y creat$ 7 creat$ at ! exp5se ( ! creation ( values ( civilization4 ,f "t immemorial to ! pres5t day1 ! ,jews1 fir/ z a nation & !n z individuals1 h be5 busily engag$ 9 writ+ books1 &1 besides ! ,bible--t became ! book ( humanity & t has influ5c$ ! m9d ( humanity m ?an any o!r book 9 _w lit]ature--!y h writt5 a numb] ( books at v>i\s times & 9 v>i\s languages :i* _h a /rik+ effect on ! human m9d & 7 in/rum5tal 9 %ap+ & fram+ x4 ,! appe>ance ( ,philo ( ,alex&ria puzzl$ & amaz$ ! entire anci5t _w4 ,! ,greeks !mselves consid]$ him a wond] & express$ _! admiration = him by say+ t !y did n "k :e!r ,plato ,philoniz$ or ,philo ,platoniz$4 ,h[ ,philo's writ+s h influ5c$ ! c\rse ( spiritual developm5t 9 ,europe & h[ !y contribut$ %ape & =m to ! philosophy ( ,*ri/ianity is kn[n to ev]yone :o is acqua9t$ ) ! hi/ory ( ! ,european m9d4 ,*ri/ian au?ors h (t5 ass]t$ t "p ( ! success ( ,/4 ,paul is to be ascrib$ to 8 lit]>y g5ius1 8 /rik+ /yle & to ! concise =m ( 8 lit]>y expression4 ,& h[ c we ?9k ( ,*ri/ianity )\t ,philo & ,/4 ,paul1 ?\gh ! =m] did n consci\sly contribute any?+ to ! makeup ( ,*ri/ianity8 ,:51 dur+ ! *aos foll[+ ! dis9tegration ( ! ,roman ,empire1 ! ,jews disappe>$ f ! ar5a ( ,european lit]ature1 ! be/ ,jewi% m9ds 7 busy creat+ books & lit]>y /yles1 :i* rema9 unique to ! pres5t day4 ,we ref] to ! ,talmud & ,midra% or1 to be m precise1 to ,halakhah & ,hagadah4 ,! day w come :5 ,european s*ol>%ip w pay m att5tion to ^! two m>vel\s books4 ,a fam\s ,g]man s*ol>1 ,pr(essor ,/rack1 decl>$ a few ye>s ago t = ! la/ f\r hundr$ ye>s ! ,european peoples h /udi$ ! ,bible & h work$ v h>d to und]/& x4 ,n[1 s9ce we are bett] acqua9t$ ) ! ,bible1 we w h to take up ! /udy ( ! ,talmud & ! ,midra%4 ,only !n w we und]/& ,judaism4 ,:atev] place ! ,talmud may hold 9 ! hi/ory ( law & no matt] h[ x is valu$ by great juri/s1 x is c]ta9ly unique 9 its lit]>y /yle4 ,! ,talmudic /yle may or may n be a beautiful "o1 b x is c]ta9ly peculi>1 /rik+ & orig9al to ! core4 ,lit]ature is fir/ ( all /yle2 :at is true ( ! orig9ality ( ! ,talmudic /yle is also true ( ! /rik+ly orig9al /yle ( ! ,midra%4 ,at ! "t :5 ! /yle ( ^! two books 0 creat$ ! greate/ repres5tative ( ,european lit]ature ( t p]iod1 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 appe>$ & gave to ,*ri/ian humanity ! be/ book ( its "t1 ! ,confessiones4 ,! ,confessiones is a /rik+ book p[]fully writt54 ,its /yle is bo? s(t & =ceful2 because ( t x became "o ( ! be/ books ( ! ,*ur*4 ,:]e91 h[ev]1 lies ! secret ( t book8 ,:at made x a success8 ,x is ! attempt to imitate ! ,bible1 j z ,nietzs*e's ,z>a?u/ra took up ! /yle ( ! ,bible & became ! be/-kn[n book ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,b h[ does ,/4 ,augu/9e's ,confessiones comp>e ) ! ,bible8 ,9 c]ta9 places x is an artificial imitation ( ! ,bible1 pure & simple1 or1 to be m accurate1 a poor imitation ( ! ,psalms2 only v r>ely does ,augu/9e rea* ! height ( ! true ,biblical /yle4 ,because ,/4 ,augu/9e succe$$ 9 imitat+ ! /yle ( ! book :i* we creat$ he became ! lit]>y ma/]-m9d ( ,europe ( 8 "t4 ,! entire lit]ature ( confessions f ,augu/9e to ,r\sseau & f ,r\sseau to ,tol/oy has its inspiration 9 ! ,bible2 z long z humanity w produce poets :o ?9k 9 t]ms ( et]nity & :o feel at "o ) ! cosmos !y w h to fall back on ! ,bible1 z did ,dante & ,%akespe>e1 ,milton1 ,goe! & ,nietzs*e4 ,j z our national book1 ! ,bible1 became ! inexhau/ible s\rce ( inspiration to ! great repres5tatives ( _w lit]ature1 j s h _m books writt5 by ,jews )9 ! la/ five hundr$ ye>s influ5c$ & affect$ ! ,european m9d4 ,! books ( ,sp9oza 9 ! sev5te5?1 ( ,m5delssohn 9 ! eighte5?1 ( ,he9ri* ,he9e & ,k>l ,m>x 9 ! n9ete5? & ^? ( ,b]gson 9 ! tw5tie? c5tury 7 all corn]/ones 9 ! realm ( ! lit]ature ( mod]n times4 ,only rec5tly has att5tion be5 call$ by ! admir]s ( ,sp9oza to ! exquisite & truly arti/ic /yle ( ! lonely ,jew ( ,am/]dam4 ,m5delssohn 0 c]ta9ly n a fir/-rate philosoph]1 b he is consid]$ by 8 admir]s & oppon5ts alike a fir/-rate writ] & lit]>y ma/]-m9d2 next to ,less+ he 0 ! greate/ ,g]man /yli/ ( 8 "t4 ,! deep impression t ,k>l ,m>x made on 8 contempor>ies we und]/& less by read+ 8 m9or writ+s4 ,z an economi/ ( g5ius he c\ld appeal to a small community ( s*ol>s1 b z a lit]>y man ( r>e qualities1 z a p[]ful writ] :o wrote ) blood & v5om1 he succe$$ 9 greatly infuriat+ 8 oppon5ts & en?us+ 8 adh]5ts4 ,he9e has be5 call$ by ,nietzs*e ! wond] ( _w lit]ature4 ,! cons]vative ,g]mans1 ! ,prussians especially1 hate him ?or\ghly1 b !y _c help s++ 8 ,lorelei & ,die zwei ,gr5adi]e :5 !y feel truly ,g]man or truly patriotic4 ,?is ,dsseldorf ,jew1 :o receiv$ a conv5t education & :o1 accord+ to 8 own te/imony1 did n ma/] ! ,g]man language be=e he 0 sixte51 became ! lyrical poet ( ! ,g]man nation & discov]$ ! tune ( ! ,g]man s\l4 ,five decades aft] ,he9e's dea? !re appe>s a ,poli% ,jew 9 ! firmam5t ( ,fr5* lit]ature :o acquires = himself ! "n ( ! matre criva94 ,! ,fr5*1 ) _! great lit]>y & arti/ic traditions & ) _! own exquisite lit]>y ta/e1 are n s ha/y 9 be/[+ ^u "o ( _! writ]s ! honor ( ! title ( matre criva94 ,b !y lo/ no "t 9 giv+ t honor to ! ,poli% ,jew1 ,b]gson4 ,educat$ ,fr5*m5 agree t ev5 if all ! philosophic tea*+s ( ,b]gson %\ld prove to be false or %\ld be refut$ he w\ld nev]!less rema9 a great figure 9 ! gall]y ( ,fr5* lit]ature4 ,he may die z a philosoph]1 b he w rema9 immortal z a litt]ateur4 ,we h m5tion$ only ! pr9cipal great books writt5 )9 ! la/ ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 :i* h caus$ true revolutions 9 ! lit]>y _w & = :i* mo/ o!r peoples h no mat*4 ,if an hi/orian ( lit]ature 7 to /udy ! subject ( ! influ5ce ( ! ,jews on _w lit]ature1 especially ( mod]n times1 he w\ld h to write n "o1 b five volumes1 & ev5 !n he w\ld n exhau/ ! subject1 n because ( ! multitude ( ! books ! ,jews h writt51 b because ( ! creative values ( ^! books & ( ! influ5ce ex]cis$ on _! contempor>ies4 ,x is a rem>kable fact t ! be/ piece ( ,g]man lit]>y eloqu5ce 0 writt5 by a ,jew1 ,ludwig ,bo]ne1 & e ,g]man s*oolboy has to "k 8 piece ( eloqu5ce1 ,d5kr$e ueb] ,jean ,paul1 by he>t4 ,( ,israel ,zangwill ! ,engli% say t he comes ne>e/ to ,dick5s4 ,hugo von ,h(fmann/hal1 ! (fspr+ ( a ,galician ,jew & a relative ( ! late ,graf von ,aehr5?al1 today holds su* a unique position 9 ,g]man lit]ature t ev5 ! wilde/ anti-,semites d n d>e to attack him4 ,! ,fr5* ,academy has recogniz$ ano!r ,g]man ,jew1 ,ludwig ,fulda1 z ! be/ ,g]man metrician ( 8 "t4 ,& !re are su* p[]ful publici/s z ,maximilian ,h>d5 & ,max ,nordau1 su* m5 z ,wass]man & ,s*nitzl]1 :o h contribut$ to ! lit]>y glory ( ! ,jewi% p 9 rec5t times4 ,! ,aryan peoples w seldom conc$e t ! ,jews are "o ( ! mo/ capable lit]>y peoples t h ev] liv$1 b !re are _m signs t w\ld g to indicate t !y are fully consci\s ( x4 ,! ,fr5* nev] =get to m5tion ! fact t ! mo!rs ( ,rabelais & ,montaigne 7 ,jewesses & !re is a ,g]man folksong t beg9s ) ! v]se3 ,er hat wie ,brne ges*rieb5 ,er hat wie ,he9e g$i*tet4 ,! humor\s pap]s 9 ,italy1 :5 tak+ ,luigi ,luzzatti to task1 are always c>toon+ him z a little ,jew buri$ 9 books1 & x is a curr5t expression 9 ,italy today t he eats books l ,luzzatti4 ,a ,jew & a book are ne>ly synonym\s4 ,we 7 & we are to ! pres5t day a booki% p4 ,! book has be5 until n[ our greate/ glory4 ,= ?\s&s ( ye>s we h be5 dream]s & writ]s4 ,! book 0 our %ield & our weapon & ! only outlet = our en]gies4 ,n[ x seems t a great & radical *ange is go+ to take place 9 our lives4 ,we may & w probably nev] ab&on ! book altoge!r1 b we are on ! v]ge ( becom+ an active p1 in/ead ( be+ solely a booki% p4 ,,! ,,future ,,( ,,! ,,jewi% ,,religion ,,9 ,,! ,,diaspora ,prec$+ & dur+ ! religi\s crisis 9 ,france1 :i* result$ 9 ! ,sep>ation ,law1 a great numb] ( books on ! future ( religion appe>$ 9 ,p>is4 ,! l>ge/ numb] ( writ]s d5i$ t !re 0 a future = religion1 ma9ta9+ t mod]n economic conditions are und]m9+ ! spiritual & religi\s basis ( ! life ( ! masses4 ,a m9ority1 uphold+ ,cl]icalism1 =esaw a promis+ future = religion4 ,a simil> discussion on ! future ( ! ,jewi% religion arose ) ! adv5t ( ,zionism4 ,9 ! fir/ decade ( our c5tury scores ( books appe>$ 9 ,europe1 deal+ ) ! nature & future ( ! ,jewi% religion4 ,z 9 ,france1 dur+ ! crisis1 s 9 ,european ,jewry1 dur+ ! inception ( ,zionism1 two di/9ct views 7 held z to ! future ( ! ,jewi% religion4 ,"o view saw t ,judaism c\ld hope = no future 9 ! ,diaspora & t1 if only to av]t ! de/ruction ( ! ,jewi% religion1 a homel& 9 ,pale/9e 0 ne$$4 ,! o!r view 0 t ,judaism1 be+ non-political 9 nature1 w\ld cont9ue to exi/ indef9itely & t1 z a matt] ( fact1 x 0 creat$ = a ,diaspora exi/5ce4 ,today1 :5 ! ,jewi% p is once m at ! p>t+ ( ! ways1 ! same "q comes up aga94 ,^? :o oppose ,zionism ha/ily affirm t ! ,jewi% religion n only does n ne$ a homel& 9 ,pale/9e1 z a s\rce ( new inspiration1 b t ! v idea ( ?is homel& is incompatible ) ! ,jewi% religion4 ,! spokesm5 ( ,zionism :o1 z a rule1 d n worry mu* ov] que/ions ( !ology & religion1 h s f> fail$ to take a def9ite attitude t[>ds ! rabbis :o oppose ,zionism on religi\s gr\nds4 ,we ?9k x high "t to approa* ?is "q & to try to answ] x f a purely objective po9t ( view4 ,be=e we ask :e!r ! ,jewi% religion has any future 9 ! ,diaspora1 let u see :e!r x has _h any developm5t 9 ! pa/4 ,x is kn[n to e intellig5t ,jew t s9ce ! appe>ance ( ,maimonides1 ) ! exception ( ! pa?ological ph5om5on ( ,sabba?ai ,zevi & ( ,hassidism1 ! ,jewi% religion has n develop$ 9 ! lea/4 ,! rabb9ic lit]ature ( ! la/ #hjj ye>s consi/s ma9ly ( legal responses to :i* nobody w attribute religi\s significance1 because religion & legalism are two diff]5t ?+s4 ,! rab9nic ,jew has ! same views on ,god1 on ! relations betwe5 ,god & man1 & on immortality1 z prevail$ among ,jews #hjj ye>s ago4 ,ev5 ! synagogue & ! ,jewi% ritual h und]gone few *anges 9 ?is p]iod4 ,_m attribute ?is fact ( religi\s /agnation to ! pr$om9ant legal elem5t 9 ! ,jewi% religion1 :ile o!rs ma9ta9 t1 ev5 )\t ?is elem5t1 ! ,jewi% religion w\ld n h und]gone *anges because ( its exi/5ce 9 ! ,diaspora4 ,religion1 l any o!r phase ( spiritual life1 mu/ draw f life itself & if ! s\rce is pollut$ /agnation mu/ set 94 ,_m p seek to prove t ! ,jewi% religion is capable ( developm5t 9 ! ,diaspora1 & z pro( !y po9t to ,hassidism4 ,b ev5 !y mu/ agree t ,hassidism itself fail$ to develop & t x result$ f9ally 9 a =m ( ,judaism :i* is objectionable ev5 on /hetic gr\nds4 ,hassidism1 :i* claims to h a great] fre$om ( movem5t ?an ,mi?nagdism1 is today ev5 m /agnant ?an ,mi?nagdism4 ,9 addition1 x is que/ionable :e!r ! pan!i/ic elem5t 9 ,hassidism is altoge!r compatible ) ! traditional ,jewi% conception ( ,god4 ,all 9 all1 ,hassidism af=ds no pro( t ! ,jewi% religion has develop$ 9 ! la/ #hjj ye>s4 ,x w\ld be no exagg]ation to say t ev] s9ce ,jewi% religi\s philosophy *ose ! pa? ( ,ari/otelianism1 x has be5 favor$ only ) ! slighte/ developm5t4 ,"o mu/ be> 9 m9d t 9 ! pa/ ! ,jewi% religion1 ?\gh m p]secut$ ?an at pres5t1 _h bett] *ances ( developm5t ?an 9 our own day4 ,! ,g5tiles surr\nd+ ! ,jews liv$ a m int5se spiritual life ?an is ! case today & 9 addition !y ?\ght 9 t]ms ( religion z ! m$iaeval philosoph]s ?\ght m !ologico4 ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity 7 absolutely sep>at$ & reg>d$ ea* o!r ) ho/ility4 ,! int5se religi\s feel+ ( ! ,middle ,ages1 ! ?9k+ 9 t]ms ( religion on ! "p ( ! ,g5tile masses1 ! ho/ility ( ! ,*ur* to ! ,synagogue1 ! isolation ( ,jewi% life & ! p]secution :i* mu/ h int5sifi$ ! religi\s feel+1 7 all factors conducive to religi\s developm5t4 ,h[ev]1 ! fact rema9s t s9ce ,maimonides1 ! ,jewi% religion has n und]gone notable developm5t4 ,is x capable ( developm5t 9 ! future8 ,today humanity does n ?9k 9 t]ms ( religion2 mod]n philosoph]s d n ?9k m !ologico b m biologico2 ! synagogue 9 ! c\ntry :]e ,jews are free is n isolat$ z 0 ! case 9 ! pa/1 nor is ,jewi% life isolat$4 ,unlike ! ,jews ( ! pa/1 ! mod]n ,jew 9 ^! c\ntries is actuat$ n by religi\s b by economic & social motives & he has little "t to give ?\ght to ,judaism4 ,to ! av]age ,jew 9 ! lib]al c\ntries1 ,judaism is ei!r an unwelcome h]itage or at be/ a synagogal duty4 ,9 ea/]n ,europe !re are two sorts ( ,jews1 z f> z religion is conc]n$4 ,!re are ei!r rabb9ic ,jews1 :o are pi\s & naive1 or !re are ,jews ^: views practically am\nt to a sup]ficial a!ism4 ,"u ^! conditions1 x is h>d to tell h[ ! ,jewi% religion is to develop 9 ! ,diaspora1 or :at its future may be4 ,! ,re=m]s1 ( c\rse1 w\ld po9t to ! "w ( ,geig] & ,holdheim4 ,b is ! "w ( ^! m5 really pro( ( organic developm5t 9 ,jewi% religion8 ,does ! de/ruction ( ! bases ( a religion indicate developm5t8 ,re=m ,judaism n only did away ) rabb9ism1 b x w\ld also deprive ! ,bible ( its religi\s "*1 d5y+ ! div9ity ( its s\rce & 9 addition arbitr>ily aboli%+ fundam5tal biblical laws = ! conv5i5ce ( its praction]s4 ,is !re any intellig5t ,jew1 ) a fair k ( ,judaism1 p]haps ) ! exception ( a few ,re=m rabbis1 :o w ma9ta9 t 9 ^! *anges !re is a trace ( developm5t8 ,if ,re=m ,judaism c d no m ?an de/roy :at o!rs h built1 x is n progress 9 ,jewi% religion1 z its lead]s ass]t1 b m]ely a ru?less iconoclasm4 ,we d n say t ,re=m ,judaism is creat$ by malice or by ! wanton desire to de/roy1 b only t x s]ves z pro( t f pres5t conditions ! ,jewi% religion seems to h no future 9 ! ,diaspora1 once x has come into contact ) mod]n life4 ,! ,jewi% religion1 a product ( national g5ius1 c live & ?rive only on its own soil4 ,x c live & ?rive only if x is "p & p>cel ( ! :ole life ( ! nation1 because ! ,jewi% religion1 9 contradi/9ction to ! univ]sal religions1 is di/9ctly national 9 "* & :]ev] ! ,jewi% nation is hamp]$ 9 its movem5ts 7z x is1 ev]y:]e1 9 ! ,diaspora71 ! ,jewi% religion is also hamp]$ & condemn$ to /agnation4 ,! /rong] & m int5se ! life surr\nd+ ! ,jews1 ! weak] becomes _! own religi\s impulse4 ,?is is well kn[n to ! ,re=m rabbis4 ,we d n "k h[ !y conceive ! future ( ,judaism 9 ! ,diaspora1 b we d "k t ! only possibility = a ,jewi% religi\s revival lies 9 a national life = ! ,jewi% p4 ,,! ,,migrations ,,( ,,jewi% ,,lit]ature ,among all ! lit]atures ( ! _w ! ,jewi% lit]ature is ! only "o t did n develop 9 any "o l& & ! de/9ies ( :i* are n connect$ ) any "o c\ntry4 ,x has nei!r a c]ta9 local odor nor a c]ta9 local color1 & x has seldom be5 ! product ( local conditions4 ,!re are a good _m s*ol>s :o g s f> z to say t ! ,jews _h litt]ateurs only & n a lit]ature1 because ! conception ( a national lit]ature involves national t]ritory1 a national political organization1 & national traditions4 ,a p1 ^! s*ol>s say1 may produce a great numb]s ( writ]s & poets & may /ill be said n to possess a national lit]ature4 ,=m]ly s*ol>s :o argu$ to t effect may h be5 "r4 ,if we take into consid]ation ! psy*ological cont9uity ( ,jewi% lit]ature ev] s9ce ! ,jews began _! c>e] z a w&]+ p1 we are ju/ifi$ 9 d\bt+ ! wisdom ( ?is conception4 ,al?\gh ,jewi% lit]ature has und]gone _m radical *anges 7! *ange 9 language be+ only "o prime fact7 & al?\gh x has be5 z re/less z ! ,jewi% p1 compell$ to w&] f "o c\ntry to ano!r1 x has /ill succe$$ 9 pres]v+ c]ta9 prime qualities & *>act]i/ics :i* entitle x to be> ! pr\d "n ( national lit]ature4 ,x is easy to recognize ! age ( a ,jewi% lit]>y docum5t1 b x is n s easy to asc]ta9 ! place & locality :]e x 0 produc$4 ,! ,hebrew-,italian s*ool ( ! eighte5? c5tury resembles 9 _m respects ! ,hebrew-,spani% s*ool ( ! ,middle ,ages1 & ! ,russian-,hebrew s*ool ( ! pres5t "t has mu* simil>ity n only to ! v>i\s ,hebrew s*ools ( ! twelf? & ! eighte5? c5turies b ev5 to ! ,biblical p]iod4 ,x suffices only to m5tion ! "n ( ,bialik to %[ h[ ne> we are today to ! _s ( ! ,biblical p]iod4 ,?is is true ( ,hebrew poetry b n ( ,hebrew prose4 ,"h ! results ( migration are v noticeable4 ,! ,jewi% lit]ature ( ! ,alex&rian p]iod has h>dly any?+ 9 common ) ,babylonian ,jewi% lit]ature1 & ! lit]ature creat$ 9 ! ,prov5ce is q diff]5t 9 "* f t creat$ 9 ,c5tral ,asia or 9 ,africa4 ,9 o!r words1 :ile ! contemplative ,jewi% m9d succe$s 9 pres]v+ its *ief orig9al qualities1 ! m$itative ,jewi% m9d 0 subject to c]ta9 degrees ( assimilation4 ,z long z ! ,hebrew language 0 ! means ( expression = ! ,jewi% lit]>y _s ! effect ( migration f "o c\ntry to ano!r 0 to make ,jewi% lit]ature m picturesque & m int]e/+4 ,b x did n fill ! lit]>y m9d ) new cont5ts4 ,sometimes ! effect ( ! new surr\nd+s 0 n felt at all4 ,?is is due to ! fact t1 ) ! ,hebrew language z cultivat$ by ! ,jews1 !re goes a c]ta9 philosophy ( life & ( ?+s4 ,! fate ( ! ,jews ?r\gh\t ! ages1 m or less simil> 9 e l&1 contribut$ also to ! psy*ological cont9uity ( ! ,hebrew lit]>y m9d4 ,?is expresses itself be/ 9 ! ,hebrew elegy4 ,:5 "o reads ,bialik's ,poems ( ,wra?1 "o ?9ks at once ( ,hebrew poems ( a simil> k9d writt5 hundr$s ( ye>s ago4 ,hebrew prose on ! o!r h& und]w5t slight *anges dur+ ! ,jewi% migrations4 ,s9ce ! ,jews h ent]$ mod]n civilization & h adopt$ ! language ( ! ,g5tiles z a m$ium ( lit]>y expression1 ! effects ( migration on ! ,jewi% lit]>y m9d h begun to make !mselves felt 9 a r unpleasant way4 ,?is unpleasantness consi/s n 9 ! v>iety ( languages 9 :i* mod]n ,jewi% lit]ature is s ri*1 b 9 ! v>iety ( ideas & conceptions :i* ! ,hebrew language impos$ on ! individual4 ,! works ( ,jewi% writ]s :o write 9 ,european languages1 ev5 if !y deal only ) ,jewi% subjects1 d n belong to ,jewi% lit]ature alone2 we _c proclaim ^! works z our national possessions because ( ! v non-,jewi% elem5ts :i* *>act]ize !m4 ,on ano!r occasion we h already %[n h[ ,jewi% hi/oriography & our hi/ory ( ,jewi% lit]ature h be5 influ5c$ by non-,jewi% elem5ts4 ,x goes )\t say+ t all ! o!r bran*es ( our prose lit]ature1 z f> z !y h n be5 writt5 9 ,hebrew1 are /rongly influ5c$ by non-,jewi% elem5ts to a v great ext5t4 ,v (t5 x is difficult to recognize :at is ,jewi% & :at is non-,jewi% 9 ^! works4 ,ev]yone acqua9t$ ) ! !ological developm5ts ( ,judaism )9 ! la/ hundr$ ye>s kn[s h[ ,jewi% !ology 9 ! we/ has gradually become ali5at$ f its ,jewi% orig9 & come ne>] to a ,*ri/ian po9t ( view4 ,no less an important !ologian ?an ,s*lei]ma*] *>act]iz$ s-call$ mod]n ,judaism z be+ v simil> to mod]n ,*ri/ianism4 ,x w readily be und]/ood t x 0 n ,*ri/ianity t came ne>] to ,judaism b1 on ! contr>y1 ,judaism t came ne>] ,*ri/ianity4 ,x w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be wrong & hi/orically untrue to say t only 9 mod]n times has a non-,jewi% elem5t begun to creep into ,jewi% lit]ature4 ,x is moreov] a fact t ev] s9ce ! ,jews h us$ =eign tongues = lit]>y expression1 !y h be5 compell$ to admit non-,jewi% elem5ts into _! works4 ,?is is true ( ,philo & to a c]ta9 ext5t ev5 ( ,maimonides' ,moreh4 ,is x n peculi> t all ! great m$iators betwe5 ,judaism & ! ,g5tile _w h writt5 _! philosophical works ei!r 9 ,greek or 9 ,arabic or 9 "s mod]n language1 & t ^? ,jewi% philosoph]s :o h writt5 _! philosophical works 9 ,hebrew h nev] tri$ to play ! rle ( m$iators8 ,philo1 :o wrote 9 ,greek1 tri$ to m$iate betwe5 ,platonism & ,judaism4 ,maimonides1 :o wrote ! ,moreh 9 ,arabic1 tri$ to m$iate betwe5 ,ari/otelism & ,judaism1 & ,h]man ,coh5 tries to m$iate betwe5 ,kantianism & ,judaism4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 exceptions to ! rule4 ,na*man ,kro*mal 0 a ?or\gh ,hegelian & wrote 8 ,moreh 9 ,hebrew4 ,b ?is is j ! exception :i* proves ! rule4 ,mo/ ( our philosoph]s :o wrote 9 ,hebrew develop$ a m or less purely ,hebrew philosophy & contribut$ to ! developm5t ( ! ,hebrew m9d :i* f\nd its pure/ expression 9 ! ,bible1 ! ,talmud & ! ,haggaddah4 ,all ?is w\ld g to %[ t ! psy*ological cont9uity ( ! ,hebrew lit]>y m9d & ! true developm5t ( ! ,jewi% m9d c be/ be safegu>d$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ,hebrew4 ,hebrew is to ! ,jews & to ! lit]ature ( ! ,jewi% p m ?an a language4 ,x replaces ! _m elem5ts requir$ = ! s\nd developm5t ( a national lit]ature :i* we h n1 su* z a c\ntry1 local traditions1 a national political organization1 & s on4 ,z long z ,hebrew is ! m$ium ( lit]>y expression among ! ,jews1 ,jewi% lit]ature des]ves ! "n ( a national lit]ature & is a national lit]ature4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! ,jewi% m9d does n express itself any m ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ,hebrew1 ! productions ( ?is m9d d n solely belong to u & are n "p & p>cel ( our national prop]ty4 ,!y belong to ! o!rs z well z to u & probably m to !m4 ,h]e9 lies ! importance ( ,hebrew = ! developm5t ( ,judaism & ! ,jewi% m9d4 ,,are ,,! ,,jews ,a ,,comm]cial ,,p8 ,! reputation ( ! ,jews = be+ a bus9ess p has done !m m h>m ?an good1 & has1 9 fact1 ret>d$ _! emancipation 9 _m c\ntries4 ,b n[h]e has ?is reputation done !m s mu* h>m z 9 ,russia4 ,ev5 ! ,russian lib]als1 :o are n anti-,semitic1 seem to believe t ! ,jews1 if emancipat$1 w\ld ru9 ! ,russian peasantry & completely monopolize ,russian comm]ce4 ,!y are !re=e n eag] to take up ! cause ( ! ,jews1 ?\gh !y may be lib]al 9 e o!r respect4 ,! ,russian & ,r\manian anti-,semites1 h[ev]1 base _! !ories ( ! ne$ = oppress+ ! ,jews on ! belief t ! ,jews are too %rewd 9 bus9ess & t !y w exploit ! ,russians & ,r\manians if !y are giv5 fre$om to move ab\t & to utilize all _! comm]cial en]gy & intellig5ce4 ,?is view is n re/rict$ to ^? c\ntries alone4 ,we f9d traces ( x ev5 9 ,am]ica4 ,has ?is belief any f\ndation 9 fact or is x only a my?8 ,! "q is int]e/+ en\gh to be discuss$4 ,!re are two me?ods ( consid]+ ?is "q1 ! hi/oric & ! pragmatic4 ,h ! ,jews always be5 a bus9ess p8 ,are !y today a bus9ess p8 ,in/ead ( answ]+ ^! que/ions 9 ! affirmative or 9 ! negative1 we ?9k x wis] to lay ! facts be=e ! public & to let x answ] ! two que/ions4 ,9 anci5t times--z confirm$ by ! ,bible--! ,jews 7 n mu* ( a bus9ess p4 ,! bulk ( ! p 7 devot$ to agriculture4 ,!re are ?irte5 t]ms = ra9 9 ,hebrew :ile !re is only "o = comm]ce4 ,! numb] ( agricultural laws 9 ! ,scriptures exce$s by f> ! numb] ( laws & regulations relat+ to comm]ce4 ,! attitude ( anci5t ,jews to comm]ce 0 simil> to ! attitude ( ! anci5t ,greeks to labor4 ,inde$ ! anci5t ,jews1 9 contradi/9ction to ! ,greeks1 respect$ labor & despis$ bus9ess & comm]ce4 ,josephus ,flavius 9 8 book aga9/ ,apion1 says cle>ly3 ,we ,jews d n f9d mu* pleasure 9 comm]ce4 ,! ,talmudic sages w>n$ ! p aga9/ comm]ce aga9 & aga91 & repres5t$ ! bus9ess man z an ignoramus & a s9n]4 ,rabbi ,meir rul$3 ,trade less & /udy m4 ,rabbi ,johanan exclaim$3 ,!re is no ,torah among tradesm5 & bus9ess p4 ,tak+ all ^! facts into consid]ation1 we fail to see h[ any intellig5t p]son c say ( ! ,jews t !y 7 always a bus9ess p4 ,inde$1 x is int]e/+ to obs]ve t ! ^w us$ 9 ,hebrew = comm]ce is n ( ,hebrew b ( ,greek orig94 ,b :at ab\t ,diaspora ,jewry8 ,! ,diaspora ,jew 0 n all[$ to become an agriculturi/4 ,he 0 =c$ to live 9 ! city & z he 0 exclud$ f all artisan guilds he 0 oblig$ to become a tradesman or a money l5d]4 ,h[ did ! /urdy agricultural ,jew become a bus9ess man1 :5 bus9ess 0 nev] 8 ideal8 ,to answ] ?is "q we mu/ le>n ! attitude ( ! e>ly m$iaeval ,*ri/ian ,*ur* to comm]cialism4 ,! slogan ( ! ,*ur* 0 ,nullus ,*ri/ianus debet esse m]cator 7,no ,*ri/ian d>e be a m]*ant71 = comm]ce turn$ ! ,*ri/ian f ! ,*ur*4 ,?is ho/ile attitude ( ! ,*ur* t[>d comm]ce _h its orig9 9 ! influ5ce ( ,greek culture on ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ,greeks1 z is well kn[n1 despis$ ! m]*ant & consid]$ him a necess>y evil4 ,! social /atus ( ! m]*ant 9 anci5t ,greece 0 v l[ & ! repres5tatives ( ,greek ?\ght1 ,plato & ,ari/otle1 contribut$ l>gely to l[]+ x /ill fur!r4 ,accord+ to ,plato ! m]*ant class is to ! intellectual class :at ! /oma* is to ! bra9 & ! raison d'tre ( ! m]*ant class is only to be f\nd 9 its fe$+ ! w>rior class4 ,plato describes ! m]*ant z belong+ to ! ?ird & l[e/ class ( society4 ,! e>ly ,*ur* _h tak5 ov] ^! views ( comm]ce & made !m its own4 ,ev5 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 :o liv$ 9 ! #ac? c5tury1 :5 comm]cial life /ill fl\ri%$1 adh]$ /ill to ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ideas ab\t comm]ce4 ,b z comm]ce is necess>y to ! exi/5ce ( organiz$ society1 ! ,*ur* made ! ,jews ! be>]s ( comm]ce by =bidd+ ,*ri/ians to trade & induc+ ! ,jews to d s4 ,! ,*ur* _h ano!r reason = mak+ ! ,jew ! bus9ess man4 ,! repres5tatives ( ! ,*ur*--f9e psy*ologi/s t !y 7 & /ill are--knew t z long z ! ,jew conf9$ himself to agriculture he w\ld cont9ue to be /ubborn & /iff-neck$1 & no ,*ri/ian propag&a w\ld induce him to give up 8 religion4 ,! peasant is ! cons]vative elem5t ( society4 ,! tradesman1 h[ev]1 ^: bus9ess x is to make b>ga9s & compromises 9 8 bus9ess life1 is always incl9$ to make compromises 9 morality & religion4 ,if ! ,jews 7 made tradesm51 s ! lead]s ( ! ,*ur* ?\ght1 two aims c\ld be a*iev$ at "o /roke4 ,fir/ !y w\ld be made to d ! dirty "w = ! ,*ri/ians1 & secondly1 _! cons]vative ,jewi% _s w\ld be brok54 ,^! 7 ! reasons :y ! ,*ri/ian _w consci\sly =c$ ! ,jews into comm]cialism4 ,on ! o!r h&1 political conditions 9 ! ,middle ,ages actually compell$ ! ,jews to take to comm]ce4 ,?us a p1 orig9ally agricultural1 became comm]cial4 ,x is cle> t ! ,jews are n a bus9ess p by nature b out ( necessity & by reason ( hi/orical developm5ts4 ,b n[ ano!r "q arises3 ,are ! ,jews clev] z a bus9ess p & d !y really %[ an inh]5t bus9ess g5ius8 ,! anti-,semites & _m ( our fri5ds believe t e ,jew is pot5tially a bus9ess g5ius4 ,is ?is true8 ,?is "q is also be/ answ]$ by facts4 ,9 ,ea/]n ,europe1 :]e indu/ry & comm]ce are n develop$1 & :]e ,jews live 9 masses1 ! ord9>y ,jew is n a bus9ess man4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! ord9>y ,jew 9 ! ,ea/ is a skill$ or unskill$ labor]4 ,out ( ! million ,ea/]n ,jews1 :o emigrat$ to ?is c\ntry f #ahii-aijh1 ab\t #fj p] c5t 7 labor]s4 ,! great masses or ,ea/]n ,jews 9 ,am]ica are1 9 ! ma91 labor]s4 ,z ,ea/]n ,jewry =ms ! bulk ( ! ,jewi% p1 !re is no reason to ?9k t ! mod]n ,jew is eo ipso a bus9ess man1 or a tradesman4 ,! great ,jewi% ,sociali/ movem5t likewise te/ifies to ! fact t ! ,jews are n a bus9ess p 9 ! s5se us$ by our enemies & by _m ( our fri5ds1 because a ,sociali/ movem5t _c rise & fl\ri% among bus9ess p4 ,! ,jews1 9 individual cases1 may be %>p] 9 bus9ess ?an _! non-,jewi% fell[ bus9ess m5 ( ! same /ation 9 life4 ,belong+ to an ,ori5tal1 passionate race1 !y h a m vivid imag9ation & c see ?+s 9 bright] colors ?an ! non-,jews4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 true only ( individual cases4 ,! ord9>y ,jewi% bus9ess man is z clev] or z /upid z ! ,g5tile bus9ess man4 ,a m$iocrity1 :e!r a ,jew or a ,g5tile1 is a m$iocrity1 & ! ,jewi% m$iocrity is no m productive or creative ?an ! non-,jewi% m$iocrity4 ,x is int]e/+ t 9 ! ,levant1 :]e ,greeks1 ,arm5ians & o!r ,ori5tal p are active 9 bus9ess1 ! ,jew cuts a relatively poor figure z a bus9ess man4 ,!re are 9 ,salonica great ,jewi% m]*ants b ! va/ majority ( ,salonica ,jews are artisans & labor]s4 ,! ,jews ( ! ,ea/ :5 settl$ 9 ! ,we/1 be x 9 ,we/]n ,europe or ,am]ica1 h seldom a*iev$ a great success z m]*ants or bus9ess m54 ,! fact is t ! ,jew is no m %rewd z a bus9ess man ?an ! ,engli%man1 ,fr5*man1 or ,am]ican4 ,x is true1 h[ev]1 t 9 exceptional cases ! ,jews produce comm]cial g5iuses z !y also produce lit]>y & arti/ic & sci5tific g5iuses4 ,we are an old & relatively pure race & our exp]i5ce is f>-rea*+4 ,we h m productive p[]s ?an _m o!r peoples1 & we produce proportionately m great m5 ?an o!r peoples4 ,"s ( ^! great m5 are great 9 bus9ess1 b t does n mean t ! ,jews are a bus9ess p & a clev] bus9ess p4 ,,our ,,national ,,budget ,,& ,,brib]y ,all peoples :o live "u normal conditions live economically1 t is1 on a sy/ematiz$ budget 9 :i* exp5diture is adju/$ to income4 ,! ,jewi% p1 n liv+ "u su* conditions1 d n live economically4 ,_! budget is n sy/ematiz$ nor are its exp5ditures proportionate to ! income4 ,! lack ( a sy/ematiz$ budget1 h[ev]1 does n mean t we h no fix$ annual exp5ditures1 al?\gh x is true t we h no fix$ annual income4 ,! tru? is t we1 z a p1 sp5d z mu* z any o!r p ( equal numb]s :o live a normal life4 ,! only diff]5ce is se5 9 ?is3 :ile o!r peoples sp5d money = national organization & on national in/itutions1 we h to sp5d our money ei!r 9 brib]y or to help pogrom victims4 ,on ! eve ( ! ,jewi% ,new ,ye> x is prop] t we draw up & take acc\nt ( our annual budget4 ,! bigge/ sum 9 ?is budget is ! item m>k$ brib]y4 ,few realize h[ _m millions are sp5t annually by ,russian & ,r\manian ,jews :o seek to mollify _! oppressors ) bribe or gift (f]+s4 ,few realize t ! _m millions sp5t by weal?y ,assimilationi/s 9 non-,jewi% philan?ropies are also bribe (f]+s4 ,! ,jew has le>n$ t if he means to be a ,jew he mu/ pay brib]y & t if he does n want to be a ,jew1 he mu/ also pay brib]y4 ,:5 a few ye>s ago a ,jewi% "l 9 ,engl& bequea!d 8 =tune ( #aj1jjj1jjj to non-,jewi% in/itutions1 he made x cle> t ?is gift %\ld be tak5 z pro( ( 8 s9c]e ,anglicism1 :i* meant ! repudiation ( ,judaism4 ,:5 ! ,fr5* ,jew1 ,meurts de la ,deuts* sp5ds #b1jjj1jjj francs annually to enc\rage aviation 9 ,france1 x is = no nobl] purpose ?an to d5y t he is a ,jew1 & t he has embrac$ all ,fr5* int]e/s4 ,! same is true ( innum]able weal?y ,jews :o give millions = non-,jewi% & (t5 = anti-,jewi% purposes4 ,x might prove int]e/+ to an economi/ to discov] h[ _m millions are sp5t annually 9 su* brib]y4 ,x is n difficult to e/imate 9 r\nd figures ! sums sp5t annually by ^? :o want to rema9 ,jews4 ,!re are six million ,jews 9 ,russia4 ,= e move he makes1 ! ,russian ,jew mu/ bribe ! au?orities4 ,if he wants 8 son admitt$ to ! s*ools1 he mu/ bribe ! education (ficials4 ,if he wants to op5 a /ore & obta9 a lic5se1 he mu/ bribe ! village or t[n (ficials4 ,if he builds a h\se he mu/ bribe ! build+ inspectors4 ,if he seeks a passport1 he mu/ bribe ! police4 ,! :ole run ( human activities is accompani$ by an endless fl[ ( bribes1 gifts1 pres5ts1 etc4 ,x is no exagg]ation to say t e ,jew 9 ,russia mu/ sp5d an av]age ( t5 rubles annually 9 brib+ (ficials4 ,?is is #fj1jjj1jjj rubles1 or #cj1jjj1jjj a ye>4 ,! total budget ( ! ,swiss ,conf$]acy falls )9 ?is am\nt4 ,9 return ! ,russian ,jews are paid 9 exceptional laws & pogroms4 ,^! laws & pogroms lead to emigration :i* co/s u1 on an av]age1 #aj1jjj1jjj a ye>4 ,9 ! la/ decade ,jewi% emigration f ,russia has be5 at lea/ #ajj1jjj p]sons a ye>4 ,! co/ to e immigrant is at lea/ #abj rubles4 ,?is totals #g1bjj1jjj a ye>4 ,economi/s h calculat$ & discov]$ t ! incid5tal exp5ses ( ea* immigrant am\nt to ab\t #ajj rubles4 ,^! exp5ses are caus$ by ! loss entail$ 9 break+ up bus9ess1 sell+ out bel[ co/1 etc4 ,?is 9 turn totals up to #ab1jjj1jjj rubles1 or #f1jjj1jjj a ye>4 ,9 addition to ^! sums !re are extraord9>y losses result+ f pogroms1 fire & boycott4 ,we are n tak+ into consid]ation ! hundr$s ( millions lo/ by ,jews 9 ! w> ow+ to ! malice ( ! ,russian ,gov]nm5t4 ,^! losses are n recurr5t4 ,b we mu/ consid] ! losses ( ! ,jews 9 ,russia z a result ( pogroms4 ,9 ! pogroms ( #aije & #aijf ! ,russian ,jews lo/ #bj1jjj1jjj rubles4 ,pogroms on a m9or scale are ye>ly ev5ts 9 ,russia4 ,all 9 all1 ! sum :i* ! ,russian ,jews sp5d annually 9 bribes or 9 exp5ses 9 connection ) emigration1 or :i* !y lose 9 pogroms or o!r upheavals1 rea*es ! gigantic sum ( #ej1jjj1jjj1 a sum :i* exce$s ! annual budget ( ,bulg>ia or ( ,switz]l&4 ,= less ?an ?is sum ^! two peoples enjoy national indep5d5ce & sov]eignty :ile we enjoy--pogroms4 ,:at is true ( ,russia is true ( ,r\mania1 p>tly true ( ,galicia & ( ! ,jews 9 nor!rn ,africa1 ,p]sia & ,afghani/an4 ,t ^! million & a half ( oppress$ ,jews liv+ outside ( ,russia also sp5d millions annually 9 brib]y & emigration goes )\t say+4 ,z ! emigration f ! c\ntries ( oppression does n dim9i% ! numb] ( ,jews1 because ( ! high bir?-rate !re1 & z conditions ( life gr[ worse daily1 ! emigrants h to support _! families & fri5ds :o /ay beh9d4 ,! ,russian ,m9i/ry ( ,po/ & ,telegraph publi%$ /ati/ical tables a few ye>s ago1 :i* %[ t ! ,russian immigrants 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 mo/ly ,jews1 s5d annually to _! relatives & fri5ds f #ae1jjj1jjj to #ah1jjj1jjj a ye>4 ,a good "p ( ?is sum goes to ! ,russian po/ (fice (ficials4 ,?is fact became kn[n f\r ye>s ago :5 a gr\p ( ,jews 9 ,petrograd & ,mosc[ />t$ a movem5t ) ! purpose ( f\nd+ a ,jewi% immigrants' bank4 ,:5 speak+ ( necess>y & incid5tal exp5ses ( immigration "o mu/ n ov]look ! losses accru+ f re-immigration & f a decrease ( productive en]gy ( _m immigrants because ( _! inability to adapt !mselves to new surr\nd+s4 ,^! are exp5ses caus$ by ! decision ( ,jews to rema9 ,jews4 ,we ma9ta9 t ! sums ( money paid by ,jews :o are det]m9$ to h ! _w ?9k !m non-,jews1 or to h ! _w =give !m = be+ ,jews1 are at lea/ z l>ge4 ,:51 a few ye>s ago1 ! ,jewi% millionaire ,efrussi di$ 9 ,p>is1 ! ,fr5* press )\t exception paid high tribute to 8 ,fr5* patriotism & omitt$ all m5tion ( 8 ,jewi% orig94 ,efrussi us$ to sp5d #b1jjj1jjj francs on ,fr5* national sports1 races1 etc4 ,?is 0 also ! case ) ! ,fr5* ,jew1 ,osiris1 :o left 8 =tune ( #fj1jjj1jjj francs to ! ,fr5* p & ,fr5* in/itutions1 & #fj1jjj francs to ! ,jewi% p 9 ! =m ( a copy ( ,mi*ael ,angelo's ,moses erect$ 9 ! c\rt ( ! ,jewi% ,tea*]s' ,sem9>y ( ! ,alliance ,israelite 9 ,p>is4 ,an ,au/rian ,jew1 ,taussig1 gave #a1jjj1jjj kron5 to ! ,ca?olic ,eu*>i/ ,congress 9 ,vi5na1 :ile a relative ( ! same "n left #ejj1jjj kron5 to ! ,ca?olic *ur* ) ! reque/ t on 8 ,jahr-,zeit two ,franciscan monks visit ! synagogue to pray = 8 s\l4 ,! new univ]sity 9 ,frank=t-on-,ma91 :i* co/ _m million m>ks1 is a ,jewi% univ]sity 9 s f> z l>ge p>ts ( ?is sum 7 contribut$ by ,jews4 ,mo/ ( ! contributors 7 ,jews :o 9 no way support ,jewi% in/itutions4 ,a ,prussian /ati/ician discov]$ a few ye>s ago t n only d ,jews contribute to funds = ! build+ ( monum5ts to national h]oes1 b also to funds = ,ca?olic ca!drals & o!r in/itutions t are anti-,semitic 9 "*4 ,9 ,engl& !re are hundr$s ( weal?y ,jews :o make annual contributions to ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 refus+ at ! same "t to support any ,jewi% in/itutions4 ,"l ,ro?s*ild1 :o is by no means ! ri*e/ man 9 ,engl&1 sp5ds m 9 ,new ,ye>'s gifts to v>i\s non-,jewi% classes 9 ,london ?an t5 o!r ri* lords comb9$4 ,ano!r ,engli% ,jew1 ,sir ,erne/ ,cassel1 ! son ( a ,hebrew tea*] 9 ,g]many1 has sp5t 9 ! la/ decade #a1ejj1jjj 9 ! support ( non-,jewi% in/itutions4 ,_! contributions to ,jewi% in/itutions h be5 insignificant 9 comp>ison4 ,! gift ( ^! l>ge sums is always made public1 b ! sum total ( small] gifts1 :i* are n made public1 exce$ by f> ! am\nts giv5 by v ri* ,jews to non-,jewi% in/itutions4 ,if we comp>e ! sums giv5 by s-call$ ,jewi% philan?ropi/s to ,jewi% & non-,jewi% in/itutions we discov] t !y give at lea/ five times z g5]\sly to ! non-,jewi% z to ! ,jewi%4 ,mr4 ,jacob ,h4 ,s*iff's gift ( #ejj1jjj to ,b>n>d ,college is a /rik+ in/ance4 ,at a "t :5 8 own p exp]i5c$ ! greate/ calamity 9 its hi/ory1 :5 millions ( ,jews 7 />v+1 & :5 ,jewi% blood 0 be+ %$ freely1 ,s*iff gave #ajj1jjj = ,jewi% relief purposes & five times z mu* to a s+le in/itution = ! erection ( "o build+ 9 ,new ,york4 ,?is is ! usual proportion t m>ks ! giv+ ( ,jews to ,jewi% & non-,jewi% in/itutions4 ,we ?9k t ! =m ( brib]y :i* ! oppress$ ,jews practice to mollify _! oppressors is sad en\gh z a comm5t>y on ,jewi% life4 ,b ! m o/5tati\s =m ( brib]y--a =m ( gift be/[al :i* seeks to hide ! giv]'s id5tity z a ,jew or at lea/ to pur*ase p>don = 8 ,jewi%ness--is ! great] trag$y4 ,^! ,jews sp5d millions to make ! _w =get !y are ,jews1 b ! _w rememb]s & laughs up its sleeve4 ,,! ,,true ,,mean+ ,,( ,,jewi% ,,univ]salism ,9 ! c\rse ( ! long controv]sy betwe5 ,jewi% nationali/s & oppon5ts ( ,jewi% nationalism _m h come to believe t ^? :o oppose nationalism /& = univ]sal ,judaism1 especially s9ce ! anti-nationali/s call !mselves ,jewi% univ]sali/s4 ,aft] ! publication ( ! decl>ation ( ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t ) reg>d to ,pale/9e ! ma9 anti-nationali/ic spokesman 9 ,am]ica1 ,dr4 ,philipson ( ,c9c9nati1 summ$ up 8 negative attitude to ,zionism ) ! %ort s5t5ce1 ,i /& by my ,jewi% univ]salism4 ,"o ev5 he>s p f ! radical camp ( ! left proclaim+ _! ,jewi% univ]salism4 ,! impression has ?us be5 creat$ t :ile ! nationali/s /& = a petty1 prov9cial conception ( ,judaism1 !y1 ! anti-nationali/s1 advocate a broad-m9d$ univ]salism4 ,we deem x opportune to exam9e ?is ,jewi% univ]salism1 :i* is play$ up today aga9/ ! nationali/ic ef=ts ( our p to re-e/abli% a ,homel& 9 ,pale/9e & to see h[ f> x is s9c]e 9 its motives & compatible ) ,jewi% tradition1 & h[ f> x is intellectual cam\flage4 ,we ?9k x r curi\s t ^? :o claim to be ,jewi% univ]sali/s--! radical ,re=m rabbis & assimilationi/s f o!r camps--always lay /ress on ,am]ican1 ,g]man1 ,fr5* or ,engli% ,judaism1 & (t5 speak ( ! ,am]ican ,jewi% ,*ur* or ! ,engli% ,jewi% ,*ur*1 & s =?4 ,x is also rem>kable t ^! ,jewi% univ]sali/s h always work$ = a readju/m5t ( ,judaism to local conditions & h tri$ to ,am]icanize ,judaism 9 ,am]ica1 to ,g]manize x 9 ,g]many1 to ,anglicize x 9 ,engl&1 to ,magy>ize x 9 ,hung>y1 & s =?4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ^? :o 7 consid]$ z /&+ = a petty1 prov9cial conception ( ,judaism1 ! nationali/s1 h n only nev] tri$ to d any?+ ( ! sort b h always def5d$ ! int]ritoriality & ca?olicity ( ,judaism4 ,"o nev] he>s a ,jewi% nationali/ "h or abroad speak+ ( an ,am]ican ,jewi% ,*ur* or an ,engli% ,jewi% ,*ur*1 & s =?4 ,x seems to u t 9 view ( ^! facts ! sort ( univ]sal ,judaism z proclaim$ by ! assimilationi/s is ( r d\btful orig9 & "* & t x is ev]y?+ b univ]sal1 = x is t]ritorial & prov9cial to ! core4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ,re=m ,judaism z e/abli%$ by ! ,re=m rabbis 9 ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 & develop$ by ,am]ican rabbis at ! end ( ! n9ete5? c5tury & ! beg9n+ ( ! tw5tie?1 is ! fir/ gigantic attempt to break ! ca?olicism ( ,judaism & to t]ritorialize x1 t is to say1 to annihilate its organic unity4 ,re=m ,judaism is 9 fact no?+ else b t]ritorialism 9 religi\s t]ms1 j z ,yiddi%ism is a t]ritorialism 9 l+ui/ic t]ms4 ,^? :o divide ,judaism geographically & claim t ea* "p has little or no?+ to d ) ! o!r1 & t ea* "p is organically connect$ only ) its surr\nd+s1 t !re is su* a ?+ z ,am]ican ,judaism1 ,engli% ,judaism1 ,g]man ,judaism1 ,fr5* ,judaism1 & s on1 /& = ! same policy z d ! ,yiddi%i/s1 :o divide ! ,jewi% p into t5 or fifte5 sep>ate gr\ps1 claim+ t e gr\p is a unit by itself & has no?+ to d ) ! o!rs4 ,accord+ to ,yiddi%i/s ! ,lad9o-speak+ ,jew has sc>cely any?+ 9 common ) ! ,judeo-,g]man-speak+ ,jew1 j z ! ,arabic or ,greek-speak+ ,jews h little or no?+ 9 common ) ! ,lad9o or ,yiddi%-speak+ ,jews4 ,"s express _! ,jewi% t]ritorialism & prov9cialism 9 t]ms ( religion1 ! o!rs 9 t]ms ( language4 ,bo? are oppon5ts ( ,jewi% unity & ,jewi% ca?olicism1 bo? are oppos$ to traditional ,judaism1 bo? are oppos$ to ,jewi% nationalism t is organically connect$ ) ,hebrew1 & bo? are1 ( c\rse1 oppos$ to a ,hebrew ,pale/9e4 ,:y ^! p1 :o1 z we h se51 /& = t]ritoriali/ic ,judaism in/ead ( univ]sal1 %\ld call !mselves ,jewi% univ]sali/s1 we are at a loss to und]/&4 ,! fact t _! notion ( ,god is z colorless & pale z t ( ! ,unit>ians1 & ! fact t _! conception ( e?ics1 especially ( ,jewi% e?ics1 is z bloodless & vague z t ( ! rationali/s ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 gives !m sc>cely any "r to call !mselves ,jewi% univ]sali/s & to ass]t t !y /& = univ]sal ,judaism4 ,our only consolation is t ?is sort ( t]ritoriali/ic ,judaism t goes "u ! false m>k ( univ]sal ,judaism is n ! inv5tion ( ! ,re=m rabbis1 nor t ( ! ,yiddi%i/s1 b is z old z ,judaism itself4 ,all :o h c>efully pag$ ! hi/ory ( our p "k t !re always 0 a ,jewi% m9ority f "t immemorial t /ood = a t]ritoriali/ic ,judaism1 & if !re is any diff]5ce 9 pr9ciple betwe5 ! ,judeans & ,israelites ?is diff]5ce consi/s 9 t ! ,judeans always /ood = univ]sal ,judaism1 :ile ! ,israelites /ood = a t]ritoriali/ic ,judaism4 ,! ,judeans 7 :at ! nationali/s are today--traditional1 cons]vative & nationali/ic1 :ile ! ,israelites 7 re=m]s1 assimilationi/s & t]ritoriali/s4 ,! ,judeans advocat$ a ,pale/9ian & ,hebrew ,judaism1 :ile ! ,israelites always oppos$ x & 7 satisfi$ ev5 ) ! ,temple outside ( ,pale/9e4 ,! fir/ radical re=m]1 assimilationi/ & t]ritoriali/ 0 n ,abraham ,geig]1 b ,j]oboam ,b5 ,nebat4 ,! ,judeans1 advocat+ a ,pale/9ian & ,hebrew ,judaism1 produc$ ! true1 great prophets1 ! prophets ( tru? & ju/ice1 :ile ! ,israelites produc$ ! false prophets1 :o misl$ ! p & display$ religi\s & moral cam\flage4 ,! notion ( a univ]sal ,god1 ( a univ]sal morality & ( ! bro!rhood ( man1 ! fundam5tal tea*+s ( ,jewi% univ]salism1 h n be5 creat$ by ! prophets ( ! ,israelites1 ! false univ]sali/s1 b by ! prophets ( ,judea1 ! nationali/ic prophets4 ,^! great nationali/ic prophets1 :o alone made ,judaism t trem5d\s =ce 9 hi/ory & :o1 by _! g5ius1 secur$ immortality = our religion & e?ics1 mu/ turn 9 _! grave :5 !y he> ! false prophets ( today claim+ !m z _! witnesses4 ,! tea*+s ( our great prophets h be5 di/ort$ & falsifi$ by _m ( our enemies & oppon5ts1 b none has falsifi$ & di/ort$ !m m ?an ! repres5tatives ( ! s-call$ univ]sal ,judaism ( today1 because our great prophets1 :o 7 at ! same "t great ,jewi% /atesm51 taught ! doctr9e ( ! inde/ructible ,jewi% nation & ! immortality ( our p z a p1 & !y 7 s extreme 9 _! nationalism & nationali/ic conception ( ,judaism t !y dreamt ( ! ,jewi% nation to be ! glory ( all ! peoples ( ! e>? & ! c5t] ( all t is good & great & beautiful 9 humanity4 ,we d\bt :e!r !re are _m ,jewi% nationali/s today ^: nationali/ic feel+s run z high z did ^? ( our great prophets :om ,jewi% univ]sali/s claim z _! *ief witnesses = _! falsifi$ ,judaism4 ,x 0 ! great ,hebrew prophets ( old :o fir/ f\ght aga9/ t]ritorializ+ ,judaism & :o f\ght aga9/ ! attempt to ,yiddi%ize x 9 "o =m or ano!r4 ,!y all /ood = ! pure1 traditional1 ,pale/9ian & ,hebrew ,judaism4 ,!y 7 bitt] aga9/ ,ephraim1 because ,ephraim /ood = :at ! ,israelites /& = today3 ,ubi b5e1 ibi patria--,:]e ,i d well !re is my fa!rl&4 ,t ! ,judeans & n ! ,israelites 7 "r 9 _! conception ( ,judaism c be se5 f ! fate ( bo?4 ,israel disappe>$1 swept away by ! /orm ( hi/ory1 :ile ,judea rema9$4 ,x is only a pity t all ( ! ,israelites did n disappe> also =1 if !y did1 we w\ld h no ,israelites today 9 our mid/1 & ,god kn[s t ! ,israelites ( today are unnecess>y ,jews & t ^? :o claim a mission = ,israel h no mission at all4 ,! ,jewi% univ]salism advocat$ today by all ^? :o /& = ! dis9tegration & det]ioration ( ,judaism is n univ]salism1 & if its advocates are any?+1 !y are ,jewi% nihili/s1 because ,judaism is nihil to !m--no p1 no race1 no nation1 no religion1 no tradition1 b---- ,,! ,,burd5 ,,( ,,tradition ,! ph5om5al tempo made by ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 prep>ation = ! w> is a v int]e/+ ph5om5on ( our "t4 ,:at ,engl& did 9 _m ye>s ( /ruggle ,am]ica has a*iev$ )9 a few weeks4 ,x took ,engl& m ?an a ye> & a half be=e %e saw h] way cle> to resort to compulsory s]vice1 & x requir$ _m we>y mon?s to organize ! adm9i/rative bran* ( ! w> s]vice & to place ! c\ntry on a solid w> foot+4 ,ev5 c\ntries ) long milit>y traditions1 su* z ,france1 ,italy1 ,au/ria1 & ev5 ,g]many1 _h to /ruggle long be=e !y 7 9 ! w> ) bo? feet4 ,am]ica1 ?\gh unmilit>i/ic1 did all t )9 a v %ort "t4 ,ov] night !re 0 a national army 9 ,am]ica4 ,! economic life ( ! c\ntry adapt$ itself to w> conditions1 & ev]y?+ to conduct a w> on an unhe>d-( scale 0 creat$ )9 a few mon?s4 ,t a non-milit>i/ic c\ntry l ,am]ica c\ld adapt itself to w> conditions )9 su* a %ort "t mu/ puzzle e obs]v]1 & x w be a puzzle to ! hi/orian ( ! future1 also1 unless he recognizes ! t\*/one ( ,am]ican g5ius z display$ at pres5t4 ,?is t\*/one is ! abs5ce ( long hi/orical traditions4 ,we ,jews1 :o are prep>+ ourselves to />t a new life z a nation1 ought to le>n 9 ?is respect4 ,we h old traditions ( our own & we are burd5$ ) a great _m non-,jewi% traditions 9 addition1 = we h liv$ 9 ! la/ two ?\s& ye>s 9 ! ,diaspora & among ^? p ^: life has be5 %ap$ by ?\ghts & ! _s ( anci5t ,rome4 ,! ,european /ate t is today und]go+ a crisis z nev] be=e is ! inh]itance ( old ,rome4 ,! entire sy/em ( ,european politics is ,roman 9 orig94 ,int]national political relations c be trac$ to anci5t ,roman orig94 ,a comp>ison betwe5 ! hi/ory ( ! int]national relations ( anci5t ,rome & t ( any ,european /ate dur+ ! la/ five hundr$ ye>s w cle>ly %[ t ! int]national political movem5ts 9 ,europe = ! la/ c5turies h _! p>allel 9 int]national political movem5ts ( anci5t ,rome4 ,all ! sev]e criticisms level$ by ,montesquieu aga9/ anci5t ,rome are /ill timely today4 ,all bran*es ( ! activities ( ! ,european /ate1 civil adm9i/rations1 jurisdiction1 matt]s milit>y1 =eign affairs1 & s on1 are m or less remnants ( anci5t ,roman civilization4 ,9 %ort1 we h to be consci\s ( ! fact t ! life ( ! ,jewi% p 9 ,europe 0 liv$ amid a sy/em ( ,roman civilization4 ,! old ,jewi% prea*]s1 :o *>act]iz$ our pres5t ,diaspora life z ,golu?-,rome1 knew :at !y 7 talk+ ab\t1 ?\gh !y c\ld n exactly expla9 :y !y *>act]iz$ our pres5t ,golu? z ,roman 9 nature4 ,s9ce we h liv$ = two ?\s& ye>s 9 ?is sy/em ( civilization1 x goes )\t say+ t we h be5 greatly influ5c$ by x & t we ourselves are def9itely subject to ,roman traditions 9 addition to our own4 ,traditions sometimes /r5g!n a nation1 b !y also may weak5 x4 ,! mo/ traditional p 9 ! _w1 ! ,*9ese1 are practically ! weake/1 :ile ! mo/ non-traditional p1 ! ,am]icans1 are today ! be/ fitt$ = mod]n life4 ,national traditions1 ( c\rse1 _c be ca/ away ov] night4 ,9 ! ,diaspora old & g5u9e ,jewi% traditions 7 ! life-giv] ( our p4 ,!y 7 ! ma9 =ce t pres]v$ u f annihilation1 z long z we 7 fac+ ! problem1 ,h[ c we be/ pres]ve our national exi/5ce8 ,today1 h[ev]1 we are n only fac+ ! problem ( pres]v+ our national exi/5ce1 b also t ( rebuild+ our nation & reorganiz+ our p s z to make its future safe4 ,s9ce ! entire ,jewi% problem has *ang$ s radically1 our attitude to ! complex ,jewi% traditions mu/ *ange4 ,we _c possibly use ! same me?ods 9 rebuild+ our national exi/5ce z 9 pres]v+ our nation4 ,! two diff]5t problems ne$ two diff]5t positions4 ,j z ,*9a is a t]rify+ example ( :at slav]y to tradition c d to a nation1 s is ,am]ica an edify+ example ( :at traditions c d 9 /r5g!n+ a nation4 ,a nation does n live to uphold traditions only2 & :]e1 in/ead ( help+ a nation1 traditions h&icap x1 !y w be sup]c$$ by new traditions to be creat$ by national de$s4 ,we d n want to describe our future life 9 ,pale/9e1 = we are today unable to d s4 ,we are only anxi\s to lay /ress ^u ! fact t :at we h call$ our traditions 9 ,diaspora life w probably h to be revis$ 9 a ,jewi% ,pale/9e4 ,life is mu* /rong] ?an ! ,book & ! pr9ciple d]iv$ f ! ,book4 ,9 ! ,diaspora x 0 ! pr9ciple ( ! ,book t %ap$ our life1 because x help$ to pres]ve x4 ,9 ,pale/9e1 :]e !re w be an active ,jewi% life1 ,jewi% life itself mu/ "w out its own pr9ciples4 ,?is is :at we %\ld be> 9 m9d1 :e!r we are or?odox or free-?9k]s4 ,we mu/ g to ,pale/9e ) ! consci\sness ( fre$om & n ) ! feel+ t we are ! creatures ( traditions4 ,we w h to free ourselves n only f _m ,roman traditions t 0 mo/ wor?y 9 ! ,diaspora1 b w be sup]flu\s 9 ,pale/9e4 ,! future ,jewi% ,/ate 9 ,pale/9e w draw its /r5g? f ,jewi% life & n f pr9ciples ( ! ,book2 x w be free f all inorganic traditions :i* we h acquir$ dur+ our long life 9 ! ,diaspora1 & f ^? traditions :i* 7 un-,jewi% 9 nature4 ,,:at ,,is ,,! ,,jewi% ,,mission8 ,9 view ( ! rise ( ,jewi% nationalism dur+ ! la/ decade1 especially dur+ ! w>1 x is und]/&able :y ! fancy ( ! ,jewi% masses %\ld be direct$ to ! future ( ! ,jewi% ,/ate 9 ,pale/9e & t q premature que/ions z to ! =m & "* ( ! ,jewi% ,/ate %\ld be ask$4 ,!re are no prophets n[adays4 ,no s]i\s-m9d$ man w\ld ev5 d>e to anticipate ! developm5t ( _m g5]ations & attempt to =esee ! "* ( ! "t :i* is deeply en%r\d$ 9 ! bosom ( ! future4 ,sociology has n yet discov]$ laws ) ! help ( :i* "o c pr$ict future mat]ial happ5+s4 ,nev]!less1 s]i\s-m9d$ ,jews1 especially nationali/s1 %\ld give a ?\ght to ! "q ( possible future developm5ts & %\ld ask !mselves 9 :i* direction !y h decid$ to g4 ,an unequivocal answ] to ?is "q w help to cl>ify matt]s & w deprive ! enemy ( _m ( ! weapons :i* he is always ready to use aga9/ u4 ,:5 ,!odor ,h]zl appe>$ be=e ! ,zioni/ ,congress 9 #aijf ) 8 fam\s ,ug&a proposition1 ! ,jewi% p 0 amaz$4 ,h[ c\ld a man l ,!odor ,h]zl1 ^: love = ,pale/9e 0 beyond d\bt1 propose to ! ,jews to settle 9 ,ea/ ,africa1 on a /ret* ( t]ritory n only outside ! pale ( ,jewi% traditions b ev5 outside ! pale ( civilization8 ,if x _h be5 a "q only ( enabl+ ! !n badly p]secut$ ,russian ,jews to emigrate to o!r c\ntries :]e !y c\ld live 9 relative fre$om & happ9ess1 7 !re n pl5ty ( civiliz$ c\ntries :]e ! ,jews c\ld f9d a refuge8 ,^! & simil> que/ions 7 rais$ aft] ,h]zl br\ght =? ! ,ug&a proposal4 ,b ^? :o 7 on intimate t]ms ) ! great lead] lat] expla9$ ?is app>5tly /range mood4 ,x 0 9 #aijc t von ,plehve began 8 policy ( pogroms1 & f #aijc to #aijf hundr$s ( pogroms 7 p]petrat$ aga9/ ! ,jews 9 ,russia & ,pol&4 ,!odor ,h]zl1 :o witness$ ! developm5t ( ! tragic ,dreyfus affair & :o _h "s exp]i5ce ) we/]n ,european anti-,semitism1 knew p]fectly well ! prevail+ hatr$ aga9/ ! ,jews ev]y:]e1 b he c\ld n imag9e t a ,*ri/ian ,/ate1 =m+ a memb] ( ! family ( nations1 %\ld 9 ! tw5tie? c5tury resort to su* b>b>ities z pogroms1 9 ord] to c>ry out its anti-,semitic policy4 ,man ( delicate & f9e feel+s z he 01 he became s disgu/$ ) ! situation & s d[nhe>t$ on acc\nt ( ^! pogroms t1 9 a mom5t ( despair1 he said to himself1 ,we w\ld r live among ! ,hott5tots & o!r savages 9 ,africa ?an among ! civiliz$ ,*ri/ian nations 9 ,europe4 ,! entire ,ug&a proposition c be und]/ood z an expression ( disgu/ ) ,european civilization on ! "p ( our great ,jewi% /atesman & arti/4 ,9 %ort1 ,ug&a 0 a l\d prote/ aga9/ ,*ri/ian civilization & ,*ri/ian political me?ods4 ,9 a less] degree ,zionism1 also1 is p>tly a prote/ aga9/ ,european ,*ri/ian civilization1 :i* is an inh]itance ( anci5t ,rome4 ,we want to g back to ,pale/9e n only because we want to live a national life ( our own !re1 b also because we are utt]ly repell$ by ,european civilization & because we d n believe 9 a civilization t leads to ! murd] & pillage ( entire nations & ! reign ( horror & brutal might4 ,we are disgu/$ ) ?is civilization because we d n believe t might is "r1 because we d n believe 9 ! political h]itage ( anci5t ,rome4 ,we _c say :e!r or n e nationali/ic ,jew is consci\s ( ?is fact1 b ! consci5ti\s hi/orian :o does n believe 9 ! inh]itance ( ,rome w c]ta9ly ascribe ! revival ( ,jewi% nationalism n only to ! national memories ( ! ,jews1 b also to ! radical diff]5ce betwe5 ,jewi% & ,roman political ideas & ideals & to ! diff]5ce 9 ! concept ( life ( ! ,jew & ^? :o live on ! political inh]itance ( anci5t ,rome4 ,we1 = "o1 firmly believe t ,zionism1 9 spite ( its purely political aspects1 has ! e?ical consci\sness ( ! ,jewi% nation z its basis & z its driv+ p[]2 ,zionism is ?us to our m9d n only a political1 b also an e?ical movem5t--or ev5 a revolution>y movem5t1 9 ! s5se t ! ,jewi% p revolts aga9/ a sy/em ( civilization f :i* n only entire humanity has suff]$1 b f :i* x has suff]$ mo/4 ,n[1 s9ce ,zionism is also an e?ical movem5t1 "o c easily see to :at its realization %\ld lead4 ,?\gh ! ,jewi% p liv$ 9 a ,europe dom9at$ by ,roman ideas = two ?\s& ye>s1 x did n become an adh]5t ( ! ,roman s*ool ( ?\ght4 ,we h rema9$ ,jews1 /ill *]i%+ ,jewi% ideals ( ju/ice & equity1 & we mean to g back to ,pale/9e n z ,europeans1 b z ,jews pure & simple4 ,x _c possibly be our desire to erect 9 ,pale/9e su* a sy/em ( civilization & to e/abli% !re su* an ord] ( ?+s z h creat$ ! pres5t /ate ( affairs 9 ,europe4 ,we are go+ to ,pale/9e n only to beg9 a new national life1 b also to create a new sy/em ( civilization4 ,?is is ! ju/ification ( ,zionism f a broad e?ical po9t ( view4 ,we are go+ to realize !re n ! old ,roman inh]itance b ! old ,jewi% inh]itance4 ,we h = ! la/ #b1ejj ye>s _h a political philosophy ( our own1 a political philosophy t is j ! opposite ( ! ,roman political philosophy4 ,we believe t ! political philosophy ( ! old prophets is j z human & at lea/ z ne> to reality z ! political philosophy ( ! anci5t ,romans1 & we believe t our national political philosophy1 :i* consid]s m5 n only z physical be+s b also intellectual & spiritual be+s & urges !m to live up to _! spiritual & intellectual nature1 is at lea/ z s\nd z ! "o-sid$ ,roman political philosophy1 :i* takes into acc\nt only ! physical nature ( man & h5ce tea*es t might is "r4 ,x is our firm conviction t ,jewi% national ideals ( old1 ?\gh buri$ 9 books = ! la/ two ?\s& ye>s1 c be turn$ into reality & be appli$ to life4 ,?is is :at we are go+ to d 9 ,pale/9e4 ,b1 p w ask1 if ! ,jewi% ideals are bas$ on life's reality1 :y did n ! ,jewi% p succe$ 9 mak+ its ideals a =ce 9 life :5 x liv$ on its own soil & enjoy$ indep5d5ce8 ,to ?is we reply t ! anci5t ,jewi% g5ius1 :i* devis$ su* gr& plans ( life1 fail$1 = reasons :i* we _c enum]ate "h1 to create ! te*nique & me?ods1 ) ! help ( :i* ^! gr& plans c\ld h be5 c>ri$ out4 ,! ,romans1 on ! o!r h&1 inv5t$ a wond]ful te*nique ( life1 b fail$ to devise a plan ( life :i* w\ld make life m wor? liv+ ?an x is n[4 ,we h liv$ "u ! sy/em ( ,roman civilization = ne>ly two ?\s& ye>s4 ,we h n be5 imbu$ ) ,roman ideals4 ,we h n accept$ ! ,roman doctr9e ( life1 b we h le>n$ a great deal f ,roman te*nique1 & we are !re=e n[ equipp$ ) bo?--) ! ,jewi% ideali/ic traditions & ) ! exp]i5ces ( ,roman civilization & ,roman te*nique4 ,n[ we are 9 a position to apply our ideals ( old to life1 because we possess ! me?ods & ! te*nique ( ! application4 ,we "k today a great deal ab\t adm9i/rative & con/itutional te*nique1 ( :i* our ance/ors knew next to no?+4 ,we "k today a great deal ab\t organization1 ( :i* our ance/ors _h n ! slighte/ idea4 ,hav+ gone ?r\gh ! ,roman s*ool1 we today "k some?+ ab\t organization & ?is k ( organization we are go+ to apply to our political traditions1 to our philosophy ( life2 we are go+ to create 9 ,pale/9e t syn!sis ( civilization :i* w be ,jewi% to ! core 9 its cont5ts & ,roman 9 %ape & =m4 ,might w n be "r1 because man is n only a physical b also an intellectual & spiritual be+4 ,ju/ice & equity w be ?or\ghly organiz$ & w n be left to ! consci5ce ( ! ideali/ic individual only1 z 0 ! case 9 anci5t ,judea4 ,:e!r ! future ,jewi% ,/ate 9 ,pale/9e w be a republic or a mon>*y does n matt]4 ,! =m ( gov]nm5t nev] te/ifies to ! s\ndness ( ! /ate2 !re are good mon>*ies & bad republics4 ,"o ?+ is z cle> z day3 ,if !re is go+ to be a ,jewi% ,pale/9e1 x w be a l& ( ju/ice & fre$om1 :]e "r w prevail & :]e ! dem&s ( ! _s w be compli$ )4 ,all =ms ( life w h to be diff]5t f :at !y are 9 ! pale ( ,roman civilization4 ,?\ %alt be a light unto ! nations4 ,?is mu/ be our ambition4 ,jews z individuals c accompli% v little = ,judaism1 _c help to realize its ideals & _c possibly make x a =ce 9 life4 ,= two ?\s& ye>s we h liv$ 9 ! ,diaspora z individuals1 & :at did we accompli% = ! realization ( our old ideals1 ( :i* we are s pr\d8 ,no?+4 ,only feeble-m9d$ rabbis1 :o are con/antly talk+ ( ! mission ( ,judaism )\t kn[+ :at !y are talk+ ab\t1 c speak ( ! mission ( ! ,jews 9 ! face ( ! pres5t cata/rophe4 ,jews z individuals _c h any ,jewi% mission 9 life1 b a p c1 if x is inspir$ by ideals4 ,:at we h fail$ to d z individuals = two ?\s& ye>s--to make humanity recognize t ! political philosophy ( ! old prophets is mu* /rong] ?an t ( ! old ,romans--we may be able to realize 9 ,pale/9e z a p4 ,x is only ) reluctance t we use ! mu* abus$ phrase1 ,jewi% mission1 b if !re is su* a ?+ z ! ,jewi% mission1 x w only be realiz$ :5 ! ,jews are reorganiz$ z a p on ! soil ( _! ance/ors & lead su* a life z to ju/ify ! pr$iction ( ! prophet ( old3 ,?\ %alt be a light unto ! nations4 ,?is is ! true mean+ ( ! ,jewi% mission4 ,?is & no?+ else4