,,! ,,life ,,& ,,leg5ds ,,( ,,sa9t      
,,francis ,,( ,,assisi  ,,translat$ ,,f 
,,! ,,fr5* ,,( ,,fa!r ,,c&ide ,,*alippe1
 ,o4,f4,m4  ,,revis$ ,,& ,,re-,,edit$   
,,by ,,fa!r ,,hil>ion ,,du]k1 ,o4,f4,m4 
,imprimatur ,,fa!r ,,samuel ,,macke     
,o4,f4,m4 ,m94 ,prov4 ,/4 ,l\is         
,septemb] #a1 #aiag  ,nihil ob/at       
,,ar?ur ,j4 ,,scanlan1 ,s4,t4,d4 ,c5sur 
,libr>um  ,imprimatur ,,john ,,c>d9al   
,,f>ley ,new ,york  ,?is ,jubilee       
,edition ( ! ,life & ,leg5ds ( ,/4      
,francis ( ,assisi is ,respectfully     
,d$icat$ to all ,memb]s ( ! ,?ird ,ord] 
9 ! ,city ( ,clevel& & ,vic9ity1 above  
all1 to ! ,nobel ,patrons & ,zeal\s     
,work]s ( ,our ,t]ti>y ,bran*es4        
,,introductory ,,note  ,! ,life &       
,leg5ds ( ,/4 ,francis ( ,assisi by     
,fa!r ,c&ide ,*alippe1 ,o4,f4,m41 ne$ no
 apology4 ,! "w 0 fir/ publi%$ at ,p>is 
9 #agbg4 ,x is n only well writt5 &     
reliable )al1 b also in/ructive1 elevat+
 & inspir+4 ,! facts & leg5ds m5tion$   
are drawn f ! olde/ & mo/ reliable      

s\rces4 ,! abundance ( incid5ts &       
anecdotes n to be f\nd else:]e make !   
volume em95tly int]e/+1 :ile !          
reflexions & applications :i* ! au?or n[
 & !n int]weaves ) ! n>rative are s     
replete ) practical h9ts on spiritual   
life1 t !y w und\bt$ly produce ! be/    
spiritual results 9 ! read]4 ,! /yle    
?\gh simple1 at times graphic1 is v     
pleas+2 ! n>rative fl[s on ) equal ease 
& fre$om4  ,9 #aheb a prie/ f ! ,oratory
 ( ,/4 ,philip ,n]i made a translation  
into ,engli% f :at 0 !n ! late/ ,fr5*   
edition4 ,?is ,fr5* edition came f !    
press 9 #ahej4 ,) ! ,engli% translation 
! orig9al "w appe>$ 9 an abridg$ =m4 ,! 
orig9al "w is divid$ into six books1 !  
,engli% translation conta9s b half ( ^!1
 s re>rang$ = ! sake ( cle>ness t !y =m 
five books4 ,mo/ elucidations ( !       
orig9al "w reg>d+ *>act]i/ics ( ,/4     
,francis1 ev5ts & dates t are d\btful1  
are omitt$1 likewise mo/ ( ! writ+s (   
,/4 ,francis4 ,! =m] 7 & /ill are       
und]go+ *anges1 ow+ to new hi/orical    

rese>*es & discov]ies made by /ud5ts (  
,franciscan s\rces1 :ile ! latt] 7 b    
lately aga9 newly translat$ into ,engli%
 & edit$ z completely z possible ) _m   
critical notes & ref]5ces ( great value 
by ! s*ol>ly ,fa!r ,pas*al ,rob9son1    
,o4,f4,m4--,! ,writ+s ( ,/4 ,francis (  
,assisi by ,fa!r ,pas*al ,rob9son1      
,o4,f4,m4 ,! ,dolph9 ,press1 #aijf4  ,! 
m>vell\s progress ! ,?ird ,ord] ( ,/4   
,francis is mak+ 9 ?is c\ntry causes !  
/ory ( ! life ( ,/4 ,francis t is h]e)  
pres5t$ to ! public 9 a newly revis$    
edition to be especially welcome4 ,= all
 ,t]ti>ies "k t m]e devotion to ,/4     
,francis is ( itself n suffici5t to     
acquire ! _s ( _! ,s]aphic ,fa!r2 all   
are aw>e t memb]%ip 9 ! ,?ird ,ord] does
 n necess>ily argue ! possession ( ?is  
_s--& yet1 e real ,t]ti>y desires no?+ m
 ?an to acquire ! poor1 humble1 lov+ _s 
( ,/4 ,francis4 ,?is _s c sc>cely be    
acquir$1 unless ! life ( ,/4 ,francis be
 well kn[n1 m$itat$ ^u & imitat$ z f> z 
practicable4 ,! ,life & ,leg5ds ( ,/4   

,francis ( ,assisi by ,fa!r ,c&ide      
,*alippe1 ,o4,f4,m41 is peculi>ly adapt$
 to help ,t]ti>ies to p]=m ?is task2 !  
_s ( ,/4 ,francis brea!s 9 e page4 ,n   
once1 b sev]al times may ,t]ti>ies read 
?is book to great advantage4 ,) e read+ 
new items ( int]e/ w be discov]$1 new   
lessons w pres5t !mselves to be le>nt1  
new inspirations w be imp>t$ to ! s\l f 
above4 ,! m ?is book is read1 ! m x w be
 lov$2 ! m x is /udi$1 ! m x w be       
admir$4 ,= ,t]ti>ies a book ( ?is k9d is
 a necessity2 x is z necess>y = !m z a  
text-book is = a s*ol>4  ,may ?is       
wond]ful "w spread 9 ! future ev5 m     
rapidly ?an be=e1 may x receive ! he>ty 
welcome x des]ves among ! innum]able    
,t]ti>ies & cli5ts ( ,/4 ,francis (     
,assisi & be to !m a sure guide to      
,god's abundant graces 9 ?is _w & to    
life ev]la/+ 9 ! next4     ,,preface    
,,by ,,! ,,au?or  ,,:]e9 ,,!            
,,prejudices ,,( ,,c]ta9 ,,p]sons       
,,aga9/ ,,miracles ,,:i* ,,are ,,record$
 ,,9 ,,! ,,lives ,,( ,,! ,,sa9ts ,,are  

,,%[n ,,to ,,be ,,bo? ,,unreasonable ,,&
 ,,dang]\s1 ,,& ,,t ,,! ,,miracles      
,,attribut$ ,,to ,,sa9t ,,francis ,,are 
,,v ,,well ,,au!nticat$4   ,a v common  
fail+ among/ m5 is to adopt "o extreme 9
 ! endeavor to avoid ano!r1 & sometimes 
n to p]ceive t ! extreme into :i* !y    
fall is great] ?an t :i* !y _h s\ght to 
flee f4 ,to insure !mselves aga9/ weak  
incr$ulity1 "s h imbib$ su* prejudice   
aga9/ ! miracles 9 ! ,lives ( ! ,sa9ts1 
t !y _c endure to he> ( !m2 ! v ideas ( 
miracles1 revelations1 ec/asies1        
visions1 app>itions1 are hateful &      
disgu/+ to !m2 all t is said on ^!      
subjects !y look ^u z fabul\s &         
incr$ible2 !y call 9 "q ! mo/ und5iable 
evid5ce1 or attribute ^! wond]s to      
natural & unkn[n causes4 ,! wond]s :i*  
are record$ 9 ! ,life ( ,/1 ,francis1   
af=d an opportunity ( grappl+ ) ^!      
prejudices4  ,9 ! fir/ place1 no man us+
 8 "r reason w reject ! wond]s record$ 9
 ! ,lives ( ! ,sa9ts1 because ( _!      
impossibility4 ,miracles are extraord9>y

 ev5ts1 :i* break ?r\gh ! laws ( nature1
 & exce$ ! =ce ( all natural causes2 x  
is only necess>y to make use ( our      
reason to be aw>e t ,god1 ^: p[] is     
inf9ite1 hav+ freely e/abli%$ ^! laws1  
may1 :5ev] ,he ?9ks fit1 break ?r\gh !m 
,himself by ! m9i/ry ( ,8 creatures1 :om
 ,he makes use ( z ,he pleases2 t ^!    
susp5sions may ent] into ! ext]nal      
designs ( ,8 wisdom & provid5ce1 & t !y 
occur by successive acts1 )\t !re hav+  
be5 any *ange 9 ,him1 because x is an   
act ( ,8 w :i* causes !m1 z x does e o!r
 ?+4 ,n[ ?is proves t miracles are      
possible1 & t !re is no impossibility 9 
! wond]s record$ 9 ! ,lives ( ! ,sa9ts4 
,9 ! second place1 ^! wond]s ought n to 
cause an incr$ul\s surprise 9 any       
s5sible p]son :o pays due att5tion to ! 
wond]s ( nature4 ,man1 says ,/4         
,augu/9e1 sees extraord9>y ?+s happ51 & 
he admires !m1 :ile he himself1 !       
admir]1 is a great wond]1 & a mu* great]
 miracle ?an any ?+s :i* are done by !  
int]v5tion ( man4 ,!re is no?+ m        

m>vell\s done 9 ! _w1 :i* is n less     
wond]ful ?an ! _w itself4 ,all nature is
 full ( :at is miracul\s2 we seem       
unconsci\s ( x1 because we see ^? ?+s   
daily1 & because ?is daily repetition   
l[]s !m 9 our eyes4 ,& ?is is "o reason 
:y ,god has res]v$ to ,himself o!r ?+s  
out ( ! common c\rse ( nature1 on :i*   
,he %[s ,8 p[] f "t to "t1 9 ord] t _!  
novelty may /rike u2 b :5 we consid]    
att5tively1 & ) reflection1 ! miracles  
we con/antly see1 we f9d t !y are f>    
great] ?an o!rs1 h[ev] surpris+ &       
uncommon ^! may be4  ,! holy doctor     
admits t ! prodigies :i* are out ( !    
common c\rse ( nature1 & :i* are prop]ly
 call$ miracles1 are to be view$ )      
a/oni%m5t1 s9ce !y are works ( ,god1    
wor?y ( admiration2 he only requires t !
 surprise !y cause %all be qualifi$ by a
 consid]ation ( ! wond]s ( nature1 to   
:i* he likewise gives ! "n ( miracles1 9
 a m ext5d$ s5se3 on ! same pr9ciple1 & 
a =tiori1 :at !re is surpris+ 9 !m %\ld 
n make !m appe> to u incr$ible4 ,an     

enlight5$ m9d does n believe 9 miracles 
:i* are communicat$ to him1 unless due  
pro( ( !m is adduc$2 b x is n because   
:at is wond]ful 9 !m r5d]s him          
incr$ul\s1 because he sees m m>vell\s   
?+s 9 ! univ]se & 9 himself4 ,if m5 :o  
apply !mselves to ! /udy ( nature1 are  
p]t9aci\s 9 refus+ to believe 9 !       
miracles ( ! sa9ts1 x is because !y d n 
make use ( ! light !y h receiv$1 & d n  
reason d$uctively2 !y h only s\ght to   
gratify _! curiosity1 or to ga9 cr$it = 
_! discov]ies2 & d n "s ( !m lose       
!mselves 9 _! speculations1 & become    
impi\s1 ev5 s z to recognize no o!r ,god
 ?an nature itself8  ,9 ! ?ird place1   
fai? 9 ! great my/]ies ( religion mu/   
incl9e u to believe 9 ! wond]s we read 9
 ! ,lives ( ! ,sa9ts4 ,are we1 !n1 n    
call$ ^u to say to ^? ^: prejudices we  
oppose3 ,z y belong to ! society ( !    
fai?ful1 y n only believe t ?ree ,p]sons
 make only "o ,god2 t ! ,son ( ,god 0   
made man2 t ! dead %all rise aga92 b    
also1 t ,jesus ,*ri/ becomes e day      

pres5t on our alt>s1 "u ! species (     
bread & w9e1 at ! words ( consecration2 
& y believe all ! o!r a/oni%+ wond]s t  
are propos$ to y 9 our holy religion3   
:y1 !n1 d y f9d su* repugnance 9 believ+
 ^? ( ! ,lives ( ! ,sa9ts1 :i* are f>   
inf]ior to ! =m]8  ,x is useless to say 
9 answ]1 t ^! la/ are only bas$ on human
 te/imony1 :i* we are n oblig$ to       
receive2 t ! my/]ies are prop\nd$ to u  
by ,div9e au?ority1 to :i* we are b\nd  
to submit2 = ?is is n ! "q be=e u4 ,we  
only comp>e "o wond] ) ano!r1 & we      
ma9ta9 t ! belief 9 ! "o %\ld facilitate
 ! belief 9 ! o!r4 ,9 fact1 if we       
believe ) a firm & un%ak5 fai? :at ,god1
 9 ,8 goodness1 has be5 pleas$ to effect
 = ! salvation ( all m51 & :at ,he      
cont9ues daily to effect 9 ! ,eu*>i/2   
may we n easily conv9ce ourselves t ,he 
may h giv5 extraord9>y m>ks ( ,8        
affection = 8 mo/ fai?ful s]vants8  ,9 !
 f\r? place1 simil> wond]s to ^? :i* are
 f\nd 9 ! ,lives ( ! ,sa9ts are also    
f\nd 9 ! ,holy ,scriptures4 ,raptures1  

ec/asies1 frequ5t visions & app>itions1 
cont9ual revelations1 an inf9ity (      
miracles1 miracul\s fa/s ( =ty days1 are
 ?+s record$ 9 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 
,we believe all ^! wond]ful             
circum/ances1 & we are oblig$ to believe
 !m1 al?\gh !y f> surpass our und]/&+2  
on :at1 !n1 %all we rely = ma9ta9+ t !  
wond]s record$ 9 ! ,lives ( ! ,sa9ts are
 improbable1 & t we may reasonably call 
!m 9 "q8 ,reason1 on ! contr>y1 m>ks !m 
z s mu* ! m probable & wor?y ( cr$it1 z 
we "k & believe simil> ones :i* we may n
 d\bt (4 ,*ri/ians %\ld be accu/om$ to  
:at is m>vell\s1 & require no?+ b pro(s 
= ! mo/ unusual prodigies4  ,9 ! fif?   
place1 ! promise :i* ,jesus made t ! p[]
 ( work+ miracles %\ld be giv5 to true  
believ]s1 gives au?ority to ! belief 9  
miracles 9 ! ,lives ( ! ,sa9ts4 ,am51   
am51 ,i say to y1 he t believe? 9 me1 ! 
works t ,i d he %all d also1 & great]   
?an ^! %all he d2 because ,i g to !     
,fa!r4 ,& :atsoev] y ask ! ,fa!r 9 my   
"n1 t w ,i d4 ,& ^! signs %all foll[ !m 

t believe3 ,9 my "n !y %all ca/ out     
devils2 !y %all speak ) new tongues2 !y 
%all take up s]p5ts2 & if !y %all dr9k  
any deadly ?+1 x %all n hurt !m2 !y %all
 lay _! h&s ^u ! sick1 & !y %all recov]4
  ,our ,savi\r1 accord+ to ! doctr9e ( !
 ,holy ,fa!rs1 has promis$ ! gift (     
miracles1 n to ea* "o ( ! fai?ful 9     
p>ticul>1 b to ! ,*ur* 9 g5]al2 & ,8    
promise is = all times1 :5 ! good (     
religion requires its accompli%m5t4     
,h]etics pret5d t x only relat$ to !    
days ( ! apo/les1 & t miracles 7 only   
requir$ = ! e/abli%m5t ( ! fai?4 ,:at "r
 h !y to limit ! words ( ! ,son ( ,god8 
,d !y imag9e t !y und]/& ! ,scriptures  
bett] ?an ! holy doctors8 ,h[ w !y prove
 t s9ce ! "t ( ! apo/les !re h be5 no   
comb9ations ( circum/ances 9 :i* ! good 
( religion %all h requir$ t miracles    
%\ld be p]=m$8 ,!y 7 requir$ = !        
infidels1 to :om ! ,gospel has be5      
prea*$ 9 diff]5t c5turies1 z well z = ! 
,greek & ,roman idolat]s1 to :om x 0    
fir/ ann\nc$4 ,! ,*ur* has requir$ !m to

 sil5ce ! h]etics :o h successively     
endeavor$ to impugn h] dogmas1 & to     
/r5g!n ! fai? ( h] own *ildr54 ,!y h be5
 always useful = manife/+ ! em95ce (    
virtue1 = ! glory ( ,god1 = ! conv]sion 
( s9n]s1 = reanimat+ piety1 = n\ri%+ &  
/r5g!n+ ! hopes ( ! good ?+s ( ano!r    
life4 ,we are1 !re=e1 ju/ifi$ 9 say+ t !
 promise ( ,jesus ,*ri/ is = all times1 
9 c]ta9 occasions1 & t ! belief 9 !     
miracles 9 ! ,lives ( ! ,sa9ts is       
au?oriz$ !reby4  ,9 ! six? place1 t !re 
h be5 miracles 9 ! ,lives ( ! ,sa9ts are
 facts1 ! pro(s ( :i* are unque/ionable4
 ,! ,acts ( ! ,m>tyrs1 :i* h always be5 
read 9 ! ,*ur*1 & ! g5u95ess ( :i* has  
be5 admitt$ by ! mo/ tal5t$ critics1    
conta9 recitals ( ! mo/ wond]ful ev5ts3 
! confessors ( ! fai? in/antane\sly     
cur$1 aft] hav+ und]gone ! mo/ cruel    
tortures2 wild bea/s tam$ & cr\*+ at _! 
feet2 lights & cele/ial voices1         
app>itions ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & ,8 angels1 &
 _m o!r wond]ful circum/ances4  ,9 !    
fir/ six c5turies !re are sc>cely any   

ecclesia/ical writ]s & ,holy ,fa!rs :o d
 n record miracles work$ by ! s]vants ( 
,god1 & by _! relics2 & !y speak ( !m z 
( ?+s :i* !y h ei!r se5 ) _! own eyes1  
or 7 ( public notoriety4  ,sa9t ,ju/9   
,m>tyr1 9 ! second c5tury1 speak+ ( !   
p[] ( ,jesus ,*ri/ ov] ! demons1 9 8    
,apology1 address$ to ! ,emp]ors ,m>cus 
,aurelius & ,lucius ,v]us1 & to ! ,roman
 ,s5ate1 says3 ,y h pro(s ( :at passes  
be=e y\r eyes1 & 9 y\r city1 & 9 all !  
re/ ( ! _w2 = y "k t _m ( ^? possess$1 n
 hav+ be5 able to be deliv]$ by y\r     
exorci/s1 en*ant]s1 & magicians1 h be5 s
 by ! ,*ri/ians :o h exorcis$ !m 9 ! "n 
( ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o 0 crucifi$ "u        
,pontius ,pilate4  ,sa9t ,ir5eus assures
 u t 9 ! same c5tury "s true disciples (
 ,jesus ,*ri/ _h receiv$ sup]natural    
gifts1 :i* !y made use ( advantage\sly =
 o!r m53 ,"s1 says he1 drive away       
devils2 & ?is is c]ta91 t (t5 ^? :o h   
be5 deliv]$ embrace ! fai?1 & jo9 !     
,*ur*4 ,to o!rs x is giv5 to "k !       
future1 & to h prophetic visions4 ,o!rs 

cure ! sick by ! imposition ( h&s1 &    
re/ore !m to p]fect heal?4 ,v (t51 ev5 9
 e place1 & = "s requisite cause1 !     
bre?r5 solicit1 by fa/+ & f]v5t pray]s1 
! resurrection ( a dead p]son1 & obta9  
x2 ^! dead1 ?us reviv$1 h liv$ ) u =    
sev]al ye>s aft]w>ds4 ,:at %all ,i say  
fur!r8 ,x is n possible to enum]ate !   
extraord9>y gifts :i* ! ,*ur* receives f
 ,god1 & :at %e op]ates 9 e "p ( ! _w1 9
 favor ( ! nations1 9 ! "n ( ,jesus     
,*ri/ crucifi$4  ,we c1 says ,orig51    
writ+ aga9/ ,celsus1 %[ an imm5se       
multitude ( ,greeks & b>b>ians :o       
believe 9 our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/2 !re are 
"s :o prove _! fai? by ! p[] ( work+    
miracles4 ,!y cure ! sick by invok+ _!  
,god1 ! ,creator & ! ,sov]eign ,"l ( all
 ?+s2 & ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 our        
,savi\r1 ( ^: ,gospel !y recite a "p4   
,we ourselves h se5 sev]al sick p]sons  
deliv]$ f ! mo/ =midable maladies1 & !  
cur$ are too num]\s to be c\nt$4        
,t]tullian1 9 8 ,apology1 & 9 ano!r "w1 
records pla9ly ! miracul\s fall ( ra9   

:i* 0 obta9$ f heav5 by ! pray]s ( !    
,*ri/ian soldi]s1 :i* sav$ ! army ( !   
,emp]or ,m>cus ,aurelius1 :i* 0 r$uc$ to
 ! la/ extremity4 ,he proves ! tru? (   
?is fact by ! v lett] ( ! emp]or4 ,we h 
also au!ntic pro(s ( ?is ev5t 9 ! au?ors
 & records ( paganism itself4           
,t]tullian1 likewise1 tells u t ! pagans
 receiv$ extraord9>y graces by means ( !
 ,*ri/ians1 "s ( :i* he quotes1 & he    
adds3 ,h[ _m p]sons ( di/9ction1 )\t    
m5tion+ o!r p1 h be5 ?us deliv]$ f !    
devil1 & cur$ ( _! evils6  ,/4 ,cyprian 
upbraid$ an idolat] 9 ! foll[+ t]ms1    
:ile refut+ him3 ,! gods :om y adore we 
exorcise 9 ! "n ( ! true ,god1 & !y are 
compell$ to leave ! bodies :i* !y       
possess$4 ,oh1 if y *ose to see & he>   
!m1 :5 suff]+ "u ! p[] ( our words1 z if
 !y 7 spiritual sc\rges1 & feel+ !      
secret op]ation ( ! ,div9e ,ma/]y6 ,!y  
h[l t]rifically1 entreat ( u to sp>e !m1
 decl>e1 9 pres5ce ( _! ador]s1 :5ce !y 
came1 & confess a future judgm5t4 ,come 
& be conv9c$ ( ! tru? ( :at we say2 to  

be at lea/ mov$4 ,^? :om y adore1 fe> u2
 ^? to :om y pray1 entreat ( u to sp>e  
!m2 ^? :om y rev]e z sov]eigns1 are z   
prison]s 9 our h&s1 & tremble z s _m    
slaves4 ,we int]rogate !m1 & 9 y\r      
pres5ce !y decl>e :at !y are2 !y _c     
dissemble ! impo/ures :i* !y make use ( 
to deceive y4  ,su* are ! miracles :i*  
_m ( ,god's s]vants op]at$ 9 ! second & 
?ird c5turies1 & :i* _c be call$ 9 "q4  
,h[ _m diff]5t k9ds are record$ 9       
subsequ5t times by ,/4 ,basil1 & by ,/4 
,gregory ( ,nyssa1 9 ! life ( ,/4       
,gregory ,?aumaturgus2 by ,/4 ,a?anasius
 9 ! life ( ,/4 ,an?ony2 by ,sulpicius  
,sev]us1 9 ! life ( ,/4 ,m>t92 by ,/4   
,*ryso/om1 ,/4 ,j]ome1 ,/4 ,ambrose1 ,/4
 ,augu/9e1 ,/4 ,paul9us1 9 _m p>ts ( _! 
works2 by ,!odoret1 9 8 religi\s hi/ory2
 by ,pope ,/4 ,gregory1 9 8 dialogues2  
by ,/4 ,hil>y ( ,arles1 ,/4 ,ou51 & v _m
 o!rs wor?y ( cr$it6  ,^! sa9tly & le>n$
 ,bi%ops1 ,avitus1 ,metropolitan (      
,vi5ne1 ,/eph5 ( ,lyons1 ,eon ( ,arles1 
conf]r+ ) ! ,arians1 9 pres5ce (        

,gondebauld1 ,k+ ( ! ,burgundians1 aft] 
hav+ prov$ ! consub/antiality ( ! ,^w1  
by ! te/imony ( ! ,scripture1 & by      
p[]ful argum5ts1 (f]$ to give additional
 pro( !re( by miracles1 if ! h]etics    
w\ld promise to acquiesce 9 consequ5ce2 
& quot$ ! example ( ,/4 ,remigius1      
,apo/le ( ! ,fr5*1 :o 0 !n liv+1 & sett+
 up ! fai? on ! ru9s ( idolatry by a    
multitude ( prodigies4  ,! miracles     
op]at$ by means ( relics are nei!r less 
well au!nticat$1 nor less celebrat$2 !y 
7 kn[n to ! :ole _w4 ,/4 ,augu/9e 0 an  
eyewitness ( !m2 be+ at ,milan :5 ,/4   
,ambrose discov]$1 by means ( a         
revelation1 ! spot :]e ! bodies ( ,,ss4 
,g]vasius & ,protasius repos$4 ,he saw a
 great _m miracles p]=m$ 9 ,africa by ! 
relics ( ,/4 ,/eph51 ( :i* he makes     
m5tion 9 8 book ( ! ,city ( ,god1 writt5
 = ! confutation ( ! mo/ le>n$ ( !      
pagans1 :]e9 he says t1 to quote only ^?
 op]at$ 9 ! ,dioceses ( ,calame &       
,hippo1 sev]al books w\ld n suffice4    
,nicetius1 ,bi%op ( ,treves1 writ+ to   

,clodosv9da1 or ,glot9da1 ,que5 ( !     
,lomb>ds1 to exhort h] to solicit !     
conv]sion ( ,k+ ,albo91 h] husb&1 advis$
 h] to make use ( ! visible miracles :i*
 7 op]at$ at ! tomb ( ,/ ,m>t91 & by !  
invocation ( ,/4 ,g]manus1 ,/4 ,hil>y1  
,/4 ,lupus1 ,/4 ,remigius1 & ,/4        
,m$>dus4 ,!y 7 s evid5t1 t ! h]etics d>$
 n call !m 9 "q1 & c\ld n deprive !m (  
_! spl5dor4 ,god made use ( ^! = !      
conv]sion ( k+s1 & ( ! entire nations4  
,9 all ages aft] ! six fir/ c5turies1 ! 
prodigies ( ! ,lives ( ! ,sa9ts are     
notic$ by num]\s au?ors ( all c\ntries1 
^: tal5ts1 le>n+1 probity1 hol9ess1 &   
dignity1 r5d] !m respectable to ! mo/   
se>*+ critics4 ,!y are support$ by      
incontrov]tible evid5ce1 by juridical   
depositions1 by au!ntic acts1 & by      
spl5did monum5ts :i* h be5 erect$ to _! 
memory by bi%ops1 pr9ces1 magi/rates1   
cities & k+doms to p]petuate !          
recollections ( ^! spl5did a*ievem5ts4  
,we f9d t ! sa9ts h made num]\s         
pr$ictions1 :i* h be5 ju/ifi$ by ! ev5t2

 & t1 ei!r mov$ by ! ,_s ( ,god1 or     
compell$ by ob$i5ce1 !y h admitt$ !     
sup]natural op]ations :i* !y felt 9 _!  
s\ls4 ,f9ally1 ! prodigies :i* are f\nd 
9 ! ,lives ( ! ,sa9ts h always be5      
consid]$ z indubitable facts among/ !   
fai?ful2 ! ,*ur* recognizes !m1 & !y =m 
"o ( ! objects ( _! piety & devotion2 no
 "o is plac$ 9 ! catalogue ( sa9ts ^:   
sanctity has n be5 atte/$ f heav51 by   
means ( miracles2 & %e takes su* rigor\s
 precautions1 & c>ries _! /rictness s   
f>1 t1 accord+ to all human prud5ce1 x  
is impossible %e %\ld be deceiv$4  ,we  
n[ ask :e!r x c be p]mitt$ to ?9k & to  
say t su* facts are absolutely false1 & 
%\ld only be look$ ^u z fables unwor?y (
 cr$5ce8 ,9 su* case x w\ld be necess>y 
to abrogate ! rule judici\sly &         
univ]sally receiv$ 9 ! _w1 t facts :i* h
 no?+ incr$ible 9 !mselves are n to be  
controv]t$ :5 duly prov$2 x w\ld be also
 necess>y to refuse cr$5ce to all t is  
relat$ 9 sacr$ & pr(ane hi/ory2 to lay  
d[n z a maxim to believe no?+ b :at we  

see1 & to refuse to receive ! te/imony (
 ! honorable p ) :om we live4 ,n[1 ?is  
is :at is requisite to prove & conv9ce e
 man ( good s5se t ! prejudice aga9/ !  
miracles ( ! ,lives ( ! ,sa9ts is q     
unreasonable2 b ?is does n po9t out its 
quality suffici5tly2 x is s5seless &    
ridicul\s1 x is ra%1 &1 :at is m1 x is  
dang]\s4  ,:oev] d5ies :at ! ,fa!rs ( ! 
,*ur* atte/ z hav+ se51 or hav+ be5     
au!ntically in=m$ (1 mu/ conclude t !y 7
 ei!r v cr$ul\s1 or deceiv$ ! p4 ,to    
refuse to believe ! m>vels :i* h rea*$ u
 by an uni=m & univ]sal tradition1 is to
 call 9 "q all tradition2 to r5d] all   
its *annels suspici\s1 & to cause x to  
be look$ ^u z a que/ionable proposition4
 ,:at c be ?\ght ( ! sa9ts1 if !        
miracul\s graces1 :i* !y c]tify t !y h  
receiv$ f ,god1 are to be treat$ z      
*im]as2 if ! accompli%m5t ( :at !y h    
=etold1 is to be attribut$ to *ance8    
,:at ev5 c be ?\ght ( _! mo/ h]oic      
victims8 ,:at op9ion w be =m$ ( _! acts8
 ,w !y be deem$ m tru/wor?y 9 o!r       

matt]s8 ,:5 x is ass]t$ t !re h be5 no  
miracles s9ce ! days ( ! apo/les1 x mu/ 
be said1 by a necess>y consequ5ce1 t !  
,*ur*1 :i* gr\nds canonization on       
miracles1 makes use ( falsehood 9 t mo/ 
solemn & religi\s act1 & t ! public     
wor%ip :i* ! ,*ur* directs is unc]ta94  
,n[ ?is v mu* resembles h]esy2 = ! great
 pr9ciples ( religion tea* u t on ^!    
occasions ! ,*ur* receives peculi>      
enlight5m5t f ! ,holy ,gho/1 by :i* %e c
 nei!r be deceiv$ h]self1 nor c %e      
deceive o!rs4  ,^! miracles1 x is said1 
are n articles ( fai?1 & ! ,*ur* does n 
oblige u to believe !m4 ,z if no?+ 0    
believ$ 9 ! _w b su* ?+s z are ( fai?2 z
 if x 0 n dang]\s ob/9ately to reject ^?
 ?+s :i* are sanction$ by ! au?ority ( !
 ,holy ,fa!rs1 by reason & by piety1 by 
tradition & by ! ,*ur*1 & :i* _c be     
reject$ )\t fatal consequ5ces6  ,?is    
incr$ulity attacks1 moreov]1 "o ( !     
pro(s ( ! div9ity ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 :i* ! 
fa!rs adduc$ aga9/ ! pagans4 ,/4        
,*ryso/om hav+ ass]t$1 on ! subject ( ! 

miracles ( ! m>tyr1 ,/4 ,babylas1 t our 
,savi\r1 on ! night ( ,8 ,passion1 _h   
promis$ to ^? :o %\ld believe 9 ,him1 ! 
p[] ( work+ ^! miracles1 adds3 ,x _h be5
 antec$5tly se5 t _m _h tak5 ^u !mselves
 ! "* ( ma/]s1 :o _h disciples1 & :o    
boa/ ( p]=m+ wond]s2 nev]!less1 we d n  
he> ( any :o _h v5tur$ to promise _!    
disciples ! same p[]4 ,! insol5ce ( _!  
impo/ures did n g s f>1 because !y knew 
t no "o w\ld believe !m2 all ! _w be+   
conv9c$ t x is only giv5 to ,god to make
 a simil> promise1 & to fulfil x4 ,on   
?is pr9ciple ! holy doctor proves t     
,jesus ,*ri/ is ,god1 s9ce ,he has giv5 
to ^? :o believe 9 ,him ! p[] ( work+   
miracles1 :i* ,8 disciples actually did1
 & :i* ,8 s]vants n[ d4 ,/4 ,augu/9e    
makes use ( ! same pro(s1 9 8 book ( !  
,city ( ,god4 ,?us ! miracles ( ! sa9ts 
h 9 all ages be5 adduc$ z pro(s ( !     
,div9ity ( our ,savi\r2 & ?is is :at ^? 
endeavor to d away )1 :o1 )\t           
reflection1 consid] !m z fables4  ,ano!r
 dang] is1 t !y speak ( ^! m>vels       

accord+ to _! own prejudices4 ,!y op5ly 
say t !y d n believe !m1 & t p]sons     
ought n to h ! weakness to believe !m2  
!y speak contemptu\sly ( ! books 9 :i*  
!y are record$2 !y _c endure t !y %\ld  
=m "p ( panegyrics ( ! sa9ts4 ,!y make  
use ( impi\s d]isions1 & turn into      
ridicule ! fai?ful :o cr$it !m1 & !y    
c5sure ! conduct ( ! ,*ur* :i*          
consecrates !m4 ,su* disc\rse sanctions 
h]esy & lic5ti\sness2 worldl+s & !      
indev\t applaud x1 ! tepid seem to      
cons5t to x1 & ! falsely dev\t approve  
x2 x is a sc&al to ! weak1 & a di%onor  
to religion4  ,x is also to be fe>$ t   
prejudices aga9/ :at is wond]ful 9 !    
,lives ( ! ,sa9ts may spread to o!r     
subjects1 if we only judge f ! pr9ciples
 :i* are ! cause ( !m4 ,=1 9 :at d ^!   
pr9ciples consi/8 ,!y are n gr\nd$ on   
reason or religion2 !y mu/1 !re=e1 h a  
basis ( incr$ulity = ev]y?+ :i* !y d n  
und]/&3 ! fooli% vanity ( be+ ?\ght     
s+ul>2 ignorance1 :i* boldly repudiates 
:at x kn[s no?+ (2 keep+ company )      

lib]t9es2 a con=mity ( feel+ ) h]etics1 
& ! _s ( ! _w1 :i* is ! enemy ( all     
piety4 ,su* calamit\s causes give room  
to fe> ! mo/ fatal effects4  ,9 g5]al1 !
 lib]ty only to believe ^? ?+s :i* we   
*oose1 on po9ts 9 :i* religion is       
conc]n$1 is v dang]\s2 x (t5 makes a    
de/ructive progress1 = its fir/ attempts
 embold5 x4 ,p]sons are easily p]suad$ t
 all miracul\s n>ratives are false1 ?\gh
 ! ,*ur* gu>antees ! tru? ( _m2 & :5 ?is
 same ,*ur* pron\nces on dogmatical     
facts1 decl>+3 su* & su* propositions to
 be h]etical :i* are 9 su* & su* a book1
 & exacts an int]ior submission ( he>t &
 m9d1 d ^! d\bt]s %[ m docility8 ,d !y n
 cloak _! disob$i5ce by a respectful    
sil5ce1 always ill kept & f9ally brok5  
?r\gh by op5 rebellion8 ,d we n see     
p]sons 9 ! _w speak+ irrev]5tly (       
relics1 purgatory1 indulg5ces1 & ev5 ( !
 holy my/]ies1 aft] hav+ treat$         
contemptu\sly ! m>vels ( ! ,lives ( !   
,sa9ts8  ,c]ta9 critics admit ^! m>vels1
 b h imbib$ ! idea t falsehood is s mix$

 up ) ! tru?1 t !y _c be sep>at$ b by   
us+ c]ta9 rules1 :i* !y take ^u !mselves
 to lay d[n4 ,?is prejudice is n less   
dang]\s1 nor less unreasonable ?an !    
o!r4  ,because "s inconsid]ate writ]s1  
:o _c be too sev]ely c5sur$1 h giv5     
scope to _! imag9ation 9 c]ta9 leg5ds1 &
 h employ$ fiction = ! embelli%m5t ( _! 
n>ratives1 ! d\bt]s pret5d t ! :ole     
hi/ory ( ! sa9ts is full ( impo/ures2   
nev]!less1 pure s\rces h be5 ! basis (  
_! au!ntic acts1 9 ! works ( ! ,fa!rs1 &
 9 an inf9ity ( au?ors well wor?y (     
cr$it1 & 9 ! ,bulls ( ,canonization4 ,an
 ,asiatic prie/1 z relat$ by ,/4 ,j]ome1
 :o quotes ,t]tullian1 compos$ false    
acts ( ,/4 ,!cla ?r\gh an ill-und]/ood  
s5tim5t ( devotion3--does x foll[ f t t 
! tru? ( _m o!r acts :i* 7 !re read1 &  
:i* we /ill possess1 is to be set aside8
 ,moreov]1 ! ,*ur* has rem$i$ ! evil2 %e
 has reject$ ! false prodigies2 %e has  
expung$ f ! leg5ds ! indiscreet         
additions2 a new edition has be5 long   
s9ce plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ! fai?ful1 :i* only

 conta9s ! well-au!nticat$ & c]ta9      
miracles4  ,a le>n$ man has demon/rat$ t
 ! rules ( ^! critics = ! elucidation ( 
^! miracles are n judici\s2 t !y are    
extravagant1 & t x w\ld be risk+ too mu*
 to foll[ !m2 t !y are contradictory1 & 
n 9 unison ) ea* o!r2 t x (t5 happ5s t  
!y reject or admit miracles aga9/ _! own
 pr9ciples4 ,if !y f9d spl5did ones1 &  
_m ( !m 9 ! same leg5d1 !y hold !m to be
 suppositions or alt]$1 al?\gh1 ! olde/ 
& mo/ au!ntic docum5ts conta9 simil>    
ones2 !y reject !m z false1 )\t assign+ 
any reason 9 pro( ( _! hav+ be5         
falsifi$2 !y pret5d t ! au?ors :o h     
record$ !m 7 too cr$ul\s1 ?\gh !y       
receiv$ o!r articles on ! te/imony ( ^! 
same au?ors4 ,9 ord] to believe !m1 !y  
require p]fect c]ta9ty1 al?\gh !y give  
cr$it to _m circum/ances 9 ecclesia/ical
 & pr(ane hi/ory on m]e probabilities4  
,"o ( !m pr(esses n to omit a s+le      
miracle :i* is v\*$ = by good au?ority1 
nev]!less1 he suppresses _m ( ! mo/     
consid]able2 & _m ( ^? :i* he feels     

compell$ to br+ =w>d1 he does s 9 t]ms  
:i* m>k d\btfulness1 to say no?+ m4     
,?us1 ! ultra-critics :ile admitt+ !    
wond]s ( ! ,lives ( ! ,sa9ts1 r$uce !m  
to no?+ by rules1 :i* !y inv5t = sep>at+
 tru? f falsehood1 z ^? :o pr(ess to    
believe an infallible au?ority 9 ! ,*ur*
 make t infallibility to dep5d on s _m  
conditions1 t !y may always ma9ta9 t !  
,*ur*1 disp]s$ or assembl$1 has nev]    
come to any decision 9 opposition to _! 
errors4  ,x is1 !y say1 ! love ( tru?   
:i* induces !m to exam9e mo/ scrupul\sly
 ! miracles ( ! sa9ts2 no?+ %\ld be     
believ$1 or be propos$ to belief1 b :at 
is true4 ,b ,bossuet said ( bad critics3
 ,!y are cont5t1 provid$ !y c pass = m  
subtle obs]v]s ?an o!rs1 & !y f9d       
!mselves %>p]1 9 n giv+ cr$it to s _m   
wond]s4 ,! love ( tru? does n consi/ 9  
d5y+ its exi/5ce1 :]e s _m p]sons (     
fir/-rate g5ius h f\nd x2 x does n dep5d
 on r5d]+ obscure ! light x %$s1 nor 9  
giv+ to ! public ,lives ( ,sa9ts        
accompani$ by a dry1 bitt]1 & lic5ti\s  

criticism1 calculat$ to ?r[ d\bt on all 
t is extraord9>y 9 !m1 & !reby to give  
sc&al4 ,! le>n$ ,jesuits1 ! cont9uators 
( ,boll&us1 %[1 by ! precision ( _!     
rese>*es1 t !y are s9c]e lov]s ( tru?1 b
 we d n see t !y endeavor to dim9i% !   
numb] ( miracles3 ,!y h no idea ( tak+  
!m = fictions2 no?+ a/oni%es !m 9 !     
lives ( ! fri5ds ( ,god1 provid$ x be   
well atte/$4 ,fa!r ,?omass51 ( !        
,oratory1 9 8 treatise on ! ,celebration
 ( ,fe/ivals1 speaks ( a miracul\s ev5t 
:i* occurr$ 9 ! six? c5tury1 & :i* is   
report$ by ,boll&us1 & he adds3 ,^!     
sorts ( miracles are by no means        
articles ( fai?1 b nev]!less1 !y are n  
to be reject$ by sage & consid]ate      
p]sons4 ,^u read+ ! works ( ,/4         
,cyprian1 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ,/4 ,ambrose1 & 
,/4 ,j]ome1 & ^? ( ,/4 ,gregory (       
,nyssa1 ( ,/4 ,basil1 & ,/4 ,a?anasius1 
we c h no d\bt t ^! fa!rs _h no         
difficulty 9 believ+ simil> occurr5ces1 
simil>ly atte/$4 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 inde$1   
has relat$ sev]al mu* m incr$ible2 & x  

is greatly to be fe>$ t to set "o's self
 above ! ,augu/9es1 ! ,j]omes1 !        
,gregories1 & ! mo/ le>n$ ,fa!rs ( !    
,*ur*1 mu/ be ! effect ( a mo/ dang]\s  
pride4  ,x is object$ t ! multitude is  
cr$ul\s2 t x likes ! m>vell\s1 & %\ld n 
be expos$ to believe untru?s4 ,b        
cr$ulity is f> less dang]\s ?an         
incr$ulity2 ! "o admits ( cure mu* easi]
 ?an ! o!r2 ! =m]1 9 prop] limits1 may  
be v useful1 ! latt] eng5d]s no?+ b     
evil4 ,"s "o has said1 t ! love ( !     
m>vell\s is ! anci5t malady ( mank9d2 x 
w\ld1 p]haps1 be m accurate to say1 t x 
is a rema9d] ( _! orig9al greatness2 &  
t1 be+ creat$ to witness ! m>vels ( !   
,div9ity1 !y are impell$1 by an int]ior 
impulse1 to believe :atsoev] seems to !m
 to approa* to !m1 until su*1 "t z _!   
visions %all be fully gratifi$4 ,?is    
impulse only becomes a malady :5 x      
receives wond]ful ?+s :i* are absurd1 or
 )\t any f\ndation4 ,av]sion f !        
m>vell\s1 :i* has its orig9 9 ! weakness
 ( a m9d oppress$ by s91 is a mu* great]

 malady1 & may h mo/ dang]\s            
consequ5ces1 9 a :olly m>vell\s religion
 :i* we mu/ love4 ,^! m>vels are        
displeas+ 9 pi\s n>ratives1 :]e !y are  
fully prov$1 & !y are s\ght = 9 !atrical
 compositions1 :]e !y are m]e fictions3 
! di/9ction is di%onorable to ,*ri/ians4
 ,f9ally1 z to ! falsehood3 ,:at risk   
does ! pi\s multitude run1 9 believ+ !  
miracles ( ! ,lives ( ! ,sa9ts8 ,!y f9d 
no?+ 9 !m :i* is n prov$1 or wor?y (    
belief2 no?+ b :at may v prud5tly be    
believ$2 no?+ b :at is edify+2 & ?is1   
accord+ to ,/4 ,augu/9e1 is a suffici5t 
gu>antee f fall+ into any dang]\s       
cr$ulity4  ,we %\ld be v dang]\sly      
cr$ul\s1 if we put our fai? 9 false &   
deceitful miracles1 :i* only t5d to     
s$uce ! m9d1 & corrupt our belief4 ,we  
are w>n$ 9 ! ,gospel1 t !re %all arise  
false *ri/s & false prophets1 & %all %[ 
great signs & wond]s1 insomu* z to      
deceive 7if x be possible7 ev5 ! elect2 
& ,/4 ,paul tea*es u t ,anti*ri/1 t man 
( p]dition1 w come accord+ to ! work+ ( 

,satan 9 all p[]1 & signs1 & ly+ wond]s4
 ,! fa!r ( lies has (t5 inspir$ !       
h]etics to produce miracles1 :i* !y h   
ass]t$ to h be5 p]=m$ by p]sons ( _!    
p>ty1 liv+ or dead1 f :5ce !y inf]r$ t  
,god au?oriz$ ! doctr9es !y taught4     
,ecclesia/ical hi/ory furni%es _m       
examples ( ?is1 & !re are "s v rec5t    
ones4  ,b ,jesus ,*ri/ has furni%$ u ) a
 sure & infallible rule to avoid !      
contagion3 x is to he> ! ,*ur*2 x is to 
consid] ^? only z true miracles ( :i* %e
 approves1 & ( :i* %e sanctions !       
publication2 x is to believe firmly t no
 "o :o is 9 revolt aga9/ ! ,*ur* w ev]  
p]=m a miracle favorable to 8 sect1     
:atev] appe>ance ( au/]ity1 piety1      
*>ity1 or sanctity1 he may put on2 :i*  
,/4 ,?omas bases ma9ly on ?is pr9ciple3 
t x is impossible t ,god1 :o alone c    
give ! p[] ( work+ a true miracle1 %all 
ev] communicate t p[] to confirm a false
 doctr9e2 f :5ce x foll[s1 t all !      
miracles produc$ by sect>ians1 not)/&+  
all _! evid5ce1 & all _! pret5d$        

atte/ations1 mu/ nei!r be exam9$ nor    
li/5$ to1 & mu/ only be look$ ^u z      
purely natural effects1 or z impo/ures1 
or z delusions & diabolical op]ations4  
,?is is ! way 9 :i* ,/4 ,augu/9e        
expresses himself on ! subject ( !      
miracles :i* ! ,donati/s claim$ to h    
p]=m$1 & claim$ z evid5ce 9 favor ( _!  
s*ism4 ,let ,ca?olics1 !re=e1 reject )  
horror ! false prodigies ( sect>ians1 b 
let !m pi\sly give cr$it to ! miracles (
 ! sa9ts1 )\t pay+ att5tion to !        
ultra-criticism :i* /rives to ?r[ d\bts 
^u !m2 & let !m be intimately p]suad$ t 
! ,*ur*1 :i* approves ( !m1 has f\nd$ t 
approval on evid5ce irreproa*able4  ,!  
m>vels :i* are f\nd 9 ! ,life ( ,/4     
,francis are p]fectly well atte/$4 ,t   
,life 0 fir/ writt5 by ,?omas de        
,celano1 "o ( 8 companions1 :o 0 direct$
 by ,pope ,gregory ,,ix4 to compile x1 &
 :o aft]w>ds add$ a second "p on        
additional memoirs4 ,john or ,?omas de  
,cep]ano1 ,apo/olic ,not>y1 :o 0 a /aun*
 fri5d ( ! ,sa9t1 publi%$ at ! same "t  

:at he knew ( 8 actions4 ,cresc5tius de 
,jesi1 ,g5]al ( ! ,ord] ( ! ,fri>s      
,m9ors1 gave directions1 by circul>     
lett]s1 to collect & transmit to him    
:atev] _h be5 se5 or le>nt1 relative to 
! sanctity & miracles ( ! bless$ ,fa!r4 
,he address$ himself p>ticul>ly to ?ree 
( 8 twelve fir/ companions3 ,leo1 8     
secret>y & 8 confessor2 ,angelus &      
,ruf9us3 all ?ree jo9$ 9 compil+ :at is 
call$ ,! ,leg5d ( ! ,?ree ,companions4  
,! o!rs not$ sep>ately :at !y _h        
!mselves se51 & ! ?+s :i* !y _h le>nt f 
o!rs4 ,sa9t ,bonav5ture1 be+ at ! head (
 ! ,ord]1 0 urg5tly entreat$1 by ! g5]al
 *apt]1 to write ! life ( _! holy       
,patri>*4 ,) ! int5tion ( le>n+1 )      
c]ta9ty1 ! tru? ( ! facts1 he w5t       
expressly to ,assisi1 ,!re1 he says1 9 !
 preface to 8 "w1 ,i _h frequ5t & s]i\s 
conf]5ces ) ^? :o _h be5 9 ! confid5ce (
 ! great man1 & :o 7 /ill liv+2 &       
pr9cipally ) ^? :o 7 mo/ intimately     
consociat$ ) him1 & :o h become ! mo/   
fai?ful imitators ( 8 holy life1 to ^:  

te/imony we mu/ und\bt$ly give cr$it1   
because _! ackn[l$g$ sanctity assures u 
t !y h spok5 tru?4 ,n[1 :at c ! mo/     
exact & sev]e criticism wi% m1 9 ord] to
 give w>ranty to ! m>vels 9 ! ,life (   
,/4 ,francis1 ?an contempor>ies1 ocul>  
witnesses1 holy p]sons1 8 own           
companions1 :o liv$ ) him & enjoy$ 8    
confid5ce8  ,! leg5d ( ,sa9t ,bonav5ture
 0 spread ev]y:]e1 z soon z x appe>$1 & 
0 ev]y:]e highly approv$3 !re are _m    
manuscripts ( x4 ,lipoman1 ,bi%op (     
,v]ona1 caus$ x to be pr9t$ 9 #aeef4 ,no
 "o ev] attempt$ to call its accuracy 9 
"q4 ,octavian quot$ x1 9 8 petition to  
,pope ,sixtus ,,iv4 = ! canonization ( !
 holy doctor1 9 #adhb4  ,! fir/ leg5ds h
 be5 pres]v$ 9 manuscript2 ! celebrat$  
annali/ ( ! ,ord] ( ,fri>s ,m9ors1 ,luke
 ,wad+1 saw !m & made use ( !m4 ,he 0 "o
 ( ! mo/ le>n$ m5 ( 8 "t1 & all o!r     
le>n$ m5 h be5 l\d 9 8 praise1 n only on
 acc\nt ( 8 pr(\nd erudition1 b because 
he 0 s ard5t a lov] ( tru?1 :i* he s\ght
 = ) great c>e1 & hav+ develop$ x1 no?+ 

c\ld h9d] him f publi%+ x & committ+ x  
to writ+4  ,! uprightness ( 8 he>t 0    
conspicu\s on a c]ta9 occasion1 :i* is  
too honorable to him = u to pass x ov] 9
 sil5ce4 ,he _h be5 "o ( ! exam9]s      
nom9at$ by ,pope ,innoc5t ,x4 to inquire
 into ! writ+s ( ,jans5ius1 ,bi%op (    
,ypres1 & he _h conv9c$ himself t ! five
 propositions :i* appe>$ to be c5surable
 9 ^? writ+s might be tol]ably expla9$ 9
 a c]ta9 !ological s5se4 ,^? :o are     
!mselves upright are n easily br\ght to 
?9k ill ( o!rs1 p>ticul>ly 9 difficult  
affairs1 & !y sometimes endeavor to     
ju/ify !m1 ?r\gh *>itable feel+s1 :i*   
are praisewor?y 9 pr9ciple1 b :i* may h 
evil consequ5ces1 :5 a doctr9e is 9 "q  
:i* has be5 widely spread1 & :i* is     
support$ by a cabal4 ,wad+1 see+ t !    
five propositions 7 c5sur$ by v>i\s     
con/itutions ( ! ,pope1 made a report on
 ! :ole affair1 ) ! foll[+ beautiful    
decl>ation1 wor?y ( a truly ,ca?olic    
,doctor3 ,if1 be=e ?is decision1 any "o 
%all h be5 ( a diff]5t op9ion 7z to !   

five propositions7 on :atev] reason+s1  
or :atsoev] au?ority ( doctr9e1 he is n[
 oblig$ to b5d 8 m9d to ! yoke ( fai?1  
accord+ to ! advice ( ! apo/le4 ,i      
decl>e x to be :at ,i d ) all my he>t1  
condemn+ & ana!matiz+ all ! a=esaid     
propositions1 9 all & e s5se 9 :i* ,8   
,hol9ess has propos$ to condemn !m1     
al?\gh1 be=e ?is decision1 ,i ?\ght !y  
might h be5 ma9ta9$ 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 9 ! 
mann] ,i h expla9$ 9 ! suffrage :i* has 
be5 j se54  ,we may feel assur$ t a man 
( ?is upright "*1 su* a lov] ( tru?1 &1 
moreov]1 "o ( su* em95t tal5ts1 w\ld n h
 made use ( ! two ,leg5ds ( ,?omas de   
,celano & t ( ! ,?ree ,companions1 )\t  
hav+ asc]ta9$ _! correctness4 ,moreov]1 
! critics ( 8 "t1 :o 7 p>ticul>1 & 9    
great numb]s1 _h x 9 _! p[] to exam9e !m
 z ^? ( our times h1 also1 s9ce !y are  
/ill extant 9 ! conv5t ( ,/4 ,isidore at
 ,rome4  ,! fir/1 :i* 0 compos$ "u !    
,pontificate ( ,gregory ,,ix41 0 quot$  
by ,luke1 ,bi%op ( ,tuy1 :5 he wrote    
aga9/ ! ,albig5ses1 9 #abca4 ,x is to be

 f\nd 9 ! ,abbey ( ,longpont1 ( ! ,ord] 
( ,citeaux1 9 ! diocese ( ,soissons1 & 9
 ! ,abbey ( ,j\y1 ( ! same ord]1 9 !    
,diocese ( ,s5s4 ,! ,leg5d ( ! ,?ree    
,companions is 9 ! k+'s libr>y1 at !    
,recollets ( ,l\va91 & 9 _! conv5t at   
,mal9es4  ,^! are ! pr9cipal s\rces :i* 
7 consult$ by ,wad+ = writ+ ! ,life (   
,/4 ,francis1 :i* =ms "p ( ! fir/ tome (
 8 ,annals4 ,he also consult$ ! acts &  
public monum5ts1 ! con/ant tradition1 & 
"s manuscripts ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 :i*  
conta9 o!r te/imonials f ! companions ( 
,/4 ,francis1 & 7 publi%$ by            
contempor>ies :o liv$ ) !m1 :o collect$ 
_! v words1 & :o are wor?y ( cr$5ce4 ,b 
! mo/ m>vell\s ?+ :i* he relates1       
relative to ! actions ( ! ,sa9t1 he has 
tak5 f ! leg5ds1 z well z a great numb] 
( ! spl5did miracles :i* 7 op]at$ by 8  
int]cession aft] 8 dea?1 & ( :i* ,pope  
,gregory ,,ix4 0 fully in=m$1 z he      
decl>es 9 ! ,bull ( ,canonization4  ,all
 mod]n au?ors :o h giv5 ! ,life ( ,/4   
,francis 9 v>i\s languages1 h adh]$     

mo/ly to ,wad+2 9 ?is "w1 also1 we h    
made a po9t ( foll[+ him2 & ! le>n$1 :o 
h s mu* e/eem = t great man1 w agree t  
we c\ld n h tak5 a bett] guide4 ,baillet
 admits t1 among ! writ]s ( ! ,life (   
,/4 ,francis1 ,luke ,wad+ is "o ( ! mo/ 
c>eful & mo/ accurate2 & yet he taxes   
him ) n hav+ writt5 me?odically1 :5 he  
adds3 ,aft] all ! labors ( s _m p]sons1 
:o h be5 zeal\s = 8 glory1 we are /ill  
compell$ to wi% = a me?odical hi/ory ( 8
 life4 ,:oev] may read ! ,annals (      
,wad+1 & 8 notes on ! works ( ,/4       
,francis1 w f9d 9 !m z mu* me?od z      
rese>* & accuracy2 b accord+ to "s      
ultra-critics1 x is n consid]$ writ+    
me?odically1 :5 m>vels :i* !y dislike   
are p]mitt$ to f9d _! way into hi/ory4  
,baillet might h said t x has be5 long a
 subject ( compla9t t we h n 9 our      
language a complete & me?odical ,life ( 
,/4 ,francis4 ,?is compla9t is ! m j1 z 
! sa9t _h a p>ticul> lik+ = ,france2 he 
_h le>n$ ! language ) s mu* facility1 & 
spoke x s readily1 t !y gave him ! "n ( 

,francis1 al?\gh he 0 baptiz$ ,john4    
,p>is 0 "o ( ! fir/ objects ( 8 zeal2 he
 w\ld ev5 h gone ?i!r1 if a c>d9al _h n 
deta9$ him 9 ,italy = reasons :i* relat$
 to 8 ,ord]4 ,n hav+ x 9 8 p[] to       
und]take ?is mission1 :i* he _h mu* at  
he>t1 he de/9$ = x "s ( 8 pr9cipal      
foll[]s4  ,!re are "s :o affect to ?9k  
t1 9 ! ,lives ( ! ,sa9ts1 _! example    
%\ld alone be propos$ to ! public1      
imag9+ t ! miracles !y h p]=m$ c n[ise  
contribute to ! edification ( s\ls2 &   
two au?ors ( ?is c5tury h v5tur$ to     
suppress all miracles 9 ! ,lives (      
,sa9ts :i* !y h publi%$4 ,! ,*ur*1      
nev]!less1 causes !m to be recit$ 9 !   
,div9e ,(fice1 & !y are c>efully relat$ 
by ! holy fa!rs2 nei!r does any au?or ( 
repute1 ( ! c5turies prec$+1 fail to br+
 !m =w>d4 ,9 fact1 no "o c d5y t !y add 
great respl5d5cy to ! m]its ( ! sa9ts1  
&1 consequ5tly1 give great weight to !  
example !y af=d u4 ,!y uphold & increase
 ! idea we h ( ! p[] ( ,god1 ( ,8       
provid5ce1 ,8 ju/ice1 ,8 b\nty1 & ,8    

m]cy1 by :i* !y excite u to glorify1    
love1 & s]ve ,him2 &1 9 %[+ ,8 special  
good-w to ,8 s]vants1 !y induce u to    
invoke _! m$iation ) confid5ce4         
,moreov]1 miracles /r5g!n ! fai?ful 9 _!
 fai?1 because1 be+ p]=m$ 9 ! bosom ( ! 
,ca?olic ,*ur*1 !y confirm ! tru? %e    
tea*es4 ,n[1 x is n ( less consequ5ce to
 /r5g!n fai?1 ?an to propose t :i* t5ds 
to ! correction ( morals1 p>ticul>ly :5 
incr$ulity makes z mu* progress z       
lic5ti\sness4 ,moreov]1 ! miracul\s     
actions ( ! sa9ts frequ5tly conta9 mo/  
salut>y in/ructions1 & are always       
accompani$ by virtues :i* may be        
imitat$1 :i* w be v app>5t 9 ! ,life (  
,/4 ,francis4  ,"s may1 p]haps1 ?9k t 8 
virtues are too transc5d5t = imitation1 
& cont5t !mselves ) admir+ !m1 )\t ga!r+
 any fruit f !m4 ,a celebrat$ h]esi>*   
admir$ !m 9 ?is mann]1 9 ! la/ c5tury4  
,bossuet rem>ks1 9 8 excell5t ,hi/ory ( 
! ,v>iations1 t ,lu!r reckon$ among !   
sa9ts n only ,/4 ,b]n>d1 b also ,/4     
,francis1 ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 & o!rs ( !   

?irte5? c5tury2 & t ,/4 ,francis1 among/
 all ! re/1 appe>$ to him to be an      
admirable "*1 animat$ ) wond]ful f]vor (
 m9d4 ,b ! fai?ful 9 admir+ 8 virtues1  
mu/ n ?9k !m n to be imitat$1 = !y      
consi/$ 9 foll[+ ! ,gospel2 & !y are all
 oblig$ to live accord+ to ! precepts ( 
! ,gospel4  ,,rev4 ,,c&ide ,,*alippe1   
,o4,f4,m4      ,,cont5ts  ,,book ,i  ,8 
bir?--,pr$iction ( 8 future             
greatness--,8 /udies--,he applies       
himself to comm]ce--,8 purity1 &        
affection = ! poor--,he is tak5         
prison]--,he falls sick--,8 *>ity       
increases t[>ds ! poor--,he has a       
my/]i\s dream--,he wi%es to g to !      
w>--,jesus ,*ri/ dissuades him--,he is  
rapt 9 _s--,8 conv]sion--,he kisses a   
lep]--,jesus ,*ri/ crucifi$ appe>s to   
him--,salut>y effects ( ?is             
app>ition--,he goes to ,rome--,m+les ) !
 poor--,is tempt$ by ! devil--,a voice f
 heav5 comm&s him to re/ore ! ,*ur* (   
,s4 ,pet] ,damian--,8 devotion to !     
passion ( ,jesus ,*ri/--,he takes "s    

pieces ( clo? f 8 fa!r's h\se1 & sells  
!m1 to re/ore ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,damian--,he
 escapes f ! ang] ( 8 fa!r1 & retires to
 a cave--,he appe>s 9 ,assisi1 :]e he is
 ill-treat$--,8 fa!r conf9es him--,8 "m 
deliv]s him1 & he returns to ,s4        
,damian--,he manife/s 8 int5tion to 8   
fa!r1 :o appeals to ju/ice1 & cites him 
be=e ! ,bi%op ( ,assisi--,he r5\nces 8  
inh]itance1 & gives back 8 clo!s to 8   
fa!r--,! pov]ty ( 8 clo?+--,he is beat5 
by robb]s--,retires to a mona/]y--,!y   
give him a h]mit's habit--,he devotes   
himself to ! lepr\s--,receives ! gift ( 
heal+1 & returns to ,assisi1 :]e he     
se>*es = /one to re/ore ! ,*ur* (       
,assisi--,he toils at build+ z a        
labor]--,he lives on alms--,8 fa!r &    
bro!r ex]cise 8 pati5ce--,! victories he
 ga9s ov] himself--,p beg9 to e/eem &   
honor him--,he pr$icts some?+ :i* is    
fulfill$--,he re/ores ! ,*ur* ( ,s4     
,pet] & t ( ,s4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels1 or !  
,portiuncula--,dwells at ,s4 ,m>y ( !   
,angels1 & is favor$ !re ) heav5ly      

app>itions--,he is call$ to ! apo/olical
 life--,r5\nces money & goes            
discalc$--,8 poor & humble habit--,god  
inspires him to prea*--,he weeps bitt]ly
 ov] ! suff]+s ( ,jesus ,*ri/--,receives
 ?ree disciples1 & retires ) !m to a    
des]t$ cottage--,he goes on a mission1 &
 8 disciples accompany him--! way !y are
 treat$--,he receives ?ree o!r          
disciples--,he makes !m beg = alms--,:at
 he said to ! ,bi%op ( ,assisi1 on      
r5\nc+ all 8 possessions--,he pr$icts to
 ! ,emp]or ,o?o ! %ort duration ( 8     
glory--,x is reveal$ to him t 8 s9s are 
remitt$--,he is rapt 9 ec/asy1 & pr$icts
 ! ext5sion ( 8 ,ord]--,he makes sev]al 
o!r pr$ictions1 & receives a sev5?      
disciple--,he proposes a new mission to 
!m--,! address he makes !m on _!        
prep>ation =1 & conduct dur+1 !         
mission--,he returns ne> to ,assisi1 :]e
 he receives f\r m disciples--,he       
assembles all 8 disciples--,composes a  
,rule1 & goes to obta9 ! ,pope's        
approval--,he makes a m>vell\s          

conv]sion--,he kn[s miracul\sly :at w   
happ5 to him at ,rome--,he is at fir/   
repuls$ by ,pope ,innoc5t ,,iii41 b is  
aft]w>ds receiv$                        
favorably--,difficulties on !           
approbation ( 8 ,rule--,he ov]comes !m  
by an address he makes ! ,pope--,! ,pope
 approves 8 ,rule1 & accumulates favors 
on x--,he leaves ,rome ) 8 fri>s = !    
valley ( ,spoleto--,god provides = 8    
necessities--,he /ops at a des]t$       
*ur*--,consults ,god on 8 mission1 &    
returns to ! cottage ( ,rivo-torto--,8  
suff]+s !re--,! in/ructions he          
gives--,god %[s him to 8 bre?r5 "u a mo/
 m>vell\s aspect--,! *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>y ( !
 ,angels is giv5 to him--,he e/abli%es  
himself !re ) 8 ,fri>s    ,,book ,,ii   
,he receives _m novices--,in/ructs &    
models !m--,s5ds !m to diff]5t prov9ces 
( ,italy--,:at he says on ?is           
occasion--,he dep>ts = ,tuscany1 &      
passes by ,p]ugia1 :]e he makes a       
pr$iction :i* is accompli%$--,_m "y m5  
ent] 8 ,ord]--,!y build a h\se = him ne>

 ,cortona--,8 miracul\s fa/ dur+        
,l5t--,he comm&s ! devils1 & !y obey    
him--,he cures _m miracul\sly--,he      
prea*es at ,flor5ce--,makes a           
pr$iction--,prea*es 9 v>i\s places 9    
,tuscany--,:at 8 fri>s are do+ 9 o!r    
places--,he prea*es ! ,l5t at ,assisi1 )
 great fruit--,he consecrates1 to ,jesus
 ,*ri/1 ,cl>e1 &1 ,agnes1 h]            
si/]--,e/abli%es ,cl>e & ,agnes 9 !     
,*ur* ( ,s4 ,damian--,he erects a       
mona/]y !re1 ! fir/ "o ( 8 second ,ord]1
 :i* he !n in/itut$--,he is tr\bl$ by a 
s]i\s d\bt1 on :i* he consults 8        
bre?r5--,8 d\bt is cle>$ up by an oracle
 f heav5--,he goes out to               
prea*--,re/ores a bl9d girl to sight1 & 
conv]ts _m worldly p--,he sighs =       
m>tyrdom--,asks p]mission ( ! ,pope to  
prea* to ! infidels--,makes conv]sions  
at ,rome1 & e/abli%es 8 ,ord]           
!re--,returns to ,assisi & leaves = !   
,levant--,emb>ks1 b is oblig$ to put    
into a h>bor 9 ,sclavonia--,goes by sea 
to ,ancona--,a miracle :i* ,god p]=ms 9 

8 favor--,he conv]ts a celebrat$        
poet--,returns to ,tuscany1 & to ,s4    
,m>y ( ! ,angels--,he falls             
sick--,wond]fully humbles               
himself--,tries a vocation--,falls sick 
aga9 & writes to all ,*ri/ians--,dep>ts 
= ,spa9 & ,africa1 9 se>* ( m>tyrdom--,8
 miracles & o!r p>ticul>s ( 8 j\rney--,8
 pr(\nd humility--,he raises !          
dead--,c\nt ,orl&o gives him ,m\nt      
,alv]na--,god miracul\sly protects      
him--,he prea*es 9 ,pi$mont & passes    
into ,spa9--,works a miracul\s cure     
!re--,! k+1 ,alphonso ,,ix1 p]mits him  
to e/abli% 8 ,ord] !re--,he receives    
h\ses !re--,a viol5t sickness prev5ts   
him go+ to ,morocco--,8 actions :il/ he 
is delay$ 9 ,spa9--,he returns to       
,italy--,8 r\te ?i!r--,he arrives at ,s4
 ,m>y ( ! ,angels1 & disapproves a      
build+ !re--,he goes to ,m\nt           
,alv]na--,is beat5 by devils--,mortifies
 8 s5se1 & ta/e--,makes wat] spr+ f a   
rock--,visits ! m\nta9--,conv]ts !re a  
celebrat$ brig&--,leaves =              

,rome--,discov]s "s relics by           
revelation--,makes pr$ictions1 & p]=ms  
miracles & conv]sions--,arrives at ,rome
 :il/ ! ,c\ncil ( ,lat]an is sitt+--,!  
,pope decl>es to ! ,c\ncil t he has     
approv$ ! ,rule--,he appo9ts a g5]al    
*apt] at ,s4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels1 :i!r he  
returns--,he holds ! *apt] & s5ds 8     
fri>s to v>i\s c\ntries--,he ?9ks ( go+ 
to ,p>is--,reunites an illu/ri\s family 
t _h be5 divid$--,rejoices 9 8 pov]ty & 
asks ( ,god a great] love ( holy        
pov]ty--,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul appe> to him
 at ,rome--,8 alliance ) ,s4            
,dom9ic--,he goes to ,flor5ce1 :]e      
,c>d9al ,hugol9 dissuades him f go+ to  
,p>is--,he returns to ! ,valley (       
,spoleto1 & s5ds ?ree ( 8 disciples to  
,france--,a cele/ial vision induces him 
to ask ( ! ,pope a c>d9al protector = 8 
,ord]--,:at he says on ?is subject--,he 
prea*es be=e ! ,pope--,:at happ5$ to him
 9 ! pulpit--,! ,pope gives him ,c>d9al 
,hugol91 z protector ( ! ,ord]--,he     
prea*es 9 ! ,valley ( ,rieti--,deliv]s !

 c\ntry f two plagues1 & makes "s       
conv]sions !re--,! h\ses he builds      
!re--,he appo9ts a g5]al *apt] at ,s4   
,m>y ( ! ,angels1 = ! ye> #abai--,:at he
 did dur+ ! ye> #abah--;,efficacy ( 8   
pray]s--,he wi%es to pull d[n a new h\se
 :i* he f\nd at ,s4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels    
,,book ,,iii   ,he goes to ,p]ugia1 to  
consult ! c>d9al protector--,8 op9ion on
 ! promotion ( 8 fri>s to ecclesia/ical 
dignities--,he returns to ,s4 ,m>y ( !  
,angels--,8 ?\ghts on ^! dignities--,m  
?an five ?\s& ,fri>s ,m9ors are pres5t  
at ! *apt] he _h appo9t$--,he addresses 
! assembly1 & =bids !m tr\bl+ !mselves  
ab\t _! food--,assi/ance comes to him f 
all sides--,he receives m ?an five      
hundr$ novices dur+ ?is *apt]--,he =bids
 indiscreet mortifications--,! devils   
are inc5s$ aga9/ him & 8 ,ord]--,he     
cautions 8 fri>s1 & ^u t gives !m "s    
in/ruction--,he humbles !m to pres]ve !m
 f va+lory--,he conf\nds ^? :o wi% !    
,rule mitigat$--,he wi%es n = privileges
 :i* c eng5d] disputes--,he gives 8     

fri>s in/ructions ab\t _! conduct to    
ecclesia/ics--,he obta9s f ! ,pope      
lett]s apo/olical confirm+ ! approval ( 
! ,ord]--,:at he decrees 9 ! *apt]--,he 
s5ds 8 fri>s ?r\gh ! :ole _w--,! travels
 ( 8 ,fri>s 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w--,9     
,greece--,9 ,africa--,9 ,spa9 &         
,portugal--,9 ,france--,9 ! ,l[         
,c\ntries--,he himself prep>es to g to !
 ,levant--,on ! gov]nm5t ( ! mona/]y (  
,s4 ,damian1 & o!r h\ses ( ! same       
ord]--,he s5ds six ( 8 fri>s to         
,morocco--,:at he says to !m--,he />ts  
on 8 voyage to ,syria1 ) twelve         
companions--,he rejects a po/ulant too  
mu* atta*$ to 8 p>5ts--,a h\se at       
,ancona is giv5 to him--,he appo9ts1 by 
means ( a *ild inspir$ by ,god1 ^? :o   
are to accompany him to ,syria--,he     
emb>ks at ,ancona & an*ors at ! isle (  
,cyprus--,arrives at ,acre--,di/ributes 
8 companions 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,syria1 & 
comes to ! army be=e ,damietta--,he     
arrives at ! camp be=e ,damietta1 &     
pr$icts ! ill-success ( ! battle !      

,crusad]s are ab\t to give--,8 pr$iction
 is accompli%$--,he f9ds out ! sultan ( 
,egypt--,ann\nces to him ! tru?s ( !    
fai?1 & (f]s to ?r[ himself into ! fire 
to prove !m--,he refuses ! sultan's     
pres5ts--,is e/eem$ & respect$--,! good 
dispositions ) :i* he inspires !        
sultan--,he obta9s p]mission to prea* 9 
8 ,/ates--,he receives "s disciples f ! 
army ( ! ,crusad]s--,visits ! holy      
places--,"s :ole mona/]ies ( religi\s   
embrace 8 ,in/itute--,he returns to     
,italy--,e/abli%es 8 ,ord] 9 v>i\s      
places--,prea*es at ,bologna ) great    
success--,:at he says & does on see+ a  
h\se ( 8 ,ord] too mu* ornam5t$--,he    
makes a retreat at ,camaldoli--,returns 
to ,s4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels--,reads ! ?\ghts
 ( 8 companion--,conf\nds ! vanity (    
,bro!r ,elias--,aboli%es ! novelties    
introduc$ into ! ,ord] by ,bro!r        
,elias--,9 a vision ! =tunes ( 8 ,ord]  
are made kn[n to him--,he holds ! *apt] 
9 :i* he deposes ,bro!r ,elias1 & 9 8   
place sub/itutes ,pet] ( ,catania--,he  

r5\nces ! g5]al%ip--,w n receive any?+ f
 novices ent]+ 8 ,ord]--,he le>ns ! news
 ( ! m>tyrdom ( ! fri>s he _h s5t to    
,morocco--,:at he says on ! subject ( _!
 m>tyrdom--,! m>tyrdom ( ^! fri>s is !  
cause ( ! vocation ( ,s4 ,antony (      
,padua--,8 fri>s pass into ,engl&--,he  
visits "s conv5ts--,receives ! ,vic>    
,g5]al's resignation1 & re-appo9ts1 by !
 comm& ( ,god1 ,bro!r ,elias to 8       
place--,he holds a *apt]1 & s5ds        
mission>ies to ,g]many    ,,book ,,iv   
,s4 ,francis beg9s 8 ,?ird ,ord] (      
,p5ance--,draws up ! rule = x--,:at 8   
idea 0 9 f\nd+ ?is ,ord]--,he returns to
 ,s4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels--,s5ds ,agnes1 !  
si/] ( ,cl>e1 to ,flor5ce1 to be ,abbess
 !re--,he obta9s f ,jesus ,*ri/ !       
,indulg5ce ( ,s4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels or ( !
 ,portiuncula--,pope ,honorius ,,iii4   
grants him ! same indulg5ce--,cl>e &    
o!rs1 he>+ him talk ( ,god1 are ravi%$ 9
 ec/asy--,he _c be> ! di/9ction ( p]sons
 :i* ,bro!r ,elias made--,makes a       
t]rible pr$iction--,he gives 8 bless+s  

to sev5 ( 8 bre?r51 to g & prea* ! fai? 
to ! ,moors1 & !y are m>tyr$--,he makes 
a j\rney1 :i* is att5d$ ) rem>kable     
circum/ances--,cures a cripple--,mixes )
 ! poor1 & eats ) !m--,=etells ( an     
infant1 t he w\ld "o day be ,pope--,he  
*anges ! b$ ( ?orns into :i* ,s4 ,b5$ict
 _h ?r[n himself1 into a rose-bu%1 &    
p]=ms o!r great miracles--,goes to honor
 ! relics ( ,s4 ,&rew1 & ^? ( ,s4       
,ni*olas--,discov]s a trick ( !         
devil--,he visits ,m\nt ,g>ganus--,8    
pres5ce sil5ces a demoniac--,he le>ns at
 ,s4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels ! success ( !     
,g]man mission--,bids ,antony           
prea*--,gives ,antony p]mission to tea* 
!ology to ! bre?r5--,alex&] ,hales ent]s
 ! ,ord]--,jesus ,*ri/ appo9ts ! day = !
 ,indulg5ce ( ! ,portiuncula--,he obta9s
 f ! ,pope a confirmation ( ! same      
day--,promulgates x1 ) sev5 bi%ops--,he 
has a revelation ab\t 8 ,rule--,god     
makes kn[n to him t he mu/ abridge x--,!
 ,holy ,_s dictates x to him--,"s       
entreat him to mod]ate x--,jesus ,*ri/  

tells him x mu/ be kept to ! v lett]--,8
 bre?r5 receive x--,he decl>es x comes f
 ,jesus ,*ri/1 & speaks 9 praise (      
x--,he obta9s a bull f ! ,pope1 9       
confirmation ( ! ,rule--,is attack$ by  
devils-- ,celebrates ! fea/ ( ,*ri/mas )
 mu* f]vor--,our ,"l appe>s to him z an 
infant--,8 s5tim5ts on ! celebration (  
fea/s--,discov]s a /ratagem ( !         
devil--,he comm&s "o ( 8 dead bre?r5 to 
cease work+ miracles--,draws up a rule =
 ,cl>e & h] daught]s--,appe>s ) 8 arms  
/ret*$ out 9 ! =m ( a cross :ile ,s4    
,antony 0 prea*+--,=etells a conv]sion  
:i* imm$iately came ab\t--,he goes into 
retreat on ,m\nt ,alv]nus--,8           
contemplation & raptures--,jesus ,*ri/  
promises him special favors--,he fa/s   
rigor\sly--,a piece ( 8 writ+ deliv]s 8 
companion f a temptation--,:at he _h to 
suff] f ! devil--,he prep>es =          
m>tyrdom--,he receives extraord9>y      
favors 9 pray]--,8 p]fect con=mity to ! 
w ( ,god--,jesus ,*ri/ crucifi$ appe>s  
to him "u ! figure ( a                  

,s]aphim--,receives ! impression ( !    
w\nds ( ,jesus ,*ri/--,he composes      
canticles full ( ! love ( ,god--,tells 8
 bre?r5 ( ! ,/igmata--,!y are se5 &     
t\*$--,he leaves ,m\nt ,alv]nus1 to     
return to ,s4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels--,cures a
 *ild ( dropsy--,o!r miracles :i* he    
p]=m$ on ! way--,he /r5g!ns himself )   
new f]vor 9 ! s]vice ( ,god--,8 pati5ce 
9 great suff]+s--,8 desires = !         
salvation ( s\ls--,8 pray] 9            
suff]+--,god assures him ( 8            
salvation--,he ?anks ,him 9 a           
canticle--,he le>ns ! "t ( 8 dea?1 &    
rejoices at x--,he has v>i\s illnesses1 
& suff]s extreme pa9--,he multiplies !  
grapes 9 a v9ey>d--,god gives him       
s5sible consolation--,a heat$ iron is   
appli$ to ! temple1 & he feels no pa9 f 
x--,he weeps incessantly1 & says he does
 s to expiate = 8 s9s--,he pref]s !     
dang] ( los+ 8 sight to re/ra9+ 8       
te>s--,8 gratitude t[>ds 8 physician--,a
 miracle is work$ by "s ( 8 hair1 9     
favor ( ?is physician--,he miracul\sly  

heals a canon--,8 suff]+s dim9i%--,goes 
to prea*--,drives away a devil--,=etells
 a sudd5 dea?1 & x comes ab\t--,cures   
,/4 ,bonav5tura 9 8 infancy--,all 8     
suff]+s increase--,causes to be f\nd = !
 love ( ,god :at c\ld n be f\nd =       
money--,!y take him back to ,assisi--,!y
 take him to ,si5na--,he answ]s         
difficult que/ions1 & =etells sev]al    
?+s--,he causes ! bless+ :i* he gave to 
8 bre?r5 to be writt5--,!y take him to  
,celles1 & !nce to ,assisi--,! bi%op has
 him tak5 to 8 palace--,! /ate ( 8 ,ord]
 at ! "t ( 8 la/ illness    ,,book ,v   
,! viol5ce ( 8 illness does n prev5t him
 f exhort+ 8 bre?r5--,he is t\*$ at !   
fatigue :i* 8 illness caus$ !m-- ,?anks 
,god = ! pa9s he suff]$--,dictates a    
lett] to ,cl>e & h] daught]s--,rejoices 
& ?anks ,god = 8 approa*+ dea?--,blesses
 8 *ildr5--,has himself c>ri$ to ,s4    
,m>y ( ! ,angels--,blesses ! t[n (      
,assisi--,in=ms a pi\s wid[ ( 8 approa*+
 dea?--,blesses 8 bre?r5 a second "t1 & 
makes !m eat a bit ( bread1 bless$ by 8 

h&--,gives a special bless+ to ,b]n>d1 !
 elde/ ( 8 *ildr5--,:at we may presume 7
 8 dispositions 9 receiv+ ! la/         
sacram5ts--,he /ret*es himself nak$ on !
 b>e gr\nd--,desires to be buri$ 9 !    
place ( execution--,exhorts 8           
bre?r5--,he has ! praises ( ,god sung :5
 at ! po9t ( dea?--,he speaks to 8      
*ildr51 & blesses !m = ! la/ "t--,has ! 
passion ( ,jesus ,*ri/ read to him--,he 
recites ! #ada/ psalm1 & dies aft] ! la/
 v]se--,miracul\s pro(s ( 8             
beatitude--,/ate ( 8 body aft] dea?--,! 
,/igmata are se5 & t\*$ publicly--,8    
obsequies--,cl>e & h] daught]s see &    
kiss ! ,/igmata--,he is buri$ at        
,assisi1 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,george--,!     
circul> writt5 aft] 8 dea?--,8          
canonization--,! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,francis at
 ,assisi--,he is buri$ !re--,rese>*es   
are made to f9d ! sacr$ body--,! mission
 ( ,/4 ,francis--,! fruits ( 8 labor4   
,devotion ( ,s4 ,francis t[>ds ,jesus   
,*ri/ crucifi$--,to :at a degree he lov$
 pov]ty--,h[ great 0 ! au/]ity ( 8      

life--,8 humility--,8 ob$i5ce--,8 gift (
 pray] & contemplation--,8 love (       
,god--,8 s5tim5ts ( filial love on !    
my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation--,on ! fa/ (      
,jesus ,*ri/ 9 ! des]t--,on ! my/]y ( ! 
,eu*>i/--,s4 ,francis1 9 8 humility1    
w\ld n be made prie/--,8 devotion t[>ds 
! ,"m ( ,god--,t[>ds ! angels &         
sa9ts--,8 *>ity t[>ds 8 neighbor--,8    
zeal = ! salvation ( s\ls--,8 affection 
= ! poor--,! affection ( 8 he>t = all   
creatures--,! pa9s he took to lead 8    
bre?r5 to p]fection--,8 t5d] *>ity t[>ds
 8 bre?r5--,8 discretion & wisdom 9 !   
gov]nm5t ( ! ,ord]--,8 sup]natural &    
acquir$ k--,! efficacy ( 8 words--,8    
sup]natural & miracul\s gifts--,he      
drives away devils--,br+s ! dead to     
life--,heals ! sick--,has ! gift (      
prophecy & disc]nm5t ( spirits--,he     
comm&s animals1 & is obey$--,he p]=ms _m
 o!r miracul\s actions--,! great honors 
:i* 7 paid to him--,8 "* & appe>ance--,9
 :at s5se he 0 simple      ,,! ,,life   
,,& ,,leg5ds ,,( ,,sa9t ,,francis ,,(   

,,assisi  ,,book ,i   ,we "h (f]1 to !  
pi\s reflections ( ! fai?ful1 ! life ( a
 man :o propos$ to himself to practise  
lit]ally ! precepts ( ! ,gospel1 to     
con=m himself entirely to ,jesus ,*ri/  
crucifi$1 & to inspire ! :ole _w )      
,god's love4  ,su* a purpose mu/ seem   
great to all ^? :o c appreciate true    
gr&eur by ! light ( religion4 ,9 its    
contempt ( ! goods ( ! _w1 x manife/s an
 elevation ( m9d f> above ! o/5tation ( 
! anci5t philosoph]s2 9 its deep        
humiliations1 an h]oical c\rage2 9 its  
extreme simplicity1 ! mo/ exalt$        
s5tim5ts2 9 its weakness1 & 9 ! app>5t  
fooli%ness ( ! cross1 ! /r5g? & wisdom (
 ,god4 ,! infidels !mselves admir$ all  
?is1 & x w be n less meet to revive !   
f]vor ( ,*ri/ians1 & to increase !      
v5]ation !y h always ent]ta9$ = ,/4     
,francis4  ,he 0 born at ,assisi1 a t[n 
( ,umbria1 9 ,italy1 9 ! ye> #aahb1 "u !
 ,pontificate ( ,lucius ,,iii4 ,pet]    
,b]n>do1 8 fa!r1 0 a ri* m]*ant1 ^:     
pr9cipal comm]cial transactions 7 )     

,france4 ,8 "m1 ^: "n 0 ,pica1 _h only  
two sons1 ,francis & ,angelo4 ,! latt]  
m>ri$ at ,assisi1 & "s ( 8 desc5dants 7 
/ill at ,assisi 9 #aecd4  ,god1 :o has  
(t5 condesc5d$ to u%] 9 ,8 sa9ts by     
port5ts1 0 pleas$1 at ! bir? ( ,francis1
 to give signs ( :at he w\ld be dur+ 8  
life4 ,= "s days ,pica _h suff]$ great  
pa9s1 )\t be+ able to give bir? to h]   
*ild1 :5 a man1 dress$ z a pilgrim1 came
 to tell h] t %e w\ld only be deliv]$ ( 
h] infant 9 a /able2 he w\ld be born on 
/raw4 ,al?\gh ?is communication appe>$  
mo/ /range1 relatives1 nev]!less1 act$  
^u x4 ,! pati5t 0 remov$ to ! ne>e/     
/able1 :]e %e 0 successfully deliv]$2 an
 ev5t :i* may well be look$ ^u1 z 9 !   
int5tion ( ,provid5ce1 !reby to m>k !   
con=mity ( ! holy man to ,jesus ,*ri/1  
poor & humble2 z mu*1 at lea/1 z !      
creature c be 9 con=mity ) ! ,creator1 &
 ! s]vant ) ! ,ma/] ( ! univ]se4  ,?is  
/able has be5 turn$ into a *apel1 call$ 
9 ,italian1 ,san ,francesco il          
piccolo--,/4 ,francis ! ,little4 ,ov] ! 

door ! foll[+ words1 9 v old writ+1 are 
inscrib$3    ,?is *apel 0 ! /able ( !   
,ox & ! ,ass1   ,:]e ,francis 0 born1 ! 
mirror ( ! _w4  ,8 "m _h ! "n ( ,john   
giv5 to him at 8 baptism1 8 fa!r be+ !n 
abs5t 9 ,france4 ,a /rang] pres5t$      
himself z 8 godfa!r1 & he 0 accept$ z   
su*2 :e!r x 0 t some?+ extraord9>y 0    
p]ceiv$ 9 ?is p]son1 or t !y _h be5     
/ruck ) a/oni%m5t at ! fir/ ev5t4 ,!    
uni=m tradition at ,assisi is1 t ?is    
/rang] disappe>$ aft] ! c]emony1 & t he 
left ! impression ( 8 knees on a m>ble  
/ep ( ! alt>1 :i* is %[n 9 ! ca!dral    
*ur*1 ) ! baptismal font1 on :i* ^!     
words 9 ,italian are engrav$3--,?is is !
 f\nta9 9 :i* ! ,s]aphic ,fa!r1 ,/4     
,francis1 0 baptiz$4  ,at ! return f !  
baptismal c]emony1 a man1 :o seem$ to h 
be5 s5t by ,god1 z well z ! o!r two1 or 
r an angel 9 human =m1 came to beg t he 
might be all[$ to see ! *ild & hold x4  
,he took x 9 8 arms1 c>ess$ x a good    
deal1 & impress$ ^u its "r %\ld] a      
well-=m$ cross1 z a m>k ( 8             

consecration1 recomm5d+ ! nurse to take 
p>ticul> c>e ( ! *ild1 n to expose him  
to ! sn>es ( ! devils1 :o _h a =esight t
 he w\ld "o day wage a sev]e w> aga9/   
!m4 ,"o ( ^! evil spirits 0 oblig$ to   
confess by ! m\? ( "o possess$1 :om !y 7
 exorcis+1 t ! pr9ces ( d>kness1 al>m$  
at ! bir? ( ,francis1 _h tri$ v>i\s ways
 to take away 8 life2 & x 0 ! ,sa9t     
himself :o expell$ ?is devil aft]w>ds4  
,^! port5ts1 m>vell\s z !y are1 are less
 surpris+1 :5 we consid] ! s+ul> & m>k$ 
favors :i* heav5 de/9$ = him4  ,8 p>5ts 
br\ght him up ) great c>e1 & he 0 put to
 /udy ) ! cl]gy ( ! ,p>i% ( ,/4 ,george4
 ,aft] he _h acquir$ "s k ( lett]s1 he 0
 initiat$ 9 comm]cial affairs1 !        
correspond5ce ( :i* necessitat$ 8 le>n+ 
! ,fr5* language2 he acquir$ x ) s mu*  
ease1 t 8 fa!r gave him ! "n ( ,francis1
 a "n :i* he bore ev] aft]4  ,b]n>do &  
,francis pursu$ _! avocation 9 a v      
diff]5t mann]4 ,! fir/1 ) no o!r object 
?an 8 worldly int]e/1 ?\ght ( no?+ b 8  
pr(its1 & _h no o!r c>e ?an t (         

accumulat+4 ,francis1 :o _h n a p>ticle 
( av>ice1 & _h less ?\ght ( 8 pr(it ?an 
( deal+ ) honor1 trad$ ) nobl] & m      
elevat$ feel+s4 ,b he lov$ ! _w1 he     
frequ5t$ society1 & sp5t a good deal 9  
dress1 fe/ivities1 & p>ties ( pleasure4 
,8 fa!r frequ5tly reprim&$ him on !     
subject ( 8 exp5ses1 b 8 remon/rances _h
 little effect1 because he _h no        
consid]ation ( ! value ( money1 & he    
wi%$ to be di/+ui%$ among/ 8 "y         
companions1 :o always consid]$ him z _! 
lead]4 ,8 "m1 :o 0 t5d] & g5]\s1 _h m   
pati5ce ) him2 & %e said to ^? :o spoke 
to h] ( 8 pr(usion1 t f :at %e rem>k$ 9 
8 conv]sation1 9 8 actions1 & ev5 9 8   
amusem5ts1 %e _h reasons to hope some?+ 
great :5 he %\ld come to matur] ye>s4   
,inde$1 9 all 8 demeanor1 excell5t      
progno/ics = ! future 7 obs]vable3 8    
temp] 0 exquisite1 mild1 & condesc5d+1 8
 mann]s 7 agreeable & v polite2 he 0    
lively1 & _h great good s5se3 he 0      
brave1 & _h a /rong incl9ation to be    
g5]\s1 ev5 to give beyond 8 means4      

,al?\gh he plung$ into ! va9 amusem5ts (
 ! _w1 !re 0 no?+ blamable 9 8 moral    
conduct4 ,by ! special protection (     
heav51 he avoid$ ! rocks on :i* y\? is  
too (t5 wreck$2 he pres]v$ ! ine/imable 
treasure ( purity2 x 0 also rem>k$ t he 
0 di/ress$ at any lic5ti\s expressions1 
& nev] made any reply to !m4  ,god _h   
impr9t$ 9 8 he>t great feel+s (         
compassion = ! poor1 :i* increas$ f 8   
infancy1 & :i* induc$ him to af=d !m    
lib]al aid1 s t1 foll[+ ! ,gospel       
precept1 ,give to e "o t aske? !e1 he   
made a resolution to give to all :o %\ld
 ask alms ( him1 & pr9cipally if !y %\ld
 solicit x = ! love ( ,god4 ,?is feel+ =
 ! love ( ,god _h its effect ^u him1 ev5
 !n1 not)/&+ 8 dissipation2 he c\ld     
seldom he> ! expression made use (1 z he
 has s9ce admitt$1 )\t be+ s5sibly      
affect$4 ,x hav+ once happ5$ to him1 9 !
 hurry ( bus9ess1 to turn away a poor   
p]son :o _h ask$ a *>ity = ! love (     
,god1 8 consci5ce smote him imm$iately1 
& he ran aft] ! poor man1 reliev$ him   

amply1 & made a promise to ,god t he    
w\ld nev] refuse a s+le individual z    
long z x 0 9 8 p[]1 :5 an alms %\ld be  
ask$ = ,8 love1--a promise :i* he       
fai?fully kept to 8 dea?1 & :i*1 z ,/4  
,bonav5ture rem>ks1 0 ( ess5tial s]vice 
9 increas+ ! grace & love ( ,god 9 8    
he>t4 ,:at is !re m likely to br+ d[n ! 
grace ( conv]sion & sanctification1 &   
increase ! love ( ,god1 ?an ! practice (
 works ( m]cy8  ,! amiable qualities (  
,francis r5d]$ him a favorite ?r\gh\t ! 
t[n1 :]e he 0 look$ up to z ! fl[] ( !  
y\?1 & great hopes 7 ent]ta9$ = ! future
 9 8 reg>d4 ,a man ( simple mann]s1 b   
enlight5$ f above1 caus$ a /ill great]  
e/eem to be ent]ta9$ = him4 ,:5 he met  
him 9 ! /reets1 he spread 8 cloak on !  
gr\nd be=e him1 & z a reason = %[+ him s
 unusual a m>k ( respect1               
exclaim$3--,?is "y man w soon d great   
?+s3 he w des]ve all sorts ( honors1 & w
 be rev]$ by ! fai?ful4 ,francis1 :o 0  
unconsci\s ( ! designs ( ,god1 did n    
und]/& ! mean+ ( ?is pr$iction4 ,he knew

 n t ^! honors 7 to be r5d]$ him only   
aft] sev]e humiliations1 accord+ to !   
words ( ! ,gospel4 ,engross$ by !       
affairs ( ! _w1 & atta*$ to its         
vanities1 he ?\ght little ( ?is ,div9e  
tru?1 & he _h less ta/e = x2 nev]!less  
he hop$ t he %\ld "s day receive !      
honors :i* o!rs =etold1 & :i* ,god      
p]mitt$ him likewise to pr$ict ( himself
 9 an affliction :i* came ^u him4  ,!   
t[ns ( ,assisi & ,p]ugia 7 at w> ) ea*  
o!r2 he 0 tak5 prison] ) "s ( 8         
fell[-citiz5s3 :e!r x 0 t he _h tak5 up 
arms 9 ! s]vice ( 8 c\ntry1 or t he 0   
beyond ! limits ( ! t[n ( 8 comm]cial   
affairs4 ,8 captivity1 h[ev]1 did n     
affect 8 spirits1 he pres]v$ 8          
*e]fulness & good humor4 ,8 companions1 
:o 7 deject$ & ca/ d[n1 7 (f5d$ at ?is1 
& upbraid$ him ) x1 say+ t he might1 at 
lea/ out ( feel+ = !m1 disguise !m1     
disguise 8 satisfaction4 ,i am v sorry =
 y he repli$1 b z to myself1 my m9d is  
at ease & ,i am ?ankful t x is s4 ,y see
 me n[ a prison]1 b at a future p]iod1 y

 w see me honor$ by ! :ole _w4 ,!re 0 "o
 among ! prison]s ^: qu>relsome temp] & 
extreme ill humor caus$ him to be %unn$ 
by ! o!rs4 ,francis entreat$ !m to draw 
a di/9ction betwe5 8 p]son & 8 defects1 
& to be> ) him3 n be+ able to induce !m 
to d s1 he _h ! *>ity to keep him       
company himself1 & by 8 good advice1 he 
r5d]$ him m g5tle4 ,all 7 s delight$ ) 8
 goodness ( he>t1 t !y s\ght 8 fri5d%ip4
  ,lib]at$ f captivity1 he return$ to   
,assisi1 :]e ,god visit$ him ) a long & 
sev]e illness1 :i* r$uc$ him to a /ate (
 great weakness4 ,?is 0 to prep>e 8 s\l 
= ! influ5ce ( grace4 ,z soon z he c\ld 
walk1 he wi%$ to enjoy ! beauty & air ( 
! c\ntry2 b he fail$ to be pleas$ !re)1 
& 0 ev5 disgu/$ ) :at he _h previ\sly   
lik$ ! mo/2 he felt contempt = :at he _h
 be=e e/eem$1 & 8 own conduct appe>$ to 
him to be s5seless4 ,?is *ange surpris$ 
him mu*1 b x did n z yet make any       
alt]ation 9 8 he>t4 ,! return ( heal?   
r5ew$ 8 atta*m5t to ! _w1 8 ambition &  
vanity reviv$2 he ent]ta9$ fre% hopes ( 

greatness1 & paid once m great att5tion 
to 8 dress4 ,?us x frequ5tly happ5s t :5
 ,god s5ds illness to worldly p]sons ) a
 view to _! conv]sion1 ^! h no o!r      
effect ?an mom5t>y reflections &        
promises1 :i* are soon =gott5 on !      
return ( /r5g?4  ,h[ev]1 ,francis became
 m & m *>itable1 & gave to all ! poor   
ei!r money or 8 clo!s4 ,hav+ met a poor 
& ill-clad (fic] :o 0 ( a noble family1 
he saw 9 him ! pov]ty ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! 
,k+ ( k+s1 & be+ mov$ to pity1 he gave  
him ! new suit ( clo!s he _h on4  ,!    
foll[+ night ,god %[$ him 9 8 sleep a   
great & magnific5t palace1 full ( w>like
 arms1 all m>k$ ) ! sign ( ! cross1 to  
give him an idea ( ! rew>d 8 *>ity 0 to 
receive4 ,he ask$ :om all t belong$ to2 
& he 0 answ]$1 t ! arms 7 = 8 soldi]s4  
,n z yet und]/&+ ! mean+ ( my/]i\s      
dreams1 he took ?is z a tok5 ( ! success
 he 0 to h 9 w>like a*ievem5ts1 )\t     
suspect+ t ! crosses he _h se5 _h a     
totally diff]5t signification4 ,at t "t 
,walt]1 ,c\nt ( ,bri5ne1 9 ,*ampagne1 0 

wag+ active w> aga9/ ! emp]or1 9 ! k+dom
 ( ,naples1 on ! subject ( ! claims ( 8 
wife ,alb]ia1 ! elde/ daught] ( ,tancr$1
 ,k+ ( ,cicily1 :o _h be5 "s ye>s dead4 
,francis resolv$ to (f] him 8 s]vices1 9
 ! hope ( ga9+ milit>y honors4 ,he      
atta*$ himself to an (fic] ( di/9ction1 
:o belong$ to ! c\nt's army1 & he set   
out ) a good ret9ue1 aft] hav+ assur$ 8 
fri5ds t he 0 sure ( acquir+ great r5[n4
  ,he fir/ w5t to ,spoleto1 & !re ,jesus
 ,*ri/ address$ ^! b5evol5t words to him
 dur+ ! night3 ,francis1 :i* ( ! two1   
?9k y1 c be ( ! greate/ s]vice to y3 !  
ma/] or ! s]vant1 ! ri* or ! poor8 ,x is
 ! ma/] & ! ri*1 he answ]$ )\t any      
hesitation4 ,:y !n1 cont9u$ our ,"l1 d y
 leave ,god :o is ! ma/] & ri*1 to seek 
man1 :o is ! s]vant & poor8 ,o ,"l6     
exclaim$ ,francis1 :at is x y\r pleasure
 ,i %\ld d8 ,jesus ,*ri/ !n said to him3
 ,return to y\r t[n2 :at y h se5        
signifies no?+ b :at is spiritual4 ,x is
 f ,god1 & n f man1 t y w receive _!    
accompli%m5t4 ,! v next morn+ he retrac$

 8 /eps t[>ds ,assisi1 to await ! ord]s 
( ! ,"l1 )\t tr\bl+ himself z to :at !  
_w %\ld say z to ?is precipitate return4
  ,8 fri5ds came z usual to propose a   
p>ty ( pleasure4 ,he receiv$ !m1 z 0 8  
cu/om1 ) great polit5ess1 & fea/$ !m    
magnific5tly to bid !m1 ?us honorably1  
an et]nal adieu4 ,on p>t+ f !m1 he f\nd 
himself sudd5ly /ruck ) ! vanity ( all  
t]re/rial ?+s1 & ) ! gr&eur ( all t is  
heav5ly1 by a communication f ! ,_s (   
,god1 full ( mildness1 b s int]nal1 & s 
=cible1 t 8 s5ses 7 br\ght into a /ate (
 inaction1 & he himself rema9$          
motionless4 ,he aft]w>ds told 8         
confessor1 t1 if he _h be5 torn to      
pieces 9 ?is /ate ( rapture1 he w\ld n h
 felt x2 t1 9 t mom5t1 he c\ld only feel
 at ! bottom ( 8 s\l4 ,! company1 q     
al>m$1 drew ne> him2 & :5 he _h recov]$ 
8 usual s]5ity1 !y enquir$ ( him1       
laugh+1 :at _h occasion$ 8 extraord9>y  
res]ve2 if1 p]haps1 he 0 n ?9k+ ( tak+ a
 wife8 ,x is s1 he repli$3 ,i %all take 
"o1 b "o s noble & s beautiful1 t su*   

ano!r w n be f\nd 9 ! :ole _w4          
,evangelical pov]ty1 :i* he aft]w>ds    
embrac$1 0 ! sp\se to :i* ! ,holy ,gho/ 
inspir$ him to allude4  ,aft] ?is div9e 
favor he disemb>rass$ himself z mu* z   
possible ( 8 comm]cial affairs1 to beg (
 ,god to "k :at ,he w\ld h him d2 & he  
usually w5t to pray 9 a grotto ) a      
confid5tial fri5d1 :o left him !re 9    
entire lib]ty4 ,! frequ5t rec\rse to    
pray] excit$ 9 8 he>t s ard5t a desire =
 ! cele/ial c\ntry1 t he already look$  
^u ev]y?+ t 0 e>?ly z no?+4 ,he felt t  
?is happy disposition conta9$ a         
treasure1 b he did n z yet "k h[ to     
possess himself ( ! hidd5 prize4 ,! ,_s 
( ,god m]ely ins9uat$ to him t !        
spiritual life1 "u ! idea ( traffic1 mu/
 beg9 by a contempt ( ! _w1--& "u ! idea
 ( w>f>e1 by a victory ov] self4--,all  
spirituality n bas$ ^u ^! two ,div9e    
lessons1 w nev] h any?+ solid 9 x4      
,francis _h soon occasion to put ^!     
lessons 9 practice4 ,z he 0 rid+ across 
! pla9s ( ,assisi1 he p]ceiv$ a lep]    

com+ /raight to him4 ,at fir/ he felt   
horror-/rick51 b call+ to m9d t he _h   
=m$ a resolution to labor to atta9      
p]fection1 & t1 9 ord] to be a soldi] ( 
,jesus ,*ri/1 x 0 necess>y to beg9 by   
obta9+ a victory ov] self1 he dism\nt$1 
kiss$ ! lep]1 & gave him an alms4 ,:5 he
 aga9 m\nt$ 8 horse1 he no long] saw any
 "o1 ?\gh he look$ all r\nd ! pla94     
,fill$ ) a/oni%m5t1 & transport$ ) joy1 
he fell on 8 knees to ?ank ,god1 & =m$ a
 firm resolution to aim at /ill great]  
p]fection4 ,?is is ! effect ( g5]\s &   
c\rage\s ef=ts1 !y draw d[n fre% graces1
 & reanimate our c\rage4 ,he acquir$    
also m incl9ation = retirem5t1 he _h no 
long] any lik+ b = solitude1 = ^? places
 :i* 7 adapt$ to ! holy sorr[ ( p5ance1 
:]e he unceas+ly address$ himself to    
,god 9 f]v5t pray]1 accompani$ by       
lam5tations1 :i* _c be describ$3 ,god at
 l5g? favorably he>d him4  ,8 f]vor     
daily increas+1 insomu* t he 0 :olly    
absorb$ 9 ,god1 ,jesus ,*ri/ appe>$ to  
him z if atta*$ to ! cross4 ,8 s\l1 at  

?is /up5d\s sc5e1 0 :olly p5etrat$1 &1 z
 x 71 dissolv$1 & ! image ( 8 crucifi$  
,savi\r became f t "t s /rongly &       
intimately impr9t$ on 8 he>t1 t e "t x  
recurr$ to 8 m9d1 he _h a difficulty 9  
re/ra9+ 8 sobs & te>s4  ,9 ?is m>vell\s 
app>ition he 0 made aw>e t ^! words ( ! 
,gospel 7 p]sonally address$ to him3 ,if
 any man w come aft] ,me1 let him d5y   
himself1 & take up 8 cross & foll[ ,me4 
,he receiv$ f !m t =eta/e ( pov]ty &    
humility :i* became 8 *>act]i/ics1 & s  
ard5t a *>ity inflam$ 8 he>t1 t he _h ! 
c\rage to devote himself to ! s]vice ( !
 lep]s4 ,be=e ?is day !y 7 s mu* 8      
horror1 t1 f> f all[+ !m to be 9 8      
pres5ce1 z soon z he saw !m1 at :atev]  
di/ance1 he turn$ away f !m1 & if !y 7  
ne> he pass$ on quickly1 hold+ 8 nose4  
,b = ! love ( ,jesus crucifi$1 :o 0     
pleas$ to repres5t ,himself to !        
,prophet ,isaias "u ! despis$ figure ( a
 lep]1 he l[]$ himself to att5d+ ^u !m 9
 _! hospitals1 :]e1 hav+ abundantly     
suppli$ !m ) alms1 he made _! b$s1      

dress$ _! sores1 & p]=m$ = !m ! mo/     
abject s]vices2 he (t5 ev5 kiss$ _! h&s 
& _! faces ) great feel+s (             
commis]ation4 ,! words :i* our ,savi\r  
"o day address$ to him :ile at pray]1   
/imulat$ him to cont9ue ?is *>itable    
ex]cise1 not)/&+ 8 natural repugnance3  
,francis1 if ?\ desire/ to "k ,my w1 ?\ 
mu/ despise & hate all t ?\ ha/ lov$ &  
wi%$ = till n[4 ,let n ?is new pa? al>m 
!e1 =1 if ! ?+s :i* n[ please !e mu/    
become bitt] & di/a/eful1 ^? :i* n[     
displease !e1 w become sweet &          
agreeable4 ,%ortly be=e 8 dea? he decl>$
 t :at _h seem$ to him mo/ bitt] 9 s]v+ 
! lep]s1 _h be5 *ang$ into :at 0 pleas+ 
bo? = s\l & body2 & all ^? :o /rive to  
ov]come !mselves = ! love ( ,god feel1 z
 he did1 t ! sev]e/ practices are soon  
s(t5$ d[n by ! unction ( grace4  ,!     
sight ( ,jesus ,*ri/ fa/5$ to ! cross   
made him feel ! mis]y ( ! poor s        
int5sely1 t he w\ld h wi%$ to employ all
 he _h1 & 8 own p]son1 9 _! relief4     
,sometimes he did /rip himself to clo!  

!m2 & :5 he _h n en\gh to satisfy !m    
all1 he unsew$ or tore 8 clo!s to divide
 among !m4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( 8 fa!r he caus$
 mu* m bread to be br\ght to table at _!
 meals ?an 0 necess>y2 & :5 8 "m ask$ ! 
reason1 he said1 t x 0 9 ord] to give m 
quickly to ^? :o came to ask = food4    
,?is pi\s "m saw ) pleasure ! *>ity ( h]
 son2 & f> f endeavor+ to *eck x1 %e 0 n
 displeas$ at 8 leav+ h] alone at table1
 :ile he took to ! neighbor+ sick ! vi&s
 ( :i* he /9t$ himself4 ,an equally     
lively & respectful zeal induc$ him to  
come to ! aid ( su* prie/s z 7 9 want2  
he took p>ticul> c>e to provide = !     
decoration ( ! alt>s1 9 ord] ! bett] to 
assi/ at ! div9e s]vice4 ,he b\ght !    
f9e/ l951 & di/ribut$ x to ! poor c\ntry
 *ur*es to be employ$ at ! sacrifice ( !
 mass2 & :5 ?is augu/ sacrifice 0 ab\t  
to be celebrat$1 if any?+ 0 want+1 or if
 ! alt> 0 n prop]ly f\nd 9 ev]y?+       
requisite1 he w\ld (f] himself to !     
(fic]s ( ! *ur*1 9 ord] to supply :at 0 
requir$ ei!r f 8 purse or by 8 p]sonal  

assi/ance4  ,b all ^! good works did n  
come up to :at he _h figur$ to himself z
 requisite = p]fection4 ,he c\ld h wi%$ 
to )draw into "s di/ant c\ntry1 !re to  
practise volunt>y pov]ty1 :i* _h already
 inflam$ 8 he>t4 ,at fir/ he resolv$ to 
g to ,rome1 to visit ! tomb ( ,/4 ,pet]1
 mov$ by t gr& devotion :i* ,god has (t5
 inspir$ 9 ,8 sa9ts1 & :i* has be5 s    
frequ5t s9ce ! f\r? c5tury4 ,he also    
propos$ to himself to solicit f !       
,almighty1 by ! int]cession ( ! ,pr9ce (
 ! ,apo/les1 ! grace to c>ry out !      
resolution he _h come to ( lead+ an     
,apo/olic life4 ,aft] hav+ recit$ 8     
pray] 9 ?is holy place1 he notic$ t 9 ! 
cr[d ( p "s made b a sl5d] (f]+1 :ile   
o!rs made no donation :atev]4 ,:at !n1  
said he1 is devotion gr[n s cold8 ,h[ is
 x t m5 d n (f] all !y h1 & d n ev5 (f] 
!mselves on a spot :]e ! a%es ( ! ,pr9ce
 ( ! ,apo/les repose8 ,h[ does x happ5 t
 !y d n decorate ) all possible         
magnific5ce ?is ,pet]1 on :om ,jesus    
,*ri/ has f\nd$ ,8 ,*ur*8 ,he contribut$

 to ! be/ ( 8 p[]1 leav+ a consid]able  
sum = t purpose2 & :at he _h wi%$ 0     
subsequ5tly execut$4 ,! ,sov]eign       
,pontiffs1 & 9 p>ticul> ,sixtus ,v1 :o 0
 a religi\s ( 8 ,ord]1 h r5d]$ !        
,basilica ( ,/4 ,pet] s sumptu\s &      
magnific5t1 t x is n[ ! admiration ( !  
univ]se4  ,on go+ out ( ! *ur*1 he saw a
 multitude ( poor1 :om he imm$iately    
jo9$1 z mu* = ! affection he _h = !m1 z 
= ! love ( pov]ty4 ,he gave 8 clo!s to  
him :o appe>$ to be ! mo/ necessit\s4 ,!
 foll[+ day1 hav+ dress$ himself )      
propriety1 he set out on 8 return to    
,assisi1 pray+ ,god to guide him 9 !    
ways ( holy pov]ty4  ,! devil1 :o 0     
s5sible t ! "y man w\ld become confirm$ 
9 8 int5tion if he p]sev]$ 9 pray]1     
appe>$ to him "u a mo/ t]rific =m1 &    
?reat5$ him1 if he p]si/$1 to r5d] him a
 dreadful de=mity l unto an old woman ( 
! t[n1 :o 0 s hide\s t he c\ld n ev5    
look at h]4 ,b ! newly-enli/$ soldi] (  
,jesus ,*ri/1 :o began to be inur$ to   
w>f>e1 laugh$ at ! ?reats ( ! tempt]1 & 

0 m urg5t 9 8 pray]s1 = :i* purpose he  
*ose und]gr\nd places1 :]e he c\ld bett]
 def5d himself aga9/ ! sn>es ( 8 enemy4 
,! fruit ( ^! holy ex]cises 0 a lively  
sorr[ = ! use he _h made ( ! fir/ ye>s (
 8 y\?1 & a great p]sev]ance 9 !        
mortification ( 8 s5ses1 9 ord] to be> !
 cross ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 8 body1 z he    
bore x 9 8 he>t4  ,x 0 ?us t ,francis   
act$ be=e hav+ *ang$ 8 habit1 or quitt$ 
! _w4 ,/4 ,bonav5ture says t he _h !n no
 o!r ma/] f :om he receiv$ in/ructions  
?an ,jesus ,*ri/2 nev]!less1 an au?or   
quot$ by ,wad+1 assures u t he sometimes
 consult$ ! ,bi%op ( ,assisi4 ,we may "h
 say1 9 ord] t !re may be no seem+      
contradiction betwe5 ! two1 t he receiv$
 in/ructions f ,jesus ,*ri/ only because
 he 0 inspir$ by ,him1 b t he           
communicat$ ) ! bi%op on ! po9ts on :i* 
he _h be5 inspir$2 & we may be ! m      
assur$ ( ?is1 z we %all see h]eaft] t   
?is prelate _h 8 confid5ce1 & t !re is  
reason to ?9k t he 0 8 spiritual ,fa!r4 
,! s]vant ( ,god1 walk+ & m$itat+ "o day

 out ( ,assisi1 ne> ! *ur* ( ,/4        
,damian1 :i* 0 v old & fall+ into ru91 0
 mov$ by ! ,holy ,_s to ent] x to pray4 
,!re1 pro/rat$ be=e ! crucifix1 he      
repeat$ ?ree times ! foll[+ beautiful   
words1 :i* gave him great int]ior       
consolation1 & :i* he subsequ5tly made  
frequ5t use (3 ,great ,god1 full (      
glory1 & ,?\1 my ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/6 ,i   
entreat y to enlight5 me & to dispel !  
d>kness ( my m9d1 to give me a pure     
fai?1 a firm hope1 & an ard5t *>ity4    
,let me h a p]fect k ( ,!e1 ,o ,god6 s t
 ,i may 9 all ?+s by guid$ by ,?y light1
 & act 9 con=mity to ,?y w4 ,he ca/ 8   
eyes1 fill$ ) te>s1 ^u ! crucifix1 :5 a 
voice came =? f x1 & he he>d di/9ctly ^!
 words repeat$ ?ree times1 n int]iorly1 
b l\dly pron\nc$3 ,francis1 g & repair  
my h\se1 :i* ?\ see/ is fall+ into ru94 
,s wond]ful a voice1 9 a place :]e he 0 
alone1 al>m$ him greatly1 b he felt     
imm$iately ! salut>y effects ( x1 & he 0
 transport$ ) joy4  ,! s5se ( ^! words  
*iefly relat$ to ! /ate ( ! ,*ur* :i*   

,jesus ,*ri/ _h pur*as$ at ! price ( ,8 
blood1 :i* ! holy man 0 to repair 9 all 
its defects by 8 m9i/ry & ! labors ( 8  
disciples1 accord+ to ! explanation :i* 
! ,holy ,_s gave to him ( !m            
subsequ5tly1 :i* he communicat$ to 8    
bre?r51 z ,/4 ,bonav5ture tells u4      
,nev]!less1 ! p[]ful protection :i* he  
receiv$ f heav5 = ! repair ( ! *ur* (   
,/4 ,damian1 0 an indication t ! same   
words 7 to be und]/ood to relate to t   
build+ also3 z ! sacr$ oracles _h a     
tw(old lit]al s5se 9 ! m\?s ( !         
,prophets1 "o ( :i* relat$ to ev5ts :i* 
7 at h&1 & ! o!r to a di/ant "t1 & to   
my/]ies :olly spiritual4  ,francis came 
to himself2 he left ! *ur* fully resolv$
 to und]take its repair1 & left money 9 
! h&s ( a prie/ nam$ ,pet]1 :o did !    
p>o*ial duties ( x1 to keep a lamp burn+
 be=e ! crucifix1 promis+ to give m1 &  
to employ all he _h = ! use ( ?is holy  
place4  ,! voice :i* _h issu$ f !       
crucifix r5ew$ 9 8 m9d & he>t !         
impression ( ! my/]y ( ! ,passion4 ,he  

felt himself int]iorly w\nd$ ?r\gh !    
w\nds ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & he %$ su* burn+ 
te>s1 t 8 eyes 7 q inflam$1 &1 z x 71   
full ( blood1 :5 he return$ f pray]4 ,to
 make 8 body p>ticipate 9 ! suff]+s :i* 
p5etrat$ 8 v s\l1 & to puni% himself = !
 levities ( 8 y\?1 he impos$ on himself 
a v rigor\s ab/95ce1 ) v>i\s o!r k9ds ( 
mortification4  ,! eag]ness he felt to  
comm5ce ! repair ( ,/4 ,damian's *ur*1  
sugge/$ to him means by :i* ! "w might  
be begun4 ,aft] hav+ =tifi$ himself by !
 sign ( ! cross1 he took f 8 fa!r's     
/ores sev]al pieces ( clo?1 :i* he sold 
at ,foligno1 toge!r ) 8 horse4 ,he came 
back on foot1 & (f]$ ! money            
respectfully to ! prie/ ( ,/4 ,damian = 
! repair ( ! *ur*1 & 9 aid ( ! poor2    
humbly entreat+ him to all[ him to rema9
 "s "t ) him4 ,! prie/ cons5t$ to       
receive ,francis1 b refus$ ! money1 fe>+
 ! displeasure ( 8 fa!r2 & ,francis1 :o 
_h utt] contempt = money1 n valu+ x m   
?an s mu* du/1 :5 x 0 ( no use = good   
works1 ?rew x ^u "o ( ! w9d[s ( ! *ur*4 

,! h]etics ( ! la/ c5tury1 :o calumniat$
 ! ,sa9t = _m ?+s1 h deem$ x crim9al 9  
him to h tak5 ^! pieces ( clo? f 8      
fa!r's /ores4 ,/4 ,bonav5ture is ( a    
diff]5t way ( ?9k+2 he has n ?\ght t ?is
 action requir$ ju/ification2 on !      
contr>y1 he calls ! sale ( ! clo? & ( ! 
horse a =tunate b>ga94 ,&1 inde$1 )\t   
go+ into ! "r :i* ! son may h _h 9 !    
comm]cial affairs ( 8 fa!r1 9 consequ5ce
 ( _! p>tn]%ip1 & ( 8 age ( tw5ty-five1 
_h he n reason to ?9k t1 hav+ receiv$   
ord]s f heav5 to repair a *ur*1 ,god1 :o
 is ! ,ma/] & ,disp5s] ( all goods1     
p]mitt$ him to employ a portion ( !     
goods :i* 7 "u 8 pat]nal ro(1 s9ce he _h
 no o!r means ( obey+ ! injunction8 ,b x
 is an extraord9>y case1 :i* mu/ n be   
drawn into prec$5t4 ,! g5]al rule (     
,*ri/ian morality is1 t *ildr5 may n    
dispose ( any?+ )\t ! p]mission ( _!    
p>5ts ev5 "u ! pretext ( piety4  ,b]n>do
 on 8 return f a j\rney1 hav+ he>d :at 8
 son _h done1 came 9 great wra? to ,/4  
,damian's ) sev]al memb]s ( 8 family2 & 

,francis1 :o _h n yet suffici5t /r5g? ( 
m9d to enc\nt] ! /orm1 & wi%$ to avoid !
 fir/ ebullition1 w5t & hid himself 9 ! 
prie/'s room4 ,?ree contempor>y au?ors  
assure u t1 hav+ plac$ himself beh9d !  
door1 & press+ himself aga9/ ! wall1 :5 
! door 0 op5$ he 0 miracul\sly let into 
! wall1 s t he 0 n se5 by ^? :o 7 look+ 
= him4  ,:5 8 fa!r 0 gone1 he retir$    
secretly into a cav]n1 :i* 0 kn[n only  
to "o s]vant1 f :om he receiv$ :at 0    
necess>y = 8 imm$iate su/5ance1 & :]e he
 occupi$ himself 9 cont9ual pray]1 %$d+ 
abundance ( te>s1 9 ord] t he might be  
deliv]$ f ^? :o pursu$ him1 & be able to
 accompli% ! "w :i* ,god _h inspir$ him 
to und]take4  ,aft] hav+ pass$ a mon? 9 
?is place1 he consid]$ t x 0 9 ,god     
alone t he ought to hope1 )\t putt+ any 
confid5ce 9 8 own ex]tions1 & ?is ?\ght 
fill$ him ) int]ior joy1 & rais$ 8      
depress$ spirits4 ,reproa*+ himself1    
!re=e1 ) 8 pusillanimity1 he left 8     
cav]n & w5t /raight to ! t[n1 z a       
soldi]1 :o1 feel+ a%am$ ( hav+ fl$1     

returns intrepidly to ! *>ge4 ,( :at is 
n he capable1 :o is fully p]suad$ t he c
 d no?+ ( himself t[>ds 8 salvation1 b t
 he c d all ?r\gh ,god :o imp>ts /r5g?  
to him8 ,on ^! two pr9ciples ! sa9ts h  
und]tak51 & c>ri$ into execution1 !     
greate/ ?+s4  ,! inhabitants ( ,assisi1 
:o saw 8 face all pale & wan1 & :o      
rem>k$ h[ *ang$ 7 8 conv]sation &       
op9ions1 ?\ght t 8 m9d 0 di/urb$4 ,he 0 
call$ a madman1 !y ?rew mud & /ones at  
him1 & foll[$ him1 hoot+ & call+ aft]   
him4 ,b1 )\t pay+ att5tion to ^!        
insults1 & be+ on ! contr>y well pleas$ 
to be> ^! m>ks ( ! holy folly ( ! cross1
 ! s]vant ( ,god cont9u$ 8 way z if he  
_h be5 deaf & ins5sible4  ,b]n>do be+   
told t 8 son _h return$1 & 0 made !     
object ( public d]ision1 w5t imm$iately 
9 pursuit ( him1 reproa*$ him bitt]ly ) 
8 conduct1 seiz$ him & dragg$ him to 8  
h\se1 :]e he beat him sev]ely1 & conf9$ 
him 9 a hole "u ! /aircase4 ,?is sev]ity
 _h no effect 9 %ak+ ! resolution ( !   
holy prison]2 he ev5 acquir$ m firmness1

 & enc\rag$ himself to suff] by ! words 
( ! ,gospel3 ,bless$ are !y t suff]     
p]secution = ju/ice' sake1 = !irs is !  
k+dom ( heav54  ,a %ort "t aft]1 :5 8   
fa!r 0 on a j\rney1 8 "m1 :o did n      
approve ( ! sev]ity ) :i* he 0 treat$1 &
 :o moreov] _h no hope ( ov]com+ 8      
con/ancy1 set him at lib]ty4 ,he gave   
?anks to ,god = x1 & made use ( x1 to   
return to ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,damian4 ,b]n>do1
 n f9d+ him 9 8 conf9em5t at 8 return1 0
 n cont5t ) upbraid+ 8 wife 9 ! sev]e/  
t]ms1 b w5t (f to ,/4 ,damian's to drive
 him out ( ! c\ntry if he %\ld n succe$ 
9 br++ him back4 ,francis1 to :om ,god  
_h giv5 /r5g?1 pres5t$ himself boldly to
 8 fa!r1 & told him decid$ly t he c>$ n 
= 8 bl[s1 nor = 8 %ackles--t he 0 prep>$
 will+ly to suff] all sorts ( evils = ! 
"n ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,8 fa!r1 see+ t !re 0
 no?+ m to hope 9 8 case1 ?\ght ( no?+  
fur!r ?an to get back ! money = ! clo? &
 ! horse4 ,he f\nd x 9 ! w9d[ :]e       
,francis _h ?r[n x1 :5 ! prie/ refus$   
its acceptance1 & !n 8 wra? 0 some:at   

appeas$4  ,av>ice1 :i* is nev] satisfi$1
 induc$ ,b]n>do to believe t 8 son _h   
o!r money1 & he _h him summon$ be=e !   
city magi/rates1 to acc\nt = x4 ,francis
 appe>$ be=e _! tribunal & told !m t he 
_h *ang$ 8 /ate ( life1 t ,god _h       
deliv]$ him f ! slav]y ( ! _w1 & t he _h
 no?+ m to d ) its affairs4 ,!          
magi/rates1 :o knew 8 conv]sion & 8     
p]sev]ance1 saw some?+ gr& 9 8 demeanor1
 & told 8 fa!r1 :o urg$ !m to put       
int]rogatories to 8 son1 t ?is affair   
ought to be c>ri$ into ! bi%op's c\rt4  
,b]n>d address$ himself to t au?ority1 n
 only to compel 8 son to give up :at    
money he _h1 b to =ce him to r5\nce 8   
claims to any pat]nal inh]itance4       
,francis1 :o 0 a s9c]e lov] ( pov]ty1   
*e]fully cons5t$ to all t 0 requir$ (   
him1 & said t he w\ld will+ly appe> be=e
 ! bi%op1 :o 0 ! pa/or & fa!r ( 8 s\l4  
,z soon z he 0 !re1 )\t wait+ = 8 fa!r  
to make 8 dem&1 & )\t say+ any?+        
himself1 he gave up :at money he /ill   
_h1 & !n /ripp$ (f 8 clo!s1 ev5 to 8    

%irt1 "u :i* x 0 se5 t he wore a        
hair-%irt1 & gave !m up to 8 fa!r1      
address+ him 9 ! foll[+ beautiful words3
 ,until ?is "t ,i h call$ !e fa!r on    
e>?2 b f h5ce=w>d ,i may boldly say1    
,our ,fa!r :o art 9 ,heav51 9 :om ,i h  
plac$ all my treasure1 & all my         
confid5ce4  ,! prelate1 :o 0 a man (    
great wor?1 admir+ ?is excess ( f]vor1 &
 mov$ ev5 to te>s1 rose up1 & embrac+ ! 
s]vant ( ,god1 cov]$ him ) 8 cloak1 &   
ord]$ 8 s]vants to br+ su* clo?+ z 0    
necess>y = him4 ,x 0 no d\bt by a       
disp5sation ( ,div9e ,provid5ce t a     
bi%op press$ to 8 bosom him :o 0 to     
combat s /r5u\sly = ! s]vice ( ! ,*ur*4 
,!y br\ght an old cloak belong+ to a    
labor]1 :o 0 9 ! employ ( ! bi%op1 :i*  
,francis receiv$ ) great satisfaction1 &
 ) :i* he clo!d himself1 mak+ on x a    
cross ) "s mort> :i* he met )           
accid5tally2 ?us manife/+ :at he wi%$ to
 he1 a half-nak$ poor "o1 & a crucifi$  
man4 ,?is occurr$ 9 ! ye> #abjf1 :5 he 0
 9 8 tw5ty-fif? ye>4 ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 :o

 gives ! "n ( spiritual intoxication to 
! admirable f]vor ) :i* he /ripp$       
himself 9 ord] to be able to foll[      
,jesus ,*ri/ nail$ on ! cross1 says t1  
moreov]1 9 ord] to avoid ! %ipwrecks ( !
 _w1 he =tifi$ himself ) ! repres5tation
 ( ! wood :i* 0 ! in/rum5t ( our        
salvation4  ,emancipat$ f ! ties (      
worldly desires1 z he _h wi%$ to be1 he 
n[ s\ght = "s seque/]$ spot1 :]e alone &
 9 sil5ce he might li/5 to ! voice (    
,god4 ,9 a wood1 ?r\gh :i* he 0 pass+1  
s++ ! praises ( ,god 9 ! ,fr5* language1
 "s ?ieves surr\nd$ him & ask$ him :o he
 04 ,i am ! h]ald ( ! great ,k+1 he     
repli$1 9 a prophetical s5se1 ) p]fect  
confid5ce 9 ,god4 ,on receiv+ ?is answ]1
 !y beat him cruelly1 ?rew him into a   
hole t 0 full ( sn[1 & ridicul$ ! title 
he gave himself4 ,:5 !y _h left him1 he 
aga9 began to s+ ! praises ( ,god 9 a   
l\d] voice ?an be=e1 delight$ to h _h an
 opportunity ( suff]+4 ,at a neighbor+  
mona/]y1 :]e he implor$ alms1 :i* he    
receiv$ z a contemptible begg>1 !y      

employ$ him = "s days 9 ! vile/ affairs 
( ! scull]y4 ,b see+ t ?is int]f]$ too  
mu* ) 8 spiritual ex]cises1 he came to  
,gubbio1 :]e "o ( 8 fri5ds1 hav+        
recogniz$ him1 gave him1 9 ord] t he    
might be m dec5tly clad1 a h]mit's      
dress1 a %ort tunic1 a lea!rn girdle1   
%oes1 & a /aff4  ,9 ?is p5it5tial habit1
 he subject$ 8 body to additional       
au/]ities2 & 9 ord] to fulfil all !     
functions ( humility1 to :i* he 0 mu*   
atta*$1 he devot$ himself to ! s]vice ( 
! lep]s4 ,he 0 con/antly se5 9 _!       
hospitals1 mov+ ab\t 9 all directions to
 aid !m1 prev5t+ all _! wants1 %[+ !    
greate/ compassion = !m1 wa%+ _! feet1  
cleans+ _! sores1 remov+ ! matt]1 &1 by 
a wond]ful ef=t ( *>ity1 kiss+ _!       
disgu/+ ulc]s4 ,he receiv$ f ,god 9     
rew>d ! gift ( heal+2 & ?is 0 a figure (
 ! ,evangelical cures1 :i* he 0 soon to 
apply to ! diseases ( ! s\l4  ,among _m 
pro(s :i* ,/4 ,bonav5ture adduces ( 8   
hav+ ! gift ( heal+ miracul\sly1 he     
m5tions t ( a man ( ! ,du*y ( ,spoleto1 

^: m\? & *eeks 7 eat5 away by a dreadful
 canc]1 & = :om all sorts ( rem$ies _h  
be5 fruitlessly employ$4 ,?is man met   
,francis return+ f ,rome 7:i!r he _h be5
 to implore ! assi/ance ( ! bless$      
,apo/les71 :o1 out ( great respect1 wi%$
 to kiss 8 feet2 ?is ! humble ,francis  
prev5t$1 b kiss$ ! canc]\s face1 :i* 0  
in/antane\sly cur$4 ,! same sa9t rem>ks3
 ,i "k n :i* is mo/ to be admir$1 su* a 
kiss1 or su* a cure6  ,! s]vant ( ,god1 
:o n[ ackn[l$g$ no o!r c\ntry ?an heav51
 & :o 0 fe>ful ( be+ ! cause ( "s ( 8   
fa!r's viol5ces1 propos$ to himself to  
take up 8 abode 9 ,gubbio & devote      
himself to ! ex]cises ( *>ity1 )\t      
return+ to ,assisi2 b call+ to m9d !    
ord] :i* _h be5 giv5 him by ! voice :i* 
came f ! crucifix1 to repair ! ,*ur* (  
,/4 ,damian1 he ?\ght himself b\nd to   
obey x1 at lea/ by que/+ = :at 0        
requisite = work+ at x4 ,! pr(\nd       
humility :i* he _h acquir$ by !         
degradations he _h subject$ himself to1 
gave him ! c\rage he requir$ = begg+ 9 8

 native t[n1 :]e he _h be5 kn[n to h    
possess$ ev]y?+ 9 pl5ty4 ,hav+ ca/ aside
 all ba%fulness = ! love ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 
poor & crucifi$1 he w5t ?r\gh ! c5tre ( 
,assisi z "o inspir$1 publi%+ ! glories 
( ,god1 & solicit+ /ones = ! repair ( ! 
*ur*2 address+ 8 fell[-citiz5s )        
simplicity1 ?us3 ,:osoev] w give me a   
/one1 %all h a rew>d2 :oev] w give two  
%all h a d\ble rew>d2 & he :o gives ?ree
 %all be rew>d$ ?reefold4  ,_m treat$   
him ) contempt1 & turn$ him into        
ridicule4 ,o!rs c\ld n und]/& h[ a "y   
man ( a good & opul5t family1 ) excell5t
 prospects1 hi!rto consid]$ z ! model ( 
! "y m5 ( ! place1 c\ld demean himself  
to su* a degree z to beg 9 8 native t[n4
 ,"s ?\ght t su* a *ange c\ld only come 
f ,god1 & 7 greatly mov$ by x4 ,b !     
new-made paup]1 hav+ no respect = !     
op9ions ( m51 & receiv+ *e]fully !      
insults put ^u him1 aft] ! example (    
,jesus ,*ri/1 ?\ght ( no?+ b ! *ur* (   
,/4 ,damian1 = :i* he que/$ s           
successfully1 t _m p]sons1 mov$ by 8    

exhortations1 furni%$ suffici5t = its   
repair4 ,he himself work$ at x daily1 & 
c>ri$ ! mat]ials on 8 %\ld]s z a common 
labor]1 )\t any reg>d = 8 body1 :i* 0   
emaciat$ by ! rigors ( p5ance & fa/+4   
,! prie/ ( ,/4 ,damian took compassion  
on ! pi\s workman1 & took c>e to provide
 him ) a sub/antial meal :5 he came 9 f 
"w4 ,francis hav+ receiv$ ?is *>itable  
succor = "s days runn+1 reflect$ on 8   
situation1 & said to himself z he       
aft]w>ds told 8 disciples3 ,w y f9d     
ev]y:]e a prie/ :o has s mu*            
consid]ation = y8 ,?is is n ! sort (    
life y h *os53 g1 !n1 h5ce=w>d f door to
 door1 z a poor man1 & solicit food = ! 
love ( ,god1 ) an empty plate1 on :i* y 
w put :atev] may be giv5 y4 ,= x is ?us 
y mu/ live = ! love ( ,him :o 0 born    
poor1 :o liv$ poorly1 :om !y affix$ nak$
 to ! cross1 & :o 0 put aft] ,8 dea?    
into ano!r man's tomb4 ,"o mu/ be v dead
 to self1 h great contempt ( ! _w1 & a  
s9c]e love ( ,god1 to ent]ta9 su* feel+s
 & c>ry !m out4  ,! foll[+ day he took a

 plate1 & w5t begg+ f door to door1 &   
sat d[n 9 ! /reet to eat4 ,at ! fir/    
m\?ful he took ( ?is disgu/+ mess1 he   
felt a nausea 9 8 /oma*1 :i* made him   
recoil4 ,animat$ at ! same in/ant by !  
love ( pov]ty1 he became a%am$ ( 8      
weakness1 & reproa*$ himself = ! feel+2 
aft] :i*1 he ate ! rema9d] )\t          
reluctance1 & ) s mu* reli%1 t he ?\ght 
he _h nev] eat5 a bett] meal4 ,he also  
felt an int]ior joy & /r5g? 9 8 body1   
:i* enabl$ him to be> ) pleasure1 =     
,god's sake1 :atev] might be mo/ sev]e  
or bitt]4 ,aft] hav+ return$ f]v5t ?anks
 to ! ,fa!r ( ! poor1 :o _h giv5 him s  
wond]ful a ta/e1 he w5t to ! prie/ &    
entreat$ him to take no fur!r tr\ble )  
respect to 8 n\ri%m5t1 because1 he said1
 ,i h f\nd an excell5t purveyor1 & a v  
able cook1 :o c season 8 di%es 9 a      
sup]ior way4 ,he (t5 us$ su* jocose     
expressions1 :i* 7 z mu* ! effect ( !   
spiritual joy he felt1 z ( 8 natural    
lively & joy\s turn ( m9d4  ,b]n>do1    
vex$ 9 ! greate/ degree at see+ 8 son   

begg+ & expos$ to ! je]s ( ! public1 0  
inflam$ ) ang]1 & ei!r turn$ f him :5 he
 met him1 or curs$ him4 ,francis admitt$
 t ^! curses affect$ him m ?an any o!r  
suff]+ he endur$1 & he hit ^u a me?od ( 
protect+ himself4 ,x 0 to take ano!r    
poor & mis]able man ) him1 :o %\ld be z 
a fa!r to him4 ,he 0 engag$ to bless    
,francis1 mak+ ! sign ( ! cross on him  
:5ev] 8 fa!r curs$ him4 ,francis !n said
 to ,b]n>do3 ,believe me1 my fa!r1 t    
,god c give me1 & inde$ has giv5 me1    
ano!r fa!r1 f :om ,i receive bless+s =  
y\r curses4  ,8 bro!r ,angelo1 a "y man 
full ( ! love ( ! _w1 also mock$ him1 & 
turn$ him into ridicule4 ,see+ him "o   
day 9 *ur* %iv]+ ) cold 9 8 poor h]mit's
 dress1 & pray+ dev\tly1 he said to "o (
 8 fri5ds3 ,g & ask him to sell y a     
little ( 8 sweat6 ,francis repli$1 ,i d 
n *oose to sell my sweat to m52 ,i c    
sell x at a bett] price to ,god4 ,if all
 ,*ri/ians ?\ght ?us1 !y w\ld n suff]   
mu* pa9 = ! _w1 :i* pays s ill1 & !y    
w\ld d mu* = ,god1 :o rew>ds s          

magnific5tly4  ,! paup] ( ,jesus ,*ri/  
ga9$ _m o!r victories ov] himself 9 !   
que/ he _h tak5 ^u himself = ! build+ ( 
,/4 ,damian4 ,he suff]$ ) admirable     
pati5ce ! p]secution ( "s worldly       
p]sons1 :o treat$ him z a fool1 &       
insult$ him 9 a ?\s& ways4 ,e "t t x    
happ5$ to him to blu% :5 he met any ( 8 
acqua9tances or fri5ds1 he reprim&$     
himself z if he _h committ$ "s great    
fault2 he humbl$ himself ! m1 & begg$ = 
alms m submissively1 to take d[n all    
influ5ce ( pride4 ,"o day :5 he 0 begg+ 
= oil = two lamps :i* he wi%$ to keep   
con/antly burn+ be=e ! crucifix1 f :i* !
 miracul\s voice _h be5 he>d1 he w5t    
into a h\se :]e "s p]sons ( 8           
acqua9tance 7 collect$ toge!r = gam+4   
,_! sight /ruck him1 & gave him a feel+ 
( %ame :i* induc$ him to retire4 ,he _h 
sc>cely left ! door1 :51 ?9k+ on :at he 
_h done1 he consid]$ himself guilty ( a 
great want ( firmness1 & he imm$iately  
return$ to ! place :]e !y 7 at play1 he 
ackn[l$g$ 8 fault be=e all pres5t1 &    

begg$ boldly = ! lamps ( ! *ur* 9 !     
,fr5* language1 :i* set ! company into  
an immod]ate fit ( laught]4 ,su* ef=ts  
%[ ! tru? ( ! rem>k ( ,/4 ,ambrose3 t ! 
sa9ts 7 no less liable ?an ourselves to 
fall into faults2 b t !y _h great] c>e  
to practise virtue1 & to correct !      
faults into :i* !y fell4  ,pi\s &       
well-?9k+ p]sons rem>k$ t ! conduct (   
,francis 0 ma9ta9$ ) an equality (      
f]vor1 & !y f\nd a high degree ( wisdom 
9 :at appe>$ to ! g5]ality ( ! _w to be 
littl5ess ( m9d & folly4 ,^! op9ions    
gradually spread & br\ght ov] _m to     
e/eem & v5]ate him2 ev5 ^? :o _h despis$
 & insult$ him1 came =w>d to solicit 8  
=giv5ess4 ,! prior ( ! mona/]y :]e he _h
 s]v$ 9 ! kit*51 :o 0 !n at ,assisi1 &  
:o !re became acqua9t$ ) 8 r>e virtues1 
%[$ him great respect1 begg$ him to     
p>don ! treatm5t he _h receiv$1 & excus$
 himself1 by say+1 t he c\ld n !n be    
kn[n "u ! mis]able disguise "u :i* he _h
 hid himself4 ,! man :o _h =etold t he  
w\ld d great ?+s1 add$ to ?is pr$iction1

 :ile applaud+ himself3 ,y "k :at ,i    
be=e said to y ( ?is "y man2 y only see 
! beg9n+ ( 8 hol9ess1 b y w see !       
cont9uation3 ,jesus ,*ri/ w d wond]s    
?r\gh him1 :i* all ! _w w admire4  ,!   
dispositions :i* 7 n[ ent]ta9$ 9 8      
reg>d1 procur$ = him ! means ( complet+ 
! repairs ( ,/4 ,damian t[>ds ! close ( 
! ye> #abjf4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ?is "w1 x 0   
rem>k$ t he said to ^? :o pass$ by1     
,assi/ me 9 f9i%+ ?is build+2 !re w be a
 mona/]y "h "s day ( poor females ( holy
 life1 ^: reputation w t5d to glorify   
our ,heav5ly ,fa!r ?r\gh\t ,8 ,holy     
,*ur*4 ,?is 0 a real prophecy1 !        
accompli%m5t ( :i* 0 witness$ five ye>s 
aft]w>ds1 :5 he plac$ !re ! holy virg9  
,cl>e & h] companions1 :om he _h        
consecrat$ to ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,?is        
prophecy 0 s well kn[n1 t ,sa9t ,cl>e   
ins]t$ its v words 9 ! w %e made 9 ! ye>
 #abec4  ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! ye> #abjg1    
,francis1 n to rema9 idle1 und]took a   
new "w4 ,he propos$ to re/ore ! *ur* (  
,/4 ,pet]1 :i* 0 at a little di/ance f !

 t[n1 9 consequ5ce ( ! devotion ) :i* ! 
purity ( 8 fai? inspir$ him t[>ds !     
,pr9ce ( ! ,apo/les2 & ?is int5tion 0   
soon put 9 =ce1 because1 x hav+ be5 se5 
h[ c>efully he _h made use ( ! donations
 he _h receiv$ = 8 fir/ "w1 he 0 n[     
furni%$ ) :at he requir$1 m readily & m 
abundantly4 ,he n[ 0 desir\s ( effect+  
"s ess5tial repairs to a ?ird *ur* or   
*apel1 ab\t a mile f ,assisi1 :i* 0 v   
anci5t1 b s des]t$ & 9 su* a /ate ( ru91
 t x only s]v$ z a refuge = h]dsm5 9 bad
 wea!r3 its "n 0 ,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels1 &
 ,ottavio1 ,bi%op ( ,assisi1 ?us        
describes its f\ndation3  ,9 ! ye> (    
#ceb1 a ye> aft] ! appe>ance 9 ! heav5s 
( a lum9\s cross on ! #g? ( ,may1 9     
broad daylight1 ov] ! ,city ( ,j]usalem1
 :i* ext5d$ f ,m\nt ,calv>y to ! ,m\nta9
 ( ,olives1 a cross :i* 0 m brilliant   
?an ! sun1 z ,/4 ,cyril1 !n bi%op ( t   
city1 & "o ( ! eye-witnesses ( !        
ph5om5on1 relates 9 8 lett] to ! ,emp]or
 ,con/antius1--f\r holy h]mits came f   
,pale/9e into ,italy1 & obta9$ f ,pope  

,lib]ius leave to rema9 9 ! ,valley (   
,spoleto1 & settl$ !mselves 9 ! vic9ity 
( ,assisi1 ) ! p]mission ( ! au?orities 
( ! t[n4 ,!re !y built a *apel :i* 0    
call$ ,/4 ,m>y ( ,josaphat1 because !y  
plac$ 9 x a relic ( ! sepul*re ( !      
,bless$ ,virg91 & because ! alt> 0      
consecrat$ by ! title ( h] glori\s      
,assumption4 ,9 ! six? c5tury x 0 giv5  
to ! ,religi\s ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,b5$ict1 
:o enl>g$ & /r5g!n$ x2 & x 0 aft]w>ds   
call$ ,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels4 ,we %all    
soon expla9 ! reason ( ?is4 ,x 0 also   
call$ ,portiuncula1 because ( "s        
portions ( gr\nd :i* ! ,b5$ict9es (     
,m\nt ,saubazo possess$ 9 ! vic9ity4    
,we c easily und]/& t a man )\t any     
prop]ty1 :o 0 poor & a begg>1 c\ld n h  
accompli%$ ^! works )\t assi/ance f     
above2 b ,/4 ,bonav5ture f9ds 9 x a /ill
 fur!r my/]y4 ,he says t ,div9e         
,provid5ce1 :o guid$ ,francis 9 all 8   
actions1 preorda9$ ?+s 9 su* mann]1 t he
 repair$ ?ree *ur*es previ\s to in/itut+
 !re 8 ord]s1 9 ord] t ! mat]ial temples

 %\ld be ! types ( ! ?ree spiritual     
edifices :i* he 0 to raise up2 & t pass+
 f :at is p]ceptible to ! s5ses1 to :at 
is only app>5t to ! m9d1 & ris+         
gradually to :at is /ill m elevat$1 he 0
 enabl$ to give to ! ,*ur* ( ,jesus     
,*ri/ ?ree descriptions ( soldi]y able  
to combat = ! re=mation ( morals1 &     
wor?y to triumph glori\sly 9 heav54 ,we 
may add1 t ! au/]ities1 labors1 &       
humiliations ( ! s]vant ( ,god _h be5 = 
! two previ\s ye>s z s _m /rokes ( !    
hamm]1 :i* r5d]$ him a *os5 & liv+      
f\ndation-/one on :i* ^! sacr$ edifices 
might be bas$4 ,su* is ! me?od :i* is   
adopt$ by our ,"l4 ,he prep>es all ?+s1 
& br+s !m successively to p]fection2    
in/ead ( :i*1 m5 are always hurri$1 &   
(t5 endeavor 9 ! way to p]fection to    
advance fa/] ?an ! grace :i* directs !m4
  ,( ! ?ree *ur*es :i* ,francis _h      
repair$1 he *ose t ( ,/4 ,m>y ( !       
,angels = 8 resid5ce1 9 ord] to honor ! 
,"m ( ,god & ! ,cele/ial ,intellig5ces4 
,/4 ,bonav5ture says t he 0 (t5 favor$  

by visits f ,angels1 on acc\nt ( !      
frequ5t app>itions ( ^! bless$ spirits  
!re4 ,! man ( ,god pass$ days & nights  
!re 9 f]v5t pray]1 :5 he entreat$ !     
,bless$ ,virg91 t z %e _h conceiv$ &    
br\ght =? ! ,^w ( ! ,fa!r1 full ( grace 
& tru?1 %e w\ld h ! goodness to obta9 = 
him a p>ticipation !re92 x 0 !re also1  
t1 by ! m]its ( ?is p[]ful advocate1 he 
_h ! happ9ess to conceive & br+ =?1 if x
 may be s express$1 8 evangelical life2 
! preci\s fruit ( grace & tru?1 :i* !   
,son ( ,god _h come to br+ ^u e>?4  ,"o 
day :5 he 0 assi/+ 9 ?is *ur* at a mass 
( ! ,apo/les1 :i* he _h reque/$ ! prie/ 
( ,/4 ,damian to say1 he li/5$          
att5tively to ! ,gospel :]e ?is =m (    
life is prescrib$ by our ,savi\r = !    
mission ( ,8 ,apo/les3 ,d n possess     
gold1 nor silv]1 nor money 9 y\r purses2
 nor scrip = y\r j\rney1 nor two coats1 
nor %oes1 nor a /aff4 ,aft] mass1 he    
ask$ ! prie/ to expla9 ^! words to him2 
he und]/ood ! s5se ( !m well1 & impress$
 !m well on 8 he>t1 f9d+ 9 !m ! image ( 

t pov]ty :i* he lov$3 ,?is is :at ,i    
seek =1 he exclaim$1 q ov]joy$1 ?is is  
:at ,i desire ) my :ole he>t4 ,at ! same
 in/ant he ?rew away 8 purse ) a feel+ (
 horror = money1 he took (f 8 %oes1 he  
replac$ 8 lea!r girdle by a cord1 &     
devot$ 8 ?\ghts to putt+ 9 practice :at 
he _h j he>d1 & to con=m+ himself 9 all 
?+s to ! ,evangelical rule4 ,x is a     
vocation simil> to t ( ,/4 ,an?ony1 (   
:om ,/4 ,a?anasius relates1 t hav+ he>d 
9 ! *ur* ^! words ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ,if ?\
 wilt be p]fect1 g sell :at ?\ ha/1 &   
give x to ! poor1 he w5t imm$iately to  
put ?is c\nsel 9 practice1 9 ord] to    
atta9 p]fection4  ,! h]mit's tunic1 :i* 
,francis /ill reta9$1 appe>$ to him too 
delicate2 he !re=e got "o co>se & r\gh1 
( an a% gray1 :i* came d[n to ! feet1 & 
! sleeves ( :i* rea*$ to ! f+]s2 to ?is 
he add$ a hood1 :i* cov]$ suffici5tly ! 
head & face4 ,?is description ( dress he
 cont9u$ to we> dur+ ! rema9d] ( 8 life1
 except t ! tunic & hood _h sometimes m 
or less l5g? or bread?1 z is se5 9 8    

habits :i* are pres]v$ ) great v5]ation 
at ,assisi1 at ,m\nt ,alv]nia1 & at     
,flor5ce4 ,seek+ no?+ b pov]ty &        
humility1 he *ose ! dress t 0 ! pla9e/1 
! mo/ despicable1 & ! mo/ likely to make
 himself despis$ by ! _w1 ^: vanities he
 held 9 utt] contempt2 x 0 also ! dress 
mo/ l to t ( ! %eph]ds1 & o!r c\ntry    
peasants1 :o *ose x to protect !m f !   
wea!r2 or r he imitat$ ! prophets1 :o   
only cov]$ !mselves ) a sack1 to :i* he 
aft]w>ds add$ a %ort cloak4  ,all !     
ev5ts j n>rat$ happ5$ 9 ! ye> #abjh1 :i*
 is reckon$ ! fir/ ye> ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4  
,francis1 because x is ! "o 9 :i* he    
took ! habit1 :i* he gave 9 ! foll[+ ye>
 to su* z *ose to imitate him1 & 9 :i* !
 fir/ /one 0 laid :i* s]v$ z a f\ndation
 = ?is spiritual edifice4  ,!n ,god     
inspir$ him to prea*1 to exhort s9n]s to
 rep5tance1 & to cause evangelical      
p]fection to be lov$ 9 ! _w4 ,al?\gh he 
express$ himself 9 a v pla9 mann]1 8    
disc\rses _h no?+ 9 !m t 0 l[2 !y 7     
solid & animat$ ) ! ,_s ( ,god1 & s     

effectually p5etrat$ ! he>ts ( 8 he>]s1 
t e "o 0 surpris$ at x4 ,he always began
 !m by ! foll[+ salutation1 :i* he      
aft]w>ds decl>$ _h be5 reveal$ to him by
 ,god2 ,may ! ,"l grant y ,8 peace4 ,x 0
 notic$ t a v pi\s man1 :o 0 9 ! habit (
 address+ ! two foll[+ words to all :om 
he met1 ,peace & weal1--,peace & weal6 0
 n se5 9 ,assisi aft] ,francis began to 
prea*2 z if he wi%$ x to be und]/ood t 8
 mission _h end$ by ! pres5ce ( him ^:  
precursor he 04 ,9 fact1 ?is new prea*] 
0 9 tru? an angel ( peace s5t f heav5 to
 reconcile a great numb] ( s9n]s )      
,jesus ,*ri/1 & to draw d[n on !m all   
sorts ( b5efits4  ,he jo9$ to ! m9i/ry (
 ! ^w ! ex]cise ( e sort ( virtue1 &    
appli$ himself p>ticul>ly to pray]1 :]e 
! suff]+s ( our ,bless$ ,savi\r made su*
 impression on 8 s\l t he groan$ & sobb$
 al\d1 :5 he f\nd himself at lib]ty4 ,"o
 ( 8 fri5ds1 pass+ by ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,m>y 
( ! ,angels1 hav+ he>d him1 w5t 91 &    
see+ him ba!d 9 te>s1 reproa*$ him ) x z
 ( a weakness unbecom+ 9 a man4 ,i weep 

= ! ,passion ( my ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1     
answ]$ ,francis1 & ,i ought n to be     
a%am$ ( weep+ op5ly be=e ! :ole _w4 ,?is
 enviable emotion 0 9 ! he>t ( ,/4      
,augu/91 :5 he said to 8 p3 ,! ,passion 
( ,jesus ,*ri/1 :i* ! ,*ur* puts e ye>  
be=e u1 moves & affects u z if we saw   
,him p]sonally /ret*$ on ! cross2 !re   
are none b ! impi\s :o c be ins5sible to
 x4--,z = me1 ,i wi% to lam5t ) y 9     
consid]+ ?is affect+ spectacle4 ,?is is 
! "t 9 :i* to weep1 to ackn[l$ge        
ourselves crim9als1 & to pray = m]cy4   
,:i* ( u w\ld h x 9 8 p[] to %$ a       
suffici5cy ( te>s to equal ! m]it ( s   
great & s wor?y a subject ( grief8 ,e   
,*ri/ian ought to blu%1 if he is want+ 9
 ^! s5tim5ts ( gratitude & love4  ,!    
words & actions ( ,francis soon became  
nois$ abroad4 ,"s became conv]t$1 &     
embrac$ ! p5it5tial c\rse he prea*$4    
,o!rs =m$ ! resolution ( leav+ all &    
jo9+ him4 ,! fir/ 0 ,b]n>d de           
,qu9tavalle1 a ri* & discreet man1 ( "o 
( ! be/ families ( ,assisi1 :o _h great 

influ5ce 9 ! t[n1 & guid$ x by 8 advice4
 ,?is respectable man1 z ,/4 ,bonav5ture
 call$ him1 consid]+ ! contempt ) :i*   
,francis view$ all ! ?+s ( ?is _w1 0    
desir\s ( asc]ta9+ :e!r x 0 9 tru? an   
effect ( sanctity1 or ( littl5ess ( m9d4
 ,he invit$ him1 !re=e1 to supp] & to   
sleep at 8 h\se1 & _h a b$ prep>$ = him 
9 8 room4 ,:ile he feign$ to sleep      
s\ndly1 he saw by ! light ( a lamp      
,francis get up1 fall on 8 knees1 melt  
into te>s1 8 eyes rais$ to heav51 8 arms
 cross$1 pron\nce sl[ly ^! words3 ,deus 
meus et omnia1--,my ,god1 & my all1 :i* 
he repeat$ dur+ ! :ole night4 ,s ard5t &
 s t5d] an expression is q conv9c+ t he 
0 !n 9 an exalt$ /ate ( contemplation1  
:]e int]ior communications made him     
s5sible t ! ,"l 0 especially 8 ,god1 &  
fill$ ! :ole s\l4 ,happy he :o c ) tru? 
say1 ,deus meus et omnia4 ,= ?is x is   
requisite t he %\ld belong :olly to     
,god1 & t ! _w %\ld be no?+ to him4     
,b]n>d did n int]rupt ,francis 9 8 holy 
ex]cise1 b1 fill$ ) devotional feel+s1  

he said to himself1 ,truly ?is is a man 
( ,god4 ,aft] hav+ put him to o!r pro(s1
 he resolv$ to give all 8 goods to !    
poor & foll[ him1 & he put ?is "q to    
him3 ,if a man _h receiv$ f 8 ma/] a    
c]ta9 portion = sev]al ye>s1 & !n wi%$  
no long] to make use ( x1 :at d y ?9k x 
w\ld be be/ = him to d8 ,francis said 9 
answ]1 t he ought to return x to ! ma/] 
f :om he _h receiv$ x4 ,x is ,i1 repli$ 
,b]n>d1 :o h receiv$ a great deal f     
,god1 & mu* m ?an ,i h des]v$2 ,i return
 x will+ly into ,8 h&s1 & place x at y\r
 disposal2 = ,i mean to atta* myself to 
y4 ,at ^! words1 ,francis1 delight$ to  
f9d t ,god began ! accompli%m5t ( 8     
works by s wor?y a p]sonage3 ,y\r       
int5tion1 he said1 is "o ( great        
importance2 y mu/ consult ,god ^u x1 to 
le>n f ,him h[ y are to put x 9         
execution4 ,e>ly to-morr[ morn+ we w ask
 ! ,curate ( ,/4 ,ni*olas1 :o is kn[n to
 be a mo/ wor?y man1 to say a mass = u1 
& aft] hav+ he>d x1 we w cont9ue 9 pray]
 till ! h\r ( ,ti]ce4 ,we see 9 ?is !   

mode ( act+ ( "o :o has ! _s ( ,god2 he 
hurries no?+1 he has rec\rse to pray]1 &
 he makes use ( ! ord9>y practices ( !  
,*ur*4  ,! foll[+ day !y did :at !y _h  
propos$2 aft] :i*1 ,francis1 :o _h great
 devotion to ! ?ree ,p]sons ( ! ,bless$ 
,tr9ity1 op5$ ?ree times 9 _! honor !   
book ( ! ,gospels1 entreat+ ! ,almighty 
to confirm1 by ! te/imony ( _! texts1   
,b]n>d's holy resolution4 ,at ! fir/    
op5+ !y f\nd ! foll[+3 ,if ?\ wilt be   
p]fect1 g sell all ?\ ha/1 & give x to !
 poor4 ,at ! second3 ,take no?+ = !     
j\rney4 ,at ! ?ird3 ,if any man w come  
aft] ,me1 let him d5y himself1 & take up
 ! cross1 & foll[ ,me4 ,!n ,francis1    
address+ himself to ,b]n>d1 said3 ,!re  
is ! life we mu/ lead1 ! rule we mu/    
foll[1 y & ,i1 & all ^? :o %all desire  
to jo9 u4 ,g ?\ & put 9 execution :at ?\
 ha/ j he>d4  ,! new disciple1          
intimately conv9c$ t 8 design came f    
,god1 sold1 z fa/ z he c\ld1 all 8      
effects1 f :i* he got a consid]able sum1
 :i* he _h c>ri$ to ! ,squ>e ( ,/4      

,george1 & di/ribut$ x entirely among ! 
poor :om he c\ld collect4 ,francis !n   
gave him a habit simil> to 8 own2 he    
call$ him 8 elde/ son1 & 0 always t5d]ly
 atta*$ to him3 he 0 inde$ a mo/ holy   
man4  ,pet] ( ,catania1 ,canon ( ! ,*ur*
 ( ,/4 ,ruff9us1 ! ,ca!dral ( ,assisi1  
edifi$ by ! self-d5ial & *>ity ( ,b]n>d1
 0 dispos$ to become a disciple ( ! same
 ma/]1 & receiv$ ! p5it5tial habit on ! 
same day1 :i* 0 ! #af? ( ,april4 ,all   
?ree retir$ to a hut :i* _h be5 des]t$1 
ne> to a rivulet call$ ,rivo ,torto1 on 
acc\nt ( its w9d+ s v mu*4  ,sev5 days  
aft] t1 a v pi\s man call$ ,giles1 :o 0 
greatly look$ up to 9 ,assisi1 on 8     
return f ! c\ntry le>nt :at 8 two       
fell[-citiz5s _h done1 :i* _h excit$ !  
admiration ( ! :ole t[n1 & felt an ard5t
 wi% to imitate !m1 & ?us c>ry out an   
int5tion he _h ent]ta9$ ( devot+ himself
 to ! s]vice ( ,god4 ,he pass$ ! foll[+ 
night 9 pray]1 :5 he 0 inspir$ to (f]   
himself to ,francis1 = :om he _h already
 great e/eem1 on acc\nt ( ! extreme     

contempt ( ! _w & ( himself1 :i* 0      
rem>k$ 9 ! :ole ( 8 conduct4 ,9 ! morn+ 
he w5t to ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,george1 ^:     
fe/ival x 01 !re to implore ! sa9t's    
int]cession1 t he might f9d him :om he 0
 seek+1 ( ^: abode he 0 ignorant4 ,see+ 
out ( ! t[n ?ree roads1 )\t kn[+ :i* to 
take1 he address$ ! foll[+ pray] to     
,god3 ,o ,"l1 mo/ holy ,fa!r1 ,i entreat
 ,!e by ,?y m]cy1 if ,i am to p]sev]e 9 
?is holy vocation1 s to guide my /eps t 
,i may arrive at ! place :]e ,?y s]vant 
lives :om ,i am seek+4 ,he took "o ( !  
?ree roads z ,god inspir$ him2 & z he   
walk$ full ( 8 holy project1 ,francis1  
:o 0 at pray] 9 a neighbor+ wood1 came  
out to meet him4  ,z soon z ,giles saw  
him1 he w5t to him1 & ?rew himself at 8 
feet1 & begg$ ! favor ( be+ receiv$ into
 8 society4 ,! holy man1 :o 0 at once   
satisfi$ ( ! fai? & piety ( ! po/ulant1 
repli$3 ,my bro!r1 y\r reque/ is t ,god 
w\ld receive y z ,8 s]vant & soldi]4    
,?is is no small favor4 ,x is z if !    
emp]or 7 to come to ,assisi1 & wi% to   

make *oice ( a favorite2 ea* "o w\ld    
say1 ',i wi% to ,god x may be myself4'  
,x is ?us ,god has made *oice ( y4 ,he  
assur$ him t 8 vocation came f heav5 &  
exhort$ him to p]sev]e4 ,!n pres5t+ him 
to ,b]tr& & ,pet]1 he said3 ,"h is a    
good bro!r1 :om ,god has s5t u4 ,& :5 he
 0 alone ) !m1 he told !m t ,giles w\ld 
"o day excel 9 sublime virtue4  ,aft] a 
sl5d] meal1 & a spiritual conf]5ce1     
,francis set out ) 8 new po/ulant =     
,assisi1 to procure :at 0 requisite =   
clo?+4 ,on ! way1 a woman hav+ ask$     
*>ity ( !m1 ! ,sa9t turn$ to ,giles1 & )
 an angelic c\nt5ance1 said3 ,my de>    
bro!r1 let u give ?is poor woman ! cloak
 y h on = ! love ( ,god4 ,giles gave x  
imm$iately1 & x seem$ to him t ?is alms 
asc5d$ to heav51 :i* fill$ him ) great  
joy4 ,!y begg$ at ,assisi = "s v co>se  
clo?1 ) :i* ,francis clo!d 8 ?ird       
disciple1 9 ! small hut :]e he in/ruct$ 
him 9 ! religi\s ex]cises ( a religi\s  
life4  ,francis did n p]mit 8 disciples 
long to enjoy ! sweetness ( a life (    

retirem5t4 ,hav+ in=m$ !m t !y 7 b\nd to
 g =? to in/ruct _! neighbors by un/udi$
 words & an edify+ life1 he s5t ,b]n>d &
 ,pet] into ,emilia1 & set out himself )
 ,giles = ! ,m>* ( ,ancona4  ,^!        
apo/olic m5 prea*$ ev]y:]e ! gr&eur &   
goodness ( ,god1 ! obligation ( ea* "o  
to love ,him1 to obey ,8 love1 & to d   
p5ance4 ,:5 !y want$ ! necess>ies (     
life1 !y rejoic$1 z if x 7 a treasure t 
!y _h pur*as$ at ! price ( all !y _h    
possess$4 ,"s p]sons receiv$ !m         
oblig+ly1 & did !m good (fices2 b !     
s+ul>ity ( _! dress1 & ! rigor ( _! mode
 ( life1 %ock$ mo/ ( ^? :o saw !m4 ,!y 7
 ev5 frequ5tly insult$1 cov]$ ) mud1    
dragg$ by _! hood1 & sev]ely beat53 ?is 
!y joyfully bore1 judg+ f ! int]ior     
pr(it :i* !y d]iv$ f x1 t x 0 greatly to
 _! advantage4  ,_! virtue1 nev]!less1  
caus$ !m to be treat$ at times )        
respect1 & honors 7 ev5 r5d]$ to !m4    
,?is mortifi$ !m1 ,giles 9 p>ticul>1 :o 
only glori$ 9 ! mortifications :i* he   
suff]$ = ,jesus ,*ri/'s sake1 & c\ld n  

be> to be s honor$4 ,he said to 8 fa!r3 
,:5 m5 honor u1 we lose our glory4 ,he  
also express$ to him 8 dissatisfaction t
 ! mode ( greet+ :i* he _h taught !m1   
,may ! ,"l grant y ,8 peace1 0 ill      
receiv$ by ! m5 ( ! _w4 ,p>don !m1      
repli$ ,francis1 = !y "k n :at !y d4 ,i 
v]ily assure y t h]eaft] !re w be _m    
nobles & pr9ces :o w respect y & y\r    
bre?r51 :5 y %all address ^? words to   
!m4 ,he =etold to him likewise t 8      
,in/itute w\ld spread1 & t x might aptly
 be comp>$ to a net :i* a fi%]man ca/s  
into ! riv]1 ) :i* he cat*es a multitude
 ( fi%4  ,! pi\s mission>ies hav+ gone  
?r\gh sev]al t[ns1 & giv5 great         
satisfaction1 return$ to ! hut at ,rivo 
,torto1 :5 a f\r? disciple (f]$ himself3
 8 "n 0 ,sabbat94  ,morique1 a religi\s 
( ! ,ord] ( ,crosi]s1 or cross-be>]s1 0 
! fif?4 ,be+ sick1 & 9 extremity1 giv5  
ov] & ab&on$ by ! m$ical m5 ( ! hospital
 ( ,/4 ,savi\r ( ,assisi1 :]e all       
/rang]s 7 receiv$1 he got himself       
recomm5d$ to ! pray]s ( ,francis1 :o    

will+ly pray$ = him1 & mix$ a little    
crumb ( bread ) ! oil ( ! lamp :i* burnt
 be=e ! alt> ( ,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels4    
,?is he s5t him by two ( 8 bre?r51 say+ 
to !m3 ,take ?is to our de> ,bro!r      
,morique4 ,! p[] ( ,jesus ,*ri/ w n only
 re/ore him to p]fect heal?1 b w cause  
him to become a g5]\s soldi]1 :o w ent] 
into our militia1 & w p]sev]e 9 x4 ,!   
sick man _h h>dly swall[$ ! rem$y :5 he 
0 q cur$1 & he soon aft] ent]$ !        
,in/itute ( 8 *>itable physician1 9 :i* 
he liv$ 9 prodigi\s au/]ity dur+ a long 
life1 & enjoy$ p]fect heal?4  ,a six?   
disciple1 call$ ,john1 & surnam$ ,de    
,capella1 began well1 b f9i%$ ill4 ,he 0
 employ$ to di/ribute to 8 bre?r5 :at 0 
giv5 to !m 9 alms1 & he took will+ly !  
tr\ble ( procur+ = !m :at 0 want$4 ,b by
 little & little he got atta*$ to       
temporal ?+s1 w5t too mu* abroad1 & 0 v 
mu* relax$ f ! regul> discipl9e4 ,! holy
 f\nd] hav+ frequ5tly reprim&$ him      
sev]ely1 & )\t effect1 he ?reat5$ him = 
8 contumacy ) a sev]e illness & a       

mis]able dea?4 ,9 fact1 ?is unwor?y     
religi\s 0 /rick5 ) a horrible leprosy1 
:i* he _h n pati5ce to endure4 ,he =sook
 ! poor ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 8 companions1 &1
 lett+ himself fall into despair1 he    
hang$ himself1 z ,judas _h done4  ,/4   
,antonius rem>ks t ! life ( ,/4 ,francis
 0 9 con=mity ) t ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ev5 9 
! circum/ance ( hav+ _h an unwor?y      
disciple4 ,he only became su* by 8      
deprav$ w2 b ,god 9 ,8 wisdom made him  
s]ve z an example to %[ t we may be lo/ 
ev5 9 ! mo/ holy /ates ( life if we     
cease to labor ) fe> & trembl+ = our    
salvation4 ,pet] ,rodulphus1 ,bi%op (   
,s9igaglia1 9 ! ,du*y ( ,urb9o1 adds1 t 
! loss ( "o ( ! fir/ *ildr5 ( ,/4       
,francis1 & /ill m t ( ,judas 9 !       
,apo/olic ,college1 %\ld induce ^? :o   
are incl9$ to ?9k ill & contemptibly ( a
 :ole ord]1 on acc\nt ( ! ill-behavior (
 "s individual1 to re=m _! me?od ( =m+  
_! op9ions4  ,among ! in/ructions :i*   
,francis gave to 8 disciples1 he laid   
great /ress on pov]ty1 ! practice ( :i* 

might appe> to !m to be v sev]e4 ,9 ord]
 to r5d] !m wise h]e9 by exp]i5ce1 & to 
make !m feel t _! subsi/5ce dep5d$ on ! 
*>ity ( ! fai?ful1 he took !m all into  
,assisi1 & made !m beg f door to door4  
,?is volunt>y m5dicity1 :i* seem$ new1 &
 :i* _h h>dly be5 se5 till !n1 drew d[n 
^u !m d]ision1 contempt1 rebuffs1 &     
angry words4 ,9 "o place !y 7 treat$ z  
slugg>ds & idl]s1 & turn$ away ) curses2
 9 ano!r !y 7 told !y 7 fools to h giv5 
up _! own prop]ty to g begg+ f o!r p4 ,!
 p>5ts & relatives ( ^? :o 7 ?us begg+1 
ass]t$ t _! families 7 di%onor$ by ^!   
practices1 & made l\d compla9ts4 ,!re 71
 h[ev]1 "s :o respect$ _! pov]ty1 & aid$
 !m ) good w4 ,su* 0 ! feel+ ( ! public 
( ^? times 9 reg>d to evangelical       
pov]ty1 :i* diff]s b little f :at x is 9
 our own days4  ,aft] ?is que/1 ,francis
 w5t to report to ! ,bi%op ( ,assisi !  
proce$+s ( 8 new soldi]s4 ,?is wor?y    
prelate1 :o greatly valu$ him1 & gave   
him 8 support on all occasions1 c\ld n  
help tell+ him !n1 t he ?\ght ! sort (  

life he _h *os51 9 :i* !y gave up all   
possessions :atsoev]1 h>d & griev\s4 ,z 
to me1 repli$ ! holy man1 ,i f9d x /ill 
h>d] & m griev\s to possess any?+2 = "o 
_c take c>e ( :at "o possesses )\t mu*  
solicitude & emb>rassm5t4 ,x gives rise 
to lawsuits1 :i* mu/ be und]tak52       
sometimes p are oblig$ to take up arms  
to protect x2 & all ?is ext+ui%es ! love
 ( ,god & ( our neighbor4 ,! bi%op      
approv$ ( 8 rem>ks1 & once m promis$ him
 8 protection4 ,x is true t ! /ate (    
volunt>y pov]ty 9 :i* a p]son possesses 
no?+ :atev]1 has its inconv5i5ces2 & :]e
 does human corruption fail to f9d su*8 
,b x _c be d5i$ t ! /ate 9 "q is v      
favorable to salvation1 s9ce x is bas$  
^u ! c\nsel ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 & t1 on !   
contr>y1 ! possession ( prop]ty is      
dang]\s = salvation1 s9ce ,he ,himself  
has said emphatically3 ,h[ h>dly %all !y
 t h ri*es ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god4    
,:ile ! ,evangelical poor cont9u$ at    
,rivo ,torto1 ! ,emp]or ,o?o ,,iv1 :o 0 
on 8 way to ,rome ) a great tra91 9 ord]

 to be consecrat$ & cr[n$ by ,innoc5t   
,,iii1 pass$ by _! hut4 ,!y 7 too       
mortifi$ to pay any att5tion to ! pomp (
 8 ret9ue2 b ,francis ord]$ "o ( !m to g
 to ! emp]or & tell him t all ! glory   
:i* surr\nd$ him w\ld be b ( %ort       
duration4 ,! religi\s obey$1 & boldly   
told ! emp]or :at _h be5 comm&$4 ,!     
pr$iction displeas$ ! pr9ce1 :o1        
nev]!less1 admitt$ f ! ev5t t x 0 well  
f\nd$4 ,=1 hav+ violat$ 8 coronation    
oa?1 & committ$ v>i\s inju/ices t[>ds ! 
,*ur*1 he 0 excommunicat$ ! foll[+ ye>  
by ! same ,pope2 & aft]w>ds depriv$ ( 8 
empire1 & ab&on$ by ! :ole _w4 ,x is ?us
 t ! greatness ( ! _w1 s fickle 9       
itself1 & always put an end to by dea?1 
falls sometimes ev5 be=e t1 by          
misconduct1 & by ! j judgm5ts ( ,god4   
,zeal = ! salvation ( s\ls induc$       
,francis to move 8 small troop into !   
,valley ( ,rieti4 ,he halt$ at an ab&on$
 h]mitage on a l>ge rock1 :i* he ?\ght  
to be a conv5i5t place = ent]+ into     
conv]sation ) ,god4  ,be+ at pray] "o   

day on ?is rock1 & rum9at+ 9 ! bitt]ness
 ( 8 s\l on 8 pa/ ye>s1 he 0 assur$1 by 
a fre% inspiration ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 t 8 
s9s 7 =giv5 him1 :i* fill$ him ) joy4   
,we _c d\bt b t 8 s9s _h be5 remitt$ him
 at ! p]iod ( 8 conv]sion1 by s9c]e     
contrition & ! sacram5t ( p5ance4 ,b 9  
?is happy mom5t he receiv$ ! assurance  
!re( by revelation1 & he le>nt at ! same
 "t t ! remission 0 entire1 t is to say1
 t all ! temporal puni%m5t due to 8 s9s 
_h be5 remitt$4  ,/4 ,bridget1 ^:       
revelations are sanction$ & respect$ by 
! ,*ur*1 relates t %e le>nt f our       
,savi\r t1 :5 ,francis retir$ f ! _w to 
ent] on ! way ( p]fection1 he obta9$ f  
,god a lively sorr[ = 8 s9s1 :i* enabl$ 
him to say3 ,!re is no?+ on e>? :i* ,i  
am n he>tily will+ to give up2 no?+ s   
labori\s & s toilsome t ,i w\ld n       
joyfully endure1 no?+ t ,i w\ld n       
und]take1 accord+ to ! /r5g? ( my body &
 s\l1 = ! glory ( my ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/2 &
 ,i w1 z f> z is possible1 excite &     
induce all o!rs to love ,god ) _! :ole  

he>ts1 & above all o!r ?+s4 ,su*        
beautiful s5tim5ts1 well liv$ up to &   
exemplifi$ by actions & conduct1 w\ld   
give u1 n an entire assurance z to !    
remission ( our s9s1 b a firm &         
well-f\nd$ confid5ce !re(4  ,! holy     
p5it5t receiv$ ) ?is pl5>y indulg5ce !  
grace ( an ec/asy1 :]e91 by a bright    
illum9ation f on high1 ,god communicat$ 
to him :at 0 to occur to 8 ord]4 ,:5 he 
return$ to jo9 8 disciples he           
said3--,take c\rage1 my de> *ildr51     
rejoice 9 ! ,"l4 ,be n ca/ d[n at !     
smallness ( y\r numb]s4 ,let n my       
simplicity nor y\rs al>m y1 = ,god has  
%[n me cle>ly t1 by ,8 bless+1 ,he w    
spread ?is family ( :i* ,he is ! ,fa!r1 
into all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,i %\ld wi% to be 
sil5t on all t ,i h se51 b *>ity compels
 me to communicate x to y4 ,i saw a     
great multitude com+ to u to take a     
simil> habit1 & to lead ! same life4 ,i 
saw all ! roads fill$ ) m5 :o walk$     
hi!r1 & ha/5$ !mselves v mu*4 ,!y came 9
 great numb]s1 ,fr5*1 ,spani>ds1        

,g]mans1 ,engli%1 & f almo/ all nations4
 ,! noise ( su* z come & g1 to execute !
 ord]s ( holy ob$i5ce1 /ill s\nds 9 my  
e>s4  ,s magnific5t a pr$iction rem9ds u
 ( ! prophet ,isaias on ! e/abli%m5t ( !
 ,*ur*3 ,j]usalem1 ?\ :o saye/1 ,i am   
b>r56 lift up ?9e eyes & look all ar\nd 
!e4 ,all ?is va/ multitude surr5d]s     
itself up to !e4 ,i see !m com+ f       
af>--"s f ! ,nor?1 o!rs f ! ,we/1 o!rs f
 ! l& ( ! ,s\?2 a ?\s& w come =? f !    
smalle/ among !m1 & f ! v lea/ a great  
p4  ,! ev5t has v]ifi$1 9 ! eyes ( !    
univ]se1 ! prophecy ( ! holy ,patri>*4  
,!re 0 9 a v %ort "t a great numb] (    
religi\s2 8 ord] ext5d$ itself to all   
p>ts ) a/oni%+ rapidity1 & x has        
multipli$ itself s wond]fully = sev5    
c5turies1 t x may be look$ ^u z a       
repres5tation ( ! bir? & progress ( !   
,*ur*4  ,! disciples1 greatly com=t$ by 
:at !y _h j he>d & p]suad$ t _! ma/] _h 
! _s ( prophecy1 entreat$ him to in=m !m
 :at w\ld 9 future be ! situation ( 8   
,ord]4 ,he expla9$ to !m 9 p>ables !    

good :i* w\ld be effect$ by x1 & at !   
same "t ! relaxations :i* w\ld be       
introduc$ into its discipl9e1 9 ord] t !
 graces ( ,god1 :i* 7 to be be/[$ on x1 
might excite _! utmo/ gratitude1 & t !  
fe> ( _! weakness & want ( f]vor might  
r5d] !m vigilant & humble4  ,! odor (   
sanctity :i* issu$ ?r\gh ! environs ( ! 
h]mitage1 & ! hol9ess ( _! lives1 br\ght
 _m p]sons to !m = in/ruction1 & to     
pr(it f ! edification !y w\ld receive4  
,a v wor?y p]son1 ^: "n 0 ,philip !     
,long1 0 desir\s ( ent]+ ! /ate (       
,evangelical pov]ty4 ,francis made him 8
 sev5? disciple1 & he br\ght !m all back
 to ! hut at ,rivo ,torto4 ,9 ?is holy  
retreat he spoke to !m frequ5tly ( !    
,k+dom ( ,god1 ( ! contempt ( ! _w1 (   
r5\nc+ ( _! own w1 ( ! mortification ( !
 s5ses1 & o!r maxims ( a spiritual life4
 ,he op5$ to !m also 8 int5tion ( s5d+  
!m into ! f\r p>ts ( ! _w2 =1 ) ! sev5  
*ildr5 :i* evangelical pov]ty &         
simplicity _h giv5 him1 x 0 8 wi% to br+
 all ! fai?ful to p5ance1 & to g5]ate !m

 9 "s measure anew by ! ^w ( tru?1 to   
give !m1 or r to re/ore !m1 to ,jesus   
,*ri/4 ,9 f9e1 he told all 8 disciples  
op5ly1 b ) great humility1 t ! ,div9e   
,maje/y _h1 9 ,8 wisdom1 decid$ to      
employ !m1 & ! companions !y %\ld       
aggregate to _! community1 to r5ew !    
face ( ! e>?1 by _! prea*+ & _! example1
 9 ord] t ! losses ! ,*ur* _h su/a9$ by 
! corruption ( morals1 might be made    
good2 & t x 0 = ?is purpose t grace _h  
put x 9 _! p[] s promptly to ex]cise !  
holy m9i/ry4 ,9 ord] to prep>e !m = ?is 
mission1 he made !m ! foll[+ disc\rse1  
:i* is wor?y ( be+ record$ at full l5g?1
 9 ! words 9 :i* x has be5 pres]v$ by 8 
companions1 to :om x 0 address$3--  ,let
 u consid]1 my de> bre?r51 :at our      
vocation is4 ,x is n only = our own     
salvation t ,god has call$ u by ,8 m]cy1
 b x is = ! salvation ( _m o!rs4 ,x is 9
 ord] t we %\ld exhort all ! _w1 m by   
example ?an by words1 to d p5ance & to  
keep ! ,div9e precepts4 ,we are look$ ^u
 z s5seless & contemptible1 b let n ?is 

depress y2 take c\rage1 & be confid5t t 
our ,"l1 :o conqu]$ ! _w1 w speak       
efficaci\sly ?r\gh y4 ,let u be cauti\s1
 aft] hav+ giv5 up all1 n to lose !     
k+dom ( heav5 = a trifl+ ga94 ,if we f9d
 money any:]e1 let u consid] x z        
valueless z ! du/ :i* we tread "u our   
feet4 ,let u n judge & despise ! ri* :o 
live 9 luxury & we> ! ornam5ts ( vanity4
 ,god is _! ,"l1 z ,he is ours2 ,he may 
call !m & ju/ify !m2 we mu/ honor !m z  
our bre?r51 & z our ma/]s4 ,!y are our  
bre?r51 because we h all ! same ,mak]2 &
 !y are our ma/]s1 because !y befri5d ! 
good by ! assi/ance !y af=d !m4 ,g !n1 &
 exhort m5 to d p5ance = ! remission (  
_! s9s1 & = peace4 ,y w f9d "s among !  
fai?ful mild & good1 :o w receive y )   
pleasure & will+ly li/5 to y4 ,o!rs1 on 
! contr>y1 p )\t religion1 pr\d &       
viol5t1 w c5sure y1 & be v ho/ile to y4 
,b make up y\r m9ds to be> all ?is )    
humble pati5ce1 & let no?+ al>m y4 ,9 a 
v %ort "t _m le>n$ & noble p]sons w jo9 
!mselves to y1 to prea* to k+s1 to      

pr9ces1 & to nations4 ,be !re=e pati5t 9
 tribulations1 f]v5t 9 pray]1 & fe>less 
9 labor4 ,be unassum+ 9 spee*1 be grave 
9 y\r mann]1 & grateful = ! favors &    
b5efits y may receive4 ,! k+dom ( ,god1 
:i* is et]nal1 w be y\r rew>d4 ,i       
entreat ! "o & only ,god1 :o lives &    
reigns 9 ?ree ,p]sons1 to grant x to u1 
z ,he d\btless w grant x to u1 if we are
 fai?ful to fulfil all t we h volunt>ily
 promis$4  ,?is disc\rse fill$ !m ) fre%
 ardor4 ,!y ?rew !mselves at ! feet ( ! 
holy man1 & joyfully receiv$ ! ord]s he 
gave !m1 9 address+ to ea* "o ( !m ^!   
words ( ! psalmi/1 :i* he 0 accu/om$ to 
repeat :5 he gave ^? in/ructions :i*    
requir$ ob$i5ce3 ,ca/ ?y c>e ^u ! ,"l1 &
 ,he %all su/a9 !e4 ,hav+ divid$ ! r\tes
 !y 7 to take1 by =m+ a cross :i* po9t$ 
to ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! globe1 & kn[+ t he 0
 to be ! model = 8 bre?r51 he took "o   
side = himself ) a companion1 & s5t !   
o!r six1 two & two1 to ! o!r sides4     
,:]ev] !y f\nd a *ur*1 !y pro/rat$ &    
made use ( ?is =mula1 :i* !y _h le>nt f 

_! ,fa!r3 ,we adore ,!e1 ,o mo/ holy ,"l
 ,jesus ,*ri/6 "h & 9 all ,?y *ur*es :i*
 are 9 ! :ole _w1 & we bless ,!e = hav+ 
r$eem$ ! _w by ,?y holy cross4 ,!y _h a 
great v5]ation = all *apels1 = all      
crosses1 & = all t _h any relation to ! 
wor%ip ( ,god4 ,z soon z any "o address$
 !m1 !y wi%$ him peace1 & in/ruct$ him 9
 ! way to ga9 x4 ,if any "o appe>$ to !m
 to h /ray$ f ! way ( salvation1 !y     
endeavor$ to br+ him back 9 a mild &    
humble mann]4 ,9 _! s]mons !y spoke     
+5u\sly :atev] 0 inspir$ !m by ! ,holy  
,gho/1 po9t$ out ! true way to heav51   
%[$ :at 7 ! duties ( *>ity1 & endeavor$ 
to br+ all to love & fe> ! ,creator &   
keep ,8 holy comm&m5ts4  ,:5 !y 7 ask$ f
 :at c\ntry !y came1 & to :at pr(ession 
!y belong$1 !y repli$3 ,we are p5it5ts  
come f ,assisi2 = !y w\ld n z yet give !
 "n ( religion to _! society4 ,!re 7    
wor?y p :o receiv$ !m ) pleasure2 b !re 
7 _m o!rs :o disapprov$ ( _! habit1 _!  
in/itute1 _! disc\rses1 imag9+ also t x 
0 dang]\s to give !m h\se-room1 & t alms

 ought n ev5 to be giv5 to !m2 s t ^!   
poor ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ca/ (f on all      
sides1 _h (t5 to pass ! nights "u       
porticos4  ,b]n>d & ,giles w5t z f> z   
,flor5ce4 ,a pi\s individual nam$ ,guy  
(f]$ !m "s money1 :i* !y refus$1 & :5 x 
0 wi%$ to "k f !m1 :y1 be+ s poor1 !y   
w\ld n take x1 !y made ?is answ]3 ,we h 
left all t we possess$1 accord+ to !    
,evangelical c\nsel4 ,we h volunt>ily   
embrac$ pov]ty1 & we h r5\nc$ ! use (   
money4 ,s p]fect a deta*m5t1 jo9$ to an 
ard5t zeal = ! salvation ( s\ls1 & to   
sublime virtues1 & p>ticul>ly a pati5ce 
full ( meekness & *>ity 9 ! mid/ (      
insults & injuri\s treatm5t1 caus$ !m to
 be look$ ^u 9 ! t[n z holy p]sonages2  
!y 7 consult$ 9 cases ( consci5ce1 &    
dwell+s 7 (f]$ !m4  ,:ile ^! ,apo/olic  
m5 cont9u$ _! mission1 ,francis1 guid$  
by ! ,_s ( ,god1 return$ to ! hut at    
,rivo ,torto1 :]e he receiv$ f\r        
additional disciples3 ,con/antius1 or   
,john ( ,/4 ,con/antius2 ,b>b>us2 ,b]n>d
 ( ,viridant1 or ,vigilantius2 &        

,sylve/]1 :o 0 a prie/ ,he 0 ! fir/ 9 ! 
ord]1 & 8 vocation 0 m>vell\s1 ( :i* !  
foll[+ are ! circum/ances4  ,he _h sold 
"s /ones to ,/4 ,francis = ! ,*ur* ( ,/4
 ,damian1 & _h receiv$ ! paym5t ( _!    
value4 ,:5 he saw him preside ov] !     
di/ribution ( ! prop]ty ( ,b]n>d de     
,qu9tavalle1 he compla9$ ( hav+ be5     
injur$ 9 ! sale ( ! /ones1 & dem&$ a    
comp5sation4 ,! s]vant ( ,god1 :o did n 
*oose to h any dispute ) him on !       
subject1 tak+ a bag full ( money1 gave  
him h&fuls1 say+3 ,take ?is = ! paym5t y
 dem& f me1 b :i* ,i d n owe y4 ,he (f]$
 him "s a second "t1 b ,sylve/] w\ld n  
take x1 b left him well satisfi$ ) :at  
he _h got4 ,at night ! inju/ice ( :at he
 _h done occurr$ to him2 he conceiv$ a  
s9c]e sorr[ = x1 ask$ p>don ( ,god1 &   
promis$ to re/ore :at he _h extort$ to !
 prejudice ( ! poor4  ,nev]!less1 he =m$
 8 op9ion ( ,francis accord+ to ! ideas 
( ! _w1 & he look$ ) disgu/ on 8 mode ( 
life4 ,god 0 pleas$ to w t he %\ld be   
cur$ ( ?is prejudice1 :i* 0 dang]\s = 8 

salvation1 & t he %\ld surr5d] himself  
to ! sa9t z "o ( 8 disciples1 :i* 0     
effect$ by means ( a my/]i\s dream4     
,dur+ ! night he saw a horrible dragon1 
:i* surr\nd$ ! t[n ( ,assisi1 z if ab\t 
to de/roy x1 toge!r ) ! entire c\ntry4  
,francis imm$iately came =?1 & f 8 m\?  
!re came =? a gold5 cross1 :i* rea*$ up 
to heav51 & ! arms ( x ext5d$ to !      
extremities ( ! e>?1 & its spl5dor put !
 dragon to flight4 ,hav+ _h ?is dream   
?ree successive nights1 he p]ceiv$ 9 x  
some?+ div9e1 & he w5t & relat$ x to    
,francis1 ) ! m9ute/ exactness4 ,?is    
humble s]vant ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 f> f hav+ 
! lea/ complac5cy at x1 only made use ( 
x to admire ! goodness ( ,god :o grants 
su* favors1 & to animate himself to     
combat ! inf]nal dragon ) r5ovat$ en]gy1
 & publi% ! glory ( ! cross ( our       
,savi\r4 ,b ,sylve/]1 pr(it+ by ! grace 
atta*$ to ! vision1 0 n satisfi$ )      
re/or+ :at he _h unju/ly extort$2 he    
resolv$1 moreov]1 to leave all t he     
possess$1 to embrace pov]ty "u !        

guidance ( ,francis1 :i* 8 affairs did n
 p]mit him to c>ry into execution till !
 end ( ! ye> #abji4 ,/4 ,bonav5ture     
says1 t on au!ntic pro( ( ! tru? ( !    
vision 0 ! hol9ess ( ! life he l$ :5 9 !
 ord]4 ,9 fact1 he und]took s s9c]ely to
 walk 9 ! foot/eps ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 &    
made su* va/ progress 9 pray]1 t1       
accord+ to ! acc\nt ( ?is bless$ ,fa!r1 
he conv]s$ ) ,god 9 a mann] ne>ly simil>
 to :at is writt5 ( ,moses3 ,t ! ,"l    
spoke to him z a man is accu/om$ to     
speak to 8 fri5d4  ,francis1 full ( !   
t5d]e/ feel+s = 8 *ildr51 0 desir\s (   
hav+ !m all assembl$ toge!r4 ,he        
entreat$ ! ,"l1 :o _h 9 =m] times       
congregat$ ! p ( ,israel disp]s$ among !
 nations1 to d him a simil> favor 9     
reg>d to 8 small family1 & 8 pray] 0    
he>d4 ,! six :o 7 out on missions       
return$ to ,assisi f v>i\s places1 z if 
!y _h act$ 9 conc]t1 )\t hav+ any notice
 giv5 !m4 ,! pleasure :i* _! return gave
 him 0 greatly increas$ by ! s9c]e &    
mode/ recital :i* !y made him ( all t _h

 pass$ 9 _! travels = ! glory ( ,god & !
 b5efit ( _! neighbor4 ,!y gave an      
acc\nt1 ) evid5t joy1 ( ! outrages &    
bl[s !y _h endur$ & suff]$1 pleas$ to h 
be5 f\nd wor?y to und]go ^? trials 9 !  
s]vice ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! la/ com]s     
envi$ !m1 & 7 only consol$ by ! ?\ght & 
hope t a "t w\ld come :5 !y w\ld be     
employ$ 9 ?is holy w>f>e1 &1 %\ld an    
opportunity be giv5 !m1 ( display+ equal
 c\rage2 ! s5iors embrac$ ! latt]1 &    
congratulat$ !m on hav+ *os5 ?is holy   
e/ate ( life3 !y all exhort$ ea* o!r to 
p]sev]ance4  ,_! common ,fa!r br\ght !m 
up 9 ! practice ( ! mo/ rigor\s p5ances1
 b ) ! utmo/ mildness & k9dness4 ,he did
 n impose ^u !m any consid]able numb] ( 
pray]s because he 0 n desir\s ( compell+
 devotion1 & r wi%$ t ^! ex]cises (     
piety %\ld be spontane\s4 ,he only !n   
prescrib$ to !m to say daily1 = ea* "p (
 ! ,div9e ,(fice1 ! ,"l's ,pray] ?ree   
times1 & to he> ,mass1 at :i* he desir$ 
!y %\ld employ !mselves 9 m$itat+ on !  
my/]y4 ,x is1 9 fact1 ! v be/ way (     

assi/+ at ! ,holy ,sacrifice1 & !       
fai?ful %\ld be advis$ to practise x4 ,b
 ^? are n to be c5sur$ :o make use (    
vocal pray] dur+ ,mass1 provid$ !y d s )
 att5tion & piety 9 ! v _s ( !          
my/]y2--s9ce !re is no?+ 9 pray] b :at  
is good1 & because1 moreov]1 e "o has n 
! tal5t ( m$itation4  ,! s]vant ( ,god1 
consid]+ t ! numb] ( 8 bre?r5 increas$1 
?\ght s]i\sly ( =m+ a ,rule = !m1 & hav+
 assembl$ ! elev51 ! numb] !y !n 71 he  
said to !m3 ,i see1 my de> bre?r51 t    
,god1 9 ,8 inf9ite goodness1 proposes to
 ext5d our society2 x is !re=e necess>y 
t we %\ld prescribe = ourselves a rule (
 life1 & g & give an acc\nt !re( to !   
mo/ holy ,roman ,pontiff2 = ,i am       
p]suad$ t 9 matt]s ( fai?1 & 9 su* z    
conc]n religi\s ord]s1 no?+ c be done   
:i* is pure & /able )\t 8 cons5t &      
approbation4 ,let u !n g & f9d our ,"m1 
! ,holy ,roman ,*ur*4 ,let u make kn[n  
to our ,holy ,fa!r ! ,pope1 :at ,god has
 deign$ to beg9 ?r\gh our m9i/ry1 9 ord]
 t we may pursue our c\rse accord+ to 8 

w1 & "u 8 ord]s4  ,a celebrat$ ,bi%op ( 
,france said1 9 an assembly ( 8 cl]gy3  
,paul1 hav+ return$ f ! ?ird heav51 came
 to see ,pet]1 9 ord] to give a =m to   
all future ages1 & t x be e/abli%$ =ev]1
 t1 h[ev] le>n$ or holy we may be1 7 any
 ( u ano!r ,/4 ,paul1 we mu/ see ,pet]4 
,^! s5tim5ts are 9 entire accordance )  
^? ( ,/4 ,francis1 & conta9 an important
 pr9ciple1 f :i* x is easy to d$uce !   
consequ5ce4  ,all ! disciples applaud$ !
 proposal ( _! ma/]1 decl>+ t !y 7 ready
 to receive ! rule t he w\ld give !m1 & 
to g to ,rome to solicit its            
confirmation4 ,francis betook himself to
 pray]1 & compos$1 9 a pla91 unadorn$   
/yle1 9 tw5ty-?ree *apt]s1 a rule (     
life1 ! immovable basis ( :i* 0 !       
obs]vance ( ! ,gospel2 to :i* he add$ "s
 ex]cises1 :i* he consid]$ necess>y = ! 
sake ( uni=mity4 ,besides ! ?ree v[s (  
,pov]ty1 ,*a/ity1 & ,ob$i5ce1 !y r5\nc$ 
all possessions :atsoev]1 & !y b\nd     
!mselves to live on *>ity )\t ev]       
receiv+ money4 ,cl]ics & laym5 7 alike  

admitt$ to embrace ?is ,in/itute1 "u !  
"n ( ,fri>s ,m9or4 ,!re 7 also "s       
regulations relative to ! ,div9e ,(fice1
 pray]1 ! practice ( virtue1 fa/s1 !    
b>5ess ( ! feet1 prea*+1 & ! missions1  
:i* w be notic$ :5 we come to speak ( ! 
second rule :i* ! ,patri>* gave 9 ! ye> 
#abbc1 :i* !y keep 9 8 ,ord]1 & :i* is  
no?+ m ?an an abridgm5t ( ! fir/4 ,?is  
fir/ hav+ be5 read & accept$1 ,francis )
 8 bre?r5 set out = ,rome1 to :i*1 ?r\gh
 humility1 he *ose t ,b]n>d de          
,qu9tavalle %\ld lead !m4  ,!y pursu$ _!
 j\rney ) great simplicity1 only speak+ 
( ,god & ( ?+s calculat$ = edification2 
!y (t5 retir$ to "s by-place = ! purpose
 ( pray+1 )\t tr\bl+ !mselves :]e !y    
%\ld pass ! night2 & ,god rais$ up      
p]sons :o receiv$ !m hospitably4 ,by an 
effect ( ,8 ,provid5ce1 !y w5t out ( _! 
way to g to ,rieti1 :]e !y rema9$ two   
days4 ,francis met 9 "o ( ! /reets an   
(fic] ( ! army1 ^: "n 0 ,angelo ,tancr$4
 ,he 0 q unkn[n to him1 b1 nev]!less1 he
 acco/$ him by 8 "n1 & said3 ,angelo1 y 

h worn long en\gh y\r spurs1 y\r sword1 
& y\r belt2 x is "t t y %\ld h a ?ick   
cord in/ead ( a belt2 ! ,cross ( ,jesus 
,*ri/ in/ead ( a sword2 & mud & du/     
in/ead ( spurs4 ,foll[ me1 !re=e1 & ,i w
 make y a soldi] ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,at ! v
 mom5t ! (fic] quitt$ all ?+s1 foll[$   
,francis1 took 8 poor habit1 & became 8 
twelf? disciple1 :o n[ by _! numb]      
resembl$ ! twelve ,apo/les1 ^: lives !y 
rev]$4 ,?is wond]ful conv]sion %[s t    
,god sometimes moves s9n]s by 8 active &
 p[]ful grace2 z :5 ,he said to ,mat!w1 
,foll[ me1 & ,mat!w foll[$ ,him4 ,b x   
mu/ also make u reflect t1 9 ! ord9>y   
c\rse ( ?+s1 ,he invites to rep5tance by
 graces1 ! impressions ( :i* ^u ! m9d   
are n s active4  ,! holy ,patri>*       
cont9u$ 8 r\te1 plac+ 8 entire confid5ce
 9 ,god2 b ! o!rs became al>m$ at _! own
 simplicity1 !y 7 fe>ful t x w\ld imp$e 
_! design2 b ,god remov$ _! fe>s by a   
vision :i* _! holy ,fa!r _h4 ,x seem$ to
 him t he 0 walk+ along a way :]e !re 0 
a v high tree4 ,com+ ne> x1 he w5t "u x 

to admire x1 :5 all on a sudd5 he felt  
himself rais$ up 9 ! air by div9e p[]1 s
 t he _h rea*$ ! top ( ! tree1 & t f    
!nce he easily made ! talle/ bran*es b5d
 q to ! gr\nd4 ,! ,holy ,_s po9t$ out to
 him t ?is 0 a presage ( ! favorable    
issue ( 8 application to ! ,apo/olic    
?rone4 ,?is fill$ him ) joy1 & 8 recital
 ( x to 8 bre?r5 r5ovat$ _! c\rage4  ,! 
,bi%op ( ,assisi1 :om !y f\nd at ,rome1 
receiv$ !m ) great k9dness4 ,! sight (  
!m at fir/ gave him "s uneas9ess1 be+   
appreh5sive t x 0 _! int5tion to leave 8
 diocese1 & t 8 p w\ld be depriv$ ( !   
examples ( ^! holy m54 ,b hav+ le>nt f  
!m ! motive ( _! j\rney1 he promis$ !m  
to use 8 influ5ce 9 _! favor1 & gave !m 
hopes ( succe$+ ?r\gh ! int]v5tion (    
,c>d9al ,john ( ,/4 ,paul1 ,bi%op (     
,sab9a1 :o 0 8 intimate fri5d4  ,?is    
prelate 0 ( ! ,colonna family2 he 0 !   
fri5d ( ! poor1 & ( all wor?y p]sons2 he
 0 respect$ = 8 _m em95t qualities1 & _h
 great au?ority at ! ,roman c\rt4 ,:at !
 ,bi%op ( ,assisi _h already told him ( 

,francis & 8 companions1 ( _! holy life1
 & ( ! s+ul>ity ( _! ,in/itute1 _h      
excit$ 9 him a great wi% to see !m4 ,z  
soon z he _h he>d ( _! arrival1 he _h !m
 br\ght to 8 palace1 receiv$ !m ) great 
honor1 & 0 s pleas$ ) _! conv]sation1 t1
 aft] hav+ assur$ !m ( 8 favor1 he begg$
 !m to consid] him f !nce=w>d z "o (    
!mselves4 ,he also decl>$ himself _!    
protector1 & by 8 int]f]5ce he soon     
procur$ = !m ! fri5d%ip ( ! pr9cipal    
p]sons 9 ! ,sacr$ ,college1 p>ticul>ly t
 ( ,c>d9al ,ugol9i1 nephew to ! ,pope1 &
 subsequ5tly ,pope by ! "n ( ,gregory   
,,ix4  ,francis1 :o 0 anxi\s to get 8   
affairs exp$iti\sly br\ght to a         
t]m9ation1 got himself introduc$ to !   
,pope by an (fic] ( 8 acqua9tance4 ,!   
,pope1 :o 0 walk+ at t mom5t 9 a place  
call$ ! ,mirror1 & be+ deeply engag$    
respect+ "s difficult affairs ( ! ,*ur*1
 w\ld n s mu* z li/5 to him1 b repuls$  
him rudely z a /rang] ( no v respectable
 appe>ance4 ,! s]vant ( ,god humbly     
)drew2 & x is record$ t he !n re/or$ to 

sight a bl9d man :o _h _h 8 eyes torn   
out4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r saw 9 8 sleep a     
palm-tree gr[ sl[ly at 8 feet & become a
 f9e l>ge tree4 ,pleas$ ) :at he saw1 b 
n und]/&+ its mean+1 he le>nt by a      
,div9e inspiration t ! palm-tree        
repres5t$ ! poor man :om he _h          
ungraci\sly repuls$ ! day be=e4 ,z soon 
z x 0 day1 he gave directions t ! poor  
man %\ld be s\ght =4 ,he 0 f\nd 9 !     
hospital ( ,/4 ,an?ony1 & came to ! feet
 ( ! ,pope1 & laid be=e him ! rule (    
life he foll[$1 ) en]getic ?\gh humble  
solicitations = ,8 ,hol9ess's approval  
!re(4  ,innoc5t ,,iii1 a ,pontiff (     
great wisdom1 ackn[l$g$ ! c&or & !      
admirable c\rage & zeal ( ! s]vant (    
,god4 ,he receiv$ him into 8 favor z "o 
truly poor 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 & he 0 incl9$
 to comply ) 8 reque/2 h[ev]1 he po/pon$
 do+ s1 because 8 mode ( life appe>$    
novel to "s ( ! c>d9als1 & s mu*1 beyond
 :at human /r5g? c\ld endure2 ! evil    
times1 & ! coldness ( *>ity1 mak+ !m ?9k
 x v difficult & almo/ impossible = an  

ord] to subsi/ )\t possess+ any effects 
:atev]4  ,c>d9al ,john ( ,/4 ,paul 0    
indignant at ^! ob/acles1 & he express$ 
himself ) great w>m? to ! o!r c>d9als 9 
pres5ce ( ! ,pope4 ,if y reject ! pray]s
 ( ?is poor man1 on ! pret5ce t 8 rule  
is novel1 & too au/]e1 let u take c>e t 
we d n reject ! ,gospel itself2 s9ce !  
rule ( :i* he solicits ! approval1 is 9 
con=mity ) :at ! ,gospel tea*es2 =1 to  
say t ,evangelical p]fection1 or ! v[ to
 practise x1 conta9s any?+ unreasonable 
& impossible1 is to blaspheme aga9/     
,jesus ,*ri/1 ! au?or ( ! ,gospel4 ,!   
,pope1 /ruck ) ?is reason+1 said to     
,francis3 ,my son1 pray to ,jesus ,*ri/ 
t ,he may make kn[n ,8 w to u1 t s we   
may favor y\r wi%es4 ,! s]vant ( ,god   
retir$ to pray1 & soon aft] return$ &   
set =? ?is p>able4  ,mo/ ,holy ,fa!r1   
!re 0 a beautiful "y girl1 :o 0 v poor1 
& :o liv$ 9 a wild]ness4 ,! k+ ( !      
c\ntry1 :o saw h]1 0 s *>m$ ) h] beauty 
t he took h] = 8 wife4 ,he liv$ "s ye>s 
) h]1 & _h *ildr51 :o all resembl$ _!   

fa!r1 & _h1 nev]!less1 ! beauty ( _! "m2
 he !n came back to 8 c\rt4 ,! "m br\ght
 up h] *ildr5 ) great c>e1 & aft] "s "t 
said to !m3 ',my *ildr51 y are born ( a 
great k+1 g & f9d him1 tell him :o y    
are1 & he w give y all t is befitt+ y\r 
bir?4 ,z to myself1 ,i w n leave ?is    
des]t1 & ,i ev5 _c4' ,! *ildr5 w5t to ! 
k+'s c\rt1 :o1 see+ _! resemblance to   
himself1 & t !y _h ! beauty ( _! "m1    
receiv$ !m ) pleasure1 & said to !m3    
',yes1 y are my true *ildr51 & ,i w     
support y z ! *ildr5 ( a k+2 =1 if ,i h 
/rang]s 9 my pay1 if ,i ma9ta9 my (fic]s
 ) :at is s]v$ at my table1 h[ mu* m c>e
 %\ld ,i n h = my own *ildr51 ! (fspr+ (
 s beautiful a "m6 ,z ,i love ! "m      
extremely1 ,i w keep ! *ildr5 %e has _h 
by me at my c\rt1 & ,i w fe$ !m at my   
table4'  ,?is k+1 mo/ ,holy ,fa!r1      
cont9u$ ,francis1 is our ,"l ,jesus     
,*ri/4 ,?is beautiful girl is pov]ty1   
:i*1 be+ ev]y:]e despis$ & ca/ (f1 0    
f\nd 9 ?is _w z 9 a des]t4 ,! ,k+ ( k+s 
com+ d[n f ,heav51 & com+ ^u e>?1 0 s   

enamor$ ( h]1 t ,he m>ri$ h] 9 ! mang]4 
,he has _h sev]al *ildr5 by h] 9 ! des]t
 ( ?is _w1 ,apo/les1 ,an*orites1        
,c5obites1 & _m o!rs1 :o h volunt>ily   
embrac$ pov]ty4 ,?is good "m s5t !m to  
_! ,fa!r ) ! m>ks ( royal pov]ty1 z well
 z ( h] humility & ob$i5ce4 ,?is great  
,k+ receiv$ !m k9dly1 promis+ to ma9ta9 
!m1 & said to !m3 ',i :o cause my sun to
 %9e on ! j & on s9n]s1 :o give my table
 & my treasures to pagans & to h]etics1 
food1 clo?+1 & _m o!r ?+s1 h[ mu* m     
will+ly %all ,i give to y :at is        
necess>y = y1--= y & all ^? :o are born 
9 ! pov]ty ( my mu*-*]i%$ ,sp\se4'  ,x  
is to ?is cele/ial ,k+1 mo/ ,holy ,fa!r1
 t ?is ,lady1 ,8 sp\se1 s5ds h] *ildr5  
:om y see "h1 :o are n ( a l[] condition
 ?an ^? :o came long be=e !m4 ,!y d n   
deg5]ate2 !y h ! comel9ess bo? ( _!     
,fa!r & _! "m1 s9ce !y make pr(ession ( 
! mo/ p]fect pov]ty4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 no 
fe> ( _! dy+ ( pov]ty1 be+ ! *ildr5 &   
heirs ( ! ,immortal ,k+1 born ( a poor  
"m1 ( ! image ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 by !      

virtue ( ! ,holy ,gho/2 & be+ to be     
br\ght up 9 ! _s ( pov]ty 9 a v poor    
ord]4 ,if ! ,k+ ( heav5 promises t su* z
 imitate ,him %all reign ) ,him         
et]nally1 ) h[ mu* m confid5ce ought we 
believe t ,he w give !m :at ,he usually 
gives1 ) s mu* lib]ality1 to ! good & to
 ! bad4  ,! ,pope li/5$ v att5tively to 
! p>able & to its application4 ,he 0    
greatly pleas$ ) x1 & _h no d\bt b t    
,jesus ,*ri/ spoke by ! m\? ( ,francis4 
,he 0 also conv9c$ by an int]ior light (
 ! ,holy ,_s1 t 9 him a cele/ial vision 
:i* he _h b "s days be=e w\ld be        
accompli%$1 & :i*1 z ,/4 ,bonav5ture    
in=ms u1 he himself relat$4 ,:ile he    
slept1 he saw t ! ,lat]an ,*ur* 0 on !  
po9t ( fall+1 :5 a poor & mis]able man  
support$ x on 8 %\ld]s4 ,on :i* he      
exclaim$3 ,yes truly1 x is t man :o w   
support ! ,*ur* ( ,jesus ,*ri/ by 8     
works & by 8 doctr9e4 ,he ?us =etold !  
great s]vice ,francis & 8 *ildr5 w\ld   
r5d] to ! univ]sal ,*ur*1 :i* inde$ !y h
 r5d]$1 &1 = ! la/ six c5turies1 h n    

ceas$ to r5d]3 ?is 0 :at 0 prefigur$ by 
! vision2 al?\gh x has be5 rem>k$ z     
some?+ v s+ul>1 t ! ,lat]an ,*ur* has   
be5 repair$1 improv$ & ornam5t$ by ?ree 
,popes1 ! *ildr5 ( ! bless$ ,patri>*1 to
 wit1 ,ni*olas ,,iv1 ,sixtus ,,iv1 &    
,sixtus ,v4  ,innoc5t ,,iii1 mov$ &     
greatly affect$ by ^! cele/ial port5ts1 
conceiv$ = ,francis a mo/ t5d] fri5d%ip1
 :i* he pres]v$ ev] aft]4 ,he approv$ 8 
rule v]bally1 grant$ him sev]al o!r     
favors1 & promis$ _m m4 ,aft] hav+      
receiv$ 9 8 own h&s ! pr(ession ( !     
f\nd]1 & ( ^? :o accompani$ him1 he     
direct$ him to prea* p5ance 9 all p>ts1 
& to labor = ! ext5sion ( ! ,ca?olic    
fai?4 ,9 ord] to enable !m to employ    
!mselves m freely 9 prea*+1 & to assi/ !
 prie/ ) great] dignity 9 ! p]=mance ( !
 holy my/]ies1 he direct$ t ! lay bre?r5
 :o 7 !n ) !m1 %\ld receive ! ,tonsure1 
& we> small cr[ns2 he ev5 conf]r$ m9or  
ord]s on !m1 & deacon's ord]s on        
,francis1 :om he con/itut$ ,sup]ior     
,g5]al ( all ! ,religi\s ( ! ,ord] (    

,fri>s ,m9or1 pres5t & to come4 ,^? :o 7
 pres5t promis$ ob$i5ce to ,francis1 &  
,francis promis$ to obey ! ,pope4 ,!    
pi\s ,pontiff gave ?is new ,patri>*1 )  
pat]nal k9dness1 in/ructions 9 v>i\s    
matt]s :i* relat$ to ! well-be+ &       
/r5g!n+ ( ! ,in/itution1 & he assur$ him
 ( 8 peculi> favor2 & f9ally1 hav+      
embrac$ ea* "o ( !m1 he gave !m 8       
bless+1 & dismiss$ !m fill$ ) joy &     
consolation4  ,we h witness$ ^! favors  
r5ew$ 9 #agbc by ,innoc5t ,,xiii1 (     
happy memory1 ! fif? ,pope ( ! anci5t & 
illu/ri\s h\se ( ! ,c\nts ( ,segni1 to  
:i* ,innoc5t ,,iii belong$4 ,! ,holy    
,fa!r1 assi/$ by f\r c>d9als1 _h !      
goodness to preside at ! g5]al *apt] ( !
 ,ord] ( ,/4 ,francis1 held at ,rome 9 !
 conv5t ( ,ara ,coeli1 mak+ kn[n to all 
,*ri/5dom on t spl5did occasion1 t he   
look$ ^u ! ,fri>s ,m9or z 8 *ildr51 z   
mu* f family affection1 z f 8 dignity ( 
,supreme ,pontiff4  ,! illu/ri\s au?or (
 ! ,v>iations1 :o quotes ! ,abbot (     
,ursp]g1 says t x 0 to give ! ,*ur* true

 poor1 m d5ud$ & m humble ?an ! false   
poor ( ,lyons1 t ,pope ,innoc5t ,,iii   
approv$ ! in/itution ( ! ,fri>s ,m9or   
assembl$ "u ,francis1 :o 0 a model (    
humility1 & ! wond] ( ! age4 ,! false   
poor1 :o are also kn[n by ! "n (        
,vaudois1 & are plac$ 9 ! numb] (       
h]etics by ,pope ,lucius ,,iii1 assum$ !
 ext]ior ( pov]ty & humility1 al?\gh !y 
_h none ( ! _s ( pov]ty & humility4 ,!y 
7 fill$ ) hatr$ ( ! ,*ur* & its m9i/]s1 
:om !y revil$ 9 _! secret assemblies4 ,9
 #abab !y feign$ submission1 & _h ! d>+ 
to g to ,rome1 to solicit ! approbation 
( ! ,holy ,see = _! sect1 b !y 7 reject$
 by ! ,pope1 & f t "t 7 ob/9ate &       
incorrigible h]etics4  ,conrad1 ,abbot (
 ,ursp]g1 :o 0 at ,rome :5 !y came !re 9
 #abab ) ,b]n>d _! ma/]1 rem>ks t !     
,fri>s ,m9or 7 v diff]5t f ! false poor1
 practis$ pov]ty ) s9c]ity1 & 7 free f  
all errors2 t !y w5t b>efoot$ 9 w9t]1 z 
well z 9 summ]2 t !y receiv$ no money1 &
 liv$ :olly on alms1 & 7 9 ev]y?+ ob$i5t
 to ! ,holy ,apo/olic ,see2 an ob$i5ce  

:i* w ev] be a m>k by :i* true virtue   
may be di/+ui%$ f false4  ,francis1 f9d+
 himself protect$ by ! ,almighty1 &     
au?oriz$ by ! ,pope1 acquir$ great      
confid5ce4 ,he plac$ 8 mo/ apo/olical   
,ord] "u ! imm$iate protection ( ! holy 
,apo/le1 ^: tomb he visit$4 ,he took    
leave ( ! ,c>d9als1 ,john ( ,/4 ,paul1 &
 ,ugol9i1 :om he made acqua9t$ ) 8      
int5tions1 & to :om he express$ 8 great 
gratitude2 !n he took 8 dep>ture f ,rome
 ) 8 twelve companions1 & b5t 8 /eps to 
! ,valley ( ,spoleto1 !re to practise & 
prea* ! ,gospel4  ,on ! way he conv]s$ )
 !m on ! means ( adh]+ fai?fully to !   
rule1 & relative to ! mann] 9 :i* !y    
%\ld /rive to atta9 p]fection1 s t !y   
might be examples to o!rs4 ,"o day !    
conf]5ce la/$ s long1 t ! h\r = _! meal 
pass$ by )\t _! hav+ /opp$2 f9d+ himself
 tir$1 !y w5t a little out ( ! way to   
re/4 ,!y 7 v hungry1 b !y _h no means ( 
satisfy+ _! crav+4 ,!re !n came to !m a 
man :o br\ght !m a loaf1 & imm$iately   
disappe>$1 )\t _! hav+ _h x 9 _! p[] to 

notice f :at side he _h come1 or :i* way
 he _h gone f !m4 ,!n1 says ,/4         
,bonav5ture1 ,div9e ,provid5ce came to !
 aid ( ! poor ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 :5 all    
human assi/ance fail$ !m4 ,!y 7 well    
aw>e t ! company ( _! holy f\nd] procur$
 !m ?is favor f ,heav52 & ! miracul\s   
n\ri%m5t !y _h j receiv$1 :i* r5ovat$ ! 
/r5g? ( _! m9ds z well z t ( _! bodies1 
by ! int]ior consolation !y receiv$ f x1
 inspir$ !m ) a firm resolution nev] to 
sw]ve f ! pov]ty to :i* !y _h devot$    
!mselves4  ,pursu+ _! r\te t[>ds ,orta1 
!y came 9 ! pla9 ne> t t[n to a *ur* :i*
 _h be5 des]t$1 & :]e1 hav+ (f]$ up _!  
pray]s1 !y agre$ to /op1 until su* "t z 
!y %\ld le>n :]e x 0 ,god's int5tion !y 
%\ld settle !mselves4 ,f !nce !y w5t1   
daily1 to ! t[n to prea* p5ance 9 !     
public places2 & x 0 ) mu* fruit = !    
salvation ( s\ls4 ,! p began to feel    
atta*$ to !m2 & z !y saw t on _! que/ !y
 refus$ ev]y?+ b :at 0 /rictly necess>y1
 !y took v _m ?+s to ! *ur* 9 :i* !y _h 
retir$1 & ^? consid]$ !mselves =tunate  

:o c\ld make !mselves useful to !m4 ,!y 
ev5 came 9 cr[ds to see !m1 & to li/5 to
 ! disc\rses ( ^! new m51 ^: actions &  
^: spee* made !m appe> z p]sons desc5d$ 
f heav54  ,b ,francis1 :o f\nd t ?is    
conc\rse ( p int]rupt$ & di/urb$ _!     
spiritual ex]cises1 det]m9$ to leave ?is
 place4 ,! v beauty ( x decid$ him to d 
s4 ,x 0 a mo/ agreeable spot2 on "o side
 !re 7 mead[s cov]$ ) beautiful fl[]s2  
on ! o!r1 a ?ick wood1 :]e birds c>oll$ 
! livelong day2 ne> ! *ur* !re 0 a f9e  
spr+1 & a rivulet1 ^: wat]s murmur$     
pleasantly ar\nd !m2 ! view ( ! :ole    
pla91 ) t ( ! t[n beyond x on ! heights1
 0 all t c\ld be wi%$4 ,! holy man 0    
fe>ful le/ s delici\s an abode %\ld     
en]vate ! m9ds ( 8 disciples1 t ! vigor 
( _! intellect1 s requisite = p5it5tial 
reflections1 %\ld become relax$ :5      
surr\nd$ by objects s pleasant to !     
s5ses2 & le/ t :i* inspir$ gladsom5ess  
%\ld make !m lose ! s]i\sness necess>y 9
 pray]1 & deprive !m ( ! spiritual      
delight :i* is felt !re94 ,?us1 z a     

skilful g5]al :o 0 ! lead] ( ! soldi]s (
 ,jesus ,*ri/1 & only foll[$ ,8         
int5tions1 he made 8 little b& raise _! 
camp at ! end ( a =tnight1 & resume _!  
m>* t[>ds ! ,valley ( ,spoleto4  ,9 !   
way !y c\nsell$ toge!r :e!r !y %\ld     
communicate ) ! _w1 or :e!r !y %\ld     
retire into "s solit>y retreat4         
,francis1 n *oos+ to tru/ ei!r to 8 own 
lights or to ^? ( 8 companions1 _h      
rec\rse ) !m to pray]1 to asc]ta9 :at ! 
w ( ,god 0 on ?is head2 & he le>nt by a 
revelation1 ,/4 ,bonav5ture says1 t ,god
 _h s5t him expressly to ga9 s\ls :i* ! 
devil 0 endeavor+ to draw away f ,jesus 
,*ri/4 ,he !re=e resolv$ to d$icate     
himself to ?is holy employm5t1 & to live
 a life :i* %\ld be useful to 8 neighbor
 r ?an to himself2 be+ likewise animat$ 
!reto by ! example ( ,him ( :om ,/4     
,paul said3 ,"o di$ = all4 ,) ?is view  
he cont9u$ 8 r\te to ! ,valley (        
,spoleto1 & br\ght 8 bre?r5 to ! hut at 
,rivo ,torto1 ne> ,assisi1 :]e he _h be5
 be=e4  ,"o mu/ feel surpris$ t ,/4     

,francis1 ) all ! assurances he _h ( 8  
vocation1 c\ld h d\bt$ = a s+le in/ant t
 he _h be5 s5t by ,god = ! spiritual    
s]vice ( 8 neighbors4 ,b 8 d\bts only _h
 _! rise 9 ! p[]ful attractions he _h = 
contemplation1 :i* ! t5d]ness ( 8       
consci5ce made him fe>ful ( resi/+1 by  
employ+ himself 9 ! ex]cises ( an active
 life2 & x 0 ?is t less5$ 8 incl9ation =
 ! functions ( ,apo/olicity2 =1 accord+ 
to ! doctr9e ( ! ,fa!rs1 & ( ,sa9t      
,b]n>d 9 p>ticul>1 !re are no m wor?y   
m9i/]s ( ! ,gospel ?an su* z devote     
!mselves to conv]sation ) ,god 9        
retreat1 & :o leave t retreat to prea* !
 doctr9es ( salvation only :5 !y h      
reason to ?9k t ,god calls ^u !m to d s4
 ,our ,"l1 :o ?us 9 8 wisdom p]mitt$ t  
,8 s]vant %\ld labor "u ?is unc]ta9ty1  
reveal$ to him already t he 0 de/9$ to  
labor = ! salvation ( s\ls1 & we %all   
see1 fur!r on1 t ,he assur$ him aga9 by 
o!r revelations4  ,! hut 9 :i* ^! m5    
devot$ to evangelical pov]ty _h retir$1 
0 s small & s conf9$1 t1 f> f be+ able  

to lie at full l5g? 9 x1 !re 0 b>ely    
room = !m to sit1 insomu* t _! ,fa!r 0  
oblig$ to assign to ea* 8 place by writ+
 8 "n on ! joi/s1 9 ord] t !y might pray
 & take _! re/ )\t be+ incommod$4 ,!y   
rema9$ "s "t 9 ?is mis]able habitation1 
:i* might be look$ ^u m z a tomb = !    
liv+1 or r = su* z 7 dead to ! _w2 & !y 
bore x = ! love ( ,god1 ) m frat]nal    
*>ity & gaiety ?an c be describ$4 ,!    
life !y l$ !re 0 s labori\s1 & s poor1 t
 frequ5tly1 n hav+ a morsel ( bread1    
necessity compell$ !m to se>* ! c\ntry =
 h]bs & roots1 :i* !y ate )             
satisfaction2 pref]r+ to be n\ri%$ )    
te>s r ?an ) any o!r food4  ,_! mo/     
frequ5t ex]cise 0 pray]1 & t m m5tal ?an
 vocal1 because !y _h n z yet books =   
say+ ! ,div9e ,(fice4 ,a wood5 cross1 ( 
mod]ate size1 :i* ,francis _h fix$ 9 !  
middle ( ! hut1 r\nd :i* !y pray$1 s]v$ 
!m in/ead ( a book4 ,!y m$itat$ on x    
unceas+ly1 & read 9 x ) ! eyes ( fai?1  
in/ruct$ by ! example ( _! sa9tly *ief1 
:o (t5 disc\rs$ to !m on ! ,passion &   

,cross ( ,jesus ,*ri/4  ,h[ev]1 !y wi%$ 
to le>n f him :at vocal pray]s !y ought 
to recite2 & he told !m1 z our bless$   
,savi\r _h told ! ,apo/les3 ,?is is !   
pray] t y w say3 ,our ,fa!r1 :o are 9   
heav51 hall[$ be ,?y "n1 etc4 ,to :i* he
 add$ ! ,act ( ,adoration :i* he _h be=e
 taught !m3 ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 we adore  
,!e 9 all ! *ur*es 9 ! :ole _w1 & we    
bless ,!e = hav+ r$eem$ ! _w by ,?y holy
 ,cross4 ,he likewise taught !m to      
praise ,god 9 all ?+s1 to make use ( all
 creatures1 to raise up _! m9ds to ,him1
 to h great respect = prie/s1 to be     
inviolably atta*$ to ! true fai?1 :i* is
 believ$ & taught by ! ,holy ,roman     
,*ur*1 & to confess x pla9ly4 ,8 fai?ful
 disciples put 9 practice all t he      
taught !m1 & con=m$ to all 8 maxims1 :i*
 !y did 9 /ill great] p]fection aft] !  
m>vel :i* we are ab\t to relate4        
,francis be+ "o ,saturday 9 ,assisi1 9  
ord] to prea* on ! ,sunday morn+ 9 !    
ca!dral1 z x 0 8 cu/om to d1 retir$ to a
 small %$ 9 a g>d5 belong+ to ! canons (

 ! *ur*1 to pass ! night 9              
contemplation1 :i* he usually did4 ,ab\t
 midnight1 a fi]y c> ( great brilliancy1
 on :i* !re 0 a globe z bright z ! sun1 
& :i* gave a light equal to t ( noon1   
ent]$ into ! hut 9 :i* ! bre?r5 7       
collect$1 & mov$ r\nd x ?ree times4 ,"s 
( !m 7 wat*+ & pray+2 ! o!rs1 :o 7 tak+ 
a little re/1 awoke4 ,x is n to be said 
h[ great _! a/oni%m5t 0 :5 !y f\nd      
!mselves enlight5$1 z well int]iorly z  
ext]iorly1 by ?is p5etrat+ light1 :i*   
manife/$ to !m ! /ate ( _! consci5ces4  
,/4 ,bonav5ture rem>ks on ! subject (   
?is m>vell\s light1 on ! te/imony ( ^?  
:o _h be5 witnesses ( x1 t !y und]/ood  
well1 by ?is lum9\s & burn+ figure1 ,god
 repres5t$ to !m ! lively & holy flames 
:i* illum9at$ _! ,fa!r1 :o1 ?\gh abs5t 9
 ! body1 0 pres5t ) !m 9 _s1 9 ord] t1 z
 true ,israelites1 l unto ,eliseus1 !y  
might look up to & imitate ?is new      
,elias1 :om ,he _h appo9t$ ! light &    
guide = spiritual m54 ,d\btless1 he     
cont9ues1 ! ,"l1 :o op5$ ! eyes ( !     

s]vant ( ,eliseus1 t he might see ar\nd 
t ,prophet1 t ! m\nta9 0 full ( horses &
 *>iots ( fire1 w\ld also1 at ! pray] ( 
,francis1 op5 ^? ( 8 disciples to %ew !m
 ! m>vel :i* 0 op]at+ 9 _! favor4  ,at 8
 return f ,assisi1 ! ,fa!r conv]s$ ) 8  
*ildr5 on ! prodigy :i* !y _h witness$1 
& took occasion f x to confirm !m 9 _!  
vocation4 ,he ent]$ 9 detail z to !     
secret dispositions ( _! consci5ces2 he 
=etold !m _m circum/ances relative to ! 
increase ( 8 ,ord]2 he made kn[n to !m1 
9 f9e1 s _m sublime ?+s beyond human k51
 t !y became p]fectly aw>e t ! ,_s (    
,god re/$ fully on him1 & t _! greate/  
security w\ld be 9 a con=mity ( !mselves
 to 8 life & doctr9e4  ,p 7 s greatly   
mov$ & affect$ by 8 virtues & 8         
disc\rses1 t _m pres5t$ !mselves to jo9 
8 ,ord]1 b he decl9$ z yet to receive   
!m1 because ! hut 0 too small = ! twelve
 he _h2 b he avail$ himself ( !         
opportunity to say to ^!3 ,my de>       
bre?r51 ,god1 9 ,8 goodness1 has made   
kn[n to me t ,he proposes to increase   

our poor family4 ,i _c receive ^? :o wi%
 to jo9 u1 until ,i h a place l>ge en\gh
 to admit all4 ,we require a l>g]       
habitation1 z well z a *ur*1 :]e we may 
he> mass1 say ! ,div9e ,(fice1 & deposit
 9 peace ^? ( our society :o may die4   
,let u !re=e g to our "l ,bi%op & !     
canons4 ,let u e>ne/ly entreat ( !m1 = !
 love ( ,god1 to c$e to u "s *ur* ne> ! 
t[n1 & to put our ris+ ,ord] "u cov] 9  
"s "p ( _! doma94 ,if !y _c assi/ u1 we 
w g & ask ! same favor ( ! ,religi\s (  
,m\nt ,s\bazo4  ,! ,bi%op ( ,assisi & ! 
,canons _h x n 9 _! p[] to promote su*  
views1 hav+ no *ur* at _! disposal2 b ! 
,abbot ( ,m\nt ,s\bazo1 ) ! cons5t ( !  
community1 grant$ him = himself & 8     
bre?r5 ! *apel ( ,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels1  
or ( ,portiuncula1 :i* he _h put into   
repair1 b he add$ ?is condition1 t1 if !
 ,in/itution became m ext5d$1 ?is *ur*  
%\ld be always consid]$ ! place ( its   
orig91 & ! *ief mona/]y4  ,francis      
receiv$ ! pres5t1 & accept$ ! condition 
) great ?ankfulness4 ,he came & told 8  

bre?r5 ( x1 express+ ! pleasure he felt1
 9 hav+1 = ! fir/ *ur* ( 8 ,ord]1 a *ur*
 ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 v small & v poor1  
obta9$ by begg+1 & 9 :i* he _h fir/ tak5
 ^u himself ! ,apo/olic life4  ,on !    
same day he w5t to ,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels1
 :]e a pi\s ecclesia/ic ( ,assisi 0     
liv+1 ^: "n 0 ,pet] ,mazancoli1 to :om !
 c>e ( t *ur* _h be5 intru/$ aft] x _h  
be5 repair$4 ,he communicat$ to him !   
cession :i* ! ,religi\s ( ,m\nt ,s\bazo 
_h made to 8 ,ord]1 & begg$ him to come 
& live ) 8 bre?r54  ,z true piety1 :i*  
is *>ity itself1 is nev] jeal\s1 & is   
delight$ 9 :at is ( advantage to its    
neighbors1 ! ecclesia/ic embrac$        
,francis1 & assur$ him h[ desir\s he 0  
to see ! ,bless$ ,virg9 honor$ & prais$ 
9 ?is place1 :i* %e lov$1 :]e conc]ts by
 ! angelic ho/ 7 con/antly he>d4 ,z a   
pro( ( ?is1 he call$ a labor] ( !       
vic9ity1 :o c]tifi$ to h sev]al times   
he>d 9 ! night melodi\s canticles1 & to 
h se5 a great light come =? f ! w9d[s4  
,! exp]i5ce ( ,francis himself 0 an     

additional pro(4 ,=1 be+ 9 pray] dur+ ! 
foll[+ night 9 ord] to recomm5d 8 family
 to ! protection ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 he 
saw on ! alt>1 by means ( a spl5did     
light1 our ,savi\r ,jesus ,*ri/1 ,8 holy
 ,"m1 & a multitude ( angels1 :o ca/ ^u 
him looks ( great b5ignity4 ,he ador$1 &
 recit$ ^! words3 ,o mo/ holy ,"l1 ,k+ (
 ,heav51 ,r$eem] ( ! _w1 sweet ,love6 & 
?\1 ,o ,que5 ( ,angels6 by :at excess ( 
goodness d y come d[n f heav5 into ?is  
small & poor *apel8 ,he imm$iately he>d 
?is reply3 ,i am come ) my ,"m to settle
 y & y\rs 9 ?is place1 :i* is v de> to  
u4 ,all !n disappe>$1 & ,francis        
exclaim$3 ,truly ?is place is holy1 :i* 
ought to be inhabit$ by angels1 r ?an by
 m54 ,z long z ,i possibly c1 ,i w n    
leave x2 x %all be1 = me & m9e1 an      
et]nal monum5t ( ! goodness ( ,god6 ,x  
became1 9 fact1 a great object (        
devotion & v5]ation = himself & 8       
bre?r51 p>ticul>ly aft] x _h be5 reveal$
 to him t1 among all ! temples          
consecrat$ "u ! "n ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91  

?is 0 ! "o = :i* %e _h ! greate/        
atta*m5t4  ,at break ( day he s5t = !   
o!r religi\s by 8 companions1 )         
directions to br+ ) !m ! few pieces (   
furniture :i* !y _h 9 ! hut at ,rivo    
,torto1 9 ord] to place !m 9 ! h\se     
adjo9+ ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels1   
:i* ! pi\s ecclesia/ic will+ly gave up  
to !m4  ,he communicat$ to ! new gue/s !
 sanctity ( ! place !y 7 ab\t to        
inhabit1 & recomm5d$ !m to live !re9    
holily1 nev] ceas+ to praise ! ,"l4 ,!n 
he said to !m3 ,y mu/ be v grateful to !
 ,b5$ict9e ,fa!rs = ! b5efit !y h       
conf]r$ ^u u4 ,!y h consecrat$ all !    
habitations we %all h]eaft] h1 by ?is   
h\se ( ,god1 :i* is ! model ( ! pov]ty  
:i* mu/ be obs]v$ 9 all ! h\ses ( our   
,ord]1 & ! preci\s g]m ( ! hol9ess :i*  
we mu/ seek = 9 x4  ,b1 9 ord] to %[ t  
he did n live !re z on a prop]ty :olly  
81 z well z = a m>k ( 8 gratitude to 8  
b5efactors1 he took c>e to h tak5 ye>ly 
to ! ,abbey ( ,m\nt ,s\bazo1 z a        
gr\nd-r5t1 a basket ( fi%1 a species (  

mullet1 :i* is tak5 9 quantities 9 !    
,riv] ,asi1 or ,*iascio1 ne> ! ,*ur* (  
,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels4 ,! ,fri>s ,m9or h 
always *]i%$ ! feel+s ( ! bless$        
,patri>* = ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,b5$ict4 ,!y w 
ev] manife/1 ) s9c]e/ gratitude1 t x is 
to ?is great ord]1 s anci5t & s         
celebrat$ 9 ! ,*ur*1 t !y are indebt$ = 
_! fir/ e/abli%m5t1 & = _m o!r b5efits4 
,,book ,,ii  ,a4 ,d4 #abaj   ,x 0 !re=e 
9 ! small ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels1 
or ( ,portiuncula1 t ,francis laid !    
f\ndations ( ! ,ord] ( ,fri>s ,m9or1 :i*
 spread ov] ! :ole e>? ) wond]ful       
rapidity4 ,?is holy place 01 z x 71 !   
cradle ( ! ,in/itute1 & ! nurs]y ( !    
h\ses ( ! religi\s2 ! s\rce :i* suppli$ 
a great riv]1 :i* 0 divid$ into v>i\s   
*annels2 ! citadel f :5ce num]\s brave  
w>riors w5t =? to enc\nt] ! enemies ( ! 
,*ur*2 ! s*ool :i* has produc$ a v great
 numb] ( sa9ts1 & a multitude ( le>n$   
m51 ^: doctr9e & piety h be5 equally    
celebrat$4  ,! new habitation1 less     
conf9$ ?an ! hut ( ,rivo ,torto1 enabl$ 

! ,patri>* to receive ! po/ulants :o _h 
be=e pres5t$ !mselves2 among :om may be 
notic$1 ,leo1 ,ruf9o1 ,masseo ( ,m>igan1
 & ,junip]3--,leo1 :om ,francis *ose = 8
 confessor & secret>y1 & :om he g5]ally 
call$ ,pecorella ,di ,dio 7! %eep (     
,god71 on acc\nt ( 8 admirable c&or4    
,ruf9o1 ( :om he said3 ,i le>nt1 by a   
revelation1 t he is "o ( ! mo/ fai?ful &
 ( ! mo/ pure s\ls t !re is 9 ?is _w1 & 
,i %\ld h no fe> ( giv+ him1 ?\gh 9 a   
mortal body1 ! title ( ,sa9t1 s9ce he is
 already canoniz$ 9 heav54 ,masseo1 :om 
he (t5 s5t1 in/ead ( go+ himself1 to    
conv]se ) p]sons ( piety1 9 ord] n to be
 int]rupt$ 9 8 own m$itations1 because  
?is religi\s add$ great mildness &      
suavity ( mann] to a r>e tal5t ( speak+ 
ab\t heav5ly ?+s4 ,junip]1 :om he f\nd s
 valuable = 8 evangelical simplicity1 = 
8 contempt ( himself1 & = 8 great desire
 to attract ^u himself ! contempt ( !   
_w1 t1 allud+ to 8 "n1 he us$ to say    
good-humor$ly3 ,i wi% to ,god we _h a   
wood full ( su* ,junip]s4  ,! *>itable  

fa!r _h all 8 *ildr5 9 8 he>t1 & he     
br\ght !m up ) a t5d]ness truly mat]nal4
 ,he 0 ! fir/ to g f door to door1 to   
ask *>ity to provide = _! wants2        
sometimes he ev5 w5t alone1 to sp>e !m !
 mortification ( begg+1 "u ! impression 
t !y might /ill reta9 ! prejudices ( !  
_w on ?is head4 ,b ! weakness ( 8 frame 
n admitt+ ( 8 provid+ = all1 & 8        
religi\s be+ b\nd to subsi/ on *>ity    
alone1 he resolv$ to tea* !m to solicit 
x = ! love ( ,god1 & he made !m ! foll[+
 exhortation1 :i* !y h record$3--  ,my v
 de> bre?r5 & well-belov$ *ildr51 be n  
a%am$ ( solicit+ alms1 s9ce our ,"l     
became poor 9 ?is _w = ! love ( u1 & t1 
foll[+ ,8 example1 we h *os5 ?is /ate ( 
! mo/ p]fect pov]ty4 ,=1 if we h made   
?is *oice = ! love ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 we   
mu/ n blu% at begg+ 9 our quality (     
poor4 ,heirs ( ! k+dom ( ,god %\ld n    
blu% at :at is a pl$ge ( _! heir%ip4    
,yes1 we are heirs ( heav52 ?is is a    
b5efit :i* our ,"l has obta9$ = u1 to   
:i* ,he has giv5 u a "r1 z ,he has to   

all ^? :o *oose to live 9 a /ate ( holy 
pov]ty4 ,i make kn[n to y z a tru?1 t a 
great numb] ( ! mo/ noble ( ! age w     
become memb]s ( ! ,ord]1 :o w consid] x 
an honor to solicit alms1 & :o w look ^u
 x z a favor to be p]mitt$ to d s4 ,y1  
!re=e1 :o are ! v fir/ ( ! ,ord]1 d ?is 
*e]fully2 d n refuse to practise :at y w
 h to tea* ^! sa9tly p]sonages4 ,g1 !n1 
& ) ! bless+ ( ,god solicit alms1 full (
 confid5ce & joy1 m ?an w\ld be felt by 
him :o %\ld (f] a hundr$ = "o4 ,= x is !
 love ( ,god y (f] 9 ask+1 :5 y say1 ',=
 ! love ( ,god1 be/[ y\r *>ity on me2' &
 9 comp>ison ) ?is div9e love1 heav5 &  
e>? are z no?+4  ,to mitigate !         
reluctance /ill felt by "s ( !m1 he     
br\ght =w>d ! two foll[+ motives3 ,!    
bread :i* holy pov]ty causes to be      
collect$ f door to door1 is ! bread (   
angels1 because x is ! good angels :o   
inspire ! fai?ful to be/[ x = ! love (  
,god4 ,x is ?us t ! words ( ! prophet1  
',man ate ! bread ( angels1' are        
fulfill$ 9 ^! holy poor ones4 ,god has  

giv5 ! ,fri>s ,m9or to ! _w 9 ^! latt]  
times1 t ! elect may h x 9 _! p[] to    
practise :at w cause !m to be glorifi$  
by ! ,supreme ,judge1 :5 ,he w address  
!m 9 ^! melliflu\s words3 ',:at y did to
 "o ( ^!1 ! lea/ ( ,my bre?r51 y did x  
to ,me4' ,x is pleas+ to solicit *>ity 9
 ! capacity ( a ,fri> ,m9or1 :om our    
,ma/] seem$ to designate expressly by ! 
appellation1 '! lea/ ( ,my bre?r54'  ,! 
disciples1 p]suad$ & mov$ by ?is appeal1
 w5t ( _! own accord to que/ 9 !        
neighbor+ places1 to get ! bett] ( !    
natural repugnance !y felt to x4 ,at _! 
return !y pres5t$ !mselves to _! ,fa!r )
 satisfi$ c\nt5ances1 :i* delight$ him1 
& by a holy emulation !y 7 pr\d ( ! ?+s 
!y _h collect$ = ! love ( ,god4 ,"o ( !m
 return+ "o day ) mu* *e]fulness1 s++   
l\dly ! praises ( ! great ,b5efactor (  
m51 ,francis took f him ! weighty       
wallet1 :i* 0 full ( bits ( bread1 plac$
 x on 8 own %\ld]s1 kiss$ ! %\ld]s ( him
 :o _h c>ri$ x1 & came & said publicly3 
,s x is t ,i wi% my bre?r5 to g always  

on ! que/1 & return f x3 ev] gay1 &     
glorify+ ,god = all ! good :i* ,he does 
9 our favor4  ,! bless$ f\nd] employ$   
himself day & night unceas+ly 9 inspir+ 
!m ) ! love & practice ( ! mo/ sublime  
virtues2 he w>n$ & exhort$ ea* "o ( !m 9
 p>ticul>1 & he made disc\rses to !m :5 
collect$1 on ! mo/ ess5tial heads2 & ?is
 aga9 he en=c$ by 8 own good example2   
kn[+ t !y 7 call$ by ,god to tra9 up ^? 
:o w\ld embrace 8 rule 9 ! diff]5t p>ts 
( ! e>?1 & t on ! in/ruction ( ! "o     
dep5d$ t ( ! o!rs4  ,"u su* a ma/]1 ) ! 
p[]ful assi/ance :i* !y receiv$ f       
,heav51 !y made 9 a %ort "t su*         
consid]able progress1 t ! late/ com]s 7 
n less compet5t = ! ex]cise ( !         
,evangelical m9i/ry ?an ! fir/4         
,altoge!r animat$ ) ! same _s1 wat*+1   
fa/+1 pray+1 p5etrat$ ) ! fe> ( ,god1   
full ( holy desires1 !y resembl$ 9 a    
great degree ! primitive ,*ur* conf9$ 9 
! supp]-room4 ,francis1 :o 0 p]fectly   
acqua9t$ ) _! mo/ inw>d feel+s1 & ) !   
int5tions ( ,div9e ,provid5ce1 ?\ght t  

he ought n to delay s5d+ !m =? on       
missions accord+ to ! idea ( ,/4        
,*ryso/om1 :o says t ! ,apo/les1 :o 7   
commission$ to labor 9 ! conv]sion ( !  
_w1 7 necess>ily sep>at$1 & t x w\ld h  
be5 v prejudicial to ! int]e/s ( !      
univ]se _h !y kept toge!r long]4  ,b1 z 
he _h n yet he>d !m prea*1 he desir$    
prud5tly to judge by 8 own exp]i5ce ( _!
 respective tal5ts4 ,hav+ assembl$ !m   
toge!r1 he desir$ ,b]n>d de ,qu9tavalle 
to speak on ! my/]ies ( religion4 ,he   
imm$iately obey$1 & spoke beautifully on
 ! sev]al po9ts4 ,pet] ( ,catania 0     
direct$ to set =? ! greatness ( ,god1   
:i* he did ) z mu* facility & le>n+ z if
 he _h be5 long p]fect 9 ! art ( prea*+4
 ,a ?ird 0 call$ ^u to give an          
exhortation on avoid+ s91 & practis+    
virtue1 :i* he compli$ ) 9 p[]ful       
language4 ,9 %ort1 !y all h&l$ !        
subjects :i* 7 allott$ to !m1 s z pla9ly
 to %[ t wisdom 0 giv5 to !m f on high4 
,aft] !y _h made ?is essay 9 prea*+1 or 
r ?is ma/]piece ( eloqu5ce1 ,jesus      

,*ri/1 :o _h inspir$ _! ?\ghts & words1 
appe>$ 9 ! mid/ ( !m 9 ! =m ( a v       
beautiful "y man1 & gave ,8 bless+ to   
ea* ( !m successively1 ) wond]ful       
b5ignity4 ,?is a/oni%+ vision ?rew !m   
into a raptur\s transport2 aft] :i*1    
,francis address$ !m z foll[s3  ,my     
bre?r51 & de> *ildr51 give abundant     
?anks to ,god mo/ p[]ful1 & to ,8 ,son1 
our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 = hav+ deign$ to h
 communicat$ cele/ial treasures ?r\gh ! 
spee*es ( ! mo/ simple ( m52 = x is ,god
 :o causes infants to speak1 :o op5s !  
m\?s ( little *ildr51 & makes ! tongues 
( ! mo/ ignorant eloqu5t3 ,8 goodness   
r5d]s ,him compassionate to ! _w1 :i* is
 load$ ) crime4 ,he has resolv$ to w>n  
m5 ( ! woes into :i* !y are plung+      
!mselves2 & 9 ord] to root out f among/ 
!m ! works ( ! devil1 :i* are s9s1 ,he  
has *os5 vile & despicable prea*]s1 s t 
no "o %all h reason to glorify himself  
be=e ,him1 & t e "o %all ackn[l$ge t all
 ! good :i* is done comes f ,him4       
,al?\gh !re are few among y ( :om x c be

 said t !y h worldly wisdom1 or are     
p[]ful or noble1 yet x is y :om ! ,"l   
ha? *os5 = ?is important "w4 ,x is ,8 w 
t y %\ld g into all p>ts to honor ,him  
by y\r actions & by y\r words1 br++ to  
,8 fe> & to ,8 love su* z h /ray$ into  
evil ways4  ,prep>e y\rselves !re=e to  
set =?2 gird y\r lo9s accord+ to !      
comm&s ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 be c\rage\s2 put 
on ! armor ( fai?2 be devot$ to ! s]vice
 ( ! ,gospel2 always prep>$ to let      
y\rselves be c>ri$ away z cl\ds1        
:i!rsoev] ! ,_s ( ,god may direct y1 by 
! guidance ( ob$i5ce1 to %$ ! dew ( !   
div9e ^w on ! dry & arid soil ( h>d5$   
he>ts4 ,= our ,"l has n call$ y into ?is
 ,in/itute to ?9k ( no?+ b sav+ y\r own 
s\ls quietly1 )\t any fatigue1 9 ! he>ts
 ( y\r c\ntry1 & 9 ! bosom ( y\r        
families2 ,8 int5tion is1 t y c>ry ,8 "n
 & ,8 fai? into ! nations1 & be=e ! k+s 
( ! e>?4 ,n[1 le/ we %\ld appe> to be   
sl[ 9 c>ry+ ,8 w into execution1 we w   
divide ,italy among/ u2 & soon aft]1 we 
w make o!r missions into m di/ant       

c\ntries4  ,to ?is disc\rse ! disciples 
repli$1 t !y 7 prep>$ = ev]y?+2 t1 hav+ 
r5\nc$ _! own w1 !y only wait$ ! ord] to
 comm5ce ! j\rney2 & t ! di/ru/ !y _h ( 
!mselves 9 consequ5ce ( _! simplicity1 0
 c\nt]balanc$ by ! confid5ce !y _h 9 !  
assi/ance ( ! ,almighty1 :i* animat$ !m4
  ,! next morn+ ,francis divid$ ,italy  
among !m1 tak+ ,tuscany = himself )     
,sylve/]1 :o 0 ! fir/ prie/ 9 8 ,ord]1 s
 t he might1 by ?is arrangem5t1 be at ! 
%orte/ di/ance f ,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels1  
:]e he left "s ( ! bre?r5 to guide !    
novices :om he %\ld s5d !re4  ,two      
reasons induc$ him to make 8 beg9n+ 9   
,italy4 ,! fir/ 01 t x appe>$ to him to 
be j t ! ,div9e ,^w %\ld be fir/ spread 
9 t c\ntry1 ( :i* ! prea*]s 7 natives1 z
 ! ,apo/les _h done 9 reg>d to ! ,jews4 
,! second 01 t he might judge f :at !y  
%\ld effect among ! ,italians1 :at !y 7 
capable ( effect+ else:]e3 9 :i* 8      
judgm5t is to be admir$4  ,he c\ld n    
d\bt b t ! vocation ( 8 *ildr5 came f   
,god2 nev]!less1 he us$ all !           

precautions :i* prud5ce dictat$1 because
 he knew t ! ,"l1 :o acts accord+ to ,8 
good pleasure by secret & sup]natural   
means1 *ooses t m5 on _! "p %\ld pursue 
! ord9>y c\rse 9 all t dep5ds on !m4    
,?is is a sure gr\nd-"w1 :i* is n only a
 rule 9 all t relates to salvation1 b   
also is applicable to ! affairs ( ?is   
life4  ,! man ( ,god1 hav+ comm5c$ 8    
r\te t[>ds ,tuscany1 pass$ ?r\gh        
,p]ugia1 :]e he prea*$ 9 ! great squ>e1 
z is cu/om>y 9 ,italy4 ,"s "y g5tlem51 (
 ! fir/ families ( ! place1 came also   
!re = ! ex]cises ( ! t\rnam5t1 & made s 
mu* noise t ! prea*] c\ld be no long]   
he>d4 ,z !y cont9u$ _! lance ex]cises1  
not)/&+ ! remon/rance ( ! p1 ! ,sa9t1   
turn+ to ! side 9 :i* !y 71 address$ !m 
9 ! foll[+ words ) great animation3--   
,pay att5tion1 & le>n :at ! ,"l decl>es 
to y ?r\gh me1 :o am ,8 s]vant1 & d n   
imag9e to satisfy y\rselves by say+1    
,?is is only a man f ,assisi :o speaks  
to y4 7,a precaution he took because    
,p]ugia & ,assisi1 neighbor+ t[ns1 7    

always oppos$ to ea* o!r47 ,:at ,i tell 
y1 ,i d n tell y z man4 ,god has rais$ y
 above all ! adjac5t c\ntries2 9        
gratitude = :i* y %\ld humble y\rselves1
 n m]ely 9 ,8 eyes1 b be=e all ! _w4 ,b1
 on ! contr>y1 y\r /r5g? & y\r glory h s
 inflam$ y\r pride1 t y h pillag$ & laid
 wa/e all t surr\nds y1 & y h kill$ no  
inconsid]able numb]4 ,= :i* reason ,i   
decl>e to y t1 unless y be spe$ily      
conv]t$1 & repair ! damage y h done1 !  
,"l1 :o suff]s no evil to be committ$ ) 
impunity1 w take rev5ge on y\r s9s4 ,9  
ord] to create 9 y ! great] dismay1 ,he 
w suff] y to rise up "o aga9/ ! o!r1 to 
excite a popul> commotion1 & to d       
y\rselves mu* great] injury ?an any (   
y\r neighbors c\ld d to y4  ,he rema9$  
"s "t at ,p]ugia1 :]e !y soon saw !     
effect ( 8 ?reats4 ,! nobles 7 irritat$ 
aga9/ ! plebeians1 ! cl]gy jo9$ ! p>ty (
 ! nobles1 & !y came to bl[s2 ! p1 :o 7 
! /ronge/1 drove ! o!rs out ( ! t[n4 ,! 
discomfit$ p>ty1 9 ord] to be rev5g$1   
laid wa/e ev]y?+ 9 ! c\ntry :i* belong$ 

to ! p2 :o1 by way ( reprisals1 pillag$ 
! h\ses ( ! nobles1 & massacr$ _!       
s]vants & ev5 _! *ildr54 ,inde$ ! disa/]
 0 s great1 t1 accord+ to ! pr$iction1  
arm$ neighbors c\ld n h caus$ any       
great]4  ,! ,p]ugians hav+ ?us1 at _!   
co/1 discov]$ ! hol9ess ( ! prea*]1 wi%$
 to reta9 him 9 _! city1 & entreat$ him 
to *oose :at place he pleas$ = 8 abode4 
,_m "y p]sons ( pure morals jo9$ 8      
,ord]2 "o among o!rs1 ^: vocation 0 v   
s+ul>4 ,z he 0 walk+ "o day out ( ! t[n1
 8 m9d int5t ^u 8 wi% to consecrate     
himself to ,god1 ,jesus ,*ri/ appe>$ to 
him1 & said3 ,man ( desires1 if y hope  
to be 9 ! enjoym5t ( :at y wi% =1 & to  
effect y\r salvation1 take a religi\s   
habit & foll[ ,me4 ,he imm$iately ask$  
into :at ord] he %\ld ent]4 ,our ,"l    
answ]$ him3 ,jo9 ! new ,ord] ( ,francis 
( ,assisi4 ,he !n made ?is fur!r        
inquiry3 ,"l1 :5 ,i %all h jo9$ t ,ord]1
 :at mode ( life %all ,i foll[1 to be m 
agreeable to ,!e8 & ?is is ! answ] he   
receiv$3 ,lead ! usual life2 ent] into  

no p>ticul> intimacies ) y\r bre?r52    
take no notice ( ! defects ( o!rs1 & =m 
no op9ion to _! disadvantage4 ,^! are   
admirable means = liv+ holily &         
peaceably 9 a community4 ,! "y man came 
& (f]$ himself to ,francis1 :o knew t   
,jesus ,*ri/ _h s5t him1 & he admitt$   
him imm$iately1 giv+ him ! "n ( ,bro!r  
,humble1 on acc\nt ( ! humility he f\nd 
9 8 he>t4  ,at ,crotona1 to :i* place he
 next took ! ^w ( ,god1 !re 0 ano!r "y  
man nam$ ,guy1 :o1 mov$ by 8 prea*+1 _h 
invit$ him to d9n]3 ,?is "y man1 said   
,francis1 w ent] our militia to-day1 & w
 sanctify himself 9 ?is t[n4 ,he 0 !    
olde/ ( 8 family1 br\ght up 9 /udy & 9  
virtue1 & ! excell5ce ( 8 conduct exce$$
 ev5 t ( 8 education4 ,he frequ5t$ !    
*ur*es & ! sacram5ts1 he gave great     
alms1 & visit$ ! sick to assi/ !m2 he   
wore a hair-%irt1 & *a/is$ 8 body       
sev]ely1 to enable him to pres]ve 8     
virg9al purity4 ,he _h made a v[ to d   
?is4 ,aft] ! d9n]1 he knelt d[n &       
petition$ = ! habit ( a ,fri> ,m9or1 :i*

 he receiv$ 9 ! pr9cipal *ur* ( ! t[n1 9
 ! pres5ce ( a num]\s conc\rse ( p1 aft]
 hav+ fir/ fulfill$ two conditions :i* !
 fa!r _h prescrib$ = him3 ,! fir/ 01 to 
give to ! poor all t he _h inh]it$ by 8 
"r ( primog5iture2 ! second 01 to r5\nce
 all ! re/ ( 8 =tune4 ,x 0 9 ! same t[n 
t he liv$ a mo/ holy life1 z _h be5     
=etold1 honor$ by _m miracles2 n[ by    
p]mission ( ! ,holy ,see1 he is publicly
 invok$4  ,! love ( pray] & retirem5t   
made ,francis wi% to f9d 9 !            
neighborhood ( ,crotona a fit place =   
build+ a h\se suitable = ! education ( 8
 novices4 ,guy po9t$ "o out to him 9 !  
valley1 ne> a place call$ ,celles4 ,?is 
location greatly pleas$ him1 because x 0
 solit>y2 & by ! aid ( "s pi\s p]sons1  
he built a v poor dwell+1 :i* he soon   
fill$ ) novices1 & :]e he receiv$ !     
celebrat$ ,bro!r ,elias1 ( :om we %all h
 mu* to say h]eaft]4  ,hav+ sp5t ne>ly  
two mon?s 9 prea*+ at ,crotona1 & 9 =m+ 
8 novices at ! ,conv5t ( ,celles1 he 0  
inspir$ to pass ov] to a des]t isl& 9 ! 

middle ( ! ,lake ( ,p]ugia4 ,l5t 0 draw+
 ne>4 ,he recomm5d$ ! c>e ( ! h\se to   
,sylve/]1 )\t lett+ him "k :at 8 own    
int5tion 02 & on ,a%-,w$nesday he caus$ 
himself to be tak5 to ! isl& by a       
boatman1 hav+ ) him only two loaves (   
bread4 ,! boatman 0 a wor?y man & 8     
fri5d4 ,he begg$ him n to tell any "o   
:]e he 01 & only to come to him on !    
,w$nesday ( ,holy-,week1 to take him    
back to ! %ore4  ,hav+ made himself !re 
a sort ( hut 9 "o ( ! ?ickets1 to       
pres]ve himself f ! cold1 he _h 8       
int]c\rse ) ,god alone dur+ two & =ty   
days2 & 8 fa/ 0 s rigor\s1 t ( ! two    
loaves he br\ght ) him he only ate half 
a "o4--,9 ecclesia/ical hi/ory we meet )
 examples ( ^! miracul\s fa/s1 ( :i* !  
,holy ,fa!rs h _h an assur$ k1 & :i* !  
weakness ( human nature 0 enabl$ to     
su/a9 by virtue ( ! ,_s ( ,god1 :i*     
support$ !m4 ,! fruit :i* !y 7 to d]ive 
f x1 0 to animate ! fai?ful to keep1 ) z
 mu* exactness z 0 9 _! p[]1 ! fa/s     
prescrib$ by ! ,*ur*1 & p>ticul>ly ! fa/

 ( ,l5t1 :i* _m pr9cipal motives (      
religion r5d] s v5]able4  ,on ,w$nesday 
9 ,holy-,week1 ! boatman w5t to fet*    
,francis & br+ him back to ,crotona4 ,on
 ! passage ! ,sa9t /ill$ a /orm1 by mak+
 ! sign ( ! cross on ! waves2 & z soon z
 he _h l&$ he w5t to ! ,conv5t at       
,celles1 :]e he pass$ ! rema9d] ( !     
,holy-,week ) 8 bre?r54 ,8 confidant did
 n ?9k x necess>y to keep ! secret ( !  
m>vell\s fa/4 ,! rumor spread1 & _m     
p]sons w5t to ! isl& to see & v5]ate !  
hut 9 :i* he _h liv$4 ,! miracles :i* 7 
wr\ght !re by ! m]its ( ! ,sa9t1 induc$ 
"s p]sons to build !re2 & gradually a   
small t[n arose1 :]e lat] a *ur* 0      
built1 ) a conv5t ( 8 ,ord]1 ne> a spr+ 
at :i* he _h drunk2 sick 7 aft]w>ds cur$
 !re4  ,aft] ! ,ea/] solemnities1 he    
plac$ a sup]ior 9 ! conv5t2 !n hav+     
t5d]ly embrac$ ! religi\s1 he made !    
sign ( ! cross on !m1 & sep>at$ himself 
f !m to g to ,arezzo4  ,?is t[n 0 at t  
"t greatly agitat$ by int]nal           
diss5sions1 :i* 7 likely to br+ on its  

entire ru94 ,francis be+ lodg$ 9 !      
suburbs1 :]e he _h be5 hospitably       
receiv$1 saw ov] ! t[n1 ) ! p5etrat+    
sight :i* ! ,almighty _h giv5 him1      
devils :o excit$ ! citiz5s to massacre  
ea* o!r1 & :o appe>$ to be transport$ ) 
joy4 ,to put ^! evil spirits to flight1 
he s5t ,sylve/]1 z 8 h]ald1 & gave him  
?is comm&3 ,g to ! gate ( ! t[n1 & /&+  
be=e x1 ord] ! devils1 9 ! "n ( !       
,almighty ,god1 & 9 virtue ( ob$i5ce1   
in/antly to retire4 ,sylve/]1 :o 0 a man
 ( extraord9>y simplicity1 prais+ ,god  
be=eh& = :at 0 ab\t to happ51 w5t z fa/ 
z possible1 & cri$ out ) all 8 might3   
,all y devils :o are "h1 begone1 g f> f 
h5ce4 ,x is 9 ! "n ( ,god & ( ,8 s]vant1
 ,francis1 t ,i call ^u y to g4 ,at ?is 
v mom5t ! citiz5s1 :o 7 on ! po9t ( fly+
 to arms1 came to an und]/&+ on ! po9ts 
:i* 7 9 dispute1 & peace 0 re/or$ to !  
t[n4 ,on :i* ,/4 ,bonav5ture rem>ks1 t !
 ob$i5ce & humility ( ,francis _h obta9$
 = him t absolute p[] ov] ! pr\d spirits
 :o fe> & fly f ! sublime virtue ( !    

humble4  ,x became kn[n 9 ,arezzo :o !  
au?or 0 ( s sudd5 a reconciliation1     
because ! words :i* _h be5 spok5 by     
,sylve/] _h be5 he>d4 ,francis 0 s\ght =
 & br\ght into ! t[n 9 a sort ( triumph1
 not)/&+ ! ef=ts he made to escape f ?is
 honor4 ,he prea*$ 9 ! great squ>e on ! 
love ( peace1 & on ! means ( pres]v+ x2 
po9t+ out to !m t diss5sions & qu>rels  
came f1 & are promot$ by1 ! evil _s4 ,! 
magi/rates ent]ta9$ him at ! t[n-h\se1 &
 _h a conv5t built = 8 ,ord] accord+ to 
8 wi%es1 t is to say1 accord+ to holy   
pov]ty2 9 :i* he plac$ "s wor?y subjects
 :o _h pres5t$ !mselves to him4 ,a *ild 
0 br\ght to him :o 0 q di/ort$2 he took 
x into 8 arms1 & x =?) became /raight4  
,?is miracle1 & sev]al o!rs :i* he p]=m$
 dur+ 8 /ay1 prov$ t ,god _h giv5 him z 
mu* p[] ov] bodily compla9ts z ov] !    
evil spirits4  ,f ,arrezo he b5t 8 /eps 
to ,flor5ce1 prea*+ ) great success     
?r\gh\t ! r\te4 ,! lords ( ,gangh]eto   
receiv$ him ) great respect1 & 7 s      
pleas$ ) ! hol9ess ( 8 life1 t !y begg$ 

8 acceptance ( a field & a small wood = 
! s]vice ( 8 religi\s4 ,he set up a hut 
!re1 :]e 8 infirmities compell$ him to  
rema9 "s "t4 ,aft] prea*+ & pray]1 to   
:i* he daily gave "s "t1 "o aft] ! o!r1 
he employ$ himself 9 build+ a small wall
 r\nd a spr+ ( wat] :i* he got          
miracul\sly1 & :i* /ill fl[s1 ! wat] (  
:i* ,god 0 pleas$ to r5d] salut>y4  ,z  
soon z 8 heal? 0 9 "s degree re/or$1 he 
cont9u$ 8 way t[>ds ,flor5ce1 :]e he w5t
 to lodge 9 ! hospital4 ,! foll[+ day he
 prea*$ 9 ! t[n1 & 0 li/5$ to z a sa9t4 
,!y gave him a small dwell+ ne> ! *ur* (
 ,/4 ,gall1 ab\t five hundr$ paces f !  
city1 9 :i* he receiv$ sev]al novices1  
:o r5d]$ !mselves illu/ri\s by _! exalt$
 virtues2 among :om ,john ,p>5t is      
p>ticul>ly notic$1 :o 0 a native (      
,c>mignano1 ne> ,pi/oria4  ,8 conv]sion 
0 attributable to a v peculi>           
circum/ance4 ,z he 0 walk+ "o ev5+ 9 !  
environs ( ! t[n1 he saw a sw9eh]d :o 0 
endeavor+ to drive 8 pigs into a /able1 
& :o1 be+ 9 a great passion because1    

in/ead ( go+ 91 !y disp]s$ !mselves 9   
all directions1 call$ out to !m 9 8     
ang]3 ,sw9e1 get into ?is /able z judges
 get into hell4 ,he _h sc>cely said !   
words1 :5 ^! animals w5t quietly 94 ,t  
:i* might h appe>$ to ?is magi/rate no?+
 b an imp]t95ce1 /ruck him1 & made s    
/rong an impression ^u him1 t1 hav+     
s]i\sly reflect$ on ! dang]s incurr$ by 
a judge 7:i* are inde$ v great7 z to    
salvation1 he ?rew up 8 magi/racy1 &    
retir$ to ,flor5ce4 ,!re he saw         
,francis1 exam9$ 8 conduct1 admir$ 8    
virtues1 & felt himself call$ by ,god to
 imitate him4 ,an only son ( 8 _h a     
simil> vocation4 ,! fa!r & ! son divid$ 
_! all among ! poor1 & became disciples 
( ! ,sa9t1 ^: prophecy began ?us to be  
fulfill$3 t ! wise & le>n$ ( ! _w w\ld  
ent] into 8 ,ord]4  ,su* a conv]sion    
sets be=e u ?is important tru?3 t ! ,_s 
brea!? :]e ,he w2 t ! ,"l gives ,8 grace
 sometimes to :at is mo/ common1 mo/    
simple1 & ev5 mo/ base1 accord+ to !    
notions ( ! _w2 t x is necess>y to be   

att5tive1 t we may n receive ! grace (  
,god 9 va92 & t1 little z x may seem at 
fir/1 by be+ c>efully att5d$ to1 x may h
 ! mo/ b5eficial results4 ,n to be      
?ankful = x1 to neglect x1 to resi/ x1  
is a heavy loss4  ,:ile ,francis 0 at   
,/4 ,gall1 he =etold a ?+ :i* ! ev5t    
ju/ifi$ a few ye>s aft]w>ds4 ,?ree m5 at
 ,flor5ce br\ght ea* a *ild to receive 8
 bless+4 ,z soon z he 0 appris$ ( x1 he 
w5t into ! g>d5 & ga!r$ five figs1 !n he
 came 91 & gave "o to ! fir/ ( ! *ildr51
 "o to ! second1 & ?ree to ! ?ird1 to   
:om he address$ ! foll[+ words3 ,y w be 
my de> *ild4 ,t "o1 :5 he _h atta9$ !   
prop] age1 took ! habit ( ! ,fri>s      
,m9or1 & 0 call$ ,bro!r ,angel1 :i* he  
des]v$ by 8 angelic life1 :i* 0 ! fruit 
( 8 great devotion to ! ,bless$ ,virg91 
f :om he receiv$ v m>k$ favors4  ,f !   
mon? ( ,octob]1 #abaa1 to ! beg9n+ (    
#abab1 ! man ( ,god visit$ ! ,t[ns (    
,pescia1 ,pisa1 ,san ,m9iato1 ,s>?iano1 
,cetona1 & o!r places 9 ,tuscany1 :]e he
 made _m wond]ful conv]sions1 & left "s 

( 8 bre?r5 to cont9ue ! "w ( ,god4 ,we  
%all relate1 at ! end ( 8 life1 ! great 
honors :i* 7 publicly %[n him1--honors  
:i* he receiv$ ) ! greate/ humility1 &  
yet ) ! mo/ g5]\s s5tim5ts4  ,! bre?r5  
:om he _h disp]s$ 9 ! o!r prov9ces (    
,italy1 & :o p>took ( 8 apo/olic _s1    
labor$ on _! "p ) great zeal & success4 
,!y f\nd$ _m e/abli%m5ts1 & =m$ _m      
disciples1 :om !y s5t to ! holy ,f\nd] 9
 ord] to receive ! habit ( ! ,ord] f    
him4  ,!y m5tion p>ticul>ly :at happ5$  
at ,bologna to ,b]n>d de ,qu9tavalle4 ,z
 soon z he made 8 appe>ance1 8          
extraord9>y & v poor habit made him     
look$ ^u z a p]son n wor?y ( notice4 ,he
 w5t to ! great squ>e 9 ord] to prea* ! 
tru? ( salvation1 & he w5t !re sev]al   
times )\t hav+ collect$ an audi5ce4     
,*ildr5 & idle p surr\nd$ him2 "s pull$ 
him by ! hood1 o!rs ?rew mud & /ones at 
him2 & he 0 daily assail$ ) fre%        
outrages1 :i* he bore ) exempl>y        
pati5ce4  ,a lawy]1 hav+ notic$ ?is1    
made 8 reflections on x1 & x occurr$ to 

him t 8 conduct might be attribut$ to   
virtue r ?an ins5sibility4 ,"o day1 !n1 
he came up to ,b]n>d & ask$ him :o he 01
 & :at he _h come to d at ,bologna4 ,y w
 "k :o ,i am1 repli$ ,b]n>d1 if y w take
 ! tr\ble to read :at ,i n[ (f] y4 ,x 0 
! ,rule ( ,francis1 ( :i* he _h a copy1 
& :i* he plac$ 9 8 h&4 ,! lawy] hav+    
read x ) a/oni%m5t1 said to ^? :o       
accompani$ him3 ,i own ,i h nev] se5    
any?+ s p]fect or s h]oic z ?is mode (  
life4 ,^? :o ill-use ?is man are v      
crim9al2 he ought1 on ! contr>y1 to be  
load$ ) honors1 z a special fri5d (     
,god4 ,!n1 address+ himself to ,b]n>d1  
he said3 ,if y w foll[ me1 ,i w give y a
 place 9 :i* y may s]ve ! ,"l4 ,b]n>d1  
hav+ accept$ ! (f]1 0 tak5 to ! h\se ( 8
 b5efactor1 :o receiv$ him ) affection1 
& gave him a h\se1 :i* he furni%$ )     
ev]y?+ necess>y1 & promis$ to protect   
him & 8 companions4 ,aft] ?is1 ,b]n>d 0 
s highly respect$ 9 ,bologna1 t p       
consid]$ !mselves =tunate if !y c\ld get
 ne> him1 t\* him1 or ev5 see him4 ,?is 

truly humble man1 mortifi$ at ! honor   
:i* 0 %[n him1 w5t to ,francis1 & said1 
,my ,fa!r1 all is 9 good ord] at        
,bologna4 ,b s5d any o!r religi\s ?i!r r
 ?an me1 = ,i h no long] any hopes ( be+
 useful !re3 x is ev5 to be fe>$ t ,i   
may lose _m graces on acc\nt ( ! great  
honors ,i receive4 ,?is prud5t mi/ru/ ( 
himself 0 z pleas+ to ! holy ,fa!r z !  
affection ( ! ,bolognese1 to :i* he     
respond$ by s5d+ !m sev]al ( 8          
disciples1 :o subsequ5tly spread ! ,ord]
 ?r\gh\t all ,romagna4  ,! holy ,patri>*
 return$ "s "t be=e ,l5t to ,/4 ,m>y ( !
 ,angels1 :]e 8 fir/ c>e 0 to exam9e    
rigidly :e!r 9 8 ,evangelical progress  
"s worldly du/ might n h adh]$ to him 9 
consequ5ce ( 8 communications ) secul>s2
 & 9 ^? in/ances 9 :i* ! extreme        
delicacy ( 8 consci5ce gave him room =  
self-reproa*1 he purifi$ himself by v   
sev]e p5it5tial obs]vances4 ,he !n      
appli$ himself c>efully to ! =mation ( !
 novices1 :om he _h collect$ f v>i\s    
places1 & he prea*$ dur+ ! ,l5t at      

,assisi4  ,8 disc\rses1 back$ by 8      
example1 & 8 pray]s & exhortations1     
animat$ by an ard5t zeal1 7 s           
efficaci\s1 t 9 ! t[n & c\nty ( ,assisi 
a v great numb] ( p]sons 0 conv]t$1 & ! 
fire ( div9e love 0 k9dl$ 9 e he>t4 ,!n1
 says ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 us+ ! words ( !  
,holy ,scriptures1 ! v9e ( ! ,"l spread 
its bran*es & bore fl[]s ( a mo/        
agreeable odor1 & produc$ fruits ( glory
 9 abundance4 ,!re 7 _m "y girls :o made
 v[s ( p]petual virg9ity2 among/ :om1   
says ! same holy doctor1 ! ,bless$ ,cl>e
 appe>$ z ! mo/ beautiful plant 9 ! g>d5
 ( ! ,cele/ial ,sp\se1 & z a /> m       
brilliant ?an all ! o!rs4  ,?is         
illu/ri\s maid5 0 ! daught] ( a ri* &   
noble family ( ,assisi4 ,! ,cavali]e    
,favor9e1 or ,fav>one1 h] fa!r1 0       
desc5d$ f ! anci5t & p[]ful h\ses (     
,scifi & ,fiumi4 ,h] "m1 ( equal high   
bir? & exalt$ piety1 0 call$ ,hortulana4
 ,%e _h ! tal5t ( jo9+ ! c>e ( h]       
h\sehold to ! practice ( good works1 &  
to regulate h] "t s well1 t %e f\nd     

en\gh 9 :i* to visit1 ) ! cons5t ( h]   
husb&1 _m holy places3 %e ev5 made a    
pilgrimage to ! ,holy ,l&4 ,if ?is      
practice is no long] usual 9 ^! days1   
p>ticul>ly z reg>ds di/ant c\ntries1 x  
arises f ! circum/ances ( ! times be+ v 
diff]5t1 & f !re hav+ be5 a great *ange 
9 mann]s4 ,b ,*ri/ian piety does n p]mit
 u altoge!r to condemn 7indep5d5tly (   
abuses7 voyages or j\rneys ( devotion1  
s9ce !y are sanction$ by ! examples ( ! 
sa9ts1 h be5 approv$ by ! ,fa!rs ( !    
,*ur*1 & s9ce at "o "t !y 7 direct$ z   
sacram5tal p5ances = c]ta9 s9n]s4       
,hortulana _h ?ree daught]s1 ,cl>e1     
,agnes1 ,beatrix4 ,be+ ab\t to be conf9$
 ( ! fir/1 & pray+ to ,god be=e a       
crucifix 9 a *ur* = a safe deliv]y1 %e  
he>d a voice1 :i* said to h]3 ,woman1   
fe> n1 ?\ wilt br+ =?1 )\t dang]1 a     
light :i* w illum9ate a va/ space4 ,?is 
0 ! reason %e gave ! "n ( ,cl>e to !    
daught] to :om %e gave bir?1 9 ! hopes (
 see+ ! accompli%m5t ( :at x might      
signify4  ,inde$1 f h] e>lie/ ye>s1 h]  

virtue %one z an aurora1 !              
progno/ication ( a f9e day4 ,%e receiv$ 
) docility ! in/ructions ( h] "m1 & h]  
:ole conduct 0 ! fruit !re(2 ! ex]cise (
 pray] became famili> to h]2 %e e day   
recit$ ! ,"l's ,pray] a numb] ( times1  
:i* %e m>k$ ) small /ones1 9 ord] to be 
exact 9 ! daily numb] %e _h assign$ =   
h]self4 ,9 t %e resembl$ ! solit>y ( !  
,des]t ( ,see!1 :o kept an acc\nt ( !   
numb] ( 8 pray]s1 (f]+ !m to ,god ?ree  
hundr$ times ea* day4 ,naturally t5d] & 
compassionate to ! poor1 %e aid$ !m     
volunt>ily1 & ! opul5ce ( h] family     
enabl$ h] to assi/ !m abundantly4 ,b1 9 
ord] to r5d] h] *>ities m agreeable to  
,god1 %e s5t to ! poor1 by confid5tial  
p]sons1 ! nice/ eatables :i* 7 s]v$ to  
h]self4 ,! love ( ,god1 ) :i* ^! holy   
practices inflam$ h] he>t1 inspir$ h] ) 
a hatr$ ( h] own body1 & %[$ h] ! vanity
 ( all ! ?+s ( ?is _w4 ,"u h] own co/ly 
dresses1 :i* h] situation 9 society     
oblig$ h] to we>1 %e con/antly _h a     
hair-%irt2 & %e clev]ly refus$ a        

proposal ( m>riage :i* h] p>5ts wi%$ h] 
to accept1 recomm5d+ to ,god h]         
virg9ity1 :i* %e int5d$ to pres]ve 9    
entire purity4 ,al?\gh %e 0 at t "t     
conf9$ 9 ! bosom ( h] family1 & solely  
int5t on sanctify+ h]self 9 secret be=e 
! eyes ( ,god1 h] virtue became !       
subject ( admiration1 )\t h] be+        
consci\s ( x1 & drew d[n ^u h] ! e/eem &
 praise ( ! :ole t[n4  ,! great         
celebrity :i* ! sanctity ( ,francis ga9$
 9 ! _w1 c\ld n be unkn[n to "y         
,cl>e4--,aw>e t ?is wond]ful man r5ew$ a
 p]fection on ! e>? :i* 0 almo/ =gott51 
%e wi%$ mu* to see him & to h           
conv]sations ) him4 ,francis also1 hav+ 
he>d ! reputation ( ,cl>e's virtues1 _h 
an equal desire to communicate ) h]1 t  
he might te> h] f ! _w & pres5t h] to   
,jesus ,*ri/4 ,!y saw & visit$ ea* o!r  
sev]al times4 ,cl>e w5t to ,/4 ,m>y ( ! 
,angels ) a virtu\s lady1 a relation (  
h]s1 ^: "n 0 ,bona ,guelfucci2 ,francis 
also came to see h]1 b always tak+ !    
necess>y precautions to h ! pi\s secret 

kept4 ,%e plac$ h]self entirely "u 8    
guidance1 & he soon p]suad$ h] to       
consecrate h]self to ,god4 ,an int]ior  
view ( et]nal happ9ess inspir$ h] ) su* 
contempt = ! vanities ( ! _w1 & fill$ h]
 he>t ) su* div9e love1 t %e _h a       
complete loa?+ = f9]y1 :i* x 0 n z yet  
p]mitt$ h] to ?r[ aside2 & f t "t %e    
ent]$ into engagem5ts to live 9 a /ate (
 p]petual virg9ity4  ,! holy director   
did n *oose t s pure a s\l %\ld cont9ue 
long] expos$ to ! contagion ( ! _w4 ,%e 
_h h]self come to him "s days be=e      
,palm-,sunday to ha/5 ! execution ( h]  
int5tion2 he told h] to assi/ at !      
c]emony ( ! deliv]y ( palms dress$ 9 h] 
usual ornam5ts1 to leave ,assisi !      
foll[+ night1 z our ,bless$ ,savi\r _h  
left ,j]usalem to suff] on ,m\nt        
,calv>y1 & to come to ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,m>y 
( ! ,angels1 :]e %e w\ld ex*ange h]     
worldly ornam5ts = a p5it5tial habit1 & 
! va9 joys ( ! _w = holy lam5tations ov]
 ! ,passion ( ,jesus ,*ri/4  ,on ! #ah? 
( ,m>*1 be+ ,palm-,sunday1 ,cl>e1       

magnific5tly dress$1 w5t ) o!r ladies to
 ! ,ca!dral ,*ur*1 & z %e rema9$ 9 h]   
place out ( ba%fulness :ile ! o!rs cr[d$
 =w>d to receive ! palms1 ! bi%op came  
d[n f ! alt>1 & c>ri$ a palm bran* to   
h]1 z a symbol ( ! victory %e 0 ab\t to 
ga9 ov] ! _w4  ,! foll[+ night1         
accompani$ z propriety requir$1 %e      
arrang$ h] flight z h] spiritual ,fa!r  
_h direct$1 & accord+ to ! e>ne/ wi% (  
h] s\l4 ,n be+ able to get out by !     
front door1 ( :i* %e _h n ! key1 %e _h !
 c\rage & /r5g? to break op5 a small    
door :i* _h be5 block$ up ) /ones &     
wood1 & %e repair$ to ! *ur*1 :]e       
,francis & 8 bre?r51 :o 7 say+ _! mat9s1
 receiv$ h] ) great solemnity1 be>+     
light$ tap]s 9 _! h&s4 ,!y cut (f h]    
hair be=e ! alt>1 & aft] %e _h tak5 (f  
h] ornam5ts ) ! help ( ! females :o     
accompani$ h]1 %e receiv$ ! p5it5tial   
habit1 consecrat+ h] virg9ity to ,jesus 
,*ri/1 "u ! protection ( ! ,que5 (      
,virg9s1 :ile ! religi\s *ant$ hymns &  
canticles4  ,x 0 a t\*+ sc5e to see a "y

 noble lady1 only eighte5 ye>s ( age1 9 
solitude1 9 ! middle ( ! night1 r5\nce  
all ! advantages & allurem5ts ( ! _w1   
put on sackclo? & a cord1 & devote      
h]self to a rigor\s sy/em ( p5it5tial   
ex]cises1 solely = ! love ( ,god4       
,simil> sacrifices c only be made by a  
sup]natural virtue2 !y prove t !        
religion :i* inspires !m is div9e2 &    
ju/ly does ,/4 ,ambrose consid] !m to be
 f> above ! mo/ h]oical pagan virtues4  
,x mu/ be rem>k$1 moreov]1 t ! ,*ur* (  
,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels1 :i* 0 ! cradle ( !
 ,ord] ( ! ,poor ,evangelical ,bre?r5   
:i* ,francis _h j e/abli%$1 0 also !    
place :]e ,cl>e made pr(ession ( ! same 
pov]ty1 t %e subsequ5tly prescrib$ to ! 
,ord] ( ,wom51 :i* %e in/itut$ toge!r ) 
! holy ,patri>*4 ,?is gives to ! two    
ord]s ! pleas+ consolation ( kn[+ t !y  
belong to ! ,"m ( ,god f _! orig91 & t  
%e is specially _! "m4  ,z soon z !     
c]emony 0 ov]1 ,francis1 :o 0 always    
guid$ by ! _s ( wisdom1 took ! new bride
 ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 foll[$ by h]           

companions1 to ! mona/]y ( ,b5$ict9es ( 
,/4 ,paul1 !re to rema9 until ,div9e    
,provid5ce %\ld provide a dwell+ = h]4  
,:5 morn+ dawn$1 & h] p>5ts le>nt :at _h
 occurr$ dur+ ! night1 !y 7 ov]:elm$ )  
grief4 ,!y equally disapprov$ ( :at     
,cl>e _h done1 & ( ! mann] 9 :i* %e _h  
c>ri$ h] int5tion into execution2 & !y  
w5t 9 great numb]s to ! mona/]y ( ,/4   
,paul1 to compel h] to leave x4 ,at fir/
 !y spoke to h] 9 mild & fri5dly t]ms2  
!y repres5t$ to h] t %e 0 *oos+ a vile &
 contemptible /ate ( life1 :i* 0        
disgraceful to h] family1 & t !re 0 no  
prec$5t 9 ! :ole c\ntry ( su* an        
occurr5ce4 ,aft] :i* !y attempt$ by     
viol5ce to =ce h] f ! mona/]y2 :i* !y   
might easily h done1 because 9 ^? times 
! religi\s females did n keep /rict     
enclosure1 beside :i* h] relations 7 all
 milit>y m51 accu/om$ to acts ( viol5ce4
  ,cl>e uncov]$ h] head to %[ !m t %e 0 
%orn2 & %e prote/$1 cl++ to ! alt>1 t   
no?+ 9 ! _w %\ld te> h] f ,jesus ,*ri/4 
,ei!r because !y _h too mu* respect =   

religion to v5ture to violate s holy an 
asylum1 or t ,god re/ra9$ !m by ,8 p[]1 
!y mole/$ h] no f>!r4 ,%e _h only to    
resi/ ! fre% ef=ts !y made to induce h] 
to return to h] fa!r4 ,b ! love ( ,god  
gave h] c\rage to resi/ ) su* det]m9$   
firmness1 t1 giv+ up all hopes ( conqu]+
 h]1 !y left h] 9 peace4  ,a %ort "t    
aft]1 ,francis remov$ h] f ! ,mona/]y ( 
,/4 ,paul to t ( ,/4 ,angelo de ,panso1 
( ! same ,ord] ( ,/4 ,b5$ict1 ne>       
,assisi1 to :i* %e drew h] si/] ,agnes4 
,! con=mity ( _! incl9ations & mann]s1  
:i* r5d]$ !m t5d]ly unit$1 _h made !m   
s5sibly feel _! sep>ation4 ,cl>e 0      
greatly griev$ t ,agnes1 at s t5d] an   
age1 %\ld be expos$ to ! dang]s ( ! _w4 
,%e pray$ f]v5tly to ! ,almighty to     
cause h] si/] to feel ! sweets ( ,8     
grace1 s t %e might gr[ disgu/$ ) ! _w1 
& become h] companion 9 ! s]vice (      
,jesus ,*ri/4 ,h] pray] 0 soon favorably
 he>d1 =1 a =tnight aft] h]             
consecration1 ,agnes came to h]1 &      
decl>$ t %e 0 decid$ to give h]self     

:olly to ,god4 ,i return ,him ?anks1    
repli$ ,cl>e1 = t ,he has ?us reliev$ me
 f ! uneas9ess ,i 0 9 on y\r acc\nt4  ,!
 indignation ( ! family 0 extreme1 :5 x 
became kn[n t "o si/] _h foll[$ ! o!r4  
,on ! morr[1 twelve ( its pr9cipal      
memb]s ha/5$ to ! ,mona/]y ( ,/4        
,angelo4 ,at fir/ !y feign$ to h come 9 
a peaceful mood2 b1 hav+ be5 admitt$1 !y
 turn$ to ,agnes1 = !y _h no long] any  
hopes ( ,cl>e1 & said3 ,:at bus9ess h y 
"h8 ,come imm$iately home ) u4 ,%e      
repli$ t %e did n *oose to leave h]     
si/]1 :5 "o ( ! knights1 =gett+ himself 
altoge!r1 attack$ h] furi\sly1 /ruck h] 
) 8 fi/1 kick$ h]1 pull$ h] d[n by !    
hair1 & ! o!rs c>ri$ h] (f 9 _! arms4   
,all t ?is innoc5t lamb c\ld d1 ?us torn
 by ! wolves1 0 to cry out3 ,my de>     
si/]1 come to my aid2 d n let !m sep>ate
 me f ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,cl>e c\ld give h]  
no assi/ance1 b by pray+ to ,god to r5d]
 h] /eadfa/1 & to *eck ! viol5ce ( h]   
ravi%]s4 ,?is pray] 0 foll[$ by a       
miracul\s effect1 simil> to :at ! ,*ur* 

records 9 ! life ( ! illu/ri\s virg9 &  
m>tyr1 ,/4 ,lucia4  ,z ! relations (    
,agnes dragg$ h] d[n ! m\nta91 te>+ h]  
clo!s1 & scatt]+ h] hair along ! road1  
because %e cont9u$ viol5tly to resi/1 %e
 became sudd5ly s heavy1 t !y 7 unable  
to raise h] f ! gr\nd1 ev5 ) ! help (   
p]sons :o flock$ f ! fields & ! v9ey>ds4
 ,!y 7 bl9d to ! f+] ( ,god 9 s         
extraord9>y an ev5t1 & !y ev5 made a je/
 ( x2 = ill-dispos$ p]sons1 l !         
,ph>isees ( ! ,gospel1 d n submit to !  
evid5ce ( miracles1 b c>ry _! impiety to
 ! l5g? ( turn+ all miracles into       
ridicule4 ,! "o :i* ,god 0 pleas$ to    
p]=m 9 ! p]son ( ,agnes1 ?rew h] uncle1 
^: "n 0 ,monaldi1 into su* a rage1 t he 
rais$ 8 arm to /rike h] 9 su* a mann] z 
w\ld h kill$ h]1 if ! ,div9e p[] _h n   
arre/$ ! bl[ by br++ su* an excessive   
pa9 into ! limb z to disable x2 ?is pa9 
la/$ a consid]able "t4 ,?is is a gr&    
lesson = ^? p>5ts :o prev5t _! *ildr5 f 
consecrat+ !mselves to ,god 9 a religi\s
 /ate4 ,if !y d n exp]i5ce 9 ?is _w !   

effects ( ,8 ang]1 !y ought to fe> !    
consequ5ces ( ! ana!ma 9 ! next ) :i* ! 
,c\ncil ( ,tr5t m5aces1 n only !m1 b ^? 
also :o compel _! *ildr5 to embrace a   
religi\s /ate4  ,cl>e came to ! field ( 
battle1 :]e %e f\nd h] si/] half dead4  
,%e entreat$ ! relations to retire & to 
leave h] 9 h] c>e1 :i* !y regrett+ly    
did4 ,agnes !n rose ) great ease1 glad  
to h _h a %>e 9 ! cross ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 
,%e return$ to ! mona/]y ) h] si/]1 to  
consecrate h]self to ,god "u ! direction
 ( ,francis1 :o cut (f h] hair ) 8 own  
h&s1 & in/ruct$ h] 9 ! duties ( ! /ate  
%e 0 ab\t to ent]4 ,cl>e1 n hav+ h] m9d 
q at ease 9 ! ,mona/]y ( ,/4 ,angelo1   
remov$ to ! h\se :i* adjo9$ ! ,*ur* (   
,/4 ,damian1 ! fir/ ( ! ?ree :i* he _h  
repair$1 & :]e he _h =etold t !re w\ld  
be "o day a mona/]y ( poor females1 :o  
%\ld lead a sanctifi$ life1 & ^:        
reputation w\ld cause our ,heav5ly ,fa!r
 to be glorifi$4  ,cl>e _h sc>cely fix$ 
h]self !re1 :5 ! fame ( h] sanctity     
spread all ar\nd1 & produc$ wond]ful    

effects4 ,! influ5ce ( grace 0 s great1 
t !re 7 _m p]sons ( all sexes & all     
ages1 ( all /ates ( life1 nobles & ri*1 
:o took to a religi\s life4 ,!y mutually
 incit$ ea* o!r 9 families1 z ,/4 ,j]ome
 tells u t x occurr$ 9 all ,africa1 :5 !
 illu/ri\s virg91 ,demetrias1 mov$ by ! 
exhortation ( ,/4 ,augu/9e1 took ! holy 
veil4 ,x 0 ev5 se5 t m>ri$ p]sons       
sep>at$ by mutual cons5t1 & ent]$       
sep>ate conv5ts3 & ^? :o c\ld n d ?is1  
/rove to sanctify !mselves 9 ! _w4 ,!   
virtues ( ! holy sp\se ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 z
 a preci\s p]fume1 attract$ pure &      
innoc5t s\ls1 :o made ! h\se ( ,/4      
,damian a num]\s community1 & ! cradle (
 ! ,ord] ( ! ,poor ,cl>es1 or ,poor     
,ladies1 ! second ( ! ?ree ord]s :i* 7  
e/abli%$ by ,/4 ,francis4 ,he appo9t$   
,cl>e ,abbess ( ,/4 ,damian1 al?\gh h]  
humility made h] wi% to be ! s]vant ( ! 
o!rs1 & he only ov]came h] repugnance by
 en=c+ t ob$i5ce :i* %e _h promis$ him4 
,x 0 !re t ?is holy abbess 0 enclos$    
dur+ a p]iod ( =ty-two ye>s 9 ! practice

 ( ! mo/ em95t p]fection1 & :i* we %all 
h an opportunity ( ref]r+ to1 :5 we come
 to speak ( h] rule4  ,aft] ,francis _h 
regulat$ ! spiritual ex]cises ( ^! nuns1
 provid$ = ! enclosure1 & plac$ ! h\se 9
 good ord]1 he turn$ 9 8 m9d ?+s p]sonal
 to himself1 z to :at %\ld be 8 future  
way ( life4 ,9 ord] to come to a        
decision1 he consult$ ^? ( 8 bre?r5 )   
:om he 0 9 ! habit ( hav+ famili>       
int]c\rse1 & propos$ to !m 8            
difficulties z foll[s3  ,my bre?r51 :at 
d y advise me8 ,:i* ( ! two d y ?9k be/3
 t ,i %all give myself to pray]1 or t ,i
 %all g =? to prea*8 ,to me x seems t   
pray] is :at is mo/ advantage\s to me1 =
 ,i am a simple p]son1 :o am n a good   
speak]1 & ,i h receiv$ ! gift ( pray]1 r
 ?an t ( spee*3 moreov]1 we ga9 mu* by  
pray]2 x is ! s\rce ( graces2 b1 9      
prea*+1 we only di/ribute to o!rs :at   
,god has communicat$4 ,pray] purifies ! 
he>t & ! affections2 x unites u to !    
sole true & sov]eign good1 & /r5g!ns u 9
 virtue4 ,prea*+ r5d]s ! feet ( !       

spiritual man du/y2 x is an employm5t   
:i* dissipates & di/racts1 & :i* causes 
regul> discipl9e to be relax$4 ,9 f9e1 9
 pray] we speak to ,god1 & we li/5 to   
,him2 we conv]se ) ! angels1 z if we    
liv$ an ,evangelic life4 ,9 prea*+ we   
mu/ h mu* condesc5sion t[>ds m51 &1 liv+
 ) !m1 we mu/ he> & see1 speak & ?9k1 9 
"s measure z !y d1 9 a human way4 ,b !re
 is "o ?+ :i* seems to prevail ov] all  
?is be=e ,god1 :i* is1 t ! ,only ,son1  
:o is 9 ! bosom ( ,8 ,fa!r1 & is !      
,sov]eign ,wisdom1 came d[n f heav5 to  
save s\ls1 to in/ruct mank9d by ,8      
example & by ,8 ^w1 to r$eem !m by ,8   
blood1 & to make ( ?is preci\s blood a  
ba? & a cele/ial bev]age3 all t ,he _h  
,he gave up lib]ally & )\t res]ve = our 
salvation4 ,n[1 hav+ b\nd ourselves to d
 all ?+s accord+ to ! model giv5 u 9 ,8 
p]son1 x seems m 9 con=mity to ! w (    
,god1 t ,i %\ld give up my own repose 9 
ord] to labor = ! b5efit ( o!rs4  ,aft] 
all ^! reflections1 he cont9u$ 9 an     
anxi\s /ate ( unc]ta9ty z to ! c\rse he 

ought to take2 & ?is man1 :o _h wond]ful
 k ?r\gh ! _s ( prophecy1 _h no light   
?r[n on 8 d\bts by pray]3 ,god p]mitt+  
at t "t t he %\ld n be s5sible to !     
evid5t pro(s he _h1 t he 0 call$ to !   
apo/olic life4  ,we h already se5 t     
p[]ful attractions to a contemplative   
life _h giv5 rise to simil> difficulties
 aris+ 9 8 m9d4 ,z he wi%$ 9 all ?+s to 
act fai?fully & p]fectly1 8 pr9cipal c>e
 0 to apply himself to ! virtues :i* he 
knew1 by ! inspiration ( ! ,holy ,_s1 to
 be mo/ agreeable to ,god4  ,/4         
,bonav5ture says t ?is 0 ! gr\nd ( 8    
d\bt1 & he gives two reasons :y ,god    
p]mitt$ t ! ,sa9t %\ld n h be5 able to  
solve ! difficulty1 ! solution ( :i*    
appe>$ s easy4 ,! fir/ is1 9 ord] t !   
heav5ly oracles :i* _h ann\nc$ t        
,francis 0 de/9$ to prea* ! ,gospel1    
%\ld give a m exalt$ idea ( ! m]its ( t 
m9i/ry2 to ?is may be add$1 t x 0 (     
consequ5ce t x %\ld be kn[n ) c]ta9ty t 
! holy ,f\nd] & 8 disciples 7 de/9$ by  
,heav5 to labor = ! salvation ( s\ls1   

s9ce 9 aft] times x has be5 f\nd t "s ( 
_! adv]s>ies h conte/$ x4 ,secondly1 !  
d\bt ( ! s]vant ( ,god 0 useful 9       
pres]v+ 8 humility & r5d]+ x /ill       
great]4 ,9 ! capacity ( a ,fri> ,m9or1  
he 0 n a%am$ ( seek+ ! advice ( ! lea/ (
 8 bre?r51 he :o _h be5 taught su*      
elevat$ ?+s f ! ,sov]eign ,ma/]4 ,x 0   
likewise "o ( 8 maxims ?r\gh\t 8 :ole   
life1 & ( ! pr9ciples ( ! sacr$         
philosophy1 ( :i* he made pr(ession1 to 
address himself to ! simple z well z to 
! le>n$1 to ! imp]fect z well z to !    
p]fect1 to ! "y z to ! old1 ) ! ard5t   
desire to f9d f int]c\rse ) !m 9 :at way
 & by :at means he c\ld be/ s]ve ,god   
accord+ to ,8 good pleasure1 & raise    
himself to ! greate/ p]fection4         
,f9ally1 we mu/ n be surpris$ t he      
entreat$ ,god to grant him additional   
pro(s ( 8 vocation1 aft] hav+ receiv$   
su* conv9c+ ones by revelations1 by     
miracles1 & f ! m\? ( ! ,vic> ( ,jesus  
,*ri/2 :5 we see 9 ! ,sacr$ ,scriptures1
 t ,gideon1 hav+ be5 *os5 by ,god to    

fight ! enemies ( ,8 p1 & ?is *oice hav+
 be5 manife/$ by ! app>ition ( an angel1
 by a miracle & by a revelation1 he     
nev]!less begg$ ! ,"l to give o!r       
miracul\s signs1 9 ord] to be /ill fur!r
 assur$ ( x1 & 8 pray] 0 grant$4 ,w\ld  
to ,god1 t1 )\t ask+ = miracles & )\t   
expect+ !m1 all vocations1 p>ticul>ly ^?
 = ! holy m9i/ries1 & o!r affairs (     
consci5ce1 7 exam9$ on su* s\nd         
pr9ciples1 & weigh$ by means z likely to
 des]ve ! light ( ,heav54  ,9 ord] to "k
 h[ f9ally to decide1 ,francis s5t two (
 8 religi\s1 ,philip & ,masse1 to ,bro!r
 ,sylve/] ! prie/1 :o 0 !n on ! m\nta9  
ne> ,assisi1 cont9ually int5t on pray]1 
begg+ him to consult ! ,"l on ! subject 
( 8 d\bt1 & to let him "k ! result4 ,he 
made a simil> application to ,cl>e1     
recomm5d+ h] to put ! same "q to h]     
si/]s1 & p>ticul>ly to ! "o :o %\ld     
appe> to h] to be ! mo/ pure & mo/      
s+le-m9d$4 ,! v5]able prie/ & !         
consecrat$ virg9 gave simil> answ]s1 &  
pron\nc$ t x 0 ! w ( ,god t ,francis    

%\ld g =? to prea*4  ,:5 ! two religi\s 
return$1 ,francis receiv$ !m ) great    
respect & affection2 he wa%$ _! feet1   
embrac$ !m1 & gave !m _! meal4 ,he !n   
took !m into ! wood1 :]e he knelt       
b>ehead$ & incl9$1 ) 8 h&s cross$ ^u 8  
brea/1 & said to !m3 ,n[ tell me :at my 
,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ comm&s me to d8 ,my v  
de> bro!r1 & my ,fa!r1 repli$ ,masse1   
,sylve/] & ,cl>e receiv$ precisely !    
same answ] f our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 :i*  
is1 t y set out to prea*2 because x is n
 = y\r salvation alone t ,he call$ y1 b 
= ! salvation ( o!rs also2 & = !m ,he w 
put ,8 words into y\r m\?4  ,!n         
,francis1 mov$ by ! ,_s ( ,god1 z !     
prophets _h be51 & inflam$ by ! fire (  
*>ity1 rose up1 say+3 ,let u !n g 9 ! "n
 ( ! ,"l2 & he set out ) two ( 8        
companions1 ,masse ( ,m>ignan1 & ,angelo
 ( ,rieti4 ,he walk$ s fa/ to obey !    
words ( ,heav51 t x 0 easy to see t !   
,"l act$ ^u him1 & t he _h receiv$ fre% 
/r5g? f above = ! m9i/ry ( prea*+4 ,8   
companions 7 ! m conv9c$ ( ?is by ! v   

extraord9>y wond]s :i* 7 work$ by him on
 ! r\te4  ,! apo/olical prea*] w5t fir/ 
to ,bevagna1 :]e he pron\nc$ an excell5t
 disc\rse on ! love ( ,god2 aft] :i*1 9 
pres5ce ( ! :ole audi5ce1 he re/or$ !   
sight ( a bl9d girl by putt+ spittle    
?ree times on h] eyes 9 ! "n ( ! ,bless$
 ,tr9ity4 ,?is miracle _h a salut>y     
effect on a numb] ( s9n]s1 :o 7 conv]t$2
 & _m ( !m jo9$ him :o 0 ! in/rum5t ( ! 
,div9e ,p[]4  ,s _m s\ls ga9$ to ,jesus 
,*ri/ 9 "o place1 /imulat$ him to c>ry !
 fai? into ! ,levant4 ,! triumph (      
m>tyrs1 ^: *>ity c\ld n be ext+ui%$ by !
 viol5ce ( p]secutions1 excit$ 9 him a  
holy jeal\sy4 ,burn+ ) simil> fire1 he  
wi%$ to (f] himself1 z !y _h done1 a    
sacrifice1 9 ord] to m>k 8 gratitude 9  
"s measure1 by ! effusion ( 8 blood1 = !
 goodness ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o v\*saf$ to 
die = our salvation1 ?us ! bett] to     
excite o!rs to love ,him4 ,b he desir$  
to h ! sanction ( ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff =
 ?is und]tak+1 & !re=e b5t 8 /eps to    
,rome1 prea*+ z he w5t ! tru?s (        

salvation1 :i* ,god confirm$ by         
miracles4  ,arriv$ at ,rome1 he s\ght an
 audi5ce ) ! ,pope4 ,innoc5t ,,iii /ill 
fill$ ! ,papal ?rone2 he fir/           
communicat$ to him ! wond]ful ext5sion (
 8 ,ord]1 ! holy lives ( 8 bre?r51 & !  
design :i* ,god _h to br+ ab\t a        
re=mation ( morals 9 ! _w1 :i* 0 gr[+   
old1 & 0 visibly 9 a /ate ( decay4 ,!n  
he disclos$ ! project he _h ( transport+
 himself to ! l&s ( ! ,mahometans &     
,t>t>s1 to endeavor to give !m "s k ( ! 
,gospel4 ,x mu/ be rem>k$1 t ! ,sa9t    
attribut$ to ! _w t decay :i* is !      
effect ( old age1 b he did n ext5d ?is  
to ! ,*ur*1 because he well knew t1     
al?\gh old1 %e 0 n infirm4 ,/4 ,augu/9e 
says1 t h] old age is always "y1 fre%1  
vigor\s1 & t %e be>s fruit 9 abundance4 
,! ,pope1 :o 0 v religi\s1 0 highly     
gratifi$ at ! =tunate success :i* he n[ 
le>nt _h att5d$ ! ,sa9t's labors2 he    
will+ly grant$ ! s]vant ( ,god leave to 
prea* to ! infidels1 & he affectionately
 gave him 8 bless+4  ,two s]mons :i*    

,francis prea*$ at ,rome procur$ him two
 disciples1 ,za*>y & ,william2 ! "o 0 a 
,roman1 ! o!r 0 an ,engli%man4 ,john de 
,capella1 ( :om we h be=e spok51 hav+   
left ! ,ord] ab\t ?is "t1 & hav+ _h a   
simil> end to t ( ,judas1 ,william 0    
sub/itut$ = him1 z ,/4 ,ma?ias _h fill$ 
! place ( ! traitor 9 ! ,apo/olate1 &   
,william 0 aft]w>ds always consid]$ z ! 
twelf? ( ! fir/ companions ( ! ,patri>*4
  ,a ,roman wid[1 v noble & v ri*1 call$
 ,jacquel9e de ,settesoli1 hav+ he>d !  
,sa9t prea*1 0 v anxi\s to h an int]view
 ) him4 ,he agre$ to x1 al?\gh          
reluctantly1 & he gave h] su* salut>y   
in/ructions1 t %e committ$ ! c>e ( all  
h] affairs to h] two sons1 :o 7 aft]w>ds
 s5ators1 9 ord] t %e might apply h]self
 to ! sanctification ( h] s\l1 employ+ !
 gift ( te>s :i* ,god _h giv5 h]1 to    
weep incessantly ! neglects ( h] pa/    
life4 ,?is lady & ,/4 ,cl>e 7 ! only two
 p]sons ( ! female sex ) :om ! s]vant ( 
,jesus ,*ri/ _h any intimate relations  
on ! subject ( _! salvation2 :i* ought  

to s]ve z a caution = ?is sort (        
direction le/ x be too greatly          
multipli$1--& be unholy4  ,z !re is no  
affection m solid or m effective ?an t  
:i* is gr\nd$ on *>ity1 ! pi\s wid[     
r5d]$ to ,francis & 8 bre?r5 all ! good 
(fices 9 h] p[]4 ,:5 !y came to ,rome %e
 provid$ !m ) lodg+s1 %e f$ !m1 clo!d   
!m1 & assi/$ !m 9 _! sicknesses ) !     
t5d]ness ( a "m4 ,x 0 %e :o procur$ = !m
 f ! ,b5$ict9es ( ! ,abbey ( ,/4 ,cosmas
 beyond ! ,tib]1 a refuge 9 ! ,hospital 
( ,/4 ,blaise2 & ?is hospital ) its *ur*
 0 entirely c$$ to !m by ! same religi\s
 ord] 9 ! ye> #abbi1 at ! reque/ ( ,pope
 ,gregory ,,ix2 x is to ?is day !       
,conv5t ( ,/4 ,francis ( ,ripa4 ,?us !  
,fri>s ,m9or are indebt$ to ! *ildr5 (  
,/4 ,b5$ict = ! fir/ e/abli%m5t !y _h 9 
,rome1 z well z = t ( ,/4 ,m>y ( !      
,angels1 or ,portiuncula1 ! fir/ ( !    
:ole ,ord]4  ,francis1 hav+ t]m9at$ 8   
bus9ess at ,rome1 return$ to ,/4 ,m>y ( 
! ,angels1 :]e he communicat$ to 8      
bre?r5 8 int5tion ( proce$+ to !        

,levant4 ,he exhort$ !m 9 ! /ronge/ t]ms
 to p]fect !mselves 9 ! ex]cises ( a    
religi\s life2 he left !m ,pet] (       
,catania z sup]ior dur+ 8 abs5ce1 & set 
out ) "o companion = ,ascoli4 ,at t     
place !y 7 extremely anxi\s to see & he>
 ?is admirable man1 :o 0 ev]y:]e look$  
^u z a sa9t3 he _h sc>cely arriv$ 9 !   
t[n :5 all flock$ to him2 :i*ev] way he 
w5t1 a cr[d foll[$ him2 e "o 0 anxi\s to
 get ne> him1 & !y press$ ^u ea* o!r 9  
ord] only to be able to t\* 8 mis]able  
habit4 ,8 pres5ce & prea*+ 9 ?is t[n    
procur$ him ?irty disciples1 "s prie/s1 
& "s laym51 :om he plac$ 9 diff]5t h\ses
 ( ! ,ord]4  ,! desire ( m>tyrdom :i* he
 aspir$ to f ! infidels1 did n admit ( a
 long] /ay at ,ascoli2 he !re=e made = !
 sea-side1 & emb>k$ on bo>d a vessel :i*
 0 b\nd = ,syria4 ,b on ! passage ! w9ds
 became adv]se1 & !y 7 oblig$ to come to
 an*or (f ,sclavonia1 :]e he rema9$ "s  
days 9 hopes ( f9d+ "s o!r vessel b\nd  
to ! ,levant4 ,n f9d+ any1 & p]ceiv+ t 8
 int5tion _h be5 foil$1 he appli$ to "s 

seam5 :o 7 ab\t to sail to ,ancona1 to  
take him on bo>d _! vessel = ! love (   
,god4 ,!y refus$ ob/9ately to d s1      
because he _h no money :]e) to pay 8    
passage2 not)/&+ ?is1 ! holy man        
contriv$ to slip secretly on bo>d ) 8   
companion4  ,an unkn[n p]son came on    
bo>d ! vessel & br\ght provisions ) him1
 say+ to "o ( ! pass5g]s3 ,wor?y man1 ,i
 confide ^! provisions to y1 = ! use (  
two poor religi\s :o are secret$ 9 !    
vessel2 take c>e ( !m1 & give food to !m
 :5 requir$4 ,:o c\ld ?is *>itable      
purveyor be8 ,!re is reason to ?9k1 )   
,/4 ,bonav5ture1 t he 0 s5t by ,god to !
 assi/ance ( ^! two poor religi\s1 :o 7 
only poor = love ( ,him4 ,/ormy wea!r   
r5d]$ ! passage disa/r\s2 !y c\ld nei!r 
c>ry sail1 nor return to l&4 ,all !     
sailors' provisions 7 exp5d$3 !re 0 no?+
 left b ! provisions put on bo>d = ! two
 religi\s4 ,div9e ,provid5ce 0 pleas$ to
 multiply ^!1 inasmu* t !y suffic$ = all
 :o 7 9 ! vessel = sev]al days1 dur+ :i*
 !y 7 /ill at sea1 be=e !y rea*$        

,ancona4 ,! sailors1 a/oni%$ at ?is     
miracle1 7 conv9c$ t ! poor man :om !y  
_h refus$ to receive on bo>d1 _h1 by 8  
m]its1 sav$ _! lives1 & !y return$ ?anks
 to ,god = ,8 m]cy4  ,aft] hav+ l&$1    
,francis w5t to sev]al places1 spread+ !
 ^w ( ,god z a preci\s se$1 :i* produc$ 
an ample h>ve/4 ,_m came to see him f   
af>1 s greatly _h 8 reputation be5      
dissem9at$4 ,a celebrat$ poet came      
among/ o!rs1 hav+ he>d 8 entire contempt
 = ! ?+s ( ?is _w spok5 (4 ,he 0 ( !    
class ( p]sons :o 7 call$ 9 ,prov5ce    
,tr\bad\rs1 :o inv5t$ fables1 & compos$ 
diff]5t pieces ( poetry1 :i* 7 sung 9 ! 
h\ses ( ! nobles4 ,! art ( v]sify+ 9 !  
vulg> tongue 0 uncommon 9 ^? times1 & 0 
only practis$ by ! nobility4 ,!         
,italians imitat$ ! p ( ,prov5ce1 &     
translat$ into _! language ! be/        
compositions ( ! ,tr\bad\rs4 ,! poet (  
:om we are speak+ excell$ 9 ?is art1 & !
 ,emp]or ,fr$]ic ,,ii _h cr[n$ him z !  
,pr9ce ( ,poets1 :i* caus$ him to be    
usually call$ ,! ,k+ ( ,v]se4  ,com+ !n 

to see ,francis1 he pass$ ?r\gh !       
,bor\gh ,t[n ( ,san ,sev]9o1 & ent]$ !  
*ur* ( a mona/]y1 :]e ! ,s]vant ( ,god 0
 prea*+ on ! my/]y ( ! ,cross4 ,he li/5$
 to him at fir/ )\t kn[+ him2 b ,god    
disclos$ ,francis to him 9 ! c\rse ( !  
s]mon1 by two %9+ swords pi]c$ ?r\gh !  
,sa9t cross-wise1 "o f ! head to ! feet1
 & ! o!r f "o h& to ! o!r ?r\gh ! brea/2
 f ?is he became aw>e t ! prea*] 0 !    
holy man ( :om s mu* 0 spok54 ,! fir/   
impression :i* ! vision made ^u him 01 t
 he ought to lead a bett] life2 b !     
words ( ! prea*] fill$ him ) su*        
compunction1 t he felt z if he _h be5   
pi]c$ by ! sword ( ! _s :i* came out ( 8
 m\?4 ,he w5t aft] ! s]mon to r5\nce 9  
,francis' h&s all ! vanities ( ! _w1 &  
to embrace 8 ,in/itute4 ,francis1 see+  
him pass s p]fectly f ! agitations ( !  
_w to ! peace ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 gave him !
 "n ( ,bro!r ,pacificus4  ,/4           
,bonav5ture adds1 t he 0 a man ( s mu*  
hol9ess t he receiv$ ! additional favor 
f ,god ( see+ on ! =ehead ( 8 ,bless$   

,fa!r a great ,t1 pa9t$ 9 a v>iety (    
colors1 :i* ?rew a rem>kable s(tness on 
8 c\nt5ance4 ,?is lett]1 :i* repres5ts !
 cross1 %[$ ! int]ior comel9ess :i* !   
love ( ! cross gave to 8 s\l4           
,wat*fulness & affection inspir$ ! ,fa!r
 ) ! wi% to return to ,tuscany1 to visit
 ! e/abli%m5ts he _h f\nd$ !re ! prec$+ 
ye>1 & to le>n f 8 own inspection h[ !y 
progress$ 9 ! ways ( ,god4 ,! family ( !
 ,ubald9i1 :i* is among ! mo/ illu/ri\s 
( ,flor5ce1 gave him a conv5t :i* _h be5
 built & f\nd$ by _! ance/ors = !       
religi\s ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,basil1 9 !    
six? or sev5? c5tury1 "s leagues f !    
city1 9 ! middle ( a wood1 & :i* _h be5 
s9ce occupi$ by h]mits4 ,he put "s ( 8  
companions into x1 & return$ t[>ds ! end
 ( ,octob] to ,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels1     
prea*+1 z 0 8 cu/om1 9 all ! places he  
pass$ ?r\gh4 ,! repose he all[$ himself 
aft] s mu* fatigue1 0 t ( apply+ himself
 to ! in/ruction ( 8 disciples1 &       
address+ disc\rses to !m full ( wisdom4 
,at ! end ( ?is ye> he _h an attack (   

ague1 :i* became qu>tan1 & r$uc$ him to 
a great /ate ( languor4 ,! bi%op (      
,assisi1 :o 0 a mo/ *>itable prelate1 & 
8 p>ticul> fri5d1 hav+ he>d ( 8 illness1
 came to see him1 &1 not)/&+ 8          
resi/ance1 _h him remov$ to 8 palace1   
:]e he att5d$ to 8 recov]y ) ! *>ity ( a
 pa/or & ! affection ( a p>5t4 ,8       
religi\s came to him !re to seek ! light
 !y requir$4 ,!y also br\ght to him su* 
po/ulants z pres5t$ !mselves1 & ^? :o 7 
recomm5d$ to him 7at times !re 7 ?irty  
or =ty7 by ! mission>ies he _h 9 v>i\s  
p>ts ( ,italy2 = none 7 !n receiv$ :o _h
 n be5 exam9$ by ! f\nd] himself4 ,a "y 
g5tleman f ,lucca came ) te>s 9 8 eyes1 
to entreat him to give him ! habit4     
,un=tunate "y man1 said ! ,sa9t1 :y d y 
attempt to %[ by y\r eyes :at is n 9 y\r
 he>t8 ,y h1 )\t due consid]ation1 =m$ a
 plan :i* y w soon z lightly give up4 ,9
 fact1 a few days aft] he w5t home ) two
 ( 8 relations :o _h come 9 se>* ( him1 
& he ?\ght no m ( becom+ a religi\s4  ,!
 s]vant ( ,god1 hav+ rega9$ "s portion (

 /r5g? dur+ 8 resid5ce ) ! bi%op1 by    
relax+ 9 ! sev]ity ( 8 ab/95ces1 :i* 7  
extreme1 became irritat$ ) 8 own body1 &
 0 inflam$ ) ! desire ( humbl+ himself3 
,x is n "r1 he said1 t p %\ld ?9k me    
au/]e1 :ile ,i am pamp]$ 9 secret4 ,^u  
:i* ! _s ( humility sugge/$ to him an   
act1 :i* ,/4 ,bonav5ture records1 n z an
 example1 b z a prodigy1 to be comp>$   
only ) ^? extraord9>y ?+s :i* ,god      
comm&$ ! ,prophets to p]=m4 ,he rose1 & 
accompani$ by a great numb] ( 8 bre?r51 
he w5t to ! great ,squ>e ( ,assisi1     
assembl$ ! p1 & l$ !m to ! ca!dral4 ,!n 
he caus$ himself to be dragg$ by ! vic> 
( 8 conv5t f ! *ur* to ! place (        
execution1 /ripp$1 & ) a cord r\nd 8    
neck1 z ! ,prophet ,isaias4 ,!re1 weak z
 he /ill 01 & %iv]+ ) cold1 he address$ 
! assembly ) surpris+ en]gy1 & said 9 a 
l\d voice3 ,i assure t ,i ought n to    
receive honor z if ,i 7 a spiritual man4
 ,i am a c>nal1 s5sual1 & gre$y man1 :om
 y ought ?or\ghly to despise4 ,! he>]s1 
:o knew ! au/]ity ( 8 life1 /ruck ) su* 

a sc5e1 admitt$ t ?is extraord9>y       
humility 0 m to be admir$ ?an imitat$4  
,nev]!less1 ! holy doctor1 :om we h j   
nam$1 f9ds 9 ?is "s :olesome in/ruction4
 ,x tea*es u1 he says1 t1 9 ! practice (
 virtue1 we mu/ avoid ) great c>e ev]y?+
 hav+ any t5d5cy to hypocrisy1 repress !
 slighte/ approa*es ( vanity1 & h a     
sov]eign contempt = praise4 ,! humble   
,francis1 :o /r5u\sly labor$ = 8 int]ior
 sanctification1 did _m ?+s ) a view (  
r5d]+ himself contemptible1 endeavor+1  
above all1 to prev5t m5 f be+ deceiv$ 9 
! idea !y might h =m$ ( 8 sanctity4 ,?is
 is ! *>act]i/ic ( true devotion2 x has 
no borr[$ ext]ior2 x is1 or x endeavors 
to be1 all t x seems4  ,! religi\s :om  
,francis _h s5t into ,lomb>dy1 fulfill$ 
! mission 9 an admirable mann]4 ,!y     
acquir$ s mu* e/eem at ,milan by _!     
prea*+ & by _! good example1 t !        
ar*bi%op ( t city1 ,h5ry ,satalas1 gave 
!m an e/abli%m5t !re1 :i* became        
consid]able lat]1 by ! lib]ality ( !    
,milanese4  ,"o ( ! fruits ( _! apo/olic

 labors 0 ! vocation ( a "y man ( rank1 
:o 0 ri* & tal5t$1 & :o solicit$ ! habit
 ( ! ,ord]4 ,^u _! acqua9t+ him t1 to   
become a ,fri> ,m9or1 x 0 requisite to  
r5\nce all temporal goods1 he imm$iately
 dispos$ ( all ( :i* he 0 !n ma/]1 &    
di/ribut$ ! great] "p to ! poor1 res]v+ 
! rema9d] to pay ! exp5ses ( 8 j\rney to
 ,assisi1 :]e he 0 told t x 0 necess>y  
to pres5t himself to ! f\nd]1 :o alone  
_h ! p[] ( receiv+ novices4  ,he induc$ 
"s ( 8 relations & fri5ds to accompany  
him1 & took ) him a consid]able numb] ( 
s]vants2 "o ( ! religi\s 0 also reque/$ 
to g ) !m1 9 ord] to introduce !        
po/ulant1 & favor 8 reception4 ,:5 !y   
arriv$ at ,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels1         
,francis1 see+ su* a numb] ( p]sons1 &  
su* an appe>ance ( vanity1 ask$ !       
religi\s :o 0 ) !m1 :o ^! lords 71 & :at
 !y want$8 ,he answ]$3 ,my ,fa!r1 ?is is
 a "y man1 le>n$ & ri*1 ( "o ( ! fir/   
families ( ,milan1 :o wi%es to become   
y\r disciple4 ,francis repli$1 be=e !m  
all1 smil+3 ,?is "y man does n seem to  

me to be fit = our ,ord]1 =1 :5 p come )
 s mu* pomp1 :i* is ! m>k ( a pr\d _s1  
to embrace a /ate ( pov]ty1 we are l$ to
 believe t !y h n yet suffici5t contempt
 & av]sion = ! _w1 & t !y are n prep>$  
:olly to rel9qui% x4 ,b ,i w consult our
 bre?r5 on ! subject4  ,he assembl$ !m  
all1 & ask$ _! op9ion1 :i* 0 n to       
receive him1 because he _h /ill a fund (
 pride1 & because ! love = ! spl5dor ( !
 _w 0 n yet eradicat$ f 8 he>t4  ,! "y  
man :o 0 pres5t bur/ into te>s2 &       
,francis1 :o 0 mov$ ) compassion1 said3 
,my bre?r51 w y receive him if he       
cons5ts to s]ve 9 ! kit*58 x w be !     
means ( induc+ him to r5\nce ! vanities 
( ! _w4 ,!y ass5t$ on ?is condition1 :i*
 ! po/ulant will+ly agre$ to1 prote/+ t 
he 0 prep>$ to d any?+ t 0 requir$ (    
him4 ,! ,fa!r embrac$ him1 aft] hav+    
return$ to ^? :o accompani$ him 8 money 
& 8 equipage4 ,he s5t him to ! hospital 
( ,/4 ,blasius ( ,rome1 !re to act z    
cook2 & ! "y novice atta9$ to su*       
p]fection 9 t humble employm5t1 t       

,francis judg$ him wor?y to be plac$ ov]
 o!rs1 & made him sup]ior ( ! same      
place4  ,! l9e adopt$ 9 respect to ?is  
"y man %[s evid5tly1 t = ! religi\s     
pr(ession nei!r bir?1 nor ri*es1 nor    
tal5ts1 are to be he$$1 b t ! ess5tial  
qualifications pr9cipally to be consid]$
 = ?is holy /ate1 are1 to be s9c]ely    
prep>$ to die to ! _w & to self4  ,at ! 
beg9n+ ( ! ye> #abac1 ! fev] ( :i*      
,francis _h be5 cur$ at ! bi%op's palace
 ( ,assisi recurr$2 sometimes x 0       
t]tian1 sometimes qu>tan1 b always )    
great sev]ity4 ,he bore ! suff]+ ) great
 equanimity1 because ( ! hatr$ he felt =
 8 body1 & f ! pati5ce taught by ,jesus 
,*ri/4 ,! viol5ce ( ! fev] :i* burn$ 8  
body1 01 9 8 op9ion1 a less] evil ?an ! 
fire ( temptations :i* inflame ! s\l2 8 
suff]+s appe>$ to him a ga94 ,all !     
sa9ts h _h a l way ( ?9k+1 & ! pr9ciples
 ( ,*ri/ianity admit ( no o!r4 ,! only  
uneas9ess ! sickness gave to ! holy man1
 0 its hav+ prev5t$ him putt+ 9 =ce !   
int5tions he _h 9 view = ! salvation (  

s\ls4 ,b *>ity1 :i* is ev] active1      
sugge/$ to him to exhort ! fai?ful 9    
writ+1 z he c\ld n d s 9 p]son2 he !re=e
 address$ !m a %ort lett]1 c\*$ 9 !     
foll[+ t]ms3--  ,o h[ happy are all ^?  
:o love ,god1 & :o wor?ily practise all 
t ,jesus ,*ri/ has taught 9 ,8 holy     
gospel4 ,?\ %alt love ! ,"l ?y ,god ) ?y
 :ole he>t1 & ) ?y :ole s\l1 & ?y       
neighbor z ?yself4 ,let u love & adore  
,god ) great purity ( m9d & he>t2 = t is
 :at ,he seeks = above all ?+s4 ,he has 
said t ! true ador]s %all adore ! ,fa!r 
9 _s & 9 tru?1 & t !y :o adore ,him1 mu/
 adore ,him 9 _s & tru?4 ,i salute y 9  
our ,"l4  ,?is %ort lett] 0 /ill fre% f 
8 h&1 :5 an inf9ity ( copies 7 made ( x1
 s anxi\s 7 all p to see any?+ t came f 
! h& ( s holy a p]son4 ,9 ?is simple &  
brief exhortation !y admir$ ! c&or ( 8  
s\l & ! ext5t ( 8 *>ity1 &1 9 read+ x1  
!y 7 mov$ by a p[] :i* p5etrat$ ! s\l2 =
 ! words ( ! sa9ts h a secret unction   
:i* is n f\nd else:]e4  ,^! spiritual   
s]vices1 & o!rs :i* ,francis r5d]$ to 8 

neighbor1 ) ! cont9ual in/ruction he    
gave to 8 bre?r51 7 8 occupations dur+ 8
 sickness1 & until su* "t z return+     
heal? p]mitt$ him to d m4 ,he 0 some:at 
bett] 9 ! spr+1 z is usually ! case ) ^?
 :o h ! qu>tan ague2 b 8 extraord9>y    
au/]ities _h s weak5$ 8 con/itution1 t  
he nev] :olly recov]$ 8 heal?1 & !      
rema9d] ( 8 life 0 little else ?an a    
/ate ( languor4  ,z soon z he c\ld      
comm5ce travell+1 he committ$ ! c>e ( 8 
,ord] to ,pet] ( ,cantania1 & set out ) 
,b]n>d ( ,qu9tavalle & "s o!rs1 9 ord]  
to g to ,morocco1 ?r\gh ,spa91 to prea* 
! ,gospel to ! ,miramol9 & to 8         
subjects1 9 ! hopes ( atta9+ by ?is     
means ! cr[n ( m>tyrdom1 :i* 0 ! great  
object ( 8 wi%es4  ,! s]vant ( ,god did 
n rea* ,spa9 till ne> ! end ( ! ye>1    
because he _h /opp$ 9 v>i\s places to   
prea*1 to visit ! h\ses ( 8 ,ord]1 & to 
receive acc\nts ( o!rs4 ,8 :ole r\te 0 a
 succession ( miracles1 & o!r rem>kable 
?+s1 :i* conta9 admirable in/ructions4  
,at ,foligno1 ! sign ( ! cross :i* he   

made on ! h\se ( 8 ho/1 protect$ x f    
v>i\s accid5ts1 & p>ticul>ly f fire1 :i*
 did no damage to t dwell+1 al?\gh !    
adjo9+ h\ses 7 ?ree or f\r times on     
fire3 ! flames 7 ev5 se5 to take a      
contr>y direction4 ,at ,spoleto1 kn[+ t 
a ri* man ?\ght ill ( 8 ,in/itute1 &    
refus$ 8 bre?r5 alms1 he ask$ him only  
to give him a loaf2 &1 hav+ receiv$ x1  
he divid$ x among 8 religi\s1 & direct$ 
!m to say ! ,"l's ,pray] & !            
,evangelical ,salutation ?ree times1 = !
 p]son :o _h giv5 x4 ,_! scanty meal 0  
sc>cely f9i%$1 :5 ?is man came to ask   
=giv5ess = ! h>%ness he _h %[n !m1 & he 
01 aft] t1 ! be/ fri5d ( _! conv5t1 s   
good an idea ( _! ,in/itution _h ! sa9t 
impress$ ^u him4  ,at ,t]ni1 ! bi%op :o 
_h li/5$ to "o ( ,francis' s]mons1      
asc5d$ ! pulpit :5 he _h done1 & said to
 ! p3--,my bre?r51 ! ,"l1 :o has (t5    
enlight5$ ,8 ,*ur* by m5 illu/ri\s = _! 
sci5ce1 has n[ s5t y ?is ,francis :om y 
h j he>d1 a poor illit]ate man1 &       
contemptible 9 appe>ance1 9 ord] t he   

may edify y by 8 ^w & 8 example4 ,! less
 le>n$ he is1 ! m does ! p[] ( ,god %9e 
9 8 p]son1 :o *ooses ^? :o are fooli%   
accord+ to ! views ( ! _w1 to conf\nd   
all worldly wisdom4 ,! c>e :i* ,god     
takes ( our salvation obliges u to honor
 & glorify ,him2 = ,he has n done ! l to
 o!r nations4  ,francis foll[$ !        
prelate1 fell on 8 knees1 kiss$ 8 h&1 & 
said3--,my "l1 9 v tru?1 no "o has ev]  
done me s mu* honor z ,i h ?is day      
receiv$ f y4 ,"s attribute to me a sort 
( sanctity1 :i* n[ay belongs to me1 &   
:i* ought to be ref]r$ to ,god alone1 ! 
au?or ( e p]fect gift4 ,b y1 my "l1 h   
wisely sep>at$ :at is valuable f :at is 
vile1 ! wor?y f ! unwor?y1 ! sa9t f !   
s9n]2 giv+ ! glory to ,god1 & n to me1  
:o am b a mis]able mortal4 ,x is1 inde$1
 only to ,god1 ! ,k+ ( ,ages1 immortal &
 invisible1 t m5 %\ld give honor & glory
 = ev] & ev]4 ,! bi%op1 ev5 m pleas$ )  
?is specim5 ( 8 humility ?an ) 8 prea*+1
 embrac$ him affectionately4  ,9 ! same 
city1 by ! sign ( ! cross he r5d]$ "s   

s\r w9e p]fectly good1 & t be=e p]sons  
:o _h ta/$ x 9 its acid /ate4 ,b he     
p]=m$ a mu* great] miracle1 :i* 0       
univ]sally admir$1 on a "y lad :o _h be5
 j cru%$ by ! fall ( a wall2 hav+ _h him
 br\ght to him1 he appli$ himself to    
pray]1 &1 ext5d+ himself on ! corpse1 z 
! ,prophet ,eliseus _h done on ! *ild ( 
! ,sunamite1 he re/or$ him to life4  ,9 
! ,c\nty ( ,n>ni1 he 0 lodg$ 9 ! h\se ( 
a wor?y man :o 0 9 great affliction = ! 
dea? ( 8 bro!r1 :o _h be5 dr[n$1 & ^:   
body c\ld n be f\nd1 s t x might be     
buri$4 ,aft] hav+ privately pray$ = "s  
"t1 he %[$ a spot 9 ! riv] :]e he said t
 ! body c]ta9ly 0 at ! bottom2 x _h be5 
/opp$ !re by ! entanglem5t ( ! clo!s4   
,!y div$ at t place & f\nd ! body1 :i*  
he re/or$ to life 9 ! pres5ce ( ! :ole  
family4  ,! fev]1 & a sev]e /oma*       
compla9t1 caus$ him to fa9t 9 a h]mitage
 :i* _h be5 giv5 him ne> ! ,bor\gh ( ,/4
 ,urban1 & he ask$ = "s w9e to recov] f 
! weakness :i* _h ensu$4 ,z !re 0 none  
to be _h !re1 he _h "s wat] br\ght to   

him1 :i* he bless$1 by mak+ ! sign ( !  
cross ov] x1 & x 0 in/antly *ang$ !reby 
into excell5t w9e4 ,! little t he took (
 x r5ovat$ him s promptly1 t x 0 a d\ble
 miracle4 ,^u :i* ,/4 ,bonav5ture       
rem>ks1 t ?is wond]ful *ange is a type (
 ! *ange he _h effect$ 9 8 he>t1 9 ca/+ 
(f ! old man to put on ! new4  ,9 !     
,city ( ,n>ni1 he cur$ a man :o _h lo/ !
 use ( 8 limbs = five mon?s f palsy1    
employ+ no o!r rem$y ?an a sign ( !     
cross1 :i* he made ov] 8 :ole body2 ?is 
he did at ! reque/ ( ! bi%op ( ! place1 
& by virtue ( ! same sign he re/or$ !   
sight ( a bl9d girl4 ,be+ at ,orti1 he  
/raight5$ a *ild1 :o 0 s de=m$ t its    
head t\*$ its feet4 ,at ,san ,gem9i1 he 
pray$1 ) ?ree ( 8 companions1 = ! wife (
 8 ho/1 :om ! devil _h possess$ = a long
 :ile1 & ! evil _s left h]4 ,su* evid5t 
miracles1 publicly p]=m$1 & 9 great     
numb]s1 gave a wond]ful spl5dor to 8    
sanctity4 ,9 ! ar*ives ( ! ,t[n (       
,poggibonsi1 9 ,tuscany1 ! act (        
donation ( a h\se giv5 to him is        

pres]v$1 :i* comm5ces ?us3--,we c$e to a
 man nam$ ,francis1 :om all ! _w        
consid]s z a sa9t1 etc4  ,! disc\rses ( 
s holy a man1 ( "o s gift$ ) ! p[] (    
miracles1 _h ! greate/ effect ^u ! he>ts
 ( 8 he>]s1 & made ! p v anxi\s to h    
h\ses ( 8 ,ord] e/abli%$ among !m4 ,he  
settl$ "s ( 8 religi\s at ,foligno1 at  
,trevi1 at ,san ,gem9i1 at ,si5na1 & 9  
sev]al o!r places4  ,fre% disciples jo9$
 him f all qu>t]s1 b he did n receive   
any until he _h /rictly exam9$ _!       
vocation4 ,a "y g5tleman1 hav+ he>d him 
prea* at ,monte ,casale1 a t[n 9 !      
,app5n9es1 came to acqua9t him ) !      
design he _h long =m$ ( ent]+ 8 ,ord]4  
,y mu/ ?9k s]i\sly ( x1 repli$ ,francis2
 = ! k9d ( life we lead mu/ appe> v h>d 
to ^? :o h be5 t5d]ly br\ght up4 ,! "y  
man answ]$ c\rage\sly3 ,my ,fa!r1 are n 
y & y\rs ( ! same nature z ,i am1 & =m$ 
( ! same e>?8 ,i hope1 ) ,god's help1 to
 be> )\t mu* inconv5i5ce :at my fell[-m5
 c be> s will+ly4 ,^! ideas 7 v pleas+  
to ! ,patri>*1 & ! po/ulant 0 receiv$4  

,x mu/ be admitt$ t man has res\rces (  
/r5g? :i* he might make use ( to imitate
 ! sa9ts 9 _m ?+s1 if he 7 n want+ 9    
ex]tion & confid5ce 9 ,god4  ,f ,monte  
,casale ,francis pass$ ov] ! ,app5n9es1 
& w5t ?r\gh ! ,valley ( ,m>ec*ia to rea*
 ,monte ,feltro1 or ,/4 ,leo4 ,he le>nt 
on ! road t ! "l ( t t[n 0 ab\t to be   
knight$ at 8 ca/le1 :]e he 0 giv+ a gr& 
fea/1 accompani$ by games & !atricals1  
to a num]\s assembly ( ! nobility1 among
 :om 0 ,c\nt ,orl&o ,catanio1 "l (      
,*iusi ,nuovo1 & ( all ! ,cas5t9o4 ,be+ 
ne> ! ca/le1 & he>+ ! s\nd ( ! trumpets1
 :i* d5ot$ t ! revelry 0 ab\t to beg91  
he said to 8 companions3--,let u g hi!r 
also1 & let u combat ! devil ) all our  
might1 :o nev] fails 9 ^! rejoic+s to   
lay 8 sn>es into :i* _m fall2 = x is our
 duty to labor ev]y:]e & 9 all places = 
! salvation ( s\ls4 ,he w5t up to !     
ca/le1 & he>d ! solemn mass ) all ^? :o 
accompani$ ! new knight4 ,z soon z x 0  
ov]1 he took a position on a height ne> 
! *ur*1 9 ord] to prea* f !nce1 & ! cr[d

 ga!r$ r\nd him to li/54  ,he took !    
foll[+ ,italian words = 8 text3--,tanto 
e il b5 *e aspetto1 *e d'ogni p5a mi    
diletto3 :i* means--! good :i* ,i hope =
 is s great1 t to obta9 x all suff]+ is 
pleasurable4 ,he prov$ 8 text by ?is    
passage f ,/4 ,paul3--,! suff]+s ( ?is  
life are n wor?y to be comp>$ ) ! glory 
to come2 by ! example ( ! apo/les1 :o 7 
fill$ ) joy = hav+ be5 f\nd wor?y to    
suff] = ! "n ( ,jesus2 by ! example ( ! 
m>tyrs1 :o will+ly expos$ !mselves to   
torm5ts & dea?1 t !y might obta9 heav52 
&1 f9ally by su* cog5t reasons1 s       
pa!tically set =?1 t all ! auditors     
admir$ ! doctr9e1 & felt :at he wi%$ to 
inspire !m )4 ,!y f\nd 9 ! prea*] some?+
 div9e1 :i* comm&$ respect1 & !y fix$ _!
 looks ^u 8 c\nt5ance z if x _h be5 t ( 
an angel4  ,c\nt ,orl&o1 m impress$ )   
:at he _h he>d ?an ! re/1 w5t aft] !    
s]mon to embrace ! prea*]1 & he entreat$
 him p>ticul>ly to in/ruct him 9 !      
affairs ( 8 salvation4 ,francis1 :o1 9  
addition to 8 ard5t zeal1 _h mu*        

discretion & suavity ( mann]1           
said3--,c\nt1 g n[ & d honor to y\r     
fri5ds :om y h invit$1 & we w talk ( ?is
 affair at a m conv5i5t "t4 ,! c\nt1    
comply+ ) ?is advice1 jo9$ ! nobility :o
 wait$ = him1 & did n =get to take c>e (
 ! s]vants ( ,god4 ,! fea/ hav+ end$1 he
 return$ to ! prud5t director1 ) :om he 
_h a l5g!n$ conv]sation1 ) :i* he 0 s   
mu* /ruck1 t 9 ord] to h ! com=t ( see+ 
famili>ly ! religi\s ( ! ,in/itute1 he  
(f]$ ,francis ! ,m\nta9 ( ,alv]nia1 ) a 
promise1 if he agre$ to x1 ( build+ !re 
a conv5t4  ,z ?is 0 a lonely place1 v   
fit = contemplation1 ,francis gladly    
accept$ ! (f]1 & promis$ to s5d two ( 8 
bre?r5 to ,*iusi1 be=e he %\ld leave    
,italy4 ,he did 9 fact s5d !m1 & ! c\nt 
hav+ receiv$ !m z angels s5t f heav51 he
 took !m to ,m\nt ,alv]nia1 :]e !y fix$ 
^u a spot :i* appe>$ to !m an apt       
location = a *ur*4 ,fifty soldi]s :o _h 
be5 br\ght ?i!r began imm$iately to fell
 timb]1 & a place 0 cle>$1 :]e hutt+ 0  
set up to lodge ! religi\s1 9 :i* !y    

dwelt until ! *ur* & conv5t 7 built4 ,^!
 are ! circum/ances "u :i* ! ,fri>s     
,m9or 7 settl$ on ?is m\nta91 :i*       
subsequ5tly became s celebrat$ 9 !      
,*ri/ian _w by ! /igmata ( ,/4 ,francis4
 ,! place 0 c$$ to !m by an au!ntic     
docum5t :i* ! c\nt gave !m1 & :i* is    
pres]v$ 9 ! orig9al 9 ! ar*ives ( !     
conv5t4 ,we %all speak fur!r ( ?is holy 
place :5 we come to relate ! fir/ visit 
! ,sa9t paid x on 8 return f ,spa94  ,he
 cont9u$ 8 j\rney ?r\gh ,bologna1 f     
:5ce1 aft] hav+ visit$ 8 bre?r51 he came
 to ,imola4 ,he fir/ w5t to (f] 8       
respects to ! bi%op1 & ask$ p]mission to
 prea* to 8 p4 ,i prea*1 repli$ ! bi%op 
coldly1 & t is q en\gh4 ,francis b[$    
humbly1 & retir$2 b an h\r aft]w>ds he  
return$1 & ! bi%op1 surpris$ & ang]$ at 
see+ him aga91 ask$ him :at he c\ld     
possibly want8 to :i* he repli$1 9 a    
tone ( s9c]e humility3 ,my "l1 if a fa!r
 drives 8 son out ( ! h\se by "o door1 x
 is "r t ! son %\ld return ?r\gh ano!r4 
,! bi%op mollifi$ by ?is mild address1  

embrac$ him ) affection1 & said3 ,f     
h5ce=? y & y\r bre?r5 may prea* 9 my    
diocese4 ,i give y a g5]al leave1 x is  
:at y\r humility has m]it$4 ,is !re     
any?+ :i* c s(t5 m9ds & obta9 favors    
soon] ?an ?is virtue8  ,! humility (    
,francis 0 accompani$ ) great c\rage1   
:i* r5d]$ him firm & confid5t 9 ! mo/   
imm95t dang]s1 ?is 0 ow+ to ! great     
confid5ce he _h 9 ,god4 ,night ov]took  
him once :5 he 0 9 company ) ,leo1      
betwe5 ,lomb>dy & ! ,trevisan ,m>%es1 on
 a road hav+ on "o side ! ,po1 "o ( !   
mo/ consid]able riv]s 9 ,italy1 & on !  
o!r a deep morass4 ,leo1 mu* al>m$1     
exclaim$3 ,fa!r1 pray to ,god to deliv] 
u f ! dang] we are 94 ,francis1 full (  
fai?1 repli$3 ,god c1 if x is ,8 good   
pleasure1 give u light to dissipate !   
d>kness ( ! night4 ,^! words 7 h>dly    
spok51 :5 !y f\nd !mselves surr\nd$ by a
 brilliant light1 :i* n only made ! way 
cle> to !m1 b enabl$ !m to see _m ?+s on
 ei!r side ( ! way1 al?\gh ! d>kness 0 v
 d5se ev]y:]e else4 ,!y pursu$ _! r\te1 

s++ ! glories ( ,god2 ! cele/ial tor*   
s]v$ !m z a guide till !y rea*$ ! place 
:]e !y 7 to be lodg$1 :i* 0 !n v f> (f4 
,?is miracul\s light 0 a notification to
 ! ,sa9t t x 0 ,god's pleasure t he %\ld
 h a dwell+ 9 ! place to :i* ,8 goodness
 _h l$ him1 & he told ?is to 8          
companion4 ,! inhabitants made no       
difficulty 9 assign+ him "o1 aft] hav+  
he>d him prea*1 & he gave ! conv5t ! "n 
( ,! ,holy ,fire1 z x is /ill call$4  ,9
 ,pi$mont1 :]e he 0 well receiv$1 8     
prea*+1 ) ! reputation ( 8 sanctity1    
confirm$ by _m miracles1 conv]t$ a      
consid]able numb] ( p]sons1 & procur$   
him sev]al h\ses4 ,f !nce he w5t into   
,spa91 b ! writ]s ( 8 life h n record$  
by :at r\te4 ,n[1 x is sc>cely to be    
d\bt$ t he w5t by l&1 & ?r\gh ,france2  
anci5t docum5ts %[ t he ent]$ ,spa9     
?r\gh ,nav>re1 & t he arriv$ 9 ! ye>    
#abac at ,logrono1 a ,t[n ( ,old        
,ca/ile1 :i* _h =m]ly belong$ to        
,biscay4  ,on ! road he came up ) a poor
 & ab&on$ invalid1 = :om he felt s mu*  

pity t he direct$ ,b]n>d de ,qu9tavalle1
 "o ( 8 companions1 to /ay ) him & take 
c>e ( him1 :i* ,b]n>d will+ly und]took  
to d4 ,at ,logrono he miracul\sly cur$ a
 "y g5tleman :o 0 on ! po9t ( dea?2 !n  
he w5t on to ,burgos1 :]e ,alphonso     
,,ix41 7or ,,viii41 accord+ to "s17 fa!r
 ( ,blan*e ,que5 ( ,france & "m ( ,/4   
,l\is1 !n 04 ,francis pres5t$ himself   
be=e ! k+1 he %[$ him ! rules ( 8       
,in/itute1 & entreat$ him to receive !  
,fri>s ,m9or into 8 /ates4 ,?is mon>*1  
:o1 9 addition to 8 political & milit>y 
tal5ts1 _h a great fund ( goodness &    
piety1 receiv$ ! holy man v favorably2  
he condesc5d$ to read ! rules1 & aft]   
hav+ conv]s$ ) him = "s "t1 gave him    
leave to build h\ses 9 ,spa94  ,francis 
n[ fix$ 8 ?\ghts only on advanc+ t[>ds !
 sea-side 9 ord] to emb>k = ,morocco1   
!re to suff] m>tyrdom1 = ?is 0 ! great  
object ( 8 wi%es4 ,if we only =m$ our   
op9ion ( ?+s by ! ord9>y rules (        
prud5ce1 we %\ld be surpris$1 t a man1  
visibly s5t by ,god = ! in/itution ( a  

new ord] ( religi\s1 %\ld leave x s %ort
 a "t aft] its bir?1 to seek = dea?     
among ! infidels4 ,b ! sa9ts only ?\ght 
( foll[+ ! impulses :i* ! ,_s ( ,god    
sugge/$ to !m1 ) ref]5ce to ! works :i* 
!y _h comm5c$ by ,god's ord]4 ,/4       
,an?ony1 fa!r ( a great numb] (         
,c5obites1 left 8 mona/]y1 & foll[$ at  
,alex&ria c]ta9 confessors ( ! fai?2 he 
att5d$ ^u !m 9 prison1 & exhort$ !m "u  
torm5t to procure = himself ! palm (    
m>tyrdom4 ,/4 ,dom9ic1 animat$ by a     
simil> _s1 _h =m$ ! int5tion ( go+ among
 ! ,s>ac5s1 only two ye>s aft] !        
in/itution ( 8 ord]4 ,francis1 ?us      
inspir$ f above1 desir$ to meet dea? =  
,jesus ,*ri/1 & left to ,god ! c>e ( 8  
ris+ family4  ,?is disposition1 :i* 0 ! 
fruit ( ard5t *>ity1 0 v pleas+ to ,god2
 x ent]$ into ! economy ( ,8 provid5ce =
 ! salvation ( s\ls & = ! aggr&izem5t ( 
! new ,ord]1 = ! ,sa9t did n cease 8    
labors :5 he took ! r\te :i* 0 to lead  
to m>tyrdom4 ,nev]!less1 ,god did n     
*oose t 8 design %\ld be c>ri$ into     

execution2 & ,8 w 0 made kn[n to ,8     
,s]vant by a viol5t illness1 :i* put x  
out ( 8 p[] to emb>k = ,morocco4        
,francis gave up 8 wi%es1 obey+ :at 0   
?us signifi$ to him4 & came to !        
resolution to return to ,italy = !      
guidance ( 8 flock1 h[ev]1 he did n set 
out till ! close ( ! ye>4  ,! au?ors ( !
 ,ord] are agre$ 9 say+ t he w5t to     
visit ! tomb ( ! ,apo/le ,/4 ,james1 at 
,compo/ella1 ! capital ( ,galicia1 to   
:i* place devotion has attract$1 = _m   
c5turies pa/1 cr[ds ( pilgrims1 & t an  
angel appe>$ to him !re1 & assur$ him t 
x 0 ,god's w t he %\ld return to ,italy1
 aft] hav+ f\nd$ "s e/abli%m5ts 9 ,spa94
 ,!y also say t he w5t into ,portugal1  
:]e he rais$ to life ! daught] ( 8 ho/  
at ,guim>a5s1 a t[n ( ! diocese (       
,braganza1 :i* caus$ him to be spok5 ( z
 a sa9t ?r\gh\t ! :ole c\ntry2 & t he   
w5t ?r\gh ne>ly ! :ole ( ! ,k+dom (     
,arragon & ! adjac5t prov9ces2 &1       
f9ally1 !y relate ! foll[+ mo/          
extraord9>y circum/ance3  ,francis be+  

"o ev5+ on ! banks ( ! ,riv] ,orbego1 ) 
8 companions1 :]e !re 0 no food1 a "y   
man ( ! ,t[n ( ,novia ov]took !m1 &     
c>ri$ !m ov] on "s horses he _h ) him1 &
 receiv$ !m hospitably4 ,! gratitude !  
,sa9t _h 0 %[n by say+3 ,may ! ,"l rew>d
 y = ! k9dness y h %[n u1 :5 ,he rew>ds 
! j4 ,"s %ort "t aft] ?is1 ! "y man1    
hav+ gone to ,rome out ( devotion1 &    
hav+ endeavor$ to put 8 consci5ce 9 a   
good /ate1 pray$ f]v5tly to ,god1 to    
take him out ( ?is _w be=e he %\ld      
commit a mortal s94 ,8 pray] 0 he>d2 he 
di$4 ,8 fa!r desir$ to h a fun]al s]vice
 said = him1 & ?irty ,fri>s ,m9or att5d$
 to x )\t hav+ be5 ask$2 none knew f    
:5ce !y came1 nor :i!r !y aft]w>ds w5t1 
:i* made x ?\ght t ! assi/ance 0        
miracul\s2 & z x 0 kn[n :at ! holy man  
,francis _h said to ! deceas$1 x 0      
und]/ood t he _h1 by ?is means1 procur$ 
! rew>d ( ! j = him ^: hospitality he _h
 receiv$4  ,gonzagues1 ,bi%op ( ,mantua1
 :o _h be5 ,g5]al ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4       
,francis1 says1 t x is held z c]ta9 t   

,/4 ,francis comm5c$ ! e/abli%m5ts (    
,ga/a1 ,arevalo1 ,avila1 ,madrid1       
,tudela1 & caus$ sev]al o!r conv5ts to  
be built4 ,x is easily und]/ood t 9 !   
eight or n9e mon?s 9 :i* he rema9$ 9    
,spa9 aft] 8 illness1 he arrang$ mu* by 
himself & by 8 companions2 ! old        
inscriptions :i* are /ill se5 on ! tombs
 ( _m ,m9ors are an additional pro(4    
,moreov]1 x is c]ta9 t 8 holy life & 8  
prea*+ 7 ( ! greate/ b5efit to s\ls1 & t
 8 ,ord] 0 receiv$ 9 ,spa9 ) an         
affection :i* has pass$ f age to age1 f 
fa!rs to sons2 s t ,spa9 is "o ( !      
c\ntries ( ! _w 9 :i* we f9d ! greate/  
v5]ation = ,/4 ,francis1 & ! greate/    
consid]ation = ! ,ord] ( ,fri>s ,m9or4  
,! same bi%op tells u1 on ! te/imony (  
univ]sal & unv>i$ tradition1 ( _m       
miracles p]=m$ by ! ,almighty1 ?r\gh !  
m9i/ry ( ! holy man4 ,we %all satisfy   
ourselves by relat+ "o ( !m1 :i* is     
w>rant$ by manuscripts & docum5ts4      
,francis 0 lodg$ at ,compo/ella1 at !   
h\se ( a poor deal] 9 *>coal1 ^: "n 0   

,cotolai1 & he (t5 w5t to pass ! night 9
 contemplation on a neighbor+ m\nta94   
,god made kn[n to him1 t x 0 ,8 w t he  
%\ld build a conv5t betwe5 two valleys1 
! "o ( :i* 0 commonly call$ ! ,valley ( 
,god1 & ! o!r ! ,valley ( ,hell4 ,he    
knew t ?is gr\nd belong$ to ! ,b5$ict9es
 ( ,compo/ella1 ( ! ,abbey ( ,/4 ,pay1  
or ,pelagius1 s9ce transf]r$ to t ( ,/4 
,m>t92 &1 be>+ 9 m9d ! favors :i* !     
religi\s ( ?is holy ord] _h done him 9 !
 gifts ( ,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels1 & at     
,rome1 he call$ ^u ! ,abbot & ask$      
unhesitat+ly = p]mission to build a     
conv5t betwe5 ! two valleys4 ,:at w y   
give me 9 paym5t8 said ! abbot4 ,francis
 repli$3 ,z ,i am v poor1 ,i h nei!r    
money1 nor any?+ else to give y1 if y   
grant me :at ,i ask4 ,yet :at w be mo/  
preci\s to me1 ,i w give y 9 quit r5t   
ye>ly--a small basket ( fi% if !y c be  
caught 9 ! riv]4 ,! abbot :o 0 a v pi\s 
man1 admir+ 8 simplicity & 8 confid5ce1 
grant$ him 8 reque/ on ! condition      
propos$1 & an act to t effect 0 prep>$ &

 sign$ by bo?4  ,! holy man came to     
,cotolai & told him :at _h pass$ betwe5 
! ,abbot ( ,/4 ,pay & himself1 & add$3  
,my de> ho/1 x is ,god's w t y %\ld     
build ?is conv5t2 !re=e prep>e y\rself =
 ! "w4 ,oh1 h[ %all ,i be able to d t1  
answ]$ ,cotolai1 ,i :o am s poor1 & :o  
live by my daily labor8 ,take c\rage1   
said ,francis1 take a pickaxe1 & g to ! 
spr+ :i* is close by2 make a hole a     
little 9 front ( x1 & y w f9d a treasure
 :i* w enable y to execute ! ord] (     
,heav54 ,cotolai1 rely+ on ! ,sa9t's ^w1
 se>*$ z he 0 bidd51 f\nd ! treasure1 & 
built ! conv5t1 :i* is kn[n by ! "n (   
,/4 ,francis to ?is day4 ,?is fact is   
n>rat$ 9 an au!ntic manuscript 9 !      
ar*ives ( ! ,abbey ( ,/4 ,m>t91 f :5ce  
?is is copi$2 & 9 two v old             
inscriptions1 "o ( :i* is on ! tomb (   
,cotolai & 8 wife1 ^: "n 0 ,m>y de      
,bicos1 & ! o!r ov] ! gate ( ! *ur* ( ! 
conv5t 9 :i* _! tomb is4 ,! de$ :i* 0   
execut$ by ,francis & ! ,abbot ( ,/4    
,pay1 is pres]v$ 9 ! orig9al 9 ! ar*ives

 ( ! ,abbey ( ,/4 ,m>t9 ( ,compo/ella4  
,! ,pr9ce ( ,spa91 ,philip ! ,second1   
saw x 9 ! ye> #aeed1 :5 he 0 ab\t to    
emb>k at ,corunna1 to esp\se ! ,que5 (  
,engl&4 ,h[ev]1 ! m>vel has no?+ 9 x :i*
 %\ld be ! cause ( mu* surprise3 our    
,savi\r1 :o made ,/4 ,pet] f9d 9 ! m\? (
 a fi% :]e)al to pay ! tribute = 8 ,ma/]
 & himself1 c\ld easily cause a treasure
 ( money to be f\nd suffici5t to build a
 h\se = 8 fai?ful ,s]vant ,francis4  ,:5
 ! ,apo/olical man _h t]m9at$ 8 mission 
9 ,spa91 he w5t to rejo9 ,b]n>d de      
,qu9tavalle1 :om he _h left on ent]+ x1 
9 *>ge ( ! poor sick man1 :o 0 p]fectly 
cur$4 ,francis came ?r\gh ,aragon into  
,catalonia4 ,! magi/rates ( ,b>celona1  
:]e he /opp$ = a %ort "t1 7 s pleas$ ) 8
 pov]ty1 8 humility1 & 8 o!r virtues1 t1
 = ! sake ( hav+ "s religi\s ( 8 ,ord]1 
!y conv]t$ ! hospital :]e he 0 lodg$    
into a conv5t1 ! *ur* & cloi/] ( :i* are
 /ill extant1 & are v5]able f !         
remembrance ( ! ,sa9t4  ,at ,san        
,saloni1 a small t[n betwe5 ,b>celona & 

,g]ona1 an adv5ture occurr$ to him :i*  
seem$ purely accid5tal1 b :i* ,god turn$
 to good4 ,z he walk$ by ! side ( a     
v9ey>d1 8 companion ga!r$ a bun* or two 
( grapes to refre% himself4 ,he :o _h   
*>ge ( ! v9ey>d1 p]ceiv+ x1 came        
viol5tly ^u ! religi\s1 beat him & abus$
 him 9 no measur$ t]ms1 & took f him 8  
poor cloak4 ,francis ask$ to h ! cloak  
back1 alleg+ mildly1 t :at _h be5 tak5  
_h done no injury to ! v9ey>d2 & t good 
feel+ requir$ t ?is assi/ance %\ld be   
giv5 to a pass]-by :o ne$$ x4 ,b1 n hav+
 succe$$ 9 procur+ its re/oration1 he   
w5t to ! proprietor ( ! v9ey>d1 f :om he
 _h no difficulty 9 gett+ x back1 aft]  
hav+ told him :at _h happ5$4 ,he !n     
conv]s$ ) him on heav5ly ?+s ) su*      
effect1 t ! man1 devot+ himself f t     
mom5t to 8 s]vice1 promis$ to receive   
hospitably all ! ,fri>s ,m9or :o %\ld   
pass ?r\gh ,san ,saloni1 & furni% !m )  
:atsoev] !y might require1 z f> z 8     
means w\ld all[2 :i* he nev] fail$ to d 
z long z he liv$4 ,francis1 9 return1   

grant$ him p>ticipation 9 all !         
spiritual m]its ( 8 ,ord]1 & gave him ! 
"n ( ,fa!r ( ! ,fri>s ,m9or4  ,x is f   
?is prec$5t t ! sup]iors ( ! ,ord] give 
lett]s ( filiation1 z !y are call$1 9   
virtue ( :i* ! hold]s p>ticipate 9 !    
m]its ( all ! practices ( ! community4  
,?is is gr\nd$ on ! communion ( sa9ts1  
"o ( ! articles ( ! apo/olic symbol by  
:i* ea* memb] ( ! fai?ful :o is n       
excommunicat$1 & pr9cipally if he be 9 a
 /ate ( grace1 p>ticipates 9 ! good     
works ( o!rs4 ,besides ?is g5]al        
communication1 ! fai?ful may assi/ ea*  
o!r by _! pray]s1 & _! own m]its1 z is  
done 9 confrat]nities & all pi\s        
associations4 ,?is is ! way 9 :i* !     
,ord] ( ,/4 ,francis1 & all o!r religi\s
 ord]s1 manife/ _! gratitude to _!      
b5efactors2 9 ?is !y d t :i* ,/4        
,augu/9e says ( ! m9i/]s ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 
9 reg>d to ! fai?ful :o support !m2 ,!y 
give spiritual ?+s1 & only receive      
temporal ones2 !y give gold1 & only     
receive brass4 ,^? :o "k :at ! communion

 ( sa9ts is1 & :o neglect no?+ :i* c    
contribute to _! salvation1 h great     
e/eem 7z1 inde$1 !y ought7 = lett]s (   
filiation1 & /rive to live 9 a          
,*ri/ian-l mann] 9 ord] to pr(it by !m4 
,f ,catalonia1 ,francis cont9u$ 8 r\te  
?r\gh ,r\ssillon1 & x is believ$ t he   
plac$ "s ( 8 religi\s at ,p]pignan1 !   
capital4 ,he !n ent]$ ,langu$oc1 :i* !  
errors & arms ( ! ,albig5ses _h alike   
t5d$ to desolate4 ,! ,ca?olics at t "t  
enjoy$ "s calm by ! valor ( ! illu/ri\s 
,simon1 ,c\nt ( ,mont=t1 :o _h j ov]?r[n
 ! h]etics1 pr9cipally by ! celebrat$   
victory obta9$1 at ,muret1 ov] ,pet]1   
,k+ ( ,aragon1 :om ill-und]/ood int]e/s 
_h made protector ( ! ,albig5ses1 to !  
detrim5t ( religion1 & :o 0 kill$ 9 t   
battle4 ,! sa9tly travell] did n make   
any /ay 9 ,langu$oc2 p]haps because x 0 
! field de/9$ by ,provid5ce to be       
cultivat$ by ,/4 ,dom9ic1 ^: prea*+ &   
miracles _h made an inf9ity (           
conv]sions1 & :o 0 !n at ,c>cassonne1   
:]e he gave ! nuptial b5$iction to !    

m>riage ( ,amaury de ,mont=t1 ! son (   
,simon1 ) ! ,pr9cess ,beatrice1 !       
daught] ( ! ,dauph91 ,c\nt ( ,vi5nois4  
,francis arriv$ at ,montpelli] at ! "t  
:5 !y 7 ab\t to op5 ! c\ncil1 at :i*    
,simon ( ,mont=t 0 load$ ) praises1 &   
*os5 to be possessor ( ! ,city (        
,t\l\se1 & ! o!r conque/s ( ! ,crusad]s2
 he prea*$ !re1 & =etold t a conv5t w\ld
 be built soon = 8 bre?r5 at ! hospital 
:]e he lodg$2 a prophecy :i* 0 fulfill$ 
9 ! ye> #abbj4  ,8 bad heal?1 ! fatigues
 ( 8 j\rney1 & ! rigor ( ! season1 _h   
br\ght him into a /ate ( great languor1 
& compell$ him to /op "o day4 ,8 malady 
gave him a disgu/ = all sorts ( food1 & 
he ?\ght t he c\ld only reli% "s wild   
f[l4 ,z he 0 speak+ ( x to 8 companion  
,b]n>d1 a well-appo9t$ cavali] br\ght   
him "o ready dress$1 say+1 ,s]vant (    
,god1 take :at ! ,"l s5ds !e1 aft] :i*  
he disappe>$4 ,francis1 admir+ !        
goodness ( ,god1 :o fulfils ! desires ( 
^? :o fe> ,him1 ate will+ly ( ?is       
cele/ial food1 & 0 s /r5g!n$ by x1 t he 

rose up imm$iately & cont9u$ 8 j\rney   
?r\gh ,dauph9y & ,pi$mont2 f :5ce he w5t
 to ,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels1 cont9u+ to    
p]=m ! functions ( an ,apo/le & ,patri>*
 ( ! ,ord] on 8 way1 b n )\t hav+ to    
endure ! honors :i* 8 miracles & !      
reputation ( 8 sanctity procur$ him f   
all p>ts4  ,8 return 0 ! subject ( great
 rejoic+ to 8 *ildr51 to ,cl>e 9        
p>ticul>1 & to a numb] ( "y m51 among   
:om 7 _m nobles & _m le>n$ p]sons :o 7  
wait+ to be receiv$ into ! ,ord]4  ,he 0
 surpris$ to f9d a build+ :i* ,pet] (   
,catania1 8 own vic> _h con/ruct$ dur+ 8
 abs5ce2 he inquir$ ! reason ( x1 &     
,pet] hav+ repli$1 t x 0 = !            
accommodation ( _! gue/s1 :]e !y might  
say ! div9e (fice m commodi\sly1 ,he    
said3--,bro!r ,pet]1 ?is place is ! rule
 & ! model ( ! ,ord]2 ,i *oose t ^? :o  
come to x %all suff] ! inconv5i5ces (   
pov]ty z well z ^? :o live 9 x1 9 ord] t
 !y may tell o!rs h[ poorly we live at  
,/4 ,m>y's ( ! ,portiuncula2 = if !     
gue/s see t !y are provid$ ) ev]y?+ !y c

 wi% =1 !y w expect ! same ?+ 9 _!      
prov9ces1 & w say1 t !y only d z !y d at
 ,portiuncula1 :i* is ! orig9al place ( 
! ,in/itution4 ,he 0 desir\s t ! build+ 
%\ld be pull$ d[n1 & he ev5 direct$ x to
 be done2 b1 ^u ! repres5tations ( ! ne$
 !y _h ( x1 he cons5t$ to let x /&4 ,!y 
c\ld n d )\t room to lodge ! numb] ( p  
:o 7 drawn ?i!r by ! rumor ( 8 great    
virtues1 & ! multitudes ( 8 religi\s :o 
came f v>i\s p>ts to consult him4  ,^?  
:om he _h de/9$ = ,m\nt ,alv]nia1 hav+  
come ) sev]al o!rs to congratulate him  
on 8 return1 in=m$ him t ,c\nt ,orl&o _h
 load$ !m ) favors2 t !y 7 settl$ on !  
m\nta91 & t x 0 ! place1 ( all o!rs1    
prop] = contemplation4 ,?is gave him a  
wi% to g ?i!r1 & he set out ) ?ree      
companions1 ,leo1 ,masse1 & ,angelo (   
,rieti4 ,x 0 8 cu/om 9 travell+ to "n "o
 ( ^? :o accompani$ him z gu>dian &     
lead]1 & he obey$ him humbly 9 all ?+s4 
,on ?is occasion1 he gave ?is commission
 to ,masse1 desir+ him n to disquiet    
himself ab\t _! food1 & giv+ no o!r     

in/ructions1 except t ! div9e (fice %\ld
 be punctually & pi\sly recit$1 t sil5ce
 %\ld be rigidly obs]v$1 & t _!         
deportm5t %\ld be res]v$4 ,he prea*$1 z 
usual1 :]ev] he w5t1 & p]=m$ _m         
miracles4  ,"o night he w5t into a *ur* 
:i* 0 des]t$1 9 ord] to pass ! night 9  
pray]1 kn[+ f exp]i5ce t ! ,_s ( ,god 0 
communicat$ m freely to ! s\l 9 quiet   
solit>y places4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! night1 
! devils us$ e sort ( artifice to       
int]rupt 8 pray]s & to di/urb him4 ,!n  
!y attack$ him 9 p]son1 z ,/4 ,a?anasius
 relates t !y did ,/4 ,an?ony1 s t !y   
seem$ to come to bl[s ) him4 ,! m !y    
annoy$ him1 ! m f]v5tly he pray$1 & ! m 
/r5u\sly he invok$ ,jesus ,*ri/ )       
confid5ce1 9 ! words ( !                
prophet3--,protect me "u ! %ad[ ( ?y w+s
 f ^! wick$ ones :o pursue me2 & he said
 to ! devils3--,spiteful & deceitful    
spirits1 d all y c aga9/ me1 = y c d    
no?+ b :at ,god p]mits1 & "h ,i am1     
ready to suff] ) pleasure all !         
afflictions x is ,8 pleasure to s5d me4 

,!n ! devils ca/ !mselves ^u him ) /ill 
great] viol5ce2 !y pu%$ him ab\t on all 
sides1 !y dragg$ him along ! gr\nd &    
beat him sev]ely4 ,9 ! mid/ ( 8 suff]+s1
 he exclaim$3--,my ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ,i 
give ,!e ?anks = all ,?y b5efits2 ?is is
 n "o ( ! lea/2 x is an assur$ m>k ( !  
goodness ,?\ ha/ = me4 ,?\ puni%e/ my   
s9s 9 ?is _w to sp>e me 9 ! next4 ,my   
he>t is ready1 ,o my ,god1 my he>t is   
ready to suff] /ill m if su* be ,?y holy
 w4 ,/4 ,bonav5ture says1 t he 0 (t5    
torm5t$ 9 ?is mann] by demons2 b t ^!   
pr\d spirits1 n be+ able ei!r to ov]come
 him1 or to be> 8 con/ancy1 retir$ 9    
confusion4 ,su* a resi/ance w\ld repress
 all ! ef=ts ( ! tempt] :5 he attacks u 
invisibly4  ,9 ! morn+1 he c\ld n       
disguise f 8 companions :at _h happ5$ to
 him1 & ! extreme weakness :i* x _h     
br\ght on oblig$ him to desire 8        
companions to g to ! neighbor+ village1 
to procure = him1 9 ,god's "n1 "s means 
( rid+ on ) !m4 ,! f>m] to :om !y       
appli$1 hav+ le>nt t x 0 = ,francis (   

,assisi1 ( :om he _h he>d s mu* good    
spok51 w5t to fet* 8 own ass to c>ry him
 on1 dur+ ! j\rney4  ,on ! way1 ,francis
 be?\ght himself ( /opp+ = a %ort "t at 
?is f>m]'s to recruit 8 /r5g? by "s     
p\ltry & o!r delicacies ( ! c\ntry2 b1  
wi%+ to puni% himself = hav+ m]ely li/5$
 to su* a sugge/ion1 he took up a       
half-rott5 f[l f a dunghill1 & smelt at 
x1 say+ to himself3--,"h1 glutton6 "h is
 ! fle% ( ! p\ltry t y s anxi\sly wi%$  
=2 satisfy y\r long+1 & eat z mu* z y l4
 ,to support himself1 he ate no?+ b     
bread1 on :i* he spr9kl$ a%es1 & he     
drank no?+ b wat]4 ,he bless$ ! h\se ( 8
 ho/1 & promis$ him v long l9eage1 :o   
%\ld be nei!r poor nor v ri*4 ,!        
remembrance ( ?is pr$iction has be5     
c>efully pres]v$ 9 ?is place1 & ! h\se  
/ill exi/s1 be>+ ! "n ( ,/4 ,francis1   
:]e ! religi\s ( 8 ,ord] are always     
*>itably receiv$4 ,?is lesson is taught 
by ! apo/le3--,t ,god1 by ,8 bless+1    
gives to *>itable p]sons ! means (      
cont9u+ & multiply+ _! good works4  ,!  

invalid 0 replac$ on ! ass1 & !y took ! 
road to ,*iusi :i* !y rea*$ by noon4    
,c\nt ,orl&o 0 greatly pleas$ to see !m1
 & w\ld h be5 b too glad to deta9 !m1 if
 only = t day2 b ,francis w\ld g z soon 
z d9n] 0 done to ,m\nt ,alv]nia1 :i!r ! 
c\nt accompani$ him4  ,! ,m\nta9        
,alv]nia is on ! conf9es ( ,tuscany1 n  
f> f ,camaldoli & ,val ,ombrosa2 x is "p
 ( ! ,ap5n9es1 & x rises high] ?an !    
adjac5t m\nta9s f :i* x is sep>at$3 two 
riv]s fl[ at its foot1 ! ,tib] & !      
,arno4 ,on _! sides x has rocks s       
p]p5dicul> & s smoo? t !y might be      
mi/ak5 = walls2 & on ! side on :i* ! top
 may be rea*$1 no "o w\ld d>e to attempt
 ! asc5t b = ! numb] ( bee* trees &     
und]wood :i* hide ! precipices4 ,^!     
trees1 :i* are v l(ty1 hide "s ext5sive 
& beautiful pa/urages4 ,!re also an     
abundance ( plants is f\nd call$ c>l9e  
or ,c>ol9e :i* is a cure = ! plague4  ,!
 f>m]1 :o 0 _! guide1 made bold to      
address ,francis ?us3 ,bro!r1 ,i he> mu*
 good spok5 ( y1 & ,i und]/& t ,god has 

%[n y great favors1 = :i* y are greatly 
indebt$ to ,him2 /rive1 !n1 to be :at x 
is said y are1 & nev] to *ange 9 ord] t 
^? :o h confid5ce 9 y may n be deceiv$2 
?is is a piece ( advice ,i give y4      
,francis1 delight$ at :at he _h he>d1   
dism\nt$1 kiss$ ! man's feet1 ?ank$ him1
 ackn[l$g+ ! great m]cy ( ,god1 :o _h   
be5 pleas$ to ca/ ,8 eyes on ! l[l9ess (
 ,8 s]vant4 ,al?\gh ?is advice came f a 
poor c\ntryman1 x 0 nev]!less ! v be/ t 
c\ld be giv5 to a sa9t4 ,s true x is t  
no "o %\ld be despis$1 & t ! mo/        
simple-m9d$ p]sons (t5 say m s5sible & m
 spiritual ?+s ?an m5 ( ! greate/ g5ius4
  ,! same man be+ v ?ir/y at ! /eepe/ "p
 ( ! m\nta91 exclaim$ l\dly3 ,i %all    
die1 if ,i _c get some?+ to dr9k4       
,francis imm$iately alight$1 ?rew       
himself on 8 knees1 rais$ 8 h&s to      
heav51 & pray$ until he knew t he _h be5
 he>d4 ,!n1 po9t+ out a l>ge /one to !  
man1 he said1 ,g !re quickly1 & y w f9d 
"s liv+ wat]3 x is ,jesus ,*ri/ :o1 out 
( ,8 great m]cy1 makes x spr+ f ?is rock

 t y may dr9k4 ,! man ran directly1 f\nd
 wat]1 & drank z mu* z he requir$4  ,no 
spr+ _h ev] be5 kn[n to be 9 t place1 & 
no wat] 0 ev] f\nd !re aft]w>ds4        
,wond]ful goodness ( ! ,almighty1       
exclaims ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 :o ?us ) s mu*
 b5evol5ce grants ! pray]s ( ,8 s]vants4
 ,! birds see+ ,/4 ,francis & 8         
companions approa*+ came 9 great numb]s 
to welcome him to _! home4  ,at l5g? !y 
rea*$ ! top ( ,m\nt ,alv]nia1 :]e !     
religi\s resid$4 ,! fa!r 0 well pleas$ )
 _! dwell+1 because ev]y?+ 0 on a small 
scale & poor4  ,c\nt ,orl&o return$ 9 ! 
ev5+ & came back next day1 br++ some?+ =
 _! d9n]4 ,aft] !y _h f9i%$ _! meal1 he 
gave ord]s = ! con/ruction ( a small    
*apel "u a v tall bee* tree1 & a cell1  
:i* ,francis _h ask$ him =1 &1 call+ !  
o!rs aside1 he said3 ,s9ce y\r f\nd] has
 giv5 8 cons5t to ! donation ,i made y  
two ye>s ago ( ?is m\nta91 y may consid]
 x z y\rs1 & h5ce bo? myself & m9e w be 
always devot$ to y\r s]vice :5ev] y %all
 ne$ x4 ,y w n be able to please me m   

?an by address+ y\rselves to me1 look+  
^u me z y\r s]vant2 & ev51 if y w d me t
 favor1 consid]+ me z "o ( y\r bre?r54  
,aft] ! dep>ture ( ! c\nt1 ! holy       
,patri>* made !m ! foll[+ disc\rse1     
relative to ! c\nt's k9dness1 :i* !y    
took c>e to commit to writ+3  ,my de>   
*ildr51 x is ,god :o ?us turns ! he>ts (
 ! fai?ful t[>ds ,8 little & useless    
s]vants1 9 :i* ,he does u a v great     
favor4 ,on :at we h hi!rto receiv$ let u
 place our hopes = :at is to come2 if t 
seems b little1 ! ,"l1 :o is inf9itely  
lib]al1 w add to x by ,8 goodness /ill  
great] b5efits1 provid$ we are fai?ful  
to ,him4 ,let u1 !n1 leave to ,him ! c>e
 ( all t relates to y1 & ,he ,himself w 
fe$ y1 z ,he f$ ,elias1 ,paul1 & ,an?ony
 9 ! des]t4 ,! birds ( ! air nei!r s[1  
nor reap1 nor ga!r into b>ns1 yet y\r   
,heav5ly ,fa!r n\ri%es !m2 h[ mu* m w   
,he d ?is = ,8 s]vants8 ,if ,he tries y1
 x w be only = a "t1 = x is writt51 t   
,he w n suff] ! j to wav] =ev]2 ! eyes (
 ! ,"l are on !m t fe> ,him1 & on !m t  

hope 9 ,8 m]cy to deliv] _! s\ls f dea? 
& fe$ !m 9 fam9e4 ,tru/ n to ! pr9ces ( 
! e>?1 nor to ! *>itable (f]s made y by 
our b5efactor1 ,c\nt ,orl&o1 = curs$ is 
! man t tru/e? 9 man1 & make? fle% 8    
arm4 ,?is "l has act$ nobly by u1 &     
accord+ to 8 piety2 let u d on our p>ts 
:at dep5ds on u1 & fail n !re92 t is to 
say1 let u n h rec\rse to 8 g5]osity1 z 
to a treasure ( :i* we are ! ma/]s1 & 9 
t reg>d let u h ! greate/ res]ve t we   
may n 9 any respect tr5* ^u holy pov]ty4
 ,be sure1 my de> *ildr51 t our be/     
res\rce = provid+ = our wants1 is to h  
none to provide =4 ,if we are truly     
evangelical poor1 ! _w w h compassion ^u
 u1 & w g5]\sly give u all t is necess>y
 = our subsi/5ce2 b if we sw]ve f holy  
pov]ty1 ! _w w %un u2 ! illicit means   
:i* we might take = avoid+ indig5ce1    
w\ld only make u feel x ! m4 ,is n su* a
 disc\rse suffici5t to %[ u1 t ,/4      
,francis _h great tal5ts & judgm5t1 jo9$
 to great k ( ! practice ( virtue8      
,c\nt ,orl&o _h a *ur* built on ,m\nt   

,alv]nia1 accord+ to ! plan :i* ! ,sa9t 
_h giv5 him1 :i*1 x 0 confid5tly said1  
_h be5 giv5 to ,francis by ! ,bless$    
,virg91 :o appe>$ accompani$ by ,/4     
,john ! ,bapti/1 & ,/4 ,john !          
,evangeli/4  ,:ile !y 7 at "w at ?is    
build+ & at ! cells = ! bre?r51 ,francis
 explor$ ! m\nta9 on all its sides1 to  
discov] ! sites be/ adapt$ =            
contemplation4 ,he f\nd "o1 :]e !re 7 "s
 l>ge op5+s 9 ! rock1 great masses      
ov]hang+ !m1 deep cav]ns1 & frightful   
pits2 & :at seem$ to him to be mo/      
curi\s1 !re 0 a rock s split t ! int]ior
 =m$ a room ) a smoo? floor+1 & a sort (
 ceil+ :i* _h a small op5+ :i* admitt$ !
 light4 ,he 0 anxi\s to "k :e!r ?is 0 ! 
natural =mation ( ! rock1 or :e!r x 0 n 
! effect ( an e>?quake2 &1 aft] hav+    
recit$ ! sev5 p5it5tial psalms1 he begg$
 ,god to grant him in=mation on ?is     
head4 ,an angel acqua9t$ him1 9 an      
app>ition1 t ?is _h happ5$ at ! dea? (  
,jesus ,*ri/1 :5 ! e>? %ook & ! rocks 7 
r5t asund]4 ,?is circum/ance gave ,m\nt 

,alv]nia additional value 9 ! eyes ( !  
s]vant ( ,jesus ,*ri/ crucifi$4 ,he nev]
 aft]w>ds saw ^! op5+s )\t ?9k+ ( !     
suff]+s 8 ,div9e ,ma/] endur$ on !      
cross1 & )\t wi%+ t 8 feel+s (          
compassion might break 8 he>t4 ,9 !     
op9ion ( ! holy ,fa!rs1 ! rocks :i* 7   
r5t :5 ,jesus ,*ri/ expir$ 7 reproa*es  
to ! ,jews = ! h>dness ( _! he>ts1 & ?is
 reproa* falls equally on ,*ri/ians :o  
are ins5sible to ,8 suff]+s4  ,we c h no
 difficulty 9 ?9k+1 ) ,c>d9al ,b>onius1 
t ! rocks on ,m\nt ,alv]nia 7 split at !
 dea? ( our ,savi\r1 s9ce ! e>?quake 0  
univ]sal1 accord+ to ! op9ions (        
,eusebius1 ,/4 ,j]ome1 & _m o!rs1 & ev5 
accord+ to ! te/imony ( pagan au?ors4   
,x is also v cr$ible t ! ,son ( ,god has
 manife/$ to ,8 special s]vants1 "s ( ! 
effects ( ?is motion ( ! e>?1 9 ord] to 
impress m vividly on _! m9ds !          
remembrance ( ,8 ,passion2 & may we n   
?9k t ! ,"l1 :o is ! behold] ( all ages1
 z ! wise man says1 & :o _h select$     
,m\nt ,alv]nia z ! place 9 :i* ,he w\ld 

d ,8 ,s]vant ,francis ! favor ( impr9t+ 
! /igmata on him1 z we %all see fur!r   
on1 0 pleas$ to give ?is m\nta9 "s      
resemblance to t ( ,calv>y1 :]e ,/4     
,cyril ( ,j]usalem assures u1 t 9 8 "t !
 r5ts caus$ by ! e>?quake 7 se58  ,among
 ! masses ( rock on ,m\nt ,alv]nia1 !re 
is "o mu* m elevat$ & mu* l>g] ?an !    
re/1 & :i* is sep>at$ f !m by           
precipices1 to :i* !re is no access b by
 ?r[+ a bridge across4 ,!re1 z 9 an     
insulat$ citadel1 a celebrat$ brig& _h 8
 /ronghold1 :o 0 call$ ! ,wolf1 on      
acc\nt ( ! plund] & murd]s he committ$ 9
 ! surr\nd+ c\ntry1 ei!r by himself1 or 
by ! gang ( :i* he 0 ! *ief4 ,he (t51   
also1 by means ( a fly+ bridge1 conf9$  
travell]s 9 ?is place1 :om he _h        
surpris$ on ! high-roads1 & :om he      
deta9$ till _! ransom 0 paid4 ,!        
e/abli%m5t ( ,francis & 8 bre?r5        
displeas$ him greatly3 p ( t sort d n l 
hav+ neighbors4 ,he gave !m sev]al times
 notice to begone1 & he ?reat5$ !m %\ld 
!y n obey4 ,_! great pov]ty gave !m no?+

 to fe> f ?ieves1 b !re 0 j cause =     
appreh5d+ t ! murd]] might massacre !m  
all4 ,div9e ,provid5ce1 h[ev]1 sav$ !m  
by a *ange :i* might well be call$ ! "w 
( ! ,mo/ ,high4 ,! villa9 came "o day   
det]m9$ ^u expell+ !m1 & us$ ! mo/      
atroci\s language to !m4 ,francis       
receiv$ him ) s mu* mildness1 li/5$ to  
him ) s mu* pati5ce1 & induc$ him by    
degrees to he> reason1 s t 8 ang]       
entirely fell1 & he n only cons5t$ to _!
 rema9+1 b he begg$ t !y w\ld admit him 
into _! poor dwell+4 ,he witness$ dur+  
sev]al days _! angelic mode ( life1 & he
 became s *ang$1 t he det]m9$ ^u adopt+ 
a simil> plan4 ,! ,sa9t p]ceiv+ t f a   
rav5\s wolf he 0 become a g5tle lamb1   
gave him ! habit ( ! ,ord]1 & ! "n (    
,bro!r ,agnello1 "u :i* he expiat$ 8    
crimes by religi\s p5ance1 ( :i* he     
rigidly fulfill$ all ! duties4 ,?is fact
 0 ( su* notoriety1 t ! rock to :i* he  
us$ to retire has always be5 call$ s9ce1
 & is /ill kn[n1 by ! "n ( ,bro!r       
,wolf's prison4  ,all ?+s be+ put 9 ord]

 at ,m\nt ,alv]nia1 he left x to g to   
,rome4 ,he pass$ ?r\gh ,monte ,casale1  
,fabriano1 ,osimo1 ,ancona1 ,mac]ata1   
,ascoli1 ,cam]9o1 & _m o!r places1      
prea*+ 9 all ! tru?s ( salvation1 ga9+  
disciples1 f\nd+ h\ses = 8 ,ord]1       
prophesy+ & work+ miracles2 we %all only
 put on record "h ! mo/ rem>kable1 & ^? 
t are mo/ edify+4  ,god favor$ him1 z   
,he _h done ,/4 ,ambrose1 ) p[] (       
discov]+ relics :i* 7 hidd54 ,he knew by
 revelation t !re 7 "s 9 a c]ta9 *ur* 9 
:i* he _h pray$1 & "s bus9ess call+ him 
away f !nce1 he communicat$ !           
circum/ance to 8 bre?r51 desir+ !m to   
take !m f !nce & place !m 9 a m suitable
 situation2 b !y ei!r ?r\gh =getfulness 
or neglect did n d s4 ,"o day z !y 7    
prep>+ ! alt> = ,mass1 !y f\nd "u !     
alt>-clo? "s beautiful bones1 f :i* a   
sweet p]fum$ smell issu$1 & !y          
imm$iately recollect$ t ^! 7 ! relics ( 
:i* _! ,fa!r _h spok54 ,at 8 return he  
inquir$ :e!r !y _h be5 dis9t]r$1 & !    
religi\s1 hav+ told him exactly :at _h  

occurr$1 he said3 ,bless$ be ! ,"l1 my  
,god1 :o1 ( ,8 goodness1 has done :at y 
ought to h done out ( ob$i5ce2 b he     
impos$ a p5ance ^u !m 9 expiation ( _!  
fault4 ,at ! ,mona/]y ( ,monte          
,maggiore1 a joy & int]ior consolation  
:i* he felt on ent]+ ! *ur*1 made him   
s5sible t ! high alt> conta9$ some?+ :i*
 _h be5 us$ by ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,he    
spoke ( x to ! religi\s1 :o se>*$       
closely1 & f\nd t x 0 true4 ,9          
ecclesia/ical hi/ory we f9d t ,god _h   
(t5 caus$ ! relics ( ,8 sa9ts to be     
discov]$1 9 ord] to d !m honor1 & !     
,holy ,fa!rs h taught ! fai?ful to      
v5]ate !m & to pres]ve !m ) great c>e4  
,:ile he 0 prea*+ at ,fabriano 9 !      
middle ( ! m>ket-place1 "s workm5 :o 7  
employ$ at a palace made s mu* noise1 t 
x prev5t$ 8 be+ he>d4 ,hav+ entreat$ !m 
to be quiet = a %ort "t1 to :i* !y paid 
no att5tion1 he said t ! "w ( ^? :o 7   
build+ ! h\se w\ld be ( no use1 because 
! ,"l did n build x1 b t x w\ld soon    
fall2 h[ev]1 t nei!r man nor bea/ w\ld  

be injur$ by x2 & ?is happ5$ b a few    
days aft] x _h be5 f9i%$1 z he _h       
=etold4 ,he assur$ ! p at ! same t[n1 t 
at a place call$ ! ,poor ,valley1 8     
bre?r51 :o 7 poor1 w\ld "s day h a      
habitation4 ,&1 9 fact1 9 ! ye> #abib1 !
 t[n ( ,fabriano plac$ ,fri>s ,m9or !re4
  ,among ! mo/ consid]able e/abli%m5ts  
:i* he plac$ on 8 r\te1 0 t ( ,/4 ,m>y (
 ! ,/ony ,valley1 s call$ f its be+     
situat$ 9 a v rocky valley1 betwe5 two  
m\nta9s1 f\r miles di/ant f ,fabriano4  
,x 0 a *ur* d$icat$ to ! ,bless$ ,virg91
 ) a mona/]y1 :i* ! ,religi\s ( ,/4     
,b5$ict _h ab&on$ 9 ord] to take refuge 
9 ! t[n1 on acc\nt ( ! w>s1 & x is "o ( 
! mo/ beautiful solitudes ( all ,italy4 
,devotion to ! ,"m ( ,god1 & ! love (   
retreat1 _h induc$ ,francis to ask = ?is
 place2 & x 0 giv5 him by ^? :o 7 its   
proprietors4 ,! fir/ "t he w5t !re1 he  
lo/ 8 way1 ) 8 companion1 & ask$ a      
pl\ghman to take him to ! valley4 ,:at1 
says ! man1 %all ,i leave my pl\gh &    
lose my "t1 to s]ve y8 ,h[ev]1 he took  

him to ! place1 mollifi$ by ,francis'   
mildness1 & by 8 promis+ him t he %\ld  
be no los] by s do+3 on return+1 aft]   
receiv+ ! ,fa!r's bless+1 he f\nd 8     
field q pl\gh$4  ,"s workm5 :o 7 employ$
 repair+ a h\se :i* _h be5 giv5 him1 at 
a place call$ ,trabe ,bonata1 be+ v     
tir$1 ask$ him to give !m "s w9e4 ,he   
s5t two ( 8 bre?r5 to procure "s 9 a    
neighbor+ village1 f "s *>itable        
b5efactor2 b ! workm5 be+ v urg5t1 out (
 compassion = !m he w5t to a spr+1 made 
! sign ( ! cross ov] x1 & 9 an in/ant1  
in/ead ( wat]1 w9e issu$ f x1 :i* fl[$ =
 a :ole h\r4 ,^? :o drank ( x publi%$ 9 
all places ! miracul\s effect ( !       
,sa9t's *>ity4  ,9 a p>i% call$ ,la     
,citta1 he 0 v well receiv$ by ! curate1
 ^: "n 0 ,rani]o1 ) :om he became v     
intimate1 s t he 0 9 ! habit ( visit+   
him1 & go+ to confession to him4 ,"o day
 aft] confession he gave him1 9 a v     
humble mann]1 notice1 t he1 ! curate1   
w\ld become "o ( 8 bre?r51 because !y _h
 become too closely unit$ to live       

diff]5t k9ds ( lives3 ,b1 he said1 ?is w
 n happ5 till aft] my dea?4 ,! ev5t     
v]ifi$ ! pr$iction3 z soon z ! curate   
le>nt t 8 fri5d ,francis %one by an     
inf9ity ( miracles1 & 0 j canoniz$1 he  
ent]$ ! ,ord] ( ,fri>s ,m9or1 & adh]$ to
 ! rules ) great regul>ity4  ,! holy man
 com+ to ,osimo1 0 greet$1 not)/&+ 8    
great humility1 & br\ght into ! t[n1 )  
great honors4 ,! next day he prea*$ on !
 vanity ( ! _w1 9 s p]suasive a /ra91 t 
all 8 he>]s1 p5etrat$ ) compunction1    
turn$ _! ?\ghts s]i\sly to _! re=mation1
 & ?irty "y m5 ent]$ 8 ,in/itute4  ,on !
 same j\rney1 he & 8 companions lodg$ at
 ! h\se ( a g5tleman1 ! greatness ( ^:  
s\l equall$ ! antiquity ( 8 nobility1 & 
^: polit5ess 0 jo9$ to piety4 ,! welcome
 he receiv$ !re 0 foll[$ by ?is         
op5-he>t$ pr(f]3 ,man ( ,god1 he said1  
,i place my p]son at y\r disposal1 & all
 t ,i possess1 all is y\rs1 d z y please
 ) x2 if y want clo?+1 or a cloak1 or   
books1 or :atev] x may be1 take x1 & ,i 
w pay = x4 ,be assur$ t ,i am :olly at  

y\r s]vice4 ,god has giv5 me weal?2 ,i h
 :]e)al to assi/ ! poor1 & x is b j t ,i
 d n fail 9 s do+4  ,francis m]ely at ! 
"t cont5t$ himself ) mak+ ^? grateful   
ackn[l$gm5ts :i* s h&some & oblig+ an   
(f] requir$2 b :5 he left him1 he c\ld n
 refra9 f admir+ ! g5]osity ( ?is       
g5tleman1 & he said to 8 companion3     
,inde$1 bro!r1 he w\ld be an excell5t   
subject = our ,ord]2 he is humbly       
?ankful = :at he has receiv$ f ,god2 he 
loves 8 neighbor v s9c]ely2 he gives    
will+ly to ! poor2 & he ex]cises        
hospitality f 8 he>t2 he is extremely   
affable & polite2 & polit5ess is si/] to
 *>ity2 x puts d[n cont5tion & promotes 
concord2 he is naturally b5evol5t2 & ?is
 feel+ is highly pleas+ to our ,fa!r :o 
is 9 ,heav51 :o causes ! sun to rise on 
! good & on ! wick$4 ,s _m excell5t     
qualities :i* ,i see 9 ?is "y man1 make 
me wi% to h him to be "o ( u1 & ,i %\ld 
admit him ) pleasure4 ,we mu/ pay him   
ano!r visit1 & exhort him to devote     
himself to ! s]vice ( ,god2 p]haps !    

,holy ,gho/ may incl9e him to d s2      
mean:ile let u implore ! ,"l to grant   
our wi%1 if ,he judges x "r4 ,9 fact1 !y
 did pray = ?is purpose4  ,"s days      
aft]w>ds !y return$ to ?is p]son's h\se1
 :o _h ! curiosity to wat* :at ,francis 
did 9 ! night2 he saw him 9 pray]1 & 9  
an ec/asy rais$ f ! gr\nd1 & surr\nd$ by
 a spl5did light1 & he felt int]iorly a 
c]ta9 cele/ial fire1 :i* inspir$ him )  
an ard5t desire to imitate 8 mode (     
life4 ,9 ! morn+1 he communicat$ 8      
feel+s to ! ,sa9t1 :o 0 already made    
aw>e ( !m by revelation1 & :o ?ank$ !   
,giv] ( all good gifts = !m4 ,! po/ulant
 gave all he _h to ! poor1 took ! habit 
( a ,fri> ,m9or1 & liv$ holily2 pres]v+ 
always ! same affable & polite mann]s1 )
 :i* he receiv$ ! gue/s ( ! conv5ts 9   
:i* he resid$4 ,?is ende>$ him /ill m to
 ! ,patri>*1 :o 0 v zeal\s 9 ! ex]cise (
 hospitality4 ,! duties ( hospitality1  
laud$ by ! pagans1 taught by ! ,gospel1 
en=c$ by ! ,apo/les1 & all ! ,holy      
,fa!rs1 are ex]cis$ 9 ! ,ord] ( ,/4     

,francis ) s mu* ! m c>e z1 be+ totally 
dep5d5t on *>ity1 !y consid] !mselves   
b\nd to give all 9 ! same mann]1 & !y   
apply to !mselves ^! words ( ! ,son (   
,god to ! ,apo/les1 on ! gift (         
miracles3 ,freely y h receiv$1 freely   
give4 ,?is is :at draws d[n ! bless+ (  
,god1 & :i* makes s _m h\ses subsi/1 )\t
 any rev5ue1 by ! *>ity ( ! fai?ful4  ,!
 holy ,patri>* ( ! ,fri>s ,m9or arriv$  
at ,rome :5 ev]y?+ 0 prep>+ = ! op5+ ( !
 ,twelf? ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil1 ! #d? (    
,lat]an1 "o ( ! mo/ num]\s ev] held 9 ! 
,*ur*4 ,innoc5t ,,iii _h convok$ x = !  
ext9ction ( h]esies1 = ! re=mation (    
morals1 = regulat+ ! discipl9e ( !      
,*ur*1 & = ! recov]y ( ! ,holy ,l& by ! 
union ( ! ,*ri/ian pr9ces4  ,francis    
came to ,rome to induce ! ,sov]eign     
,pontiff to give a public approval to ! 
,rule ( 8 ,ord]1 :i* 0 ( ! highe/       
importance 9 ord] t ! prelates might h x
 9 _! p[] to di/+ui% ! poor ( ,jesus    
,*ri/1 true *ildr5 ( ! ,*ur*1 f c]ta9   
sect>ies ( ^? times :o affect$1 z has   

be5 already said1 to be> ! m>ks (       
,apo/olic pov]ty4  ,:at ! ,s]vant ( ,god
 requir$ 0 put 9 =ce2 ! ,pope decl>$    
be=e all ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,c\ncil1 t he     
approv$ ! ,ord] & ! ,rule ( ,/4         
,francis1 al?\gh he _h hi!rto issu$ no  
bull4 ,?is is a fact :i* is relat$ by ! 
companions ( ! ,sa9t :o wrote 8 life1 & 
by two au?ors ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,dom9ic1  
,jordan ( ,saxony1 a disciple ( t bless$
 ,patri>*1 & ,/4 ,anton9us4 ,moreov]1 9 
ord] to avoid too great a v>iety (      
religi\s ord]s1 ! c\ncil prohibit$ !    
=mation ( any new ones1 & direct$ t !   
exi/+ ones %\ld be consid]$ suffici5t4  
,yet x is cle> t ! ,pope c\ld n1 9 ?is  
in/ance1 avoid mak+ kn[n ! approbation  
he _h giv5 to an ,ord] s new & peculi> z
 0 t ( ! ,fri>s ,m9or1 :i* 9 ! la/ five 
ye>s1 _h spread ov] ,italy1 & 0 e/abli%$
 9 ,rome4  ,! holy fri5d%ip :i* 0       
subsequ5tly =m$ betwe5 ,/4 ,dom9ic & ,/4
 ,francis1 r5d]s x prop] t we %\ld "h   
record t ,/4 ,dom9ic came also to ?is   
,lat]an ,c\ncil1 toge!r ) ,fulke1 ,bi%op

 ( ,t\l\se1 9 ord] to propose to ! pope 
an int5tion he _h ( in/itut+ an ord] (  
prea*]s1 & t ! ,pope _h se5 9 a dream   
,/4 ,dom9ic support+ ! ,lat]an ,*ur*1   
:i* 0 fall+1 9 ! same way z he _h se5   
,francis support+ x five ye>s be=e4 ,he 
prais$ 8 und]tak+1 b told him1 accord+  
to ! decree ( ! c\ncil1 to return ) 8   
bre?r51 & prep>e a rule = ! guidance ( !
 ord]1 & !n come back to h ! ord]       
confirm$1 :i* ! holy patri>* compli$ )4 
,! ,c\ncil ( ,lat]an hav+ t]m9at$ its   
labors1 ,francis left ,rome at ! beg9n+ 
( ,decemb] to return to ,/4 ,m>y ( !    
,angels4  ,:5 he _h rea*$ 8 conv5t1     
,cl>e1 :o1 be+ v humble1 _h accept$ only
 ?r\gh ob$i5ce ! quality ( ,abbess ( ,/4
 ,damian1 wi%$ to lay x d[n into 8 h&s1 
to :i* he w\ld by no means ass5t1       
because he knew t by ! disposition (    
,div9e ,provid5ce1 %e 0 to =m !         
disciples :o 7 to e/abli% 8 ,ord] 9     
v>i\s places1 f :5ce x 0 to spread      
?r\gh\t ! ,*ur*4  ,cl>e _h admitt$ _m   
virg9s dur+ ! ?ree ye>s %e _h presid$   

ov] ,/4 ,damian1 among :om 7 "s ( h] own
 relatives4 ,beatrice1 ! y\nge/ ( h]    
si/]s1 came a %ort "t aft]w>ds2 &       
,hortolona1 h] "m1 z soon z %e became a 
wid[1 decid$ ^u consecrat+ h]self to    
,god1 ) h] ?ree daught]s1 9 ! same      
mona/]y1 :]e miracles te/ifi$ to !      
hol9ess ( h] life4 ,f9ally1 ! virtues ( 
,cl>e 7 s respl5d5t1 & ! miracles :i* x 
pleas$ ! ,almighty to "w by h] means1   
?rew s mu* spl5dor ar\nd h]1 t1 accord+ 
to ! rem>k ( ,pope ,alex&] ,,iv1 9 !    
bull ( h] canonization1 ! tru? ( !      
pr$iction :i* 0 made to h] "m1 0 cle>ly 
se53--,t %e w\ld give to ! _w a light   
:i* w\ld ev5 enlight5 ! _w4 ,! sequel ( 
! life ( ! ,fa!r w af=d fur!r           
opportunity = speak+ ( ! daught]4  ,!   
,b5$ict9es ( ,m\nt ,s\bazo1 9 ?is ye>1  
gave ! holy ,patri>* a conv5t on ?is v  
m\nta91 two miles f ,assisi4 ,x has be5 
call$ ! prison ( ,/4 ,francis1 because  
he (t5 %ut himself up !re 9             
contemplation aft] 8 ,apo/olical labors4
 ,8 oratory is /ill !re1 also3 8 cell1 !

 /one & ! wood :i* s]v$ him = b$ &      
pill[1 & a copi\s spr+ :i*1 by 8        
int]cession1 he obta9$ f ,god4  ,f !    
beg9n+ ( ! foll[+ ye>1 #abaf1 to ! #cj? 
( ,may1 ! ,fe/ival ( ,:itsuntide1 ! day 
on :i* ! g5]al *apt] 0 held1 :i* 0 !    
fir/ ( ! ,ord]1 he _h z mu* leisure z he
 c\ld desire = conv]s+ ) ,god1 = giv+   
in/ruction to 8 bre?r5 at ,/4 ,m>y ( !  
,angels1 & to ! ,t[n ( ,assisi & its    
environs4 ,9 ! assembly1 prov9cial      
m9i/]s 7 appo9t$1 to :om p[] 0 giv5 =   
admitt+ po/ulants into ! ,ord]2 :i* !   
,f\nd] _h previ\sly res]v$ to himself4  
,"o ^: "n does n appe>1 0 s5t into      
,apulia1 & ,john de ,/ra*ia 0 s5t into  
,lomb>dy2 ,b5$ict ( ,arezzo1 into !     
,m>*es ( ,ancona2 ,daniel ! ,tuscan1    
into ,calabria2 ,augu/9 ( ,assisi1 into 
! ,t]ra di ,lavoro2 ,elias ( ,cortona1  
into ,tuscany4 ,evangelical labor]s 7   
*os5 = diff]5t nations4 ,b]n>d de       
,qu9tavalle1 = ,spa92 ,john ,bonella1 a 
,flor5t9e1 ) ?irty companions1 =        
,prov5ce2 ,john de ,p5na1 & sixty ( 8   

bre?r51 = ,upp] & ,l[] ,g]many2 ,francis
 took = 8 %>e ,p>is & :at is prop]ly    
call$ ,france & ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4  ,!    
,apo/olic labor]s be+ all assembl$ at ! 
feet ( _! ,fa!r1 to receive 8 ord]s1 he 
address$ !m ) pat]nal t5d]ness1 9 !     
foll[+ disc\rse3--  ,9 ! "n ( ! ,"l1 g  
=? mode/ly1 two & two1 obs]v+ /rict     
sil5ce f ! morn+ till aft] ! h\r (      
,ti]ce1 pray+ to ,god f y\r he>ts4 ,let 
no idle or useless words be he>d among  
y2 al?\gh y are travell+1 y\r deportm5t 
%\ld be z humble & z decor\s z if y 7 9 
a h]mitage1 or 9 y\r cells4 ,= :]ev] we 
are1 &1 :i!rsoev] we may be go+1 we h   
always our vocation ) u2 our bro!r1 !   
body1 is our cell1 & ! s\l is ! h]mit1  
:o dwells 9 x to ?9k ( ,god & to pray to
 ,him4 ,if a religi\s s\l does n dwell  
quietly 9 ! cell ( ! body1 ! ext]nal    
cells w be ( little use to him4 ,behave1
 !n1 9 su* mann] 9 ! _w1 t :osoev] may  
see or he> y1 may be mov$ to devotion1 &
 praise our ,heav5ly ,fa!r to :om alone 
all glory belongs4 ,proclaim peace to   

all m51 b h x 9 y\r he>ts1 z well z 9   
y\r m\?s4 ,give to no "o cause = ang]1  
nor = sc&al2 on ! contr>y1 by y\r own   
mildness1 induce e "o to feel b5ignly1 &
 draw !m to union & to concord4 ,we are 
call$ to heal ! w\nd$1 console !        
afflict$1 & to br+ back ^? :o err2 _m   
may seem to y to be memb]s ( ! devil1 :o
 w "o day be disciples ( ,jesus ,*ri/4  
,:at ,francis said ( ! inutility (      
ext]ior cells1 :]e ! s\l is n at ease 9 
! cell ( ! body1 is 9 con=mity to ^!    
words ( ,/4 ,b]n>d3--,y may be alone :5 
y are 9 ! mid/ ( ! _w1 z x may s happ5 t
 y may be 9 ! mid/ ( ! _w :5 y are      
alone4  ,! *ildr5 ( ! holy ,patri>*     
receiv$ 8 bless+2 & hav+ recomm5d$      
!mselves to ! pray]s ( _! companions1 !y
 set out = ^? places to :i* ob$i5ce s5t 
!m4 ,! success ( ! sev]al labors w be   
adv]t$ to fur!r on4 ,! mission>ies =    
,prov5ce rema9$ "s days aft] ! break+ up
 ( ! *apt]1 to receive fur!r in/ructions
 relative to _! mission4 ,! day ( _!    
dep>ture1 !re 7 only ?ree loaves ( bread

 9 ! conv5t1 two ( :i* _h be5 s5t !re by
 ,cl>e2 ^! 7 f\nd suffici5t = m ?an     
?irty :o 7 pres5t1 & !re 0 a great deal 
to sp>e1 a circum/ance :i* 0 consid]$ to
 be a good om54  ,francis1 hav+ animat$ 
all ! o!rs by 8 zeal1 prep>$ himself =  
sett+ out = ,p>is4 ,besides ! natural   
affection he _h = ,france1 ( :i* he lik$
 ! language1 z x 0 famili> to him1 he   
*ose ?is city pref]ably to _m o!rs1     
because he knew t _! devotion 0 great   
t[>ds ! bless$ sacram5t1 & ?is 0 a great
 attraction = 8 piety4  ,may ! ,p>isians
 ev] ent]ta9 & transmit to _! po/]ity   
?is f]v5t devotion ( _! ance/ors1 :i*   
,pope ,urban ,,iv41 :o 0 a native (     
,france1 /irr$ up 9 ! he>ts ( ! fai?ful 
=ty-six ye>s aft]w>ds1 by ! in/itution (
 ! ,fea/ ( ! ,mo/ ,holy ,sacram5t1 :i*  
is celebrat$ ?r\gh\t ! ,*ur*1 ) s mu*   
solemnity4 ,! bull :i* he issu$ on ?is  
occasion1 ent]s into ! /ronge/ & mo/    
mov+ argum5ts calculat$ to inspire      
v5]ation1 love1 & ! zeal :i* ! preci\s  
memorial ( ! goodness ( ! ,son ( ,god   

calls =1 & to invite to a frequ5t &     
wor?y p>ticipation 9 ! div9e my/]y1 :i* 
! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t has s9ce express$ its 
anxiety to see ree/abli%$4  ,be=e 8     
dep>ture1 ,francis und]took to reconcile
 ! memb]s ( ! illu/ri\s family ( !      
,basel5nesi1 a long "t disunit$ by      
unhappy family diss5sions1 & he succe$$ 
to ! satisfaction ( all p>ties4 ,out (  
gratitude !y _h built = him1 on "o ( _! 
e/ates on a spot ne> ! ,tib]1 surr\nd$ )
 v beautiful trees1 a conv5t call$ ,/4  
,angel ( ,pantanellis4  ,he *ose to g   
once m to ,rome to recomm5d to ! holy   
,apo/les 8 j\rney to ,france4 ,on !     
road1 hav+ seat$ himself close to a spr+
 to take 8 meal1 he put "s pieces (     
bread1 :i* _h be5 giv5 to him on 8 que/1
 & :i* 7 v h>d & m\ldy1 on a /one ne>   
him2 he express$ mu* satisfaction1 & he 
press$ 8 companion ,masse to give ?anks 
to ,god = s great a treasure2 & he      
repeat$ sev]al times ! same ?+1 elevat+ 
8 voice m & m4 ,b ( :at treasure are y  
talk+ said ,masse1 at a "t :5 we are 9  

want ( _m ?+s8 ,! great treasure is1    
repli$ ,francis1 t1 be+ 9 want ( s mu*1 
,god has _h ! goodness to furni% u by ,8
 provid5ce ) t bread & ?is spr+1 & to   
f9d u ?is /one to s]ve z a table4  ,he  
w5t %ortly aft] into a *ur*1 :]e he     
pray$ to ,god to give him & 8 *ildr5 !  
love ( holy pov]ty2 & 8 pray] 0 s f]v5t 
t fire seem$ to issue f 8 c\nt5ance4    
,full ( ?is cele/ial ardor1 he w5t t[>ds
 ,masse ) op5 arms1 call+ him by "n ) a 
l\d voice2 ,masse1 9 great a/oni%m5t1   
go+ to ?r[ himself into ! arms ( 8      
,fa!r1 0 rais$ into ! air sev]al cubits 
high1 & felt su* sweetness 9 8 s\l1 t he
 frequ5tly aft]w>ds decl>$ t he _h nev] 
exp]i5c$ any?+ l x4 ,aft] ?is ec/asy1   
,francis spoke to him on ! subject (    
pov]ty 9 an admirable /ra94  ,:5 at     
,rome1 9 a *apel ( ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pet]1 
:ile he 0 pray+ ) te>s t ! holy ,apo/les
 w\ld give him in/ructions on ! subject 
( holy pov]ty & ( an ,apo/olic life1 !y 
appe>$ to him surr\nd$ by lights1 &1    
aft] t5d]ly embrac+ him1 said3 ,bro!r   

,francis1 our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ has s5t u
 to tell y t ,he has favorably he>d y\r 
pray]s & te>s on ! subject ( holy       
pov]ty1 :i* ,he ,himself _h foll[$1 z   
well z ,8 ,bless$ ,"m1 & we1 :o are ,8  
,apo/les1 aft] 8 example4 ,?is treasure 
is grant$ to y = y\rself & = y\r *ildr52
 ^? :o %all c>efully adh]e to x1 w h !  
k+dom ( heav5 = _! rew>d4 ,! ,s]vant (  
,god1 fill$ ) consolation1 w5t to 8     
companion ,masse1 to :om he communicat$ 
:at _h pass$1 & !y w5t toge!r to give   
?anks at ! place :i* is call$ !         
,confession ( ,/4 ,pet]1 :i* is 8 tomb4 
,:ile ,francis 0 at ,rome1 ,pope        
,innoc5t ,,iii di$ at ,p]ugia4 ,he 0 ( !
 illu/ri\s h\se ( ! ,c\nts ( ,segni1 :i*
 has giv5 five popes to ! ,*ur*1 ! la/ (
 :om 0 ,innoc5t ,,xiii1 ( bless$ memory4
 ,x 0 at ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is t 8 m]it 0
 fir/ notic$2 he %one !re above ! _m :o 
7 its honor & its ornam5t4 ,x 0 8 r>e & 
transc5d5t qualities :i* induc$ !       
c>d9als unanim\sly to elect him to !    
pontificate2 & ^! qualities %one )      

additional spl5dor :5 8 humility urg$ 8 
resi/ance to ! election1 f :i* he pray$ 
) unaffect$ te>s to be releas$4 ,8      
gov]nm5t & ! works he has left to       
po/]ity1 %[1 t he _h great g5ius1 great 
sci5ce1 prud5ce1 & probity1 ) solid     
piety1 & ard5t zeal4 ,he 01 says a ,fr5*
 contempor>y writ] a man ( great c\rage 
& great wisdom1 :o _h no equal 9 8 day1 
& :o did m>vell\s ?+s4 ,he 0 inde$ "o ( 
! mo/ em95t m5 :o h fill$ ! *air ( ,/4  
,pet]4 ,! affection he bore to ,francis1
 & ! favors he conf]r$ on 8 ,ord]1 h    
compell$ u to d ?is ju/ice "h to 8      
memory4  ,on ! #ah? ( ,july1 !y elect$ =
 8 successor ,c>d9al ,savelli1 :o took !
 "n ( ,honorius ,,iii4 ,he 0 a le>n$ &  
wor?y man4 ,he g5]ally foll[$ ! designs 
( 8 pr$ecessor1 & _h a simil> affection 
= ! religi\s ord]s1 ( :i* he gave       
sub/antial pro(s 9 ! favors he be/[$ on 
t ( ,/4 ,francis4  ,"s mon?s aft] 8     
election1 he gave 8 approval ( ! ,ord] (
 ,/4 ,dom9ic4 ,?is holy patri>* hav+    
return$ to 8 companions to fix ^u a     

rule1 z _h be5 recomm5d$ to him by ,pope
 ,innoc5t at ! ,lat]an ,c\ncil1 & hav+  
adopt$ ! rule ( ,/4 ,augu/9e1 to :i* he 
_h add$ "s m au/]e regulations1 came    
back to ,rome to procure ! approval ( ! 
,holy ,see4 ,:ile he solicit$ x f       
,honorius1 :o _h arriv$ f ,p]ugia1 he   
made acqua9tance & contract$ an intimacy
 ) ,francis1 9 consequ5ce ( a miracul\s 
vision :i* he _h 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pet]1 
:]e he pray$ unceas+ly ) great f]vor = !
 success ( 8 ent]prise4  ,he saw ! ,son 
( ,god seat$ on ! "r h& ( ,8 ,fa!r1 :o  
rose up greatly irritat$ aga9/ s9n]s1   
hold+ ?ree d>ts 9 ,8 h&1 = ! extirpation
 ( ! pr\d1 ! av>ici\s1 & ! voluptu\s4 ,8
 holy ,"m ?rew h]self at ,8 feet1 &     
pray$ = m]cy1 say+ t %e _h p]sons :o    
w\ld rem$y ! evil2 & %e at ! same "t    
introduc$ to ,him ,dom9ic & ,francis1 z 
be+ prop] p]sons = re=m+ ! _w1 &        
ree/abli%+ piety2 ?is pacifi$ ,jesus    
,*ri/4  ,dom9ic1 :o _h nev] se5         
,francis1 met him next day1 recogniz$   
him1 ran to him & embrac$ him1 say+3 ,y 

are my companion2 we w "w 9 conc]t ) ea*
 o!r2 let u be /rictly unit$1 & no "o w 
be able to ma/] u4 ,francis himself     
communicat$ ?is favor ( ,heav5 to !     
*ildr5 ( ,dom9ic3 & ,/4 ,v9c5t ,f]r]1 & 
"s o!r au?ors quot$ by ,wad+1 say t     
,francis _h receiv$ a simil> favor f    
,heav54 ,! ev5t prov$ ! tru? ( !        
,vision4 ,dom9ic alone1 )\t any human   
aid1 hav+ no?+ to comm& success b       
pov]ty1 humility1 & pray]1 obta9$ !     
approbation ( 8 ord]1 :i* 0 an affair ( 
great difficulty1 p>ticul>ly at !       
comm5cem5t ( a ,pontificate1 :5 ! ,pope 
is occupi$ by mo/ important affairs4    
,we may "h notice ! gr\ndwork ( ! ard5t 
zeal ( ! ,fri>s ,prea*]s & ! ,fri>s     
,m9or = ! glory ( ! ,"m ( ,god4 ,p]suad$
 t _! ord]s 7 e/abli%$ "u h] protection1
 & t %e is especially ! "m ( _! holy    
patri>*s1 !y /rive by e means 9 _! p[]  
to re/ore ! dev\t v5]ation due to h]4 ,x
 is ! common int]e/ ( all ! fai?ful :o  
see t %e is1 accord+ to ! expression ( !
 ,holy ,fa!rs1 _! advocate & _!         

m$iatrix2 t %e prays & solicits = !m2 t 
%e int]poses betwe5 !m & ! wra? ( h]    
,son1 & appeases ,him3 ?is af=ds great  
room = confid5ce 9 h]1 & %\ld induce !m 
to invoke h] = _! conv]sion &           
sanctification4  ,dom9ic & ,francis1    
confid5t ( ! protection ( ! ,bless$     
,virg91 ent]$ into a /rict fri5d%ip &   
resolv$ to sp>e no pa9s 9 _! ex]tions = 
! glory ( ,god1 & conc]t$ toge!r z to ! 
be/ means = atta9+ _! object4 ,^u :i* an
 au?or quot$ by ,wad+1 makes a mo/      
appropriate reflection3 ,x 01 he says1  
some?+ admirable to see two m51 :o 7    
poor1 badly clad1 )\t p[] or int]e/     
despicable 9 ! eyes ( ! _w1 divide      
betwe5 !m ! _w itself1 & und]take to    
conqu] x4 ,:o w\ld n h turn$ _! plans   
into ridicule he>+ !m s]i\sly consult   
toge!r on su* an und]tak+1 s9ce !y seem$
 to h s little means ( c>ry+ !m into    
execution8 ,nev]!less1 !y succe$$2      
because ,god select$ by _! means to     
conf\nd :at is /rong4 ,!y resembl$ ,/4  
,pet] & ,/4 ,paul1 propos+ to !mselves1 

9 ! same ,city ( ,rome1 to conv]t !     
univ]se by ! prea*+ ( ! ,gospel2 ?is %[s
 t ,god made use ( means = reanimat+ !  
fai?1 simil> to ^? :i* ,he _h employ$ to
 e/abli% x4  ,x is report$1 t :ile      
,dom9ic & ,francis 7 /ill at ,rome1     
,angelus1 ( ! ,ord] ( ! ,c>melites1 :o 0
 aft]w>ds m>tyr$ 9 ,sicily1 0 also !re2 
t1 prea*+ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,john ,lat]an1
 :]e ! two o!rs 7 among ! he>]s1 he     
=etold t !y w\ld become two great pill>s
 ( ! ,*ur*2 t :5 ! s]mon 0 f9i%$1 !y    
=etold to "o ano!r :at w\ld happ5 to ea*
 ( !m1 & ev5 t ,francis w\ld receive !  
/igmata2 !n ! ?ree toge!r cur$ a man    
afflict$ ) leprosy1 & pass$ a day & a   
night toge!r 9 pray] & conv]s+ on holy  
subjects4  ,francis left ,rome at ! end 
( ! ye>1 int5d+ to cont9ue 8 j\rney into
 ,france4 ,he pass$ ?r\gh ,si5na & by   
,m\nt ,alv]nia & arriv$ at ,flor5ce 9 ! 
mon? ( ,janu>y1 #abag1 to pay 8 dutiful 
respects to ,c>d9al ,ugol9o1 :o 0 ,papal
 ,legate !re4 ,?is c>d9al1 :o _h decl>$ 
himself 8 protector & 8 fri5d1 :5 he w5t

 to reque/ ! approbation ( 8 rule f     
,pope ,innoc5t ,,iii41 9 #abaj1 receiv$ 
him ) great k9dness1 deta9$ him "s days1
 inquir$ into ! affairs ( 8 ,ord]1 &    
said to him on ! subject ( 8 j\rney3    
,francis1 y\r ,ord] is /ill 9 its       
infancy4 ,y "k ! opposition x met ) 9   
,rome1 & y h /ill !re "s secret enemies2
 if !re is n "s "o !re to wat* ov] y\r  
int]e/s1 x w be an easy matt] to cause  
all y h obta9$ to be revok$4 ,y\r       
pres5ce w g a great way 9 uphold+ y\r   
"w1 & ^? :o are atta*$ to y w h a great]
 /imulus = giv+ y _! support4 ,z to     
myself1 ,i am f ?is mom5t :olly y\rs4   
,! holy man1 aft] hav+ ?ank$ ! c>d9al1  
repli$3 ,i h s5t _m ( my bre?r5 into f> 
di/ant c\ntries4 ,if ,i rema9 quietly 9 
our conv5t1 )\t tak+ any %>e 9 _!       
labors1 x w be a great %ame = me2 & ^!  
poor religi\s1 :o are suff]+ hung] &    
?ir/1 w h great reason to murmur &      
compla92 b in/ead ( t1 if !y f9d t ,i "w
 z mu* z !y d1 !y w be> _! fatigues m   
will+ly1 & ,i %all m easily p]suade !m  

to und]take simil> missions4  ,! c>d9al1
 feel+ = ! suff]+s ( ^! mission>ies1    
said3 ,b :y1 bro!r1 h y ! h>%ness to    
expose y\r disciples to su* ardu\s      
j\rney+ & to s mu* suff]+8 ,my ,"l1     
repli$ ,francis1 :o 0 urg$ by a         
prophetic _s1 y ?9k t ,god has sanction$
 ! ,in/itute = ?is c\ntry only2 b ,i    
tell y t ,he has =m$ x = ! good ( !     
univ]se1 & = ! salvation ( all m51 )\t  
exclud+ ! infidels3 = religi\s ( ?is    
,ord] w g into _! t]ritories2 & provid$ 
!y live 9 con=mity to ! ,gospel1 ,god w 
provide amply = all _! wants1 ev5 among 
! enemies ( ,8 "n4  ,^! words made a    
great impression on ! c>d9al1 :o 0 a v  
holy man1 & increas$ 8 affection =      
,francis1 :om he aga9 exhort$ 9 /rong]  
language ?an be=e1 to rema9 9 ,italy to 
consolidate an ,in/itute :i* 0 to h su* 
b5eficial results4 ,! ,sa9t hav+ yield$ 
to ! reason+ ( ! c>d9al1 entreat$ him to
 be ! protector ( ! ,fri>s ,m9or1       
accord+ to 8 promise1 & to be s good z  
to be pres5t at ! next g5]al *apt]2 aft]

 :i* he took ! road to ! ,valley (      
,spoleto4  ,!re he le>nt t "s ( 8 bre?r5
 _h be5 s]i\sly ill-treat$ by sev]al    
prelates1 & t at ! c\rt ( ,rome !re 7   
p]sons :o spoke aga9/ 8 ,ord]4 ,?is news
 confirm$ him 9 ! resolution he _h tak5 
to rema9 9 ,italy2 & he nam$ ?ree ( 8   
disciples = ! ,fr5* mission1 to wit3    
,pacificus ( ! ,m>*es ( ,ancona1 !      
celebrat$ poet1 ^: conv]sion we h       
relat$2 ,angelus1 & ,alb]t1 bo? ( ,pisa4
  ,he likewise int5d$ to reque/ ! ,pope 
to nom9ate a c>d9al ( ! ,holy ,roman    
,*ur*1 to protect 8 ,ord] aga9/ all :o  
%\ld attack x4 ,?ree ( 8 companions1 !  
writ]s ( 8 life1 say1 t he 0 induc$ to  
?is by a cele/ial vision 9 8 sleep4 ,he 
saw a h5 endeavor+ to ga!r all h] *ick5s
 "u h] w+s1 to protect !m f a hawk2 %e  
c\ld n cov] !m all1 & _m 7 ab\t to      
become its prey2 b ano!r l>ge bird      
appe>$1 spread its w+s ov] !m1 & pres]v$
 !m f ! dang]4 ,on awak+1 ,francis pray$
 our ,"l to expla9 to him ! mean+ ( ?is1
 & he le>nt t ! h5 repres5t$ himself1 & 

! *ick5s 7 8 disciples1 t ! bird ) !    
l>ge w+s repres5t$ ! c>d9al1 :om !y 7 to
 solicit = _! protector4 ,he told all   
?is to 8 bre?r51 & address$ !m z        
foll[s3--  ,! ,roman ,*ur* is ! "m ( all
 ! *ur*es1 & ! sov]eign ( all religi\s  
ord]s4 ,x is to h] t ,i %all address    
myself to recomm5d to h] my bre?r51 9   
ord] t h] au?ority may sil5ce ^? :o are 
ho/ile to !m1 & t %e may procure = !    
*ildr5 ( ,god full & p]fect lib]ty to   
advance quietly 9 ! way ( et]nal        
salvation2 = :5 !y %all be "u h]        
protection1 !re w be no m enemies to    
oppose !m1 nor di/urb !m2 !re w n be se5
 among !m any son ( ,belial to ravage ) 
impunity ! v9ey>d ( ! ,"l4 ,! holy ,*ur*
 w be zeal\s = ! glory ( our pov]ty2 %e 
w n suff] t ! humility :i* is s         
honorable to h]1 %all be obscur$ by !   
cl\ds ( pride4 ,x is %e :o w r5d]       
indissoluble among u1 ! bonds ( *>ity & 
peace1 rigor\sly puni%+ ! au?ors (      
diss5sions4 ,"u h] eyes1 ! holy         
evangelical obs]vance w ev] fl\ri% 9 its

 pri/9e purity2 %e w nev] p]mit ^! holy 
practices to flag ev5 mom5t>ily1 ^?     
practices :i* %$ ar\nd !m a vivify+     
light4 ,may ! *ildr51 !n1 ( t holy ,*ur*
 be v grateful = ! great favors :i* !y  
receive f _! "m2 let !m kiss h] feet )  
pr(\nd v5]ation1 & rema9 =ev] inviolably
 atta*$ to h]4  ,! fir/ words ( ?is     
disc\rse %[ t ,/4 ,francis 0 p]fectly   
cognizant ( ! pr]ogatives ( ! ,*ur* (   
,rome1 & ( ! ext5t ( ! au?ority ( !     
,holy ,see4 ,x 0 n 9 va9 t he s\ght h]  
protection1 s9ce 8 ,ord] 0 e/abli%$1    
ext5d$1 support$1 & sometimes ev5       
r5ovat$ "u ?is p[]ful au?ority2 & !     
atta*m5t to ! ,holy ,see1 :i* he s      
/rongly recomm5d$ to 8 bre?r51 has be5 s
 visibly manife/$ dur+ five c5turies1 t 
x has procur$ = !m ! e/eem & love ( all 
,ca?olics1 z well z ! hatr$ ( ! h]etics1
 s t !y h ! honor ( hav+ "s %>e 9 !     
eulogiums :i* ,/4 ,j]ome pass$ on ,/4   
,augu/9e3 ,! ,ca?olics e/eem & respect  
y1 &1 :at enhances y\r glory1 all !     
h]etics dete/ y4 ,!y hold me 9 equal    

hatr$2 & if !y dur/ n put bo? ! "o & !  
o!r ( u to dea?1 !y h at lea/ ! wi% to d
 s4 ,?is wi% ( ! h]etics has n be5 )\t  
effect z reg>ds ! *ildr5 ( ,/4 ,francis1
 = ( a ?\s& m>tyrs :i* !y reckon 9 8    
,ord]1 a v great numb] ( !m 7 put to    
dea? ) great] cruelty 9 ?is & latt]     
times by ! sect>ians ?an by idolatr\s   
tyrants4 ,h]esy w be ev] s1 ! daught] ( 
a p>5t1 :o1 accord+ to ! words ( ,jesus 
,*ri/1 0 a murd]] f ! beg9n+4  ,! holy  
,patri>* w5t !n to ,rome1 :]e he f\nd   
,c>d9al ,ugol9o1 :o 0 return$ f         
,tuscany1 to :om he communicat$ !       
int5tion he _h ( solicit+ ! pope = a    
protector4 ,! c>d9al at ! same "t       
express$ 8 wi% to he> him prea* be=e !  
pope & ! sacr$ college4 ,francis excus$ 
himself f ?is z mu* z he c\ld1 assign+ =
 reasons1 8 ignorance1 8 simplicity1 & 8
 uncultivat$ m9d1 :i* unfitt$ him =     
speak+ 9 ! mo/ augu/ assembly 9 ! _w4 ,b
 he 0 oblig$ to yield to ! press+       
in/ances ( ! c>d9al1 :o entreat$ him z a
 fri5d to comply1 & ev5 ord]$ him to    

prep>e himself = ! task1 recomm5d+ him  
to compose c>efully a s]mon :]e9 !re    
%\ld be z mu* erudition & reason+ z su* 
an audi5ce requir$4  ,up to t "t1 !     
,s]vant ( ,god _h nev] prep>$ himself = 
prea*+2 he only spoke f ! pulpit :at !  
,holy ,gho/ inspir$4 ,nev]!less1 he1 9  
?is in/ance1 obey$ ! c>d9al2 he prep>$ a
 s]mon z c>efully z he c\ld1 & le>n$ x  
by he>t4 ,:5 he came into ! pres5ce ( ! 
,pope1 he =got e "p ( ! disc\rse1 & c\ld
 n utt] a syllable ( x4 ,b aft] hav+    
humbly expla9$ ! circum/ance1 & implor$ 
! aid ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 words fl[$       
copi\sly f 8 m\?1 & he spoke ) s mu*    
eloqu5ce & animation1 t ! ,pope & c>d9al
 7 deeply affect$4  ,hav+ be5 admitt$ to
 an audi5ce ( ! ,pope 9 pres5ce (       
,c>d9al ,ugol9o1 he said3 ,mo/ ,holy    
,fa!r1 ,i am n 9 fe> ( becom+           
importunate = ! int]e/s ( y\r l[ly      
s]vants1 ! ,fri>s ,m9or1 :ile y are     
occupi$ ) s _m important affairs :i*    
reg>d ! :ole ,*ur*4 ,i entreat y to give
 u ?is c>d9al1 to :om we may h rec\rse 9

 our wants1 always "u y\r sanction1 s9ce
 x is f y1 ! ,head ( ! my/ical ,body1 t 
all p[] emanates4 ,! ,pope grant$ 8     
reque/ ) alacrity1 & recomm5d$ ! c>d9al 
to take great c>e ( ! ,ord]4 ,f t "t1 ! 
,ord]s ( ,fri>s ,m9or h always _h a     
c>d9al protector1 ^: p[]s are ext5d$ z !
 ,pope %all see fit2 ! t]ms ( ! ,rule1  
:i* oblige ! ,ord] by ob$i5ce to apply =
 "o1 %[1 t x 0 ! int5tion ( ,francis1 t 
8 p[]s %\ld be mo/ ample4  ,c>d9al      
,ugol9o 0 "o ( ! mo/ accompli%$ m5 ( !  
,city ( ,rome2 8 p]son well made1 8     
c\nt5ance mild & maje/ic1 8 g5ius quick1
 ) great memory & eloqu5ce1 possess+ 9  
p]fection all human sci5ces1 civil &    
canon-law1 & p>ticul>ly ! ,holy         
,scriptures2 he 0 v exp]t 9 all public  
bus9ess2 a lov] ( virtue & ord]1 & ( a  
pure & exempl>y life4  ,8 fir/ c>e 9    
und]tak+ ! (fice ( protector1 :i* he did
 will+ly1 01 to def5d ! ,fri>s aga9/ all
 ^? :o attack$ !m1 to conciliate !      
prelates 9 _! favor & to spread !m into 
all p>ts = ! salvation ( s\ls2 8 great  

au?ority sil5c$ _! enemies4 ,z (t5 z 8  
affairs admitt$ ( x1 he assi/$ at _!    
g5]al *apt]s2 !n he (ficiat$            
pontifically4 ,francis act$ z 8 deacon1 
& prea*$4 ,he con=m$ to ! rule ( !      
,in/itute z mu* z 0 9 8 p[]1 & 01 :5 )  
!m1 z "o ( !mselves1 & ev5 endeavor$ to 
appe> z ! l[e/ among !m4  ,a contempor>y
 au?or1 :o 0 an ocul> witness1 expresses
 himself ?us3 ,o h[ (t5 has he be5 se5  
humbly to dive/ himself ( ! m>ks ( 8    
high dignity2 put on ! poor habit1 &1 ) 
b>e feet1 jo9 ! religi\s 9 ! regul>     
ex]cises1 9 ord] to imitate _!          
evangelical life6 ,a lively & enlight5$ 
fai?1 a solid & f]v5t piety1 & a sup]ior
 m9d1 conv9c$ him t s9ce ! "t ( !       
abasem5t ( ! ,son ( ,god1 humiliation is
 honorable1 & adds to ! spl5dor ( !     
highe/ dignities2 a tru? :i* is n       
und]/ood by p]sons ( little fai?1 by !  
pr\d1 ! indev\t1 & ^? ( little m9d4     
,?is great c>d9al respect$ ,francis z   
mu* z he lov$ him2 look+ ^u him z a man 
s5t d[n f heav54 ,8 pres5ce 0 a s\rce ( 

pleasure to him1 & he (t5 admitt$1 z !  
above-quot$ au?or /ates1 t f ! "t he _h 
made acqua9tance ) ?is holy man1 z soon 
z he saw him & he>d him speak1 all t    
caus$ 9 him uneas9ess ( m9d1 or grief at
 he>t 0 dispell$2 8 c\nt5ance became    
s]5e1 & 8 s\l 0 fill$ ) f]vor4          
,francis1 on 8 side1 _h great v5]ation =
 ! c>d9al4 ,he insi/$ on 8 bre?r5       
consid]+ him z ! ,pa/or ( ! ,flock1 &1 )
 an atta*m5t z t5d] z t ( an infant =   
its "m's brea/1 he gave him 9 all ?+s   
m>ks ( ! pr(\nde/ def]5ce4 ,"o day1 he>+
 t he 0 ab\t to receive a visit f him he
 ran away & hid himself 9 ! ?icke/ "p ( 
! wood4 ,! c>d9al _h him s\ght =1 & w5t 
himself 9 se>* = him4 ,hav+ f\nd him he 
ask$ ,francis z 8 fri5d to tell :y he   
avoid$ him4 ,my ,"l & my ,fa!r1 answ]$ !
 humble ,francis1 z soon z ,i knew t y\r
 ,gr&eur int5d$ to honor me ) y\r       
pres5ce1 me :o am ! poore/ & ! mo/      
despicable ( m51 ,i 0 cov]$ ) confusion1
 & ,i blu%$ at ! ?\ght ( my bas5ess1    
f9d+ myself :olly unwor?y to receive s  

di/+ui%$ an honor1 = ,i truly rev]e y z 
my ,"l & my ,fa!r4 ,^! feel+s 7 p>tly   
ow+ to a vision he _h1 :i* reveal$ to   
him t ?is c>d9al w\ld be ,pope2 he      
=etold x to him1--?is is record$ by ,/4 
,bonav5ture2 & 9 ! private lett]s :i* he
 wrote to him1 he put on ! head+3 ,to my
 ,rev]5d ,fa!r & ,"l ,ugol9o1 :o is "o  
day to be ! ,bi%op ( ! :ole _w1 & !     
,fa!r ( all nations4  ,! respectful     
gratitude ( ! ,fri>s ,m9or requir$ t we 
%\ld ins]t all ^! anecdotes 9 memory (  
,c>d9al ,ugol9o1 :o honor$ ! holy       
,patri>* ( 8 ,ord]1 z well z t ( ,/4    
,cl>e1 ) 8 affection1 8 protection1 & 8 
lib]ality1 & :o surpass$ all 8 =m]      
favors t5 ye>s aft]w>ds1 :5 he 0 ,pope  
"u ! "n ( ,gregory ,,ix4  ,:5 ,francis  
_h obta9$ f ! ,pope s p[]ful a          
protector1 & _h put 8 v>i\s affairs 9   
ord]1 he set out on 8 return to ,/4 ,m>y
 ( ! ,angels1 b he sp5t ! rema9d] ( !   
ye> 9 ! ,valley ( ,rieti1 :]e he p]=m$  
_m wond]ful ?+s1 ( :i* "o ( 8 companions
 has giv5 a v ample acc\nt4  ,at        

,grecio1 or ,grec*ia1 a v dissolute t[n 
9 :i* he fir/ prea*$1 no "o frequ5t$ !  
,sacram5ts2 no "o li/5$ to ! ,^w ( ,god1
 & m>riages )9 ! prohibit$ degrees 7 (  
ord9>y occurr5ce4--,by ^w & example he  
urg$ !m to rep5tance & made su* an      
impression t !y entreat$ him to make "s 
bro!rs /ay among !m4 ,he will+ly agre$  
to d s1 9 ! hope ( _! conv]sion1 :i*    
took place 9 a %ort "t2 mean:ile he     
retir$ to a m\nta91 f :5ce he came to   
,grecio & o!r places to prea*4  ,on     
return+ "o day f ,cotanello1 a neighbor+
 t[n1 & n be+ able to f9d ! way to !    
m\nta91 he ask$ a f>m] to be 8 guide4   
,?is man excus+ himself1 say+ t !re 7   
wolves 9 t direction t committ$ great   
havoc1 ,francis promis$ him1 & pl$g$    
himself z 8 surety1 t he %\ld n be      
attack$ by any wolf ei!r 9 go+ or com+  
back2 he f\nd t ! ,sa9t 0 correct1 =1 9 
return+1 two wolves :i* 7 9 ! way1 play$
 ) him z dogs d1 & foll[$ him to 8 h\se 
)\t do+ him any h>m4 ,! f>m] report$ ?is
 ov] all 8 neighborhood1 & said t1      

assur$ly1 ! man to :om he _h s]v$ z     
guide1 mu/ be a great favorite ) ,god1  
:o gave him su* absolute comm& ov] !    
wolves4 ,^u ?is !y assembl$ 9 great     
numb]s1 & came to ! ,man ( ,god1        
entreat+ him to deliv] !m f _!          
calamities4  ,two sorts ( calamities    
bore h>d ^u !m1 says ,/4 ,bonav5ture1   
wolves & hail4 ,! wolves 7 s rav5\s 9 ! 
environs ( ,grecio1 t !y dev\r$ bo?     
cattle & m52 & ! hail fell e ye> 9 su*  
quantity & ( su* l>ge size1 t _! crops (
 corn 7 de/roy$1 & _! v9ey>ds sorely    
damag$4 ,francis prea*$ on ?is subject1 
& po9t$ out to !m t sc\rges ( ?is nature
 7 ! puni%m5t ( s92 & he end$ by say+3  
,= ! honor & = ! glory ( ,god1 ,i pl$ge 
my ^w to y1 t if y *oose to give cr$it  
to :at ,i say1 & h pity on y\r own s\ls1
 by mak+ a good confession1 & %[+ wor?y 
fruits ( rep5tance1 ,god w look ^u y ) a
 favorable eye2 w deliv] y f y\r        
calamities1 & r5d] y\r c\ntry abundant 9
 all sorts ( good ?+s4 ,b ,i also decl>e
 to y t if y are ungrateful = ^!        

b5efits1 if1 l ! dog1 y return to !     
vomit1 ,god w be /ill m irritat$ aga9/  
y1 & y w feel ! effects !re( tw(old by !
 fre% afflictions ,he w !n s5d4 ,!y     
believ$ ! prea*]1 & did p5ance2 f t     
mom5t ! sc\rges ceas$2 no?+ m 0 he>d (  
wolves1 & !re 0 no m hail2 &1 :at seem$ 
mo/ rem>kable1 cont9ues ,/4 ,bonav5ture1
 01 t :5 x hail$ 9 ! vic9ity1 ! cl\d1 on
 ne>+ _! l&s1 ei!r /opp$ or w5t (f 9    
ano!r direction4 ,?is la/$ z long z ^? p
 rema9$ fai?ful to ,god4  ,f\r au?ors1 9
 diff]5t c5turies1 :o h writt5 ! hi/ory 
( ! ,valley ( ,rieti1 assure u1 t :5    
dissolut5ess recomm5c$ 9 t c\ntry1 !    
wolves return$ & made great havoc4      
,wad+1 :o wrote 9 ,italy 9 ! #ag?       
c5tury1 says1 t ! inhabitants ( ! valley
 admitt$ ?is to be ! case4 ,x is c]ta9  
by ! te/imony ( ! ,holy ,scriptures1 t !
 s9s ( ! p call d[n n unfrequ5tly !     
sc\rges ( ! wra? ( ,god1 :i* may be     
av]t$ by rep5tance1 or be r5d]$ useful  
to salvation4 ,b h[ _m afflict$ s9n]s   
are !re1 ( :om x may be said ) !        

prophet3 ,o ,"l1 ,?\ ha/ /ruck !m1 & !y 
h n griev$2 ,?\ ha/ bruis$ !m1 & !y h   
refus$ to receive correction2 !y h made 
_! faces h>d] ?an ! rock1 & !y h refus$ 
to return4  ,a knight1 ^: "n 0 ,john    
,velita1 :o 0 conv]t$ by ! prea*+ (     
,francis1 became 8 intimate fri5d1 & us$
 (t5 to g to see him & consult him 9 8  
hut1 :i* 0 made ( ! bran*es ( two l>ge  
hornbeams int]tw9$4 ,z he 0 an eld]ly   
man1 & v corpul5t1 :om ! /eepness ( !   
road greatly fatigu$1 he begg$ ,francis 
to come ne>] to ! t[n3 ?is w\ld be      
agreeable to all1 & he (f]$ to build him
 a conv5t on any spot he %\ld select4 ,!
 ,s]vant ( ,god ass5t$ to ! proposal1 &1
 smil+1 promis$ ! knight n to settle    
f>!r f ! t[n ?an ! di/ance to :i* a *ild
 c\ld ?r[ a light$ br&4 ,^u ?is !y w5t  
toge!r d[n ! m\nta91 & :5 !y rea*$ !    
gates ( ,grecio1 ! knight s5t ! fir/    
*ild he met to fet* a light$ br&1 &     
desir$ him to ?r[ x z f> z he c\ld1 n   
?9k+ he c\ld ?r[ x v f>4 ,b ! *ild1 ) a 
/r5g? surpass+ t ( m51 ?rew ! br& to a  

di/ance ( m ?an a mile1 & x fell on a   
hill belong+ to ! knight1 & set fire to 
! wood :i* cov]$ x1 & lit at l5g? on a v
 /ony spot4 ,?is prodigy made x cle> t  
,god desir$ t a conv5t %\ld be built    
!re1 & x 0 cut out ( ! rock4 ,! oratory1
 ! dormitory1 & ! refectory1 :i* are    
/ill extant1 on ! gr\nd floor1 are only 
?irty feet long by six broad2 preci\s   
rema9s1 :i* %[ u ! love ( pov]ty :i*    
plann$ !m4  ,! ,sa9t f\nd$ ?ree o!r     
e/abli%m5ts 9 ! ,valley ( ,rieti1 at ,/4
 ,m>y ( ! ,woods1 at ,monte ,rani]o1 or 
,monte ,columba1 & at ,pui ,buscone4 ,^!
 f\r h\ses1 :i* are situat$ on em95ces  
on ! f\r sides ( ! valley1 =m$ toge!r a 
cross4 ,9 ea* ( !m1 z 9 ! ,t[n ( ,rieti1
 & all ar\nd ! lake :i* surr\nds x1     
traces are %[n ( sev]al miracles :i* 7  
p]=m$ by ! man ( ,god4  ,he return$ to  
,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels 9 ! ,mon? (        
,janu>y1 #abah1 & he det]m9$ ^u convok+ 
a g5]al *apt]1 :i* he proclaim$ by      
circul> lett]s1 to be held on           
,:itsuntide ( ! ye> #abai1 9 ord] t he  

might be made acqua9t$ ) ! /ate ( !     
missions intru/$ to 8 disciples1 & t he 
might s5d mission>ies into p>ts :]e !re 
_h hi!rto be5 none4  ,:ile he 0 ?us     
occupi$ by 8 important projects = !     
salvation ( s\ls1 ,god1 9 ord] to prev5t
 any emotions ( pride /eal+ into 8 he>t1
 & to ma9ta9 9 him a pr(\nd humility1 0 
pleas$ to p]mit t he %\ld be attack$ by 
a viol5t temptation2 x 0 an extraord9>y 
depression ( spirits1 :i* la/$ sev]al   
days4 ,he made e ef=t to surm\nt x by 8 
pray]s & 8 te>s2 & "o day :5 he 0 pray+ 
) m ?an ord9>y f]vor1 a cele/ial voice  
said to him3 ,francis1 if ?\ had/ ! fai?
 ( a gra9 ( mu/>d-se$1 & ?\ w]t to say  
to ?is m\nta91 g ?i!r f h5ce1 x w\ld g4 
,n und]/&+ ! mean+ ( ^! words1 he ask$  
:at is ! m\nta92 & he 0 answ]$3 ,!      
m\nta9 is ! temptation4 ,he imm$iately  
repli$1 weep+ & humbl+ himself3 ,"l1 ,?y
 w be done4 ,& f t mom5t ! temptation   
ceas$1 & 8 m9d became p]fectly at ease4 
,! ye> #abah 0 divid$ betwe5 ! /ay he   
made at ,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels1 = !       

in/ruction ( 8 bre?r51 & "s excursions  
he made to ,m\nt ,alv]nia & to "s o!r   
places1 :]e new dwell+s 7 made ov] to   
him4 ,8 r\te 0 always m>k$ by ! fruits (
 8 prea*+1 & by ! spl5dor ( 8 miracles4 
,pass+ by ,montaigu1 above ! ,valley (  
,caprese1 be=e a ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,paul1 :i* 
0 be+ repair$1 & see+ t two ( ! masons  
c\ld n succe$ 9 lift+ a /one1 :i* 0 to  
be plac$ z a jamb = ! door1 8 compassion
 & zeal induc$ him to lift x & place x z
 requir$1 :i* he did alone1 & ) a /r5g? 
:i* 0 n t ( a mortal4 ,! ,abbot ( !     
,mona/]y ( ,/4 ,ju/91 9 ! ,diocese (    
,p]ugia1 met him1 & alight$ f 8 horse to
 complim5t him1 & to speak to him on "s 
matt]s ( consci5ce4 ,aft] a conv]sation 
replete ) unction1 ! abbot1 recomm5d$   
himself humbly to 8 pray]s4 ,francis    
repli$3 ,i w pray ) all my he>t2 & !y   
p>t$4 ,at a little di/ance f !nce1 !    
,sa9t said to 8 companion3 ,wait a      
little1 bro!r1 ,i w "h p]=m my promise4 
,he knelt to pray2 & :ile he 0 s do+1 ! 
abbot1 :o 0 rid+ on1 felt 8 m9d inflam$ 

) a suavity ( devotion1 su* z he _h nev]
 be=e exp]i5c$4 ,he /opp$1 & ! vivid    
impressions ) :i* ,god favor$ him1 ?rew 
him into an ec/asy4 ,b :5 he came to    
himself aga91 he became aw>e t x 0      
entirely ow+ to ! pray]s ( ,francis4    
,on 8 return f 8 la/ j\rney 9 #abah1 :i*
 0 mu* long] ?an any ( ! o!rs _h be51   
,francis f\nd t ano!r build+1 l>ge &    
commodi\s1 _h be5 erect$ 9 8 abs5ce1    
close to ! ,portiuncula conv5t4         
,displeas$ at see+ ?is infr+em5t ( !    
rules ( holy pov]ty1 he took "s ( 8     
bre?r5 ) him1 & w5t on ! ro(1 to beg9 to
 break x d[n1 :i* he c]ta9ly w\ld h     
c>ri$ ?r\gh1 _h n "s ( ! p f ,assisi1 :o
 7 !re1 in=m$ him t ! build+ belong$ to 
! t[n2 t x _h be5 built by !m = ! =eign 
religi\s1 :o daily arriv$ !re1 x be+    
di%onorable to ! t[n to see !m compell$1
 9 consequ5ce ( ! want ( room 9 !       
conv5t1 to sleep outside1 & ev5 9 !     
fields2 t ! t[n _h de/9$ ?is build+ = _!
 accommodation1 & t !y w\ld be receiv$  
!re 9 its "n4 ,on he>+ ?is he came d[n1 

& said3--,if t1 !n1 is y\r h\se1 ,i     
leave x1 & %all n m$dle ) x2 we %all h  
no?+ to d ) x1 nei!r myself nor my      
bre?r52 take c>e ( x y\rselves4 ,x 0    
decid$ 9 consequ5ce by a delib]ation ( !
 municipality1 t ! magi/rates %\ld      
provide = ! repairs4     ,,book ,,iii   
,! "t ( ! g5]al *apt] drew ne>1 ( t     
*apt] :i* became s celebrat$ by ! numb] 
( religi\s :i* att5d$ x1 & by _m o!r    
m>vell\s circum/ances4 ,be=e its        
assembl+1 ! holy ,patri>* propos$ to g  
to ,p]ugia1 to conf] ) ! c>d9al         
protector1 :o 0 liv+ !re1 on ! affairs (
 ! ,ord]4 ,wad+ /ates1 on good au?ority1
 t ,/4 ,dom9ic 0 !re at ! same "t1 & t  
!y _h sev]al delib]ations toge!r ) !    
c>d9al1 :o _h a l e/eem = bo?4  ,"o day 
:5 !y 7 9 s]i\s conv]sation on ! affairs
 ( ! ,*ur*1 ! c>d9al ask$ !m :e!r !y    
%\ld consid] x advisable = "s ( _!      
memb]s to be rais$ to ecclesia/ical     
dignities2 =1 said he1 ,i am p]suad$ t  
!y w\ld h no less zeal = ! glory ( ,god 
& ! salvation ( s\ls1 ?an ^? bi%ops ( ! 

e>ly ages ( ! ,*ur*1 :o1 al?\gh 9 great 
pov]ty1 animat$ by ard5t *>ity1 f$ _!   
flocks ) salut>y in/ructions & ! example
 ( a good life4  ,aft] a conte/ (       
humility betwe5 ! two patri>*s1 z to :o 
%\ld speak fir/1 ,dom9ic1 urg$ by       
,francis to take ! lead1 said to        
him3--,y excel me 9 humility1 & ,i w    
excel y 9 ob$i5ce4 ,he !n gave ! c>d9al 
?is answ]3--,my "l1 my bre?r5 may well  
consid] !mselves z hold+ a v elevat$    
rank4 ,:at is !re m honorable ?an tea*+ 
o!rs f ! ,evangelical pulpit8 ,:at %\ld 
well-?9k+ m9ds desire m ?an to be       
employ$ 9 def5ce ( ! fai?1 & to combat !
 enemies ( ! ,*ur*8 ,= ?is reason ,i    
/r5u\sly desire t my bre?r5 may rema9 z 
!y are1 & ,i w keep !m s z long z ,i c4 
,francis made ! foll[+ reply3--,my "l1  
my bre?r5 h receiv$ ! appellation (     
,m9ors1 9 ord] t !y might nev] h !      
presumption to become great4 ,if x be   
y\r int5tion t !y %all be> fruit 9 !    
,*ur*1 leave !m 9 _! vocation1 & nev]   
p]mit !m to be rais$ to prelatures4  ,! 

c>d9al 0 greatly edifi$ by _! answ]s1 & 
highly comm5d$ ! humility ( _! op9ions1 
b he did n !re=e *ange 8 views4 ,he     
?\ght1 on ! contr>y1 t su* m9i/]s w\ld  
be mo/ useful 9 ! ,*ur*1 consid]+ !     
corruption ( ! times4  ,! ,*ur* has s9ce
 foll[$ ! op9ion ( ?is em95t dignit>y1  
hav+ made _m bi%ops & c>d9als f ! two   
ord]s1 & sev]al h be5 ev5 elevat$ to !  
sov]eign pontificate4  ,b ! ,fri>s      
,prea*]s & ! ,fri>s ,m9or1 :o h pres]v$ 
! _s ( _! vocation1 h nev] _h any o!r   
feel+s ?an ^? ( _! holy patri>*s on !   
subject ( ecclesia/ical dignities4 ,!y h
 refus$ !m z long z !y c\ld1 & ^? :o h  
accept$ !m1 h be5 compell$ to d s by    
sup]ior au?ority1 :i* !y c\ld n be      
disp5s$ f obey+4  ,bro!r ,leo1 !        
companion & confessor ( ,/4 ,francis1 :o
 0 at ,p]ugia1 & :o assi/$ at all !     
conf]5ces1 says1 t !y spoke mu* on !    
propagation ( ! fai? & ! salvation (    
s\ls2 t1 hav+ made reciprocal inquiries 
into ! peculi>ities ( _! respective     
ord]s1 ,dom9ic propos$ to ,francis to   

unite !m1 & make b "o ord]1 9 ord] t !  
diff]5ce ( ! ,in/itute %\ld n divide ^? 
:om ! intimate fri5d%ip ( _! fa!rs _h   
closely unit$4 ,to ?is proposition      
,francis repli$3--,my de> bro!r1 x has  
be5 ,god's w t our ord]s %\ld be        
diff]5t1 ! "o m au/]e ?an ! o!r1 9 ord] 
to _! be+ by ?is v>iety bett] adapt$ to 
human infirmity1 & to give an           
opportunity to su* z c\ld n be> a life (
 v great au/]ity to embrace "o :i* 0    
some:at mild]4 ,leo adds1 t !y took /eps
 = ma9ta9+ p]man5t agreem5t betwe5 ! two
 ord]s2 &1 aft] hav+ mutually prais$ _! 
congregations1 !y recomm5d$ to _!       
companions :o 7 pres5t1 reciprocal      
respect & fri5d%ip = ea* o!r2 t ,dom9ic 
reque/$ ,francis to give him 8 girdle1  
:i* 0 a cord ) l>ge knots2 &1 hav+      
obta9$ x aft] _m entreaties1 he wore x  
dur+ ! rema9d] ( 8 life "u 8 habit1 z a 
bond & p]petual symbol ( ! *>ity :i* s  
intimately unit$ !m4  ,francis hav+     
discuss$ ) ! c>d9al protector all !     
affairs ( 8 ,ord]1 left ,p]ugia to      

return to ,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels4 ,z he   
disc\rs$ on ! road ) 8 companion ,leo1  
on ! virtue ( humility & entire         
abnegation ( self1 he said 9 a mom5t (  
f]vor3  ,my de> bro!r1 ,i d n believe   
myself to be a ,fri> ,m9or1 &1 9 tru?1  
,i am n "o1 unless ,i c be> humbly & )  
entire tranquillity ( m9d1 all t c\ld   
happ5 to me "u circum/ances :i* ,i c    
figure to myself4 ,i suppose1 !n1 t my  
bre?r5 came to seek me1 ) great respect 
& confid5ce1 to assi/ at ! g5]al *apt]  
:i* is ab\t to be hold51 & solicit me to
 prea* at x4 ,if1 aft] hav+ exhort$ !m 9
 su* t]ms z ,god %all h inspir$ me1 !y 7
 to rise up aga9/ me1 & manife/ op5ly t 
!y hold me 9 av]sion1 say+3--',we w no  
long] h y to gov]n u2 we are a%am$ (    
hav+ su* a man z y at our head1 :o has  
nei!r le>n+ nor eloqu5ce1 :o is simple &
 ignorant1 ) v little prud5ce &         
exp]i5ce2 !re=e1 9 future1 d n h !      
arrogance to call y\rself our sup]ior4' 
,if !y 7 to put o!r affronts ^u me1 & to
 drive me ignom9i\sly f ! assembly1 ,i  

%\ld n consid] myself to be a true      
religi\s1 unless ,i 7 to receive all ?is
 z pati5tly & ) equal s]5ity ( c\nt5ance
 z ,i %\ld receive ^? :o w\ld load me ) 
praise & honor4  ,to ?is he add$3       
,assur$ly1 places ( honor are v dang]\s 
to salvation1 n only f ! va+lory :i* is 
to be fe>$1 b likewise f ! gov]nm5t1 :i*
 is v difficult2 :]eas1 9 opprobrium1   
!re is no?+ b m]it to be acquir$4 ,if ,i
 am remov$ f ! head%ip1 ,i %all be      
exempt f be+ acc\ntable to ,god = a     
great numb] ( s\ls4 ,prelature is a     
/ation ( dang]1 & praise br+s "o to ! v 
edge ( ! precipice4 ,9 an humble1 l[ly  
/ation1 !re is mu* to be ga9$4 ,:y1 !n1 
d we look to & pref] :at is dang]\s to  
:at has s mu* m spiritual advantage1    
s9ce x is = ?is t "t is giv5 to u8 ,^!  
are s5tim5ts :i* %\ld be well consid]$  
by p]sons 9 e /ation ( life1 :e!r !y    
aspire to honors1 or fe> ! los+ ( !m4 ,!
 pr(\nd humility ( ,/4 ,francis does n  
admit ( a d\bt ( 8 hav+ gone ?r\gh !    
trial :i* he "h supposes2 & ev5 9 putt+ 

x ?us hypo!tically1 he /r5g!n$ 9 8 m9d !
 virtue requisite = support+ x 9        
reality4 ,^! sorts ( suppositions1 :i*  
might be /umbl+-blocks to ! weak1 are v 
useful to ^? :o aspire to p]fect        
humility4  ,! ,fri>s ,m9or assembl$ = ! 
g5]al *apt] ( _! ,ord] at ! ,conv5t (   
,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels1 or ,portiuncula1  
ne> ,assisi1 at ! ,fea/ ( ,p5teco/1 & _!
 numb] exce$$ five ?\s&4 ,?is           
circum/ance is truly amaz+1 p>ticul>ly  
:5 x is recollect$ t "s rema9$ 9 _!     
respective conv5ts2 t ! ,ord] _h only   
exi/$ t5 ye>s s9ce its in/itution2 & t !
 novices _h always be5 admitt$ by !     
,f\nd] himself1 except s9ce ! *apt] ( ! 
ye> #abaf1 :5 he _h giv5 ! prov9cial    
m9i/]s p[] to receive !m4 ,x is         
nev]!less c]ta91 t m ?an five ?\s&      
,fri>s ,m9or assi/$ at ?is celebrat$    
*apt]3 ! fact is atte/$ by f\r ( ,/4    
,francis' companions1 :o 7 pres5t at x2 
by ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 :o liv$ ) !m & by _m
 o!rs4  ,:at c be said on ?is subject1  
except t x pleas$ ,god to recall 9 "s   

measure1 by ! rapid e/abli%m5t ( ?is    
,ord]1 ! wond]ful spread ( ! ,gospel by 
! prea*+ ( ! ,apo/les8 ,/4 ,augu/9e says
 t ! ,apo/les 7 z d>k cl\ds f :5ce      
lightn+ & ?und] emanat$2 t1 by _! pov]ty
 & _! simplicity1 !y %one 9 ! eyes ( !  
univ]se2 t1 by ! p[]ful virtue & spl5dor
 ( _! admirable actions1 !y ov]?rew     
ev]y?+ :i* 0 oppos$ to ! empire ( ,jesus
 ,*ri/1 &1 9 a %ort "t1 *ri/ianiz$ ! _w4
 ,may we n also say1 t ,francis & 8     
companions1 m5 poor & simple1 7 a       
repres5tation ( ! ,apo/les2 t ,jesus    
,*ri/ r5d]$ !m p[]ful & em95t 9 words & 
works1 to br+ back s9n]s to ,8 empire1 &
 t by !m1 9 an inconceivably %ort p]iod 
( "t1 an imm5se numb] ( ,apo/olic m5 0  
collect$ & =m$ :o embrac$ ! same        
,in/itute1 9 ord] to ex]cise ! same     
m9i/ry8 ,:at assi/s u 9 compreh5d+ t 9  
t5 ye>s x _h be5 possible to build a    
suffici5t numb] ( h\ses1 to conta9 s _m 
?\s& m5 is1 t !y 7 poor & )\t any       
income4  ,! religi\s ( ?is *apt] 7 lodg$
 9 huts made ( matt+1 erect$ all r\nd ! 

,portiuncula conv5t1 f :i* ?is *apt] has
 be5 call$ ! ,*apt] ( ,mats4 ,!y 7 !re  
sep>at$ f ! _w1 b p]fectly unit$ among  
!mselves1 all lov]s ( wat*+ & fa/+ aft] 
! example ( _! ,fa!r2 zeal\s 9 pray] & 9
 ! recital ( ,psalms1 9 spiritual read+1
 & 9 read9ess to execute all works (    
m]cy1 & hav+ no o!r hope ?an t ( !      
happ9ess ( a future life4  ,c>d9al      
,ugol9o1 z ,protector ( ! ,ord]1 came to
 preside ov] ! *apt]1 & all ! religi\s  
w5t 9 procession be=e him4 ,he op5$ !   
assembly on ,:itsunday ! #bf? ( ,may3 he
 (ficiat$ pontifically1 & prea*$2 & he  
deem$ x 8 "r to inspect ! ranks ( ?is   
holy army ( ! ,"l1 9 :i* he f\nd ev]y?+ 
9 good ord]4 ,^! soldi]s ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 
7 n se5 w&]+ ab\t2 b all 7 collect$ 9   
gr\ps1 a hundr$ 9 "o spot1 sixty 9      
ano!r1 m or less1 & conv]s+ on holy     
subjects1 on _! own salvation1 or on t (
 _! neighb\rs1 & on ! means ( re=m+ !   
morals ( a corrupt _w4 ,! c>d9al1       
delight$ ) s int]e/+ & unusual a sc5e1  
said to ^? :o foll[$ him1 z ,jacob _h :5

 he met ! angels on 8 way3 ,truly1 ?is  
is ! ,camp ( ,god4 ,we might also apply 
to x :at ,balaam c\ld n prev5t himself f
 say+1 :5 he saw ! ,israelites encamp$3 
,h[ beautiful are ?y tab]nacles1 ,o     
,jacob1 & ?y t5ts1 ,o ,israel6          
,francis1 z a g5]al 9 8 camp1 w5t ?r\gh 
all ! t5ts2 he enc\rag$ 8 troops to     
fight valiantly ! battles ( ! ,"l1      
assur+ !m ( receiv+ assi/ance f on high1
 animat+ "s1 & fulfill+ 9 e place !     
duties ( a vigilant *ief4  ,he assembl$ 
all 8 bre?r51 & address$ !m 9 an        
excell5t disc\rse1 ( :i* ! foll[+       
embraces ! subject3 ,we h promis$ great 
?+s2 & we h be5 promis$ great]4 ,let u  
keep ! fir/1 & let u sigh aft] ! o!rs3  
,pleasure is ( %ort duration2 ! p5alty  
is et]nal4 ,suff]+s are light2 glory is 
inf9ite4 ,_m are call$2 b few are *os54 
,ea* "o w receive accord+ to 8 des]ts4  
,on ?is beautiful text he exhort$ !m1 9 
! mo/ =cible & mov+ t]ms1 to ! practice 
( virtue & to ! duties ( a religi\s     
life2 urg+ !m1 above all ?+s1 to        

implicit ob$i5ce to our ,holy ,"m !     
,*ur*1 to a contempt ( ! _w1 to purity (
 m9d & body1 to a love ( holy pov]ty &  
humility1 to *>ity1 to concord &        
mildness1 to cont9u$ wat*fulness1 & to  
an ard5t zeal = ! salvation ( s\ls4 ,he 
recomm5d$ to !m to pray = all ! fai?ful1
 & p>ticul>ly = ! exaltation ( ! ,holy  
,roman ,*ur*1 & = ! b5efactors ( !      
,ord]4 ,aft] :i* he positively =bade !m 
to h any anxiety :atev] = any?+ conc]n+ 
! body1 & he quot$ to !m ^! words ( !   
psalmi/3 ,ca/ ?y c>e ^u ! ,"l & ,he %all
 su/a9 !e4 ,he _h con=m$ /rictly to !   
rule he laid d[n1 = he _h made no       
provision = ! *apt]4  ,/4 ,dom9ic1 :o1  
out ( fri5d%ip = ,/4 ,francis1 _h come )
 six ( 8 companions to ?is assembly & :o
 he>d ?is disc\rse1 0 fe>ful le/ :at he 
said & did 0 p]haps an exagg]ation1 & t 
x might seem to be tempt+ ! ,"l1 if "s  
/eps 7 n tak5 = procur+ food = s great a
 multitude4 ,b he 0 ( a v diff]5t way ( 
?9k+ %ortly aft] :5 he saw arrive f     
,assisi1 ,p]ugia1 ,spello1 ,foligno1    

,spoleto1 & _m m di/ant t[ns1           
ecclesia/ics1 laics1 nobles1 burgesses1 
& p]sons ( e /ate ( life :o br\ght ) !m 
n only :at 0 necess>y = ! subsi/5ce (   
su* va/ numb]s1 b press$ =w>d to s]ve ! 
religi\s !mselves ) an emulation (      
humility & *>ity4  ,s m>k$ an           
int]position ( ,provid5ce 9 behalf ( ^! 
,evangelical poor /ruck ! ,patri>* ( !  
,fri>s ,prea*]s ) a/oni%m5t2 & x is     
believ$ t x sugge/$ to him ! int5tion   
:i* he c>ri$ into execution ! ye> aft]1 
:5 he assembl$ ! fir/ g5]al *apt] ( 8   
ord] at ,bologna1 9 :i* x 0 resolv$ t ! 
,fri>s ,prea*]s %\ld adopt ! sy/em (    
entire pov]ty1 & consid] x z !          
fundam5tal rule ( _! ord]1 r5\nc+ =ev]  
all prop]ty 9 l&1 or rev5ue aris+       
!refrom1 ev5 :at !y _h at ,t\l\se1 :i* !
 ,pope _h confirm$ to !m by 8 fir/ bull4
 ,9 dy+1 he recomm5d$ to !m ?is         
,evangelical pov]ty z ! f\ndation ( _!  
in/itute2 & le/ ?is f\ndation %\ld be   
und]m9$ by ! prud5ce ( ! fle%1 he =bade 
9 ! /ronge/ t]ms1 on pa9 ( ! curse ( !  

,almighty1 & ( 8 also1 ! introduction   
into ! ord] ( any temporal possessions4 
,may ,evangelical pov]ty t made s /rong 
an impression on ! m9d ( ,/4 ,dom9ic    
tea* ! fai?ful nev] to be mi/ru/ful ( ! 
c>e ( ,div9e ,provid5ce6  ,h[ev]1 we are
 n to look =1 or expect miracul\s       
assi/ance2 ?is is n 9 ! ord9>y c\rse (  
,god's disp5sations2 b aft] do+ all t   
dep5ds on ourselves1 provid$ !re be no  
irregul>ity on our "p1 & t our desires  
are )9 ! b\nds ( mod]ation1 )\t any     
impati5ce z to ! ev5t1 we may assure    
ourselves t1 accord+ to ! words ( ! wise
 man3 ,no "o ha? hop$ 9 ! ,"l & ha? be5 
conf\nd$4  ,sev]al prelates1 & o!r      
p]sons ( quality1 :o _h be5 invit$ by   
,c>d9al ,ugol9o to ! ,*apt]1 z to a gr& 
& admirable sight1 _h ! curiosity to    
exam9e ev]y?+ m9utely4 ,!y saw !        
religi\s 9 _! mis]able huts1 co>sely    
dress$1 tak+ b a v small portion (      
n\ri%m5t1 sleep+ on mats spread on ! e>?
 ) a log ( wood = a pill[4 ,!y notic$ at
 ! same "t t !y 7 q calm1 t joy &       

concord 7 univ]sal among/ !m1 & t !y 7  
entirely submissive to _! sa9tly f\nd]4 
,admir+ all ^! ?+s1 !y said to ea* o!r3 
,?is %[s t ! way to heav5 is n>r[1 & t x
 is v difficult = ! ri* to ent] into !  
,k+dom ( ,god4 ,we flatt] ourselves t we
 %all eke out our salvation 9 ! enjoym5t
 ( all ! com=ts ( life1 hav+ our ease 9 
all ?+s1 :ile ^! p1 to save _! s\ls1    
deprive !mselves ( ev]y?+1 mortify _!   
bodies1 & are not)/&+ n )\t great       
appreh5sion4 ,we %\ld l to die z !y w1 b
 we d n *oose to live z !y live4 ,simil>
 reflections conv]t$ a great numb] (    
p]sons1 & m ?an five hundr$ took ! habit
 ( ! ,fri>s ,m9or dur+ ! *apt]4  ,! holy
 ,patri>* f\nd t _m ( 8 religi\s        
submitt$ !mselves to extraord9>y        
mortifications1 :i* ei!r %ort5$ _! days 
or r5d]$ !m useless to ! ,ord] by !     
illnesses :i* 7 ! consequ5ce4 ,he !re=  
publicly =bade !m1 by ! virtue ( holy   
ob$i5ce1 to make use ( su* means1 &     
ord]$ all :o _h coats ( mail1 iron      
girdles1 or o!r in/rum5ts (             

mortification1 to leave !m (f & deliv]  
!m up to him4 ,?is 0 done1 & "s mo/     
extraord9>y modes ( inflict+            
self-puni%m5t 7 discov]$4 ,! numb] (    
coats ( mail & iron girdles :i* 7       
deliv]$ up 7 m ?an five hundr$2 !y 7 put
 into a heap1 & ! ,patri>* ?\ght prop]  
to %[ !m to ! c>d9al & 8 company1 = _!  
edification4 ,!y 7 a/oni%$ on witness+ s
 great a love ( su* p5it5tial au/]ities1
 9 m5 ( su* pure & holy lives4 ,9 _!    
pres5ce he aga9 =bade 8 de> bre?r5      
indiscreet mortifications1 :i* are      
injuri\s to ! body2 repres5t+ to !m t !y
 ei!r ha/5 dea?1 or ?r[ ! body into su* 
a /ate ( languor & weakness1 z makes x  
unfit = spiritual ex]cises1 or an       
imp$im5t to ! practice ( good works4    
,oh1 =tunate & happy times1 :5 x 0      
necess>y to *eck su* fail+s6  ,god made 
kn[n to ,francis1 9 a revelation he _h  
dur+ ! sitt+ ( ! *apt]1 t ! ,pr9ce (    
,d>kness1 al>m$ at ! f]vor ( ! new      
,ord]1 _h collect$ ?\s&s ( demons1 to   
conc]t toge!r on ! means ( br++ x to    

ru92 & t "o ( !m1 m a/ute ?an ! re/1 _h 
put =? an op9ion :i* x _h be5 decid$    
%\ld be act$ ^u4 ,x 01 n to attack !    
,fri>s ,m9or op5ly1 b to h rec\rse to   
artifice2 to induce !m to receive into  
_! society nobles1 le>n$ m51 & y\?s4    
,nobles1 9 ord] by _! means to introduce
 effem9acy 9 :i* !y _h be5 br\ght up2   
le>n$ m51 :o1 pr\d ( _! le>n+1 %\ld h a 
contempt = humility2 & y\?s1 :o1 be+    
weak & delicate1 w\ld greatly relax 9 ! 
regul> discipl9e4  ,religion tea*es u t 
!re are demons1 & t !y are subord9ate "o
 to ! o!r2 t ,god1 :5 x pleases ,him1   
p]mits !m to tempt mank9d1 & ev5 torm5t 
!m corporally2 & ,/4 ,paul speaks ( !   
,pr9ce ( ! p[]s ( ?is air4 ,we "k :at   
,satan did to holy ,job2 & :at our ,"l  
said to ,/4 ,pet]3 ,satan ha? desir$ to 
h y1 t he might sift y z :eat2 & :at ,he
 /at$ else:]e3 ,:5 an unclean _s is gone
 out ( a man1 he take? ) him sev5       
spirits m wick$ ?an himself1 & !y ent] 9
 & dwell !re4 ,?us we ne$ h no          
difficulty 9 believ+ t ! pr9ce ( d>kness

 _h collect$ su* a numb] ( demons aga9/ 
,/4 ,francis & 8 ,in/itute4 ,/4 ,gregory
 says1 t !y attack ) great] viol5ce ^? 9
 :om !y f9d a great] disposition to     
hol9ess1 & t ! pr9cipal demons are      
employ$ 9 ! attacks on ! brave/ soldi]s 
( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,:at mu/ be ! wra? ( ^! 
malignant spirits aga9/ ! apo/olical m51
 ^: lives are :olly employ$ 9 effect+ ! 
salvation ( s\ls6  ,francis _h already  
be5 made aw>e by ! words ( a "y female  
:o 0 possess$1 z ,/4 ,bonav5ture        
relates1 t ! devils1 irritat$ by !      
injury he did !m1 _h assembl$ aga9/ him1
 & !n he m]ely said1 z ,paul did3 ,i am 
! /rong]4 ,b he 0 al>m$ :5 he le>nt f   
,god ,himself ! increase ( _! rage4 ,he 
retir$ = two days to an oratory to pray 
= grace to be able to escape f _! sn>es1
 & t he might be protect$ by good       
angels4 ,8 pray] gave him fre% c\rage2  
he return$ to ! *apt]1 & address$ 8     
bre?r5 ) en]gy on ! wat*fulness ) :i* x 
0 incumb5t on !m to "w out _! salvation1
 )\t plac+ too mu* reliance on ! hol9ess

 ( _! /ate ( life1 f :i* !y mu/ be      
appreh5sive le/ !y %\ld fall (f by !    
ma*9ations ( _! enemy4 ,y "k1 he said1 !
 examples we h2 ,satan fell f ,heav51 & 
drew ) him a numb] ( ! angels2 he caus$ 
,adam & ,eve to be driv5 f ,p>adise2 he 
pray$ to be all[$ to sift ! ,apo/les z  
:eat is sift$2 & he did s ) su* effect1 
t "o ( !m betray$ 8 ,ma/]1 ano!r d5i$   
,him1 & all fl$ :5 ,he 0 captur$4  ,!   
,sa9t !n expla9$ to !m :at ,god _h made 
kn[n to him ( ! designs ( ! devil2 & 9  
ord] t ! enemy's malignity might fall on
 himself1 he w>n$ !m to pay m att5tion 9
 ! reception ( advices to ! s5tim5ts ( !
 m9d ?an to ! advantages ( bir?2 to be v
 c>eful t ! le>n$ :om !y %\ld admit1    
%\ld be devoid ( pride1 & 7 fit to edify
 o!rs by _! humility1 & to be c>eful t  
su* z jo9$ !m 9 ! fl[] ( y\?1 %\ld be   
in=m$ ( all t !y w\ld h to practice 9   
future4  ,= ! holy man did n ?9k x      
requisite1 9 consequ5ce ( ,satan's      
malice1 to prohibit noblem5 f jo9+ 8    
,ord]1 s9ce _! example has great        

influ5ce1 & ! elevat$ s5tim5ts :i* are  
f\nd 9 t class1 r5d] !m m fit to d great
 ?+s = ! s]vice ( ,god4 ,he did n wi% to
 drive away ! le>n$1 s9ce le>n+ is      
necess>y = ! ex]cise ( ! functions (    
religion1 & s9ce ^? m5 :o jo9 ! k ( s\nd
 doctr9e to an ,evangelical life1 are   
mo/ in/ructive tea*]s 9 ! ,*ur*1 = !    
dissipation ( error & ! e/abli%m5t (    
virtue4 ,he also desir$ t !y %\ld       
receive su* "y m5 z %\ld pres5t !mselves
 9 ! t5d]e/ age1 because x is good = man
 to be> ! yoke f 8 y\?3 to leave ! _w1  
be=e hav+ any k ( x1 except ?r\gh !     
lights ( ! ,*ur*1 & to (f] !mselves z   
pure victims1 r ?an to br+ to ,him !    
rema9s ( a he>t /a9$ by ! passions2 &1  
moreov]1 our ,savi\r said to ,8         
disciples1 :o turn$ away ! *ildr5 :o    
came to ,him3 ,suff] !m1 & =bid !m n to 
come to me4 ,we "k t !re are 9 ! _w     
c5sori\s p :o condemn ! cu/om ( p]mitt+ 
"y p]sons to ent] into a religi\s /ate2 
x w\ld be easy to %[1 if x 7 n = fe> (  
r5d]+ ?is "w too volum9\s1 t _! argum5ts

 are bas$ on a sup]ficial f\ndation1 &  
are contr>y to ! maxims ( ,*ri/ianity2  
we !re=e cont5t ourselves ) say+ t at ! 
,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 :i* 0 guid$ by ! ,_s ( 
tru? 9 its discipl9e1 z well z 9 its    
dogmas & morality1 p]mission 0 giv5 to  
p]sons ( ei!r sex1 to make pr(ession z a
 religi\s at ! full age ( sixte52 t rule
 is au?oriz$ by ! ord9ances ( all       
,*ri/ian pr9ces1 & x !re=e seems v      
extraord9>y t any individuals %\ld be   
ra% en\gh to oppose _! private op9ions  
to s respectable an au?ority4  ,francis1
 :o 0 desir\s ( enc\rag+ ! f]vor ( 8    
disciples1 appris$ !m ( :at !y _h to    
fe>1 & anticipat$ ! smalle/ incl9ations 
to pride 9 !m1 by salut>y humiliations4 
,! c>d9al protector hav+ "o day prea*$  
be=e all ! religi\s ( ! *apt]1 & hav+   
conclud$ 8 s]mon by be/[+ on !m         
consid]able praise1 ! holy ,patri>* ask$
 8 p]mission to address ! audi5ce4 ,he  
=etold to !m1 & repres5t$ 9 lively      
colors1 all t 0 to happ5 to ! ,ord]2 !  
temptations to :i* !y 7 to be expos$2 ! 

tribulations !y 7 to suff]2 ! *anges t  
w\ld be br\ght 91 & _! decl9e4 ,he      
reproa*$ !m ) _! laxity1 & ) _! want (  
f]vor 9 coop]at+ ) ! peculi> graces !y  
_h receiv$ f ,god2 he spoke s           
en]getically1 t1 9 c5sur+ _! fooli%     
obsequi\sness1 if su* a fault !y _h1 he 
cov]$ !m ) confusion4 ,! c>d9al 0       
some:at mortifi$1 & said3--,pray1 :y1   
bro!r1 did y ga9say me1 sett+ !         
imp]fections ( y\r bre?r5 9 opposition  
to ! praises ,i _h giv5 !m8 ,my "l & my 
fa!r1 answ]$ ,francis1 ,i did s1 9 ord] 
to pres]ve ! sub/ance ( y\r praise4 ,i 0
 appreh5sive t su* praise be+ giv5 by a 
p]son ( y\r exalt$ rank1 might inspire  
vanity into ! m9ds ( ^? 9 :om humility  
has n z yet ?r[n out deep roots4 ,?is   
af=ds great matt] = reflection = ^?     
virtu\s p]sons :o volunt>ily receive    
praise1 at lea/ :5 x is artfully        
adm9i/]$2 & = indiscreet flatt]]s1 :o   
expose virtue to a dang]\s trial4  ,:at 
occurr$ on ! foll[+ day1 %[$ t ! holy   
man _h receiv$ f ,god ! p]fect means (  

appreciat+ m5's m9ds4 ,bro!r ,elias1 :o 
0 ! prov9cial = ,tuscany2 ,bro!r ,john (
 ,/ra*ia1 :o 0 prov9cial = ,bologna1 &  
sev]al o!rs came to ! c>d9al protector &
 entreat$ him to tell ,francis1 z f     
himself1 t he ought to li/5 to ! advice 
( 8 bre?r51 among :om !re 7 _m le>n$ m51
 fully capable ( gov]n+2 p>ticul>ly z he
 himself 0 a simple & unread man1 ^: ill
 heal? did n p]mit him to br+ _! affairs
 into good ord]4 ,!y add$1 t respect    
ought to be paid to ! anci5t rules ( ,/4
 ,basil1 ( ,/4 ,augu/9e1 & ( ,/4        
,b5$ict1 & t ,m9ors %\ld n diff] s      
widely by a new rule & excessive        
sev]ity1 z if !y wi%$ to be bett] ?an _!
 fa!rs4  ,! c>d9al took 8 "t1 & !n      
propos$ all ^! ?+s to ,francis1 z maxims
 :i* he deem$ good = ! gov]nm5t ( !     
,ord]4 ,! ,sa9t be+ imm$iately made aw>e
 by ! ,_s ( ,god1 t ^! ?+s 7 sugge/$ by 
o!rs1 rose up f ! place 9 :i* he _h be5 
seat$ ) ! c>d9al1 took him respectfully 
by ! h&1 & l$ him to ! bre?r5 :o 7      
assembl$ 9 *apt]1 & said3  ,my bre?r51  

my bre?r51 ,god has call$ me by ! way ( 
simplicity & humility1 9 ord] t ,i might
 foll[ ! folly ( ! cross3 x is = ,8     
glory & my confusion1 & = ! security (  
y\r consci5ces ,i am ab\t to tell y :at 
,he said to me3--',francis1' ,he said1  
',i desire t y may be 9 ! _w a new      
little idiot1 :o %all prea* by ?y       
actions & by ?y disc\rses ! folly ( !   
cross4 ,d ?\ & ?9e foll[ me only1 & n   
any o!r mann] ( life4' ,speak n to me   
!re=e ( any o!r rule1 he add$1 = ,i %all
 n foll[1 nor prescribe any o!r ?an t   
:i* ,god has 9 ,8 m]cy giv5 me2 ^? :o   
sw]ve f x1 ,i fe>1 w feel ! ,div9e      
v5geance1 & w be cov]$ ) confusion1 :5  
at l5g? !y %all be oblig$ once m to ent]
 into ?is pa?1 :i* ,god has %[n me4  ,!n
 address+ himself to ! c>d9al1 he       
said3--,my "l1 ^! wise p1 :om y\r       
lord%ip praises s mu*1 w\ld wi% by _!   
worldly prud5ce to deceive bo? ,god & y2
 b !y deceive !mselves1 endeavor+ to    
de/roy :at ,god has orda9$ = _!         
salvation1 ?r\gh me1 8 unwor?y s]vant4  

,i attribute no?+ to myself ( :at ,i d1 
or ( :at ,i say2 ,i rely n on my own    
lights 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,ord]2 ,i       
arrange ev]y?+ by long pray]s ) our     
,div9e ,fa!r1 :o gov]ns x sov]eignly1 & 
:o has made ,8 w kn[n to u by s _m      
manife/ signs1 9 ord] to br+ to         
p]fection ! "w ,he has comm5c$ by s     
mis]able a man z ,i am1 = ! salvation ( 
s\ls1 & ! edification ( our holy "m !   
,*ur*4 ,^? :o pref] ! wisdom ( ! _w to !
 w ( ! ,"l1 expose !mselves manife/ly to
 be lo/4 ,hav+ spok5 ?us1 ,francis      
retir$4  ,! c>d9al1 :o admir$ ! en]gy ( 
8 words1 & ! light :i* disclos$ to him  
at once ! mo/ secret ?\ghts1 said to !  
sup]iors :o 7 aba%$3--,my de> bre?r51 y 
h se5 h[ ! ,holy ,gho/ has himself spok5
 by ! m\? ( ?is apo/olical man2 8 words 
came =? z a two-edg$ sword1 :i* has     
p5etrat$ to ! bottom ( ! he>t4 ,take c>e
 t y d n grieve ! ,_s ( ,god2 be n      
ungrateful = ! favors ,he has done y4   
,he is truly 9 ?is poor man1 & manife/s 
to y1 ?r\gh him1 ! m>vels ( ,8 p[]2 9   

li/5+ to him1 x is ,jesus ,*ri/ t y he>2
 9 despis+ him1 x is ,jesus ,*ri/ :om y 
despise4 ,humble y\rselves1 !re=e1 &    
obey him1 if x is y\r desire to please  
,god1 & n lose ! fruit ( y\r vocation2 =
 ,i "k by exp]i5ce1 t ev]y?+ :i* ei!r ! 
devils or m5 are ab\t to attempt aga9/ 8
 ,ord]1 is reveal$ to him4 ,:atsoev] may
 be said to him ) good or bad int5tion1 
x is difficult to f9d him (f 8 gu>d2    
nei!r my advice1 nor t ( any o!r p]son1 
w turn him f 8 purpose4 ,! prov9cials :o
 _h giv5 rise to ?is sc5e 7 mov$1 &     
submitt$ !mselves to ! w ( ! ,patri>*4  
,among ! religi\s :o _h congregat$ at ! 
*apt]1 !re 7 _m :o came to seek a rem$y 
= ! ill-treatm5t !y _h receiv$ 9 _m     
places out ( ,italy1 :i* _h its rise 9  
two causes2 ! fir/ 01 t !y _h no        
au!nticat$ lett]s to %[ t _! ,in/itute  
_h be5 approv$ by ! ,*ur*2 ! second 01 t
 ! pa/ors w\ld n all[ !m to prea*4 ,!y  
begg$ !re=e t ! ,pope might be solicit$ 
to give !m writt5 te/imonials to c]tify 
t !y _h 8 approbation ( _! ,in/itution2 

&1 moreov]1 t !y %\ld obta9 f ! ,holy   
,fa!r a privilege1 9 virtue ( :i* !y    
might prea* :]ev] !y ?\ght prop]1 ev5   
)\t leave f ! bi%ops4  ,! holy f\nd]    
c\ld n he> ?is second article )\t       
indignation4 ,:at my bre?r5 said he1 are
 y /ill devoid ( und]/&+2 & d y n "k ! w
 ( ,god8 ,x is ,8 pleasure t we %\ld ga9
 ! good w ( our sup]iors by our respect 
= !m1 & by humility2 & !n by ^w & good  
example1 ^? :o are "u !m4 ,:5 ! bi%ops  
see t y live holily1 & t y d n encroa*  
on _! au?ority1 !y !mselves w apply to y
 to "w = ! salvation ( ! s\ls :i* are   
committ$ to _! c>e2 !y !mselves w       
collect _! flocks to li/5 to y1 & to    
imitate y4 ,let x be our sole privilege 
to h no privilege calculat$ to swell our
 pride2 to give ourselves a confid5ce   
:i* %all be to ! prejudice ( o!rs1 & be 
! cause ( cont5tions4 ,let u ask no?+ ( 
! ,holy ,see b :at is calculat$ to aid u
 9 s]v+ ,god1 9 ext5d+ ! fai?1 & 9 ga9+ 
s\ls "u ! good pleasure ( ! prelates1   
)\t caus+ any di/urbance among ! p4  ,"s

 repres5t$ t !y _h f\nd _m ( ! heads ( !
 p>o*ial cl]gy s h>%1 t !y _h be5 unable
 to mollify !m1 ei!r by entreaties1 or  
by labor1 by submissiv5ess or good      
example1 s z to obta9 leave to prea* to 
_! p>i%ion]s1 or to receive f !m any    
corporal assi/ance2 to ?is ,francis     
repli$3  ,my bre?r51 we are s5t to ! aid
 ( prie/s1 to make good t 9 :i* !y may  
be defici5t4 ,ea* "o w receive 8 rew>d1 
n accord+ to ! degree ( 8 au?ority1 b 9 
proportion to 8 labors4 ,"k1 !n1 t :at  
is mo/ agreeable to ,god is1 to "w = !  
salvation ( s\ls1 & t we %all be/ succe$
 9 ?is by liv+ 9 concord ) ! prie/s ?an 
by liv+ sep>ately f !m2 if !y ?r[       
ob/acles 9 ! way1 ,god1 to :om all      
v5geance belongs1 w give !m 9 ,8 good "t
 :at is _! due4 ,be !re=e submissive to 
ecclesia/ical sup]iors1 9 ord] to av]t1 
z mu* z may be 9 y\r p[]1 any jeal\sies4
 ,if y are *ildr5 ( peace1 y w soon     
+ratiate y\rselves ) ! cl]gy & ! p1 &   
?is w be m acceptable to ,god ?an if y  
ga9$ ov] ! p1 & !reby gave sc&al to !   

cl]gy4 ,hide ! faults ( ! prie/s1 make  
good :at !y are defici5t 91 & be only 9 
consequ5ce ! m humble4  ,! ,religi\s (  
,/4 ,francis mu/ n be surpris$ if !y1   
ev5 9 ^! days1 meet ) opposition 9 !    
ex]cise ( _! holy m9i/ries4 ,x is an    
occurr5ce :i* ! simil>ity ( m5 may at   
all times br+ ab\t2 & :i* ,/4 ,paul     
exp]i5c$ m ?an any o!r 9 ! c\rse ( 8    
m9i/ry4 ,b let !m be c>eful to put 9    
practice ! advice ( _! ,fa!r1 9 ord] t  
!y may be able to say 9 tru? ) !        
apo/le3--,we h injur$ no man ,&1 f9ally1
 ! advice :i* he gave !m mu/ induce u to
 notice 8 mod]ation & 8 discretion1 9 an
 age :5 ! ,*ur* _h reason to r5ew !     
lam5ts ( "o ( ! ,prophets aga9/ ! pa/ors
 ( ,israel4  ,he judg$ x prop]1 by !    
advice ( ! c>d9al protector1 to procure 
,apo/olic lett]s to make kn[n !         
approbation 8 ,in/itute _h receiv$2 & he
 obta9$ !m f ! ,pope1 :o 0 !n at        
,vit]bo4 ,^! 7 ! fir/ :i* 7 giv5 to !   
,ord] ( ,fri>s ,m9or3 _! cont5ts are z  
foll[s3  ,honorius1 ,bi%op1 s]vant ( !  

s]vants ( ,god1 to ! ,ar*bi%ops1        
,bi%ops1 ,abbots1 ,deacons1 ,ar*deacons1
 & o!r ,sup]ior ,ecclesia/ics--  ,z our 
de> son1 bro!r ,francis & 8 companions1 
h r5\nc$ ! vanities ( ! _w1 & embrac$ a 
/ate ( life :i* ! ,roman ,*ur* has ju/ly
 approv$2 &1 foll[+ ! example ( !       
,apo/les1 are ab\t to g into diff]5t    
p>ts to ann\nce ! ^w ( ,god2 we beg &   
exhort y 9 our ,"l1 & we comm& y by ^!  
,apo/olical lett]s1 to receive z        
,ca?olic & fai?ful1 ! bro!rs ( ?is      
,ord]1 ! be>]s ( ^! lett]s :o may apply 
to y1 to be favorable to !m1 & to treat 
!m ) k9dness1 = ! honor ( ,god1 & out ( 
consid]ation = u4 ,giv5 ?is #c;d ( !    
,ides ( ,june1 ! ?ird ye> ( our         
pontificate4  ,_m c>d9als & o!r         
illu/ri\s p]sons add$ _! lett]s (       
recomm5dation to ^? ( ! ,pope1          
p>ticul>ly ,c>d9al ,ugol9o1 ! protector 
( ! ,ord]1 :o te/ifi$ by a docum5t      
address$ to all prelates1 :i* c]tifi$ ! 
intimate k he _h ( ! virtues ( ! ,f\nd] 
& ( 8 religi\s1 & ! great fruit t 0 to  

be expect$ f !m = ! propagation ( !     
fai?1 & ! b5efit ( ! :ole ,*ur*4 ,!y    
made a great numb] ( au!nticat$ copies (
 ^! lett]s1 to give !m to ^? fri>s :om  
,francis _h resolv$ to s5d 9 all        
directions1 ev5 into ! mo/ di/ant l&s4  
,?ree ?+s 7 decre$ at ?is g5]al *apt]4  
,! fir/ 01 t on e ,saturday a solemn    
mass %\ld be celebrat$ 9 honor ( !      
immaculate ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,?is    
glori\s title ( ,immaculate1 :i* ! g5]al
 c\ncils ( ! sev5? & eigh? c5turies1 & !
 anci5t fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 h giv5 to ,m>y1
 has be5 us$ by ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 :i*  
has decl>$ 9 its decree on ! subject (  
orig9al s91 t x is n its int5tion to    
include !re9 ! bless$ & immaculate      
,virg9 ,m>y1 ,"m ( ,god4 ,! use :i* !   
,fri>s ,m9or made ( x 9 #abai1 %[s      
cle>ly t !y adopt$1 z did _! sa9t$      
,patri>*1 ! common op9ion ( ! ,greek    
,*ur*1 :i* 0 already spread 9 v>i\s p>ts
 ( ! ,lat9 ,*ur*1 9 honor ( !           
,conception ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 because 
!y ?\ght x :olly pure & exempt f ! /a9 (

 orig9al s94 ,_! successors h always1 ) 
admirable zeal1 ma9ta9$ ?is op9ion1 :i* 
,god 9 s f> bless$1 t !y h n[ !         
advantage & consolation ( see+ !        
in/itution ( ! ,fea/ ( ! ,immaculate    
,conception 9 ! :ole ,*ur*1 & ( kn[+ t  
:at 0 at "o "t only a pi\s op9ion is n[ 
a dogma4  ,x is prop] to notice "h1 t at
 ! head ( ! ,fri>s ,m9or1 :o support$ ! 
proposition ( ! ,immaculate ,conception1
 0 ! celebrat$ ,john ,duns ,scotus1 s   
respect$ 9 ! ,*ur* = 8 p5etrat+ g5ius1 =
 ! solidity ( 8 doctr9e1 & = 8 s+ul>    
piety4 ,he sil5c$ 8 oppon5ts1 & 8       
success 0 s manife/$ t all consid]$ him 
to h _h ! special aid ( ! ,bless$       
,virg91 & 8 reason+s 7 s conv9c+ t !    
,univ]sity ( ,p>is admitt$ !m1 & decl>$ 
9 favor ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,immaculate     
,conception1 :i* x has ma9ta9$ ev] s9ce4
 ,9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 ! faculty (       
,!ology pass$ a solemn decree on ?is    
po9t1 9 :i* x decl>$ t 9 consonance ) ! 
op9ions ( its pr$ecessors1 & 9 ord] to  
oppose ! enemies ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 x  

b\nd itself by oa? to ma9ta9 !          
proposition t ! ,"m ( ,god 0 pres]v$ f  
orig9al s91 fram+ a law1 n to receive   
any doctor :o %\ld n take ?is oa?2 :i*  
practice 0 cont9u$ till ! dogma 0 decl>$
 9 #ahed1 :5 x 0 no long] necess>y4     
,?is is ! pi\s triumph ( all ! ,sons (  
,/4 ,francis :o1 9 gratitude = s s+ul> a
 privilege1 honor ! ,bless$ ,virg9 z !  
,patroness & ,protectress ( _! ,ord]1 "u
 ! title ( h] ,immaculate ,conception1 &
 by celebrat+ ! fe/ival !re( ) e        
possible solemnity4  ,! second /atute   
direct$1 t express m5tion %\ld be made (
 ! names ( ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul1 9 !   
pray]1 ,protege nos ,dom9e1 etc41 & 9   
ano!r :i* beg9s ) ^! words--,exaudi nos 
,deus1 etc41 9 memory ( :at _h be5      
reveal$ to ,/4 ,francis1 t ^! apo/les   
int]c$$ p[]fully ) ,god = 8 ,in/itute4  
,?is is practis$ by ! :ole ,*ur* s9ce   
,innoc5t ,,iv revis$ & re=m$ ! ,roman   
,brevi>y1 ?r\gh ,aymon1 an ,engli%man1  
:o 0 ! fif? g5]al ( ! ,ord] ( ,fri>s    
,m9or4  ,9 ! ?ird /atute x 0 said t     

pov]ty %\ld be app>5t 9 ev]y?+1 9 !     
conv5ts :i* !y %\ld build2 t ! *ur*es   
%\ld be small & l[1 & t ! walls ( ! re/ 
( ! build+s %\ld be ( wood or mud4 ,"s  
difficulties 7 />t$ to ?is2 _m repres5t$
 t 9 _! prov9ces wood 0 de>] ?an /one1 &
 t walls ( masonry1 if !y 7 n too high1 
w\ld bett] d5ote pov]ty1 because !y w\ld
 be solid & n compel frequ5t repair4 ,! 
holy ,f\nd] w\ld n argue ?is matt] ) !m2
 = x is rem>k$ t n to give rise to any  
dispute1 & n to give sc&al to ! weak1 he
 (t5 condesc5d$ to ! op9ions ( o!rs 9   
simil> matt]s4 ,nev]!less he recomm5d$  
to !m all1 n to receive ei!r *ur*es or  
h\ses :i* 7 n 9 con=mity to holy pov]ty 
:i* 0 _! rule4  ,x 0 n possible always  
to foll[ out 8 int5tions4 ,! prelates & 
pr9ces :o 7 greatly atta*$ to 8 ,ord] _h
 beautiful conv5ts built1 :i* 8 religi\s
 c\ld n avoid receiv+2 & ,/4 ,bonav5ture
 ev5 says t a num]\s community :i* has  
diff]5t ex]cises to p]=m1 requires l>ge 
h\ses1 al?\gh c>e %\ld be tak5 t holy   
pov]ty %\ld be app>5t ?r\gh\t1 & t      

sup]fluity %\ld n prepond]ate ov] :at is
 reasonably necess>y4  ,! *apt] be+     
end$1 ,francis1 foll[+ ! example ( !    
,apo/les1 divid$ ! _w among 8 bre?r51 9 
ord] to br+ x all 9 subjection to !     
,empire ( ,jesus ,*ri/4  ,! fir/ mission
 to ,g]many _h n be5 successful4 ,^? :o 
_h be5 s5t ?i!r by ! prec$+ *apt]1 n    
kn[+ ! language1 & answ]+ badly !       
que/ions put to !m1 7 suspect$ f _! poor
 & unusual habit to belong to ^? h]etics
 :o 7 prosecut$ 9 ,italy1 9 consequ5ce (
 :i* !y 7 cruelly ill-treat$ & driv5    
away4 ,! recital :i* !y gave on _!      
return made ,g]many s unpopul> among !  
bre?r5 t !y said t none ought to g !re b
 su* z aspir$ to m>tyrdom1 & t _m pray$ 
to ,heav5 to be pres]v$ f ! f]ocity ( ! 
,g]mans4 ,francis did n ?9k prop] to s5d
 any m !re till su* "t z he %\ld h      
receiv$ "s novices f !nce :o might g !re
 ) o!rs2 b he s5t "s into ,hung>y4  ,z  
soon z ! sev]al missions _h be5 fix$ ^u1
 ! mission>ies prep>$ to set out4 ,be=e 
we give an acc\nt ( ,/4 ,francis' voyage

 to ! ,levant1 we ?9k x desirable to    
give an abridgm5t ( :at 8 *ildr5 did 9  
v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w1 because ! pr9cipal   
glory is due to him1 & ^! proce$+s      
naturally belong to ! hi/ory ( 8 life4  
,b5$ict ( ,arezzo emb>k$ ) 8 companions 
= ,greece1 :]e _! prea*+1 back$ by !    
hol9ess ( _! lives1 & confirm$ by       
miracles1 produc$ abundance ( fruit = ! 
salvation ( s\ls1 & procur$ s _m h\ses =
 ! ,ord] t 9 a v %ort "t x 0 =m$ into an
 entire prov9ce1 & 0 call$ ,romania4    
,giles & ,electe1 :o anxi\sly aspir$ to 
m>tyrdom1 & :o 7 only lay-bro!rs1 _h    
appe>$ to ,/4 ,francis to be m fit to be
 s5t to ! ,s>ac5s ?an ev5 ^? ( ! cl]gy1 
& !y ha/5$ to g into ,africa ) sev]al   
o!rs4 ,:at *iefly animat$ ! zeal ( bro!r
 ,giles1 z ! au?or ( 8 life rem>ks1 0 8 
hav+ he>d t ! ,s>ac5s treat$ ) great    
cruelty ^? ,*ri/ians :o spoke ill ( !   
law ( ,mahomet4 ,:5 he rea*$ ,tunis ) a 
p>ty ( mission>ies1 he g5]\sly prea*$ ! 
fai? 9 public1 & ?is cont9u$ = "s "t4 ,a
 p]son :o 0 look$ up to among ! ,s>ac5s 

= 8 great wisdom1 hav+ come =? f 8      
retreat1 told ! p t !y ought to put to !
 sword all ^? infidels :o spoke aga9/ ! 
law ( _! prophet4 ,giles & 8 companions 
7 delight$ at ! prospect ( an e>ly      
m>tyrdom2 b ! ,*ri/ians ) :om !y _h _!  
domicile1 fe>+ le/ !y might be includ$ 9
 ! massacre1 took away ^! prea*]s &     
compell$ !m to g on bo>d a vessel 9 !   
h>bor1 & did n p]mit !m aga9 to l&4 ,z  
!y did n cease address+ ! ,mahometans :o
 cr[d$ to ! sea-%ore1 ) a view to induce
 !m to embrace ! fai? ( ,jesus          
,*ri/1--_! desire to sacrifice _! lives 
= ,8 glory be+ s ard5t1--! ,*ri/ian     
resid5ts ha/5$ to h !m remov$ to        
,europe4 ,?us see+ t ev5 _!             
fell[-believ]s 7 oppos$ to _! views1 !y 
return$ to ,italy4  ,electe 0 m =tunate2
 dur+ "s ye>s he p]=m$ ! functions ( an 
apo/le 9 ano!r t[n 9 ,africa1 :]e he    
receiv$ ! cr[n ( m>tyrdom4 ,a body (    
,s>ac5s ru%$ ^u him :ile he 0 prea*+1 ^u
 :i* he fell on 8 knees1 grasp$ ! ,rule 
) bo? h&s1 ask$ p>don = 8 faults f ,god 

& f 8 companions1 & !n pres5t$ 8 neck to
 ! infidels :o took away 8 life4 ,?is   
did n happ5 till aft] ! dea? ( ,/4      
,francis4 ,he _h ent]$ ! ,ord] :5 v "y1 
& _h liv$ 9 x ) great au/]ity1 always   
we>+ a coat ( mail on 8 b>e body1 s t he
 prep>$ himself = ! m>tyrdom ( blood by 
! m>tyrdom ( p5ance1 z 0 recomm5d$ to ! 
,*ri/ians 9 "t ( p]secution4  ,^? :o w5t
 into ,spa9 ) ,john ,p>5t proce$$ ) s   
mu* spe$ t t5 ( !m arriv$ at ,s>agossa  
by ! ,fea/ ( ! ,assumption2 a v %ort "t 
aft] _! dep>ture1 ,b]n>d de ,qu9tavalle1
 :o 0 s5t into ?is k+dom aft] ! *apt] ( 
#abaf _h e/abli%$ two conv5ts1 ! "o at  
,tol$o1 ! o!r at ,c>rion de los ,condes1
 a t[n 9 ! ,k+dom ( ,leon4 ,"s ( 8      
companions _h be5 admitt$ at ,l]ida1 &  
at ,balagu]1 9 ,catalonia1 "u v         
extraord9>y circum/ances1 :i* are omitt$
 n to be too prolix4 ,za*>y & ,gauti]1  
:o _h be5 s5t into ,portugal1 _h _h mu* 
to suff] 9 ! beg9n+2 b ,que5 ,urraqua1 !
 wife ( ,alphonso ,,ii1 :o !n reign$1 0 
a mo/ pi\s pr9cess4 ,%e1 hav+ caus$ _!  

,in/itute to be exam9$ by v le>n$ m51 & 
hav+ _h full assurance ( ! hol9ess ( _! 
lives1 n[ obta9$ leave f ! k+ = _! be+  
receiv$ into 8 /ates1 & p]mission = _!  
build+ conv5ts4 ,a h\se 0 giv5 !m1 ) a  
*apel atta*$ to x1 ( ,/4 ,an?ony1 ne>   
,coimbra1 :]e ! c\rt !n 01 & subsequ5tly
 "o on a l>g] scale at ,lisbon4 ,pr9cess
 ,sancia1 ! daught] ( ,san*o ,i1 & si/] 
( ,alphonso ,,ii1 highly prais$ by      
hi/orians = h] piety & *a/ity1 protect$ 
,za*>y1 & gave him a ?ird h\se1 call$ ( 
,/4 ,ca?>9e1 at "s di/ance f ! ,t[n (   
,al5qu]1 :i* 0 h] own2 b 9 consequ5ce ( 
! di/ance & ! insalubrity ( ! air1 %e "s
 ye>s aft] conv]t$ h] own palace into a 
conv5t1 :i* %e gave to ! ,fri>s ,m9or4  
,gauti]1 "o ( ,b]n>d's companions1 :o _h
 made _m great conv]sions by 8 virtues &
 8 miracles1 ne> ,guim>a5s1 _h built a  
conv5t n v f> f t t[n4  ,:ile at !      
conv5t ( ,/4 ,ca?>9e1 a v que] ?+       
occurr$1 :i* we h n ?\ght "r to omit "h 
on acc\nt ( ! in/ruction x conta9s4 ,"o 
( ! ladies1 9 wait+ on ! pr9cess ^: "n 0

 ,m>ia ,g>cia1 (t5 came to h "s pi\s    
conv]sation ) "o ( ! holy religi\s1 :o 0
 v av]se to receiv+ h]1 because he fe>$ 
! company ( females4 ,"o day :5 he 0 at 
pray]1 %e came to ! *ur*1 & express$ a  
wi% to see him1 b he refus$ to g to h]4 
,! hi/orian says t 9 ord] to obta9 :at  
%e wi%$ =1 %e did :at wom5 g5]ally d "u 
su* circum/ances1 %e became m           
importunate1 & cri$ bitt]ly1 & prote/$ t
 x w\ld give h] great pa9 if %e might n 
speak to ! holy man4 ,he !re=e came1 to 
get rid ( h] importunities2 b he br\ght 
"s /raw 9 "o h&1 & "s fire 9 ! o!r2 he  
set ! /raw on fire 9 h] pres5ce1 & !n   
said to h]3 ,al?\gh1 madam1 all y\r     
conv]sations are pi\s1 ,i refuse to hold
 !m ) y 9 private1 because :at y see has
 happ5$ to ! /raw1 is :at religi\s      
p]sons h to fe> may occur to !m if !y h 
private & famili> int]c\rse ) wom52 & at
 lea/ !y lose ! fruits ( _! holy        
communications ) ,god 9 pray]4 ,! lady  
blu%$1 retir$1 & tr\bl$ him no m4 ,/4   
,j]ome1 :o s /rongly recomm5d$ to       

ecclesia/ics & religi\s to avoid        
conv]sations ) ! female sex w\ld c]ta9ly
 h approv$ ( ?is action4  ,john ,p>5t   
arriv$ at ,s>agossa 9 ! mon? ( ,augu/1  
#abai1 ) n9e ( 8 bre?r5 :o 7 foll[$ by  
_m o!rs soon aft]2 he address$ himself  
to ! ,bi%op & to ! magi/rates :o        
assembl$ to he> him4 ,he expla9$ to !m  
:o ,francis ( ,assisi 01 8 vocation1 8  
mission1 8 mode ( life1 8 ,in/itute1 !  
approbation giv5 to 8 ,rule by ,pope    
,innoc5t ,,iii & ,honorius ,,iii1 & !   
te/imonials giv5 to him by sev]al       
c>d9als4 ,he rem>k$ to !m t ! new ,ord] 
_h be5 exce$+ly multipli$ 9 a v few     
ye>s1 & t !y _h se5 m ?an five ?\s&     
religi\s at ! g5]al *apt] :i* _h be5    
lately assembl$ 9 ! neighborhood (      
,assisi1 :i* 0 consid]$ to be miracul\s2
 t _! ,fa!r _h s5t a great numb] ( 8    
*ildr5 into all p>ts ( ! _w to combat   
vice & enc\rage virtue1 :i* circum/ance 
%\ld be consid]$ z a b\ntiful effect (  
,div9e ,provid5ce t[>ds ,8 ,*ur*1 9 su* 
calamit\s times4 ,he conclud$ by say+3  

,if our ,in/itute is agreeable to y1 we 
e>ne/ly entreat y to give u "s small    
place 9 :i* we may recite ! ,div9e      
,(fice1 & fulfil ! o!r m9i/ries :i* our 
,f\nd] has recomm5d$ to u4 ,h no anxiety
 z to our subsi/5ce1 = we solicit no "p 
( y\r goods2 we cont5t ourselves ) v    
little2 we are poorly clad2 "w & que/+  
furni% u ) all t we require4  ,all !    
assembly admir$ ! _s ( humility :i*     
prevail$ ?r\gh ?is disc\rse1 & ! read+ (
 ! ,papal ,bull1 ) ! te/imonials ( !    
c>d9als1 7 pro(s t no?+ _h be5 set =? b 
:at 0 true4 ,!y conceiv$ su* a lik+ to !
 ,ord]1 t !y took imm$iate measures =   
giv+ to ,john ,p>5t & 8 companions a    
dwell+ ( :i* !y took possession on !    
#bh? ( ,augu/4  ,! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,francis1
 z well z t ( ,/4 ,dom9ic1 began f t "t 
to spread ?r\gh all ,spa94 ,on all sides
 prea*]s ( ! two ord]s 7 f\nd1 & new    
conv5ts 7 erect$1 z ,luke1 ,bi%op (     
,tuy1 a contempor>y au?or1 m5tions 9 8  
*ronicle :5 he speaks ( ! m>vels ( !    
reign ( ,/4 ,f]d9&1 ,k+ ( ,ca/ile &     

,leon4 ,x w\ld cle>ly appe> t bo? ! "o &
 ! o!r 7 9 ! ,city ( ,leon ab\t t "t1   
s9ce ! same au?or1 9 8 excell5t "w aga9/
 ! ,albig5ses1 says t !y ex]t$ !mselves 
) great zeal & en]gy aga9/ ! h]etics1   
:o1 to s$uce ! fai?ful1 publi%$ pret5d$ 
miracles :i* !y ass]t$ to h be5 p]=m$ by
 ! bones ( "o ,arnold a man ( _! sect :o
 _h be5 dead sixte5 ye>s1 & !y also     
accus$ ! good religi\s :o expos$ _!     
impo/ures ( h]esy4 ,su* is ! mode adopt$
 by c]ta9 sect>ians2 !y endeavor$ to    
e/abli% _! false doctr9e by fictiti\s   
miracles2 :ile !y insol5tly refus$      
cr$5ce to ^? :i* ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*       
admitt$ z c]ta92 & all h suffici5t      
audacity to treat z h]etics ! or?odox :o
 prove !m to be h]etics !mselves4  ,!   
mission to ,france 0 equally successful 
) t ( ,spa94 ,pacifico & 8 companions :o
 began x 9 #abaf1 7 expos$ to hung]1    
cold1 & all o!r k9ds ( inconv5i5ces1 :i*
 m5 are expos$ to suff] :5 out ( _! own 
c\ntry1 unkn[n1 & de/itute ( ev]y?+1 &  
moreov] liv+ an unusual & extraord9>y   

sort ( life4 ,!y w5t to t (fice ( !     
night :i* is call$ mat9s 9 ^? *ur*es 9  
:i* x is said at midnight1 z is /ill !  
cu/om at ,notre ,dame1 9 ,p>is4 ,if !re 
0 no s]vice 9 ! places :]e !y 71 !y !n  
pray$ by !mselves at t h\r1 & !y pass$ !
 :ole night at ! foot ( ! alt>2 aft]    
:i*1 if no "o (f]$ !m a meal1 !y w5t    
que/+ f door to door4 ,! rema9d] ( ! day
 0 sp5t 9 ! hospitals1 mak+ ! b$s ( !   
lep]s & o!r sick1 dress+ _! w\nds1 &    
r5d]+ !m su* o!r s]vices ( humility &   
*>ity z !y _h le>n$ f ! example &       
in/ruction ( _! ,fa!r ,francis4 ,s      
sa9tly a life attract$ ! att5tion ( all1
 ga9$ _! e/eem1 caus$ _m to embrace !   
,in/itution1 & procur$ = !m _m          
e/abli%m5ts1 notably ! "o at ,p>is4     
,angelo ( ,pisa1 "o ( ! mission]s s5t by
 ,/4 ,francis1 0 ! fir/ w>d5 ( !        
,p>isian conv5t4 ,?is conv5t soon became
 a college1 :]e "y m51 f all p>ts ( ! _w
 came to /udy1 &1 subsequ5tly1 to take  
out degrees 9 ! univ]sity4 ,sev]al great
 m5 h1 9 ! la/ five hundr$ ye>s1 r5d]$  

?is college illu/ri\s4  ,pacifico1 :om  
,/4 ,francis _h appo9t$ prov9cial ( !   
,fr5* missions1 s5t "s ( ! religi\s into
 diff]5t p>ts ( ! k+dom1 :]e !y 7 well  
receiv$4 ,he w5t ) "s companions into   
,ha9ault1 & o!r prov9ces ( ! ,l[        
,c\ntries1 :]e1 by ! lib]ality & "u !   
protection ( ! ,c\ntess ( ,fl&]s1       
,joanna ( ,con/ant9ople1 he caus$ _m    
h\ses to be built4  ,?omas de ,*antpre1 
a ,canon ,regul> ( ,/4 ,au/91 &         
subsequ5tly a religi\s ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4  
,dom9ic1 /ates1 z an eye-witness1 a v   
m>vell\s ?+ :i* des]ves to be record$ 9 
! life ( ,/4 ,francis1 s9ce x occurr$   
dur+ 8 lifetime1 relative to 8 ,ord]4   
,at ,?or\?1 a t[n 9 ,fl&]s1 a *ild (    
five ye>s ( age1 ^: "n 0 ,a*az1 ( a good
 family1 hav+ se51 9 #abai1 ! habit ( ! 
,fri>s ,m9or1 begg$ 8 p>5ts to give him 
a simil> "o4 ,8 entreaties & te>s induc$
 !m to gratify him4 ,he 0 !re=e habit$ z
 a ,fri> ,m9or1 ) a co>se cord & b>e    
feet1 n *oos+ to h any money1 n ev5 to  
t\* x1 & he practis$ z mu* z 0 9 8 p[] !

 ex]cises ( ! religi\s4 ,among 8        
companions he 0 se5 to act z prea*]1    
caution+ !m aga9/ evil1 excit+ !m to    
virtue by ! fe> ( ! pa9s ( ,hell1 & by !
 hopes ( ! glories ( ,heav52 tea*+ !m to
 say ! ,"l's ,pray]1 & ! ,angelic       
,salutation1 & to honor ,god by         
g5uflections4 ,he reprov$ su* z did     
any?+ wrong 9 8 pres5ce1 ev5 8 own fa!r1
 if he he>d him swe>1 or saw him 9 a    
/ate ( inebriety4 ,my ,fa!r1 he w\ld    
say1 ) te>s 9 8 eyes1 does n our cure   
tell u t ^? :o d su* ?+s w n possess !  
,k+dom ( ,god8 ,be+ "o day at *ur* ) 8  
"m1 :o 0 dress$ 9 a h&some g[n ( a flame
 color1 he po9t$ out to h] a crucifix1 z
 a c5sure on h] vanity1 & w>n$ h] to be 
c>eful t ! color %e wore did n cause h] 
to fall into ! flames ( ,hell1 :i* w>n+ 
_h s great an effect t 8 "m nev] aft]   
wore any?+ b ! pla9e/ dress4 ,su* a     
precoci\s m9d1 ) s mu* matur$ wisdom &  
piety1 0 univ]sally admir$1 & e "o took 
pleasure 9 see+ & li/5+ to ?is amiable  
*ild4  ,god took him f ?is _w be=e he _h

 atta9$ 8 sev5? ye>4 ,9 8 la/ illness1  
he confess$1 & solicit$ mo/ e>ne/ly to  
be all[$ to receive ! ,body ( ,*ri/4 ,! 
cure n v5tur+ to comply ) 8 reque/1 on  
acc\nt ( 8 t5d$ age1 al?\gh 8 reason 0 s
 mature & 8 hol9ess s manife/1 he rais$ 
8 h&s to ,heav51 & said1 9 t5d]         
acc5ts3--,my ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ,?\ kn[e/
 t all t ,i wi% = 9 ?is _w is to receive
 ,!e4 ,i begg$ = ,!e1 & h done :at ,i   
c\ld2 ,i hope ) entire confid5ce t ,?\ w
 n deprive me ( ! happ9ess ( possess+   
,!e4 ,he !n consol$ & exhort$ 8 p>5ts & 
o!rs :o surr\nd$ him1 aft] :i* he gave  
up 8 pure s\l to ,god1 prais+ ,him1 &   
ejaculat+ pray]s to ,him4  ,! ocul>     
witness adds two circum/ances :i* are v 
rem>kable2 ! fir/ is1 t ! religi\s habit
 :i* ?is holy *ild wore disappe>$1 &    
c\ld nev] aft]w>ds be f\nd4 ,! second1 t
 ! ,fri>s ,m9or :o1 z well z himself1   
w5t to pray at 8 grave1 c\ld n g ?r\gh !
 ,de pr(undis :i* !y _h comm5c$1 not)/&+
 all ! ef=ts t !y made to d s2 by :i* !y
 und]/ood1 t s pure a s\l /ood 9 no ne$ 

( pray]2 &1 no d\bt1 !y only endeavor$  
to (f] up "s "u ! impression t a m9d s  
e>ly 9 o!r respects matur$1 might h be5 
capable ( contract+ "s /a94  ,francis1  
hav+ despat*$ 8 disciples to ! sev]al   
missions allott$ to !m1 z has be5 said1 
prep>$ to g himself to ! ,levant1 ) a   
zeal equal to t ) :i* he _h inspir$ 8   
bre?r51 :5 ,c>d9al ,ugol9o1 ! protector 
( ! ,ord]1 ent]$ into discussion ) him  
on ! subject ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! e/abli%m5t
 ( ,/4 ,damian's1 9 :i* ,cl>e presid$1 &
 ( ! o!r mona/]ies ( females :i* _h be5 
comm5c$ on t model4  ,c>d9al ,ugol9o1 by
 ! advice & au?ority ( ! ,pope leav+ to 
,francis ! guidance ( ! ,mona/]y ( ,/4  
,damian ( ,assisi1 took ^u himself !    
direction ( all ! o!rs :o _h adopt$ t   
rule1 & nom9at$ z visitor-g5]al "u 8    
ord]s1 a prud5t religi\s ( ! ord] (     
,citeaux1 call$ ,ambrose4 ,he gave !m ! 
rule ( ,/4 ,b5$ict1 ) con/itutions :i*  
,wad+ gives at l5g?4 ,we d n transcribe 
!m "h1 because1 9 ! ye> #abbd1 ,/4      
,francis gave !m ano!r rule1 :i* w be   

spok5 ( lat]1 & :i* is ! only "o :i*    
ought to be call$ ! rule ( ,/4 ,cl>e or 
( ! ,second ,ord]4  ,! holy ,patri>* be+
 n[ ab\t to set out 9 ord] to prea* !   
,gospel to ! ,mahometans ( ! ,levant1   
resolv$ to s5d to ^? :o 7 9 ! we/1 "s ( 
8 bre?r54 ,he *ose six = ,morocco3      
,vidal1 a v prud5t & pi\s religi\s1 :om 
he nom9at$ sup]ior2 ,b]>d de ,c>bio1 f !
 vic9ity ( ,n>ni1 :o 0 well v]s$ 9 !    
,arabian language2 ,pet]1 ( ,/4 ,gem9i51
 & ,o?o1 :o 7 9 prie/s' ord]s2 & ,ajut1 
& ,accurse1 :o 7 lay-bre?r54--,hav+ s5t 
= !m he spoke z foll[s3--  ,my de>      
*ildr51 x is ,god :o has comm&$ me to   
s5d y among/ ! ,s>ac5s1 to make kn[n ,8 
fai?1 & refute ! law ( ,mahomet4 ,i %all
 g 9 a diff]5t direction to "w = !      
conv]sion ( ! same infidels1 & ?us ,i   
%all s5d prea*]s ov] ! :ole e>?4 ,prep>e
 y\rselves1 !re=e1 to fulfil ! w ( !    
,"l4 ,to r5d] y\rselves wor?y ( x1 take 
great c>e to pres]ve peace & concord    
among y\rselves1 z ! ev]-subsi/+ ties ( 
*>ity4 ,avoid envy :i* 0 ! fir/ cause ( 

! loss ( mank9d4 ,be pati5t 9           
tribulations1 & humble 9 success2 :i* is
 ! means ( com+ (f victori\s 9 all      
enc\nt]s4 ,imitate our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ 
9 8 pov]ty1 *a/ity1 & ob$i5ce2 ,he 0    
born poor1 ,he liv$ poor1 & x 0 9 !     
bosom ( pov]ty t ,he di$4 ,to manife/ h[
 highly ,he lov$ *a/ity1 ,he *ose to be 
born ( a virg91 ,he took virg9s = ,8    
fir/ soldi]s1 ,he kept1 & c\nsell$      
virg9ity1 & ,he di$ 9 pres5ce ( two     
virg9s4 ,z to ob$i5ce1 ,he nev] ceas$ f 
practis+ x f ,8 bir? to ,8 dea? on !    
cross4 ,place y\r hopes 9 ! ,"l1 ,he w  
guide & assi/ y4 ,take our rule ) y1 & a
 brevi>y1 9 ord] t y may be punctual 9  
say+ ! ,div9e ,(fice1 & be always       
submissive to ,bro!r ,vidal1 y\r        
sup]ior4 ,my *ildr51 al?\gh ,i am       
greatly pleas$ to see ! good-w ) :i* y  
embrace ?is und]tak+1 yet our sep>ation 
is pa9ful to my he>t f ! s9c]e affection
 ,i be> y2 b ! comm&s ( our ,"l are to  
be pref]r$ to my own feel+s2 ,i entreat 
y to h ! ,passion ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/

 always pres5t to y\r m9d2 x w /r5g!n y 
& p[]fully animate y to suff] = ,8      
glory4  ,^! apo/olic m51 enc\rag$ by ?is
 address ( _! ,fa!r1 repli$ t !y 7 ready
 to g into any c\ntry & expose !mselves 
to ! sev]e/ labors = ! int]e/s ( ! fai?2
 t he ne$ n hold out an example = !m1 by
 go+ himself among ! infidels1 z if 8 ^w
 0 n suffici5t2 t !y did n ?9k 8 ord]s  
too /rict1 & t !y expect$ assi/ance f   
above = c>ry+ !m into execution2 b t !y 
requir$ 8 pray]s & bless+ 9 ord] to ga!r
 "s fruit 9 unkn[n l&s1 among b>b>\s p1 
enemies ( ! ,*ri/ian "n4 ,he1 rejo9$ !  
,sa9t1 ) great animation1 :o s5ds y1 x  
is ,he :o w take c>e ( y2 y are "u ,8   
protection1 "u ! protection ( ,god2 y   
belong no m to me f ?is mom5t2 ,i te> y 
f my bosom to s5d y z ,8 labor]s4 ,!y   
?rew !mselves on _! knees1 kiss$ 8 h&s &
 pray$ = 8 la/ bless+ :i* he gave !m    
weep+1 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3--,may ! bless+ (
 ,god ! ,fa!r be ^u y1 z x desc5d$ on ! 
apo/les2 may x /r5g!n y1 guide y1 &     
console y 9 y\r suff]+s4 ,fe> n2 ! ,"l  

is ) y1 z an inv9cible w>rior2 g1 9 ! "n
 ( ,god :o s5ds y4  ,we %all speak ( _! 
voyage :5 we come to relate ! m>tyrdom  
!y suff]$ 9 ,morocco1 on ! #af? (       
,janu>y1 #abbj4  ,at l5g?1 ,francis1    
anxi\s = ! cr[n ( m>tyrdom 9 :i* he _h  
be5 twice disappo9t$1 confid$ ! gov]nm5t
 ( 8 ,ord] dur+ 8 abs5ce to ,bro!r      
,elias1 ! ,prov9cial ( ,tuscany1 & set  
out on 8 voyage to ,syria ) twelve      
companions1 ! pr9cipal ( :om 7 ,pet] (  
,catania1 ,b>b>o ,sabbat9o1 ,leon>d (   
,assisi1 & ,illum9us ( ,rieti4  ,9 !    
,m>*es ( ,ancona ?r\gh :i* !y pass$1 9  
ord] to emb>k at ! la/-nam$ place1 a "y 
man came to solicit to be receiv$ into !
 society ( ,fri>s ,m9or1 & ! ,sa9t said 
to him3 ,if y h ! int5tion ( jo9+ !     
,poor ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 g & be/[ ^u ! poor
 all t ?\ ha/4 ,! po/ulant w5t away &   
gave all he _h to 8 p>5ts :om he lov$ v 
mu*1 )\t giv+ any to ! poor4 ,he !n     
return$ & said h[ he _h dispos$ ( 8     
prop]ty4 ,francis c5sur$ 8 conduct 9 !  
/ronge/ t]ms1 consid]+ him z a man :o   

w\ld be totally useless1 & n[ise fit =  
evangelical p]fection4 ,t5d] bro!r1 he  
said to him 7= s he call$ all ^? :om he 
consid]$ ( no real value71 ,t5d] bro!r1 
g ?y ways1 y h nei!r left y\r c\ntry nor
 y\r k9dr$2 y h giv5 :at y _h to y\r    
p>5ts1 & disappo9t$ ! poor2 y d n des]ve
 to be receiv$ into ! company ( ^? :o   
make pr(ession ( holy pov]ty4 ,y comm5c$
 by ! fle%1 :i* is an un/able f\ndation 
= a spiritual edifice4 ,?is c>nal &     
animal man return$ to 8 p>5ts1 resum$ 8 
prop]ty1 & r ?an give x to ! poor1 he   
gave up ! good purpose he _h ent]ta9$4  
,! love ( 8 relations did z mu*         
diss]vice to ?is "y man z ! love ( ri*es
 did to him :om our ,savi\r desir$ to   
sell all he _h & give unto ! poor4      
,p]haps also he _h an int5tion ( f9d+ a 
res\rce 9 :at he gave to 8 relations1   
:i* is contr>y to ! entire r5\nc+ (     
ev]y?+ :i* ,jesus ,*ri/ requires4 ,= :i*
 reason1 :5 ,/4 ,bonav5ture relates ?is 
circum/ance1 he says1 t ,/4 ,francis    
only admitt$ ^? into 8 ,ord] :o gave up 

all !y _h1 & did n 9 any mann] keep     
any?+ back4  ,! man ( ,god receiv$ _m   
novices on 8 way4 ,_m ( 8 bre?r5 9 !    
vic9ity accompani$ him z f> z ,ancona1  
to witness 8 dep>ture1 z sorr[ful1 z _h 
be5 ! fai?ful ( ,miletus & ,ephesus1 :o 
accompani$ ,/4 ,paul emb>k+ = ,j]usalem1
 al?\gh he _h n told !m1 z ! ,apo/le    
did1 t !y w\ld see him no m4 ,! arrival 
( ?is holy b& 0 s agreeable to !        
magi/rates at ,ancona1 t !y imm$iately  
allott$ a spot = ! erection ( a conv5t1 
& _h x comm5c$ at _! own exp5se4 ,x 0 s 
l>ge t :5 ,francis return$ f ,pale/9e he
 caus$ x to be r$uc$ out ( love = holy  
pov]ty1 & !n he gave ! model ( a *ur*   
:i* is /ill extant4  ,! capta9 ( a      
vessel :o 0 ab\t to take succor to !    
,*ri/ian =ces be=e ,damietta1 0 s good z
 to receive him1 "o ( twelve1 on bo>d 8 
%ip4 ,all ! religi\s :o 7 !re 7 desir\s 
( go+ to sea ) him1 & ea* "o vi$ = !    
pref]5ce1 n only t !y might accompany ! 
,patri>*1 b t !y might obta9 ! cr[n (   
m>tyrdom1 :i* !y ard5tly wi%$ =2 b n to 

mortify any ( !m1 & to %[ no pref]5ces1 
he prud5tly & ) ! mildness ( a common   
fa!r1 address$ !m z foll[s3--  ,my v de>
 *ildr51 !re is n "o ( y1 f :om ,i %\ld 
wi% to be sep>at$2 ,i wi% y w\ld all    
accompany me on ! voyage ,i am ab\t to  
make2 b x w\ld h be5 unreasonable ( me  
to ask ! capta9 ( ! vessel to take y    
all4 ,on :i* acc\nt1 & t none %\ld h    
reason to compla91 nor to be jeal\s ( ! 
o!rs1 ,i w n make ! selection2 x mu/ be 
,made by ,god4 ,& !reupon call+ a *ild  
:o happ5$ to be on bo>d1 he said3 ,! ,"l
 has (t5 made ,8 w kn[n by ! m\? (      
*ildr51 & ,i h no d\bt ,he w d ! same   
n[2 let u ask ?is *ild1 & let u cr$it   
:at he %all say2 ,god w speak ?r\gh him4
 ,!n ask+ ! *ild1 :e!r x 0 ,god's w t   
all ! religi\s :o 7 ) him %\ld put to   
sea & make ! voyage ) him8 ! *ild repli$
 ) a firm voice3 ,no1 x is n ,god's w4  
,he !n aga9 ask$ :i* ( !m among ^? :o 7 
!re pres5t he %\ld take8 ,! *ild1       
inspir$ by ! ,almighty1 select$ elev51  
po9t+ !m out ) 8 f+]1 & go+ up to !m z  

he nam$ !m4  ,! religi\s1 full (        
a/oni%m5t1 7 all satisfi$3 ^? :o 7 de/9$
 to rema9 beh9d z well z ^? :o 7 select$
 to accompany him4 ,!y fell on _! knees1
 receiv$ ! bless+ ( _! common ,fa!r1 &  
sep>at$ aft] hav+ giv5 to ea* o!r ! kiss
 ( peace4  ,francis emb>k$ ) 8 elev5    
companions2 !y weigh$ an*or1 & %ortly   
aft] !y rea*$ ! ,isl& ( ,cyprus1 :]e !y 
rema9$ a c\ple ( days4 ,9 ?is int]val1  
"o ( ! religi\s committ$ a fault :i* 0  
soon aton$ =4 ,9 a gu/ ( passion he made
 use ( "s h>% expression to "o ( 8      
bre?r5 be=e ! o!rs1 & be=e ano!r p]son  
:o might h be5 sc&aliz$ at ! ev5t4      
,reflect+ on :at he _h done1 & be+      
imm$iately sorry = x1 he took up "s     
dung1 &1 return+ to ! spot1 he put x    
into 8 m\?1 & began *ew+ x1 say+3 ,x is 
b j t he :o has (f5d$ 8 bro!r by 8      
spee*1 %\ld h 8 m\? fill$ ) fil?4 ,?is  
act ( p5ance 0 fully satisfactory to him
 :o _h be5 (f5d$1 & made su* impression 
on a g5tleman :o _h witness$ ! sc5e1 t  
he (f]$ himself & all he possess$ to !  

s]vice ( ! ,ord]4  ,f ,cyprus1 ,francis 
proce$$ to ,acre1 f :5ce he s5t 8       
companions1 two & two1 into su* p>ts (  
,syria 9 :i* mission>ies 7 mo/ want$4   
,he himself prea*$ = "s days 9 ! vic9ity
 ( ! t[n1 :]e he did "s good1 & !n      
emb>k$ aga9 ) ,illum9atus to jo9 ! army 
( ! ,crusad]s :o 7 besieg+ ,damietta4   
,we %all n[ speak ( ! ,crusade1 & ( ?is 
siege4  ,at ! c\ncil ( ,lat]an1 :i* 0   
held 9 #abae1 ,pope ,innoc5t ,,iii      
repres5t$ s en]getically ! mis]able /ate
 to :i* ! ,*ri/ians 9 ! ,holy ,l& 7     
r$uc$ "u ! dom9ation ( ! ,s>ac5s1 t 9   
ord] to deliv] !m f s cruel a slav]y1 ! 
c\ncil ord]$ ! assembly ( a simil>      
crusade to t :i* _h be5 ord]$ two       
c5turies be=e1 = ! same object4 ,!      
bi%ops proclaim$ x ev]y:]e ) great      
ardor1 & ! ,pope1 to give x great]      
weight1 w5t himself into ,tuscany to    
prea* x aft] hav+ publi%$ x at ,rome4   
,?is great ,pope1 dy+ on ! #af? ( ,july1
 #abaf1 ,honorius ,,iii1 :o succe$$ him1
 imitat$ 8 zeal1 & wrote to ! pr9ces &  

prelates ( all ,europe1 & s5t legates   
ev]y:]e1 to urge ! execution ( :at _h   
be5 decre$ 9 ! ,c\ncil ( ,lat]an4 ,!    
success 0 z prompt z x 0 =tunate1 s t at
 ! "t fix$1 t is1 on ! #a/ ( ,june1     
#abag1 an inf9ity ( crusad]s1 pr9cipally
 f ! ,nor? ( ,europe1 7 9 read9ess to   
set out = ,pale/9e1 by l& & by sea4     
,aft] "s exp$itions1 ! crusad]s ?\ght t1
 in/ead ( op]ations 9 ,pale/9e1 to :i*  
!y _h hi!rto conf9$ !mselves1 x w\ld be 
advisable to c>ry ! w> into ,egypt1     
because x 0 !nce t ! sultans s5t l>ge   
armies into ! ,holy ,l& aga9/ !         
,*ri/ians2 & ?is _h be5 ! op9ion ( ,pope
 ,innoc5t at ! ,lat]an ,c\ncil4 ,x 0    
!re=e decid$ to lay siege to ,damietta1 
! /ronge/ t[n 9 ,egypt1 & f its         
situation ! key ( t k+dom4 ,! fir/ ( ^? 
:o sail$ arriv$ be=e ! place on ! #cj? (
 ,may2 !y disemb>k$1 & intr5*$ !mselves 
)\t meet+ ) any resi/ance1 & :5 !       
rema9d] ( ! army arriv$1 ! attack       
comm5c$4  ,! siege la/$ ne>ly eighte5   
mon?s1 ) enorm\s losses1 yet "s a/oni%+ 

acts ( brav]y 7 witness$4 ,corad91 7or  
,moaddam7 ! ,sultan ( ,damascus1 came ) 
an army mu* m num]\s ?an t ( !          
,crusad]s1 & besieg$ !m 9 _! intr5*m5ts2
 & ,mel$91 7or ,melic ,camel7 8 bro!r1  
,sultan ( ,egypt or ( ,babylon1 hav+    
br\ght an equally num]\s army1 !y drew  
up _! troops 9 ord] ( battle1 on ! la/  
day ( ,july1 #abai1 9 ! e>ly morn+1 &   
appe>$ be=e ! ,crusad]s' l9es1 :i* !y   
attack$ on sev]al po9ts4 ,! battle 0    
ob/9ately conte/$2 x la/$ till night1 & 
! ,s>ac5s seem$ to h ! victory1 b x 0   
torn f !m1 *iefly by ! indomitable      
brav]y ( ! ,fr5*1 support$ by ! ,gr&    
,ma/] ( ! ,temple1 & ! ,teutonic        
knights1 :o drove ! infidels f> f _!    
l9es ) great slaught]4 ,diss5sions !n   
arose betwe5 ! cavalry & infantry ( !   
,crusad]s4 ,!y accus$ ea* o!r ( c[>dice1
 a reproa* v grat+ to milit>y m52 !     
consequ5ce 01 t a turbul5t rivalry      
ensu$1 9 ord] to prove :i* _h ! greate/ 
c\rage1 & !y compell$ ,john de ,bri5ne1 
,k+ ( ,j]usalem1 :o comm&$ ! army1 to   

lead !m to ! enemy & (f] him battle4  ,x
 0 at ?is mom5t t ,francis arriv$ at !  
camp1 hav+ no o!r arms ?an ^? ( fai?4   
,he said to 8 companion1 ) deep sighs3--
 ,! ,"l has reveal$ to me1 t if !y come 
to bl[s1 ! ,*ri/ians w be wor/$4 ,if ,i 
tell !m ?is1 ,i %all be consid]$ an     
idiot2-- & if ,i d n tell x1 my         
consci5ce w reproa* me2 :at d y ?9k ( x8
 ,8 companion1 ^: "n 0 ,illum9atus1 & :o
 inde$ 0 fill$ ) light1 repli$3--,my    
bro!r1 d n let ! op9ions ( m5 guide y2 x
 is n ! fir/ "t t y h be5 look$ ^u z "o 
b]eav$ ( s5se4 ,cle> y\r consci5ce1 &   
fe> ,god m ?an ! _w4 ,francis imm$iately
 w5t & w>n$ ! ,*ri/ians n to fight1 &   
=etold !m t if !y did1 !y w\ld be beat54
  ,m9ds 71 h[ev]1 too mu* excit$ to li/5
 to s\nd reason2 ! words ( ! ,sa9t 7    
tak5 = rav+s4 ,on ! #bi? ( ,augu/1 :5 ! 
heat 0 ov]p[]+1 ! :ole ( ! ,*ri/ian army
 left _! l9es & (f]$ battle4 ,! enemy at
 fir/ retir$1 9 ord] to draw ! ,crusad]s
 to an ext5sive pla91 :]e !re 0 no wat]1
 & :5 he saw t ?ir/ & fatigue _h caus$  

_! ranks to be brok51 he turn$ sudd5ly &
 fell ^u ! cavalry ( ! "r w+ :i* he took
 by surprise2 x 0 brok5 & disp]s$2 its  
r\t caus$ ! infantry :i* 0 support$ by  
x1 to flee1 & ! :ole army w\ld h be5 cut
 to pieces _h n ! k+1 foll[$ by !       
knights ( ! ?ree ord]s ( ,fr5*1 ,flemi% 
& ,engli%1 & o!r troops1 plac$ !mselves 
9 front & /opp$ ! ,s>ac5s :o 7 pursu+ ! 
fugitives & effect+ an awful retreat4 ,!
 ,*ri/ians lo/ on ?is occasion ne> six  
?\s& m51 besides prison]s1 among :om 7  
_m ( consid]able note4 ,?is loss 0 !    
accompli%m5t ( :at ,francis _h =etold2 &
 x %[$1 adds ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 t 8       
valuable advice ought n to h be5        
disreg>d$1 s9ce1 accord+ to ! words ( ! 
,holy ,scriptures1 '! s\l ( a holy man  
discov]e? sometimes true ?+s1 m ?an sev5
 wat*m5 t sit on a high place to wat*4' 
,! faults ( ! ,crusad]s1 & !            
ill-successes :i* (t5 att5d$ _!         
measures1 h giv5 room to m9ds dispos$ to
 c5sure1 to condemn all w>s und]tak5    
aga9/ infidels1 or h]etics4 ,nev]!less1 

! ,crusades1 dur+ two c5turies1 7       
sugge/$ by ! ,sov]eign ,pontiffs1 & by !
 c\ncils ( ! ,*ur*1 proclaim$ by mo/    
holy p]sonages1 & au?oriz$ by _!        
miracles2 l$ by ,*ri/ian pr9ces ( all   
,europe1 by _m ( our k+s1 by a ,sa9t    
,l\is1 by m5 full ( religi\s zeal1 su* z
 ,godfrey ( ,b\illon1 & ,simon1 ,c\nt ( 
,mont=t4 ,is !re n ! greate/ ra%ness 9  
includ+ su* m5 z ^! 9 "o sweep+         
condemnation8 ,if all ! ,crusad]s _h n  
equally pure int5tions2 if debau*]y     
ins9uat$ itself into _! armies1 if      
prud5ce did n always regulate _!        
proce$+s2 if sometimes ev5 success did n
 cr[n _! be/-conc]t$ measures1 are ^!   
suffici5t gr\nds = blam+ ! ent]prise1   
or1 are we only to judge ( measures by !
 ev5t8  ,sa9t ,b]n>d prea*$ ! crusade   
:i* 0 decid$ on 9 ! ye> #aadd1 ( :i*    
,l\is ,,vii1 ,k+ ( ,france1 _h fir/ =m$ 
! plan1 & ( :i* ,pope ,eug5ius ,,iii1 & 
! bi%ops ( ,france approv$4 ,! prea*+ ( 
! holy abbot 0 publicly support$ by a   
prodigi\s numb] ( miracles1 :i* ev5 8   

humility c\ld n dissemble4 ,two p[]ful  
armies1 ! "o comm&$ by ! ,emp]or ,conrad
 ,,iii1 ! o!r by ! ,k+ ( ,france1 ) !   
pr9ces & nobility ( ! /ates1 7 calculat$
 to inspire ! infidels ) t]ror4         
,nev]!less1 f v>i\s causes1 no?+ c\ld h 
be5 m un=tunate ?an ! issue ( ?is w>2 &1
 z ! loss ( ^! two armies 0 felt ?r\gh !
 :ole ( ,france & ?r\gh ! :ole (        
,g]many1 :]e ,/4 ,b]n>d _h prea*$1 &    
promis$ glori\s success1 public         
indignation fell ^u him1 & he 0 treat$ z
 a false prophet4 ,:at he wrote to ,pope
 ,eug5ius 9 8 ju/ification1 mu/ be      
consid]$ z an answ] to all ^? :o1 ev5 9 
^! days1 condemn ! ,crusades1 ! result (
 :i* 0 disa/r\s4 ,he says1 t ,moses1 9  
,god's "n1 _h solemnly promis$ ! p (    
,israel to lead !m into a v f]tile l&1 &
 t ,god _h ev5 confirm$ t promise by    
spl5did miracles2 t1 nev]!less1 all ^?  
:o w5t out ( ,egypt p]i%$ 9 ! des]t )\t 
ent]+ into ! l& ( promise1 9 puni%m5t ( 
! s9s ( ! p dur+ ! j\rney2 t x _c be    
said t ?is puni%m5t 0 a contradiction ( 

! promise1 because ! promises :i* ,god1 
9 ,8 goodness1 makes to man1 nev]       
prejudice ! rights ( ,8 ju/ice2 & ?is   
reason+ ! ,sa9t applies to ! crimes     
committ$ 9 ! armies ( ! ,crusades4  ,?is
 digression may1 p]haps1 appe> long1 b  
we c\ld n disp5se ) x = ! honor ( !     
religi\s & ( ! prec$+ ages2 &1 besides1 
x is connect$ ) ! life ( ,/4 ,francis1  
:o c]ta9ly approv$ ( ! ,crusades1       
al?\gh1 by a sup]natural inspiration1 he
 blam$ a p>ticul> ent]prise ( !         
,crusad]s :i* _h ! un=tunate issue :i*  
he _h =etold4  ,! ardor ( 8 *>ity :i*   
urg$ him to labor = ! conv]sion ( !     
,s>ac5s1 & to expose himself to         
m>tyrdom1 induc$ him to take !          
resolution to pres5t himself to !       
,sultan ( ,egypt4 ,we saw1 says ,james  
de ,vitry1 ,bro!r ,francis1 ! f\nd] ( ! 
,ord] ( ! ,fri>s ,m9or1 a simple &      
unle>n$ man1 ?\gh v amiable & belov$ by 
,god & man1 :o 0 respect$ univ]sally4   
,he came to ! ,*ri/ian army1 :i* 0 ly+  
be=e ,damietta1 & an excess ( f]vor _h  

su* an effect ^u him1 t1 protect$ solely
 by ! %ield ( fai?1 he _h ! d>+ to g to 
! sultan's camp to prea* to him & to 8  
subjects ! fai? ( ,jesus ,*ri/4  ,! two 
armies 7 9 sight ( ea* o!r1 & !re 0     
great dang] 9 go+ f "o to ! o!r1        
p>ticul>ly z ! sultan _h promis$ a      
h&some rew>d 9 gold to any "o :o %\ld   
br+ him a ,*ri/ian's head4 ,b ?is w\ld n
 det] su* a soldi] ( ,jesus ,*ri/ z 0   
,francis1 :o1 f> f fe>+ dea?1 eag]ly    
s\ght x4 ,he betook himself to pray]1 f 
:i* he arose full ( /r5g? & confid5ce1  
say+ ) ! prophet3 ,s9ce ,?\ art ) me1 ,o
 ,"l1 ,i w fe> no evil1 ?\gh ,i %\ld    
walk 9 ! mid/ ( ! %ad[ ( dea?2 & he set 
out = ! infidel camp4  ,two %eep :i* he 
met on sett+ out1 gave him mu* joy4 ,he 
said to 8 companion3 ,my bro!r1 h       
confid5ce 9 ! ,"l1 ! ^w ( ! ,gospel is  
be+ fulfill$ 9 u1 :i* says3 ',behold ,i 
s5d y =? z %eep 9 ! mid/ ( wolves4' ,9  
fact1 only a v little f>!r on1 "s       
,s>ac5s ru%$ ^u !m1 z wolves ^u %eep1   
insult$ & beat !m1 & b\nd !m4 ,francis  

said3 ,i am a ,*ri/ian1 lead me to y\r  
ma/]2 & ,god p]mitt$ t he %\ld be s l$  
to comply ) ! desire ( ,8 s]vant4 ,!    
,sultan ,mel$9 ask$ him :o s5t !m1 & =  
:at purpose !y came8 ,francis answ]$ )  
c\rage\s firmness3 ,we are n s5t by m51 
b x is ! ,mo/ ,high :o s5ds u1 9 ord] t 
,i may tea* y & y\r p ! way ( salvation1
 by po9t+ out to y ! tru?s ( ! ,gospel4 
,he imm$iately prea*$ to him1 ) great   
f]vor1 ! dogma ( "o ,god 9 ?ree ,p]sons1
 & ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,savi\r (      
mank9d4  ,!n 0 se5 v]ifi$ :at our       
,savi\r said to ,8 apo/les4 ,= ,i w give
 y a m\? & wisdom :i* all y\r adv]s>ies 
%all n be able to resi/ or ga9say4      
,mel$9 became s mild & tractable1 t1    
admir+ ! c\rage ( ,francis1 he li/5$    
quietly to him = "s days1 & invit$ him  
to /ay ) him4 ,! man ( ,god said3 ,if y 
& y\r p w be conv]t$1 ,i w rema9 = !    
love ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,& if y hesitate   
betwe5 ,8 law & t ( ,mahomet1 let a     
great fire be lit up1 & ,i w g into x ) 
y\r prie/s1 9 ord] t y may see !reby :i*

 is ! fai? to foll[4 ,i d n believe1    
repli$ ! sultan1 t any ( our prie/s w\ld
 g into ! fire1 or suff] any torm5ts = 8
 religion4 ,he answ]$ ?us because he    
p]ceiv$ t z soon z ! fire 0 propos$1 "o 
( ! elde/ ( ! prie/s1 "o :o 0 ( ! mo/   
consid]able ( !m1 got quickly away4 ,if 
y w promise me1 add$ ,francis1 t y\rself
 & y\r p w embrace ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 9   
case ,i come =? f ! fire safe & s\nd1 ,i
 w ent] x alone2 if ,i am burnt let x be
 imput$ to my s9s2 b if ,god pres]ve me1
 y w !n ackn[l$ge t ,jesus ,*ri/ is !   
true ,god & ,savi\r ( mank9d4  ,mel$9   
ackn[l$g$ t he d>$ n accept ?is *all5ge1
 le/ x %\ld be ! cause ( a s$ition2 b he
 (f]$ him ri* pres5ts :i* ! s]vant (    
,god despis$ f 8 he>t z s mu* dirt4 ,su*
 entire dis5gagem5t f ! good ?+s ( ?is  
_w inspir$ ! pr9ce ) su* v5]ation &     
confid5ce t he entreat$ ! ,sa9t to      
receive 8 pres5ts1 & to di/ribute !m    
among ! poor ,*ri/ians or to ! *ur*es = 
! salvation ( 8 s\l4 ,francis :o _h a   
loa?+ ( money1 & :o did n f9d 9 ! sultan

 any gr\ndwork ( religion1 p]si/$ 9 8   
refusal ( ^! (f]s4 ,he1 moreov]1 ?\ght x
 0 "t to leave ! infidels :5 he saw no  
prospect ( effect+ any good1 & :]e he _h
 no fur!r *ance ( ga9+ ! cr[n (         
m>tyrdom2 & he le>nt by a revelation t  
:at he int5d$ 0 con=mable to ! w ( ,god4
 ,! sultan1 on 8 "p1 fe>+ t "s ( 8 p    
might be mov$ by ! disc\rse ( ,francis1 
&1 be+ conv]t$1 might jo9 ! ,*ri/ian    
army1 caus$ him to be escort$ ) m>ks (  
consid]ation to ! ,*ri/ian camp be=e    
,damietta1 aft] hav+ said to him 9      
private3 ,pray = me1 t ,god may make    
kn[n :at religion is mo/ agreeable to   
,him1 9 ord] t ,i may embrace x4  ,0 x n
 a sight wor?y ( ,god1 wor?y ( angels1 &
 ( m51 to see on "o side ,francis1 clo!d
 9 sackclo?1 pale1 emaciat$1 disfigur$  
by 8 p5it5tial au/]ities1 pass ?r\gh an 
army ( infidels1 & pres5t himself boldly
 be=e _! sov]eign1 speak to him aga9/ ! 
law ( _! prophet1 & exhort him to       
ackn[l$ge ! div9ity ( ,jesus ,*ri/8 &1  
on ! o!r side1 ! ,sultan ( ,egypt1 !    

mortal enemy ( ! ,*ri/ians1 elat$ by !  
victory he _h j ga9$ ov] !m1 & anxi\s to
 %$ m ( _! blood1 sudd5ly lose all 8    
f]ocity1 become mild & tractable1 li/5  
att5tively to ! poor "o ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 
endeavor to reta9 him1 (f] him l>ge     
pres5ts1 admire 8 pov]ty1 8             
dis9t]e/$ness1 8 c\rage1 ask ! aid ( 8  
pray]s1 t he might "k & embrace ! true  
religion1 & s5d him back to ! ,*ri/ian  
camp ) honor8 ,h[ c]ta9 x is t !        
religion ( ,jesus ,*ri/ w nev] be made m
 respectable & amiable to ! infidels ?an
 by ! practice ( ! exalt$ virtues :i* x 
tea*es1 & by :i* x became e/abli%$ 9 !  
_w4  ,ano!r sc5e :i* is n less /rik+ 9 !
 eyes ( piety1 is ! he>t ( ,francis1    
burn+ ) anxiety to %$ 8 blood = ! glory 
( 8 ,ma/]1 & n be+ able to satisfy t    
ardor4 ,already1 9 ! hope ( atta9+ x1 he
 _h emb>k$ = ,syria1 & contr>y w9ds _h  
driv5 him back to ! ,*ri/ian %ores4 ,he 
_h gone into ,spa9 9 ord] to pass into  
,africa1 :5 a viol5t illness compell$   
him to desi/ f ! und]tak+4 ,he ?9ks he  

already grasps ! palm1 :5 he f9ds       
himself 9 ,egypt2 9 ord] to ha/5 !      
accompli%m5t ( 8 desires1 he places     
himself 9 ! h&s ( ! infidels1 & attacks 
! tyrant on 8 ?rone2 :51 in/ead ( !     
opprobrium & tortures :i* he s\ght1 he  
f9ds no?+ b mildness & curiosity1       
att5tions & honor4 ,he seeks = m>tyrdom1
 & m>tyrdom flies f him4 ,x 01 ,/4      
,bonav5ture rem>ks1 by an admirable     
disposition ( ,div9e ,provid5ce1 :o *ose
 t ! ard5t desire ( 8 fai?ful s]vant    
%\ld give him ! m]it ( m>tyrdom1 & t 8  
life %\ld be pres]v$ to receive !       
glori\s /igmata :i* 7 to be impress$ on 
8 body by a s+ul> pr]ogative1 9 rew>d ( 
8 great love = ,jesus crucifi$1 :o      
inflam$ 8 he>t4  ,wad+ relates1 ^u !    
au?ority ( a religi\s ( ! ,ord]1 :o 0 a 
contempor>y ( ,/4 ,francis1 ^: "n 0     
,ugol9o ( ,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,m\nt1           
corroborat$ by "s o!r writ]s ( ! ,ord]1 
t ! sultan 0 conv]t$ & baptiz$4 ,"s lat]
 au?ors d5y ?is1 & rem>k t !y h mi/ak5 !
 ,sultan ( ,egypt = ! ,sultan (         

,ieonium1 :o nev] saw ,/4 ,francis1 & ( 
:om ,james ( ,vitry says1 t he 0 believ$
 to h receiv$ baptism at 8 dea? :i*     
happ5$ 9 ! ye> :5 ,damietta 0 besieg$4  
,x is admitt$ t ,wad+ 0 mi/ak5 9 quot+  
?is passage to prove ! conv]sion ( !    
,sultan ( ,egypt1 b t does n weak5 !    
evid5ce ( ,ugol9o4 ,he says t ,francis  
w5t a second "t to ! sultan be=e 8      
return to ,italy4 ,he urg$ him to be    
conv]t$4 ,! ,sa9t1 n be+ able to induce 
him to ov]come ! human ob/acles :i* /ood
 9 ! way1 pray$ f]v5tly = him = sev]al  
successive days1 & !n felt t 8 pray]s 7 
he>d4 ,?is he communicat$ to ,mel$91 :o 
imbib$ /ill great] affection = him1 &   
wi%$ to deta9 him1 b he dep>t$ accord+  
to ! comm& t he _h receiv$ f heav54 ,"s 
ye>s aft]1 ?is pr9ce be+ dang]\sly ill1 
! ,sa9t appe>$ to two ( 8 religi\s :o 7 
9 ,syria & ord]$ !m to g to him1 in/ruct
 him1 baptize him1 & rema9 ) him till he
 %\ld expire2 all ?is 0 compli$ )4 ,!re 
is no?+ 9 ?is leg5d :i* is n v probable1
 & :i* is n consi/5t ) circum/ances t _c

 be call$ into "q3  #a4 ,we h se51 9 !  
n>ratives ( ,james ( ,vitry1 & ( ,/4    
,bonav5ture1 t ,mel$9 said to ,francis3 
,pray = me1 t ,god may make kn[n to me  
:i* religion is mo/ agreeable to ,him2 &
 t he wi%$ to induce him to receive 8   
pres5ts1 9 ord] to di/ribute !m to !    
poor ,*ri/ians1 or to ! *ur*es1 = !     
salvation ( 8 s\l4  #b4 ,aft] he _h se5 
! holy man1 he treat$ ! ,*ri/ians )     
great humanity1 & %ortly aft] _!        
discomfiture1 he s5t "s ( 8 prison]s to 
_! camp1 to (f] t]ms ( peace4 ,9 ! ye>  
#abba1 _! army1 :i* 0 com+ to (f] him   
battle1 entangl$ itself betwe5 two      
bran*es ( ! ,nile1 :]e x mu/ h          
inevitably p]i%$4 ,he behav$ to 8       
enemies1 says "o ( our au?ors1 9 su* a  
mann] z c\ld n reasonably h be5 expect$ 
f a ,s>ac51 & :i* 9 ^! days w\ld d honor
 to a ,*ri/ian pr9ce 7 he to d x4  #c4  
,an au?or1 ^: te/imony on su* a po9t is 
beyond suspicion1 says1 t ?is sultan1   
be+ on 8 dea?b$1 caus$ a l>ge sum (     
money to be di/ribut$ among ! poor      

,*ri/ians :o 7 sick 9 ! hospitals1 & t  
he left a consid]able rev5ue = ! same   
purpose2 t he enfran*is$ _m slaves1 t he
 _h p]=m$ v>i\s o!r acts ( m]cy1 & t 8  
dea? 0 greatly lam5t$ by ! ,*ri/ians1   
:om he sp>$ to ! utmo/ ( 8 p[]4 ,!      
,emp]or ,fr$]ic 0 inconsolable aft]     
,mel$9's dea?1 hav+ _h /rong hopes t he 
w\ld receive baptism accord+ to a       
promise he _h giv5 him1 & t he w\ld     
/r5u\sly contribute to ! propagation (  
,*ri/ianity 9 ! ,levant4  #d4 ,x may h  
happ5$ t ,/4 ,francis :o 0 !n 9 heav51  
appe>$ to two ( ! religi\s ( 8 ,ord]1 & 
t he s5t !m to ,mel$92 t ^! religi\s    
in/ruct$ & baptiz$ him2 & t ! ?+ 0 done 
secretly f ! circum/ances ( ! times2 t !
 au?ors ( ^? times 7 n in=m$ ( x1 & t   
,ugol9o le>n$ x f ! religi\s !mselves4  
,9 %ort1 x is n improbable t ! conv]sion
 ( ?is s\l %\ld h be5 grant$ to ! zeal1 
labors1 pray]s & te>s ( su* a fri5d (   
,god z ,/4 ,francis4 ,?us1 ! baptism ( !
 sultan is n s v unc]ta91 & ^? :o h     
record$ x h n giv5 ! ,sa9t praise :i*   

may be call$ false1 z ,wad+ has be5     
acrimoni\sly tax$ )4 ,aft] all1 if      
,mel$9 0 n conv]t$1 x is a judgm5t (    
,god1 :i* ^? mu/ be fe>ful ( :o recomm5d
 !mselves to ! pray]s ( ! pi\s1 =m+     
projects ( conv]sion1 & ev5 do+ "s good 
works1 :o yet positively resi/ ! grace  
v\*saf$ !m1 :i* requires an effectual   
*ange ( he>t4 ,if he 0 conv]t$1 :i* is  
probable1 x 0 a great effect ( div9e    
m]cy1 :i* s9n]s mu/ n abuse by def]r+ _!
 rep5tance2 ^! graces are v r>ely giv51 
& ^? :o wait = !m run great risk ( _!   
salvation4  ,!re is reason = ?9k+ t     
,mel$9 gave ,francis & 8 companions     
leave to prea* 9 8 dom9ions1 s9ce x is  
well kn[n t ! ,fri>s ,m9or began f t "t 
to spread !mselves among/ ! ,s>ac5s1 z  
,james de ,vitry says3--,ev5 ! ,s>ac5s1 
bl9d$ z !y are1 admire ! humility &     
p]fection ( ! ,fri>s ,m9or1 receive !m  
well1 & provide !m *e]fully ) all !     
necess>ies ( life1 :5 !y g boldly among/
 !m to prea* ! gospel2 !y li/5 to !m    
will+ly1 speak+ ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & ,8     

doctr9e2 b !y beat !m & drive !m away if
 !y attack ,mahomet1 & hold him z a li> 
& infidel4  ,an anecdote1 relat$ by ,/4 
,bonav5ture1 may h easily happ5$ 9 ^?   
times4 ,a ,s>ac5 see+ "s ,fri>s ,m9or1 0
 mov$ by _! pov]ty & (f]$ !m "s money1  
:i* !y refus$ to accept1 & ?is a/oni%$  
him4 ,hav+ und]/ood t x 0 = ! love (    
,god t !y refus$ money1 he conceiv$ su* 
a lik+ = !m1 t he und]took to provide !m
 ) ev]y?+ necess>y z long z he 0 able to
 d s4 ,! holy doctor exclaims on        
?is3--,o ine/imable excell5ce ( pov]ty1 
:i* is s p[]ful to inspire a b>b>ian )  
su* t5d] & g5]\s compassion6 ,x w\ld be 
a %ameful & v crim9al ?+1 7 ,*ri/ians to
 despise & trample "u foot ?is preci\s  
evangelical pe>l1 = :i* a ,mahometan %[$
 su* e/eem & respect4  ,:ile ,francis   
rema9$ 9 ,egypt1 he did n ga!r mu* fruit
 f among ! infidels2 b 8 words 7 a      
f]tile se$ :i* 8 disciples reap$ !      
abundant h>ve/ (1 :5 aft]w>ds s5t ?i!r  
by ,gregory ,,ix & ,innoc5t ,,iii4  ,!  
,s>ac5s 7 n ! only objects ( ! zeal (   

,francis4 ,he labor$ also = ! salvation 
( ! ,*ri/ians 9 ! army ( ! ,crusad]s1 & 
"s ( !m became 8 disciples4 ,james de   
,vitry1 ,bi%op ( ,acre1 writ+ to 8      
fri5ds 9 ,lorra9e in=m$ !m t ,r5i]1 !   
,prior ( ,/4 ,mi*ael1 _h jo9$ ! ,ord] ( 
! ,fri>s ,m9or2 & t ?ree ( ! mo/ em95t (
 8 cl]gy _h foll[$ 8 example1 & t x 0 ) 
difficulty he prev5t$ ! *ori/] & sev]al 
o!rs f tak+ ! same c\rse1 to :i* he adds
 t ?is religi\s ,ord] spreads fa/ 9 ! _w
 because x is an exact imitation ( ! =m 
( ! primitive ,*ur*1 & ( ! life ( !     
,apo/les4  ,! mo/ anci5t records ( !    
,ord] assure u t aft] "s mon?s' resid5ce
 9 ,egypt1 ! holy ,patri>* w5t to       
,pale/9e1 & visit$ ! holy places1 b !y  
ent] into no p>ticul>s4 ,:at we may     
safely conjecture is1 t ,god1 :o l$ him 
into ! ,holy ,l&1 seem$ to say to him1 z
 ,he _h said to ,abraham3 ,arise & walk 
?r\gh ! l& 9 ! l5g? & 9 ! bread? !re(1 =
 ,i w give x to !e4  ,r m ?an a hundr$  
ye>s aft] 8 dea?1 ! ,sultan ( ,egypt    
p]mitt$ ! ,fri>s ,m9or to take *>ge ( ! 

,holy ,sepul*re ( our ,"l1 & !y /ill h !
 c>e ( x 9 ! mid/ ( ! infidels1 "u !    
protection ( ! ,elde/ ,son ( ! ,*ur*4   
,?is privilege1 :i* is s honorable = !  
,ord] ( ,/4 ,francis1 is ju/ly consid]$ 
by !m z ! fruit ( ! f]v5t devotion ( !  
bless$ ,patri>* to ,jesus ,*ri/         
crucifi$4  ,f ,pale/9e ,francis w5t to  
,antio*1 ! capital ( ,syria1 & pass$ by 
! black m\nta91 :]e !re 0 a celebrat$   
mona/]y ( ! ord] ( ,/4 ,b5$ict4 ,! abbot
 :o _h di$ only a %ort "t be=e1 _h      
=etold t a sa9tly man w\ld soon come to 
_! h\se1 :o 0 mu* belov$ by ,god1 !     
,patri>*1 ( a great ,ord]1 :o w\ld be   
poorly attir$ & ( mean appe>ance1 b v   
mu* to be rev]$2 9 consequ5ce ( :i* !   
religi\s1 he>+ ( 8 com+1 w5t 9          
procession to meet him1 & receiv$ him ) 
all ! honors due to a man ( ,god4 ,he   
rema9$ "s days ) !m1 & ! hol9ess :i* !y 
obs]v$ 9 him made su* an impression ^u  
!m1 t !y embrac$ 8 ,in/itute1 plac+ all 
_! effects at ! disposition ( ! patri>* 
( ,antio*4 ,"s o!r mona/]ies foll[$ _!  

example2 &1 9 a few ye>s1 !re 0 a       
fl\ri%+ prov9ce 9 t c\ntry1 :i* cont9u$ 
until su* "t z ! ,s>ac5s ravag$ ! :ole (
 ,syria4  ,:ile ,francis 0 ?us employ$ 9
 ext5d+ 8 ,ord] 9 ! ,ea/1 ,bro!r ,elias1
 :o 0 8 vic>-g5]al 9 ! ,we/1 0 de/roy+ x
 !re4 ,he said to ! religi\s1 9 _!      
conf]5ces1 t ! life ( _! ,f\nd] 0 wor?y 
( ! highe/ praise1 b t x 0 n giv5 to all
 to imitate x2 t among ! ?+s :i* he _h  
prescrib$ = !m1 "s appe>$ 9 ! eyes (    
prud5ce v difficult ( obs]vance1 o!rs   
absolutely impracticable & beyond !     
/r5g? ( man2 t1 9 ! op9ion ( ! mo/      
prud5t1 "s modification 0 requisite & "s
 *ange requir$1 "s practices necess>y1  
:i* 7 n s /rictly regul>--by speci\s    
ins9uations ( ?is nature1 he br\ght ov] 
_m to 8 op9ions1 & ev5 "s ( ! prov9cials
 :o v5tur$ to repres5t ! simplicity ( _!
 ,fa!r z imprud5t4 ,! vic>-g5]al1       
nev]!less1 9 conjunction ) ! m9i/]s1    
made "s regulations = ! gov]nm5t ( !    
prov9ces :i* 7 v useful2 b1 by a /range 
inconsi/5cy1 at ! "t :5 !y 7 talk+ (    

modifications1 !y prescrib$ total       
ab/95ce f meat1 & =bade its use ei!r 9  
or out ( ! cloi/]s1 :i* 0 a direct      
contradiction ( ! rule1 :i* p]mits !    
,fri>s ,m9or1 except 9 times ( fa/+1 to 
eat1 accord+ to ! t]ms ( ! ,gospel1     
:atsoev] is put be=e !m4  ,all ^? :o _h 
! true _s ( ,god 7 greatly griev$ to see
 t human prud5ce 0 pref]r$ to ! div9e w1
 & t ! v9ey>d ( ! ,"l 0 r5d]$ desolate  
by ,bro!r ,elias4 ,!y put up f]v5t      
pray]s to ,god = ! spe$y return ( _!    
pa/or1 s necess>y = ! flock2 &1 aft]    
hav+ secretly conc]t$ toge!r1 !y s5t    
,bro!r ,/eph5 into ,syria1 to           
communicate to _! ,f\nd] :at 0 go+ on4  
,/eph5 w5t & gave him a full detail (   
all ?+s4 ,francis 0 n ca/ d[n by ?is    
deplorable intellig5ce1 b he _h rec\rse 
to ,god1 & recomm5d$ to ,8 protection ! 
family he _h receiv$ f him4 ,z to !     
regulation :i* prescrib$ entire ab/95ce 
f meat1 he1 ) great humility1 ask$ !    
advice ( ,pet] ( ,catana1 :o repli$3 ,x 
is n = me to judge2 x is = ! legislator 

to decide !reon1 z on all ! re/4        
,francis def]r$ ! decision till 8       
return1 & emb>k$ imm$iately = ,italy4   
,8 voyage 0 n a long "o2 !y soon an*or$ 
at ! ,isle ( ,c&ia1 f :5ce !y came to   
,v5ice :]e !y l&$4 ,he s5t circul>      
lett]s to conv5e ! *apt] :i* he propos$ 
hold+ at ! ensu+ ,mi*aelmas1 to rem$y ! 
evil :i* _h be5 br\ght ab\t by ,bro!r   
,elias4 ,he built a small *apel ne> !   
,v5etian lakes1 7,lagunes17 9 :i* two ( 
8 religi\s 7 to say ! ,div9e ,(fice1 9  
memory ( an extraord9>y ?+ :i* happ5$ to
 him at ?is place4  ,! ,sa9t !n w5t to  
,padua1 ,b]gamo1 ,brescia1 ! isl& ( !   
lake ( ,g>da1 to ,cremona & ,mantua2 at 
all ^! places !re 7 conv5ts ( 8 ,ord]4  
,we are assur$ t ,/4 ,dom9ic jo9$ him on
 8 way2 t !y conf]r$ toge!r & ) ,john ( 
,nav>ra de ,torniella1 ,bi%op ( ,b]gamo1
 on ! salvation ( s\ls2 t !y made "s    
pi\s visits to ! solit>ies ( ! valley ( 
,a/9o1 & t ! patri>* ( ! ,fri>s ,prea*]s
 celebrat$ ,mass !re1 t ( ! ,m9ors be+ !
 deacon at ! s]vice4 ,:5 !y 7 9         

spiritual conf]5ce at ,cremona1 !       
religi\s came to reque/ !m to bless !   
well1 & to solicit ! ,almighty to purify
 ! wat] :i* 0 ?ick & muddy4 ,dom9ic1 at 
! entreaty ( ,francis1 bless$ a vessel  
full ( ! wat]1 & caus$ x to be ?r[n back
 into ! well1 & all wat] t subsequ5tly 0
 drawn f x 0 cle> & :olesome to dr9k4   
,! two sa9ts sep>at$1 b1 %ortly aft]1   
met aga9 at ,bologna4 ,francis go+ to   
,bologna1 met a woman ^: son 0          
epileptic1 & :o came to beg ! aid ( 8   
pray]s4 ,he wrote on a slip ( pap] "s   
%ort b v dev\t ejaculatory pray]s :i* he
 ?\ght might be tak5 to ! sick y\?2 !y  
_h no soon] be5 giv5 to him1 ?an he 0   
entirely cur$2 9 gratitude :]e(1 he     
plac$ himself at ! s]vice ( ! ,fri>s    
,m9or 9 ! conv5t ( ,p>ma4  ,! reputation
 ( ! holy man 0 s great t1 accord+ to   
,sigonius1 ! /reets 7 *ok$ ) ! numb] (  
/ud5ts :o wi%$ to see & he> him4 ,x 0 ) 
difficulty t way 0 made = him to rea* ! 
pr9cipal squ>e1 :]e he prea*$ 9 s       
sublime a mann] t !y ?\ght !y he>d an   

angel & n a man4 ,! great] "p ( !       
audi5ce 0 conv]t$2 & _m solicit$ ! habit
 ( ! ,ord]1 among :om 7 ,ni*olas (      
,pepulis1 ,bonizio1 ,pel]9o1 ,fall]oni1 
& ,rig] or ,ric] ( ,mod5a4 ,ni*olas 0 t 
le>n$ jurisconsult :o _h be5 s k9d to   
,b]n>d de ,qu9tavalle 9 #abaa1 :5 e "o  
_h treat$ him ) contempt at ,bologna4   
,bonizio excell$ 9 ! love ( holy pov]ty1
 & 0 v useful to ! ,sa9t 9 affairs (    
importance1 by ! tal5t he _h ( manag+ ) 
prud5ce4 ,pel]9o & ,rig] 7 "y g5tlem5 f 
! ,m>*es ( ,ancona1 :o 7 /ud5ts at      
,bologna--to !m ,francis =etold all !y  
w\ld d 9 ! c\rse ( _! lives4 ,! fir/    
w\ld only be a lay-bro!r1 al?\gh he 0   
well v]s$ 9 canon-law2 x 0 said ( him t 
:5 he 0 9 company ) m5 ( ! _w1 ei!r f   
necessity or f *>itable motives1 he left
 !m z soon z he c\ld2 & :5 he 0 c5sur$ =
 s do+ z be+ guilty ( rud5ess1 he       
repli$3 ,:5 we h s\ght ,jesus ,*ri/ our 
,ma/]1 we h nev] f\nd ,him ei!r among/  
relatives or among/ our acqua9tances4 ,!
 second atta*$ himself to 8 holy        

,patri>*1 & /rove to imitate him 9 all  
?+s4 ,al?\gh he 0 em95tly favor$ ) !    
gift ( *a/ity1 he nev]!less avoid$ )    
great c>e ! conv]sation ( females1 & he 
said to ^? ) :om he 0 intimate1 :o 7    
surpris$ at x3 ,i %\ld p]haps lose !    
gift ) :i* ,i h be5 favor$1 by a j      
judgm5t ( ,god1 if ,i took few]         
precautions3 he :o loves dang] w p]i% 9 
x4  ,"h is an au!ntic te/imonial z to "o
 ( ! s]mons :i* ,francis prea*$ at      
,bologna 9 ! ye> #abbj2 x is tak5 f !   
,ar*ives ( ! *ur* ( ,spalatro1 & x is   
f\nd 9 ! hi/ory ( ! bi%ops ( ,bologna1  
writt5 by ,sigonius3  ,i1 ,?omas1 citiz5
 ( ,spalatro1 & ar*deacon ( ! ca!dral ( 
! same t[n1 saw1 9 ! ye> #abbj1 on ! day
 ( ! ,assumption ( ! ,"m ( ,god1 ,/4    
,francis prea* 9 ! squ>e 9 front ( !    
little palace :]e almo/ ! :ole city 0   
collect$4 ,he began 8 s]mon ?us3 ',!    
angels1 ! m51 & ! demons4' ,he spoke (  
^! intellig5t be+s s well & ) su*       
precision1 t _m le>n$ m5 :o he>d him1 7 
a/oni%$ to he> su* a disc\rse f ! m\? ( 

s simple a man4 ,he did n div]ge to draw
 a moral f diff]5t subjects1 z prea*]s  
usually d1 b z ^? :o dilate ^u "o po9t1 
he br\ght ev]y?+ to be> ^u ! sole object
 ( re/or+ peace1 concord1 & union :i* _h
 be5 totally de/roy$ by cruel           
diss5sions4 ,he 0 v poorly clad1 8      
c\nt5ance 0 pale & wan1 & 8 :ole        
appe>ance 0 un9vit+2 b ,god gave su* =ce
 & effici5cy to 8 words1 t !y l$ to !   
reconciliation ( a great numb] ( g5tlem5
 :o 7 greatly exasp]at$ aga9/ ea* o!r1 &
 ^: irritation _h caus$ ! %$d+ ( no     
small quantity ( blood4 ,! love &       
v5]ation = ! ,sa9t 7 s univ]sal1 & w5t s
 f>1 t m5 & wom5 ran to him 9 cr[ds1 &  
^? e/eem$ !mselves =tunate :o c\ld only 
t\* ! hem ( 8 g>m5ts4  ,! au?or :o      
records ?is te/imonial adds t he p]=m$  
miracles also 9 ,bologna4 ,a *ild (     
quality 0 tak5 to him1 :o _h :at is     
call$ a pe>l on 8 eye1 :i* r5d]$ 8 eye q
 bl9d1 & no rem$y c\ld be f\nd = x4     
,francis made ! sign ( ! cross ov] him f
 ! head to ! feet1 & he 0 p]fectly cur$4

 ,hav+ subsequ5tly ent]$ ! ,in/itute ( 8
 miracul\s physician1 he saw mu* bett] )
 ! eye on :i* ! pe>l _h be5 ?an ) ! o!r4
 ,?is miracle1 :i* 0 kn[n ?r\gh\t !     
city1 increas$ ! zeal & respect :i* !   
,bolognese _h = ! s]vant ( ,god s mu*1 t
 !y c\ld n te> !mselves f him1 & !y gave
 him a second h\se = 8 ,in/itute1       
situat$ 9 a wood ab\t a mile f ! t[n4   
,aft] ^! apo/olical functions1 he w5t to
 see ,c>d9al ,ugol9o1 :o 0 !n legate 9  
,lomb>dy1 by :om he 0 receiv$ ) m>ks ( !
 mo/ s9c]e affection4 ,he propos$ next  
to visit ! conv5t ( 8 ,ord] :i* 0 close 
to "o ( ! gates ( ,bologna1 b z soon z  
he saw x1 f9d+ x mu* m spaci\s & h&some 
?an 0 requisite = /rict pov]ty1 he turn$
 away 8 eyes f x1 & said indignantly3   
,is ?is ! dwell+ ( ! poor ,evangelical  
labor]s8 ,su* gr& & sup]b palaces1 are  
!y = ,fri>s ,m9or8 ,i d n ackn[l$ge ?is 
h\se z "o ( ours1 & ,i d n look ^u ^? :o
 dwell 9 x z my bre?r54 ,i1 !re=e1 ord] 
& enjo9 all ^? :o wi% to cont9ue to be> 
! "n ( ,fri>s ,m9or1 to leave ?is h\se  

=?)1 & to give up to ! ri* ( ! _w       
build+s :i* are only fit = !m4  ,he 0 s 
implicitly obey$1 t ev5 ! sick1 among   
:om 0 ,bro!r ,leo1 "o ( 8 fir/          
companions1 :o is ! relator ( ?is       
circum/ance1 7 c>ri$ out on ! %\ld]s (  
_! bre?r5 & expos$ to ! air4 ,!re !y all
 rema9$ till ! arrival ( ! legate1 :o1  
hav+ be5 in=m$ ( :at 0 go+ on1 _h come &
 appeas$ ! holy man4 ,he repres5t$ to   
him t x 0 necess>y to all[ ! conv5ts to 
be m spaci\s1 9 ord] t ! infirm might h 
m air = re/or+ _! heal?2 & t su* z 7    
well %\ld h m room = relax+ _! m9ds4 ,b 
z to ! prop]ty1 he add$1 ,i c assure y t
 y\r bre?r5 h no "p 9 x1 z x rema9s     
entirely to ! f\nd]s4 ,moreov]1 if y h  
any fur!r scruples on ! subject1 ,i     
decl>e to y t ,i take ! :ole ^u myself 9
 ! "n ( ! ,holy ,roman ,*ur*4  ,francis 
c\ld n resi/ ! p[]ful reason ( ! prud5t 
& pi\s legate1 ! protector ( 8 ,ord]4   
,he1 !re=e1 cons5t$ t 8 bre?r5 %\ld     
rema9 9 ! conv5t2 he ev5 ord]$ !m to    
return to x1 b he w\ld n g into x       

himself1 & he *ose to take ! repose :i* 
nature requir$1 9 ! h\se ( ! ,fri>s     
,prea*]s1 :]e he pass$ "s days ) 8 fri5d
 ,sa9t ,dom9ic4  ,x w\ld appe> t ,/4    
,bonav5ture _h ?is circum/ance 9 view1  
:5 he said3 t if x happ5$ t ,/4 ,francis
 f\nd 9 ! h\ses :i* 8 bre?r5 occupi$1   
any?+ :i* look$ l prop]ty1 or t 0 too   
elegant1 he wi%$ ! h\ses to be pull$    
d[n1 or t ! religi\s %\ld quit !m1      
because he ma9ta9$ t ! ,ord] 0 gr\nd$ on
 ,evangelical pov]ty z its pr9cipal     
f\ndation1 s t if ?is pov]ty 0 adh]$ to 
9 x1 x w\ld fl\ri%1 b t x w\ld p]i% if x
 0 set aside4  ,:ile ! ,sa9t 0 ) !      
,fri>s ,prea*]s1 "o ( !m1 f feel+s (    
compassion1 begg$ him to return to 8    
*ildr51 & to p>don ! fault !y _h        
committ$1 b he repli$3 ,indulg5ce :i*   
gives rise to an easy relapse into s91  
is n be comm5d$4 ,i w n sanction by my  
pres5ce :at has be5 committ$ aga9/ holy 
pov]ty4 ,?is *>itable religi\s endeavor$
 to induce him at lea/ to see !m1 9 ord]
 t !y might be made aw>e ( _! fault1 &  

be correct$4 ,we w come back "h toge!r1 
he said1 if y d n *oose to rema9 !re1   
aft] hav+ p]=m$ ?is duty ( sup]ior4     
,francis yield$ to ?is prud5t advice2 he
 w5t to 8 *ildr51 & see+ !m griev$ &    
rep5tant1 & ready to receive ! p5ance he
 might inflict1 he p>don$ !m4  ,8       
indulg5ce did n ext5d to ! prov9cial1 ^:
 "n 0 ,john de ,/ra*ia1 "o ( ^? :o wi%$ 
to h ! rule mitigat$ 9 #abai4 ,he c5sur$
 him sev]ely = hav+ _h s beautiful a    
h\se built1 or1 at lea/1 = hav+ p]mitt$ 
x to be built4 ,he upbraid$ him 9 /rong 
t]ms = hav+1 )\t consult+ him1 op5$ a   
s*ool = ! /udies ( ! ,fri>s ,m9or1 & =  
hav+ made regulations = its conduct m   
favorable to sci5ce ?an to piety4 ,he   
did away ) ?is s*ool1 because he *ose t 
8 religi\s %\ld pray r ?an /udy1 & t !  
o!r prov9cials might le>n to be m humble
 & m religi\s 9 all t _h relation to    
/udies4  ,& "h we mu/ adv]t to :at      
happ5$ at a lat] p]iod2 ! prov9cial _h !
 ra%ness to ree/abli% ! s*ool aft] !    
dep>ture ( ! ,f\nd]1 :o1 hav+ be5 in=m$ 

( x1 & kn[+ f int]ior revelation !      
obduracy ( ?is man1 curs$ him publicly1 
& depos$ him at ! ensu+ *apt]4 ,! ,sa9t 
0 entreat$ to )draw ?is curse1 & to give
 8 bless+ to ,bro!r ,john1 :o 0 a noble 
& le>n$ man1 b he answ]$3 ,i _c bless   
him :om ! ,"l has curs$4 ,a dreadful    
reply :i* 0 soon aft] v]ifi$4 ,?is      
un=tunate man di$1 exclaim+3 ,i am damn$
 & curs$ = all et]nity4 ,"s frightful   
circum/ances :i* foll[$ aft] 8 dea?     
confirm$ 8 awful progno/ic4 ,su* a      
mal$iction :i* pride & disob$i5ce br\ght
 ^u ?is le>n$ man1 ought to /rike t]ror 
into ^? va9 m5 :o =sake piety = sci5ce1 
& 9 :om great tal5ts h no o!r effect ?an
 to produce 9 !m great atta*m5t to _!   
own conceits1 & pr\d indocility1 :i*    
induces1 at l5g?1 ev5 a revolt aga9/ !  
,*ur*4  ,/4 ,francis 0 n av]se to       
/udies1 z w be se51 :51 two ye>s aft]1  
he caus$ !ology to be taught4 ,b he *ose
 t !y %\ld s /udy z n to ext+ui% ! _s ( 
pray]4 ,he approv$ ( sci5ce1 b ( t only1
 :i* ! ,holy ,_s calls religi\s1 :i* is 

sanctifi$ by ! fe> ( ! ,"l1 ( :i* ,/4   
,augu/9e says3 t x is ! companion (     
*>ity1 & tea*es humility4  ,c>d9al      
,ugol9o propos$ to ! ,s]vant ( ,god t !y
 %\ld make a retreat ( "s days toge!r1  
at ,camaldoli1 9 ord] to give 8 body "s 
re/1 :i* 0 borne d[n by fatigue1 & relax
 8 m9d f ! v>i\s c>es :i* oppress$ x4   
,he will+ly ass5t$ to ?is1 because he   
lik$ ! life ( a recluse4 ,!y1 !re=e1 w5t
 to ?is holy solitude1 & !y rema9$ !re  
ne>ly a mon?1 solely employ$ 9 m$itation
 on heav5ly ?+s4 ,! c>d9al took a cell  
at ! entry ( ! des]t :]e x is /ill to be
 se52 & ,francis took "o ne> x1 :i* _h  
be5 inhabit$ by ,/4 ,romnald4 ,x has    
s9ce tak5 ! "n ( ,/4 ,francis' cell1 &  
is only occupi$ by ! prior1 or major (  
,camaldoli4 ,! writ]s ( ! c\ntry add1 t 
! fe/ival ( ,/4 ,francis is celebrat$   
solemnly !re1 & t x is decre$ by !      
/atutes t ! an!m :i* ! ,fri>s ,m9or *ant
 %all be sung on t day3 ,salve1 ,sancte 
,pat]1 c4  ,! two pi\s solit>ies w5t f  
!nce to ,m\nt ,alv]nia1 :]e !y only /ay$

 a few days4 ,! c>d9al return$ to       
,bologna1 & ,francis took ! r\te =      
,assisi1 9 ord] to op5 ! *apt] at ,/4   
,m>y ( ! ,angels1 z he _h giv5 notice4  
,on ! way1 ,/4 ,bonav5ture acqua9ts u   
:at occurr$ to him4 ,8 infirmities &    
fatigue hav+ compell$ him to m\nt on an 
ass1 8 companion1 ,leon>d ( ,assisi1 :o 
foll[$ him on foot1 & 0 also v mu*      
fatigu$1 gave way to human feel+s1 &    
said to himself3 ,8 p>5ts 7 n ! equals (
 m9e2 yet1 !re he rides1 & ,i am =c$ to 
trudge on foot & lead him4 ,z he 0 ?us  
giv+ way to ^! ?\ghts1 ,francis1 to :om 
,god _h made kn[n :at 0 pass+ 9         
,leon>d's m9d1 dism\nt$1 & said3 ,no1   
bro!r1 x is n fitt+ t ,i %\ld ride :ile 
y walk on foot1 because y are bett] born
 ?an ,i am1 & are ( great] consid]ation 
9 ! _w4 ,leon>d1 greatly surpris$1 &    
blu%+ = %ame1 ?rew himself at 8 ,fa!r's 
feet1 ackn[l$g$ 8 fault1 & ) te>s       
solicit$ 8 p>don4  ,z soon z ! holy     
,patri>* ent]$ ! ,valley ( ,spoleto1 8  
*ildr5 came 9 cr[ds f v>i\s p>ts to meet

 him1 & to congratulate him on 8 return4
 ,he 0 greatly gratifi$ on see+ !m1 &   
communicat$ freely ) !m1 enc\rag+ !     
weak1 consol+ ^? :o 7 9 affliction1     
c5sur+ su* z 7 9 fault1 & exhort+ !m all
 to adh]e /rictly to ! rules4 ,x 0 !re t
 he receiv$ a confirmation ( ! compla9ts
 :i* _h be5 made to him 9 ! ,levant1    
aga9/ ! gov]nm5t ( ,elias1 8 vic> g5]al1
 & he _h himself ! pro( ( x4  ,elias    
v5tur$ to pres5t himself to him1 9 a    
new] habit & "o made ( f9] clo? ?an ^? (
 ! o!r bre?r51 ! c[l ( :i* 0 long] & !  
sleeves wid]1 & he assum$ an air little 
suitable to 8 pr(ession4 ,francis1      
dissembl+ :at 0 pass+ 9 8 m9d1 said to  
him be=e ! assi/ants3--,i beg y to l5d  
me t habit4 ,elias did n d>e refuse3 he 
w5t aside & took x (f & br\ght x to him4
 ,francis put x on ov] 8 own1 smoo!d x  
d[n1 plait$ x nicely "u ! girdle1 ?rew !
 c[l ov] 8 head1 & !n1 /rutt+ fi]cely ) 
8 head erect1 he pac$ ?ree or f\r times 
r\nd ! company1 say+1 9 a l\d voice     
3--,god pres]ve y1 good p4 ,!n tak+ !   

habit (f indignantly1 he ?rew x f him ) 
contempt1 &1 turn+ to ,elias1 ,t is !   
way1 he said1 t ! ba/>d bre?r5 ( our    
,ord] w /rut4 ,aft] ?is he resum$ 8     
usual demeanor & walk$ humbly ) 8 old & 
tatt]$ habit1 say+3--,su* is ! deportm5t
 ( ! true ,fri>s ,m9or4 ,!n1 seat+      
himself among/ !m1 he address$ !m 9 !   
milde/ mann]1 & spoke on pov]ty &       
humility1 ( :i* he s =cibly po9t$ out ! 
p]fection1 t x seem$ to !m t ^? :om !y  
_h previ\sly consid]$ ! poore/ & mo/    
humble1 _h made b small advance 9 !     
practice ( ^? two virtues4 ,9 f9e1 he   
annull$ all ! novelties :i* ! vic>-g5]al
 _h introduc$ into ! ,ord] dur+ 8       
abs5ce1 except ! prohibition ( eat+     
meat1 :i* he ?\ght x necess>y to reta9  
"s "t long]1 le/ he might be ?\ght to   
enc\rage gluttony4  ,! means he _h tak5 
to curb ! fooli% vanity ( ,bro!r ,elias1
 %[$ bo? 8 prud5ce & 8 au?ority1 & made 
su* an impression on 8 disciples1 t !re 
0 n "o ( !m :o v5tur$ to say a ^w 9     
favor ( ! vic>-g5]al1 al?\gh he _h 8    

p>tisans among/ !m4 ,"s "t aft]w>ds1 !  
,patri>* _h an opportunity ( tak+ (f !  
prohibition ( eat+ meat1 9 consequ5ce ( 
a wond]ful ev5t :i* is wor?y ( be+      
record$4  ,a "y man 9 ! dress ( a       
travell]1 came 9 ha/e to ! door ( !     
,conv5t ( ,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels1 & said  
to ,bro!r ,masse1 :o 0 ! port]3--,i wi% 
to speak to ,bro!r ,francis1 b ,i "k he 
is m$itat+ 9 ! woods2 call ,bro!r ,elias
 to me1 :o is said to be le>n$ & prud5t1
 9 ord] t he may satisfy a d\bt :i*     
presses ^u me4 ,! port] 0 turn$ away by 
,bro!r ,elias1 & 0 puzzl$ :at reply to  
give ! /rang]1 n to sc&alize him1 & n to
 say :at 0 untrue4 ,! "y man anticipat$ 
him1 say+3 ,bro!r ,elias does n *oose to
 come1 ,i mu/ !re=e beg y to g to ,bro!r
 ,francis1 9 ord] t he may ord] him to  
come to speak to me4 ,masse w5t1 & did z
 he 0 reque/$1 & ,francis1 hav+ 8 eyes  
fix$ on heav51 said1 )\t *ang+ 8        
position3--,g & tell ,bro!r ,elias t ,i 
ord] him to speak to ! "y man4  ,?is    
ord] vex$ ,elias1 & he came to ! door 9 

great irritation1 ask+ :at he 0 want$ =8
 ,d n be angry1 said ! "y man1 ,i ask y1
 if ^? :o pr(ess to foll[ ! ,gospel may 
n eat :atev] is giv5 to !m1 z ,jesus    
,*ri/ has obs]v$2 & if any "o may       
rightfully direct ! contr>y8 ,elias1    
seiz+ ha/ily ! door to %ut x1 said3--,i 
"k all t1 & h no answ] to give y b3 g   
y\r ways4 ,! "y man repli$3--,i _c tell 
:at y w\ld answ]1 b ,i "k v well t y    
ought to give an answ]4  ,:5 ,elias got 
calm 9 8 cell1 he reflect$ on :at _h    
pass$1 & on :at w\ld be prop] to say 9  
answ] to ! "q :i* _h be5 put to him2 &1 
f9d+ x difficult1 & be+ sorry t he _h   
giv5 ! "y man s ungraci\s a reception1 9
 :om he ?\ght he _h rem>k$ some?+       
extraord9>y1 he return$ to speak to him1
 b he 0 gone & c\ld n be f\nd4 ,francis 
le>n$ f ,god t x 0 an angel1 &1 on 8    
return to ! conv5t1 he said to ,bro!r   
,elias3--,y d :at is n "r2 y turn       
contemptu\sly away angels :o come f ,god
 to visit & in/ruct u2 ,i greatly fe> t 
y\r pride w r5d] y unwor?y ( ! humble   

in/itution ( ,fri>s ,m9or1 & t y w die  
out ( t /ate4 ,x 0 !n t he revok$ !     
/atute :i* =bade eat+ meat4  ,b]n>d (   
,qu9tavalle return+ f ,spa9 & be+ on !  
bord] ( a riv] :i* he c\ld n cross1 !   
same angel appe>$ to him 9 ! same =m1 & 
greet$ him 9 ! ,italian language4       
,b]n>d1 surpris$ at he>+ ! language ( 8 
c\ntry1 & tak5 ) ! good looks ( ! "y man
 :o address$ him1 ask$ him f :5ce he    
came4 ,! angel !n told him :at _h j     
occurr$ betwe5 him & ,bro!r ,elias4 ,he 
took him by ! h&1 c>ri$ him across !    
riv]1 & disappe>$1 leav+ him s full (   
consolation1 t he _h no fatigue dur+ !  
rema9d] ( 8 j\rney4 ,:5 he arriv$ 9     
,italy1 & _h relat$ ! circum/ance1 ) !  
day & h\r1 he f\nd t x 0 9 fact ! same  
angel4  ,be=e ! op5+ ( ! *apt]1         
,francis1 reflect+ m\rnfully on !       
relaxation :i* _h be5 introduc$ into 8  
,ord] by ^? :o ought to h be5 mo/ zeal\s
 9 promot+ ! purity ( its obs]vance1 _h 
a vision :i* 0 v extraord9>y4 ,a great  
/atue appe>$ be=e him1 & he saw x ) 8   

bodily eyes2 x greatly resembl$ t :i*   
,nabu*odonosor _h se5 9 a dream1 !      
int]pretation ( :i* _h be5 giv5 him by !
 ,prophet ,daniel4 ,god *ose to employ  
?is mode to acqua9t ! holy ,patri>* ) ! 
v>i\s revolutions :i* w\ld take place 9 
8 ,ord]1 & he signifi$ !m to him by !   
/atue itself1 by ! diff]5t metals ( :i* 
x 0 compos$1 ei!r ?us to modify by ^!   
humiliat+ =e%[+s ! honor :i* he d]iv$ f 
be+ ! ,f\nd] ( s wond]ful a "w z t ( !  
e/abli%m5t ( 8 ,ord]2 or to inspire him 
) ! int5tion ( s5d+ up f]v5t pray]s to  
heav51 :i* %\ld draw d[n graces on 8    
flock at all times1 :i*1 9 fact1 he did 
) a pr(usion ( te>s2 or1 9 f9e1 x 0 a   
=esight giv5 him ( ! relaxations :i*    
w\ld be introduc$1 to enable him to     
advise 8 religi\s to be m vigilant1 z   
,/4 ,paul _h pr$ict$ ! errors &         
irregul>ities :i* 7 to occur 9 ! ,*ur*1 
9 ord] to excite ! vigilance ( ! bi%ops4
  ,9 ,nabu*odonosor's vision1 a /one 0  
sep>at$ f ! m\nta91 :i*1 /rik+ ! feet ( 
! /atue1 %iv]$ x to pieces2 ! /atue 0   

:olly brok51 & disappe>$4 ,?is did n    
occur 9 ! vision :i* ,francis _h2 = !   
great body ( religion :i* x repres5t$1  
:i* has _h its vicissitudes1 z all o!rs 
7& ) m lu/re ?an any1 because ( its m   
ext5sive & great] exposure to ! eyes ( !
 public7 has nev]!less cont9u$ to h     
exi/5ce1 to ma9ta9 itself1 to s]ve !    
,*ur* at all times1 & to furni% x )     
sa9ts4 ,x has ev5 (t5 r5ew$ itself )    
features :i* br+ to m9d its primitive   
beauty2 by :i* x may be said to be a    
type ( ! my/ical body ( ,jesus ,*ri/1   
:i* not)/&+ ! decay ( ages1 does n cease
 to h vigor\s & heal?y memb]s :o are z  
f]v5t z ^? ( ! e>lie/ p]iods4  ,! holy  
,f\nd] hav+ li/5$ to all t 0 said aga9/ 
! gov]nm5t ( ,bro!r ,elias1 & to :at he 
_h alleg$ 9 8 ju/ification1 held 8 *apt]
 on ! ,fe/ival ( ,/4 ,mi*ael1 9 !       
,conv5t ( ,portiuncula4 ,he sub/itut$   
,bro!r ,gratian1 9 ! place ( ,bro!r     
,john ( ,/ra*ia1 z ,prov9cial (         
,bologna1 ( :i* we h spok5 be=e2 &      
,bro!r ,pet] ( ,catania1 9 place (      

,bro!r ,elias4 ,pet] _h be5 ! second ( 8
 disciples1 & into 8 h&s he committ$ !  
:ole guidance ( 8 ,ord]1 n only because 
he did n ?9k himself able to look to x 9
 p]son1 on acc\nt ( ! multitude (       
religi\s n[ belong+ to x1 & on acc\nt ( 
8 infirmity1 b 9 ord] to improve himself
 9 ! virtue ( humility1 to :i* he 0 s   
mu* atta*$4  ,he !n assembl$ !m &       
said3--,i am n[ dead to y all2 !re is   
,pet] ( ,catania1 :o is y\r sup]ior1 :om
 h5ce=w>d we mu/ all obey1 y & ,i1 &    
pro/rat+ himself at ! feet ( ,pet]1 he  
promis$ to obey him 9 all ?+s z m9i/]   
g5]al ( ! ,ord]4 ,?is title ( m9i/]     
g5]al 0 displeas+ to ! religi\s1 :o did 
n wi% x %\ld be giv5 to any "o dur+ !   
lifetime ( _! ,fa!r1 & !y agre$ t he :o 
took 8 place %\ld only h ! title ( vic> 
g5]al4  ,francis be+ on 8 knees1 ) 8 h&s
 clasp$1 & 8 eyes lift$ up to heav51    
said1 ) affect+ emotion3 ,my ,"l ,jesus 
,*ri/1 ,i recomm5d to ,!e ?is family1   
:i* is ,?9e own1 & :i* up to ?is mom5t  
,?\ ha/ confid$ to me4 ,?\ kn[e/ t my   

infirmities incapacitate me f hav+ any  
long] ! c>e ( x2 ,i leave x 9 ! h&s ( ! 
m9i/]s2 if x %\ld s happ5 t on _! "p1   
neglig5ce1 sc&al1 or too great sev]ity1 
%\ld be ! cause ( any "o ( ! bre?r5     
p]i%+1 !y w r5d] to ,!e1 ,o ,"l1 an     
acc\nt ( x at ! day ( judgem5t4  ,f t "t
 till 8 dea? he cont9u$ z mu* z x 0 9 8 
p[] 9 ! humble /ate ( an inf]ior1 al?\gh
 he did n fail to communicate to !      
sup]iors ! lights :i* ,god gave him = ! 
good gov]nm5t ( ! ,ord]1 & on sev]al    
occasions he c\ld n avoid act+ z its    
,f\nd] & ,g5]al4  ,/4 ,dom9ic1 8 fri5d1 
_h simil> feel+s z to ! employm5ts (    
(fice4 ,9 ?is ye> he held ! fir/ *apt] (
 8 ,ord] at ,bologna1 & wi%$ to resign !
 /ation ( sup]ior1 ( :i* 8 humility made
 him consid] himself incapable &        
unwor?y2 b 8 religi\s w\ld n p]mit x4   
,^! h be5 ! feel+s ( all ! sa9ts1       
because !y knew t1 = ! purpose (        
salvation1 x is saf] to obey ?an to     
comm&4 ,eight days be=e ! *apt]1 ,pope  
,honori\s issu$ a bull address$ to      

,francis1 & to ! sup]iors ( ! ,fri>s    
,m9or1 by :i* he =bade !m to receive any
 "o to pr(ession1 unless aft] a         
twelvemon?'s probation1 & direct+ t1    
aft] pr(ession1 no "o :osoev] %\ld leave
 ! ord]2 =bidd+1 also1 any p]sons f     
receiv+ su* z %\ld quit x4 ,:at gave    
rise to ?is measure 0 t1 at ! comm5cem5t
 ( ! ,ord] ( ,fri>s ,m9or1 & ( t ( !    
,prea*]s1 !re 7 "s :o made _! pr(ession 
)\t a novitiate1 accord+ z ! sup]iors   
?\ght prop] "u diff]5t circum/ances1 &  
?is sort ( precipitate engagem5t 0 f\nd 
to h its inconv5i5ces4  ,pet] (         
,catania1 act+ z vic> g5]al1 & f9d+ t he
 c\ld n provide = ! multitude ( religi\s
 :o came to ! ,conv5t ( ,/4 ,m>y ( !    
,angels1 z to ! *ief mona/]y ( ! ,ord]1 
?\ght t1 9 ord] to provide = ?is1 "s    
portion ( ! prop]ty ( ! novices might be
 reta9$2 on :i* he consult$ ,francis to 
"k :e!r he ?\ght ! sugge/ion prop]1 & if
 he w\ld p]mit x4 ,francis said3 ,my de>
 bro!r1 ,god pres]ve u f ?is sort (     
*>ity1 :i* w\ld r5d] u impi\s 9 respect 

to our rule1 9 ord] to acquire          
consid]ation 9 ! sight ( m54 ,! vic> !n 
ask+ :at he %\ld d = ! relief ( ! gue/s2
 ,/rip ! alt> ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 repli$
 ,francis1 take away all ! ornam5ts :i* 
are !re2 ! ,"l w s5d y :at is requisite 
to re/ore to 8 ,"m :at we %all employ 9 
*>ity4 ,believe firmly t ! ,virg9 w be  
pleas$ to see h] alt> /ripp$1 r ?an t   
!re %\ld be any contrav5tion ( ! ,gospel
 ( h] ,son2 & he took occasion aga9     
/r5u\sly to recomm5d holy pov]ty4  ,he  
also said _m ?+s relative to books1 to  
sci5ce1 & to prea*+1 :i* w be record$ 9 
ano!r "p ( 8 life4 ,bro!r ,cas> (       
,spires1 :o _h be5 pr(essor ( !ology    
be=e becom+ a ,fri> ,m9or1 & :o 0 a man 
( great piety1 hav+ he>d all t ! ,fa!r  
said on ! subject ( sci5ce1 & ! le>n$1  
_h a long conv]sation ) him on ! /ate ( 
8 s\l1 & on ! obs]vance ( ! rule1 :i* he
 conclud$ ?us3 ,my ,fa!r1 ,i h made a   
firm resolution1 ) ,god's grace1 to     
obs]ve ! ,gospel & ! rule1 accord+ to ! 
in/ruction ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 until my     

dea?2 & n[1 ,i h a favor to ask y1 :i*  
is t1 if x may happ5 9 my lifetime t "s 
%\ld sw]ve f x1 z y h =etold1 y give me 
y\r bless+ f ?is mom5t1 & y\r leave to  
sep>ate myself f su* transgressors1 9   
ord] t ,i may adh]e to ! rule alone ) ^?
 :o h a l zeal ) myself4 ,rejoic+ at ?is
 proposition1 ,francis embrac$ him &    
bless$ him1 say+3 ,"k1 my son1 t :at y  
solicit is grant$ to y by ,jesus ,*ri/1 
& by me2 & plac+ 8 h&s on 8 head1 he    
add$3 ,?\ art a prie/ =ev] accord+ to ! 
ord] ( ,mel*is$e*--! holy man desir+ to 
h x und]/ood !reby t all ! promises he  
_h receiv$ f ,jesus ,*ri/1 w\ld h _!    
accompli%m5t to ! end1 9 ^? :o adh]$ to 
! rule4  ,x 0 at ?is "t t he address$ a 
lett] to ! religi\s ( 8 ,ord]1 &        
p>ticul>ly to ! prie/s1 ^u ! pr(\nd     
v5]ation :i* we ought to h = t augu/    
my/]y ( ! ,eu*>i/4  ,9 ! c\rse ( ! ye>  
#abbj1 ,francis receiv$ ! news ( !      
m>tyrdom ( ! five religi\s :om he _h s5t
 to ,morocco4 ,we mu/ relate !          
circum/ances1 m at l5g?1 s9ce !y belong 

to ! life ( ! holy ,patria*1 :o gave ?is
 mission to ^! valor\s soldi]s ( ,jesus 
,*ri/1 & s9ce !y are ! fir/ m>tyrs ( !  
,ord]4  ,b]>dus1 ,pet]1 ,o?o1 ,ajut1    
,accursus1 & ,vital1 _! sup]ior1 hav+   
left ,italy = ,morocco1 aft] hav+       
receiv$ _! ,fa!r's bless+1 z has already
 be5 notic$1 arriv$ %ortly aft] 9 !     
k+dom ( ,arragon4 ,!re ,vital 0 deta9$  
"s "t by a l+]+ illness1 :i* induc$ him 
to ?9k t x 0 n ,god's w t he %\ld       
cont9ue 8 j\rney4 ,he !re=e let ! o!r   
five proce$1 :o soon rea*$ ,coimbra1 & 7
 favorably receiv$ by ,urraca1 que5 (   
,portugal1 ! wife ( ,k+ ,alphonso ,,ii4 
,?is pr9cess conceiv$ s high an op9ion (
 _! virtue & plac$ su* confid5ce 9 !m1 t
 %e entreat$ !m to pray to ,god to in=m 
!m ( ! "t at :i* %e %\ld die4 ,!y       
promis$ to d s1 al?\gh !y consid]$      
!mselves unwor?y ( mak+ su* a reque/2 b 
!y 7 s favorably he>d1 t !y =etold to ! 
que5 t !y 7 to suff] m>tyrdom ) all !   
circum/ances !re(2 t _! relics w\ld be  
br\ght to ,coimbra1 & t %e w\ld receive 

!m honorably1 aft] :i* %e w\ld be call$ 
f ?is _w4 ,pr$ictions :i* 7 fully       
v]ifi$4 ,!y w5t f !nce to ,alanqu]1 :]e 
! ,pr9cess ,sancia1 si/] to ! k+ (      
,portugal1 approv+ _! plans1 induc$ !m  
to put secul> clo?+ ov] _! religi\s     
habits1 )\t :i* precaution !y w\ld n h  
be5 able to pass into ! t]ritories (    
,morocco4  ,hav+ rea*$ ,seville1 :i* 0  
!n occupi$ by ! ,moors1 !y rema9$ a week
 conceal$ 9 ! h\se ( a ,*ri/ian1 :]e !y 
?rew (f _! secul> clo?+4 ,_! zeal induc$
 !m to g =?1 & !y got z f> z ! pr9cipal 
mosque1 :i* !y attempt$ to ent] 9 ord]  
to prea* to ! infidels1 b !y 7 driv5    
back ) l\d cries & sev]ely beat54 ,f    
!nce !y w5t to ! gate ( ! palace1 say+ t
 !y 7 ambassadors s5t to ! k+ f ,jesus  
,*ri/1 ! ,k+ ( k+s4 ,!y 7 introduc$1 &  
said _m ?+s relative to ! ,*ri/ian      
religion1 to induce ! k+ to be conv]t$ &
 receive baptism2 b !y aft]w>ds add$ mu*
 aga9/ ,mahomet & aga9/ 8 law1 :i*      
irritat$ him to su* a degree1 t he ord]$
 !m to be behead$2 b be+ mollifi$ by !  

entreaties ( 8 son1 he 0 satisfi$ ) hav+
 !m conf9$ at ! top ( a t[]1 f :5ce he  
_h !m remov$ to ! gr\nd-floor1 because1 
f above1 !y cont9u$ to speak ( ,jesus   
,*ri/1 & aga9/ ! prophet1 to ^? :o ent]$
 ! palace4 ,hav+ caus$ !m to be aga9    
br\ght be=e him1 he engag$ to p>don !m1 
if !y w\ld *ange _! religion3 ,pr9ce1 !y
 repli$1 w\ld to ,god t y w\ld h m]cy on
 y\rself6 ,treat u z y ?9k prop]4 ,x is 
9 y\r p[] to take away our lives1 b we  
are sure t dea? w lead u to a glori\s   
immortality4 ,! k+1 see+ _! un%akeable  
firmness1 s5t !m1 by ! advice ( 8       
c\ncil1 to ,morocco1 ) ,don ,p$ro       
,f]n&as de ,ca/ro1 a g5tlem5 ( ,ca/ile1 
& "s o!r ,*ri/ians4  ,!y f\nd !re !     
,infant ,don ,p$ro ( ,portugal1 :o _h   
retir$ to t c\ntry 9 consequ5ce ( "s    
misund]/&+ :i* he _h ) 8 bro!r1 ,k+     
,alphonso1 & :o n[ comm&$ ! troops ( !  
k+ ( ,morocco4 ,?is pr9ce receiv$ !m )  
great respect & *>ity z apo/olical m51 &
 _h !m provid$ ) e ?+ necess>y = _!     
subsi/5ce4 ,kn[+ :at _h occurr$ to !m at

 ,seville1 9 consequ5ce ( _! prea*+1 &  
see+ t1 consequ5tly1 !y 7 /ill 9 a /ate 
( great weakness1 he endeavor$ to       
dissuade !m f do+ ! same ?+ 9 ,morocco2 
b ! g5]\s mission>ies1 solely int5t ^u  
_! pi\s object1 ceas$ n to prea* )\t any
 fe>1 :]ev] !y met ) any ,s>ac5s4  ,"o  
day1 :5 ,b]>dus 0 giv+ in/ruction to ! p
 & 0 declaim+ aga9/ ,mahomet f a wagon1 
! k+ pass$ by1 go+ to visit ! tombs ( 8 
pr$ecessors1 & see+ t he cont9u$ 8 talk+
 not)/&+ 8 pres5ce1 he ?\ght ! declaim] 
mu/ be out ( 8 m9d1 & in/antly direct$ t
 all ! five %\ld be driv5 out ( ! t[n1 &
 s5t back to ! c\ntry ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,! 
,infant ,don ,juan gave !m an escort to 
convey !m to ,ceuta1 :5ce !y 7 to emb>k4
 ,on ! road1 !y got /eal?ily away f _!  
escort1 & return$ to ,morocco1 :]e !y   
recomm5c$ prea*+ 9 ! great squ>e4 ,! k+1
 be+ in=m$ ( ?is1 became greatly        
irritat$1 & _h !m imprison$1 9 ord] to  
/>ve !m to dea?4 ,!y 7 !re tw5ty days   
)\t food or dr9k4  ,dur+ ?is "t ! heat  
became s excessive & caus$ s mu*        

sickness1 t x 0 ?\ght t ! h& ( ,god fell
 heavily ^u !m to av5ge 8 s]vants4 ,! k+
 became al>m$1 & by ! advice ( a ,s>ac5 
nam$ ,abatur9o1 :o lov$ ! ,*ri/ians1 he 
lib]at$ ! prison]s4 ,!y 7 extremely     
surpris$ to f9d t1 aft] tw5ty days'     
conf9em5t1 )\t any n\ri%m5t :atsoev]1 !y
 came out 9 full heal? & /r5g?4  ,z soon
 z !y _h left ! prison1 !y 7 anxi\s to  
recomm5ce _! prea*+2 b ! o!r ,*ri/ians1 
:o 7 appreh5sive ( ! wra? ( ! k+1 oppos$
 !mselves to x1 & _h !m tak5 to ! place 
( emb>kation2 b !y aga9 made _! escape1 
& return$ to ,morocco4 ,!n ! ,infant    
,don ,p$ro 0 induc$ to keep !m 9 8      
palace1 & to place gu>ds ov] !m to      
prev5t _! appe>+ 9 public4  ,?is pr9ce  
be+ oblig$ to set out1 "s %ort "t aft]1 
to take ! comm& ( ! army :i* ! k+ s5t   
aga9/ "s rebels1 he took ! ,fri>s ,m9or 
) him1 z well z sev]al o!r ,*ri/ians1   
fe>+ le/1 dur+ 8 abs5ce1 !y %\ld escape 
f ^? :o _h *>ge ( !m4 ,z he return$     
victori\s1 8 army 0 ?ree days )\t wat]1 
& 0 r$uc$ to ! greate/ di/ress4 ,bro!r  

,b]n>dus resort$ to pray]1 & hav+ made a
 hole 9 ! gr\nd ) a pickaxe1 he caus$ a 
spr+ to fl[ f x1 :i* suffic$ = ! :ole   
army1 & enabl$ !m to fill _! goat-sk9s1 
aft] :i* x dri$ up4 ,s palpable a       
miracle procur$ = !m f all p>ts !       
greate/ v5]ation4 ,_m ev5 w5t s f> z to 
kiss _! feet4  ,:5 !y return$ to        
,morocco1 ! ,infant cont9u$ to take !   
same precautions z be=e1 to prev5t _!   
appe>+ 9 public2 nev]!less1 !y f\nd     
means to get out secretly "o ,friday1 & 
to pres5t !mselves be=e ! k+1 z he 0    
pass+1 accord+ to 8 cu/om1 to visit !   
tombs ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,b]>dus aga9 got 
^u a wagon1 & spoke 9 8 pres5ce )       
a/oni%+ intrepidity4 ,! k+1 irritat$    
beyond control1 gave ord]s to "o ( !    
pr9ces ( 8 c\rt to h !m put to dea?4    
,?is pr9ce only _h !m put 9 prison1     
because he _h witness$ ! miracle :i* we 
h record$ above4  ,!y 7 v ill-treat$ 9  
?is conf9em5t1 b cont9u$ to prea* ev5   
!re1 :5 !re 7 ei!r ,*ri/ians or ,s>ac5s 
to li/5 to !m4 ,all ?is occurr$ t[>ds ! 

end ( ! ye> #abai4  ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! ye>
 #abbj1 ! ,s>ac5 pr9ce :o _h receiv$ !  
ord] to put !m to dea?1 hav+ s5t = !m f 
! prison1 f\nd !m v firm 9 _! fai?1 & t 
!y spoke ) ! same boldness aga9/ _!     
prophet ,mahomet4 ,he 0 s enrag$ at ?is1
 t1 =getful ( ! miracle he _h witness$  
on ! return ( ! army1 he direct$ !m to  
be kept sep>at$ & tortur$ 9 v>i\s ways4 
,!y ti$ _! h&s & feet1 & dragg$ !m along
 ! gr\nd by a cord fa/5$ r\nd _! necks1 
& !y 7 s cruelly sc\rg$ t _! b[els ne>ly
 protrud$4 ,?irty m5 :o 7 employ$ = ?is 
cruel s]vice did n leave !m till !y _h  
p\r$ boil+ v9eg> & oil into _! w\nds1 & 
roll$ !m ^u brok5 pieces ( e>!nw>e cov]$
 ) /raw4  ,"s ( ^? :o gu>d$ !m1 saw a   
great light :i* came f ,heav51 & :i*    
seem$ to raise ^! religi\s up1 ) an     
innum]able numb] ( o!r p]sons2 !y ?\ght 
t !y _h left ! prison & ent]$ x 9 great 
ha/e1 :]e !y f\nd !m 9 f]v5t pray]4  ,! 
k+ ( ,morocco1 in=m$ ( :at _h be5 done1 
desir$ t !y might be br\ght into 8      
pres5ce4 ,!y br\ght !m to him1 _! h&s   

ti$1 & !y 7 driv5 9 ) bl[s & cuffs4 ,a  
,s>ac5 pr9ce :o met !m endeavor$ to     
induce !m to embrace ! law ( ,mahomet4  
,bro!r ,o?o reject$ ! proposition )     
horror & spat on ! gr\nd1 to m>k 8      
contempt ( su* a religion2 ?is br\ght ^u
 him a sev]e box on ! e>1 ^u :i* he     
turn$ ! o!r side1 accord+ to ! direction
 ( ! ,gospel1 & said to ! pr9ce3--,may  
,god =give !e1 = ?\ kn[e/ n :at ?\ doe/4
  ,:5 !y _h rea*$ ! palace1 ! k+ said to
 !m3 ,are y !n ^? impi\s p]sons :o      
despise ! true fai?1 ^? fooli% p]sons :o
 blaspheme ! prophet s5t f ,god8 ,o k+1 
!y answ]$1 we h no contempt = ! true    
fai?2 on ! contr>y1 we are ready to     
suff] & die 9 its def5ce2 b we dete/ y\r
 fai?1 & ! wick$ man :o 0 its au?or4 ,! 
k+1 imag9+ t he might p]haps ga9 !m ov] 
by ! love ( pleasure1 ( ri*es or (      
honors1 said to !m1 9 po9t+ out to !m "s
 ,s>ac5 wom5 :om he _h br\ght !re on    
purpose3 ,i w give y ^? wom5 = wives1   
toge!r ) l>ge sums ( money1 & y %all be 
highly e/eem$ 9 my k+dom1 if y w embrace

 ! law ( ,mahomet2 if n1 y %all die by !
 sword4 ,! confessors ( ! fai? answ]$   
)\t hesitat+3 ,we want nei!r y\r wom5   
nor y\r money3 keep ^? = y\rself1 & let 
,jesus ,*ri/ be = u4 ,subject u to :at  
tortures y please1 & take away our      
lives4 ,all suff]+ is light to u1 :5 we 
?9k ( ! glories ( heav54 ,!n ! k+1 hav+ 
lo/ all hopes ( ov]com+ !m1 took 8      
scimit>1 & ) 8 own h& split _! skulls 9 
two2 & ?us 0 complet$ ! m>tyrdom ( !    
five ,fri>s ,m9or1 on ! #af? ( ,janu>y1 
#abbj4  ,_! bodies1 hav+ be5 dragg$ out 
( ! t[n & cut to pieces by ! infidels1 7
 collect$ by ! ,*ri/ians2 & ! ,infant   
,don ,p$ro took !m into ,spa91 f :5ce he
 s5t !m into ,portugal to ,k+ ,alphonso1
 n d>+ z yet to revisit 8 own c\ntry4   
,?is k+1 accompani$ by ,que5 ,urraca &  
"s ( ! gr&ees ( ! k+dom1 came ) ! cl]gy 
to meet !m1 & _h !m plac$ ) great pomp 9
 ! mona/]y ( ,regul> ,canons ( ! ,holy  
,cross1 at ,coimbra1 :]e !y /ill are4 ,!
 celebrat$ miracles :i* 7 a*iev$ !re 9  
great numb]s z well z ^? :i* 7 p]=m$ 9  

,morocco1 & on ! way to ,europe1 are    
record$ by contempor>y au?ors1 :o h     
writt5 _! acts4 ,pope ,sixtus ,,iv      
recogniz$ !m solemnly z m>tyrs1 9 ! ye> 
#adfa1 & gave p]mission to ! religi\s to
 say _! (fice4  ,at ! "t ( _! dea?1 !   
,pr9cess ,sancia ( ,portugal1 0 9 ! act 
( pray]2 !y appe>$ to h] ) a bloody     
scimit> 9 _! h&s & told h] t by _!      
m>tyrdom !y 7 on _! way to heav51 :]e !y
 w\ld pray to ,god cont9ually = h] &    
w\ld ?us rew>d ! good %e _h done !m4    
,:at !y _h =etold ,que5 ,urraca1 z to ! 
"t ( h] dea?1 came to pass1 & h]        
confessor1 a canon regul> ( ,santa      
,cruz1 a mo/ exempl>y man1 ( great      
piety1 0 made acqua9t$ ) x by a v       
m>vell\s vision4 ,a %ort "t aft] !      
bodies ( ^! glori\s m>tyrs _h be5 plac$ 
9 ! *ur* ( ?is mona/]y1 he saw 9 !      
middle ( ! night ! *oir fill$ )         
religi\s1 :o 7 s++ v melodi\sly1 :i*    
surpris$ him exce$+ly1 nei!r kn[+ :at   
br\ght !m !re1 nor h[ !y got 94 ,he ask$
 "o ( !m1 :o repli$3 ,we are all ,fri>s 

,m9or4 ,he :om y see at ! head1 is      
,bro!r ,francis1 :om y h long$ s mu* to 
see2 & ! five :o are m respl5d5t ?an !  
re/1 are ! m>tyrs ( ,morocco1 :o are    
honor$ 9 ?is *ur*4 ,our ,"l has s5t u   
hi!r 9 ord] to pray = ,que5 ,urraca1 :o 
is dead1 & :o _h great affection = our  
,ord]2 & he has will$ t y %\ld see all  
?is1 because y 7 h] confessor4 ,! vision
 disappe>$1 & ! confessor's door 0      
imm$iately knock$ at1 to communicate to 
him t ! que5 0 dead4  ,! sev]e v5geance 
) :i* ,god visit$ ! k+ ( ,morocco & 8   
subjects 0 also notic$4 ,! "r h& ) :i*  
?is pr9ce _h /ruck ! holy m>tyrs1 & !   
:ole ( 8 "r side1 f ! head to ! feet1 0 
p>alyz$ & became p]fectly dry4 ,dur+    
?ree ye>s1 no ra9 fell 9 ! :ole c\ntry1 
& an inf9ity ( p di$ by pe/il5ce &      
fam9e1 :i* sc\rges la/$ five ye>s1 ,god 
*oos+ to proportion ! duration ( !      
puni%m5t to ! numb] ( ! m>tyrs4  ,all ^!
 m>vels :i* he wr\ght 9 _! favor1 & !   
title ( m>tyrs1 :i* ! ,*ur* gives !m1   
mu/ conv9ce e fai?ful ,*ri/ian1         

enlight5$ by ! wisdom :i* is f above1 t 
x 0 by a p>ticul> impulse f ! ,holy     
,gho/ t !y expos$ !mselves to dea? ) s  
mu* ardor1 aga9/ ! advice ( ! o!r       
,*ri/ians4 ,human prud5ce is v ra% :5 x 
takes ^u itself to blame :at is approv$ 
by ,god & by ,8 ,*ur*4  ,x w\ld be      
difficult to express ! joy :i* fill$ !  
he>t ( ,francis1 :5 he le>n$ t 8 bre?r5 
_h suff]$ m>tyrdom4 ,he said to ^? :o 7 
) him3--,x is n[ t ,i c re/ assur$ t ,i 
h _h five true ,fri>s ,m9or6 & he call$ 
d[n a ?\s& bless+s on ! conv5t (        
,alanqu]1 :]e !y _h prep>$ !mselves =   
m>tyrdom1 :i* _h su* effect1 t !re h be5
 always s9ce a great numb] ( religi\s   
!re1 & at lea/ "o :o has be5 di/+ui%$ = 
religi\s p]fection4  ,bro!r ,vital1 :o  
_h be5 ! sup]ior ( ^! g5]\s m>tyrs1 0   
delight$ on he>+ ( _! triumph1 & greatly
 regrett$ n hav+ %>$ !re94 ,x 0 n 9     
good-w t he 0 defici5t2 he 0 only arre/$
 by 8 illness1 ( :i* he di$ at ,s>agossa
 "s "t aft]w>ds4  ,"o ( ! au?ors ( !    
life ( ,/4 ,dom9ic1 tells u t ?is great 

patri>*1 :o held 8 g5]al *apt] at ! "t1 
0 9 ec/asies ( joy1 :5 he he>d t five   
,fri>s ,m9or _h receiv$ ! cr[n (        
m>tyrdom2 t he look$ ^u x z ! fir/      
fruits ( ! plans ( 8 fri5d ,francis1 &1 
at ! same "t1 z a p[]ful inc5tive = 8   
bre?r5 to aspire to :at is mo/ p]fect1  
:i* is to suff] = ! fai? ( ,jesus ,*ri/4
 ,! ,fri>s ,prea*]s h pr(it$ by !       
example1 z is ev9c$ by ! great numb] (  
m>tyrs ( _! ord]1 by :om ! ,*ur* has be5
 enri*$4  ,x 0 n )\t a special          
disp5sation ( ,provid5ce t ! relics ( ! 
five m>tyrs 7 deposit$ at ,coimbra1 9 ! 
,*ur* ( ! ,canons ,regul> ( ,santa      
,cruz1 s9ce our ,"l made !m subs]ve to !
 vocation ( ,/4 ,an?ony ( ,padua1 :o is 
"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ ornam5ts ( ?is r5[n$   
,ord]4  ,he 0 a native ( ,portugal1 ( a 
v noble family ( ,lisbon1 born 9 ! ye>  
#aaie1 & _h receiv$ ! "n ( ,f]d9& 9     
,baptism4 ,! fir/ ye>s ( 8 life _h be5  
pass$ 9 innoc5ce & piety2 ! fe> ( be+   
s$uc$ by ! _w1 & ! wi% to consecrate    
himself :olly to ,god1 made him take !  

resolution1 at ! age ( fifte51 to ent] !
 ,ord] ( ,regul> ,canons1 9 ! ,conv5t ( 
,/4 ,v9c5t1 at ,lisbon4 ,two ye>s       
aft]w>ds1 9 ord] to avoid ! frequ5t     
visits ( 8 fri5ds1 :i* int]f]e ) habits 
( retirem5t1 he ask$ p]mission ( 8      
sup]ior to remove to ! conv5t ( ,santa  
,cruz at ,coimbra1 :i* is ( ! same ord]4
 ,he _h "s difficulty 9 obta9+ ?is      
leave1 because !y _h great e/eem = him  
p]sonally4 ,he made use ( ! quiet he n[ 
enjoy$ to apply himself to ! /udy (     
sacr$ lit]ature1 &1 z if he _h =ese5 :at
 he 0 to d at a future p]iod ( 8 life1  
he n only taught himself :at 0 requisite
 = 8 own sanctification1 b also :at 0   
useful = in/ruct+ o!rs 9 ! pa?s (       
virtue2 he ga!r$ also f ! ,holy         
,scriptures1 & f ! /udy ( ! ,fa!rs1 :at 
c\ld s]ve to confirm ! tru?s ( fai?1 &  
to impugn error4 ,! assiduity ) :i* he  
pursu$ 8 /udies1 toge!r ) ! excell5ce ( 
8 memory1 & 8 surpass+ tal5ts1 ) ! light
 he receiv$ f ,heav51 r5d]$ him 9 a %ort
 "t v le>n$4  ,! relics ( ! five ,fri>s 

,m9or :o _h be5 m>tyr$ at ,morocco1 &   
:i* 7 tak5 to ,santa ,cruz1 at ,coimbra1
 at t "t1 inspir$ 9 8 he>t an anxi\s    
desire to die = ,jesus ,*ri/ z !y _h    
done1 & made him ent]ta9 ! ?\ght (      
becom+ a memb] ( t ,ord]1 z ! s*ool (   
m>tyrdom4 ,"s old au?ors add t ,/4      
,francis1 :o 0 !n at ,assisi1 appe>$ to 
him1 & induc$ him to embrace 8          
,in/itute1 =etell+ him :at w\ld happ54  
,! ,fri>s ,m9or ( ! conv5t ( ,/4 ,an?ony
 ( ,oliv>es1 ne> ,coimbra1 hav+ come to 
! ,canons ,regul> ( ,santa ,cruz to     
que/1 ,f]d9& c\ld n control 8 zeal1 b   
tak+ !m aside1 he op5$ to !m ! wi% he _h
 to ent] _! community4 ,!y 7 highly     
pleas$ on he>+ ?is1 & fix$ ! day ) him =
 putt+ 8 design into execution4 ,9 !    
meantime1 he ask$ leave ( ! ,sup]ior (  
,santa ,cruz to effect ! *ange1 & )     
great difficulty obta9$ x4 ,! ,fri>s    
,m9or return$ on ! appo9t$ day1 & gave  
him ! habit ( ! ,ord]1 9 ! ,conv5t (    
,santa ,cruz itself1 & took him back )  
!m to t ( ,/4 ,an?ony4 ,! loss ( s      

e/imable a memb] 0 v di/ress+ to !      
canons2 "o ( !m :o felt x m ?an ! o!rs1 
said to him ) bitt]ness1 z he left !    
h\se3--,g1 p]haps y %all become a sa9t4 
,to :i* ,f]d9& answ]$ ) humility3--,:5 y
 he> t x is s1 y w d\btless give praise 
to ,god4 ,he 0 n satisfi$ ) hav+ *ang$ 8
 ord]2 he *ose likewise to *ange 8 "n1 9
 ord] by t means to disappo9t ^? :o     
might endeavor to seek = him2 & z ,/4   
,an?ony 0 ! titul> sa9t ( ! conv5t1 he  
begg$ ! sup]ior to call him ,an?ony1 :i*
 is ! "n he 0 ev] aft] kn[n by1 & to :i*
 0 add$ ( ,padua1 because 8 body reposes
 9 t city1 & is !re honor$ by ! fai?ful4
  ,! wi% to %$ 8 blood = ! fai? ( ,jesus
 ,*ri/1 :i* 0 ! s\rce ( 8 vocation1 0   
con/antly increas+ 9 8 m9d & gave him no
 re/4 ,he solicit$ leave f ! sup]iors to
 g into ,africa1 :i* 0 grant$ to him1 z 
_h be5 promis$ him1 :5 he ent]$ ! ,ord]4
 ,be+ come into ! l& ( ! ,s>ac5s1 he 0  
seiz$ ) a viol5t illness1 :i* conf9$ him
 ! :ole w9t]1 & oblig$ him to return to 
,spa9 9 ! spr+ = 8 recov]y4 ,he emb>k$ =

 ?is purpose1 b ! ,almighty1 :o _h de/9$
 him = ! m>tyrdom ( ! apo/olical life1 &
 :o int5d$ by 8 means to conv]t an      
inf9ity ( s\ls 9 ,italy & ,france1 gave 
him a passage 9 a contr>y direction4 ,! 
w9d drove ! vessel he 0 9 to ,sicily1   
:]e he l&$1 & f !nce he w5t to ,assisi1 
:]e we %all meet him 9 ! g5]al *apt] at 
,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels4  ,x 0 9 ! ye>     
#abbj1 t ! ,fri>s ,m9or1 ,angelus &     
,alb]t1 bo? natives ( ,pisa1 aft] hav+  
/ay$ "s "t at ,p>is 9 ord] to arrange ! 
fir/ e/abli%m5t !re1 cross$ ! *annel to 
,engl&1 :i!r ,francis _h s5t !m at !    
g5]al *apt] ( #abai4 ,! religi\s ( ,/4  
,dom9ic _h already a conv5t at          
,cant]bury1 :]e !y receiv$ ! two new    
com]s ) great *>ity4 ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iii1 :o
 reign$ at t "t1 settl$ !m ) royal      
magnific5ce at ,ox=d4 ,!re he held 8    
c\rt1 & he conceiv$ s great a lik+ = !m 
t he _h a lodge built ne> _! conv5t1 to 
:i* he occasionally retir$ 9 ord] to    
conv]se ) !m4  ,! reason :i* prim>ily   
induc$ him to %[ !m s mu* consid]ation1 

0 8 hav+ le>nt f au!ntic s\rces :at _h  
occurr$ to !m on _! j\rney f ,cant]bury 
to ,ox=d4 ,! prior1 ! sacri/an1 & !     
cell>] ( ! abbey ( ,ab+don1 :o 7 at "o (
 _! f>ms1 contr>y to ! usual practice ( 
_! ord]1 :]e hospitality is always giv51
 z recomm5d$ by ,/4 ,b5$ict1 refus$ x to
 ^! poor religi\s1 & turn$ !m f _!      
doors1 al?\gh x 0 at nightfall4 ,a "y   
religi\s1 :o 0 9 _! company1 see+ t !y 7
 ab\t to pass ! night 9 ! wood1         
introduc$ !m secretly into ! b>n1 br\ght
 !m "s food1 & recomm5d$ himself urg5tly
 to _! pray]s4 ,9 ! night he _h a       
dreadful vision ( ! ju/ice ) :i* ,god   
visit$ ! prior & ! two o!rs1 b :i* did n
 fall on him1 because he _h be5         
*>itable4 ,9 ! morn+ he w5t to !m ) a   
view ( tell+ !m :at he _h se5 9 8 sleep1
 & f\nd !m all ?ree dead 9 _! b$s4      
,/ruck ) a/oni%m5t he left ! f>m1 f :5ce
 ! two ,fri>s ,m9or _h dep>t$ be=e      
daybreak1 & w5t to relate :at _h happ5$ 
to ! abbot ( ,ab+don2 !y bo? _h s]i\s   
reflections on ?is subject1 :i* end$ 9  

_! ent]+ into ! ,ord] ( ,fri>s ,m9or4 ,s
 extraord9>y an occurr5ce c\ld n be kept
 secret2 _m p]sons he>d x2 ! k+ 0 made  
acqua9t$ ) x1 & ?is caus$ ! favorable   
reception he gave to ,angelus & ,alb]t4 
,8 op5 protection1 ) ! sanctity ( _!    
lives1 caus$ ! ,in/itute to fl\ri%      
?r\gh\t ! k+dom4 ,sev]al doctors (      
!ology embrac$ x2 & subsequ5tly ,rob]t  
,maide/on1 ,bi%op ( ,h]e=d1 an enlight5$
 prelate ( great di/9ction at c\rt1     
obta9$ leave f ,gregory ,,ix to give up 
8 bi%opric to take ! poor habit ( ,/4   
,francis1 "u :i* he became a model (    
humility & pov]ty4  ,?ree hundr$ ye>s   
aft]1 ,k+ ,h5ry ,,viii de/roy$ all ^!   
monum5ts ( sci5ce & religion1 :i* 8     
pr$ecessor ,h5ry ,,iii _h rais$ ) s mu* 
zeal1 & tyrannically treat$ ! successors
 ( ^? :o _h be5 receiv$ ) s mu*         
b5evol5ce4 ,! /range revolution :i* !   
incont95ce & h]esy ( ?is pr9ce br\ght   
ab\t 9 ,engl&1 r$uc$ ! ,fri>s ,m9or1 &  
all o!r mission>ies1 to ! necessity (   
runn+ great] risks 9 endeavor+ to ma9ta9

 ! remnant ( fai?1 ?an :at !y _h to     
incur among/ ! infidels4  ,we suppress  
all comm5t on s deplorable a subject1 & 
we are satisfi$ ) (f]+ up our pray]s to 
! ,almighty t ,he might deign to ca/ !  
eyes ( ,8 m]cy ^u ^? isl&s :i* =m]ly    
gave s _m sa9ts to ! ,*ur*2 t by ,8     
grace1 ! tal5t & le>n+ :i* are f\nd !re1
 may be employ$ 9 se>*+ = ! tru? &      
appreciat+ t tru? :i* ! illu/ri\s ,pope 
,/4 ,gregory _h taught !re 9 ! six?     
c5tury2 t ^! tal5ts may be no long]     
employ$ 9 ! def5ce ( a v>iety ( sects1  
equally at v>iance ) ! doctr9es (       
antiquity1 condemn$ by ! pr9ciples ( !  
,*ri/ian religion1 & by ! rules ( "r    
reason+2 & t x %all no long] be said t  
m5 ( le>n+ make use ( ! light !y h      
receiv$ & cultivat$1 to c\nt5ance e     
description ( falsehood2 s t1 z ,/4 ,leo
 said ( idolatr\s ,rome1 dictat+ to     
almo/ all o!r nations1 %e h]self 0 !    
slave ( all _! errors4  ,francis1 hav+  
receiv$ ! resignation ( 8 vic> g5]al1 on
 8 return f 8 visitations1 def]r$ !     

*oice ( 8 successor till ! assembly ( ! 
*apt] :i* 0 held on ,:itsunday4 ,he     
consult$ ,god on ! election1 :o made    
kn[n to him by revelation t ,bro!r      
,elias %\ld be re/or$2 he communicat$   
?is to 8 companions1 & :5 ! *apt] met1  
he nam$ ,elias vic>-g5]al4  ,we may feel
 assur$ t aft] hav+ depos$ him =        
laxness1 he w\ld n aga9 h plac$ him at !
 head ( 8 ,ord]1 _h he n be5 c]ta9 t    
,god himself _h ord]$ x4 ,z soon z !    
sa9ts are made aw>e ( ! w ( ,god1 !y h  
no ?\ght b ( obey+1 :e!r x be t !y "k ,8
 reasons1 or t !y be hidd5 f !m4 ,?us1  
?ree hundr$ ye>s be=e ,/4 ,francis1 ,/4 
,/eph51 ! ?ird ,abbot ( ,citeaux1 did n 
fail s5d+ ,arnaud to ,morimond to be its
 fir/ abbot1 al?\gh he knew by div9e    
inspiration1 t ?is po/ w\ld be          
prejudicial to him1 & t x w\ld n turn   
out well3 x 0 en\gh = him t x 0 ,god's w
 t he %\ld be s s5t4 ,?us we f9d 9 ,holy
 ,writ t ,eliseus1 by ,god's ord] to    
,elias1 consecrat$ ,hazael ,k+ ( ,syria1
 :o1 he =esaw w\ld br+ su* great evils  

on ! p ( ,god1 t ! =esight mov$ him to  
te>s4 ,human prud5ce mu/ n c5sure 9 !   
sa9ts :at !y h only done f sup]natural  
views1 aga9/ _! own impressions1 & _!   
own incl9ations4 ,9 ^! extraord9>y cases
 we mu/ only adore ! c\nsels ( ,div9e   
,wisdom1 )\t endeavor+ to p5etrate !m3  
we mu/ ackn[l$ge1 z ,tobias did1 t all  
,8 ways are ways ( m]cy1 tru?1 & ju/ice2
 & say ) "o ( ! prophets3 ,?y loss comes
 f ?yself4  ,at ! *apt] ,francis sat at 
! feet ( ,elias &1 z 8 infirmities      
prev5t$ him f mak+ himself he>d1 x 0    
?r\gh ,elias t he propos$ all t he wi%$ 
to communicate to ! assembly4 ,t[>ds !  
close he pull$ him by ! tunic & told him
 9 a l[ tone ( voice 8 int5tion ( s5d+  
"s ( ! bre?r5 into p>ts ( ,upp] ,g]many1
 into :i* !y _h n yet p5etrat$4 ,elias  
laid ! affair be=e ! bre?r5 9 ! foll[+  
t]ms3 ,my bre?r51 ?is is :at ! ,bro!r   
says 7= ?us !y designat$ ,francis1 z a  
m>k ( great respect74 ,!re is a "p (    
,g]many1 ! inhabitants ( :i* are        
,*ri/ians & dev\t2 !y g1 z y "k1 ?r\gh  

our c\ntry dur+ ! heats ) long /aves &  
great jack-boots1 s++ ! praises ( ,god &
 ,8 sa9ts1 & ?us visit ! places (       
devotion4 ,i s5t "s ( our bre?r5 into _!
 l&1 :o return$ (t5 hav+ be5 sorely     
ill-treat$4 ,= ?is reason1 ,i compel no 
"o to g ?i!r1 b if !re are any          
suffici5tly zeal\s = ! glory ( ,god & ! 
salvation ( s\ls1 to und]take ?is j\rney
 ,i promise him ! same m]it z is atta*$ 
to ob$i5ce1 & ev5 m ?an if he made a    
voyage ov] ! sea4  ,ab\t n9ety (f]$     
!mselves = ! mission :i* !y consid]$ z  
an opportunity = suff]+ m>tyrdom4 ,!    
*ief 0 nam$ ) ! title ( ,prov9cial      
,m9i/] ( ,g]many1 & ,bro!r ,caes>1 a    
,g]man1 0 select$ = t (fice4 ,he 0 an   
ecclesia/ic ( ,spire1 :o _h be5 drawn   
into ! ,ord] by ! prea*+ ( ,bro!r       
,elias1 "s "t be=e1 he himself hav+ ! "*
 ( a good prea*]4 ,he _h p]mission to   
select ^? :om he desir$ to take ) him f 
among ^? :o _h volunte]$2 h[ev]1 he only
 *ose tw5ty-sev51 twelve ( :om 7 prie/s1
 & fifte5 lay-bre?r51 among :om !re 7 "s

 ,g]mans1 & "s ,hung>ians1 excell5t     
prea*]s4 ,he rema9$ ne>ly ?ree mon?s 9 !
 ,valley ( ,spoleto1 ) leave f ,francis1
 & s5t 8 companions into ,lomb>dy to    
prep>e !mselves = ! great "w !y 7 ab\t  
to und]take2 !n !y set =? divid+        
!mselves into small gr\ps ( ?ree & f\r4 
,we %all fur!r on give ! details ( _!   
j\rney1 & ( _! labors & success4  ,9 !  
*oice :i* ,cas> made ( ^? :om he ?\ght  
adapt$ to ! ,g]man mission1 some?+      
occurr$ :i* at fir/ 0 amus+1 b :i* turn$
 out v s]i\s & v useful4 ,"s "o hav+    
sugge/$ to him to take "o ( ! bre?r5    
nam$ ,j\rda91 he w5t to him & said3--,& 
y ,bro!r ,j\rda91 y w come ) u8 ,i8     
repli$ he1 ,i am n "o ( y\rs2 if ,i rose
 up1 x 0 n ) any int5tion ( go+ ) y1 x 0
 to embrace ^? :o 7 ab\t to g into      
,g]many1 & :o1 ,i am c]ta91 w all be    
m>tyr$4 ,he 0 s appreh5sive t ! ,g]mans 
by _! cruelty1 & ! h]etics ( ,lomb>dy by
 _! artifices1 w\ld be ! causes ( 8 los+
 8 fai?1 t he daily pray$ to ,god = !   
favor ( be+ kept away f ! "o & f ! o!r4 

,cas>1 cont9u+ to urge him to g ) him1 &
 ,j\rda9 cont9u+ to refuse1 !y w5t to ! 
vic> g5]al1 :o1 aft] hav+ be5 in=m$ h[ !
 matt] /ood1 said to ,j\rda93--,my      
bro!r1 ,i comm& y1 on y\r holy ob$i5ce1 
to decide absolutely ^u go+ into ,g]many
 or n go+4 ,?is ord] put 8 consci5ce 9 a
 dilemma3 if he %\ld n g1 he fe>$ its   
reproa* = hav+ foll[$ 8 own w1 & did n l
 to lose a glori\s cr[n2 &1 on ! o!r h&1
 he c\ld n det]m9e on go+1 ?9k+ !       
,g]mans s cruel z he _h be5 l$ to       
believe4 ,9 ord] to come to a           
conclusion1 he consult$ "o ( ! religi\s 
:o _h greatly suff]$ 9 ! fir/ mission1 &
 _h be5 /ripp$ 9 ,hung>y no less ?an    
fifte5 times1 :o said to him3--,g to    
,bro!r ,elias1 & tell him t y are nei!r 
will+ to g into ,g]many nor to /ay "h1 b
 t y w d :atsoev] he %all desire y to d4
 ,y w h>dly h address$ him1 !n y\r      
difficulties w be done away4 ,he foll[$ 
?is advice1 & ,elias ord]$ him by !     
obligation ( ob$i5ce to accompany ,bro!r
 ,cas> into ,g]many4 ,he w5t & labor$   

assidu\sly1 & m ?an any ( ! o!rs1 to    
ext5d ! ord] ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,8       
ob$i5ce quiet$ 8 m9d = a man is nev] m  
satisfi$ ) himself ?an :5 he obeys4     
,exp]i5ce %[s1 says ,/4 ,b]n>d1 t ! yoke
 ( ob$i5ce is light1 & t self-w is      
oppressive4  ,an?ony _h he>d 9 ,sicily t
 ! *apt] 0 to assemble at ,/4 ,m>y ( !  
,angels1 & al?\gh he 0 /ill 9 a /ate (  
weakness1 he _h come to x ) ,philipp9us1
 a "y lay bro!r ( ,ca/ile4 ,:5 ! *apt] 0
 ov]1 ! bre?r5 7 s5t back to _! conv5ts 
by ! vic> g5]al1 b no "o ask$ to h      
,an?ony1 because no "o knew him1 & he   
appe>$ s feeble1 t he did n seem fit =  
"w4 ,he (f]$ himself !re=e to ,bro!r    
,gratian1 :o 0 ,prov9cial ( ,bologna1 or
 ( ,romagna1 :om he begg$ z a ma/]1 to  
in/ruct him 9 ! rules ( regul>          
discipl9e1 mak+ no m5tion ( 8 /udies1 or
 ( any tal5t he _h1 & %[+ no o!r desire 
?an to "k & love ! crucifi$ ,jesus4     
,gratian delight$ ) ^! 8 s5tim5ts1 ask$ 
to h him1 & took him ) him into 8       
prov9ce1 ) ,philipp9us1 :o 0 s5t to     

,citta di ,ca/ello1 & f !nce to         
,columb>io1 9 ,tuscany1 :]e he di$ a    
holy dea?4 ,an?ony1 :o only wi%$ =      
solitude1 _h leave f ! prov9cial to live
 at ! h]mitage ( ,m\nt ,/4 ,paul1 ne>   
,bologna1 :]e he wi%$ to h a cell cut 9 
! rock1 :i* 0 sep>at$ f all ! o!rs2 ?is 
! bro!r :o _h cut x out = himself c$$ to
 him4 ,!re he liv$ 9 z mu* solitude z   
ob$i5ce all[$ him1 devot+ himself to    
contemplation1 fa/+ on bread & wat]1 &  
practis+ su* o!r au/]ities1 z to be     
!reby s weak5$1 t1 accord+ to ! sav+s ( 
8 bre?r51 he c\ld h>dly /& :5 he came to
 !m4 ,al?\gh he 0 full ( zeal1 he did n 
d>e attempt to prea*2 ! m>tyrdom :i* he 
_h escap$ 9 ,africa _h r5d]$ him timid2 
he ab&on$ himself to ,div9e ,provid5ce1 
)\t any o!r anxiety ?an t ( incit+      
himself to ! m p]fect love ( ,god1 &    
/r5g!n+ himself 9 ! hope ( enjoy+ ! good
 ?+s ( ,heav51 & resi/+ ! attacks ( !   
tempt]1 :o /rove to dissuade him f !    
holy ex]cise ( pray]4 ,liv+ ?us 9 great 
simplicity among 8 unpret5d+ bre?r51 he 

disguis$ "u a pla9 ext]ior ! va/ light  
he receiv$ f ,heav52 b by t humility he 
des]v$ to be br\ght =w>d = !            
accompli%m5t ( ! designs ( ,provid5ce1  
:o g5]ally prep>es ^? 9 secret1 :om he  
de/9es to spl5did m9i/rations4          
,,book ,,iv   ,aft] ! *apt]1 ,francis1  
not)/&+ ! bad /ate ( 8 heal?1 actuat$ by
 8 zeal1 und]took to prea* rep5tance 9 !
 t[ns adjac5t to ,assisi1 :]e he dilat$1
 9 =cible language1 on vice & virtue1 & 
! suff]+s & happ9ess ( a future life4 ,!
 inhabitants ( ,can>ia 7 s mov$ by 8    
prea*+1 t !y foll[$ him 9 cr[ds1 =sak+  
_! usual occupations4 ,_m also1 f !     
neighbor+ villages1 jo9$ !m1 & all      
toge!r solicit$ him to tea* !m h[ to    
pr(it by 8 in/ructions4  ,_m m>ri$ m5 7 
desir\s ( sep>at+ !mselves f _! wives1 9
 ord] to embrace ! religi\s /ate1 & _m  
m>ri$ wom5 7 anxi\s to %ut !mselves up 9
 cloi/]s2 b ! holy ,patri>*1 n wi%+ to  
break up well-assort$ m>riages1 nor to  
depopulate ! c\ntry1 advis$ !m to s]ve  
,god 9 _! own h\ses1 & promis$ to give  

!m a rule by :i* !y might progress 9    
virtue & live z religi\s1 )\t practis+ !
 au/]ities ( t /ate ( life4  ,he 0 "u ! 
necessity ( repeat+ ! same injunctions 9
 sev]al t[ns 9 ,tuscany1 p>ticul>ly 9   
,flor5ce1 :]e simil> views prevail$1 &  
:]e !y _h already comm5c$ build+ a      
mona/]y = females1 :o 7 desir\s ( r5\nc+
 ! _w4 ,:ile he 0 yet rum9at+ on ! mode 
( life he %\ld prescribe = !m1 he       
assembl$ !m all1 & =m$ !m into two      
congregations3 ! "o ( m51 & ! o!r (     
wom52 & hav+ giv5 ea* ( !m a presid5t1  
!y gave !mselves sep>ately up to        
ex]cises ( piety & practices ( m]cy1 ) s
 mu* f]vor1 t a contempor>y au?or       
comp>es !m to ! ,*ri/ians :om ,t]tullian
 s eloqu5tly eulogizes4 ,) ! alms :i* ! 
two congregations collect$1 !y built a  
hospital = ! sick & ag$1 on ! outskirts 
( ! t[n :]e all ! virtues ( *>ity 7     
assidu\sly ex]cis$2 an e/abli%m5t :i* is
 extant to ?is day4 ,/4 ,anton9us1 :5   
,ar*bi%op ( ,flor5ce1 remov$ ^! pi\s    
assemblies to a locality ne> ! ,*ur* (  

,/4 ,m>t91 = ! conv5i5ce ( ! poor4 ,!   
vic9ity ( ! *ur* & _! good works procur$
 = !m ! "n ( ! ,good ,m5 ( ,/4 ,m>t92 & 
!y 7 aft]w>ds call$ ! ,p5it5ts ( ,/4    
,francis1 because !y foll[$ ! rule ( !  
,?ird ,ord] ( ,p5ance1 :i* ! ,sa9t      
in/itut$4  ,"o day ,/4 ,francis hav+    
gone f ,flor5ce to ,gagiano1 ne>        
,poggibonzi1 9 ,tuscany1 met a %op-keep]
 ( 8 acqua9tance1 ^: "n 0 ,luc*esio1 :o 
_h be5 v av>ici\s1 & an en?usia/ic      
p>tisan ( ! faction ( ! ,guelphs1 b :o1 
hav+ be5 conv]t$ a few mon?s be=e1 n[   
liv$ a v ,*ri/ian-l life1 gave away     
great sums 9 alms1 att5d$ ! sick 9      
hospitals1 receiv$ /rang]s hospitably   
into 8 h\se1 & endeavor$ to in/il simil>
 s5tim5ts into ,bonadonna1 8 wife4 ,!y  
_h already ask$ ,francis to put !m 9 a  
way ( sanctify+ _! lives1 :i* %\ld be   
suitable to _! position2 & ! holy man _h
 giv5 !m ?is answ]3 ,i h be5 ?9k+ ( late
 ( in/itut+ a ,?ird ,ord]1 9 :i* m>ri$  
p]sons might s]ve ,god p]fectly2 & ,i   
?9k y c\ld n d bett] ?an to ent] x4     

,aft] hav+ giv5 ! subject s]i\s         
consid]ation1 ,luc*esio & 8 wife        
entreat$ him to admit !m into ?is new   
,ord]4 ,he made !m assume a mode/ &     
simple dress1 ( a grey color1 also a    
cord ) sev]al knots 9 x = a girdle1 & he
 prescrib$ v]bally c]ta9 pi\s ex]cises1 
:i* !y 7 to foll[ until su* "t z he %\ld
 h compos$ ! rule4  ,?is 0 ! beg9n+ ( ! 
,?ird ,ord] ( ,/4 ,francis1 :i* _m      
p]sons 9 ! environs ( ,poggibonzi       
embrac$1 & :i* 0 soon e/abli%$ 9        
,flor5ce by ! congregation ( m5 & wom5 (
 :i* we h j spok54 ,! foll[+ ye>1 at    
late/1 ! ,f\nd] compos$ a rule = ?is    
,ord]1 :i* he call$ ! ,ord] ( ! ,bre?r5 
( ,p5ance1 9 :i* ! si/]s 7 compris$1 :i*
 0 also call$ ! ,?ird ,ord]1 or ! ,ord] 
( ,t]ti>ies1 z relative to ! two old]   
,ord]s3 ! ,ord] ( ,fri>s ,m9ors1 :i* is 
! fir/1 & t ( ! ,poor ,cl>es1 :i* is !  
second4 ,?is rule 0 subsequ5tly confirm$
 by ,pope ,ni*olas ,,iv1 & ,leo ,,xiii1 
) "s *anges1 :i* !y consid]$ advisable z
 well 9 reg>d to ! times z to ! ,ord]   

itself4  ,! holy ,patri>* manife/s !re9 
n only ! zeal :i* animat$ him 9 all t   
conc]n$ ! purity ( ! fai?1 b also !     
prud5ce :i* guid$ all 8 actions4 ,he    
requires t all ^? :o apply = admission  
into ! ,ord] %all be c>efully exam9$ 9 !
 ,ca?olic fai?1 & _! submission to !    
au?ority ( ! ,*ur*1 & he directs t !y   
%all only be receiv$ aft] hav+ made     
pr(ession ( all ! or?odox tru?s2 & t    
great c>e %all be tak5 n to admit any   
h]etic1 nor any "o suspect$ ( h]esy2 &  
%\ld any su* be detect$ aft] hav+ be5   
admitt$1 he insi/s on _! be+ imm$iately 
in=m$ aga9/4 ,he1 likewise1 directs t _!
 previ\s conduct may be inquir$ into1 to
 asc]ta9 :e!r any notori\s crimes are   
imput$ to !m1 or :e!r _! morals are     
irreproa*able1 & he desires t !y be w>n$
 to re/ore :at !y h :i* belongs to any  
o!r p]son2 he also =bids receiv+ any    
m>ri$ female into ! ,ord] )\t ! cons5t (
 h] husb&4  ,! pr(ession consi/s 9 a    
promise to keep all ,god's comm&m5ts1 & 
to p]=m su* p5ances z ! visitor %all    

enjo9 = faults committ$ 9 brea* ( !     
practices requir$ by ! rule4 ,! habit is
 simil> to :at 0 giv5 to ,luc*esio & 8  
wife2 b s1 t ?is may be disp5s$ )1      
accord+ to ! /ate ( life ( ! p]sons1 & !
 cu/oms ( ! c\ntry 9 :i* !y may be4 ,!  
spiritual ex]cises laid d[n 9 ! rule1 h 
no?+ 9 !m :i* c int]f]e ) ! diff]5t     
/ations ( p]sons liv+ 9 ! _w4 ,days (   
fa/+ & ab/95ce are prescrib$1 b modifi$ 
prud5tly = ! infirm1 = pregnant wom51 = 
travell]s1 & = labor+ p2 & x is cle>ly  
expla9$ t ^! obs]vances are n obligatory
 "u pa9 ( s91 & t !y only b9d !         
transgressor to p]=m ! p5ance impos$ on 
him1 unless ! transgression has at !    
same "t contrav5$ any law ( ,god1 or    
comm&m5t ( ! ,*ur*4  ,/4 ,francis1      
moreov]1 /r5u\sly recomm5ds to ! bre?r5 
& si/]s1 to avoid all words t5d+ to     
swe>+ or imprecation1 ! !atre1 danc+1 & 
all pr(ane meet+s2 to und]take no       
law-suits1 & to live 9 frat]nal union2  
to take great c>e ( ! sick ( ! ,ord]1 to
 bury ! dead1 & to pray = !m4  ,he adds 

to ?is1 an article :i* is des]v+ (      
peculi> notice2 x is1 t all p]sons :o   
ent] ! ,ord] & h prop]ty ov] :i* !y h ! 
disposal1 %all make _! wills )9 a few   
mon?s aft] _! pr(ession1 le/ !y %\ld die
 inte/ate4 ,we see t 8 int5tion 0 to    
make !m ?9k on dea?1 & to h _! m9ds free
 = m$itat+ on ! important affair ( _!   
salvation1 & to prev5t ^? diss5tions :i*
 frequ5tly occur aft] ! dea? ( su* z h n
 regulat$ _! temporal affairs1 be=e be+ 
call$ away4 ,wills :i* are made dur+ a  
la/ illness are frequ5tly expos$ to     
deceit & fraud4 ,!y are nev] bett] made 
?an :5 execut$ :ile ! te/ator is 9 good 
heal?1 9 possession ( all 8 faculties4  
,by ! in/itution ( ! ,?ird ,ord]1       
,francis proposes to himself to         
reanimate ! f]vor ( ! fai?ful1 to induce
 all ! _w1 ^? 9 ord]s1 laics1 m>ri$     
p]sons ( ei!r sex1 & su* z 7 liv+ 9 a   
/ate ( celibacy1 to a /rict] obs]vance (
 ,god's comm&m5ts1 to live a m ,*ri/ian 
& ,ca?olic life1 & to add ! practice (  
virtues to ! duties ( civil life4 ,8    

views met ) a/oni%+ success2 ! ,ord] 0  
e/abli%$1 & spread ) ! greate/ rapidity 
?r\gh all conditions ( life4 ,c>d9als1  
bi%ops1 emp]ors1 empresses1 k+s1 que5s1 
consid]$ !mselves honor$ 9 be+ admitt$  
into x1 & x has giv5 to ! ,*ur* an      
inf9ite numb] ( sa9ts & bless$ ( ei!r   
sex1 :o are publicly rev]$ ) h]         
sanction4 ,wad+ says1 t 9 8 day1 7t is 9
 #afbc17 !re 7 at ! c\rt ( ,madrid m ?an
 sixty lords :o belong$ to ! ,?ird      
,ord]2 & ,c>d9al ,trejo1 :o _h jo9$ x1  
wrote to him 9 ^! t]ms on ! subject ( ! 
works ( ,/4 ,francis1 :i* t au?or 0 ab\t
 to give to ! public ) le>n$ notes4  ,y 
praise me ) "s surprise1 t we>+ ! purple
 ( a c>d9al1 ,i %\ld h tak5 ! habit &   
made solemn pr(ession to adh]e to !     
rules ( ! ,?ird ,ord] ( ,/4 ,francis4   
,c\ld ,i d less ?an devote myself :olly 
to 8 ,ord]1 ,i1 :o owe to him all t ,i  
h1 & all t ,i am8 ,does n ! cord ( ,/4  
,francis des]ve to gird ev5 royal       
purple8 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,k+ ( ,france1 ,/4   
,elizabe?1 ,que5 ( ,hung>y1 wore x1 z   

well z _m o!r sov]eigns & pr9cesses4 ,9 
our own day1 ,philip ,,iii1 ,k+ ( ,spa91
 di$ 9 ! habit ( ! bless$ ,fa!r2 ,que5  
,elizabe?1 wife ( ,philip ,,iv1 ! reign+
 mon>* ( ,spa91 & ! ,pr9cess ,m>y1 8    
si/]1 h made _! pr(ession 9 ! ,?ird     
,ord]4 ,:y1 !n1 %\ld x be a subject (   
a/oni%m5t to y1 t a c>d9al %\ld cov] 8  
purple ) a g>m5t ( a% color1 & gird     
himself ) a cord8 ,if ?is dress seems   
vulg> & vile1 ,i require x ! m1 because1
 f9d+ myself rais$ to a high degree (   
honor1 ,i mu/ humble myself ! m 9 ord]  
to avoid pride4 ,b is n ! g>b ( ,/4     
,francis1 :i* is ( a% color1 a real     
purple1 :i* may adorn ! dignity ( k+s & 
c>d9als8 ,yes1 x is a true purple1 dy$ 9
 ! blood ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & 9 ! blood :i*
 issu$ f ! /igmates ( ,8 s]vant4 ,x     
gives1 !re=e1 a royal dignity to ^? :o  
we> x4 ,:at h ,i done1 !re=e1 9 clo?+   
myself ) ?is g>m5t8 ,i h add$ purple to 
purple1 ! purple ( royalty1 to ! purple 
( ! c>d9alate2 ?us1 f> f be+ humiliat$  
by x1 ,i h reason to fe> t ,i h done    

myself too mu* honor1 & t ,i d]ive f x  
too mu* glory4  ,^! s5tim5ts ( ?is le>n$
 & pi\s c>d9al1 are well calculat$ to   
sil5ce ! pr\d & irreligi\s spirits :o   
turn into ridicule practices :i* ! ,*ur*
 approves1 & :i* h] mo/ illu/ri\s *ildr5
 embrace ) f]vor4 ,we h se5 ,que5 ,ann (
 ,au/ria receive1 at ,p>is1 ! holy habit
 ( a p5it5t1 & make pr(ession ( ! rule (
 ! ,?ird ,ord] ( ,/4 ,francis2 ,que5    
,m>ia ,!resa ( ,au/ria1 wife ( ! r5[n$  
k+1 ,l\is ,,xiv1 foll[ ?is example1 &   
ev5 p]mit h]self to be *os5 sup]ior ( ! 
si/]s ( ! congregation1 e/abli%$ 9 !    
*ur* ( ! great conv5t ( ! ,obs]vance1 "u
 ! protection ( ,/4 ,elizabe? ( ,hung>y1
 & assi/ at ! v>i\s pi\s ex]cises )     
great edification4  ,! ,holy ,see has   
load$ ! bre?r5 & si/]s ( ! ,?ird ,ord] )
 _m spiritual favors2 & has grant$ !m _m
 privileges & indulg5ces4 ,x has giv5 to
 !m a p>ticipation 9 all ! m]its :i* are
 ga9$ 9 ! o!r two ,ord]s4 ,:at is s+ul> 
is1 t %ortly aft] its in/itution1       
congregations ( ,t]ti>ies 7 =m$1 9 :i*  

!y liv$ 9 community ( prop]ty1 mak+ !   
?ree v[s ( pov]ty1 *a/ity1 & ob$i5ce1 & 
practis+ ! works ( m]cy4 ,god & !       
,sov]eign ,pontiff rais$ !m to a        
religi\s body4 ,?us1 besides ! secul>   
,?ird ,ord]1 !re is n[ a religi\s "o1 ( 
bo? sexes1 :i* ,pope ,leo ,x confirm$ & 
ext5d$ by 8 bull1 dat$ #bh? ( ,janu>y1  
#aeba1 9 :i* he abridg$ ! rule & adapt$ 
x to ! obs]vances ( ! religi\s /ate4 ,/4
 ,elizabe? ( ,hung>y1 be+ a wid[1 jo9$ !
 ?ree v[s ( religion to ! pr(ession ( ! 
,?ird ,ord] ( ,/4 ,francis1 ?ree ye>s   
aft] ! dea? ( ! bless$ ,patri>*1 :i*    
makes h] to be ju/ly consid]$ z ! "m ( !
 religi\s ( bo? sexes ( ! ,?ird ,ord]1  
s9ce %e 0 ! fir/ ,t]ti>y :o took ^!     
solemn v[s4  ,luc*esio & 8 wife1 :o 7 ! 
fir/ ,t]ti>ies :om ,/4 ,francis receiv$1
 acquir$ by ! ex]cise ( pray] & good    
works1 a hol9ess :i* ,god honor$ by _m  
miracles dur+ _! life & aft] _! dea?2 b 
! wife 0 sanctifi$ by ! husb&4 ,al?\gh  
%e _h embrac$1 aft] 8 example1 ! /ate ( 
piety1 %e cont9u$ to disapprove ! great 

donations ( alms :i* he made1 & to      
prev5t !m z mu* z 0 9 h] p[]1 9         
consequ5ce ( t _s ( av>ice &            
self-int]e/1 :i* con/antly induces su*  
temp]s to fe> t !y %all come to want4   
,"o day1 ,luc*esio hav+ giv5 all ! bread
 t 0 9 8 h\se to ! poor1 he begg$ 8 wife
 to give some?+ to o!rs :o foll[$4 ,%e  
flew into a passion1 l ! wife ( ,tobias2
 & hav+ reproa*$ him ) ! c>e he took (  
/rang]s to ! prejudice ( ^? ( 8 own     
h\sehold1 %e said t x 0 q pla9 t 8 fa/s 
& wat*+s _h disord]$ 8 bra94 ,! husb&1 z
 pati5t z he 0 *>itable1 0 n irritat$ by
 ^! reproa*es1 b quietly reque/$ 8 wife 
to look into ! place :]e ! bread 0 kept1
 ?9k+ ( ,him1 :o by ,8 p[] _h satiat$   
sev]al ?\s& p]sons ) a few loaves &     
fi%es4 ,%e did s1 & f\nd a l>ge quantity
 ( fre% bread1 suffici5t to supply !    
wants ( all ! poor4 ,?is miracle _h su* 
an effect ^u h]1 t f t "t =w>d1 he _h no
 occasion to exhort h] to ! p]=mance (  
works ( m]cy2 bo? husb& & wife gave     
!mselves up to !m ) emulation1 & devot$ 

!mselves to !m until _! dea?s4 ,!       
husb&'s *>ity %[s u t almsgiv+ does n   
impov]i%2 b t1 on ! contr>y1 ,god       
increases1 ev5 sometimes by miracles1 ! 
prop]ty ( su* z give lib]ally2 & !      
conv]sion ( ,luc*esio's wife %[s t ! _s 
( int]e/ & av>ice1 cov]$ by pret5ce (   
economy1 r5d]s piety false & deceitful4 
,aft] hav+ e/abli%$ 8 ,?ird ,ord]1      
,francis prea*$ 9 sev]al p>ts (         
,tuscany1 & receiv$ an e/abli%m5t at    
,columb>io1 9 a v solit>y situation1 :i*
 0 ! m agreeable to him f ! great       
attraction he _h = contemplation4 ,he _h
 x erect$ "u ! title ( ! ,annunciation (
 ! ,bless$ ,virg91 9 honor ( h] ,div9e  
mat]nity2 he !n return$ to ,/4 ,m>y ( ! 
,angels4  ,an abbess 0 reque/$ f !      
,mona/]y ( ,/4 ,damian = t ( ,moncel1 ( 
! same in/itute1 :i* 0 =m+ at ,flor5ce2 
he consult$ !reon ! c>d9al protector1 & 
by 8 advice he select$ ,agnes1 ! si/] ( 
,cl>e4 ,agnes1 out ( ob$i5ce1 set out   
will+ly2 %e f\nd a v f]v5t1 v unit$1 & v
 submissive community1 & ! ,sov]eign    

,pontiff grant$ all t %e requir$ = _!   
spiritual wants4 ,b ,agnes 0 s]i\sly    
griev$ to h to "p f ,cl>e1 & to satisfy 
h] he>t1 %e wrote to h] a mo/           
affectionate lett]1 full ( ! mo/ t5d]   
s5tim5ts1 9 :i* we see t ! feel+s (     
nature are elevat$ & sanctifi$ by       
virtue1 in/ead ( be+ weak5$4  ,at t "t1 
ab\t ! mon? ( ,octob]1 ,francis obta9$ !
 fam\s indulg5ce ( ,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels1
 or ( ,portiuncula1 ( :i* we %all "h    
relate ! circum/ances4  ,! great lights 
& inspirations :i* ?is holy man receiv$ 
9 pray]1 discov]$ to him ! wret*$ /ate (
 s9n]s2 he deplor$ _! bl9dness1 & 0 mov$
 to compassion1 & he (t5 pray$ = !m4 ,"o
 night1 :5 he 0 solicit+ _! conv]sion f 
,god ) great f]vor1 he 0 direct$ by an  
angel to g to ! *ur*1 :]e he w\ld f9d   
,jesus ,*ri/ & 8 ,bless$ ,"m1 accompani$
 by a ho/ ( cele/ial spirits4 ,greatly  
rejoic$1 he w5t & pro/rat$ himself to   
r5d] due homage to ! ,maje/y ( ! ,son ( 
,god4 ,our ,savi\r said to him3         
,francis1 ! zeal :i* ?\ & ?y foll[]s h =

 ! salvation ( s\ls is su*1 t x entitles
 !e to solicit some?+ 9 _! favor1 = !   
glory ( my "n4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! m>vels :i* 
enraptur$ him1 he made ! foll[+ pray]3  
,o ,jesus1 my ,savi\r1 ,i entreat ,!e1  
al?\gh ,i am b a mis]able s9n]1 to h !  
goodness to grant to m51 t all ^? :o    
%all visit ?is *ur* may receive a pl5>y 
indulg5ce ( all _! s9s1 aft] hav+       
confess$ !m to a prie/2 & ,i beg !      
,bless$ ,virg91 ,?y ,"m1 ! g5]al        
advocate ( humank9d1 to int]c$e t ,i may
 obta9 ?is my reque/4 ,! ,bless$ ,virg9 
did int]c$e1 & ,jesus ,*ri/ spoke !     
foll[+ words3 ,francis1 :at ?\ aske/ is 
great1 b ?\ wilt receive /ill great]    
favors2 ,i grant !e ?is "o2 ,i desire   
!e1 nev]!less1 to g to my vic>1 to :om  
,i h giv5 p[] to b9d & to loose1 & to   
solicit him = ! same indulg5ce4 ,!      
companions ( ! ,sa9t :o 7 9 _!          
respective cells1 he>d all ^! ?+s2 !y   
saw a great light :i* fill$ ! *ur*1 & ! 
multitude ( angels2 b a respectful fe>  
prev5t$ !m f approa*+ ne>]4  ,9 ! e>ly  

morn+1 ,francis assembl$ !m1 & =bade _! 
speak+ ( ?is miracul\s ev5t1 & !n set   
out ) ,masse ( ,m>ignan = ,p]ugia1 :]e  
,pope ,honorius !n 04  ,:5 he came into 
8 pres5ce1 he said to him3 ,mo/ ,holy   
,fa!r1 "s ye>s ago ,i repair$ a small   
*ur* 9 y\r dom9ions2 ,i beg y to grant  
to x a free indulg5ce1 )\t any          
obligation ( mak+ an (f]+4 ,! ,pope     
repli$1 t ! reque/ c\ld n reasonably be 
grant$1 because x 0 b j t he :o wi%$ to 
ga9 an indulg5ce %\ld r5d] himself      
des]v+ ( x by "s means1 p>ticul>ly by "s
 "w ( *>ity4 ,b1 add$ he1 = h[ _m ye>s d
 y ask me = ?is indulg5ce8 ,mo/ ,holy   
,fa!r1 repli$ ,francis1 may x please y\r
 ,hol9ess1 n to give me s _m ye>s b s _m
 s\ls4 ,& 9 :at way d y desire to h     
s\ls8 rejo9$ ! ,pope4 ,i wi%1 add$      
,francis1 t x may be ! good pleasure (  
,y\r ,hol9ess1 t ^? p]sons :o ent] !    
,*ur* ( ,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels1 are       
contrite1 %all h confess$ _! s9s1 & h   
prop]ly receiv$ absolution1 may receive 
an entire remission ( _! s9s1 z well 9  

?is _w z 9 ! next1 f _! baptism1 to ! "t
 ( _! s ent]+ ! *ur*4 ,! ,pope !n said  
to him1 ,francis1 :at y solicit is a ?+ 
( great importance4 ,! ,roman c\rt has n
 be5 accu/om$ to grant any simil>       
indulg5ce4 ,mo/ ,holy ,fa!r1 return$    
,francis1 ,i ask n ?is = myself1 x is   
,jesus ,*ri/ :o s5t me2 ,i come f ,him4 
,^u :i*1 ! ,pope said publicly ?ree     
times3 ,x is my desire t x be grant$ to 
y4  ,! c>d9als :o 7 pres5t1 repres5t$ to
 him1 t 9 grant+ s important an         
indulg5ce1 he 0 subv]t+ ! ?rone ( ! holy
 law1 & t ( ! sepul*re ( ! holy         
,apo/les4 ,! concession is made1 repli$ 
! ,pope1 nor is x "r x %\ld be revok$2 b
 let u modify x4 ,& recall+ ,francis1 he
 said to him3 ,we grant y ?is indulg5ce 
:i* y h solicit$4 ,x is = all ye>s 9    
p]petuity2 b only dur+ "o natural day2 f
 "o ev5+ includ+ ! night1 to ! ev5+ ( ! 
foll[+ day4 ,at ^! words ,francis humbly
 b[$ d[n 8 head4 ,z he w5t away1 ! ,pope
 ask$ him3 ,:i!r art ?\ go+1 simple man8
 ,:at c]titude ha/ ?\ ( :at ?\ ha/ j be5

 grant$8 ,holy ,fa!r1 he repli$1 y\r ^w 
is suffici5t = me4 ,if ?is indulg5ce is 
! "w ( ,god1 ,he w make x manife/4 ,let 
,jesus ,*ri/ & ,8 ,bless$ ,"m1 & !      
angels1 be ! not>y1 on ?is occasion1 !  
pap]1 & ! witnesses4 ,i require no o!r  
au!nticat$ docum5t4 ,?is 0 ! effect ( ! 
great confid5ce he _h 9 ,god4  ,he left 
,p]ugia to return to ,/4 ,m>y ( !       
,angels1 & midway he /opp$ at a village 
nam$ ,colle1 at a lep] hospital1 :]e he 
re/$ a:ile4 ,on awak+1 he _h rec\rse to 
pray]2 !n he call$ ,masse1 & said to him
 ) great exultation3 ,i c assure y t !  
indulg5ce :i* has be5 grant$ to me by ! 
,sov]eign ,pontiff is confirm$ 9 ,heav54
 ,! day _h n be5 fix$1 h[ev]1 until !   
beg9n+ ( ! ye> #abbc4  ,cl>e wi%$ to see
 once m ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels 9
 :i* %e _h r5\nc$ ! _w1 & to take ano!r 
meal ) ,francis1 h] spiritual ,fa!r4 ,he
 refus$ h] 8 leave = "s "t2 b 8         
companions hav+ repres5t$ to him t he   
treat$ a virg9 :om he himself _h        
consecrat$ to ,jesus ,*ri/1 ) too mu*   

h>%ness1 he cons5t$ to :at %e wi%$4 ,an 
appropriate day 0 fix$ on1 & %e came to 
! conv5t ( ,portiuncula1 accompani$ by  
"s ( h] nuns1 & "s ,fri>s ,m9or :o w5t  
on purpose to ! conv5t ( ,/4 ,damian4   
,aft] hav+ pray$ f]v5tly 9 ! *ur*1 &    
visit$ ! conv5t1 ! ,fri>s & ! nuns seat$
 !mselves r\nd ! reflection :i* ,/4     
,francis _h laid out on ! gr\nd1 9      
pursuance ( 8 usual practice ( humility1
 :i* 0 8 daily obs]vance1 :5ev] x 0 9 8 
p[]4 ,! fir/ n\ri%m5t !y took 0 = ! s\l4
 ,! holy ,patri>* spoke ( ,god1 b 9 s   
mov+ a mann]1 & ) s mu* unction &       
animation1 t all :o he>d him 7 ?r[n into
 ec/asy1 z he 0 himself4 ,at ! same "t1 
! conv5t1 ! *ur*1 & ! woods seem$ to !  
inhabitants ( ,assisi & environs1 to be 
on fire4 ,_m ran ?i!r to af=d _! aid2 b 
f9d+ ev]y?+ 9 good ord]1 !y ent]$ !     
conv5t1 :]e !y saw1 ) /ill great]       
surprise1 ! :ole assembly 9 a /ate (    
ec/asy4 ,by t !y 7 made aw>e t :at _h   
seem$ to !m to be a fire1 0 ! type ( !  
fire :i* inflam$ ^! holy bosoms1 & !y   

return$ greatly edifi$4  ,by ?is m>vel !
 ,"l cle>ly %[$ t ,he approv$ ! reque/1 
:i* ,cl>e _h made1 to be all[$ to come  
to ! ,portiuncula2 z by ano!r m>vel ,he 
approv$ ( ! pray] :i* ,/4 ,s*ola/ica    
made to deta9 h] bro!r1 ,/4 ,b5$ict1 :om
 %e wi%$ to he> speak ( ! happ9ess ( !  
future life1 9 ! place 9 :i* !y _h j d9$
 toge!r4 ,su*1 0 ! condesc5sion ( ,8    
goodness = ! consolation ( ^! two sa9ts1
 & x is ?us t1 accord+ to ! words ( !   
,prophet1 ,he fulfils ! wi%es ( ^? :o   
fe> ,him4  ,! repa/ f9i%$ )\t any "o    
hav+ *os5 to eat any?+1 s mu* 7 !y fill$
 ) cele/ial alim5t2 & ,cl>e return$ to !
 ,mona/]y ( ,/4 ,damian1 :]e h] si/]hood
 receiv$ h] ) s mu* ! m satisfaction1 z 
!y _h be5 fe>ful t !y w\ld h giv5 h] !  
direction ( "s new e/abli%m5t1 z !y _h1 
a %ort "t be=e1 s5t h] si/] ,agnes to   
,flor5ce z abbess4 ,!y knew t ,francis  
_h said to h] on o!r occasions3 ,be     
prep>$ to g :]ev] x may be necess>y2 & t
 %e _h ob$i5tly answ]$1 ,my ,fa!r ,i am 
ready to g :i!rsoev] y may s5d me4 ,h]  

hav+ gone out seem$ to !m a prep>ation =
 "s long] j\rney & _! grief = hav+ lo/  
,agnes1 _! de> companion increas$ ! fe>s
 !y _h1 le/ !y %\ld lose ,cl>e1 also1 :o
 0 9 _! reg>d a mo/ excell5t mi/ress (  
spiritual life4 ,b !y _h n1 !reaft]1 any
 simil> al>ms2 ?is 0 ! only "t 9 =ty-two
 ye>s t _! holy "m left ! enclosure4    
,elias1 ! vic> g5]al1 gave ,francis     
great uneas9ess1 by 8 errone\s views4   
,_m ( ! ,fri>s ,m9or came to see _!     
,patri>*1 :o receiv$ !m ) e m>k (       
k9dness4 ,! vic> made great di/9ction   
betwe5 !m4 ,he 0 v p>ticul> 9 honor+ ^? 
:om sci5ce & dignities r5d]$ consid]able
 9 ! ,ord]2 he nev] fail$ giv+ !m ! fir/
 places1 & he took c>e to satisfy all !y
 ne$$2 :ile he left ! o!rs 9 ! l[e/     
places1 & (t5 )\t att5d+ to _! necess>y 
wants4 ,9 8 /ation he did :at ! ,apo/le 
,/4 ,james =bids all ,*ri/ians to d4    
,_! common ,fa!r1 :o c\ld n endure t s  
great a diff]5ce %\ld be made1          
p>ticul>ly among/ p]sons ( ! same       
,in/itute1 affect$1 "o day1 at table1   

aft] grace _h be5 said1 to call two ( ! 
mo/ simple ( ! bre?r51 & to place "o on 
ea* side ( him1 )\t %[+ any att5tion to 
! m]its ( o!rs4  ,he did ?is1 n because 
he disapprov$ ( peculi> consid]ation be+
 %[n to ^? to :om x is due1 accord+ to !
 maxim ( ,/4 ,paul1 9 consequ5ce ( _!   
"*1 _! dignity1 or _! p]sonal           
qualifications1 b because he did n *oose
 t ^! consid]ations %\ld be to !        
disadvantage ( ^? :o _h n simil>        
circum/ances to recomm5d !m1 & to :om1  
accord+ to ! same apo/le1 besides !     
feel+s ( *>ity to :i* !y & all o!rs are 
entitl$1 a c]ta9 degree ( honor %\ld be 
%[n4  ,! vic> g5]al1 :o 0 n impress$ ) a
 simil> way ( ?9k+1 0 highly indignant  
at ?is act ( ! ,sa9t1 & murmur+ to      
himself1 he said3 ,ah6 ,bro!r ,francis1 
x is q c]ta9 t y\r extreme simplicity w 
be ! ru9 ( ! ,ord]4 ,y place alongside (
 y1 m5 :o h nei!r le>n+ nor tal5ts1 & y 
affront ^? :o are ! support ( ! ,ord] by
 _! sci5ce4 ,francis1 :o by a           
sup]natural revelation1 0 made aw>e (   

:at 8 vic> _h pass+ 9 8 m9d1 repli$     
imm$iately to 8 ?\ght3 ,& y1 ,bro!r     
,elias1 y d mu* great] injury to ! ,ord]
 by y\r vanity1 & by ! prud5ce ( ! fle%1
 ) :i* y are fill$4 ,! judgm5ts ( ,god  
are imp5etrable2 ,he kn[s y z y are1 &  
nev]!less1 ,he *ose t y %\ld be ,sup]ior
 ( ! ,ord]2 & x is ,8 desire t ,i leave 
x 9 y\r h&s4 ,alas6 ,i fe> t ! p1 & he  
:o gov]ns !m1 resemble ea* o!r1 & t ,god
 has only giv5 a pa/or1 su* z ,he =esees
 ! flock w be4 ,! holy ,patri>* well    
knew t ! :ole ( ! flock w\ld n be       
corrupt$ by ,bro!r ,elias1 & t !        
majority ( ! memb]s w\ld resi/ him1 z x 
came to pass4 ,& ?us ! fe> :i* he       
exp]i5c$ 9 g5]al t]ms1 0 a w>n+ to keep 
!m all to _! duty4 ,b :at he add$ 0 a   
true prophecy3 ,unhappy man1 z y are1 y 
w n die 9 ?is ,ord]2 ,god has s decre$4 
,y h be5 weigh$ 9 ! balances1 & h be5   
f\nd want+1 because y are puff$ up ) !  
sci5ce ( ! _w4  ,! foll[+ is ! way 9 :i*
 ?is matt] is relat$ 9 ! anci5t leg5d   
:i* is foll[$ by ,/4 ,anton9us4         

,francis1 kn[+ by a revelation t ,bro!r 
,elias w\ld die out ( ! ,ord]1 & w\ld be
 damn$1 avoid$ conv]s+ ) him1 & ev5 see+
 him4 ,elias notic$ ?is1 & did n re/    
till he discov]$ ! reason4 ,t]rifi$ &   
dismay$ at su* a prophecy1 he ?rew      
himself at ! feet ( 8 k9d ma/]1 &       
entreat$ him to int]c$e ) ,god to prev5t
 "o ( ! flock committ$ to 8 c>e1 f p]i%+
 et]nally3 ,let n ! s5t5ce :i* has be5  
reveal$ to y1 disc\rage y2 = ! ,"l may  
*ange ,8 decree1 if ! s9n] corrects 8   
s94 ,i h su* confid5ce 9 y\r pray]s1 my 
v de> ,fa!r1 t ,i %\ld ?9k !y w\ld      
mitigate my suff]+s ev5 if ,i 7 9 hell1 
z y h be5 told ,i %all be4 ,pray = me1  
my ,fa!r2 pray1 & ,i h no d\bt b t ,god 
w modify ,8 decree1 & t ,i %all be      
conv]t$4 ,francis pray$1 & obta9$ f ,god
 t ,bro!r ,elias %\ld n be damn$1 b he  
c\ld n obta9 ! rev]sal ( ! decree :i*   
said t he %\ld n die 9 ! ,ord]4 ,x 01 9 
fact1 out ( ! ,ord] t he di$2 b1 previ\s
 to 8 dea?1 he gave great signs (       
contrition4  ,wad+ makes on ?is a       

judici\s rem>k1 wor?y ( a s\nd !ologian4
 ,he says t ,bro!r ,elias1 :o 0         
univ]sally admitt$ to be a le>n$ man1 0 
n ignorant t ! decrees ( ,god :i* are   
absolute1 are immutable1 because ,he    
,himself is incapable ( *ange2 b he also
 knew t ! ,"l sometimes express$        
,himself 9 absolute words aga9/ s9n]s1  
:i* decrees are m]ely ?reats1 :i* may be
 *ang$ by _! rep5tance1 )\t ,8 *ang+1   
accord+ to :at ,he has said by !        
,prophet ,j]emy3 ,i w sudd5ly speak     
aga9/ a nation1 & aga9/ a k+dom1 to root
 out1 & to pull d[n1 & to de/roy x4 ,if 
t nation aga9/ :i* ,i h spok5 %all rep5t
 ( _! evil1 ,i also w rep5t ( ! evil t  
,i ?\ght to d !m4 ,jonas s5t f ,god1 _h 
positively ann\nc$ t 9 =ty days ,n9eveh 
%\ld be de/roy$1 & nev]!less ! p5it5ce (
 ! ,n9evites h9d]$ ! de/ruction ( _!    
city4 ,/4 ,gregory says1 t 9 ?is s5se   
,god *ang$ ,8 decrees1 b did n *ange ,8 
design2 & ,/4 ,?omas says1 t ,god       
proposes ! *ange ( c]ta9 ?+s1 b t 9 ,8 w
 no *ange takes place4 ,s9n]s1 h[ev]1   

mu/ n abuse ?is doctr9e1 & imag9e t ,god
 only ?reat5s !m1 & t ,he w n damn !m1 =
 ,he has an absolute w to damn et]nally 
^? :o die 9 mortal s91 z well z to cr[n 
) immortal glory su* z die 9 a /ate (   
grace4 ,9 tru?1 x is ,8 wi% t s9n]s %\ld
 be conv]t$1 & ,he places ! means 9 _!  
p[] by ,8 m]cy3 ,b1 says ,/4 ,augu/9e1  
,he has n promis$ a to-morr[ to y\r     
delay2 & z ! ,apo/le has x3 ,accord+ to 
?y h>dness & imp5it5t he>t ?\ treasure/ 
up to ?yself wra? aga9/ ! day ( wra?1 & 
revelation ( ! j judgm5t ( ,god1 :o w   
r5d] to e man accord+ to 8 works4  ,!   
example ( ! holy ,patri>*1 :o _h s\ght  
?ree times1 ! cr[n ( m>tyrdom1 & !      
triumph ( ! five bre?r5 m>tyr$ at       
,morocco1 _h inspir$ _m ) an ard5t      
desire to die = ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,%ortly   
aft] ,elias _h be5 re/or$ z vic> g5]al1 
,daniel1 ,m9i/] 9 ! ,prov9ce (          
,calabria1 ask$ leave to g & prea* !    
fai? to ! ,moors1 ) six o!r bre?r51 ^:  
names 7 ,samuel1 ,donule or ,daniel1    
,leo1 ,hugol91 ,ni*olas1 & ,angelus4    

,hav+ receiv$ ! p]mission ( ! vic>      
g5]al1 & ! bless+ ( ,francis1 !y emb>k$ 
9 a port ( ,tuscany1 f :5ce !y sail$ to 
,t>ragona4 ,_! fir/ int5tion 0 to h gone
 to ,morocco1 to m+le _! blood ) t ( _! 
m>tyr$ bre?r51 b "s reasons1 probably   
favorable to _! int5tion1 induc$ !m to g
 to ,ceuta4  ,daniel arriv$ fir/ ) ?ree 
( 8 companions1 ! ma/] ( ! vessel n hav+
 ?\ght prop] to take on bo>d m4 ,!y liv$
 out ( ! t[n1 9 a village inhabit$ by   
trad]s f ,pisa1 ,g5oa1 & ,m>seilles1    
because ,*ri/ians might n ent] ! t[n )\t
 a p>ticul> p]mission4 ,_! occupation "h
 0 to prea* to ^! trad]s1 until !y %\ld 
be jo9$ by _! companions1 :o arriv$ !re 
on ! #bi? ( ,septemb]4  ,! foll[+       
,friday1 :i* 0 ! fir/ ( ,octob]1 !y     
consult$ toge!r z to _! future plans1 & 
! aids !y %\ld require 9 ! =midable     
combat !y 7 ab\t to su/a94 ,on !        
,saturday1 !y confess$ & receiv$ ! ,holy
 ,communion1 )\t :i*1 :5 x is possible  
to receive x1 ,/4 ,cyprian w\ld n suff] 
confessors to be expos$ to m>tyrdom = ! 

fai?1 because x is ! ,body & ! ,blood ( 
,jesus ,*ri/ :i* gives ! /r5g? to endure
 x4 ,/4 ,*ryso/om & ,/4 ,b]n>d1 also1   
say t x is ! firme/ def5ce :i* c be     
oppos$ to ! temptations ( ! devil1 & to 
! allurem5ts ( s91 :i* are p[]ful       
motives = hav+ rec\rse to frequ5t       
,communion4  ,! sev5 bro!rs w5t =? f !  
holy table1 accord+ to ! expression (   
,/4 ,*ryso/om1 z ro>+ lions1 brea?+ fire
 & flames1 & !y c\ld n re/ra9 ! zeal :i*
 animat$ !m4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! same day1 !y
 wa%$ ea* o!r's feet1 9 ord] to foll[ ! 
example ( ! ,son ( ,god1 :o wa%$ ,8     
disciples' feet be=e ,8 ,passion2 & v   
e>ly on ! ,sunday morn+1 be=e !re 7 any 
p]sons 9 ! /reets1 !y ent]$ ! t[n1 hav+ 
_! heads /rew$ ) a%es1 & comm5c$ cry+   
out ) a l\d voice1 ,!re is no salvation 
b ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/4  ,! ,moors soon   
collect$1 abus$ & beat !m1 & l$ !m to ! 
k+4 ,! mission>ies !n repeat$1 9 pres5ce
 ( ! le>n$ 9 ! law1 :at !y _h previ\sly 
said to ! p1 ,t x is requisite to       
believe 9 ,jesus ,*ri/2 t !re is no     

salvation 9 any o!r "n ?an ,81 :i* !y   
prov$ by ! mo/ =cible argum5ts4 ,! k+1  
:o fully und]/ood t 9 ?us uphold+ ! "n (
 ,jesus ,*ri/ !y reject$ t ( ,mahomet1  
look$ ^u !m z idiots1 & ?\ght t _! %av5 
heads1 ) a cr[n ( hair r\nd !m1 0 a pro(
 ( _! folly4 ,h[ev]1 to prove _!        
con/ancy1 he _h !m conf9$ 9 a loa?some  
jail1 :]e he kept !m eight days 9 irons1
 & :]e !y 7 cruelly treat$4  ,_!        
conf9em5t did n prev5t _! f9d+ means to 
write to ! ,*ri/ians :o 7 9 ! vic9ity ( 
,ceuta4 ,_! lett] 0 address$ to ,hugh1  
,cure ( ! ,g5oese1 & to two religi\s1 "o
 ( _! own ,ord]1 & ! o!r ( ! ,ord] (    
,fri>s ,prea*]s1 :o _h j return$ f !    
f>!/ "p ( ,mauritania4 ,!y bless$1 9 !  
fir/ in/ance1 ! ,fa!r ( ,m]cies1 :o     
consol$ !m 9 _! tribulation2 &1 aft]    
hav+ quot$ sev]al passages f !          
,scriptures to ju/ify _! mission & to   
animate !mselves to suff]+1 !y assur$ _!
 bre?r5 t !y _h borne witness1 & /rongly
 argu$ 9 pres5ce ( ! k+1 t !re is no    
salvation b 9 ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 & !y 

conclud$ by ref]r+ to ,god ! glory ( all
 t !y _h done4  ,! judge1 ^: "n 0       
,arbold1 wi%+ to see :at !y did 9       
prison1 saw t !y 7 no long] *a9$1 t _!  
faces %one ) a spl5did light1 & t !y    
sang ! praises ( ,god ) extraord9>y joy4
 ,! k+1 hav+ be5 appris$ ( ?is1 caus$ !m
 to be br\ght be=e him on ,sunday1 ! t5?
 ( ,octob]1 & (f]$ !m great weal? if !y 
w\ld become ,mussulm54 ,!y boldly       
repli$1 t !y utt]ly despis$ all ! ?+s ( 
?is _w & ( ! pres5t life1 9 consequ5ce (
 ! happ9ess ( ! future life4 ,!y 7 !n   
sep>at$1 & ea* 0 sep>ately tempt$1 by   
promises & ?reats1 b !y 7 all f\nd      
/eadfa/ 9 _! resolution4 ,daniel1 speak+
 ) great en]gy1 "o ( ! ,moors cut him   
across ! head ) 8 scimit>1 f :i* he did 
n ev5 w9ce1 & ano!r exhort$ him to      
embrace ! law ( ,mahomet1 to save 8 life
 ) honor4 ,wret*6 exclaim$ ,daniel1 y\r 
,mahomet & all 8 foll[]s are b m9i/]s ( 
,satan1 & y\r ,koran is b a s]ies (     
lies2 be no long] misl$1 b embrace !    
,*ri/ian fai?4  ,z soon z ! sev5 bro!rs 

7 collect$ toge!r1 six ( !m ?rew        
!mselves at ,daniel's feet1 :o _h       
procur$ ?is mission = !m1 & :o 0 _!     
lead]1 & said to him ) te>s ( joy3 ,we  
give ?anks to ,god & to y1 our fa!r1 =  
hav+ procur$ = u ! cr[n ( m>tyrdom2 our 
s\ls w foll[ y\rs2 bless u & die2 !     
/ruggle w be soon ov]1 & we %all enjoy  
et]nal peace4  ,daniel t5d]ly embrac$   
!m1 gave !m 8 bless+1 & enc\rag$ !m by  
^! words3 ,let u rejoice 9 ! ,"l2 ?is is
 = u a fe/ival day2 angels surr\nd u1 ! 
heav5s are op5$ to receive u2 ?is day we
 %all receive ! cr[n ( m>tyrdom1 :i* w  
la/ =ev]4  ,9 fact1 ! k+1 see+ t !y 7   
resolute1 & n to be %ak51 condemn$ !m to
 be behead$4 ,!y 7 /ripp$1 _h _! h&s ti$
 beh9d !m1 & 7 tak5 to ! place (        
execution1 :i!r !y w5t z to a banquet1  
prec$$ by a h]ald1 :o proclaim$ ! cause 
( _! dea?1 & :]e1 aft] hav+ recomm5d$ _!
 s\ls to ,god1 !y 7 decapitat$1 on ! t5?
 ( ,octob]1 9 ! ye> #abba4  ,infidel    
*ildr5 & adults broke _! skulls to      
pieces1 & mutilat$ ! rema9s ( ! holy    

m>tyrs2 b ^! preci\s relics 7 ga!r$ up  
by ! ,*ri/ians1 & remov$ into ! /oreh\se
 ( ! ,m>seillese1 & 7 aft]w>ds buri$ 9  
_! dwell+s beyond ! walls ( ,ceuta4 ,x  
is ass]t$ t "s ye>s aft]w>ds !y 7       
transf]r$ to ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,m>y1 ne>    
,morocco1 & t ,god manife/$ !m by       
miracles1 & p>ticul>ly by a spl5did     
light1 :i* ev5 ! ,moors saw dur+ !      
night2 & t "s "t aft]w>ds an ,infant (  
,portugal1 hav+ obta9$ !m f a ,k+ (     
,morocco1 _h !m remov$ into ,spa91 :]e  
fre% miracles r5d]$ !m celebrat$4       
,:atev] tru? !re may be 9 ! acc\nt ( ^! 
translations1 x is n kn[n n[ :]e !      
relics ( ^! sev5 m>tyrs are4 ,?is is    
c]ta9--t ! fai?ful _h _! memory 9 great 
v5]ation1 & t 9 #aeaf1 ! ,fri>s ,m9or   
solicit$ leave f ,pope ,leo ,x1 to      
recite an (fice 9 _! honor1 :i* leave he
 mo/ will+ly grant$ to !m1 plac+ !m 9 ! 
numb] ( m>tyrs recogniz$ by ! ,*ur*1 z  
!y are commemorat$ 9 ! ,roman           
,m>tyrology on ! #ac? ( ,octob]4  ,we   
may imag9e ! satisfaction _! triumph    

gave to ,francis1 f ! ard5t desire he   
always ev9c$ = ! cr[n ( m>tyrdom1 & !   
t5d] love he bore = 8 *ildr54 ,he _h1   
moreov]1 9 ?is ye> ano!r great          
consolation on ?is subject4 ,pope       
,honorius s5t to almo/ all ! bi%ops (   
,europe1 desir+ !m to s5d him f\r m5 f  
ea* prov9ce1 or at lea/ two1 not$ = _!  
sci5ce & ! integrity ( _! lives1 :om x 0
 8 int5tion to commission to prea* to ! 
idolat]s1 & to ! ,s>ac5s1 = ^: conv]sion
 he 0 mo/ anxi\s1 & among/ ! numb] ?us  
select$ !re 7 _m ,fri>s ,m9ors1 & ,fri>s
 ,prea*]s :o g5]\sly expos$ !mselves to 
e sort ( p]il = ! salvation ( s\ls4  ,! 
intimate union :i* ! love ( ,god _h =m$ 
betwe5 ,/4 ,dom9ic & ,/4 ,francis1      
induces u to note "h1 t ! bless$        
,patri>* ( ! ,dom9icans di$ ?is ye>1 on 
! six? day ( ,augu/ at ! age ( fifty-"o 
ye>s4 ,! em95t sanctity ( 8 life1 !     
great miracles he p]=m$2 ! ardor &      
spl5dor ( 8 zeal = ! de/ruction ( h]esy2
 8 inviolable atta*m5t to ! holy ,see2 8
 t5d] piety to ! ,bless$ ,virg91 :om he 

causes to be g5]ally & daily honor$ 9 ! 
devotion ( ! ,ros>y2 & ! e/abli%m5t ( 8 
,ord]1 s useful by its sci5ce1 by its   
piety1 & by ! great s]vice x /ill r5d]s 
to ! ,*ur*1 cause him to be illu/ri\s   
?r\gh ! entire ,*ur*4 ,among ! ,fri>s   
,m9or1 !re is n "o :o1 if animat$ by !  
_s ( ,/4 ,francis1 mu/ n h a special    
devotion = ,him1 & a respectful         
affection = ^? ( 8 ord]4  ,*>ity1 :i*   
inflam$ ! brea/ ( ,francis1 soon drew   
him f 8 retreat4 ,he set out at ! beg9n+
 ( ! ye> #abbb1 = ! ,t]ra di ,lavoro1   
,apulia & ,calabria1 &1 9 ! c\rse ( ?is 
j\rney1 ,god work$ _m spl5did miracles  
by 8 h&4  ,pass+1 fir/1 ?r\gh ! ,t[n (  
,toscanella1 on ! road to ,rome1 he     
receiv$ hospitality f a knight1 ^: only 
son 0 lame 9 bo? legs1 & 0 9 a /ate (   
suff]+ ?r\gh 8 :ole body4 ,! afflict$   
fa!r ask$ him to procure ! cure ( 8 son 
f ,god2 he ab/a9$ f do+ ?is = "s "t out 
( humility1 e/eem+ himself unwor?y ( be+
 lov$ by o!rs1 b be+ prevail$ ^u by     
reit]at$ entreaties1 he plac$ 8 h&s ^u  

him1 & made ! sign ( ! cross ^u ! boy1  
:o1 at ! same mom5t1 /ood upright & firm
 on 8 legs1 & 0 entirely cur$1 to !     
great a/oni%m5t ( 8 :ole family4  ,at   
,rome1 he made acqua9tance1 & became    
intimate ) a nobleman1 nam$ ,ma!w de    
,rubeis1 ( ! illu/ri\s family ( !       
,ors9i4 ,"o day1 on :i* he _h be5 invit$
 to d9n] !re1 & hav+ got !re at !       
appo9t$ h\r1 n f9d+ 8 ho/ yet return$ f 
t[n1 he jo9$1 unp]ceiv$1 ! poor to :om  
!y 7 giv+ a meal1 & he receiv$ ! alms ) 
!m4 ,! nobleman arriv$ %ortly aft]1 &   
inquir$ :]e ,bro!r ,francis 01 & z !y   
did n f9d him1 he decl>$ he w\ld n eat 8
 d9n]1 if he did n come4 ,:ile !y 7     
look+ = him1 he saw him seat$ 9 ! y>d ) 
a gr\p ( poor4 ,he w5t to him1 & said3  
,bro!r ,francis1 s9ce y won't d9e ) me1 
,i am come to d9e ) y2 :i* he did1 plac+
 himself on ! gr\nd ne> him1 & 9 ! gr\p1
 :]e he f\nd himself v com=table 9 t    
company4 ,:5 he he>d t ! holy man _h    
e/abli%$ a ,?ird ,ord] = secul> p]sons (
 all ranks1 he pray$ = admission into x1

 & _h himself in/ruct$ 9 ! practices to 
be obs]v$4 ,! consid]ation :i* 8 rank 9 
life gave him 9 ! _w1 ?rew great spl5dor
 on ! new in/itution1 & drew _m p]sons  
to x4  ,!re 0 a little *ild call$ ,john 
:om he reque/$ ,francis to bless2 !     
s]vant ( ,god gave him 8 bless+2 he took
 him 9 8 arms & =etold to all !re t he  
w\ld br+ great glory to 8 h\se1 & t he  
w\ld be ,sov]eign ,pontiff4 ,!n1 fix+ 8 
eyes ^u ! *ild1 he spoke to him z if he 
_h _h ! use ( reason2 he entreat$ him   
s]i\sly1 & 9 mo/ affectionate t]ms1 to  
be favorable to 8 ,ord]2 aft] :i* !     
prophet cont9u$ z foll[s3 ,he w n be a  
religi\s ( our ,ord]1 b he w be its     
protector2 he w n be reckon$ among its  
*ildr51 b he w be ackn[l$g$ z its fa!r2 
& our bre?r5 w be delight$ at see+      
!mselves "u 8 %ad[4 ,i consid] ! imm5se 
b5efits we %all receive f ?is *ild1 ,i  
see !m already 9 8 little h&s4 ,su* a   
pr$iction caus$ z mu* pleasure z        
surprise to ! "l ( ! family ( ! ,ors9i1 
b he nev] spoke ( x till he saw its     

fulfilm5t1 :i* happ5$ fifty-five ye>s   
aft]w>ds4 ,8 son1 c>d9al1 "u ! title (  
,/4 ,ni*olas1 0 *os5 ,pope 9 ! ye>      
#abgg1 & took ! "n ( ,ni*olas ,,iii4 ,8 
s+ul> b5evol5ce = ! ,ord] ( ! ,fri>s    
,m9or %[$ t its holy ,f\nd] _h n spok5 9
 va9 to him 9 8 infancy4  ,f ,rome      
,francis w5t to visit ! ,grotto ( ,/4   
,b5$ict4 ,he consid]$ ) great att5tion !
 bu% cov]$ ) ?orns1 into :i* ! great    
,patri>* ( ! mona/ic life _h ! c\rage to
 ?r[ himself1 9 ord] to ov]come a       
temptation ( ! fle%4 ,9 admiration ( su*
 extraord9>y f]vor1 he t\*$ ?is bu% z a 
sacr$ relic2 he kiss$ x1 & made on x !  
sign ( ! cross4 ,god1 9 ord] to honor 8 
two s]vants1 *ang$ x imm$iately into a  
beautiful rose-tree1 ! fl[]s ( :i* h    
s]v$ 9 _m cases = ! cure ( ! sick2 !    
place has s9ce be5 held 9 great]        
respect4 ,9 a *apel :i* is ne> x1 & :i* 
0 consecrat$ by ,gregory ,,ix1 we see t 
,pope1 ) ,francis on 8 left h&1 :o holds
 a scroll ( pap]1 on :i* ^! words1 tak5 
f ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,luke1 are writt51    

,peace be to ?is h\se1 words :i* he     
con/antly us$ z a salutation4  ,!       
rema9d] ( 8 j\rney 0 rem>kable = _m o!r 
wond]s :i* 7 work$ ?r\gh 8 means1 9     
ann\nc+ ! ^w ( ,god4 ,:ile prea*+ at    
,gaeta1 on ! bord] ( ! sea1 see+ t a    
cr[d ( p 7 anxi\s1 f a devotional feel+1
 to t\* him1 he ?rew himself into a boat
 to avoid ^! demon/rations ( respect1   
:i* 7 disagreeable to him4 ,! boat1 :i* 
_h no sailors 9 x1 float$ to a c]ta9    
di/ance out to sea1 & !n became         
/ation>y2 f !nce he gave in/ruction to  
^? :o 7 on ! %ore1 & ! cr[d disp]s+ aft]
 hav+ receiv$ 8 bless+1 ! boat return$ (
 itself to its =m] place4 ,/4           
,bonav5ture !reupon says3--,:o1 aft]    
?is1 w h a he>t s h>d5$ & s irreligi\s z
 to despise ! prea*+ ( ,francis1 to :i* 
inanimate ?+s l5t _! aid1 z if !y _h    
reason+ faculties8  ,! inhabitants (    
,gaeta1 admir+ ! p[] :i* ,god gave to ,8
 s]vant1 entreat$ him to /ay "s "t 9 _! 
t[n1 & to p]mit !m to build !re a conv5t
 = 8 ,ord]4 ,he ass5t$ to ?is1 & ! "w 0 

comm5c$ =?)4 ,:ile ! *ur* 0 9 progress1 
a c>p5t] 0 cru%$ by ! fall+ ( a beam4 ,z
 ! o!r workm5 7 c>ry+ him home1         
,francis1 :o 0 return+ f ! c\ntry1 met  
!m1 & direct$ !m to lay ! dead man on ! 
gr\nd2 he !n made ! sign ( ! cross on   
him1 took him by ! h&1 call$ him by 8   
"n1 & comm&$ him to arise4 ,! dead man  
rose imm$iately & w5t back to 8 "w4 ,?is
 is well-kn[n 9 ! c\ntry by successive  
tradition1 & a small *apel has be5      
erect$1 "u due au?ority1 on ! spot :]e !
 miracle 0 p]=m$1 9 ord] to p]petuate ! 
memory !re(4  ,! e>lie/ au?ors ( ! life 
( our ,sa9t record a v s+ul> miracle :i*
 he p]=m$ on 8 r\te1 9 ! h\se ( a       
g5tleman4 ,all ! inhabitants ( ! place 7
 gone to ! great squ>e to he> him prea*4
 ,a female s]vant :o _h be5 left 9 a    
h\se to take c>e ( a *ild1 wi%+ to he> !
 s]mon1 left ! *ild alone4 ,on h]       
return1 %e f\nd ! *ild dead1 &          
half-boil$ 9 a copp] ( hot wat]1 into   
:i* x _h fall54 ,%e took x out1 & 9 ord]
 to hide ! disa/] f ! fa!r & "m1 %e %ut 

x up 9 a trunk2 ! p>5ts1 h[ev]1 le>nt _!
 mis=tune1 :i* 0 ! m afflict+ z ?is 0 _!
 only *ild4 ,! husb& entreat$ 8 wife n  
to let h] di/ress appe>1 out ( respect =
 ! s]vant ( ,god1 :o 0 to d9e ) !m4     
,dur+ d9n]1 ,francis endeavor$ to       
inspire !m ) a holy joy1 kn[+ :at !     
,almighty _h 9 /ore = _! consolation1 & 
at ! end ( ! d9n] he feign$ a wi% to eat
 "s apples4 ,!y express$ _! regret t !y 
_h none to (f] him2 b po9t+ to ! trunk 9
 :i* ! *ild 0 %ut up1 he said3 ,let !m  
look !re1 & "s w be f\nd4 ,x 0 9 va9 t  
!y assur$ him t !re 7 none !re2 he      
insi/$ on hav+ ! trunk op5$4 ,!         
g5tleman1 to oblige him1 & ) a view (   
hid+ ! object ( _! grief1 op5$ ! trunk1 
:51 judge ( 8 a/oni%m5t on f9d+ 8 *ild  
alive & well1 &1 ) a smil+ c\nt5ance1   
hold+ an apple 9 ea* h&4 ,transport$ )  
joy1 he c>ri$ ! *ild & plac$ x 9 ! arms 
( ! holy man4  ,! p ( ,capua 7 s mov$ by
 8 prea*+1 & by ! miracles he p]=m$1    
p>ticul>ly on 8 hav+ sav$ f ! wat]s a   
woman :om ! riv] ,volturnus _h c>ri$ (f1

 t ! t[n made him ! (f] ( a conv5t4 ,/4 
,ana/asius1 ,bi%op ( ,civita di ,p5na1  
gave him ano!r1 ) great m>ks ( reg>d1   
aft] hav+ gone out to meet him1 on an   
inspiration he _h 9 8 sleep t ,francis  
w\ld come ! next day to 8 t[n1 a        
circum/ance :i* is record$ by a pa9t+ 9 
! *ur*1 & is expla9$ 9 two ,lat9 v]ses4 
,! s]vant ( ,god hav+ prea*$ dur+ !     
entire day at ,montella1 w5t to pass !  
night 9 a wood 9 ! vic9ity ( t t[n1 :]e 
he seat$ himself ) 8 companion "u an    
ev]gre5 oak4 ,"s p]sons :o pass$ by1 9 !
 morn+1 p]ceiv$ t !re 0 no sn[ :]e ! two
 religi\s sat1 al?\gh !re _h be5 a heavy
 fall 9 ! night1 & !y relat$ !          
circum/ance to ! ,"l ( ,montella1 :o s5t
 = ,francis1 & entreat$ him to rema9 9 t
 c\ntry1 or to leave "s ( 8 companions  
among/ !m1 = ! in/ruction ( ! p4 ,he    
left two1 = :om !y built a h\se on ! v  
spot :]e heav5 _h be5 s favorable to    
him4  ,! =ce :i* ,god gave to 8         
disc\rses1 & ! miracles ( :i* ,he made  
him ! in/rum5t1 conv]t$ s9n]s1 & animat$

 ! piety ( ! good4 ,bo? ! "o & ! o!r 7  
anxi\s to reta9 him among/ !m1 or1 at   
lea/1 to h "s ( 8 religi\s4 ,9 ?is      
j\rney alone1 he f\nd$ m ?an tw5ty      
h\ses1 among :i* 0 "o at ,amalfi1 :i!r 8
 devotion _h l$ him to honor ! relics ( 
! ,apo/le ,/4 ,&rew4 ,! inhabitants (   
,acropoli1 :o at fir/ _h be5 deaf to 8  
in/ruction1 7 p5etrat$ ) contrition1 &  
gave him a conv5t1 aft] hav+ be5        
reproa*$ ) ! h>dness ( _! he>ts by a    
multitude ( fi%1 t ,god caus$ to collect
 r\nd a rock f :i* ,francis prea*$ ^?   
tru?s :i* ?is p _h refus$ to li/5 to4   
,! ,emp]or ,fr$]ic ,,ii 01 at t "t1 ) 8 
c\rt at ,b>i4 ,! s]vant ( ,god w5t !re1 
no d\bt1 to v5]ate ! relics ( ! great   
bi%op ,/4 ,ni*olas2 he prea*$ 9 ! t[n1 &
 z 8 disc\rses 7 always made suitable to
 ! wants ( 8 auditors1 he spoke         
en]getically on ! dang]s ( ! c\rt1 &    
p>ticul>ly aga9/ impurity4  ,on leav+   
,b>i1 he f\nd on ! road a purse1 :i*    
appe>$ to be full ( money4 ,8 companion1
 :o 0 aw>e ( 8 great *>ity1 said t he   

ought to take x = ! poor4 ,francis      
refus$ to d s1 say+ t x 0 only a sn>e ( 
! devil1 & t1 if x 0 really money :i* _h
 be5 lo/1 x w\ld n be "r to take :at    
belong$ to o!rs to give away 9 alms2 s  
!y cont9u$ _! r\te4 ,8 companion 0 n    
satisfi$2 he ?\ght t an opportunity 0   
lo/ ( do+ a good action1 & he tir$      
,francis ) 8 remon/rances4 ,! holy man1 
:o 0 v mild & v oblig+1 return$ to !    
spot :]e ! purse 01 n int5d+ to d :at 8 
companion wi%$1 b to expose to him !    
artifice ( ! evil _s4 ,a "y man 0 pass+ 
at ! "t1 9 ^: pres5ce he told 8         
companion to take up ! purse2 he1       
trembl+ f a secret misgiv+ ( :at 0 ab\t 
to happ51 w\ld h be5 glad n to h any?+  
to d ) x2 b1 oblig$ to obey1 he put 8 h&
 to x1 :i* he _h no soon] done ?an he   
saw a l>ge snake slide out1 :i*         
disappe>$ ) ! purse4 ,on :i*1 ,francis  
said to 8 companions3 ,bro!r1 money is1 
z reg>ds ! s]vants ( ,god1 b z a v5om\s 
s]p5t1 & ev5 ! devil himself4 ,we may "h
 add1 t x is ! same ?+ = ^? :o are too  

fond ( x1 & :o av>ici\sly keep x1 or    
make x s]ve = ! gratification ( _!      
passions4 ,a *apel1 :i* has be5 built 9 
t place1 is a memorial ( ! tea*+ ( !    
,patri>* to ! poor ( ,jesus ,*ri/4  ,8  
devotion induc$ him also to visit !     
grotto consecrat$ by ! app>ition ( !    
,ar*angel ,mi*ael1 on ,m\nt ,g>gano4 ,!y
 wi%$1 out ( respect1 to take him to ! v
 spot :]e ! bless$ _s 0 manife/$1 & :]e 
mass is (f]$ up1 a privilege :i* is n   
all[$ to all4 ,b ?r\gh humility he /opp$
 at ! door1 &1 z he 0 urg$ to ent]1 he  
said3 ,i d>e n g f>!r2 ?is place is     
awful2 x is ! dwell+ ( angels1 :om m5   
%\ld respect 9 all ways4 ,! place :]e he
 /opp$ to pray is %[n to ?is day4 ,^!   
s5tim5ts ( humility %\ld aba% ^?        
,*ri/ians :o cr[d r\nd our alt>s 9      
unbecom+ po/ures1 & p>ticul>ly ^?       
worldly wom5 :o1 9 immode/ po/ures & 9  
an air ( vanity1 approa* contemptu\sly !
 sanctu>y 9 :i* ! ,sacr$ ,body ( ,jesus 
reposes4  ,francis plac$ "s ( 8 religi\s
 ne> ,m\nt ,g>gano & 9 "s o!r p>ts1 aft]

 :i* he came to ,gubbio1 :]e he cur$ a  
woman1 ! s9ews ( ^: h&s 7 contract$4    
,ne> ,gubbio1 a soldi] call$ ,b5v5uto1  
ask$ to be admitt$ into ! ,ord]2 he 0   
admitt$ z a lay-bro!r1 ) directions to  
wait ^u ! lep]s4 ,pr(\nd humility1      
implicit ob$i5ce1 an ard5t *>ity1 ! love
 ( pov]ty & ( sil5ce1 assiduity 9 pray]1
 p]fect pati5ce 9 sickness1 & a t5d]    
devotion to ! ,bless$ ,sacram5t1 r5d]$  
?is soldi] an excell5t religi\s4 ,god   
honor$ him ) s _m miracles dur+ 8       
lifetime & aft] 8 dea?1 :i* happ5$ 9 !  
ye> #abcb1 t ,pope ,gregory ,,ix _h     
in=mation tak5 on ! subject1 9 #abcf1   
?r\gh ! ,bi%ops ( ,malfi1 ,molfetta1 &  
,v5osa1 & p]mitt$ ^! ?ree dioceses to   
allot to him an (fice1 :i* is n[ said by
 ! :ole ,ord] ( ,fri>s ,m9or4  ,!re     
liv$1 betwe5 ,gubbio & ,massa1 an old   
advocate ( ! ,roman c\rt1 call$         
,b>?olomew ,b>o1 :o _h retir$ ?i!r to   
avoid ! tumults & dang]s ( ! _w1 & liv$ 
9 great reputation ( sanctity4 ,francis1
 delight$ at :at he _h he>d ( him1 wi%$ 

to see him4 ,!y disc\rs$ on spiritual   
?+s1 & ,b>?olomew1 he>+ t !re 0 a ,?ird 
,ord]1 will+ly ent]$ x4 ,! holy ,f\nd]  
:o saw t great prud5ce 0 associat$ ) 8  
consummate piety1 plac$ confid5ce 9 him 
reg>d+ ! affairs ( 8 ,ord]1 & left "s ( 
8 religi\s ) him4  ,/4 ,anton9us        
relates1 t ,b>?olomew _h 9 8 h]mitage a 
man possess$ by ! devil1 :o 0           
incessantly talk+1 b :o did n speak a ^w
 dur+ ! ?ree days t ,francis 0 !re4     
,aft] 8 dep>ture he recomm5c$ talk+1 &  
,b>?olomew hav+ ask$ him :y1 dur+ ! /ay 
( ,francis1 he _h kept sil5ce3 ,x 01 he 
said1 because ,god _h s ti$ 8 tongue t x
 0 out ( 8 p[] to speak a s+le ^w4 ,h[  
is x1 !n1 repli$ ,b>?olomew3 is ,francis
 s great a man1 t 8 pres5ce has su* an  
effect8 ,truly1 rejo9$ ! demoniac1 8    
virtue is s great1 t all ! _w w see 9   
him mo/ wond]ful ?+s4 ,x is n long s9ce 
our pr9ce call$ u all toge!r1 & told u t
 ,god1 :o 9 all times _h s5t m5 = !     
conv]sion ( s9n]s1 has simil> designs 9 
reg>d to ?is man1 & t ,jesus ,*ri/      

proposes to r5ew ,8 passion 9 ,francis1 
9 ord] to impr9t x 9 ! he>ts ( m5 f :5ce
 x is oblit]at$4  ,z ?is 0 said two ye>s
 be=e ,francis receiv$ ! /igmata1 x w\ld
 seem t ! pr9ce ( d>kness _h "s k ( !   
favors :i* ,jesus ,*ri/ int5d$ to conf] 
on ,francis4 ,/4 ,augu/9e says1 t ! ,son
 ( ,god made ,himself kn[n to ! demons  
on e>?1 mak+ c]ta9 signs to !m ( ,8     
pres5ce2 b t x 0 only z f> z ,he ?\ght  
prop]2 t ,he made use ( x1 :5 necess>y  
to inspire !m ) t]ror2 & t1 at o!r      
times1 ,he left !m 9 d\bt z to ,8       
div9ity4 ,accord+ to ?is doctr9e1 x     
might be said t ,god1 to conf\nd !      
demons1 _h made kn[n to _! *ief ,8      
int5tion to r5ew ! ,passion ( ,jesus    
,*ri/ 9 ! p]son ( ,francis1 )\t in=m+   
him 9 :at mann] ?is 0 to happ51 = x is  
c]ta9 t ?is _s ( d>kness1 nei!r by 8    
natural lights1 nor by conjectures1 _h !
 means ( discov]+ a favor :i* solely    
dep5d$ on ! ,div9e w4  ,at l5g?1 hav+   
labor$ = ! salvation ( s\ls ) great     
fatigue1 ne>ly ! :ole ye>1 ! holy       

,patri>* return$ to 8 de> home1 ,/4 ,m>y
 ( ! ,angels1 to att5d m imm$iately to 8
 own sanctification4 ,he !re receiv$    
,bro!r ,cas> ( ,spire1 :o _h return$ f  
,g]many1 & ! subject ( ^: mission we mu/
 n[ resume1 hav+ lo/ sight ( x s9ce !   
ye> #abba4  ,?is zeal\s mission>y left  
,italy ) tw5ty-sev5 companions1 divid$  
into small p>ties1 & be=e ! ,fea/ ( ,/4 
,mi*ael1 !y arriv$ successfully at      
,tr5t1 :]e !y rema9$ fifte5 days1 dur+  
:i* ! bi%op provid$ lib]ally = all _!   
wants4 ,on ! day ( ! fe/ival1 ,cas>     
prea*$ to ! cl]gy1 & ,b>nabas to ! p4   
,an inhabitant ( ! t[n1 nam$ ,pellegr9o1
 0 s mov$ by ,b>nabas's disc\rse1 t he  
_h all ! bre?r5 newly clo!d1 & %ortly   
aft]w>ds he sold all 8 prop]ty1 gave x  
to ! poor1 & took ! same habit himself4 
,cas> left "s ( ! bre?r5 at ,tr5t1      
exhort+ !m to ! practice ( pati5ce &    
humility1 & !n set out ) ! rema9d]4 ,on 
_! way !y att5d$ ) great] int]e/ to     
spiritual ?an temporal wants1 al?\gh !y 
_h commission$ "s ( _! companions to    

provide :at 0 necess>y = !m4 ,! ,bi%op (
 ,tr5t1 :om !y f\nd at ,pos51 deta9$ !m 
= "s days1 & gave !m leave to prea* 9 ! 
:ole ( 8 diocese4 ,f !nce !y w5t to     
,brix51 :]e ! bi%op receiv$ !m v        
*>itably2 b f !nce !y _h mu* to suff] 9 
! m\nta9s1 :]e !y c\ld procure no?+ to  
eat1 aft] long & fatigu+ m>*es1 & 7     
r$uc$ to fe$ ^u wild fruits1 & ev5 !n !y
 _h a scruple ( ta/+ ^! on ,friday      
morn+1 because x 01 by _! rule1 a fa/1  
al?\gh !y _h slept 9 ! op5 air1 & _h _h 
sc>cely any?+ to eat ! prec$+ day4 ,b   
,god support$ !m1 & !y rea*$ ,augsburg1 
:]e ! bi%op embrac$ !m all1 & gave !m   
special m>ks ( 8 b5evol5ce4  ,9 #abba1  
ne> ! ,fea/ ( ,/4 ,gall1 :i* is on !    
sixte5? ( ,octob]1 ,cas> assembl$ ! fir/
 *apt] ( ! ,ord] :i* _h be5 held 9      
,g]many2 !re 7 ab\t ?irty ( 8 bre?r51   
:om he di/ribut$ 9 sev]al prov9ces ( ?is
 va/ c\ntry4 ,"s 7 s5t to ,wurtzburg1   
,m5tz1 ,worms1 ,spire1 & ,cologne1 :]e  
!y ex]t$ !mselves ) mu* success = !     
salvation ( s\ls1 & built conv5ts4      

,giordano 0 s5t ) two companions to     
,saltzburg1 & ! ar*bi%op ( t city       
receiv$ !m ) great b5evol5ce4 ,?ree o!rs
 w5t to ,ratisboa1 :]e !y f\nd$ an      
excell5t e/abli%m5t4 ,! prov9cial foll[$
 !m1 animat+ !m by ^w & example4 ,:ile  
at ,wurtzburg1 he gave ! habit ( !      
,fri>s ,m9or to a "y man ( good family1 
nam$ ,h>tmod1 :o _h enjoy$ a good       
education4 ,he call$ him ,&rew1 because 
! day ( 8 reception 0 t ( ! holy        
,apo/le4 ,&rew1 hav+ tak5 holy ord]s "s 
"t aft]1 became a celebrat$ prea*]1 & 0 
! fir/ w>d5 9 ,saxony4 ,rod+] 0 also    
admitt$ into ! ,ord]1 :o 0 aft]w>ds w>d5
 ( ! conv5t ( ,halb]/ad1 & director (   
,/4 ,elizabe? ( ,hung>y1 be=e ,dr4      
,conrad ( ,m>burg4  ,9 #abbb1 ,cas>1    
hav+ receiv$ a great numb] ( novices1 "s
 ( :om 7 made prie/s1 assembl$ a *apt]  
at ,worms1 & f9d+ t ! ,ord] 0 tak+ firm 
root 9 ,g]many1 he in/itut$ z           
vice-prov9cial1 ,?omas de ,celano1 &    
return$ into ,italy ) ,simon de         
,collazon1 :o _h pref]r$ ! humble /ate (

 ,fri> ,m9or to ! nobility ( 8 bir?4 ,! 
reason ( ,cas>'s return 0 ! anxi\s      
desire he _h to see once m 8 holy       
,patri>*1 & 8 companions 9 ! ,valley (  
,spoleto1 ) :om he 0 intimately unit$   
?r\gh virtue4 ,he 0 a man greatly atta*$
 to contemplation1 v zeal\s = holy      
pov]ty1 & highly e/eem$ by 8 bre?r51 :o1
 aft] _! holy ,fa!r1 look$ up to him    
above any o!r4  ,! religi\s :om he _h   
left 9 ,g]many pursu$ _! mission ) great
 success4 ,ev5 9 ?is ye>1 or %ortly     
aft]1 !y p5etrat$1 ) ! ,fri>s ,prea*]s1 
into ! ,k+dom ( ,sw$51 & into "s o!r    
c\ntries ( ! ,nor?1 accord+ to !        
te/imony ( ,john ! ,great4 ,ar*bi%op (  
,upsal1 & ,legate ( ! ,holy ,see1 :o    
notices ?is circum/ance 9 ! hi/ory ( 8  
*ur*4  ,?is prelate rem>ks t "o ( ! fir/
 :o ent]$ ! ,in/itute ( ! ,fri>s ,m9or1 
0 ,laur5ce ,octavius1 an illu/ri\s man1 
^: conv]sion made su* a s5sation1 t x   
drew into ! ,ord] _m p]sons ( high rank4
 ,! poor habit :i* he wore1 & :i* he    
honor$ by 8 spl5did virtues1 &          

p>ticul>ly by love ( suff]+1 did n r5d] 
x less v5]able ?an 8 sci5ces4  ,octavius
 c\ld n avoid giv+ 8 cons5t1 9 ! ye>    
#abdd or #abde1 to ! election :i* 0     
unanim\sly made ( 8 p]son1 by ! cl]gy & 
p1 = ! ,ar*bi%opric ( ,upsal1 :i* 0     
confirm$ by ,innoc5t ,,iv4 ,9 ?is       
dignity1 he cont9u$ to live ! life ( a  
true ,fri> ,m9or1 & did s mu* = !       
salvation ( 8 flock1 z well z = ! b5efit
 ( ! :ole k+dom1 t1 if h]esy _h n       
de/roy$ 9 ,sw$5 all s5tim5ts ( piety ) !
 light ( fai?1 8 memory w\ld /ill be    
honor$ !re z "o ( _! greate/ z well z   
holie/ p]sons4 ,he di$ a sa9tly dea?1 9 
! ye> #abfg1 & *ose to be buri$ among ! 
,fri>s ,m9or1 ) :om he w\ld h gladly    
sp5t 8 life4  ,:ile ! ,in/itute ( ,/4   
,francis ?us fl\ri%$ 9 ,g]many & 9 !    
,nor?1 a treasure 0 discov]$ 9 ,italy1  
:i* _h be5 up to ?is "t ov]look$4 ,x 0 !
 great ,/4 ,an?ony ( ,padua1 :o 0 lead+ 
a hidd5 life 9 ! ,h]mitage ( ,/4 ,paul  
ne> ,bologna4  ,8 sup]ior s5t him1 ) "s 
o!rs1 to ,=li1 9 ,romagna1 to take      

ord]s4 ,"s ,fri>s ,prea*]s 7 also       
pres5t4 ,be+ assembl$ toge!r at ! h\r ( 
conf]5ce1 ! sup]ior ( ! place reque/$ ! 
,fri>s ,prea*]s to give !m an           
exhortation4 ,z !y excus$ !mselves      
because !y 7 n prep>$1 he turn$ to      
,an?ony1 & )\t be+ aw>e ( ! dep? ( 8    
le>n+1 he ord]$ him to say :atev] !     
,holy ,_s %\ld sugge/ to him4 ,an?ony   
repli$ ) great humility t he 0 ill fitt$
 = su* a task1 & t he 0 mu* m qualifi$ =
 clean+ ! plates ?an = prea*+4 ,h[ev]1  
yield+ to ! sup]ior's reit]at$ ord]1 he 
began to disc\rse ) simplicity &        
timidity2 b ,god1 propos+ to place      
conspicu\sly ! lamp :i* 0 hidd5 "u !    
bu%el1 he cont9u$ 8 disc\rse ) s mu*    
eloqu5ce1 & %[$ himself to possess s    
pr(\ndly le>n$ a doctr9e1 t ! audi5ce 0 
mo/ agreeably surpris$1 & admitt$ t !y  
_h nev] he>d any?+ to equal x2 & !y did 
n "k :i* mo/ to admire1 8 le>n+ or 8    
humility4  ,x 01 inde$1 requisite to be 
possess$ ( r>e & extraord9>y humility1  
to hide ) s mu* c>e su* sublime le>n+1 &

 tal5ts s v>i$2 = ,an?ony _h e>ne/ly    
reque/$ ! gu>dian ( ! conv5t 9 :i* he 01
 to employ him 9 clean+ ! plates &      
di%es1 & 9 sweep+ ! h\se4 ,?is man1 :o1 
accord+ to ! say+ ( ! ,apo/le1 0 ,a     
vessel ( honor1 sanctifi$ & pr(itable to
 ! ,"l1 prep>$ unto e good "w1 treat$   
himself1 & wi%$ to be consid]$ by 8     
companions1 z "o ( ! vile/ among/ m54   
,he 0 des]v+ ( ! highe/ place1 & took ! 
v l[e/4 ,he 0 s deeply v]s$ 9 ! ,holy   
,scriptures1 t 8 memory s]v$ him z a    
book2 & he p5etrat$ s well into ! mo/   
obscure passages t he 0 ! admiration ( !
 mo/ pr(\nd !ologians2 b he 0 m anxi\s  
to be conf\nd$ ) ! unle>n$1 & to be     
unkn[n1 ?an to let 8 le>n+ be discov]$1 
& to appe> capable ( in/ruct+ o!rs4  ,we
 may "h notice a reflection ( ,/4 ,b]n>d
 on a some:at simil> case3 ,let ?is     
passage be rem>k$ by ^? :o und]take to  
tea* :at !y h n le>nt !mselves2 seek+ = 
s*ol>s1 )\t hav+ _h ma/]s1 !y are ! bl9d
 lead+ ! bl9d4 ,b ju/ice is done !m2    
al?\gh x is admitt$ t !y h "s tal5t1 x  

is soon f\nd t !y h no?+ solid1 & !y are
 treat$ ) contempt4  ,! =tunate discov]y
 t 0 ?us made ( ! tal5ts ( ,an?ony1 soon
 rea*$ ! e>s ( ,francis1 :o ord]$ him to
 apply himself to ! pulpit4 ,he desir$1 
h[ev]1 t ! prea*]1 9 ord] to ex]cise 8  
m9i/ry ) ! greate/ effect1 %\ld /udy    
!ology at ,v]celli1 "u ! ,abbot ( ,/4   
,&rew1 :o gave lessons ) great          
reputation1 & :o is suppos$ to h be5 !  
celebrat$ ,doctor ,?omas1 a canon regul>
 ( ! ,abbey ( ,/4 ,victor ( ,p>is4 ,he 0
 s5t to be ! fir/ abbot at ! ,abbey (   
,/4 ,&rew ( ,v]celli1 :i* 0 f\nd$ ab\t !
 ye> #abbj4 ,an?ony _h z a fell[-/ud5t  
ano!r ,fri> ,m9or1 nam$ ,adam de        
,m>isco1 an ,engli%man1 :o 0 aft]w>ds a 
doctor ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d1 ! hol9ess
 ( 8 life1 8 le>n+1 & 8 writ+s r5d]$ him
 fam\s ?r\gh\t ! :ole realm ( ,engl&4   
,he 0 subsequ5tly elect$ ,bi%op ( ,ely4 
,! application :i* ,an?ony gave to !    
/udy ( !ology did n prev5t 8 prea*+ dur+
 all ,l5t at ,milan1 & at o!r times 9 "s
 p>ts ( ! du*y4 ,b 8 prea*+ 0 no        

h9drance to 8 /udies1 because ! lights  
he _h previ\sly acquir$1 & ^? he receiv$
 f above1 toge!r ) 8 spl5did tal5ts1    
gave him an insight into ! mo/ sublime  
tru?s4 ,8 progress 0 s quick & s great1 
t 8 ma/] (t5 decl>$1 t he le>nt _m ?+s f
 8 s*ol>4 ,speak+ ( ! book ( ! cele/ial 
hi]>*y :i* he 0 expla9+1 he said t 8    
s*ol> ran ov] ! sev]al ord]s ( bless$   
spirits ) s mu* precision1 & a          
p5etration s surpris+1 t x might h be5  
?\ght t ! :ole heav5ly ho/ pass$ be=e   
him4 ,?is exalt$ wisdom1 jo9$ to 8 em95t
 virtues1 induc$ 8 illu/ri\s preceptor  
to give him ! "n ( ,sa9t1 & to apply our
 ,bless$ ,"l's eulogy ( ,/4 ,john !     
,bapti/ to him3 ,he 0 a burn+ & a %9+   
light4 ,an?ony 0 reque/$ by 8           
fell[-/ud5ts to communicate to !m !     
le>n+ 9 :i* he ab\nd$1 & to give lessons
 9 ! conv5t1 b he w\ld n take ^u himself
 to ex]cise ! functions ( ma/]1 )\t hav+
 fir/ consult$ ! holy ,f\nd] ( ! ,ord]4 
,he wrote to him on ! subject1 & receiv$
 ! foll[+ answ]3  ,to my de> ,bro!r     

,an?ony1 ,bro!r ,francis s5ds greet+ 9  
,jesus ,*ri/4  ,i entirely approve ( y\r
 tea*+ ! bre?r5 sacr$ !ology2 9 su* a   
mann]1 h[ev]1 t ! _s ( pray] be n       
ext+ui%$ 9 y or 9 !m1 accord+ to ! rule 
:i* we pr(ess4 ,adieu4  ,?is is a pro( t
 ,francis 0 n ho/ile to /udy1 b t he    
only wi%$ x to be conduct$ 9 a religi\s 
mann]1 )\t prejudice to piety4 ,an?ony1 
hav+ obta9$ leave1 taught fir/ at       
,montpelli]1 & !n at ,bologna1 :]e      
/udies 7 aga9 set on foot1 to :i*       
disob$i5ce _h put a /op1 z has be5 said2
 !n he taught at ,padua1 at ,t\l\se1 & 9
 o!r places :]e he 0 /ation$3 always    
jo9+ to ?is holy ex]cise1 t ( prea*+ )  
wond]ful success4  ,at ! "t :5 he began 
tak+ lessons f ! ,abbot ( ,v]celli1 !   
mo/ celebrat$ doctor ( ! ,univ]sity (   
,p>is took ! habit ( ! ,fri>s ,m9or4    
,?is 0 ,alex&] d',hales or d',hels1 or  
,hales1 ?us nam$ f ! place ( 8 bir? 9 ! 
,c\nty ( ,gl\ce/]1 :]e1 f ! ye> #abdf1  
,ri*>d1 ,e>l ( ,cornwall1 _h f\nd$ a    
conv5t ( ! ,ord] ( ,citeaux4 ,hav+ gone 

?r\gh 8 c\rse ( humanities 9 ,engl&1 he 
came to ,p>is1 :]e he /udi$ philosophy &
 !ology1 took a doctor's degree1 taught1
 & 0 univ]sally admir$4  ,/4 ,anton9us  
believes t :at l$ to 8 vocation 0 ?is3  
hav+ made a v[ to grant1 if he possibly 
c\ld1 :atev] %\ld be ask$ ( him = ! love
 ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 = :om he _h a s+ul>
 devotion1 a p]son :o 0 que/+ = ! ,fri>s
 ,m9or1 came & said to him3 ,x is n[    
long en\gh t y h be5 labor+ = ! _w1 & y 
h acquir$ celebrity 9 x4 ,i entreat y1 =
 ! love ( ,god1 & ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 to
 ent] into our ,ord]1 :i* y w honor1 & y
 w sanctify y\rself4 ,! doctor 0        
surpris$ at ?is reque/1 b ,god t\*$ 8   
he>t1 & he repli$ to ! bro!r3 ,i %all   
foll[ y v soon2 & %all d z y wi%1 &     
%ortly aft]1 he took ! habit ( a ,fri>  
,m9or4 ,o!rs1 h[ev]1 are ( op9ion1 t he 
0 induc$ to quit ! _w by ! example ( 8  
fell[-c\ntryman1 ,john ( ,/4 ,gilles1 an
 illu/ri\s doctor1 :o1 prea*+ "o day to 
! cl]gy1 ) great en]gy1 on volunt>y     
pov]ty1 9 ! conv5t ( ! ,fri>s ,prea*]s1 

desc5d$ f ! pulpit 9 ! middle ( 8 s]mon1
 & 9 ord] to give =ce to 8 words by 8   
example1 he took ! habit ( ,/4 ,dom9ic1 
& return$ to ! pulpit to f9i% 8         
disc\rse4  ,h[ev] ?is may be1 ! holy    
life & happy dea? ( ,alex&] ,hales 9 !  
,ord] ( ,/4 ,francis1 bore te/imony to 8
 hav+ be5 call$ by ,god4 ,x is said t1  
at fir/1 ! practices 7 difficult to him1
 & t "s int]ior suff]+ made him ?9k (   
leav+ ! ,ord]1 b t1 9 ?is agitation1 he 
saw 9 _s ,francis be>+ a heavy wood5    
cross1 & endeavor+ to c>ry x up a v /eep
 hill2 t he (f]$ to assi/ him1 b t !    
holy ,patri>* spurn$ 8 aid indignantly1 
say+3 ,begone1 y feeble man2 y h n !    
c\rage to be> y\r own light cross1 & y  
w\ld attempt to be> ?is heavy "o6 ,?is  
vision hav+ enlight5$ ! doctor :o 0 a   
novice1 he 0 deliv]$ entirely f !       
temptation "u :i* he labor$4  ,he       
cont9u$ to tea* ) ! same repute2 & !    
faculty ( !ology1 to d honor to 8 m]its1
 gave him ! privilege ( pres5t+ "o ( 8  
bre?r5 & disciples = a doctor's degree2 

:i* he did ! fir/ "t by an int]ior      
revelation1 9 favor ( ,bro!r ,john de la
 ,ro*elle1 :o aft]w>ds became v         
celebrat$4 ,alex&] _h _m o!r disciples  
di/+ui%$ bo? = _! le>n+ & _! piety1 b   
!re are none :o h done m honor to 8     
in/ructions ?an ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 &1     
accord+ to ! op9ion ( _m au?ors1 ,/4    
,?omas ,aqu9as4 ,among 8 writ+s1 :i* are
 v num]\s1 & on all sorts ( subjects1 8 
,summa is mu* e/eem$1 9 :i*1 by ord] (  
,pope ,innoc5t ,,iv1 he arrang$         
me?odically ! !ological subjects4 ,?is  
is ! fir/ ,summa :i* 0 compil$1 & x has 
s]v$ z a model = all o!rs4 ,pope ,alex&]
 ,,iv spoke 9 ! highe/ t]ms1 bo? ( !    
au?or & ( 8 "w4  ,g]son1 ,*ancellor ( ! 
,univ]sity ( ,p>is1 9 speak+ ( ,alex&]'s
 doctr9e1 expresses himself z foll[s3 ,x
 is n to be told h[ _m excell5t ?+s x   
conta9s4 ,i decl>e to h read 9 a        
treatise1 t "s "o hav+ ask$ ,/4 ,?omas  
:at 0 ! be/ mode ( /udy+ !ology1 he     
repli$1 ',to /udy ! works ( a s+le      
!ologian2' & be+ ask$ :at !ologian x 0  

desirable to fix on1 he nam$ ,alex&]    
,hales4 ,?us1 cont9ues ,g]son1 ! writ+s 
( ,/4 ,?omas1 & pr9cipally ! ,seconda   
,seconda1 %[ h[ famili> ! works &       
doctr9e ( ,alex&] 7 to him4  ,s !n le>n$
 m5 ent]$ ! ,ord] ( ,fri>s ,m9or1 z ,/4 
,francis _h =etold2 & ?is is ! reason :y
 he recomm5d$ t pray] %\ld be jo9$ to   
/udy1 le/ le>n+ %\ld oblit]ate piety4   
,! indulg5ce grant$ to ,/4 ,m>y ( !     
,angels1 or ! ,portiuncula1 two ye>s    
previ\s to ?is "t1 _h n yet _h ! day    
fix$ on :i* ! fai?ful c\ld ga9 x4       
,francis wait$ till ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o    
fir/ conc$$ s preci\s a boon1 %\ld      
,himself m>k ! day1 nor 0 he disappo9t$4
 ,x occurr$ z foll[s3  ,"o night1 :5 he 
0 pray+ 9 8 cell1 at ,/4 ,m>y ( !       
,angels1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ye> #abbc1 !    
tempt] sugge/$ to him n to wat* & pray s
 mu*1 b r to adopt o!r modes ( p5ance1  
because1 f 8 age1 m sleep & re/ 0       
absolutely necess>y = him1 & ^! wat*+s  
w\ld be 8 dea?4 ,be+ aw>e ( ! malice ( 8
 inf]nal enemy1 he retir$ to ! woods1 & 

?rew himself d[n into a bu% ( bri>s &   
?orns1 till he 0 cov]$ ) blood4 ,=1 said
 he to himself1 x is mu* bett] t ,i %\ld
 suff] ^! pa9s ) ,jesus ,*ri/1 ?an t ,i 
%\ld foll[ ! advice ( an enemy :o       
flatt]s me4  ,a brilliant light :i*     
surr\nd$ him1 disclos$ to him a great   
numb] ( :ite & r$ roses1 al?\gh x 0 !   
mon? ( ,janu>y1 & ! w9t] 0 v sev]e4 ,?is
 0 an effect ( ! p[] ( ,god1 :o _h *ang$
 ! bri>s into rose-trees1 :i* h ev] s9ce
 be5 ev]gre5 & )\t ?orns4  ,angels1 :o  
appe>$ 9 great numb]s1 said to him3     
,francis1 ha/5 to return to ! ,*ur*1    
,jesus ,*ri/ is !re1 toge!r ) ,8 ,bless$
 ,"m4 ,at ! same "t1 he p]ceiv$ himself 
miracul\sly clo!d ) a new habit ( pure  
:ite2 he ga!r$ twelve roses ( ea* color1
 & w5t to ! *ur*4 ,aft] a pr(\nd        
adoration he address$ ! foll[+ pray] to 
,jesus ,*ri/1 "u ! protection ( ! mo/   
,bless$ ,virg93 ,mo/ holy ,fa!r1 ,"l (  
heav5 & e>?1 ,savi\r ( man1 deign1 ?r\gh
 ,?y great m]cy1 to fix ! day ( !       
indulg5ce :i* ,?\ ha/ be5 pleas$ to     

grant to ?is sacr$ place4  ,our ,"l     
answ]$ him1 t x 0 ,8 desire t x %\ld be 
f ! ev5+ ( ! vigil ( ! day :5 ,/4 ,pet] 
! ,apo/le 0 deliv]$ f 8 *a9s1 to ! ev5+ 
( ! foll[+ day4 ,francis1 aga9 ask+ 9   
:at mann] ?is %\ld be publicly made     
kn[n1 & :e!r 8 own ass]tion w\ld be giv5
 cr$it to1 he 0 direct$ to pres5t       
himself be=e ! vic> ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 to  
take ) him "s :ite & r$ roses z         
te/imonials ( ! tru? ( ! fact1 also a   
numb] ( 8 own bre?r51 :o w\ld te/ify to 
:at !y _h he>d2 =1 f ! cells :i* 7 ne> !
 *ur*1 !y _h1 inde$1 he>d all t _h be5  
said4 ,!n ! angels sang ! hymn ,te ,deum
 laudamus4 ,francis took ?ree roses (   
ea* color 9 honor ( ! ,mo/ ,bless$      
,tr9ity1 & ! vision disappe>$4          
,francis1 accompani$ by ,bro!rs ,b]n>d  
de ,qu9tavalle1 ,pet] ( ,catania1 &     
,angelus ( ,rieti1 set out = ,rome1 :]e 
he relat$ to ! ,pope all t _h happ5$ at 
,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels1 9 pro( :]e(1 he   
pres5t$ to him ! roses he _h br\ght1 & 8
 companions te/ifi$ to :at !y _h he>d4  

,! ,pope1 a/oni%$ to see su* beautiful &
 sweet-smell+ roses 9 ! dep? ( w9t]1    
said3 ,z to myself1 ,i believe ! tru? ( 
:at y tell me1 b x is a matt] :i* mu/ be
 submitt$ to ! c>d9als = _! op9ions4 ,9 
! meantime1 he direct$ 8 att5dants to   
see t !y %\ld n want = any?+4  ,! next  
day1 !y came be=e ! consi/ory1 :]e      
,francis1 by ! ,pope's desire1 said1 9  
pres5ce ( ! c>d9als3 ,x is ! w ( ,god t 
:oev] %all1 ) a contrite & humble he>t1 
aft] hav+ confess$ 8 s9s1 & receiv$     
absolution by a prie/1 ent] ! ,*ur* (   
,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels1 9 ! ,diocese (    
,assisi1 betwe5 ! fir/ vesp]s ( ! fir/  
day ( ,augu/ & ! vesp]s ( ! second day1 
%all obta9 an entire remission ( all !  
s9s he may h committ$ f 8 ,baptism until
 t mom5t4 ,! ,sov]eign ,pontiff1 see+ t 
! words ( ,francis 7 n ?\ght to h any   
deceit 9 !m1 hav+ conf]r$ ) ! c>d9als   
!reon = "s "t1 confirm$ ! indulg5ce4 ,& 
he subsequ5tly ord]$ ! ,bi%ops (        
,assisi1 ,p]ugia1 ,todi1 ,spoleto1      
,foligno1 ,noc]a1 & ,gubbio1 to meet at 

! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels1 on !    
fir/ ( ,augu/ ( t ye>1 & !re solemnly to
 publi% ?is indulg5ce4  ,all ^! prelates
 met on ! day specifi$1 & hav+ m\nt$ a  
l>ge plat=m1 :i* _h be5 prep>$ outside (
 ! *ur*1 !y made ,francis m\nt !re also1
 to expla9 to ! assembly1 :i* 0 v num]\s
 & ga!r$ f all p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 ! cause 
( _! meet+4 ,he spoke ) s mu* f]vor t x 
seem$ to be r an angel :o address$ !    
meet+ ?an a man1 & he end$ 8 disc\rse by
 ann\nc+ ! pl5>y & p]petual indulg5ce   
:i* ,god & ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff grant$  
to ?is *ur* e ye> on t day4 ,! bi%ops 7 
n satisfi$ ) 8 publi%+ x to be 9        
p]petuity4 ,bro!r ,francis1 !y said1    
al?\gh ! ,pope desires u to d on ?is    
occasion :atev] y wi%1 x is n1 h[ev]1 8 
int5tion t we %\ld d ?+s :i* are n      
suitable2 !re=e y mu/ give notice t !   
indulg5ce is only to la/ = t5 ye>s4 ,!  
,bi%op ( ,assisi 0 ! fir/ to re/rict x  
to ?is "t1 b he c\ld n help say+1 z ,/4 
,francis _h1 9 p]petuity4 ,! o!r bi%ops 
endeavor$ successively to ann\nce ?is   

re/riction1 b ,god p]mitt$ t1 )\t int5d+
 x1 !y %\ld all say1 9 p]petuity4 ,by   
?is1 !y 7 made s5sible ( ! w ( ,god1 &  
will+ly proclaim$ ! indulg5ce to be     
p]petual4  ,_m ( ^? :o 7 at ! s]mon     
prea*$ by ,francis1 h left te/imony 9   
writ+ to ! effect1 t he _h 9 8 h& a     
small scroll on :i* 0 writt5 ^! words3  
,i wi% y all to g to ,p>adise4 ,i       
ann\nce to y a pl5>y indulg5ce :i* ,i h 
obta9$ f ! goodness ( our ,heav5ly      
,fa!r1 & f ! m\? ( ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff4
 ,all y :o are assembl$ "h to-day1 & ) a
 contrite & humble he>t h confess$ )    
s9c]ity1 & h receiv$ absolution f a     
prie/1 w h remission ( all y\r s9s2 & 9 
l mann]1 ^? :o come e ye> ) simil>      
dispositions1 w obta9 ! same4  ,su* is !
 way 9 :i* ! fam\s indulg5ce ( ,/4 ,m>y 
( ! ,angels1 or ( ,portiuncula1 0       
publi%$ on ! second day ( ,augu/2 an    
indulg5ce :i* ! ,sov]eign ,pontiffs h   
s9ce ext5d$ to all ! *ur*es ( ! ,ord] ( 
,/4 ,francis4  ,! sev5 prelates         
consecrat$ ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,m>y ( !       

,angels1 & p]=m$ a simil> c]emony = !   
,*ur* ( ,/4 ,damian1 at ! reque/ (      
,francis & ,cl>e4 ,! remembrance ( ?is  
is commemorat$ ye>ly at ,assisi1 on !   
n9? ( ,augu/4  ,! b5evol5t feel+ :i*    
,honorius ,,iii express$ to ! holy      
,patri>*1 :5 he 0 at ,rome1 = !         
indulg5ce ( ! ,portiuncula1 induc$ him  
to wi% t ?is ,pontiff w\ld au?orize     
solemnly ! ,rule ( ! ,ord]1 :i* ,innoc5t
 ,,iii _h only v]bally approv$4 ,he _h 9
 ! night ! foll[+ revelation1 :i* is ?us
 record$ by ,/4 ,bonav5ture3  ,x seem$  
to him t he _h tak5 up f ! gr\nd "s v   
small crumbs ( bread1 9 ord] to         
di/ribute !m to ! half-/>v$ bre?r5 :o   
surr\nd$ him1 & h[1 fe>ful le/ su* small
 crumbs %\ld fall out ( 8 h&s1 a heav5ly
 voice said to him3 ,francis1 collect   
all ^! crumbs & make a ho/ ( !m1 & give 
( x to su* z wi% to eat ( x4 ,he did s1 
& all ^? :o did n p>take ( x dev\tly1 or
 treat$ x contemptu\sly1 aft] hav+      
receiv$ x1 seem$ to be infect$ )        
leprosy4 ,9 ! morn+1 he relat$ all ?is  

to 8 companions1 & 0 di/ress$ at n      
compreh5d+ ! my/]y4 ,! foll[+ day1 :ile 
he 0 at pray]1 a voice f heav5 said to  
him3 ,francis1 ! crumbs ( la/ night are 
! words ( ! ,gospel1 ! ho/ is ! ,rule1 &
 ! leprosy is iniquity4  ,! t]m ( ,ho/1 
to designate ! ,rule1 is wor?y (        
p>ticul> consid]ation4 ,its import is t1
 z bread )\t leav51 :i* is call$ ! ,ho/1
 is made ( ! f9e/ fl\r1 s ! ,rule is    
compos$ ( :at is mo/ p]fect 9 ! ,gospel2
 & z ?is bread1 by ! words (            
consecration1 is *ang$ into ! ,body (   
,jesus ,*ri/1 ! true ,ho/ immolat$ on ! 
alt>1 s ^? :o make pr(ession ( ! ,rule1 
mu/ be trans=m$ into ho/s1 or victims1 &
 immolate !mselves to ,god4 ,x is ?us t 
,/4 ,paul w>ns ,*ri/ians1 ,to become z a
 new pa/e )\t leav51 & to pass ! :ole "t
 ( _! lives z a cont9ual fe/ival1       
pres5t+ _! bodies a liv+ sacrifice1 holy
 & pleas+ unto ,god4 ,/4 ,pet] also says
 to !m1 t !y are a ,spiritual h\se1 a   
holy prie/hood1 to (f] up spiritual     
sacrifices acceptable to ,god by ,jesus 

,*ri/4  ,! oracle ( ,heav5 communicat$  
to ,francis t ! ,rule :i* he s\ght to h 
approv$1 & :i* 0 compos$ ( s5t5ces f !  
,gospel1 requir$ abridgm5t1 & putt+ into
 ord] ) great] precision4 ,9 ord] to    
effect ?is1 he 0 inspir$1 aft] !        
publication ( ! indulg5ce1 to g to ,m\nt
 ,columbo1 ne> ,rieti1 :]e he retir$    
into an op5+ 9 ! rock1 ) ,bro!rs ,leo & 
,bonzio1 fa/+ on bread & wat]2 & ?is    
fa/1 accord+ to ! /atem5t ( ,m>ianus1   
la/$ =ty days4 ,!re he wrote ! ,rule1   
accord+ to ! dictation ( ! ,holy ,_s    
manife/$ to him1 9 pray]4 ,on 8 return  
to ,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels1 he put x into !
 h&s ( 8 vic>1 ,bro!r ,elias1 to read x1
 & keep x4 ,elias ?\ght x too sev]e1 &  
"s days aft]w>ds1 9 ord] to suppress x1 
he feign$ to h lo/ x by neglig5ce4 ,!   
holy m5 return$ to ! same place1 & wrote
 x out a second "t1 z if ,god _h dictat$
 x to him ) ,8 own m\?4  ,! vic>-g5]al  
communicat$ to "s ( ! prov9cial m9i/]s  
:at _h happ5$1 & told !m t ! ,f\nd] 0   
desir\s ( impos+ ^u !m a /rict] mode (  

life ?an t to :i* !y _h hi!rto adh]$4   
,!y conc]t$ toge!r :at !y %\ld d to av]t
 ?is1 & x 0 agre$ t ,elias1 z           
vic>-g5]al1 %\ld g & repres5t to him !  
inconv5i5ce ( su* increas$ au/]ity1 & ! 
objections ( 8 bre?r54 ,elias1 :o 0 aw>e
 ( ! firmness ( ,francis 9 ^! matt]s1 & 
_h be5 sev]ely rebuk$ by him on o!r     
occasions1 ackn[l$g$ t he did n d>e     
execute ?is commission alone1 b he (f]$ 
to accompany !m = ! common cause1 & !y  
cons5t$ to ?is arrangem5t4  ,:ile !y 7  
draw+ ne> to ! m\nta91 ,francis _h a    
revelation ( :at 0 pass+4 ,:5 !y _h     
rea*$ ! top1 he left ! op5+ ( ! rock    
quickly1 & dem&$ ( ,elias :at he & all  
^! m9i/]s :o 7 ) him want$4 ,elias1 )   
d[nca/ eyes1 & trembl+1 said1 9 a l[    
tone ( voice3 ,^! m9i/]s1 hav+ le>nt t y
 7 ab\t to give !m a new ,rule above !  
/r5g? ( man to endure1 h engag$ me to   
come "h1 9 my capacity ( vic>-g5]al1 to 
entreat y to modify x1 because !y w n   
receive x1 if x is too au/]e4  ,at ^!   
words1 ! ,sa9t1 9 great emotion &       

%udd]+1 rais$ 8 eyes to heav5 &         
exclaim$3 ,"l1 did ,i n say t ^! p w\ld 
n believe me8 ,z to myself1 ,i w keep   
?is ,rule to ! day ( my dea?1 ) ^? ( my 
companions :o love pov]ty2 b ,i %all n h
 x 9 my p[] to compel ^? :o d n *oose x1
 & :o make s mu* resi/ance4  ,jesus     
,*ri/ appe>$ 9 a lum9\s cl\d above      
,francis1 & said1 s t all he>d him3     
,little man1 :y are y discont5t$1 z if  
?is is y\r "w8--,x is ,i :o h dictat$ ! 
,rule2 no "p ( x is y\rs4 ,i insi/ on   
its be+ lit]ally obs]v$ to ! v lett]--to
 ! v lett]1 )\t gloss or comm5t4 ,i "k  
:at frail man c endure1 & :at support ,i
 c & w give him4 ,let ^? :o w n keep !  
,rule leave ! ,ord]2 ,i w raise up o!rs 
9 _! place2 & if x be requisite1 ,i w   
br+ !m =? f ^! /ones4  ,!n ,francis1 f !
 top ( ! rock on :i* he _h knelt d[n1   
address$ ^! words to ! vic>-g5]al & to !
 o!rs1 :o 7 greatly al>m$3 ,y n[ "k t   
y\r conspiracy has be5 solely an        
opposition to ! w ( ,god1 & t in/ead (  
tak+ into consid]ation :at ,he c d = u1 

y h only consult$ ! feeble light ( y\r  
human prud5ce4 ,h y he>d1 h y1 y\rself1 
he>d ! voice :i* came =? f ! cl\d1 & :i*
 spoke s audibly8 ,if x did n res\nd 9  
y\r e>s1 ,i w take /eps to cause y to   
he> x once m4 ,^u ?is1 ,elias & 8       
companions1 a/\nd$ & beside !mselves1   
retir$ )\t say+ a s+le ^w4  ,! holy     
,patri>* hav+ return$ to jo9 8 fai?ful  
*ildr5 9 ! small fissure ( ! rock1 9 :i*
 !y lay pro/rate at ! voice ( ! ,"l1    
said to !m3 ,rise up n[1 & fe> no?+1 b z
 true soldi]s ( ,jesus ,*ri/ put on !   
armor ( ,god1 9 ord] to be on y\r gu>d  
aga9/ ! sn>es :i* ! devil w n fail to   
?r[ 9 ! way ( y\r foll[+ ,him4 ,he left 
! m\nta9 & w5t to ! ne>e/ conv5t to %[ !
 ,rule to 8 bre?r51 int5d+ to           
communicate x aft]w>ds to ! o!rs1 9 ord]
 to "k :at ea* "o ?\ght ( x4 ,8         
c\nt5ance1 animat$ & %9+1 0 a           
manife/ation t ,god himself _h dictat$  
to him ! rule ( life :i* he propos$ to  
!m4 ,x 0 a /rik+ repres5tation ( ,moses 
com+ d[n f ,m\nt ,s9ai1 8 face %9+      

brightly4 ,! resemblance _c be too mu*  
admir$ 9 its sev]al relations4 ,moses1  
aft] a fa/ ( =ty days1 receiv$1 on a    
m\nta91 ! ,law :i* ,god gave him4 ,jesus
 ,*ri/ hav+ fa/$ =ty days1 0 on a m\nta9
 :5 ,he taught t doctr9e :i* embraces1 z
 ,/4 ,augu/9e obs]ves1 all ! p]fection (
 ! ,*ri/ian life4 ,& x 0 on a m\nta9 t x
 0 ,8 pleasure to give ,8 s]vant        
,francis1 :o fa/$ rigor\sly1 a ,rule 9  
:i* ! p]fection ( ! evangelical life is 
conta9$4  ,"s hav+ read ! ,rule1 said to
 ,francis1 t x 0 necess>y t 8 ,ord] %\ld
 h some?+ 9 common1 z ! o!r religi\s    
ord]s _h2 see+ t ! numb] ( ! bre?r5 0   
already v great1 & t1 accord+ to all    
appe>ance1 ! ,ord] w\ld be s ext5d$2 t x
 w\ld n be possible to exi/ 9 s re/rict$
 a /ate ( pov]ty4 ,! ,sa9t return$ to ! 
place he _h left1 & hav+ _h rec\rse to  
pray]1 he consult$ ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! true 
,legislator1 :o gave ! foll[+ reply3 ,x 
is ,i :o am _! portion & _! inh]itance1 
,i d n *oose t !y %\ld be encumb]$ ) !  
?+s ( ?is _w4 ,provid$ !y adh]e /rictly 

to ! ,rule1 & t !y place _! confid5ce 9 
me1 ,i w take c>e ( !m2 ,i w n suff] !m 
to /& 9 ne$ ( any?+ necess>y to life2 ! 
m _! numb]s increase1 ! m w ,i manife/  
my provid5ce to !m4  ,we mu/ "h r5d] to 
t adorable & lov+ ,provid5ce ! ju/ice   
due to x4 ,x has nev] be5 want+ to !    
,ord] ( ,/4 ,francis1 & !y h nev] _h    
great] pro(s ( ,8 c>e ?an :5 !y h *os5  
to live mo/ poorly4 ,we see v]ifi$ to ! 
lett]1 9 ^! poor evangelical bre?r51 !  
imitators ( ,jesus ,*ri/ crucifi$1 :at  
is said 9 ! tw5ty-fir/ psalm1 9 :i* !   
,son ( ,god has cle>ly =etold ,8        
,passion3 ,! poor %all eat & %all be    
fill$1 & !y %all praise ! ,"l t seek    
,him1 _! he>ts %all live =ev] & ev]4 ,7 
,he n[ to ask ! ,religi\s ( ,/4         
,francis1 z ,he ask$ ! ,apo/les3 ,:5 ,i 
s5t y )\t purse1 or scrip1 & %oes1 did y
 want = any?+8 ,!re is n "o :o w\ld n   
answ] z !y did3 ,no1 we h n want$ =     
any?+4 ,= a poor evangelical bro!r is   
b\nd to consid] himself z n want+ any?+ 
:ile he lives1 & to look ^u hav+ no?+ b 

:at is necess>y z ! treasure ( 8 /ate ( 
life4  ,a religi\s ord] :i*1 )\t any    
rev5ue1 ma9ta9s _m ?\s& m51 0 a subject 
( admiration = an infidel pr9ce1 & !    
,f\nd] 0 consid]$ by him z a v great    
man4 ,he 0 n aw>e ( ! cause ( ?is       
wond]ful effect1 b religion tea*es u t x
 is ,god himself :o provides = ! wants (
 ,8 s]vants1 by ! *>ity ) :i* ,he       
inspires ! fai?ful4  ,francis           
communicat$ to ! m9i/]s :at our ,"l _h  
said to him4 ,!y submitt$ to ev]y?+1 &  
return$ ) him to ,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels1  
:]e ! ,rule 0 approv$ by ! bre?r5 :o 7  
!re1 & 0 !n s5t into ! prov9ces to be   
exam9$ be=e x 0 submitt$ = confirmation4
  ,speak+ ( ! ,rule1 he said to 8       
*ildr53 ,i h n put any?+ into x ( my    
own2 ,i caus$ x all to be writt5 z ,god 
reveal$ x to me2 & he adduc$ ?is motive 
to incite !m ! bett] to keep x4 ,he     
confirm$ ! revelation 9 8 w1 9 ! foll[+ 
t]ms3 ,:5 ! ,"l confid$ to me ! guidance
 ( ! bre?r51 no "o communicat$ to me h[ 
,i 0 to behave t[>ds !m1 b ! ,almighty  

,himself reveal$ to me t ,i ought to    
live accord+ to ! =m prescrib$ by !     
,gospel2 ,i caus$ x to be writt5 out 9  
few & simple words1 etc4  ,?is is !     
eulogium he pass$ on x3 ,my bre?r5 & my 
de> *ildr51 a v great favor 0 done to u 
9 giv+ u ?is ,rule2 = x is ! book (     
life1 ! hope ( salvation1 ! pl$ge (     
glory1 ! m>r[ ( ! ,gospel1 ! way ( !    
cross1 a /ate ( p]fection1 ! key (      
,p>adise1 & ! bond ( our et]nal         
alliance4 ,none ( y is ignorant h[      
greatly advantage\s to u holy religion  
is4 ,z ! enemy :o fights aga9/ u is     
extremely clev] 9 inv5t+ & execut+      
ev]y?+ :i* is malici\s1 & /rews 9 our   
way all sorts ( sn>es to effect our     
p]dition1 !re are _m ^: salvation he    
w\ld h br\ght into great p]il1 if       
religion _h n be5 _! %ield4 ,/udy1      
!re=e1 y\r ,rule1 all ( y1 n only =     
alleviat+ y\r pa9s1 b 9 ord] t x may    
rem9d y ( ! oa? y h tak5 to keep x4 ,x  
is necess>y t y %\ld employ y\rselves 9 
m$itat+ on x1 t x may s9k into y\r      

he>ts1 & be always be=e y\r eyes1 s t y 
may obs]ve x ) exactness1 & hold x fa/  
at y\r dea?s4  ,/4 ,bridget be+ 9 pray] 
at ,j]usalem2 :]e %e 0 int]c$+ = a ,fri>
 ,m9or :o _h "s consci5ti\s scruples on 
! subject ( ! ,rule1 our ,savi\r caus$  
h] to he> ! foll[+ words3 ,! ,rule ( ,/4
 ,francis 0 n ! composition ( ! human   
m9d2 x is ,i :o made x2 x does n conta9 
a s+le ^w :i* 0 n inspir$ by my _s2 &   
?us ,francis gave x to ! o!rs4  ,pope   
,ni*olas ,,iii says1 t x be>s on ! face 
( x1 ! evid5ce ( ! ,tr9ity2 t x is      
desc5d$ f ! ,fa!r ( ,light1 t x 0 taught
 to ! apo/les by ! example1 & by !      
doctr9e ( ,8 ,son1 & t ! ,holy ,gho/    
inspir$ x to ! bless$ ,francis & to ^?  
:o _h foll[$ him4 ,he also decl>es1 z   
,gregory ,,ix _h done be=e1 t x is      
e/abli%$ on ! ^w ( ! ,gospel1 au?oriz$  
by ! life ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & support$ by 
! actions & words ( ! ,apo/les1 :o f\nd$
 ! ,*ur* ,militant4 ,x consi/s1 accord+ 
to ! rem>k ( ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 9 obs]v+ !
 ,holy ,gospel ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1  

because all its sub/ance is tak5 f !    
pure s\rce ( ! ,gospel4 ,x is1 !re=e1 no
 new rule2 x is only a r5ew$ rule2      
lit]ally ! same z :at ! ,son ( ,god laid
 d[n = ! ,apo/les1 :5 ,he s5t !m =? to  
prea*2 & t ought always give great      
spiritual consolation to ^? :o keep x4  
,?is holy doctor consid]s ! impressions 
( ! w\nds ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 :i* ,francis  
receiv$ f ! h& ( ! liv+ ,god1 "s "t aft]
 ! revelation ( ! ,rule1 z a bull (     
,jesus ,*ri/1 by :i* t ,high ,pontiff   
confirm$ x2 & ,pope ,ni*olas ,,iii 0 ( !
 same op9ion1 9 8 decrial4  ,f9ally1 !  
,rule ( ! ,fri>s ,m9or1 giv5 by ,/4     
,francis1 is :olly ,evangelical1 & :olly
 ,apo/olical2 !re nev] 0 "o :i* 0 s     
univ]sally & s promptly foll[$4 ,m5     
illu/ri\s by _! bir?1 by _! k1 by _!    
tal5ts1 by _! virtue1 embrac$ x & h     
foll[$ x1 dur+ a numb] ( c5turies1 9 all
 p>ts ( ! ,*ri/ian _w2 x has giv5 to !  
,*ur* a new family1 9 numb]s mo/        
ext5sive1 ^: fecundity does n become    
exhau/$1 & x has produc$ a great galaxy 

( sa9ts4  ,! *ildr5 ( ! ,patri>*1 hav+  
mo/ will+ly receiv$ x1 he left !m 9 !   
mon? ( ,octob]1 9 ord] to solicit !     
approval ( ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff4 ,:5 at 
,rome1 he 0 invit$ to d9e ) ,c>d9al     
,ugol9o1 ! ,protector ( ! ,ord]1 :o _h a
 s9c]e affection = him2 b he did n come 
to ! invitation1 until he _h begg$ "s   
pieces ( bread1 z he 0 accu/om$ to d1 :5
 he 0 to d9e ) p]sons ( rank4 ,be+ at   
table1 he drew ?is bread f 8 sleeve &   
began to eat ( x1 & he gave "s to ! o!r 
gue/s1 :o p>took ( x f devotion4 ,aft]  
d9n]1 ! c>d9al embrac$ him1 & said1     
smil+3 ,my good man1 :y1 z y 7 to d9e ) 
me1 did y put ! affront on me1 to g &   
beg bread fir/ & br+ x to my table8 ,my 
,"l1 repli$ ,francis1 f> f do+ any?+ to 
affront y1 ,i did y honor1 9 honor+1 at 
y\r bo>d1 a mu* great] ,"l ?an y are1 to
 :om pov]ty is v agreeable1 especially t
 :i* goes z f> z volunt>y m5dicancy1 = !
 love ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,i h resolv$ n to 
give up 9 favor ( false & pass+ ri*es1  
?is virtue :i* is ( royal dignity1 s9ce 

our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ became poor = u1 9 
ord] t1 by ,8 pov]ty1 we might become   
ri* & heirs to ! k+dom ( heav54  ,an    
admirable reply1 :i* is q 9 unison ) :at
 0 said by ,/4 ,gregory ,nazianz54 ,if  
,i am reproa*$ = my pov]ty1 ,i am sure t
 x is my treasure2 & ) ^! words ( ,/4   
,ambrose1 on ! bir? ( ,*ri/3 ,8 pov]ty  
is my patrimony2 ,he *ose to want =     
ev]y?+1 9 ord] t all o!rs might be 9    
abundance4  ,! c>d9al pres5t$ ,francis  
to ! ,pope1 t he might solicit !        
confirmation ( 8 ,rule4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r  
read x1 &1 f9d+ x too sev]e1 he desir$  
"s *anges might be made 9 x2 b1 ! man ( 
,god prote/+ by ev]y?+ t 0 mo/ sacr$1 t 
he _h n put a s+le ^w into x1 & t ,jesus
 ,*ri/ _h dictat$ x1 z x !re /ood1 !    
,pontiff1 aft] discuss+ x ) ! c>d9als1  
confirm$ x4 ,8 bull comm5ces ?us3       
,honorius1 bi%op1 ! s]vant ( ! s]vants (
 ,god4 ,to our de>ly belov$ sons1 ,bro!r
 ,francis1 & o!r bre?r5 ( ! ,ord] (     
,fri>s ,m9or1 heal? & apo/olical        
b5$iction4 ,! ,apo/olic ,see is accu/om$

 to ass5t to pi\s int5tions & to favor !
 laudable wi%es ( ^? :o solicit h]      
favors4 ,= :i* reason1 our de> *ildr5 9 
,jesus ,*ri/1 we confirm by apo/olical  
au?ority1 & we /r5g!n by ?is pres5t     
writ+1 ! ,rule ( y\r ,ord]1 :i* 0       
approv$ by ,pope ,innoc5t1 ( glori\s    
memory1 our pr$ecessor1 express$ 9 ^!   
t]ms1 etc4  ,aft] hav+ gone ?r\gh x all1
 he concludes z foll[s3 ,let no p]son1  
!re=e1 h ! tem]ity to violate ! cont5ts 
( our pres5t confirmation1 or to        
contrav5e x4 ,%\ld any "o d>e to d s1   
let him "k t he w incur ! indignation ( 
,almighty ,god1 & t ( ,8 bless$         
,apo/les1 ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul4 ,giv5 9
 ! ,lat]an palace1 ! tw5ty-n9? day (    
,novemb]1 #abbc1 ! eigh? ( our          
pontificate4  ,! orig9al ( ?is bull1 )  
its lead5 seal1 is pres]v$ z ,assisi1 9 
! ,conv5t ( ,/4 ,francis1 :]e ,wad+ saw 
x1 9 #afai1 ) a copy ( ! ,rule writt5 by
 ,/4 ,francis' own h&4  ,:ile ,francis 0
 /ill at ,rome1 he propos$ to himself to
 celebrate ! ,fe/ival ( ! ,nativity (   

our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ at ,grecio1 ) all !
 solemnity possible1 9 ord] to awak5 !  
devotion ( all 9 t vic9ity4 ,he wrote a 
lett] on ! subject to 8 fri5d1 ,john    
,velita1 begg+ him to prep>e all ?+s2 & 
9 ord] t !re %\ld be no room = c5sur+   
:at he 0 ab\t to d1 he spoke to ! ,pope 
ab\t x1 :o approv$ highly ( ?is pi\s    
c]emony1 & grant$ indulg5ces to ^? :o   
%\ld assi/ at x4  ,/4 ,bonav5ture in=ms 
u t1 be=e 8 dep>ture f ,rome1 he w5t to 
pay 8 respects to ,c>d9al ,leo          
,brancaleone1 titul> ( ,santa ,croce1 ) 
:om 8 fri5d%ip began 9 #abaj1 :5 he fir/
 came to h 8 ,rule approv$4 ,?is c>d9al 
invit$ him to /ay "s days 9 8 palace1   
because ! sev]ity ( ! wea!r & ! floods  
might imp$e 8 j\rney2 x 0 ! mon? (      
,decemb]4 ,he reta9$1 to rema9 ) him1 ) 
,francis' leave1 ,bro!r ,angelo         
,tancr$i1 ^: miracul\s conv]sion we h   
relat$2 at t "t1 !re 7 b few ( ! c>d9als
 :o did n wi% to h "s ( ! ,fri>s ,m9or 9
 _! company2 su* 0 ! v5]ation !y _h = _!
 virtue at ! ,roman c\rt4 ,francis1     

h[ev]1 f\nd excuses = n sp5d+ m ?an two 
or ?ree days 9 ! palace ( ,brancaleone1 
say+ t x 0 n fitt+ = ! poor to dwell 9 !
 palaces ( pr9ces4 ,! c>d9al told him t 
he w\ld receive him z a paup]1 & give   
him a b$1 n 9 8 palace1 b 9 an adjac5t  
t[] ne> ! city walls q out ( ! way ( any
 noise1 :]e he might repose f 8 fatigue 
= "s "t4 ,tancr$i entreat$ him n to     
refuse ?is satisfaction to a pr9ce ( !  
,*ur*1 :o 0 a p]son ( great piety1 & a  
g5]\s b5efactor to ! ,ord]2 !re=e1 out (
 respect1 & f gratitude1 he cons5t$ to  
/ay1 & ) 8 companion took up 8 abode 9 !
 t[]4  ,! foll[+ night1 :5 he 0 ab\t to 
take "s repose1 ! devils came & beat him
 s long1 & s viol5tly1 t !y left him    
half- dead4 ,he call$ 8 companion1 &    
told him :at _h happ5$1 & he add$3      
,bro!r1 ,i believe t ! devils1 :o c d   
no?+ )\t ! leave ( ! ,almighty1 h       
ill-us$ me to ?is degree1 because ( my  
hav+ rema9$ ) great p1 "h2 if s1 x      
augurs no good4 ,my bre?r5 :o dwell 9 v 
poor h\ses1 kn[+ t ,i am ! gue/ (       

c>d9als1 might suspect t ,i ent] will+ly
 into ! conc]ns ( ! _w1 t ,i glory 9    
honors1 & t ,i am liv+ da9tily4 ,i !re=e
 ?9k t a man :o is to be an example to  
o!rs1 %\ld leave ! c\rt1 & dwell humbly 
) ! humble1 9 places adapt$ to !        
pr(ession ( humility1 9 ord] t he may   
inspire ^? ) =titude1 :o suff] !        
inconv5i5ces ( a life ( pov]ty1 by      
suff]+ ) !m4 ,9 ! morn+1 he took leave (
 ! c>d9al1 & set out = ,grecio4  ,x is  
necess>y "h to rem>k t ,/4 ,francis1 :o 
p]mitt$ "s ( 8 bre?r5 to rema9 ) !      
c>d9als1 did n ?9k t he himself1 :o 0 ! 
sup]ior1 ought to sp5d a s+le night 9 _!
 palaces1 le/ o!rs %\ld be dis$ifi$     
!reby1 & t x 0 8 duty to give good      
example to all4 ,?is %[s h[ mu* p]sons 9
 p[] %\ld /rive n to d any?+ calculat$  
to give bad examples1 & to ab/a9 f c]ta9
 ?+s :i*1 ?\gh irrepreh5sible 9         
!mselves1 & :i* w\ld n be notic$ 9 a    
l[ly individual1 might be a cause (     
sc&al 9 "o ( high /ation1 :o ought to be
 a model ( virtue4 ,on ?is pr9ciple1 ,/4

 ,paul said to ! ,*ri/ians3 ,all ?+s are
 lawful = me1 b all ?+s are n exp$i5t4  
,all ?+s are lawful = me1 b all ?+s d n 
edify4 ,i d all = y\r edification4 ,he  
recomm5d$ 8 disciples1 ,timo?y & ,titus1
 :om he _h orda9$ bi%ops1 to be an      
example to ! fai?ful1 9 ^w1 9           
conv]sation1 9 *>ity1 9 fai?1 9 *a/ity1 
9 ! practice ( good works4 ,/4 ,gregory1
 ,/4 ,b]n>d1 & all ! ,holy ,fa!rs h     
always requir$ ( prelates1 z a prim>y   
qualification1 t !y %\ld greatly edify2 
:i* is ! m necess>y 9 ! sup]iors (      
religi\s communities1 z _! example is "u
 m imm$iate obs]vation4  ,! bad heal? ( 
,francis1 ! beat+ :i* he _h receiv$ f ! 
devils1 & a con/ant fall ( ra91 compell$
 him to ride on an ass4 ,dur+ 8 j\rney  
he dism\nt$ to say ! ,div9e ,(fice1 /&+2
 he rema9$ on ! same spot )\t pay+      
att5tion to ! ra91 & did n m\nt till he 
_h q f9i%$4  ,hav+ rea*$ ,grecio1 he    
f\nd all ?+s prep>$ = ! celebration ( ! 
fe/ival by 8 fri5d ,velita4 ,!y _h      
prep>$ a crib 9 ! wood1 9 :i* 0         

repres5t$ ! ,nativity ( our ,savi\r2 !y 
_h plac$ /raw !re1 &1 dur+              
,*ri/mas-night1 also took !re an ox & an
 ass4 ,_m ,fri>s ,m9or _h arriv$ at !   
wood f ! neighbor+ conv5ts1 & ! p ( !   
environs came 9 cr[ds to ! c]emony4 ,!  
wood 0 lit up by num]\s tor*es1 &       
res\nd$ melodi\sly f ! s\nd ( a ?\s&    
voices :i* sang ! praises ( ,god )      
untir+ zeal4 ,francis1 full ( devotion1 
& ) 8 eyes ba!d 9 te>s ( holy joy1 knelt
 be=e ! mang]1 above :i* an alt> _h be5 
plac$1 :]e mass 0 celebrat$ at midnight2
 he act$ z deacon1 & aft] hav+ sung !   
,gospel1 he prea*$ on ! bir? ( ! newborn
 ,k+1 became poor4  ,velita1 :o _h      
prep>$ ! c]emonial1 assur$ !m t he _h   
se5 a mo/ beautiful *ild 9 ! mang]1 :o 0
 asleep1 & :om ,francis t5d]ly embrac$ 9
 ord] to awak5 x4 ,!re is s mu* ! m     
reason = giv+ cr$it to ?is m>vel1 says  
,/4 ,bonav5ture1 s9ce he :o relates x1  
hav+ be5 an eye-witness !re(1 0 a v holy
 man1 & s9ce x 0 confirm$ by _m         
miracles2 = ! /raw on :i* ! *ild appe>$ 

to be sleep+1 _h ! virtue ( cur+ v>i\s  
maladies among/ cattle2 &1 :at is /ill m
 wond]ful1 ^? :o came to visit ! spot1  
h[ev] tepid & indev\t !y may h be51 7   
inflam$ ) ! love ( ,god4 ,aft] ! dea? ( 
! ,sa9t1 a *apel 0 erect$ on ! spot1 & !
 alt> 0 plac$ at ! mang]1 9 ord] t !    
fle% ( ! man-,cod immolat$ on ! cross1  
might be eat5 on ! spot on :i* ,he _h   
*os5 to appe> z a sleep+ infant4  ,aft] 
! c]emony1 ,francis retir$ to ! conv5t (
 ,grecio1 :]e "s ( ! prov9cial m9i/]s _h
 collect$1 :o _h come ?i!r to           
communicate to him ! affairs ( _!       
respective prov9ces4 ,! refectory _h be5
 set out 9 a bett] /yle ?an usual1 )    
napk9s & glasses1 n only on acc\nt ( !  
solemnity ( ! day1 b to %[ respect to ! 
gue/s4 ,francis 0 displeas$ at ?is1 &1  
dur+ d9n]1 he w5t to ! door ( ! conv5t1 
& took ! hat & /aff ( a pilgrim :o 0    
solicit+ alms1 & !n1 9 ?is g>b1 came to 
! refectory to beg z a poor pilgrim4 ,! 
sup]ior1 :o knew him by 8 voice1 said to
 him1 smil+3 ,bro!r pilgrim1 !re are "h 

v _m religi\s1 :o /& 9 great ne$ ( :at  
has be5 be/[$ ^u !m out ( *>ity2 h[ev]1 
come 91 & !y w give y :at !y c4 ,francis
 came 9 & sat himself on ! gr\nd1 :]e he
 ate v cont5t$ly "s scraps ( bread & o!r
 ?+s :i* !y gave him on a platt]1 )\t   
*oos+ to h any?+ else4  ,francis rema9$ 
"s "t at ,grecio1 :]e1 "o night1 :5 he  
int5d$ to lay himself d[n to sleep1 he  
felt a sev]e heada*e1 & a %iv]+ ov] 8   
:ole body1 :i* q imp$$ 8 re/+4 ,?9k+ t  
?is might be caus$ by a fea!r pill[ :i* 
8 fri5d ,velita _h compell$ him to      
accept1 9 consequ5ce ( 8 infirmities1 he
 call$ 8 companion1 :o 0 ne> 8 cell1 &  
said3 ,take away ?is pill[3 ,i believe !
 devil is 9 x4 ,8 companion1 :o took x  
away1 f\nd x extremely heavy1 & he _h   
h>dly left ! cell1 :5 he f\nd himself   
motionless & dumb4 ,! ,fa!r1 n d\bt+ ( !
 malignity ( ! devil1 ord]$ ! bro!r1 "u 
ob$i5ce1 to come back directly2 ! wick$ 
_s hav+ imm$iately left him1 he came    
back & relat$ ! /ate 9 :i* he _h f\nd   
himself4 ,! ,sa9t1 confirm$ by ?is 9 !  

idea ) :i* he _h be5 impress$1 t :at he 
_h suff]$ _h be5 br\ght on by 8 enemy1  
said3--,x is true t ye/]day1 :5 recit+  
,compl9e1 ,i p]ceiv$ t ! devil 0        
approa*+1 & ,i prep>$ to resi/ him4 ,he 
is full ( malice & artfulness2 z he c\ld
 n sully a s\l :i* ,god protects by ,8  
grace1 he endeavor$ to injure ! body1 & 
to prev5t ! necess>y aid be+ af=d$ to x2
 desir+ to induce x to commit "s fault1 
at lea/ ( impati5ce1 & prev5t its hav+  
rec\rse to pray]4 ,! holy man 0 deliv]$ 
f 8 suff]+s1 & got ! re/ he c\ld n      
obta91 :5 8 head 0 laid ^u a fea!r      
pill[4 ,to :at a height ( p]fection did 
n ,god propose to raise ?is ,8 fai?ful  
,s]vant8 ,he did n ev5 all[ him to h a  
small relief f 8 suff]+s4 ,he is a holy 
,god1 jeal\s ( ! sanctity ( s\ls1 :o    
desires to h !m purifi$ by all sorts (  
sacrifices2 b1 !n1 ,8 rew>ds are great4 
,:il/ ,francis 0 at ,grecio & 9 its     
environs1 ,pet] ( ,catania1 8 fir/      
vic>-g5]al1 di$ 9 ! ,conv5t ( ,/4 ,m>y (
 ! ,angels1 on ! #b;d day ( ,m>*1 #abbd4

 ,z soon z he 0 9 ! tomb1 ,god bore     
witness to 8 m]it by _m miracles4 ,! p  
cr[d$ to 8 grave1 & left valuable (f]+s1
 :i* greatly di/urb$ ! quiet ( !        
religi\s1 & caus$ !m mu* uneas9ess on   
acc\nt ( _! /rict pov]ty4 ,francis1 hav+
 be5 in=m$ ( x1 w5t to ! tomb1 &1 mov$  
by holy zeal1 he address$ ! dead man 9 a
 comm&+ tone1 ) :i* ,god alone c\ld h   
inspir$ him3 ,bro!r ,pet]1 :il/ y 7     
liv+1 y always obey$ me punctually3 ,i  
comm& y to obey me simil>ly n[4 ,^? :o  
come to y\r grave are v tr\blesome to u4
 ,our pov]ty is (f5d$1 & our quiet      
infr+$ on1 s t our discipl9e becomes    
relax$2 ?us1 ,i comm& y1 by y\r v[ (    
ob$i5ce1 to refra9 f p]=m+ any m        
miracles4 ,8 ord] 0 obey$4 ,f t mom5t no
 m miracles 7 p]=m$ at ! tomb ( ,bro!r  
,pet]4  ,an anci5t manuscript *ronicle  
:i* is pres]v$ 9 ! ,vatican1 m5tions t  
,francis1 hav+ direct$ ! body ( ,bro!r  
,pet] to be remov$ sometime aft]w>ds1 x 
0 f\nd t x 0 turn$ & kneel+1 ! head b[$ 
d[n1 & 9 ! po/ure ( "o :o obeys a comm& 

giv5 him4 ,to m>k ! value ( ob$i5ce & ! 
respect due to x1 ,god 0 pleas$ to p]mit
 a dead p]son to obey ! ord]s ( a       
sup]ior1 z if he _h be5 liv+4  ,a simil>
 prohibition f p]=m+ miracles aft] dea?1
 is record$ 9 ! life ( ,/4 ,b]n>d4      
,gosv91 ,abbot ( ,citeaux1 :o 0 at 8    
fun]al ) _m o!r abbots ( 8 ord]1 see+ ! 
commotion caus$ by ! num]\s miracles :i*
 7 work$ !re1 & fe>+ ?is w\ld become    
prejudicial to regul> discipl9e1        
approa*$ respectfully to ! c(f91 & =bade
 ! sa9t f p]=m+ any m miracles1 9 virtue
 ( 8 ob$i5ce4 ,&1 9 fact1 f t "t1 !re 7 
no m p]=m$ at t %r9e publicly1 al?\gh   
,god p]=m$ o!rs privately by 8          
invocation4 ,! au?or adds1 t ,/4 ,b5$ict
 requires 9 8 rule1 an ob$i5ce )\t      
res]ve1 accord+ to ! example ( ,jesus   
,*ri/1 :o 0 ob$i5t unto dea?1 & t ! s\l 
( ,/4 ,b]n>d r5d]$ itself ob$i5t ev5    
aft] dea? to a mortal man4  ,cl>e1 & h] 
daught]s ( ! ,mona/]y ( ,/4 ,damian1 n[ 
ask$ ,francis to give !m a writt5 rule1 
& a =m ( life simil> to t ( ! ,fri>s    

,m9or1 9 ord] t1 9 8 abs5ce & aft] 8    
dea?1 !y & ^? :o %\ld succe$ !m1 might  
live up to x4 ,^! ,religi\s ( ,/4       
,damian1 did n wi% to receive ! rule (  
,/4 ,b5$ict1 nor ! con/itutions prep>$  
by ,c>d9al ,ugol9o1 :i* ! o!r mona/]ies1
 e/abli%$ on ! plan ( ,/4 ,damian1 _h   
will+ly accept$1 & :i* 7 ( great        
sev]ity3 ^! nuns desir$ to h a rule :i* 
%\ld be ( ev5 great] rigor4  ,! holy    
,patri>* consult$ ! same c>d9al on ?is  
subject1 he be+ ! protector ( bo?       
,ord]s2 & !y jo9tly compos$ a rule 9    
twelve *apt]s1 :i* 0 simil> 9 all       
respects to t ( ! ,fri>s ,m9or1 )       
modifications & usages prop] = females4 
,if any?+ made ,francis hesitate1 !     
c>d9al gave 8 op9ion ei!r to modify     
c]ta9 p>ts1 or to take precautions on   
o!rs4 ,he also us$ "s articles f !      
con/itutions :i* _h be=e be5 drawn up4  
,:ile he 0 writ+1 he c\ld n help %$d+   
te>s1 9 reflect+ t "y females 7 will+ to
 practise au/]ities ( su* a nature4  ,/4
 ,cl>e says 9 h] w1 address+ h]self to !

 si/]s3 ,our bless$ ,fa!r1 ,/4 ,francis1
 has writt5 = u a =m ( life1 pr9cipally 
t we may ev] p]sev]e 9 ! practice ( holy
 pov]ty1 to :i* he has exhort$ u1 n only
 by 8 ^w & example1 b by _m writ+s :i*  
he has left u4 ,pope ,innoc5t ,,iv      
expressly decl>es 9 ! bull :i* he issu$ 
at ! e>ne/ entreaty ( ,/4 ,cl>e1 ?ree   
days be=e h] dea?1 t ! rule :i* he      
confirms 0 giv5 !m by ,/4 ,francis4 ,all
 is 81 except "s v trifl+ ?+s1 9 no way 
ess5tial1 :i* seem to h be5 add$ to x by
 ,c>d9al ,ugol9o1 by ,/4 ,cl>e1 & by !  
,pope4  ,x 0 9 ! ye>1 #abbd1 t !        
m>vell\s app>ition record$ by ,wad+ 0   
se51 :i* is not$ z foll[s 9 ! leg5d (   
,/4 ,bonav5ture3  ,al?\gh ,francis c\ld 
n att5d ! prov9cial *apt]s1 ! ord] :i*  
he _h laid d[n = ^! assemblies1 ! f]v5t 
pray]s :i* he put up = _! success1 & !  
influ5ce ( ! bless+ :i* he gave !m1 7 z 
if he 7 pres5t at !m4 ,sometimes ev51   
,god1 by ,8 almighty p[]1 caus$ him to  
appe> among !m 9 a s5sible mann]1 z x   
happ5$ at ! *apt] at ,arles4 ,:ile t    

excell5t prea*] ,an?ony 0 disc\rs+ to ! 
bre?r5 on ! ,passion ( ! ,son ( ,god1 & 
on ! inscription on ,8 cross1 ',,jesus  
,,( ,,naz>e?1 ,,k+ ,,( ,,! ,,jews1' "o (
 ! religi\s1 nam$ ,monald1 a man (      
exempl>y virtue1 mov$ by ! ,_s ( ,god to
 look t[>ds ! door ( ! *apt]h\se1 saw ! 
bless$ ,francis1 rais$ into ! air ) 8   
arms ext5d$ z a cross1 giv+ 8 bless+ to 
! assembly4 ,!y !n became fill$ ) great 
spiritual consolation1 :i* 0 an int]ior 
te/imonial assur+ !m ( ! pres5ce ( _!   
,fa!r1 & confirm+ :at ,monald _h se54   
,?is became m c]ta91 aft]w>ds1 by !     
av[al :i* ,francis made respect+ x4  ,we
 %\ld h no difficulty 9 believ+ ?is1    
cont9ues ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 = ,god1 by ,8 
almighty p[]1 r5d]$ ! holy ,bi%op ,/4   
,ambrose1 dur+ a my/]i\s sleep1 pres5t  
at ! fun]al obsequies ( ,/4 ,m>t92 9 a  
simil> mann] x 0 ,8 pleasure t ! tru?s  
ann\nc$ by ,8 prea*] ,an?ony1 on !      
subject ( ! ,cross ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 %\ld 
receive great] weight by ! pres5ce ( ,8 
,s]vant ,francis1 :o c>ri$ ! cross ) su*

 exempl>y c\rage1 & prea*$ x ) su* zeal4
  ,hav+ giv5 a rule to ! si/]s ( ,/4    
,damian1 & transact$ all t relat$ to !  
?ree ord]s1 ,francis recomm5d$ /rongly  
to ,bro!r ,elias1 to att5d c>efully1 &  
to see t ev]y?+ 0 c>ri$ into effect1 &  
!n ?\ght x necess>y to take "s "t to    
att5d to 8 own int]ior4 ,= x 0 8 cu/om  
to g f "o good "w to ano!r1 9 :i* he    
imitat$1 ,/4 ,bonav5ture says1 ! angels 
:om ,jacob saw 9 8 dream1 go+ up & d[n !
 my/]i\s ladd]1 ! feet ( :i* re/$ on !  
e>?1 b its summit rea*$ ! heav5s4 ,?is  
angelic man s employ$ ! "t :i* 0 giv5   
him1 9 :i* to amass treasures ( m]it1 t 
he 0 con/antly occupi$ ei!r 9 desc5d+ to
 8 neighbor by ! labori\s m9i/ries (    
*>ity1 or 9 elevat+ himself to ,god 9 ! 
quiet ex]cise ( contemplation4 ,:5      
circum/ances _h compell$ him to give m  
"t to ! s]vice ( s\ls1 he aft]w>ds      
retir$ to "s lonely & noiseless place1  
to remove f himself1 by giv+ 8 ?\ghts   
solely to ,god1 all ! fil? :i* might h  
atta*$ itself to him 9 8 int]c\rse ) m54

 ,our ,"l (t5 gave ,8 apo/les examples (
 retreats1 & !y _c be too (t5 recomm5d$ 
to ^? :o labor = ! salvation ( _!       
neighbors4  ,francis1 !re=e1 w5t ) "s ( 
8 bre?r5 to m$itate 9 ! conv5t (        
,celles1 ne> ,cortona4 ,he met on ! road
 a lady ( good family1 :o 0 v pi\s & 9  
great affliction1 hav+ a husb& :o us$ h]
 cruelly1 & prev5t$ h] f s]v+ ,god4 ,%e 
told him t %e 0 come to pray to ,god = !
 conv]sion ( h] husb&1 & he made h] ?is 
answ]3 ,g 9 peace2 & re/ assur$ t y\r   
husb& w soon af=d y consolation2 only   
tell him f ,god & f me1 t n[ is ! "t (  
m]cy1 & t aft]w>ds w be ! "t ( ju/ice4  
,! lady receiv$ ! ,fa!r's bless+1 & said
 :at %e _h j le>n$ to h] husb&4 ,! ,holy
 ,gho/ desc5d$ at ! same mom5t on ?is   
man1 & he became s *ang$1 t he said to 8
 wife 9 a mild tone ( voice1 ,madam1 let
 u s]ve ,god & "w out our salvation4 ,he
 pass$ ?us _m ye>s ) h] 9 cont95ce1 )   
:i* %e _h inspir$ him1 & !y di$ mo/     
holily on ! same day4  ,we saw 9 ! fir/ 
two ,t]ti>ies1 a wife sanctifi$ by h]   

husb&4 ,?is is precisely :at ,/4 ,paul  
says3 ,! "o may contribute to !         
sanctification ( ! o!r4 ,9 fact1 ,/4    
,*ryso/om ?9ks t a virtu\s woman :o is  
mild & prud5t1 is m likely to br+ back a
 pr(ligate husb& to ! s]vice ( ,god1 ?an
 any o!r p]son2 & t ! solid piety ( a   
husb&1 ) good mann]s & discreet         
firmness1 may s(t5 ! asp]ity ( an       
ill-temp]$ woman1 or at lea/ r5d] h]    
less fracti\s4  ,all t ,francis did at  
,celles1 0 to give himself up to        
contemplation2 &1 9 ord] t ! place      
itself %\ld be favorable to m$itation1  
he resolv$1 aft] hav+ be5 !re a %ort "t1
 to retire to ! des]t ( ,m\nt ,alv]nia2 
x 0 ! ,holy ,gho/ :o inspir$ him ) !    
desire to g ?i!r1 :]e he 0 to receive ! 
glori\s privilege ( ! /igmata4 ,z he    
pass$ ?r\gh ! c\ntry ( ,arezzo1 8 great 
infirmities compell$ him to ask = an ass
 to cont9ue 8 j\rney4 ,!re 0 n "o 9 !   
village1 b a p]son (f]$ him a horse1 :i*
 he 0 "u ! necessity ( accept+3 x 0 !   
only "t t he _h be5 on horseback s9ce 8 

conv]sion2 =1 :5ev] he _h be5 =c$ to    
ride1 he took ! mo/ despicable animal1 9
 ord] to set an example to 8 bre?r54 ,9 
! village to :i* ! horse 0 s5t back1 !re
 0 a woman :o1 = sev]al days1 0 suff]+  
cruelly f labor-pa9s1 )\t be+ able to be
 deliv]$1 s t no human hope rema9$ (    
sav+ h] life4 ,! p ( ! place1 see+ !    
horse br\ght back :i* _h c>ri$ ! ,sa9t1 
took ! bridle & plac$ x on ! woman's b$1
 9 full confid5ce t he :o _h _h ! use ( 
x1 w\ld come to h] aid2 &1 9 fact1 %e 0 
imm$iately1 mo/ =tunately1 deliv]$4 ,?is
 fact is "o ( ^? relat$ by ,/4          
,bonav5ture4  ,on ,m\nt ,alv]nia        
,francis reap$ extraord9>y consolations 
9 m$itation2 he 0 fill$ ) ard5t desires 
( heav51 &1 at ! same "t1 he felt t !   
cele/ial gifts 7 communicat$ to him 9   
great] abundance4 ,^! int]ior feel+s :i*
 ?rew 8 s\l into ec/asies1 rais$ 8 body 
into ! air to great] or less height1 9  
proportion to _! degree1 z if an extreme
 disgu/ = e ?+ t 0 connect$ ) ! e>?1    
gave him a /imulus to raise himself to 8

 cele/ial home4  ,bro!r ,leo1 8 secret>y
 & 8 confessor1 atte/s to h se5 him     
rais$ sometimes to ! height ( a man1 s t
 "o c\ld t\* 8 feet1 sometimes1 above ! 
talle/ bee*-trees1 & sometimes s high1 t
 he 0 elevat$ out ( sight4 ,:5 he 0 n   
rais$ high] ?an ! height ( a man1 ,leo  
kiss$ 8 feet & wat]$ !m ) 8 te>s1 ) t5d]
 devotion1 say+ ! foll[+ pray]3 ,my     
,god1 be m]ciful to me1 a s9n] su* z ,i 
am1 by ! m]its ( ?is holy man1 & deign  
to communicate to me "s small portion ( 
,?y grace4 ,:5 he lo/ sight ( him1 he   
pro/rat$ himself & pray$1 on ! spot on  
:i* he _h se5 him elevate himself4  ,/4 
,?omas & _m o!rs believ$ t ,/4 ,paul 9 8
 rapture may h be5 elevat$ 9 body & s\l 
into ! ?ird heav51 t is1 into !         
,empyrean1 into ,p>adise1 into ! place  
:]e ! angels & ! bless$ are2 & we mu/ n 
call ?is 9 "q1 s9ce ! apo/le himself    
says1 t he does n "k :e!r he 0 rais$ up 
9 ! body or out ( ! body4 ,/4 ,!resa1 ^:
 works are publi%$ by au?ority1 says t  
%e _h sometimes raptures 9 :i* %e 0     

rais$ f ! gr\nd by a sup]natural p[]1   
:atev] resi/ance %e might make2 t o!rs  
saw h] 9 ?is /ate1 & %e saw h]self 9 x4 
,we may !re=e believe t ,god rais$ !    
body ( ,8 ,s]vant ,francis1 :ile 8 s\l 0
 9 raptures by int]ior op]ations2 m     
p>ticul>ly1 z ! fact is atte/$ by s     
tru/wor?y a witness z ,leo1 :o c]tifies 
hav+ se5 x ) 8 own eyes4 ,god1 says ,/4 
,!resa1 grants extraord9>y favors to a  
s\l1 to deta* x entirely f ev]y?+ t is  
e>?ly1 by ! body itself1 s t life       
becomes bur!nsome to x1 & t x suff]s a  
sort ( torm5t br\ght on by a viol5t     
desire ( possess+ ,god1 :i* is a        
m>tyrdom bo? agreeable1 &1 at ! same "t1
 pa9ful2 b we mu/ be "u ! conviction1 t 
) ord9>y grace1 :i* ,god increases 9    
proportion to fai?fulness1 we may atta9 
to an entire dis5gagem5t f worldly      
affairs1 & to t long+ = heav5 :i*1 z    
,*ri/ians1 we are oblig$ to feel4  ,"o  
day1 :5 ,francis 0 re/or$ f "o ( !      
ec/asies :i* _h rais$ him f ! gr\nd1    
,jesus ,*ri/ appe>$ seat$ at a l[ /one  

table1 :]e ! ,sa9t 0 9 ! habit ( tak+ 8 
meals1 & speak+ to him ) ! famili>ity ( 
a fri5d1 z to ! protection :i* ,he      
propos$ to give to ! ,ord]1 aft] 8 dea?1
 ,he made kn[n to him ! foll[+ po9ts3   
fir/1 t ! ,ord] w\ld la/ to ! end ( !   
_w2 secondly1 t ^? :o %\ld p]secute !   
,ord]1 w\ld n be long-liv$1 unless !y   
became conv]t$2 ! ?ird & f\r? po9ts1    
relat$ to favors :i* our ,savi\r promis$
 n only to ! ,fri>s ,m9or1 b to ^? :o 7 
s9c]ely atta*$ to !m4  ,:5 our ,"l _h   
disappe>$ f ! table1 ,bro!r ,leo1 n kn[+
 :at _h happ5$1 0 ab\t to prep>e x1 z   
usual1 = _! meal1 b ,francis /opp$ him1 
say+3 ,x mu/ be wa%$ ) wat]1 ) w9e1 )   
milk1 ) oil1 & ) balm1 = ,jesus ,*ri/   
has condesc5d$ to sit on x1 & to make   
kn[n to me f !nce :at w be communicat$  
to y h]eaft]4 ,z ,bro!r ,leo _h n !     
articles he requir$1 he only took oil1 z
 ,jacob _h done1 to consecrate ?is table
 to ! ,"l1 &1 hav+ p\r$ oil on x1 he    
pron\nc$ ^! words3 ,?is is ! alt> (     
,god4 ,he !n told 8 companion ! f\r     

favors :i* _h be5 promis$ & add$ t !re 0
 a fif? :i* he %\ld n repeat3 x 0 ?\ght 
t x 0 out ( humility2 =1 aft] 8 dea?1 x 
0 reveal$ to ,bro!r ,leo1 t x consi/$ 9 
t ,god1 9 consequ5ce ( ! m]its ( !      
,sa9t1 _h def]r$ puni%+ ! c\ntry by     
fam9e1 to give s9n]s "t to be conv]t$2  
&1 z !y did n avail !mselves ( x1 aft] 8
 dea?1 ?is sc\rge fell on ! l&1 & 0     
foll[$ by a great mortality4  ,t[>ds !  
,fea/ ( ! ,assumption ( ! ,bless$       
,virg91 he retir$ into ! mo/ secret "p (
 ! m\nta9s1 :]e 8 companions built = him
 a small & unpret5ti\s cell4 ,he rema9$ 
!re ) ,leo1 hav+ =bidd5 ! o!rs to return
 to him till ! ,fea/ ( ,/4 ,mi*ael1 & on
 no acc\nt to p]mit any p]sons :omsoev] 
to h access to him4 ,x 0 !n ! "t ( ! fa/
 :i* he prescrib$ = himself1 9 honor ( !
 ar*angel2 "o ( ! n9e p]iods ( fa/+ he  
obs]v$ dur+ ! ye>1 :i* w be notic$      
else:]e4 ,propos+ to fa/ ?is ye> m      
rigor\sly ?an 9 ! prec$+ ye>s1 he       
direct$ ,bro!r ,leo to br+ him no?+ b   
bread & wat] once a day1 & t1 t[>ds     

ev5+1 & place x at ! ?re%old ( 8 cell4  
,& :5 y come to me = ,mat9s1 he add$1   
don't come into ! cell1 b only say 9 a  
l\d voice1 ',dom9e1 labia mea ap]ies2' &
 if ,i answ]1 ',et os meum annuntiabit  
laudem tuam1' y w come 91 o!rwise y w g 
back4 ,8 pi\s companion1 :o _h no?+ m at
 he>t ?an to obey him1 & be useful to   
him1 compli$ m9utely ) all he said2 b he
 0 (t5 oblig$ to return 9 ! night1      
because ! holy man 0 9 ec/asy1 & did n  
he> him4  ,! rew>d ( 8 solicitude 0 to  
be fre$ f a m5tal agitation1 :i* he _h  
f\nd v tr\blesome2 al?\gh x 0 n a       
temptation ( ! fle%1 he nev]!less 0     
a%am$ ( x1 & did n d>e make 8 ,fa!r     
acqua9t$ ) x2 he only wi%$ to h some?+  
writt5 by him1 :i* he ?\ght w\ld enable 
him to ov]come ! temptation1 or at lea/ 
enable him to be> x ) less difficulty4  
,! ,fa!r1 kn[+ by revelation ! /ate ( 8 
m9d & 8 wi%1 desir$ him to br+ him pap] 
& ink1 & he put on ! top ( ! pap]1 9    
l>ge *>act]s1 ! lett] ,t1 aft] :i* he   
wrote "s praises ( ,god1 ) 8 bless+3    

,may ! ,"l bless y & take y into ,8     
keep+1 may ,he %[ y ,8 c\nt5ance1 & take
 pity on y1 may ,he turn ,8 eyes t[>ds  
y1 & give y ,8 peace4 ,may ,god bless   
,bro!r ,leo4 ,take ?is pap]1 he said1 & 
keep x c>efully all y\r life4 ,leo _h no
 soon] receiv$ x ?an 8 temptation left  
him2 he pres]v$ x c>efully till 8 dea?1 
kn[+ ! virtue t 0 atta*$ to x4 ,?is     
writ+ is /ill extant at ,assisi1 9 !    
sanctu>y ( ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,francis1 &    
,god has p]mitt$ x to be frequ5tly us$ =
 ! cure ( diseases4 ,/4 ,bonav5ture says
 t1 9 8 days1 x _h be5 ! means by :i*   
sev]al miracles 7 effect$4  ,francis    
exp]i5c$ on ,m\nt ,alv]nia1 :at _h      
occurr$ to ,/4 ,an?ony 9 ! ,des]t (     
,!bais3 aft] hav+ be5 ! means ( free+   
o!rs f ! attacks ( ! devil1 he 0 expos$ 
to !m himself4 ,! subtle _s (t5 sugge/$ 
evil ?\ghts to him4 ,he plac$ horrid    
spectres be=e him1 & he ev5 visibly     
/ruck him sev]e bl[s4 ,once 9 a v n>r[  
pa?1 & on ! edge ( a deep precipice1 he 
appe>$ to him 9 a hide\s figure1 & ?rew 

himself ^u him to ca/ him d[n2 z !re 0  
no?+ by :i* he c\ld support himself1    
,francis plac$ 8 two h&s on ! rock1 :i* 
0 v h>d & slipp]y1 & !y sank into x1 z  
if x _h be5 s(t wax1 & ?is pres]v$ him f
 fall+4 ,an angel appe>$ to him to put  
away 8 fright1 & to console him1 caus+  
him to he> cele/ial music1 ! sweetness (
 :i* 9 s f> susp5d$ ! p[]s ( 8 s\l1 t x 
seem$ to him t 8 s\l w\ld h be5 sep>at$ 
f 8 body1 _h ! music la/$ mu* long]4    
,he resum$ 8 pray] 9 :i* he return$     
?anks = hav+ escap$ ! dang]1 & = !      
consolation he _h receiv$2 !n he set    
ab\t consid]+ :at might be ! w ( ,god4  
,he 0 n1 z ,/4 ,bonav5ture rem>ks1 l to 
^? inquisitive m9ds1 :o ra%ly endeavor  
to scrut9ize ! ways ( ,god1 & :o are    
ov]:elm$ ) ,8 glory2 b z a fai?ful &    
prud5t s]vant1 he endeavor$ to discov] !
 int5tion ( 8 ,ma/]1 only f ! anxiety he
 felt to con=m himself to x 9 all ?+s4  
,a div9e impression induc$ him to ?9k t1
 if he op5$ ! ,book ( ! ,gospel1 he w\ld
 le>n f ,jesus ,*ri/ :at 9 him & = him  

w\ld be mo/ agreeable to ,god4 ,hav+1   
!re=e1 aga9 pray$ ) great f]vor1 he told
 ,bro!r ,leo to take ! ,new ,te/am5t f !
 alt>1 & op5 x2 ,leo op5$ x ?ree times 9
 honor ( ! mo/ ,holy ,tr9ity1 &1 ea* "t1
 he op5$ x at ! ,passion ( our ,bless$  
,"l4 ,francis1 :o 0 fill$ ) ! ,_s (     
,god1 und]/ood f ?is1 t1 z he _h imitat$
 ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 ! actions ( ,8 life1 he 
mu/ n[ con=m himself to ,8 suff]+s1 & 9 
! pa9s ( ,8 ,passion4  ,al?\gh 8 body 0 
greatly weak5$ by ! au/]ities he        
practis$1 by :i* he incessantly c>ri$ ! 
cross ( ! ,son ( ,god1 he 0 n al>m$ at !
 idea ( hav+ new suff]+s to endure2 on !
 contr>y1 he put on fre% c\rage =       
m>tyrdom1 9 :i*1 he ?\ght1 con=mity to !
 ,passion ( ,jesus ,*ri/ consi/s--h5ce !
 pi\s wi% he _h ?ree times ent]ta9$ (   
expos+ himself to x4 ,= ! love he _h = !
 good ,jesus1 rem>ks ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 0 
s lively1 t ! foll[+ words ( !          
,canticles seem$ to be appli$ to him3 ,8
 lamps are lamps ( fire & flame4 ,!     
*>ity :i* inflam$ 8 he>t 0 s ard5t &    

=cible1 t all ! wat]s ( tribulation1 &  
all ! fury ( p]secution w\ld h be5      
unable to ext+ui% x4 ,x is 9 ?is s5se t 
,/4 ,paul said3 ,:o %all sep>ate u f !  
love ( ,*ri/8 %all tribulation8 or      
di/ress8 or fam9e8 or nak$ness8 or      
dang]8 or p]secution8 or ! sword8 ,su*  
is ! exalt$ love :i* ,*ri/ians %\ld h = 
,god1 if !y desire to love ,him         
et]nally2 _! he>ts mu/ be ready & will+ 
to make e sacrifice1 & to suff] ev]y?+ 9
 ord] to pres]ve ?is div9e love4  ,"s   
days aft] ! op5+ ( ! book ( ! ,gospel1  
,leo _h come at midnight to say al\d1 at
 ! door ( ,francis' cell1 ,dom9e labia  
mea ap]ies1 accord+ to ! ord] he _h     
receiv$2 & receiv+ no reply1 he _h !    
curiosity to advance a /ep fur!r1 & to  
look ?r\gh ! *9ks ( ! door1 to see :at 0
 go+ on4 ,he saw ! cell entirely        
illum9at$1 & a bright ray ( light come f
 heav51 & re/ ^u ! head ( ! ,sa9t2 he   
he>d voices :i* made que/ions & answ]s2 
& he rem>k$ t ,francis1 :o 0 pro/rate1  
(t5 repeat$ ^! words3 ,:o art ,?\1 ,o my

 ,god1 & my de> ,"l8 & :om & ,i8 a worm1
 & ,?y unwor?y s]vant4 ,he also saw him 
put 8 h& out ?ree times into 8 bosom1 & 
ea* "t /ret* x out to ! flame4  ,! light
 disappe>$1 ! conv]sation ceas$1 & ,leo 
wi%$ to retire quickly2 b ! ,fa!r he>d  
him1 & rebuk$ him sev]ely = hav+ wat*$  
him1 & ?us se5 :at ought to h be5       
secret4 ,leo ask$ p>don1 & hav+ obta9$  
x1 humbly entreat$ 8 ma/] to expla9 to  
him1 = ! great] glory ( ,god1 ! ?+s he  
_h se51 :i* ,francis did 9 ^! t]ms3--   
,god manife/$ ,himself to me 9 ! flame  
:i* y saw2 ,he expla9$ _m my/]ies to me1
 by ,8 inf9ite goodness1 & ,he          
communicat$ to me an imm5se k (         
,himself1 & ,i 0 s ov]p[]$ ) admiration1
 t ,i exclaim$3 ',:o art ,?\1 ,"l1 & :o 
am ,i8' ,= no?+ has t5d$ m to my k ( :at
 ,i am1 ?an ! contemplation ( ! inf9ite 
& incompreh5sible abyss ( ! p]fections (
 ,god1 al?\gh f af>1 & "u obscure veils4
  ,! ,"l !n hav+ condesc5d$ to disclose 
to me1 z mu* z ,i am capable ( kn[+ ( ,8
 inf9ite greatness1 ,i c\ld n avoid mak+

 ?is reflection2 t x is c]ta9 t e       
creature is a m]e non5tity be=e ,god4   
,:ile ,i 0 ?us m$itat+1 x 0 ,8 pleasure 
to direct t1 = all ! good ,he _h done   
me1 ,i %\ld make ,him "s (f]+2 ,i repli$
 t my pov]ty 0 s great1 t except ! poor 
habit :i* ,i wore1 ,i _h no?+ 9 ! _w b  
my body & my s\l1 :i* ,i _h long s9ce   
d$icat$ to ,him4 ,! ,"l !n urg$ me to   
(f] ,him :at 0 9 my bosom1 & ,i 0       
surpris$ to f9d !re a beautiful piece ( 
gold1 :i* ,i imm$iately (f]$ to ,him2 ,i
 f\nd ?ree pieces successively1 :i* ,i  
pres5t$ to ,him 9 ! same mann]2 x 0 :5 y
 saw me ext5d my h& 9 ! flame4 ,i gave  
?anks to ,god = ,8 _m b5efits1 & = !    
means ,he put 9 my p[] to make ,him "s  
ackn[l$gm5t4 ,he gave me to und]/& t !  
?ree pieces ( gold1 :i* 7 highly        
agreeable to ,him1 repres5t$ ! ?ree     
modes ( life :i* x _h be5 ,8 w t ,i %\ld
 in/itute1 & also ! ?ree v[s ( pov]ty1  
ob$i5ce1 & *a/ity4  ,:5 he said t no?+  
_h t5d$ s mu* to ! k ( :at he 01 z !    
contemplation ( ! inf9ite p]fections (  

,god1 he well knew t ! be/ mode to atta9
 ! k ( ,god is to "k "o's self1 z ,/4   
,augu/9e & ,/4 ,b]n>d tea* u2 t is to   
say1 t 9 ord] to our obta9+ peculi>     
lights :i* op5 to u ! gr&eur ( ,god1 x  
is necess>y to be ?or\ghly impress$ )   
our own vil5ess1 be s5sible ( our mis]y1
 & annihilate ourselves1 because !      
,div9e ,maje/y only communicates itself 
to ! humble4 ,b ,/4 ,francis propos$ to 
himself to expla9 t1 :5 x pleases ,god  
to manife/ ,himself 9 "s mann] to a s\l 
:i* is duly s5sible ( its no?+ness1 x is
 bett] impress$ ) its own no?+ness1 by !
 disproportion x sees betwe5 ! ,sov]eign
 ,be+ & ,8 creature1 :i* discov]s to x a
 ?\s& imp]fections :i* x 0 n previ\sly  
aw>e (1 z a ray ( ! sun p5etrat+ into a 
room1 discov]s a multitude ( atoms ( :i*
 we 7 previ\sly unaw>e4 ,we may also =m 
to ourselves an idea ( ?is by our k (   
human ignorance2 an ignorant man is less
 s5sible ( 8 ignorance & sometimes he is
 n at all aw>e ( x2 he ?9ks he kn[s     
ev]y?+2 b a v le>n$ man kn[s t he is    

ignorant ( an inf9ity ( ?+s1 & f9ds 8   
m9d v conf9$4 ,s also s\ls :i* are      
int]iorly enlight5$ z to ! greatness ( !
 ,div9ity1 are m p]fectly aw>e ( _! own 
no?+ness1 & are m humble ?an ^? :o h n  
simil> views4 ,! mode adopt$ by ! =m] is
 to dive into 8 own no?+ness by ! light 
( fai?1 to humble himself cont9ually1 9 
ord] to atta9 to a m exalt$ idea ( !    
greatness ( ,god & to repeat frequ5tly  
?is pray] ( ,/4 ,augu/9e3 ,o ,god1 :o   
art always ! same6 may ,i "k myself1 may
 ,i "k ,!e4  ,! self-k :i* ,/4 ,francis 
possess$ 9 su* p]fection1 prep>$ him    
suffici5tly = ! signal favor :i* ,god   
propos$ to conf] ^u him1 accord+ to !   
pr9ciple ( ,/4 ,augu/9e1 t deep         
f\ndations are requisite = a build+ (   
great height4  ,ab\t ! ,fe/ival ( !     
,exaltation ( ! ,cross1 :i* is on !     
f\rte5? ( ,septemb] 7x is believ$ t x 0 
on ! eve71 an angel appe>$ to him & gave
 him notice z he aft]w>ds communicat$ to
 "s ( 8 companions1 to prep>e himself = 
all t ,god w\ld d = him4 ,i am prep>$ = 

ev]y?+1 he repli$1 & ,i %all n 9 any way
 oppose ,8 holy w1 provid$ he condesc5ds
 to assi/ me ) ,8 grace4 ,al?\gh ,i am a
 useless man1 & unwor?y t ,god %\ld ca/ 
a ?\ght on me1 nev]!less1 z ,i am ,8    
s]vant1 ,i beg ,he may act by me1       
accord+ to ,8 good pleasure4  ,?is g5]\s
 concurr5ce1 :i* _h m>tyrdom 9 its view1
 0 ! la/ disposition :i* ! ,almighty    
requir$ previ\s to giv+ to ,francis !   
peculi> & signal pr]ogative ( ! /igmata1
 t is to say1 previ\s to impr9t+ on 8   
body ! five w\nds ( our ,savi\r ,jesus  
,*ri/4 ,we are ab\t to put on record ?is
 m>vell\s ev5t z ne>ly z possible 9 ! v 
words ( ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 :i* we h       
extract$ f 8 two leg5ds4 ,he does n "n !
 precise day1 b ,wad+ assigns good      
reasons = ?9k+ x occurr$ on ! ,fe/ival (
 ! ,exaltation ( ! ,cross4  ,francis1 ! 
s]vant & truly fai?ful m9i/] ( ,jesus   
,*ri/1 be+ "o morn+ 9 pray] on "o side (
 ! ,m\nta9 ( ,alv]nia1 elevat+ himself  
to ,god by ! s]aphic f]vor ( 8 desires &
 by ! motives ( t5d] & affectionate     

compassion1 trans=m+ himself into ,him  
:o1 by ! excess ( ,8 *>ity1 *ose to be  
crucifi$ = u2 he saw1 z x 71 a s]aph1   
hav+ six brilliant w+s1 & all on fire1  
desc5d+ t[>ds him f ! height ( heav54   
,?is s]aph came ) a mo/ rapid flight to 
a spot 9 ! air1 ne> to :]e ! ,sa9t 01 & 
!n 0 se5 betwe5 8 w+s ! figure ( a      
crucifi$ man1 :o _h 8 h&s & feet ext5d$ 
& fa/5$ to a cross4 ,8 w+s 7 s arrang$ t
 he _h two ( !m on 8 head1 two 7 /ret*$ 
out to fly )1 & he cov]$ 8 :ole body ) !
 two o!rs4  ,at ! sight ( su* an object1
 ,francis 0 extraord9>ily surpris$2 joy1
 m+l$ ) grief & sorr[1 spread ov] 8 s\l2
 ! pres5ce ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o manife/$  
himself to him "u ! figure ( a s]aph 9 s
 m>vell\s a m>9]1 & ) su* famili>ity1 & 
by :om he f\nd himself consid]$ s       
favorably1 caus$ 9 him an excess (      
pleasure2 b ! sorr[ful spectacle ( ,8   
crucifixion fill$ him ) compassion1 & 8 
s\l felt z if x 0 pi]c$ ?r\gh ) a sword4
 ,above all1 he admir$ ) deep conc]n t !
 infirmity ( ,8 suff]+s %\ld appe> "u ! 

figure ( a s]aph1 well kn[+ t ?is does n
 agree ) ,8 /ate ( immortality2 & he    
c\ld n compreh5d ! int5tion ( ! vision1 
:5 our ,"l1 :o appe>$ outw>dly1         
communicat$ to him int]iorly1 z to ,8   
fri5d1 t ,he _h be5 plac$ be=e him 9    
ord] to let him "k t x 0 n by ! m>tyrdom
 ( ! fle%1 b by ! inflammation ( ! s\l1 
t he 0 to be :olly trans=m$ into a      
p]fect resemblance to ,jesus ,*ri/      
crucifi$4  ,! vision vani%$1 aft] hav+  
_h a secret & famili> conf]5ce ) him1   
leav+ 8 s\l fill$ ) s]aphic ardor1 &    
impr9t+ on 8 body a figure simil> to t (
 ! crucifix1 z if 8 fle%1 l s(t5$ wax1  
_h receiv$ ! impression ( ! lett]s ( a  
seal4 ,= ! m>ks ( ! nails imm$iately    
began to %[ !mselves on 8 h&s & feet1   
su* z he _h se5 !m on ! figure ( !      
crucifi$ man4 ,8 feet & h&s 7 se5 to be 
p]=at$ by nails 9 _! middle2 ! heads ( !
 nails1 r\nd & black1 7 on ! inside ( ! 
h&s1 & on ! upp] p>ts ( ! feet2 ! po9ts1
 :i* 7 r long1 & :i* came out on !      
opposite sides1 7 turn$ & rais$ above ! 

fle%1 f :i* !y came out4 ,!re 01        
likewise1 on 8 "r side a r$ w\nd1 z if x
 _h be5 pi]c$ ) a lance1 & f ?is w\nd   
!re (t5 ooz$ a sacr$ blood1 :i* soak$ 8 
tunic1 & any?+ he wore r\nd 8 body4     
,?is is ! new prodigy :i* ,jesus ,*ri/  
*ose to exhibit 9 favor ( ,francis1 9   
ord] to r5d] him m l to himself4 ,he    
m>k$ him & ornam5t$ him ) ,8 own w\nds1 
by a s+ul> & glori\s pr]ogative :i* _h  
nev]1 previ\sly1 be5 conc$$ to any "o1 &
 :i* ju/ly excites ! admiration ( !     
,*ri/ian _w4 ,/4 ,bonav5ture is ( op9ion
 t all human encomium falls %ort ( :at x
 des]ves4 ,9 fact1 9 ! mid/ ( all !     
m>vels :i* we f9d 9 ! life ( ,/4        
,francis1 we are compell$ to admit t ?is
 is ! "o :i*1 )\t any exagg]ation1 may  
be t]m$ incomp>able4 ,:at c !re be s    
beautiful z to be visibly clo!d ) ,jesus
 ,*ri/1 to be> on ! body ! lively       
resemblance ( ^? w\nds :i* are ! price (
 our r$emption1 ! s\rce ( life1 & !     
pl$ge ( salvation8 ,:at int]ior con=mity
 mu/ ! ,s]vant h _h ) 8 ,ma/]1 to h     

des]v$ to h s m>k$ a "o ext]iorly1 =1 no
 d\bt1 ! "o 0 9 proportion to ! o!r6    
,?is fai?ful ,s]vant hav+ embrac$ !     
cross f ! v comm5cem5t ( 8 conv]sion1 he
 c>ri$ x 9 8 he>t1 9 8 m9d1 9 8 body1 & 
9 all 8 s5ses2 all 8 love1 all 8        
desires1 7 c5tr$ 9 ! cross1 x 0 ! /&>d (
 8 militia4 ,!re=e did ,jesus ,*ri/1 ^: 
goodness appe>s ) magnific5ce t[>ds ^?  
:o love ,him1 aft] hav+ honor$ ! zeal ( 
,francis by v>i\s app>itions 9 ,8       
crucifi$ /ate1 *oose1 z a cr[n+ ( all ,8
 favors1 t he %\ld be himself crucifi$1 
9 ord] t1 z ! love ( ! cross con/itut$ 8
 m]it be=e ,god1 ! glory ( be+ s        
miracul\sly fa/5$ to x1 %\ld r5d] him   
admirable 9 ! sight ( mank9d4  ,su* 0 ! 
sort ( torm5t :i* ,god res]v$ = him 9   
ord] to satisfy ! extreme desire he _h  
to suff] m>tyrdom1 on :i* ,/4           
,bonav5ture exclaims3 ,o truly =tunate  
man1 ^: fle% n hav+ be5 tortur$ by !    
racks ( a tyrant1 has nev]!less1 borne !
 impress ( ! ,lamb t 0 sla96 ,o =tunate 
s\l1 ?\ ha/ n lo/ ! palm ( m>tyrdom1 &  

yet ?\ art n sep>at$ f ! body by ! sword
 ( ! p]secutor6 ,mu/ we n also admit t !
 impression ( ! five w\nds ( our ,savior
 ,jesus ,*ri/ on 8 body 0 a true        
m>tyrdom--a preci\s m>tyrdom2 rigor\s 9 
"o s5se1 & ! m s1 z x 0 n ! consequ5ce (
 ! cruelty ( execution]s1 b 0 ow+ to !  
d>ts ( div9e love1 & to ! v influ5ce ( !
 ,son ( ,god1 ! op]ation ( :i* is mo/   
p[]ful2 sweet & delici\s 9 ano!r s5se1 &
 ! m s1 z x 0 ! effect ( a mo/          
affectionate communication1 & br\ght    
ab\t m intimate relations8 ,out ,savior1
 ?us1 9 "s degree1 repres5t$ 9 ,8       
creature ! situation 9 :i* ,he _h be5 on
 ! cross1 enjoy+ sov]eign beatitude1    
:ile ,he suff]$ all ! pa9s & viol5ce ( !
 execution4  ,x 0 9 all probability aft]
 ?is favor ( ! /igmata1 t ,francis      
compos$ ! two ,italian canticles :i* are
 f\nd among/ 8 works4 ,9 ! fir/1 ! burd5
 ( :i* is1 ,9 foco l'amor mi mise1 9    
foco l'amor mi mise1 he describes v     
practically1 ) figurative & v lively    
expressions1 ! /ruggle he _h ) div9e    

love1 & ! attacks he _h himself made on 
t love1 ! w\nds :i* he receiv$1 ! flames
 by :i* 8 he>t 0 k9dl$1 & ! /ate (      
languor & fa9tness to :i* he f\nd       
himself r$uc$1 &1 f9ally1 ! /r5g?1 ) a  
tranquillity ( feel+ exce$+ly refre%+1  
:i* ,jesus ,*ri/ _h imp>t$ to him4 ,9 ! 
second1 :i* is mu* long] ?an ! fir/1 he 
describes ! /r5g?1 elevation1 &         
t5d]ness1 ! vehem5ce ( ! div9e love 9 8 
he>t2 he ent]s into conv]sation ) ,jesus
 ,*ri/1 :o answ]s him2 & ?is love       
con/antly increas+1 he decl>es t he c   
resi/ no long]1 t he cons5ts to ev]y?+1 
& t he wi%es no o!r relief ?an to die ( 
love4  ,/4 ,!resa1 speak+ ( h] situation
 at pray]1 9 :i* %e (t5 f\nd h]self1 z x
 71 intoxicat$ ) ! love ( ,god1 & q     
beside h]self1 said3 ,i "k a p]son :o1  
)\t be+ a poet1 sometimes made v good   
extempore v]ses 9 spiritual canticles1  
:i* express$ beautifully h] suff]+s4 ,x 
0 n f h] m9d t !y orig9at$2 b1 by ord] (
 ! glory s delici\s a suff]+ caus$ h]2  
%e laid h] compla9t 9 ?is mann] be=e    

,god4 ,%e w\ld h wi%$ to te> h]self to  
pieces to %[ ! pleasure %e exp]i5c$ 9   
?is delightful pa94 ,^! spiritual &     
div9e emotions are nei!r kn[n nor reli%$
 by pr(ane m9ds & he>ts1 :o only le>n f 
_! own corruption1 & f ! pe/if]\s books 
:i* enc\rage x1 ! extravagances &       
transports ( crim9al love2 b pure m9ds1 
:o "k :at x is to love ,god1 & to be    
lov$ by ,him1 are n a/oni%$ at ! effects
 :i* ?is holy reciprocat$ love produc$ 9
 a ,/4 ,francis1 9 a ,/4 ,!resa1 & 9 _m 
o!rs4 ,nei!r is x surpris+ t ! sa9ts :o 
are full ( ! ?\ghts ( ,god1 %\ld h _h   
rec\rse to poetry to express ! feel+s ( 
_! he>ts1 s9ce ! sacr$ writ]s1 inspir$  
by ! ,_s ( ,god1 h compos$ _m ( ! sacr$ 
books 9 poetry2 ?is also is practis$ by 
! univ]sal ,*ur* 9 h] ,div9e ,(fice4  ,!
 preci\s w\nds :i* ,francis _h receiv$1 
7 a subject ( great emb>rassm5t to him2 
=1 9 ! fir/ place1 he wi%$ to conceal !m
 :olly1 well kn[+ t x is prop] to       
conceal ! secrets ( ! k+1 z ! angel said
 to ,tobit2 &1 9 ! second place1 he saw 

t ! w\nds 7 too conspicu\s to rema9 long
 hidd5 f ^? ( 8 companions :o _h famili>
 int]c\rse ) him4 ,8 hesitation 01 :e!r 
he %\ld tell !m :at _h occurr$1 9       
confid5ce1 or :e!r he %\ld be sil5t on !
 subject1 = fe> ( mak+ kn[n ! secrets ( 
! ,"l4 ,he call$ "s ( !m to him & laid  
be=e !m 8 difficulty 9 g5]al t]ms1 &    
solicit$ _! advice4 ,bro!r ,illum9atus1 
he f :om he _h receiv$ su* excell5t     
advice 9 ! camp be=e ,damietta1 op9+1 f 
! look ( a/oni%m5t :i* he rem>k$ 9 him1 
t he _h se5 some?+ wond]ful1 said3      
,bro!r1 y ought to "k t x is n only =   
y\r own edification1 b = t ( o!rs also1 
t ,god sometimes discov]s 8 secrets to  
y1 = :i* reason y %\ld be fe>ful ( be+  
reprim&$ = hav+ hidd5 ! tal5t1 unless y 
make kn[n :at is to be ( s]vice to _m4  
,francis 0 /ruck ) ?is advice1 & al?\gh 
on o!r occasions he 0 9 ! habit ( say+ )
 ,isaiah1 ,my secret is to myself1 he   
communicat$ to !m all :at _h pass$ 9 !  
app>ition1 b always ) great fe>2 add+1 t
 ,he :o _h appe>$ to him1 _h communicat$

 ?+s to him :i*1 :ile he liv$1 he nev]  
w\ld disclose to any "o4 ,we mu/        
believe1 z ,/4 ,bonav5ture rem>ks1 t !  
s]aph :om he saw atta*$ to ! cross 9 s  
wond]ful a mann]1 or r1 ,jesus ,*ri/    
,himself 9 ! appe>ance ( a s]aph1 _h    
said to him1 z he _h to ,/4 ,paul1      
,secret words1 :i* x is n grant$ to man 
to utt]2 ei!r because !re are no words 9
 :i* !y c be express$1 or1 z a respect$ 
au?or ?9ks1 because !re are no s\ls     
suffici5tly dis5gag$ f s5sible objects1 
& suffici5tly pure1 to und]/& !m4  ,!   
confid5ce :i* ,francis _h repos$ 9 8    
companions1 did n prev5t 8 tak+ e       
precaution possible to hide1 z mu* z x 0
 9 8 p[]1 ! sacr$ m>ks ) :i* ! ,k+ ( k+s
 _h secretly favor$ him4 ,f t "t =w>d1  
he kept 8 h&s cov]$1 s t ! nails %\ld n 
be se51 & he wore slipp]s1 :i* cov]$ ^? 
( 8 feet4 ,wad+ saw 9 ! ,mona/]y ( !    
,poor ,cl>es at ,assisi1 ! sort (       
slipp]s :i* ,/4 ,cl>e made = h]         
spiritual ,fa!r1 s neatly contriv$ t !  
upp] "p cov]$ ! heads ( ! nails1 &1 !   

und]nea? be+ some:at rais$1 ! po9ts did 
n prev5t 8 walk+2 = ^! miracul\s nails  
did n take f him ! use ( 8 h&s & feet1  
al?\gh x 0 pa9ful to him to use !m4  ,b 
all ! precautions :i* 8 humility _h     
sugge/$1 became useless2 x is ,god's    
provid5ce to reveal1 = ,8 great] glory1 
! wond]ful ?+s :i* ,he does4 ,! ,"l     
,himself1 :o _h secretly m>k$ on        
,francis ! impressions ( ,8 ,passion1 by
 _! means work$ miracles1 :i* manife/ly 
disclos$ _! hidd5 & m>vell\s virtue4    
,moreov]1 ! ,sa9tly ,man c\ld n prev5t 8
 w\nds f be+ se5 & t\*$ by p]sons ^:    
v]acity _c be call$ 9 "q1 & :o r5d]$    
public te/imony !reto2 besides :i*1 aft]
 8 dea?1 all ! inhabitants ( ,assisi    
saw1 t\*$1 & kiss$ !m4 ,! ,sov]eign     
,pontiffs ( ^? days 7 s conv9c$ ( ?is   
admirable ev5t1 t !y issu$ bulls to     
exalt x by _! praise1 & to repress by _!
 au?ority ^? :o refus$ cr$5ce to ! fact1
 because !y _h n se5 x ) _! own eyes4   
,pope ,alex&] ,,iv c]tifi$ x1 z hav+ be5
 an eye-witness to x1 9 a s]mon & 9 a   

bull2 & ,/4 ,bonav5ture says t ! pro(s  
!n collect$ made x s c]ta91 t !y 7      
suffici5t to dispel e %ade ( d\bt4 ,?is 
degree ( c]ta9ty is /ill fur!r enhanc$ &
 r5d]$ m respectable1 s9ce ,popes       
,b5$ict ,,xi1 ,sixtus ,,iv1 & ,sixtus ,v
 h consecrat$ & extoll$ ! impression ( !
 /igmata on ! body ( ,/4 ,francis1 by   
hav+ in/itut$ a p>ticul> fe/ival 9 _!   
honor1 :i* is f\nd 9 ! ,roman           
,m>tyrology1 on ! #ag? ( ,septemb]1 &   
:i* is kept 9 ! univ]sal ,*ur*4  ,! =ty 
days :i* ,francis _h resolv$ to pass 9  
solitude & fa/+ hav+ t]m9at$ on         
,mi*aelmas ,day1 ?is new man1 :om p]fect
 love _h trans=m$ by a lively           
resemblance into ,him :om he lov$1      
desc5d$ f ! m\nta91 c>ry+ ) him ! image 
( ,jesus ,*ri/ crucifi$1 n modell$ by ! 
h& ( a workman on wood or /one1 b /amp$ 
on 8 v fle% by ! f+] ( ! liv+ ,god      
,himself1 z ,/4 ,bonav5ture expresses x4
 ,he became m p>tial ?an ev] to ,m\nt   
,alv]no1 :]e he _h receiv$ ?is sacr$    
image1 & recomm5d$ to 8 bre?r5 to *]i%  

great respect = ?is holy place4  ,z he  
desc5d$ ! m\nta91 he met a numb] ( !    
c\ntry p :o _h already he>d ( ! m>vell\s
 occurr5ce2 x is probable t ,god _h     
in=m$ ! p ( x by "s extraord9>y         
manife/ation4 ,at ! "t :5 x occurr$1 !y 
saw at break ( day ! m\nta9 illum9at$ by
 a mo/ brilliant light1 & :at !y he>d1  
in=m$ !m ( ! reason4 ,!y wi%$ to kiss 8 
h&s2 b !y 7 ti$ r\nd ) b&ages1 & he only
 (f]$ !m ! tips ( 8 f+]s4  ,9 a village 
ne> ,arezzo1 !y br\ght him a *ild ( ab\t
 eight ye>s ( age1 :o _h be5 dropsical =
 f\r ye>s1 :om he cur$ in/antane\sly by 
t\*+ him4 ,he w5t aft]w>ds to           
,montaigne1 :]e ,c\nt ,alb]t1 ! "l ( t  
place1 :o 0 8 good fri5d1 & at ^: h\se  
he (t5 took 8 b$1 receiv$ him ) great   
pleasure4 ,b ! c\nt 0 di/ress$ to he>   
him say t 8 infirmities w\ld n all[ him 
to return !re any m1 & t ! "t ( 8 dea? 0
 ha/5+ on4 ,to mitigate ! grief ( su*   
melan*oly tid+s1 he entreat$ ! ,sa9t to 
leave him "s memorial ( _! fri5d%ip2 to 
:i* ,francis repli$1 t he _h no?+ to    

give b ! mis]able habit he _h on1 b t he
 w\ld will+ly leave x him1 provid$ he   
c\ld get ano!r4  ,! *ange 0 soon        
effect$2 & x _c be told h[ mu* ,alb]t   
priz$ ! habit 9 :i* ,francis _h receiv$ 
! impression ( ! preci\s pl$ges ( our   
r$emption4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,/4 ,francis  
he enfold$ ?is poor habit 9 ri* /uffs ( 
silk & gold1 & he plac$ x ) great       
v5]ation on ! alt> ( ! *ur*4 ,! ,lords (
 ,montaigne1 f fa!r to son1 _h x long 9 
_! possession2 & x1 at l5g?1 came 9 !   
mann] relat$ by ,wad+1 into ! possession
 ( ! ,gr& ,dukes ( ,tuscany1 :o pres]ve 
x z a preci\s relic4  ,! great          
infirmities :i* ! man ( ,god suff]$1    
oblig$ him to take an ass to c>ry him f 
,montaigne to ,m\nt ,casal1 ?r\gh !     
bor\gh ( ,sa9t ,sepul*re4 ,:5 he rea*$ !
 latt] place1 :i* is v popul\s1 ! cr[d  
surr\nd$ him1 t\*$ him1 & press$ ^u him1
 b he 0 ins5sible ( x2 he 0 z a dead    
p]son1 9 no way aw>e :at 0 do+1 insomu* 
t1 hav+ proce$$ a good way f !nce1 &    
com+ to himself1 z "o return$ f ! o!r   

_w1 he inquir$ ( "s lep]s at ! door ( ! 
hospital1 :e!r !y w\ld soon get to ,sa9t
 ,sepul*re4 ,8 m9d1 contemplat+1 says   
,/4 ,bonav5ture1 ) deep att5tion !      
brilliant lights ( heav51 _h n notic$ ! 
diff]5ce ( "t1 place1 or p]sons2 s      
p5etrat$ 0 he ) div9e communications1 t 
he 0 n aw>e ( :at pass$ ar\nd him4  ,on 
rea*+ ,m\nt ,casal1 he le>n$ t "o ( 8   
religi\s 0 suff]+ "u an extraord9>y     
disord]1 :i* "s consid]$ to be epilepsy1
 & o!rs ?\ght x a true case ( possession
 by ! devil1 = he _h all ! viol5t       
contortions ( ^? possess$4 ,! ,fa!r1 :o 
0 full ( t5d] compassion = ! suff]+1 0  
greatly afflict$ at see+ "o ( 8 *ildr5 9
 ?is deplorable /ate1 & he s5t him a    
m\?ful ( ! bread he 0 eat+1 ! virtue (  
:i* 0 s great t1 z soon z ! sick man _h 
swall[$ x1 he 0 cur$1 & !nce=w>d _h no  
relapse into ! disord]4  ,f ,m\nt ,casal
 ,francis w5t to ,ca/ello1 & at ! h\se  
:]e he w5t to lodge1 he 0 requir$ to l5d
 8 aid to a female :om ! devil possess$1
 & compell$ to talk )\t ceas+4 ,! s]vant

 ( ,god ) great prud5ce fir/ s5t "o ( 8 
companions to see & he> h]1 to exam9e   
into ! case1 to see :e!r x 0 really "o (
 possession1 or :e!r ! woman 0 n        
c\nt]feit+4 ,%e gna%$ h] tee?1--%e      
imitat$ ! cry ( an elephant ) a dreadful
 c\nt5ance2 %e affect$ to laugh :5 %e   
saw ! religi\s1 & ord]$ him to g away1  
say+ t %e did n c>e ab\t him1 b %e 0    
afraid ( him :o hid himself4 ,! ,sa9t1  
:o 0 9 pray]1 hav+ he>d ?is1 came into !
 room1 :]e ?is woman 0 speak+ )\t any   
res]ve1 be=e _m :o 7 !re4 ,z soon z %e  
saw him1 %e fell on ! gr\nd1 trembl+4   
,he reproa*$ ! demon ) 8 cruelty 9 ?us  
tortur+ "o ( ,god's creatures1 & ord]$  
him to leave h]1 :i* he did in/antly1 b 
) s mu* noise z manife/$ 8 wra?4 ,9 !   
same t[n he cur$ a *ild :o _h an ulc]1  
by mak+ ! sign ( ! cross on ! dress+ :i*
 cov]$ x4 ,:5 ! p>5ts ( ! *ild took (f !
 dress+1 !y saw ) surprise1 9 lieu ( !  
ulc]1 a fle%y excresc5ce1 l a r$ rose1  
:i* rema9$ dur+ ! :ole ( ! *ild's life1 
z a s5sible pro( & memorial ( ! miracle 

:i* _h be5 p]=m$4  ,aft] an abode ( a   
mon? at ,ca/ello1 ! man ( ,god set out  
on 8 return to ,sa9t ,m>y ( ! ,angels4  
,bro!r ,leo1 :o accompani$ him1 assures 
u1 t dur+ ! :ole way1 & until 8 arrival 
9 ! conv5t1 he saw a beautiful gold5    
cross1 %9+--) v>i\s colors1 prec$+ him1 
:i* /opp$ :]e he /opp$1 & advanc$ z he  
w5t on4 ,?is pi\s companion und]/ood f  
?is1 t ,god _h *os5 to give to ,8       
,s]vant ! consolation ( see+ ) ! eyes ( 
8 body t cross :i* he _h always 9 8     
he>t1 & :i* he likewise bore 9 8 fle% by
 ! w\nds ( ,jesus ,*ri/4  ,no?+ is m    
affect+ ?an :at ,/4 ,bonav5ture says ( !
 feel+s ( ,/4 ,francis aft] hav+ receiv$
 ! impression ( ^! sacr$ w\nds4 ,^! are 
! words ( ! holy doctor3--  ,francis1   
be+ crucifi$ ) ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 m9d &     
body1 n only burn$ ) ! ard5t love ( a   
s]aph1 b he likewise p>ticipat$ 9 ! ?ir/
 = ! salvation ( s\ls :i* ! ,son ( ,god 
felt on ! ,cross4 ,z he c\ld n g1 z he  
usually _h done1 into ! t[ns & villages1
 on acc\nt ( ! l>ge nails he _h on 8    

feet1 he _h himself c>ri$ ?i!r1 to      
animate e "o1 al?\gh he 0 9 a deplorable
 /ate ( languor & half dead ) 8         
infirmities1 to c>ry ! cross ( our      
,savi\r4 ,he us$ to say to 8 bre?r53    
',let u n[ beg9 to s]ve ! ,"l our ,god1 
= up to ?is "t we h made b little       
progress4'  ,he 0 also ard5tly desir\s (
 return+ to 8 fir/ practices (          
humility1--to att5d ! lep]s1 & to br+ 8 
body into subjection1 z he _h done 9 !  
fir/ days ( 8 conv]sion4 ,al?\gh 8 limbs
 7 enfeebl$ by 8 ex]tions & suff]+s1 t  
did n prev5t 8 hop+ t1 z 8 m9d 0 yet    
vigor\s & active1 he %\ld /ill combat & 
be victori\s ov] 8 enemy4 ,"u ! guidance
 ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 he propos$ to p]=m "s  
extraord9>y ?+s2 = :5 love is ! spur1   
:i* admits ( no neglect nor slackness1 x
 urges to ! und]tak+ ( ?+s ( great]     
importance4 ,8 body 0 9 su* unison ) 8  
m9d1 s submissive1 s :olly ob$i5t1 t1 f>
 f resi/+1 x 0 =w>d 9 "s measure1 & w5t 
z x 7 ( itself t[>ds ! atta9m5t ( !     
great elevation ( sanctity to :i* he    

aspir$4  ,x be+ ,god's w t he %\ld      
acquire ! summit ( m]it1 :i* is only    
atta9$ by great pati5ce1 ,he tri$ him by
 _m sorts ( maladies1 s griev\s1 t !re 0
 sc>cely any "p ( 8 body 9 :i* he did n 
suff] excruciat+ pa9s4 ,^! r$uc$ him to 
su* a /ate1 t he 0 sc>cely m ?an sk9 &  
bone1 almo/ all 8 fle% 0 wa/$ away2 b ^!
 suff]+s he did n consid] z su*1 he     
d5om9at$ !m 8 si/]s1 to %[ h[ mu* he    
*]i%$ !m4  ,^! words ( ,sa9t ,francis to
 8 bre?r51 ,let u beg9 to s]ve ! ,"l our
 ,god1 = until n[ we h made little      
progress1 conta9 "o ( ! mo/ important   
lessons ( all spiritual life4 ,! ,wise  
,man says ( ! k ( ! works ( ,god3 ,:5 a 
man ha? done1 !n he %all beg91 ,/4      
,augu/9e applies ?is s5t5ce to !        
obscurity ( ! sacr$ writ+s1 :5 he says  
t1 ! deep] !y are se>*$1 ! m hidd5      
my/]ies are f\nd 9 !m2 & x is equally   
applicable to ,*ri/ian & religi\s       
p]fection4 ,x is an error condemn$ by ! 
,*ur* to believe t a man is capable (   
atta9+ 9 ?is life su* a degree (        

p]fection1 z n to be able to increase x2
 b x w\ld be a deplorable illusion to   
make use ( ! language condemn$ by ,sa9t 
,b]n>d2 ,i h done en\gh1 ,i w rema9 z ,i
 am3 nei!r become worse1 nor bett]4 ,! j
 man nev] says1 ,x is en\gh2 he has     
always hung] & ?ir/ aft] ju/ice2 z !    
apo/les1 ,he =gets ! ?+s t are beh9d1 & 
/ret*es himself to ^? t are be=e1 to    
press t[>ds ! m>k4 ,to believe t we h   
made progress is n to d s2 n to /rive to
 advance is to g back1 & to lose "o's   
self4 ,:at in/ruction d we f9d "h = !   
mo/ p]fect1 9 ! example ( a sa9t :o     
deems himself to h made little progress 
9 ! s]vice ( ,god1 & :o wi%es to beg9   
all afre%1 at a "t :5 he is f\nd des]v+ 
to be> on 8 body ! w\nds ( ,jesus ,*ri/6
  ,8 disord]s 7 only afflict+ to        
,francis inasmu* z relat$ to ! va/      
projects he unceas+ly =m$ = ! good (    
s\ls4 ,he 0 mo/ griev$ at ! /ate ( 8    
eyes1 :i* made 8 sight beg9 to fail4    
,not)/&+ 8 o!r infirmities1 :5ev] he    
c\ld1 he m\nt$ on an ass1 & w5t ab\t1   

prea*+ p5ance1 ann\nc+ ! k+dom ( ,god1 &
 address+ ^! words to all 8 he>]s3      
,jesus ,*ri/1 my ,love1 0 crucifi$4 ,he 
spoke ) s mu* f]vor1 & ) su* assiduity1 
visit+ sometimes five or six t[ns 9 !   
c\rse ( a s+le day1 t x might be paid t 
,god gave him1 z to ! prophet1 ! agility
 ( a de]4 ,h[ev]1 al?\gh 9 ! p]son ( ,/4
 ,francis ! int]ior man 0 r5ew$ f day to
 day1 yet x necess>ily foll[$ t !       
ext]ior man1 borne d[n by s mu*1 au/]ity
 & fatigue1 began rapidly to decay4 ,!  
acute pa9s 9 8 eyes1 & ! te>s he        
con/antly %$1 br\ght on bl9dness1       
besides x 0 impossible = him to prea*   
any long]1 h[ev] desir\s he 0 to d s4   
,moreov]1 he w\ld n h rec\rse to        
rem$ies1 al?\gh 8 bre?r5 urg$ him to    
avail himself ( !m1 because1 be+ already
 9 heav5 9 m9d & he>t1 he wi%$1 z !     
,apo/le _h done1 to h 8 conv]sation 9   
heav54  ,bro!r ,elias1 vic>-g5]al1 :o   
felt ! loss :i* ! dea? ( 8 holy f\nd]   
w\ld be to ! ,ord]1 0 mo/ anxi\s to     
procure him relief4 ,8 feel+s also      

induc$ him to wi% x2 =1 ) all 8 faults1 
he 0 t5d]ly atta*$ to 8 fa!r1 & 0 z a "m
 to him by ! c>e he took ( him3 ( ?is   
all ! fir/ writ]s ( ! life ( ,sa9t      
,francis be> te/imony4 ,he us$          
entreaties & argum5t to induce him to h 
rec\rse to m$ic9e = 8 disord]s1 & quot$ 
! foll[+ ,scriptural texts3 ,! ,mo/     
,high ha? creat$ m$ic9es out ( ! e>?1 & 
a wise man w n abhor !m4 ,he also on ?is
 occasion made use ( ! p[] he _h receiv$
 f ! ,sa9t3 he comm&$ him1 on 8 ob$i5ce1
 n to resi/ 8 cure4 ,c>d9al ,ugol9o1    
,protector ( ! ,ord]1 urg$ him also to !
 same effect1 & w>n$ him to be c>eful1  
le/ !re %\ld be s9 in/ead ( m]it 9      
neglect+ to take prop] c>e ( himself4   
,! sick man yield$ to ! advice ( 8      
fri5ds4 ,he 0 remov$ to a small & poor  
cell1 v ne> ! ,conv5t ( ,sa9t ,damian1 t
 he might be ne>] to ,cl>e & h]         
si/]hood1 :o lov$ him z _! fa!r1 & :o   
prep>$ ! m$ic9es = him4 ,he rema9$ !re  
=ty days ) ! ,bro!rs ,masse1 ,ruff91    
,leo1 & ,angelo ( ,rieti2 b ! disord] ( 

8 eyes became s pa9ful1 t he c\ld get no
 re/ night or day2 :5 he endeavor$ to   
procure a little sleep1 he 0 prev5t$ by 
a numb] ( rats1 :i* infe/$ ! hut1 & ran 
ov] 8 table & b$ s d>+ly1 t x 0 ?\ght to
 be a /ratagem ( ! evil "o4  ,see+      
himself ov]:elm$ by an accumulation (   
disord]s1 he made ! foll[+ pray] humbly 
to ,god3 ,my ,"l & ,god1 ca/ ,?9e eyes  
^u me1 & l5d me ,?9e aid2 grant me grace
 to be> ) pati5ce all ^! ills &         
infirmities4 ,a voice =?) made him ?is  
answ]3 ,francis1 :at price %\ld be set  
^u t :i* %all obta9 a k+dom :i* is above
 all price8 ,"k t ! pa9s y suff] are (  
great] value ?an all ! ri*es ( ! _w1 & t
 y ought n to be rid ( !m = all t is 9 !
 _w1 ev5 ?\gh all ! m\nta9s %\ld be     
*ang$ into pure gold1 all its /ones into
 jewels1 & all ! wat]s ( ! sea into     
balsam4 ,yes1 ,"l1 exclaim$ ,francis1 x 
is ?us t ,i prize ! suff]+s ,?\ s5de/   
me2 = ,i "k t x is ,?y w t !y %\ld be 9 
?is _w ! *a/isem5ts ( my s9s1 9 ord] to 
%[ me m]cy 9 et]nity4 ,rejoice1 !n1 add$

 ! voice1 x is ?r\gh ! way 9 :i* y are1 
t heav5 is rea*$4 ,at ^! words he rose  
up full ( f]vor2 & wi%+ t ,cl>e1 :o 0   
almo/ always ill1 %\ld b5efit by :at he 
_h j he>d1 he s5t to h]1 & in=m$ h] ( ! 
t5d] goodness ( ,god to man1 ev5 9 !    
dispositions ( ,8 ,provid5ce1 :i* h !   
appe>ance ( be+ ! mo/ sev]e4  ,m5 :o are
 enlight5$ by ! light ( fai?1--mu/ !y n 
be conv9c$ ( ^! ,*ri/ian tru?s3 t ! mo/ 
p]fect h "s s9s to expiate2 t ! sa9ts c 
only atta9 to heav5 by suff]+2 t !      
,k+dom ( ,heav51 :i* is invaluable1 _c  
be pur*as$ at too great a price2 & t    
,god nev] manife/s ,8 pat]nal reg>d 9   
our favor m evid5tly ?an :5 ,he afflicts
 u 9 ?is _w 9 ord] to %[ u ,8 m]cy 9 !  
next8 ,:at fruit might n be ga!r$ f     
sicknesses & o!r suff]+s2 :at           
alleviations1 :at consolations1 & ev5   
:at joy1 might n be f\nd1 if ^! holy    
tru?s 7 b r$uc$ to practice1 :i*        
un=tunately are only view$ !oretically1 
& ) little or no application6  ,francis 
be+ "o day at d9n]1 & beg9n+ to eat1    

/opp$ sudd5ly1 &1 ) 8 eyes rais$ to     
heav51 exclaim$ 9 a l\d voice3 ,may ,god
 be bless$1 glorifi$1 & exalt$ above    
all6 ,!n leav+ ! room 9 an unusual      
mann]1 he ?rew himself on ! gr\nd1 :]e  
he rema9$ motionless 9 ec/asy dur+ a    
:ole h\r4  ,:5 he came to himself1 "o ( 
! bre?r5 ^: "n 0 ,leon>d1 :o _h witness$
 :at _h pass$1 & _h he>d :at he _h      
exclaim$1 spoke to him ( x1 z if :at he 
_h done _h be5 v unbecom+4 ,my de>      
bro!r1 said ,francis1 ,i _h great cause 
= :at ,i did1 :i* ,i w communicate to y 
confid5tially1 ^u condition t y w tell  
no "o ( x dur+ my lifetime4 ,if a k+    
promis$ to give a k+dom to "o ( 8       
subjects1 w\ld n t p]son h great reason 
to rejoice8 ,:at1 !n1 did ,i d t 0      
unseemly1--,i :om ! ,almighty assur$ (  
,8 k+dom8 ,i 0 s ov]p[]$ ) joy1 t ,i    
c\ld n control ! emotions ( my he>t2 y  
mu/ excuse ! excess 9 ! expressions ( my
 satisfaction1 :atev] x may h be51 &    
h[ev] x may h seem$ to transgress !     
rules ( decorum4 ,b :at ,i did is n     

en\gh1 ,i w praise ,god /ill m2 ,i w    
unceas+ly praise ,8 holy "n4 ,i w s+    
hymns to ,8 glory dur+ ! rema9d] ( my   
days4  ,aft] :i* he sat d[n1 & aft] hav+
 reflect$ a little1 he got "o ( 8       
companions to write an ,italian         
canticle1 :i* beg9s ?us3 ,altissimo1    
,omnipot5te1 bon ,signore2 tue son le   
laude1 la gloria1 l'onore1 ed ogni      
b5$izione1 etc4 ,o ,god1 mo/ high1 mo/  
p[]ful1 mo/ good6 to ,!e belong praise1 
honor1 glory1 & e bless+3 ^! are solely 
to be ref]r$ to ,!e2 nei!r is any man   
wor?y to pron\nce ,?y holy "n4 ,praise  
be to ,!e1 ,o ,"l1 my ,god6 by all ?y   
creatures4 ,he speaks ( ! sun z ! mo/   
brilliant ( all1 ( ! moon1 ! />s1 ! air1
 ! w9d1 ! cl\ds1 ! seasons1 ! wat]1 !   
fire1 ! e>? & all t x conta9s2 giv+     
praise to ,god = ea* ( ,8 creatures1 ^: 
beauties & prop]ties ,he recites4  ,?is 
canticle resembles t :i* 0 sung at      
,babylon1 9 ! fi]y furnace1 by ! ?ree "y
 m5 :o 7 ?r[n into x1 = n hav+ ador$ !  
/atue ( ,nebu*odonosor4 ,!y call$ ^u all

 creatures1 inanimate & irrational1 to  
praise ,god1 z ,david _h done be=e2 &   
,/4 ,francis calls ^u all to praise     
,him1 because ( ,8 creatures4 ,?is has !
 same result2 = inanimate creatures1 z  
,/4 ,j]ome obs]ves1 only praise ,god by 
mak+ ,him kn[n to m51 & by plac+ be=e !m
 ,8 magnific5ce4 ,:5 !y are consid]$ z  
,8 "w1 says ,/4 ,augu/9e1 we f9d 9 !m   
numb]less reasons = s++ hymns to ,8     
glory2 & if ,8 greatness is manife/$ 9  
,8 glori\s works1 ,he is n less great 9 
^? :i* are less s4 ,:atsoev] ,god has   
made1 praises ,god2 !re is only s91 (   
:i* ,he is n ! au?or1 :i* does n praise 
,him4 ,x 0 ,francis's desire t all 8    
bre?r5 %\ld le>n 8 canticle1 & recite x 
daily1 & t ,bro!r ,pacificus1 ! fam\s   
poet1 ( :om we h be=e spok51 & :o 0 !n 9
 ,france or 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries1 %\ld put 
x into well-s\nd+ v]se4 ,he call$ x !   
,canticle ( ! ,sun1 because ( !         
preem95ce ( t beautiful planet1 9 :i*1  
,david says1 ,god seem$ to h tak5 up ,8 
abode1 9 ord] to %[ ,himself to u4  ,z 8

 malady did n %[ symptoms (             
amelioration1 ,elias _h him remov$ f !  
,conv5t ( ,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels to       
,foligno1 9 hopes t *ange ( air might be
 ( s]vice to him4 ,& he 0 9 fact some:at
 reliev$ by x2 b ,god made kn[n1 by an  
extraord9>y revelation1 t he w\ld       
cont9ue to suff] until dea?4 ,elias f\nd
 himself ov]p[]$ ) sleep1 & 9 8 slumb]  
he saw a v5]able old man1 clo!d 9 :ite1 
) pontifical ornam5ts1 :o told him t    
,francis mu/ prep>e himself to suff]    
pati5tly = two ye>s m1 aft] :i*1 dea?   
w\ld deliv] him1 & w\ld cause him to    
pass into p]fect repose1 free f all pa94
 ,he communicat$ ?is to ,francis1 :o    
said t ! same ?+ _h be5 communicat$ to  
him2 & !n1 fill$ ) joy1 n only on acc\nt
 ( ! et]nal felicity aga9 promis$ him1 b
 because ! "t 0 fix$ :5 8 s\l 0 to be   
releas$ f ! prison ( 8 body1 he add$ ?is
 fur!r c\plet to 8 canticle3 ,be ,?\    
prais$1 my ,"l1 = dea? our si/]1 f :i*  
no liv+ man c escape1 etc4 ,bless$ are  
!y :o1 at ! h\r ( dea?1 are f\nd con=m$ 

to ,?y holy w1 = !y w n be ov]tak5 by ! 
second dea?4 ,woe to ^? :o die 9 mortal 
s96 ,may all creatures praise & bless   
,god1 obey ,him & s]ve ,him ) great     
humility6 ,if we are surpris$ to f9d ,/4
 ,francis call dea? our si/]1 we mu/ be>
 9 m9d t ! holy man1 ,job1 said to      
rott5ness3 ,?\ art my fa!r2 & to !      
worms1 y are my "m & si/]4  ,! :ole ( ! 
ye> #abbe1 ,francis pass$ 9 v>i\s       
illnesses & 9 great suff]+s4 ,t[>ds     
autumn1 ,c>d9al ,ugol9o & ,bro!r ,elias 
induc$ him to be remov$ to ,rieti1 :]e  
!re 7 able physicians & surgeons :o c\ld
 att5d to ! /ate ( 8 eyes4 ,z soon z x 0
 kn[n 9 ! t[n1 all ! inhabitants met1 & 
w5t to meet him2 b1 9 ord] to avoid all 
! honors prep>+ = him1 he _h himself    
tak5 to ,/4 ,fabian1 a village two miles
 f ,rieti1 :]e he lodg$ at ! cure's4  ,!
 ,pope 0 at ,rieti1 ) all 8 c\rt1 at t  
"t3 _m ( ! pr9cipal p]sons ( ! c\rt1 &  
ev5 c>d9als1 came to ,/4 ,fabian to     
visit ! holy man4 ,:ile !y 7 9          
conv]sation ) him1 ! p]sons ( _! suite  

w5t into ! cure's v9ey>d to eat grapes1 
& !y ga!r$ s _m t ! v9ey>d 0 ne>ly      
/ripp$4 ,! cure 0 mu* displeas$ at ?is1 
& compla9$ to ,/4 ,francis1 :o ask$ him1
 h[ mu* he ?\ght he _h lo/8 ,i usually1 
repli$ ! cure1 h made f\rte5 measures ( 
w9e1 :i* 7 suffici5t = ! consumption (  
my h\se4 ,i am sorry1 said ,francis1 t  
!y %\ld h done y s mu* damage1 b we mu/ 
hope t ,god w f9d a rem$y = x1 & ,i     
firmly believe ,he w1 & t1 f ! grapes   
:i* rema9 9 y\r v9ey>d1 ,he w give y    
f\rte5 measures ( w9e & m4 ,! cure saw  
?is prophecy fulfill$1 = he made tw5ty  
measures f ! few grapes :i* _h be5 left4
 ,! magi/rates ( ,rieti caus$1 at a     
subsequ5t p]iod1 a conv5t to be built = 
! ,fri>s ,m9ors on ?is spot2 & ! same   
,pope1 ,gregory ,,ix1 out ( respect = ! 
,sa9t1 *ose to consecrate ! *ur*        
himself1 9 :i* are /ill se5             
repres5tations ( ! miracle4  ,aft] "s   
days ,francis c\ld no long] avoid go+ to
 ,rieti1 :]e ! p]sons ( ! c\rt receiv$  
him ) honors1 :i* he gladly w\ld h      

disp5s$ )4--,he lodg$ !re ) a pi\s      
citiz51 nam$ ,!obald1 a ,s>ac51 :o _h   
settl$ 9 ! t[n4  ,! dejection ( spirits 
:i* 8 suff]+s _h br\ght ^u him1 made him
 desir\s ( hav+ in/rum5tal music to *e] 
him2 b1 says ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 decorum   
did n all[ him to ask = x1 & x 0 ,god's 
pleasure t he %\ld receive ?is agreeable
 consolation by means ( an angel4 ,! m]e
 s\nd1 :i* 0 m>vell\sly h>moni\s1 rais$ 
8 m9d s entirely to ,god1 & fill$ 8 s\l 
) s mu* delight1 t he ?\ght himself 9 ! 
enjoym5t ( ! joys ( ! o!r _w4 ,8        
intimate companions p]ceiv$ x1 & !y     
frequ5tly obs]v$ t ,god gave him        
extraord9>y consolations1 = ! effects !y
 produc$ on him 7 s manife/1 t x 0      
impossible = him to disguise !m1 & !n he
 admitt$ to !m f :5ce !y arose4  ,?is   
%[s t1 if ! sa9tly suff]] wi%$ to he> "s
 in/rum5tal music1 x 0 9 ord] to li/5 to
 x = ! glory ( ,god1 z ,/4 ,augu/9e     
obs]ves 0 ! case ) ,david1 & n = any    
purely human gratification1 nor to take 
any ord9>y pleasure !re91 nor ev5 = !   

assuagem5t ( 8 viol5t suff]+s4  ,x is   
true t h>moni\s s\nd w procure ?is      
relief2 & )\t ref]r+ to :at anci5t      
writ]s say on ?is head1 )\t notic+      
,saul1 we "k t !re are feel+s ( ! body &
 m9d1 9 :i* we exp]i5ce :at ! wise man  
supposes to be a common occurr5ce1 t    
music rejoices ! he>t4 ,man be+ born ) a
 ta/e = proportion1 & f9d+ himself full 
( conc]t & h>mony1 x is no way surpris+ 
t ! h>mony & proportion ( s\nds %\ld    
cause /rong & vivid impressions on him4 
,/4 ,francis1 :o may h be5 naturally m  
affect$ by music ?an o!rs1 may also h   
reasonably wi%$ = its solace1 m f a     
desire to prev5t ! depression ( 8       
spirits1 ?an f ! viol5ce ( 8 suff]+s1 or
 f be+ depriv$ ( its solace by a        
pr9ciple ( mortification4 ,= he 0 too   
spiritual a man n to h u conv9c$ t 8 wi%
 proce$$ f a pur] & m noble motive4 ,he 
desir$ to prev5t 8 m9d f be+ too greatly
 depress$1 9 ord] to r5d] himself m     
equal to int]ior op]ations1 & to unite  
himself m easily & m intimately to      

,god--z ! ,prophet ,eliseus1 :o1 hav+   
be5 greatly excit$ aga9/ ! ,k+ (        
,israel1 caus$ a canticle ( ! temple to 
be sung to him1 ) a h>p accompanim5t1 9 
ord] to calm 8 irritat$ m9d1 & to prep>e
 him = ! lights ( ! ,"l1 z to ! k (     
future ev5ts4 ,/4 ,augu/9e also obs]ves1
 t1 aft] 8 baptism1 ! *ant ( ! hymns &  
psalms sung 9 ! *ur* excit$ 9 8 he>t    
t5d] s5tim5ts ( piety1 & drew f 8 eyes  
floods ( te>s4  ,we may say3 ,music is a
 sci5ce giv5 to m5 by ! lib]ality ( !   
,creator1 to repres5t to !m ! admirable 
h>mony by :i* ,he gov]ns ! _w1 9 ord] to
 guide !m by ! *annel ( ! s5ses1 &      
melody ( s\nds1 to ! k & love (         
immutable tru?4 ,?is is also ! true use 
( music1 & x is only ) ?is view t !     
,*ur* p]mits x 9 ! ,div9e ,s]vice4 ,t   
:i* is s(t & effem9ate1 :i* is calculat$
 to excite ! passions1 by multitudes (  
ambigu\s expressions1 7n ! less dang]\s 
= be+ s cloak$7 %\ld be consid]$ by     
,*ri/ians z an abuse ! m deplorable1 z x
 has ev5 be5 c5sur$ & condemn$ by !     

pagans4  ,all ! skill ( ! physicians &  
surgeons ( ,rieti n hav+ _h any effect  
t[>ds ! cure ( _! pati5t1 he _h himself 
tak5 to 8 ,conv5t ( ,fonte ,colombo1 :]e
 !y 7 to cont9ue _! rem$ies2 & x 0 _!   
op9ion t a hot iron %\ld be appli$ above
 8 e>1 f :i* x 0 expect$ he w\ld obta9  
relief4 ,= ?is reason 8 bre?r5 urg$ him 
to give 8 cons5t1 :i* he will+ly did1 9 
hopes to recov] 8 sight !reby1 & !n to  
cont9ue 8 ex]tions = ! salvation ( s\ls2
 & also because1 ! op]ation be+ v       
pa9ful1 he w\ld h an opportunity (      
volunt>y suff]+4  ,:5 !y 7 ab\t to apply
 ! r$-hot iron1 he c\ld n avoid feel+ a 
natural s5se ( fe>2 9 ord] to ov]come x1
 he address$ ! fire z we %\ld speak to a
 fri5d3 ,my bro!r1 said he1 ! ,mo/ ,high
 has giv5 y great beauty1 & has made y  
mo/ useful2 be favorable to me on ?is   
occasion4 ,i entreat ! great ,god :o    
creat$ y1 to temp] y\r heat1 s t ,i may 
be able to be> x4 ,he !n made ! sign ( !
 cross on ! in/rum5t1 & )\t any fe>     
pres5t$ himself to receive ! impression4

 ,8 companions1 n hav+ c\rage to witness
 ! op]ation1 left ! room4 ,! physician &
 surgeon rema9$ alone ) him1 & ! hot    
iron 0 press$ f ov] 8 e> to 8 eyebr[1   
into 8 fle%4  ,aft] ! op]ation1 ! bro!rs
 hav+ return$1 he said to !m3 ,praise ! 
,"l1 = ,i assure y ,i nei!r felt ! heat 
( ! fire1 nor any pa94 ,!n he reproa*$  
!m mildly 9 ^! words3 ,:y did y fly1 y  
pusillanim\s m51 & ( little fai?8 ,he :o
 pres]v$ ! ?ree "y m5 9 ! furnace (     
,babylon1 c\ld ,he n temp] 9 my favor ! 
heat ( my bro!r1 ! fire8 ,we %all see   
fur!r :at an exalt$ pr9ciple x 0 :i*    
induc$ him to qualify all creatures by !
 names ( 8 bro!rs & si/]s4 ,he said to !
 physician3 ,if ! fle% is n suffici5tly 
burnt1 replace ! hot iron4 ,! physician1
 /ruck ) s mu* =titude 9 s feeble a     
body1 saw t x 0 miracul\s1 & said to !  
religi\s3 ,i see truly to-day a mo/     
wond]ful occurr5ce4  ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 :o
 relates ?is1 makes ! foll[+ obs]vation3
 ,t ,francis hav+ atta9$ s high a degree
 ( p]fection1 8 body 0 subject to 8 m9d1

 & 8 m9d to ,god2 ) admirable h>mony x  
foll[$ f !nce1 by a peculi> disposition 
( ,div9e ,provid5ce1 t inanimate        
creatures :i* obey ,god1 obey$ ,8 s]vant
 also1 & =ebore f hurt+ him1 accord+ to 
! words3 ,o ,"l6 ! creature be+ subject 
to ,!e1 z to its ,creator1 r5ovates its 
/r5g? to torm5t ! wick$1 & s(t5s x to   
contribute to ! good ( ^? :o tru/ 9 ,!e4
  ,x is1 moreov]1 rem>kable t ,/4       
,francis fe>$ :5 he saw ! r$-hot        
iron1--he :o _h cons5t$ to h ! rem$y    
appli$1 because x 0 sev]e1 & :o _h (f]$1
 :5 9 ,egypt1 to ca/ himself into ! fire
 to prove ! tru? ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 
,x is ?us t ,god p]mits ,8 sa9ts to     
become s5sible ( _! natural weakness 9  
trifl+ ?+s1 9 ord] t !y may be s5sible t
 9 great] ?+s all _! /r5g? dep5ds ^u ,8 
grace4  ,! disord] 9 ! eyes ( ,/4       
,francis 0 caus$ by ! te>s he cont9ually
 %$4 ,8 physician told him he ought to  
re/ra9 !m1 unless he wi%$ to lose 8     
entire sight2 & ?is is ! reply he gave  
him3 ,my de> ,bro!r ,doctor1 = ! love ( 

corporal sight1 :i* we enjoy 9 common ) 
flies1 we mu/ n set aside = a s+le      
in/ant ! ,div9e illu/rations2 = ! m9d   
has n receiv$ ! favor on acc\nt ( !     
body1 x has be5 grant$ to ! body on     
acc\nt ( ! m9d4 ,he lik$ bett]1 says ,/4
 ,bonav5ture1 to lose corporal sight ?an
 to *eck = a s+le mom5t t t5d] &        
affectionate devotion :i* calls =? te>s1
 by :i* ! int]ior sight is purifi$ &    
r5d]$ compet5t to see an inf9itely pure 
,god4  ,9 ord] to %[ "s gratitude to !  
physician = ! tr\ble he took 9 8 reg>d1 
,francis "o day desir$ ! bre?r51 9 8    
pres5ce1 to take him to d9e ) !m4 ,!y   
repres5t$ to him t _! pov]ty 0 su* t !y 
_h no?+ :i* 0 fit to place be=e a p]son 
( 8 consid]ation1 = ?is physician 0 9   
great e/imation1 & v ri*4 ,m5 ( little  
fai?1 repli$ ! ,sa9t1 :y h y ^! d\bts8  
,:y h y n consid]$ m favorably ! m]it ( 
ob$i5ce8 ,g & take to ! refectory our   
honorable bro!r1 ! doctor4 ,!y took him1
 see+ t he w\ld cons5t to p>take ( _!   
poor f>e out ( devotion1 b1 j z !y 7    

sitt+ d[n to table1 !re 0 a r+ at !     
bell2 x 0 a woman1 :o br\ght1 9 a       
basket1 sev]al di%es exce$+ly well      
dress$1 :i* a lady1 :o liv$ at a c\ntry 
h\se1 six miles (f1 s5t to ! s]vant (   
,god4 ,he desir$ t ^! might be (f]$ to !
 physician1 & t he might be told t ! ,"l
 took c>e ( ,8 own4 ,! doctor admir$ !  
h& ( ,provid5ce1 & said to ! religi\s3  
,my bre?r51 we d n suffici5tly und]/& ! 
hol9ess ( ?is man2 & ev5 y :o live )    
him1 h no conception ( ! secret virtue )
 :i* 8 m9d is repl5i%$4  ,?is physician 
0 n less *>itable ?an le>n$2 he _h great
 pleasure 9 prescrib+ = ?is sick man1 he
 frequ5tly visit$ him1 & paid ! exp5se (
 ! m$ic9es he requir$4 ,god1 :o consid]$
 z done to ,himself :at 0 done to ,8    
s]vant :o c\ld n repay him1 rew>d$ him 9
 ?is _w by a miracle work$ 9 8 favor4   
,he _h laid out all 8 ready money 9     
build+ a h\se :i* 0 only j f9i%$1 :5 "o 
( ! pr9cipal walls 0 f\nd to h a l>ge   
crack 9 x f ! top to ! bottom1 :i* no   
human art c\ld make good4 ,full ( fai? &

 confid5ce 9 ! m]its ( ,francis1 he     
begg$ 8 companions to give him some?+   
:i* ! holy man _h t\*$4 ,aft] _m        
entreaties !y gave him "s ( 8 hair1 :i* 
he plac$ at night 9 ! fissure 9 ! wall4 
,he came back 9 ! morn+1 & f\nd ! :ole s
 completely clos$1 t x 0 n only         
impossible to get back ! hair1 b x 0 no 
long] p]ceivable t !re _h be5 any r5t 9 
! wall4 ,! good (fices :i* he _h        
manife/$ to a worn-out body prev5t$1    
says ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 ! ru9 ( ! h\se he 
_h j built4  ,"s days aft]1 ,francis 0  
tak5 to ,rieti1 :]e ! bi%op lodg$ him 9 
8 palace2 !y br\ght to ! foot ( 8 b$1 ^u
 a tressel1 "o ( ! canons1 :o 0         
dang]\sly ill2 he _h be5 a v worldly    
man1 :o _h liv$ a dissipat$ life1 b :o1 
/ruck ) ! fe> ( approa*+ dea?1 entreat$ 
! ,sa9t to make ! sign ( ! cross ^u him4
 ,h[1 said ,francis1 %all ,i make ! sign
 ( ! cross on y1 :o1 )\t any fe> ( !    
judgm5ts ( ,god1 h giv5 y\rself up to ! 
lu/s ( ! fle%8 ,i w d x1 h[ev]1 because 
( ! pi\s p]sons :o h int]c$$ 9 y\r      

favor4 ,b1 be> 9 m9d t y w suff] mu*    
great] ills1 if1 aft] y\r cure1 y %\ld  
return to y\r vomit1 = ! s9 ( +ratitude 
& relapse makes ! la/ /ate ( man worse  
?an ! fir/4 ,he !n made ! sign ( ! cross
 ^u ! sick man1 :o imm$iately arose1    
prais$ ,god1 & exclaim$1 ,i am heal$4   
,all ! by/&]s he>d 8 bones crack1 z :5  
dry /icks are brok54 ,t unhappy man1    
h[ev]1 did n rema9 long )\t plung+ aga9 
into vice2 & "o night1 z he 0 9 b$ at ! 
h\se ( a canon :]e he _h supp$1 ! ro( ( 
! h\se fell 9 & cru%$ him1 )\t hurt+ any
 "o else4  ,x 01 says ! same holy       
doctor1 by a j judgm5t ( ,god2 = ! s9 ( 
+ratitude is a contempt ( ! graces (    
,god1 = :i* we ought to be mo/ ?ankful2 
& ! s9s into :i* we aga9 fall aft]      
rep5tance1 displease ,him m ?an any     
o!rs4 ,w x nev] be und]/ood t1 9 !      
diseases ( ! s\l1 z 9 ^? ( ! body1 !re  
is no?+ s dang]\s z a relapse8  ,! pa9s 
felt by ,francis 7 9 "s degree assuag$1 
8 sight 0 re/or$1 & he made use ( ?is   
int]val to h himself tak5 into sev]al   

p>ts ( ,umbria1 ( ! ,k+dom ( ,naples1 & 
( ! adjac5t prov9ces1 9 ord] to "w = !  
salvation ( s\ls4 ,at ,p5na1 a "y       
religi\s :o 0 naturally good1 & ( great 
promise1 came to ask 8 p>don = hav+ left
 ! ,ord]1 :i* he _h only done at !      
in/igation ( ! evil _s1 :o p]suad$ him t
 by liv+ privately1 he c\ld bett]       
sanctify himself4 ,z soon z ! ,sa9t saw 
him1 he fl$ to 8 cell1 & %ut ! door2 :5 
he came out aga91 8 companions express$ 
_! surprise at :at he _h done3 ,d n be  
a/oni%$1 he said1 at my hav+ fl$2 ,i saw
 on ?is "y man a frightful demon1 :o 0  
endeavor+ to ?r[ him d[n a precipice1 & 
,i ackn[l$ge to y t ,i c\ld n be> 8     
pres5ce4 ,i h pray$ z e>ne/ly z ,i c\ld 
= ! deliv]ance ( ?is poor bro!r f su* a 
s$uc]1 & ,god has he>d my pray]4 ,!n1   
hav+ s5t = him1 & tell+ him :at he _h   
se51 he exhort$ him to be on 8 gu>d     
aga9/ ! sn>es ( ! devil1 & n to sep>ate 
himself aga9 f 8 bre?r53 ,=1 if y d     
o!rwise1 he add$1 y w n fail to fall    
into ! precipice f :i* ! m]cy ( ,god has

 pres]v$ y4 ,! docile & fai?ful religi\s
 pass$ ! rema9d] ( 8 days 9 great piety1
 & 9 ! ex]cises ( a regul> life4  ,at   
,calano1 a t[n ( ! ,du*y ( ,m>si1 9 !   
f>!r ,abruzzo1 :]e ,francis 0 come to   
prea*1 a common soldi] press$ him s     
e>ne/ly to come & d9e ) him1 t he c\ld  
make no excuse4 ,he !re=e w5t1 ) "o     
companion1 :o 0 a prie/1--a circum/ance 
:i* 0 v s]viceable4 ,! poor family ( !  
soldi] hav+ receiv$ !m ) great joy1 !   
,sa9t began to pray1 z 0 8 cu/om1 & he  
_h 8 eyes con/antly rais$ to heav54 ,he 
!n said to ! soldi]1 privately1 ,my     
bro!r & my ho/1 y see ,i h acc$$ to y\r 
reque/ 9 com+ to d9e ) y4 ,n[1 foll[ my 
advice1 & make ha/e2 = x is n "h1 b     
else:]e1 t y w d9e4 ,confess y\r s9s ) z
 mu* exactness & sorr[ z y c2 ! ,"l w   
rew>d y = hav+ receiv$ ,8 poor ones )   
su* good religi\s int5tions4 ,! soldi]1 
plac+ confid5ce 9 :at ! s]vant ( ,god   
said to him1 made 8 confession to       
,francis' companion1 regulat$ 8 temporal
 affairs1 & prep>$ himself1 z well z he 

c\ld1 = dea?4 ,:5 t 0 done1 he sat d[n )
 ! o!rs at table1 & a m9ute aft]w>ds he 
expir$ sudd5ly4 ,!n 7 ! words ( !       
,gospel fulfill$1 t he :o %\ld receive a
 prophet z a prophet1 t is to say1 n    
see+ 9 him any o!r qualification1       
receives also ! rew>d ( ! prophet1      
inasmu* z ! pr$iction ( ,francis enabl$ 
him to =tify himself by p5ance aga9/    
dea?1 :i* he did n ?9k to be s ne> at   
h&4  ,x 0 probably 9 ?is apo/olic t\r t 
! ,s]vant ( ,god p]=m$ a miracle on !   
p]son ( ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 :o1 "u !       
dispositions ( ,div9e ,provid5ce2 0 to  
become "o ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s ( 8 *ildr54 
,he 0 born at ,bagn>ea 9 ,tuscany1 a t[n
 belong+ to ! ,ecclesia/ical ,/ates1 9 !
 ye> #abba1 & he 0 baptiz$ by ! "n (    
,john4 ,8 fa!r1 ,john ,fid5za1 &        
,ritella1 8 "m1 jo9$ to ! nobility ( _! 
bir? a l>ge fund ( piety4 ,9 8 infancy  
he 0 seiz$ ) a mortal illness1 ( :i* he 
0 cur$ by ,/4 ,francis1 :i* 0 "o ( !    
reasons :y he det]m9$ to write 8 ,life4 
,i %\ld fe>1 he says 9 8 preface to 8   

,leg5d1 t ,i %\ld be accus$ ( crim9al   
+ratitude if ,i neglect$ to publi% !    
praises ( him1 to :om ,i ackn[l$ge t ,i 
owe ! life ( my body & my s\l4  ,x is   
report$1 ) ! circum/ances :i* he himself
 may h told1 & ! memory ( :i* may h be5 
pres]v$ by tradition1 t 8 "m1 hav+ no   
fur!r hopes ( sav+ him by means (       
m$icam5ts1 came & pres5t$ him to ,/4    
,francis1 :o 0 r5[n$ 9 ,italy1 at t "t1 
= ! spl5dor ( 8 sanctity & 8 miracles2  
%e implor$ ! aid ( 8 pray]s1 & made a v[
 t1 if ! *ild 0 sav$1 %e w\ld give him  
to 8 ,ord]4 ,! holy man consol$ !       
afflict$ "m1 & obta9$ f ,god ! cure ( h]
 son1 to ! a/oni%m5t ( ! physicians1 :o 
_h deem$ 8 disord] incurable4 ,at !     
sight ( ?is miracul\s cure1 he said1 9 !
 ,italian language3 ,o buona v5tura6 ,h[
 =tunate6 f :5ce came ! "n (            
,bonav5ture2 & f9ally1 he =etold t !    
*ild w\ld become a great light 9 ! ,*ur*
 ( ,god1 & t ?r\gh him 8 ,ord] w\ld     
receive great increase ( sanctity4  ,9 !
 ye> #abdc1 be+ !n tw5ty-two ye>s old1  

he propos$ to fulfil 8 "m's v[1 & take !
 habit ( a ,fri> ,m9or4 ,?is is n !     
place to n>rate 8 illu/ri\s actions1 b  
we mu/ notice two rem>kable circum/ances
 :i* are connect$ ) ,/4 ,francis4  ,!   
fir/ is1 t1 z ?is bless$ ,patri>* be>s !
 "n ( ,s]aphic1 because ( ! ,div9e love 
) :i* he 0 inflam$1 :5 ,jesus ,*ri/1 "u 
! figure ( a s]aph1 impr9t$ on him !    
sacr$ /igmata1 s ,/4 ,bonav5ture has be5
 call$ ! ,s]aphic ,doctor1 because 8    
:ole doctr9e1 z well z 8 :ole life1     
brea!s ! fire ( *>ity4 ,x is a tor* :i* 
burns & illum9ates2 x influ5ces :ile    
in/ruct+2 :atev] tru?s he exp\nds1 he   
br+s back all to ,god by love1 &1 to    
def9e him prop]ly1 he %\ld be /yl$ !    
,s]aphic & ,*]ubic ,doctor4 ,tis ?us t  
,g]son1 ! ,*ancellor ( ! ,univ]sity (   
,p>is1 expresses himself4  ,if ,i am    
ask$1 he cont9ues1 :o among/ ! doctors  
seems to me ! be/ calculat$ to in/ruct1 
,i answ]1 )\t detract+ f any o!r1 x is  
,bonav5ture1 because he is sure1 solid1 
exact1 & dev\t1 at "o & ! same "t2 &    

sep>at+ f 8 !ology all que/ions =eign f 
! purpose1 all sup]flu\s dialectic1 & t 
obscurity ( t]ms ) :i* s _m o!rs load _!
 works1 he turns into piety all !       
beautiful lights he gives to ! m9d4 ,9 a
 ^w1 !re is n a doctr9e m mild1 m       
salut>y1 m sublime1 ?an 82 & 9 devotion 
alone c neglect x4 ,z to me1 he adds1   
hav+ recomm5c$ /udy+ x s9ce ,i am gr[n  
old1 ! m ,i advance ! m ,i am conf\nd$1 
& ,i say to myself3  ,:at is ! use ( s  
mu* talk+1 & s mu* writ+8 ,"h is a      
doctr9e :i* is q suffici5t ( itself1 & x
 is only necess>y to transcribe & to    
spread x into facts4'--,su* is ! op9ion 
( ! celebrat$ ,g]son z to ,/4           
,bonav5ture1 be=e he 0 canoniz$1 decl>$ 
a ,doctor ( ! ,*ur*1 & honor$ by ! title
 ( ,s]aphic1 :i* he %>es ) 8 bless$     
,fa!r4 ,! ,abbot ,tri!mius1 ( ! ,ord] ( 
,/4 ,b5$ict1 passes a simil> eulogium on
 him1 to :i* ! ,sov]eign ,pontiffs1     
,sixtus ,,iv4 & ,sixtus ,v41 h add$ !   
cr[n+ po9t 9 _! bulls1 ! "o = 8         
canonization1 ! o!r = 8 doctor%ip4  ,!  

second p>ticul>ity ( 8 life1 :i* _h     
relation to ,/4 ,francis1 is1 t he      
glori\sly v]ifi$ 8 pr$iction z to !     
fruits ( sanctity :i* he 0 to br+ to !  
,ord]4 ,hav+ be5 elect$ g5]al :5 he 0   
five & ?irty ye>s ( age1 9 consequ5ce ( 
8 great tal5ts & em95t virtues1 he      
gov]n$ 8 bre?r5 = eighte5 ye>s ) s mu*  
zeal1 light1 mildness1 & wisdom1 t he   
p]fectly made am5ds = ! evil :i* !      
relaxation ( "s & ! p]plexity ( o!rs _h 
occasion$4 ,he prep>$ su* judici\s      
regulations = ! =m ( gov]nm5t1 = !      
recital ( ! ,div9e ,(fice1 = ! regul>ity
 ( discipl9e1 t !y h s]v$ z a basis &   
f\ndation = all ! /atutes :i* h s9ce be5
 introduc$ into ! ,ord]4  ,he decid$ on 
! difficulties :i* occurr$ z to !       
obs]vation ( ! rules1 & ?is ) s mu*     
precision1 t1 9 ord] to foll[ !m exactly
 & consci5ti\sly1 )\t scruple1 x is only
 necess>y to practise :at he has cle>ly 
laid d[n4 ,he compos$ spiritual         
treatises1 s elevat$1 s in/ructive1 & s 
affect+1 t !y are alone suffici5t to    

guide ! ,fri>s ,m9ors1 or all o!r p]sons
 ( piety1 to ! sublime/ p]fection4 ,he  
answ]$1 ) s mu* /r5g? & judgm5t1 !      
philosoph]s ( 8 day1 :o attack$ !       
,m5dicant ,ord]s1 despite ( ! ,sov]eign 
,pontiffs1 by :om !y 7 approv$1 t 8     
works1 ) ^? ( ! ,angelic ,doctor1 ,/4   
,?omas ,aqu9as1 w ev] cov] ) confusion  
:osoev] may attempt to r5ew ! =m]       
disputes on ?is head4  ,! ex]tions :i*  
,/4 ,francis made1 dur+ a %ort int]val f
 pa91 = ! salvation ( s\ls1 9 an        
unfavorable season ( ! ye>1 increas$ all
 8 maladies4 ,8 legs became inflam$1 &  
he 0 oblig$ to lie by 9 a small hamlet  
ne> ,noc]a4 ,:5 ?is 0 kn[n at ,assisi1 !
 fe> !y _h le/ he %\ld die on ! way1 &  
le/ 8 c\ntry %\ld be depriv$ ( 8 preci\s
 rema9s1 induc$ ! au?orities to s5d     
means to br+ him into t[n4  ,?is        
deputation1 return+ ) ! pati5t1 arriv$  
at ! d9n] h\r 9 ! ,village ( ,s>?iano1  
:]e !y f\nd no?+ to be pur*as$ = _!     
meal1 al?\gh !y (f]$ a d\ble price = e  
?+ !y want$4 ,^u _! compla9+ ( ?is1     

,francis said3 ,y h n f\nd any?+1       
because y h _h great] confid5ce 9 y\r   
flies ?an 9 y\r ,"l 7he call$ _! money  
flies72 b return to ! h\ses :]e y h be51
 & ask !m humbly = alms1 (f]+ to pray to
 ,god = !m 9 paym5t4 ,don't ?9k1 "u     
false impressions1 t !re is any?+ mean  
or %ameful 9 ?is1 =1 s9ce s9 came into !
 _w1 all ! good :i* ,god s lib]ally     
be/[s on man1 on ! j1 & on s9n]s1 on !  
wor?y & unwor?y1 is done by means (     
alms1 & ,he is ! *ief almsgiv]4 ,^! m5  
ov]came _! ba%fulness1 & w5t *e]fully to
 beg = ! love ( ,god1 & got :atev] !y   
want$1 al?\gh !y _h n be5 able to obta9 
x = money2 ,god hav+ s t\*$ ! he>ts ( ! 
inhabitants1 t1 9 giv+ :at !y _h1 !y ev5
 (f]$ spontane\sly e s]vice4  ,! ,bi%op 
( ,assisi _h ! man ( ,god br\ght to 8   
palace1 & kept him !re till ! spr+ ( !  
ye> #abbf1 provid+ him ) ev]y?+ he      
requir$1 ) great affection4 ,"o day1 :5 
8 /oma* loa!d ev]y?+1 he express$ a wi% 
= a p>ticul> sort ( fi%1 :i* ! sev]ity (
 ! w9t] made x difficult to procure1 b1 

at ! v mom5t1 a mess5g] s5t by ,bro!r   
,g]ald1 ! gu>dian ( ! conv5t ( ,rieti1  
br\ght ?ree l>ge fi%es ( ?is species1 ) 
c]ta9 sauces :i* 7 calculat$ to %>p5 !  
appetite & /r5g!n ! pati5t4 ,?us x is t 
x sometimes pleases ! ,"l to give       
s5sible relief to ,8 fri5ds :o h        
neglect$ _! heal? & crucifi$ _! fle% =  
,8 sake4  ,! *ildr5 ( ! holy patri>*1 & 
p>ticul>ly ,elias1 8 vic>- g5]al1 :o saw
 t !re 0 no amelioration 9 ! /ate ( 8   
heal?1 b t1 on ! contr>y1 8 disord]s    
increas$ ) ! r5ewal ( ! ye>1 entreat$   
him to all[ himself to be remov$ to     
,si5na1 :]e ! mild climate & ! excell5ce
 ( ! physicians might af=d him "s       
relief1 if !re 7 no hopes ( a cure4 ,&  
!y urg$ ?is s en]getically1 t1 z he 0   
mild & oblig+1 he cons5t$ to be tak5    
?i!r at ! beg9n+ ( ,april4 ,b all 8 ills
 cont9u$1 & ! disord] ( 8 eyes 0 greatly
 increas$4 ,a r$-hot iron 0 aga9 appli$ 
to bo? sides ( 8 head1 f ! e>s to !     
eyebr[s1 b ?is _h no good effect1 ?\gh  
he suff]$ no pa9 f x1 ,god hav+ r5ew$ ! 

miracle ,he _h be=e p]=m$ 9 8 favor4  ,s
 ! mild air ( ,si5na1 & ! k9d c>e ( !   
physicians1 did n prev5t ! suff]+s (    
,francis f cont9u+ & increas+4 ,dur+ "o 
night he vomit$ s mu* blood1 & he 0 to  
su* a degree weak5$ f x1 t x 0 ?\ght he 
0 ab\t to expire4 ,8 *ildr51 ca/ d[n & 9
 te>s1 came to him1 l ! disciples ( ,/4 
,m>t91 :5 he 0 on ! po9t ( dea?1 & said 
to him1 sobb+3--  ,de> ,fa!r & ,ma/]1 we
 are greatly di/ress$ to see y suff] s  
int5sely1 b we are likewise afflict$ =  
ourselves4 ,aft] all y\r labors y are   
ab\t to g to ! enjoym5t ( et]nal repose1
 b we %all rema9 )\t our ,fa!r & ,pa/or1
 y h begott5 u 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ by !      
doctr9e ( ! ,gospel1 & we are sc>cely   
born be=e we lose y4 ,:o w in/ruct u8   
,:o w console u8 ,y h be5 ev]y?+ to u1  
y\r pres5ce has be5 our happ9ess4 ,to   
:om d y consign u1 9 ! desolate /ate 9  
:i* we are8 ,alas6 we =esee t aft] y\r  
dep>ture rav5\s wolves w invade y\r     
flock4 ,leave u1 at lea/1 some?+ ( y\rs 
to rem9d u ( y\r in/ructions1 9 ord] t  

we may foll[ !m :5 y are no m2 & give u 
y\r bless+1 :i* may be our %ield aga9/  
our enemies4  ,! holy patri>*1 ca/+ 8   
eyes affectionately on 8 *ildr51 call$  
out to ,bro!r ,b5$ict ( ,piratro1 :o 0 8
 infirm>ian1 & :o1 dur+ 8 illness1 said 
,mass 9 8 room3 ,prie/ ( ,god1 said he1 
commit to writ+ ! bless+ ,i give to all 
my bre?r51 z well to ^? :o are n[ 9 !   
,ord]1 z to ^? :o %all embrace x to !   
end ( ! _w4 ,z my great suff]+s &       
extreme weakness prev5t me f speak+1 "h 
are 9 a few words my int5tions & la/    
wi%es3 ',may all ! bre?r5 love ea* o!r z
 ,i h lov$ !m1 & z ,i n[ love !m4 ,may  
!y always *]i% & adh]e to pov]ty1 :i* is
 my lady & my mi/ress2 & nev] let !m    
cease f be+ submissive & fai?fully      
atta*$ to ! prelates & all ! cl]gy4 ,may
 ! ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/ bless &   
protect !m6 ,am54'  ,8 suff]+s be+ 9 "s 
degree modifi$1 & 8 weakness no long] s 
int5se1 8 zeal induc$ him to ?9k (      
in/ruct+ & exhort+ ! abs5t1 =1 by !     
example ( ! ,son ( ,god1 he lov$ 8 own  

ev5 to ! la/4  ,z soon z ,bro!r ,elias1 
! vic>-g5]al1 le>nt ! extreme dang] 9   
:i* ! ,fa!r 01 he came 9 great ha/e to  
,si5na1 & propos$ to him to be remov$ to
 ! conv5t ( ,celles1 ne> ,cortona4      
,francis 0 v glad to see him1 & 0 q     
will+ to be remov$ to ,celles1 :]e he 0 
att5d$ ) great c>e by ! relations &     
fri5ds ( ,elias1 :o 7 ( t c\ntry4 ,b1 z 
he became swoll51 & ! suff]+s ( 8 /oma* 
& liv] 7 greatly increas$1 he reque/$ to
 be tak5 to ,assisi2 :i* ! vic>-g5]al _h
 done ) all ! c>e & precaution possible4
 ,8 return 0 a s\rce ( extraord9>y      
gratification to ! inhabitants1 :o _h   
be5 fe>ful ( be+ depriv$ ( s great a    
treasure _h he di$ else:]e4 ,!y w5t 9   
cr[ds to meet him1 ) great expressions (
 pleasure1 & ! bi%op receiv$ him aga9   
into 8 palace4  ,be=e we put on record !
 la/ acts & preci\s dea? ( ,/4 ,francis1
 x w be prop] to notice ! /ate 9 :i* 8  
,ord] 0 at t "t4 ,!re 7 "s ( 8 bre?r5 9 
all p>ts ( ! kn[n _w4 ,9 ,europe1 !y    
fill$ all ,italy4 ,greece furni%$ !m a  

prov9ce4 ,! e/eem ( ! great1 & ! love ( 
! p1 procur$ = !m1 daily1 new h\ses 9   
,spa91 ,portugal1 ,france1 ! ,l[        
,c\ntries1 & ,engl&4 ,!y _h spread into 
,scotl&1 & began to be receiv$ 9 ,irel&4
 ,bro!r ,alb]t1 ( ,pisa1 _h s5t         
mission]s into ,upp] & ,l[] ,g]many1 )  
great success4 ,!y _h p5etrat$ into     
,pol&1 & into ! c\ntries ( ! ,nor?4 ,9  
,asia1 ^? :om ! holy ,patri>* _h left1 )
 o!rs :o foll[$1 multipli$ ! missions   
among ! ,s>ac5s4 ,9 ,africa !y cont9u$  
to prea* ,jesus ,*ri/ to ! ,mohamm$ans1 
& we see by lett]s dat$ f ,rieti1 ! #g? 
,octob]1 #abbe1 :i* ,pope ,honorius     
address$ to ! ,fri>s ,prea*]s & ,m9ors1 
de/9$ by ! ,apo/olic ,see = ! mission   
into ! k+dom ( ! ,miramol91 t !y r5\nc$ 
!mselves1 & desir$ to sacrifice _! lives
 = ,jesus ,*ri/1 9 ord] to ga9 s\ls =   
,him4  ,! ,second ,ord] in/itut$ by     
,francis1 & call$ t ( ! ,poor ,dames1   
spread itself also ?r\gh\t ,europe1 & ! 
,?ird ,ord] ( ,p5ance made /up5d\s      
progress4  ,! *ildr5 ( ?is holy         

,patri>*1 be+ ?us spread 9 all p>ts1    
prea*$ ! ,gospel to ! infidels1 repress$
 h]esies1 attack$ vice1 inspir$ virtue1 
& gave admirable examples ( pov]ty1     
humility1 p5ance1 & all p]fection4      
,an?ony1 ( ,padua1 prea*$ 9 ,italy &    
,france ) s mu* lu/re1 t he has ev] be5 
consid]$ z "o ( ! mo/ m>vell\s prea*]s  
:om ,italy ev] saw4 ,! /r5g? & ! unction
 ( 8 disc\rses1 ! em95t sanctity ( 8    
life1 ! evid5ce ( 8 miracles1 *ang$ !   
face ( ! t[ns 9 :i* he ann\nc$ ! ^w (   
,god4 ,8 auditors1 p5etrat$ )           
conjunction1 & bur/+ into te>s1 excit$  
ea* o!r to works ( p5ance2 ! rev5geful1 
! lascivi\s1 ! av>ici\s1 ! usur]s became
 conv]t$1 & resort$ s to ! tribunals (  
p5ance t ! numb] ( prie/s 7 insuffici5t 
to he> ! confessions4  ,9 ! ye> #abbe he
 came to ,t\l\se1 & visit$ o!r t[ns (   
,france1 :]e 8 pr9cipal object 0 to     
confront ! h]etics4 ,animat$ ) ! same _s
 :i* inspir$ 8 ,fa!r1 ,francis1 ) s     
p]fect an atta*m5t to ! ,roman ,*ur*1 & 
! ,holy ,see1 he 0 ! decl>$ enemy ( all 

errors1 & he labor$ ) all 8 /r5g? to    
root !m out4 ,by quotations f ! ,holy   
,scriptures1 ) :i* he 0 intimately      
conv]sant1 & ! s5se ( :i* he p]fectly   
und]/ood1 & by ! solidity ( 8 reason+1  
he conf\nd$ ! sect>ians1 & creat$ a     
great horror ( ! false doctr9es !y      
taught4 ,) admirable tact he discov]$ _!
 artifices & frauds1 :i* he laid be=e ! 
p1 to pres]ve !m f _! s$uction2 &1 9    
f9e1 he pursu$ !m ) s mu* vigor &       
p]sev]ance1 t ! fai?ful gave him ! "n ( 
! indefatigable mallet ( ! h]etics2 none
 ( !m v5tur$ to ent] ! li/s ) him1 n ev5
 to say a ^w 9 8 pres5ce4  ,god favor$  
him by conv]t+ a v great numb] ( _!     
support]s1 &1 :at is v s+ul>1 _m ( !    
heads ( _! p>ty4 ,at ,b\rges a man ^: "n
 0 ,guiald1 & :om ! hi/orian calls an   
h]esi>*1 0 s conv9c$ by ! p[] ( 8 words1
 & by a m>k$ miracle ( ! real pres5ce ( 
,jesus ,*ri/ 9 ! ,eu*>i/1 t he p]sev]$  
till dea? 9 ! ,ca?olic fai?1 & 9        
submission to ! ,*ur*4 ,ano!r nam$      
,bonneville1 or ,banal1 :o is also /at$ 

to h be5 an h]esi>*1 :o _h be5 ?irty    
ye>s buri$ 9 ! d>kness ( errors1 0      
conv]t$ 9 a simil> mann] at ,rim9i by ! 
s]mons ( ,/4 ,an?ony1 & _h a l          
p]sev]ance4  ,! /ate 9 :i*1 z we h j    
%[n1 ,/4 ,francis left 8 ,ord] :5 on !  
po9t ( dea?1 mu/ be look$ ^u z "o ( !   
pr9cipal m>vels ( 8 life4 ,god _h       
pr$e/9$ him = ?is great "w2 he labor$ at
 x = eighte5 ye>s )\t ceas+1 ) all      
possible assiduity1 &1 on ! eve ( quitt+
 ?is _w1 he might say1 9 con=m+ himself 
to ,jesus ,*ri/1 aft] hav+ pr(it$ by ,8 
grace3 ,i h glorifi$ ,!e on e>?2 ,i h   
f9i%$ ! "w ,?\ gave/ me to d1 ,i n[ g to
 ,!e4 ,happy ! ,*ri/ian ^: consci5ce    
be>s him ?us out on ! b$ ( dea?1 :o c   
say t he has endeavor$ to d :at ,god    
requir$ ( him1 & fulfill$ ! duties ( 8  
pr(ession4     ,,book ,v   ,! cruel &   
cont9u$ pa9 "u :i* ! holy ,patri>*      
suff]$1 did n prev5t 8 giv+ in/ruction  
to 8 *ildr51 8 provid+ = _! spiritual   
wants1 & 8 answ]+1 ) admirable pres5ce (
 m9d1 to v>i\s que/ions :i* 7 put to him

 relative to ! obs]vance ( ! ,rule1 & ! 
gov]nm5t ( ! ,ord]4  ,he spoke z freely1
 & ) z mu* composure1 z if he felt no   
inconv5i5ce4 ,z 8 body became weak]1 8  
m9d seem$ to acquire fre% vigor4  ,"o   
day1 :5 8 suff]+s 7 greatly aggravat$1  
he saw t ! bro!rs took great pa9s 9     
endeavor+ to af=d him relief1 & fe>+ t  
fatigue w\ld cause "s ( ^? :o 7 ab\t him
 to become impati5t1 or t !y might      
compla9 t _! att5dance on him prev5t$ !m
 f obs]v+ _! spiritual ex]cises1 he     
address$ !m affectionately1 say+3 ,my   
de> *ildr51 d n tire ( ! tr\ble y take =
 me1 = our ,"l w rew>d y1 bo? 9 ?is life
 & 9 ! next1 = all y d = ,8 little      
s]vant2 & if my illness takes up y\r "t1
 be assur$ t y w ga9 m f x1 ?an if y 7  
to labor = y\rselves1 because ! aid y   
give me is giv5 to ! entire ,ord] & to !
 lives ( ! bre?r54 ,i also assure y t   
,god w be y\r debtor = all t y w d = me4
  ,x is v true t ^? :o assi/$ ! ,sa9t 9 
8 illness labor$ = ! entire ,ord]1 & = !
 spiritual life ( 8 bre?r51 because !y  

aid$ 9 ! pres]vation ( him :o 0 s       
necess>y to 8 ,ord]2 & !y put x 9 8 p[] 
to give fur!r in/ructions to 8 bre?r5 :o
 7 n[ 9 x1 & to ^? :o 7 to ent] x 9     
future4  ,on ano!r occasion1 :5 8       
suff]+s 7 app>5tly br++ him to          
extremity1 "o ( 8 infirm>ians said to   
him3 ,bro!r1 pray t ,god may treat y )  
less sev]ity1 = x seems t ,8 h& presses 
too sev]ely ^u y4 ,at ^! words ,francis 
exclaim$ 9 a l\d voice3 ,if1 said he1 ,i
 0 n aw>e ( ! simplicity & uprightness (
 y\r he>t1 ,i %\ld n d>e to rema9 9 !   
same h\se ) y f ?is in/ant4 ,y h _h !   
ra%ness to criticise ! judgm5ts ( ,god 9
 my reg>d2 & imm$iately1 not)/&+ ! weak 
/ate 9 :i* he 01 he ?rew himself on !   
gr\nd ) su* viol5ce t 8 worn-out bones 7
 all bruis$2 he kiss$ ! gr\nd &         
exclaim$3 ,my ,god1 ,i return ,!e ?anks 
= ! pa9s ,i endure1 & ,i pray ,!e to add
 to !m an hundr$-fold1 if su* %\ld be   
,?y good pleasure4 ,x w be pleas+ to me 
to "k t1 9 afflict+ me1 ,?\ do/ n sp>e  
me1 = ! greate/ consolation ,i c enjoy  

is1 t ,?y holy w %all be fulfill$4 ,he  
_h 9 8 suff]+s simil> feel+s to ^? (    
holy ,job1 & he express$ himself 9 a    
simil> mann]4 ,ought n all ,*ri/ians to 
h su* feel+s 9 _! illnesses & o!r       
afflictions8 ,are ! sa9ts n to be       
imitat$ 9 ?is8 ,may we n1 by ! grace (  
,god1 :i* assur$ly w n be want+1        
practice ^? virtues by :i* !y became    
sa9ts8  ,cl>e & h] daught]s1 he>+ t _!  
fa!r 0 s dang]\sly ill1 s5t to express  
to him ! grief :i* x caus$ !m1 & !y     
entreat$ him to mitigate _! sorr[ by    
s5d+ !m at lea/ 8 bless+4 ,! holy       
,patri>*1 full ( t5d]ness = ^! pi\s     
virg9s1 & sympa?iz+ 9 _! grief1 & 9 t   
:i* !y w\ld feel on 8 dea?1 s5t !m "s   
v]ses he _h compos$ 9 ! praise ( ! ,"l1 
& add$ to !m a lett] ( exhortation1 9   
:i* d\btless he gave !m 8 bless+ mo/    
amply2 b ?is is n f\nd 9 8 works4 ,we   
f9d only ! foll[+ fragm5t1 :i* may      
belong to ! lett] he _h writt5 to !m at 
t "t3--  ,i1 ,bro!r ,francis1 little    
man1 ,i *oose to foll[ ! example ( !    

life & pov]ty ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 our mo/   
high ,"l1 & t ( ,8 holy ,"m1 & to       
p]sev]e 9 x to ! end4 ,i beg y also1 all
 y :om ,i consid] z my ,ladies1 & ,i    
recomm5d y to con=m y\rselves at all    
times to ?is life & to ?is pov]ty1 !    
sanctity ( :i* is s great4 ,be c>eful n 
to sw]ve f x 9 ! lea/1 nor to li/5 to   
any advice1 nor to any?+ :i* may be said
 to contrav5e x4  ,! olde/ hi/orians ( !
 ,ord] say t1 9 ! lett] he s5t !m %ortly
 be=e 8 dea?1 he entreat$ !m1 t1 z ! ,"l
 _h br\ght !m toge!r f _m places1 9 ord]
 t !y might apply !mselves to ! practice
 ( ! sacr$ virtues ( *>ity1 humility1   
pov]ty1 & ob$i5ce1 !y %\ld use e ef=t to
 pass _! lives accord+ly1 & to die 9    
holy p]s]v]ance4 ,he exhorts ^? ( 8     
si/]s :o 7 suff]+ f sickness1 to h      
pati5ce "u _! ills4 ,& because he knew  
h[ au/]e !y 71 he recomm5d$ !m to use ) 
discretion1 & ) joy & ?ankfulness1 !    
alms :i* ,div9e ,provid5ce s5t !m4 ,he  
promis$ ,cl>e t %e %\ld see him1 &1 9   
fact1 aft] 8 dea? %e & h] daught]s did  

see him1 z %all h]eaft] be relat$4  ,!  
same writ]s add1 t he _h always ent]ta9$
 peculi> affection & reg>d = ^! holy    
religi\s females1 ?9k+ t ! hol9ess ( _! 
life1 :i* _h be5 f ! beg9n+ "o ( great  
pov]ty & mortification1 reflect$ glory  
on ! religi\s /ate1 & 0 a s\rce ( great 
edification to ! :ole ,*ur*4 ,he wrote  
to !m sev]al o!r times1 to enc\rage !m 9
 virtue1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ! love ( pov]ty1
 z we f9d 9 ! w ( ,/4 ,cl>e1 b ! lett]s 
are n extant4  ,ev5 to ?is day we are   
s5sible ( ! tru? ( :at he said2 no?+ is 
m glori\s = ! regul> /ate1 & no?+ m     
edify+ = ! :ole ,*ur*1 ?an to see ! nuns
 ( ,/4 ,cl>e1 :o keep ! rule ( _! ,ord] 
)\t ! slighte/ mitigation1 :o r5\nce !  
possession ( any prop]ty :atsoev]1 :e!r 
private or 9 common1 :o live :olly on   
alms1 & 9 su* a /ate ( rigor\s au/]ity1 
t ! /rong] sex w\ld f9d to be q appall+4
  ,z soon z x 0 kn[n 9 ,assisi t ! holy 
man 0 at ! po9t ( dea?1 ! magi/rates    
plac$ gu>ds r\nd ! episcopal palace1 )  
ord]s to keep /rict wat*1 le/ 8 body    

%\ld be tak5 away ! mom5t he %\ld h     
expir$1 & ?us ! city w\ld be depriv$ ( s
 preci\s a treasure4  ,! physician1 ^:  
"n 0 ,john ,lebon1 a native ( ,arezzo1  
communicat$ to him t dea? 0 approa*+2 8 
bre?r5 told him ! same ?+4 ,full ( joy1 
he began to praise ,god1 & hav+ caus$ "s
 ( ! *oir-s+]s to be call$ 91 he sang ) 
!m 9 a l\d voice ! la/ v]ses :i* he _h  
add$ to ! ,canticle ( ! ,sun3 ,be       
prais$1 ,o ,"l6 = dea?1 our si/]--:i* no
 man liv+ on e>? c escape4  ,elias1 ^:  
?\ghts 7 always gov]n$ by human prud5ce1
 0 fe>ful le/ 8 s++ %\ld be consid]$ a  
weakness ( m9d aris+ f ! fe> ( dea?1 &  
entreat$ him to /op4 ,bro!r1 repli$     
,francis1 ) extraord9>y f]vor1 p]mit me 
to rejoice 9 ! ,"l1 & to ?ank ,him = !  
great tranquillity ( my consci5ce4 ,i   
am1 ?r\gh ,8 m]cy & ,8 grace1 s unit$ to
 my ,god1 t ,i h j reason to manife/ !  
joy t ,he gives me1 :o is ! high & mo/  
lib]al ,giv] ( all good gifts2 & d n    
imag9e t ,i am s want+ 9 c\rage z to    
tremble at ! approa* ( dea?4  ,he _h 8  

*ildr5 br\ght to him1 & he bless$ ea* "o
 ( !m z ! ,patri>* ,jacob _h done1 giv+ 
to ea* an appropriate bless+4 ,!n1 aft] 
! example ( ,moses1 :o bless$ all !     
fai?ful ,israelites1 he gave a g5]al &  
ample bless+ to ! :ole ,ord]4  ,z he _h 
/ret*$ 8 arms "o ov] ! o!r 9 ! =m ( a   
cross1 z ,jacob _h done 9 bless+ !      
*ildr5 ( ,joseph1 8 "r h& came ^u ! head
 ( ,elias1 :o 0 kneel+ on 8 left4 ,he   
ask$ :o x 01 = 8 sight 0 q gone1 & be+  
answ]$ t x 0 ,bro!r ,elias1 he said3    
',tis well1 my "r h& is prop]ly plac$ on
 him4 ,my son1 ,i bless y 9 all & above 
all4 ,inasmu* z "u y\r h& ! ,mo/ ,high  
has increas$ ! numb] ( my bre?r5 &      
*ildr51 ?us ,i bless !m all 9 y4 ,may   
,god1 ! ,sov]eign ,"l ( all ?+s1 bless y
 9 ,heav5 & on e>?6 ,z = me1 ,i bless y 
z f> z is 9 my p[]1 & ev5 m ?an t--may  
,god :o c d all1 d 9 y :at ,i _c6 ,i    
pray t ,god may be> 9 m9d y\r labors &  
y\r works1 & t ,he may give y a %>e 9 ! 
rew>ds ( ! j1 t y may obta9 ! bless+s y 
wi% =2 & may :at y solicit wor?ily be   

fulfill$6  ,! read] may p]haps be       
surpris$ t ,francis1 :o knew ,bro!r     
,elias1 & :o _h le>nt by revelation t he
 0 to die out ( ! ,ord]1 %\ld h giv5 him
 a %>e 9 8 bless+2 b we mu/ recollect t 
,he :o enlight5s ! sa9ts1 inspires !m ) 
views simil> to ,8 own4 ,he loves &     
favors ^? :o are 9 a /ate ( grace1      
al?\gh ,he =esees ! great s9s !y w      
commit h]eaft]4 ,:at affection _h ,he n 
= ,david1 & :at favors did ,he n heap ^u
 him be=e he became guilty ( ! adult]y &
 homicide :i* r5d]$ him s crim9al6 ,?us1
 9 a mann]1 ! holy ,patri>*1 9 bless+   
,elias1 only _h 9 consid]ation ! good   
dispositions 9 :i* he believ$ him to be 
at t "t1 indep5d5t ( ! future1 :i* ,god 
_h reveal$ to him1 & :i* 0 n to guide   
him 9 ?is in/ance4 ,moreov]1 ,elias 0 8 
vic>-g5]al1 & 0 s by an ord] f on high2 
he _h labor$ usefully 9 ! works ( ! ,"l2
 ! tal5ts he possess$ put x 9 8 p[] to d
 /ill m good s]vice2 we _c d5y t he 0   
s9c]ely & t5d]ly atta*$ to 8 ,fa!r1 & t 
he _h an ard5t zeal3--all ^!            

circum/ances unit$ might h induc$ !     
,sa9t to give him an ample bless+1 nor 0
 x )\t good effect1 s9ce he di$ 9       
s5tim5ts ( true rep5tance4  ,! man (    
,god f9d+ ! day ( 8 dea?1 :i* ,jesus    
,*ri/ _h reveal$ to him1 draw ne>1 said 
to 8 bre?r5 9 ! words ( ! ,pr9ce ( !    
,apo/les3 ,! lay+ away ( ?is my         
tab]nacle is at h&2 & he begg$ !m to h  
himself tak5 to ! ,conv5t ( ,/4 ,m>y ( !
 ,angels1 wi%+1 z ,/4 ,bonav5ture       
rem>ks1 to r5d] up ! _s :i* _h giv5 life
 to him1 9 ! place :]e he _h receiv$ !  
,_s ( grace4 ,he 01 !re=e1 remov$1      
accord+ to 8 desire2 & :5 he _h come to 
! place betwe5 ! t[n & ! conv5t1 he ask$
 if !y _h rea*$ ! hospital ( ! lep]s1 &1
 z ^? :o 7 c>ry+ him repli$ 9 !         
affirmative1 he said3 ,turn me n[ t[>ds 
! t[n1 & set me d[n on ! gr\nd4 ,!n     
rais+ himself ^u ! litt]1 he pray$ =    
,assisi1 & = all its inhabitants4 ,he   
likewise %$ te>s1 9 consid]+ ! ills :i* 
w\ld come ^u ! city1 dur+ ! w>s :i* he  
=esaw1 & he !n gave x ?is bless+3 ,be   

ble/ by ! ,"l1 ,o city1 fai?ful to ,god6
 because _m s\ls w be sav$ 9 !e & by !e4
 ,a great numb] ( ! s]vants ( ! ,mo/    
,high w dwell )9 ?y walls1 & among !    
numb] ( ?y artisans n a few w be *os5 = 
et]nal life4  ,"s "t aft] 8 arrival at  
,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels1 he call$ = pap] & 
ink1 t he might acqua9t ,dame ,jacquel9e
 de ,septisal ( ! proximity ( 8 dea?3 %e
 0 ! illu/ri\s ,roman wid[ :o 0 s mu*   
atta*$ to him4 ,x is "r1 he said1 t1    
dy+1 ,i %\ld give t consolation to a    
p]son :o af=d$ me s _m consolations dur+
 my life4 ,?is is :at he dictat$ = h]3  
,to ! lady ,jacquel9e1 ! s]vant ( ! ,mo/
 ,high1 ,bro!r ,francis1 ! poor little  
s]vant ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 s5ds greet+s1 &  
communication ) ! ,holy ,gho/1 9 ,jesus 
,*ri/4  ,"k1 my v de> lady1 t ,jesus    
,*ri/1 bless$ = ev]1 has done me ! favor
 to reveal to me ! end ( my life3 x is v
 ne>4 ,= :i* reason1 if y wi% to see me 
alive1 set out z soon z y %all h receiv$
 ?is lett]1 & ha/5 to ,/4 ,m>y ( !      
,angels1 =1 if y arrive lat] ?an        

,saturday1 y w f9d me dead4 ,br+ ) y "s 
/uff1 or r1 a sackclo?1 to cov] my body1
 & "s wax-lights = my fun]al4 ,pray br+ 
also "s ( ^? comfits :i* y gave me :5 ,i
 0 sick at ,rome4  ,at ^! words he      
/opp$1 hav+ 8 eyes rais$ to ,heav54 ,he 
said x 0 n necess>y to g on ) ! lett]1  
nor to s5d a mess5g]1 because ! lady _h 
set out1 & 0 br++ ) h] all t 0 requir$2 
&1 9 fact1 %e arriv$ %ortly aft] ) h]   
two sons & a consid]able suite1 br++ )  
h] ! /uff1 a quantity ( wax-lights1 &   
c]ta9 electu>ies :i* 7 com=t+ = ! /oma*4
  ,! religi\s ask$ h] h[ %e c\ld h come 
s opportunely1 )\t hav+ _h notice giv5  
h]1 & h[ %e came to br+ all t 0         
requisite = ! "t4 ,%e told !m t dur+ !  
night %e _h receiv$ an ord] f ,heav51 & 
t an angel _h reque/$ h] n to leave out 
any ( ! ?+s :i* _h be5 desir$4  ,on     
,friday1 ,octob] ! #d?1 ,francis aga9   
collect$ all 8 bre?r5 toge!r1 bless$ !m 
a second "t1 & hav+ bless$ a loaf (     
bread ) ! sign ( ! cross1 he gave to ea*
 a piece z a symbol ( union & frat]nal  

*>ity4 ,!y all p>took ( x ) great       
devotion1 repres5t+ to !mselves1 9 ?is  
repa/ ( love1 ! la/ supp] :i* ,jesus    
,*ri/ ate ) ,8 disciples4 ,bro!r ,elias1
 :o wept bitt]ly1 0 ! only "o :o did n  
eat 8 portion1 :i* 0 p]haps a m\rnful   
=ebod+ ( ! division he 0 to introduce   
into ! ,ord]4 ,9 tru?1 he kept ! piece  
he _h receiv$ f _! ,fa!r respectfully 9 
8 h&2 b1 z if he _h ca/ aside ! *>ity   
:i* 0 (f]$ him1 in/ead (1 at lea/1 keep+
 ! morsel ( bread1 he gave x to ,bro!r  
,leo1 :o ask$ him = x4 ,great c>e 0 tak5
 = its pres]vation1 & ,god p]mitt$ t x  
%\ld be subsequ5tly us$ = ! cure ( _m   
maladies4  ,all ! bro!rs _h melt$ into  
te>s1 & ! holy ,patri>* inquir$ :]e     
,b]n>d1 8 elde/ son1 04 ,& ,b]n>d hav+  
drawn ne>1 he said3 ,come1 my son1 t ,i 
may bless y be=e ,i die4 ,feel+ t he 0  
kneel+ on 8 left1 :ile ,bro!r ,giles 0  
on 8 "r1 he put 8 h&s aga9 crosswise1 s 
t 8 "r h& came on ! head ( ,b]n>d1 to   
:om he gave ?is bless+3--  ,may ! ,fa!r 
( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ bless y ) all !  

spiritual bless+s :i* ,he has %$ f on   
high on ,8 ,son4 ,z y 7 *os5 ! fir/ to  
give good example ( ! ,evangelical law 9
 ?is ,ord]1 & to imitate ! pov]ty (     
,jesus ,*ri/1 to :om y g5]\sly (f]$ y\r 
goods & y\r p]son 9 ! odor ( sweetness1 
s may y be bless$ by our ,"l ,jesus     
,*ri/1 & by ,8 poor s]vant2 & may y be s
 bless$ 9 y\r go+ out & com+ 91 wak+ or 
sleep+1 liv+ & dy+4 ,may he :o blesses  
y1 be fill$ ) bless+s2 & may he :o      
curses y1 n rema9 unpuni%$4 ,be ! "l (  
y\r bre?r51 & let !m be all subject to  
y4 ,let all ^? :om y %all approve1 be   
admitt$ into ! ,ord]1 & all :om y %all  
reject1 be reject$4 ,let no "o h        
au?ority ov] y1 s t y may be at lib]ty  
to g & dwell :]e y ?9k prop]4  ,b]n>d   
hav+ retir$1 ) 8 eyes ba!d 9 te>s1      
,francis said to ! o!rs3 ,my int5tion   
is1 & ,i direct t :oev] may be appo9t$  
m9i/] g5]al1 may s love & honor ,bro!r  
,b]n>d z myself1 & t all ! prov9cial    
m9i/]s1 z well z all ! bre?r5 ( ?is     
,ord]1 may look ^u him z !y h done on   

me2 9 fact1 ,i leave him to y z ! half (
 my s\l4 ,!re are few :o are able to    
appreciate 8 virtue3 x is s great1 t    
,satan nev] ceases f tempt+ him1 mole/+ 
him1 & lay+ sn>es = him4 ,b1 by ,god's  
help1 he w get ! bett] ( all1 to ! great
 pr(it ( 8 s\l1 & he w f9d himself 9 an 
extraord9>y mann] 9 p]fect tranquillity4
 ,^? :o 7 pres5t1 & :o aft]w>ds liv$ )  
,b]n>d1 witness$ ! fulfilm5t ( ^!       
pr$ictions4 ,8 em95t sanctity1 well kn[n
 to ,francis1 & ( :i* he =esaw !        
p]sev]ance1 0 ! reason :y he ord]$ !    
o!rs to respect him z _! ma/]1 & :y he  
r5d]$ him indep5d5t1 9 ord] t he might h
 full leisure to give himself up to     
contemplation1 :i* _h su* *>ms = him4 ,=
 a simil> reason1 he gave him p[] to    
admit or reject novices1 z 8 prud5ce    
%\ld dictate3 a privilege :i* 0 ! m     
appropriate1 z ,b]n>d _h be5 ! fir/ to  
ent] into ! ,ord]4  ,/4 ,bonav5ture is  
sil5t z to ! mann] & f]vor ) :i* !      
,s]vant ( ,god receiv$ ! la/ sacram5ts1 
foll[+ 9 t ! me?od ( _m old au?ors :o1 9

 ! lives ( sa9ts1 only notice ^? ?+s :i*
 are peculi> & m>vell\s1 )\t speak+ ( ! 
common & ord9>y actions ( all ,*ri/ians4
 ,b we h only to be> 9 m9d ! great      
respect ,/4 ,francis _h = all !         
practices ( ! ,*ur*2 ! _s ( p5ance by   
:i* he 0 animat$2 ! vivid & t5d]        
affections ( 8 he>t t[>ds ! ,passion ( !
 ,son ( ,god1 & ! my/]y ( ! ,holy       
,eu*>i/2 ! ardor ( 8 zeal to cause      
,jesus ,*ri/ to be ador$ 9 ! augu/      
sacram5t1 & rev]$ 9 all t relat$ to x2 8
 eag]ness 9 recomm5d+ ! frequ5t approa* 
to ! ,holy ,communion1 & ! con/ant      
rec\rse he himself _h to ?is balm = !   
s\l1 s t = fe> ( be+ depriv$ ( x1 he    
*ose to h ,mass said 9 8 own room dur+ 8
 illnesses3--all ^! recollections1 be+  
unit$1 are demon/rations ( :at mu/ h be5
 ! dispositions ( ! ,sa9t :5 ! la/      
sacram5ts 7 adm9i/]$ to him4  ,he       
p>ticul>ly desir$ all 8 bre?r5 to h a   
peculi> v5]ation = ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,m>y ( 
! ,angels1 because x _h be5 reveal$ t ! 
,bless$ ,virg9 _h a s+ul> affection =   

?is *ur* among all ^? :i* 7 d$icat$ to  
h] "n1 & ^u ?is subject he spoke z      
foll[s1 ) great animation3--  ,x is my  
desire t ?is place %all be always "u !  
direction ( ! p]son :o %all be          
m9i/]-g5]al & s]vitor ( ! ,ord]2 & t !  
m9i/] %all be c>eful to select = its    
s]vice only good & holy bre?r52 & t !   
cl]ics :o %all be appo9t$ to x %all be  
tak5 f ^? ( ! ,ord] :o are ! be/ & !    
holie/1 & are ! be/ in/ruct$ = !        
celebration ( ! ,div9e ,(fices1 s t _!  
bre?r5 & ! secul>s may be edifi$ 9 see+ 
& he>+ !m4 ,let !m also be p>ticul> 9   
*oos+ ! lay bre?r5 to be plac$ !re2 let 
!m be discreet1 mild1 & humble m51 ^:   
lives are holy1 :o %all s]ve ! o!rs )\t 
ent]+ into idle disc\rse1 n talk ( !    
news1 or :at is pass+ 9 ! _w1 nor ( any 
?+ :i* does n relate to ! salvation (   
s\ls4 ,x is also my desire t none ( !   
bre?r5 %all come "h except ! m9i/]-g5]al
 & 8 companions1 & t no secul> %all be  
admitt$1 9 ord] t ^? belong+ to ! place 
may ! bett] pres]ve !mselves 9 purity & 

hol9ess1 & t ! place itself may rema9   
pure & holy1 be+ solely devot$ to s++ ! 
praises ( ! ,"l4 ,:5 ,god %all be pleas$
 to call any "o ( !m to ,himself1 ,i    
desire t ! m9i/]-g5]al may s5d ano!r ^: 
life %all be equally holy4 ,my int5tion 
is1 t1 if ! bre?r5 %all sw]ve f ! pa? ( 
p]fection1 ?is place %all be ev] ble/1 &
 %all rema9 z ! example & model = ! :ole
 ,ord]2 z a beautiful tor* be=e ! ?rone 
( ,god1 & be=e ! alt> ( ! ,bless$       
,virg91 :]e lamps %all be ev] burn+1 to 
obta9 f ! goodness ( ,god t ,he may     
grant ,8 p>don to ! bre?r5 = all _!     
faults1 & pres]ve & protect ?is ,ord]   
:i* ,he has plant$ ) ,8 own h&4  ,my    
*ildr51 he cont9u$1 be c>eful nev] to   
ab&on ?is spot1 & if y are driv5 out on 
"o side1 return by ! opposite "o2 = x is
 holy1 x is ! dwell+-place ( ,jesus     
,*ri/1 & ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 ,8 ,"m4 ,x 
is "h t ! ,"l1 ! ,mo/ ,high1 has        
multipli$ our numb]s1 f be+ v few2 "h1  
by ! light ( ,8 wisdom1 ,he enlight5$ ! 
m9ds ( ,8 poor ones2 "h1 by ! ardor ( ,8

 love1 he inflam$ our he>ts2 "h1 :oev]  
%all pray dev\tly1 w obta9 :atev] he may
 ask2 & :oev] %all s9 "h1 w be puni%$ ) 
great] rigor4 ,:]e=e1 my *ildr51 h a    
great v5]ation = ?is place1 :i* is truly
 ! dwell+ ( ! ,almighty1 peculi>ly      
belov$ by ,jesus ,*ri/ & ,8 bless$ ,"m4 
,employ y\rselves "h joyfully1 & ) y\r  
:ole he>ts1 9 prais+ & bless+ ,god & ,8 
,son1 our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 9 unity ) ! 
,holy ,gho/4 ,am54  ,! day at l5g?      
arriv$ :i* _h be5 fix$ by ,div9e        
,provid5ce = t]m9at+ & rew>d+ ! labors (
 ?is fai?ful ,s]vant ( ,god3 x 0 a      
,saturday1 ! f\r? ( ,octob]4 ,/4        
,bonav5ture :o consid]s him on 8 dea?-b$
 z a "w well f9i%$ by ! *isel ( suff]+1 
z a preci\s jewel cut & poli%$1 to be   
plac$ 9 ! sacr$ edifice ( ! cele/ial    
,j]usalem1 rem>ks1 t1 f9d+ himself ne> 8
 end1 & animat+ himself ) fre% f]vor1 he
 /ret*$ himself on ! gr\nd4  ,all !     
bre?r5 7 p5etrat$ ) grief & %$ te>s4 ,"o
 ( !m1 :om ! holy man call$ 8 gu>dian1  
kn[+ by inspiration :at he wi%$ =1 w5t  

quickly to fet* a tunic1 a cord1 & ! o!r
 p>ts ( ! dress ( a ,fri> ,m9or1 &      
br\ght !m to him1 say+3 ,"h is :at we   
l5d y1 z to a poor man2 take !m out (   
ob$i5ce4 ,he accept$ ?is alms1 & 0      
rejoic$ t he 0 fai?ful to ! la/ to      
pov]ty1 :i* he call$ 8 dame & 8 mi/ress2
 !n rais+ 8 h&s to heav51 he gave glory 
to our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 t1 be+ dis5gag$
 & free f ev]y?+1 he 0 ab\t to g to     
,him4  ,at ! beg9n+ ( 8 conv]sion he    
/ripp$ himself be=e ! ,bi%op ( ,assisi1 
9 imitation ( ! poor life ( our ,savi\r2
 & to resemble ,him m completely 9 ,8   
/ate ( pov]ty1 ( nudity1 & ( suff]+ on !
 cross1 he /ripp$ himself be=e 8 bre?r5 
at 8 dea?1 & *ose to leave ?is _w poor z
 he came into x1 or1 at lea/1 only 9 a  
habit :i* he _h receiv$ z an alms3 su* 0
 8 love ( pov]ty4  ,oh6 exclaims ,/4    
,bonav5ture1 ) :at tru? may x be said t 
?is 0 v]ily a ,*ri/ian man1 :o has r5d]$
 himself p]fectly con=mable to ,jesus   
,*ri/ :ile liv+1 or dy+1 or dead1 & :o  
has m]it$ ! honor ( su* a con=mity1 by !

 impression ( ! five w\nds6  ,:at is    
fur!r rem>kable is1 t !y ask$ him :]e he
 desir$ to be buri$1 to :i* he answ]$3  
,9 ! vile/ ( places1 on ! ,inf]nal      
,hill1 on t side :]e crim9als are       
execut$4  ,?is place 0 out ( ! ,t[n (   
,assisi1 ne> ! walls1 vulg>ly call$ !   
,inf]nal ,hill1 p]haps on acc\nt ( its  
be+ ! place ( execution4 ,! ,s]vant (   
,god wi%$ to be buri$ !re1 9 ord] to be 
9 /rict con=mity ) 8 ,div9e ,ma/]1 :o   
*ose1 says ,/4 ,j]ome1 to be crucifi$ 9 
! usual place ( execution1 z a crim9al  
among crim9als1 = ! salvation ( m51 & to
 be plac$ 9 a tomb :i* 0 close by4 ,8   
wi% became a prophecy1 =1 two ye>s aft] 
8 dea?1 z w be expla9$ h]eaft]1 a *ur* 0
 built 9 8 honor on ! ,inf]nal ,hill1 :5
 ! "n 0 *ang$ into t ( ! ,hill (        
,p>adise1 & ! site ( ! *ur* 0 s contriv$
 t 8 body 0 plac$ precisely on ! spot   
:]e ! gall[s _h be5 =m]ly erect$4  ,see+
 8 la/ h\r draw+ nigh1 he summon$ all 8 
bre?r5 :o 7 9 ! conv5t1 & aft] hav+     
address$ "s words ( consolation to !m1  

to mitigate ! grief !y felt = 8 dea?1 he
 exhort$ !m to love ,god z a t5d] ,fa!r4
 ,!n he spoke to !m = a long "t on ! c>e
 !y %\ld take to p]sev]e 9 ! fai? ( !   
,*ur* ( ,rome1 9 pov]ty & 9 pati5ce1 "u 
! tribulations :i* await$ !m1 z well z 9
 successes ( _! holy und]tak+4 ,he made 
use ( ! mo/ mov+ expressions 9 recomm5d+
 to !m to make progress t[>ds et]nal    
goods1 to be arm$ ) vigilance aga9/ !   
dang]s ( ! _w1 & to walk exactly 9 !    
pa?s ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 rem>k+ to !m t !   
obs]vance ( ,8 ,gospel 0 ! basis &      
ess5ce ( _! ,in/itution1 & t all _!     
practices _h ?is 9 view4  ,aft] ! holy  
man _h made kn[n 8 la/ wi%es1 he s5t =  
,bro!r ,leo1 8 confessor1 & = ,bro!r    
,angelo1 :om he direct$ to s+ 9 8       
pres5ce ! ,canticle ( ! ,sun1 because   
dea? 0 v ne>3 ?is is ! canticle ( :i* we
 h spok51 9 :i* he gives glory to ,god =
 all ,8 creatures1 & also = dea?4 ,z he 
0 assur$ by revelation t dea? w\ld      
remove him to et]nal life1 its proximity
 fill$ him ) joy1 :i* he evid5c$ by     

caus+ ! praises ( ,god to be sung4  ,:5 
! canticle 0 f9i%$1 he plac$ 8 arms "o  
ov] ! o!r 9 ! =m ( a cross1--a sav+     
sign1 to :i* he _h be5 always devot$1 z 
,/4 ,bonav5ture rem>ks--& /ret*+ !m ov] 
8 bre?r5 :o /ood ar\nd him1 he gave 8   
bless+ = ! la/ "t1 z well to ^? :o 7    
pres5t1 z to ^? :o 7 abs5t1 9 ! "n & by 
virtue ( ,jesus crucifi$4 ,he !n        
pron\nc$ ! foll[+ words ) great mildness
 & suavity3 ,adieu1 my *ildr51 ,i bid y 
all adieu2 ,i leave y 9 ! fe> ( ! ,"l1  
abide ev] 9 t4 ,! "t ( trial &          
tribulation approa*es2 happy ^? :o      
p]sev]e 9 ! good !y h begun4 ,z to me1  
,i g to ,god ) great eag]ness1 & ,i     
recomm5d y all to ,8 favor  ,he !n call$
 = ! book ( ! ,gospels1 & reque/$ !m to 
read to him ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,john1 at t 
"p :]e ! hi/ory ( ! ,passion ( our      
,bless$ ,savi\r beg9s by ^! words3 ,ante
 diem fe/um ,pas*a1 be=e ! ,fea/ ( !    
,passov]4 ,aft] ?is _h be5 read1 he     
began himself to recite1 z well z he    
c\ld1 ! hundr$ & =ty-fir/ psalm1 ,voce  

mea ad ,dom9um clamavi3 ,i h cri$ to    
,!e1 ,o ,"l1 ) my voice2 & he cont9u$ x 
to ! la/ v]se1 ,me expectant ju/i1 donec
 retribuas mihi3 ,! j wait = me1 until  
,?\ rew>d me4 ,9 f9e1 all ! my/]ies (   
grace hav+ be5 fulfill$ 9 ?is man1 s    
belov$ by ,god1 8 v s\l1 absorb$ 9      
,div9e love1 0 releas$ f ! %ackles ( 8  
body1 & w5t to repose 9 ! ,"l4  ,su* a  
dea? makes good :at ! ,holy ,fa!rs ( !  
,*ur* say1 t ! p]fect ,*ri/ian dies )   
joy1 & ) pleasure4 ,!re is no "o :o w\ld
 n wi% = su* a dea?4 ,! mo/ worldly w\ld
 desire ) ,balaam1 t _! life %\ld end z 
t ( ! j2 b ! p]fection ( ! j mu/ be     
imitat$ to af=d any hope ( ! end be+    
simil>3 dea? is only mild & consol+ 9   
proportion to ! f]vor ( a ,*ri/ian life4
  ,/4 ,bonav5ture places on record _m   
pro(s :i* !y _h ( ! glory ( ,/4 ,francis
 at ! mom5t ( 8 dea?4 ,"o ( 8 disciples 
saw 8 bless$ s\l1 "u ! figure ( a       
brilliant />1 rise ^u a :ite cl\d1 above
 all ! o!rs1 & g /raight to heav54 ,?is 
m>k$1 says ! holy doctor1 ! spl5dor ( 8 

sublime sanctity1 ) ! pl5itude ( grace &
 wisdom1 :i* _h r5d]$ him wor?y ( ent]+ 
into ! regions ( light & peace1 :]e1 )  
,jesus ,*ri/1 he enjoys a repose :i* w  
be et]nal4  ,bro!r ,au/91 ( ,assisi1    
,prov9cial ( ! ,t]ra di ,lavoro1 a j &  
sa9tly man1 :o 0 9 ! la/ /age ( a sev]e 
illness1 & _h ceas$ to speak1 sudd5ly   
exclaim$3 ,wait = me1 my ,fa!r1 wait =  
me2 ,i w g ) y ,! bre?r51 q a/oni%$1    
ask$ him :o he 0 speak+ to4 ,:at1 said  
he1 don't y see our ,fa!r1 ,francis1 go+
 up to ,heav58 ,at t v mom5t 8 s\l      
sep>at$ itself f 8 body1 & foll[$ t ( 8 
,fa!r4 ,?omas ( ,celano1 & ,b]n>d (     
,bessa1 companions ( ,/4 ,bonav5ture1   
also m5tion$ t a holy man ( _! day _h a 
revelation to ! effect1 t ! s\ls (      
sev]al ,fri>s ,m9ors 7 deliv]$ f !      
suff]+s ( purgatory1 & 7 jo9$ ) t ( !   
holy ,patri>*1 to ent] ,heav5 ) him4  ,!
 ,bi%op ( ,assisi be+ !n on a devotional
 t\r to ,m\nt ,g>gano1 to visit ! ,*ur* 
( ! ,ar*angel ,mi*ael1 ,francis appe>$  
to him on ! night ( 8 dea?1 & said3 ,i  

leave ! _w1 & am go+ up to heav54 ,!    
prelate1 9 ! morn+1 m5tion$ to ^? :o    
accompani$ him :at he _h se52 & on 8    
return1 hav+ made exact inquiry1 he f\nd
 t ! app>ition _h appe>$ to him at ! v  
"t ( ! ,sa9t's dea?4  ,! body ( ,/4     
,francis1 aft] 8 dea?1 0 an object wor?y
 ( admiration1 accord+ to ?is           
description ( x1 giv5 by ,/4 ,bonav5ture
 on ! te/imony ( ^? :o _h se5 x1 &      
report$ v]bally to him all !            
circum/ances1 con=mably to :at _h be5   
tak5 d[n 9 writ+3 ,on 8 h&s & on 8 feet 
black nails 7 se5 z ( iron1 wond]fully  
=m$ ( 8 fle% by ,div9e p[]1 & s atta*$  
to 8 fle%1 t1 :5 !y 7 press$ on "o side1
 !y protrud$ f>!r on ! o!r1 z h>d       
excresc5ces1 & all ( "o piece4 ,no?+ n[ 
prev5t$ ! w\nd on 8 side f be+ se51 :i* 
he hid ) s mu* c>e dur+ 8 lifetime1--?is
 w\nd1 :i* _h n be5 made by ! h& ( man1 
& :i* resembl$ ! op5+ 9 ! side ( our    
,bless$ ,savi\r1 f :i* ! sacram5t ( our 
r$emption issu$1 & t ( our reg5]ation4  
,its color 0 r$1 & ! edges1 r\nd$ (f1   

gave x ! appe>ance ( a beautiful rose4  
,! fle% ( ! ,sa9t1 :i* 0 naturally ( a  
br[ni% color1 & :i* 8 diseases _h r5d]$ 
tawny1 became extraord9>ily :ite4 ,x    
call$ to m9d ! robes :it5$ 9 ! blood ( !
 ,lamb1 ) :i* ! sa9ts are clo!d4 ,8     
limbs 7 flexible & pliable z ^? ( an    
infant2 evid5t signs ( ! innoc5ce & c&or
 ( 8 s\l4 ,! :it5ess ( 8 sk9 contra/$ ) 
! black nails ( 8 h&s & feet1 & ) ! w\nd
 9 8 side1 :i* resembl$ a fre%-blossom$ 
rose1 exhibit$ a v>iety ( t9ts :i* 0    
beautiful & pleas+1 & 0 ! admiration (  
^? :o saw x4 ,8 body1 9 f9e1 0 !        
repres5tation ( ! ,passion ( ,jesus     
,*ri/ by ! w\nds impr9t$ on x1 & ( !    
glori\s resurrection by ! qualifications
 x _h receiv$ aft] dea?4  ,?is m>vell\s 
& novel sight mitigat$ ! affliction ( 8 
*ildr52 x /r5g!n$ _! fai?1 inflam$ _!   
love1 & q enraptur$ !m2 &1 al?\gh ! dea?
 ( s amiable a fa!r caus$ !m to %$      
torr5ts ( te>s1 !y1 nev]!less1 _h _!    
he>ts fill$ ) joy :5 !y kiss$ !         
impressions ( ! w\nds ( ! great ,k+     

impr9t$ on 8 fle%4  ,z soon z ! news ( 8
 dea? 0 spread1 & ! circum/ances ( !    
/igmata came to be spok5 (1 ! p came 9  
cr[ds to see !m3 ea* p]son wi%$ to see  
!m ) 8 own eyes1 & assure himself ( !   
tru? ( an ev5t :i* 0 ! cause ( s mu* joy
 to ! public4 ,a great numb] ( ! citiz5s
 ( ,assisi 7 p]mitt$ to approa*1 to see 
& to kiss ! sacr$ /igmata4 ,"o ( !m nam$
 ,j]ome1 belong+ to ! army1 a le>n$ &   
prud5t man1 ^: reputation 0 v ext5sive1 
f9d+ x difficult to give cr$it to s     
wond]ful a circum/ance1 exam9$ ! w\nds m
 p>ticul>ly & m m9utely ?an ! re/1 9    
pres5ce ( ! bre?r51 & ( _m p]sons ( !   
t[n4 ,he felt ! feet1 ! h&s1 & ! w\nd 9 
! side ( ! ,sa9t's body2 he mov$ !      
nails1 & conv9c$ himself s p]fectly ( ! 
tru? ( ! fact1 t he 0 aft]w>ds a mo/    
zeal\s advocate & witness to x1 & made  
oa? to its tru? on ! holy ,evangeli/s4  
,x 01 ,/4 ,bonav5ture rem>ks1 a case    
simil> to t ( ! ,apo/le ,/4 ,?omas1 :o1 
f be+ incr$ul\s1 became a fai?ful       
witness aft] hav+ put 8 h&s into ! w\nds

 ( ! ,savi\r1 9 ord] t 8 fai?1 prec$$ by
 incr$ulity1 %\ld /r5g!n our fai?1 &    
prev5t u f becom+ incr$ul\s4  ,! bre?r51
 :o _h be5 pres5t at ! dea? ( ! bless$  
,patri>*1 pass$ ! rema9d] ( ! night 9   
s++ ! praises ( ,god ar\nd ! body1 ) a  
numb] ( o!r p]sons1 :o _h collect$ !re =
 ! purpose1 insomu* t x m resembl$ a    
fea/ ( cele/ial spirits ?an ! fun]al    
s]vice ( a mortal4  ,! next morn+1 :i* 0
 ,sunday1 ! holy corpse 0 c>ri$ to      
,assisi on ! %\ld]s ( ! pr9cipal p]sons 
( t city1 & ^? ( ! highe/ rank among !  
,fri>s ,m9ors2 hymns & canticles be+    
sung ! :ole way1 :ile ! conc\rse foll[$1
 c>ry+ 9 _! h&s light$ tor*es1 or       
bran*es ( laurel4 ,! procession pass$ on
 to ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,damian1 :]e ,cl>e &  
h] nuns await$ x1 & :]e x halt$ = a %ort
 "t1 to af=d !m ! consolation ( see+ &  
kiss+ ! /igmata4 ,9 admir+ ?is          
extraord9>y prodigy1 & lam5t+ ! dea? (  
su* a fa!r1 !y call$ to m9d ! promise he
 _h made !m dur+ 8 la/ illness1 t !y    
%\ld aga9 see him be=e _! dea?4 ,cl>e   

endeavor$ to draw ! nail f "o ( 8 h&s1  
:i*1 z ! head ( x 0 rais$ above ! palm (
 ! h&1 %e ?\ght %e w\ld be able to      
effect1 b %e f\nd x impossible4 ,%e1    
!re=e1 only dipp$ a piece ( l95 9 !     
blood :i* exud$2 & %e took ! measure ( !
 body1 by :i* %e _h a ni*e made ( simil>
 size1 on t side ( ! *oir :i* ! religi\s
 occupi$1 9 :i* ! image ( ! sa9t 0      
aft]w>ds plac$4 ,^! pi\s virg9s w\ld h  
be5 glad to h deta9$ ! body long]1 b x 0
 necess>y to resume ! r\te to ,assisi1  
:]e he 0 buri$ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,george1 
) e possible v5]ation & respect4 ,x 0   
!re he _h receiv$ ! fir/ rudim5ts (     
education1 x 0 !re he _h prea*$ = ! fir/
 "t1 & !re 0 8 fir/ place ( repose4     
,bro!r ,elias1 9 8 quality ( vic>-g5]al1
 wrote a circul> lett] on 8 dea?1 :i* he
 s5t into all ! prov9ces ( ! ,ord]4 ,!  
copy :i* ! ,prov9cial ( ,france receiv$1
 0 ?us direct$3 ,to my well-belov$ bro!r
 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 ,bro!r ,gregory1 m9i/] 
( ! bre?r5 :o are 9 ,france1 & to all 8 
bre?r51 & to ours1 ,bro!r ,elias s5ds   

greet+4  ,he fir/ expresses 8 grief 9 v 
affect+ t]ms1 & 9 allud+ to ! loss !    
,ord] _h su/a9$1 he passes a high       
eulogium on ! sanctity ( _! common      
,fa!r1 ) _m citations f ! ,sacr$        
,scriptures1 v aptly appli$4 ,!n1 he    
says1 t :at mu/ console ! *ildr5 ( !    
bless$ patri>* is1 t 8 dea? op5$ to him 
et]nal life1 & t previ\sly he _h p>don$ 
all ! (f5ces :i* he might h su/a9$ f any
 ( !m4 ,?is article only reg>d$ ,bro!r  
,elias & 8 adh]5ts1 = !y 7 ! only ones  
:o _h caus$ him any displeasure1 &1     
accord+ to all probability1 ,elias only 
adv]t$ to x to s(t5 ! feel+s ( _m :o 7  
irritat$ ) him 9 consequ5ce ( 8         
relaxation4 ,aft] ?is prelim9>y he      
communicates to !m a great cause =      
rejoic+ 9 ! miracle ( ! /igmata1 :i* he 
treats z foll[s3 ,we _h se5 our ,bro!r &
 our ,fa!r1 ,francis1 "s "t be=e 8 dea? 
z "o crucifi$1 hav+ on 8 body five w\nds
 simil> to ^? ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 nails ( ! 
color ( nails ( iron1 :i* p]=at$ 8 h&s &
 feet1 8 side be+ laid op5 z by ! w\nd (

 a lance1 f :5ce blood (t5 p]colat$4    
,imm$iately aft] 8 dea? 8 face1 :i* 0 n 
h&some dur+ 8 life1 became extraord9>ily
 beautiful1 :ite & brilliant1 & pleas+  
to behold2 8 limbs1 :i* ! contraction ( 
! muscles1 caus$ by 8 great suff]+s1 _h 
/iff5$ l to ^? ( a corpse1 became pliant
 & flexible z ^? ( a *ild3 !y c\ld be   
h&l$ & plac$ 9 any position :i* might be
 wi%$4  ,he !n exhorts !m to give glory 
to ,god = s great a miracle1 & adds3 ,he
 :o us$ to console u 9 our afflictions  
is no m1 he has be5 tak5 f u2 we are n[ 
orphans1 & h no long] a fa!r4 ,b1 s9ce x
 is writt51 t 'to ! ,"l is ! poor man   
left3 ,he w be a help] to ! orphan1 let 
u address our pray]s to ,him1 my de>    
bre?r51 & let u entreat ,him to give u  
ano!r *ief1 :o1 z a true ,ma*abee1 %all 
guide u & lead u to battle4 ,at ! close 
( ! lett] he ord]$ pray]s = ! deceas$1  
say+3 ,x is n useless to pray = ! dead2 
pray = him1 z he reque/$ we %\ld3 b at !
 same "t pray t we may obta9 f ,god a   
p>ticipation 9 ,8 grace4 ,am54 ,x 0     

sign$1 ,bro!r ,elias1 a s9n]4  ,al?\gh  
,elias d\bt$ n t ! holy man 0 9 glory1  
he1 nev]!less1 prescrib$ pray+ = him1 n 
only to comply ) ! wi% ( ! deceas$1 & n 
to =e/all ! decision ( ! ,holy ,see1 b1 
also1 because he bore 9 m9d :at ,/4     
,augu/9e _h said1 t ! sacrifices &      
pray]s (f]$ = ! dead ^: life has be5    
irreproa*able1 are acts ( ?anksgiv+4    
,,conclusion   ,we h yet to m5tion :at !
 ,holy ,see did to glorify ,/4 ,francis 
& to make 8 "n memorable = all times4   
,pope ,honorius ,,iii di$ on ! #ah? (   
,m>*1 #abbg1 to ! great grief ( ! entire
 ,*ur*4 ,he de>ly lov$ ,/4 ,francis & _h
 approv$ ! ,rule ( ! ,fri>s ,m9or4 ,!   
morn+ aft] 8 dea? ! c>d9als assembl$ &  
elect$ ,c>d9al ,ugol9i z 8 successor1 :o
 took unto himself ! "n ( ,gregory ,,ix4
 ,c>d9al ,ugol9i 0 ! intimate fri5d (   
,francis1 ! ,protector ( 8 ,ord] & !    
f\nd] ( sev]al ,franciscan ,conv5ts2 z 0
 record$ above1 ,/4 ,francis pr$ict$ 8  
,pontificate4  ,a riot at ,rome %ortly  
aft] caus$ ! ,holy ,fa!r to flee to     

,rieti1 he !n w5t to ,spoleto1 & f !nce 
to ,assisi4 ,at ,assisi he 0 greet$ ) ! 
greate/ en?usiasm by ! p4 ,8 deep piety 
prompt$ him to visit ! grave ( our      
,sa9t1 :]e he sp5t a long "t 9 pray]4   
,at ! g5]al *apt] held at ,rome1 ,june  
#g1 #abbg1 9 :i* ,bro!r ,elias 0        
re-elect$1 ,8 ,hol9ess 0 petition$ by   
all pres5t to canonize ,francis :om ,god
 already made illu/ri\s by _m miracles4 
,n[ a favorable opportunity pres5t$     
itself to pay special he$ to ?is        
petition4 ,he caus$ a rigor\s exam9ation
 to be made ( all ! miracles attribut$  
to ! int]cession ( ! ,sa9t aft] 8 dea?4 
,?is 0 n a difficult matt] = !re 7 a    
great numb] ( witnesses 9 ! city &      
neighbor+ places4 ,9 ! mean:ile ! ,holy 
,fa!r w5t to ,p]ugia to att5d to "s     
affairs ( /ate4 ,:5 ! validity ( ! pro(s
 reg>d+ ! miracles & virtues ( ,/4      
,francis c\ld 9 no way be que/ion$1     
,gregory return$ to ,assisi4  ,!        
canonization took place ) ! greate/     
solemnity on ,sunday ,july #af?1 9 !    

,*ur* ( ,/4 ,george1 :]e ! body ( !     
,sa9t repos$4 ,amid/ an imm5se assembly 
( c>d9als1 bi%ops1 prie/s1 cl]ics1      
memb]s ( ! ,franciscan ,ord]s1 knights1 
lords1 & dignit>ies ( !1 prov9ces & a   
va/ multitude ( p ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff  
pron\nc$ f 8 ?rone1 ! foll[+ solemn     
words3  ,to ! glory ( ! ,mo/ ,high ,god1
 ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/1 ! glori\s  
,virg9 ,m>y1 ! bless$ ,apo/les ,pet] &  
,paul1 & to ! honor ( ! :ole ,roman     
,*ur*1 we h resolv$1 9 conc]t ) our     
bre?r5 & o!r prelates1 to inscribe 9 !  
catalogue ( ! sa9ts1 ! bless$ ,fa!r     
,francis1 :om ,god has glorifi$ 9       
,heav51 & :om we v5]ate on e>?4 ,8 fea/ 
%all be celebrat$ on ! day ( 8 dea?4    
,at once ! c>d9als inton$ ! ,te ,deum1 !
 p respond$ by _! cries & %\ts ( joy4   
,!reupon pray]s ( ?anksgiv+ 7 recit$ &  
!n ! augu/ ,pontiff celebrat$ ,holy     
,mass4 ,x 0 a day ( grace1 ( exultation 
& triumph = ,assisi1 = ! ,franciscan    
,family & = ! :ole ,*ur*4 ,?us 0 ,/4    
,francis canoniz$ b a few ye>s aft] 8   

dea?4  ,! humble ,sa9t _h ask$ to be    
int]r$ on ! ,inf]nal ,hill1 ! hill on   
:i* crim9als 7 buri$4 ,up to ! pres5t 8 
desire c\ld n be fulfill$4 ,! ,city (   
,assisi wait$ to make t place ( ignom9y 
a wor?y abode = ! rema9s ( its mo/      
sa9tly & illu/ri\s citiz54 ,a magnific5t
 d\ble-*ur* 0 erect$ on ! spot4 ,!      
,sov]eign ,pontiff decl>$ t h5ce=? !    
place %all be call$ ,hill ( ,p>adise &  
lat] on laid ! corn]-/one = ! new       
edifice4 ,! l[] *ur* 0 complet$ 9 #abcj4
 ,! elaborate portal is a plan ( ,baccio
 ,pontelli4 ,! /a9$ glass w9d[s by      
,bon9o1 a native ( ,assisi1 r5d] a s(t &
 mell[ h>mony ( light no less *>m+ ?an t
 ( ! mosaic int]ior ( ,san ,m>co1       
,v5ice4 ,fam\s frescoes :i* influ5c$ all
 ! great movem5ts ( art t foll[$1 cov] !
 walls ( ! *ur*4 ,^? 9 ! sanctu>y by    
,giotto are p>ticul>ly f9e4 ,!y repres5t
 ,/4 ,francis esp\s+ ,humility1 ,*>ity1 
& ,pov]ty4 ,! gold & blue ( ! backgr\nds
 ^u :i* ! num]\s sc5es are pa9t$1       
h>monize beautifully 9 ! g5]al color    

s*eme ( ! sacr$ edifice4 ,9 ! f\rte5?   
c5tury n9e *apels 7 add$ along ! walls (
 ! l[] *ur*1 mo/ly memorial *apels (    
c>d9als & bi%ops4  ,two ye>s aft] !     
con/ruction ( ! l[] *ur* ) its vault$   
top1 ! build+ ( ! upp] *ur* began4 ,!   
,go?ic =m ( ar*itecture 0 *os5 = !      
build+1 s t ! high & po9t$ ar*es be     
emblematic ( ! l(ty _s ( ,/4 ,francis1 &
 ( ! t[]+ /r5g? ( 8 foll[]s1 ^: object x
 is to raise ! _s ( m5 to a high] /&>d (
 religion & devotion4 ,aft] its         
completion 9 ! ye> #abec ,pope ,innoc5t 
,,iv came 9 p]son to ,assisi &          
consecrat$ ! upp] & l[] *ur*4 ,at ! same
 "t ! ,holy ,fa!r1 :o resid$ 9 ! mona/]y
 at ,assisi ) ! ,franciscan ,fa!rs =    
five mon?s1 solemnly canoniz$ ! ,bi%op &
 ,m>tyr ,/anislaus ( ,crac[4 ,! upp]    
*ur* aga9 af=d$ ! g5ius ( arti/s ample  
opportunity to blossom =?4 ,zimabue     
enri*$ ! sanctu>y ) brilliant frescoes f
 ! life ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y :om ,/4 
,francis _h *os5 to be ! ,patroness &   
,protectress ( 8 ?ree ord]s = all future

 times4 ,! *oir-picture1 ! ,assumption (
 ! ,virg91 is ! f9e/ ( ! s]ies4 ,9 !    
apse are frescoes ( ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4     
,paul to ^: tomb 7at ,rome7 ,/4 ,francis
 made a pilgrimage to ask = grace &     
light at ! beg9n+ ( 8 conv]sion4 ,o!r   
frescoes ( ,zimabue1 also 9 ! apse ( !  
*ur*1 repres5t v>i\s passages ( !       
,apocalypse1 relative to ! rejuv5ation (
 ! ,*ur*2 ,/4 ,francis 0 call$ & appo9t$
 by ,god to re/ore ! *ur* :i* 0 fall+   
into ru9s4 ,along ! l[] wall-spaces ( ! 
nave are tw5ty-eight l>ge frescoes f !  
life ( ,/4 ,francis by ,giotto1 ,taddio1
 ,gaddi & ,giunto ,pisano2 ! upp] spaces
 h repres5tations ( ! ,old & ,new       
,te/am5t by ,pietro ,cavall9i & 8 s*ool4
 ,^! upp] pa9t+s are n[ 9 ru9s1 b ev5 9 
_! ru9s !y are preci\s pe>ls ( m$iaeval 
art4 ,! /a9$ glass w9d[s are ( su*      
exceptional beauty & arti/ic correctness
 t _! equal _c be f\nd 9 all ,italy4    
,speak+ ( ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,francis at     
,assisi1 a travell] says 9 sub/ance z   
foll[s3 ,9 its trem5d\s proportions !   

gigantic ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,francis c only be 
comp>$ to ! pyramids ( ,egypt2 & bo? are
 symbolic ( _! times4 ,! pyramids 7     
erect$ by ! iron w & ! cruel might ( !  
,ph>aohs1 ! blood ( nations /a9 e /one &
 !y are b$ew$ ) _m te>s4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,/4 
,francis 0 built by ! self-sacrific+    
love & he>tfelt gratitude ( nations4    
,its /ones are worn by ! foot/eps & !   
te>s ( millions & millions ( p1 :o came 
!re1 p]haps sad & we>y1 b return$ ) !   
love & ! peace ( ! ,sa9t 9 _! he>t4  ,:5
 ! l[] *ur* 0 complet$ 7#abcj71 !       
v5]able rema9s ( ,/4 ,francis 7         
translat$ to _! new re/+-place4 ,su*    
numb]s 7 pres5t at ?is translation1 t _m
 _h to sleep out "u t5ts dur+ ! night1 !
 walls ( ,assisi n be+ able to conta9 s 
va/ a multitude4 ,! p ( ,assisi1 hav+   
obs]v$ a commotion 9 ! cr[d1 began to   
fe> t an attempt 0 be+ made to deprive  
!m ( _! sacr$ treasure3 accord+ly !y    
ru%$ to ! bi]1 took possession ( !      
,sa9t's body1 ent]$ ! *ur*1 lock$ !     
doors1 & int]r$ ! body1 )\t all[+ any ( 

! cl]gy1 religi\s1 or p to ent]4 ,9     
consequ5ce ( ?is ev5t1 an imp5etrable   
veil ( secrecy long hung ov] ! place :]e
 ! body _h be5 laid4 ,9 #ahah1 ,pope    
,pius ,,vii gave p]mission to ! ,g5]al (
 ! ,conv5tual ,m9ors to make rese>*es "u
 ! high alt>4 ,_m previ\s rese>*es _h   
be5 made2 !y grew to su* gigantic       
proportions t ! f\ndations ( ! massive  
/ructure 7 p>tly und]m9$4 ,to prev5t !  
ru9 ( ! basilica at ,assisi1 ! ,holy    
,see f9ally =bade all fur!r rese>*es )\t
 ! special cons5t ( ! ,sov]eign         
,pontiff4 ,:5 ,pope ,pius ,,vii gave !  
necess>y p]mission1 ! rese>*es 7 aga9   
tak5 up1 b v c>efully & 9 great secrecy4
 ,! workm5 7 employ$ = fifty-two nights 
9 h>d labor4 ,at l5g?1 aft] hav+ brok5  
?r\gh rocks & massive walls1 an iron    
grat+ 0 discov]$1 b5ea? :i* 0 a skeleton
 9 a /one c(f91 :i* :5 op5$1 exhal$ !   
mo/ fragrant odor4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r deput$
 ! ,bi%ops ( ,assisi1 ,noc]a1 ,spoleto1 
,p]ugia1 & ,foligno1 to make a juridical
 exam9ation1 to c]tify ! au!nticity ( ! 

body4 ,!n1 9 accordance ) a decree ( !  
,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 he nam$ a commission ( 
c>d9als & !ologians1 &1 all be+ settl$1 
on ! #e? ( ,decemb]1 #ahbj1 he decl>$ 9 
a ,brief t ?is body is v]ily ! body (   
,sa9t ,francis ( ,assisi1 ,f\nd] ( !    
,ord] ( ,fri>s ,m9or4 ,! sacr$ body (   
,/4 ,francis n[ lies b5ea? ! ma9 alt> ( 
! l[] *ur*1 m5tion$ be=e1 9 an          
exquisitely beautiful little *apel hewn 
out ( ! solid rock4 ,! rema9s repose 9  
_! orig9al s>cophagus1 :i* is b\nd by   
broad gird]s ( /eel4  ,sev5 hundr$ ye>s 
h elaps$ s9ce ! dea? ( ?is humble s]vant
 ( ,god4 ,8 memory has outliv$ all !    
/orms t h agitat$ ! _w4 ,! good se$ t he
 s[$ is /ill br++ =? fruit a hundr$fold4
 ,l ! ,apo/les ( old1 he labor$ 9 !     
v9ey>d ( ! ,"l1 & op5$ up to o!rs1      
,heav5ly treasures ( untold value4 ,yet 
m1 9 ! p]son ( ,/4 ,francis1 ,jesus (   
,naz>e? liv$ aga9 = ! in/ruction &      
edification ( ! :ole _w1 z ,he _h nev]  
done 9 any individual1 s9ce ! great     
,apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,at ! ^w ( ,/4    

,francis a revival ( primitive          
,*ri/ianity sprang into exi/5ce at a "t 
:5 all civilization seem$ unh+$ on      
acc\nt ( ! almo/ univ]sal decay 9       
morals4 ,he taught m5 afre% t ! comm&s (
 ,jesus ,*ri/ c\ld be lit]ally obey$ & t
 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt 0 z applicable to !
 m5 ( ! middle & all succe$+ ages z to !
 fir/ age ( ,*ri/ian hi/ory4 ,?is ,new  
,abraham begot ?r\gh ! ,gospel ! l>ge/  
family ( ,*ri/'s foll[]s & ( mission>ies
 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* has ev] produc$4 ,x is
 well kn[n t ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* f !     
?irte5? to ! sixte5? c5tury 0 l>gely !  
hi/ory ( ! rise & gr[? ( ,franciscanism 
9 e "p ( ,europe4 ,to-day1 aft] sev5    
c5turies h elaps$1 we f9d no symptoms ( 
decay 9 ! great ,franciscan ,family4 ,! 
prie/s & laybro!rs ( ! ,fir/ ,ord] are  
to be f\nd labor+ assidu\sly 9 e c\ntry4
 ,9 effici5cy & numb] _! active         
mission>ies are second to none4 ,!y are 
/orm+ ! /rongholds ( ,satan f "o end ( !
 _w to ! o!r4 ,! ,second ,ord] /&s be=e 
u z ( old1 a beautiful lily 9 !         

,sanctu>y ( ,god4 ,! ,holy ,virg9s1 ( ! 
,second ,ord]1 call$ ,poor ,cl>es1 seek 
volunt>y oblivion & by _! pure & pi\s   
life ( ! greate/ au/]ity1 ( seclusion1  
sil5ce1 p5ance & pray]1 daily op5 !     
floodgates ( ,god's graces to mank9d4 ,!
 wond]ful & heal?y gr[? ( ! ,?ird ,ord]1
 especially s9ce ! great ,encyclical on 
,/4 ,francis & on ! ,?ird ,ord] by ,pope
 ,leo ,,xiii 7#ahhb71 ne$ n be m5tion$2 
x is a fact kn[n to all4 ,s9ce ! "w ( ! 
,s]aphic ,sa9t is s prosp]\s at pres5t1 
we ne$ n d\bt ab\t ! future4 ,z we h    
previ\sly se5 ,god ,himself reveal$ to  
,/4 ,francis t 8 in/itution %all rema9  
till ! end ( times4 ,?us ! ,mo/ ,high   
glorifi$ & rew>d$ ! poor1 humble man (  
,assisi1 ! greate/ ( s9n]s1 z he lov$ to
 call himself4 ,/4 ,francis n[ reigns 9 
,heav51 brilliant z ! ,morn+ ,/>1 & %[]s
 8 bless+s ^u 8 _m *ildr54 ,let u praise
 ,god = ! grace & glory ,he gave 8      
humble ,s]vant & let u deeply impress ^u
 our m9d ! words ( ! ,holy ,gho/3 ,god  
resi/s ! pr\d1 b gives 8 graces to !    

humble4 ,he t humble? himself %all be   
exalt$4  ,,/4 ,,francis ,,seal$ ,,) ,,! 
,,"* ,,( ,,jesus  ,! em95t p]fection (  
,/4 ,francis 0 gr\nd$ on a t5d] & f]v5t 
devotion to ,jesus ,*ri/ crucifi$4 ,?is 
adorable object _h a p[]ful attraction =
 8 he>t1 0 ! s\rce ( all ! graces he    
receiv$1 & ! model ( all ! virtues he   
practis$4 ,f ! suff]+s ( our ,savi\r he 
made = himself1 z ,/4 ,b]n>d _h done1 a 
nosegay ( myrrh1 :i* he always c>ri$ 9 8
 bosom2 he consid]$ att5tively ! suff]+s
 ( 8 ,belov$1 he suff]$ !m himself1 & !y
 call$ =? 8 sighs & 8 te>s2 x 0 8 wi% t 
! fire ( ?is love might trans=m him     
entirely into ,him :o _h borne !m4  ,!  
pov]ty ( ! ,son ( ,god1 9 ,8 bir?1 dur+ 
,8 life1 & at ,8 dea?1 made su*         
impression on ! he>t ( ,francis1 t he   
embrac$ ?is virtue ) inexpressible      
ardor4  ,see+ t x 0 reject$ by ! _w1 &  
look+ ^u x z ! pe>l ( ! ,gospel1 to     
acquire x1 he ab&on$ fa!r1 "m1 & all t  
he _h4 ,no p]son ev] s\ght aft] ri*es ) 
s mu* avidity1 & no "o ev] gu>d$ 8      

treasure ) s mu* c>e4 ,he nev] wore1    
until 8 dea?1 any?+ b a wor?less tunic1 
& he refus$ himself ev]y?+ b :at 0      
absolutely necess>y4 ,he w\ld yield to  
no "o 9 pov]ty1 al?\gh he consid]$      
himself ! mo/ abject ( all4 ,if he saw  
any "o worse dress$ ?an he 01 he        
consid]$ x z a reproa* to himself4 ,"o  
day1 meet+ a poor man :o 0 almo/ nak$1  
he said to 8 companion ) a sigh3 ,!re is
 a poor man :o %ames u4 ,we h *os5      
pov]ty = our greate/ ri*es1 & 9 him y   
see x %9e f> m ?an 9 u4  ,= 8 n\ri%m5t1 
he greatly pref]r$ :at he solicit$ = !  
love ( ,god f door to door1 to :at 0    
(f]$ to him4 ,he frequ5tly consid]$ )9  
himself1 & x br\ght te>s into 8 eyes1 h[
 poor our ,savi\r & ,8 ,bless$ ,"m _h   
be5 9 ?is _w1 & ! reflection induc$ him 
to live 9 great] pov]ty4  ,z to ! cells1
 he always *ose ! smalle/4 ,"o ( 8      
secul> fri5ds hav+ _h "o built1 :i* 0   
only made ( wood1 ?\gh pretty neat1 9 ! 
h]mitage ( ,s>?iano1 he f\nd x too f9e1 
& said he w\ld n ent] x a second "t     

unless x 0 put into a /ate ( pov]ty2 s  
t1 9 ord] to induce him to return1 x 0  
necess>y to cov] x r\ghly ) bran*es (   
trees1 bo? )\t & )94 ,he left x aft]w>ds
 because "o ( 8 companions _h said to   
him1 ,fa!r1 ,i am come to look = y 9 y\r
 cell4 ,i w n occupy x any long]1 he    
repli$1 because y consid] x m9e 9 call+ 
x my cell3 ano!r may live 9 x1 to :om x 
w n be appropriat$4  ,?is is :at 8      
companions tell u on ! subject3--,we h  
(t5 he>d him say1 we1 :o h liv$ ) him3  
',i w n h z m9e ei!r dwell+-place1 or   
any o!r ?+1 = our ,ma/] has said3 ,!    
foxes h lairs1 & ! birds ( ! air1 ne/s2 
b ! ,son ( ,man ha? n :]e to lay ,8     
head4'  ,he 0 also accu/om$ to say3 ,:5 
our ,"l w5t to fa/ 9 ! des]t1 :]e ,he   
rema9$ =ty days & =ty nights1 ,he _h no 
cell prep>$ = ,him1 nor any o!r cov]+2 x
 0 only 9 "s crevice ( ! m\nta9 t ,he   
took repose4 ,! same au?ors add1 t1 9   
ord] to imitate ,jesus ,*ri/ p]fectly1  
,francis desir$ to h nei!r conv5t nor   
cell :i* c\ld be call$ 84 ,&1 moreov]1  

if sometimes1 on arriv+1 he po9t$ out to
 8 bre?r5 ! cell :i* he propos$ to      
occupy1 he *eck$ himself imm$iately1 z  
hav+ %[n too mu* solicitude1 & w5t into 
ano!r1 :i* _h n be5 prep>$ = him4 ,%all1
 !n1 ! *ildr5 ( ! ,patri>* ( ! poor be  
c5sur$ :5 !y imitate ?is t5d]ness (     
consci5ce2 & :51 to %[ _! av]sion to !  
possession ( prop]ty1 !y call ev5 ! ?+s 
:i* are mo/ ess5tial = !m to h ! use (1 
by t]ms :i* %[ t !y d n ev5 hold !m 9   
common1 & t !y h no?+ :i* is _! own8    
,al?\gh ! s]vant ( ,god possess$ e      
virtue 9 a v high degree1 yet x 0 rem>k$
 t ! virtue ( pov]ty 0 ! "o :i* 0 above 
all ! o!rs2 & ?is x pleas$ ! ,almighty  
to make kn[n by an admirable vision4 ,:5
 ! sa9t 0 go+ to ,si5na1 ?ree v poor    
wom51 :o resembl$ ea* o!r bo? 9 size &  
c\nt5ance1 & appe>$ to be ( ! same age1 
pres5t$ !mselves be=e him1 & greet$ him 
9 ^! words3 ,may ! ,lady ,pov]ty be     
welcome6 ,?is salutation fill$ him )    
joy1 because no?+ 0 m grateful to him 9 
greet+ him ?an to speak ( pov]ty1 :i* 0 

s de> to him4 ,! vision imm$iately      
vani%$1 & 8 companions1 :o _h se5 x1 _h 
no d\bt t !re 0 some?+ my/]i\s 9 x2 t   
,god meant !reby to discov] to !m some?+
 :i* relat$ to _! fa!r4--,9 fact1 says  
,/4 ,bonav5ture1 ^! ?ree wom51 :o 7 s l 
to ea* o!r1 7 n bad repres5tations (    
*a/ity1 ob$i5ce1 & pov]ty1 :i* con/itute
 ! beauty ( ,evangelical p]fection1 & 7 
! v em95t *>act]i/ics ( ! sa9tly man2   
yet ! expressions :i* ^! wom5 made use (
 9 greet+ him1 %[$ t he _h *os5 pov]ty z
 8 special pr]ogative1 & ! pr9cipal     
object ( 8 glory2 &1 inde$1 he 0 9 !    
habit ( call+ x sometimes 8 lady1       
sometimes 8 "m1 & sometimes 8 sp\se or 8
 que54  ,x is n possible to record 9 ?is
 place all ! praise :i* ! holy ,f\nd]   
gave to ?is ,evangelical virtue4 ,he    
call$ x ! ,que51 n only because x %one )
 spl5dor 9 ,,jesus ,,*ri/1 ! ,k+ ( k+s1 
& 9 ,8 ,bless$ ,"m1 b because x is      
elevat$ above all e>?ly ?+s1 :i* x      
tramples "u foot4 ,"k1 he us$ to say to 
8 bre?r51 t pov]ty is ! hidd5 treasure (

 ! ,gospel1 ! basis on :i* an ord] re/s 
! special pa? to salvation1 ! support ( 
humility1 ! "m ( self-r5unciation1 !    
pr9ciple ( ob$i5ce1 ! dea? ( self-love1 
! de/ruction ( vanity & cupidity1 ! rod 
( p]fection1 ! fruits ( :i* are         
abundant1 ?\gh hidd54 ,x is a virtue    
desc5d$ f ,heav5 :i* acts )9 u1 &       
enables u to despise ev]y?+ :i* is      
despicable2 x subv]ts all ! ob/acles :i*
 prev5t ! s\l f p]fectly unit+ itself to
 ,god by humility & *>ity2 x causes ^?  
by :om x is belov$ to become active z   
pure spirits1 & enables !m to take _!   
flight t[>ds ,heav51 to conv]se )       
angels1 ?\gh /ill liv+ on e>?4 ,x is s  
excell5t & s div9e a virtue1 t vile &   
abject vases su* z we are1 are n wor?y (
 conta9+ x4  ,9 ord] to obta9 ! grace ( 
pov]ty1 he (t5 recit$ ! foll[+ pray] to 
,jesus ,*ri/3 ,o ,"l ,jesus6 po9t out to
 me ! ways ( pov]ty1 :i* are s de> to   
,!e4 ,h pity on me1 = ,i love x ) su*   
int5sity t ,i c f9d no repose )\t x1 &  
,?\ kn[e/ t x is ,?\ :o gave/ me ?is    

ard5t love4 ,x is reject$1 despis$1 &   
hat$ by ! _w1 al?\gh x is a dame & a    
que51 & ,?\ ha/ _h ! goodness to come   
d[n f ,heav5 to make pov]ty ,?y sp\se1 &
 to h f h]1 by h]1 & 9 h]1 p]fect       
*ildr54 ,my ,jesus1 :o *ose/ to be      
extremely poor6 ! favor :i* ,i ask ( ,!e
 is1 to give me ! privilege ( pov]ty2 ,i
 ard5tly desire to be enri*$ by ?is     
treasure2 ,i entreat ( ,!e t x may be   
m9e1 & ( ^? :o belong to me1 & t we may 
nev] possess any?+ ( our own "u heav5 = 
! glory ( ,?y "n1 & t we may exi/1 dur+ 
?is mis]able life1 on ^? ?+s only :i*   
are giv5 to u1 & t we be v sp>+ 9 ! use 
we %all make ev5 ( ^!4 ,am54  ,?is fri5d
 ( pov]ty did n conf9e x to !           
repudiation ( all ext]nal ?+s3 he c>ri$ 
its p]fection to ! mo/ elevat$ spiritual
 po9t4 ,he :o aspires to its atta9m5t1  
he said1 mu/ r5\nce n only all worldly  
prud5ce1 b 9 "s degree all le>n+ &      
sci5ce1 s t1 be+ /ripp$ ( all sorts (   
goods1 he may place himself "u cov] ( ! 
protection ( ! ,mo/ ,high1 ?9k only ( ,8

 ju/ice1 & ca/ himself into ! arms ( !  
,crucifi$4 ,= x is n to r5\nce ! _w     
entirely1 if any atta*m5t to its lights1
 & to "o's own feel+s1 rema9s 9 ! secret
 recesses ( ! he>t4 ,he did n ass]t t1 9
 ord] to arrive at ! p]fection ( pov]ty1
 x 0 necess>y to be )\t le>n+1 b he     
requir$ t le>n+ %\ld n be consid]$ by ! 
possessor z an int]ior prop]ty1 f :i*   
self-love %\ld be f$2 t !re %\ld n be t 
secret atta*m5t to m5tal illum9ation1   
:i* is ! prim>y s\rce ( error1 & ! basis
 ( ! ob/9acy ( h]etics2 t all ( k %\ld  
be ref]r$ to ,god1 & t we %\ld 9 "s s5se
 /rip ourselves ( x to acquire !        
p]ception ( ,god alone1 & ( ,8 holy law4
 ,/4 ,hil>y said1 speak+ 9 ! same s5se1 
t we mu/ always be> 9 m9d t we are m51 t
 we h no?+ ( our own1 n ev5 ! use ( our 
s5ses & faculties2 t ^! come f ,god1 & t
 we mu/ only use !m z ?+s :i* are 9 a   
cont9ual dep5d5ce on ,8 w4 ,?is is an   
important in/ruction = ! consid]ation ( 
! le>n$4  ,! lively affection :i* ,/4   
,francis bore = ! crucifi$ ,jesus1 f !  

mom5t ( 8 conv]sion1 r5d]$ him v au/]e  
t[>ds himself4 ,n only c\ld he n suff] t
 ! tunic :i* he wore %\ld h any?+ s(t 9 
x1 b he *ose t x %\ld be r\gh & h>%2 :5 
he f\nd t x _h become too s(t1 he put   
knott$ cords on ! inside to c\nt]act !  
s(tness4  ,x 0 usually on ! b>e gr\nd t 
he laid 8 body d[n1--t body :i* 0 worn  
out by fatigue2 sometimes he slept1     
sitt+ ) 8 head re/+ on a /one or piece (
 wood4 ,z to food1 he sc>cely took :at 0
 absolutely necess>y = 8 n\ri%m5t4 ,:5 9
 heal?1 he seldom p]mitt$ any?+ to be   
put be=e him :i* 0 cook$1 & !n he ei!r  
/rew$ a%es ^u x1 or add$ wat] to x1 to  
take away ! ta/e4 ,pure wat] 0 8 only   
bev]age1 & !n he drank s little t x 0   
insuffici5t = qu5*+ 8 ?ir/4 ,besides !  
,l5t kept by all ,*ri/ians1 he kept     
eight o!rs 9 ! c\rse ( ! ye>4 ,! fir/1 (
 =ty days1 f ! day aft] ! ,epiphany1 9  
memory ( our ,"l's fa/ 9 ! des]t1 aft]  
,he _h be5 baptiz$ by ,john1 :i* took   
place on ! six? day ( ,janu>y1 accord+  
to ! old tradition ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! second 

0 f ! ,w$nesday 9 ,ea/] week1 to        
,:it-,sunday1 to prep>e himself =       
receiv+ ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,! ?ird1 f ! day 
aft] ! ,fe/ival ( ,p5teco/ to ! ,fea/ ( 
,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul1 9 honor ( ^! bless$
 ,apo/les4 ,! f\r?1 f ! day aft] _!     
fe/ival to ! ,assumption1 9 honor ( !   
,bless$ ,virg94 ,! fif? 9 honor ( ,/4   
,mi*ael1 f ! ,assumption to ! fea/ ( t  
angel4 ,! six?1 f t fea/ is ! fir/ (    
,novemb]1 9 honor ( all ! sa9ts4 ,!     
sev5?1 f ,all-,s\ls to ,*ri/mas1 to     
prep>e himself to celebrate ! bir? (    
,*ri/4 ,! eigh?1 f ! ,fea/ ( ,/4 ,/eph5 
to ! ,epiphany1 9 honor ( ! ?ree k+s4   
,?us 0 8 life a p]petual fa/4  ,:5 he   
w5t abroad he ate :atsoev] 0 put be=e   
him1 n only to obs]ve ! direction ( !   
,gospel1 b 9 ord] to ga9 worldl+s to    
,jesus ,*ri/1 by con=m+ to _! ways2 b :5
 9 ! conv5t1 he resum$ 8 habits (       
ab/95ce1 & ?is mode ( life 0 v edify+ to
 laym54 ,! m he advanc$ t[>ds p]fection1
 ! m he mortifi$ himself4 ,we _c =m a m 
correct op9ion ( ! ,evangelical hatr$ he

 bore 8 body1 ?an by notic+ ! t]ms he   
made use ( to express x4 ,aft] hav+     
f9i%$ ,compl91 & sp5t a consid]able "t 9
 pray]1 9 a des]t$ *ur*1 9 :i* he pass$ 
! night1 he wi%$ to take "s re/4 ,z !   
evil spirits prev5t$ him f s do+1 by    
sugge/ions :i* fright5$ him1 & made him 
tremble1 he mu/]$ c\rage1 rose1 made !  
sign ( ! cross1 & said 9 a l\d voice3   
,devils1 ,i decl>e to y f ,almighty     
,god1 t y may use aga9/ me all ! p[]    
giv5 to y by my ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 & d   
all ! h>m y c to my body4 ,i am ready to
 suff] ev]y?+1 & assur$ly y w oblige me 
greatly1 = ?is body is a great burd5 to 
me2 x is ! greate/ enemy ,i h1 ! mo/    
wick$1 & ! mo/ crafty2 & y w rev5ge me  
by s do+4  ,he exhort$ 8 religi\s to    
au/]ity 9 _! food1 9 _! clo?+1 & 9      
ev]y?+ else4 ,= he 0 conv9c$1 z 0 ,/4   
,augu/9e1 t x is difficult to satisfy ! 
dem&s ( ! body1 )\t 9 "s degree         
sacrific+ to s5suality2 & he us$ to say1
 ,our ,savi\r prais$ ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/
 = 8 hav+ clo!d himself co>sely4        

,accord+ to ! words ',behold !y t are   
clo!d 9 s(t g>m5ts1 are 9 ! h\ses (     
k+s1' s(t g>m5ts mu/ n be f\nd 9 ! huts 
( ! poor4 ,i "k by exp]i5ce t ! devils  
fly f ^? :o lead an au/]e life2 & ,/4   
,paul tea*es u1 t !y :o are ,*ri/'s h   
crucifi$ _! fle% ) its vices &          
concupisc5ces4 ,we rememb] t he knew h[ 
to temp] :at seem$ to be excessive 9 !  
mortifications ( 8 bre?r54  ,francis    
taught p]sons to flee f idl5ess4 ,i     
desire1 he said1 t my bre?r5 may "w & be
 occupi$4 ,he :o desires to live by !   
labor ( o!rs1 )\t do+ any?+1 des]ves to 
be nicknam$ ,bro!r ,fly2 because1 do+   
no?+ t is wor? any?+1 & spoil+ :at is   
good1 he becomes odi\s & despicable to  
all ! _w4 ,if he came ^u any "o w&]+    
ab\t1 & )\t occupation1 he appli$ to him
 ^! words ( ! ,apocalypse3 ,because ?\  
art lukew>m1 ,i w beg9 to vomit !e out (
 my m\?4 ,8 example 0 an excell5t lesson
 = n los+ "t1 & fo/]+ ! idl5ess ( !     
fle%2 he employ$ himself always holily1 
& he call$ 8 body bro!r ass1 :i* requir$

 to be well work$1 to be sev]ely beat51 
& to be badly f$4  ,sil5ce 0 n consid]$ 
by him to be a small virtue2 he consid]$
 x z a gu>d to ! purity ( ! he>t1       
accord+ to ! maxim ( wisdom3 ,life &    
dea? are 9 ! p[] ( ! tongue2 by :i* he  
und]/ood ! intemp]ance ( spee*1 z well z
 t ( ta/e4 ,b he pr9cipally wi%$ 8      
bre?r5 to become exact 9 keep+          
,evangelical sil5ce1 :i* consi/s 9      
ab/a9+ f all idle conv]sation1 ( :i* an 
acc\nt mu/ be r5d]$ at ! day ( judgm5t1 
& he sev]ely reprim&$ ^? :o 7 9 ! habit 
( say+ useless ?+s4 ,9 f9e1 8 in/ruction
 01 t !y %\ld endeavor to de/roy all    
vice1 & to mortify ! passions2 & t1 9   
ord] to succe$ 9 ?is endeavor1 e ?+ %\ld
 be cut (f :i* c\ld s]ve z an           
attraction1 &1 !re=e1 t ! ext]ior s5ses 
by :i* dea? ent]s into ! s\l1 %\ld be   
cont9ually mortifi$4  ,z soon z he felt 
! smalle/ temptation1 or if he only     
=esaw x1 he took e precaution = resi/+  
x4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( 8 conv]sion he        
frequ5tly ?rew himself 9 ! dep? ( w9t]1 

into freez+ wat]1 9 ord] to subdue 8    
dome/ic enemy1 & to pres]ve 8 robe (    
innoc5ce )\t /a91 ass]t+ t x is f> less 
pa9ful to a spiritual man to suff] !    
rigor ( ! sev]e/ cold1 ?an to feel      
int]iorly ! slighte/ attack ^u 8 purity4
  ,we h se51 9 8 life1 t he ?rew himself
 into ! mid/ ( ?orns1 to drive away !   
tempt] :o want$ to induce him to mod]ate
 8 wat*+s & 8 pray]s4 ,"o ( 8 actions1 !
 circum/ances ( :i* are ?us relat$ by   
,/4 ,bonav5ture1 %[s h[ great ! purity (
 8 he>t 01 & ) :at =ce he resi/$ !      
impure _s4  ,"o night1 :ile he 0 at     
pray] 9 8 cell1 at ! h]mitage (         
,s>?iano1 he he>d himself call$ ?ree    
times by 8 "n4 ,aft] he _h answ]$1 a    
voice said to him3 ,!re is no s9n] 9 !  
_w :om ,god does n p>don if he be       
conv]t$2 b :oev] kills himself by too   
rigor\s a p5ance1 w nev] f9d m]cy4      
,francis 0 made aw>e by a revelation t  
^! deceitful words emanat$ f ! old      
enemy1 :o wi%$ to induce him to relax 9 
8 au/]ities1 & he soon _h s5sible pro( (

 x1 =1 he :o by 8 brea? sets fire to    
coals1 z holy ,job says1 tempt$ him     
/rongly to s9 aga9/ purity4 ,z soon z he
 became aw>e ( x1 he inflict$ a sev]e   
discipl9e on himself1 say+ to 8 body3 ,o
 bro!r ass6 ?is is :at suits y1 ?is is !
 way 9 :i* y %\ld be *a/is$4 ,! tunic y 
we> is t ( religion1 & is a m>k ( its   
hol9ess4 ,x is n p]mitt$ to "o :o is    
impure to we> x3 t w\ld be a !ft4 ,z !  
devil repres5t$ to him probably t he    
might m>ry & h *ildr51 & h s]vants to   
wait ^u him1 he respond$ to t by turn+ 8
 own body into d]ision1 & treat+ x      
cruelly4 ,) admirable f]vor he bur/ f 8 
cell1 & ?rew himself ^u a l>ge m\nd (   
sn[2 he made sev5 balls ( x ) 8 h&s1 &  
!n said to himself3 ,! l>ge/ ( ^!       
sn[balls is ?y wife1 f\r o!rs are ?y two
 sons & two daught]s1 & ! two la/ are ?y
 man & ?y maid-s]vants4 ,i mu/ ?9k (    
clo?+ !m1 = !y are p]i%+ ) cold4 ,!n he 
add$3 ,if ?is solicitude is ov]p[]+1 ?9k
 h]eaft] ( no?+ else ?an ( s]v+ ,god    
f]v5tly4 ,at ?is ! tempt] fl$1 & ! ,sa9t

 return$ victori\sly to 8 cell4 ,he nev]
 aft] _h a simil> temptation4 ,"o ( 8   
bre?r51 :o 0 at pray] 9 ! g>d51 saw by !
 light ( ! moon :at 0 go+ on1 &         
,francis1 be+ aw>e ( x1 c\ld n avoid    
expla9+ to him ! :ole temptation3 ,b1   
said he1 ,i =bid y /rictly f say+ a ^w  
on ! subject dur+ my lifetime4 ,x 0 only
 kn[n aft] 8 dea?4  ,^? :o "k h[ f> !   
scrupul\sness ( *a/e s\ls w c>ry !m1 w n
 feel surpris$ t1 aft] ! example ( _m   
o!r sa9ts1 he _h put 9 practice su*     
sev]e mortification1 to %ield himself f 
! slighte/ ta9t on 8 purity4 ,8 lively &
 agreeable turn ( m9d are app>5t 9 ! way
 9 :i* he taunt$ 8 body :5 suff]+ f     
extreme cold2 ?is also %[s h[ mu*       
self-possession he _h "u ! sev]e/       
trials1 & by :at s5tim5t he 0 actuat$ 9 
8 p5ances4  ,/4 ,bonav5ture says t1 z a 
skilful ar*itect1 he laid d[n humility =
 ! f\ndation-/one ( 8 spiritual edifice1
 & t x 0 f ,jesus ,*ri/ t he _h acquir$ 
?is wisdom4 ,! f\ndation 0 s solid t    
humility became natural to him1 z well z

 pov]ty1 & ?us x is ju/ly t he is call$ 
! humble ,/4 ,francis4 ,he 0 9 ! eyes ( 
all a mirror ( hol9ess1 b 9 8 own eyes  
he 0 b a s9n]2 on all occasions he s\ght
 to vilify himself1 n only 9 8 own m9d1 
b 9 t ( o!rs4  ,^u "o occasion ,bro!r   
,pacificus1 :ile pray+ ) him 9 a *ur*1 0
 rais$ 9 an ec/asy1 & saw sev]al ?rones 
9 ! heav5s1 among :i* !re 0 "o m spl5did
 ?an ! re/1 ornam5t$ ) preci\s /ones4 ,z
 he 0 pond]+ = :om ?is magnific5t seat  
c\ld be de/9$1 a voice said to him3 ,?is
 0 ! seat ( an angel1 & n[ x is res]v$ =
 ! humble ,francis4 ,"s %ort "t aft]1 :5
 conv]s+ ) ! ,sa9t1 he l$ to ! topic ( !
 k ( "o's self1 & he ask$ him :at idea  
he _h ( himself1 ^u :i* ,/4 ,francis    
answ]$ quickly3 ,i consid] myself !     
greate/ ( s9n]s4 ,pacificus ma9ta9$ t he
 c\ld n consci5ti\sly ei!r say s or ?9k 
s4 ,i am conv9c$1 repli$ ,francis1 t1 if
 ! mo/ crim9al ( m5 _h exp]i5c$ ! great 
m]cies ,i h receiv$ f ,jesus ,*ri/1 he  
w\ld be mu* m grateful = !m ?an ,i am4  
,?is beautiful effusion confirm$        

,pacificus 9 ! op9ion he _h ent]ta9$1 t 
! vision he _h se5 0 a true vision2 & x 
is q 9 accordance ) ! maxim ( ! ,gospel 
t1 :osoev] %all exalt himself1 %all be  
humbl$2 & t he t %all humble himself1   
%all be exalt$4 ,x is humility t raises 
m5 to ^? places f :5ce pride ca/ d[n !  
fall5 angels4  ,we h se5 ! extraord9>y  
?+s :i* ,francis did 9 ord] to humble   
himself2 f ! same motive he felt no     
difficulty 9 mak+ public ! defects he   
?\ght he discov]$ 9 himself4 ,if he f\nd
 himself attack$ by any temptation to   
pride1 va9-glory1 or any o!r s91 he nev]
 fail$ communicat+ x to ^? :o 7 pres5t1 
:e!r !y 7 religi\s or secul>s4 ,"o day  
:5 he 0 foll[$ by a great conc\rse ( p1 
he gave 8 cloak to a poor woman :o _h   
ask$ him = an alms1 & "s m9utes aft] he 
turn$ r\nd to ! cr[d & told !m 9 a l\d  
voice t he _h s9n$ f va+lory 9 s do+4   
,we may imag9e t 8 humility 0 at t mom5t
 v great1 :i* prev5t$ him f di/+ui%+    
betwe5 volunt>y cons5t & ! feel+ ov] :i*
 we h no control4  ,he took great c>e n 

to d any?+ 9 private :i* he %\ld h _h   
any hesitation 9 do+ 9 public1 & :i* 0 n
 9 con=mity ) ! op9ion p _h ( 8         
sanctity4 ,8 illness r5d]$ x necess>y t 
he %\ld eat meat 9 ! ,l5t he kept be=e  
,*ri/mas1 b ?is relaxation consi/$ only 
9 ! use ( l>d2 yet he1 nev]!less1 accus$
 himself ( x 9 public1 z an act (       
gluttony4 ,8 companions h record$ :at he
 said3 ,i wi% to live 9 h]mitages & 9   
o!r solit>y places1 z if ,i 0 se5 by all
 ! _w2 =1 if p h a great op9ion ( me1 & 
,i 7 n to live z !y ?9k ,i d1 ,i %\ld be
 guilty ( sc&al\s hypocrisy4 ,! vic> ( 8
 conv5t sugge/$ t he %\ld p]mit 8 tunic 
to be l9$ ) fox-sk9s1 to keep 8 *e/ w>m1
 :i* 8 disord] _h greatly weak5$4 ,i    
cons5t to ?is1 he repli$1 provid$ y put 
a simil> set ( sk9s outside1 t ! _w may 
"k ! relief :i* is inside also4 ,?is    
condition put a /op to ! proposition4   
,praise mortifi$ him1 & he lik$ t p %\ld
 blame him1 & he rejoic$ 9 be+ despis$4 
,:5 he he>d p express by acclamation !  
m]its ( 8 sanctity1 he made "s ( !      

bre?r5 say to him1 ,y are a vulg> man1  
ignorant & useless 9 ! _w1 a nobody2 &  
:5 he answ]$1 ) pleasure depict$ on 8   
c\nt5ance1 ,may ! ,"l bless y1 my de>   
*ild1 :at y say is q true1 & is exactly 
:at ! son ( ,pet] ,b]n>do des]ves to    
he>4 ,to ^? :o call$ him a sa9t he us$  
to say3 ,d n praise me2 ,i h no         
assurance t ,i %all n s92 a p]son mu/   
nev] be prais$ ^: end _c be kn[n4 ,& he 
address$ ! foll[+ words to himself3     
,francis1 if ! ,mo/ ,high _h be/[$ s _m 
favors on a ?ief z ,he has on y1 he w\ld
 be mu* m grateful ?an y are4  ,"o day  
:5 great honors 7 paid him1 8 companion 
rem>k+ t he receiv$ !m )\t %[+ any      
reluctance1 said3 ,fa!r1 d y n see :at  
!y are do+ 9 y\r honor8 & f> f refus+ to
 receive ! applause manife/$ 9 y\r      
reg>d1 z ,*ri/ian humility requires1 y  
seem to receive !m ) complac5cy4 ,is !re
 any?+ :i* a s]vant ( ! ,"l %\ld m      
s$ul\sly avoid8 ,?is is ! reply :i* !   
holy man made him3 ,bro!r1 al?\gh x may 
appe> to y t !y are pay+ me great       

honors1 nev]!less1 "k t ,i consid] !m z 
little or no?+ 9 comp>ison to ^? :i*    
ought to be paid me4 ,8 companion 0 n   
only surpris$1 b almo/ sc&aliz$1 on he>+
 him utt] su* s5tim5ts2 b1 n to expose 8
 foll[]1 ,francis add$3 ,n[ be att5tive 
to ?is1 & und]/& x prop]ly4 ,i ref] to  
,god all ! honor :i* is paid me1 ,i     
attribute no?+ to myself2 on ! contr>y1 
,i look ^u myself z dirt by my bas5ess4 
,i am z ^? figures ( wood or /one = :i* 
respect is _h4 ,all goes back to :at !y 
repres5t4 ,n[1 :5 m5 "k & honor ,god 9  
,8 creatures1 z !y d 9 me1 :o am ! vile/
 ( all1 x is no small pr(it to _! s\ls4 
,?is is ! magnanim\s humility ( :i* ,/4 
,?omas speaks1 by :i* a man honors 9    
himself ! great gifts ( ,god1 p]mits !m 
to be !re honor$1 & practises great     
virtues to r5d] himself m wor?y to      
receive new ones1 :ile he %r9ks f !     
contemplation ( 8 own m]its4 ,su* 0 !   
humble ,francis1 9 p]mitt+1 = ! glory ( 
,god1 & ! salvation ( 8 neighbor1 t !   
sup]natural gifts :i* _h be5 imp>t$ to  

him1 %\ld be honor$ 9 8 p]son1 :ile he  
himself only consid]$ 8 own no?+ness2 & 
aft]w>ds he retir$ into solit>y places1 
:]e he pass$ :ole nights 9 m$itat+ ^u   
?is no?+ness1 & on ! inf9ite m]cy (     
,god1 :i* _h load$ him ) graces4  ,be+  
"o day ) ,bro!r ,leo 9 "o ( ^!          
solitudes1 & be+ )\t ! books necess>y = 
say+ ! ,div9e ,(fice1 he inv5t$ a sort (
 humiliat+ psalmody = glorify+ ,god dur+
 ! night4 ,my de> bro!r1 he said to     
,leo1 we mu/ n let ?is "t1 :i* is       
consecrat$ to ,god1 pass )\t prais+ ,8  
holy "n1 & confess+ our own mis]y4 ,?is 
is ! v]se :i* ,i w say3 ',o ,bro!r      
,francis6 y h committ$ s _m s9s 9 ?is   
_w1 t y h des]v$ to be plung$ into      
hell4' ,& y1 ,bro!r ,leo1 y\r response w
 be1 ',x is true2 y des]ve to be 9 !    
bottom ( hell4' ,leo promis$1 h[ev]     
repugnant he felt1 to answ] z 8 fa!r    
desir$2 b1 in/ead ( t1 he said3 ,bro!r  
,francis1 ,god w d s mu* good ?r\gh y\r 
means1 t y w be call$ into ,p>adise4 ,! 
,fa!r said to him1 ) w>m?3 ,y don't     

answ] z y ought4 ,"h is ano!r v]se3     
',bro!r ,francis1 y h (f5d$ ,god by s _m
 bad de$s1 t y des]ve all 8             
mal$ictions4' ,answ] to t3 ',y des]ve to
 be among ! numb] ( ! curs$4' ,leo      
promis$ aga92 b :5 ! ,sa9t _h said 8    
v]se1 /rik+ 8 brea/1 & %$d+ abundance ( 
te>s1 ,leo pron\nc$ ^! words3 ,bro!r    
,francis1 ,god w r5d] y su*1 t1 among ^?
 :o are bless$1 y w receive a peculi>   
bless+4 ,:y don't y answ] z ,i desire y8
 said ,francis1 surpris$4 ,i comm& y1 "u
 ob$i5ce1 to repeat ! words :i* ,i am   
go+ to give y4 ,i %all say3 ',o ,bro!r  
,francis1 mis]able man1 aft] s _m crimes
 committ$ aga9/ ! ,fa!r ( m]cies1 & !   
,god ( all consolation1 d y ?9k he w h  
any pity on me8 ,9 tru? y are undes]v+ (
 p>don4' ,bro!r ,leo1 answ] imm$iately3 
',y des]ve no m]cy4' ,leo1 h[ev]1 said3 
,god1 our ,fa!r1 ^: m]cy inf9itely      
surpasses our s9s1 w p>don y all y\r    
s9s1 & w load y ) ,8 favors4  ,!n       
,francis said some:at angrily3 ,:y h y  
d>$ to transgress ! rule ( ob$i5ce1 & to

 answ] s (t5 diff]5tly to :at ,i desir$8
 ,leo excus$ himself mo/ respectfully1  
say+3 ,my v de> ,fa!r1 ,god is my       
witness t ,i _h ea* "t int5d$ to repeat 
! words :i* y _h direct$ me1 b ,he put  
into my m\? ! words ,i utt]$1 & caus$ me
 to speak1 not)/&+ my resolution1       
accord+ to ,8 good pleasure4 ,! humble  
,s]vant ( ,jesus ,*ri/ admir$ ?is       
disposition ( ! ,"l2 b p]si/+1          
nev]!less1 9 8 int5tion ( humbl+        
himself1 he entreat$ ,bro!r ,leo to     
repeat1 at lea/ once1 ! foll[+ words1   
:i* he pron\nc$ ) _m sighs3 ,oh ,bro!r  
,francis1 mis]able little man6 d y ?9k t
 ,god w h m]cy on y1 aft] s _m crimes   
:i* y h committ$8 ,yes1 my ,fa!r1 repli$
 ,leo1 ,god1 y\r ,savi\r1 w h m]cy on y1
 & w grant y great favors4 ,he w exalt  
y1 & glorify y et]nally1 because he :o  
%all humble himself %all be exalt$4     
,nev]!less1 p>don me = n hav+ said :at y
 desir$4 ,x is n ,i :o speak1 x is ,god 
:o speaks 9 me4 ,f9ally ,francis b[$ to 
:at ,leo communicat$ to him1 :o only    

disobey$ him by an impulse ( ! ,holy    
,gho/2 & !y conv]s$ dur+ ! rema9d] ( !  
night on ! great m]cy ( ,god to s9n]s4  
,x has be5 already rem>k$1 ) ,/4        
,bonav5ture1 t ,/4 ,francis _h giv5 to 8
 bre?r5 ! "n ( ,m9ors1 & to _! sup]iors 
t ( ,m9i/]s1 9 ord] t _! v "n %\ld cause
 !m to be humble4 ,^! are ! maxims by   
:i* he us$ to impress ?is ^u !m3--,!    
,son ( ,god debas$ ,himself 9 com+ f !  
bosom ( ,8 ,fa!r to u1 to tea* u        
humility by ,8 example & by ,8 ^w1 z our
 ,"l & ,ma/]4 ,:at is exalt$ 9 ! eyes ( 
man is an abom9ation be=e ,god4 ,man is 
no?+ b :at he is be=e ,god1 & is no?+ m4
 ,x is folly to feel glorifi$ by !      
applause ( man2 x is bett] to be blam$  
?an prais$1 = blame induces ! p]son to  
correct himself1 :ile praise leads to 8 
fall4 ,no man %\ld pride himself = do+  
^? ?+s :i* a s9n] may d z well z he4 ,a 
s9n] may fa/1 pray1 weep1 mac]ate 8     
body1 b :at he _c d1 z long z he is a   
s9n]1 is to be fai?ful to 8 ,god4 ,n[1  
?is is :at we may glory 91 to r5d] to   

,god ! glory :i* is due to ,him1 to s]ve
 ,him fai?fully1 & to return ) l        
fidelity all t ,he has giv54 ,happy !   
s]vant :o f9ds himself z humble amid/ 8 
bre?r51 inf]iors l himself1 z 9 pres5ce 
( 8 sup]iors6 ,happy ! s]vant :o does n 
believe himself bett] :5 m5 load him )  
praises1 ?an :5 he appe>s 9 _! eyes     
simple1 vile1 abject & despicable6      
,happy ! s]vant :o be>s reprim&+ )      
meekness1 :o ackn[l$ges 8 fault )       
humility1 & volunt>ily puni%es x2 :o is 
suffici5tly humble to receive a reprim& 
)\t (f]+ an excuse4 ,happy ! religi\s :o
 has n be5 desir\s ( ! elevation he has 
atta9$1 & :o always wi%es to be at !    
feet ( ! o!rs6 ,woe to ! religi\s :o has
 be5 rais$ by ! re/ to an honorable     
position1 & :o has n ! incl9ation to    
desc5d f x4  ,! example ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 
:o 0 ob$i5t unto dea?1 ev5 to ! dea? ( !
 cross1 inspir$ ,/4 ,francis ) great    
love = ob$i5ce4 ,al?\gh he 0 appo9t$    
sup]ior by ord] ( ,god & ( ! ,pope1 he 0
 always desir\s ( obey+ r ?an comm&+4 ,9

 8 travels1 he promis$ ob$i5ce to him :o
 accompani$ him1 & he rigidly kept t    
promise4 ,"o day he communicat$ ! foll[+
 9 confid5ce to 8 companions3 ,among all
 ! graces :i* ,i h receiv$ f ! b\nty (  
,god1 ?is is "o1 t1 if !y 7 to appo9t a 
novice ( an h\r's /&+ to be my gu>dian1 
,i w\ld obey him z implicitly z if he 0 
! olde/ & ! mo/ s]i\s ( our bre?r54 ,he 
0 n satisfi$ ) hav+ r5\nc$ be+ ,g5]al ( 
! ,ord]1 to obey ! ,vic>-,g5]al2 he ask$
 ,bro!r ,elias1 :o fill$ t position to  
give him a gu>dian1 on ^: w he %\ld     
dep5d 9 all ?+s4 ,bro!r ,angelo ( ,rieti
 0 giv5 to him1 & he obey$ him ) entire 
submission4  ,! in/ructions he gave 8   
bre?r5 on ! subject ( ob$i5ce conta9$   
all ! p]fection :i* c\ld be giv5 !m3    
#a/4 ,to r5\nce _! own w1 & to look ^u x
 z ! =bidd5 fruit1 :i* our fir/ p>5ts   
c\ld n eat ( )\t be+ guilty4 #b;d4 ,to  
ab&on !mselves :olly to _! sup]ior1 s t 
!y %\ld nei!r d nor say any?+ :i* !y "k 
he w\ld n approve (2 & t !y %\ld d :at  
he wi%es ! mom5t he has spok51 )\t wait+

 = 8 speak+ a second "t4 #c;d4 ,n to    
exam9e :e!r :at is ord]$ is difficult or
 impossible1 =1 said ,/4 ,francis3 ,:5  
,i ord] any?+ :i* is above y\r /r5g?1   
holy ob$i5ce w enable y to effect x4    
#d?4 ,to submit _! lights to ^? ( !     
sup]ior1 n ) a view ( obey+ him 9 any?+ 
manife/ly contr>y to salvation1 b to act
 ^u 8 views1 al?\gh !y may ?9k _! own   
bett] & m useful4 #e?4 ,n to consid] !  
man1 nor 8 qualifications1 9 ! ob$i5ce  
!y b[ to1 b ! au?ority he has1 ! place  
he fills1 & ! greatness ( ,him = ^: love
 !y are subject to man4  ,?is la/ po9t  
is ! greate/ sacrifice ( a religi\s     
life2 b a necess>y sacrifice1 "o :i* is 
j1 & wor?y ( ,god1 & ! mo/ c]ta9 pro( t 
our ob$i5ce is gr\nd$ on our love =     
,god4 ,x is n difficult to foll[ !      
dictates ( a sup]ior ( ackn[l$g$ tal5t &
 m]it2 ! h>d%ip is to submit ) humility1
 )\t remon/rance or murmur1 to "o :o has
 n ^! qualifications4 ,?is also x is :i*
 enhances 9 ! eyes ( ,god ! value (     
religi\s ob$i5ce2 x may !n be consid]$ z

 a sort ( m>tyrdom ( ! m9d1 z well z t (
 ! body1 :i* w receive its cr[n 9 heav54
 ,nev]!less1 x is requisite to be       
cauti\s1 le/ antipa?y or "s o!r motive1 
& ! natural revolt ( ! human he>t aga9/ 
au?ority1 %\ld cause a sup]ior to appe> 
contemptible1 :o really is n s4 ,f9ally1
 ! religi\s are highly int]e/$ 9        
practic+ holy ob$i5ce1 :oev] may be !   
sup]ior2 x is1 z ,/4 ,francis rem>ks1 s 
abundant 9 fruits1 t su* z b5d to ! yoke
 pass n a mom5t ( _! lives )\t "s       
spiritual pr(it3 x increases virtue1 &  
procures peace to ! s\l4  ,he 0 ask$ "o 
day1 :o 0 to be consid]$ to be truly    
ob$i5t1 & he in/anc$ a dead body4 ,take1
 said he1 a dead body1 & place x :]e y  
please2 y w see t x %[s no repugnance at
 its removal1 x utt]s no compla9t at its
 situation1 nor ( dissatisfaction at be+
 left :]e x is4 ,if y put x 9 an        
honorable place1 its eyes w rema9 clos$1
 x w n raise !m4 ,if y clo! x 9 purple1 
x w only be pal] ?an be=e4 ,t is true   
ob$i5ce2 x asks no reason z to :y x is  

put 9 motion1 x is indiff]5t z to :]e x 
is plac$1 & does n require to be        
remov$4--,if a ,m9or is rais$ to !      
dignity ( sup]ior1 he rema9s equally    
humble2 ! m he is honor$1 ! m does he   
?9k himself unwor?y ( x4 ,i h (t51 he   
said1 se5 a bl9d man l$ by a little dog1
 ! man w5t :]ev] 8 guide took him1 9    
good roads & 9 bad4 ,?is is ano!r       
resemblance ( "o :o is p]fectly ob$i5t2 
he %\ld %ut 8 eyes1 & be bl9d to !      
comm&s ( 8 sup]ior1 ?9k ( no?+ b        
submitt+ imm$iately to him1 )\t /opp+ to
 exam9e :e!r ! ?+ be difficult or n1    
only keep+ 9 view ! au?ority ( him :o   
gives ! ord]1 & ! m]it ( ob$i5ce4       
,disob$i5ce is insupportable2 he        
consid]$ x z ! un=tunate (fspr+ ( pride1
 :i* is ! s\rce ( all evils1 & ( :i* he 
_h great horror4 ,"o day :ile pray+ 9 8 
cell1 & m$itat+ betwe5 ,god & 8 bre?r51 
he saw 9 _s "o ( !m :o refus$ to p]=m ! 
p5ance impos$ on him 9 *apt] by !       
vic>-g5]al1 & excus+ himself z to !     
fault ( :i* he _h be5 accus$4 ,he call$ 

8 companion1 & said3 ,i saw on ! %\ld]s 
( ?is insubord9ate bro!r ! devil1 :o 0  
wr++ 8 neck1 & lead+ him z by a bridle4 
,i pray$ = him1 & ! devil1 aba%$1 loos$ 
8 hold imm$iately4 ,g to him1 & tell him
 to b5d imm$iately to ! yoke ( ob$i5ce1 
,9 fact1 ! bro!r did submit z soon z he 
0 told ?is1 & ?rew himself humbly at !  
feet ( 8 sup]ior4  ,ano!r1 :o _h err$ 9 
"s way aga9/ ob$i5ce1 0 br\ght to       
,francis1 t he might correct him2 b he  
appe>$ s p5it5t1 t ! ,sa9t1 :o lik$ !   
humility ( rep5tance1 felt himself      
incl9$ to p>don ! fault4 ,nev]!less1 le/
 ! facility ( p>don %\ld be abus$1 & to 
%[ :at *a/isem5t disob$i5ce des]ves1 he 
ord]$ 8 c[l to be tak5 f him1 & ?r[n    
into ! fire4 ,"s m9utes aft]1 he desir$ 
x to be tak5 out ( ! fire1 & to be      
return$ to him1 :5 x 0 f\nd t ! fire _h 
n injur$ x 9 ! lea/2 ,god hav+ %[n by 8 
miracle1 ,/4 ,bonav5ture obs]ves1 ! p[] 
,he gave to ,8 ,s]vant1 & h[ agreeable  
to ,him humble rep5tance is4  ,! conduct
 ( ! holy ,f\nd] 0 m sev]e to "o ( 8    

bre?r51 :o 0 ob/9ately disob$i5t4 ,he   
desir$ ! o!rs to put him into a pit1 &  
to fill x up ) e>?1 9 ord] to bury him  
alive2 :5 !y _h fill$ x up to 8 *9 he   
said3--,bro!r1 are y dead8 ,! religi\s1 
absorb$ 9 grief1 repli$3 ,yes1 ,fa!r1 & 
,i ought to die 9 reality = my s94      
,francis1 mov$ by compassion1 _h him dug
 out1 say+3 ,come =? f !nce1 if y are   
truly dead1 z a good religi\s ought to  
be1 to ! _w & its concupisc5ces4 ,obey !
 smalle/ sign ( ! w ( y\r sup]iors1 &   
make no m resi/ance to _! ord]s ?an a   
dead body c\ld d4 ,i wi% = foll[]s1 n   
liv+1 b ^? :o are dead4  ,he once call$ 
,bro!r ,junip] to employ him a little   
:ile1 & ?is bro!r n hav+ imm$iately     
obey$1 because he 0 busy 9 plant+ a     
junip] tree1 he curs$ ! tree t x %\ld   
nev] gr[1 & x rema9$ always 9 a dw>f    
/ate4 ,! ,fa!rs ( ! ,des]t 7 simil>ly   
exact 9 _! att5tion to ob$i5ce1 insomu* 
z to leave a lett] unf9i%$ :5 !y _h to  
att5d to ! ord]s ( a sup]ior4  ,!       
virtues ( ,/4 ,francis1 :i* we h        

record$1 & ^? :i* we h yet to n>rate1 7 
cultivat$ by ! ex]cise ( pray]4 ,he _h !
 gift z soon z he 0 call$ to ! s]vice ( 
,god2 & he foll[$ x up s fai?fully1 t he
 consecrat$ to x 8 he>t1 8 body1 all 8  
actions1 & all 8 "t4 ,9-doors1 or out ( 
doors1 walk+ or seat$1 work+ or re/+1 8 
m9d 0 always rais$ to heav52 he seem$ to
 live ) ! angels4 ,z he 0 always        
diffid5t ( himself1 he _h rec\rse to    
pray]1 & consult$ ! ,almighty1 ) p]fect 
confid5ce 9 ,8 goodness1 9 all t ,he _h 
to d4 ,al?\gh he c\ld pray 9 any place  
he might happ5 to be 91 nev]!less1 he   
f\nd solit>y spots be/ adapt$ =         
recollection2 he s\ght !m out1 & (t5    
retir$ to !m4 ,?is %[s u :y he made s _m
 h\ses ( 8 ,ord]1 :]e !re _h previ\sly  
be5 h]mitages only4  ,c>eful 9 att5d+ to
 ! int]ior calls ( ! ,holy ,_s1 if he   
p]ceiv$ "o com+ on1 he let 8 companions 
g =w>d1 & /opp$1 n to receive x 9 va91 &
 to enjoy x to its full ext5t4 ,:5 he   
pray$ 9 community1 he avoid$ all ext]ior
 signs1 :i* might discov] ! secret      

dispositions ( 8 m9d1 because he lov$   
secrecy4 ,he did n f9d ! precaution     
difficult1 because he 0 :olly absorb$ 9 
8 int]ior1 & unit$ himself s intimately 
to ,god1 t he 0 almo/ )\t ext]ior       
motion4 ,if x happ5$ t he 0 surpris$ by 
a visit f heav5 9 ! pres5ce ( 8 bre?r51 
he _h always some?+ ready to propose to 
!m1 to take (f _! att5tion4 ,:5 he      
return$ f pray]1 9 :i* he _h be5        
m>vell\sly trans=m$1 he /rove to con=m  
himself to 8 bre?r51 le/ :at !y might   
p]ceive might draw f !m applause1 :i*   
w\ld deprive him ( 8 rew>d by inspir+   
him ) vanity4  ,b 9 ! solitudes he 0 "u 
no re/ra9t1 & gave 8 he>t entire lib]ty4
 ,! woods res\nd$ ) 8 sacr$ sighs &     
lam5ts1 ! e>? 0 moi/5$ ) 8 te>s1 & he   
/ruck 8 brea/ ) viol5ce4 ,sometimes he  
address$ himself to ,god z to 8         
,sov]eign ,"l2 sometimes he spoke to    
,him z to 8 ,judge2 sometimes he pray$  
to ,him z to 8 ,fa!r2 & at o!r times1 he
 conv]s$ ) ,him z a fri5d conv]ses ) 8  
,fri5d4 ,he solicit$ ! p>don ( s9n]s )  

l\d & en]getic exclamations2 & he       
express$ 8 horror at ! ,passion ( ,jesus
 ,*ri/ 9 l\d lam5ts1 z if he _h be5     
pres5t at x4 ,all ?is 0 se5 & he>d by "s
 "o or o!r ( 8 companions1 :o _h !      
p>donable curiosity to wat* 8 proce$+s4 
,! devils torm5t$ him sev]ely dur+ 8    
pray]s1 & t 9 a v s5sible mann]1 z ,/4  
,bonav5ture in=ms u2 b1 protect$ by     
cele/ial aid1 he cont9u$ 8 pray]s )     
additional f]vor1 9 proportion to !     
ef=ts !y made to di/ract him4  ,god     
favor$ him ) ! gift ( contemplation 9 a 
sublime degree4 ,8 companions be>       
witness t !y h (t5 se5 him 9 a /ate (   
ec/asy1 9 :i* he _h lo/ all ! use ( 8   
s5ses1 & 9 :i* all ! p[]s ( 8 s\l 7     
susp5d$4 ,once !y saw him1 dur+ ! night1
 rais$ f ! gr\nd1 & 8 arms ext5d$ 9 !   
%ape ( a cross1 surr\nd$ by a lum9\s    
cl\d1 z if to betok5 ! ,div9e light :i* 
fill$ 8 m9d4 ,/4 ,bonav5ture says t !y  
_h effici5t pro( t ,god at su* times    
reveal$ to him "s ( ! great secrets ( ,8
 wisdom2 b ,8 fai?ful ,s]vant only made 

su* p>ts ( !m kn[n z 7 = ! glory ( 8    
,ma/]1 or ! utility ( 8 neighbor4  ,"o (
 8 bre?r51 n f9d+ him "o ev5+ 9 8 cell1 
w5t to look = him 9 ! wood4 ,hav+       
p5etrat$ a %ort di/ance into x1 he he>d 
him pray+1 ) l\d cries1 = ! salvation ( 
m51 & address+ ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ) mov+  
sighs1 humbly implor+ h] to %[ him h]   
,son4 ,he !n saw ! ,bless$ ,"m ( ,god   
desc5d f ,heav51 ) great spl5dor1 &     
place h] ,son into ! arms ( ,francis1 :o
 receiv$ ,him z ,simeon _h receiv$ ,him 
9 ! temple ( ,j]usalem1 ) ! pr(\nde/    
respect2 he c>ess$ ! ,infant mo/ t5d]ly1
 entreat+ ,him = ! conv]sion ( s9n]s1 & 
! salvation ( ! _w4 ,at ?is sight !     
religi\s fell on ! gr\nd1 half dead1 &  
rema9$ on ! spot :]e he fell4 ,"h !     
,sa9t f\nd him1 z he 0 return+ to !     
conv5t = ,mat9s2 he br\ght him to       
himself f ?is fa9t+1 b /rictly =bade him
 f tell+ any "o :at _h occurr$2 b he1   
?9k+ x = ! glory ( ,god n to be oblig$  
to obey 9 ?is in/ance1 communicat$ !    
m>vel to all ! o!rs4  ,a novice :om !   

holy ,patri>* _h receiv$1 & :om he 0    
tak+ to ! conv5t ( ! novitiate1 wi%$ to 
"k :at he did dur+ ! night4 ,9 ord] to  
succe$1 he ti$ 8 cord to t ( ! ,fa!r1   
:om he saw asleep 9 ! fields1 9 :i* !y  
_h be5 oblig$ to rema91 & laid himself  
d[n ne> him1 9 ord] t he might be r\s$ z
 soon z he %\ld /ir4 ,a few h\rs        
aft]w>ds1 ,francis wi%$ to get up1 b    
f9d+ himself fa/5$ by ! cord1 he unti$ !
 knot1 & w5t to pray "u "s neighbor+    
trees4 ,! novice1 n f9d+ him :5 he      
awoke1 w5t to seek him "u ! trees4 ,a   
cele/ial light caus$ him to draw ne> a  
spot1 :]e he /opp$1 & f :5ce he saw     
,jesus ,*ri/1 surr\nd$ by angels1 ,8    
,bless$ ,"m1 & ,john ! ,bapti/1 :o 7 9  
conv]sation ) him4 ,8 a/oni%m5t made him
 fall on ! gr\nd1 :]e he rema9$ till    
,francis1 to :om ,god _h imp>t$ !       
circum/ances1 came & rais$ him up1 &    
re/or$ him to 8 s5ses1 =bidd+ him to    
speak ( ! vision4 ,! "y man1 :o cont9u$ 
to live v holily1 kept ! secret2 b1 aft]
 ,francis's dea?1 he publi%$ :at he _h  

se54  ,god *ose t 8 ,s]vant %\ld be     
respect$ 9 ! secret retirem5ts to :i* he
 w5t to pray1 & t he %\ld n be di/urb$  
at ^? times4 ,! ,bi%op ( ,assisi knew   
?is by 8 own exp]i5ce4 ,"o day1 :5 he _h
 come to ! ,conv5t ( ,portiuncula1 z he 
frequ5tly did1 he wi%$ to g at once into
 ! cell :]e ! ,sa9t 0 at pray]2 b       
sc>cely _h he se5 him 9 t attitude1 :5  
he 0 pu%$ back by an invisible h&1 8    
body became /iff1 & he 0 unable to      
speak4 ,mu* a/oni%$ at ?is accid5t1 he  
made 8 way back1 z well z he c\ld1 to ! 
o!r bre?r52 ,god re/or$ 8 voice1 & he   
made use ( x1 to ackn[l$ge t he _h      
committ$ a fault4 ,! ,cele/ial ,sp\se1 9
 ! ,canticles1 conjures ! daught]s (    
,j]usalem1 n to awak5 h] :om he loves1 &
 n to di/urb h] repose until %e awakes (
 h] own accord4 ,/4 ,b]n>d1 on ?is1 says
 t su* z are giv5 to pray] %\ld n be    
tr\bl$ ab\t useless affairs1 & t ^? :o  
di/urb !m :5 !y are conv]s+ ) ,god1     
become enemies ( heav54  ,9 consequ5ce (
 ! k :i* ,francis _h ( ! sweets & fruits

 ( m5tal pray]1 he con/antly urg$ 8     
bre?r5 to practise x1 & !y pr(it$ s     
fully by 8 in/ructions1 t mo/ ( !m      
became spiritual & contemplative m54 ,a 
religi\s1 he said1 mu/ pr9cipally desire
 to acquire ! _s ( pray]4 ,i believe t1 
)\t ?is1 peculi> favors _c be obta9$ f  
,god1 nor any great progress made 9 ,8  
s]vice4 ,:5 "o is sorr[ful & uneasy1 he 
%\ld h imm$iate rec\rse to pray]1 &     
rema9 be=e 8 ,heav5ly ,fa!r1 until su*  
"t z ! joy ( salvation is re/or$ to him4
 ,if "o rema9s 9 ?is /ate ( depression &
 di/urbance1 ?is disposition1 :i* comes 
f ,babylon1 w increase1 & produce ru/1  
unless x be purifi$ by te>s4  ,he taught
 !m to %un ! tumult ( ! _w1 & to seek = 
solit>y places 9 :i* to pray1 because he
 knew t ! ,holy ,gho/ communicates      
,himself m intimately to s\ls 9 su*     
places2 b he recomm5d$ !m to be p]fectly
 secret z to ! favors !y might receive2 
8 maxim be+1 t a sl5d] human            
communication (t5 causes ! loss ( t :i* 
is ( ine/imable value1 & has ! effect ( 

prev5t+ ! ,"l f aga9 communicat+ :at ,he
 _h previ\sly giv52 t :5 "o is visit$ by
 ,god1 he %\ld say3 ,x is ,?\1 ,o ,"l6  
:o ha/ s5t me ?is consolation f         
,heav51--to me :o am a s9n]1 :olly      
unwor?y ( ?y b\nty4 ,i commit x back to 
,?y keep+2 = ,i feel myself capable (   
/eal+ ,?y treasure f ,!e2 & :5 he       
returns f pray]1 he %\ld %[ z mu*       
humility & self-contempt z if he _h     
receiv$ no peculi> favor4  ,all ! ma/]s 
( spiritual life h _h simil> op9ions ( !
 value ( m5tal pray] z ?is contemplative
 ,sa9t1 & !y h po9t$ out ! necessity ( x
 = advanc+ 9 ! ways ( virtue4 ,/4 ,t]esa
 wrote s sublimely on ?is practice1 t ! 
,*ur* prays to ,god t h] ,heav5ly       
doctr9e may be our n\ri%m5t4 ,%e decl>es
 t %e 0 ne> be+ lo/1 f hav+ giv5 x up1 b
 t our ,"l _h done h] ! signal favor to 
urge h] to resume x2 %e exhorts all to  
apply !mselves to x1 ev5 %\ld !y make b 
small progress 9 x1 because x is always 
useful1 &1 if p]sev]$ 91 w be att5d$ )  
great b5efit4 ,?is is :at directors     

might repres5t to ^? :o s]i\sly wi% to  
att5d to _! salvation1 & to say to !m1 )
 ! same sa9t1 t m5tal pray] is no?+ else
 b hold+ fri5dly int]c\rse ) ,god1 (t5  
rema9+ alone 9 conv]sation ) ,him1 :o1  
we "k1 loves u4  ,! practice ( m5tal    
pray] no way dim9i%$ ! zeal ( ,/4       
,francis = vocal pray]1 :i* e ,*ri/ian  
ought to resort to z he did4 ,vocal     
pray] 0 practis$ & taught by ,jesus     
,*ri/2 ! ,*ur* employs x 9 h] public    
wor%ip4 ,we require x1 says ,/4 ,au/91  
to assi/ our memory & und]/&+1 & to     
animate our f]vor2 f9ally1 ,god desires 
t we %\ld (f] to ,him a sacrifice (     
praise1 & t x %all be ! fruits ( our    
lips & he>ts1 giv+ glory to ,8 "n1      
because our body & s\l belong to ,him4  
,piety _h inspir$ ! holy man to compose 
vocal pray]s on v>i\s subjects1 :i* he  
(t5 repeat$1 & "s ( :i* he recit$ daily4
 ,he said ! ,"l's ,pray]1 ) p>ticul>    
devotion1 weigh+ all ! words1 & m$itat+ 
on ! s5se !y conta91 z is se5 by !      
p>aphrase ( x he compos$1 & :i* we ?9k x

 useful to ins]t at l5g?3  ',our ,fa!r1'
 mo/ happy & mo/ holy1 our ,creator1 our
 ,r$eem]1 & our ,consol]4 ',:o art 9    
,heav52' 9 ! angels1 9 ! sa9ts1 9 !     
illum9at$1 9 ord] t !y may "k ,!e1 :o   
inflame/ !m by ,?y love2 =1 ,o ,"l6 ,?\ 
are ! ,light & ! ,love :o dwelle/ 9 !m1 
& ,?\ art _! ,beatitude by satiat+ !m3  
,?\ art ! ,sov]eign & ,et]nal ,good1 f  
:om all good proce$s1 & )\t ,!e !re is  
no o!r good4 ',hall[$ be ,?y "n3' 9 ord]
 ?us to make ,?yself kn[n to u by vivid 
lights1 s t we may see ! full ext5t (   
,?y b\nty1 ! duration ( ,?y promises1 ! 
sublimity ( ,?y maje/y1 & ! dep? ( ,?y  
judgm5t4 ',?y ,k+dom come3' 9 ord] t ,?\
 maye/ reign 9 u by grace1 & t ,?\ maye/
 br+ u to ,?y ,k+dom1 :]e ,?\ art cle>ly
 & p]fectly lov$1 :]e we become happy 9 
,?y society1 & :]e ,?\ art et]nally     
enjoy$4 ',?y w be done on e>? z x is 9  
,heav53' 9 ord] t we may love ,!e ') our
 :ole he>ts1' ?9k+ always ( ,!e ') our  
:ole s\l1' ev] long+ = ,!e1 ') all our  
m9d1' ref]r+ to ,!e all our views1 seek+

 ,?y glory 9 all ?+s2 ') all our /r5g?1'
 employ+ 9 ,?y s]vice1 = ,?y love1 all !
 /r5g?1' ( our bodies & s\ls1 )\t mak+  
any o!r use ( !m2 t we may love our     
neighbor z ourselves1 us+ all our ef=ts 
to draw !m to ,?y love2 rejoic+ 9 all ! 
good t happ5s to !m1 z if x 0 our own2  
be+ griev$ at any ills :i* may befall   
!m1 & giv+ (f5ce to none4 ',give u ?is  
day our daily bread3' x is ,?y belov$   
,son1 ,jesus ,*ri/2 we ask ,!e = ,him1 9
 ord] to rem9d u ( ! love ,he has %[n u1
 & ( :at ,he has said1 done & endur$ =  
u2 we ask ,!e to make u fully compreh5d 
^! ?+s1 & cause u to rev]e !m4 ',=give u
 our trespasses1' by ,?y inf9ite m]cy1  
by ! passion ( ,?y belov$ ,son1 our ,"l 
,jesus ,*ri/1 by ! m]its & int]cession (
 ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y1 & ( all ! elect4
 ',z we =give !m t trespass aga9/ u3'   
:at may be n altoge!r remitt$ on our "p1
 grant u ! favor1 ,o ,"l6 to remit      
entirely1 9 ord] t1 = love ( ,!e1 we may
 s9c]ely love our enemies1 & may int]c$e
 = !m f]v5tly at ,?y ?rone2 t we may n  

r5d] to any "o evil = evil1 & t 9 ,!e we
 may endeavor to d good to all4 ',& lead
 u n into temptation1' hidd51 manife/1  
sudd51 griev\s4 ',b deliv] u f evil3'1  
pa/1 pres5t1 & to come4 ,am53 will+ly & 
gratuit\sly ,^! two words %[ t he       
ard5tly desir$ :at he pray$ =2 & t x 0  
purely = ! glory ( ,god1 )\t any        
temporal int]e/4  ,he recit$ ! ,div9e   
,(fices ) a devotion full ( respect1 & )
 great f]vor4 ,/4 ,bonav5ture says t1   
al?\gh he suff]$ greatly f pa9s 9 8     
head1 f 8 /oma*1 & f 8 liv]1 he nev]    
leant :ile recit+ x2 t he /ood dur+ !   
:ole "t1 ) 8 head uncov]$1 8 eyes look+ 
d[n4 ,9 travell+1 he always /opp$ to say
 x2 h[ev] mu* x might ra91 he nev]      
omitt$ ?is pi\s practice1 & he gave ?is 
reason = x3 ,if ! body re/s1 9 ord] to  
take its food1 :i* w1 z well z himself1 
soon become ! food ( worms1 ) h[ mu*    
tranquillity ought ! s\l to take its    
spiritual n\ri%m5t1 :i* is to cause x to
 live et]nally6  ,! v]se1 ,gloria       
,patri1 etc41 made a lively impression  

on 8 he>t2 once he repeat$ x 9          
?ankfulness to ,god = ,8 b\nty aft] ea* 
v]se ( ! ,magnificat1 :i* ,bro!r ,leo 0 
recit+1 & he exhorts all to say x       
frequ5tly4 ,a lay bro!r1 :o 0 /rongly   
tempt$ to apply himself to /udy1 hav+   
come to ask 8 p]mission1 0 told3 ,my de>
 ,bro!r1 le>n ! ,gloria ,patri1 & y w "k
 ! :ole ( ! ,holy ,scriptures4--,! bro!r
 obey$1 & _h no fur!r temptation on t   
head4  ,! di/ractions :i* 8 lively      
imag9ation caus$ him dur+ ! holy        
ex]cises1 appe>$ to him to be great     
faults1 & he nev] fail$ to confess !m1 &
 to expiate !m by p5ance1 ass]t+ t we   
ought to be a%am$ ( be+ di/ract$ by     
trifles :5 speak+ to ! great ,k+4 ,once 
dur+ ,ti]ce1 ! ?\ght ( a little vase :i*
 he _h made came into 8 head1 & call$ (f
 8 att5tion2 he imm$iately w5t & took x1
 & ?rew x into ! fire1 say+3 ,i w       
sacrifice x to ! ,"l1 ^: sacrifice x has
 h9d]$4 ,b he acquir$ ! habit ( recit+ !
 ,(fice s att5tively1 t ?is sort (      
di/ractions seldom importun$ him4  ,8   

application 0 equally /rong & respectful
 9 recit+ ! psalms1 z if ,god _h be5    
pres5t 9 a s5sible mann]2 & he f\nd s   
mu* sweetness 9 ! "n ( ,god1 t he seem$ 
to h ! ta/e ( sweetness on 8 lips1 aft] 
hav+ pron\nc$ x4 ,?us ! ,prophet said to
 ! ,"l3 ,h[ sweet are ?y words to my    
palate6 m ?an honey to my m\?4 ,francis 
_h also an int]ior joy 9 pron\nc+ ! holy
 "n ( ,jesus1 :i* communicat$ itself to 
8 ext]ior1 & produc$ on 8 s5ses a simil>
 effect z if he _h ta/$ some?+ agreeable
 to 8 palate1 or he>d "s h>moni\s s\nds4
  ,he desir$ t all ! holy names %\ld be 
peculi>ly rev]5c$1 n only :5 p ?\ght (  
!m1 or pron\nc$ !m1 b :5ev] !y saw !m   
writt54 ,?is is ! reason :y1 9 8 la/ w1 
he recomm5ds 8 bre?r5 to pick !m up %\ld
 !y f9d !m scatt]$ ab\t 9 unseemly      
places1 & put !m 9 a bett] locality1 le/
 !y %\ld be disrespectfully trampl$ ^u4 
,?is mu/ be consid]$ n z a m]e nicety ( 
feel+1 b z a s5tim5t inspir$ by fai?1   
:i* tea*es u to v5]ate ! ^w ( ,god4 ,if 
a great bi%op has ?\ght x prop] to      

comp>e ! abuse ( ! sacr$ ^w1 :5 x is    
ann\nc$1 to ! pr(anation ( ! ,body      
itself ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 may we n1 9 !    
same _s1 say t he :o p]mits t ^w to be  
trampl$ ^u :5 x is writt51 becomes 9 "s 
measure z guilty z if he _h all[$ !     
,sacr$ ,body ( our ,savi\r to be treat$ 
) simil> indignity8  ,x 0 ! love ( ,god 
:i* gave ,/4 ,francis s mu* zeal = m5tal
 pray]1 z well z = t :i* is vocal4 ,he  
s\ght 8 ,belov$1 f :om he 0 only sep>at$
 by ! wall ( 8 fle%4 ,to be pres5t to   
,him 9 _s1 & to contemplate ,him1 7 8   
sole consolations1 & 8 anxiety to ga9 ^!
 0 int5se4 ,b !n ! frequ5t ex]cise (    
pray] increas$ 8 love1 & inflam$ x to t 
degree1 t ,/4 ,bonav5ture does n ?9k x  
possible to f9d words to express x4 ,?is
 ,div9e *>ity p5etrat$ 8 :ole int]ior1 z
 fire p5etrates a burn+ coal4 ,only by  
he>+ ! t]m ( ! love ( ,god pron\nc$1 he 
0 mov$ & inflam$1 & ?is movem5t made !  
affections ( 8 s\l ?rill1 z ! /r+s ( a  
musical in/rum5t s\nd on be+ t\*$4  ,to 
incite himself m & m to ! love ( ,god1  

he made use ( all creatures1 z ( s _m   
mirrors1 9 :i* he view$ ! ,supreme      
,reason1 ! ,sov]eign ,beauty1 & !       
,pr9ciple ( be+ & ( life4 ,!y 7 = him z 
s _m /eps by :i* he rais$ & unit$       
himself to ! object ( 8 love1 z s _m    
/reamlets 9 :i* he ta/$1 ) inconceivable
 unction1 ! ,inf9ite ,purity ( ! s\rce f
 :5ce all t is good is d]iv$2 s _m      
delightful /ra9s ^: h>mony res\nd$ on 8 
e>s1 & :i*1 z ,david 9 8 psalms1 he     
invit$ to praise & glorify ,him :o _h   
giv5 !m _! be+4 ,:olly inflam$ ) love1  
he pray$ to be enabl$ to love /ill m1 & 
he address$ ! foll[+ pray] to ,god1 :i* 
is f\nd among 8 works3 ,grant1 ,o ,"l6 t
 ! mild vehem5ce ( ,?y ard5t love may   
sep>ate me f ev]y?+ :i* is "u ,heav51 & 
may consume me entirely1 9 ord] t ,i may
 die = ! love ( ,?y love1 s9ce x 0 = !  
love ( my love t ,?\ did/ deign to die4 
,i solicit ?is ?r\gh ,?yself1 ,o ,son ( 
,god6 :o live/ & reigne/ ) ! ,fa!r & !  
,holy ,gho/ = ev] & ev]4 ,am54  ,& "h is
 ano!r1 :i* he us$ to say e day3 ,my    

,god & my ,all1 :o art ,?\1 ,o sweet    
,"l6 & :o am ,i1 ,?y s]vant1 a mis]able 
worm8 ,i wi% to love ,!e1 mo/ holy ,"l1 
,i wi% to love ,!e4 ,o ,god6 ,i h       
consecrat$ to ,!e my he>t & my body4 ,if
 ,i _h ! means ( do+ m = ,!e1 ,i w\ld d 
x1 & ,i ard5tly wi% ,i _h ! means4  ,?is
 poor ,evangelical c\ld n give m to ,god
 ?an 8 body & s\l4 ,he cont9ually (f]$ !
 sacrifice ( 8 body1 by ! rigor ( 8     
fa/s1 & t ( 8 s\l1 by ! vehem5ce ( 8    
desires2 by :i*1 says ,/4 ,bonav5ture1  
he con=m$ 9 a spiritual mann] to !      
practice ( ! ,old ,law1 :i* 0 to (f]    
holocau/s out ( ! tab]nacle1 & to burn  
inc5se )9 x4  ,! sacrifice ( 8 desires  
w5t to a great ext5t4 ,= ! love ( ,god  
he _h r5\nc$ all ! ?+s ( ?is e>?2 he _h 
/ripp$ himself ( ev]y?+2 he _h embrac$ !
 sev]e/ pov]ty1 & practis$ ! mo/ au/]e  
p5it5tial life2 he _h devot$ himself to 
! m9i/ry ( prea*+1 & to ! e/abli%m5t ( 8
 ,ord]2 8 life 0 b a c\rse ( labors &   
fatigue1 b he reckon$ all t z no?+2 he  
wi%$ to d mu* m1 to mortify himself m   

rigor\sly1 to =w>d !reby ! glory ( ,god1
 because1 accord+ to ! words ( our      
,savi\r1 ?is is ! greate/ m>k ( love :i*
 a fri5d c give to 8 fri5d4 ,?is 0 !    
motive ( ! ard5t desire he _h to endure 
m>tyrdom1 & ( ! ?ree voyages he und]took
 9 se>* ( x2 see+ t he c\ld n succe$1 he
 l[]$ 8 views to wi%+ = & solicit+ grace
 to "k :at he c\ld d1 to te/ify 8 love =
 ,god4 ,! ,"l grant$ 8 desire1 favor+   
him ) ! impression ( ,8 five w\nds1 :i* 
r5d]$ him a liv+ &1 at ! same "t1 an    
expir+ m>tyr2 b x inflam$ 8 he>t to su* 
a degree1 t !n he wi%$ to die = love1 & 
to be absorb$ 9 ! love ( ,him :om he    
lov$4  ,inflam$ ) div9e love1 he        
endeavor$ to spread ! fire on all sides4
 ,he (t5 made x ! subject ( 8 disc\rses1
 & x 0 usually ! motive he employ$ to   
animate 8 bre?r5 to ! practice ( virtue4
 ,:5 he propos$ any?+ t 0 difficult to  
!m1 su* z to g ab\t solicit+ alms1 ,g1  
he w\ld say1 & ask x = ! love ( ,god4   
,he f\nd a noble prodigality 9 ask+ x = 
t motive1 & he ?\ght ^? dem5t$ :o       

pref]r$ money to ! love ( ,god1 ! price 
( :i* is incalculable1 & suffici5t to   
pur*ase ! ,k+dom ( ,heav51 & :i* ! love 
( ,him :o has s lov$ u mu/ make         
inf9itely de> to u4 ,!y 7 surpris$ "o   
day to f9d t he c\ld be> ! sev]ity (    
w9t] 9 s mis]able a habit z t :i* he    
wore1 &1 full ( f]vor1 he gave ?is      
reason1 :i* conta9s a v useful lesson2  
,if we 7 inw>dly inflam$ ) a long+ = our
 cele/ial c\ntry1 we %\ld easily be>    
ext]ior cold4 ,x 0 8 wi% t a ,fri> ,m9or
 %\ld love ,god ) an effective1 lib]al1 
& g5]\s love1 :i* %\ld enable him to    
suff] calmly & joyfully pa9 & opprobrium
 = ! object ( 8 love4 ,?is is :at he    
said "o day to ,bro!r ,leo1 on !        
subject1 9 a conv]sation :i* ,leo       
himself has record$ at full l5g?3 ,if a 
,fri> ,m9or _h a cle> & di/9ct k ( !    
c\rse ( ! />s1 & ( all o!r ?+s 9 !      
univ]se2 if he possess$ all ! sci5ces1  
all ! languages1 & a p]fect k ( ! ,holy 
,scriptures2 & if he spoke ) ! tongues (
 angels1 ca/ out devils1 p]=m$ all sorts

 ( miracles1 ev5 t ( rais+ "o f ! dead  
:o _h be5 f\r days 9 ! tomb2 if he _h ! 
gift ( prophecy1 & t ( disc]n+ !        
affections ( ! he>t2 if he prea*$ to !  
infidels ) su* success z to conv]t !m   
all1 & if he %\ld edify ! _w by 8       
sanctity1 all t w\ld n be to him !      
subject ( p]fect & true joy4  ,aft]w>ds1
 to %[ 9 :at ?is true joy consi/$1 he   
propos$ a supposition1 simil> to "o he  
_h made on ano!r subject1 & v l to !    
hypo!sis ( ,/4 ,paul3 ,:o %all sep>ate u
 f ! love ( ,jesus ,*ri/8 ,%all         
tribulation1 or di/ress1 or fam9e1 or   
nak$ness1 or p]secution1 or ! sword8 ,f 
:i* he conclud$1 t all t !re is 9 ,heav5
 or on e>? c\ld n sep>ate him f ! love (
 ,god1 :i* is gr\nd$ on ,jesus ,*ri/1   
our ,"l4  ,suppose1 said ,/4 ,francis1 t
 we 7 to arrive at ! ,conv5t ( ,/4 ,m>y 
( ! ,angels v wet1 cov]$ ) mud1 p]i%+ ) 
cold1 dy+ ( hung]1 & t ! port]1 in/ead (
 lett+ u 91 7 to leave u at ! gate 9 ?is
 pitiable /ate1 say+ angrily1 ',y are a 
c\ple ( idle vagabonds1 :o /roll ab\t ! 

_w1 & receive ! alms :i* ! real poor    
ought to get4' ,if we be> ?is treatm5t )
 pati5ce1 )\t be+ discompos$1 & )\t     
murmur+2 if ev5 we ?9k humbly & *>itably
 t ! port] kn[s u well = :at we are1 & t
 x is by ,god's leave t he behaves ?us  
to u1 m>k ?is d[n z p]fect joy4         
,suppose1 moreov]1 t we cont9ue to knock
 at ! door1 & t ! port]1 consid]+ u     
importunate1 %\ld come out & give u "s  
sev]e boxes on ! e>s1 & say1 ',get      
along1 sc\ndrels1 g to ! hospital1 !re  
is no?+ = y to eat "h4' ,if we be> all  
^! ?+s pati5tly1 & we p>don him f our   
he>ts1 & ) *>ity1 note1 ?is w\ld be a   
subject = p]fect joy4  ,let u1 9 f9e1   
suppose1 t 9 ?is extremity ! cold1      
hung]1 & ! night1 compel u to entreat1 )
 te>s & cries to be all[$ to ent] !     
conv5t1 & t ! port]1 9 great irritation1
 d>ts out ) a /ick full ( knobs1 takes u
 by ! c[l1 ?r[s u d[n 9 ! sn[1 & beats u
 till we are q cov]$ ) bruises3--if we  
be> all ?is ill usage ) joy1 ) ! ?\ght t
 we ought to p>ticipate 9 ! suff]+s (   

our ,bless$ ,savi\r ,jesus ,*ri/1 note  
?is1 & note x c>efully1 t ?is is1 = a   
,fri> ,m9or1 ! subject ( a true & p]fect
 joy4  ,n[ he> ! conclusion ( all ?is4  
,among/ all ! gifts ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 :i*
 ,jesus ,*ri/ has grant$ & w grant to ,8
 s]vants1 ! mo/ consid]able is1 t (     
conqu]+ "o's self1 & ( suff]+ pa9 &     
opprobrium = ! love ( ,god1 9 ord] to   
respond to ! love ,he has = u4 ,9 all ! 
miracul\s gifts :i* ,i h notic$1 !re is 
n "o f :i* we may d]ive s mu* glory2 we 
h no %>e 9 x1 x is all f ,god2 we only  
receive :at ,he gives u1 &1 z ,/4 ,paul 
says1 ',if ?\ ha/ receiv$1 :y do/ ?\    
glory1 z if ?\ had/ n receiv$ x8' ,b we 
h our %>e 9 ! tribulations :i* we suff] 
= ! love ( ,god1 & we may make x a      
subject ( glory1 z ! same ,apo/le has   
said3 ',god =bid t ,i %\ld glory save 9 
! ,cross ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4'  ,/4  
,francis 0 f> f ?9k+ t we may glory 9   
our suff]+s1 z ( a favor :i* we h n     
receiv$1 s9ce he ackn[l$ges t x is !    
greate/ gift ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 con=mably 

to :at ,/4 ,paul said to ! ,philippians3
 ,to y is giv5 n only to believe 9      
,jesus ,*ri/1 b also to suff] = ,8 sake2
 & to :at is writt5 ( ! ,apo/les3 ,& !y1
 inde$1 w5t f ! pres5ce ( ! c\ncil1     
rejoic+ t !y 7 acc\nt$ to suff] reproa* 
= ! "n ( ,jesus4 ,he only propos$ to say
 t our sole cause ( glory is1 t ,god    
p]mits u to be associat$ to ! ,cross (  
,jesus ,*ri/1 9 :i* alone we are        
glorifi$4 ,?us x is to ,god t he ref]s  
all ! glory ( our suff]+s1 :i* inde$ is 
,81 s9ce1 )\t ! aid ( ,8 grace1 we %\ld 
n suff] z we ought1 & )\t ! ,cross (    
,jesus ,*ri/ we %\ld h no m]it4 ,b he   
correctly says1 & he speaks ! true      
or?odox fai?1 :5 he adds1 t we h a %>e 9
 ! m]it ( :at we suff]1 & :5 he draws ! 
di/9ction betwe5 t & miracul\s gifts4   
,/4 ,*ryso/om has spok5 9 ! same mann]1 
& says t our virtues are 9 s f> ! gifts 
( ,god1 t !y are also m]its ( our w1 =  
:i* ,god has be5 pleas$ to r5d] ,himself
 indebt$ to u1 by ! promise ,he has made
 to rew>d !m4  ,! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nate   

,^w1 t great my/]y ( piety1 :i* has be5 
manife/$ 9 ! fle%1 produc$ 9 ! he>t (   
,/4 ,francis s5tim5ts s pi\s & s t5d]1 t
 !y 7 obs]vable ext]iorly1 by actions ( 
extraord9>y f]vor1 z we saw 9 ! gr&     
solemnity :i* he celebrat$ at ,grecio on
 ,*ri/mas night4 ,consid]1 he says1 9 8 
lett]s1 t ! mo/ high ,fa!r has s5t f    
,heav5 ,8 ar*angel1 ,/4 ,gabriel1 to    
ann\nce t ,8 mo/ wor?y1 holy1 & glori\s 
,^w %\ld desc5d into ! womb ( ! mo/     
,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,&1 9 tru?1 ,he did
 s desc5d1 & took f h] true human fle%1 
passible & mortal1 su* z ours is3 ',be+ 
ri*1 ,he became ( ,8 own accord poor4'  
,he *ose1 by pref]5ce1 pov]ty 9 ?is _w =
 ,himself & = ,8 ,bless$ ,"m4 ,he gave  
,himself ?us to u1 9 con=mity to ! w (  
,8 ,fa!r1 to wipe away our s9s on !     
cross1 by ! sacrifice ( ,8 ,blood1 & to 
leave an example = u to foll[ 9 ,8      
traces1 = x is ,8 wi% t we %\ld all be  
sav$ ?r\gh ,him2 b !re are few :o desire
 ! salvation ,he pr(f]s !m1 al?\gh ,8   
yoke is sweet1 & ,8 burd5 light4  ,:5 he

 spoke ( ! inc>nation & bir? ( ! ,son ( 
,god1 x 0 ) affectionate devotion2 he   
c\ld n he> ! words1 ! ,^w made fle%1 )\t
 manife/+ great joy4 ,! religi\s ( a    
mona/]y :]e he 0 "o day1 rem>k$ ?is     
emotion1 & took occasion to ask him if x
 0 "r to eat meat on ,*ri/mas-day1 :5 x 
fell on a ,friday1 or if x 0 n bett] to 
ab/a9 f x4 ,n only d ,i ?9k1 he repli$1 
t m5 may eat meat on ?is day1 on :i* !  
,^w 0 made fle%1 b ,i wi% t pr9ces & ri*
 p]sons w\ld ?r[ meat & corn 9 !        
highways1 9 ord] t ! birds & bea/s ( !  
field %\ld rejoice1 9 _! way1 9 ! joys (
 s great a fe/ival2 ,i wi%1 ev51 t "s 0 
plac$ on ! walls1 if !y c\ld d]ive      
sweetness f x4  ,we see pla9ly t ^! are 
hyp]bolical expressions1 fl[+ f 8 he>t1 
by ! emotions ( 8 spiritual joy1 by :i* 
he 0 actuat$2 b1 9 say+ t m5 might eat  
meat on ,*ri/mas-day1 al?\gh x fall on a
 ,friday1 he speaks 9 con=mity ) ! usage
 ( ! ,*ur*1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is a p]mission1 
& n a law4 ,pope ,honorius ,,iii4 po9t$ 
x out cle>ly to ! ,bi%op ( ,prague1 9   

,bohemia1 9 ! foll[+ rescript ( ! ye>   
#abbb3 ,we answ] t1 :5 ! ,fea/ ( !      
,nativity ( our ,bless$ ,"l falls on a  
,friday1 ^? :o are n "u ! obligation (  
ab/95ce by a v[1 or by a regul>         
obs]vance1 may eat meat on t day1       
because ( ! excell5ce ( ! fe/ival1      
accord+ to ! cu/om ( ! univ]sal ,*ur*4  
,^?1 h[ev]1 :o ab/a9 on t day1 f        
devotion1 are n to be c5sur$4  ,/4      
,francis 01 moreov]1 mu* affect$ by !   
goodness ( our ,savi\r1 :o1 aft] ,8     
baptism1 w5t into ! des]t1 & !re fa/$   
=ty days & =ty nights1 )\t eat+ any?+   
dur+ t "t1 = ! expiation ( our          
s5suality1 & to set u an example ( fa/+4
 ,he honor$ ?is holy retreat by a fa/ ( 
=ty days1 :i* he comm5c$ on ! sev5? day 
( ,janu>y1 & :i* he pass$ 9 "s solit>y  
place1 conf9$ to 8 cell1 keep+ /rict    
ab/95ce 9 fa/+ & dr9k+1 & employ+       
himself solely 9 prais+ ,god & 9 pray]4 
,x 0 also dur+ ?is ,l5t t he receiv$ !  
mo/ signal favors f ,jesus ,*ri/4  ,8   
s\l 0 p5etrat$ ) ardor = ! my/]y ( !    

,sacr$ ,body & ,blood ( our ,"l4 ,! "w (
 s t5d] a love1 & ( su* condesc5d+      
goodness1 ?rew him into an excess (     
admiration1 & put him q beside himself4 
,he communicat$ frequ5tly1 & ) s mu*    
devotion1 t x inspir$ o!rs ) simil>     
feel+s2 !y saw him almo/ always1 aft]   
hav+ communicat$1 z if 9 a spiritual    
intoxication1 & rais$ into ec/asy by !  
sweetness he ta/$ 9 p>tak+ ( ! ,body &  
,blood ( ! ,lamb )\t spot4 ,at ,mass1 :5
 at ! ,elevation1 he said ?is pray]3    
,cele/ial ,fa!r1 my ,"l & my ,god1 ca/  
,?9e eyes on ! glori\s c\nt5ance ( ,?y  
,*ri/1 & h pity on me & on o!r s9n]s1 = 
:om ,?y belov$ ,son1 our ,"l1 has       
condesc5d$ to die1 & :o has *os5 to     
rema9 ) u 9 ! ,sacram5t ( ! ,alt>1 = our
 salvation & consolation3 :o ) ,!e1     
et]nal ,fa!r1 & ! ,holy ,gho/1 sole     
,god1 live? & reigne? to ev]la/+ ages4  
,am54  ,! pr(\nd v5]ation :i* is due to 
! augu/ my/]y ( ! ,eu*>i/1 ! solicitude 
:i* we ought to h to he> ,mass1 to      
approa* to ! sacr$ alt>1 & to prep>e    

ourselves1 9 ord] wor?ily to            
communicate1 7 po9ts on :i* he us$ to   
dilate 9 8 conv]sations1 9 8            
in/ructions1 & 9 8 lett]s4  ,! life ( ! 
holy man has furni%$ _m examples ( !    
ard5t & respectful zeal :i* animat$ him 
9 all t reg>d$ *ur*es or alt>s1 or all !
 ?+s :i* 7 us$ = ! ,sacrifice ( ! ,mass1
 & = ! div9e s]vice4 ,z he c\ld n be>   
any?+ dirty or slov5ly1 9 ! c\ntry      
*ur*es1 he took ! tr\ble ( clean+ ev]y?+
 himself2 & le/ !y %\ld want alt> breads
 = ,masses1 he made !m himself 9 iron   
=ms1 :i* 7 made 9 a v workmanlike mann]2
 he took !m into ! poor p>i%es3 "s ( ^! 
m\lds are c>efully pres]v$ 9 ! conv5t ( 
,grecio4  ,! great love :i* he _h =     
,jesus ,*ri/1 & = ! sacram5t :i* conta9s
 ,8 ,body1 ,8 ,blood1 ,8 ,s\l1 & ,8     
,div9ity1 inspir$ him ) a zeal & a      
t5d]ness ( devotion to ,8 ,bless$ ,"m1  
:i* _c be express$1 z ,/4 ,bonav5ture   
rem>ks4 ,he plac$ himself & 8 ,ord] "u !
 protection ( ?is ,bless$ ,"m ( ,god1   
:om he *ose = 8 advocate2 & 9 h]1 aft]  

,jesus ,*ri/1 8 *ief confid5ce re/$3 =1 
said he1 x is %e :o made ?is ,god (     
,maje/y our bro!r2 ?r\gh h] we h obta9$ 
m]cy4 ,he us$1 z we h notic$1 to keep a 
,l5t ( six weeks1 9 honor ( h] glori\s  
,assumption2 & he obs]v$ x ) great      
s5tim5ts ( piety4 ,^! are ! pray]s &    
eulogiums he 0 9 ! habit ( address+ to  
h]3--  ,hail1 ,m>y6 ,"m ( ,god1 ev] a   
,virg91 mo/ holy ,lady & ,que51 9 :om is
 all ! pl5itude ( grace & e sort ( good4
 ,among/ wom5 !re are none born l unto  
!e2 ?\ art ! daught] & ! h&maid ( our   
cele/ial ,fa!r1 ! great ,k+2 & he has   
*os5 !e = ! ,"m ( ,8 belov$ ,son4 ,?\   
art ! ,sp\se ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ! ,com=t]4
 ,hail to !e1 :o art ! palace1 ! temple1
 & ! ,"m ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/6 ,i     
honor all ! virtues ) :i* ?\ art fill$4 
,?\ :o art z mild z ?\ art beautiful1   
implore ?y v de> ,son1 conjure ,him by  
,8 great clem5cy1 by ! virtue ( ,8 mo/  
sacr$ inc>nation & t ( ,8 mo/ pa9ful    
dea?1 to p>don our faults4 ,am54  ,!    
indissoluble ties ( spiritual love1 says

 ! holy doctor :om we h quot$1 unit$    
,francis to ! hi]>*y ( ! angels1 caus$ 9
 him m>vell\s fire :i* absorbs man 9    
,god1 & influ5ces ! elect ) noble aims4 
,! ard5t zeal he _h = ! salvation (     
s\ls1 atta*$ him intimately to !        
,ar*angel ,/4 ,mi*ael1 because 8        
employm5t is to pres5t man to ! ?rone ( 
! ,div9e ,maje/y4 ,x 0 to honor ^!      
bless$ spirits1 t he kept e ye> a ,l5t (
 =ty days1 be=e ! ,fea/ ( ,/4 ,mi*ael1  
add+ to x a cont9ual ex]cise ( pray]4   
,he _h prescrib$ to himself ano!r ,l5t1 
to prep>e = ! ,fe/ival ( ,all ,sa9ts1 :o
 seem$ to him to be1 accord+ to !       
expression ( ,ezekiel1 preci\s /ones1   
glitt]+ z fire1 ! memory alone ( :i*    
excit$ him to a m f]v5t love ( ,god4 ,! 
great love :i* all ! ,apo/les _h =      
,jesus ,*ri/1 l$ him to rev]e !m )      
peculi> devotion1 p>ticul>ly ,sa9ts     
,pet] & ,paul1 9 honor ( :om he fa/$ f  
,:it-,sunday to _! fea/4  ,x is useful  
to rem>k "h t ?is great ,sa9t1 :o 0     
rais$ to a sublime degree ( pray]1 did n

 neglect1 nev]!less1 ! usual practices (
 piety ) ! re/ ( ! fai?ful4 ,?is may    
s]ve z a pres]vative aga9/ an illusion  
:i* might lead to ! belief t !y are     
useless to ! spiritual1 & t ^? :o are   
my/ical1 may disp5se ) !m1 to devote    
!mselves to contemplation4 ,8 he>t 0 s  
full & s p5etrat$ ) t true & s9c]e      
piety1 ( :i* *>ity is ! s\l1 t x seem$  
to h entire possession ( him4 ,x unit$  
him incessantly to ,god1 to ! fri5ds (  
,god1 & to ev]y?+ :i* 0 holy2 b1 z !    
,apo/le says1 pray] is pr(itable to all 
?+s2 x gave him a fund ( all t 0 good1 a
 _s ( meekness1 ( condesc5sion1 & (     
zeal1 to communicate ) 8 neighbor4  ,all
 m5 7 de> to him1 because he saw 9 !m ! 
same nature1 ! same grace1 ! image ( !  
,creator1 & ! ,blood ( ! ,r$eem]4 ,if he
 _h n tak5 c>e ( ! salvation ( s\ls1 :i*
 ,jesus ,*ri/ _h r$eem$1 he w\ld n h    
consid]$ himself among ! numb] ( ,8     
fri5ds4 ,no?+1 he said1 is pref]able to 
! salvation ( s\ls2 & he gave sev]al    
reasons = ?is1 & pr9cipally ?is "o3 t1 =

 !m1 ! ,only ,son ( ,god _h condesc5d$  
to be nail$ to ! cross4 ,x 0 also = !m t
 he labor$ & liv$2 = !m1 9 "s measure1  
he call$ 9 "q ! ju/ice ( ,god 9 pray]1 &
 p[]fully solicit$ ,8 m]cy2 = !m he     
frequ5tly =ew5t ! sweets ( a            
contemplative life2 he und]took j\rneys1
 he prea*$ ev]y:]e1 he expos$ ,himself  
to m>tyrdom1 & _! edification 0 "o ( 8  
motives 9 ! practice ( virtue4 ,al?\gh 8
 innoc5t fle%1 already p]fectly "u !    
control ( ! _s1 did n require to be     
*a/is$ = any faults1 he1 nev]!less1     
mortifi$ x 9 v>i\s ways = ! edification 
( 8 neighbor4 ,:5 he 0 c5sur$ = 8 too   
great au/]ities1 he repli$3--,i am s5t  
to give ?is example2 if ,i _h n ! *>ity 
to give x1 ,i %\ld be ( little use to   
o!rs1 & ( none to myself1 al?\gh ,i     
spoke all ! languages kn[n to m5 &      
angels4  ,see+ t a multitude ( p]sons1  
/imulat$ by 8 example1 f]v5tly embrac$ !
 ,cross ( ,*ri/1 he became animat$ )    
fre% c\rage to put himself at ! head (  
^! pi\s troops1 z a valiant capta91 9   

ord] to ga9 ) !m a victory ov] ! devil1 
by ! practice ( p]fect & inv9cible      
virtue4  ,! sanctity ( 8 life gave him  
great fre$om 9 8 mann] ( prea*+4 ,he    
spoke fe>lessly1 )\t any appreh5sion (  
:at critics might say1 because he _h    
act$ be=e tea*+1 & he felt & _h exp]i5c$
 all he said4 ,! zeal\s prea*] knew n h[
 to flatt]4 ,f> f sp>+ s9n]s by         
complac5ce1 he reproa*$ _! vices 9      
=cible language1 & attack$ _! disord]ly 
conduct ) great vehem5ce4 ,! pres5ce ( !
 great ( ! _w did n intimidate him2 he  
spoke to !m z pla9ly & =cibly z he _h   
done to ! common p2 &1 z all s\ls 7     
equally de> to him1 he prea*$ z will+ly1
 & ) z mu* ze/1 to a few p1 z to a cr[d$
 auditory4  ,! t5d] love :i* ,/4        
,francis bore = s\ls r$eem$ by ! ,blood 
( ,jesus ,*ri/1 r5d]$ him v s5sible to  
_! mis=tunes4 ,:5 he knew ( any "o /a9$ 
by ! fil? ( s91 he lam5t$ ov] x ) deep  
grief4 ,8 *>ity1 f]tile 9 exp$i5ts1     
inspir$ him sometimes to give to wick$  
p]sons temporal assi/ance1 ) a view (   

gett+ !m to return to ! ways (          
salvation4 ,"o day1 :5 he 0 at ! ,conv5t
 ( ,m\nt ,casal1 ,bro!r ,angelo1 :o 0 ! 
gu>dian ( x1 told him t !re 7 9 !       
neighborhood ?ree notori\s robb]s1 :o   
injur$ consid]ably ! f>m]s ( ! vic9ity1 
& daily came & extort$ f !m ! bread :i* 
0 de/9$ = ! conv5t1 )\t _! be+ able to  
prev5t x4 ,bro!r1 he repli$1 if y w d   
:at ,i w po9t out to y1 my confid5ce 9  
,god tells me t y w re=m ^! m51 & ga9 _!
 s\ls4 ,g & seek !m out3 al?\gh !y are  
robb]s1 !y are /ill our bro!rs4 ,take !m
 ! be/ bread y h1 & "s w9e1 spread a    
clo? on ! gr\nd1 & invite !m to eat ) y2
 :ile !y are eat+1 speak to !m ( holy   
?+s1 9 an ins9uat+ mann]1 bo? y\rself & 
y\r companion2 humbly entreat !m to     
injure no "o any m4 ,if !y promise y    
?is1 return to !m ! next day1 & take !m 
some?+ to eat1 ) bread & w9e z be=e1 &  
tell !m t y br+ t1 z to bre?r5 & fri5ds1
 :o h grant$ y :at y ask$ ( !m4 ,if y d 
?is a ?ird "t1 d n d\bt b ,god w        
enlight5 !m1 & t\* _! he>ts1 & br+ !m   

into ! "r way4  ,bro!r ,angelo foll[$   
?is advice1 & ga9$ ov] ! robb]s s       
completely1 t !y gave up _! lives (     
plund]]s1 & began to r5d] s]vice to !   
conv5t1 supply+ !m ) fire-wood1 :i* !y  
c>ri$ to !m on _! %\ld]s4 ,_! conv]sion 
0 complete3 "o ( !m ent]$ ! ,ord]1 & !  
o!r two w5t else:]e to embrace a        
p5it5tial life4 ,! gu>dian us$ simil>   
means = conv]t+ ?ree o!r robb]s1 :o     
retir$ into ! recesses ( ! m\nta91 aft] 
hav+ induc$ ! ,sa9t to pray = !m4 ,all  
?ree aft]w>ds ent]$ ! ,ord] ( ,fri>s    
,m9or & liv$ holy lives4  ,! affection  
:i* our ,sa9t _h always %[n = ! poor f 8
 infancy1 dur+ ! fir/ ye>s ( 8 y\?1 & at
 ! beg9n+ ( 8 conv]sion1 became /rong] &
 /rong]1 & 0 manife/$ on all occasions4 
,/4 ,bonav5ture says t he sp>$ no?+ to  
come to _! assi/ance4 ,cloaks1 tunics1  
books1 ! ornam5ts ( ! ,*ur*1 all t he _h
 he gave to !m4 ,_m times he has be5 se5
 tak+ ! burd5s f ! poor he met on !     
road1 & be> !m on 8 own weak %\ld]s4 ,:5
 he return$ f begg+1 he %>$ :at he _h   

receiv$ ) any t solicit$ alms at 8 h&s2 
& z long z any?+ rema9$1 he nev] refus$ 
any "o4  ,at ,si5na1 a small cloak _h   
be5 giv5 to him1 :i* 0 v necess>y = 8   
infirmities2 b1 9 leav+ ! t[n1 he met a 
poor p]son1 ^: wret*$ /ate excit$ 8     
pity1 & he said to 8 companion3 ,let u  
re/ore ?is cloak to him1 = x belongs to 
him2 we h only borr[$ x1 until su* "t z 
we %\ld see "s "o poor] ?an ourselves4  
,! companion1 kn[+ t ,francis really    
requir$ x1 endeavor$ to prev5t 8 p>t+ ) 
x1 b ! fa!r made him ?is answ]3 ,if ,i  
did n give ?is cloak to a poor man1 :o  
_h m ne$ ( x ?an ,i h1 ,i %\ld ?9k ,i _h
 committ$ a !ft1 :i* ,i %\ld be convict$
 ( by our ,sov]eign ,"l1 :o is !        
univ]sal almon]4 ,x 0 = ?is reason t1 :5
 any?+ 0 giv5 him1 he ask$ leave to give
 x away1 if he %\ld meet ) any "o poor] 
?an himself4  ,on ! same pr9ciple1      
not)/&+ 8 infirmities1 :5 he 0 at !     
conv5t at ,celles1 he gave ano!r cloak1 
:i* he _h receiv$ 9 *>ity1 to a poor    
woman4 ,"o ( ! bro!rs hav+ tak5 x back1 

promis+ to give ! woman some?+ else     
in/ead1 ! ,sa9t said imm$iately3--,my   
bro!r1 kneel d[n & ackn[l$ge y\r fault2 
give ! cloak back to ! woman3 %e is     
poor] ?an ,i am4 ,8 companions got him  
ano!r1 & he gave x aga9 to a man (      
,cortona1 :o came to solicit alms = !   
love ( ,god1 at ! same conv5t at        
,celles4 ,he told ,francis t 8 wife 0   
dead1 t he _h sev]al little *ildr51 & t 
he _h no food = !m3 ,i give y ?is cloak1
 said ! ,sa9t1 on ?is condition1 t1 if y
 are ask$ to give x back1 y d no su* ?+1
 unless y receive its full value4 ,!    
bre?r51 inde$1 did all !y c\ld to induce
 him to give x back3 !y told him !re 0  
no "o poor] ?an ! p]son :o _h giv5 x to 
him1 or :o want$ x m on acc\nt ( 8 bad  
heal? & ! rigor ( ! season4 ,b ! man1   
ref]r+ to :at 8 b5efactor _h said1      
answ]$ t ! cloak 0 81 & t he w\ld n "p )
 x1 unless he receiv$ its full value4 ,9
 ord]1 !re=e1 to h x return$1 !y 7 "u ! 
necessity ( tak+ him to a fri5d :o gave 
him 9 money :at ! cloak 0 consid]$ to be

 wor?4  ,a v old woman1 ! "m ( two ( !  
,fri>s ,m9or1 hav+ come to ! ,conv5t (  
,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels to ask = *>ity1    
,francis told ! gu>dian to give h]      
some?+2 & he hav+ said t !re 0 n any?+  
!n 9 ! conv5t :i* c\ld be giv51 unless x
 0 a book ( ! ,gospel :i* ! bre?r5 read 
out (1 :5 !y 7 9 ! *oir ! ,fa!r         
said3--,give x t ! poor woman may sell x
 to provide = h] necessities4 ,i believe
 t ?is w be m agreeable to ,god1 ?an    
read+ out ( x4 ,:at is x t a "m has n a 
"r to require f u1 :o has giv5 two ( h] 
sons to ! religi\s8  ,ano!r "t1 a poor  
man came to ask = an old habit4 ,francis
 desir$ !m to look ab\t well = "o t 0 n 
us$4 ,z su* an "o 0 n to be f\nd1 he    
/ole aside & began to unpick "s bread?s 
( 8 own1 9 ord] to give !m to ! man2 !  
gu>dian1 be+ in=m$ ( ?is1 came d[n      
ha/ily & =bade 8 tak+ !m out3 ,i w obey 
y1 because y are my sup]ior1 b give ?is 
poor man some?+ to cov] himself )2      
o!rwise ,i %all h a scruple1 & %all be  
griev$ to be oblig$ to we> an entire    

habit :i* is l9$1 to keep me w>m1 :ile  
?is poor man is %iv]+ ) cold at ! gate4 
,he w5t to ! poor man to console him1 & 
did n leave him until ! gu>dian _h giv5 
him some?+ :]e) to clo! himself2 & ?is  
alms 0 no less com=t+ to 8 *>itable     
feel+s1 ?an ! clo?+ 0 to ! mis]y ( !    
poor man4 ,by a simil> impulse ( *>ity1 
& 9 ord] to prev5t curses aga9/ ,god1 he
 gave 8 cloak to a s]vant :o compla9$ ( 
! great injury 8 ma/] _h done him1 curs+
 him & blasphem+ ,provid5ce = all[+ !   
poor to be s ill us$4 ,he gave him 8    
cloak on ! condition t he w\ld leave (f 
curs+ & blasphem+4  ,! physician :o saw 
! sa9t 9 8 illness1 ne> ,rieti1 hav+ "o 
day m5tion$ ! extreme pov]ty ( an old   
woman :o 0 begg+1 he s5t = ! gu>dian &  
said3 ,"h is a cloak :i* ,i h worn until
 su* "t z "s "o %\ld be f\nd :o has a   
great] "r to x ?an ,i h2 ,i beg y to s5d
 x1 ) "s ( ! bread :i* has be5 receiv$  
on ! que/1 by "o ( ! bre?r51 to our     
si/]1 :o is v poor1 & let him say t we  
only give h] :at belongs to h]4 ,i      

conceive t :at is giv5 to u c only be   
ours until su* "t z "s "o %all come     
=w>d1 :o is m 9 want ( x ?an we are4 ,n 
to vex ! holy man1 ! commission 0       
fai?fully execut$4  ,! bless$ ,patri>*  
wi%$ t su* ( 8 *ildr5 :o _h n /udi$1 &  
_h no tal5t = prea*+1 %\ld be employ$ 9 
s]v+ _! bre?r51 & %\ld frequ5t !        
hospitals1 !re to r5d] ! meane/ (fices  
to ! lep]s1 ) humility & *>ity4  ,bro!r 
,james ! ,simple1 :o came f ,p]ugia1 0  
greatly di/+ui%$ by 8 zeal 9 ?is        
*>itable ex]cise1 insomu* t !y gave him 
! "n ( ! /ew>d & physician ( ! lep]s4   
,francis recomm5d$ "o to him1 ^: body 0 
a mass ( sores1 f 8 head to 8 feet4     
,james took su* c>e ( him1 t1 by        
degrees1 he rega9$ 8 /r5g?2 &1 ?9k+ fre%
 air w\ld contribute to 8 re/oration1 he
 took him ) him1 al?\gh /ill full (     
ulc]s1 to ! ,conv5t ( ,sa9t ,m>y ( !    
,angels4 ,?is appe>$ to ! ,sa9t1 :o met 
him1 to h be5 v indiscreet1 & he said to
 ,bro!r ,james3 ,y %\ld n lead ab\t1 9  
?is mann]1 ! ,*ri/ian ,bro!rs2 x is     

nei!r prop] 9 y1 nor good = !m4 ,i wi% y
 to s]ve !m 9 _! hospital1 b ,i d n wi% 
y to take !m out ( x1 = !re are _m      
p]sons :o _c be> ! sight ( !m4 ,! lep] 0
 di/ress$ at he>+ 8 b5efactor ?us       
reprim&$1 & he blu%$ = %ame4 ,francis1  
p]ceiv+ him to h be5 mortifi$1 ?rew     
himself imm$iately at 8 feet1 & begg$ 8 
p>don1 &1 9 ord] to console him1 he ate 
at ! door ( ! conv5t1 out ( ! same plate
 ) ! lep]1 aft] :i* he embrac$ & kiss$  
him1 & dismiss$ him satisfi$4  ,!re 0 9 
! hospital a lep] :o 0 s impati5t & s   
viol5t1 t he abus$ & /ruck ! ,fri>s     
,m9or :o s]v$ him1 & ev5 w5t s f> z to  
blaspheme ,god4 ,!y report$ ?is to _!   
,fa!r1 :o (f]$ himself to ! sick man1 to
 wait ^u him3 ,:at c y d = me m ?an y\r 
companions h done8 repli$ ! invalid4    
,ev] s9ce ,i h _h ?is insupportable     
disord]1 ,god has =gott5 me4 ,i am 9    
despair1 ,i c live no long]2 no "o c    
mitigate my suff]+s2 nei!r y nor any "o 
else4 ,francis1 see+ t he 0 agitat$ by !
 evil _s1 left him = a :ile1 pray$ =    

him1 & return$ to exhort him by ! mo/   
urg5t motives1 to be pati5t4 ,z he saw t
 ! man became calm]1 he ask$ him :at    
might seem mo/ agreeable to him2 :at he 
%\ld d = him4 ,he said t he %\ld n[ wa% 
8 :ole body1 t he c\ld no long] endure !
 /5* ( ! infection4 ,! sa9t quickly got 
"s wat] w>m$1 into :i* he put aromatic  
h]bs1 & began to wa% him himself1 :ile 8
 companion p\r$ out ! wat]4 ,z he wa%$1 
8 cure advanc$1 &1 at ! same "t1 ! grace
 ( ,god made su* impression on ! m9d ( !
 pati5t1 t1 z ! wat] fl[$ f 8 body1 !   
te>s fl[$ f 8 eyes4 ,! wa%+ hav+        
t]m9at$1 ! lep] be+ p]fectly cleans$ &  
conv]t$1 publicly confess$ 8 s9s1 ask$ =
 m]cy1 & w5t ?r\gh a rigor\s c\rse (    
p5ance4 ,he di$ a few mon?s aft]w>ds1 & 
appe>$ to ! ,sa9t1 ?ank+ him t1 by 8    
means1 aft] a light puni%m5t 9          
purgatory1 he 0 ab\t to enjoy et]nal    
glory4  ,god p]=m$ a diff]5t miracle on 
ano!r occasion1 to ju/ify ! *>ity ( ,8  
,s]vant to ! poor4 ,at ,alex&ria de la  
,paille1 a t[n ( ! ,milanese1 :]e he 0  

receiv$ z a ,sa9t1 he 0 invit$ to d9n]  
by a weal?y & pi\s man4 ,:ile he 0 at   
table1 a man ( bad "*1 :o 01 h[ev]1     
jeal\s ( ,francis's reputation1 wat*$   
all 8 actions1 9 ord] to decry &        
criticise !m3 ?is man c\nt]feit$ a begg>
 at ! door1 & solicit$ an alms = ! love 
( ,god4 ,z soon z ,francis he>d ! appeal
 = ! love ( ,god1 he s5t him ! w+ ( a   
f[l1 to :i* he _h be5 j help$4 ,! %am   
begg>1 to :om x 0 tak51 kept x4 ,! next 
day he produc$ x1 9 a l>ge conc\rse ( p1
 :]e ! ,sa9t 0 prea*+1 &1 int]rupt+ !   
disc\rse1 he said 9 a l\d voice3 ,?is is
 ! food on :i* ! prea*] fe$s3 %\ld su* a
 man be honor$ z a sa9t8 ,8 malice      
receiv$ a signal *eck2 ! w+ ( ! f[l :i* 
he exhibit$1 appe>$ to ! by/&]s to be   
fi%1 & he 0 ?\ght to h lo/ 8 wits4 ,he  
himself p]ceiv+ t :at he held up 0 no?+ 
b fi%1 0 a%am$ ( :at he _h said1 0 t\*$ 
) remorse1 & publi%$ himself :at _h     
happ5$4 ,aft] :i*1 "o miracle succe$$   
ano!r2 x 0 f\nd t :at _h appe>$ to be   
fi%1 0 9 reality fle%4 ,?us did ! ,"l   

v9dicate ! virtue ( ,8 ,s]vant1 puni%   
envy1 & conv]t ! envi\s4 ,! malignity ( 
envy (t5 f9ds its puni%m5t 9 ! artifices
 x employs to injure p]sons ( virtue1 b 
x is v unusual = ! envi\s to be s       
conv]t$4  ,/4 ,bonav5ture says t ,/4    
,francis felt a mo/ t5d] compassion =   
all :o suff]$ f temporal ills2 t1 inde$1
 he _h naturally a feel+ he>t1 b t !    
goodness ( ! he>t ( ,jesus ,*ri/1       
communicat+ itself to 81 r5d]$ x /ill m 
compassionate4 ,he 0 ! m s5sible ( !    
afflictions ( o!rs1 z 9 all ! poor1 & 9 
all ^? :o suff]$1 he repres5t$ to       
himself 8 ,div9e ,ma/]1 poor & suff]+2 9
 :i*1 cont9ues ! holy doctor1 he :o 0   
himself poor1 %[$ t he 0 s z a p]fect   
,*ri/ian4  ,:5 he _h x n 9 8 p[] to     
alleviate ! suff]+s ( ^? 9 indig5ce or  
sickness1 he endeavor$1 at lea/ by soo?+
 words1 to assuage _! feel+s4 ,"o day1  
:5 he 0 ab\t to prea*1 he 0 entreat$ by 
a poor & infirm man to recomm5d him to !
 auditors4 ,8 compassion 0 excit$1 &1 ) 
te>s 9 8 eyes1 he said to 8 companion t 

he felt ! man's ills z if !y 7 8 own4 ,8
 companion answ]$ ! man r drily1 :o 0   
importunate 9 ask+ = alms1 & 9 ord] to  
mod]ate ! feel+s ( ! ,sa9t1 he said3 ,if
 we judg$ by ext]iors1 ?is man is       
app>5tly 9 great mis]y2 b1 if we c\ld   
p5etrate 8 int]ior1 we %\ld1 p]haps1 f9d
 t 9 ! :ole prov9ce !re is n an         
individual ri*] 9 wi%es1 or m eat5 up ) 
pride3 su* *>act]s are frequ5tly f\nd   
among begg>s4 ,francis c5sur$ him       
sev]ely = hav+ repuls$ ! poor man1 & =  
judg+ him ) s mu* asp]ity1 & po9t$ out  
to him t 9 ?is he (f5d$ ,god4 ,!        
religi\s ackn[l$g$ 8 error1 & ask$ p>don
 on 8 knees4 ,i %all n p>don y1 said    
,francis1 unless y take (f y\r habit1   
pro/rate y\rself be=e ! poor man1       
ackn[l$ge y\r fault1 entreat him to     
p>don y1 & to pray = y4 ,! humble p5it5t
 did imm$iately all t he _h be5 desir$  
to d1 aft] :i* ,francis embrac$ him1 &  
said1 ) great mildness3 ,my son1 x is n 
s mu* aga9/ ! poor man t y h s9n$1 z    
aga9/ ,jesus ,*ri/1 = ,he is 9 all !    

poor3 !y are s _m mirrors1 9 :i* ,he    
repres5ts to u ,8 own pov]ty1 & t ( ,8  
,bless$ ,"m4 ,!re=e1 z (t5 z y see !    
poor & ! sick1 respect !m1 & humble     
y\rself 9 _! pres5ce2 consid]1 )        
s5tim5ts ( piety1 t ! ,son ( ,god made  
,himself poor = our sakes1 & condesc5d$ 
to take ^u ,himself our infirmities4    
,if we *]i% ^! ,*ri/ianlike views1 we   
%\ld n judge s h>%ly ( ! poor1 ( :om x  
is no less faulty to judge1 ?an ( ! ri*2
 & 9 _! pov]ty we %\ld f9d z p[]ful     
motives = lov+ ,jesus ,*ri/1 z = af=d+ !
 succor !y require4  ,! he>t ( ,/4      
,francis 0 naturally s k9d & s t5d]1 t  
he felt an affection = creatures1 b x 0 
f a pr(\nd s5tim5t ( piety t he call$ !m
 8 bro!rs & 8 si/]s4 ,go+ back to !     
orig9 ( ?+s1 ,/4 ,bonav5ture says t he  
consid]$ all t _h be+ z hav+ emanat$ f !
 bosom ( ! ,div9ity1 & he ackn[l$g$ t !y
 _h ! same pr9ciple z himself4 ,9 fact1 
! creation e/abli%$ among/ !m a sort (  
frat]nity3 ,god be+ ! p>5t ( all nature1
 x is n to be d5i$ t1 9 ?is s5se1 ev]y?+

 :i* composes x is bro!rly4 ,& :o c     
c5sure a man :o is :olly religi\s1 =    
express+ himself 9 a mann] :i* is gr\nd$
 on ! fir/ pr9ciples ( religion8 ,?is   
trait %[s bo? ! elevation ( 8 m9d1 & !  
piety ( 8 he>t2 h]etics alone c blame x4
  ,among animals1 ^? he pref]r$ 7 su* z 
rem9d$ him ( ! mildness ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 
or 7 ! symbol ( "s p>ticul> virtue1 or  
:i* gave rise to "s edify+ reflections2 
& ,god has sometimes %[n by miracles1 h[
 mu* ! motive ( ^! feel+s 0 pleas+ to   
,him4 ,lambs 7 peculi>ly agreeable to ! 
holy man1 9 memory ( ! meek ,lamb :o    
p]mitt$ ,himself to be l$ to ! slaught]1
 = ! r$emption ( s9n]s2 he frequ5tly _h 
!m pur*as$1 to prev5t _! be+ kill$4     
,:ile he 0 /ay+ at ! ,mona/]y ( ,/4     
,v]econda1 :i* is 9 ! ,diocese (        
,gubbio1 he f\nd t on ! previ\s night a 
s[ _h kill$ ) its tee? a lamb1 :i* _h j 
be5 born4 ,! ,lamb )\t spot1 :om s9n]s  
put to dea?1 fla%$ imm$iately ^u 8      
recollection1 & ! pity ?is excit$ 9 him1
 caus$ him to lam5t sorely ! dea? ( !   

little animal1 :i* 0 a symbol (         
meekness2 to curse ! cruel bea/ :i* _h  
kill$ x1 & to wi% t nei!r man nor bea/  
might eat ( its fle%4 ,! s[ 0 at t mom5t
 /ruck ) a disease1 ( :i* x di$ 9 ?ree  
days4 ,x 0 ?r[n into a rav9e1 n f>      
di/ant f ! mona/]y1 & no animal v5tur$  
to t\* x3 x became dry & h>d z a piece (
 wood4 ,/4 ,bonav5ture rem>ks1 on ?is   
occasion1 t if ,god 0 pleas$ to puni% ) 
dea? ! cruelty ( a bea/1 h[ inf9itely m 
sev]e mu/ n ! puni%m5t ( cruel &        
pitiless m5 be 9 ! o!r _w4  ,a lad w5t  
to ,si5na to sell "s turtle-doves1 :i*  
he _h tak5 alive4 ,francis met him on 8 
way1 & said3 ,^! are innoc5t birds1 :i* 
are comp>$ 9 ,scripture to *a/e &       
fai?ful s\ls ,i beg y e>ne/ly n to put  
!m into ! h&s ( p]sons :o w\ld kill !m1 
b to confide !m to me4 ,!y 7 giv5 to    
him1 & he put !m imm$iately into 8      
bosom2 he spoke to !m z if !y 7 capable 
( reason+1 n only by t natural impulse  
:i* induces u con/antly to speak to     
animals1 :5 we c>ess !m1 b also by an   

impression ( ! _s ( ,god4 ,he told !m ( 
a great miracle1 promis+ to prep>e a ne/
 = !m1 :]e !y might increase & multiply1
 accord+ to ! int5tion ( _! ,creator4   
,hav+ tak5 !m to 8 ,conv5t (            
,ravacciano1 ne> ! walls ( ,si5na1 he   
=c$ 8 /ick into ! gr\nd be=e ! gate1 & !
 /ick became1 by ! foll[+ day1 a l>ge   
ev]gre5 oak4 ,he let ! turtle-doves fly 
into x1 desir+ !m to make _! ne/s !re1  
:i* !y did = _m succe$+ ye>s2 & !y 7 s  
famili> ) ! religi\s1 t !y came to fe$ f
 _! h&s4 ,wad+ says t ! tree 0 /ill !re 
at 8 "t & t _m saw x4  ,nor did ! "y man
 g unrew>d$4 ,francis told him t he w\ld
 become a religi\s ( 8 ,ord]1 & t he    
w\ld acquire et]nal glory3 he did1 9    
fact1 ent] ! ,ord]1 & liv$ s holily z to
 e>n ,heav54 ,! miracle 0 ! cause ( 8   
vocation1 & at ! same "t sanction$ !    
affection ! ,sa9t %[$ ^! birds3 he only 
lov$ ,god ?r\gh ! affection he %[$ to ,8
 creatures4 ,s also1 ,/4 ,gregory       
,?aumaturgus1 accord+ to ! te/imony (   
,/4 ,gregory ( ,nyssa1 hav+ plant$ 8    

/ick 9 a spot :]e a riv] 0 break+ d[n ! 
dyke & do+ damage ?r\gh ! c\ntry1 ! ,"l 
*ang$ x sudd5ly into a l>ge tree1 :i*   
*eck$ ! flood entirely1 & s]v$ to honor 
! fai? ( 8 ,s]vant1 & incite ! infidels 
to believe 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4  ,! ,div9e   
love :i* inflam$ ! he>t ( ,/4 ,francis1 
made ev]y?+ appe> amiable to him :i*    
c\ld t5d to ! love & s]vice ( ,god4 ,=  
?is reason he 0 fond ( birds1 ^: c>ol   
seem$ to invite mank9d to publi% ! glory
 ( _! ,creator1 =1 accord+ to ! words ( 
,jesus ,*ri/1 nei!r d !y s[ nor reap1   
nor ga!r into b>ns3 yet _! ,heav5ly     
,fa!r fe$s !m4 ,x 0 gratify+ to him to  
rem>k ! gray & a% color ( l>ks1 ! color 
he _h *os5 = 8 ,ord]1 s t ! m9ors might 
(t5 ?9k on dea?4 ,he also lov$ to admire
 ! disposition ( ! plumage ( su* z 7    
cre/$1 :i* seem$ to him to h "s relation
 to ! simplicity ( 8 habit4 ,on ! l>k   
ris+ into ! air1 & s++ z soon z x has   
tak5 "s gra9s ( corn = its n\ri%m5t1 he 
rem>k$ ) s5sible pleasure t ?is example 
ought to tea* u to give ?anks to our    

common ,fa!r1 :o gives u :]e)al = our   
su/5ance1 only to eat = ,8 glory1 to    
despise ! e>?1 & to raise ourselves up  
to ,heav51 :]e our conv]sation ought to 
be4 ,he 0 m fond ( ^! small birds ?an ( 
any o!rs1 because !y induc$ holy ?\ghts1
 & he took z mu* c>e ( !m z he c\ld4  ,z
 he _h noble & spiritual motives = 8    
simple/ & mo/ common actions1 ,god made 
use ( ?is = ! in/ruction ( m5 by !      
example ( a bird4 ,ne> ! ,conv5t ( ,m\nt
 ,rani]1 or ,m\nt ,colombo1 !re 0 a ne/ 
( cre/$ l>ks1 ! "m ( :i* came e day to  
fe$ out ( ! h& ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god & took
 suffici5t = h]self & h] brood3 :5 !y   
began to be /rong1 %e br\ght ! little   
ones to him4 ,he p]ceiv$ t ! /ronge/ ( !
 brood peck$ ! o!rs1 & prev5t$ !m f tak+
 up ! gra94 ,?is displeas$ him1 &       
address+ himself to ! little bird z if x
 c\ld und]/& him1 ,cruel & insatiable   
little animal1 he said1 y w die         
mis]ably1 & ! gre$ie/ animals w n be    
will+ to eat y\r fle%1 ,9 fact1 "s days 
aft]w>ds1 x 0 dr[n$ 9 a bas91 :i* 0     

plac$ = !m to dr9k out (4 ,x 0 giv5 to !
 cats & dogs1 to see if !y w\ld eat x2 b
 nei!r w\ld t\* x4 ,x may be ?\ght t s  
trifl+ an anecdote 0 n wor? record+1 b  
!re is no?+ trifl+ 9 ! moral x conta9s4 
,x is a natural repres5tation ( ^? gre$y
 & insatiable m5 :o dev\r ! sub/ance (  
_! bre?r51 & envy !m all t !y _c despoil
 !m (2 enemies ( mank9d1 unwor?y ( ! "n 
( m51 ?ieves1 ruffians1 ravag+ wolves1 z
 !y are designat$ 9 ,scripture1 ^:      
voracity1 say ! ,holy ,fa!rs1 surpasses 
t ( wild bea/s2 ^: life is a public     
calamity2 hat$ & dete/$ by all1 dur+ _! 
lives1 !y die z !y h liv$1 & _! memory  
is held 9 execration4  ,! t5d]-he>t$ness
 :i* ,francis ev9c$ = animals has be5   
ridicul$ by h]etics4 ,nev]!less1 ! ,holy
 ,gho/ tells u1 by ! m\? ( ,wisdom1 t ! 
j man reg>de? ! lives ( 8 bea/s4 ,!     
,patri>* ,jacob excus$ himself f foll[+ 
8 bro!r ,esau1 because 8 ewes & c[s 7   
heavy1 & he 0 fe>ful he %\ld kill !m if 
he hurri$ !m4 ,:5 ,/4 ,paul said1 ,do?  
,god take c>e ( ox58 he only wi%$ to    

ins9uate t ,god is f> m int]e/$ 9 :at   
reg>ds m54  ,9 ?is view ,/4 ,*ryso/om1  
comm5t+ on ! words ( ,wisdom1 :i* we h j
 quot$1 says t ! sa9ts are t5d]-he>t$2 t
 !y love all m51 /rang]s z well z _! own
 c\ntrym5 & _! own families1 & t _! good
 feel+s are ext5d$ to s5seless animals4 
,sulpicius ,sev]us relates ( ,/4 ,m>t91 
t1 see+ "s h\nds pursu+ a h>e1 :i* !y 7 
on ! po9t ( cat*+1 he ord]$ !m to /op2  
he _h no soon] spok51 ?an ! h\nds became
 immovable on ! spot :]e !y 71 & !y did 
n /ir till ! h>e 0 plac$ 9 safety4  ,an 
au?or ( ! life ( ,/4 ,b]n>d1 :o _h be5 8
 secret>y1 says t n only m51 b          
irrational animals1 ev5 birds1 & o!r    
bea/s1 felt ! effects ( 8 t5d]ness4 ,he 
adds t ! ,sa9t1 9 "o ( 8 j\rneys1 com+  
close to a h>e1 :i* ! dogs 7 ab\t to    
cat*1 & :]e a bird 0 ne>ly seiz$ 9 !    
talons ( a hawk1 deliv]$ !m bo?         
miracul\sly by ! sign ( ! cross1 & !n   
told ! sportsm5 t all _! ef=ts w\ld be  
useless = tak+ ?is prey4  ,if x _h be5  
?\ght prop] n to omit 9 8 life1 & 9 t ( 

,/4 ,m>t9 also1 ^! anecdotes ( !        
goodness ( _! he>ts1 :i* 7 enhanc$ by   
sup]natural evid5ce1 & ( :i* ,god       
approv$ by ,8 wisdom & ,8 p[]1 :at "r c 
critics h to c5sure precisely simil>    
circum/ances 9 ! life ( ,/4 ,francis8   
,! glori\s ,patri>*1 :o prais$ ,god 9 ! 
m9ute/ ?+s1 procur$ 8 glory 9 ! greate/4
 ,8 pr9cipal c>e 0 to lead 8 bre?r5 to  
p]fection2 to r5d] !m wor?y imitators ( 
,jesus crucifi$1 capable ( excit+ ,8    
love 9 all he>ts4 ,x w\ld be difficult  
to po9t out ! f\nd] ( an ord] :o _h     
spok5 m1 taught m1 or exhort$ m1 ?an ,/4
 ,francis2 & x may h be5 notic$ t he    
in/ruct$ 8 disciples 9 ! mo/ solid &    
em95t virtues4 ,he recomm5d$ !m to put !
 ,gospel 9 practice1 z !y _h promis$ to 
d 9 mak+ pr(ession ( ! rule2 to adore   
pr(\ndly & ) great devotion ! ,body (   
,jesus ,*ri/2 to he> ,mass mo/ dev\tly2 
to celebrate ! ,div9e ,(fice ) att5tion2
 c>efully to keep all ! ord9ances ( !   
,*ur*2 to h ! greate/ v5]ation = all    
prie/s1 humbly to b[ 9 _! pres5ce1 & to 

kiss _! h&s4 ,he ev5 said t1 if x c\ld  
be done1 !y ought to kiss ! feet ( !    
horses on :i* !y rode1 to honor ! p[]   
:i* !y h ( consecrat+ & adm9i/]+ !      
,div9e my/]ies4  ,:5 abroad1 x 0 8      
desire t 8 religi\s %\ld appe> ) s mu*  
mode/y1 res]ve1 & circumspection1 t e "o
 might be edifi$ !reby1 & glorify ,god  
!re94 ,d n despise ! m5 ( ! _w1 he said1
 & judge n ill ( !m4 ,y are n to judge  
o!r p]sons' s]vants1 :o are n y\rs2 :e!r
 !y /& or fall1 x is n y\r affair1 b t (
 _! ma/]s4 ,h peace 9 y\r own m9d1 make 
x kn[n to o!rs1 inspire x to all2 labor 
= ! conv]sion ( s9n]s1 = t is y\r       
vocation4  ,att5tive to ! regulation ( !
 int]ior1 he incessantly exhort$ !m to  
correct ! smalle/ defects2 to ex]cise   
!mselves 9 ! practice ( holy pray]1 to  
m$itate on ! ,passion ( our ,bless$     
,savi\r1 & to use all _! ef=ts to       
pres]ve union & frat]nal love4 ,happy1  
said he1 is ! man :o loves 8 bro!r :5   
abs5t1 z well z :5 !y are toge!r1 & :o  
w\ld n say 9 8 abs5ce :at *>ity w\ld    

prev5t 8 say+ 9 8 pres5ce4  ,9 ! view ( 
r5d]+ 8 bre?r5 m p]fect1 he frequ5tly   
c\nt]act$ ! b5t ( _! devotion4 ,bro!r   
,masse 0 a v spiritual man1 :o 0 mu*    
atta*$ to pray]4 ,francis1 9 ord] to try
 him1 said to him "o day1 9 pres5ce ( ! 
o!rs3 ,bro!r1 ^! h receiv$ f ,god a     
great] gift ( contemplation ?an y h4 ,= 
:i* reason1 9 ord] to give !m m "t to   
give !mselves v freely to x1 x seems    
prop] t y1 :o seem m calculat$ = ext]ior
 duties1 %\ld h ! c>e ( ! door & ( !    
kit*51 &1 if !re is any "t ov]1 y w     
employ x 9 que/+4 ,take great c>e t !   
/rang]s :o may call1 d n int]rupt y\r   
bre?r5 9 _! m$itations4 ,z soon z !y may
 knock at ! door1 be !re ready to       
receive !m1 satisfy !m ) fair words1 & d
 ev]y?+ :i* ! o!rs w\ld h done1 s t x   
%all n be necess>y = any ( !m to make _!
 appe>ance4 ,g 9 peace1 & fail n 9 do+  
all ^! ?+s1 9 ord] to h ! m]it (        
ob$i5ce4  ,masse1 b[+ 8 head1 submitt$  
to ! ord] ( 8 sup]ior1 )\t hesitation or
 murmur1 &1 dur+ sev]al days1 he        

acquitt$ himself fai?fully ( :at _h be5 
direct$4 ,8 companions1 :o knew 8       
virtue1 & ! love he _h = pray]1 _h      
scruples at see+ him 9 ^! employm5ts1 & 
begg$ _! fa!r to p]mit !m to %>e ^!     
duties ) him4 ,he ass5t$1 &1 s5d+ =     
,masse1 said to him3 ,bro!r1 y\r        
companions wi% to relieve & assi/ y1 &  
,i also wi% t !y may h a %>e 9 ! labors4
 ,to :i* ,mass repli$1 ,fa!r1 ,i consid]
 z com+ f ,god :atev] duties y direct1  
:e!r x be my "w or pray]4 ,/4 ,francis1 
see+ ! *>ity on ! "o "p1 & ! humility on
 ! o!r1 gave !m an exhortation on ^! two
 virtues1 & di/ribut$ ! duties among !m1
 ) 8 bless+4  ,:at he _h ard5tly desir$ 
= himself1 & :at he 0 rejoic$ to see "s 
( 8 bre?r5 look =w>d to mo/ anxi\sly1 0 
! p]fection :i* consi/s 9 suff]+        
m>tyrdom3 9 %$d+ "o's blood = ! fai?4 ,z
 he c\ld n obta9 ?is favor1 & z x 0 only
 grant$ to a few ( 8 bre?r5 dur+ 8      
lifetime1 he endeavor$ to make up = x by
 ano!r species ( m>tyrdom1 :i*1 z ,/4   
,b]n>d says1 is inde$ less cruel ?an !  

fir/1 b is r5d]$ m bitt] by its         
duration4 ,x is ! m>tyrdom (            
mortification1 & pr9cipally t ( volunt>y
 pov]ty4 ,9 fact1 ?is pov]ty1 z he      
compell$ its obs]vance1 n only plac$ him
 & 8 bre?r5 9 ! mo/ humiliat+ situation 
9 ! eyes ( ! _w1 b depriv$ !m1 moreov]1 
( all ! com=ts & conv5i5ces ( life2     
expos$ !m to hung]1 ?ir/1 want ( clo?+1 
& v>i\s o!r annoy+ discom=ts4 ,all ?is1 
h[ev]1 0 n1 9 8 view1 ! consummation (  
?is description ( m>tyrdom4 ,x 0 /ill   
fur!r requisite to suff] pati5tly1 9 "t 
( pa9 & sickness1 ! want ( assi/ance1   
:i* pov]ty _c comm&1 to see ! disease   
increase1 & dea? ab\t to foll[1 f want (
 necess>y succor4  ,8 *>ity _h tak5 all 
possible precaution = procur+ assi/ance 
to ! sick ( 8 ,ord]4 ,he _h direct$ t1  
if any ( ! bre?r5 fell sick1 ! o!rs %\ld
 att5d ^u !m1 z !y w\ld wi% to be       
!mselves wait$ ^u 9 l circum/ances1 & ) 
m affection ?an a "m has = a belov$ son4
 ,not)/&+ ! great av]sion he _h to      
money1 he requir$ t ! sup]iors %\ld make

 application to _! spiritual fri5ds1 to 
induce !m to give co9s1 9 ord] to assi/ 
! bre?r5 9 _! sickness4 ,b1 z he =esaw t
 ?is measure might n always be          
successful1 & t pov]ty 9 su* a case w\ld
 put x out ( ! p[] ( ! sup]iors to      
procure :at 0 absolutely necess>y = !   
sick1 he po9t$ out to ! bre?r5 :at      
p]fection call$ ^u !m to d3  ,if "o ( ! 
bre?r51 9 heal? or 9 sickness1 f9ds     
himself unable1 ?r\gh pov]ty1 to procure
 :at 8 absolute necessities require1    
provid$ he has humbly appli$ to 8       
sup]ior = !m = ! love ( ,god1 let him   
be> ) ! privation1 = ! love ( ,jesus    
,*ri/1 :o s\ght = consolation1 b f\nd   
none4 ,x is a suff]+ :i*1 w be 9 ,8     
sight a sub/itute = m>tyrdom2 if ?is    
%\ld ev5 increase 8 disease1 he mu/ n   
fe> be+ guilty ( suicide1 = he has done 
all he ought to h done1 by apply+ humbly
 to 8 sup]iors4 ,! maxim is well gr\nd$4
 ,/4 ,*ryso/om ma9ta9s1 t to suff]      
g5]\sly ! loss ( all goods1 z did holy  
,job1 is a species ( m>tyrdom4 ,/4      

,b]n>d says ! same ?+ ( volunt>y pov]ty1
 & rem>ks t1 9 ! ,beatitudes1 a simil>  
rew>d is promis$ to ! poor & to m>tyrs4 
,on ^? pr9ciples1 is n a ,fri> ,m9or to 
be look$ ^u z a m>tyr1 :o1 hav+ embrac$ 
! /ricte/ pov]ty1 = ! love ( ,jesus     
,*ri/1 w\ld1 r ?an contrav5e x1 endure )
 pati5ce e evil1 & ev5 dea?1 & w\ld     
g5]\sly make to ,god ! sacrifice ( 8    
heal? & ( 8 life1 9 ord] to practise ?is
 virtue to 8 la/ brea?8 ,/4 ,augu/9e    
affirms t a ,*ri/ian suff]s m>tyrdom 9 8
 b$1 :5 he decl9es procur+ 8 cure by    
=bidd5 means3 ?us1 a sick ,fri> ,m9or1  
:o has n ! necess>y assi/ance1 br\ght   
ab\t by 8 hav+ embrac$ pov]ty1 accord+  
to ! ,evangelical c\nsel1 is a m>tyr to 
pov]ty4 ,ev5 suppos+ t x 0 less ow+ to  
pov]ty1 ?an to ! neglect or h>%ness ( 8 
sup]ior1 t he 0 )\t assi/ance1 he w\ld  
equally h ga9$ ! cr[n promis$ to ?is    
description ( m>tyrdom1 s9ce x w\ld be z
 an ,evangelical paup] t he w\ld suff] &
 die4 ,b woe to t sup]ior :o %\ld       
procure him su* a cr[n6 ,he w\ld be l to

 ^? :o h made s _m m>tyrs 9 ! p]secution
 ( ! ,*ur*4  ,:5 ,/4 ,francis le>nt t 8 
bre?r51 by ! sanctity ( _! lives1 & by !
 efficacy ( _! prea*+1 br\ght back      
numb]s ( s9n]s into ! pa?s ( tru?1 &    
enk9dl$ 9 _! brea/s ! love ( ,god1 he   
said t su* intellig5ce 0 to him z mo/   
pleas+ odors & preci\s p]fumes1 by :i*  
he 0 :olly embalm$2 &1 9 8 spiritual    
joy1 he load$ ^! holy & edify+ religi\s 
) ! mo/ ample b5$ictions4 ,on ! o!r h&1 
he fulm9at$ dreadful mal$ictions aga9/  
su* z di%onor$ religion by _! conduct4  
,mo/ holy ,"l1 he w\ld say1 may ^? :o   
ov]?r[ & de/roy by _! bad example :at   
,?\ incessantly raise/ up by ! sa9tly   
bre?r5 ( ! ,ord]1 be accurs$ by ,!e & by
 ! :ole cele/ial *oir1 & also by me1 ,?y
 little s]vant4  ,any sc&al giv5 to     
little ones gave him s mu* affliction & 
he>tsore1 t he (t5 might h di$ ( x1 if  
,god _h n support$ him by int]ior       
consolations4 ,"o day1 :5 he 0 suff]+   
extreme grief on a subject ( ?is nature1
 & 0 pray+ ! ,fa!r ( ,m]cies = 8 *ildr51

 ,/4 ,bonav5ture in=ms u t he receiv$ ! 
foll[+ answ]3 ,poor little man1 :y d y  
disquiet y\rself8 ,because ,i h appo9t$ 
y ! pa/or ( ?is religion :i* ,i h       
e/abli%$1 are y unm9dful t ,i am its    
pr9cipal protector8 ,i gave y !         
direction ( x1 to y :o are a simple man1
 9 ord] t :at ,i %\ld d ?r\gh y might be
 attribut$1 n to human indu/ry1 b to my 
favor4 ,x is ,i :o call$ ^? :o h ent]$  
x2 ,i w pres]ve !m1 & provide = _!      
wants2 ,i w sub/itute o!rs = ^? :o w die
 (f2 ,i w cause "s to be born1 9 ord] to
 come into x2 & :atev] may occur to %ake
 ?is religion1 :i* is f\nd$ on /rict    
pov]ty4 ,i w assi/ by ,my grace1 t x    
%all be always upheld4 ,up to ?is day1 !
 _w has se5 ! v]ification ( ?is         
prophecy4 ,! ,ord] ( ,fri>s ,m9or has   
be5 p[]fully attack$1 & has /ill _m     
enemies2 nev]!less1 x /ill subsi/s4  ,to
 animate 8 bre?r5 to p]fection1 he      
employ$ example1 r ?an precept4 ,:5 he  
impos$ puni%m5ts1 if !y appe>$ to him to
 be v sev]e1 he took !m also on himself4

 ,hav+ s5t ,bro!r ,ruff9us to prea* at  
,assisi )\t 8 hood1 because he _h s\ght 
to be excus$ f prea*+1 he reflect$ on ! 
sev]ity ( ?is ord]1 & w5t himself to !  
*ur* :]e ,ruff9us 0 prea*+4 ,! latt]    
hav+ left ! pulpit to give x up to      
,francis1 he began 8 disc\rse1 & in/ill$
 into 8 audi5ce s mu* compunction1 t x 0
 evid5t t ,god _h bless$ ! ob$i5ce ( !  
disciple & ! example ( ! ma/]4  ,?is    
admirable preceptor taught no virtues   
:i* he did n himself practise 9 an em95t
 degree2 & z ^? :i* are ext]ior make !  
greate/ impression1 he practis$ extreme 
au/]ity1 9 ord] t ! o!rs %\ld imitate   
him4 ,hav+ notic$1 on a c]ta9 occasion1 
t "s ( 8 bre?r5 _h relax$ f ! extreme   
pov]ty ( _! n\ri%m5t1 he ?us slyly      
reprim&$ !m3 ,my bre?r5 may well believe
 t1 ) s infirm a body z m9e is1 ,i      
require bett] n\ri%m5t ?an :at ,i get1 b
 ,i am oblig$ to be _! model 9 ev]y?+2 =
 :i* reason ,i propose to give up e     
alleviation1 & to ca/ aside1 ) disgu/1  
ev]y?+ resembl+ delicacy2 to be satisfi$

 ) little 9 ev]y?+2 to make use ( ^? ?+s
 only :i* are ! commone/1 vile/1 & mo/  
con=mable to /rict pov]ty4  ,be+ 9 a    
h]mitage 9 "s m\nta9s1 9 mid-w9t]1 :5 ! 
wea!r 0 rigor\sly cold & sev]e1 8       
companions prep>$ a habit = him1 9 :i*  
!y l9$ ! brea/1 to make x some:at w>m] =
 him1 b he made !m take ?is out1 say+3  
,i am plac$ "h to give example to o!rs2 
my life mu/ be _! rule4 ,i "k t !re is  
no h>m 9 we>+ a w>m] habit 9 ! /ate ,i  
am 91 b ,i see _m ( our bre?r5 :o       
require x z mu* z ,i d1 & :o c\ld n get 
x4 ,i mu/ !re=e be> ?is pov]ty ) !m1 & n
 diff] f !m 9 any?+1 le/ x %\ld be ?\ght
 t ,i take great] c>e ( myself ?an ( !  
o!rs4 ,!y w m will+ly be> ! privation ( 
^! wants1 :5 !y %all see t ,i volunt>ily
 g )\t aid4 ,8 ?ree companions1 ! writ]s
 ( 8 life1 obs]v$ t he refus$ 8 body !  
mo/ lawful indulg5ce1 9 ord] t 8 *ildr5 
%\ld be a%am$ ( tak+ ^? :i* 7 less s2 & 
t 8 maxim 01 always to give in/ruction m
 by example ?an by disc\rse4  ,he       
recomm5d$ 8 bre?r51 also1 to prea* by   

example1 &1 f>!r on1 we %all see "s     
beautiful s5tim5ts 9 8 maxims1 relative 
to prea*+4 ,rodriguez1 ( ! ,society (   
,jesus1 an excell5t ma/] ( spiritual    
life1 m5tions1 on ?is subject1 a lesson 
:i* our sa9t gave to "o ( 8 religi\s1   
:i* we give "h1 9 ! v words ( ! tal5t$  
academician1 :o translat$ ! ,practice ( 
,*ri/ian ,p]fection1 ( ! pi\s au?or4 ,/4
 ,francis1 tak+ "o day "o ( 8 religi\s )
 him1 said3--,let u g & prea*2 & !reupon
 he w5t out1 & aft] hav+ made a t\r r\nd
 ! t[n1 he return$ to ! conv5t4 ,b1     
,fa!r1 said 8 companion1 are we n go+ to
 prea*8 ,we h done s already1 repli$ !  
,sa9t4 ,x 0 ! religi\s res]ve :i* !y _h 
us$ 9 walk+ ?r\gh ! /reets1 :i* he      
consid]$ to be an excell5t s]mon = !    
:ole t[n4 ,&1 9 fact1 a mortifi$ &      
humble ext]ior leads ! p to piety &     
contempt ( ! _w1 x excites to           
compunction = s91 & raises ! he>t &     
desires to heav5ly objects4 ,x is a mute
 exhortation1 :i* has (t5 m effect ?an !
 mo/ eloqu5t & sublime s]mons4  ,to     

example & precept1 ! holy ,patri>* add$ 
frequ5t & f]v5t pray]s = ! spiritual    
advancem5t ( 8 *ildr52 well kn[+ t nei!r
 he :o plants1 nor he :o wat]s1         
contributes to ! fruit :i* ! tree be>s1 
b t ! int]ior virtue :i* fructifies1    
comes f ,god4 ,9 f9e1 9 ord] n to be    
want+ 9 any?+ :i* might be 9 8 p[]1 :5 8
 infirmities absolutely prev5t$ 8 wat*+ 
ov] ! conduct ( 8 *ildr51 he unceas+ly  
exhort$ ! sup]iors to fulfil ?is duty ) 
exactness1 & he en=c$ x by ! foll[+     
p[]ful motive3 t1 if "o ( ! bre?r5 %\ld 
be lo/ by _! fault1 !y w\ld be          
acc\ntable = him to ,jesus ,*ri/ on !   
day ( judgm5t4  ,/4 ,francis1 be+ ill at
 ,assisi1 cur$ a spiritual w\nd ( a m   
s]i\s nature ?an t ( a scruple4 ,"o ( 8 
*ildr51 nam$ ,ric]1 ( ,bologna1         
,prov9cial 9 ! ,m>*es ( ,ancona1 a man (
 a v sa9tly life1 _h tak5 x into 8 head1
 at ! sugge/ion ( ! devil1 t ! patri>*  
hat$ him1 because he knew t he 0 to be  
damn$1 & he came to ,assisi1 9 ! hopes t
 ?is ?\ght w\ld be dissipat$1 if ! sa9t 

%\ld receive him k9dly4 ,! ,sa9t1 :o _h 
a revelation z to ! /ate ( 8 m9d1 & ( 8 
arrival at ,assisi1 said to ,bro!rs     
,masse & ,leo3 ,g & meet ,bro!r ,ric]1  
embrace him1 & kiss him f me1 & tell him
 t1 among all my bre?r5 9 ! _w1 ,i love 
him ! mo/ t5d]ly4 ,!y execut$ !         
commission giv5 !m1 & ,ric] f\nd himself
 /r5g!n$ 9 8 fai?1 & fill$ ) joy1 &     
?ank$ ,god = ! happy success ( 8 j\rney4
 ,z soon z he appe>$1 ,francis1 weak z  
he 01 ran to him1 &1 embrac+ him1 said1 
) pat]nal affection3 ,ric]1 my de> son1 
y are1 among all our bre?r51 he :om ,i  
love f ! bottom ( my he>t2 &1 aft] hav+ 
made ! sign ( ! cross ^u 8 =ehead1 he   
gave him sev]al kisses1 & !n add$3      
,ric]1 my de> *ild1 ?is temptation 0    
visit$ ^u y = y\r great] good4 ,b if y d
 n *oose to be a ga9] at ?is price1 y w 
h5ce=w>d suff] no m f ?is temptation1   
nor f any o!r2 & f t "t1 he nev] _h     
ano!r4  ,! holy ,patri>* _h s t5d] a    
love = 8 bre?r51 t he c\ld n be> t a    
%ade ( sorr[fulness %\ld pass ov] _!    

m9ds1 le/ !y %\ld lose _! spiritual joy4
 ,my de> bre?r51 he said to !m1 ent]ta9 
int]iorly & ext]iorly ! holy joy :i*    
,god gives4 ,:5 ,8 s]vants seek to obta9
 & pres]ve ,8 spiritual joy1 :i* has its
 s\rce 9 purity ( he>t1 9 ! f]vor (     
pray]1 & 9 o!r virtu\s practices1 !     
devils c d !m no injury2 & !y say3 ',we 
c d no injury to ^! s]vants ( ,god2 we h
 no entry to !m2 !y are always joyful1  
:e!r 9 tribulation or prosp]ity4' ,b !y 
are highly gratifi$ :5 !y c deprive !m (
 ?is happy temp] ( m9d1 or1 at lea/1    
less5 its int5sity2 because1 if !y c    
succe$ 9 in/ill+ any ( _! own v5om into 
!m1 !y w soon turn :at has only ! bread?
 ( a hair into a beam1 by add+ some?+ by
 little & little1 unless we endeavor to 
de/roy _! "w by ! virtue ( pray]1 (     
contrition1 ( confession1 &             
satisfaction4 ,= ?is reason1 my bre?r51 
s9ce spiritual joy comes f purity (     
consci5ce & ! frequ5t ex]cise ( f]v5t   
pray]1 labor pr9cipally to acquire ^!   
two bless+s1 9 ord] t y always possess  

x2 ,i am v anxi\s to see x 9 y1 & to    
feel x 9 myself4 ,x is = ! devil & 8    
satellites to be sorr[ful2 b z to u1 we 
c always rejoice 9 ! ,"l4  ,al?\gh !    
holy man _h occasionally reason to be   
sorr[ful1 9 consequ5ce ( ! temptations  
to :i* he 0 expos$1 or f ! fe> ( ! pa9s 
( hell1 aris+ f ! remembrance ( 8 s9s1  
yet he 0 ev] gay4 ,he 0 "o day ask$ !   
reason ( ?is1 & he gave ?is answ]3 ,my  
s9s sometimes1 inde$1 make me v         
sorr[ful1 & ,satan w\ld wi% to impr9t   
?is sadness on me1 9 ord] to make me    
fall into slo?fulness & we>9ess2 b :5 t 
occurs1 ,i look on my companion3 !      
spiritual joy ,i see 9 him1 r5ews m9e1 &
 ! temptation passes (f4 ,my joy is a   
torm5t to ! devils1 = !y envy me !      
favors ,i receive f ,god4 ,i "k & see t1
 :5 !y _c injure me by mak+ me sorr[ful1
 !y endeavor to /rip ?is spiritual joy f
 my companions1 &1 if !y _c succe$ ei!r 
) !m or ) me1 !y retire 9 confusion4    
,we mu/ notice1 9 ?is answ] ( ! holy    
,fa!r1 two sorts ( sorr[3 ! "o aris+ f !

 angui% caus$ by s91 ( :i* ,/4 ,paul    
says1 t x is accord+ to ,god1 & works   
p5ance unto salvation4 ,?is does n d    
away ) spiritual joy2 on ! contr>y1 x   
produces x3 no?+ is sweet]1 or m        
consol+1 ?an ! te>s %$ f ! impulse (    
s9c]e contrition4 ,! o!r sorr[ is a     
depression ( spirits1 br\ght ab\t by !  
devil1 :o endeavors to r5d] u tepid &   
sluggi%1 to give u a disgu/ = pi\s      
ex]cises1 & to induce u to give !m up4  
,a good consci5ce causes spiritual joy4 
,no "o has truly cause to rejoice1 b he 
:o is well ) ,god1 fai?ful to ,8 law1 & 
submissive to ,8 w4 ,a tranquil m9d1    
free & dis5gag$ f ! tyranny ( !         
passions1 is1 9 ! op9ion ( ,wisdom1 a   
cont9ual fea/4 ,x is true happ9ess3 ,= a
 happy life is no?+ m1 says ,/4         
,augu/9e1 ?an ! joy :i* is f\nd 9 tru?2 
t is1 9 ,god1 :o is tru?1 ! sweet light 
( our s\ls1 our salvation & our repose4 
,!re=e ,david excites ! j ( ,israel to  
manife/ _! joy1 & ,/4 ,paul said to !   
,*ri/ians3 ,rejoice always 9 ! ,"l2 ,i  

say aga91 rejoice4 ,:at con/itutes !    
,k+dom ( ,god is ! ju/ice1 peace1 & joy1
 :i* come f ! ,holy ,_s4  ,?is          
disposition ( ! he>t enables x to resi/ 
! evil _s1 accord+ to ! words ( ,esdras 
to ! ,jewi% p3 ,! joy ( ! ,"l is our    
/r5g?4 ,:at c ! evil _s d aga9/ a s\l ^:
 sole pleasure is to s]ve ,god1 :o has  
no o!r solace ?an to love & praise ,him8
 ,!re is1 moreov]1 no?+ :i* makes s     
great an impression on ! p ( ! _w1 z    
witness+ ! int]ior cont5tm5t ( a truly  
good man1 :i* is se5 9 ! s]5ity ( 8     
c\nt5ance4 ,?is is1 accord+ to ,/4      
,augu/9e1 :at compels !m to admit t !y  
!mselves h n true joy1 = t is res]v$ to 
,god's s]vants4  ,x 0 n alone by ! ardor
 ( 8 zeal1 & ! t5d]ness ( 8 affection1 t
 ! holy ,f\nd] l$ on 8 bre?r51 b by a   
wond]ful discretion & prud5ce 9 !       
gov]nm5t ( 8 ,ord]4 ,al?\gh he us$ e    
endeavor to induce 8 religi\s to live   
au/]ely1 he1 nev]!less1 recomm5d$ !m to 
be guid$ by mod]ation2 he did n         
c\nt5ance indiscreet p5ances4  ,bro!r   

,sylve/]1 ! fir/ prie/ 9 8 ,ord]1 hav+  
fall5 into an illness ( languor1 br\ght 
on by excess 9 8 mortifications1 _h a   
wi% to eat "s grapes3 ,francis1 hav+ be5
 in=m$ ( x1 ha/5$ to procure him ?is    
relief4 ,he took him1 z well z he c\ld1 
into ! v9ey>d ( "o ( 8 fri5ds1 :i* 0 ne>
 ! conv5t1 &1 hav+ made him sit d[n ne> 
a plant ( v9e1 he bless$ x1 & ord]$ him 
to eat ! grapes1 & ate "s ) him4 ,z soon
 z ! sick man _h eat5 ( !m1 he f\nd     
himself p]fectly cur$1 & he frequ5tly   
aft]w>ds relat$ ! circum/ance to 8      
bre?r51 ) te>s 9 8 eyes1 z a pro( ( !   
love ! holy fa!r bore to 8 *ildr52 x 01 
also1 an effect ( 8 discretion1 =1      
disapprov+ ( ,sylve/]'s excessive       
au/]ities1 he *ose t he %\ld take ?is   
sort ( rem$y1 :i* nature seem$ to call  
=1 & x pleas$ ,god to r5d] ?is ! subject
 ( a miracle4  ,?is prud5t & *>itable   
,fa!r came to "k1 "o night1 t "o ( 8    
*ildr5 :o _h fa/$ too rigidly1 c\ld n   
take repose1 9 consequ5ce ( ! hung] :i* 
oppress$ him4 ,n to leave him 9 s       

deplorable a /ate1 he s5t = him1 (f]$   
him "s bread1 & press$ him to eat ( x1  
eat+ "s himself fir/1 to give him       
confid5ce4 ,! religi\s got ov] ! %yness 
he at fir/ felt1 & took ! n\ri%m5t he s 
greatly requir$1 be+ well pleas$ to h   
be5 reliev$ f ! p]il 8 life 0 91 by !   
prud5ce & k9dness ( ! ,sa9t1 & to see s 
edify+ an example4 ,9 ! morn+1 ,francis 
assembl$ 8 bre?r51 & hav+ told !m :at _h
 occurr$ 9 ! night1 said3--,bre?r51 take
 a prec$5t f ?is1 n z to :at ,i ate1 b t
 ,i _h rec\rse to1 :at 0 *>itable4 ,!n  
he po9t$ out to !m t virtue %\ld always 
h discretion = its rule & = its guide2 n
 t discretion :i* ! fle% inspires1 b t  
:i* has be5 taught by ,jesus ,*ri/1 ^:  
mo/ holy life is ! f9i%$ model ( all    
p]fection4  ,let ea* man1 he cont9u$1 h 
reg>d to 8 con/itution4 ,if "s ( y are  
/rong en\gh to support life well1 :ile  
eat+ v little1 ,i d n wi%1 on t acc\nt1 
t "o :o requires m n\ri%m5t1 %all       
imitate !m 9 ?is respect3 su* a "o might
 give 8 body :at is necess>y = x2 =1 z 9

 eat+1 we are oblig$ to avoid :atev] is 
sup]flu\s1 :i* is hurtful to ! body &   
s\l1 s also we mu/ gu>d aga9/ excessive 
ab/95ce1 & ! m s because ! ,"l requires 
m]cy r ?an sacrifice4 ,?is is :at ,god  
says by ! ,prophet ,osee1 :i* means t   
,he pref]s ! practice ( works ( m]cy to 
our neighbor1 to ! ext]ior ex]cise (    
religion2 & t ?is wor%ip :i* mu/ be     
r5d]$ ,him1 is n plead+ to ,him )\t     
m]cy4 ,n[1 z we are comm&$ to love our  
neighbor ) a love ( *>ity1 ,/4 ,?omas   
tea*es u1 z does ,/4 ,augu/9e1 t ! same 
love obliges u to h a simil> reg>d = our
 own body2 f :5ce x foll[s t1 ?is *>ity 
n be+ f\nd 9 immod]ate ab/95ce1 ,god    
does n approve ( ! sacrifice4 ,to ?is we
 may add1 t x is sometimes ! devil :o   
in/igates a p]son to und]take immod]ate 
fa/+1 9 ord] to r5d] t p]son incapable (
 spiritual ex]cises1 & = o!r evil       
int5tions4  ,! holy ,f\nd] caution$ 8   
bre?r5 to avoid excess 9 fa/+1 ev5 m ?an
 excess 9 eat+1 because he knew t !y 7  
all animat$ by ! _s ( mortification4 ,_!

 f]vor 0 s great t1 9 fa/+ v rigor\sly1 
!y at ! same "t wore iron girdles1 coats
 ( mail1 co>se hair-%irts1 & took sev]e 
discipl9es1 :i* br\ght on frequ5t       
illnesses4 ,= ?is reason he (t5         
recomm5d$ discretion to !m4 ,my bre?r51 
he said1 if a s]vant ( ,god gives 8 body
 :at is reasonable = its n\ri%m5t & =   
its repose1 & if ! body is nev]!less    
sluggi%1 lazy1 sleepy at pray]1 9       
wat*+s1 & o!r good works1 x mu/1 !n1 be 
*a/is$1 & treat$ z a horse t refuses to 
"w1 or an ass t won't g on1 al?\gh !y   
are well f$4 ,b1 if ! body is depriv$ ( 
its real wants1 x is disabl$ f be>+ !   
yoke ( p5ance1 & p]=m+ ! functions      
requir$ by ! s\l2 x has1 !n1 e "r to    
compla94  ,we %all1 p]haps1 be surpris$ 
t ,/4 ,francis1 :o prea*es discretion s 
admirably to 8 bre?r51 %\ld h c>ri$ 8   
own au/]ities to excess2 b we mu/ be> 9 
m9d t he 0 a man1 guid$ 9 all ?+s by !  
,holy ,_s1 9 :om ,god 0 pleas$ to %[ !  
abundant ri*es ( ,8 grace1 & ^:         
prodigi\s p5it5tial ex]cises 7 to draw  

d[n an abundance ( m]cy on s9n]s4 ,?us1 
:at appe>$ excesses 9 8 mortifications1 
arose f 8 p]fect fidelity to !          
extraord9>y impulse he receiv$ f above2 
& ?is is true prud5ce4  ,f]v5t p]sons   
are occasionally f\nd :o w\ld wi% to    
imitate ! fa/+s & o!r au/]ities ( !     
sa9ts1 b ?is is presumption1 unless !y  
are call$ !reto by ,god1 & unless !     
vocation has be5 well s\nd$ & approv$ by
 legitimate au?ority4 ,! g5]al & safe   
maxim1 9 cases ( au/]ities1 is n to     
und]take any?+ extraord9>y1 )\t ! cons5t
 ( sup]iors & confessors4 ,be=e grant+  
any p]mission ( ?is nature1 !           
con/itution & "* ( ! p]son mu/ be       
c>efully exam9$1 & inquiry m9utely made 
:e!r ! applicant practises regul>ly !   
ord9>y mortifications1 & if he is z     
zeal\s 9 controll+ 8 passions & acquir+ 
! virtues requisite 9 8 /ation1 z = !   
mac]ation ( 8 body2 = x is (t5 f\nd t ^?
 :o solicit extraord9>y p5ances1 neglect
 ^? :i* are ord9>y & common1 & :o1 9    
mortify+ _! bodies1 d n take suffici5t  

pa9s to purify _! he>ts1 to become      
humble1 ob$i5t1 mild1 & *>itable4  ,x   
may n1 p]haps1 be believ$ t ! holy      
,patri>* c>ri$ 8 discretion &           
condesc5sion ev5 to ! build+s & !       
habits1--he :o advocat$ extreme pov]ty  
on ^! two articles4 ,he _h c>efully     
recomm5d$ to 8 bre?r5 to build only     
small1 l[ h\ses1 surr\nd$ only by h$ges1
 9 remote & solit>y situations2 b1 z 8  
own companions tell u1 he admitt$ t 9   
t[ns1 & ne> t[ns1 x 0 prop] to act      
o!rwise2 t1 9 consequ5ce ( ! numb] (    
religi\s :o 7 !re = ! s]vice ( !        
fai?ful1 x 0 necess>y to h ! conv5t     
surr\nd$ by walls4  ,8 companions also  
say t he all[$ ^? :o requir$ x1 to we> a
 s(t] & w>m] tunic2 on ?is sole         
condition1 h[ev]1 t ! outw>d g>m5t %\ld 
be v poor1 to keep up ! _s ( humility by
 ! contempt ! _w ent]ta9s = su* z are   
poorly clo!d4 ,f9ally1 ! same au?ors    
te/ify t1 al?\gh he 0 v au/]e f ! mom5t 
( 8 conv]sion1 to 8 dea?1 ) a           
con/itution v delicate & weak1 yet he   

prud5tly mod]at$ ! au/]ities ( 8 bre?r52
 & t _m ?+s :i* he rigidly refus$       
himself1 he all[$ to ! o!rs1 f          
discretion & f *>ity4 ,?is1 inde$1 is   
*>act]i/ic 9 ! sa9ts2 sev]e & inflexible
 to !mselves1 !y sp>$ _! neighbors1 & 7 
indulg5t 9 _! reg>d2 :ile hypocrites1   
su* z ! ,ph>isees1 & c]ta9 h]etics :o   
resemble !m1 put heavy burd5s on !      
%\ld]s ( o!rs1 :i* !y are unable to     
c>ry2 ov]:elm ) au/]ities ^? :om !y     
direct1 (t5 = ! mo/ trifl+ faults1 :ile 
!y !mselves live 9 com=t & at _! ease4  
,! discretion ( ,/4 ,francis 0 app>5t 9 
e "p ( 8 conduct4 ,b]n>d de ,besse1 "o (
 ! writ]s ( 8 life1 & secret>y to ,/4   
,bonav5ture1 says t he nev] spoke to 8  
bre?r5 b 9 t]ms ( mod]ation & mildness2 
t he compassionat$ ! weak1 & enc\rag$ ! 
"y 9 ! practice ( virtue2 t he _h great 
respect = old age2 t :atev] faults a    
prie/ might commit1 he nev] reprim&$ him
 b 9 private2 9 f9e1 t he _h prop]      
consid]ation = all ^? ^: bir?1 m]it1 or 
dignity requir$ x4  ,bro!r ,guy1 :o 0   

beatifi$ by ! ,holy ,see1 & ( :om we h  
be=e spok51 begg$ ! sa9t to all[ him to 
build a cell 9 ! fissure ( a rock :i* 0 
opposite to ! conv5t ( ,celles1 ne>     
,cortona1 9 ord] t he might live !re 9  
great solitude1 & give himself up to    
contemplation4 ,francis1 :o knew t ,guy1
 al?\gh he 0 only 9 ! novitiate1 _h !   
virtue ( ! anci5ts1 & w\ld raise himself
 up to an em95t degree ( sanctity1      
p]mitt$ him ?is peculi> retreat1 b ^u   
?is condition1 t x 0 n to prev5t him f  
att5d+ all ! (fices said by ! community1
 9 ord] to pres]ve ! uni=mity ( !       
obs]vance1 & to obviate ! illusion :i*  
might mix itself up ) unusual practices4
 ,?is 0 also :at ! ,sa9t himself        
practis$2 he quitt$ regul>ly 8          
contemplation1 to jo9 9 s++ ! praise (  
,god 9 community4  ,/4 ,bonav5ture says 
t "s ( 8 religi\s ask$ him "o day if he 
?\ght x prop] t p]sons :o 7 already     
le>n$1 :5 !y 7 admitt$ into ! ,ord]1    
%\ld cont9ue to /udy ! ,holy            
,scriptures8 ,to :i* he repli$3 ,?is is 

v pleas+ to me1 provid$ !y foll[ !      
example ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 :om we f9d to h 
pray$ m ?an ,he seems to h read4  ,a    
novice1 to :om ! vic>-g5]al _h all[$ !  
p>ticul> use ( a psalt]1 came to solicit
 ,francis' confirmation ( ?is p]mission1
 & ?is is ! reply he got3 ,*>lemagne1   
,orl&o1 & o!r great capta9s1 r5d]$      
!mselves illu/ri\s by _! exploits2 !    
m>tyrs are celebrat$ 9 ! ,*ur* by _!    
suff]+s & dea?2 b !re are o!rs :o aspire
 to glory by ! sole read+ ( ! feats ( ^!
 p]sons4 ,! ,sa9t int5d$ to give him to 
und]/& t no "o is e/imable unless by 8  
actions & conduct1 & t !re is no?+ m va9
 ?an a reputation gr\nd$ on fruitless   
sci5ce4  ,d\btless ! holy ,patri>* wi%$ 
8 bre?r5 to h psalt]s & brevi>ies1 s9ce 
!y 7 oblig$ to say ! ,div9e ,(fice4 ,he 
knew1 also1 t books 7 necess>y = !m1 to 
enable !m1 by /udy1 to be capable to    
in/ruct _! neighbors1 accord+ z _!      
vocation requir$1 = he himself read !   
,scriptures4 ,b he did n approve t any  
"o %\ld h a book = 8 own peculi> use4   

,all /udy :i* is ent]$ ^u m ?r\gh vanity
 ?an piety1 & less to ga9 s\ls to ,god  
?an to ga9 = oneself ! praise ( man1 0 8
 abhorr5ce4--,he said ( ^? ^: desire =  
le>n+ 0 out ( curiosity3 ,9 ! day (     
tribulation1 !y w f9d no?+ 9 _! h&s4 ,x 
w\ld be bett] t !y %\ld labor n[ to     
improve !mselves 9 virtue1 9 ord] to h !
 ,"l on _! side at t "t2 = ! "t w come1 
:5 books w be ?r[n aside z useless4 ,i d
 n *oose t my bre?r5 %all be curi\s 9   
le>n+ & books2 :at ,i wi% is1 t !y be   
well gr\nd$ 9 humility1 simplicity1     
pray]1 & pov]ty1 our mi/ress4 ,x is !   
only sure way = _! salvation1 & = !     
edification ( _! neighbor1 because !y   
are call$ to imitate ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o   
foll[$ & po9t$ out ?is pa?4 ,_m w =sake 
?is pa?1 on pret5ce ( edify+ o!r m5 by  
_! k2 & x w turn out t und]/&+ !        
,scriptures1 by :i* alone !y fanci$     
!mselves fill$ ) light1 devotion1 & !   
love ( ,god1 w be ! cause ( _! rema9+   
cold & empty4 ,?us1 9 consequ5ce ( hav+1
 9 pursuit ( va9 & useless lit]ature1   

lo/ ! "t :i* ought to h be5 giv5 to liv+
 accord+ to ! _s ( ! /ate !y _h embrac$1
 !y w n h x 9 _! p[] to return to _!    
primitive vocation4  ,/4 ,francis look$ 
^u ! m9i/ry ( prea*+ z ! mo/ agreeable  
sacrifice :i* c\ld be (f]$ to ! ,fa!r ( 
,m]cies2 ?is is also ! gr& idea :i* ,/4 
,paul ent]ta9s ( x1 :5 he says3 ,god has
 giv5 me ! grace t ,i %\ld be ! m9i/] ( 
,jesus ,*ri/ among ! ,g5tiles1 sanctify+
 ! ,gospel ( ,god1 t ! oblation ( !     
,g5tiles may be made acceptable1 &      
sanctifi$ by ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,/4         
,*ryso/om concludes f ?is1 t prea*+ is a
 sacrifice2 t ! prea*] is ! prie/2 t an 
att5tive & dev\t audi5ce is ! victim2 t 
! ,^w ( ,god is ! sword :i* immolates1  
spiritually1 & ! grace ( ! ,holy ,gho/ !
 fire :i* consumes4 ,:at exalt$ s5tim5ts
 mu/ n a prea*] ent]ta91 9 ex]cis+ ?is  
sort ( prie/hood2 & ) :at _s ( devotion 
%\ld n ^? att5d :o are ?us holily       
immolat$6  ,! ardor ( 8 love = ,jesus   
,*ri/1 & 8 great zeal = ! salvation (   
s\ls1 made him e/eem all prea*]s v      

v5]able4 ,8 int5tion 01 t "s ( 8 ,ord]  
%\ld be br\ght up to t duty1 & t !y %\ld
 be respect$ by ! o!rs1 because x is !y 
:o in/il life1 :o combat ! inf]nal      
enemy1 & :o enlight5 ! _w4 ,b he desir$ 
t !y %\ld ex]cise _! m9i/ry 9 a _s (    
*>ity1 ev5 m by example1 by pray]s1 &   
te>s1 ?an by eloqu5t disc\rses4  ,i     
desire1 he said1 t ^! m9i/]s ( ! ,^w (  
,god %\ld apply !mselves solely to      
spiritual ex]cises1 & let no?+ turn !m f
 ?is2 =1 z !y are *os5 by ! great ,k+ to
 decl>e ,8 w to ! p1 x is requisite t !y
 %\ld le>n1 9 ! privacy ( pray]1 :at !y 
are to make kn[n 9 _! s]mons2 & t !y    
%\ld be int]iorly w>m$1 9 ord] to make  
use ( language :i* %all k9dle fire 9 !  
he>ts !y address4 ,^? :o make use ( _!  
own lights1 & :o savor ! tru?s !y prea*1
 are v praisewor?y2 b x is a bad        
division :5 all is giv5 to prea*+1 &    
little or no?+ to devotion4 ,z to ^? :o 
sell _! labors = ! oil ( approbation1   
su* p]sons excite my pity4  ,!y are true
 bre?r51 :om ,i call ,knights ( ! ,r\nd 

,table1 :o hide !mselves 9 solit>y      
places1 to h bett] opportunities (      
devot+ !mselves to pray]1 & ^: sanctity1
 well kn[n to ,god1 is sometimes unkn[n 
to m51 or ev5 to _! bre?r54 ,"o day !y w
 be pres5t$ by angels to ! ,"l1 :o w say
 to !m3 ',my belov$ *ildr51 "h are !    
s\ls t h be5 sav$ by y\r pray]s1 by y\r 
te>s1 by y\r good example4 ,receive n[ !
 fruit ( ! labors ( ^? :o only make use 
( _! le>n+ = ?is object4 ,because y h   
be5 fai?ful ov] a few ?+s1 ,i w set y   
ov] _m4' ,!y w ?us ent] into ! joy ( !  
,"l1 load$ ) ! fruit ( _! virtues2 :ile 
! o!rs1 :o h employ$ !mselves 9 /udy+ ! 
way ( salvation1 9 ord] to tea* x1 )\t  
foll[+ x !mselves1 w appe> nak$ &       
empty-h&$ at ! tribunal ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 
hav+ on !m m>ks ( grief & confusion4    
,all t ,/4 ,francis says aga9/ va9      
le>n+1--a le>n+ :i* is o/5tati\s & void 
( devotion1--is f\nd$ on ! beautiful    
words ( our ,savi\r3 ,_m w say to me on 
t day1 ,"l1 ,"l1 h we n prophesi$ 9 ,?y 
"n8 ,& !n ,i w pr(ess unto !m1 ,i nev]  

knew y1 dep>t f me y t "w iniquity2 & on
 ^! ( ,/4 ,paul3 ,if ,i speak ) !       
tongues ( m5 & ( angels1 & h n *>ity1 ,i
 am become z s\nd+ brass1 or a t9kl+    
cymbal4 ,i *a/ise my body1 & br+ x into 
subjection1 le/1 p]haps1 :5 ,i h prea*$ 
to o!rs1 ,i myself %\ld become a        
ca/away4  ,b x may n be conclud$ f ?is t
 ! holy patri>* _h any wi% to prev5t 8  
bre?r5 f /udy+ & becom+ le>n$2 =1 #a/1  
he 0 n unaw>e ( :at ,/4 ,augu/9e tea*es 
on t head4 ,t le>n+ is good 9 itself2 t 
x is a gift ( ,god2 t x is mo/ useful1  
:5 *>ity employs x2 t x s]ves z a guide 
to piety2 & t1 :5 x has ! ,holy         
,scripture = its object1 x p[]fully     
excites to ! love ( ,god4 ,h[ _m le>n$  
m5 !re are 9 :om humility1 simplicity1 &
 all ! o!r virtues1 are comb9$ ) deep   
read+6 #b;d4 ,he positively decl>$1 z   
has be5 report$ ^u ! evid5ce ( ,/4      
,bonav5ture t he 0 well pleas$ t 8      
bre?r5 %\ld /udy2 x 0 8 wi% t s*ools    
%\ld be op5$ 9 8 ,ord]1 & he himself1 z 
has be5 already notic$1 in/itut$ ,/4    

,an?ony ( ,padua lectur] 9 !ology4 #c;d4
 ,he wi%$ to h 8 bre?r5 ,apo/olical m51 
employ$ 9 ! holy m9i/ry = ! salvation ( 
s\ls1 & he _h ins]t$ 9 8 ,rule a *apt]  
:i* solely relates to ! in/ruction (    
prea*]s4 ,he desir$1 9 consequ5ce1 t !  
,fri>s ,m9or %\ld acquire ! le>n+       
requisite = fulfill+ _! functions1 :i*1 
9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( ?+s1 is impossible   
)\t /udy4 ,x 01 c]ta9ly1 8 int5tion1    
adds ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 t 8 bre?r5 %\ld   
apply !mselves to ! /udy ( ! ,holy      
,scriptures1 =1 "o day1 hav+ b "o copy (
 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 he divid$ x into      
leaves1 :i* he di/ribut$ among !m1 t all
 might read & in/ruct !mselves at ! same
 "t4 ,! holy doctor ma9ta9s1 9 ano!r    
place1 t !re are no religi\s :o1 by _!  
position1 are m employ$ 9 prea*+ ?an !  
,fri>s ,m9or2 & he adds1 t1 z ,/4       
,francis requir$ !m to be correct &     
accurate 9 _! disc\rses1 x is cle> t he 
himself obliges !m to /udy1 s9ce1 )\t   
su* application1 x is impossible to be  
accurate4  ,if ! bless$ f\nd] has spok5 

m ( humility & piety ?an ( le>n+ & /udy1
 x is1 9 ! fir/ place1 because he well  
knew t1 naturally1 p]sons are m prone to
 le>n ?an to practise2 &1 secondly1     
because ! virtues :i* purify ! he>t1 are
 gifts m preci\s & necess>y ?an le>n+1  
:i* only enlight5s ! m9d2 &1 9 ! ?ird   
place1 because he knew :at ,/4 ,paul    
says1 t k puffe? up1 t a le>n$ p]son    
easily becomes pr\d & presumptu\s1 if   
*>ity does n keep him 9 humility1 & 9   
mi/ru/ ( himself4 ,f9ally1 let n 8 words
 be miscon/ru$ to give color1 "u pret5ce
 ( piety1 to laz9ess & ignorance4 ,he   
pref]r$1 to va9 & /]ile le>n+1 !        
humility & simplicity ( ! poor bre?r51  
:o sp5t _! "t 9 pray]3 ?is 0 no m ?an   
"r4 ,a ru/ical hol9ess1 ,/4 ,j]ome      
rem>ks1 is m valuable ?an vici\s le>n+ &
 crim9al eloqu5ce4 ,b ! bless$ patri>*  
only spoke ( ! lay-bre?r51 :o 7 n int5d$
 = ! sacr$ m9i/ries1 or ( ^? cl]ics ^:  
tal5ts 7 n equal to be+ employ$ 9 !m1 & 
^: occupations 7 limit$ to pray] &      
labor4 ,9 respect to ! o!rs1 :o1 by     

/udy1 might r5d] !mselves capable ( s]v+
 _! neighbor spiritually1 he c]ta9ly    
w\ld h c5sur$ !m1 _h !y cont9u$ 9       
ignorance1 ev5 "u ! pretext ( pray] &   
manual labor1--he1 :o _h adopt$1 z we h 
se51 ! maxim1 t no?+ is pref]able to !  
salvation ( s\ls4 ,he well knew t all ! 
bre?r5 did n resemble "s among !m :om   
,god _h sup]naturally enlight5$1 & :o1  
)\t any o!r aid ?an t ( pray]1 _h       
suffici5t light to be able to ann\nce ! 
,^w ( ,god4 ,/4 ,j]ome says1 t z a man (
 tal5t mu/ n p]suade himself t hol9ess  
consi/s 9 ! beauty ( 8 composition1 & 9 
! ornam5t ( eloqu5ce1 s also a simple & 
unpoli%$ man mu/ n imag9e t 8 ignorance 
con/itutes him a sa9t4 ,?is is ev5 /ill 
cle>]1 :5 ?is man may n be ignorant4    
,n[1 x is self-evid5t t a ,fri> ,m9or1  
cl]ic1 or prie/1 is oblig$1 9 consci5ce1
 accord+ to ! tal5t he has receiv$ f    
,heav51 to /udy c>efully1 9 ord] to be  
compet5t to fulfil prop]ly ! m9i/ries ( 
prea*+ & ( ! confessional2 s9ce ! _s ( 8
 vocation1 & ( 8 ,ord]1 is to labor = ! 

salvation ( s\ls4 ,b he mu/ always h    
be=e 8 eyes :at 8 bless$ ,fa!r wrote to 
,/4 ,an?ony ( ,padua3 ,i agree t y %\ld 
tea* ! bre?r5 sacr$ !ology1 9 su* mann]1
 h[ev]1 t ! _s ( holy pray] be n        
ext+ui%$1 ei!r 9 y\rself or 9 o!rs1     
accord+ to ! rule ( :i* we h made       
pr(ession4  ,:ile ! holy ,patri>* 0 ill 
at ,si5na1 a religi\s ( ! ,ord] ( !     
,fri>s ,prea*]s1 :o 0 a doctor ( !ology1
 & a truly le>n$ man1 put sev]al v      
difficult que/ions to him3 he answ]$ !m 
s le>n$ly1 & s cle>ly1 t ! doctor 0 q   
surpris$1 & spoke ( ! circum/ance )     
admiration4 ,truly1 said he1 ! !ology ( 
?is holy ,fa!r is an eagle1 :i* so>s to 
a great height2 x is rais$ up1 z if )   
w+s1 by ! purity ( ! he>t1 & by         
contemplation1 :ile our k is z t (      
animals :i* crawl on ! gr\nd4  ,?us1    
accord+ to ,/4 ,a?anasius1 ! great      
,an?ony1 :o 0 illit]ate1 %[$ admirable k
 9 8 controv]sy ) ! h]etical ,arians1 & 
9 8 replies to pagan philosoph]s :o     
/rove to puzzle him4 ,s also1 accord+ to

 ! te/imony ( ,sulpicius ,sev]us1 no "o 
expla9$ ! ,holy ,scriptures m cle>ly ?an
 ! celebrat$ ,bi%op ( ,t\rs1 ,/4 ,m>t91 
:o _h nev] /udi$4  ,ano!r ,fri> ,prea*] 
ask$ ,/4 ,francis h[ he 0 to und]/& ^!  
words ( ! ,savi\r to ! ,prophet         
,ezekiel3 ,if ?\ speake/ n to ! impi\s t
 he may be conv]t$ f 8 wick$ way & live1
 ! same wick$ man %all die 9 8 iniquity2
 b ,i w require 8 blood at ?y h&4 ,!    
humble ,fa!r hav+ at fir/ excus$        
himself6 say+ t he %\ld apply to le>n$  
!ologians to le>n ! s5se ( ! ,holy      
,scriptures2 b1 z ! religi\s urg$ him1  
nev]!less1 to give 8 op9ion1 & express$ 
a great wi% to h x pref]ably to t ( o!rs
 :om he _h consult$1 he gave him ?is    
answ]3 ,i believe ^! words1 if tak5 9 ! 
full ext5t1 to mean1 t ! s]vant ( ,god  
mu/ be by hol9ess1 & ! good odor ( 8    
life1 a tor* :i* burns & enlight5s1 9   
ord] t ! spl5dor ( 8 example may be z a 
voice :i* c5sures ! impi\s2 = ?is is !  
way to w>n & repreh5d !m all3 if he act 
o!rwise1 & sc&alize 8 neighbor1 he w n  

escape ! puni%m5t ( heav54  ,/4 ,francis
 0 n ignorant t ! lit]al & imm$iate s5se
 ( ?is passage is1 t pa/ors1 & all ^? :o
 are 9 au?ority1 are oblig$ to in/ruct1 
w>n1 c5sure1 & correct ^? :o are        
committ$ to _! *>ge2 t !y become guilty 
( ! loss ( s\ls1 if !y are sil5t :5 !y  
ought to speak4 ,he himself1 fai?ful 9 !
 mission he _h receiv$ f ,god & ! ,holy 
,see1 nev] ceas$ f exhort+ 8 bre?r5 to  
sanctify !mselves1 & f urg+ s9n]s to be 
conv]t$2 b he f\nd 9 ! above passage a m
 ext5d$ s5se1 & "o ( great] moral       
influ5ce1 :i* 01 to prea* by example2 & 
he adh]$ to ?is = _m reasons3--#a4      
,because words produce small effect :5  
!y are n back$ by example4 #b4 ,because 
!re are a great] numb] ( sup]iors :o    
in/ruct & c5sure1 ?an ( ^? :o edify by  
example4 #c4 ,because ! numb] ( p]sons  
:o h no "r to in/ruct & reprove1 is !   
great]1 & x is good t !y %\ld "k t ,god 
w call !m to acc\nt = ! good example :i*
 x 0 _! duty to h giv51 :i* might h     
contribut$ to ! conv]sion ( s9n]s4 ,all 

?is %[s h[ solid & prop] ! ,sa9t's reply
 04  ,8 /yle is pla91 because he =m$ x  
on ! ,gospel1 f :i* he w\ld n 9 any     
degree deviate--besides t1 8 0 n ! age (
 elegant ,lat9ity2 b 9 all t he has     
writt5 we d n f9d any?+ t is n cle> &   
intelligible--!re are ev5 passages      
ins9uat+ & p]suasive3 we h also reason  
to admire "s p>ts :i* are beautiful f _!
 simplicity4 ,let ! clev]e/ m5 read 8   
description ( ! ri* s9n] on 8 dea?-b$1 &
 he w be oblig$ to admit t x w\ld be    
impossible to draw a m natural or m     
/rik+ portrait4  ,he _h s completely !  
tal5t ( p]suasion1 t nei!r popes1       
c>d9als1 nobles1 nor any o!r p]sons c\ld
 resi/ 8 appeals2 :atsoev] he wi%$1 !y  
compli$ )4 ,x is n easy1 = ! sake (     
piety1 to p]suade to t :i* is contr>y to
 ! int]e/s ( a family3 nev]!less1 ,/4   
,francis succe$$ 9 ?is4 ,! foll[+ is an 
example1 :i*1 relat+ only to a v common 
subject1 we1 not)/&+1 select1 because x 
conta9s :olesome in/ruction3--  ,! ,sa9t
 0 "o day sweep+ 9 a c\ntry *ur*1       

accord+ to 8 usual practice1 :5 a man1  
^: "n 0 ,john1 & :o 0 pl\gh+ 9 an adjo9+
 field1 came & took ! broom f 8 h&s1 &  
aft] hav+ swept ! :ole *ur*1 he said to 
him3 ,bro!r1 :at ,i h he>d ( y & ( y\r  
bre?r51 has inspir$ me ) an idea ( s]v+ 
,god z y d4 ,i did n "k h[ to come to y1
 b1 s9ce x has pleas$ ,god t ,i %\ld f9d
 y "h z ,i _h wi%$1 ,i (f] myself to y3 
d ) me z y please4 ,francis1 kn[+ by an 
int]ior light1 t ?is man _h be5 s5t him 
by ! ,"l1 resolv$ to receive him into 8 
,ord]1 & aft] hav+ in/ruct$ him 9 !     
,rule1 he said to him3 ,if y resolve ^u 
jo9+ ?is ,in/itute1 y mu/ r5\nce all y  
h1 & give x to ! poor4 ,john w5t        
imm$iately to 8 pl\gh1 unyok$ ! ox51 &  
br\ght "o to ,francis1 say+3 ,i h be5   
long 9 ! s]vice ( my fa!r1 & ,i ma9ta9 !
 family by my labor2 ,i ?9k ,i may take 
?is ox = my rew>d1 & d ) x z y %all     
direct me4 ,he imm$iately w5t home to   
take leave ( 8 p>5ts1 & desir$ !m to    
take c>e ( ! pl\gh4  ,! p>5ts1 al>m$ :5 
!y le>nt 8 int5tion1 ran 9 despair to ! 

*ur*1 :]e ,francis /ill 01 & conjur$ him
 n to take a man f !m :o 0 s useful 9   
"w1 :o e>n$ _! means ( liv+4 ,he repli$ 
) mildness1 & !n said t he w\ld come to 
d9e ) !m1 & sleep at _! h\se1 & w\ld    
endeavor to console !m4 ,he w5t1 & aft] 
d9n]1 address+ himself to ,john's fa!r1 
he said3 ,my de> ho/1 y\r son wi%es to  
s]ve ,god1 & x is ,god :o has inspir$   
him ) ?is ?\ght4 ,?is ought n to give y 
any displeasure2 on ! contr>y1 x ought  
to be gratify+ to y1 & y %\ld give ,god 
?anks t ,he has be5 pleas$ to select "o 
( y\r family = ,8 s]vice4 ,?is w be no  
small ga9 to y2 =1 9 place ( ?is son :om
 y give up1 y w ga9 z _m *ildr5 & bre?r5
 z !re are religi\s 9 ! ,ord] he is ab\t
 to jo94 ,moreov]1 y\r son is "o (      
,god's creatures2 & if ,god has de/9$   
him = ,himself1 :o %all d>e to resi/ ,8 
w8 ,:o %all say to ,him1 ',:y do/ ,?\ d 
?us8' ,he is all-p[]ful1 & ,he is also  
j4 ,he only asks = :at belongs to ,him4 
,may ,8 w !re=e be done1 & may ,8 m]cy  
be ext5d$ to y\r son1 :om ,i _c & ought 

n to refuse to receive into ! h\se (    
,god1 :i* he s anxi\sly wi%es me to d4  
,all t ,i c1 & w d = y1 is1 to in=m him 
to leave y ! ox he _h de/9$ = ! poor1   
accord+ to ! ,gospel1 & t1 ab&on+ to !  
_w :at belongs to ! _w1 he come /ripp$ (
 ev]y?+1 to ?r[ himself into ! arms (   
,jesus ,*ri/4  ,?is reason+ 0 s conv9c+ 
to ! p>5ts1 t !y ass5t$ will+ly &       
*e]fully to _! son's leav+ !m1 :om be=e 
!y ?\ght !y c\ld n "p )4 ,human prud5ce 
w n fail to say t he ought to h rema9$ )
 8 p>5ts1 to provide = _! subsi/5ce by 8
 labor2 b w x say t ,james & ,john1 be+ 
call$ by ,jesus ,*ri/1 ought n to h left
 ,zeb$ee1 _! fa!r1 :o 0 poor1 & :om !y  
ma9ta9$ by _! fi%+8 ,our ,"l1 9 call+   
!m1 desir$ t !y %\ld obey ,8 voice1 &   
leave to ,provid5ce to provide = !      
subsi/5ce ( _! fa!r4 ,/4 ,francis well  
knew t1 "u any o!r circum/ances1 ?is    
labor] w\ld h be5 b\nd to "w to provide 
= 8 p>5ts2 b1 z he knew t 8 call 0 f    
,god to a religi\s /ate ( life1 he      
wisely judg$ t ! ,"l w\ld assi/ ! family

 by "s o!r means1 & t ! vocation ought  
to be foll[$4  ,! sup]natural &         
miracul\s gifts :i* ,/4 ,francis _h     
receiv$ f ,god1 gave great weight to 8  
disc\rses4 ,a man1 :o ca/s out devils1  
:o raises ! dead to life1 :o cures !    
sick1 ^: prophecies are v]ifi$1 :o      
discov]s spirits1 :o comm&s animals1 &  
makes !m obey him1--a man :o p]=ms ^!   
prodigies1 & _m o!rs1 is li/5$ to z if  
he 7 an angel1 :5 he speaks4  ,! poli% (
 language :i* ,/4 ,francis neglect$1 0  
wond]fully comp5sat$ by ,div9e ,p[]4 ,/4
 ,bonav5tura says t ! ,holy ,gho/1 f :om
 he _h receiv$ 8 unction & 8 mission1   
inspir$ him ) abundance ( words to prea*
 ,8 holy doctr9e1 & cont9ually assi/$   
him2 & t ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o is ! /r5g? ( !
 ,fa!r1 came inv>iably to 8 aid2 t1     
inde$1 he _h rec\rse to ! ornam5ts (    
human eloqu5ce1 9 8 disc\rses1 b t      
inspiration 0 v p]ceptible2 t 8 prea*+ 0
 a great fire1 :i* p5etrat$ q to !      
bottom ( he>ts1 ) s mu* efficacy1 t !   
mo/ obdurate 7 s(t5$1 & _h rec\rse to   

p5ance4 ,m5 & wom51 "y & old1 nobles &  
plebeians1 flock$ 9 cr[ds to see & he>  
?is extraord9>y man1 :om ,god _h s5t !m4
 ,he seem$ to !m1 9 fact1 to be a man f 
! o!r _w1 :5 !y saw him1 ) 8 eyes       
elevat$ to heav51 ) ! view ( draw+ !m   
?i!r2 &1 z soon z he spoke1 !y felt _!  
he>ts mov$ to compunction4 ,all t he    
said aga9/ ! public sc&als1 0 receiv$ ) 
respect2 ^? ^: crimes he c5sur$1 :atev] 
confusion !y might feel f x1 did n d>e  
compla9--n ev5 ^? 9 ! highe/ /ation4 ,"s
 ( ! le>n$ 7 likewise notic$ among/ 8   
auditory1 & !y1 m ?an any o!rs1 admir$ !
 p[]ful influ5ce ( 8 disc\rses1 kn[+ him
 to be a man :o _h n gone ?r\gh any     
c\rse ( /udy4 ,9 %ort1 ! public 0 s *>m$
 by he>+ him1 t1 aft] prea*+ "o day at  
,cortona1 & wi%+ to return to ! conv5t (
 ,celles1 ! gu>ds at ! gates ( ! t[n    
w\ld n let him pass4 ,aft] hav+ prea*$ =
 ?ree successive days !re he only got   
leave to g1 aft] ! /ronge/ entreaties1 &
 aft] hav+ promis$ to leave ,bro!r ,guy 
!re1 ^: sanctity he assur$ !m w\ld free 

,cortona f _m evils4 ,god puni%$1 9 a   
mo/ frightful mann]1 an insol5t "y girl1
 :o 0 mak+ a noise ) a sort ( drum dur+ 
! ,sa9t's s]mon2 he call$ ^u h] ?ree    
times to be quiet1 b %e laugh$ at him1 &
 he 0 !n inspir$ to say1 9 a l\d voice1 
,devil1 take :at is ?y own4 ,at ! same  
mom5t ! girl 0 rais$ up into ! air1 & %e
 0 se5 no m4 ,by ?is dreadful example1  
,god propos$ to tea* !m ! respect !y 7  
b\nd to h = ! in/ructions :i* ,8 s]vants
 tea* !m1 z once ,he taught ! fai?ful n 
to lie to ! ,holy ,gho/1 by ! dea?s (   
,ananias & ,sapphira1 :i* foll[$ !      
reproa* :i* ,/4 ,pet] _h made !m4  ,/4  
,bonav5ture assures u t ! gift (        
prophecy appe>$ 9 our ,sa9t ) great     
spl5dor2 t n only did he =etell ?+s to  
come1 b also spoke ( ^? ?+s :i* 7 happ5+
 9 8 abs5ce1 z if !y 7 pres5t be=e 8    
eyes2 t he p5etrat$ to ! bottom ( he>ts1
 & saw ! mo/ secret recesses (          
consci5ces1 s t x might h be5 said t he 
inspect$ ! mirror ( et]nal light1 & t   
its admirable spl5dor uncov]$ to him :at

 0 mo/ hidd54  ,god reveal$ to him1 9   
pray]1 ! loss ( "o ( ! religi\s1 :o _h !
 reputation ( be+ a sa9t1 b :o 0 s      
peculi> 9 ev]y?+1 t1 9 ord] ! m rigidly 
to keep sil5ce1 he usually confess$ by  
signs4 ,! bless$ ,fa!r hav+ come to !   
conv5t 9 :i* ?is religi\s 01 he saw him1
 & spoke ( him to ! o!rs1 :o 7 l\d 9 _! 
praises ( him4 ,bre?r51 said he1 cease  
all ^! praises1 & give !m n to inv5tions
 ( ! devil2 "k t all ?is is b a         
temptation1 & an extraord9>y illusion4  
,! bre?r5 c\ld n p]suade !mselves t s _m
 m>ks ( p]fection 7 b cov]s to impo/ure2
 b1 a few days aft]1 ?is pret5d$ sa9t   
left ! ,ord]1 :i* prov$ t ,/4 ,francis  
_h prob$ to ! bottom ( 8 s\l4  ,he knew1
 9 ! same mann]1 :y ano!r1 :o seem$ to  
be adorn$ ) e virtue1 _h ?r[n (f ! habit
 ( ! ,ord]2 & he repli$ to 8 bre?r5 :o  
express$ _! surprise at x3 ,d n be      
a/oni%$1 my bre?r52 ?is wret* is lo/1   
because he 0 n gr\nd$ 9 humility1 & 9 ! 
fe> ( ,god4 ,believe me t1 )\t ?is      
f\ndation1 x is fruitless to endeavor to

 become virtu\s4  ,( two religi\s :o 7  
return+ f ! ,t]ra di ,lavoro1 he saw 9  
_s t ! s5ior did n by any means edify 8 
companion4 ,on _! arrival1 he ask$ !    
y\ng] :at _h occurr$ on ! road1 :o !n   
repli$1 t all _h gone on well4 ,take    
c>e1 answ]$ ,francis1 take c>e1 & don't 
say :at is false1 on pret5ce ( humility4
 ,i "k1 ,i "k2 b wait a little1 & y w   
see4 ,9 fact1 ! giv] ( sc&al ab&on$ 8   
vocation %ortly aft]4  ,! *>itable fa!r 
receiv$1 ) great k9dness1 "o ( ! bre?r5 
:o _h apo/atiz$ f ! ,ord]1 & n[ return$1
 he ev5 gave him ! kiss ( peace4 ,b1    
po9t+ out to him ! gall[s erect$ ^u a   
height1 at "s di/ance1 he said3 ,if !   
devil induce y to leave ! ,ord] a second
 "t1 he w lead y to be hang$ on ! gall[s
 :i* y see f h5ce4 ,?is weak p5it5t did 
n pr(it f ?is w>n+1 b left ! ,ord] aga91
 & l$ a lib]t9e life1 0 tak5 up = a     
robb]y1 & hang$ on ! spot po9t$ out4 ,/4
 ,francis might h said ( ^?1 z ,/4 ,john
 did ( ! apo/ates :o left ! ,*ur*1 ,!y  
w5t out f u1 b !y 7 n ( u2 =1 if !y _h  

be5 ( u1 !y w\ld no d\bt h rema9$ ) u3 t
 is to say1 t !y 7 n firm 9 ! ,*ri/ian  
religion4  ,! k ( ! human he>t belongs  
to ,god alone2 ev5 ! angels h x n unless
 imp>t$ to !m by ,8 light1 & ,he 0      
pleas$ to communicate t light to        
,francis4 ,we h _h sev]al in/ances (    
?is1 b we mu/ add ! foll[+3 ,! bless$   
,fa!r1 be+ at ! h]mitage ( ,grecio1 two 
( 8 bre?r5 came1 f a great di/ance (f1  
urg$ by a /rong desire to see him1 & to 
receive 8 bless+1 :i* !y _h long be5    
desir\s (4 ,un=tunately1 !y rea*$ !     
h]mitage :5 he 0 retir$ to 8 cell1 f :i*
 he did n come out to receive visits1 & 
!y c\ld n see him4 ,z !y 7 go+ away1    
greatly disappo9t$1 he came out1 contr>y
 to 8 usual cu/om1 call$ !m1 & bless$ !m
 9 ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & made ! sign ( 
! cross ^u _! =eheads1 z !y _h wi%$4    
,humanly speak+1 he c\ld n h kn[n t !y 7
 come1 b he knew x 9 _s1 z well z if he 
_h se5 !m4  ,hav+ re/or$ peace1 & p]=m$ 
"s spl5did miracles 9 a t[n1 he left !  
place e>ly 9 ! morn+1 )\t hav+ tak5     

leave ( ! bi%op1 :o _h giv5 him a mo/   
honorable reception4 ,at a spot :]e ?ree
 roads div]g$1 he did n "k :i* "o he    
ought to take1 & desir$ ,bro!r ,masse1  
:o 0 8 companion1 to turn r\nd & r\nd1  
no d\bt to put 8 ob$i5ce to ! te/4 ,:5  
he began to be giddy1 he ord]$ him to   
/op1 & to foll[ ! road :i* 0 be=e him4  
,masse w5t fir/1 & said to himself1 ,h[ 
uncivil6 h[ simple6 ,he n only has n    
tak5 leave ( ! bi%op :o receiv$ him ) s 
mu* k9dness1 b he makes me turn r\nd &  
r\nd z a *ild4 ,?is int]ior murmur+ did 
n la/2 ^! reflections foll[$3 ,h[ c\ld  
,i h s mu* pride z to despise a man :o  
is s evid5tly belov$ by ,god8 ,fool t ,i
 am1 ,i des]ve to g to hell = d>+ to    
c5sure ! actions ( ,francis1 ?r\gh :om !
 ,"l works su* wond]s1 & :om ,i ought to
 look ^u z an angel4 ,&1 aft] all1 :at  
reason has he giv5 me = c5sur+ him8 ,he 
left ! t[n )\t hav+ tak5 leave ( !      
bi%op1 b x 0 to avoid fre% honors be+   
%[n him2 he made me turn r\nd & r\nd1 b 
he made me take ! "r road4 ,!n ,francis 

exclaim$3 ,ah1 ,bro!r ,masse1 h[ diff]5t
 are ^! feel+s f ^? fir/ ent]ta9$6 ,f   
:5ce d ^! come1 & f :5ce did ^? o!rs    
arise8 ,masse1 see+ t 8 ?\ghts 7        
discov]$1 ?rew himself at ! ,sa9t's     
feet1 & solicit$ 8 p>don4  ,a p>ticul>  
gift :i* ,francis receiv$ f ,god1 0 !   
control ( animals4 ,he gave !m 8 comm&s1
 & !y obey$ him1 !y did :atev] he       
pleas$2 x 01 moreov]1 notic$ t !y %[$ a 
sort ( affection = him1 & applaud$ :at  
he did 9 _! way4 ,^u :i* two obs]vations
 occur4 ,! fir/ is tak5 f ,/4           
,bonav5ture1 :o says t ! /ate ( innoc5ce
 0 repres5t$ 9 ! p[] :i* ,god gave to ,8
 ,s]vant ov] animals4 ,adam1 j &        
innoc5t1 _h absolute control ov] !m1 &  
he ex]cis$ x 9 giv+ to ea* ( !m its     
prop] "n1 :5 ,god made !m pass be=e him1
 z we read 9 ,g5esis4 ,8 s9 caus$ him to
 lose 8 privilege1 ) all ! o!rs :i* _h  
be5 atta*$ to ?is happy /ate2 & we      
exp]i5ce1 z he did1 ! revolt ( !        
animals1 9 puni%m5t ( 8 hav+ disobey$   
,god4 ,b :5 an em95t sanctity has br\ght

 m5 m to orig9al ju/ice1 & has1 9 "s    
measure1 ree/abli%$ !m 9 a /ate (       
innoc5ce1 x has sometimes pleas$ !      
,almighty to re/ore !m to "s ( !        
privileges :i* man enjoy$ 9 ^? times1 &1
 9 p>ticul>1 ?is control ov] animals4   
,?is is :at is se5 9 well-au!nticat$    
acts ( _m sa9ts1 &1 9 :at ,/ ,bonav5ture
 relates ( ,/4 ,francis1 on ! te/imony (
 ocul> witnesses1 z well z on ! evid5ce 
( facts :i* 7 ( public notoriety4  ,!   
second ?+ :i* des]ves notice is1 t1 :5  
?is holy man compell$ animals to obey   
him1 & :5 !y appe>$ to be atta*$ to him1
 x nev] occurr$ b :5 x 0 to give        
au?ority to ! ,^w ( ,god1 to d "s good  
to a neighbor1 to give a salut>y lesson1
 or to excite to ! practice ( "s virtue1
 z we %all n[ see4 ,x is ano!r pro( t ^!
 m>vels _h _! s\rce 9 ,god1 :o proposes1
 9 all ,he does1 "s end wor?y ( ,8      
wisdom4  ,francis left ,assisi "o day1  
to g to prea*1 n hav+ any long] a d\bt b
 t he & 8 bre?r5 7 call$ = ! s]vice (   
s\ls1 aft] ! mission !y _h receiv$ f    

,god1 & f ! ,supreme ,pontiff2 ?is 0    
confirm$ by sup]natural lights1 z we h  
se5 above4 ,be+ ne> to ! ,t[n (         
,bevagna1 he saw on a p>ticul> spot a   
numb] ( birds collect$1 ( v>i\s species1
 & he w5t up to !m1 & said3 ,my si/]s1  
li/5 to ! ^w ( ,god2 y h great reason to
 praise y\r ,creator2 ,he has cov]$ y ) 
fea!rs2 ,he has giv5 y w+s :]e) to fly2 
,he has plac$ y 9 ! air1 :]e ! brea?+ is
 s pure2 & ,he provid] y ) ev]y?+ :i* is
 necess>y1 )\t giv+ y any tr\ble4 ,:ile 
he 0 ?us speak+ & say+ o!r simil> ?+s1 !
 birds rema9$ :]e !y 71 turn+ t[>ds him1
 & ^? :i* 7 p]*$ on ! bran*es ( trees1  
b5d+ _! heads1 z if to li/5 to :at he   
said4 ,x 0 a curi\s ?+ to obs]ve ! joy  
!y appe>$ to feel & make kn[n by _!     
motions2 !y /ret*$ _! necks1 !y spread  
_! w+s1 op5$ _! beaks1 & look$ anxi\sly 
at ! zeal\s prea*]1 :o walk$ ab\t 9 !   
mid/ ( !m1 & sometimes t\*$ !m ) 8      
habit1 )\t any ( !m /irr+4 ,!y only took
 to flight aft] he _h giv5 !m leave1 &  
made on !m ! sign ( ! cross1 to bless   

!m4  ,x 0 ,god's int5tion to honor !    
m9i/ry ( ! ,sa9t1 9 ! eyes ( 8          
companions1 by ?is miracle1 :i* !y      
witness$1 & ! circum/ances ( :i* !y     
communicat$ to ,/4 ,bonav5ture4 ,x 0    
also to %[ ! att5tion :i* ought to be   
giv5 to ! tru?s ( salvation2 & ?is is ! 
reason :y ,francis1 9 turn+ to !m1 said1
 ) admirable c&or3 ,i am v neglectful 9 
n hav+ z yet prea*$ to ! birds4 ,he     
obs]v$1 by ?is app>5t simplicity1 :i* 0 
full ( good s5se1 t m5 (t5 fail to li/5 
to ! prea*]s1 z ! birds _h seem+ly li/5$
 to him2 9 ! same s5se 9 :i* ,/4 ,m>t9  
_h said1 :5 compla9+ ( ! ins5sibility ( 
! m5 ( 8 times3 ,!y d n att5d to me1    
?\gh ! s]p5ts obey me4 ,?is means t1 ) !
 aid ( reason & grace1 !y w n d :at     
unreasonable animals necess>ily d1 by ! 
impulse ( div9e p[]4  ,b :y prea* to    
birds8 w ! sages ( ?is age ask2 b :y did
 ,david say :at ! ,*ur* repeats daily 9 
h] ,div9e ,(fice8 ,:ales1 & all t move 9
 ! wat]s1 bless ! ,"l4 ,all ye bea/s &  
cattle1 f[ls ( ! air1 bless ! ,"l4 ,!   

?ree "y m5 :o 7 9 ! furnace at ,babylon1
 said ! same ?+4 ,a he>t full ( love &  
gratitude w\ld wi% t all creatures %\ld 
h he>ts & tongues1 to glorify ! ,au?or (
 _! be+2 he kn[s t ev5 ! bea/s praise   
,him by ! m>ks !y be> ( ,8 p[]1 wisdom1 
& goodness2 9 see+ !m1 9 speak+ to !m1  
he commemorates ,8 sov]eign greatness4  
,on leav+ ,bevagna1 ,francis w5t to     
prea* 9 ! ,bor\gh ( ,alviano1 & n be+   
able to make himself he>d1 9 consequ5ce 
( ! noise ! swall[s made1 :o _h _! ne/s 
!re1 he spoke ^! words to !m3 ,swall[s1 
my si/]s1 y h made y\rselves he>d long  
en\gh2 x is n[ my turn to speak4 ,li/51 
!n1 to ! ,^w ( ,god1 & keep sil5ce :ile 
,i prea*4 ,imm$iately1 z if !y _h       
und]/ood :at he said1 !y ceas$ _! noise1
 & rema9$ :]e !y 71 to ! end ( 8 s]mon4 
,! fruit ( ?is miracle 0 to revive !    
f]vor & piety ( ! assembly1 :o glorifi$ 
,god1 & li/5$ to ! prea*] ) wond]ful    
def]5ce4 ,! circum/ance 0 soon spread1 &
 produc$ ev]y:]e a simil> effect4  ,/4  
,bonav5ture1 :o gives u ?is anecdote1   

adds1 t1 "s "t aft]w>ds1 a s*ol> at     
,p>is1 :o 0 ( good conduct1 hav+ be5    
int]rupt$ 9 8 /udies by ! *irp+ ( a     
swall[1 said to 8 companions3 ,?is is "o
 ( ^? :o int]rupt$ ! bless$ ,francis 9 8
 s]mon1 & :i* he sil5c$2 hav+ !n        
address$ ! swall[1 he said1 ) great     
fai?3 ,9 ! "n ( ,francis1 ! s]vant (    
,god1 ,i ord] y to be sil5t & to come to
 me4 ,x 0 in/antly sil5t1 & came to him2
 9 8 surprise he let x g1 & 0 n aga9    
tr\bl$ by x4 ,x 0 ?us x pleas$ ,god to  
honor ! "n ( ,8 s]vant4  ,o!r examples  
are f\nd 9 ! ,sa9t's life1 ( ! p[] he   
ex]cis$ ov] animals1 :51 by _! noise1 or
 by any o!r means1 !y int]rupt$ 8 s]mons
 or pray]s1 z on 8 return f ,syria1 ne> 
! lagunes ( ,v5ice1 :]e he saw a great  
numb] ( birds :o 7 s++4 ,he w5t into !  
mid/ ( !m to say 8 (fice1 ) 8           
companions1 b ! noise ! birds made      
prev5t$ _! he>+ ea* o!r2 ,francis1 ^u t1
 ord]$ !m to cease s++1 till he _h f9i%$
 8 (fice1 &1 9 fact1 says ! holy doctor1
 ! au?or ( 8 life1 f t mom5t !y ceas$ _!

 *irp+ until ! (fice1 be+ f9i%$1 he gave
 !m leave to resume _! song1 :i* !y did1
 z be=e4 ,he took ?is opportunity to    
settle "s ( 8 religi\s !re1 to celebrate
 ! praises ( ! ,"l1 z has be5 be=e      
notic$1 ,/4 ,ambrose speaks ( a         
circum/ance z well kn[n to all ! _w1 t  
"s ( ! fai?ful1 hav+ be5 assembl$ 9 a   
spot :]e ! croak+ ( ! frogs greatly     
di/urb$ !m1 a prie/ comm&$ !m to be     
quiet1 & to %[ respect = holy ?+s1 & t  
!y imm$iately ceas$ f mak+ any noise1 & 
t ^! irrational animals respect$ :at !y 
7 incapable ( und]/&+4  ,we h already   
se5 t :5 ,francis 0 at ,grecio1 he fre$ 
! c\ntry f ! wolves :i* _h ravag$ x4 ,at
 ,gubio1 he tam$ "o 9 an extraord9>y    
mann]4 ,he took x into ! public squ>e   
:]e he prea*$1 & hav+ po9t$ out to 8    
auditors t ,god s5ds sometimes ^!       
c>nivor\s animals to w>n s9n]s to return
 to _! duties1 he address$ ! wolf1 &    
made an agreem5t ) x1 ! clauses ( :i* 71
 t ! inhabitants %\ld fe$ x1 & t ! wolf 
%\ld d no injury to any ( !m4 ,?is 0    

fai?fully att5d$ to on bo? sides4 ,dur+ 
two ye>s ! animal came to ! t[n to fe$1 
& did no injury to any "o4 ,! holy man  
_h tam$1 9 a simil> mann]1 at ,c>9ola1 a
 fox t /ole all ! p\ltry ( a poor old   
woman1 & f :i* %e receiv$ no injury     
aft]w>ds4 ,simil> traits are f\nd 9 !   
lives ( _m sa9ts1 ^: acts are admitt$ to
 be au!ntic & c]ta91 by ! mo/ tal5t$    
critics4 ,/4 ,a?anasius rem>ks1 9 ! life
 ( ,/4 ,an?ony1 t wild animals caus+    
great damage 9 a field :i* he cultivat$1
 he took "o g5tly1 & said to all ! o!rs1
 :ile speak+ to ! "o he _h caught3 ,:y d
 y injure me1 :o nev] did y any h>m8 g1 
& 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l1 nev] come "h any m4 ,!
 holy doctor adds1 t f t "t !y 7 nev]   
aga9 se5 9 t place1 z if !y _h be5      
afraid ( disobey+ him4 ,sulpicius       
,sev]us relates ( ,/4 ,m>t91 t he _h an 
extraord9>y control ov] all animals4    
,re/+ himself "o day ) 8 disciples1 on !
 bank ( a riv]1 he saw a snake swimm+   
ov]1 & he ord]$ x 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l to swim
 back aga91 ^u :i* x 0 se5 to return ) z

 mu* spe$ z x _h come4 ,james1 :o wrote 
! life ( ,/4 ,columban1 giv5 by ! le>n$ 
,fa!r ,mabillon1 aft] ,surius1 /ates t !
 cr[s & ! be>s obey$ him1 & t all !     
bea/s ( ! field came at 8 call1 9 ! same
 mann] z ^? :i* are dome/icat$4 ,x 0 9  
ord] to tea* m5 to e/eem & imitate a    
virtue :i* ! ,"l caus$ to be respect$1  
ev5 by dumb animals4  ,/4 ,francis1 :5  
at ,rome1 9 #abbb1 _h always ) him a    
little lamb1 to rem9d him ( ! ,lamb (   
,god1 :o *ose to be sacrific$ = u4 ,:5  
he 0 ab\t to leave ! et]nal city1 he    
confid$ ! little animal to ! c>e ( !    
,lady ( ,septisal1 ! illu/ri\s wid[ (   
:om we h (t5 _h occasion to speak4 ,!   
little lamb1 z if x _h be5 tra9$ to     
spiritual ex]cises by ! holy man1 foll[$
 ?is lady to *ur*1 /ay$ !re1 & return$ )
 h]1 nev] leav+ h]4 ,if %e 0 beh9d h]   
usual "t ( ris+ 9 a morn+1 x w\ld g to  
h] b$1 :]e1 by bleat+ or /rik+ ! b$ )   
its head1 or o!r motions1 x seem$ to    
call ^u h] to rise1 & (f] h] grateful   
pray] to ,god4 ,! lady 0 mu* atta*$ to  

?is lamb1 & took c>e ( x1 says ,/4      
,bonav5ture1 z a disciple ( ,francis1   
:i* _h become h] in/ructor 9 devotion4  
,a pres5t 0 made to ! holy ,fa!r1 at ,/4
 ,m>y ( ! ,angels1 ( a %eep2 he receiv$ 
x ?ankfully1 because ( ! innoc5ce &     
simplicity ( :i* x 0 a symbol1 & he said
 to x1 z if x c\ld und]/& him1 t x 0    
necess>y x %\ld assi/ at ! praises ( !  
,"l1 )\t incommod+ ! bre?r52 ! %eep     
obey$ ) great punctuality4 ,:5 !        
religi\s w5t to ! *oir1 to s+ ! (fice1 !
 %eep w5t ( itself to ! *ur*1 plac$     
itself at ! foot ( ! alt> ( ! ,bless$   
,virg91 b5t 9 its =e-legs1 & bleat$ 9 a 
l[ tone1 z if to pay its homage4 ,x did 
! same at ,mass1 :5 ! ,ho/ 0 elevat$4   
,/4 ,bonav5ture rem>ks1 t ?is animal1 by
 ! respect x manife/$ dur+ ! celebration
 ( ! ,sacr$ ,my/]ies1 taught ! ,*ri/ians
 ! deep rev]5ce ) :i* !y ought to assi/ 
at ,mass1 & at ! same "t pass$ a des]v$ 
c5sure on ^? :o are irrev]5t or indev\t 
dur+ its celebration4  ,! smalle/ ?+s   
rais$ ! he>t ( ,/4 ,francis to ,god1 &  

he made use ( !m to create simil> feel+s
 9 ! he>ts ( 8 disciples4 ,! *irp+ ( a  
gras%opp]1 :i* 0 on a fig tree1 ne> 8   
cell1 inspir$ him ) fre% f]vor2 he call$
 x1 & x came to him directly1 & he made 
x s+ on 8 h&1 :i* x began anew1 :5ev] he
 requir$ x4 ,at ! end ( eight days he   
said to 8 companions3 ,let x n[ g2 x has
 incit$ u long en\gh to praise ,god2 at 
! v mom5t ! gras%opp] flew away1 & 0 se5
 no m4 ,"o day1 z he 0 ab\t to take 8   
collation ) ,bro!r ,leo1 he felt himself
 int]iorly consol$1 on he>+ a night+ale 
s+4 ,he begg$ ,leo to s+ ! praises (    
,god alt]nately ) ! bird2 ! latt] hav+  
excus$ himself1 alleg+ ! badness ( 8    
voice1 he himself respond$ to ! bird1 & 
cont9u$ to d s till night1 :5 he 0      
oblig$ to give ov]1 ackn[l$g+ t ! little
 bird _h beat5 him4 ,he made x come ^u 8
 h&1 & prais$ x = hav+ sung s well1 f$  
x1 & x 0 only aft] he _h desir$ x to    
leave him1 & giv5 x 8 bless+1 t !       
night+ale flew away4  ,9 ! impression   
:i* ! p[] ( ,god affect$ ^u animals1 9  

favor ( ,/4 ,francis1 !re 0 ?is fur!r   
circum/ance1 :i* 0 m>vell\s3 t !y seem$ 
to h an affection = him1 & appe>$ pleas$
 :5 !y saw him4 ,x is ,/4 ,bonav5ture :o
 gives sev]al examples ( ?is4  ,!       
,s]vant ( ,god1 go+ to ,si5na1 pass$ ne>
 a flock ( %eep :i* 7 fe$+ 9 a mead[4   
,he greet$ !m1 z 0 8 cu/om1 ) an air (  
k9dness1 & imm$iately ! %eep1 ! rams1 & 
! lambs1 left _! pa/ure1 came to him1   
lift$ up _! heads to greet him 9 _!     
mann]1 :i* 0 greatly wond]$ at by !     
%eph]ds & by 8 companions4 ,h>es &      
rabbits 7 pres5t$ to him1 :i* _h be5    
caught alive2 !y 7 put be=e him on !    
gr\nd1 & !y imm$iately sprang into 8    
arms4 ,al?\gh he gave !m _! lib]ty1 !y  
rema9$ ) him1 & he 0 oblig$ to h !m     
remov$ f> (f into ! c\ntry1 by "s ( 8   
religi\s1 & put 9 a place ( safety4  ,on
 ! banks ( ! ,lake ( ,rieti1 a fi%]man  
gave him a live wat]- f[l4 ,aft] hav+   
kept x a little :ile1 he tri$ to make x 
fly away1 b 9 va94 ,he !n rais$ 8 eyes  
to ,heav51 & rema9$ = m ?an an h\r 9 a  

/ate ( ec/asy1 aft] :i* he mildly ord]$ 
! bird to g away & praise ! ,"l1 & he   
gave x 8 bless+4 ,! bird %[$ signs (    
pleasure by its motions1 & flew away4   
,on ! same lake1 a l>ge fi% :i* _h be5 j
 caught1 0 pres5t$ to him2 he held x =  
"s "t 9 8 h&1 & !n put x back 9 ! wat]4 
,! fi% rema9$ 9 ! same place1 play+ 9 ! 
wat] be=e him1 z if out ( reg>d = him2 x
 c\ld n leave him1 & did n disappe> till
 x _h receiv$ ! ,sa9t's leave1 toge!r ) 
8 bless+4  ,! fir/ "t t ,/4 ,francis w5t
 to ,m\nt ,alv]no1 he 0 surr\nd$ by a   
multitude ( birds1 :i* lit ^u 8 head1 on
 8 %\ld]s1 on 8 brea/1 & on 8 h&s1 ev9c+
 by _! beaks & w+s ! pleasure 8 arrival 
caus$ !m1 :i* he notic$ to 8 companions1
 z a m>k ( ! w ( ,god t he %\ld rema9 9 
?is m\nta94 ,:5 he came ?i!r1 & receiv$ 
! /igmata !re1 ! birds greet$ him 9 a   
simil> mann]2 & a hawk1 :i* c\ld only h 
come ?i!r by a sup]natural impulse1     
atta*$ itself peculi>ly to 8 p]son4 ,:5 
! h\r ( ! night drew ne>1 at :i*        
,francis rose to pray1 ! bird did n fail

 to come & make a noise at ! door ( 8   
cell4 ,?is punctuality 0 v pleas+ to !  
,sa9t1 because x caus$ him to be        
wat*ful2 b :5 8 infirmities 7 m sev]e   
?an usual1 ! bird1 well taught by ,him  
:o controll$ its movem5ts1 did n come to
 wake him till sunrise1 & ev5 !n did n  
make s mu* noise z usual4  ,! num]\s    
miracles ( ,/4 ,francis atta*$ m5 to him
 9 a sc>cely less degree ?an 8          
extraord9>y sanctity2 & ! gift he       
possess$ ( unb\nd$ love--call$ = _!     
admiration4 ,?is is ! portrait we f9d ( 
him 9 ! leg5d we h be=e allud$ to3 ,our 
bless$ ,fa!r 0 agreeable to all4 ,joy1  
s]5ity1 k9dness1 & mode/y1 7 p]ceptible 
9 8 c\nt5ance4 ,he 0 naturally mild &   
affable1 compassionate1 lib]al1 prud5t1 
discreet1 gave s\nd advice1 0 fai?ful to
 8 ^w1 & full ( c\rage2 he 0 easy 9 8   
mann]s1 accommodat+ himself to all sorts
 ( temp]s2 he 0 all to all1 he 0 a sa9t 
among ! sa9tly1 & among s9n]s1 z if he 0
 "o ( !m2 8 conv]sation 0 graceful1 & 8 
mann] ins9uat+2 cle> 9 8 reason+1       

en]getic & compliant 9 matt]s ( bus9ess2
 &1 f9ally1 simple 9 8 actions & words4 
,^! are qualifications well calculat$ to
 make _! possessor belov$1 p>ticul>ly :5
 jo9$1 z 9 ! case ( ,/4 ,francis1 ) !   
pure/ morals1 ) ! mo/ ard5t *>ity1 ! mo/
 pr(\nd humility1 & a c\nt5ance :i*     
seem$ angelical4 ,aft] ! portrait ( 8   
m9d1 we f9d 9 ! same n>rative ! foll[+  
description ( 8 p]son3 ,he 0 ( middle   
size1 nei!r %ort nor tall1 b well %ap$4 
,8 face 0 oval1 8 =ehead smoo?1 8 eyes  
black & mode/1 8 m\? pretty2 8 hair 0 ( 
*e/nut color1 8 be>d black1 b scanty1 8 
body v ?91 8 sk9 delicate1 8 spee*      
pleas+ & animat$1 8 voice /rong & pi]c+1
 b altoge!r mild & sonor\s4  ,we mu/    
receive 9 _! true s5se :at 0 und]/ood 9 
say+ t he 0 simple 9 8 actions & words4 
,! t]m simplicity has two significations
 9 ,engli%4--,fir/ly x is us$ to        
describe a p]son ( little m9d1          
n>r[-m9d$1 dull1 n well in=m$1 weak &   
cr$ul\s2 x is also us$ to express c&or1 
+5u\sness1 & uprightness2 to describe a 

p]son :o is natural1 )\t artfulness4 ,x 
is 9 ?is s5se t x is said t ! greate/   
g5iuses are ! mo/ simple2 enemies (     
subtlety & trick1 :i* are only          
appropriate to n>r[ m9ds4 ,! simplicity 
( ! j1 9 ,scriptural language1 is true  
virtue1 solid )\t drawback1 purity (    
he>t1 uprightness ( int5tion2 9         
opposition to e sort ( duplicity or     
disguise--ev]y?+ t ,/4 ,paul calls !    
prud5ce ( ! fle%2 ! wisdom ( ?is _w4 ,/4
 ,gregory s expla9s x4 ,?is does n      
exclude prud5ce1 b only malice & d\ble  
deal+4 ,our ,bless$ ,"l w>ns u to be    
prud5t z s]p5ts1 & simple z doves4 ,/4  
,paul says3 ,i w\ld h y to be wise 9    
good1 & simple 9 evil4 ,e ,*ri/ian mu/  
be simple 9 fai?1 submitt+ himself      
purely & simply to ! decisions ( !      
,*ur*1 )\t any endeavor to elude !m by  
crafty evasions1 z "s d 9 s sc&al\s a   
mann]2 simple 9 ! int]c\rse ( society1  
be+ frank & s9c]e1 do+ injury to no "o2 
simple 9 devotion1 go+ /raight to ,god2 
foll[+ ! way po9t$ out by ! ,gospel2 n  

resembl+ ^? ( :om ! wise man says3 ,!y g
 two ways1 & h two he>ts1 ! "o = ,god1 &
 ! o!r = ! _w4  ,su* 0 ! simplicity (   
,/4 ,francis4 ,he 0 simple because he _h
 no o!r int5tion 9 8 m9d1 no o!r movem5t
 9 8 he>t1 ?an to be con=m$ to ,jesus   
,*ri/4 ,9 ord] to imitate ,8 pov]ty1 ,8 
humility1 ,8 suff]+s1 all ,8 virtues1 he
 did _m ?+s f> above ! ord9>y rules (   
human wisdom2 &1 z to 8 language1 x 0   
=m$ on t ( ! ,gospel4  ,/4 ,francis 0   
simple1 b he _h great qualities ( m9d & 
he>t2 & 8 simplicity 0 a p]fection 9    
him--n a defect4 ,if x induc$ him to d  
?+s ( :i* human prud5ce disapproves1 x 0
 because he 0 guid$ by ,div9e light2 x 0
 because he s\ght to be despis$ by ! _w1
 to r5d] himself m con=mable to ,jesus  
,*ri/4 ,m5 ( 8 age 7 n deceiv$ by x2 !y 
discov]$ ! pr9ciple :i* made him act &  
speak ) su* simplicity4 ,8 con/ant      
endeavor to humble himself1 & draw on   
himself contempt1 only gave !m a great] 
e/eem = 8 p]son1 & !y load$ him )       
honors4 ,if our age deems itself wis]1  

:at reason has x = n do+ simil> ju/ice8 
,may ! t5d] hol9ess ( ,/4 ,francis1 :i* 
we h endeavor$ to portray1 excite all ^?
 :o read 8 life to love ,god1 & to      
manife/ _! love1 n only by _! actions1 b
 by _! pati5ce 9 adv]sities6 ,may !y    
love ,him s1 t ! sweet viol5ce ( _!     
ard5t love sep>ate !m f all t is b5ea? !
 ,heav5s1 & :olly absorb !m1 may !y be  
enabl$ to kneel 9 _s at ! side ( ,/4    
,francis & pray ) him f ! bottom ( _!   
he>t3  ,my ,god & ,my ,all6  ,,! ,,end