,,! ,,developm5t ,,( ,,briti% ,,l&scape ,,pa9t+ ,,9 ,,wat]-,,col\rs ,,edit$ ,,by ,,*>les ,,holme4 ,,text ,,by ,,alex&] ,j4 ,,f9b]g ,e4 ,a4 ,,taylor ,,mcmxviii 8,,! ,,/udio0 ,,ltd4 ,,london ,,p>is ,,new ,,york ,,cont5ts ,,articles ,,page ,,! ,,developm5t ,,( ,,briti% ,,l&scape ,,pa9t+ ,,9 ,,wat]-,,col\rs4 ,,by ,,alex&] ,j4 ,,f9b]g #a 7#a7 ,introductory ,rem>ks on ! ,idea ( ,developm5t z ,appli$ to ,art #a 7#b7 ,! ,be>+ ( ^! ,rem>ks on ! ,hi/ory ( ,briti% ,wat]-,col\r ,pa9t+ #c 7#c7 ,! ,developm5t ( ,subject-,matt] & ,te*nique #d 7#d7 ,"s ,fam\s ,wat]-,col\r ,pa9t]s ( ! ,pa/ #h ,paul ,s&by #i ,alex&] ,coz5s #aj ,john ,rob]t ,coz5s #aa ,?omas ,girt9 #ac ,joseph ,mallord ,william ,turn] #ae ,john ,sell ,cotman #ag ,david ,cox #ai ,samuel ,pr\t #bj ,pet] de ,w9t #ba ,ri*>d ,p>kes ,bon+ton #ba ,myles ,birket ,fo/] #bb ,alfr$ ,william ,hunt #bc ,james ,abbott ,mc,neill ,:i/l] #bd 7#e7 ,! ,"w ( ,to-day #bf ,,! ,,developm5t ,,( ,,briti% ,,l&scape ,,pa9t+ ,,9 ,,wat]-,,col\rs3 ,,scotti% ,,pa9t]s4 ,,by ,e4 ,a4 ,,taylor #bi ,,illu/rations ,,aft] ,,engli% ,,pa9t]s ,,plate ,bir*1 ,s4 ,j4 ,lamorna1 ,r4,w4,s4 8,environs ( ,camborne0 ,v ,cotman1 ,john ,sell1 ,r4,w4,s4 8,kirkham ,abbey0 ,,iii ,coz5s1 ,j4 ,r4 8,lake ,albano & ,ca/el ,g&olfo0 ,i ,fi%]1 ,m>k1 ,a4,r4,a4 8,l&scape0 ,,vi ,g]e1 ,*>les ,m4 8,! ,r\nd ,h\se0 ,,vii ,girt91 ,?omas4 8,! ,valley ( ! ,aire0 ,,ii ,goodw91 ,alb]t1 ,r4,w4,s4 8,l9coln0 ,,viii ,holmes1 ,c4 ,j4 8,ne> ,aisgill0 ,,ix ,little1 ,rob]t1 ,r4,w4,s41 ,r4,s4,w4 8,tidal ,bas91 ,montrose0 ,x ,ri*1 ,alfr$ ,w4 8,swal$ale0 ,,xi ,smy!1 ,lionel1 ,r4,a41 ,r4,w4,s4 8,caught 9 ! ,froz5 ,palms ( ,spr+0 ,,xii ,turn]1 ,j4 ,m4 ,w41 ,r4,a4 8,launce/on0 ,,iv ,walk]1 ,w4 ,eyre1 ,r4,w4,s4 8,a ,pool 9 ! ,woods0 ,,xiii ,wat]l[1 ,sir ,e4 ,a41 ,r4,a41 ,r4,w4,s41 ,h4,r4,s4,w4 8,9 ,cr[hur/ ,p>k1 ,sussex0 ,,xiv ,,aft] ,,scotti% ,,pa9t]s ,allan1 ,rob]t ,w4 ,allan1 ,r4,w4,s41 ,r4,s4,w4 8,! ,maple 9 ,autumn0 ,,xv ,br[n1 ,a4 ,k41 ,r4,s4,a41 ,r4,s4,w4 8,b5 ,m0 ,,xvi ,cad5head1 ,james1 ,a4,r4,s4,a41 ,r4,s4,w4 8,a ,moorl&0 ,,xvii ,cam]on1 ,d4 ,y41 ,a4,r4,a41 ,r4,s4,a41 ,r4,w4,s41 ,r4,s4,w4 8,autumn 9 ,/ra? ,tay0 ,,xviii ,fl9t1 ,w4 ,russell1 ,r4,w4,s41 ,r4,s4,w4 8,autumn ,ev5+1 ,rydal ,wat]0 ,,xix ,h\/on1 ,george1 ,a4,r4,s4,a41 ,r4,s4,w4 8,iona0 ,,xx ,pat]son1 ,james1 ,r4,s4,a41 ,r4,w4,s41 ,r4,s4,w4 8,fr5*l& to ,que5sb]ry1 ,m(fat ,dale0 ,,xxi ,smi?1 ,d4 ,murray1 ,a4,r4,w4,s4 8,on ! ,way to ! ,s\? ,d[ns0 ,,xxii ,taylor1 ,e4 ,a4 8,a ,bit ( ,high ,corrie0 ,,xxiii ,walton1 ,e4 ,a41 ,r4,s4,a41 ,p4,r4,s4,w4 8,suffolk ,pa/ures0 ,,xxiv ,,prefatory ,,note ,! ,editor desires to ackn[l$ge 8 indebt$ness to ! arti/s & own]s :o h k9dly l5t _! draw+s = reproduction 9 ?is volume ,,! ,,developm5t ,,( ,,briti% ,,l&scape ,,pa9t+ ,,9 ,,wat]-,,col\rs4 ,,by ,,alex&] ,j4 ,,f9b]g 7#a7 ,,introductory ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,! ,,idea ,,( ,,developm5t ,,z ,,appli$ ,,to ,,art ,! idea ( developm5t has play$1 = consid]ably m ?an half a c5tury1 & /ill plays1 a l>ge "p 9 all discussions ab\t art4 ,& x is obvi\s t x is a v useful & at ! same "t a v dang]\s idea2 useful1 because ) its aid y c prove any?+ y h a m9d to1 & dang]\s1 because x conceals all sorts ( lat5t sugge/ions1 vague presuppositions1 & lurk+ misconceptions1 & ?us misleads & beguiles ! unw>y4 ,! mo/ insidi\s & dang]\s ( ^! sugge/ions is its connexion ) ! ideas ( progress or advance4 ,! diction>ies1 inde$1 give 8progress0 z "o ( ! synonyms ( 8developm5t10 & among/ ! synonyms ( 8progress0 ,i f9d 8advance10 8atta9m5t10 8gr[?10 8improvem5t10 & 8pr(ici5cy40 ,s t z soon z we beg9 to connect ! idea ( developm5t ) ! hi/ory ( art we f9d ourselves committ$1 be=e we q realize :at we are do+1 to ! view t ! late/ productions ( art are necess>ily ! be/4 ,if art develops1 x necess>ily gr[s1 improves1 & advances1 & ! hi/ory ( art becomes a record ( ! /eps by :i* primitive "w has pass$ into ! fully develop$ art ( ! pres5t2 ! late/ productions be+ evid5tly ! mo/ valuable1 because !y sum up 9 _! triumphant complexity all ! t5tative v>iations & advances ( :i* "t & exp]i5ce h approv$4 ,/at$ ?us baldly ! idea z appli$ to art seems p]haps too obvi\sly at v>iance ) our ta/es1 exp]i5ce1 & in/9ctive /&>ds ( arti/ic values to be wor? a mom5t's consid]ation4 ,yet we are all too well aw>e t ?is is ! l9e ( argum5t by :i* e freak1 e ecc5tric1 insane or immoral manife/ation ( arti/ic p]v]sity & incompet5ce :i* has appe>$ 9 ,europe )9 ! la/ ?irty or =ty ye>s has be5 comm5d$ & ju/ifi$4 ,c]ta9ly 9 ,engl& e writ] on art :o calls himself 8advanc$0 is an evolutioni/ ( ?is crude & uncritical type4 ,at "o "t x 0 ,czanne & ,van ,gogh :o 7 suppos$ to h summ$ up 9 _! triumphant complexity ! less develop$ ef=ts ( ,titian1 ,rembr&t1 ,watteau1 & ,turn]1 & at ! pres5t mom5t ,czanne & ,van ,gogh are be+ sup]s$$ by ,mr4 ,rog] ,fry & 8 "y lions ( 8,! ,new ,movem5t40 ,! wor/ ( x is t ! idea ( developm5t1 ( evolution1 is a p]fectly s\nd & useful "o 9 c]ta9 sph]es ( activity4 ,9 sci5ce1 = in/ance1 ! idea works & is helpful4 ,! successive modifications & improvem5ts by :i* ! late/ type ( /eam-eng9e has be5 evolv$ f ,/ev5son's 8,puff+ ,billy10 or ! late/ type ( air-%ip f ! ,montgolfi] balloon1 =m a s]ies ( /eps :i* are relat$ & connect$ ) ea* o!r1 & !y are s intimately connect$ t ! late/ /ep sums up & sup]s$es all ! o!rs4 ,no "o w\ld travel ) ,/ev5son's eng9e :o c\ld employ a ,briti% or ,am]ican eng9e ( ! late/ type4 ,!re we h a def9ite sy/em ( developm5t--( gr[?1 improvem5t1 & increas$ pr(ici5cy4 ,& we f9d ! same ?+ if we look at sci5ce z a :ole1 z a body ( k ( a special k9d4 ,its problems are ti$ toge!r1 subord9at$ & co-ord9at$1 unifi$ 9 "o va/ sy/em1 s t we c repres5t its hi/ory z a s+le l9e ( progress or retreat4 ,b art is n l sci5ce4 ,donatello's sculpture is n a gr[? f ! sculpture ( ,pheidias or ,praxiteles 9 ! same way t ! ,london & ,nor?-,we/]n eng9e is a gr[? f ,/ev5son's model2 nor 0 ,raphael's "w develop$ f ,giotto's 9 ! same way4 ,works ( art are sep>ate & indep5d5t ?+s4 ,t is :y ,donatello has n sup]s$$ ,pheidias1 nor ,raphael ,giotto2 & t is :y ! _w *]i%es ! e>lie/ works ( art q z mu* z ! lat] ones4 ,yet we are b\nd to admit t we c f9d traces ( an evolution>y process ev5 9 ! hi/ory ( art1 if we look dilig5tly = !m4 ,i rememb] to h se5 a book by a well-kn[n ,italian critic 9 :i* ! repres5tations ( ! ,madonna are exhibit$ f ?is po9t ( view 7,a4 ,v5turi1 8,la ,madonna10 ,milan1 #ahii74 ,9 x ! pictures ( ! ,madonna are treat$ z an organism :i* gradually develops1 atta9s p]fection1 gets old1 & dies4 ,!re is some?+ to be said = ?is po9t ( view4 ,:5 y h a numb] ( arti/s successively treat+ ! same subject y naturally f9d t alt]ations & fre% ideas are import$ into _! "w4 ,^! additions & modifications c q fairly be reg>d$ z developm5ts ( ! subject-matt] & its treatm5t4 ,b su* developm5ts are always p>tial & "o-sid$1 & !y are accompani$ ) losses ( ano!r k9d4 ,if ,raphael's ,madonnas are m correctly drawn & modell$ ?an ^? ( ,giotto1 ^! ga9s are balanc$ by a correspond+ loss 9 ! spiritual qualities ( s9c]ity & e>ne/ness ( religi\s conviction4 ,x dep5ds1 !re=e1 on :at n>r[ & /rictly def9$ po9t ( view we adopt :e!r we f9d developm5t or decay 9 any p>ticul> s]ies ( arti/ic productions4 ,f "o po9t ( view ! hi/ory ( art f ,giotto to ,raphael c be reg>d$ z a process ( gr[? & advance1 f ano!r1 ! same s]ies c be tak51 z ,rusk9 actually took x1 z an exhibition ( ! processes ( dea? & decay4 ,! enlight5$ lov] & /ud5t ( art w look at ! matt] f bo?1 & o!r1 po9ts ( view1 b he w realize t ! !ory ( developm5t does n help him 9 any way to f9d a /&>d ( value = works ( art4 ,art mu/ be judg$ by its own /&>ds1 & ^? /&>ds tell u ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,i4 7,9 ! possession ( ,c4 ,morl& ,agnew1 ,esq47 8,,lake ,,albano ,,& ,,ca/el ,,g&olfo40 ,,by ,j4 ,r4 ,,coz5s4 t ea* individual ma/]piece is p]fect 9 its own m>vell\s way1 :e!r x 0 produc$ l ! ,*eik el ,bel$ or ,! ,scribe1 "s five or six ?\s& ye>s ago1 or l ! pa9t+s ( ,reynolds1 ,ga9sbor\gh1 & ,turn] )9 comp>atively rec5t times4 7#b7 ,,! ,,be>+ ,,( ,,^! ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,briti% ,,wat]-,,col\r ,,pa9t+ ,! direct be>+ ( ^! rem>ks on our imm$iate subject-matt] w1 ,i hope1 be evid5t to all :o are famili> ) ! lit]ature ( ! hi/ory ( ,briti% wat]-col\r pa9t+4 ,! fir/ attempt to =m an hi/orical s]ies ( ,briti% wat]-col\rs = ! public use 0 begun 9 #aheg1 by ,samuel ,r$grave = ! ,sci5ce & ,art ,dep>tm5t ( :at 0 !n ! ,bo>d ( ,education4 ,?anks to ,r$grave's k & en?usiasm a wor?y collection ( examples ( ! works ( ! f\nd]s ( ! s*ool 0 soon got toge!r1 & ?is nucleus 0 rapidly enl>g$ by pur*ases1 gifts1 & beque/s4 ,^! draw+s 7 h\s$ & exhibit$ 9 :at 0 !n call$ ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 & 9 #ahgg ,r$grave publi%$ an admirable 8,descriptive ,catalogue0 ( ! collection4 ,z an introduction to ?is catalogue he wrote a valuable acc\nt ( ! orig9 & hi/orical developm5t ( ! art4 ,bo? ! (ficial "* ( ?is publication z well z its intr9sic m]its1 lit]>y & hi/orical--= ,r$grave & 8 bro!r ,ri*>d1 :o _h assi/$ him 9 ! "w1 7 two ( ! be/ in=m$ hi/orians ( ,engli% art 9 ! la/ c5tury--comb9$ to make x at ! "t & = _m ye>s aft]w>ds ! /&>d & mo/ au?oritative book on ?is subject4 ,b its hi/orical "p has "o s]i\s defect1 due p]haps to "s ext5t to ! un=tunate association ( sci5ce ) art 9 ! same museum4 ,r$grave's conception ( arti/ic developm5t 0 evid5tly borr[$ ready-made f ! ideas ( 8 sci5tific colleagues4 ,he treats ! *ronological arrangem5t ( ! draw+s 9 exactly ! same way z ! m5 ( sci5ce treat ! successive alt]ations & improvem5ts :i* ,/ev5son's fir/ model /eam-eng9e und]w5t2 & z he f\nd ! e>li] draw+s approa*$ v ne>ly to mono*rome1 :ile ! lat] ones 7 highly col\r$ & full] 9 ! /atem5t & realization ( detail1 he took x = grant$ t ^! *anges m>k$ ! true l9e ( progress & developm5t 9 ! art4 ,! e>ly 8/a9$0 draw+s ( ,scott & ,rook] 7 treat$ z ! primitive & undevelop$ models f :i* ! lat] & m elaborate works ( ,turn]1 ,copley ,field+1 ,sidney ,coop]1 ,john ,f4 ,lewis1 ,l\is ,haghe1 & ,c>l ,w]n] 7 develop$4 ,e fre% complication ( te*nique & elaboration ( effect 7 hail$ en?usia/ically z signs ( 8progress10 & brilliance ( col\r1 ri*ness ( effect1 & fullness ( realization 7 treat$ z ! m>ks ( 8! full p]fection0 ( :i* ! art 0 capable4 ,9 ?is way wat]-col\r 8draw+0 became 8elevat$0 into ! 8p]fect$0 art ( pa9t+ 9 wat]-col\rs1 & ! b5efic5t cosmic process triumphantly produc$ pa9t+s 9 wat]-col\r :i* c\ld actually 8hold _! own0 9 =ce & brilliancy ( effect ) oil pa9t+s4 ,z a tempor>y measure ,r$grave's excursus into evolution>y !ory mu/ h be5 extraord9>ily successful4 ,no m speci\s doctr9e c\ld well h be5 inv5t$ to flatt] & gratify all p>ties conc]n$ at ! mom5t2 ! presid5ts & lead+ memb]s ( ! two wat]-col\r societies mu/ h f\nd peace & com=t 9 ,r$grave's !ory1 & ! g5]al public mu/ h felt t 8enlight5m5t & progress0 ev5 9 arti/ic matt]s 7 be+ duly fo/]$ by an effici5t 8,committee ,c\ncil on ,education40 ,b ! !ory has s]i\s defects4 ,x sets up a false /&>d ( arti/ic value1 x )draws att5tion f ! high] beauties ( art to focus x ^u m]ely mat]iali/ic & te*nical que/ions1 &1 :at is p]haps /ill m s]i\s1 x prejudges ! ef=ts ( subsequ5t arti/s1 & closes ! door to future *anges & developm5ts4 ,! importance ( ^! latt] consid]ations w be se5 z soon z we turn our att5tion to ! art ( ! pres5t day & t ( ! p]iod :i* has int]v5$ betwe5 x & ! date ( ! publication ( ,r$grave's catalogue4 ,consid] = "o mom5t ! wat]-col\rs ( ,:i/l]1 ,claus51 ,wilson ,/e]1 ,d4 ,y4 ,cam]on1 ,ann+ ,bell1 ,*>les ,sims1 ,a4 ,w4 ,ri*1 ,*>les ,g]e1 & ,romilly ,f$d51 & judge !m 9 t]ms ( ,r$grave's =mula6 ,if we d we are b\nd to confess t !y "o & all /& condemn$4 ,if ,r$grave's idea ( ! l9e ( progress & advance is correct we are b\nd to believe t ! works ( ^! f9e arti/s repres5t1 n progress & advance1 b decay & loss4 ,inde$1 ! two *ief movem5ts 9 art 9 ! la/ qu>t] ( ! la/ c5tury1 ! discov]y ( atmosph]e z ! pr$om9ant factor 9 pictorial repres5tation--:at may be call$ = ! sake ( brevity ! :ole ,impressioni/ic movem5t1 & ! lat] delib]ate se>* = simplicity ( /atem5t1 ei!r 9 ! int]e/s ( decorative effect or emotional expression1 7 s]i\sly ?w>t$ & h9d]$ by ! dem&s = 8exhibition f9i%10 s-call$ consci5ti\s workman%ip1 & a /&>d ( pr(essional te*nique--8real pa9t+1 z su*10 z ,rusk9 call$ x--set up & ma9ta9$ by ! errone\s !ories ( arti/ic progress ( :i* ,r$grave 0 only "o ( ! expon5ts4 ,x is !re=e ( ! utmo/ importance t any attempt to deal fairly & g5]\sly ) ! art ( m rec5t times %all consci\sly & delib]ately dissociate itself f su* !ories4 7#c7 ,,! ,,developm5t ,,( ,,subject-,,matt] ,,& ,,te*nique ,aft] :at has be5 writt5 above x is to be hop$ t ! dang]s att5d+ ! use ( ! ^w 8developm5t0 h be5 exorcis$4 ,we int5d to use ! ^w m]ely z a synonym = *ronological sequ5ce1 & we h be5 c>eful to po9t out t ! hi/orical ord] 9 :i* arti/s appe> does n co9cide or run p>allel ) any gr[?1 advance1 progress1 or improvem5t 9 ! arti/ic value ( _! "w4 ,%orn ?us ( its /ol5 f9]y ( !oretical prejudice & philosophical impo/ure ! nak$ c\rse ( *ronological sequ5ce pres5ts few attractions to ! en?usia/ic lov] ( ! beautiful4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 its uses4 ,^! are ma9ly mnemonical1 = x supplies ! ?read on :i* we /r+ toge!r 9 our memory ! ?+s /rewn along ! s*$ule ( ! ye>s )\t app>5t rhyme or reason4 ,! dates w n help u to pick out ! good f ! bad1 b !y help u to place among _! prop] surr\nd+s ! good ?+s :i* our sympa?ies & in/9cts f9d = u4 ,) ?is grudg+ apo/rophe to ! hi/orical maid-(-all-"w we w proce$ ) our survey ( ! brief tale ( ye>s dur+ :i* our national s*ool ( wat]-col\r pa9t+ has be5 9 exi/5ce4 ,! bus9ess ( ?is *apt] is to outl9e ! developm5t ( =m & cont5t1 ( subject-matt] & te*nique4 ,= ! beg9n+s ( ,briti% l&scape pa9t+ we mu/ look to ! draw+s & engrav+s connect$ ) ! /udy ( topography1 us+ ?is ^w 9 ! ord9>y s5se ( place-draw+1 or ! description ( a p>ticul> build+ or spot4 ,g5]ally speak+ ! designs ( ! e>li] draughtsm5 are n[ kn[n only ?r\gh ! engrav+s :i* 7 made f !m4 ,roget1 9 8 8,hi/ory ( ! ,old ,wat]-,col\r ,society0 7*apt]s i & iii1 ,book ,i7 gives a full & int]e/+ acc\nt ( ^! engrav+s4 ,! e>lie/ draw+s we ne$ ref] to are ^? ( ,samuel ,scott 7#agaj-aggb7 & 8 pupil1 ,william ,m>l[ 7#agdj-ahac71 ,paul ,s&by 7#agbe-ahji71 ,william ,p>s 7#agdb-aghb71 ,mi*ael ,angelo ,rook] 7#agdc-ahja71 & ,?omas ,he>ne 7#agdd-ahag74 ,work+ alongside ^! arti/s 0 ano!r gr\p ( m5 :o produc$ 8l&scapes0 :i* reli$ = _! int]e/ r ^u ! s5tim5ts evok$ by _! subject-matt] & treatm5t ?an ^u ! purely topographical "* ( _! "w4 ,^! pa9t]s ( poetical or s5tim5tal l&scape may be said to h begun ) ,george ,lamb]t 7#agaj8-agfe71 ,ri*>d ,wilson 7#agac-aghb71 & ,?omas ,ga9sbor\gh 7#agbg-aghh74 ,( ^! only ! latt] us$ wat]-col\r z an indep5d5t m$ium4 ,8 ,l&scape ) ,waggon on a ,road ?r\gh a ,wood 7,briti% ,museum7 rem9ds "o some:at ( ! l&scape /udies ( ,rub5s & ,van ,dyck1 at lea/ z reg>ds ! col\r-effect & ! feel+ = atmosph]e4 ,?r\gh ,ga9sbor\gh ! influ5ce ( ,rub5s & t ( ! ,flemi% conception ( l&scape pa9t+ 0 br\ght to be> on ,briti% art1 :ile ,lamb]t & ,ri*>d ,wilson famili>iz$ ! y\ng] arti/s & _! patrons ) ! /yle & aims ( ,p\ss9 & ,claude4 ,! same influ5ces are disc]nible 9 ! works ( ,alex&] ,coz5s 7d4 #aghf7 & 8 son1 ,john ,rob]t ,coz5s 7#ageb-agii71 bo? ( :om work$ almo/ entirely 9 wat]-col\r4 ,! works ( ^! pa9t]s ( poetical l&scape taught ! public to dem& some?+ m emotional 9 feel+ & m dignifi$ & impressive 9 treatm5t ?an ! prosaic transcripts & conv5tionally compos$ draw+s ( ! topograph]s4 ,_! example also taught ! ris+ g5]ation ( arti/s1 among/ :om we f9d ,edw>d ,dayes 7#agfc-ahjd71 ,john ,glov] 7#agfg-ahdi71 ,jo%ua ,cri/all 7#agfg8-ahdg71 ,f4 ,l4 ,t4 ,francia 7#aggb-ahci71 ,?omas ,girt9 7#agge-ahjb71 ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turn] 7#agge-ahea71 ,john ,con/able 7#aggf-ahcg71 & ,john ,sell ,cotman 7#aghb-ahdb71 h[ to meet ^? dem&s4 ,9 ,turn]'s ,w>kwor? ,ca/le 7,v4 & ,a4 ,museum71 exhibit$ 9 #agii1 & ,girt9's ,bridgnor? 7,briti% ,museum71 pa9t$ 9 #ahjb1 we f9d ^! two /reams ( influ5ce unit+4 ,^! draw+s are at ! same "t bo? topographical & poetical2 ea* repres5ts a p>ticul> place ) a good deal ( accuracy1 b 9 su* a way t ! draw+ might j z correctly be call$ a poetical l&scape z a topographical repres5tation4 ,?is comb9ation ( fact ) emotion1 ( repres5tation ) poetry1 has rema9$ dur+ ! :ole ( ! n9ete5? c5tury & d[n to ! pres5t day ! dom9ant *>act]i/ic ( ,briti% l&scape pa9t+4 ,sometimes ! topographical factor 0 subdu$ or almo/ subm]g$1 z 9 ! wat]-col\rs ( ,george ,b>ret1 junr4 7#agfg-ahdb7 & ,francis ,oliv] ,f9* 7#ahjb-ahfb71 b x is g5]ally pr$om9ant1 ?\gh always 9 comb9ation ) emotional or poetical expression1 9 ! works ( ,william ,havell 7#aghb-aheg71 ,david ,cox 7#aghc-ahei71 ,pet] ,de ,w9t 7#aghd-ahdi71 ,copley ,field+ 7#aghg-ahee71 ,g4 ,f4 ,robson 7#aghh-ahcc71 ,samuel ,pr\t 7#aghc-aheb71 ,william ,hunt 7#agij-ahfd71 ,cl>kson ,/anfield 7#agic-ahfg71 ,david ,rob]ts 7#agif-ahfd71 ,j4 ,d4 ,h>d+ 7#agig or #h-ahfc71 ,r4 ,p4 ,bon+ton 7#ahjb-ahbh71 ,t4 ,%ott] ,boys 7#ahjc-ahgd71 ,j4 ,sc>lett ,davis 7#ahjd8-ahdd71 ,j4 ,f4 ,lewis 7#ahje-ahgf71 ,w4 ,j4 ,mull] 7#ahab-ahde71 ,william ,call[ 7#ahab-aijh71 ,birket ,fo/] 7#ahbe-ahii71 ,a4 ,w4 ,hunt 7#ahcj-ahif71 ,e4 ,m4 ,wimp]is 7#ahce-aijj71 ,tom ,colli] 7#ahdj-ahia71 & ,j4 ,buxton ,knight 7#ahdb-aijh74 ,! c\rse ( developm5t ( ! subject-matt] ( ,briti% l&scape pa9t+ 9 wat]-col\r we may1 !re=e1 say has be5 some:at z foll[s3 x />t$ ) ! object ( record+ z cle>ly & accurately z 0 possible ! appe>ance ( build+s & places1 & x did ?is1 n = purely arti/ic reasons1 b 9 ! int]e/s ( antiqu>ian1 ar*ological1 hi/orical1 or geographical in=mation2 by ! side ( ?is place-record+ activity !re sprang up a s]ies ( pa9t]s :o aim$ at ! production ( l&scapes z ! means ( arti/ic & emotional expression2 we !n f9d ^! two gr\ps act+ on ea* o!r1 ! poetical s*ool tea*+ ! topograph]s /yle1 design1 8atmosph]e10 & emotion1 & ! topograph]s direct+ ! att5tion ( ! poetical pa9t]s to ! obs]vation & /udy ( nature & ! expression ( ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ii4 7,9 ! possession ( ,?omas ,girt91 ,esq47 8,,! ,,valley ,,( ,,! ,,aire40 ,,by ,,?omas ,,girt94 _! own p]sonal emotions2 & ! outcome ( ?is process is ! pres5t s*ool ( ,briti% l&scape pa9t]s 9 wat]-col\rs1 :i* attempts1 bo? 9 its highe/ & 9 its l[e/ ef=ts1 to d full ju/ice to ! progressive dem&s :i* ! educat$ public has ?us le>n$ to make on ! arti/4 ,we turn n[ to ! developm5t ( te*nique4 ,! e>lie/ topograph]s work$ on :ite pap]1 on :i*1 aft] ! subject _h be5 outl9$ 9 p5cil--su* outl9es be+ sometimes en=c$ ) p5 & ink1 ! g5]al sy/em ( light & %ade 0 wa%$ 9 mono*rome2 ! local col\rs 7 !n wa%$ ov] ?is prep>ation4 ,! me?od1 s f> z ! col\rs 7 conc]n$1 0 some:at simil> to t ( t9t+ or col\r+ an engrav+4 ,9 draw+s execut$ 9 ?is mann] by ,s&by1 ,rook]1 & ,he>ne ! brilliance ( ! col\rs is some:at subdu$ by ! grey und]pa9t+4 ,b ?is is probably due to ! fact t ! arti/s work$ only ) _! wa%es ( transp>5t col\r1 rely+ ^u ! :ite pap] ass]t+ itself ?r\gh ^! wa%es4 ,! lum9\s effects produc$ 9 ?is way--9 draw+s l ,s&by's ,w9dsor3 ,ea/ ,view f ,cr[n ,corn] 7,briti% ,museum7 & ,rook]'s ,/4 ,botolph's 7,v4 & ,a4 ,museum7--h be5 s mu* admir$ t _m liv+ arti/s h delib]ately gone back to ?is simple way ( work+4 ,! effect ( ! grey und]pa9t+ on ! f9i%$ "w is1 h[ev]1 l>gely dep5d5t on ! arti/'s wi%es4 ,if he *ooses to sacrifice ! lum9osity ( ! :ite pap] he c pa9t ov] 8 prelim9>y wa%es ) col\r s heavily *>g$ t x w practically annihilate !m4 ,?is is :at ,girt9 g5]ally did 9 8 lat] works1 ?\gh x mu/ be add$ t he also *ang$ ! col\r ( 8 prep>atory wa%es f grey to br[n4 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k1 !re=e1 t ,r$grave has exagg]at$ ! importance ( ! use or disuse ( ^! prelim9>y wa%es4 ,! e>li] poetical pa9t]s1 l ,lamb]t1 & ,s&by 9 8 l>g] compositions pa9t$ = exhibition purposes1 work$ 9 body-col\r1 i4e41 opaque :ite 0 mix$ ) all ! col\rs4 ,9 ?is way "s approximation to ! =ce ( oil pa9t+ 0 obta9$4 ,ano!r way ( gett+ a simil> result 0 to "w ) ! pap] wet4 ,a good example ( ?is me?od is ,turn]'s ,w>kwor? ,ca/le4 ,9 ?is picture ,turn] tries to d 9 wat]-col\r :at ,ri*>d ,wilson did 9 oils4 ,he gets 8 effects ( deep ri* tone & =ce ( col\r by work+ ) a heavily *>g$ bru%1 spong+1 & wip+ out ! lights ) a dry bru% or h&k]*ief or scrap+ !m ) a knife4 ,! me?ods ( ,w>kwor? ,ca/le 7 practically ^? us$ by ! y\ng] ,b>ret1 ,v>ley1 ,copley ,field+1 ,cox1 & ,de ,w9t1 b aft] ab\t #ahcj we f9d opaque :ite com+ into g5]al use1 at fir/ m]ely to give increas$ =ce to ! high lights1 b lat] x 0 mix$ freely ) all ! transp>5t col\rs1 & ton$ or t9t$ pap] 0 us$ to give great] brilliance to ! body-col\r4 ,john ,f4 ,lewis work$ 9 ?is way1 b ! h>dness & glitt] to :i* x s easily conduc$ l$ to its ab&onm5t by ! lat] arti/s :o set !mselves to r5d] ! delicate gradations ( ! atmosph]e4 ,yet "o mu/ admit t 9 ! h&s ( a ma/] te*nician l ,turn] all ! unpleasant qualities s (t5 app>5t 9 body-col\r "w c be avoid$1 z ! ,riv]s ( ,france draw+s prove4 ,at ! pres5t "t "s arti/s1 :o aim especially at =ce & brilliance ( col\r1 pref] to "w 9 temp]a1 b x is d\btful :e!r ?is m$ium c rightly be reg>d$ z a =m ( wat]-col\r pa9t+4 ,on ! :ole we may say t ! te*nique ( wat]-col\r has *ang$ v little dur+ ! la/ two c5turies4 ,! *ief *ange has p]haps be5 connect$ ) ! introduction1 ab\t #ahcj1 ( moi/ col\rs put up 9 metal tubes1 a great conv5i5ce to arti/s 9 se>* ( bold effects )\t ! exp5diture ( mu* "t or tr\ble4 ,b ev5 ?is has prov$ a d\btful advantage1 & _m arti/s h n[ gone back to ! use ( h>d cakes ( col\r1 simil> to ^? ) :i* ! e>li] m5 obta9$ _! delicate & lum9\s results4 7#d7 ,,"s ,,fam\s ,,wat]-,,col\r ,,pa9t]s ,,( ,,! ,,pa/ ,9 ! previ\s section we h delib]ately refra9$ f say+ any?+ ab\t ! purely arti/ic qualities ( ! works we h ref]r$ to4 ,?is is because we h be5 engag$ 9 a /rictly hi/orical survey1 & to ! eye ( hi/ory !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 ! works ( a great arti/ & ^? ( a bungl]4 ,bo? are equally pat5t & indubitable facts4 ,x is ! bus9ess ( criticism to appraise ! arti/ic beauty ( works ( art4 ,& if 9 our hi/orical survey we h kept our att5tion fix$ g5]ally on ! works ( ! great] m51 ?is is m ! result ( accid5t ?an design4 ,art criticism has already sift$ mu* ( ! good f ! bad 9 ! "w ( ! pa/1 & x is m conv5i5t1 9 a g5]al survey ( ?is k9d1 to deal ) :at is be/ kn[n & valu$4 ,b because hi/ory c ?us take advantage ( :at art criticism has done1 t is no reason :y we %\ld confuse ! two processes1 & x _c be repeat$ too (t5 t hi/orical importance or int]e/ has no?+ :atev] to d ) arti/ic value4 ,! aim ( ?is section is to make good ! defects ( hi/orical /udy1 s f>1 at lea/1 z ! limit$ space at our disposal w p]mit4 ,) ?is object 9 view we h select$ a bak]'s doz5 ( ! m fam\s arti/s ( ! pa/1 & we w endeav\r to indicate "s ( ! qualities :i* make _! works a joy & delight to ^? :o h ! privilege ( kn[+ !m4 ,9 ea* case we w supply1 9 tabloid =m1 a c]ta9 am\nt ( biographical in=mation1 z k ( ! "t & place 9 :i* an arti/ works & ! conditions "u :i* he produces helps u to und]/& :at he has done2 we %all also attempt to po9t out ! *ief public gall]ies :]e ea* arti/'s works ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iii4 7,9 ! possession ( ,messrs4 ,j4 ,pals] ,sons47 8,,kirkham ,,abbey40 ,,by ,,john ,,sell ,,cotman1 ,r4,w4,s4 c be se5 7:5 happi] times br+ ab\t ! reop5+ ( our museums & art gall]ies71 & ! s\rces f :i* ^? :o c>e = x c obta9 full] in=mation & m au?oritative criticism ?an we ourselves c supply4 ,su* in=mation z we c give w be z correct z we c make x1 b x w make no claim :atev] to be exhau/ive4 ,,paul ,,s&by ,born at ,nott+ham1 #agbe2 ent]$ milit>y draw+ (fice ( ! ,t[] ( ,london1 #agdf2 draughtsman to a survey ( ! ,nor!rn & ,we/]n ,highl&s1 #agdh-agea1 dur+ :i* "t he publi%$ "s et*+s ( ,scotti% views2 work$ at ,w9dsor = "s ye>s f #ageb1 :]e 8 bro!r1 ,?omas1 0 ,deputy ,rang]2 *ief draw+-ma/]1 ,royal ,milit>y ,academy1 ,woolwi*1 #agfh-agig2 elect$ ,director ( ! ,society ( ,arti/s1 ,octob] #ah1 #agff2 orig9al memb] ( ,royal ,academy1 #agfh2 introduc$ ! aquat9t me?od ( engrav+ into ,engl&2 publi%$ fir/ set ( twelve aquat9ts ( views 9 ,s\? ,wales1 #aggd1 a second set ( views 9 ,nor? ,wales1 #aggf1 & a ?ird set 9 #aggg2 di$ #ahji4 ,,exhibit$3 ,society ( ,arti/s1 #agfj-'fh2 ,royal ,academy1 #agfi-'gg1 '#gi-'hb1 '#hf-'hh1 '#ij-'ie1 '#ig-ahjb1 '#jf-'ji2 ,free ,society1 #aghb1 '#hc4 ,,works ,,9 ,,public ,,gall]ies3 ,national ,gall]y2 ,v4 & ,a4 ,museum 7,wat]-,col\rs72 ,briti% ,museum2 ,national ,gall]y ( ,irel&2 ,gre5wi* ,hospital2 ,diploma ,gall]y1 ,r4,a42 ,man*e/] ,:itwor? ,in/itute2 ,norwi*1 ,nott+ham1 ,glasg[1 etc41 ,art ,gall]ies4 ,,biographical ,,& ,,critical ,,s\rces3 8,?omas & ,paul ,s&by10 by ,william ,s&by1 #ahib2 8,d4 ,n4 ,b402 ,roget's 8,hi/ory ( ! ,old ,wat]-,col\r ,society10 #ahia4 ,,reproductions ,,( ,,works3 8,! ,e>li] ,engli% ,wat]-,col\r ,pa9t]s10 by ,cosmo ,monkh\se2 8,! ,engli% ,wat]-,col\r ,pa9t]s10 by ,a4 ,j4 ,f9b]g2 8,e>ly ,engli% ,wat]-,col\r10 by ,c4 ,e4 ,hughes2 8,wat]-,col\r10 by ! ,hon4 ,neville ,lytton2 8,wat]-,col\r ,pa9t+10 by ,a4 ,w4 ,ri*2 8,! ,royal ,academy0 7,,! ,,/udio ,summ] ,numb]1 #aijd72 ,,! ,,/udio1 ,jan4 #aiah4 ,s&by 0 "o ( ! mo/ prolific ( ! e>li] topographical arti/s4 ,8 numb]less draw+s & ! engrav+s he made f !m did m ?an any "o man _h done be=e to famili>ize ,engli%m5 ) ! beauties ( _! native l&4 ,he 0 an indefatigable travell]1 & he 0 ! fir/ arti/ to discov] ! arti/ic beauties ( ,wales4 ,he work$ bo? 9 transp>5t col\r & 9 g\a*e4 ,8 draw+s 9 ! latt] m$ium1 ( :i* !re are sev]al 9 ! ,v4 & ,a4 ,museum1 are di/9ctly inf]ior to 8 works 9 pure col\r4 ,!y are sc5ic & conv5tional 9 design1 feeble & pret5ti\s 9 execution4 ,8 draw+s 9 transp>5t col\r1 h[ev]1 are delightfully fre% & vigor\s2 lum9\s 9 effect1 & fill$ ) pro(s ( ke5 & g5ial obs]vation4 ,!y seem full ( air & light1 vivid human int]e/1 & 9 _! treatm5t ( ar*itecture & ( all natural features !y are at once c>eful1 accurate & lucid )\t ev] %[+ signs ( lab\r or fatigue4 ,9 ! abundance ( 8 "w & its v>iety ,s&by approa*$ ne>] to ,turn] ?an any o!r arti/4 ,b he _h n ,turn]'s subtlety ( eye & h&1 nor 8 exquisite s5se ( arti/ic =m4 ,8 l&scapes are well compos$1 b on conv5tional l9es1 & ! :ole mat]ial is nev] weld$ toge!r into an orig9al & impeccable design1 z ) ,turn]1 ,coz5s1 & ,cotman4 ,s&by's ,wel% aquat9ts ) _! _m d>+ effects ( light =m ! real =]unn]s ( ,turn]'s 8,lib] ,/udiorum40 ,!y display bett] ?an any s+le draw+ ! wid? & range ( ! arti/'s p[]s4 ,z an engrav] & wat]-col\r pa9t] ,paul ,s&by is a g5ial & inspirit+ p]sonality4 ,he trans=m$ topographical draughtsman%ip into some?+ new & liv+1 in/9ct ) life & emotion4 8,& if we may n call him a great arti/1 we may at lea/ say t he 0 a topographical draughtsman ( g5ius40 ,,alex&] ,,coz5s ,born 9 ,russia1 date unkn[n2 son ( ,pet] ! ,great & an ,engli%woman2 s5t by 8 fa!r to /udy pa9t+ 9 ,italy2 said to h come to ,engl& 9 #agdf2 draw+-ma/] at ,eton ,s*ool1 #agfc-agfh2 m>ri$ a si/] ( ,rob]t ,edge ,p9e2 elect$ ,fell[ ( ! ,society ( ,arti/s1 #agfe2 di$ 9 ,duke ,/reet1 ,piccadilly1 ,april #bc1 #aghf4 ,,exhibit$3 ,society ( ,arti/s1 #agfj1 '#fc1 '#fe-'ga2 ,free ,society1 #agfa1 '#fb2 ,royal ,academy1 #aggb1 '#gc1 '#ge1 '#gg-'gi1 '#ha4 ,,works ,,9 ,,public ,,gall]ies3 ,v4 & ,a4 ,museum 7,wat]-,col\rs72 ,briti% ,museum2 ,man*e/] ,:itwor? ,in/itute4 ,,biographical ,,& ,,critical ,,s\rces3 ,leslie's 8,h&book = ,"y ,pa9t]s02 ,r$grave's 8,diction>y02 8,rem9isc5ces ( ,h5ry ,angelo10 vol4 i1 #bab-baf2 8,d4 ,n4 ,b40 ,,reproductions3 ,,! ,,/udio1 ,feb4 #aiag2 ,f9b]g's 8,engli% ,wat]-,col\r ,pa9t]s40 ,! date :5 ,alex&] ,coz5s came to ,engl& is giv5 above z #agdf4 ,?is is :at we f9d 9 all ! ref]5ce books1 & x is f\nd$ on a memor&um pa/$ 9 a book ( draw+s made by ! arti/ 9 ,italy :i* is n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,?is memor&um /ates t 8,alex&] ,coz5s1 9 ,london1 au?or ( ^! draw+s1 lo/ !m1 & _m m1 9 ,g]many1 by _! dropp+ f 8 saddle1 :5 he 0 rid+ on 8 way f ,rome to ,engl&1 9 ! ye> #agdf4 ,john ,coz5s1 8 son1 be+ at ,flor5ce 9 ! ye> #aggf1 pur*as$ !m4 ,:5 he return$ to ,london 9 ! ye> #aggi he deliv]$ ! draw+s to 8 fa!r40 ,n[ ei!r ! date 9 ?is note is wrong or1 :at seems a m probable explanation1 ,alex&] ,coz5s's j\rney to ,engl& 9 #agdf 0 n ! occasion ( 8 fir/ visit to ?is c\ntry1 = !re is an engrav$ ,view ( ! ,royal ,college ( ,eton1 aft] a draw+ made by ,coz5s1 :i* 0 publi%$ 9 #agdb4 ,x 0 engrav$ by ,john ,p9e1 ^: daught] aft]w>ds became ,alex&] ,coz5s's wife4 ,! exi/5ce ( ?is engrav+1 :i* has be5 notic$ by none ( ! writ]s on ,coz5s's life1 seems to po9t to ! probability t ! arti/ came to ,engl& at lea/ f\r ye>s e>li] ?an has be5 suppos$4 ,x also %[s h[ little we "k ab\t ,coz5s's e>ly life1 & x sugge/s a c]ta9 am\nt ( scepticism ab\t ! con/antly repeat$ /atem5ts on ?is subject :i* re/1 app>5tly1 ei!r on dubi\s au?ority or on au?ority :i* has n or _c be v]ifi$4 ,alex&] ,coz5s's "w attract$ little att5tion 9 mod]n times until ! late ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,home p]ceiv$ its beauties4 ,public att5tion 0 fir/ drawn to x by ! 8,hi/orical ,collection ( ,briti% ,wat]-,col\rs0 organiz$ by ! ,walpole ,society 9 ! ,loan ,exhibition held at ! ,grafton ,gall]ies at ! end ( #aiaa1 :i* includ$ five beautiful draw+s by ,coz5s4 ,?is 0 foll[$1 9 #aiaf1 by an exhibition ( ,mr4 ,home's collection ( draw+s ) special ref]5ce to ! works ( ,alex&] ,coz5s1 held by ! ,burl+ton ,f9e ,arts ,club4 ,to ! catalogue ( ?is exhibition ,mr4 ,laur5ce ,b9yon contribut$ a valuable article on 8,alex&] ,coz5s & 8 ,influ5ce on ,engli% ,pa9t+40 ,9 ?is article ,mr4 ,b9yon does ju/ice to ,coz5's orig9ality ( design & to ! emotional p[] ( 8 draw+s4 8,9 8 free/ ve9 he uses 8 bru% ) a loose impetuosity :i* rem9ds "o curi\sly ( ,*9ese mono*rome sket*es--! k9d ( "w belov$ by ^? ,*9ese arti/s :o valu$ spontane\s fre%ness & p]sonal expressiv5ess above all else 9 l&scape40 8,x 0 inde$10 ,mr4 ,b9yon adds1 8! nak$ elem5ts0 7( l&scape /ructure7 8r ?an ! sup]ficial aspects ( a sc5e :i* appeal$ to 8 imag9ation2 & 9 nature x 0 ! solit>y & ! spaci\s r ?an ! agreeably picturesque :i* evok$ 8 deepe/ feel+s40 ,alex&] ,coz5s us$ col\r sp>+ly & seldom4 ,8 be/ draw+s are ei!r 9 bi/re or 9 indian ink1 & he 0 fond ( work+ on /a9$1 or p]haps oil$1 pap] 7:i* 0 =m]ly us$ = trac+74 ,su* pap] has d\btless acquir$ a d>k] tone ) age1 & x adds to ! 8sombr5ess0 ( :i* contempor>ies compla9$ 9 8 draw+s4 ,,john ,,rob]t ,,coz5s ,son ( ,alex&] ,coz5s1 born #ageb2 made sket*+ t\r 9 ,switz]l& & ,italy1 ) ,r4 ,payne ,knight1 #aggf-aggi2 aga9 visit$ ,switz]l& & ,italy1 ?is "t 9 company ) ,william ,beck=d1 #aghb2 became insane1 #agid2 di$1 x is said1 #agii4 ,,exhibit$3 ,society ( ,arti/s1 #agfg-'ga2 ,royal ,academy1 #aggf4 ,,works ,,9 ,,public ,,gall]ies3 ,v4 & ,a4 ,museum 7,wat]-,col\rs72 ,briti% ,museum2 ,national ,gall]y ( ,irel&2 ,man*e/] ,:itwor? ,in/itute2 ,fitzwilliam ,museum1 ,cambridge2 ,oldham ,art ,gall]y 7,*>les ,e4 ,lees' ,collection72 ,man*e/] ,art ,gall]y 7,james ,blair ,beque/74 ,,biographical ,,& ,,critical ,,s\rces3 ,edw>ds's 8,anecdotes02 ,leslie's 8,h&book02 ,r$grave's 8,c5tury0 & 8,diction>y02 8,d4 ,n4 ,b40 ,,reproductions3 ,cosmo ,monkh\se's1 ,f9b]g's1 ,hughes's & ,ri*'s works1 already cit$2 ,,! ,,/udio1 ,feb4 #aiag4 ,x is really surpris+ t we "k s little ab\t ?is arti/4 ,dur+ 8 lifetime 8 works 7 mu* s\ght aft]1 & he mu/ h be5 p]sonally kn[n to a numb] ( di/+ui%$ p2 bo? ,payne ,knight & ! ecc5tric millionaire1 ,william ,beck=d1 ! au?or ( 8,va!k10 & own] & rebuild] ( ,fon?ill ,abbey1 ) :om he travell$ 9 ,italy & ,switz]l&1 & :o bo? possess$ a l>ge numb] ( 8 draw+s1 7 volum9\s writ]s1 yet nei!r has deign$ to tell u any?+ ( int]e/ ab\t ! "*1 p]sonality1 or ev5 outw>d appe>ance ( ?is v great arti/4 ,bo? ,beck=d & ,knight wrote acc\nts ( _! travels1 b "o se>*es !m 9 va9 = a s+le ^w t w\ld prove t ^! highly intellig5t m5 _h ! %ad[ ( a notion t ! quiet & unobtrusive "y 8draughtsman0 9 _! employ 0 "o ( ! greate/ arti/s _! c\ntry _h produc$4 ,we d n "k = c]ta9 :]e or :5 ,john ,coz5s 0 born nor :5 he di$4 ,roget says he 8appe>s to h be5 born abroad :5 8 p>5t 0 giv+ lessons 9 ,ba?10 b he gives no au?ority = ! /atem5t1 & s f> z ,i "k x has n be5 v]ifi$4 ,! be/ evid5ce = ! date ( 8 bir? seems to be ,leslie's /atem5t t he once saw a small p5-draw+ on :i* 0 writt51 8,done by ,j4 ,coz5s1 #agfa1 :5 n9e ye>s ( age40 ,if ! date is correct ,coz5s 0 only fifte5 :5 he began to exhibit at ! ,society ( ,arti/s4 ,con/able /at$ t ,coz5s di$ 9 #agif1 b mo/ ( ! au?orities give ! date z #agii4 ,t ! arti/ 0 mode/ & unobtrusive1 l 8 draw+s1 we may feel sure4 ,z ,leslie wrote1 8,s mode/ & unobtrusive are ! beauties ( 8 draw+s t y might pass !m )\t notice1 = ! pa9t] himself nev] says #8,look at ?is1 or t1' he tru/s implicitly to y\r own ta/e & feel+2 & 8 works are full ( half-conceal$ beauties su* z ,nature h]self %[s b coyly1 & ^! are (t5 ! mo/ fleet+ appe>ances ( light4 ,n t 8 /yle is )\t emphasis1 = !n x w\ld be insipid1 :i* x nev] is1 nor ev] 9 ! lea/ commonplace40 ,con/able 0 "o ( ! fir/ to realize ,coz5s's true greatness4 8,coz5s10 he said1 8is all poetry10 & on ano!r occasion he r %ock$ ,leslie by ass]t+ t ,coz5s 0 8! greate/ g5ius t ev] t\*$ l&scape40 ,yet ?is ass]tion conta9s no?+ b ! pla9 tru?4 ,g5ius is ! only ^w we c use to describe ! int5se conc5tration ( m9d & feel+ :i* inspires ,coz5s's "w4 ,to ! analytic eye 8 draw+s are baffl+ & bewild]+ 9 ! extreme2 x is impossible to f9d a trace ( clev]ness or consci\s artifice 9 !m4 ,!y make y feel t y are look+ at ! "w ( a somnambuli/ or ( "o :o has pa9t$ 9 a trance4 ,!y are1 ,i believe1 ! mo/ incorporeal pa9t+s :i* h be5 produc$ 9 ! ,we/]n _w1 = ! pa9t & ! execution seem to c\nt = s little & ! p]sonal inspiration = s mu*4 ,! pa9t]'s g5ius seems to speak to y direct1 & to impress & ov]awe y )\t ! help ( any int]m$i>y4 ,9 ?is respect ,coz5s is q diff]5t f ,turn]4 ,ev5 :5 he tru/$ mo/ implicitly to 8 g5ius ,turn] 0 always ! great arti/1 ! great col\ri/1 ! incomp>able ma/] ( 8 te*nique :atev] m$ium he 0 work+ 94 ,beyond ! %e] beauty ( 8 simple wa%es ( transp>5t col\r !re is h>dly a s+le te*nical or executive m]it 9 ,coz5s's draw+s t "o c s+le out = praise or ev5 = notice4 ,_! haunt+ beauty & incomp>able p[] are spiritual1 n mat]ial4 ,& z we c ?9k ( a _s too pure & f9e to inhabit a gross body l our own1 s ,coz5s seems to be a g5ius too spiritual = =m & col\r & ! palpable artifices ( repres5tation4 ,c]ta9ly no ,engli% arti/ reli$ m s]5ely & confid5tly on 8 g5ius1 & subdu$ 8 art m absolutely to spiritual purposes4 ,& ?is is :at ,i ?9k ,con/able meant :5 he call$ ,coz5s 8! greate/ g5ius t ev] t\*$ l&scape02 he did n say t he 0 ! greate/ arti/4 ,z "o ( our illu/rations we reproduce ! draw+ ,lake ,albano & ,ca/el ,g&olfo by ,coz5s 7,plate ,i7 9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,c4 ,morl& ,agnew4 ,,?omas ,,girt9 ,born 9 ,s\?w>k1 #agge2 appr5tic$ to ,edw>d ,dayes2 fir/ engrav+s aft] 8 draw+s publi%$ 9 8,copp] ,plate ,magaz9e10 #agic2 sket*+ t\rs1 9 ! ,midl&s 7,li*field1 etc471 #agid1 ,k5t & ,sussex #agie1 ,york%ire & ,scotl& #agif1 ,devon%ire #agig1 ,wales #agih1 ,york%ire & ,scotl& #agii2 8,girt9's ,sket*+ ,society0 e/abli%$1 #agii2 m>ri$1 #ahjj2 w5t to ,p>is1 ,nov4 #ahja1 & return$ to ,engl&1 ,may #ahjb2 8 ,eidometropolis1 or ,great ,panorama ( ,london1 exhibit$ at ,spr+ ,g>d5s1 ,augu/1 #ahjb2 di$ ,nov4 #i1 #ahjb2 engrav+s ( 8 views ( ,p>is publi%$ %ortly aft] 8 dea?4 ,,exhibit$3 ,royal ,academy1 #agid1 '#ie1 '#ig-ahja4 ,,works ,,9 ,,public ,,gall]ies3 ,v4 & ,a4 ,museum 7,wat]-,col\rs72 ,briti% ,museum2 ,national ,gall]ies ( ,scotl& & ,irel&2 ,man*e/] ,:itwor? ,in/itute2 ,a%molean & ,fitzwilliam ,museums2 ,oldham ,art ,gall]y 7,*>les ,e4 ,lees' ,collection74 ,,biographical ,,& ,,critical ,,s\rces3 ,edw>ds's 8,anecdotes02 ,dayes' 8,pr(essional ,sket*es02 ,r$grave's 8,c5tury0 & 8,diction>y02 ,b4,f4,a4 ,club's ,catalogue1 #ahge2 ,roget's 8,hi/ory02 ,b9yon's 8,life & ,works10 #aijj2 ,walpole ,society's ,vols4 ,,ii4 & ,v4 ,,reproductions3 ,b9yon's 8,life02 ,monkh\se's1 ,f9b]g's1 ,hughes's1 ,lytton's1 & ,ri*'s works already cit$2 ,,! ,,/udio 7,c5t5>y ( ,?omas ,girt9 ,numb]71 ,nov4 #aijb2 ,,! ,,/udio1 ,may #aiaf2 ,walpole ,society's ,vols4 ,,ii4 & ,v4 ,comp>$ ) ,john ,coz5s's "w ,girt9's appe>s (t5 self-consci\s & artificial4 ,8 draw+s 7 admir$ by 8 contempor>ies *iefly on acc\nt ( _! /yle2 ref]5ces to ! 8sword-play0 ( 8 p5cil1 ! boldness & swiftness ( 8 wa%es1 con/antly recur 9 _! eulogies ( 8 "w4 ,girt9 0 ne>ly always a /yli/1 & (t5 a mann]i/4 ,b 8 /yle1 at its be/1 is s ?or\ghly 9 keep+ ) ! _s ( 8 "w t x is difficult to sep>ate ! two4 ,8 love ( ! sweep+ l9es ( ! op5 moorl& & 8 passion = height & space appeal irresi/ibly to our imag9ation1 :ile ! broad simplicity ( 8 vision1 8 re/ra9$ & tru?ful col\r1 & 8 frank1 bold1 decisive h&l+ seem ! only adequate means by :i* 8 inspiration c\ld f9d cle> & au?oritative expression4 ,we mu/ rememb]1 too1 t ,girt9 di$ at ! age ( tw5ty-sev54 ,! k ( 8 e>ly & untimely dea? int5sifies our admiration = all he did2 :ile ! few supreme ma/]pieces ( poetical l&scape he has left u1 l ! ,pl9limmon1 %[ cle>ly :at our national art lo/ by ! trag$y ( 8 e>ly dea?4 ,girt9 seems to h ma/]$ 8 art z ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son ma/]$ 81 by 8play+ ! s$ul\s ape0 to ! m5 he admir$4 ,!re are n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum copies he made aft] ,antonio ,canal1 ,piranesi1 ,he>ne1 ,m>l[1 & ,morl&4 ,( ^! ma/]s ,canal seems to h impress$ & taught him mo/4 ,! spaci\sness & bread? ( effect ( all 8 topographical "w are cle>ly ! outcome ( 8 admiration = ,canal's draw+s & pa9t+s4 ,! calligraphic quality ( 8 l9e "w1 :at has be5 call$ ! 8sword-play0 ( 8 p5cil1 is also due to ! same influ5ce4 ,8 e>li] draw+s1 made ab\t #agib & #agic1 71 h[ev]1 modell$ on ! /yle ( 8 ma/]1 ,edw>d ,dayes4 ,! draw+s he made aft] ,james ,moore's sket*es--( :i* sev]al h be5 rec5tly acquir$ by ! ,a%molean ,museum--might easily be mi/ak5 = ,dayes' "w4 ,!y only diff] 9 be+ m accompli%$ & workmanlike ?an ^? :i* 8 ma/] made = ! same patron1 & 9 _! delib]ate avoidance ( ! d>k 8rep\ssoir0 ( :i* ,dayes 0 s fond 9 8 =egr\nds--an avoidance :i* gives ,girt9's draw+s a great] unity & a m decorative effect ?an ^? ( ,dayes4 ,by ab\t #agie ,girt9's real /yle began to ass]t itself1 9 draw+s l ^? ( ,li*field & ,pet]bor\gh ,ca!drals4 ,f ?is "t we f9d him p\r+ =? an abundance ( sup]b topographical subjects in/9ct ) /yle & ennobl$ ) poetry & imag9ation--draw+s l ,rievaulx ,abbey 7#agih71 9 ! ,v4 & ,a4 ,museum1 ,c>n>von ,ca/le1 & ,! ,old ,ouse ,bridge1 ,york1 bo? 9 ! possession ( 8 great-gr&son1 ,mr4 ,?omas ,girt94 ,! noble /udies = 8 ,panorama ( ,london 7made probably 9 #ahja71 8 ,l9disf>ne 78#agig7 & ,bridgnor? 7#ahjb71 are =tunately 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! draw+s he made on 8 return f ,p>is1 dur+ ! la/ sad mon?s ( 8 fa/-ebb+ life--draw+s l ! ,porte ,/4 ,d5is--are among/ ! mo/ sup]b ( 8 spl5did productions4 ,i w close ^! brief & inadequate rem>ks by copy+ out two adv]tisem5ts connect$ ) ,girt9's 8,panorama0 :i* ,i believe h n be5 pr9t$ or ref]r$ to by any "o ( ! writ]s on 8 life & "w4 ,! fir/ appe>$ 9 8,! ,times0 on ,augu/ #bg1 #ahjb4 ,x runs z foll[s3 8,eidometropolis1 or ,great ,panoramic ,picture ( ,london1 ,we/m9/]1 & ,environs1 n[ exhibit+ at ! ,great ,room1 ,spr+ ,g>d5s1 ,admission #as4 ,t4 ,girt9 returns 8 mo/ grateful ?anks to a g5]\s ,public = ! enc\ragem5t giv5 to 8 ,exhibition1 & z x has be5 conceiv$ to be m]ely a ,picture fram$1 he fur!r begs leave to reque/ ( ! ,public to notice t x is ,panoramic1 & f its magnitude1 :i* conta9s #aidd squ>e feet1 gives e object ! appe>ance ( be+ ! size ( nature4 ,! situation is s *os5 z to %ew to ! greate/ advantage ! ,?ames1 ,som]set ,h\se1 ! ,temple ,g>d5s1 all ! ,*ur*es1 ,bridges1 pr9cipal ,build+s1 c41 ) ! surr\nd+ c\ntry to ! remote/ di/ance1 int]sp]s$ ) a v>iety ( objects *>act]i/ic ( ! great ,metropolis4 ,8 views ( ,p>is1 et*$ by himself1 are 9 great =w>dness1 & to be se5 ) ! ,picture z above40 ,! second notice is z foll[s3 8,?ursday1 #aa ,nov41 #ahjb4 ,! ,public are mo/ respectfully in=m$ t 9 consequ5ce ( ! decease ( ,mr4 ,?omas ,girt91 8 ,panorama ( ,london exhibit+ at ,spr+ ,g>d5s1 w be %ut till aft] 8 int]m5t1 :5 x w be re-op5$ = ! b5efit ( 8 wid[ & *ildr51 "u ! managem5t ( 8 bro!r1 ,mr4 ,john ,girt940 ,z an example ( ,girt9's "w we reproduce ,! ,valley ( ! ,aire ) ,kirk/all ,abbey 7,plate ,,ii71 f ,mr4 ,?omas ,girt9's collection4 ,,joseph ,,mallord ,,william ,,turn] ,born 9 ,maid5 ,lane1 ,cov5t ,g>d51 #bc ,april1 #agge2 work$ 9 ,life ,academy1 ,r4,a4 s*ools1 #agib-agii2 ,a4,r4,a41 #agii1 ,r4,a4 #ahjb2 fir/ t\r on ,cont95t1 #ahjb2 fir/ "p ( 8,lib] ,/udiorum0 issu$1 #ahjg2 ,pr(essor ( ,p]spective1 ,r4,a41 #ahjg-ahcg2 ,cross+ ! ,brook exhibit$ #ahae2 publi%$ 8,s\!rn ,coa/0 s]ies ( engrav+s1 #ahad-ahbf1 8,views 9 ,sussex10 #ahaf-ahbj1 ,hakewill's 8,italy10 #ahah-ahbj1 8,ri*mond%ire10 #ahah-ahbc1 8,prov9cial ,antiquities ( ,scotl&10 #ahai-ahbf1 8,engl& & ,wales10 #ahbg-ahch1 ,rog]s's 8,italy10 #ahcj1 & 8,poems10 #ahcd1 8,riv]s ( ,france10 #ahcc-ahce2 exhibit$ ,ra91 ,/eam1 & ,spe$1 #ahdd2 di$ ,dec4 #ah1 #ahea4 ,,exhibit$3 ,royal ,academy1 #agij-ahjd1 '#jf-'bj1 '#bb1 '#bc1 '#be-'dg1 '#di1 '#ej2 ,briti% ,in/itution1 #ahjf1 '#h1 '#i1 '#ad1 '#ag1 '#ce-'da1 '#df2 ,society ( ,briti% ,arti/s1 #ahcc1 '#cd2 ,in/itution = ,enc4 ( ,f4,a41 ,ed9burgh1 #ahbd2 ,cooke's ,exhibitions1 #ahbb-'bd2 ,nor!rn ,academy ( ,arts1 ,newca/le1 #ahbh2 ,r4 ,birm+ham ,s4 ( ,arti/s1 #ahbi1 '#cj1 '#cd1 '#ce1 '#dg2 ,liv]pool ,academy1 #ahca1 '#de2 ,r4 ,man*e/] ,in/itution1 #ahcd1 '#ce2 ,le$s ,exhibition1 #ahci4 ,,works ,,9 ,,public ,,gall]ies3 ,national ,gall]y2 ,v4 & ,a4 ,museum2 ,briti% ,museum2 ,national ,gall]ies ( ,irel& & ,scotl&2 ,a%molean & ,fitzwilliam ,museums2 ,man*e/] ,:itwor? ,in/itute2 ,bury ,art ,gall]y1 etc4 etc4 ,,biographical ,,& ,,critical ,,s\rces3 ,pet] ,cunn+ham's ,memoir1 9 ,john ,burnet's 8,turn] & 8 ,works10 #aheb2 ,al>ic ,watts's ,memoir1 9 8,lib] ,fluviorum10 #ahec2 ,rusk9's 8,mod]n ,pa9t]s0 & 8,pret]ita02 ,?ornbury's 8,life1 etc410 #b vols41 #ahfb2 ,ham]ton's 8,life10 #ahgi2 ,monkh\se's 8,turn]0 79 8,great ,arti/s ,s]ies071 #ahhb2 ,c4 ,f4 ,bell's 8,exhibit$ ,works ( ,turn]10 #aija2 ,sir ,walt] ,arm/rong's 8,turn]10 #aijb2 ,f9b]g's 8,turn]'s ,sket*es & ,draw+s10 #aiaj2 etc4 etc4 ,,reproductions3 ,arm/rong's 8,turn]02 ,w$more's 8,turn] & ,rusk902 8,! ,g5ius ( ,turn]0 7,,! ,,/udio ,special ,numb]1 #aijc72 8,hidd5 ,treasures at ! ,national ,gall]y10 #aije2 8,! ,wat]-,col\rs ( ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turn]0 7,,! ,,/udio ,spr+ ,numb]1 #aiji72 8,turn]'s ,wat]-,col\rs at ,f>nley ,hall0 7,,! ,,/udio ,special ,numb]1 #aiab72 ,walpole ,society's ,vols4 ,i41 ,,iii41 & ,,vi4 ,turn]'s fir/ exhibit$ wat]-col\r1 a ,view ( ! ,ar*bi%op's ,palace1 ,lambe? 7#agij71 is a poor imitation ( ,malton's lea/ inspir$ topographical draw+s4 ,b he le>n$ quickly4 ,8 ,inside ( ,t9t]n ,abbey1 7#agid7 %[s t be=e he 0 tw5ty he c\ld draw & pa9t ,go?ic ar*itecture bett] ?an any ( ! old] topographical arti/s4 ,8 pre-em95ce z a topographical draughtsman 0 firmly e/abli%$ by #agig1 :5 he _h pa9t$ su* works z ! ,l9coln ,ca!dral 7#agie71 ,ll&aff ,ca!dral 7#agif71 ,we/m9/] ,abbey3 ,/4 ,erasmus & ,bi%op ,islip's ,*apel 7#agif71 & ,wolv]hampton 7#agif74 ,f #agif to #ahjd ,turn]'s /yle *ang$1 *iefly "u ! influ5ce ( ,ri*>d ,wilson's works1 :i* he /udi$ & copi$ dilig5tly4 ,^! ye>s saw ! production ( ,norham ,ca/le 7#agih71 ,w>kwor? ,ca/le 7#agii71 ,ed9burgh1 f ,calton ,hill 7#ahjd71 ,! ,great ,fall ( ! ,rei*5ba* 7done 9 #ahjd1 b n exhibit$ till #ahae71 & ! wond]ful sket*es 9 ! ,alps1 ,blair's ,hut1 ,/4 ,go?>d1 etc4 7#ahjb74 ,9 ^! en]getic & p[]ful draw+s he aims at gett+ dep? & ri*ness ( tone & col\r4 ,f #ahjd to #ahae 8 en]gies 7 ma9ly direct$ to ! production ( 8 great sea-pa9t+s1 ,! ,%ipwreck1 ,spi!ad1 etc41 8 lovely ,engli% l&scapes l ,ab+don1 ,w9dsor1 ,! ,fro/y ,morn+1 & ,cross+ ! ,brook1 & to mak+ ! designs 9 sepia = 8 8,lib] ,/udiorum0 & help+ to engrave ! plates4 ,8 wat]-col\rs dur+ ^! ye>s 7 n num]\s1 b !y include ,sc>bor\gh ,t[n & ,ca/le 7#ahaa71 ,! ,/rid 7ab\t #ahaa71 ,bolton ,abbey f ! ,s\? 7ab\t #ahab71 all ?ree at ,f>nley ,hall1 ,mr4 ,morl& ,agnew's ,sc>bor\gh 7#ahaj71 ,sc5e on ! ,riv] ,tavey 7#ahac7--;call$ by ,mr4 ,rusk9 ,pigs 9 ,sun%9e1 n[ 9 ! ,rusk9 ,s*ool at ,ox=d1 & ! ,malham ,cove 7ab\t #ahae71 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,salt+ ,beque/74 ,9 ^! draw+s ! capacities ( wat]-col\r are n =c$ s mu* into rivalry ) ! dep? & p[] ( oil pa9t+ z 9 ^? ( ! #agig-ahjd p]iod4 ,ab\t #ahab or #ahac ,turn] began mak+ ! draw+s :i* 7 engrav$ & publi%$ 9 ,cooke's 8,picturesque ,views ( ! ,s\!rn ,coa/ ( ,engl&40 ,betwe5 #ahae & #ahdj ne>ly all 8 "w 9 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iv4 7,9 ! possession ( ,j4 ,f4 ,s*wann1 ,esq47 8,,launce/on40 ,,by ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,,turn]1 ,r4,a4 wat]-col\r 0 done to be engrav$ & publi%$ 9 simil> und]tak+s4 ,turn]'s fame z a wat]-col\r pa9t] re/$ dur+ 8 lifetime *iefly on ^! draw+s4 ,among !m are _m ( ! mo/ beautiful works :i* h ev] be5 produc$ 9 ?is m$ium4 ,x is a pity1 !re=e1 t !y are n m adequately repres5t$ 9 our public gall]ies4 ,?is rem>k applies p>ticul>ly to ! draw+s 9 transp>5t col\r 7l ! ,launce/on1 = in/ance1 :i* is "h reproduc$1 ,plate ,,iv71 = ^? 9 body-col\r--! 8,riv]s ( ,france0--are ne>ly all ei!r 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,a%molean or ,fitzwilliam ,museums4 ,b ) ! exception ( ,hornby ,ca/le 7,v4 ,a4 ,museum7 & mo/ ( ! orig9als ( ! 8,riv]s0 & 8,ports ( ,engl&0 s]ies 79 ! ,national ,gall]y71 ne>ly all ,turn]'s draw+s made = ! engrav]s are 9 private collections4 ,we may p]haps all[ ourselves to hope t "s "t 9 ! future a sep>ate gall]y may be f\nd$ to d ju/ice to ,briti% wat]-col\rs1 9 :i* su* draw+s w\ld h to be prop]ly repres5t$4 ,aft] ab\t #ahdj ,turn] only work$ 9 wat]-col\rs = 8 own pleasure & = t ( a small circle ( fri5ds & admir]s4 ,! draw+s made = 8 own pleasure are n[ ne>ly all 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 :]e !y h nev] be5 prop]ly exhibit$ & :]e mo/ ( !m _c be se5 by ! public4 ,^! =m$ "p ( ! ,turn]s :i* ! ,tru/ees want$ to sell ab\t a ye> ago4 ,! draw+s made = 8 fri5ds & admir]s include ! ,con/ance1 ,luc]ne1 & o!rs ( :at h be5 call$ 8,! ,epilogue0 draw+s4 ,! public is able to cat* glimpses ( ^! occasionally at loan exhibitions & 9 auction rooms4 ,,john ,,sell ,,cotman ,born at ,norwi*1 ,may #af1 #aghb2 w5t to ,london1 #agih2 ga9$ prize = a draw+ f ! ,society ( ,arts1 #ahjj2 return$ to ,norwi*1 #ahjf1 & op5$ a s*ool = draw+ & design2 m>ri$1 #ahji2 publi%$ a s]ies ( et*+s1 #ahaa1 & became presid5t ( ! ,norwi* ,society ( ,arti/s2 publi%$ 8,norman & ,go?ic ,ar*itecture10 #ahag1 & 8,ar*itectural ,antiquities ( ,norm&y10 #ahbb2 ,associate1 ,society ( ,pa9t]s 9 ,wat]-,col\rs1 #ahbe2 appo9t$ ,pr(essor ( ,draw+ at ,k+'s ,college1 ,london1 #ahcd1 ma9ly ?r\gh ,turn]'s influ5ce2 publi%$ 8 8,lib] ,/udiorum10 #ahch2 di$ ,july #bd1 #ahdb4 ,,exhibit$3 ,royal ,academy1 #ahjj-'jf2 ,associat$ ,arti/s1 #ahaj1 '#aa2 ,society ( ,pa9t]s 9 ,wat]-,col\rs1 #ahbe1 '#bf1 '#bh-'ci2 ,society ( ,briti% ,arti/s1 #ahch2 ,norwi* ,society ( ,arti/s1 #ahjg-'ab1 '#ae1 '#ah1 '#bj1 '#ba1 '#bc1 '#bd2 ,norfolk & ,suffolk ,in/itution1 #ahbh-'cc4 ,,works ,,9 ,,public ,,gall]ies3 ,national ,gall]y 7an oil-pa9t+72 ,v4 & ,a4 ,museum 7,wat]-,col\rs72 ,briti% ,museum2 ,national ,gall]ies ( ,scotl& & ,irel&2 ,norwi* ,ca/le ,museum2 ,man*e/] ,:itwor? ,in/itute1 etc4 ,,biographical ,,& ,,critical ,,s\rces3 ,memoir 9 catalogue ( ,norwi* ,art ,circle's exhibition ( ,cotman's works1 ,july #ahhh2 ,laur5ce ,b9yon's 8,crome & ,cotman0 7,portfolio ,monograph71 #ahig1 & 8,cotman0 9 8,ma/]s ( ,engli% ,l&scape ,pa9t+0 7,,! ,,/udio ,summ] ,numb]1 #aijc74 ,,reproductions3 ,! ?ree works cit$ above1 & hi/ories ( ,briti% wat]-col\r pa9t+ by ,monkh\se1 ,f9b]g1 etc41 already cit$4 ,cotman is ! greate/ ( all ! ,engli% wat]-col\r pa9t]s born aft] ,turn]4 ,he is ! only "o ( !m ^: works c be put beside ,turn]'s & judg$ on a foot+ ( equality4 ,:5 we comp>e ,pr\t1 ,cox1 ,de ,w9t1 & ev5 ,bon+ton1 ) ,turn] we feel t !y mu/ be judg$ by "s less exact+ /&>d ?an t :i* we apply to ,turn]4 ,?is is n ! case ) ,cotman4 ,he _h n ! wid? & range1 ! abundance & all-conqu]+ p[] ( ,turn]1 b )9 8 own limits he is e :it z unapproa*able4 ,cotman 0 a memb] ( ,girt9's sket*+ club1 & x is evid5t t ,girt9's influ5ce c\nt$ = mu* 9 8 e>ly "w4 ,f ,girt9 he le>n$ to rely fir/ & =emo/ ^u full-bodi$ wa%es ( col\r plac$ exactly :]e !y 7 want$ & left to dry j z !y _h fl[$ f ! bru%4 ,cotman's q e>ly works c easily be mi/ak5 = poor draw+s by ,girt9 or ,francia4 ,b 9 ! draw+s produc$ betwe5 #ahjc & #ahag1 we f9d t he 0 n satisfi$ to pa9t1 l ! old] m51 9 8 /udio ^u an arbitr>ily *os5 =mula ( col\r+4 ,9 a lett] writt5 to ,dawson ,turn] on ,nov4 #cj1 #ahje1 he speaks ( 8 summ] sket*+ t\r to ,york & ,durham1 & adds1 8,my *ief /udy has be5 col\r+ f ,nature1 _m ( :i* are close copies ( t full ,dame40 ,we see "o ( ! results ( ^! /udies 9 :at is p]haps 8 e>lie/ ma/]piece1 ! ,greta ,bridge1 ,york%ire 7#ahjf71 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,its col\r-s*eme is z orig9al z x is beautiful4 ,! col\r+ is 8natural10 b x is ,nature simplifi$ to a sy/em ( h>moni\sly col\r$ spaces1 9 :i* light & %ade & modell+ are sugge/$ r ?an r5d]$4 ,! di/9ctive peculi>ity ( ! workman%ip ( ?is1 z inde$ ( all ,cotman's draw+s1 is 8 reliance on ! cle> /a9 or ri* blott+ ( ! col\r on pap] pres]v$ 9 all its fre%ness4 ,! aims ( repres5tation are =c$ s mu* into ! backgr\nd t ! arti/ seems to be ma9ly int5t on ! discov]y & display ( 8! beauty native & cong5ial0 to 8 mat]ials4 ,mr4 ,b9yon has drawn att5tion to ! unconsci\s simil>ity ( ,cotman's me?ods & aims to ^? ( ! great s*ools ( ,*9a & ,japan ( m ?an a ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,among ! bett]-kn[n ( ,cotman's draw+s ( ?is p]iod we may m5tion ! ,twick5ham 7#ahjg71 ,tr5?am ,*ur* 7ab\t #ahji71 ,dra9+ ,mill1 ,l9coln%ire 7#ahaj71 & ,m\sehold ,hea? 7#ahaj72 ^! are all reproduc$ 9 8,ma/]s ( ,engli% ,l&scape ,pa9t+0 7,,! ,,/udio ,summ] ,numb]1 #aijc71 9 :i* ,mr4 ,b9yon's illum9at+ essay 0 publi%$4 ,! beautiful draw+ ( ,kirkham ,abbey1 ,york%ire1 "h reproduc$ 7,plate ,,iii7 by ! c\rtesy ( ,messrs4 ,j4 ,pals] ,sons1 is an admirable example ( ,cotman's wond]ful ma/]y 9 ! use ( decid$ wa%es ( pure col\r4 ,9 #ahag ,cotman made 8 fir/ visit to ,norm&y1 & aft] ?is date 8 col\r becomes w>m]1 bright]1 & m arbitr>y4 ,aft] ab\t #ahbe he indulges himself freely 9 ! use ( ! /rong prim>y col\rs1 influ5c$ probably by ,turn]'s d>+ *romatic exp]im5ts4 ,,david ,,cox ,born at ,d]it5d1 ,birm+ham1 ,april #bi1 #aghc2 sc5e-pa9t] 9 ,london1 #ahjd2 ,presid5t ( ! 8,associat$ ,arti/s10 #ahaj2 memb] ( ! ,society ( ,pa9t]s 9 ,wat]-,col\rs1 #ahac2 draw+-ma/] at ,h]e=d1 #ahad-ahbf2 publi%$ 8,treatise on ,l&scape ,pa9t+10 #ahad1 8,lessons 9 ,l&scape10 #ahaf1 8,"y ,arti/s' ,companion10 #ahbe1 etc42 took lessons 9 oil pa9t+ f ,w4 ,j4 ,mll]1 #ahci2 remov$ to neighb\rhood ( ,birm+ham1 #ahda1 visit+ ,bettws-y-,co$ ye>ly1 #ahdd-ahef2 di$ ,june #g1 #ahei4 ,,exhibit$3 ,royal ,academy1 #ahje-'jh2 '#bg-'bi1 '#dc1 '#dd2 ,associat$ ,arti/s1 #ahji-'ab2 ,society ( ,pa9t]s 9 ,wat]-,col\rs1 #ahac-'af1 '#ah-'ei2 ,briti% ,in/itution1 #ahad1 '#bh1 '#dc2 ,society ( ,briti% ,arti/s1 #ahda1 '#db4 ,,works ,,9 ,,public ,,gall]ies3 ,national ,gall]y2 ,v4 & ,a4 ,museum 7,wat]-,col\rs72 ,briti% ,museum2 ,national ,gall]ies ( ,scotl& & ,irel&2 ,birm+ham ,art ,gall]y2 ,man*e/] ,:itwor? ,in/itute2 ,glasg[1 ,man*e/]1 ,bury1 ,nott+ham ,art ,gall]ies1 etc4 ,,biographical ,,& ,,critical ,,s\rces3 8,memoir ( ! ,life ( ,david ,cox10 by ,n4 ,neal ,solly1 #ahge2 ,w$more's 8,/udies 9 ,engli% ,art10 #bnd s]ies4 ,,reproductions3 ,solly's 8,memoir02 ,ma/]s ( ,engli% ,l&scape ,pa9t+ 7,,! ,,/udio ,summ] ,numb]1 #aijc72 8,draw+s ( ,david ,cox0 7,newnes's 8,mod]n ,ma/] ,draughtsm50 ,s]ies74 ,x 0 n till ab\t #ahdj1 :5 he 0 fifty-sev5 ye>s ( age1 t ,cox manag$ to break free f ! drudg]y ( tea*+4 ,?is drudg]y dur+ ! great] "p ( 8 life und\bt$ly ex]cis$ a mis*iev\s effect ^u 8 art4 ,besides wa/+ s mu* ( 8 "t1 & ?us prev5t+ him f attempt+ works :i* requir$ su/a9$ ef=ts1 x =c$ him to develop a me*anical & facile dext]ity ( /yle4 ,he got into ! habit ( 8sli!r+0 ov] ! individual =ms ( objects1 mak+ 8 rocks & trees z r\nd$ & %apeless z 8 cl\ds1 9 a way t irritates any "o :o has le>n$ to use 8 eyes4 ,!re is "s tru? 9 ,john ,brett's rem>k t 8! daubs & blots ( t fam\s sket*] 7,david ,cox7 7 j def9ite en\gh to sugge/ 444 ! mo/ sup]ficial aspects ( ?+s10 ?\gh x may h be5 prompt$ by envy & exasp]ation4 ,cox's reputation n[adays re/s to a l>ge ext5t on ! draw+s he made aft] #ahdj4 ,hayfield ) ,figures1 ,! ,"y ,angl]s 7#ahdg71 ! ,wel% ,fun]al 7#ahej71 ,! ,*all5ge 7#ahec71 & ,sn[d5 f ,capel ,curig 7#aheh7 7 among ! f9e ?+s produc$ by ! gr& old arti/ dur+ ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life4 ,su* mov+ & p[]ful works are /amp$ ) ! s9c]ity1 simplicity1 & rugg$ dignity ( ,david ,cox's own "*4 ,,samuel ,,pr\t ,born at ,plym\?1 ,sep4 #ag1 #aghc2 settl$ 9 ,london1 #ahaa2 memb] ( ! ,society ( ,pa9t]s 9 ,wat]-,col\rs1 #ahai2 publi%$ 8,rudim5ts ( ,l&scape10 etc41 #ahac1 8,a ,new ,draw+ ,book = ! ,use ( ,beg9n]s10 #ahba1 & o!r draw+ books2 publi%$ li?ographs ( 8 ,cont95tal draw+s1 ,! ,rh9e1 #ahbd1 ,fl&]s & ,g]many1 #ahcc1 ,france1 ,switz]l&1 & ,italy1 ab\t #ahci2 di$ at ,d5m>k ,hill1 ,feb4 #aheb4 ,,exhibit$3 ,royal ,academy1 #ahjc-'je1 '#jh-'aj1 '#ab-'ad1 '#ag1 '#bf1 '#bg2 ,briti% ,in/itution1 #ahji-'aa1 '#af-'ah2 ,associat$ ,arti/s1 #ahaa1 '#ab2 ,society ( ,pa9t]s 9 ,wat]-,col\rs1 #ahae-'ea4 ,,works ,,9 ,,public ,,gall]ies3 ,national ,gall]y2 ,v4 & ,a4 ,museum 7,wat]-,col\rs72 ,briti% ,museum2 ,national ,gall]ies ( ,scotl& & ,irel&2 ,fitzwilliam & ,a%molean ,museums2 ,man*e/] ,:itwor? ,in/itute2 ,birm+ham1 ,man*e/]1 ,bury ,art ,gall]ies1 etc4 ,,biographical ,,& ,,critical ,,s\rces3 ,rusk91 9 8,art ,j\rnal10 #ahdi1 8,mod]n ,pa9t]s10 & 8,notes on ,s4 ,pr\t & ,w4 ,hunt02 ,roget's 8,hi/ory ( ! ,old ,wat]-,col\r ,society10 #ahia2 8,d4 ,n4 ,b410 8,sket*es by ,samuel ,pr\t0 7,,! ,,/udio ,w9t] ,numb]1 #aiad-'ae71 ) text by ,e4 ,g4 ,halton4 ,,reproductions3 ,rusk9's 8,notes10 etc41 #ahgi-'hj2 8,sket*es by ,samuel ,pr\t0 7,,! ,,/udio ,w9t] ,numb]1 #aiad-'ae74 ,up to #ahai ,pr\t's "w 0 conf9$ to ! mak+ ( ,engli% topographical draw+s & m>9e subjects4 ,!y %[ ,girt9's influ5ce ma9ly1 & !y are /olid1 heavy-h&$1 & r dull4 ,9 #ahai ,pr\t w5t to ,france1 & 9 #ahba to ,belgium & ! ,rh9e prov9ces4 ,! draw+s made f 8 sket*es appe>$ 9 ! exhibitions ( ! ,society ( ,pa9t]s 9 ,wat]-,col\rs & attract$ a great deal ( int]e/ & admiration1 p>tly on acc\nt ( _! novel subject-matt]--= ! public 0 beg9n+ to we>y ( ! numb]less views ( ,t9t]n ,abbey1 ,h>le*1 ,conway & ,c>n>von ,ca/les1 & o!r ,engli% subjects1 ) :i* x _h be5 surfeit$ dur+ ! prec$+ tw5ty ye>s--& p>tly on acc\nt ( ,pr\t's boldness ( mann] & m>k$ feel+ = ! picturesque4 ,hav+ /ruck ?is successful ve9 ( subject-matt] ,pr\t cont9u$ to "w x till ! end ( 8 life1 produc+ a great quantity ( wat]-col\rs ( ,cont95tal build+s1 all execut$ on ! same g5]al pr9ciples1 & sev]al s]ies ( admirable li?ographs f 8 sket*es & draw+s4 ,rusk9 lik$ ,pr\t & admir$ 8 "w inord9ately4 ,9 8,mod]n ,pa9t]s0 he calls him 8a v great man0--:i* is absurd--& says t 8 r5d]+ ( ! "* ( old build+s is 8z p]fect & z he>tfelt z ,i c conceive possible40 ,"s p may pref] ! build+s 9 ,turn]'s e>ly draw+s1 9 ,cotman's1 ,girt9's1 & ,bon+ton's works4 ,b ,pr\t's "w is uni=mly successful )9 its own limitations2 x is bold1 workmanlike1 & picturesque1 & its subject-matt] is full ( inexhau/ible int]e/ & delight4 ,,pet] ,,de ,,w9t ,born at ,/one1 ,/af=d%ire1 ,jan4 #ba1 #aghd2 appr5tic$ to ,john ,raphael ,smi?1 #ahjb2 /ud5t ,r4 ,a4 ,s*ools1 #ahji2 ,associate1 ,society ( ,pa9t]s 9 ,wat]-,col\rs1 #ahaj1 memb]1 #ahaa1 & #ahbe2 di$ at #dj ,upp] ,g[] ,/reet1 ,june #cj1 #ahdi4 ,,exhibit$3 ,royal ,academy1 #ahjg1 '#aa1 '#ac-'ae1 '#ai1 '#bj1 '#bh2 ,briti% ,in/itution1 #ahjh1 '#ac-'ag1 '#ba1 '#bd2 ,associat$ ,arti/s1 #ahjh1 '#ji2 ,society ( ,pa9t]s 9 ,wat]-,col\rs1 #ahaj-'ae1 '#be-'di4 ,,works ,,9 ,,public ,,gall]ies3 ,v4 & ,a4 ,museum 7,oil & ,wat]-,col\rs72 ,briti% ,museum2 ,national ,gall]ies ( ,scotl& & ,irel&2 ,man*e/] ,:itwor? ,in/itute2 ,birm+ham1 ,man*e/]1 ,glasg[1 ,bury1 ,norwi*1 ,nott+ham ,art ,gall]ies1 etc4 ,,biographical ,,& ,,critical ,,s\rces3 ,sir ,walt] ,arm/rong's 8,pet] ,de ,w9t10 #ahhh2 ,roget's 8,hi/ory10 etc42 8,d4 ,n4 ,b40 ,,reproductions3 ,arm/rong's 8,de ,w9t02 8,ma/]s ( ,engli% ,l&scape ,pa9t+0 7,,! ,,/udio ,special ,summ] ,numb]1 #aijc74 ,de ,w9t's "w may be describ$ z a cross betwe5 t ( ,girt9 & ,cotman4 ,girt9 0 8 fir/ s\rce ( inspiration4 ,f him he le>n$ ! value ( bread? ( effect & simplicity ( design4 ,f ,cotman he le>n$ to di/il 8 col\r h>monies f ,nature4 ,z a draughtsman he 0 less ( a mann]i/ ?an ,girt91 & he _h n ,cotman's m>vell\s feel+ = ! beauties ( ab/ract design4 ,de ,w9t _h ,dut* blood 9 8 ve9s1 & he _h a good deal ( ! ,dut*man's solidity ( "* & /olid realism4 ,8 draw+s always look l bits ( real life4 ,!y are ne>] to ! common exp]i5ce ( ,nature ?an ei!r ,turn]'s1 ,coz5s'1 ,girt9's1 or ,cotman's works4 ,b 8 homely realism is always re/ra9$ by 8 respect = ! m$ium he work$ 9 & by 8 innate s5se ( /yle4 ,8 "w is well repres5t$ 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum by draw+s l ,bray on ! ,?ames1 f ! ,t[+ ,pa?1 ,hayfield1 ,york%ire1 & ,we/morel& ,hills1 bord]+ ! ,k51 all l5t to t ,museum f ! ,national ,gall]y2 & ( 8 fam\s works 9 private collections we may m5tion ,cookham-on-,?ames1 rec5tly 9 ! ,bee*am ,collection1 ,! ,?ames f ,gre5wi* ,hill1 once 9 ! collection ( ,james ,orrock1 & ,ne> ,l[!r ,ca/le4 ,= all 8 8objectivity10 8 /ead9ess ( poise1 8 calm /r5g? ( "*1 ,de ,w9t's "w is int5sely p]sonal & orig9al4 ,! numb] ( admir]s ( 8 manly & felicit\s "w has /eadily increas$ s9ce 8 dea?1 & c only g on increas+ z ! public gets m opportunities ( see+ 8 noble works ) _! sup]b mosaic ( ri*1 deep1 & h>moni\s col\r4 ,,ri*>d ,,p>kes ,,bon+ton ,born at ,arnold1 ne> ,nott+ham1 ,octob] #be1 #ahjb2 receiv$ "s in/ruction f ,francia at ,calais1 #ahag2 /udi$ at ! ,l\vre & ,in/itute1 & "u ,b>on ,gros1 at ,p>is2 fir/ exhibit$ at ! ,salon1 #ahbb2 made li?ographs = ,b>on ,taylor's 8,voyages ,pittoresques dans l'anci5ne ,france10 8,vues ,pittoresques de l',ecosse0 7#ahbf7 & o!r works2 visit$ ,engl& ) ,delacroix1 #ahbe2 di$ dur+ a visit to ,engl&1 #ahbh4 ,,exhibit$3 ,salon 7,p>is71 #ahbb 7,wat]-,col\rs71 '#bd 7,wat]-,col\rs71 '#bg 7,oils & ,wat]-,col\rs72 ,royal ,academy1 #ahbg1 '#bh2 ,briti% ,in/itution1 #ahbf-'bi4 ,,works ,,9 ,,public ,,gall]ies3 ,l\vre2 ,national ,gall]y2 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y 7a small draw+ ( himself72 ,v4 & ,a4 ,museum 7,oil & ,wat]-,col\rs72 ,briti% ,museum2 ,wallace ,collection2 ,man*e/] ,:itwor? ,in/itute2 ,nott+ham1 ,birm+ham1 ,man*e/]1 & ,glasg[ ,art ,gall]ies2 ,national ,gall]y ( ,irel&4 ,,biographical ,,& ,,critical ,,s\rces3 8,annual ,regi/]0 & 8,g5tleman's ,magaz9e10 #ahbh2 ,cunn+ham's 8,lives10 etc42 ,r$grave's 8,diction>y02 ,,! ,,/udio1 ,nov4 #aijd2 ,catalogue ( ,bon+ton's ,li?ographs1 by ,aglas ,bonv5ne 7,p>is71 #ahgc2 8,influ5ce de ,bon+ton et de l',ecole ,anglaise sur la ,pe9ture de ,paysage en ,france10 by ,a4 ,dubuisson 7,walpole ,society's ,vol4 ,,ii474 ,,reproductions3 8,s]ies ( ,subjects f ,bon+ton's ,works10 li?ograph$ by ,j4 ,d4 ,h>d+ 7tw5ty-"o plates71 #ahbh2 ,monkh\se's & ,hughes's works cit$ above4 ,bon+ton 0 ! mo/ brilliant ( ! lat] s*ool ( topographical arti/s--^? :o us$ ! full res\rces ( wat]-col\r = ! production ( pictorial effects4 ,! draw+s he produc$ dur+ 8 %ort life--= he di$ at tw5ty-six1 may be divid$ into purely topographical subjects1 l ! ,/reet 9 ,v]ona 7,v4 & ,a4 ,museum72 riv] & coa/ sc5es1 l ! ,r\5 7,wallace ,collection72 & figure subjects1 9 :i* hi/orical co/ume play$ ! *ief "p1 l ! ,m$itation & sev]al o!r draw+s 9 ! ,wallace ,collection4 ,8 draw+s are amaz+ly dext]\s1 firm & l>ge 9 h&l+1 f9ely compos$1 & wond]fully ri* 9 tone & col\r4 ,8 influ5ce on ,engli% arti/s 0 consid]able1 p>ticul>ly on ,w4 ,j4 ,mll]1 ,t4 ,%ott] ,boys1 & ,william ,call[4 ,z he work$ mo/ly 9 ,p>is 8 be/ pa9t+s & draw+s are g5]ally to be f\nd 9 ! ,fr5* private collections4 ,t is probably :y he is bett] kn[n & m w>mly appreciat$ 9 ,france ?an 9 ,engl&4 ,an au?oritative book on ,bon+ton's life & "w is mu* ne$$4 ,j be=e ! w> broke out x 0 rum\r$ t a "w ( ?is k9d1 ! jo9t production ( ,monsieur ,a4 ,dubuisson & ,mr4 ,c4 ,e4 ,hughes1 0 ab\t to be publi%$ by ,mr4 ,john ,lane4 ,su* a "w w be d\bly welcome1 = x w help u to realize ! amaz+ quantity ( "w ,bon+ton manag$ to produce 9 8 %ort life1 & its wond]ful quality2 & x %\ld b5efit ,bon+ton's reputation by draw+ att5tion to ! l>ge numb] ( draw+s & pa9t+s to :i*1 9 our public & private collections1 8 "n is wrongly & ignorantly giv54 ,,myles ,,birket ,,fo/] ,born at ,nor? ,%ields1 ,febru>y #d1 #ahbe1 ( an old ,quak] ,family2 educat$ at ! ,quak] ,academy at ,hit*91 ,h]ts1 :]e he _h lessons f ,*>les ,p>ry1 ! draw+ ma/]2 appr5tic$ to ,eb5ez] ,l&ells1 ! wood-engrav]1 #ahda-ahdf2 engag$ *iefly on book-illu/ration till #aheh1 aft] t "t devot$ mo/ly to pa9t+2 ,associate 8,old0 ,wat]-,col\r ,society1 #ahfj1 memb]1 #ahfb2 pa9t$ 9 oils #ahfi-ahgg1 aft] :i* he ab&on$ x 9 fav\r ( wat]-col\rs2 di$ at ,weybridge1 ,m>* #bg1 #ahii4 ,,exhibit$3 ,royal ,academy1 #ahei1 '#fi-'gg1 '#ha2 ,society ( ,pa9t]s 9 ,wat]-,col\rs1 #ahfj-'ii2 ,society ( ,briti% ,arti/s1 #ahgf2 ,royal ,scotti% ,academy1 #ahga1 '#ge4 ,,works ,,9 ,,public ,,gall]ies3 ,national ,gall]y2 ,v4 & ,a4 ,museum 7,wat]-,col\rs72 ,birm+ham1 ,man*e/]1 & ,bury ,art ,gall]ies4 ,,biographical ,,& ,,critical ,,s\rces3 8,art ,annual10 #ahij2 8,a!num10 ,april #a1 #ahii2 8,d4 ,n4 ,b40 7,supplem5t72 8,birket ,fo/]10 by ,h4 ,m4 ,cundall1 #aijf4 ,,reproductions3 8,art ,annual10 #ahij2 ,cundall's 8,birket ,fo/]40 ,9 8 *oice ( subjects ,birket ,fo/] conf9$ himself g5]ally to roadside & woodl& sc5es1 & 9 ^! he s\ght prett9ess r ?an ! deep] & m pr(\ndly poetical emotions4 ,8 "w is neat & extraord9>ily accompli%$1 b 8 /yle be+ always ! same made its _m m]its seem me*anical & unfeel+4 ,unlike ! old] m5 he avoid$ ! use ( broad wa%es ( transp>5t col\r1 us$ body-col\r freely1 & f9i%$ 8 "w ) elaborate /ippl+s4 ,8 /&>d ( excessive f9i%1 8 g5]al me?ods ( "w & *oice ( subject-matt]1 7 viol5tly oppos$ to ^? ( ! y\ng] m5 :o came aft] him4 ,= ?is reason1 & also because ( ! great popul>ity he enjoy$1 ,birket ,fo/]'s "w has excit$ ! animosity ( 8sup]ior p]sons0 & /hetes4 ,b _! *eap & easy sne]s m]ely m>k ! inevitable reaction :i* foll[s a p]iod ( indiscrim9at+ praise4 ,d\btless ,birket ,fo/] 0 n ! great arti/ 8 contempor>ies ?\ght him to be4 ,b 8 "w mu/ figure 9 any well-balanc$ hi/ory ( ,briti% l&scape pa9t+1 if only because x expresses s fully & abundantly1 & ) s mu* te*nical success1 ! arti/ic ideals ( a l>ge "p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,b x also des]ves consid]ation = o!r reasons4 ,birket ,fo/]'s grace & prett9ess 7 ! results ( 8 s9c]e & unaffect$ love ( ! ord]l9ess & real beauty ( ! life ( ! ,engli% c\ntryside4 ,he _h a g5u9e affection = ! !mes he pa9t$1 & he pa9t$ !m 9 ! way he ?\ght be/4 ,fa%ions 9 te*nical matt]s *ange1 sl[ly p]haps b inevitably1 & ,i %all be v mu* surpris$ if ! future w n be readi] ?an we are to-day to give ,birket ,fo/]'s "w its due me$ ( affectionate admiration4 ,,alfr$ ,,william ,,hunt ,born 9 ,bold ,/reet1 ,liv]pool1 ,nov4 #ae1 #ahcj2 educat$ at ,liv]pool ,collegiate ,s*ool & at ,corpus ,*ri/i ,college1 ,ox=d1 :i* he ent]$ ) a s*ol>%ip1 #ahdh2 a fell[ ( ,corpus1 #ahec-ahfa2 ,associate ( ,liv]pool ,academy1 #ahed1 memb]1 #ahef2 ,associate ,society ( ,pa9t]s 9 ,wat]-,col\rs1 #ahfb1 memb]1 #ahfd2 di$ ,may #c1 #ahif4 ,,exhibit$3 ,royal ,academy1 #ahed1 '#ef1 '#eg1 '#ei-'fb1 '#gj-'ge1 '#gg1 '#gi-'hc1 '#he-'hh2 ,society ( ,pa9t]s 9 ,wat]-,col\rs1 #ahfj-'ic2 ,society ( ,briti% ,arti/s1 #ahdf1 '#ei1 '#fj1 '#gj1 '#gc1 '#gd2 ,grosv5or ,gall]y1 #ahhb1 '#hg2 ,new ,gall]y1 #ahhh1 '#ij2 ,portl& ,gall]y1 #ahed-'ef1 '#fj2 ,dudley ,gall]y 7,oil71 #ahgb4 ,,works ,,9 ,,public ,,gall]ies3 ,national ,gall]y2 ,v4 & ,a4 ,museum 7,wat]-,col\rs72 ,liv]pool1 ,glasg[1 & ,birm+ham ,art ,gall]ies4 ,,biographical ,,& ,,critical ,,s\rces3 8,a!num10 ,may #i1 #ahif2 ,catalogue ,b4 ,f4 ,a4 ,club's ,exhibition1 #ahig2 8,d4 ,n4 ,b40 7,supplem5t72 8,"o ,way ( ,art10 by ,violet ,hunt1 8,/4 ,george's ,review10 ,june #aijh4 ,,reproductions3 ,"o 9 8,! ,old ,wat]-,col\r ,society0 7,,! ,,/udio ,spr+ ,numb]1 #aije74 ,( all ! arti/s influ5c$ by ,rusk9's propag&a 9 fav\r ( ,naturalism ,alfr$ ,william ,hunt 0 probably ! mo/ s5sitive & ! mo/ poetical4 ,he 0 z ard5t a /ud5t ( 8natural facts0 z ,john ,brett1 ,holman ,hunt1 or any o!r ( ,rusk9's protgs1 b 8 "w 0 nev]1 l s mu* ( !irs1 m]ely lit]al & t$i\s4 ,8 works prove to demon/ration h[ little arti/ic !ories c\nt 9 det]m9+ ! value ( a "w ( art4 ,we "k ,rusk9's !ories ( realism 7 all wrong1 b ! s5sitiv5ess ( ,alfr$ ,hunt's n]ves1 ! int5sity & rightness ( 8 emotions1 r$eem$ 8 "w & gave x an inevitable /amp ( greatness4 ,9 ! absorb+ly int]e/+ acc\nt ( h] fa!r's me?ods ( "w contribut$ by ,miss ,violet ,hunt to 8,/4 ,george's ,review0 7#aijh7 ! dem&s made by 8 art on ! n]ves & "* ( ! arti/ are vividly describ$4 ,8 daught] tells u t %e has se5 8delicately /a9$ pieces ( ,:atman's ,imp]ial subject$ to ! mo/ murd]\s #8processes1' & yet come out alive 9 ! end40 ,hunt 8scrupl$ n to #8"w on ! feel+s ( ! pap]1' z 8 fri5d ,george ,b\ghton us$ to tell him1 8,he sev]ely spong$ x into submission2 he savagely scrap$ x into rawness & a fre% /ate ( sm>t+ receptivity4 ,yet "s ( ! draw+s t h suff]$ pe9e =te et dure are among ! mo/ *]i%$ assets ( c]ta9 private collectors1 su* z ,mr4 ,newall & ! late ,mr4 ,humphrey ,rob]ts40 ,! 8subtle f9i% & wat*fulness ( nature0 :i* ,rusk9 prais$ 9 ,hunt's "w 0 only ! raw mat]ial ( 8 art4 ,x 0 ! f]v\r & en]gy ) :i* he subdu$ 8 facts to a g5u9ely poetic unity ( feel+ & expression t make ,hunt's draw+s s significant & beautiful4 ,to-day ,hunt seems to be =gott5 by all b a small numb] ( admir]s1 b works l 8 ,durham ,mi/y ) ,colli]y ,smoke1 ,bambor\gh f ! ,s&s1 ,cl\d ,m>* at ,twilight1 & _m o!rs z poignant & z beautiful1 are suffici5t gu>antees t he w n always be neglect$4 ,,james ,,abbott ,mc,n,e,i,l,l ,,:i/l] ,born at ,l[ell1 ,massa*usetts1 ,july #aj1 #ahcd2 liv$ 9 ,russia1 #ahdc-'di2 /udi$ at ! ,milit>y ,academy1 ,we/ ,po9t1 #ahea-ahed2 engag$ on ,unit$ ,/ates coa/ & geodetic survey = ab\t a ye>2 w5t to ,p>is1 #ahee1 & /udi$ 9 ,gleyre's /udio2 publi%$ set ( ?irte5 et*+s--8,! ,fr5* ,set0--#aheh2 settl$ 9 ,london1 #ahfj2 publi%$ 8,! ,?ames0 set ( et*+s1 #ahga2 libel action aga9/ ,rusk91 #ahgh2 bankrupt1 #ahgi2 8,t5-o'clock0 lecture1 #ahhd2 portrait ( ,c>lyle b\ght = ,glasg[1 #ahia2 8,gr& ,prix0 = pa9t+1 & ano!r = engrav+1 at ,p>is exhibition1 #aijj2 di$ at #gd ,*eyne ,walk1 ,july #ag1 #aijc4 ,,exhibit$3 ,royal ,academy1 #ahei-'fe1 '#fg1 '#gj1 '#gb1 '#gi2 ,society ( ,briti% ,arti/s1 #ahhd-'hg2 ,grosv5or ,gall]y1 #ahgg-'gi1 '#ha-'hd2 ,dudley ,gall]y 7,oil71 #ahga-'gc1 '#ge2 ,dudley ,gall]y 7,black & ,:ite71 #ahgb1 '#gi1 '#hj2 ,society ( ,portrait ,pa9t]s1 #ahia-'ic2 ,royal ,scotti% ,academy1 #ahii1 #aija-'jd4 ,,works ,,9 ,,public ,,gall]ies3 ,national ,gall]y2 ,glasg[ ,art ,gall]y4 ,,biographical ,,& ,,critical ,,s\rces3 8,! ,art ( ,:i/l]10 by ,t4 ,r4 ,way & ,g4 ,r4 ,d5nis1 #aijc2 8,life ( ,:i/l]10 by ,e4 ,r4 & ,j4 ,p5nell1 #b vols41 #aijh2 8,memoirs ( ,:i/l]10 by ,t4 ,r4 ,way1 #aiab2 ,w$more's 8,:i/l]'s ,et*+s02 8,d4 ,n4 ,b40 7,supplem5t74 ,,reproductions3 ,! 8,:i/l] ,portfolio0 7,,! ,,/udio ,special ,publication1 #aijd72 ! mon?ly issues ( ,,! ,,/udio2 9 ,way's & ,p5nells' works cit$ above1 etc4 ,9 ,turn]'s & ,alfr$ ,hunt's works ! multitud9\s objects ( ,nature are subdu$ to poetical & decorative purposes *iefly by ! influ5ce ( ! atmosph]e4 ,b ?\gh subdu$ 9 ! f9al result ! facts 7 always vividly pres5t to ! m9ds ( ^! arti/s4 ,) ,:i/l] & all ^? :o l him 7 influ5c$ by ! !ories ( ,impressionism1 su* facts 7 less consid]$4 ,!y began ) ! /udy ( values & tones1 & reli$ almo/ entirely on ! ju/ness ) :i* ^! 7 r5d]$1 be+ cont5t ) a m]ely slight & grudg+ sugge/ion ( ! objects :i* 7 veil$ 9 _! envelopm5t ( atmosph]e4 ,! diff]5ce1 ,i admit1 is only "o ( degree4 ,b x acc\nts1 ,i ?9k1 = ! diff]5ce betwe5 a draw+ l ,:i/l]'s wat]-col\r ( ,london ,bridge 7reproduc$ 9 ,mr4 ,way's 8,! ,art ( ,james ,mc,neill ,:i/l]10 p4 #if7 &1 say1 ,alfr$ ,hunt's ,coa/ ,sc5e ne> ,:itby 7#ahgh74 ,! advantage ( ,:i/l]'s me?od ( approa* is t x ?r[s great] emphasis on ! decorative quality ( ! picture1 ! tones be+ capable ( treatm5t z a unity ( col\r h>monies--an advantage :i* ,:i/l] cle>ly realiz$ & dilig5tly exploit$4 ,x 0 n till ab\t #ahhj t ,:i/l] took up wat]-col\r pa9t+4 ,! ,london ,bridge ref]r$ to above 0 done soon aft] 8 return f ,v5ice4 ,he !n us$ ?is m$ium = "s f9e draw+s made 9 ! ,*annel ,isl&s1 & f "t to "t 9 v>i\s places 9 ,engl& & abroad1 *iefly at ,/4 ,ives & ,s\!nd4 ,x is almo/ unnecess>y to say t he us$ wat]-col\r ) ! same un]r+ ma/]y he display$ 9 8 et*+s & pa/els4 ,b ! curi\s w notice ! use he made 9 ne>ly all 8 wat]-col\rs ( ! grey und]pa9t+ :i* play$ su* an important "p 9 ! draw+s ( ! e>ly topograph]s4 ,he did n1 h[ev]1 use ?is grey und]pa9t+1 z !y did1 m]ely to e/abli% ! broad division ( light & %ade4 ,9 8 bold & skilful h&s x did m ?an ?is2 x =m$ ! unify+ elem5t--! gr\nd tone or h>mony--:i* knit toge!r ! lovely tones & col\rs :i* made 8 works s *>m+ & delightful to ! eye4 ,! influ5ce ( ,:i/l]'s me?ods & ideals is cle>ly m>k$ 9 ! works ( m5 l ,j4 ,buxton ,knight & ,c4 ,e4 ,holl[ay1 two arti/s :o produc$ a great] volume ( f9e "w 9 wat]-col\r ?an ,:i/l]4 ,we might h *os5 !m on ?is acc\nt to take 8 place 9 our small gall]y ( repres5tative wat]-col\r pa9t]s1 b ! quality ( ,:i/l]'s "w seem$ to u ( m consequ5ce ?an _! quantity4 ,& ?\gh bo? ^! m5--especially ,buxton ,knight--urg5tly dem& full] recognition ?an !y h yet receiv$1 we are b\nd to admit t ,:i/l] 0 a great] g5ius ?an ei!r2 & t seems to settle ! matt]4 7#e7 ,,! ,,"w ,,( ,,to-,,day ,we h n[ trac$ ! developm5t 9 ! pa/ ( subject-matt] & te*nique 9 ,briti% l&scape pa9t+ 9 wat]-col\r1 & we h survey$ z well z our poor memories w\ld enable u to d s--= ! ,museums h long be5 clos$ & mo/ private collections are inaccessible1 & x is !re=e impossible ei!r to v]ify or r5ew our e>li] impressions--! diff]+ aims & div]se a*ievem5ts ( a few ( ^? :o h made our national art s glori\s & s memorable4 ,we h done ?is because ! c>eful & att5tive /udy ( ! hi/ory ( an art provides ! be/1 &1 inde$1 ! only1 means by :i* we c educate ourselves to value & appreciate x4 ,hi/orical /udies enable u to enl>ge our sympa?ies & discipl9e our ta/es1 s t ! man :o kn[s be/ :at has be5 done 9 ! pa/ w be ! fir/ to appreciate ! good "w :i* is be+ done by liv+ arti/s4 ,he w also be ! mo/ indulg5t critic ( a "y arti/'s %ortcom+s1 & ! readie/ to help & enc\rage him 9 8 difficult /ruggle t[>d self-expression & ma/]y ov] 8 intractable mat]ial4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 our bus9ess on ! pres5t occasion to praise ! works ) :i* ?is volume is enri*$4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 to d s is q unnecess>y1 because ! works are "h to speak = !mselves1 or r su* excell5t col\r-reproductions ( !m t almo/ all _! *>m & beauty h be5 pres]v$2 &1 9 ! second place1 to d s w\ld be imp]t95t1 because ! fact t ^! draw+s h be5 select$ by ! ,editor ( ,,! ,,/udio = publication 9 ?is way is a suffici5t gu>antee ( _! m]it & importance4 ,i %all1 !re=e1 conf9e my rem>ks r to ! g5]al "* ( _! subject-matt] & treatm5t ?an to _! individual excell5ces4 ,9 ?is way ! foll[+ obs]vations may be tak5 z an attempt to cont9ue to ! pres5t day ! survey ( ! pa/ :i* occupi$ u 9 a previ\s *apt]4 ,9 trac+ ! developm5t ( subject-matt] 9 ! works ( ! arti/s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury we h se5 t !y g5]ally gave prom95ce to ! place repres5t$1 ) all its hi/orical & lit]>y associations4 ,:i/l] 0 ! *ief exception to ?is t5d5cy1 z 9 8 "w ! decorative & emotional elem5ts ( ! picture itself 7 mo/ prom95t4 ,:i/l]'s example has be5 foll[$ by _m ( ! liv+ arti/s4 ,m5 l ,claus5 & ,m>k ,fi%] are %y ( any sugge/ion ( :at has be5 call$ 8lit]>y subject0 or 8guide-book0 int]e/4 ,b ?\gh ! works ( su* arti/s1 f _! abs5ce ( topographical int]e/1 seem to claim classification z poetical l&scapes1 yet1 if we comp>e !m ) ! e>li] poetical l&scapes ( m5 l ,lamb]t1 ,zucc>elli1 ,george ,smi? ( ,*i*e/]1 & ! eld] ,b>ret1 we f9d !y h und]gone a v ?or\gh *ange ( "*4 ,! old] "w ow$ m to ! /udy & imitation ( ! ,old ,ma/]s ?an to ! /udy & repres5tation ( ,nature4 ,9 ! place ( =mulas & motives borr[$ f ,claude & ,p\ss9 ! mod]n m5 give u _! own int]pretations ( :at !y h se5 & felt 9 ! pres5ce ( ,nature4 ,s t if we take a draw+ l ,m>k ,fi%]'s ,l&scape1 reproduc$ 9 ! pres5t volume 7,plate ,,vi71 we f9d t x is1 or at any rate t x looks z ?\gh x is1 ! repres5tation ( an actual place1 ?\gh ! place is unnam$ & !re=e devoid ( any hi/orical or lit]>y int]e/ to ! spectator4 ,su* a draw+ may !re=e v well be class$ z topographical1 ?\gh ! topographical matt] is us$ 9 ! s]vice ( o!r ?an /rictly topographical purposes4 ,h[ev]1 9 ! works ( o!r di/+ui%$ liv+ arti/s1 l ,mat!w ,hale1 ,alb]t ,goodw9--^: ,l9coln is "h reproduc$ 7,plate ,,viii71 ,hughes-,/anton1 ,lamorna ,bir*1 ,wilson ,/e]1 ,ri*1 ,g]e1 etc41 we (t5 f9d a simil> use ( topographical matt] = ! purposes ( poetical expression1 b at ! same "t !y %[ a m>k$ pref]5ce = ! *oice ( subject-matt] enri*$ by hi/orical & lit]>y associations4 ,! majority ( draw+s "h reproduc$ are ! outcome ( _! pa9t]s' lov+ & tireless ef=t to r5d] ! appe>ances ( ,nature 9 _! exact tones & col\rs4 ,!re is little ( consci\s artifice or preoccupation ) ab/ract design ( =m or col\r 9 draw+s l ,c4 ,m4 ,g]e's vivid pres5tm5t ( light--,! ,r\nd ,h\se 7,plate ,,vii71 ,eyre ,walk]'s ,pool 9 ! ,woods 7,plate ,,xiii71 ,r4 ,w4 ,allan's ,maple 9 ,autumn 7,plate ,,xv71 ,george ,h\/on's ,iona 7,plate ,,xx71 or 9 ,m>k ,fi%]'s ,l&scape4 ,b ?\gh _! aims1 broadly speak+1 are ! same1 viz4 ! tru?ful r5d]+ ( p>ticul> effects ( light & p>ticul> sc5es1 yet ea* "w is diff]5t f ea*1 & ea* is p]sonal & individual1 because ! arti/ has pa9t$ only :at he lik$ & knew be/4 ,9 o!r cases1 g5]ally 9 ! *oice ( subject-matt]1 "o is (t5 rem9d$ ( ! works ( ! old] m51 only to realize z ! result ( ! comp>isons ?us provok$ ! important diff]5ces :i* di/+ui% ! new treatm5t & ju/ify ! repetition ( ! same motives4 ,sir ,erne/ ,wat]l['s ,9 ,cr[hur/ ,p>k 7,plate ,,xiv71 = in/ance1 calls up memories ( ,david ,cox1 ( ,e4 ,m4 ,wimp]is1 ,tom ,colli] & _m o!rs :o h delight$ 9 su* wide surveys ( roll+ d[n & mov+ cl\d4 ,b ,sir ,erne/'s "w holds its own aga9/ all our hi/orical rem9isc5ces2 x is s vivid1 s evid5tly ! outcome ( ! arti/'s exp]i5ces1 s freely & confid5tly set up4 ,rob]t ,little's ,tidal ,bas91 ,montrose 7,plate ,x71 ,lamorna ,bir*'s ,environs ( ,camborne 7,plate ,v71 & ,murray ,smi?'s ,on ! ,way to ! ,s\? ,d[ns 7,plate ,,xxii71 ju/ify !mselves 9 ! same way4 ,h[ easily1 too1 c we imag9e ,girt9 or ,coz5s pa9t+ ! sc5e :i* ,russell ,fl9t has portray$ s vividly 9 8 ,april ,ev5+1 ,rydal ,wat] 7,plate ,,xix74 ,yet h[ diff]5tly !y w\ld h pa9t$ x6 ,9 all ?is "o sees ! ,naturali/ic movem5t begun 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury /ill at "w1 ) its inevitable t5d5cy t[>ds ,pan!ism--its exaltation ( ,nature at ! exp5se ( man & ! individual4 ,morali/s h dwelt ^u its dang]s 9 ! dead5+ effect x is suppos$ to produce ^u ! s5se ( individual responsibility & fre$om ( w4 ,b ) results l ^! be=e our eyes we are m incl9$ to dwell ^u its advantages1 its enl>gem5t ( our sympa?ies & k4 ,b ! t5d5cy is n altoge!r 9 ! direction ( ,pan!ism4 ,!re is a gr\p ( arti/s1 among :om ,i w only m5tion ,d4 ,y4 ,cam]on1 ,a4 ,w4 ,ri*1 ,alb]t ,goodw91 & ,c4 ,j4 ,holmes1 :i* manfully upholds ! supremacy ( ! arti/ ov] ,nature4 ,! influ5ce ( ! art ( ! pa/ has c\nt$ = m 9 works l ,cam]on's ,autumn 9 ,/ra? ,tay 7,plate ,,xviii71 ,ri*'s ,swal$ale 7,plate ,,xi71 ,goodw9's ,l9coln1 & ,holmes's ,ne> ,aisgill 7,plate ,,ix71 ?an ,nature h]self4 ,9 ^! draw+s ! free-w ( ! individual triumphantly ass]ts itself4 ,!y are :at !y are because _! mak]s lov$ art & p>ticul> =ms ( art fir/ ( all1 & want$ to imitate !m4 ,_! inspiration came f )9 7f human nature7 & n f )\t 7f physical nature74 ,b ?is is n to say t !y are m]e copies ( o!r m5's works1 = obvi\sly !y are no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,!y are at lea/ z orig9al & individual z any ( ! o!r draw+s ( :i* we h spok54 ,& ^! arti/s1 too1 /udy ,nature j z ke5ly & z indefatigably z ! reali/s1 only _! me?ods ( /udy are diff]5t4 ,) works l ^? illu/rat$ 9 ?is volume--s diff]5t 9 aim & me?od1 yet ea* s virile1 s9c]e & p]sonal--x is evid5t t wat]-col\r pa9t+ is /ill a di/9ctly liv+ art 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! ,briti% wat]-col\r pa9t]s ( to-day are 8keep+ _! end up0 z well z our soldi]s1 sailors & work]s 9 o!r sph]es1 &1 l !m1 !y h e>n$ ! "r to face ! future ) he>ts full ( confid5ce & hope4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,v4 8,,environs ,,( ,,camborne40 ,,by ,s4 ,j4 ,,lamorna ,,bir*1 ,r4,w4,s4 7,9 ! possession ( ! ,f9e ,art ,society47 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vi4 7,9 ! possession ( ,messrs4 ,erne/ ,br[n ,phillips1 ! ,leice/] ,gall]ies47 ,,l&scape4 ,,by ,,m>k ,,fi%]1 ,a4,r4,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vii4 8,,! ,,r\nd ,,h\se40 ,,by ,,*>les ,m4 ,,g]e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,viii4 7,9 ! possession ( ,e4 ,web]1 ,esq47 8,,l9coln40 ,,by ,,alb]t ,,goodw91 ,r4,w4,s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ix4 8,,ne> ,,aisgill40 ,,by ,c4 ,j4 ,,holmes4 7,9 ! possession ( ,d4 ,m4 ,c>negie1 ,esq47 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,x4 8,,tidal ,,bas91 ,,montrose40 ,,by ,,rob]t ,,little1 ,r4,w4,s41 ,r4,s4,w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xi4 8,,swal$ale40 ,,by ,,alfr$ ,w4 ,,ri*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xii4 8,,caught ,,9 ,,! ,,froz5 ,,palms ,,( ,,spr+40 ,,by ,,lionel ,,smy!1 ,r4,a41 ,r4,w4,s4 7,9 ! possession ( ,w4 ,lawr5ce ,smi?1 ,esq47 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xiii4 8,a ,,pool ,,9 ,,! ,,woods40 ,,by ,w4 ,,eyre ,,walk]1 ,r4,w4,s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xiv4 8,,9 ,,cr[hur/ ,,p>k1 ,,sussex40 ,,by ,,sir ,e4 ,a4 ,,wat]l[1 ,r4,a41 ,r4,w4,s41 ,h4,r4,s4,w4 ,,! ,,developm5t ,,( ,,briti% ,,l&scape ,,pa9t+ ,,9 ,,wat]-,,col\rs3 ,,scotti% ,,pa9t]s4 ,,by ,e4 ,a4 ,,taylor ,to lift ! veil en%r\d+ ! pa/ &1 ?\gh b dimly1 recall its arti/s' lives & works may appeal to a few only4 ,! secrets ( ! great are already kn[n2 _! de$s1 z mod]n times desire1 w be m rapidly f\nd tabulat$ 9 any biographical diction>y2 ^? :om *ance & fate h less fav\r$ w s]ve no o!r purpose ?an t ( a poor remembrance4 ,nev]!less to sep>ate ^? :o foll[$ ! ways ( art 9 o!r ?an wat]-col\r l&scape pa9t+1 ,i mu/ recall "s at lea/ ^: influ5ce ( m9d & "w aid$ to atta9 9 ,scotl& ! important position x comm&s to-day4 ,among/ ! fir/ connect$ ) l&scape pa9t+ ! names ( ,john & ,rob]t ,norie _c fairly be omitt$4 ,c>ry+ on a bus9ess 9 ,ed9burgh at ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury z h\se pa9t]s & decorators1 x 0 9 _! decorative s*emes t l&scape play$ ! mo/ significant "p1 a =m ( decoration ( consid]able fa%ion 9 ! ,scotti% capital at t "t1 & appli$ 9 v>i\s ways to doors1 panels1 mantelpieces1 etc41 ( private h\ses2 & ap>t f _! bus9ess1 bo? fa!r & sons pa9t$ "s l&scapes ( no mean ord]4 ,x 0 9 _! work%ops1 too1 t "s aft]w>ds notable arti/s1 9 _! e>ly life1 s]v$ z appr5tices1 fam\s among/ !m be+ ,alex&] ,runciman 7#agcf-aghe71 ,john ,wilson 7#aggd-ahee71 & ,james ,h[e 7#aghj-ahcf74 ,l&scape pa9t+1 h[ev]1 ap>t f su* z 0 utiliz$ 9 decorative s*emes1 _h little or no public appreciators4 ,portraits & de$s ( trag$y & val\r seem$ to occupy ! arti/s' m9ds2 yet1 l ! curlew's haunt+ note on lo* & m\nta9 side1 !re 0 an influ5ce a/ir t[>ds m peaceful sc5es1 a call t knew no limit$ geography1 no def9ite law4 ,9 ,ayr%ire1 ,rob]t ,burns 7#agei-agif7 0 weav+ 8 nature songs2 :ile ,alex&] ,nasmy? 7#ageh-ahdj71 9 ,midlo?ian1 0 prep>+ 8 palette to capture simil> !mes 9 pa9t4 ,b p]haps ! greate/ impetus giv5 to a wid] public appreciation ( ! sc5]y ( 8 own c\ntry 0 ! publication 9 #ahaj ( ,sir ,walt] ,scott's 8,lady ( ! ,lake10 foll[$ 9 #ahad by 8 m di/+ui%$ 8,wav]ley ,novels40 ,yet previ\s to t univ]sal awak5+1 9 #agic ,alex&] ,nasmy? resign$ 8 portrait & figure "w = t ( l&scape1 & x is f t p]iod t ?is bran* ( pa9t+ 9 oils mo/ vigor\sly comm5c$2 :ile ap>t f ! use ( wat]-col\r by topographical arti/s1 p]haps ! fir/ few l&scapes ( importance 7 ( a slightly e>li] date1 by ! r5[n$ ar*itect ,rob]t ,adam 7#agbh-agib74 ,n1 h[ev]1 until ! "t ( ,hugh ,william ,williams 7#aggc-ahbi7 did ! art become m pictorially practis$4 ,z ,nasmy? has be5 cr$it$ ) be+ ! fa!r ( ,scotti% l&scape pa9t+ 9 oils1 ,hugh ,william ,williams might be m univ]sally not$ z1 if n ! fa!r1 at lea/ "o ( ! pr9cipal pione]s ( l&scape pa9t+ 9 wat]-col\rs4 ,tak+ a %ort extract f a criticism ( an exhibition ( 8 "w 9 t m$ium op5$ 9 ,ed9burgh 9 #ahbb1 ! writ] /ates3 8,!re is room = m unqualifi$ praise ?an 9 ! works ( any s+le arti/ 9 l&scape pa9t+ to :i* ?is c\ntry has yet giv5 bir?40 ,williams1 h[ev]1 0 ( ,wel% p>5tage & born on bo>d 8 fa!r's %ip :5 at sea1 8 e>ly upbr++ be+ entru/$ to an ,italian gr&fa!r 9 ,ed9burgh1 :]e 8 "n z an exhibitor & wat]-col\r pa9t] became prom95t 9 #ahaj4 ,8 successes at t "t enabl$ him to und]take a long soj\rn 9 ,italy & ,greece1 ( :i* he publi%$ an acc\nt 9 #ahbj illu/rat$ ) engrav+s & "s ( 8 own draw+s1 foll[+ x up ) 8 exhibition 9 #ahbb almo/ entirely compos$ ( "w done dur+ 8 cont95tal travels4 ,arti/ically 8 pa9t+s are di/9ctly p]sonal1 & te*nically !y are treat$ ) broad simple wa%es ov] delicately outl9$ compositions4 ,ano!r arti/ ( ! p]iod rememb]$ = 8 wat]-col\r "w 0 ,&rew ,wilson1 born 9 ,ed9burgh 7#aghj-ahdh71 :o1 aft] a v>i$ art life 9 ,italy & ,engl&1 occupi$ ! po/ ( ma/] 9 ! ,tru/ees ,academy ( 8 native city 9 #ahah4 ,x 0 dur+ ?is ye> t ! rem>kable ,david ,rob]ts1 :o is said to h _h a week's tuition "u ,wilson1 />t$ to exhibit 8 fam$ ar*itectural subjects2 :ile a few ye>s lat] ,&rew ,donaldson1 ^: "w 9 ! /yle ( ,pr\t1 & little kn[n beyond ,glasg[1 contribut$ 9 no slight degree to ! advancem5t ( wat]-col\r pa9t+ 9 t city4 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 until #ahcb t ! wat]-col\r l&scapes ( ,william ,leighton ,leit* began to make _! public appe>ance1 & biographical records place ?is arti/ & ,williams z ! two mo/ prom95t wat]-col\r pa9t]s 9 ,scotl& 9 ^? days4 ,f a ,glasg[ weav] to h\se-pa9t] & sc5e-pa9t]1 ultimately in/ruct+ ! ,que5 & o!r memb]s ( ! ,royal ,h\sehold1 ,leit*'s life 0 c]ta9ly inspir+ to "y en?usia/s1 & 8 "w be+ ( r ! 8pretty0 ord] 0 und\bt$ly popul>4 ,b ,engl& claim$ ! lat] & m important days ( 8 life4 ,to revive m di/9ctly local ,scotti% memories "o mu/ turn to ! "n ( ,?omas ,fairbairn 7#ahba-ahhe74 ,orig9ally a %op-lad ) a firm ( dy]s 9 ,glasg[1 ,fairbairn _h no rose-pav$ road to travel to atta9 8 desires1 & x is by 8 sket*es ( old h\ses & localities ar\nd ,glasg[ t he at fir/ became kn[n1 & latt]ly by 8 lit]al pa9t+s ( =e/ sc5]y4 ,attract$ by ! weal? ( subject at ,cadz[1 9 ,hamilton1 x 0 !re t 9 #aheb he met ,sam ,b\gh1 :o greatly influ5c$ 8 fur!r arti/ic outlook1 z ! ,engli% bord]] did t ( _m o!r pa9t]s1 & :o tw5ty-?ree ye>s lat] 0 laud$ z be+ "o ( ! mo/ important figures 9 ,scotti% art4 ,ano!r prom95t arti/ at ! "t 0 ,j4 ,craw=d ,w9t\r 7#ahbe-ahhb7 :o1 ?\gh *iefly conc]n$ ) oil pa9t+1 %[$ 8 r>e/ arti/ic a*ievem5ts 9 wat]-col\r l&scapes4 ,to him & ,b\gh ! cr$it is due = creat+ a great] int]e/ 9 t m$ium & bran* ( art ?an x _h hi!rto enjoy$4 ,nev]!less ! v>i\s exhibitions gave b scanty appreciation to ! wat]-col\r pa9t]s4 ,9 _! organiz]s' m9ds ! m$ium employ$ seem$ to be rat$ high] ?an a "w ( art1 despite wat]-col\r be+ ! "o almo/ entirely employ$ by ! supreme arti/s ( ,*9a & ,japan4 ,works 9 x 7 exhibitionally a little less ?an ignor$1 ) ! result t 9 ,glasg[ on ,decemb] #ba1 #ahgg1 t5 en?usia/s held ! fir/ prelim9>y meet+ ( ! n[ important ,royal ,scotti% ,society ( ,pa9t]s 9 ,wat]-,col\rs4 ,! only memb] ( t fai?ful ga!r+ n[ liv+ is ! ,society's pres5t ,vice-,presid5t1 ,a4 ,k4 ,br[n1 ,r4,s4,a4 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 until two mon?s lat] t ! ,society 0 def9itely =m$1 due to ! proposition ( ,sir ,francis ,p[ell & second$ by ,william ,mc,taggart1 ,p[ell be+ elect$ its fir/ presid5t & ! virile ,sam ,b\gh vice-presid5t on ,m>* #d1 #ahgh4 ,9 ,novemb] ( ! same ye> ! new ,society held its fir/ exhibition 9 :i* #agb pictures 7 %[n2 & 9 ,febru>y #ahhh1 z ! only repres5tative art body ( its k9d 9 ,scotl&1 x 0 emp[]$ to use ! prefix 8,royal40 ,its pres5t memb]%ip numb]s sev5ty-n9e1 ( :i* eight are honor>y1 "u ! presid5cy ( ,e4 ,a4 ,walton1 ,r4,s4,a4 ,t ! ,society has be5 ! means ( promot+ a wid] public int]e/ 9 wat]-col\r pa9t+ 9 ,scotl& has be5 cle>ly ev9c$1 & ( rec5t ye>s its exhibitions 7n[ & aga9 n entirely conf9$ to ! "w ( its memb]s7 h unque/ionably /imulat$ a g5]al int]e/ 9 ! art4 ,yet ! day seems /ill f> (f :5 a m unit$ appreciation w be bas$ on a picture z a "w ( art1 reg>dless ( ! value plac$ ^u ! m$ium 9 :i* x is produc$4 ,9 comp>ison ) ! old wat]-col\ri/s' slightly t9t$ draw+s1 p ! *ief elem5ts mo/ m>k$ly notable 9 ! mod]n developm5t are ! m ext5sively v>i$ me?ods employ$1 aid$ consid]ably by ! sci5tifically discov]$ great] range & assur$ p]man5cy ( pigm5ts & mat]ials4 ,te*nically1 ,i ?9k1 ! art ( pa9t+ is closely alli$ to ! art ( act+2 ! actor utilizes voice & make-up accord+ to ! emotions & "* he wi%es to express1 9 ! same way t ! pa9t]'s subject & ?\ght to be fully indicat$ call = a process & te*nique aff9itive ) !m4 ,)9 rec5t ye>s x became ! fa%ion among/ wat]-col\r arti/s to /ra9 ! m$ium beyond its limit$ p[]s1 ! result be+ heavily fram$ works compet+ 9 a feeble way ) oils1 & subjects t w\ld c]ta9ly h be5 bett] r5d]$ arti/ically _h ?is m$ium be5 employ$4 ,) ! exception ( ! "w ( ,de ,w9t & ,cox1 ! greate/ influ5ce recognizable 9 ! "w ( _m ( ! ,scotti% wat]-col\ri/s is ( ,dut* orig9 & easily trac$ to su* ma/]s z ,anton ,mauve1 ,josef ,israls1 ,bosboom & ! ,m>is bro!rs2 s mu* s 9 fact t ) c]ta9 arti/s x has be5 difficult to disc]n ! diff]5ce betwe5 _m ( _! own pa9t+s & ^? ( ! m5 by :om !y 7 s obvi\sly inspir$4 ,! me?od employ$ 0 z foll[s3 aft] ! draw+ _h be5 r\ghly sugge/$1 ! pap] 0 submitt$ to a tubb+ & scrubb+1 s t ! col\r ate its way 9 until f9ally m direct & /rong] t\*es 7 appli$1 desir$ light] portions be+ wip$ out :ile wet1 or slick$ up ) a little body-col\r4 ,! me?od1 ?\gh los+ mu* t is inh]5tly beautiful 9 wat]-col\r1 is nev]!less "o :i* mo/ aptly sugge/s c]ta9 phases ( l&scape deal+ ) poetic s5tim5t & my/]y4 ,! "o p]fect arti/ 9 ,scotl& :o mo/ orig9ally adopt$ ! process 0 ,ar?ur ,melville 7#ahee-aijd74 ,:at good !re 0 9 x he c]ta9ly extract$2 ,melville1 too1 seldom resort$ to ! aid ( body-col\r4 ,i h kn[n him1 if unsatisfi$ ) any portion ( 8 pa9t+1 to delib]ately cut x out & dext]\sly ins]t a fre% piece ( pap]1 & mu* tr\ble & exp]i5ce w5t to br+ ab\t ! app>5t ease ) :i* 8 "w appe>s to h be5 done4 ,ano!r me?od extremely popul> ) "s arti/s1 ?\gh p]haps practis$ m on ! ,cont95t1 0 ! almo/ entire use ( body-col\r on a t9t$ gr\nd1 a me?od :i* br+s wat]-col\r pa9t+ into a clos] relation to t ( oils4 ,9 o!r ?an capable h&s x has a t5d5cy to lack fre%ness1 giv+ an opaque & *alky quality to ! "w4 ,b :5 us$ by a few arti/s 9 ?is c\ntry :o h fully realiz$ its possibilities & limitations1 "s excell5t results h be5 a*iev$1 pre-em95t among/ !m be+ ^? by ! ,newca/le arti/1 ,joseph ,cra:all1 by :om 8 _m ,scotti% associates 7 inspir$ to a rem>kable degree4 ,8 pa9t+s1 pr9cipally ( birds & animal life1 9 ! v>i\s exhibitions 7 always out/&+1 & to-day !re is little if any "w ( ?is "* be+ done t c surpass x4 ,wat]-col\r1 h[ev]1 us$ direct )\t ! assi/ance ( scrubb+1 scrap+ & body-col\r %[s )\t "q ! m$ium at its be/4 ,z a process us$ 9 :at is t]m$ ! puri/'s me?od1 !re c]ta9ly is no o!r t c compete ) x = aff9itive l&scapes1 & :at has be5 done ev5 exp]im5tally 9 x1 by o!r ?an wat]-col\r arti/s1 repres5ts1 p]haps1 ! f9e/ examples ( g5u9e art !y h left u4 ,) ! exception ( ! %ort-liv$ ,george ,manson 7#ahej-ahgf71 ,tom ,scott1 ,r4,s4,a41 ,r4 ,b4 ,nisbet1 ,r4,s4,a41 & ,ew5 ,g$des1 ,r4,s4,w41 "o might safely say t all ! ,scotti% wat]-col\ri/s are equally conv]sant ) oils1 ?\gh 9 rec5t ye>s ,nisbet has be5 devot+ mu* ( 8 "t to ! latt] m$ium4 ,p]haps ! fir/ arti/ 9 ,scotl& to realize ! brilliancy ( ,nature 9 wat]-col\r 0 ! late ,william ,mc,taggart 7#ahce-aiaj72 8 l&scapes are all v]itably untrick$ effects ( ! l&'s & sea's sunlit & w9d-swept moods 9 :i* 8 spontane\s & untrammell$ me?od aid$ to a consid]able ext5t 8 ability to ma9ta9 ! high arti/ic quality ( 8 pictures 9 oils4 ,a less vivid outlook attracts ! ess5tially wat]-col\r arti/1 ,r4 ,b4 ,nisbet1 8 l&scapes be+ almo/ exclusively l[-ton$ aspects ( ,nature1 & te*nically simil> to ! works ( ! previ\sly m5tion$ ,dut* ma/]s4 ,univ]sally 8 "w has be5 va/ly appreciat$ & probably he c claim m (ficial hon\rs ?an any o!r ,scotti% wat]-col\r pa9t]4 ,n a few ( ! y\ng] m5 owe "s ( ! r>] qualities 9 _! "w to 8 sympa!tic influ5ce4 ,9 companion%ip ) ,nisbet1 ,tom ,scott is probably n[1 ) ! exception ( ,ew5 ,g$des1 ! only entirely wat]-col\r pa9t] 9 ,scotl&4 ,8 motifs1 h[ev]1 be+ *iefly inspir$ by ! glam\r surr\nd+ ! ,bord]l&1 are m ( a figur$ hi/orical nature1 b n ! lea/ emotional pleasure is d]iv$ f _! di/9ctive l&scape sett+s4 ,incid5tally humble cr(ts & l[l& sc5]y attract ! arti/ 9 ,ew5 ,g$des1 & z a pa9t] ( sn[ l&scapes1 ,i d\bt if !re is ano!r wat]-col\ri/ :o z s5sitively portrays ! _s ( ! w9try day4 ,b to pick & *oose f among/ ! _m arti/s ^: "w entitles !m to be m ?an briefly m5tion$1 reg>dless ( individual prec$5ce1 "o may n omit ,w4 ,y4 ,mac,gregor1 ,a4,r4,s4,a41 ^: inspir+ en?usiasm z fa!r ( ! fam$ ,glasg[ ,s*ool ( ,pa9t]s is hi/orically hon\r$1 & ^: latt]-day *>coal & wat]-col\r l&scapes are n ! lea/ di/9ctive expressions ( g5u9e art2 :ile among/ y\ng] m51 prom95tly kn[n1 are ! di/+ui%$ expon5t ,c4 ,h4 ,mackie1 ,r4,s4,a41 ,r4,s4,w41 ^: "w & ideas decl>$ 9 v>i\s m$iums are extremely invigorat+1 & ,j4 ,hamilton ,mack5zie1 ,r4,s4,w41 ,a4,r4,e41 :o1 z well z a pa9t] 9 oils1 pa/elli/ & et*]1 is an admirable wat]-col\ri/4 ,to fur!r enum]ate "o mu/ include ! names ( su* p]sonal l&scape arti/s z ,j4 ,:itelaw ,hamilton1 ,a4,r4,s4,a41 ,r4,s4,w41 ,ar*ibald ,kay1 ,a4,r4,s4,a41 ,r4,s4,w41 ,t4,m4 ,hay1 ,r4,s4,w41 ,alex&] ,mac,bride1 ,r4,i41 ,r4,s4,w41 ,/anley ,cursit]1 ,r4,s4,w41 ,james ,h]ald1 & ,/ew>t ,orr4 ,b to deal m m9utely ) ! arti/s :o are "h repres5t$1 ,a4 ,k4 ,br[n 7,plate ,,xvi7 mu/ take prec$5ce = 8 untir+ s]vices r5d]$ to ! promotion ( ! delightful art ( wat]-col\r pa9t+ 9 ,scotl&4 ,?\gh born 9 ,ed9burgh 9 #ahdi1 x has be5 9 ,glasg[ t ! great] "p ( 8 life has be5 liv$1 & ) ! art affairs ( t city he has be5 mo/ directly connect$4 ,8 e>ly ye>s 7 sp5t !re z a calico-pr9t design]1 ! arti/ic relation%ip ( :i* soon l$ him to ! high] ideal ( l&scape pa9t+1 ! hills & gl5s z se5 f a moorl& road or m\nta9 burn be+ ! !mes t mo/ intimately allur$ him2 yet n t aspect ( ! rugg$ inhumanity ( ! hills1 b :]e man has trod1 & :]e ! %eph]d's :i/le may be famili>ly he>d4 ,x is1 too1 t s5sation ( fri5dl9ess felt among/ ! hills t p]vades 8 works4 ,treat$ ) a me?odical t5d]ness1 !y nev] exhibitionally ass]t !mselves1 b mu/ be se5 s+ly to convey _! full attractiv5ess4 ,9 e>ly association next to ,a4 ,k4 ,br[n w\ld be ,r4 ,w4 ,allan1 born 9 ,glasg[ 9 #aheb 7,plate ,,xv74 ,9 8 "y days1 inspir$ by 8 fa!r :o 0 a well-kn[n li?ograph] 9 ! city1 he c]ta9ly _h n ! usual /ud5ts' /ruggles to cont5d )1 & 0 soon "o ( ! few ,scotti% pa9t]s 9 wat]-col\r :o fully realiz$ ! beauty ( ! unsulli$ quality ! m$ium possess$1 by 8 broad decisive h&l+ 9 comp>ison ) ! preval5t m9ute f9i% indulg$ 94 ,x is n[1 h[ev]1 ab\t ?irty-five ye>s s9ce he left 8 native city = ,london1 :]e he has n only become a di/+ui%$ pa9t] 9 oils1 b also a prom95t memb] ( ! 8,old0 ,wat]-,col\r ,society4 ,two ye>s lat] ?an ,r4 ,w4 ,allan1 ,james ,pat]son 7,plate ,,xxi7 0 born 9 ,glasg[1 & is not$ !re z "o ( ! fir/ arti/s en]getically active1 ) ,w4 ,y4 ,mac,gregor1 9 =m+ a bold] /yle ( pa9t+ ?an _h be5 previ\sly fa%ionable1 & :o1 ) ! gr\p+ ( a few o!r en?usia/s lat]1 became kn[n to ! art _w z ! ,glasg[ ,s*ool ( ,pa9t]s4 ,_! revolution>y aims & ideals influ5c$ to a rem>kable ext5t arti/s & pa9t+ 9 g5]al ?r\gh\t ,scotl&4 ,?\gh equally well kn[n z a pa9t] ( ! figure & occasional portraits1 x is z a l&scapi/ t ,pat]son's reputation has be5 mo/ uniquely e/abli%$1 8 pres5t ,dumfries%ire home provid+ him ext5sively ) subjects 9 h>mony ) 8 e>li] te*nically broad sympa?ies4 ,n s closely connect$ ) ! ,glasg[ ,s*ool movem5t z ,james ,pat]son1 ,james ,cad5head1 born 9 ,ab]de5 9 #aheh 7,plate ,,xvii71 became some:at imbu$ ) its views4 ,l ! majority ( n[ celebrat$ wat]-col\ri/s1 oil pa9t+ claim$ 8 fir/ att5tion4 ,less reali/ic 9 outlook ?an 8 bro!r arti/s1 8 "w assum$ a m conceptionally decorative t5d5cy & display$ a flat treatm5t1 te*nically simil> to t :i* "o associates ) ! l&scape arti/s ( ,japan4 ,x 0 by su* individual features t att5tion 0 drawn to 8 "w1 & 9 #ahic he 0 elect$ a memb] ( ! ,royal ,scotti% ,society ( ,pa9t]s 9 ,wat]-,col\rs1 & n9e ye>s lat] an associate ( ! ,royal ,scotti% ,academy1 :]e1 9 bo? exhibitions1 8 "w %>es ) t ( o!r lead+ arti/s a di/9ctive admiration4 ,turn+ to ! illu/ration ,suffolk ,pa/ures1 by ,e4 ,a4 ,walton 7,plate ,,xxiv71 "o f9ds ! "w ( an arti/ ^: ability z a pa9t] is unanim\sly respect$ among/ 8 fell[s4 ,born 9 ,r5frew%ire 9 #ahfj1 he is also "o :o has be5 hi/orically associat$ ) ! revolution>y ,glasg[ ,s*ool2 orig9ally a l&scape arti/1 he is nev]!less "o ( ! lead+ ,scotti% portrait pa9t]s4 ,b to conf9e my appreciation to 8 l&scape "w1 x is ) a l+]+ d\bt :e!r x be 8 examples 9 oils or wat]-col\rs :i* are ! m entic+ if a *oice 7 dem&$4 ,x is probably to 8 "w 9 ! g5tl] m$ium ,i w\ld assign ! tal5t ( ! man & ! arti/ z be+ mo/ completely reveal$1 especially fav\r+ ^? draw+s execut$ on a grey-br[n millbo>d1 or "s o!r simil>ly t9t$ pap]1 ) :i* 8 skilful use ( body-col\r m+les & expresses 8 pr5urtur$ vision ( design & col\r h>monies = :i* he is s greatly e/eem$4 ,five ye>s lat] ?an ,e4 ,a4 ,walton1 ,d4 ,y4 ,cam]on 0 born 9 ,glasg[ 7,plate ,,xviii74 ,) ! exception ( ,muirhead ,bone1 !re is no o!r ,scotti% arti/ ^: pre-em95ce z an et*] is z univ]sally admitt$4 ,)9 rec5t ye>s 8 reputation z a pa9t] has be5 rapidly becom+ z widely ackn[l$g$4 ,9 8 e>ly et*+s1 oils1 & wat]-col\rs1 ?\gh previ\s ma/]s' influ5ces 7 easily detect$1 8 gift ( selection & fitness plac$ 8 results on a high] arti/ic plane ?an ^? by :om he _h be5 evid5tly inspir$1 & to-day 8 "w is always among/ ! mo/ dignifi$ & ref9$ 9 any exhibition4 ,te*nically he resorts to no fumbl$ trick]y1 nor does he /ra9 any ( ! means he uses beyond _! own inh]5t p[]s4 ,be=e 8 l&scapes "o feels ! mood ( "t & place *>m+ly int]pret$1 su* moods ( ,nature1 :5 ! trivialities ( ! day h pass$1 or only ^? rema9 :i* fitt+ly appeal1 ) _! sil5t pond]+s4 ,9 #ahfi1 at ,dalry1 ,ayr%ire1 ,george ,h\/on 0 born 7,plate ,,xx71 & x is z a pa9t] ( t "p ( ,scotl& t 8 "n became mo/ 9 evid5ce be=e ! ,scotti% art _w 9 #aijd by a l>ge-scal$ canvas1 ,an ,ayr%ire ,l&scape1 %[n at ! exhibition ( ! ,glasg[ ,f9e ,arts ,in/itute4 ,no little praise 0 be/[$ ^u x by arti/s & public alike1 result+ 9 its be+ pur*as$ = ! ,city's p]man5t collection4 ,b memories recall o!r e>li] & small] works creatively q z important4 ,to place ,h\/on among/ ! ,scotti% arti/s is to d s individually1 z 8 "w is extremely p]sonal1 bo? te*nically & compositionally4 ,late w9t] & e>ly spr+ l&scapes attract him mo/1 ! "t1 too1 :5 ! e>? is j dappl$ ) sn[1 & ! atmosph]e & und]gr[? alive 9 all _! g5tle col\r-h>mony4 ,a ke5 lov] ( ,nature1 little escapes 8 obs]vation1 & x is ^? qualities ( 8 m9d & outlook1 s c>efully express$ 9 8 oil pa9t+s1 t arre/ admir+ att5tion 9 8 wat]-col\rs ( simil> !mes4 ,by age1 ,w4 ,russell ,fl9t & ,d4 ,murray ,smi? belong to ! gr\p ( y\ng] ,scotti% pa9t]s1 & o!rwise1 simil>ly1 bo? arti/s h be5 resid5t 9 ,engl& = a consid]able "t4 ,x is only )9 rec5t ye>s t _! "w has appe>$1 z x 71 anew 9 ! ,scotti% exhibitions4 ,w4 ,russell ,fl9t 7,plate ,,xix7 0 born 9 ,ed9burgh 9 #ahhj2 orig9ally /udy+ 9 ! art s*ool !re1 he made 8 home 9 ,london 9 #aijj1 :]e1 aft] a %ort c\rse at ,hea!rley's ,academy1 8 "n & "w came rapidly into prom95ce4 ,9 #aiac he 0 aw>d$ ! silv] m$al = 8 wat]-col\rs 9 ! ,salon des ,arti/es ,franais4 ,! foll[+ ye> he 0 elect$ an associate ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,pa9t]s 9 ,wat]-,col\rs1 & a full memb] 9 #aiag4 ,z an arti/ bo? figure & l&scape equally reveal 8 v]satile ability4 ,z an illu/rator1 too1 he c claim no less di/9ctive recognition by 8 *>m+ imag]y express$ 9 t phase ( 8 tal5t 9 ! publications ( ! ,ricc>di ,press4 ,?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) ! m$ium ( wat]-col\r1 he applies x ) no special mann]ism o!r ?an ! *oice 8 vision dictates & ! subjects ( 8 m9d mo/ emotionally dem&4 ,?\gh less v>i$ pa?s tempt ! outlook ( ,d4 ,murray ,smi? 7,plate ,,xxii71 8 spaci\s conceptions ( l&scapes are uncommonly int]e/+4 ,! admirable *>act]i/ics ( l>g5ess & fre$om1 :i* e>li] prophesi$ a com+ arti/ 9 ! ,scotti% capital :]e he 0 born1 h alt]$ little4 ,z an et*] ( illu/rative l&scapes 9 ^? days he ga9$ no meagre reputation1 :i* he has va/ly enhanc$ 9 ,engl&1 :]e he settl$ "s tw5ty-f\r ye>s ago4 ,9 all 8 works !re p]vades a /rong affection = flat expanses ( ,nature1 unhamp]$ 9 ! composition by ! human elem5t1 save = fri5dly wayside cottages or di/ant villages4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ^? examples :]e ev5 su* features are ! lea/ prom95t1 l 8 unpeopl$ roads1 t h a mo/ abid+ *>m1 manife/+ at times a vision & te*nical qualities ak9 to ! r>e l&scapes by ! old ,dut* & e>ly ,engli% ma/]s1 & to ! ,fr5* 9 _! ,corotesque & lyrical love ( trees4 ,& x is1 p]haps1 to ! lyrical aspects ( ,nature t wat]-col\r is mo/ closely alli$1 & 9 su* ( h] voiceless poems mo/ expressively lives ! _s ( ! m$ium4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xv4 8,,! ,,maple ,,9 ,,autumn40 ,,by ,,rob]t ,w4 ,,allan1 ,r4,w4,s41 ,r4,s4,w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xvi4 8,,b5 ,,m40 ,,by ,a4 ,k4 ,,br[n1 ,r4,s4,a41 ,r4,s4,w4 7,9 ! possession ( ,j4 ,:itelaw ,hamilton1 ,esq41 ,a4,r4,s4,a47 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xvii4 8,a ,,moorl&40 ,,by ,,james ,,cad5head1 ,a4,r4,s4,a41 ,r4,s4,w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xviii4 8,,autumn ,,9 ,,/ra? ,,tay40 ,,by ,d4 ,y4 ,,cam]on1 ,a4,r4,a41 ,r4,s4,a41 ,r4,w4,s41 ,r4,s4,w4 7,9 ! possession ( ,r4 ,sk9n]1 ,esq47 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xix4 8,,april ,,ev5+1 ,,rydal ,,wat]40 ,,by ,w4 ,,russell ,,fl9t1 ,r4,w4,s41 ,r4,s4,w4 7,9 ! possession ( ,messrs4 ,erne/ ,br[n ,phillips1 ! ,leice/] ,gall]ies47 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xx4 8,,iona40 ,,by ,,george ,,h\/on1 ,a4,r4,s4,a41 ,r4,s4,w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxi4 8,,fr5*l& ,,to ,,que5sb]ry1 ,,m(fat ,,dale40 ,,by ,,james ,,pat]son1 ,r4,s4,a41 ,r4,w4,s41 ,r4,s4,w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxii4 8,,on ,,! ,,way ,,to ,,! ,,s\? ,,d[ns40 ,,by ,d4 ,,murray ,,smi?1 ,a4,r4,w4,s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxiii4 8,a ,,bit ,,( ,,high ,,corrie40 ,,by ,e4 ,a4 ,,taylor4 7,9 ! possession ( ,*>les ,holme1 ,esq47 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxiv4 8,,suffolk ,,pa/ures40 ,,by ,e4 ,a4 ,,walton1 ,r4,s4,a41 ,p4 ,r4,s4,w4 7,9 ! possession ( ,john ,tatt]sall1 ,esq47