,transcrib] ,note3 ,text emphasis is d5ot$ z ,italics4 ,,! ,,philosophy ,,( ,,e>?quakes1 ,natural & ,religi\s4 ,,or ,an ,inquiry into _! ,cause1 & _! ,purpose4 ,o ,vita philosophia dux1 virtutum indagatrix1 expultrixque vitii6 ,cic]o4 ,by ,,william ,,/ukeley1 ,m4,d4 ,rector ( ,/4 ,george's1 ,que5-,squ>e3 ,fell[ ( ! ,college ( ,physicians & ,royal ,society3 ,! ,,second ,,edition4 ,to :i* is add$1 ,,"p ,,ii4 on ! same ,subject4 ,,london3 ,pr9t$ = ,c4 ,corbet ov]-aga9/ ,/4 ,dun/an's ,*ur*1 ,fleet/reet4 ,,mdccl4 ,to ! ,read]4 ,! sub/ance ( ! philosophical "p ( ?is disc\rse 0 deliv]$ at twice to ! ,royal ,society1 on ,m>* #ae1 & #bb3 ,! !ological1 9 my own *ur*4 ,i c\ld n refuse ! solicitation ( my fri5ds1 he>]s 9 bo? places1 to pr9t x4 ,i wi% my int5tion1 9 ! compliance1 may any ways prove successful2 to %[1 h[ va91 & unmean+1 are all our philosophical inquiries1 :5 de/itute ( _! true view2 to lead u into ! m engag+ pa?s ( religion4 ,t1 f speculation ( mat]ial causes1 we may become adepts 9 t wisdom :i* is f above4 ,o!rwise1 l ,epicurus1 & ! anci5t hea!n philosoph]s1 we b>t] away our immortal "p1 = a curiosity1 t amuses u to no good purpose4 ,mean are ^! objects ( our s5ses to be acc\nt$1 9 comp>ison ( our spiritual natures1 to :i* our pr9cipal reg>d is due6 ,= we mu/ rightly say ) ,job3 ,lo1 ^! are p>ts ( ,god's ways1 b h[ little a portion is he>d ( him8 & ! ?und] ( 8 p[]1 :o c und]/&8 ,illu/ration ,,to ,m>t9 ,folkes1 ,esq2 ,,ll4,d4 ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,society4 ,m>* #bf1 #agej4 ,:5 s great & unusual a ph5om5on1 z an e>?quake1 & t repeat$1 happ5s among u2 x w naturally excite a s]i\s reflection 9 ev]yone t is capable ( ?9k+4 ,& we _c help consid]+ x1 bo? 9 a philosophical & a religi\s view4 ,any m9d w take ! al>m :5 we p]ceive a motion t affects ! e>?1 t be>s ! :ole city ( ,london1 & "s miles r\nd x4 ,& at ! same "t :ile x gives u s s5sible a %ake1 s g5tly sets u d[n aga92 )\t damage to any build+s1 & )\t a life lo/4 ',tis h>d to say1 :i* is ! great] wond]4 ,b alas 9 ! works ( nature1 !re are no degrees ( great1 & little2 comp>isons are incompatible4 ,we inde$ are m affect$ ) :at seems great 9 our own appreh5sions3 ,i w\ld r say1 :at is r>e & unusual4 ,an omnipot5t p[] admits ( no di/9ctions4 ,& :5 prodigi\s effects are produc'd f causes imp]ceptible1 x rightly claims our mo/ s]i\s att5tion1 z well z wond]4 ,nor ne$ we lose sight ( ! !ological purpose ( ^! amaz+ al>ms2 :il/ we endeavor to f9d out ! philosophy ( !m4 ,among all ! appe>ances ( nature1 :i* are ! subject ( ! inquiries ( ! ,royal ,society1 none m des]ves ! reg>d ( a contemplative m9d4 ,& among ! v num]\s acc\nts receiv$ !re1 f all qu>t]s1 be+ only ,obs]vations ^u ! mann] ( x1 & its ext5t3 ,i judg'd1 x became u to inquire into ! cause ( s extraord9>y a motion3 ( :i* we c\ld n =m a prop] idea2 _h we n repeat$ly se51 & felt x4 ,! mod]ns h n improv'd ^u ! op9ions ( ! anci5ts1 9 ?is matt]2 any fur!r ?an by ! fanci$ analogy ( "s *ymical exp]im5ts4 ,b ^! *ymical exp]im5ts1 & all sorts ( explosions by gun-p[d]1 & ! l1 are to me a v unsatisfactory solution !y are m]ely artificial compositions1 :i* c h no?+ simil> 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?1 & !y produce _! effects by viol5ce1 by r5d+ & te>+1 by a solutio cont9ui4 ,?is is inde$ too (t5 ! case ( e>?quakes1 b t is a p>tial degree1 n at all equival5t to ! compass ( ! %ock2 & is v f> f be+ ! con/ant concomitant ( an e>?quake4 ,q ! contr>y4 ,innum]able su* happ51 :5 !re is no brea* ( ! surface2 & ( ^! ?ree or f\r :i* we h n[ felt1 no?+ ( x has appe>'d4 ,b ! imm5sity ( ! vibration ( ! e>? :i* %ook e h\se 9 ,london1 ) impunity1 & = tw5ty miles r\nd1 c nev]1 9 my appreh5sion1 be ow+ to s unbridl$ a cause1 z any subt]rane\s vap\rs1 f]m5tations1 r>efactions1 & ! l2 ! vulg> solution4 ,nor does ! k9d ( motion1 :i* ,i disc]n 9 an e>?quake1 9 any sort agree ) :at we %\ld expect f explosions4 ,9 ord] !n to proce$ ) "s degree ( c]ta9ty1 9 our inquiry aft] ! cause ( e>?quakes1 x w be useful1 9 ! fir/ place1 to set 9 "o view1 ! g5]al appe>ances rem>kable !re92 ! mo/ usual concomitants3 ,z we c collect !m f our own obs]vation1 or f ! relations & writ+s ( o!rs4 ,circum/ances4 ,i4 ,t e>?quakes always happ5 9 calm seasons1 9 w>m1 dry1 sultry wea!r2 or aft] a dry1 fro/y air4 ,,ii4 ,t !y are felt at sea1 z well z l&1 ev5 9 ! ma9 ocean2 & at t "t1 ! sea is calm4 ,,iii4 ,t e>?quakes diff] v mu* 9 magnitude4 ,"s %ake a v l>ge tract ( c\ntry1 at ! same in/ant ( "t2 nay1 sometime ext5d to v _m c\ntries1 sep>at$ by m\nta9s1 seas1 lakes1 ! ocean4 ,,iv4 ,t e>?quakes diff] v mu* 9 ! quantity1 ( _! vibratory motion3 ,:5ce 9 "s1 ?o' l>gely ext5d$1 !y are innocu\s2 9 o!rs1 bo? small & great1 !y lay all 9 ru9 & de/ruction4 ,v4 ,t a holl[1 ?und]+1 unusual noise accompanies !m1 or r seems to prece$ ! %ock2 :i* rolls 9 ! air l ! noise ( cannon4 ,,vi4 ,t !y are felt m s5sibly 9 ! upp] /ory ( h\ses ?an 9 ! l[]4 ,,vii4 ,t ! %ock is m viol5t ^u m solid build+s1 *ur*es1 ca/les1 & /one-h\ses1 ?an ^u ^? ( slight] mat]ials4 ,,viii4 ,t _m p f9d !mselves sick at /oma*1 ) headake1 & pa9s 9 _! jo9ts1 & ! l1 :i* sometime la/s = ! day aft]1 or long]4 ,,ix4 ,t e>?quakes g5]ally happ5 to great t[ns1 & cities1 & m p>ticul>ly to ^? t are situate on ! sea4 ,x4 ,t e>?quakes d n cause any damage to spr+s & f\nta9s2 b ! wat] 9 wells becomes f\l = a %ort "t4 ,,xi4 ,t !y are m frequ5t 9 ! neighbor+ c\ntries ( a vulcano4 ,?is la/ circum/ance1 9 my op9ion1 has l$ all inquir]s 9 ?is "q1 out ( ! true pa?2 !re=e ,i propose 9 ! ensu+ pap]4 ,i4 ,to %ew :at x is n2 ! insuffici5cy ( ! vulg> op9ion1 ( subt]rane\s fires & vap\rs4 ,,ii4 ,to %ew :at x is 9 reality1 z x appe>s to me4 ,,iii4 ,i %all conclude ) ! moral use we ought to make ( ^! prodigies ( nature4 ,i4 ,! /ruggles ( subt]rane\s w9ds & fires1 t %\ld heave up ! gr\nd l animal convulsions1 seem to me impossible3 ,_! p[]s1 & mann] ( act+ 7if su* !re be7 is q incapable ( produc+ ! appe>ance ( an e>?quake4 ,t ^! %\ld op]ate in/antane\sly1 9 "o m9ute1 ?ro' a circle ( #cj or #dj miles diamet]1 or m1 ,i c\ld n conceive4 ,nor t !re %\ld be any possible1 mu* less ready passage ?ro' ! solid e>?1 = su* nimble ag5ts1 z e "o is apt to imag9e t speak ( ?is appe>ance2 )\t suffici5tly reflect+ on ! insup]able difficulties 9 t hypo!sis4 ,we _c pret5d to d5y t !re may be su* vap\rs1 & f]m5tations1 inflammable sub/ances1 & actual fires1 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?2 & t !re may be "s cav]ns "u-gr\nd1 z well z we f9d "s few above gr\nd3 su* z ,pool's-,hole1 ,! ,devil's-,arse 9 ! ,peak ( ,d]by%ire1 & ,okey-,hole 9 ,som]set%ire4 ,^!1 ,i believe1 to h be5 s f ! creation1 nev] 7 made by e>?quakes4 ,we "k1 !re are hot spr+s runn+ cont9ually3 ,!re are "s vulcano's frequ5tly bel*+ out flames & smoke1 & to ^! p]haps "s e>?quakes may be ow+1 ?o' n accord+ to ! vulg> notion2 z we %all see1 by & by4 ,b ^! matt]s are v r>e1 mu* r>] ?an e>?quakes1 bo? z to "t & place4 ,vesuvius 9 ,italy1 & 9 t "p ( x ab\nd+ ) m9es ( sulphur3 tna 9 ,sicily1 & ,heckla 9 ,icel&2 ^! are all we "k (1 9 ! old _w4 ,9 ! ,&es m\nta9s ( ,am]ica1 !re are "s4 ,! sc>city ( ^! appe>s to me a /rong argum5t aga9/ ! common d$uctions made !refrom1 z to _! be+ ! cause ( e>?quakes4 ,nor c ,i ent] into ! s5tim5ts ( ^? t hold ! cav]n\s /ate ( ! e>?1 s z to contribute to ! =m+ an e>?quake by vap\rs runn+ f place to place "u gr\nd4 ,h[ _m ?\s& acres ( coal-m9es d !y daily "w 9 ,engl&1 & h done = ages8 ,i h be5 myself #b or #cjj feet deep 9 a solid rock ( native salt3 ,i h walk$ a mile l5g?wise directly into ! e>?1 & desc5d+ all ! way1 9 ! proportion ( "o y>d 9 five1 'till we came "u ! b$ ( ! v ocean1 :]e %ips 7 sail+ ov] our heads4 ,?is 0 at ,sir ,james ,l[!r's coal-pit1 at ,:itehav54 ,we 7 at ?is "t deep] "u gr\nd by ! p]p5dicul>1 ?an any "p ( ! ocean1 betwe5 ,engl& & ,irel&4 ,we nev] he>1 f ! _m hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( workm5 9 ?is k9d1 at ,newca/le1 ,nott+ham%ire1 ,york%ire1 ,d]by%ire1 ,/af=d%ire1 ,som]set%ire1 & ,wales3 f ! inf9ite numb]s ( workm5 9 ! m9es ( lead1 t91 & ! l1 ( ! cav]n\s /ate ( ! e>?1 s z to give any col\r = ?is hypo!sis ( e>?quakes4 ,! e>? is g5]ally ( solid rock2 9 :i* !re mu/ be n[1 & !n1 "s clefts1 & vacuities1 small 9 compass1 z naturally s _m het]og5e\s /rata ( ! e>? consolidate toge!r4 ,b !re c be no imag9ation ( vap\rs break+ ?r\gh1 unit+1 trav]s+ s sudd5ly1 a l>ge space ( e>?1 s z to produce ^? e>?quakes1 we h se51 & felt2 mu* less su* z we read (4 ,! workm5 9 all sorts ( m9es confess by _! h>d labor1 t ! e>? is n cav]n\s2 nor are !re m9es ( sulphur1 nitre1 & ! l inflammable mat]ials 9 ,engl&4 ,or if !re 71 c\ld !y burn1 & cause convulsions ( ! e>?1 )\t prop] cavities1 pipes1 & conveyances ( air2 z vulcano's1 & coal-pits1 :5 set on fire4 ,b ev5 f ^! coal-pits1 :5 fir$1 d we ev] f9d any ?+ l an e>?quake produc$4 ,nor d we f9d e>?quakes frequ5t 9 ^? c\ntries1 t ab\nd ) coal-m9es1 z c]ta9ly w\ld be ! case1 if t hypo!sis 0 j4 ,h[ easy w\ld x be1 on ! slighte/ occasion = e>?quakes to happ5 9 ! c\ntries ab\nd+ ) coal-m9es1 :i* are s full ( artificial cavities communicat+ ) "o ano!r1 = _m miles toge!r3 ,! v ?+ suppos$1 by ^? :o hold ! old op9ion1 ( vap\rs trav]s+ ! e>? = t purpose4 ,9 ! coal-pits1 "s small natural cavities n[ & !n are f\nd2 :i* :5 op5$1 s5d =? a pe/if]\s vapor & a fire-damp :i* runs = a long "t toge!r4 ,& ?o' !re are _m sub/ances t may g5]ate air1 )9 ! b[els ( ! e>?2 yet ^! matt]s are inf9itely unable to produce an e>?quake3 ,nev] w\ld h =ce to op5 a passage = !mselves ?ro' ! solid rock1 ( p]haps _m hundr$ feet 9 ?ickness4 ,nor did we obs]ve 9 ^! la/ e>?quakes any fire1 vap\r1 smoke1 or smell1 any k9d ( eruption1 9 ! lea/2 z mu/ c]ta9ly h be51 9 s great a /ruggle ( ! sup]fice1 z affect$ a circle ( s l>ge a diamet]4 ,7 !re su*1 we c\ld sc>ce hope any o!rwise1 ?an t !y w\ld be too s5sibly felt2 to ! de/ruction ( _m ?\s&s1 by _! pe/if]\s qualities4 ,inde$ ?is consid]ation alone1 ( ! ext5t ( t surface1 is suffici5t to ov]?r[ any supposition1 ( e>?quakes be+ *iefly ow+ to subt]rane\s vap\rs3 ,!y _c mom5t>ily fly "u s l>ge a tract ( gr\nd1 if !y 7 ne> ! outw>d %ell ( ! e>?4 ,!y c\ld n d x )\t break+ gr\nd1 & discov]+ !mselves to ! sight1 or smell2 & t = a long "t aft]4 ,x _c possibly be imag9'd1 !y c\ld h s imm5se a =ce1 z to lift up ! city ( ,london1 & nev] be p]ceiv$ by our organs1 & outw>d s5ses4 ,we h frequ5t acc\nts ( a little fire-ball bur/+ 9 ! air1 at a di/ance2 yet x in/antly propagates a sulphure\s smell ar\nd4 ,if ! movem5t ( a sup]ficies ( #cj miles diamet] 0 ow+ to fumes1 & vap\rs2 we ought reasonably to f9d "s great dis*>ges ( !m1 bel*+ out smoke & fire1 = a long "t aft]1 l vulcano's1 & coal-pits fir'd4 ,! op]ation ( ! %ock ought to be ( h\rs cont9uance1 n in/antane\s2 & ! evaporation ( s va/ a quantity ( matt]1 mu/ d>k5 ! :ole region ( ! air = a long "t aft]2 or require a long "t1 if gradually x dis*>ges itself4 ,we see h[ imm5se a volume ( smoke is produc'd by a v small quantity ( gun-p[d]2 & no vap\r c\ld be s subtle1 t produc'd su* effects1 & n be v obvi\s to our s5ses4 ,ev5 9 vulcano's1 x is ! op9ion ( ! le>n$ ,italian philosoph] ,borelli1 & ( o!r great naturali/s1 t !y are k9dl$ fir/ f ! surface1 :]e !re is a possibility ( v5tilation f ! air4 ,!y imag9e1 x beg9s at ! top ( ! m\nta9s2 n by any fanci$ f]m5tation ( ! pyrites & sulphure\s vap\rs aris+ f subt]rane\s cav]ns1 9 ! l[] p>ts ( m\nta9s4 ,!re is ano!r consid]ation1 :i* utt]ly ov]?r[s ^! suppositions1 ( e>?quakes be+ caus$ by any?+ "u-gr\nd2 & t is a due consid]ation ( spr+s1 & f\nta9s p]petually fl[+2 & t f ! creation ( ! _w to ?is day4 ,if we w\ld =m any tol]able idea ( _! nature1 we mu/ ne$s conceive1 t ,god ,almighty has laid _! pipes1 & canals 9 ! e>?1 f a great dep?1 ev5 to ! surface2 l z he has plant$ ! ve9s1 art]ies1 & gl&s 9 an animal body4 ,& likewise t !y are m & m ramify'd1 z !y ne>] approa* ! outw>d %ell ( ! e>?2 j s our ve9s1 & art]ies1 z !y come ne>] ! sk94 ,! workm5 9 coal-m9es1 & ^? ( metals1 m9]als1 & /one-qu>ries1 nev] fail to meet ) spr+s1 & curr5ts ( wat]1 e :]e4 ,(t5 !y ru91 & div]t spr+s ano!r way1 only by digg+ into ! e>? = foxes1 & ! l4 ,:5ev] !y dig = wells1 9 any k9d ( e>?1 !y commonly f9d spr+s4 ,! colli]s1 & work]s ( m9es1 are oblig'd to dra9 ! wat]s (f ) v great exp5ce4 ,^! are circum/ances n favorable to subt]rane\s fires be+ 9 ! e>? 9 abundance2 mu* less to _! be+ ! cause ( e>?quakes4 ,& fur!r1 we _c possibly ?9k ( e>?quakes do+ _! "w t way1 )\t absolutely ru9+ ! :ole sy/em ( spr+s1 & f\nta9s1 ?r\gh\t ! :ole c\ntry1 :]e !y pass4 ,b all ?is is q contr>y to fact2 ev5 :]e an e>?quake has be5 repeat$ly4 ,= an in/ance f home4 ,on ,w$nesday1 ,april #f1 #aehj1 ab\t six 9 ! ev5+1 j su* ano!r e>?quake 0 felt 9 ,london & ar\nd x1 z ^! two we h se54 ,ano!r exactly simil> #afib4 ,9 all ^! f\r1 no h\ses ?r[n d[n1 no spr+s di/urb'd !reby1 no s5sible eruptions nor smells4 ,^! consid]ations ,i apply only to ?is little inconsid]able space1 ( a circle #cj miles diamet]2 z ) u4 ,b :at is t to ! e>?quakes we read ( 9 hi/ory8 ,9 ! ye> ( our ,"l #ag1 no less ?an ?irte5 great & noble cities 9 ,asia m9or1 7 de/roy$ 9 "o night4 ,tacitus1 ,pl9y1 & _m o!r au?ors m5tion x4 ,! fact is s notori\s1 t "s p]sons "h pres5t1 h se5 a va/ block ( :ite m>ble n[ /&+ ne> ,naples2 be+ ! p$e/al ( a coloss /atue ( ,tib]ius ! emp]or2 hav+ c>v'd on x ! g5ius's1 or pictures ( all ^? cities1 ) _! names4 ,! accurate ,bulifon & o!rs h wrote treatises ^u x4 ,^! cities 7 rebuilt by t emp]or4 ,b )\t go+ s f>1 we may see ano!r evid5ce ( x1 a co9 ( t emp]or /ruck ^u ! occasion1 ) ?is inscription1 ,,civitatibus ,,asiae ,,re/itutis4 ,i h "o ( !m1 9 l>ge brass1 :i* 0 f\nd at ,col*e/]4 ,! compass ( ?is e>?quake may be reckon'd to take up #cjj miles diamet]1 z a circle4 ,n[1 we _c conceive1 h[ any subt]rane\s vap\r c produce su* an effect1 z in/antane\sly to demoli% all ^! cities2 & t su* an accid5t %\ld nev] happ5 aft]4 ,t ! :ole c\ntry ( ,asia m9or %\ld n at ! same "t be de/roy'd1 its m\nta9s be r5v]s$1 its f\nta9s1 spr+s1 & riv]s brok5 up & ru9'd = ev]4 ,in/ead :]e( we f9d no?+ suff]$1 b ^? cities2 no k9d ( alt]ation 9 ! surface ( ! c\ntry2 x rema9s ! same z x 7 9 ! beg9n+ ( "t4 ,9 #aehf an e>?quake 9 ,p]u1 t ext5d$ #ijj miles4 ,f ^! consid]ations1 ,i _c p]suade myself1 to ent] into ! op9ion ( vap\rs1 & eruptions be+ ! cause s\ght =2 &1 aft] we h treat$ ! argum5t 9 a sup]ficial view1 we mu/ g a little deep]4 ,if we w\ld consid] ?+s l philosoph]s1 let u propose to ourselves ?is problem3 ,:]e is ! p[] to be plac'd1 t is requir'd to move a surface ( e>? #cj miles 9 diamet]8 ,to answ] ?is1 consult ! +9e]s1 & ^? t make m9es 9 ! sieges ( t[ns2 !y w acqua9t u1 t ! effect ( m9es is produc$ 9 =m ( an inv]t$ cone4 ,& t a diamet] ( #cj miles1 9 ! base1 w require an axis ( #ae or #bj miles to op]ate ^u t base1 s z to %ake x1 at lea/4 ,n[ ! vap\rs1 or :atev] p[] we propose to op]ate1 accord+ to ! =ego+ requisite1 9 ord] to =m ! appe>ance ( an e>?quake1 mu/ be #ae or #bj miles deep 9 ! e>?4 ,b :at m9d c conceive1 t any natural p[] is able to move an inv]t$ cone ( solid e>?1 ^: base is #cj miles diamet]1 ^: axis #bj8 or 0 x possible2 w\ld n ! :ole texture ( t body ( e>? be q di/urb'd & %att]'d1 especially 9 reg>d to its spr+s & f\nta9s8 b no?+ l ?is is ev] f\nd to be ! consequ5ce ( an e>?quake1 ?o' fatal to cities4 ,apply ?is reason+ to ! e>?quake ( ,asia m9or1 & ?is vigor\s pr9ciple at ! apex ( ! cone mu/ lie1 at lea/1 #bjj ,miles deep 9 ! gr\nd4 ,en\gh to %[ ! absurdity ( any mov+ p[] plac'd "u ! ,e>?6 ,a cone ( #cjj miles diamet] at base1 #bjj miles axis3 ,i d>e be bold to say1 t all ! gun-p[d] made s9ce its inv5tion1 if put toge!r & fir$1 w\ld n be able to move x2 h[ mu* less p5t up vap\rs8 :at mu/ we say ( a circle ( #ijj miles diamet]8 ,b1 c\ld t be admitt$ z possible1 w\ld any "o be p]suad$1 t su* a subt]rane\s tumult1 ( s va/ an ext5t1 w be no ways injuri\s to ! int]nal sy/em ( spr+s & f\nta9s1 & t ?is %all (t5 be repeat$ )\t ! lea/ damage8 ,we may z well imag9e1 t we c /ab a man #ajj times & nev] t\* ve9 or art]y4 ,s9ce ,i gave 9 my two pap]s to ! ,royal ,society1 a lett] ( ,mr4 ,flam/$'s has be5 pr9t$1 :i* abundantly confirms my s5tim5ts4 ,! :ole drift ( x is1 to %[ h[ invalid is ! vulg> idea conceiv'd1 ( e>?quakes aris+ f subt]rane\s vap\rs & eruptions3 ,t ! e>? itself is n mov$ to any dep?1 & t ! %ock mu/ arise f ! atmosph]e4 ,! circum/ances :i* he has judici\sly collect$1 are extremely agreeable to m9e2 _m ( !m ! v same1 /rongly confirm+ my hypo!sis3 ,& _h t great man kn[n ! prop]ties ( electricity1 :i* we are n[ ma/]s (1 he w\ld h prev5t$ me 9 ?is affair4 ,consid]+ 7says he7 :at v>iety ( sub/ances1 s&1 gravel1 /ones1 rock1 m9]als1 clay1 & mold1 our e>? is comp\nd$ (1 & h[ little nitre1 or explosive matt]1 a l>ge quantity !re( w af=d2 ,i _c ?9k1 :]e we c f9d matt] en\gh to move s va/ a bulk ( e>?1 z all ! ,s\? p>ts ( ,engl&1 all ! ,ne!rl&s1 ) "p ( ,g]many1 all ,france1 & p]haps ,italy1 7:i* 7 %ock'd at once ! #h? ( ,septemb] la/ #afib27 or "p ( ,asia1 & ne> all ,europe1 :i* trembl$ toge!r ! same day1 #ia ye>s be=e4 ,b1 all[+ !re may h be5 suffici5t matt] prep>$ = ^! purposes1 ,i c h>dly ?9k1 !re are cont9u$ cavities1 at any reasonable dep?1 all "u ,europe1 :]e9 an explosion be+ made1 might %ake ! :ole at once1 & yet make no clefts1 or sep>ations1 9 ^? p>ts :]e ! m9]als & m\nta9\s rocks "p f ! light mold & clay4 ,if an hundr$ b>rels ( gun-p[d] c\ld be fix$ 9 "s cave1 a ?\s& y>ds "u gr\nd2 all[+ ! =ce ( ! explosion suffici5t to raise all ! weight ( e>? incumb5t on ! cav]n2 x w\ld c]ta9ly break ! loose mold f any l>ge solid rock we may conceive adjac5t1 & leave at lea/ "s clefts beh9d x4 ,b we seldom or nev] he> ( su* clefts1 made 9 su* places1 :5 e>?quakes happ54 ,aga91 he writes ?us3 ,i _c appreh5d1 7if all e>?quakes mu/ be made by explosions 9 subt]rane\s cav]ns7 :y sometimes a l>ge c\ntry1 or :ole cont95t1 %\ld be !reby %ook all at once2 :y !re %\ld be no eruptions 9 ! neighb\rhood8 ,f all circum/ances consid]'d1 he concludes1 t ! ab/ruse1 effective cause ( !m comes f ! air2 & t a calm is necess>y be=e an e>?quake4 ,& ^! two p>ticul>s are likewise ,dr4 ,hales's positions3 ,! e>?-lightn+1 z he calls x1 is fir/ k9dl$ on ! surface1 & n at great dep?s1 z has be5 ?\ght2 ^: explosion is ! imm$iate cause ( an e>?quake4 ,he says1 long1 dry1 hot seasons1 are usually ! prep>atory =]unn]s ( e>?quakes4 ,f all ^! consid]ations ,i conclude2 e>?quakes are n caus'd by subt]rane\s vapors4 ,,ii4 ,we are to inquire1 :at is ! cause ( e>?quakes4 ,9 an age :5 electricity has be5 s mu* our ent]ta9m5t1 & our amazem5t2 :5 we are become s well acqua9t$ ) its /up5d\s p[]s & prop]ties1 its velocity1 & in/antane\s op]ation ?r\gh any giv5 di/ance2 :5 we see1 ^u a t\*1 or an approa*1 betwe5 a non-electric & an electrifi$ body1 :at a wond]ful vibration is produc'd6 :at a snap x gives6 h[ an innocu\s flame breaks =?6 h[ viol5t a %ock6 ,is x to be wond]'d at1 t hi!r we turn our ?\ghts1 = ! solution ( ! prodigi\s appe>ance ( an e>?quake8 ,"h is at once an assemblage ( all ^? prop]ties & circum/ances :i* we s (t5 see 9 c\rses ( electricity4 ,electricity may be call'd a sort ( s\l to matt]1 ?\ght to be an e!real fire p]vad+ all ?+s2 & act+ in/antane\sly1 :]e1 & z f> z x is excit$4 ',tis e body's obs]vation1 t !re nev] 0 a w9t]1 l ! la/ pa/1 9 any "o's memory1 s extremely rem>kable = w>m? & dr9ess1 ab\nd+ ) ?und] & lightn+1 v uncommon 9 w9t]2 coruscations 9 ! air frequ5t1 ju/ly ?\ght electrical by all philosoph]s2 p>ticul>ly1 twice we _h ! extraord9>y appe>ance ( t call$ aurora au/ralis1 ) col\rs altoge!r unusual2 & ?is j be=e ! fir/ e>?quake3 ,all ! :ile ! w9d con/antly s\? & s\?-we/1 & t )\t ra91 :i* is unusual ) ^! w9ds4 ,?is /ate ( ! atmosph]e _h cont9u$ five mon?s be=e ! fir/ e>?quake4 ,is x n h5ce reasonable to conclude1 t ! e>?1 especially 9 our region1 mu/ be br\ght into an unusual /ate ( electricity2 into t vibratory condition :]e9 electricity consi/s2 &1 consequ5tly1 no?+ 0 want+ b ! approa* ( a non-electric body1 to produce t snap1 & t %ock1 :i* we call an e>?quake2 a vibration ( ! sup]ficies ( ! e>?4 ,t ! e>? 0 9 t vibratory & electric /ate we h fur!r reason to conclude1 f ! v extraord9>y =w>dness ( all ! vegetable _w ) u4 ,e "o kn[s1 t1 at ! end ( ,febru>y1 all sorts ( g>d5-/uff1 trees1 fruits1 & fl[]s1 7 z =w>d z 9 o!r ye>s1 by ! middle ( ,april4 ,con=mable to :i*1 exp]im5ts abundantly %[1 t electrify+ ( plants quick5s _! gr[?1 equally z 9 animals x quick5s ! pulse4 ,nor w ! unusual dr9ess & w>m? ( ! wea!r solely acc\nt = su* a precipitate vegetation3 because a necess>y supply ( ra9 0 want+1 z 9 ! natural ,spr+-season4 ,a v long dry fro/ w produce ! same electrical /ate ( ! e>?1 z x equally fav\rs electrical exp]im5ts4 ,?us1 ,m>* #bg1 #ajgf1 a fro/ f ! #a/ ( ,novemb] to ! middle ( ,april1 a g5]al e>?quake 9 ,engl& succe$$4 ,matt4 ,p>is4 ,t ( ,ox=d1 #ag? ( ,septemb] #afhc1 0 aft] a fro/4 ,jan4 #d1 #afhj1 ,an e>?quake 9 ,som]set%ire3 ,! air 0 v calm2 a fro/y night4 ,mr4 ,flam/$ concurs ) u1 9 our fir/ position1 ,t e>?quakes always happ5 9 calm seasons4 ,he adds1 ,t ,keck]man1 a le>n$ au?or1 :o wrote on ! subject1 affirms1 & backs x f ! au?ority ( ,ari/otle & ,pl9y4 ,! #h? ( ,septemb] #afja 0 a v calm day b cl\dy3 ,& ! ,smyrna m]*ants obs]ve ! e>?quakes !re happ5 9 calm1 /ill wea!r4 ,! rem>kable cle>ness & calmness ( ! morn+ 0 obs]v$ 9 t ( ,ox=d #ag? ( ,septemb] #afhc1 & ! air cont9u$ s = five or six days aft]3 ,!re=e we may inf]1 t x is n impossible1 :at has be5 abundantly relat$1 t "s =eign]s f ,italy "h 9 ,engl&1 "s f ! ,we/-,indies 79 bo? :i* c\ntries e>?quakes are m frequ5t ?an ) u7 did seem to appreh5d our fir/ e>?quakes f ! app>5t temp] ( ! wea!r2 & obs]vations ( ?is k9d are z old z ,ari/otle4 ,x is obs]v$ 9 ,jamaica1 :5 ! air is extraord9>y calm1 an e>?quake is always appreh5d$4 ,we _h lately read at ! ,royal ,society1 a v curi\s disc\rse1 f ,mr4 ,frankl9 ( ,philadelphia1 conc]n+ ?und]gu/s1 lightn+1 ! nor!rn lights1 & meteors4 ,all :i* he rightly solves f ! doctr9e ( electricity4 ,=1 if a cl\d rais$ f ! sea1 :i* is a non-electric1 happ5s to t\* a cl\d rais$ f exhalations ( ! l&1 :5 electrifi$1 x mu/ imm$iately cause ?und] & lightn+4 ,! electrical fire fl[+ f ! t\* ( p]haps a ?\s& miles compass ( cl\ds1 makes t appe>ance1 :i* we call lightn+4 ,! snap :i* we he> 9 our electrical exp]im5ts1 :5 re-e*o$ f cl\d to cl\d1 ! ext5t ( ! firmam5t1 makes t affrightn+ s\nd ( ?und]4 ,f ! same pr9ciple ,i inf]1 t1 if a non-electric cl\d dis*>ges its cont5ts ^u any "p ( ! e>?1 :5 9 a high electrifi$ /ate1 an e>?quake mu/ necess>ily ensue4 ,! %ip made ^u ! contact ( _m miles compass ( solid e>? is t horrible unc\? noise1 :i* we he> ^u an e>?quake2 & ! %ock is ! e>?quake itself4 ,9 ! relation receiv$ f ,portsm\?1 & ! ,isle ( ,wight1 conc]n+ ! la/ %ock !re1 on ! #ah? ( ,m>*1 ! writ] obs]ves1 ! ,day 0 w>m & s]5e2 b1 ^u a g5tle %[] fall+ 9 ! ev5+1 ! e>?quake came4 ,"h we h reason to appreh5d ! electrifi$ /ate ( ! e>?1 & ! t\* ( ! non-electric3 :i* caus$ ! e>?quake4 ,! le>n$ ,dr4 ,*ildrey obs]ves1 treat+ on ?is subject1 t e>?quakes happ5 ^u ra92 a sudd5 %[] ( ra9 9 ! "t ( a great dr\ght4 ',tis object$1 t1 if ?is 0 ! case1 no?+ w\ld be m frequ5t ?an e>?quakes2 b ^! two circum/ances concurr+1 a %[] & dry wea!r1 mu/ n necess>ily cause x1 any m ?an t\*+ a tube be=e x is electrifi$ causes a snap4 ,! e>? mu/ be 9 a prop] electrifi$ /ate to produce x2 & electricity has its fits2 is remitt$1 int5d$1 ceas$ & recomm5c$4 ,x has its b\nds4 ,all causes mu/ concur4 ,& n[1 ) u1 all necess>y causes did s app>5tly4 ,?o' a %[] ( ra9 fall+ ^u ! e>? :5 electrifi$1 may cause an e>?quake1 yet too mu* ra9 be=e1 w prev5t t /ate ( electricity1 necess>y4 ,! day be=e ! cata/rophe ( ,port-,royal1 ! wea!r 0 rem>kably s]5e & cle>4 ,9 t mo/ dreadful e>?quake1 #afib1 ( ,sicily1 :]e #ed cities & t[ns1 beside a great numb] ( villages 7 de/roy'd2 b especially ! :ole city ( ,catania3 ,x 0 prec$$ by a mo/ agreeable1 s]5e & w>m season1 :i* 0 ! m obs]vable on acc\nt ( its be+ unusual at t "t ( ! ye>4 ,i h be5 in=m'd1 t 9 ! morn+ ( bo? e>?quakes la/ pa/ ) u1 ! air 0 s]5e & calm2 on ! morn+ be=e t #h? ( ,febru>y1 ! air 0 obs]v'd to be rem>kably calm2 & t a little be=e1 a black cl\d appe>'d ov] great "p ( ! horizon4 ,dr4 ,hales1 9 8 relation1 says1 ! ,c5t9els 9 ,/4 ,james's ,p>k1 & o!rs :o 7 abroad 9 ! morn+ ( ! la/ e>?quake1 obs]v'd a l>ge black cl\d1 & "s coruscations1 j be=e ! %ock1 & t x 0 v calm wea!r3 ,& t1 9 ! hi/ory ( e>?quakes1 !y g5]ally beg9 9 calm wea!r1 ) a black cl\d4 ,?is obs]vation precludes ! suspicion ( e>?quakes aris+ f tumults & commotions 9 ! upp]1 or "u region ( ! air4 ,! rem>kable cle>ness ( ! air be=e e>?quakes1 obs]v'd by all1 %[s evid5tly h[ free x is f vap\rs & ! l4 ,agreeable to our fif? position1 ,mr4 ,flam/$ writes1 ,a holl[ noise 9 ! air always prec$es an e>?quake1 s ne> t x r seems to accompany !m4 ,he ref]s u to ,philosophical ,transactions1 ,no #aea4 p4 #caa4 ,! noise 0 he>d by _m t liv'd 9 ! out-/reets1 & alleys ( ,london1 remote f ! noise & tumult ( ! great] /reets4 ,?is he speaks ( t felt 9 ,london #afib2 b n[ ! :ole city he>d ! noise1 on bo? ^! e>?quakes ( ours4 ,! g>d5]1 :o gave a relation to ! ,royal ,society ( :at he obs]v$ 9 ! ,temple-g>d51 took notice1 t fir/ he he>d ! mo/ dreadful noise imag9able1 :i* he ?\ght to be a great dis*>ge ( %ip-guns1 on ! riv]3 & t ! noise roll$ f ! wat]-side t[>ds ,temple-b>1 r be=e ! nodd+ ( ! h\ses4 ,! g5tleman :o obs]v$ x ab\t ,h>t+=dbury1 says1 ! noise prec$$ ! %ock4 ,& ?is is a common obs]vation1 :i* at once bo? /r5g!ns our op9ion ( electricity1 & confutes t ( subt]rane\s vap\rs2 =1 9 ! latt] case1 ! concussion mu/ prec$e ! noise4 ,agreeable to out second position1 ,mr4 ,flam/$ writes1 ,t e>?quakes are felt at sea1 equally z on l&4 ,our m]*ants say1 t1 ?o' ! wat] 9 ! bay ( ,smyrna lies level & smoo? z a pond2 yet %ips rid+ !re feel ! %ocks v s5sibly1 b 9 a v diff]5t mann] f ! h\ses at l&3 ,= !y heave n1 b tremble2 _! ma/s %iv]1 z if !y w\ld fall to pieces & _! guns />t 9 _! c>riages1 ?\gh ! surface ( ! sea lies all ! "t calm & unmov$4 ,9 ,dr4 ,hook's ,philosophical ,collections1 ,no #f4 p4 #ahe4 we are told1 ,t a %ip felt a %ock 9 ! ma9 ocean2 t ! pass5g]s1 :o _h be5 asleep 9 _! cab9s1 came ^u deck 9 a fright1 fe>+ ! %ip _h /ruck ^u "s rock2 b1 on heav+ ! lead1 f\nd !mselves out ( s\nd+s4 ,all ?is is extremely agreeable to our assumption4 ,! wat] receives ! electrical t\*1 & vibratory inte/9e motion ( its p>ts1 z well z l&4 ,& ! impression may be made solely on ! writ] a non-electric1 by ! t\* ( an electric fire-ball1 or ! l2 & t seems to h be5 (t5 ! c>e4 ,! prop] vibratory motion is impress'd on ! wat] )\t ruffl+ its surface2 & s communicat$ to all ! p>ts ( ! %ip1 gives ! s5se ( a %ock to ! bottom1 ! %iv]+ to ! ma/1 & ! re/ ( ! symptoms3 :i* suffici5tly proclaim ! cause ( x to be an electrical impression ^u ! wat]4 ,! presid5t m5tion$ a relation ( a wat]man1 t felt x 9 8 boat ^u ! riv]2 he ?\ght x l a great ?ump at ! bottom ( ! boat4 ,& s ! %ips at sea fancy1 !y /rike ^u a rock4 ,?is makes u appreh5d1 ! reason ( ! fi%es leap+ up out ( ! canal 9 ,s\?w>k1 ( :i* we _h an acc\nt4 ,s 9 t ( ,ox=d1 #afhc1 "o fi%+ 9 ! ,*>well felt 8 boat tremble "u him1 & ! less] fi%es seem'd affright$ by an unusual skipp+4 ,t electricity is ! cause s\ght =1 seems d$ucible f ?is consid]ation4 ,sev]al writ]s on e>?quakes assimilate ^! vibrations ( ! e>? to ^? ( a musical /r+4 ,exp]im5ts h %[n1 t fi%es 9 wat] may be kill$ by ! p>ticul> tone ( a musical /r+2 & 'tis kn[n1 t electricity w kill animals4 ,!y assur$ly felt ! vibratory motion 9 ! wat]1 :i* !y 7 absolutely /rang]s to be=e4 ,no d\bt x made !m sick2 z ^? ( weak n]ves on l&4 ,& ?is circum/ance alone precludes any suspicion ( subt]rane\s fires "u ! ocean4 ,or1 if we 7 to admit ( x1 w\ld ! boil+ ( ! wat] exhibit any appe>ance1 l :at we are speak+ (1 ei!r to ! wat]1 or to ! %ip8 ,mr4 ,flam/$ likewise concurs 9 our eigh? position1 ,t _m p f\nd !mselves sudd5ly sick at /oma*1 & _! heads dizzy & light2 s t ^? t _h =m]ly fits ( apoplexies1 dread$ _! return2 p>ticul>ly1 "o g5tleman1 a surgeon1 feel+ himself s affect$1 & fe>+ a return ( 8 apoplexy1 resolv$ to be let blood1 )\t suspect+ ! e>?quake4 ,aft] ^! two %ocks :i* we felt1 _m p _h pa9s 9 _! jo9ts & back1 z aft] electrify+2 _m _h sickness1 headakes1 hy/]ic & n]v\s disord]s1 & colicks1 = ! :ole day aft]1 & "s mu* long]1 especially p ( weak n]ves1 weak con/itutions2 "s wom5 misc>ry'd ^u x2 to "s x has prov'd fatal4 ,to ?is we mu/ attribute1 t relation we _h1 ( ! dog ly+ asleep be=e ! fire2 b ^u ! e>?quake1 he sudd5ly rose up1 run ab\t ! room1 :9+1 & endeav\r+ to get out4 ,any solid matt] is capable ( be+ put into a /ate or electricity1 su* z iron guns2 & ! m s1 by reason ( _! solidity4 ,& 9 proportion to x1 is ! greatness ( ! snap1 & ( ! %ock2 & a k9d ( lamb5t flame issues f ! po9t ( contact2 & likewise some:at ( a sulphure\s smell3 ,s t if bo? flame & smell 7 disc]nible 9 an e>?quake2 'tis to be f\nd1 )\t go+ to ! b[els ( ! e>?4 ,dr4 ,hales m5tions1 t solid bodies are ! be/ conductors ( a]eal lightn+2 :5ce oaks are r5t1 & iron melt$4 ,& 9 our e>?quakes 9 ,london1 ! l\de/ noise 0 he>d ne> su* l>ge /one build+s1 z *ur*es1 ) l(ty /eeples4 ,f ! top ( ^! we mu/ appreh5d1 t ! electrical explosion goes (f into ! op5 air2 z 9 our exp]im5ts1 f ! po9t ( swords1 & ! l4 ,! electrical %ock is proportionate to ! solid electrifi$1 agreeable to our sev5? position4 ,?is fully acc\nts = e>?quakes 9 g5]al1 & = _m 9 p>ticul>4 ,:at c be imag9'd great] ?an a %ock ( ! body ( ! e>?8 ',tis great]1 or less 9 proportion to ! /ate ( electrification4 ,& n[ we c acc\nt = sev]al appe>ances4 ,9 ! fir/ e>?quake1 ! ,"l ,*ancellor1 ,ma/]s 9 ,*anc]y1 & sev]al ,judges1 7 sitt+ 9 ,we/m9/]-,hall1 ) _! backs to ! wall ( ! upp]-end1 :i* is ( a va/ ?ickness4 ,!y all relate ! sev]ity ( ! %ock1 f ! wall seem+ to pu% t[>ds !m ) great viol5ce4 ,& ?us 9 ! e>?quake ( #afib1 ,deal ca/le is "o ( !m built by ,h5ry ,,viii4 ! walls are ( imm5se ?ickness1 & /r5g?2 yet !y %ook s s5sibly1 t ! p liv+ 9 x1 expect$ x 0 fall+ on _! heads4 ,& ?is is ! case 9 all e>?quakes3 ! m sub/antial ! build+1 ! m viol5t is ! %ock3 exactly ! mode ( electrical vibration4 ,& ?is ,dr4 ,hales takes notice ( & o!rs2 t an e>?quake %att]s rocks ( m>ble1 m easily ?an ! /rata ( s&1 e>?1 or gravel4 ,9 ! e>?quake "h ( #afib1 a great cliff fell d[n ne> ,dov]2 & "p ( ,saltwood-ca/le wall4 ',tis f h5ce we acc\nt = t obs]vation1 t :5 we electrify any p]son2 ^u a t\*1 ! pa9 & bl[ ( ! %ock is felt at ! jo9ts1 ! wri/1 elb[1 & %\ld]1 = in/ance1 m ?an 9 ! int]m$iate p>ts2 because !re is ! greate/ quantity ( solid4 ,at ! same "t1 t ! =ce ( electricity 9 solids1 is z ! quantity ( matt]3 we see mo/ evid5tly1 by innum]able exp]im5ts1 t wat] is equally assi/ant 9 /r5g!n+1 & convey+ ! =ce ( electricity2 & t 9 proportion too to its quantity4 ,& h5ce is to be d$uc'd ! reason ( my obs]vation2 t ! mo/ frequ5t & dreadful e>?quakes h fall5 ^u m>itime places4 ,& ,i f9d ! same is tak5 notice ( 9 "s degree1 by ,aco/a1 by ,dolittle1 :o wrote on t 9 #afib1 & o!rs4 ,9 ! dreadful cata/rophe at ,port-,royal !n1 'tis notori\s1 t its viol5ce 0 *iefly ne> ! sea4 ,s ,lima c\ld n suff] )\t its port ( ,callao4 ,ev5 9 ^? s lately felt by u1 !y 7 s5sibly m viol5t t[>ds ! riv]1 ?an f>!r f x4 ,9 t e>?quake :i* 0 felt 9 ,engl&1 9 ! ye> #afib1 7:i* 0 v mu* l ^! ) u7 !re 7 no h\ses ?r[n d[n1 nor p]sons kill'd3 b x rea*'d m p>ticul>ly ,%e]ness1 ,s&wi*1 ,deal1 ,dov]1 ,portsm\?1 & ! m>itime p>ts ( ,holl&1 ,fl&]s1 & ,norm&y4 ,9 ?is t happ5$ on ,sunday ! #ah? ( ,m>* la/1 at ,ba?2 x 0 felt p>ticul>ly & /rongly at ,portsm\?1 sev5 miles above & bel[ x1 on ! sea-side2 all r\nd ! isle ( ,wight1 at ,s\?ampton1 ! sea-coa/ ( ,selsey1 s\? ( ,*i*e/]1 ,arundel1 & ! :ole coa/ ( ,sussex1 )\t go+ up ! l&2 & across ! sea to ! isl&s ( ,j]sey & ,gu]nsey4 ,on ,monday night1 ! #b;d ( ?is in/ant ,april1 #agej1 at t5 o'clock1 at ,lev]pool1 a %ock ( an e>?quake4 ,& felt 9 sev]al o!r places 9 ! neighb\rhood2 b p>ticul>ly at ,*e/]1 & ,w>+ton4 ,if we look into anci5t hi/ory1 we f9d #aig ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 an e>?quake %ook t]ribly ! isle ( ,rhodes1 damag'd _m cities3 & "s q swall['d up4 ,sev5te5 ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 _m cities 9 ! isle ( ,cyprus de/roy'd4 ,six ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 ! isle ( ,coos vehem5tly afflict$4 ,dur+ ! ,peloponnesian w> among ! ,greeks1 ! isle ( ,delos %ak51 & ! mo/ beautiful temple ( ,apollo ?r[n d[n4 ,soon aft]1 ! city ( ,lac$mon totally de/roy'd4 ,a4 ,d4 #gi4 ,?ree cities 9 ,cyprus ov]?r[n4 ,a4 ,d4 #hb4 ,! city ( ,smyrna ru9$4 ,9 ! "t ( ,val5s ! emp]or1 a t]rible e>?quake 9 ,crete1 :]eby #ajj cities 7 de/roy'd4 ,feb4 #ac1 #abdg1 ,an e>?quake1 *iefly felt 9 ! ,?ames4 ,matt4 ,p>is4 ,may1 #achb1 ,a g5]al e>?quake1 :i* did mu* mis*ief2 ! ,friday foll[+ "o less2 ! ,saturday foll[+1 "o felt mo/ly by wat]4 ,h5ry de ,knyhton4 ,hol9%$4 ,a4 ,d4 #adef1 ,9 ! city ( ,naples1 #dj1jjj p lo/4 ,con/ant9ople has (t5 suff]'d2 p>ticul>ly 9 #aeji1 #ac1jjj p ov]:elm'd4 #aeca1 ,at ,lisbon1 #adjj h\ses ?r[n d[n2 z _m %att]'d4 ,april1 #afij1 ,! ,leew>d-,isl&s1 ,monts]at1 ,nevis1 & ,antigua3 ,at ,m>t9ico1 & ! ,fr5* isl&s1 at ,/4 ,lucia1 c4 a viol5t e>?quake4 ,dec4 #h1 #agjc1 ,an e>?quake at ,hull1 a p]fect calm4 #agjb1 ,at ,/r\tion1 9 ,argyle%ire1 :i* ext5d$ all along ! we/ coa/ ( ,great-,brita92 b to no bread? on l&4 ,oct4 #be1 #agcd1 ,at ,havant1 9 ,sussex1 consid]able1 ! air p]fectly calm4 ,b in/ances en\gh1 to %[ :at ,i aim'd at1 t m>itime places are mo/ subject2 :i* is a /rong argum5t 9 fav\r ( electricity2 :5 bo? ! solid ( ! e>?1 & ! quantity ( ! wat] concur1 to make ! %ock2 exactly z 9 electrical exp]im5ts2 :5 ! bottle ( wat] is held 9 ! h&4 ,?us :5 our m9d is dis*>g$ ( ! prejudices ( =m] notions1 we disc]n1 t e appe>ance fav\rs ! pr9ciple we g ^u4 ,t1 agreeable to ,mr4 ,flam/$1 subt]rane\s explosions1 c\ld !y p]vade1 & trav]se ! e>? at pleasure1 mu/ at la/ bur/1 & disp]se e ?+ 9 _! way4 ,yet 'tis n possible = u to imag9e1 su* a k9d ( vibration %\ld foll[1 ei!r by sea or l&1 z t we are treat+ (4 ,b electricity compleatly answ]s x4 ,?is acc\nts = t sup]ficial movem5t ( ! e>?1 t univ]sal in/antane\s %ock1 :i* made e h\se 9 ,london to tremble1 none to fall3 ,t quiv]+1 tremul\s1 horizontal vibration1 highly diff]5t f any motion we mu/ conceive1 to be produc'd f subt]rane\s evaporations4 ,h5ce au?ors tell u1 ,dec4 #cj1 #agci1 describ+ an e>?quake 9 ! we/-rid+ ( ,york%ire3 ,x seem'd z if ! e>? mov'd backw>d & =w>d horizontally2 a quiv]+1 ) reciprocal vibrations4 ,mr4 ,flam/$ rightly acc\nts ! motion ( e>?quakes to be undulatory2 & by be+ cont9u$1 causes a l motion to a great di/ance4 ,z :5 y /rike a long /ret*'d /r+ ( wire at "o end1 ! motion is imm$iately cont9u$ to ! o!r4 ,s f> he ent]$ into ! nature ( electricity4 ,?o' he be 9 ! "r1 ?9k+ ! cause comes f ! air1 yet :at foll[s1 contradicts 8 own hypo!sis4 ,= if a calm be necess>y be=e an e>?quake2 !n 'tis n produc'd by any turbul5ce 9 ! air4 ,nor c we imag9e t any a]ial commotion1 ?o' x may %ake w9d[s1 *imneys1 & ! l1 %all rea* #ejj miles di/ance1 split ! solid e>?1 de/roy :ole cities1 & cause ^? dire desolations we he> (4 ,mr4 ,flam/$ m5tions a circum/ance1 t ! e>?quake "h 9 #afib1 0 n felt 9 ! nor? ( ,engl&1 nor 9 all ,scotl&3 = ra9 fell t day 9 bo?4 ,we may v readily conceive1 ! e>? !re 0 n 9 an electrifi$ /ate2 & ! ra9 w\ld suffici5tly prev5t x4 ,we h5ce und]/&1 h[ ! s\!rn regions %\ld be m subject to !m1 ?an our nor!rn2 :]e ! w>m?1 & dr9ess ( ! air1 s necess>y to electricity1 is m frequ5t ?an ) u4 ,f electric vibration only c we acc\nt = our t5? position1 ( spr+s1 & f\nta9s be+ no ways damag'd by e>?quakes3 ,! motion goes no deep] into ! e>?1 ?an ! =ce & quantity ( ! %ock rea*es2 :i* g5]ally is n f>2 yet x proce$s l[] d[n :5 ! ready passage ( a well (f]s1 & !re affects ! wat] conta9$ 9 x2 puts x into an inte/9e vibration1 z to f\l x1 & raise mud f ! bottom4 ,x may seem difficult to conceive1 h[ a l>ge portion ( ! e>?'s surface %\ld be ?us capable ( electrification4 ,?is difficulty is less5$ by reflect+ on ! nature ( electricity1 & ( ! electrical1 e!real fluid p]vad+ all ?+s3 h[ x is excit$ by ! little motion ( a small revolv+ glass globe4 ,by ?is we electrify ! mo/ solid bodies1 to ! greate/ di/ance1 & ) a velocity equal to t ( lightn+4 ,dr4 ,hales obs]ves1 t ! usual explosion ( ! cannon on great days1 9 ,/4 ,james's-,p>k1 is obs]v'd to electrify ! glass1 9 ! w9d[s ( ! ,treasury4 ,we mu/ conceive1 t :5 ! electric %ock is communicat$ to "o "p ( ! e>?1 x ext5ds itself proportionably to ! =ce ( ! %ock1 & to ! quantity ( electrifi$ surface2 & to ! quality ( ! matt] m or less susceptible ( x1 m or less apt to propagate x4 ,set #ajjj m5 9 a r[2 let e "o communicate ) ^? next him by an iron-wire held 9 _! h&s3 on an electrical %ock !y all feel x alike1 at ! same in/ant2 & ?is gives u a v good idea ( ! e>?quake4 ,:5 ! e>? is brok5 up 9 any l>ge degree1 'tis by ! sea-side2 :]e sometimes on a bold %ore1 :ole /reets tumble into ! sea1 or into ! gap+ e>?1 n[ fall+ t[>d ! sea4 ,sometimes on a flat & s&y %ore1 :ole /reets are roll$ along ! level into ! sea4 ,i am n s5sible ( any real objection aga9/ our hypo!sis1 b ?is1 be+ ! elev5? ( my positions1 or circum/ances4 ,x seems true1 t e>?quakes are m frequ5t 9 ,italy1 ne> ,vesuvius1 & by tna1 9 ,sicily4 ,& ! cause seems app>5tly ow+ to ^! vulcano's4 ,at fir/ sight1 e "o w\ld ?9k s1 b n f ! true reason4 ,?is has giv5 ! great prejudice to ! judgm5ts ( ! curi\s1 ev5 at ?is day4 ,b consid] ! matt] imp>tially1 & x w appe>1 s f> f be+ a /rong argum5t 9 fav\r ( subt]rane\s eruptions1 t x ought to be e/eem'd a conv9c+ pro( to ! contr>y1 & mo/ cog5t 9 fav\r ( my pr9ciple4 ,9 /ricte/ logic1 !re is no inf]5ce to be made f p>ticul>s to g5]als4 ,q ! contr>y4 ,we h b ^! two or ?ree vulcano's on "o qu>t] ( ! globe1 & two ( !m t[>d ! w>m] climate ( x2 :]eas e>?quakes are innum]able1 especially 9 ^? ( a w>m] clime4 ,t !re are no vulcano's1 no dis*>ges ( fire & smoke = a cont9uance1 & abundance1 aft] e>?quakes2 no suspicion ( x ei!r f sight or smell1 z we "k by innum]able examples1 z well z 9 our own c\ntry1 & exp]i5ce3 is demon/ration1 t ?is is n ! cause4 ,if ! vulcano's 7 ! real cause ( e>?quakes1 we ought assur$ly to expect1 t 9 ! c\ntries !reab\ts1 ! e>?quakes ought to be f> m ext5sive ?an ^? 9 o!r c\ntries1 :]e are no vulcano's2 b ?is is altoge!r contr>y to exp]i5ce4 ,=1 z ! celebrat$ naturali/ ,buffon obs]ves1 su* are n ext5sive1 z are ne> tna & ,vesuvius4 ,he fur!r adds3 ,hi/oire naturelle1 tom4 ,i4 p4 #ejh4 speak+1 among _m o!rs1 ( a vulcano 9 ! isl& ( ,t]nate1 he rem>ks1 ,t ?is burn+ gulph is less agitat$ :5 ! air is calm1 & ! season mild1 ?an 9 /orms & hurricanes2 & says1 ,?is confirms :at ,i h said 9 my =ego+ disc\rse1 & seems evid5tly to prove1 t ! fire :i* makes vulcano's comes n f ! bottom ( m\nta9s1 b f ! tops1 or at lea/ f a v little dep?2 & t ! he>? 7or floor7 ( ! fire is n f> f ! summit ( ! vulcano's2 =1 if ?is 0 n ! case1 great w9ds c\ld n contribute to _! conflagration4 ,& ?is1 9 g5]al1 is a corroborative pro( ( my :ole hypo!sis4 ,= !re c be no great fire 9 ! e>?1 :]e !re is no great conveyance ( air4 ,we h "o vulcano 9 ! cold region ( ,icel&1 & !re is sometimes an e>?quake !re2 b1 9 ! c\ntries ( t nor!rn latitude1 & ^? ( less]1 'tis obvi\s 9 all hi/ory1 t e>?quakes are less frequ5t ?an 9 ! m s\!rn4 ,!re=e 'tis easy1 & v natural to conclude1 f all consid]ations weigh$ toge!r1 t ^! vulcano's help to put ! e>? ab\t !m1 into t vibratory /ate & condition ( electricity1 :i* is ! requisite 9 my hypo!sis1 & by t means only1 promote a frequ5cy ( e>?quakes !re4 ,i h only "o circum/ance to add1 :i* may seem n inconsid]able2 probably p]ceiv$ by _m1 ?o' n tak5 notice (4 ,= a :ole week be=e ! fir/ e>?quake1 ! p>tition wa9scot ( my h\se 7betwe5 ! =w>d & backw>d rooms7 made an odd k9d ( tremul\s1 crackl+ noise cont9ually1 z if ! wa9scot w\ld split2 or z if "s damage 0 appreh5d$ to ! h\se4 ,?is 0 obs]v'd by ! family1 ) a good deal ( conc]n4 ,t 9 ! *amb] crackl$ m ?an t bel[4 ,we nev] p]ceiv'd x be=e1 nor s9ce2 & app>5tly1 x %[s ! vibratory /ate ( ! surface ( ! e>?1 at t "t4 ,b :e!r our conjectures ^u ?is important subject be well f\nd$ or no1 x c]ta9ly becomes a *ri/ian philosoph]1 :il/ he is inve/igat+ mat]ial causes1 to look up1 & reg>d ! moral use ( !m4 ,= 9 reality1 e ?+1 ! :ole _w1 0 ultimately = t purpose made4 ,:5 we see su* a k9d ( spirituality impress'd on m]e matt]1 z ?is amaz+ prop]ty ( electricity1 x %\ld k9dle 9 u a high ambition ( ass]t+1 & ex]t+ ! inf9itely sup]ior value1 & p[]s1 & excell5cy ( ! spiritual "p ( u1 de/9'd to an immortal duration4 ,& ( all ! great & public calamities1 :i* affect u mortals1 e>?quakes claim ! fir/ title to ! "n ( w>n+s & judgm5ts4 ,none s prop] to ?reat51 or to execute v5geance ^u a guilty p4 ,nor has any o!r1 ^? annex$ t]rors1 s mu* ( ! unusual1 ! unavoidable1 ! sudd5 & ! horrible appreh5sion ( be+ cru%'d to dea?1 or buri$ alive4 ,& :5 9 our own sight1 ^! r>e & extraord9>y phnom5a appe>1 x _c b be a lesson to u1 to d our duty t[>d t great ,be+1 :o1 by a drop ( wat]1 c produce effects s prodigi\s4 ,t e>?quakes proclaim !mselves to mank9d 9 ?is light1 is fur!r d$ucible f ?is obs]vation1 ! n9? 9 our recapitulation ( circum/ances2 t !y are peculi>ly direct$ to great cities1 & m>itime t[ns1 ^? nurs]ies ( weal?1 luxury1 & ( all ! evils naturally fl[+ !refrom4 ,x w\ld be *ildi% to rehe>se f old hi/ory1 or mod]n1 a pro( ( x4 ,we h no o!r notices ( !m4 ,look ^u ^! two %ocks we h "h felt4 ,we own t ,hamp/$-hea?1 & ,f9*ley-=e/1 & ,k5n+ton-common 7 affect$ ) x2 yet x is notori\s1 t ,london 0 ! c5t]1 ! place to :i* ! f+] ( ,god 0 po9t$4 ,& ?is leads u 9 ! ?ird place1 to consid] ! moral use & purpose ( ^! magnalia natur1 & prodigies ( ! ag5cy ( mat]ial causes4 ,= no?+ sure1 b an electrical %ock1 & t f a div9e h&1 c\ld h be5 s well adju/$1 z twice1 nay f\r times1 s s5sibly to %ake e h\se 9 ,london1 & n ?r[ "o d[n4 ,?is duty we w endeav\r to execute1 f ! words ( t great man1 k+ ,david4 ,illu/ration ,,psalm xviii4 #g4 ,!n ! e>? %ook1 & trembl$2 ! f\ndations also ( ! hills mov$1 & 7 %ak52 because he 0 wro?4 ,?is ,psalm is a triumphal song1 :i* ,david deliv]'d publickly be=e ,god1 9 ?ankful remembrance ( ! great m]cies he _h receiv'd2 be+ firmly e/abli%$ on 8 ?rone3 & all 8 enemies1 =eign or dome/ick1 subdu$4 ,he does n attribute ?is happy situation ( 8 affairs to 8 own prud5ce & c\rage2 b1 l a consummate politician1 absolutely to ! m$iation ( ! div9e provid5ce4 ,he draws up a mo/ gr& & magnific5t description ( ! adv5t ( ! deity1 su* z words nev] be=e express$4 ,all ! hea!n pictures ( ! appe>ance ( _! gods1 are cold & lame1 comp>'d to ?is2 :i* is des]v$ly s mu* admir'd by all criticks t h any ta/e = religion1 z well z language4 ,?is v]se1 9 our text1 is ! fir/ movem5t 9 ! sc5e1 :i* 0 to repres5t ! appe>ance ( ,jehovah1 )\t ^: int]position ,david hop$ = no?+ =tunate4 ,aft] describ+ all ! pomp ( light1 & d>kness1 cele/ial2 hail/ones1 ?und]1 lightn+1 & ! l in/ances ( maje/y & t]ror1 9 ! skies2 he /ill keeps 8 eye on ! gr\nd1 & concludes ) ! e>?quake1 :]e he began4 ,!n ! *annels ( wat]s 7 se52 & ! f\ndations ( ! e>? 7 discov]$2 at ?y rebuke1 ,o ,"l2 at ! bla/ ( ! brea? ( ?y no/rils4 ,our holy psalmi/1 at o!r times1 has exhibit$ ! same images1 9 diff]5t color+2 z a great ma/] v>ies 8 works1 to /rike out all ! beauties4 ,psal4 lxviii4 #g4 ,o ,god1 :5 ?\ w5te/ =? be=e ?y p2 :5 ?\ did/ m>* ?ro' ! wild]ness2 ! e>? %ook1 ! heav5s also dropp$1 at ! pres5ce ( ,god4 ,ev5 ,s9ai itself 0 mov$1 at ! pres5ce ( ,god2 ! ,god ( ,israel4 ,by ?is he means1 ! giv+ ! law4 ,exod4 xix4 #h4 ,& m\nt ,s9ai 0 altoge!r on a smoke2 because ! ,"l desc5d$ on x 9 fire3 & ! smoke asc5d$ z ! smoke ( a furnace1 & ! :ole m\nt quak$ greatly4 ,aga91 ,psal4 cxiv4 :5 he is describ+ ! passage ov] ! ,r$-sea1 & t ov] ,jordan2 he br+s 9 ! ma*9]y ( e>?quakes1 to te/ify ! div9e pres5ce4 ,:5 ,israel w5t out ( ,egypt1 & ! h\se ( ,jacob f among a /range p2 ! sea saw x & fl$4 ,jordan 0 driv5 back4 ,! m\nta9s skipp$ l rams3 & ! little hills l "y %eep4 ,!n he asks ! "q1 ,:at ail$ !e1 ,o ?\ sea1 t ?\ fl$de/8 & ?\ ,jordan1 t ?\ wa/ driv5 back8 ,ye m\nta9s t ye skipp$ l rams1 & ye little hills l "y %eep8 ,he answ]s3 ,tremble ?\ e>? at ! pres5ce ( ! ,"l3 at ! pres5ce ( ! ,god ( ,jacob4 ,he fails n to attribute ^! m>vell\s appe>ances1 to _! true cause4 ,?o' he knew full well1 t ! ,god ( nature adm9i/r$ ! ord9>y c\rse ( ! e>? by second causes2 yet he c\ld n be s bl9d b to p]ceive1 :5 ! waves ( ! ocean retreat$2 :5 ! wat]s ( ,jordan divid$2 :5 m\nt ,s9ai 0 all 9 fire1 smoke1 lightn+ & ?und]1 ) ! trumpet ( ,god s\nd+1 & ! :ole m\nta9 %ak+3 he c\ld n b p]ceive ! pres5ce ( ! au?or ( nature1 9 ^! extraord9>y appe>ances4 ,b e :]e 9 sacr$ scripture e>?quakes are p>ticul>ly s+l$ out1 above all o!r natural phnom5a1 z hav+ m ( ! maje/y & t]rific pomp1 to d5ote an imm$iate op]ation ( ,god's h&2 to excite our fe>1 & %ew 8 ang]1 z 9 our text1 because he 0 wro?4 ,9 imitation ( ! sacr$ writ]s1 ! hea!n poets1 bo? greek & lat91 express ! ang] ( _! ,jupit] by an e>?quake3 ,t]rificam capitis concussit t]que quat]que ,cs>iem2 cum qua t]ram1 m>e1 sid]a1 movit4 ,ovid4 ,! mov+ meteors 9 ! free air1 lightn+1 coruscations1 fire-balls1 tempe/s1 ?und]s1 or ! dread$ comets1 ?o' frightful en\gh2 yet p t d n ?9k to any purpose1 hope1 z !y are at a di/ance1 to escape _! effects4 ,b :5 ! t]ror comes home to u1 to our feet2 :5 ! e>? moves on :i* we /&2 :at he>t is n mov$8 ,:5 our h\ses %ake ov] our e>s1 ! greate/ c\rage is %ak54 ,x is true1 an e>?quake causes an univ]sal dread among all sorts ( p2 ev5 ! philosoph] imm]s$ 9 speculation ( second causes1 quakes2 z well z ! pi\s1 ^: fe> proce$s f solid piety3 a due s5se ( ! ang] ( ! almighty ,be+4 ,we saw h[ ! late e>?quakes affright$ e "o2 b1 z to ! g5]ality1 x 0 b = a mom5t4 ,:5 !y f\nd !mselves safe1 & alive2 ?\ghtless !y ran to _! bus9ess1 or _! div]sion3 & ?is n only ! fir/1 b ! second "t4 ,& ,i am appreh5sive1 7 ano!r1 & ano!r to come1 !y w\ld only be less reg>d$ ?an ! prec$+4 ,z ! ,israelites1 to :om miracles became famili>2 z ! ,jews1 9 our ,savi\r's "t1 dem&+ ( him to %[ !m a sign f heav51 9 ! mid/ ( ! con/ant sc5e ( miracles innum]able4 ,b 'tis my pres5t bus9ess to call y to a due & s]i\s reflexion1 on ^! extraord9>y ev5ts2 by consid]+1 ,i4 ,:at ! writt5 ^w ( ,god1 ! holy scriptures1 in=ms u1 conc]n+ ! ultimate purpose ( e>?quakes4 ,,ii4 ,:at we c le>n f pr(ane hi/ory4 ,,iii4 ,to conclude ) our text1 t !y are /rictly & prop]ly div9e judgm5ts2 because he 0 wro?4 ,ev] s9ce ! e>? began1 e>?quakes h be5 look'd on z extraord9>y appe>ances1 among ! prodigies ( nature1 & execution]s ( div9e ju/ice4 ,9 ! case ( ,korah1 ! e>? op5$ h] m\? & swall[$ !m up2 & _! h\ses1 & all ! m5 t p]ta9$ unto !m2 & all _! goods4 ,9 ! miracul\s victory obta9'd by ,jona?an1 & 8 armor-be>]1 ov] ! army ( ! ,phili/9es1 ,i4 ,sam4 xiv4 ,!re 0 a panic t]ror infus'd into ! ,phili/9es1 & an e>?quake3 x is call'd a v great trembl+ ( ,god4 ,:at ! hea!n attribut$ to ,pan1 an imag9>y deity ( _! own mak+3 ! ,hebrews rightly ref]'d to ! true cause1 ! fir/1 & supreme4 ,9 ! new te/am5t1 at our ,savi\r's dea?1 !re 0 a great e>?quake1 :i* 0 altoge!r miracul\s2 z mu* z ! eclipse ( ! sun !n4 ,! elem5ts might well sympa?ize ) ! ,god ( nature4 ,! sun 0 d>k5$1 ! vail ( ! temple 0 r5t 9 twa92 ! e>? did quake1 ! rocks r5t4 ,aga91 at 8 resurrection1 ,matt4 xxviii4 #b4 ,!re 0 a great e>?quake4 ,! angel ( ! ,"l desc5d$ f heav51 & roll$ back ! /one f ! door1 & sat ^u x4 ,& = fe> ( him ! keep]s did %ake1 & became z dead m54 ,matt4 xxvii4 #ed4 ,:5 ! c5turion1 & !y t 7 ) him1 wat*+ ,jesus1 saw ! e>?quake1 !y fe>$ greatly4 ,see ! consequ5ce ( x 9 "o place2 & ?us 9 ano!r3 ,acts iv4 #ca4 ,! ,apo/les1 9 ! infant *ur*1 :5 pray+1 ! place 0 %ak51 :]e !y 7 assembl$ toge!r3 & !y 7 all fill$ ) ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,! hea!n c5turion fe>$ ^u ! e>?quake3 ,! *ri/ians pray+1 7 fill$ ) ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,acts xvi4 #bf4 ,:5 ,paul & ,silas 7 9 prison4 ,at mid-night :5 !y pray'd1 & sang hymns to ,god1 sudd5ly !re 0 a great e>?quake2 s t ! f\ndations ( ! prison 7 %ak54 ,& imm$iately all ! doors 7 op5$1 & e "o's b&s 7 loos$4 ,obs]ve ! consequ5ce x _h ^u ! gaol]2 ,he call$ = a light1 & sprang 91 & came trembl+1 & fell d[n be=e ,paul & ,silas1 & said1 ,sirs1 :at mu/ ,i d to be sav$8 ,! gaol trembl$2 & ! gaol] trembl$1 z is obs]v$ by a writ] on ?is head1 an e>?quake c\ld s(t5 8 h>d he>t1 & op5 :at he _h lock'd4 ,x awak5'd him out ( 8 spiritual slumb]1 z well z 8 natural sleep1 & made 8 consci5ce1 z well z ! f\ndations ( ! prison1 to quake4 ,a bad consci5ce is z a tr\bl$ sea1 t _c re/1 b ca/e? up mire1 & clay4 ,! gaol] p]ceiv'd ! cele/ial w>n+1 & made a prop] use ( x4 ,!re are _m circum/ances 9 ! nature ( e>?quakes1 :i* r5d] !m peculi>ly prop] to be ! in/rum5ts 9 ,god's h&1 to give w>n+ to a p1 to am5d _! ways4 ,! sudd5ness is "o4 ,we saw1 n long ago1 :at an effect 0 produc$ by a sol> eclipse1 ?o' x 0 expect$ long be=e4 ,we _h ! pr$iction1 & calculations ab\t x 9 all our almanacs2 yet !re 0 an univ]sal s]i\sness t foll[$ x4 ,all t morn+1 we c\ld walk ! /reet1 )\t he>+ an oa?1 & ! *ur*es 7 full1 9 "t ( pray]4 ,b ! sudd5ness ( an e>?quake t comes at an in/ant1 un?\ght (1 )\t w>n+1 t seems to br+ unavoidable dea? along ) x2 is able to t\* an adamant9 he>t4 ,to see dea? /alk+ o'er a great city1 ready to sweep u all away1 9 an in/antane\s ru91 )\t a s+le mom5t to recollect our ?\ghts2 ?is is fe> )\t rem$y2 ?is is f> beyond battle & pe/il5ce4 ,! lightn+ & ?und]bolt1 ! arr[ t flie? by day1 may sudd5ly take (f an object or two1 & leave no space = rep5tance3 b :at horror c equal t1 :5 above a million ( p are liable to be buri$1 9 "o common grave6 ,ano!r consid]ation t inhances ! dread ( e>?quakes1 is ! unavoidabl5ess ( ! calamity4 ,fam9e1 & w>1 & rebellion1 & pe/il5ce we may run f1 ! disease among ! cattle1 & locu/s1 & ! l /ripes ( angry heav51 we may h "s *ance to escape3 b no means1 no precaution1 no rem$y1 no prud5ce c scre5 u1 f s univ]sal a desolation z ?is3 'tis z ! pres5ce ( ,god4 ,:i!r !n c we g to hide ourselves8 ,mu/ we call ^u ! rocks & m\nta9s1 to cov]1 & %elt] u f ! div9e wra?6 ,& !y %all g into ! holes ( ! rocks1 & into ! caves ( ! e>?1 = fe> ( ! ,"l1 & = ! glory ( 8 maje/y2 :5 he arise? to %ake t]ribly ! e>?4 ,alas1 ^? are ! v in/rum5ts he employs = our de/ruction2 to be our tomb/ones6 ,?is unusual k9d ( dea? too1 /rikes u ) horror2 to be buri$ alive4 ,! e>?1 ! common "m ( u all1 & ! common grave2 to eat up h] (fspr+ alive2 cr\ds all ! images ( amazem5t toge!r1 t c ent] into ! he>t ( man4 ,! great] ! t]ror accompany+ e>?quakes1 ! great] a bless+ is our deliv]ance f ! dang] ( x6 ,:at c equal ,god's p[] & judgm5t b 8 m]cy8 ,consid] ! wond]ful consequ5ce2 t ! :ole city ( ,london %\ld s s5sibly be %ak51 & yet no "o inhabit$ h\se to fall2 nor "o p]son kill'd4 ,amaz+ in/ance ( p[]1 & goodness1 9 our pres]vation6 ,& ?is n only once1 b ! second "t also2 ?o' evid5tly /rong] 0 ! concussion4 ,s /rong t almo/ e p]son 0 ?r\ghly p]suad$1 t "s "p1 at lea/1 ( _! h\ses1 0 fall+ d[n4 ,c we help admir+1 t judgm5t %\ld be s temp]'d ) m]cy6 ,d we look only at ! second causes ) our unbeliev]s2 & sport away ! div9e pres5ce1 z if x 0 an ord9>y occurr5ce ( e day8 ,!y want to see a miracle4 ,n\ght c affect !m1 b a direct1 sup]natural ag5cy4 ,i answ]1 behold a visible1 & notori\s miracle2 pla9ly obvi\s1 & be=e all _! s5ses4 ,= c !re be a great] miracle1 c any ?+ be m directly ! f+] ( ,god ?an ?is1 :i* we ourselves saw ) our eyes2 t befell ! :ole city ( ,london4 ,we "k ! nature ( ! build+ ( ,london h\ses2 :i* sometimes fall ( !mselves1 )\t %ak+4 ,wond]ful !n is x to be ?\ght1 & a miracle inde$1 t e h\se 9 ?is va/ city1 %\ld twice be agitat$1 & rock$ to & fro2 & n "o fall1 nor "o p]son receive any damage4 ,9 va9 w ! philosoph]s seek = a solution ( ?is problem1 9 natural causes only4 ,by _! *ymical exp]im5ts1 !y make "s little mimic imitations ( tremors & fumes1 & explosions4 ,s by gun-p[d]1 we ape ! regal voice ( ?und]4 ,b :]e is ! discretion>y act ( m]cy1 & b5ignity1 t sep>ates betwe5 ! v5geful & k9d8 ,^! second causes act accord+ to _! mat]ial nature1 l ! ro>+ waves ( ! ocean1 t fl[ 91 & ov]:elm e ?+1 :]e a brea* is made4 ,!y c obs]ve no di/9ction betwe5 ! l&s ( a righte\s man1 & ( a s9n]3 !y _c /op at ! brea*1 & ga!r !mselves on an heap1 & n ent] 9 at all1 z ! wat]s ( ,jordan did4 ,b 9 ! case be=e u1 ! h& ( ! ,"l1 t /ay$ ! fl[+ ( ! wat]s1 t quell$ ! rag+ ( ! sea1 & its pr\d waves2 sets b\nds to ! trembl+ ( ! e>?4 ,hi!r %all its vibrations g1 & no fur!r4 ,:5 alas1 if x w5t b "o in* fur!r 79 comp>ison7 a total ru9 mu/ unavoidably foll[4 ,consid] ?is p>ticul>1 :5 apply'd to all ! build+s 9 ?is imm5se city3 & wond] & adore1 t almighty provid5ce1 :i* ov]look'd u1 & prescrib'd ! limits2 s n>r[1 s precise2 :i* sav'd u f univ]sal havoc6 ,,ii4 ,did we escape2 h[ mu* happi] are we1 ?an ! millions t h p]i%$ by ! l calamity8 ,josephus ! fam\s ,jewi% hi/orian records1 t ab\t #bi ye>s be=e our ,savi\r's bir?1 !re happ5$ su* an e>?quake 9 ! c\ntry ( ,judea1 t #cj1jjj m5 p]i%$4 ,9 ! fif? ye> ( ! reign ( ,tib]ius1 s dreadful an e>?quake happ5$ 9 ,asia m9or1 t no less ?an #ac cities 7 de/roy'd 9 "o night2 _m ( !m great1 & ,royal3 ,s>dis 9 p>ticul>1 said to be second to ,babylon4 ,9 ,a4 ,d4 #ff4 ,ano!r e>?quake happ5'd !re1 :i* de/roy'd ,laodicea1 ,hi]apolis1 & ,colossus4 ,a4 ,d4 #gi4 ,?ree cities 9 ,cyprus 7 ov]?r[n4 ,a4 ,d4 #aad4 ,! city ( ,antio* suff]$ extremely2 :il/ ! emp]or ,trajan 0 9 x4 ,& 9 ! #g? ye> ( t emp]or1 n9e sev]al cities 7 de/roy'd 9 ,asia1 ,greece1 & ,calabria4 ,to come ne>] home1 & our own times3 ,9 #aafi1 ,catania 9 ,sicily 0 de/roy$1 & #ae1jjj p kill$4 #afib1 ,! :ole city de/roy'd & #ahjjj ,inhabitants4 #adef1 ,at ,naples #dj1jjj p]i%$ by an e>?quake4 #aeca1 ,9 ! city ( ,lisbon1 #adjj h\ses 7 ov]?r[n !re1 besides _m damag$4 ,we "k ! mis]able & deplorable cata/rophe ( ,port-,royal1 9 ,jamaica2 :i* fell out 9 our own days4 ,my blood %udd]s at ! relation ( x4 ,& n _m mon?s ago1 ! popul\s ,lima 9 ,am]ica1 0 :olly swall[$ up4 ,h we n reason !n to fe>1 = ourselves8 ',tis true1 we h hi!rto escap$4 ,b c we tell h[ soon ,god %all let loose ! av5g+ p[] ( ano!r2 :i* may come1 = ought we "k1 :ile we are speak+ ( x4 ,& if x mu/ come1 happy may x be = u1 t x f9ds u 9 ?is place1 & s do+4 ,,iii4 ,& ?is br+s u1 to consid] ! uses ( ^! admonitions2 & to %[1 t !y are ! effects ( ! div9e ang]4 ,= ! e>? %ook & trembl$1 says ! holy psalmi/1 ! f\ndation ( ! hills mov$ & 7 %ak52 because he 0 wro?4 ,& "h we _c possibly h a /rong] & m conv9c+ evid5ce1 ( ^! convulsions ( nature1 be+ ! imm$iate f+] ( ,god1 ?an ?is s+le consid]ation4 ,let u b reflect on :at has be5 said1 9 %ort2 t ^! visitations only happ5 to great & popul\s cities1 to great & em95t ports1 & m>itime emporiums fl\ri%+ 9 trade1 ri*es1 & luxury4 ,we he> n ( b>r5 des>ts1 un9habit$ wild]nesses1 wide hea?s1 & d[ns1 rocky cliffs1 & bea*es ( ! sea1 to be ! usual subject ( e>?quakes3 b ( t[ns & cities4 ,n s mu* ( little villages1 b ( ^? imm5se collections ( p4 ,god does n give 8 w>n+s to birds1 & bea/s ( ! =e/2 to flocks ( %eep2 t punctually execute ! respective (fices he has enjo9$ !m3 b to u1 ! lords ( ! creation2 to :om he has giv5 reason1 s5se1 & faculties1 to reflect1 & judge ( ?+s1 ( our own actions1 z well z 82 ( 8 do+s1 t[>d ! *ildr5 ( m54 ,we obs]v$ be=e1 a pla9 & notori\s pro( ( ,god's h& 9 ^! judgm5ts2 t he c\'d move a :ole city )\t ?r[+ d[n a h\se4 ,& ?is is mo/ assur$ly a second pro(2 t he visits only great cities1 ) ^! judgm5ts4 ,& we mu/ conclude ?is to be z /rong an argum5t ( a div9e int]position 9 ^! affairs1 z any ma!matical demon/ration4 ,"s free-?9k]s1 or free-liv]s1 :5 !y f9d1 !y _c set aside ?is reason+1 %elt] !mselves1 ) ! hi/ory ( ,god's conv]se ) ,abraham2 ab\t ! cities ( ,sodom & ,gomorrha2 assur+ !mselves1 !re is no dang]4 ,= ?o' !y c't pret5d to be ! m]itori\s p2 yet !y ?9k ,god's m]cy w be z signal to u1 z h]et(ore3 & t we h among u1 at lea/ t5 righte\s p]sons1 to save ! re/4 ,b va9 are su* hopes3 ,god w say to !m1 z h]et(ore to ! ,jews3 ,if ,i br+ my great judgm5ts ^u ! e>?1 z ,i live sai? ! ,"l1 ?o' ,noah1 ,daniel1 & ,job 7 !re2 !y %\ld save nei!r sons1 nor daught]s1 b _! own s\ls only4 ,god c1 if he pleases1 by v extraord9>y means1 pres]ve su* z he ?9ks fit4 ,b 9 g5]al judgm5ts1 ! righte\s mu/ und]go "o common fate1 ) ! wick$4 ,god's m]cy w be %[n to !m aft] ?is life1 to make ! sup]abundant am5ds4 ,b ?is is a solid lesson to u1 ( ! necessity ( a future life4 ,we may z well bani% ,god out ( ! e>?1 z to d5y 8 attributes ( p[]1 & goodness1 & ju/ice1 & ! l4 ,& ^! w insure u ( a future /ate2 :5 an exact return w be made1 = our behavi\r 9 ?is2 o!rwise we might ju/ly expo/ulate1 z ,abraham did1 ,w n ! judge ( all ! e>? d "r8 ,good m51 :o h endeav\r'd to d _! duty1 may say1 ,god is our refuge & /r5g?1 a v pres5t help 9 tr\ble4 ,!re=e w n we fe>1 ?o' ! e>? be remov'd2 ?o' ! m\nta9s be c>ri$ into ! mid/ ( ! sea2 ?o' ! wat]s !re( ro>1 & be tr\bl$2 ?o' ! m\nta9s %ake ) ! swell+ !re(4 ,come behold ! works ( ! ,"l2 :at desolations he ha? made on ! e>?4 ,9 ! mean "t1 let u n ?9k on runn+ away f ! dang]1 s mu* z on m5d+ our ways2 p]fect+ ! *ri/ian life2 re=m+ ! abom9able crimes1 s ju/ly *>geable on great & m>itime cities2 ov]fl[+ ) ri*es1 pride1 & luxury1 ) vanity1 pleasure1 & pr(an5ess2 ) gam+1 immorality1 infidelity2 & especially ) ! notori\s crime ( sabba?-break+1 :i* is ! f\ndation ( all1 & compreh5ds all o!rs2 = x prev5ts p f am5d+ ( any4 ,if !y fail ( _! duty t[>ds ,god1 9 mak+ _! regul> approa*es to 8 temple2 no wond] !y are guilty ( all crimes2 reg>d nei!r ,god nor man4 ,if !y fail ( com+1 :]e !y may hope = ! k9dly influ5ces ( ,god's holy ,_s2 we ne$ n wond] at _! egregi\s wick$ness3 !y become absolutely irreclaimable4 ,b ( y1 my belov$ bre?r51 "h assembl$1 ,i hope bett] ?+s4 ,y %un ! deg5]ate corruptions ( ?is evil age2 y are n ( ! numb] ( ^? t frequ5t our public meet+s ( folly1 f ! morn+ r5dezv\zes to ! mid-night assemblies2 & t protract$ to ! morn+ light aga94 ,z if we ought to bani% all s]i\s ?\ghts ( our immortal int]e/s2 & t 9 ! sacr$ season ( l5t2 de/9'd by ! *ur*1 = ?is v s]i\s purpose4 ,let u ?9k1 h[ ?is w>n+ happ5'd to u1 9 ! "t ( l5t2 :5 !y 7 revell+ 9 _! places ( ent]ta9m5t1 bo? morn+ & ev5+1 z if no su* ?+ _h be52 & ?is on ! v days2 z if !y confront$1 & d>'d almighty v5geance4 ,mu* ( a p>allel case ) t ( ! fam\s city ( ,h]culaneum1 :i* is n[ ! ent]ta9m5t ( ! curi\s4 ,fir/ x 0 mis]ably %att]'d by an e>?quake2 :il/ ! p 7 at _! div]sions 9 ! !atre2 :]e all assembl$ p]i%$4 ,?is 0 9 ! fir/ ye> ( ,titus ! emp]or3 b su* a p>tial judgm5t n m5d+ _! mann]s2 #i ye>s aft]1 ! :ole city 0 de/roy'd by a lake ( liquid fire & brim/one1 f m\nt ,vesuvius1 j 9 ! mann] we n[ f9d x2 #ej foot deep 9 c9d]s1 & a%es4 ,:5 ?y judgm5ts1 ,o ,god1 are abroad1 ! inhabitants ( ! e>? w le>n righte\sness4 ,! ,"l is ! true ,god2 he is ! liv+ ,god2 ! ev]la/+ ,k+3 ,at 8 wra?1 ! e>? %all tremble1 & ! nations %all n be able to abide 8 indignation2 says ! prophet ,j]emiah1 x4 #aj4 ,god give u grace1 t in/ead ( ^! %ort-liv'd1 & unsatisfy+ pleasures2 in/ead ( palaces & h\ses "h1 ornam5t$ 9 a sumptu\s & elegant ta/e2 :i* may p]haps be swept away1 ) _! own]s1 9 a mom5t2 we may aspire t[>ds t heav5ly city1 :i* is above2 ^: f\ndations are n laid ) h&s1 et]nal 9 ! heav5s1 c4 ,,f9is4 ,illu/ration 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,philosophy ,,( ,,e>?quakes1 ,natural & ,religi\s4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,philosophi ipsius1 qui de sua vi ac sapi5tia unus omnia p5e pr(itetur1 e/ tam5 qudam descriptio2 ut is qui /udeat omnium r]um div9>um atque human>um vim1 naturam1 causasq2 nosse3 omnem b5e viv5di rationem t5]e1 p]sequi2 nom9e hoc appelletur4 ,cic]o de ,oratore4 ,by ,,william ,,/ukeley1 ,m4 ,d4 ,rector ( ,/4 ,george's1 ,que5-,squ>e3 ,fell[ ( ! ,college ( ,physicians & ,royal ,society3 ,,london3 ,pr9t$ = ,c4 ,corbet ov]-aga9/ ,/4 ,dun/an's ,*ur*1 ,fleet/reet4 ,,mdccl4 ,,preface4 ,?is disc\rse is b a necess>y consequ5ce ( ! prec$+4 ,! :ole no o!r ?an an essay1 t[>d inve/igat+ ! true nature ( ! wond]ful appe>ance ( an e>?quake4 ,& some?+ is done t[>d x1 if only by eradicat+ an old error4 ,9 atta9+ ! propos$ end1 ,i h endeav\r'd to lay all ! necess>y circum/ances toge!r1 :i* to our great amazem5t we h se51 & felt4 ,t !y may n be z soon =gott51 z !y g5]ally 71 by ! giddy multitude2 equally ?\ghtless ( :at !y knew to be pa/1 z *ildi%ly fe>ful ( an imag9>y "o1 subsequ5t3 = :i* !re c\ld n be ! lea/ gr\nd ( appreh5sion4 ,by sob] p]sons x 01 ) great reason1 ?\ght a judicial infatuation1 & z mu* to be wond]'d at1 z an e>?quake itself2 a real panic4 ,:5 a ?ird "p ( ?is imm5se city ran out into ! fields = half a cold night2 al>m'd ) ! silly pr$iction ( a di/emp]'d fell[6 ,no?+ c\ld tempt "o to commemorate ! follies ( our cotempor>ies1 b ! hope1 x may be useful h]eaft]3 & to %[ ! true cause ( ?is s5seless t]ror2 ! want ( a true s5se ( religion2 & an univ]sal deg5]acy1 & corruption ( mann]s3 begun by ! great ones1 & n[ propagat$ ?ro' all degrees to ! l[e/3 begun 9 ?is great city2 & n[ advanc+ apace to e great t[n 9 ! k+dom4 ',tis f ! great ones alone1 t we c hope = a re=mation3 & t by a /rict obs]vance ( ! sabbatical duty4 ,example1 we "k1 gov]ns ! actions ( mank9d4 ,t mu/ re/ore ! practice1 & ! influ5ce ( religion3 :i* alone c prev5t ! dang]s t infe/ e corn] ( our /reets2 e road 9 ! k+dom4 ,we mi/ake ! po9t1 & betray our ignorance 9 human nature1 :5 we ?9k1 acts ( p>liam5t1 laws1 & executions w d x4 ,!y are v weak 9 comp>ison ( ! impressions ( religion1 & consci5ce3 z all philosophy bo? natural & religi\s1 has hi!rto ?\ght1 & kn[n4 ,,to ,m>t9 ,folkes1 ,esq2 ,,ll4 ,d4 ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,society4 ,s9ce ,i _h ! hon\r to lay be=e ! ,society1 9 ! spr+1 my ?\ghts ^u e>?quakes3 we h _h _m fur!r opportunities ( reflect+ ^u t mo/ awful1 & hi!rto unusual appe>ance4 ,an e>?quake 0 felt at ,ea/well 9 ,k5t1 on monday m>* #ab1 & on sunday1 m>* #ah1 at ,portsm\?1 ! ,isle ( ,wight1 ,s\?ampton1 & along ! coa/ ( ,sussex1 ! isles ( ,gu]nsey1 ,j]sey4 ,april #b1 a sm>t e>?quake at ,man*e/]1 ,liv]pool1 ,taunton1 ,ba?1 ,fl9t1 ,lanca/]1 ,wrexham1 rea*+ #dj miles nor? & s\?3 #gj miles ea/ & we/4 ,s9ce !n at ,rome1 ,naples1 ,leghorn2 9 ! s\? ( ,france1 & at ,pau "u ! ,pyr5ean m\nta9s3 ,oporto1 at ,s4 ,macaire 9 ,gui5ne1 ,mess9a 9 ,sicily1 ,muni* 9 ,bav>ia1 c4 c4 s t ! ye> #agej1 may r be call$ ! ye> ( e>?quakes1 ?an ( jubilee4 ,= s9ce ,febru>y la/1 :5 !y began ) u at ,london2 z f> z ,i c le>n1 !y h appe>'d 9 _m p>ts ( ,europe1 ,asia1 ,africa1 & ,am]ica4 ,& h likewise revisit$ _m c\nties 9 our own isl&1 & at l5g?1 on ! #cj? ( la/ septemb] gave mu* ! mo/ ext5sive %ock1 we h se5 "h 9 our days4 ,x may be well expect$1 t ^! frequ5t visits1 9 !mselves s v extraord9>y1 to u s r>e1 & t 9 "o ye>1 %\ld keep up our att5tion3 & z to my own "p1 induce "o to reflect1 on :at ,i be=e (f]'d conc]n+ !m2 & be a suffici5t apology = ! pres5t pap]4 ,we h be5 acqua9t$1 by ^? :o rememb] x1 t 9 ! e>?quake ( nov4 #agjc1 :i* happ5'd 9 ,l9coln%ire1 ! wea!r 0 calm1 close1 gloomy1 w>m1 & dry2 9 a degree highly unusual1 at t season4 ,& ?us x has be5 ) u1 all ! ye>4 ,& f ! num]\s acc\nts we h receiv'd at ! ,royal ,society1 9 ! beg9n+1 & end+ ( ! ye>2 :]e any m5tion is made ( ! wea!r2 !y all agree 9 ! l p>ticul>4 ,:i* is cons5tane\s to :at ,i rem>k'd1 z ! con/ant =]unn] ( e>?quakes2 & :at prep>es ! e>?'s surface1 = ! electrical /roke3 :i* ,i ass]t$ to be ! cause ( !m4 ,9 may la/1 we _h a pap] read at ! ,royal ,society1 conc]n+ ! second e>?quake felt by u at ,london1 on ! #h? ( m>*4 ,a %eph]d belong+ to ,mr4 ,secret>y ,fox at ,k5s+ton 7! sky be+ p]fectly s]5e1 & cle>7 0 mu* surpris$ ) a v extraord9>y noise 9 ! air1 roll+ ov] 8 head1 z ( cannon close by4 ,he likewise ?\ght1 t x came f ! nor?-we/1 & w5t to ! s\?-ea/3 a motion q contr>y1 to :at mu/ h be5 ! case1 if x 7 really ( cannon4 ,?is noise pass'd ru%+ by him2 & in/antly he saw ! gr\nd 7a dry1 & solid spot7 wave "u him1 l ! face ( ! riv]4 ,! tall trees ( ! av5ue1 :]e he 01 nodd$ _! tops v s5sibly1 & quiv]'d l a %ak5 spe>4 ,! flock ( %eep imm$iately took fright1 & ran all away toge!r1 z if dogs _h pursu$ !m4 ,a great rook]y 9 ! place1 7 equally al>m'd1 & aft] an univ]sal clangor1 flew away2 no less ?an if *ac$ by hawks4 ,i 0 likewise in=m'd1 t 9 ! same e>?quake1 a great p>cel ( h5s1 & *ick5s1 kept at t "t 9 ,gray's-inn-lane1 ^u ! %ock1 ran to ! roo/1 affright$4 ,& ! l 0 obs]v'd ( pigeons4 ,& 9 our la/ acc\nt ( ! e>?quake f ,nor?ampton1 'tis rem>k$1 t ! birds 9 cages put _! heads "u _! w+s1 z to hide !mselves4 ,june #ba1 at ! ,royal ,society1 ,mr4 ,jackson pott] at ,lambe?1 gave an acc\nt ( "s boats1 cobles & light]s 9 ! riv]1 at t "t2 ! p 9 !m seem'd to feel1 z if a porpoise1 or "s great fi% _h heav'd & ?ump'd at ! bottom ( ! vessels4 ,?is is sometimes ! case ( %ips at sea1 :5 all is p]fectly calm3 :i* seems evid5tly ow+ to an electrical impression on ! wat]4 ,9 ! ev5+-po/ ( june #bc1 we _h a p>agraph f ,v5ice1 t a t]rible e>?quake _h be5 felt lately 9 ! little rocky isle ( ,c]igo1 9 ! ,m$it]ranean1 s\? ( ,morea4 ,x ?rew d[n a great numb] ( h\ses2 & above #bjjj ( ! inhabitants 7 buri$ 9 ! ru9s4 ,ano!r e>?quake ab\t t "t1 happ5'd 9 ,switz]l&2 :i* split a va/1 rocky m\nta92 & an old ca/le wall ( an imm5se ?ickness4 ,all ^! circum/ances1 & _m m confirm$ me 9 my =m] op9ion4 ,b s9ce !n1 ^! wond]ful movem5ts h /alk'd r\nd ! globe3 & aga9 be5 lately felt 9 our own isl&2 happily = u1 to ! t]ror only1 ( _m ?\s& p3 beside ^? concussions ( ?is sort t appe>'d 9 ! we/]n p>ts1 9 ! m e>ly "t ( ! ye>4 ,i receiv'd a lett] f my fri5d ,maurice ,johnson1 ,esq2 ! f\nd]1 & secret>y ( ! ,lit]>y ,society ( ,spald+2 :i* has n[ subsi/$ ^! #dj ye>s4 ,he acqua9ts me1 t on ?ursday1 #bc;d ( ,augu/ la/1 an e>?quake 0 v s5sibly felt !re1 ab\t sev5 o'clock 9 ! morn+2 ?r\gh\t ! :ole t[n & neighb\rhood2 & _m miles r\nd3 b t x *iefly spread itself nor?w>d1 & s\?w>d4 ,he says1 t = a =tnight be=e1 ! wea!r _h be5 s]5e1 mild1 & calm4 ,& "o ev5+1 !re 0 a deep r$ aurora au/ralis1 cov]+ ! cope ( heav51 v t]rible to behold4 ,?is same %ock 0 felt at ,gran?am1 ,/am=d1 & ,milton by ,pet]bor\gh2 & g5]ally at all ! int]m$iate places3 & f ,spald+ x fl$ nor?w>d1 along ! sea %ore1 to ,bo/on3 !nce up ,bo/on riv]1 to ,l9coln4 ,s9ce !n1 ,i _h a lett] f ,mr4 ,ald]man ,taylor ( ,/am=d1 giv+ an acc\nt ( ano!r e>?quake1 t happ5'd !re1 septemb] #cj1 at #cf m9utes aft] twelve o'clock at noon4 ,he describes x ?us4 ,!y 7 sudd5ly surpris$ ) an uncommon noise 9 ! air1 l ! roll+ ( l>ge c>riages 9 ! /reets1 = ab\t #bj seconds4 ,at ! same in/ant !y felt a great %ake1 or snap1 z he calls x2 insomu* t x s5sibly %ook a pun*-b[l1 :i* 0 9 8 p>l\r1 & made x r+4 ,he says1 x 0 p]ceiv'd ( mo/ ( ! p ( ,/am=d1 :o g5]ally ran out ( _! h\ses4 ,at ,oakham ! *ief t[n ( ,rutl&1 ! congregation ran out ( ! *ur* :il/ ! prea*] 0 9 ! pulpit4 ,all ! t[ns r\nd ,/am=d1 7 s5sible ( x3 & at ,pet]bor\gh1 d[n to ,wisbe*4 ,?us f> ! ,ald]man4 ,b we h _h _m advices f all h&s1 at ! fir/1 & second meet+s ( ! ,royal ,society1 = ! w9t] season2 ) fur!r p>ticul>s relat+ to ?is great concussion4 ,t x 0 felt at ! same "t1 at ,rugby 9 ,w>wick%ire1 & rea*'d to ,w>wick1 at ,lutt]wor?1 9 ,leice/]%ire3 at ,leice/]1 & r\nd ab\t4 ,x ext5d$ itself to ,cov5try1 ,d]by1 ,nott+ham1 ,new>k2 !n came ea/w>d to ,h>bor\gh1 ,t[ce/]1 ,nor?ampton1 ,r[el1 ,kett]+1 ,well+bor\gh1 ,oundle1 9 ,nor?ampton%ire2 ,upp+ham1 ,oakham 9 ,rutl&2 ,/am=d1 ,b\rn1 ,gran?am1 ,spald+1 ,bo/on1 & to ,l9coln 9 ,l9coln%ire2 ,holbe*1 & all ,holl& 9 t c\nty4 ,pet]bor\gh1 ,wisbe*1 9 ! isle ( ,ely2 toge!r ) all ! int]m$iate1 & adjac5t places4 ,!n x pass$ ov] ! :ole bread? ( ,ely f53 0 felt at ,mild5hall1 & rea*'d to ,cal=d by ,bury 9 ,suffolk1 & ! c\ntry !reab\ts2 ( :i* we _h notice f lady ,cornwallis4 ,an ext5t f ,w>wick to ,bury ( ab\t #ajj miles 9 l5g?2 & g5]ally speak+1 #dj miles 9 bread?4 ,& ?is va/ space 0 p]vad$ by ?is amaz+ motion1 z f> z we c get any satisfaction1 9 ! same in/ant ( "t4 ,!y describe x1 t ! h\ses tott]'d1 & seem'd to heave up1 & d[n3 ?o' x la/$ b a few seconds4 ,x 0 att5d$ ) a ru%+ noise1 z if ! h\ses 7 fall+1 & p 7 univ]sally s affright$1 z to run out2 imag9+ t _! own1 or _! neighb\rs h\ses 7 tumbl+ on _! heads4 ,9 ! villages ar\nd1 ! p be+ g5]ally at div9e s]vice1 7 mu* al>m'd3 bo? ) ! noise1 :i* exce$$ all ! ?und] !y _h ev] he>d1 beyond comp>e3 & ) ! great %ock accompany+2 :i* 0 l some:at1 z !y imag9'd1 t ru%'d aga9/ ! *ur*-walls1 & ro(4 ,"s ?9k+ ! pill>s crack'd1 _m t ! beams ( ! ro( 7 disjo9t$2 & all1 t ! :ole 0 fall+4 ,& happy 7 !y t c\ld get out fir/4 ,_m p fanci$1 t ne/s ( draw]s1 & cab9ets1 or ! l heavy ?+s1 7 fall5 d[n above /airs3 or t *imnies _h broke ?ro' ! ro( ( ! h\se3 or t "s p]sons fell d[n /airs3 & ! l4 ,"s p]ceiv$ ! crackl+ ( inw>d wa9scots or p>titions3 z ,dr4 ,mortim] & ,i1 obs]v'd 9 our fir/ & second %ocks at ,london4 ,a few slates1 tiles1 & p>ts ( *imneys fell f "s h\ses3 pewt]1 *9a1 glasses & brass f %elves4 ,a clock bell1 *amb] bell sometime /ruck3 w9d[s univ]sally rattl$1 & ! l circum/ances ( tremor4 ,9 reg>d to circum/ances1 !y 7 pretty simil> ?r\gh\t4 ,_m p sitt+ 9 _! *airs relate1 t !y & _! *airs 7 sev]al times s5sibly lift$ up & set d[n aga94 ,a /ack ( *imneys 7 ?r[n d[n 9 ,college-lane2 a place reta9+ ! memory ( a sort ( univ]sity once beg9n+ at ,nor?ampton4 ,! w9d[s ( h\ses rattl$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole t[n3 b no mis*ief done3 9 g5]al x 0 frightful1 & innocu\s4 ,!y fanci$ !re1 ! motion ( x1 z !y express$ x1 to be ea/w>d4 ,9 /reets t run nor? & s\?1 ! h\ses on ! ea/ side ( ! way1 7 mo/ affect$4 ,& ,dr4 ,/oneh\se's dwell+1 ! /ronge/ 9 ! t[n1 0 mo/ s5sibly %ak54 ,s x 0 likewise obs]v'd1 t *ur*es 7 mo/ subject to its viol5ce4 ,!y ?\ght too1 t ! motion seem'd r horizontal1 or lat]al1 ?an upw>d4 ,"s c\nt$ ! pulses di/9ctly1 to ! numb] ( f\r3 t ! second1 & ?ird pulses 7 /rong]1 ?an ! fir/1 & f\r?4 ,f all ^! v>i\s acc\nts1 !re 0 no sulphure\s smell1 or eruption2 no fissures 9 ! gr\nd p]ceiv$4 ,yet sev]al p 7 sick ^u x3 inf9ite numb]s t]ribly affright$1 & z soon =got ! impression ( x2 or talk'd ( x 9 a m]ry /ra92 z commonly ) u at ,london4 ,s little are ! vulg> assess$1 )\t some?+ v s5sible2 & s soon is ! s5se ( x worn out6 ,x 0 m evid5tly p]ceiv'd1 by p /&+2 mo/1 by ^? t 7 sitt+3 lea/1 by su* z 7 walk+3 & 9 upp] /ories ( h\ses1 m ?an 9 l[]2 or 9 cell>s4 ,"s com+ d[n /airs1 7 9 dang] ( be+ ?r[n =w>ds4 ,sev]al sitt+ 9 a *air1 & he>+ ! holl[1 ?und]+ noise1 & ?9k+ x 0 a coa* pass+ by2 :5 !y attempt$ to get up1 to see :at x 01 !y 7 ?r[n back aga9 9 _! *air4 ,"s he>d ! wa9scot crackle1 ,"s sitt+ 9 _! *airs lean+ =w>ds1 7 ?r[n d[n on _! h&s1 & knees4 ,"s p he>d ! noise )\t feel+ ! %ock3 o!rs felt ! %ock )\t he>+ ! noise4 ,"s 9 a /&+ po/ure1 7 =c'd to lay hold on a table1 to keep !mselves f fall+4 ,x 0 p>ticul>ly rem>k$ 7z be=e obs]v'd7 t birds 9 cages 7 s5sibly affright$2 ?ru/+ _! heads "u _! w+s4 ,mrs4 ,allicock ( ,lodd+ton1 ,nor?ampton%ire1 a lady 9 *ild-b$1 0 s affect$1 t x caus$ h] dea?4 ,mrs4 ,h>dy1 ano!r lady 9 ! same circum/ance1 & 9 ! same c\nty1 likewise expir$ ^u x1 ,"s p felt a sudd5 %ortness ( brea?1 t !y 7 =c'd to g out into ! op5 air1 x s affect$ ! pulmon>y n]ves4 ,_m 7 tak5 ) head-a*s1 & o!r sicknesses4 ,^! are1 9 g5]al1 ! circum/ances & obs]vations made1 at ! "t ( ^! e>?quakes2 :5 we recollect ourselves1 aft] ! sudd5ess1 & fright4 ,give me leave to make ! foll[+ rem>ks !refrom4 #a/4 ,z f> z we c possibly le>n1 :]e no "o c be prep>'d1 at diff]5t places1 by "t keep]s2 ?is mighty concussion 0 felt precisely at ! same in/ant ( "t2 be+ ab\t half an h\r aft] twelve at noon4 ,?is1 ,i presume1 _c be acc\nt$ =1 by any natural p[]1 b by t ( an electrical vibration2 :i*1 we "k1 acts in/antane\sly4 #b;dly1 ,let u reflect on ! va/ ext5t ( ?is trembl+1 #ajj miles 9 l5g?1 #dj 9 bread?1 :i* am\nts to #djjj squ>e miles 9 surface4 ,t ?is %\ld be put into su* an agitation1 9 "o mom5t ( "t1 is su* a prodigy2 z we %\ld nev] believe1 or conceive1 did we n "k x to be fact1 f our own s5ses4 ,b if we look = a solution ( x1 we _c ?9k1 any natural p[] is equal to x1 b t ( electricity2 :i* ackn[l$ges no s5sible transition ( "t2 no b\nds4 #cly1 ,we obs]ve1 ! vulg> solution ( subt]rane\s eruptions receives no c\nt5ance1 f all t 0 se51 or felt1 dur+ ^! e>?quakes4 ,x w\ld be v h>d to imag9e1 h[ any su* ?+ c\ld s sudd5ly1 & in/antane\sly op]ate1 ?ro' ?is va/ space3 & t 9 s simil>1 & t5d] a mann] ov] ! :ole1 ?ro' s great a v>iety1 z well z ext5t ( c\ntry2 z to d no mis*ief4 ,a philosophical inquir] 9 ,nor?ampton%ire _h 8 eye p>ticul>ly on ?is po9t1 takes notice1 !re 7 n any fissures 9 ! gr\nd2 any sulphure\s smells1 or eruptions any :]e p]ceiv'd2 s z to fav\r int]nal convulsions ( ! e>?4 ,! rev]5d ,mr4 ,nixon ( ,higham1 & ,mr4 ,smi?1 9 8 lett] f ,pet]bor\gh take notice1 t !y c\ld n le>n1 !re 7 any sort ( eruptions out ( ! e>?1 any :]e3 no smoke1 vapor1 or smell3 ?o' !y made suffici5t inquiry ab\t t circum/ance1 accord+ to p>ticul> direction4 ,yet we le>n f a lett] at ,upp+ham 9 ,rutl&1 t a plai/] floor became crack'd !reby4 ,^! k9d ( floors are frequ5t 9 ?is c\ntry2 :at we call /ucco 9 ,london3 & x gives u a good notion ( ! undulatory vibration1 produc'd by an e>?quake2 :i* "s h comp>'d to t ( a musical /r+3 o!rs to t ( a dog1 or a horse %ak+ !mselves1 :5 !y come out ( ! wat]4 ,?is la/ comp>ison w\ld h pleas$ "s ( ! anci5ts1 :o w\ld ne$s fancy1 t ! globe ( ! e>? 0 a great animal4 ,plato1 ,plut>*1 & o!rs1 _h su* k9d ( s5tim5ts4 ,:5ce "o may imag9e1 t !y w\ld conceive an e>?quake to be1 z :5 a horse %akes a "p ( 8 sk91 ^u a fly t\*+ him4 ,"s ( our correspond5ts express ! motion ( an e>?quake to be l a boat lift$ up by "o wave1 let d[n by ano!r4 #dly1 ,! =m] e>?quake t happ5'd at ,gran?am1 ,spald+1 ,/am=d1 7:i* t[ns lie 9 a triangle7 took up a space :i* may1 9 gross1 be acc\nt$ a circle ( #cj miles diamet]3 ! c5t] ( :i* is t great morass1 call$ ,deep+-f54 ,?is compreh5ds #ae miles ( t #cj1 9 diamet]3 & :]e probably1 ! electrical impression 0 fir/ made4 ,mu* ! major "p ( ,deep+-f5 is "u wat] 9 ! w9t] "t2 und]nea? 'tis a p]fect bog4 ,n[ x is v obvi\s1 h[ little favorable su* gr\nd is1 = subt]rane\s fires4 ,9 ! second e>?quake1 n only ?is c\ntry 0 affect$ aga91 b likewise a mu* l>g] space ( ! same sort ( f5ny gr\nd1 r worse ?an ! =m]3 all ,donn+ton-f51 ,deep+-f51 ,croyl&-f51 ,?orney-f51 ,:itlesea-f51 ,b$=d level1 & ! :ole ext5t ( ,ely-f51 "u v>i\s d5om9ations4 ,?is c\ntry1 "u ! turf1 ab\nds ) subt]rane\s timb] ( all sorts2 fir1 oak1 & bru%-wood3 & /ags horns4 ,n[ & !n !y f9d a quantity ( hazel nuts1 cr\d$ toge!r on an heap4 ,i h "s ( !m4 ,?is is a matt] common to all boggy gr\nd ov] ! :ole globe1 ,su* ?+s are ! ru9s ( ! ant$iluvian _w1 wa%$ d[n f ! high c\ntry :]e !y grew1 7 "h lodg'd ^u ! subsid+ ( ! wat]s1 & by "t are o'ergr[n ) ! pres5t turf4 ,!y t seek = any o!r solution ( ?is affair1 ?an ! univ]sal ,noa*ian deluge1 want to acc\nt = a g5]al effect1 by a p>tial cause3 & %ut _! eyes1 bo? to ! pla9 hi/ory ( ?is matt]2 & to ! inf9ite1 notori\s demon/rations ( x1 f fossil appe>ances4 #ely1 ,all ?is c\ntry1 ?o' und]nea? 'tis a watry bog1 yet ?ro' ?is :ole summ]1 & autumnal season 7z !y c h no natural spr+s 9 su* a level7 ! dr\ght has be5 s great on ! sup]ficies1 t ! inhabitants 7 oblig'd e day1 to drive _! cattle sev]al miles1 = wat]+4 ,! dr\ght 0 great]1 ?an has be5 kn[n 9 ! memory ( any "o liv+4 ,?is %[s h[ fit ! dry surface 01 = an electrical vibration4 ,& we le>n f h5ce1 ?is important p>ticul>1 t x rea*es b v little bel[ ! e>?'s surface4 ,mr4 ,johnson1 9 ano!r lett] :i* he wrote to me conc]n+ ! second e>?quake obs]v'd at ,spald+2 says ^u ?is occasion1 he 0 oblig$ to sc\r 8 canal1 & deep5 x3 t !y came to a :ite1 quicks&2 :i* af=d$ to all ! neighb\rhood1 excell5t wat] 9 pl5ty4 ,9 ! gravelly soil ( ,london2 & :]e ! two %ocks 7 felt by u1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ye>2 we "k1 !re is n a h\se 9 ! :ole ext5t ( ?is va/ city1 & all ar\nd x1 b a spr+ ( wat] is ready1 ^u digg+ a well1 ,:5ce we h mu* reason to believe1 t ! int]ior ( ! e>?1 is l a sponge soak'd 9 wat]4 ,s t ! only dry "p is ! sup]ficies1 :i* is ! object1 & ! subject ( t electric vibration2 :]e91 accord+ to my s5tim5ts1 an e>?quake consi/s4 ,?is %ews ! mi/ake ( ! anci5ts1 :o fancy+ t e>?quakes proce$$ f subt]rane\s eruptions1 built _! prodigi\s temple ( ,diana at ,ephesus1 ^u a boggy gr\nd1 to prev5t su* a disa/]1 ,! m>%y "p ( ,l9coln%ire1 be+ my native c\ntry1 ! adjac5t f51 toge!r ) t 9 ! isle ( ,ely1 ,i h be5 p]fectly acqua9t$ )2 f "o end to ! o!r1 ev] s9ce ,i knew any ?+4 ,?is va/ ext5t ( f5ny level1 f ne> ,cambridge 9 ! s\?1 to ne> ,hornca/le 9 ! nor?1 is #gj miles 9 l5g?4 ,& :5 ,i p]ceiv'd1 t x 01 9 :ole1 or 9 "p1 %ak5 by bo? ! la/ e>?quakes3 ,i c\ld n b see1 t x 0 no less ?an a demon/ration aga9/ ! old notion ( _! cause4 #fly1 ,e>?quakes are truly mo/ viol5t1 9 a rocky c\ntry3 because ! %ock is proportionate to ! solidity ( ! matt] electrify'd4 ,s t rocks1 cliffs1 qu>ries1 old ca/le walls1 & /rong build+s1 are mo/ obnoxi\s to ! concussion4 ,! isle ( ,c]igo 0 m liable1 & m rudely h&l$ by ! late e>?quake2 bo? because x 0 an isle1 & because x 0 rocky4 ,s we mu/ say ( ! late e>?quake 9 ,switz]l&1 t split ! m\nta91 & ! old ca/le wall4 ,:5ce ,mr4 ,johnson 9 8 second lett]1 says1 x crack$ a v /rong brick-h\se 9 ,gosb]ton by ,spald+4 ,dr4 ,dod]idge obs]ves f ,nor?ampton t ,dr4 ,/oneh\se's dwell+ be+ a v /rong "o1 0 mo/ s5sibly %ak54 ,& ?r\gh\t ! :ole compass ( ?is great e>?quake1 we f9d1 bo? ! noise1 ! %ock1 & ! t]ror 0 greate/ at ! *ur*es1 ^: walls & bulk made m resi/ance ?an h\ses4 ,& g5]ally speak+1 ! *ur*es ?r\gh\t ?is :ole ext5t h v fair1 & l>ge t[]s1 & v _m rem>kable spires all ( good /one1 :i* no d\bt quiv]'d v mu* at top1 if we c\ld h disc]n'd x4 ,?is same vibration impress$ on ! wat]1 meet+ ) ! solid ( ! bottom ( %ips1 & light]s1 gives t ?ump felt !reon2 j z 9 common electrify+1 we feel ! /roke ^u ! jo9ts ( our limbs *iefly4 ,yet ( ! millions ( ord9>y h\ses1 ov] :i* x pass$1 n "o fell4 ,a consid]ation :i* suffici5tly po9ts out to u1 :at sort ( a motion ?is 0 n1 :at sort ( a motion x 01 & :5ce d]iv'd2 n a convulsion ( ! b[els ( ! e>?1 b an uni=m vibration or undulation ( its surface1 aptly ?\ght l t ( a musical /r+3 or :at we put a dr9k+ glass into1 by rubb+ "o's f+] ov] ! edge2 :i* yet br\ght to a c]ta9 pit*1 breaks ! glass2 und\bt$ly an electric repulsion ( p>ts4 ,& f ?is rem>kable simil>ity 9 ! appe>ance ( e>?quakes we ga!r an inv9cible argum5t aga9/ ! old op9ion ( _! cause2 = ! tumult ( subt]rane\s eruptions c h no possible place h]e94 #gly1 ,we f9d f all acc\nts1 anci5t & mod]n1 t ! wea!r prec$+ ^! %ocks1 0 mild1 w>m1 dry1 s]5e1 cle>1 fro/y3 :at notori\sly fav\rs all our electrical exp]im5ts4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly obs]v'd by ,mr4 ,johnson & ,mr4 ,smi?1 & o!r acc\nts4 ,9 ! ext5sive %ock ( sunday m>* #ah1 along ! ,sussex coa/1 !y take notice f ,portsm\?1 t ! day 0 s]5e1 w>m1 & dry1 & t a %[] ( ra9 fell imm$iately be=e ! %ock4 ,mr4 ,b[man ( ,m\lsey obs]v'd a %ock !re on may #bd la/1 & says1 ! air 0 p]fectly s]5e1 & cle>4 ,we v well "k1 t g5]ally1 all la/ w9t] spr+1 summ]1 & autumn1 h be5 mo/ rem>kably ( ?is k9d ( wea!r2 m s1 ?an has be5 obs]v'd 9 our memory2 & h _h all ^? requisites1 appe>ances1 & prep>ations1 t notori\sly cause electricity1 t promote x1 or t are ! effects ( x4 #hly1 ,we f9d ! blood-r$ au/ralis aurora prec$+ at ,spald+1 z ) u at ,london4 ,at ! "t ( ! e>?quake at ,man*e/] ?is ye>1 x accompani$ x4 ,& ?is ye> has be5 m rem>kable ?an any = fire-balls1 /orms1 w9d1 ?und]1 lightn+s1 & coruscations1 almo/ ?r\gh\t all ,engl&4 ,a l>ge ball ( fire1 ) a long fi]y tail on july #bb1 t pass$ ov] great "p ( ,engl& nor?w>d4 ,ano!r se5 ov] ,london1 pass+ f we/ to ea/1 9 octob]4 ,coruscations 7 se5 j be=e t ext5sive %ock ( #gj miles long felt f ,lanca/] to ,wrexham1 on april #b1 la/4 ,fire-balls m ?an "o 7 se5 9 ,rutl&1 & ,l9coln%ire3 & p>ticul>ly obs]v'd4 ,& ,mr4 ,smi? f ,pet]bor\gh writes1 t a fire-ball 0 se5 ! morn+ ( ! e>?quake1 9 ! upp] "p ( ,nor?ampton%ire4 ,all ^! k9d ( meteors are rightly judg'd to proce$ f a /ate ( electricity 9 ! e>? & atmosph]e3 & h[ f> !y are actually conc]n$ 9 caus+ e>?quakes1 "t1 & accurate obs]vation mu/ in=m u4 #ily1 ,mr4 ,johnson 9 bo? 8 lett]s to me1 on ! fir/ & second e>?quakes1 at ,spald+1 rem>ks p>ticul>ly1 ( _! effects be+ mo/ly spread to ! nor? & s\?1 & especially felt on ! sea coa/4 ,we may obs]ve1 t su* is ! direction ( ,spald+ riv]1 :i* bo? conducts1 & /r5g!ns ! electric vibration3 convey+ x along ! sea-%ore !nce1 up to ,bo/on *annel2 & s up ,bo/on riv] to ,l9coln1 z we disc]n1 by ca/+ our eye on a map4 ,we obs]ve fur!r1 t ! ma9 ( ?is second e>?quake display'd its effects along1 & betwe5 ! two riv]s1 ,well& & ,avon3 & t f _! v orig9s1 d[n to _! fall into ! sea4 ,x likewise rea*'d ! riv] ,)am1 :i* direct$ ! electric /ream t way too1 to ,l9coln4 ,= :i* reason1 z !re meet+ ! same com+ f ,bo/on1 ! %ock 0 mo/ s5sibly felt4 ,x rea*'d likewise to ! ,tr5t at ,nott+ham1 :i* convey'd x to ,new>k4 ,! fir/ electrical /roke seems to h be5 made on ! high gr\nd above ,dav5try1 9 ,nor?ampton%ire2 :]e ! ,roman camps are1 made by ,p4 ,o/orius ! proprtor4 ,f !nce x desc5d$ *iefly ea/w>d1 & along ! riv] ,well&1 f ,h>bor\gh to ,/am=d1 ,spald+1 ! sea3 & along ! riv] ,avon1 or ,n51 to ,nor?ampton1 ,pet]bor\gh1 ,wisbe* to ! sea4 ,x spread itself all ov] ! va/ level ( ! isle ( ,ely2 fur!r'd by v _m canals1 & riv]s1 natural1 & artificial1 made = dra9age4 ,x 0 /ill conduct$ ea/w>d up ,mild5hall riv]1 9 ,suffolk1 to ,bury1 & ! p>ts adjac5t4 ,all ?is affair duly consid]'d1 is a confirmation ( ! doctr9e ,i advanc'd on ?is subject4 #ajly1 ,i appreh5d1 x 0 n ! noise 9 ! air1 z ( _m cannon let (f at once1 prec$+ ! e>?quake1 t s mu* affright$ p1 or affect$ ! %eep1 ! rook]y at ,k5s+ton1 ! h5 & *ick5s 9 ,gray's-inn-lane1 ! pigeons4 ,x c\ld n be b>ely ! sup]ficial movem5t ( ! e>?1 t di/urb'd !m all at once4 ,i judge x to be ! effect ( electricity1 some:at l :at causes sea sickness2 su* a sort ( motion1 z we are n accu/om$ to4 ,s ! e>?quake affects all ^? ( weak n]ves1 or t h n]v\s compla9ts2 obnoxi\s to hy/]ics1 colics1 rheumatick pa9s 9 _! jo9ts2 sev]al wom5 7 seiz$ ) viol5t head-a*s1 be=e bo? ! %ocks we felt 9 ,london4 ,x 0 ?is t gave ! p a %ortness ( brea?4 ,mr4 ,smi? f ,pet]bor\gh speaks ( a p]son t f\nd himself v sick ^u x4 ,?is made ! dog run :9+ ab\t ! room1 seek+ to get out3 ?is made ! fi%es leap up 9 ! pond at ,s\?w>k2 l z ! exp]im5t ( electrify+ ! fi%es3 x makes !m sick4 ,& ?is causes ! birds 9 cages to hide _! heads "u _! w+s1 because !y _c fly away4 ,:i* is commonly obs]v'd ( !m 9 ,italy1 & c\ntries1 :]e e>?quakes are m frequ5t4 #aaly1 ,i obs]ve1 ! %eph]d at ,k5s+ton ?\ght ! motion ( ! e>?quake1 & ! s\nd1 0 f ! nor?-we/ to s\?-ea/2 ! l ,mr4 ,w4 ,smi? f ,pet]bor\gh4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,mr4 ,byfield ! sc>let dy] 9 ,s\?w>k1 ?\ght ! noise came f ! riv] bel[ bridge1 & w5t t[>d ,we/m9/]2 :]e x rattl$ s1 t he did n d\bt1 b t ! abbey-*ur* 0 beat5 d[n4 ,dr4 ,p>sons took pa9s to f9d out ! way ( ! motion ( ! e>?quake1 f ! diff]5t position ( p's b$s2 b f ! contradictory answ]s giv51 he c\'d n obta9 any satisfaction1 z to t po9t4 ,all ?is1 & :at 0 obs]v'd f ,nor?ampton1 ( ! motion be+ ?\ght by "s1 to be upw>d & d[nw>d2 by o!rs r horizontal1 or lat]al3 ! c\nt+ ! pulses1 & ! l1 only po9ts out to u ! prodigi\s cel]ity1 & ! vibratory species ( ! motion ( an e>?quake4 ,b f>1 v f> is ?is f be+ ow+ to ! tumultu\s ebullition1 ! irregul> hurry ( subt]rane\s explosions4 #ably1 ,h[ ! atmosph]e1 & e>?1 are put into t electric & vibratory /ate1 :i* prep>es !m to give1 or receive ! snap1 & ! %ock1 :i* we call an e>?quake2 :at x is1 t imm$iately produces x1 we _c say3 any m ?an we c def9e1 :at is ! cause ( magnetism1 or ( gravitation2 or h[ muscul> motion is p]=m'd1 or a ?\s& o!r secrets 9 nature4 ,we seem to "k1 t ! au?or ( ! _w has dissem9at$ e!real fire1 ?ro' all matt]1 by :i* ^! great op]ations are br\ght ab\t4 ,?is is ! subtil fluid ( ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 p]vad+ all ?+s3 ! occult fire diffus$ ?ro' ! univ]se1 accord+ to ,m>silius ,fic9us ! platonic philosoph]1 on ! ,timeus ( 8 ma/]4 ,all ! ,platoni/s insi/ on an occult fire pass+ ?ro'1 & agitat+ all sub/ance1 by its vigor\s & expansive motion4 ,be=e !m1 ,hippocrates writes 9 ! same s5se1 ,i4 de victs ratione1 t ?is fire moves all 9 all4 ,?is e!real fire is "o ( ! f\r elem5ts ( ! anci5ts4 ,x lies lat5t1 & disp]s$ ?ro' all ! o!r ?ree1 & quiesc5t3 till collect$ into a quantity1 t ov]-balances ! circumjac5t2 l ! air cr\d$ into a tempe/3 or till x is excit$1 by any prop] motion4 ,?is fire gives ela/icity3 & ela/icity or vibration is ! "m ( electricity4 ,we don't s mu* wond] at phosphorus aris+ f animal sub/ances2 = ?is fire is 9 wat]1 & betrays itself to our s5ses1 9 salt wat]4 ,_m a "t :5 ,i h pass$ ! ,l9coln%ire wa%es1 9 ! night "t2 ! horse has seem'd to tread 9 liquid flames4 ,! same appe>ance is (t at ! keel ( a %ip4 ,fire exi/s 9 wat]1 says ,pl9y1 z well z 9 human bodies4 nat4 hi/4 ,,ii4 #ajg4 ,loaf sug> beat5 9 ! d>k is lum9\s4 ,_m vegetables1 z indian cane1 & rott5 wood ! l1 z ,b>?ol9 l>gely recites1 de luce hom9um c4 #d4 ,all electric bodies h ?is privilege3 t is1 !y m easily discov] x4 ,amb]1 gum lac1 nap?a1 bitum5s1 "s preci\s /ones4 ,my old fri5d ,mr4 ,/eph5 ,gray ! fa!r & great propagator ( electricity1 %['d me exp]im5ts !re91 9 ! ye> #agje1 !n at ,corpus ,*ri/i college 9 ,cambridge4 ,aft]w>d 9 ! ye> #agai1 he %['d by exp]im5ts be=e ! ,royal ,society1 t pap]1 ribb&s1 silk1 satt91 clo?1 %av+s1 l951 goldbeat]s sk91 & 9 %ort1 almo/ all k9d ( sub/ances discov] electrical sp>ks ( fire 9 ! d>k3 especially :5 well w>m'd be=e ! fire1 or 9 a cold1 dry1 nitr\s air1 & 9 a room :]e !re is no company4 ,?is same quality is f\nd 9 vacuo1 z ,dr4 ,desaguli]s %['d be=e ! ,royal ,society1 m>* #ca1 #agbj4 ,he took an exhau/$ glass globe1 & caus$ x to be turn'd r\nd viol5tly1 9 an eng9e3 by rubb+ ! h& ^u x1 x 0 illum9at$ )9 side1 ) purple /reams4 ,?is gave =eign]s ! idea ( us+ a glass globe1 9 electrical exp]im5ts4 ,! op]ation ( ! e!real fire is v>i\s1 nay1 inf9ite1 accord+ to its quantity1 & degree ( incitem5t1 progress1 h9drance1 or fur!rance4 ,"o degree keeps wat] fluid1 says ! le>n$ bi%op ( ,cloyne3 ano!r turns x into ela/ic air1 & air itself seems no?+ else1 b vapors1 & exhalations r5d]'d ela/ic1 by ?is fire4 ,?is fame fire p]meates1 & dwells 9 all bodies2 ev5 diamond1 fl9t1 & /eel4 ,its p>ticles attract ) ! greate/ =ce1 :5 approximat$4 ,aga91 :5 unit$1 !y fly asund]1 ) ! greate/ =ce1 & cel]ity2 x resi/s no?+ quiesc5t1 b :5 put into motion1 x disda9s all resi/ance4 ,all ?is is accord+ to ! laws prescrib'd by ! sov]eign ar*itect4 ,?is is ! life1 & s\l ( action1 & reaction1 9 ! univ]se4 ,?us has ! great au?or provid$ aga9/ ! native sluggi%ness ( matt]6 light1 or fire 9 animals1 is :at we call ! animal spirits2 & is ! au?or ( life1 & motion4 ,b we "k n ! imm$iate mode ( muscul> motion2 any m ?an h[1 9 inanimate matt]1 x causes ! vibrations ( an e>?quake4 ,( ?is fire1 ! excell5t ,manilius ?us writes1 :o liv'd 9 ! "t ( ,augu/us4 ,a/ronom4 ,i4 ,sunt autem cunctis p]mi/i p>tibus ignes2 ,qui gravidas habitant fabricantes fulm9a nubes3 ,et p5etrant t]ras1 tnamq2 imitantur ,olympo3 ,et calidas r$dunt ipsis 9 fontibus undas4 ,ac silice 9 duro1 viridiq2 9 cortice s$em ,inv5iunt2 cum silva sibi collisa crematur4 ,ignibus usq2 adeo natura e/ omnis abundans6 ,:i* may ?us be engli%'d4 ,fire univ]sal nature trav]ses4 ,x makes ! ?und]bolt 9 tumid cl\ds3 ,9 dire ,vulcano's p5etrates ! e>?3 ,& s5ds ! boil+ wat] f its spr+s4 ,9 h>de/ fl9t1 & s(te/ wood x dwells3 ,:i* by collision %[s itself 9 flame4 ,) fire s pregnant is all nature f\nd6 #acly1 ,! great "q !n ) u1 is h[ ! surface ( ! e>? is put into t vibratory & electric /ate1 by heat & dr9ess8 we mu/ ne$s acquit ! int]nal ( ! e>? f ! *>ge ( ^! sup]ficial concussions4 ,h[ !n is ! e!real fire cr\d$ toge!r1 or excit$1 s z to cause !m2 see+ 9 our ord9>y electrical exp]im5ts1 we make use ( friction8 ,b t friction alone does n excite electricity1 we "k f ! obvi\s exp]im5t ( fl9t & /eel1 :]e ! sudd5ness ( ! /roke1 & h>dness ( ! matt] does x4 ,ano!r me?od ( excit+ x1 is ! lett+ (f a numb] ( great guns1 :i* s cr\ds ! e!real fire toge!r1 z to electrify glass w9d[s2 obs]v'd by my fri5d ! rev]5d ,dr4 ,/eph5 ,hales4 ,! aurora borealis1 au/ralis1 all k9d ( coruscations1 meteors1 lightn+1 ?und]1 fire-balls are ! effects1 & may reciprocally be ! cause ( electricity2 b h[ 9 p>ticul> we "k n4 ,come we to ! animal _w1 we mu/ ne$s ass]t1 t all motion volunt>y1 involunt>y1 g5]ation1 ev5 life itself3 all ! op]ations ( ! vegetable k+dom1 & an inf9ity m ( nature's works1 are ow+ to ! activity ( ?is electric fire1 ! v s\l ( ! mat]ial _w4 ,& 9 my op9ion1 'tis ?is alone1 t solves ! fam\s "q1 s mu* agitat$ ) ! writ]s 9 m$ic9e1 ab\t ! heat ( ! blood4 ,h[ ^!1 h[ e>?quakes are begun1 propagat$1 we are yet to seek4 ,we may readily en\gh presume1 t ! contact betwe5 ! electric1 & ! non-electric1 :i* gives ! snap1 & ! %ock1 mu/ come f )\t1 f ! atmosph]e4 ,p]haps by "s meteor t cr\ds ! e!real fire toge!r3 :i* !n flies (f ) t imm5se =ce t causes ! e>?quake4 ,9 ! po9t ( contact on ! e>?'s surface1 ! same ?+ is done1 p]haps1 ano!r "t1 by a %[] ( ra94 ,our ?\ghts ^u ?is matt] mu/ ne$s be z immature1 z !y are novel4 ,b we may readily conclude1 t ?o' ! orig9al /roke comes f ! atmosph]e1 yet ! atmosph]e has no fur!r conc]n 9 x3 no a]eal p[]1 or *ange !re91 c propagate itself s in/antane\sly1 ov] s va/ a surface1 z #djjj miles squ>e4 ,!re=e ! impetu\s ru%+ noise 9 ! air1 accompany+ ! %ock1 is ! effect1 & n ! cause4 ,& all ?is is /rongly confirm'd by ?is obs]vation1 t ! b>omet] & !rmomet] receiv'd no *ange ^u ! e>?quakes4 ,b surely1 !re is n a he>t ( fle% t is n affect$ ) s /up5d\s a concussion6 let a man e/imate 8 own p[]1 ) t :i* causes an e>?quake2 & he w be p]suad$1 t some:at m ?an ord9>y is int5d$ by s r>e & wond]ful a motion4 ,t great g5ius ,hippocrates1 makes ! :ole ( ! animal conomy to be adm9i/r$1 by :at we call nature4 ,& nature alone1 says he1 suffices = all ?+s1 to animals3 %e kn[s h]self1 & :at is necess>y = !m4 ,we mu/ ext5d ?is ?\ght to ! inanimate _w4 ,& c we d5y !n1 t he "h means a consci\s & intellig5t nature1 t presides ov]1 & directs all ?+s1 moves ! e!real _s or fire1 t moves all ?+s3 a div9e necessity1 b a volunt>y ag5t1 :o gives ! comm&+ nod1 to :at we commonly call nature1 ! *ief in/rum5t 9 ! mo/ important op]ations ( ! va/ ma*9e1 z well z 9 ! ord9>y ones1 p>ticul>ly ! human "o3 adm9i/r+ ! :ole conomy 7z he says7 )\t noise1 unse51 unfelt4 ,& ?is leads u1 #adly1 ,la/ly1 9 reg>d to ! spiritual use we ought to make ( ^! extraord9>y phnom5a1 or ( our inquiries ab\t !m1 ,i %all fir/ obs]ve1 t we f9d abroad1 sev]al ( ^! e>?quakes ?is ye> h be5 v fatal4 ,9 ! la/ we read (1 at ,philippopoli 9 ,?race1 ! :ole city 0 de/roy$1 above #djjj inhabitants kill$4 ,at home1 :]e above half a score sep>ate concussions h be5 felt1 !re has n be5 "o h\se ?r[n d[n1 "o life lo/4 ,?is ought to inspire u ) a v s]i\s reflection ab\t !m2 nor is x altoge!r unwor?y ( our rem>k1 t !y began ) u 9 ,london1 9 febru>y la/3 & aft] visit+ ! circle ( ! globe1 at pres5t1 end ) u4 #b;dly1 ,we may obs]ve1 t if we did b read ! works ( ,hippocrates1 ,plato & 8 foll[]s2 ( ,tully1 ,gal51 & ! l e?ic writ]s ( antiquity2 :il/ we /udy1 & try ! affections ( matt]2 we %\ld improve 9 philosophy1 prop]ly speak+3 we %\ld lift up our m9ds f ^! e>?ly wond]s1 & disc]n ! cele/ial admonitions1 !y pres5t to u4 ,! orig9al mean+ ( ! ^w philosophy1 0 rightly apply'd to moral wisdom4 ,we :o h advanc'd bo? ! natural1 & moral1 %\ld1 z ! anci5ts did1 jo9 !m bo? toge!r4 ,by ?is means1 we ga!r1 ! tru? ( ! highe/1 & mo/ excell5t philosophy1 to be f\nd 9 ^? volumes ( fir/ antiquity1 :i* we call sacr$3 & :i*1 'tis our peculi>1 & ine/imable happ9ess to possess4 ,we %\ld adore t div9e light1 :i* !y hold =? to u4 ,especially 9 a c\ntry1 :]e ! pr9ciples ( true religion are op51 & undisguis$3 :]e ! e/abli%'d pr(ession ( x is rational1 noble & lovely3 wor?y ( ! moral gov]nor ( ! _w2 fit = him to enjo93 = u to practise1 ) pleasure & effect4 novemb] #g1 #agej4 ,w4 ,/ukeley4 ,read at ! ,royal ,society1 decemb] #f4 ,,f9is4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib] ,note ,m9or typos 7 correct$4 ,a numb] ( words are capitaliz$ aft] a comma :i* w\ld usually be set z l[]-case today b !y 7 left z is4 ,days ( ! week & mon? names 7 pr9t$ 9 l[]-case4 ,italicization z p] ! pr9t$ v]sion4