#bi;c ,how to ,make ,draperies ,instructions for ,fabrics ,color ,design ,measurements ,construction ,published by ,,the ,,singer ,,company ,book ,no4 #ajb ,illustration3 uncaptioned ,illustration3 ,,singer ,sewing ,library ,how to ,make ,draperies ,,contents page ,fabrics #c ,color and ,design #g ,selection of ,needles and ,thread #h ,window ,measurements #aa ,construction ,details #ae ,measuring for ,pleats #bf ,copyright #aifj by ,the ,singer ,company ,copyright under ,international ,copyright ,union ,all ,rights ,reserved under ,inter-,america ,copyright ,union ,no part of this book may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission4 ,illustration3 uncaptioned ,fabrics ,illustration3 uncaptioned ,drapery fabrics are available to us today in an overwhelming variety for every decor--not only in the traditional fabrics1 but also in the many new synthetics and blends4 ,whether the room is traditional1 modern1 formal or informal1 you need only visit the drapery fabric department to realize what a wide choice of fabrics are available in either group4 ,windows are so much a part of the background that the fabric chosen1 its texture1 color and line1 and the design of the curtains1 draperies and slip covers must be in keeping with the atmosphere of the room and contribute to the over-all effect4 ,for the very formal treatment1 you'll want to choose something in the ,damask designs1 taffetas1 moires1 brocades1 satins1 brocatelles or the many blends of the pure and man-made fibers1 some with metallic threads woven in4 ,fringes and tassels are used as trims1 and the window treatment would include draped valances1 swags1 cascades1 elaborate cornices1 tie-backs1 etc4 ,for the less formal or informal room1 the choice of fabric is even wider--linens in medium and sheer weights1 prints and lacey patterns1 marquisette1 scrim1 voile1 ninon1 denim1 sailcloth1 chintz1 polished cotton1 antique satin1 organdy1 batiste and many blends of synthetics1 such as ,fortisan and rayon or silk4 ,the curtain treatment should be simple4 ,if valances are used1 they should be plain with straight lines4 ,many of the new synthetic fibers are a real advantage to the home-maker because of their easy washing and quick drying properties4 ,some require very little pressing1 if any4 ,in estimating the yardage required1 consider the length of the drapery1 before finishing hems and heading1 and the width of the window or space to be covered4 ,an allowance of #b or #c times the width should be made for fullness4 ,when using sheer fabrics1 draperies should be full enough to hang in easy1 graceful folds4 ,over-curtains or draperies of medium weight fabrics require a fullness of #b to #b times the width4 ,also1 if you select a fabric with a large one-way design1 some allowance should be made for matching the design so all lengths will balance4 ,for example3 ,the window is #fd wide which requires #d widths of #dh wide fabric for a #c to #a fullness4 ,the drapery lengths are #b yards long4 ,if a plain fabric or overall design is used1 the fabric required would be #i yards1 but if the fabric has a #bd repeat pattern1 you must allow #a yards more1 or a total of #aj yards for matching the design4 ,consider the width of the fabric when figuring the number of widths for fullness4 ,some fabrics are only #cf wide--chintz and some polished cottons1 for example4 ,others may run #dj--dh--;even #ed or #fj in width2 but the average is about #dh wide4 ,illustration3 ,grain lines of fabric4 ,crosswise ,grain--,weft or ,filling ,lengthwise ,grain--,warp ,true ,bias ,draperies must be cut on the true lengthwise and crosswise grain of the fabric so that when hung1 they fall straight from the rod in even1 graceful folds4 ,in weaving1 yarns are threaded lengthwise on a loom which form the warp of the fabric4 ,another yarn is interlaced back and forth crosswise and is called the weft or filling thread4 ,this is known as the plain weave4 ,linen1 voile1 chintz1 etc41 are a few of the plain woven fabrics4 ,there are variations of the plain weave1 such as the pile weave1 with velveteen and corduroy as examples4 ,the basket weave is another1 with ,monk's cloth as an example4 ,the diagonal line halfway between the lengthwise and crosswise threads is the bias of the fabric4 ,the twill weave is perhaps one of the most durable4 ,the filling yarn forms a diagonal line1 passing over one warp yarn and under two or more4 ,denim1 drill cloth and ticking are examples of this weave4 ,the satin weave is an irregular weave where one yarn passes over several yarns of the other set before interweaving1 forming a floating1 lustrous surface4 ,weaves are used in combinations to obtain the various patterns in ,damasks1 brocades1 ,jacquards1 etc4 ,illustration3 ,cutting on true crosswise grain4 ,the yarns made from the different fibers--the natural1 man-made and blended fibers--are of various sizes1 weights1 smoothness and fuzziness4 ,the type of yarns used in the different weaves influences the texture of the fabric as well as its weight1 lustre and durability4 ,when cutting drapery lengths1 be sure to start with a true crosswise grain4 ,most firmly woven plain weave fabrics can be torn4 ,snip the selvage before you tear the fabric4 ,linens1 loosely woven and nubby fabrics1 novelty weaves and many others will not tear satisfactorily4 ,to straighten these1 it is necessary to pull a thread crosswise and cut on pulled line4 ,after cutting lengths1 check to see if the ends of the fabric are square4 ,if not1 square the crosswise edge by pulling the low corner on a true bias from opposite side of the fabric4 ,sometimes dampening the fabric will relax the threads and make straightening easier4 ,,estimate ,,of ,,yardage ,,draperies ,full ,length ,window--#dh ,material #f ,,yards ,full ,length ,window with ,valance #f ,,lining--,full ,length ,window #e ,these figures are the approximate requirements4 ,always1 where possible1 take careful measurements for more accurate estimate4 ,it is much better to have extra material than not enough4 ,when using materials with a large floral pattern or plaid1 allow one full length of the motif for each additional length required for draperies4 ,color and ,design ,illustration3 uncaptioned ,color has a language all its own--,it expresses1 it soothes1 it stimulates1 it creates2 it can give you a lift4 ,and color as a home decorator can be made to work like magic4 ,with color1 the dullest rooms can be made to sparkle with warmth and good cheer4 ,any color scheme is good as long as it is balanced and it pleases you4 ,a number of colors1 tints and shades may be used in one room1 but one color should be dominant and it should be used in different areas of the room4 ,the second color should be subordinate1 not of the same value4 ,then a third color may be used for accent or contrast4 ,the neutral colors3 gray1 white and black1 are good background or accent colors4 ,do not overlook the possibilities of accessories1 such as pillows1 vases1 china1 lamps and books to supply an accent color to complete your color scheme4 ,your color scheme may be taken from a favorite picture1 a family heirloom or may express the interests and personalities of the family4 ,consider also the location of the room--,east1 ,west1 ,north or ,south--and how the light enters the room4 ,there are three primary colors--red1 yellow and blue4 ,these colors are mixed to obtain secondary colors4 ,for example1 red and yellow produce the color orange2 red and blue1 the color violet and blue and yellow1 the color green4 ,by blending these six colors we complete the color wheel which is made up of red1 red orange1 orange1 yellow1 yellow green1 green1 blue green1 blue1 blue violet and violet4 ,we refer to certain colors as warm1 others as cool and still others as neither warm nor cool4 ,the warm colors are red1 yellow and orange4 ,the cool colors are the blues4 ,green is neither warm nor cool but if mixed with yellow1 it becomes warm2 when mixed with blue1 it becomes a cool color4 ,color and line apparently change the size of the room4 ,cool1 light colors and vertical lines make walls appear higher and the room larger1 while warm colors and horizontal lines seem to lower the ceiling and draw the walls nearer4 ,for ,north and ,east rooms1 use warm colors4 ,if little light enters in1 use light shades of the warm colors4 ,use the cool colors in rooms with ,south or ,west exposures4 ,when purchasing your fabrics for curtains1 draperies and slip covers1 keep in mind the overall effect4 ,consider the room exposure1 light1 size of room1 furniture arrangement and what color and design will do to create a room you will always enjoy4 ,since windows are a very important part of the room as a unit1 the fabric chosen for curtains or draperies should also be used to slip cover a sofa or chair1 a dressing table cover1 or a dust ruffle for the bed4 ,illustration3 uncaptioned ,selection of ,needles and ,thread ,sewing thread should blend as nearly as possible with the fabric in color1 fiber and size4 ,silk and wool fabrics are stitched with silk thread4 ,cottons1 linens and some blended fabrics are stitched with cotton thread or mercerized thread4 ,the synthetic fabrics and blends of the pure and man-made fibers may be stitched with silk1 mercerized cotton1 nylon or ,dacron 7,du,pont7 thread4 ,the needle is selected with consideration to both the thread and the fabric4 ,with fabrics used for glass curtains and for sheer curtains1 such as organdy1 voile1 8,dacron10 dotted ,swiss1 marquisettes1 batiste and sheer linen1 use a fine cotton thread1 size #hj or #ij1 or a mercerized thread4 ,use a size #ad needle for mercerized thread and a size #aa for finer threads1 including 8,dacron0 for 8,dacron0 fabrics1 organdy1 8,dacron10 marquisette1 dotted ,swiss1 lawn1 batiste and rayon lend themselves beautifully to the use of sewing machine attachments for ruffling1 tucking1 hemming1 etc4 ,fiberglas stitches well and is best suited to straight panel type curtains with pleated headings4 ,use a mercerized thread and size #ad machine needle for ,fortisan1 synthetics and the many blends4 ,the average machine stitch length for these fabrics should be about #ab stitches to the inch and the tensions easy enough to prevent puckering the fabrics1 particularly sheer fabrics1 such as batiste1 nylons1 ninons and soft rayon blends4 ,for ,damask1 brocades1 taffetas1 satins1 etc41 use silk or mercerized thread1 size #ad or #aa needles of #ab to #ad stitches per inch4 ,heavy weight fabrics1 namely1 linens1 cotton ,damasks1 sailcloth1 ticking1 denims1 etc41 require a heavy-duty thread1 a size #af needle and a #ab stitch length4 ,for light or medium weight fabrics comparable to polished cottons1 ,chintz1 linens1 ,glosheen1 percale1 antique satin and faille1 use a mercerized thread1 a size #ad needle and a #ab or #ad stitch length4 ,illustration3 uncaptioned ,illustration3 uncaptioned ,,return ,,return ,,fixture ,,width ,,floor ,,length ,,frame ,,jam ,,sash ,,sill ,,sill ,,length ,,apron ,,apron ,,length ,,baseboard ,,clear ,,rug ,window ,measurements ,before taking measurements1 there are several points that should be taken into consideration3 ,is the window in proportion to the room8 ,will it contribute properly to the effect you wish to achieve8 ,do you have the right rods for hanging the type of drapery selected8 ,when you are satisfied with the window1 then it is time to consider the type of materials for draperies and decide on the type of rod required4 ,it is a good idea to make a sketch of the room1 noting the placement of windows and arrangement of furniture4 ,also take the width and height measurement of each window4 ,then visit the curtain and drapery department to get an idea of the type of fixtures available4 ,at the same time1 obtain small samples of the fabrics suited to the type of drapery you have in mind4 ,examine them in the room where they are to be used4 ,are they the right texture8 ,are the colors lively enough8 ,will they create the desired effect8 ,purchase and mount the rods for the draperies4 ,fixtures should be mounted so that draperies1 when hung1 will cover the window frame4 ,now you are ready to take measurements4 ,there are three correct lengths for draperies--to the sill--to the lower edge of the apron--or to the floor4 ,full length draperies should just clear the floor or be long enough to crush on the floor4 ,for length--,measure from the top of the rod down--to the sill--to the lower edge of apron--or to the floor4 ,for width--,measure from edge to edge of window frame or from outer edges of fixture brackets4 ,to this measurement add the 8return0 at either end2 that is1 the length from curve of rod to the wall4 ,estimating ,yardage for ,over-,curtains or ,draperies ,the type of heading1 the width of lower hem and the type of drapery2 that is1 lined1 unlined or interlined1 must be considered when estimating the yardage required4 ,the fullness of draperies averages about twice the width of the space to be covered4 ,a stiffening2 such as a strip of crinoline or buckram is used at the top to support the pleats4 ,for ,lined ,draperies--,to length measurement1 add #a for heading1 #d for hem and #c for bottom hem4 ,example--,if length from top of rod is #ij1 add #a plus #d plus #c4 ,this equals #ih for one length1 or #e yards for the two lengths4 ,for ,unlined ,draperies--,to length measurement1 add #a for heading1 #d for top hem and seam1 and #c for lower hem4 ,a #d wide strip of crinoline is used at the top of both lined and unlined drapes4 ,if a double hem is used at the bottom1 then add #f instead of #c for hem in either lined or unlined drapes4 ,for ,interlined ,draperies--,to length measurement1 add #a for heading1 #c for top hem and #c for bottom hem4 ,when using ready-made headings for pleats1 add to the length measurement #a for heading and seam1 and #c for bottom hem4 ,illustration3 ,french ,doors or ,window ,the rod should be placed so that the drapery1 when hung1 covers the glass portion of the window4 ,take measurement from top of upper rod to lower part of lower rod4 ,to this measurement1 add #b at the top and #b at the bottom4 ,this allows for a #a hem1 top and bottom1 plus seam allowance4 ,the #a hem is for a casing and heading4 ,,fixture ,,for ,,width ,,measure ,,from ,,top ,,and ,,bottom ,,of ,,fixture ,,fixture ,recessed ,windows ,illustration3 uncaptioned ,when draperies are hung flush with the wall1 measurements are taken inside the recess4 ,a spring socket type of fixture is available for this type of window4 ,always measure from the top of the rod1 except for ,cafe curtains4 ,usually a ring1 8sew-on0 or 8clip-on0 type is used4 ,in this case1 measure from lower part of circle to lower part of next section1 or to the sill4 ,add depth of top finish plus hem to this measurement4 ,illustration3 ,oval spring socket4 ,round spring socket4 ,sliding ,windows or ,doors ,illustration3 ,hook over or dual wheel design4 ,cord tension pulley4 ,install on wall1 baseboard or floor4 ,these windows are usually treated as one4 ,draperies1 in two sections1 are hung on a pole or traverse rod and are drawn to the center1 one section overlapping the other about #b4 ,take length measurement from top of rod to the floor4 ,to this measurement1 add #e for heading and top hem and #c for bottom hem4 ,if double hems are used1 add #i at the top plus #f for bottom hem4 ,to the width1 add #c at either end for return of curtain from fixture to wall4 ,illustration3 ,two-way traverse rod4 ,projected ,window ,illustration3 uncaptioned ,to permit ease when opening or closing the window1 the fixture should extend a little beyond the window on either side4 ,use a simple fixture1 an oval or round rod1 and a draw type of drapery4 ,if drapery is to be shirred on the rod1 take measurement from top of rod to lower edge of window4 ,to length measurement1 add #b for a #a hem which forms the casing and heading1 and #b to #b bottom hem4 ,if sew-on or clip-on rings are used1 measure from lower circle of ring to edge of window4 ,to this measurement1 add depth of top and bottom hem4 ,illustration3 uncaptioned ,awning ,window ,illustration3 uncaptioned ,the type of drapery determines points of measurement4 ,with tier type draperies1 one for each section of the window1 the measurements are taken from top to bottom of each section4 ,draperies hung from the top extending to lower edge of window or floor are measured from top of fixture for length desired4 ,tier type or cafe sections should be long enough to overlap the heading of the section below4 ,follow same procedure for measuring as for projected window4 ,these draperies should be full--#a times the width for medium weight fabrics1 such as ,chintz1 ,glosheen1 etc41 to three times the width when using sheer fabrics4 ,methods of installing ,curtain and drapery rods1 brackets and valance boards should be mounted securely to the wall to support heavy draperies4 ,this can be a problem unless you use the right screws or bolts4 ,there is a correct screw and bolt available for every type of wall--brick1 concrete or plaster walls4 ,illustration3 ,,plaster ,,screw--,for plaster or dry walls4 ,illustration3 ,,plastic ,,plug--,use in brick wall for plug1 then insert screw4 ,illustration3 ,,molly ,,bolt--,use in plaster1 brick or concrete wall4 ,illustration3 ,,toggle ,,bolt--,use in frame or plaster walls where there is a separation between outer and inner walls4 ,construction ,details ,illustration3 uncaptioned ,draperies or over curtains are made of medium weight or heavy fabrics4 ,they may be unlined1 lined or lined and interlined1 depending on the fabric and its treatment--whether formal or informal4 ,there are three accepted lengths for draperies--to the window sill--to the bottom of the window apron--or to the floor4 ,floor length is most generally used1 and for very formal treatments1 the drapery is often made long enough to crush on the floor4 ,draperies hang straight from the rod to the floor4 ,if they meet at the top center1 they may be draped to either side and held with ornamental tie-backs or those made of the same material4 ,when the type and design of draperies have been decided upon and the right type of rods have been mounted1 then measurements for draperies can be taken4 ,measure from the top of the rod down for length desired4 ,then add to length measurement the allowance for top and bottom hems4 ,review chapter on 8,fabrics0 before cutting lengths for draperies4 ,unlined ,draperies ,these draperies are informal in treatment and are usually made of light or medium weight fabrics4 ,most any type of top finish1 shirring or pleats is suitable4 ,a plain valance or cornice board may be used4 ,for a pleated heading1 allow #e at the top for heading and #e at the bottom for a #b double hem4 ,cut strips of crinoline or lawn for stiffening #d wide and #c shorter than the width of each drapery length4 ,pin strip to underside of heading from the top1 starting #a from the edge4 ,stitch along lower edge of strip1 then turn top edge of fabric over stiffening and stitch4 ,turn top hem to underside along edge of stiffening4 ,press and pin in place4 ,side hems may be put in by hand1 machine stitched or blind stitched4 ,for hand stitching or straight machine stitching1 turn edge to underside2 then turn #a for hem4 ,pin hem in place for stitching4 ,to blind-stitch hem1 using the ,zigzag ,sewing ,machine or the ,zigzag ,attachment1 pin hem in place2 then run a row of hand basting from turned edge4 ,with wrong side of drapery up1 turn hem under to right side1 exposing the edge4 ,turn #b double hem at the bottom and finish by hand or machine stitch4 ,illustration3 ,stitch stiffening to top of drapery4 ,,stiffening #a ,,both ,,sides ,,for ,,hems ,,underside ,,of ,,material ,illustration3 ,finish side hem by hand1 using slip-stitch4 ,illustration3 ,side hem basted for blind-stitch hemming4 ,illustration3 ,blind-stitch hemming1 using the ,zigzag ,sewing ,machine4 ,illustration3 ,double hems with corners cut out to relieve bulk4 ,illustration3 ,finishing double side hems and bottom hem by hand4 ,if #a double side hems are used1 cut stiffening #d shorter than the width of each drapery length4 ,when using a heading with woven-in pockets for pleater pins1 7available by the yard7 allow #b at the top for heading and seam4 ,pin right side of heading to right side of drapery _/ below edge across the top4 ,consider the return of the drapery at each side1 and position woven-in pockets so that the pleat comes at the turn of the rod4 ,stitch1 taking seam2 then turn heading to underside4 ,press and stitch from the lower edge of the heading4 ,illustration3 ,type of hook used for forming pleats and hanging draperies4 ,illustration3 ,,right ,,side ,,of ,,material ,place pleat tape at top1 _/ from edge4 ,stitch from edge4 #a ,,both ,,sides ,,for ,,hem ,,wrong ,,side ,,of ,,pleat ,,tape ,illustration3 ,tape turned to underside4 ,stitch tape to drapery at lower edge4 ,machine stitch #a side hems4 ,,slotted ,,side ,,of ,,pleat ,,tape ,lined ,draperies ,illustration3 ,lining in proportion to drapery length4 #b ,,top #d ,,hem #g ,,lining #c #b ,draperies are lined for the protection of the fabric4 ,linings also give weight to the draperies1 causing them to hang in deeper folds4 ,a sun-fast white1 soft gray or cream colored sateen is generally used as the lining fabric4 ,linings1 just as drapery fabrics1 must be cut straight with the crosswise and lengthwise grains4 ,always start with a straight crosswise edge4 ,this is obtained by drawing a crosswise thread and cutting on drawn thread4 ,if fabric slopes up on one edge1 then it should be straightened before pieces are cut4 ,very often1 when fabrics are rolled on the boards at the mills1 the fabric is rolled more tightly on one end than at the other1 drawing the crosswise threads 7weft7 in a diagonal line4 ,this is apt to be true in loosely woven fabrics and particularly lining fabric4 ,to straighten fabric1 first remove selvages1 pull fabric gently but effectively1 stretching it diagonally from corner to corner2 then alternate4 ,grasp the fabric so that you will neither injure nor wrinkle it4 ,press before seaming4 ,lining should be cut to allow for a #b hem at the bottom and a seam across the top and sides4 ,illustration is for a drapery #b yards long1 finished with #d top hem1 #a side hems and #c bottom hem4 ,drapery length would measure #ih and lining length1 #hh4 ,the average hem widths1 #c and #d1 were used in figuring measurements4 ,the width of hems vary4 ,there is no fixed rule4 ,they may be #c--d--e or even #g at the top and #b--b--c or #d at the bottom4 ,in many cases the bottom hem is doubled1 particularly in sheer or lightweight fabrics4 ,also the center side hem may be as much as #b wide and the outer hem #a4 ,in this case1 the lining is cut #f narrower than the drapery4 ,before taking measurements for draperies1 review section on ,window ,measurements4 ,to join lining1 turn top edge of lining to underside and press4 ,pin lining and drapery together1 starting #g from the top4 ,stitch from top of lining down to #d of lower edge of lining1 taking a seam4 ,back-stitch at the beginning and end of seam4 ,press seam as stitched2 then clip seam every #c or #d4 ,press the seam open4 ,pin1 from hem to hem1 a #d wide strip of stiffening to underside across the top4 ,stitch and press4 ,illustration3 ,straightening material--,pull diagonally from low corner4 ,illustration3 ,joining lining to drapery4 ,,right ,,side ,,of ,,material #g ,,lining ,illustration3 ,stiffening stitched to heading4 ,,stiffening #a ,,for ,,hem ,,both ,,sides ,,underside ,,of ,,material ,turn drapery right side out and adjust hems on either side4 ,be sure seams are spread open4 ,press and pin4 ,turn top hem to underside4 ,pin and press4 ,turn and miter side hem4 ,cut out top hem even with stiffening and within #a of the top4 ,pin lining to hem1 overlapping lower edge 4 ,side hem and mitered corner above the lining should be slip-stitched by hand2 then slip-stitch lining to top hem4 ,press4 ,allow draperies to hang for #b or #c days before putting in lower hems4 ,then adjust length of drapery so that it clears the rug or floor4 ,turn edge under 2 then turn hem width4 ,if an allowance is made for a double hem1 first turn to underside one-half the width allowed1 then turn again the same width1 enclosing first turn4 ,slip-stitch hem by hand or stitch by machine4 ,the lining hem overlaps the drapery hem approximately #a4 ,allowance is made for a #b hem with for seam4 ,the lining hem hangs free of the curtain and is held in position with french tacks spaced about #ab apart4 ,to french tack1 take #c or #d stitches first at top of drapery hem1 then lining hem1 then drapery hem1 etc41 leaving a or length between4 ,blanket stitch over the full length of these strands of thread4 ,fasten thread at end of tack4 ,draperies should be anchored at top of return and lower side hems4 ,use a sew-on or pin-on weight at bottom of center hems4 7,see illustration at top of page #bb47 ,illustration3 ,cut out end of top hem to eliminate bulk4 ,,lining ,,turned ,,back ,illustration3 ,lining slip-stitched to top hem4 ,,lining ,illustration3 ,making a ,french tack4 ,,lining ,illustration3 #8,sew-on' or #8pin-on' weights4 ,illustration3 ,lined drapery with pleater tape heading4 ,illustration3 ,side hems tacked to insure evenness4 ,when using a tape with woven-in pockets for pleater pins1 allow #b above the rod for heading and seam4 ,see instructions under the section ,unlined ,draperies for joining tape to heading4 ,join lining2 then clip and press seams4 ,turn drapery to right side and pin lining to bottom of tape1 overlapping 4 ,stitch and press2 then finish side hems above lining by hand4 ,it is a good idea to tack the side hems along stitching line4 ,this prevents them from slipping and hems always appear sharper4 ,using matching thread and working from the underside1 insert needle through the seam down through to the right side1 picking up a thread or two of the fabric4 ,then bring needle back up through the seam4 ,insert needle at the same point and direct needle along the seam between the hem a distance of #a4 ,bring needle up through seam2 then direct needle down through seam at same point1 picking up two or three threads1 and then up through seam again4 ,continue this tacking the length of the hem4 ,drapery lined to top ,there are times that draperies are lined to the top instead of using a hem1 particularly when a valance or cornice board is used4 ,to the length measurement1 add #a at the top for heading and seam4 ,cut lining in proportion4 ,stitch lining and drapery lengths together1 bringing edges even at the top4 ,clip seam and press open4 ,cut stiffening the length of drapery width4 ,pin and stitch stiffening across the top1 taking seam4 ,turn drapery right side out1 enclosing heading4 ,press top and side hems4 ,finish hems at the bottom the same as for lined draperies4 ,illustration3 ,joining stiffening to lining and drapery at top4 ,illustration3 ,drapery turned to right side4 ,interlined ,draperies ,draperies are often interlined1 particularly in very formal rooms1 or when the character of the material is such that the extra weight is necessary for its protection4 ,interlining also adds to the draping quality and elegance of the fabric4 ,for an interlining fabric1 use good quality cotton flannel4 ,cut interlining the exact measurements of draperies when finished2 that is1 if draperies have #a hems on each side and #c hems1 top and bottom1 then cut interlining #c narrower and #f shorter than drapery fabric4 ,spread material right side down4 ,illustration3 ,tack interlining to drapery at center and between center and side hems4 #c ,,tack ,,down ,,through ,,center ,,interlining ,,folded ,,lengthwise ,,for ,,tacking #a ,illustration3 ,turn and baste hems--side1 top1 and bottom4 ,,underside ,,of ,,material ,,interlining ,fold interlining through lengthwise center4 ,place fold on exact center of drapery fabric and tack together loosely4 ,take a stitch in the drapery2 bring needle up through fold of interlining and leave a loop4 ,space about #f2 take a stitch in drapery1 then interlining1 then drapery1 etc4 ,do not pull thread taut4 ,when row is finished1 fold interlining halfway between center and edge on both sides and tack in the same manner1 making three rows of vertical tacking4 ,illustration3 ,catch-stitch hems to interlining4 ,turn side hems back over interlining4 ,pin and baste4 ,then turn top and bottom hems4 ,pin and baste4 ,miter hems at corners4 ,all hems may be catch-stitched to the interlining1 and the lining slip-stitched to top and side hems4 ,linings may also be joined by machine4 ,turn hem and baste2 then pin lining to drapery and stitch1 taking seam4 ,press seam as stitched4 ,then clip and press seam open the same as for all lined curtains and draperies4 ,illustration3 ,turn sides and top of lining under 4 ,pin in place1 slip-stitch4 ,when lining is joined to drapery by machine1 tack interlining and lining together along seam4 ,take stitch in seam1 then in interlining4 ,space stitching #c or #d apart4 ,do not draw thread taut4 ,turn top and bottom hems and catch-stitch4 ,pin lining to hem across the top and slip-stitch4 ,turn hem in lining and stitch4 ,allowance should be made for a #b hem1 overlapping the hem in drapery approximately #a4 ,use french tacks between lining hem and drapery to hold lining in place4 ,use either #8sew-on' or #8pin-on' weight at bottom of side hems4 ,illustration3 ,when lining is machine stitched to drapery1 tack seam to interlining4 ,illustration3 ,french tacks hold drapery and lining together4 ,measuring for ,pleats ,illustration3 uncaptioned ,the use of pleats is one of the most effective ways of controlling the fullness of a drapery that is made to hang in balanced1 graceful folds4 ,the types most generally used are the pinch pleat1 the ,french pleat1 the box pleat and the cartridge pleat4 ,pleats should be made in groups of uneven numbers1 #e-g-i1 or as many as are required to take up the amount allowed for fullness4 ,for very sheer fabrics1 the allowance for fullness should be #c times the width of the window or space to be covered4 ,to figure the spacings and amount to be taken up in pleats1 take the measurement of the space to be covered plus the return2 that is1 the distance from turn of rod to the wall or the bracket supporting the rod on either end1 plus the overlap at the center when curtains are drawn together4 ,the width allowed for draperies minus these three measurements is to be taken up in pleats4 ,the fullness of each type of pleat and space between depends on the weight of the material and amount allowed for fullness of the curtain4 ,for ,example3 ,if one half of the width to be covered is #di then one section of the drapery would be about #add wide after finishing side hems4 ,to width of window area 7#di71 add #c for return and #a for center overlap4 ,this totals #ec4 #add minus #ec equals #ia for pleats4 ,allowing #g for each pleat1 #ac pleats will be required to take up the fullness4 ,please ,note--#c for return is used as an example4 ,the return can be #d or #e1 depending on type of rod or bracket4 ,always measure the return4 ,steps to ,pleats ,always measure and mark the exact position and width for all pleats and spacings before stitching4 ,measure the width of the return from outer edge4 ,then measure for the first pleat at the curve of the rod4 ,place second pleat on opposite side #b from center edge4 ,the third pleat is placed at the exact center between the first and second pleat4 ,the remaining number of pleats required is evenly spaced between the #ast and #crd and between the #bnd and #crd pleats4 ,to form pleats1 bring markings for pleats together4 ,pin2 then stitch from top to below the heading1 reversing the stitch at either end4 ,illustration3 #a4 ,bring the markings together for pleat and pin4 #b4 ,stitch from top to about below heading1 reversing stitch at each end4 ,these steps are the same for all types of pleats4 ,illustration3 ,pinch ,pleat--,divide the large pleat evenly into three smaller pleats2 press in firmly and stitch across the three folds at lower edge of heading4 ,the ,pinch pleat is a favorite finish for most types of draperies and is particularly good when draperies are made of a heavier fabric4 ,illustration3 ,french ,pleat--,at lower edge of heading1 divide large pleat into three smaller pleats and run needle and thread through three pleats several times1 drawing thread tight4 ,then fasten thread securely underneath4 ,illustration3 ,box ,pleat--,the large pleat is spread an equal distance on each side of stitching and pressed flat4 ,box pleats should be about #b wide1 taking up #d fullness4 ,when figuring these pleats1 try for uniformity2 that is1 the space between each pleat 7from fold to fold7 should be the same as the width of pleat4 ,box pleats should be about #b wide1 taking up #d fullness4 ,illustration3 ,cartridge ,pleat--,this is a round pleat left loose and filled with cotton1 ,kapok or a roll of stiff paper4 ,the pleats take up #b to #b and are spaced from #b to #c apart for draw type draperies4 ,illustration3 #a4 ,type of pins used if curtain is hung from traverse rod4 ,illustration3 #b4 ,type of pins used if curtain is hung from rod with rings or from traverse rod mounted against ceiling4 ,doors or ,windows ,opening ,out ,illustration3 uncaptioned ,box ,pleats1 extending above the heading to form a loop1 make an interesting treatment for unlined curtains draping a ,french window or door that opens out4 ,draperies hang from a rod drawn through the loops4 ,fabrics1 such as ,fortisan blends1 antique satin1 taffetas and sheer linens are suitable for these curtains4 ,measure from top of rod to floor for length4 ,add #i at top for seam1 loops1 and facing and #f for a #c double bottom hem4 ,allow #c times the width of space to be covered for fullness4 ,example3 ,if space to be covered is #eb1 #c lengths of #dh fabric are required4 ,cut one length through center and join each half width to each one of the full widths4 ,each section measures approximately #gj4 #gj minus #d for #a double hems and #c for return equals #fc4 #g pleats #e #ce4 #fc minus #ce #bh for space to be covered and center overlap4 ,illustration3 #a4 ,measuring for pleats1 spacings and loops4 ,pleats may be wider or as narrow as desired4 ,spacings may vary1 depending on weight of material4 ,always consider the pleat overlap4 ,illustration3 #b4 ,turn top to right side #i4 ,use a stiffening or stay of lawn or organdy for most light and medium weight materials4 ,arrows indicate stitching lines4 ,illustration3 #c4 ,material is cut out between loops4 ,seams are slashed diagonally at corners to line of stitching4 ,press4 ,if stiffening is not used as shown in sketches #a and #b1 stitch #d strip of crinoline to hem as shown above4 ,this lends support to pleats4 ,illustration3 #d4 ,turn loops right side out and hem to underside4 ,press4 ,pin in pleat1 stitch same as for ,box pleat4 ,spread pleat1 press4 ,illustration3 #e4 ,fasten loops to back of pleat by hand4 ,anchor curtains at side1 top and bottom as shown page #ae4 ,illustration3 ,pattern for tie-back pinned to material4 ,illustration3 ,tie-back stitched--,seam blended ready for turning4 ,tie-,backs ,fabric tie-backs for draperies are usually tailored1 straight or shaped bands which match or harmonize with the drapery in color and design4 ,the fullness of the drapery determines the length of the tie-back4 ,to estimate length1 loop a strip of material around the drapery1 drawing it back to side of window for the best effect4 ,lengths may vary from #ah to #bd and can be #b or more in width4 ,they are usually lined or faced and interlined4 ,use a stiffening of heavy muslin or crinoline in a shaped band4 ,for shaped band1 cut a paper pattern about #c or #d wide in the center1 tapering to #b or #b at the end as illustrated4 ,cut fabric1 lining and stiffening the same as pattern1 allowing for a seam on all edges4 ,pin stiffening to underside of band1 and lining to right side of material--right sides together4 ,stitch1 leaving an opening of #c or #d for turning4 ,trim stiffening to stitching line and blend edge of lining4 ,press4 ,turn band right side out and press4 ,slip-stitch lining to band at opening4 ,sew small bone rings or very narrow fabric loops at ends of band4 ,these loop over a hook fastened to side of window4 ,anchoring ,draperies ,illustration3 uncaptioned ,outside edges of draperies should hang against the wall in a straight taut line4 ,sew a plastic ring to the bottom hem4 ,place a cup hook in the wall or the baseboard in line with the hem4 ,meet the sewing machine with tomorrow written all over it4 ,illustration3 uncaptioned ,does all #c kinds of sewing--straight1 zig-zag and chainstitch4 ,hundreds of zig-zag patterns built-in--just touch a button and sew4 ,spinning reel thread system--for smooth1 even thread flow4 ,new speed switch--set your own sewing speed1 fast or slow4 ,new built-in needle threader--ends that last little sewing worry4 ,push-,button ,bobbin--winds right in the machine4 ,exclusive ,slant ,needle--see better1 sew smoother4 ,new #d-position throat plate lever--an extra for delicate fabrics4 ,new buttonholer device--makes #g kinds of buttonholes easily4 ,new ,golden ,touch ,sew#a sewing machine by ,singer4 ,be the girl with the golden touch on this newest and most fabulous of our growing family of ,touch ,sew sewing machines with the ,push-,button ,bobbin4 ,one of five new models starting at #adi4ie4 ,illustration3 ,,singer ,see ,,singer ,,company in phone book for ,shop nearest you4 ,,singer ,,sewing ,,library ,you're sure to want a complete set ,illustration3 ,,singer ,sewing ,library ,here are the newest1 most informative1 8how to0 sewing books available today6 ,together they make up a complete dressmaking--home decorations library4 ,fully illustrated1 each one covers its subject step-by-step1 answering all your questions--in as few words as possible--almost before you ask them4 ,choose your needs from the selection of books listed below4 #aja--;,,how ,,to ,,make ,,curtains #ajb--;,,how ,,to ,,make ,,draperies #ajc--;,,how ,,to ,,make ,,valances #ajd--;,,how ,,to ,,make ,,bedspreads #aje--;,,how ,,to ,,lay ,,out ,a ,,pattern ,,and ,,cut #ajf--;,,how ,,to ,,measure1 ,,alter ,,and ,,fit #ajg--;,,how ,,to ,,make ,,seams ,,and ,,finishes #ajh--;,,how ,,to ,,make ,,sleeves #aji--;,,how ,,to ,,make ,,buttonholes ,,and ,,pockets #aaj--;,,how ,,to ,,make ,,collars1 ,,finish ,,necklines #aaa--;,,how ,,to ,,make ,,zipper ,,closures #aab--;,,how ,,to ,,make ,,belts ,,and ,,hems #aac--;,,how ,,to ,,make ,,slip ,,covers #aad--;,,how ,,to ,,make ,,cafe ,,curtains #aae--,,things ,,for ,,little ,,girls ,,to ,,sew #aaf--;,,creating ,,charm ,,when ,,sewing ,,for ,,girls #aag--;,,how ,,to ,,reinforce1 ,,repair ,,and ,,refit #aah--;,,how ,,to ,,do ,,dressmaker ,,tailoring #aai--;,,how ,,to ,,make ,,aprons #abj--;,,how ,,to ,,make ,,cushions1 ,,pillows1 ,,and ,,bolsters #aba--;,,how ,,to ,,sew ,,for ,,babies ,singer ,sewing library ,books are available at ,singer ,centers1 variety1 chain and department stores 444 where you will also find the ,,singer ,,sewing ,,shelf--for sewing machine parts and supplies4 #a;,a ,trademark of ,,the ,,singer ,,company ,cover ,photograph reprinted from the ,,bride',s ,,magazine ,copyright #aieg1 ,the ,cond ,nast ,publications1 ,inc4 ,printed in the ,united ,states of ,america ,book ,no4 #ajb ,transcriber's ,notes --,silently corrected a few typos4 --,retained publication information from the printed edition3 this e,book is public-domain in the country of publication4 --,in the text versions only1 text in italics is delimited by underscores4