,,! ,,dabi/,n1 ,,or ,,s*ool ,,( ,,mann]s4 ,,madame ,,veuve ,,dondey-,,dupr1 ,pr9t] to ! ,asiatic ,societies ( ,london1 ,p>is1 & ,calcutta1 #df1 rue ,/-,l\is1 ,p>is4 ,,! ,,dabi/,n1 ,,or ,,s*ool ,,( ,,mann]s1 ,,translat$ ,,f ,,! ,,orig9al ,,p]sian1 ,,) ,,notes ,,& ,,illu/rations1 ,,by ,,david ,,%ea1 ,,( ,,! ,,ori5tal ,,dep>tm5t ,,9 ,,! ,,honorable ,,ea/ ,,india ,,company',s ,,college2 ,,& ,,an?ony ,,troy]1 ,,memb] ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,asiatic ,,societies ,,( ,,great ,,brita9 ,,& ,,irel&1 ,,( ,,calcutta ,,& ,,p>is1 ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,e?nological ,,society ,,( ,,p>is2 ,,edit$1 ,,) ,a ,,prelim9>y ,,disc\rse1 ,,by ,,! ,,latt]4 ,,volume ,i4 ,,p>is3 ,,pr9t$ ,,= ,,! ,,ori5tal ,,translation ,,fund ,,( ,,great ,,brita9 ,,& ,,irel&4 ,,sold ,,by ,,b5jam9 ,,duprat1 ,,booksell] ,,to ,,! ,,biblio?,,que ,,royale1 #g1 ,,rue ,,du ,,cloitre ,,sa9t-,,b5oit4 ,,& ,,all5 ,,& ,,co41 ,,lead5hald-,,/reet1 ,,london4 #ahdc4 ,,to ,! ,memory ,,( ,,! ,,"r ,,honorable ,,! ,,e>l ,,( ,,mun/]1 ,etc41 etc41 etc4 ,,cont5ts ,( ! ,prelim9>y ,disc\rse4 ,page ,,"p ,i4 ,introduction4 ,section ,i4,h[ ! ,dabi/n fir/ became kn[nits au?or! s\rces ( 8 in=mation iii ,,ii4,discussion on ! ,destir xix ,,"p ,,ii4 ,synopsis ( ! dyna/ies1 religions1 sects1 & philosophic op9ions treat$ ( 9 ! ,dabi/n4 ,section ,i4,! fir/ religion! dyna/ies ( ,mahabad1 ,abad ,az>1 ,%ai ,abad1 ,%ai ,giliv1 ,%ai ,mahbad1 & ,yasan lxvi ,,ii4,! ,pe%dadian1 ,kayanian1 ,a%kanian1 & ,sassanian dyna/ies_! religi\s & political in/itutions lxxvii ,,iii4,! religion ( ,z>du%t1 or ,zoroa/] lxxxiii ,,iv4,! religion ( ! ,h9dus cv ,v4,retrospect ( ! ,p]sian & ,indian religions cxx ,,vi4,! religion ( ! ,tabitian 7,tibetans7 cxxv ,,vii4,! religion ( ! ,jews ibid4 ,,viii4,! religion ( ! ,*ri/ians cxxvi ,,ix4,! religion ( ! ,muselmans cxxviii ,x4,! religion ( ! ,sadakiahs cxli ,,xi4,! religion ( ! ,ro%5ians cxlv ,,xii4,! religion ( ! ,ilahiahs cxlvii ,,xiii4,! religion ( ! ,philosoph]s cliii ,,xiv4,! religion ( ! ,sfis clxix ,,xv4,recapitulation ( ! ,cont5ts ( ! ,dabi/n ibid4 ,,"p ,,iii4 ,conclusion4 ,section ,i4,g5]al appreciation ( ! ,dabi/n & its au?or clxxix ,,ii4,notice conc]n+ ! pr9t$ edition1 "s manuscripts1 & ! translations ( ! ,dabi/n clxxxviii ,,cont5ts ,( ! ,dabi/n 7vol4 ,i47 ,page ,introduction ( ! ,au?or #a ,,*apt] ,i4 ,( ! religion ( ! ,p>sian #d ,section ,i4,t5ets & c]emonies obs]v$ by ! ,sipasian & ,p>sian #e ,description ( ! wor%ip r5d]$ to ! sev5 planets1 accord+ to ! ,sipasian fai? #ce ,,ii4,description ( ! ,sipasian sect #hg ,,iii4,! laws ( ! ,paiman-i-,f>hang & ! ,hirb$ ,sr #adg ,descriptions ( ! gradations ( ,p>adise #aej ,description ( ! inf]nal regions #aeb ,,iv4,an acc\nt ( ! ,jam%apian sect #aic ,v4,! ,samradian sect #aie ,,vi4,! t5ets ( ! ,khodaiyan #bja ,,vii4,! sy/em ( ! ,rdin ibid4 ,,viii4,! ,%idrangin cre$ #bjc ,,ix4,! ,pikrian cre$ ibid4 ,x4,! ,milnin sy/em #bjd ,,xi4,! sy/em ( ! foll[]s ( ,alr #bjf ,,xii4,! ,%idanian fai? #bjg ,,xiii4,! sy/em ( ! ,akh%iyn sect ibid4 ,,xiv4,! foll[]s ( ,z>du%t #baa ,acc\nt ( ! precepts giv5 by ,z>du%t to ! k+ & all mank9d #bfj ,! ,sad-d]1 or 8! hundr$ gates0 ( ,z>du%t #caj ,enum]ation ( "s advantages :i* arise f ! enigmatical =ms ( ! precepts ( ,z>du%t's foll[]s #cea ,summ>y ( ! cont5ts ( ! ,mah-z5d #cec ,,xv4,an acc\nt ( ! t5ets held by ! foll[]s ( ,mazdak #cgb ,,prelim9>y ,,disc\rse4 ,,"p ,i4 ,,introduction4 ,i4,,h[ ,,! ,,dabi/an ,,fir/ ,,became ,,kn[n,,its ,,au?or,,! ,,s\rces ,,( ,,8 ,,in=mation4 ,x is g5]ally kn[n t sir ,william ,jones 0 ! fir/ :o drew ! att5tion ( ,ori5tali/s to ! ,dabi/n4 ,?is happ5$ five ye>s aft] ! beg9n+ ( a new era 9 ,ori5tal lit]ature1 ! f\ndation ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,calcutta by t illu/ri\s man4 ,x may n appe> inopportune "h to revive ! grateful remembrance ( "o :o acquir$ ! unconte/$ m]it ( n only excit+ 9 ,asia & ,europe a new ardor = ,ori5tal /udies1 b also ( direct+ !m to _! great objects,,man & ,,nature2 & ( endeavor+1 by ^w & de$1 to r5d] ! atta9m5t ( languages conducive to ! requir$ k equally easy & attractive4 ,hav+1 v e>ly 9 life1 ga9$ an ,european reputation z a s*ol> & elegant writ]1 sir ,william ,jones emb>k$#a = ! ,indian %ores ) va/ projects1 embrac+1 ) ! ext5sion ( sci5ce1 ! g5]al improvem5t ( mank9d4#b ,f\r mon?s aft] 8 arrival 9 ,calcutta1#c he address$ z ! fir/ presid5t ( ! ,asiatic ,society1 a small b select assembly1 9 :i* he f\nd m9ds responsive to 8 own noble s5tim5ts4 ,a rapid sket* ( ! fir/ labors ( _! incomp>able lead]1 may n be irrelevant to our imm$iate subject4 ,9 8 second anniv]s>y disc\rse1#d he propos$ a g5]al plan = inve/igat+ ,asiatic le>n+1 hi/ory1 & in/itutions4 ,9 8 ?ird disc\rse1 he trac$ ! l9e ( inve/igation1 :i* he fai?fully foll[$1 z long z he liv$ 9 ,india1 9 8 annual public spee*es3 he det]m9$ to exhibit ! prom95t features ( ! five pr9cipal nations ( ,asia! ,indians1 ,arabs1 ,t>t>s1 ,p]sians1 & ,*9ese4 ,aft] hav+ treat$ 9 ! two foll[+ ye>s ( ! ,arabs & ,t>t>s1 he consid]$ 9 8 six? disc\rse#e ! ,p]sians1 & decl>$ t he _h be5 induc$ by 8 e>lie/ inve/igations to believe1 & by 8 late/ to conclude1 t ?ree primitive races ( m5 mu/ h migrat$ orig9ally f a c5tral c\ntry1 & t ?is c\ntry 0 ,iran1 commonly call$ ,p]sia4 ,exam9+ ) p>ticul> c>e ! traces ( ! mo/ anci5t languages & religions :i* _h prevail$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 he rejoic$ at 8a =tunate discov]y1 = :i*10 he said1 8he 0 fir/ indebt$ to ,mir ,muhamm$ ,hussa91 "o ( ! mo/ intellig5t ,muselmans 9 ,india1 & :i* has at once dissipat$ ! cl\d1 & ca/ a gleam ( light on ! primeval hi/ory ( ,iran & ( ! human race1 ( :i* he _h long despair$1 & :i* c\ld h>dly h dawn$ f any o!r qu>t]20 ?is 01 he decl>$1 8! r>e & int]e/+ tract on twelve diff]5t religions1 entitl$ ! ,,dabi/an40#f ,sir ,william ,jones read ! ,dabi/n = ! fir/ "t 9 #aghg4 ,i _c refra9 f subjo9+ "h ! op9ion ^u ?is "w1 :i* he communicat$ 9 a private lett]1 dat$ ,june1 #aghg1 to ,j4 ,%ore1 esq4 7aft]w>ds "l ,teignm\?72 he says3 8,! greate/ "p ( x w\ld be v int]e/+ to a curi\s read]1 b "s ( x _c be translat$4 ,x conta9s m recondite le>n+1 m ent]ta9+ hi/ory1 m beautiful specim5s ( poetry1 m +5uity & wit1 m indec5cy & blasphemy1 ?an ,i ev] saw collect$ 9 a s+le volume2#g ! two la/ are n ( ! au?or's1 b are introduc$ 9 ! *apt]s on ! h]etics & infidels ( ,india4#h ,on ! :ole1 x is ! mo/ amus+ & in/ructive book ,i ev] read 9 ,p]sian40#i ,we may suppose x 0 ^u ! recomm5dation ( sir ,william ,jones1 t ,francis ,gladw91 "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ memb]s ( ! new ,society1 translat$ ! fir/ *apt] ( ,! ,dabi/n1 or 8,s*ool ( ,mann]s10 :i* title has be5 pres]v$ f due reg>d to ! m]itori\s ,ori5tali/1 :o fir/ publi%$ ! translation ( a "p ( ?is "w4 ,! :ole ( x 0 pr9t$ 9 ! ye> #ahji1 9 ,calcutta1 & translations ( "s p>ts ( x 7 publi%$ 9 ,! ,asiatic ,rese>*es4#aj ,x is only at pres5t1 m ?an half a c5tury aft] ! fir/ public notice ( x by sir ,w4 ,jones1 t ! v]sion ( ! :ole "w appe>s1 "u ! auspices & at ! exp5se ( ! ,ori5tal ,translation ,committee ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&4 ,:o 0 ! au?or ( ! ,dabi/n8,sir ,william ,jones ?\ght x 0 compos$ by a ,muhamm$an travell]1 a native ( ,ka*mir1 nam$ ,mohsan1 b di/+ui%$ by ! assum$ surname ( ,fn1 8! ,p]i%able40 ,gladw9#aa calls him ,%aikh ,muhamm$ ,mohs91 & says t1 besides ! ,dabi/n1 he has left beh9d him a collection ( poems1 among :i* !re is a moral essay1 entitl$ ,masdur ul asas1 8! s\rce ( signs20 he 0 ( ! philosophic sect ( ,sfis1 & patronis$ by ! imp]ial pr9ce ,d>a ,%ikoh1 :om he surviv$2 among 8 disciples 9 philosophy is reckon$ ,muhamm$ ,tahir1 surnam$ ,ghawri1 ^: poems are mu* admir$ 9 ,h9do/an4 ,mohsan's dea? is plac$ 9 ! ye> ( ! ,hejira #ajha 7,a4 ,d4 #afgj74 ,william ,ersk9e1#ab 9 se>* ( ! true au?or ( ! ,dabi/n1 discov]$ no o!r acc\nt ( ,mohsan ,fn ?an t conta9$ 9 ! ,gul-i-,rana1 8*>m+ rose10 ( ,la*mi ,n>ayn1 :o fl\ri%$ 9 ,hyd]abad ab\t ! end ( ! #ah? or ! beg9n+ ( ! #ai? c5tury4 ,?is au?or in=ms u1 "u ! article ( ,mohsan ,fn1 t 8,mohsn1 a native ( ,ka*mir1 0 a le>n$ man & a respectable poet2 a s*ol> ( ,mulla ,yakub1 ,sfi ( ,ka*mir2 & t1 aft] complet+ 8 /udies1 he repair$ to ,delhi1 to ! c\rt ( ! emp]or ,%ah ,jehan1 by :om1 9 consequ5ce ( 8 great reputation & high acquirem5ts1 he 0 appo9t$ ,sadd]1 #8*ief judge1' ( ,allahabad2 t !re he became a disciple ( ,%aikh ,mohib ulla1 an em95t doctor ( t city1 :o wrote ! treatise entitl$ ,teswi*1 #8! gold5 ,mean4' ,mohsan ,fn enjoy$ ?is honorable (fice till ,%ah ,jehn subdu$ ,balkh2 at :i* "t ,naz] ,muhamm$ ,khan1 ! ,wali1 #8pr9ce1' ( ,balkh1 hav+ effect$ 8 escape1 all 8 prop]ty 0 plund]$4 ,x happ5$ t 9 8 libr>y !re 0 f\nd a copy ( ,mohsan's ,diwn1 or #8poetical ,collection1' :i* conta9$ an ode 9 praise ( ! 7fugitive7 ,wli4 ,?is gave su* (f5ce to ! emp]or1 t ! ,sadd] 0 disgrac$ & lo/ 8 (fice1 b 0 g5]\sly all[$ a p5sion4 ,he retir$ 7z ,la*mi in=ms u7 to 8 native c\ntry1 :]e he pass$ ! re/ ( 8 days )\t any public employm5t1 happy & respect$4 ,8 h\se 0 frequ5t$ by ! mo/ di/+ui%$ m5 ( ,ka*mir1 & among ! re/ by ! gov]nors ( ! prov9ce4 ,he _h lectures at 8 h\se1 be+ accu/om$ to read to 8 audi5ce ! writ+s ( c]ta9 au?ors ( em95ce1 on :i* he deliv]$ moral & philosophical comm5ts4 ,sev]al s*ol>s ( note1 among :om 7 ,tah] ,ghawri 7be=e m5tion$7 & ,haji ,aslem ,salem1 issu$ f 8 s*ool40 ,he di$ on ! be=e m5tion$ date4 8,x is to be obs]v$ t ,la*mi does n m5tion ! ,dabi/n z a production ( ,mohsan ,fn1 ?\gh1 _h he writt5 x1 x mu/ h be5 8 mo/ rem>kable "w40 ,ersk9e goes on to recapitulate "s p>ticul>s m5tion$ 9 ! ,dabi/n ( ! au?or's life1 & concludes t x seems v improbable t ,mohsan ,fn & ! au?or ( ! ,dabi/n 7 ! same p]son4 ,9 ?is conclusion1 & ^u ! same gr\nds1 he co9cides ) ! le>n$ ,vans ,k5n$y4#ac ,ersk9e fur!r quotes1#ad f a manuscript copy ( ! ,dabi/n :i* he saw 9 ! possession ( ,mulla ,firuz1 9 ,bombay1 ! foll[+ m>g9al note annex$ to ! close ( *apt] ,,xiv43 8,9 ! city ( ,daurse1 a k+ ( ! ,p>sis1 ( ! race ( ! imp]ial ,anu%irvn1 ! ,%et ,daw] ,huryr1 conv]s$ ) ,amr ,zulfik> ,ali-al-,husa9i 7on :om be ! grace ( ,god671 ^: poetical "n 0 ,mob$ ,%ah40 ,?is ,zulfik> ,ali1 :oev] he 01 ! ,mulla supposes to be ! au?or ( ! ,dabi/n4 ,ersk9e judici\sly subjo9s3 8,on s slight an au?ority1 ,i w\ld n will+ly set up an unkn[n au?or z ! compil] ( t "w2 b x is to be rem>k$ t _m v]ses ( ,mob$'s are quot$ 9 ! ,dabi/n1 & !re is c]ta9ly reason to suspect t ! poetical ,mob$1 :oev] he may be1 0 ! au?or ( t compilation40 8,to ?is let x be add$1 t ! au?or ( ! ,dabi/n2 9 8 acc\nt ( ,mob$ ,s]o%1 says#ae t "o ,muhamm$ ,mohsan1 a man ( le>n+1 told him t he _h he>d ,mob$ ,s]o% give ?ree hundr$ & sixty pro(s ( ! exi/5ce ( ,god4 ,?is at lea/ makes ,muhamm$ ,mohsan1 :oev] he may be1 a diff]5t p]son f ! au?or ( ! ,dabi/n40 ,i _c omit add+ ! foll[+ notice annex$ to ! note quot$ above3 8,betwe5 ! pr9t$ copy & ,mulla ,firuz's manuscript be=e allud$ to1 a diff]5ce occurs 9 ! v beg9n+ ( ! "w4 ,aft] ! poetical address to ! ,deity & ! praise ( ! prophet1 ) :i* ! ,dabi/n1 l mo/ o!r ,muselman works1 comm5ces1 ! manuscript reads3 #8,mohsan ,fani says1' & two moral c\plets succe$4 ,9 ! pr9t$ copy1 ! words #8,mohsan ,fani says1':i* %\ld occur betwe5 ! la/ ^w ( ! fir/ page & ! fir/ ^w ( ! secondare omitt$4 ,z no acc\nt ( ! au?or is giv5 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! book1 z is usual ) ,muselman writ]s1 ,mulla ,firuz conjectures t a c>eless or ignorant read] may h consid]$ ! words #8,mohsan ,fni says' z =m+ ! comm5cem5t ( ! volume1 & z conta9+ ! "n ( ! au?or ( ! :ole book2 :]eas !y m]ely indicate ! au?or ( ! c\plets t foll[1 & w\ld r %[ t ,mohsan ,fani 0 n ! writ] ( ! ,dabi/n4 ,?is conjecture1 ,i confess1 appe>s to me at once extremely +5i\s & v probable4 ,a comp>ison ( diff]5t manuscripts might ?r[ m light on ! "q40 ,conc]n+ ! op9ion la/ /at$1 ,i c b rem>k1 t 9 a manuscript copy ( ! ,dabi/n1 :i* ,i procur$ f ! libr>y ( ! k+ ( ,oude1 & caus$ to be transcrib$ = me1 ! v same words3 8,mohsan ,fani says10 occur 7z ,i h obs]v$ 9 vol4 ,i4 p4 #f1 note #c71 prec$+ a raba1 or quatra91 :i* beg9s3 8,! _w is a book full ( k & ( ju/ice10 etc4 etc4 ,^! l9es seem well *os5 z an introduction to ! text itself1 :i* beg9s by a summ>y ( ! :ole "w1 exhibit+ ! titles ( ! twelve *apt]s ( :i* x is compos$4 ,z ! two copies m5tion$ 7! "o f\nd 9 ,bombay1 ! o!r 9 ,luckn[7 conta9 ! same words1 !y c h>dly be tak5 = an accid5tal addition ( a copyi/4 ,i f\nd no rem>k ^u ?is po9t 9 ,mr4 ,%ea's translation1 :o _h two manuscript copies to ref] to4 ,:atev] x be1 x mu/ /ill rema9 undecid$1 :e!r ,mohsan ,fani 0 !re nam$ only z ! au?or ( ! next quatra9 or ( ! :ole book1 al?\gh ei!r hypo!sis may n appe> de/itute ( probability2 nor c x be consid]$ /range to admit t ! "n ( ,mohsan ,fani 0 borne by m ?an "o individual4 ,i %all be p]mitt$ to cont9ue call+ ! au?or ( ! ,dabi/n by ! presum$ "n ( ,mohsan ,fani4 ,dropp+ ?is po9t1 we %all n[ se>* = in=mation ^u 8 p]son1 "*1 & k 9 ! "w itself4 ,is he really a native ( ,ka*mir1 z "h be=e /at$8 ,al?\gh 9 ! c\rse ( 8 book he makes frequ5t m5tion ( ,ka*mir1 he nev] owns himself a native ( t c\ntry4 ,9 "o "p ( 8 n>rative1 he expressly alludes to ano!r home4 ,he beg9s ! second *apt] ^u ! religion ( ! ,h9dus 7vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #b7 by ^! words3 8,z incon/ant =tune _h torn away ! au?or f ! %ores ( ,p]sia1 & made him ! associate ( ! believ]s 9 transmigration & ^? :o address$ _! pray]s to idols & images1 & wor%ipp$ demons 99 99 99 9940 ,n[ we "k t ,ka*mir is consid]$ z a v anci5t seat1 nay z ! v cradle1 ( ! doctr9e ( transmigration1 & ( ,h9duism 9 g5]al1 ) all its t5ets1 rites1 & cu/oms2 & t f ! remote/ times to ! pres5t x 0 inhabit$ by num]\s adh]5ts ( ?is fai?2 h[ c\ld ! au?or1 if a native ( ,ka*mir1 accuse incon/ant =tune = hav+ made him else:]e an associate ( ^! v religioni/s ) :om1 f 8 bir?1 he mu/ h be5 accu/om$ to live8 ,! passage j quot$ leaves sc>ce a d\bt t ! %ores ( ,p]sia1 f :i* he bewails hav+ be5 torn1 7 really 8 native c\ntry4 ,:5 0 he born8 ,he no :]e adduces ! date ( 8 bir?2 ! e>lie/ p]iod ( 8 life :i* he m5tions1 is ! ye> ( ! ,hejira #ajbh 7,a4 ,d4 #afah73af 9 ?is ye> ! ,mob$ ,hu%ar br\ght ! au?or to ,balik ,n?a1 a great adept 9 ! ,yoga1 or ascetic devotion1 to receive ! bless+ ( t holy man1 :o pron\nc$ ^! words ov] him3 8,?is boy %all acquire ! k ( ,god40 ,x is n /at$ 9 :at place ?is happ5$4 ,! next e>lie/ date is five ye>s lat]1 #ajcc ( ! ,hejira 7,a4 ,d4 #afbc74ag ,he says t1 9 8 infancy1 he came ) 8 fri5ds & relations f ,patna to ! capital ,akb>-abad1 & 0 c>ri$ 9 ! arms ( ! ,mob$ ,hu%ar to ,*atur ,vapah1 a fam\s ascetic ( ^? days4 ,! pi\s man rejoic$ at x1 & be/[$ 8 bless+ on ! future writ] ( ! ,dabi/n2 he taught him ! mantra1 8pray]10 ( ! sun1 & appo9t$ "o ( 8 disciples to rema9 ) ! boy until ! age ( manhood4 ,we h "h a positive /atem5t3 9 ! ye> #afbc ,a4 ,d41 he 0 89 8 infancy10 & c>ri$ 89 ! arms ( 8 protector40 ,giv+ ! wide/ ext5sion to ^! expressions1 we c h>dly ?9k him to h be5 ei!r mu* old] or y\ng] ?an sev5 or eight ye>s3 n mu* old]1 = be+ 9 "s way c>ri$ 9 ! arms ( ! ,mob$2 nor mu* y\ng]1 hav+ be5 taught a hymn to ! sun1 & he might h be5 a boy ( ?ree ye>s :5 he receiv$ ! fir/-m5tion$ bless+ f ,balik ,na?a4 ,we may !re=e suppose him to h be5 born ab\t ! ye> #afae ( our era1 9 ! t5? ye> ( ! reign ( ! emp]or ,jehangir4 ,we collect 9 8 "w fifty-?ree dates relative to himself betwe5 ! ye> #afah & #afec4 ,f #afbg to #afdc1 we see him mo/ly 9 ,ka*mir & ,lahore1 travell+ betwe5 ^! two places2 9 #afdc1 he 0 at ! holy sepul*re1 probably at ,me%had1 :i* appe>s to be ! fur!rmo/ t[n to ! ,we/ :i* he rea*$2 f #afcd to #afdi1 he dwelt 9 sev]al t[ns ( ! ,panjab & ,guz]at2 ! next ye> he proce$$ to ,sikakul1 ! remote/ t[n 9 ! ,ea/ :i* he says he has visit$2 !re he fell sick1 & soj\rn$ dur+ #afec1 at :i* epo*1 if ! ye> ( 8 bir? be correctly inf]r$1 he _h atta9$ 8 ?irty-eigh? ye>4 ,we h no o!r date ( 8 dea? ?an t be=e /at$3 if he di$ 9 #afgj1 x 0 9 ! elev5? ye> ( ! reign ( ,aur5gzb1 or ,alemgir4 ,mohsan ,fani w\ld !re=e h pass$ 8 infancy1 y\?1 & manhood mo/ly 9 ,india1 "u ! reigns ( ! ?ree emp]ors1 ,jehangr1 ,%ah ,jehan1 & ,aur5gzeb4#ah ,x 0 ! /ate ( religion1 prevail+ 9 ^? days 9 ,h9do/an t he describes4 ,f 8 e>lie/ age he appe>s to h l$ an active life1 frequ5tly *ang+ 8 resid5ce4 ,su* a mode ( life belongs to a travell+ m]*ant or philosoph]1 & 9 our au?or bo? qualities might h be5 unit$1 z is (t5 ! case 9 ,asia4 ,mohsan ,fani1 dur+ 8 travels1 collect$ ! div]sifi$ & curi\s mat]ials = ! ,dabi/n2 he obs]v$ ) 8 own eyes ! mann]s & cu/oms ( diff]5t nations & sects4 ,he says himself at ! conclusion ( 8 "w3 8,aft] hav+ mu* frequ5t$ ! meet+s ( ! foll[]s ( ! five be=e-said religions10 ,magians1 ,h9dus1 ,jews1 ,naz>eans1 & ,muselmans1 8! au?or wi%$ & und]took to write ?is book2 & :atev] 9 ?is "w1 treat+ ( ! religions ( diff]5t c\ntries1 is /at$ conc]n+ ! cre$ ( diff]5t sects1 has be5 tak5 f _! books1 & = ! acc\nt ( ! p]sons belong+ to any p>ticul> sect1 ! au?or's in=mation 0 imp>t$ to him by _! adh]5ts & s9c]e fri5ds1 & record$ lit]ally1 s t no trace ( p>tiality nor av]sion might be p]ceiv$3 9 %ort1 ! writ] ( ^! pages p]=m$ no m ?an ! task ( a translator40 ,?is decl>ation1 ev5 to a sev]e critic1 may appe> satisfactory4 ,sir ,william ,jones call$ him#ai a le>n$ & accurate1 a c&id & +5i\s au?or4 ,a fur!r appreciation ( ,mohsan ,fani's "* is res]v$ = subsequ5t pages4 ,we c1 h[ev]1 "h /ate1 t he s\ght ! be/ means ( in=mation1 & gives u :at he _h acquir$ n only f p]sonal exp]i5ce1 :i* is always m or less conf9$2 n only f oral in/ruction1 :i* is too (t5 imp]fectly giv5 & receiv$2 b also f an att5tive p]usal ( ! be/ works :i* he c\ld procure ^u ! subject ( 8 inve/igation4 ,( ! latt] au?orities :i* ! au?or produces1 "s are kn[n 9 ,europe1 & we may judge ( ! degree ( accuracy & intellig5ce ) :i* he has made use ( !m4 ,( o!rs1 no?+ at all1 or m]ely ! "n1 is kn[n4 ,?is is g5]ally ! case ) works relative to ! old ,p]sian religion1 :i* is ! subject ( ! fir/ *apt]1 divid$ into fifte5 sections4 ,! au?orities :i* he adduces = ?is *apt] are z foll[3 #a4 ,! ,amighi/an 7vol4 ,i4 pp4 #ae4 #bf4 #db71 )\t ! "n ( its au?or4 #b4 ,! ,destir 7vol4 ,i4 pp4 #bj4 #ba4 #dd4 #fe71 an heav5-be/[$ book4 #c4 ,! ,d>ai ,sek&] 7vol4 ,i4 pp4 #cd4 #cfj71 compos$ by ,dwir ,hry>4 #d4 ,! ,akht]i/an1 8region ( ! />s0 7vol4 ,i4 pp4 #ce4 #db74 #e4 ,! ,ja%5 ,sadah1 8! fe/ival ( ,sadah0 7! #af? night ( ,janu>y7 7vol4 ,i4 pp4 #gb4 #aab74 #f4 ,! ,srud-i-ma/an1 8song ( ! intoxicat$0 7vol4 ,i4 p4 #gf4 vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #acf73 ?is & ! prec$+ "w compos$ by ,mob$ ,hu%ar4 #g4 ,! ,jam-i-,kai ,khusro1 8! cup ( ,kai ,khusro10 a comm5t>y ^u ! poems ( ,az> ,kaivan1 compos$ by ,mob$ ,khod ,jai 7vol4 ,i4 pp4 #gf4 #hd4 #aai47 #h4 ,! ,%>i/an-i-,dani% wa ,guli/an-i-b9i%1 8! pavilion ( k & rose-g>d5 ( vision0 7vol4 ,i4 p4 #gg4 #hi4 #aji71 compos$ by ,f>zanah ,bahram4 #i4 ,! ,z]du%t ,af%> 7vol4 ,i4 p4 #gg71 "w ( ! ,mob$ ,s]o%1 :o compos$ also3 #aj4 ,no% ,d>u1 8sweet m$ic9e0 7vol4 ,i4 p4 #aad72 & #aa4 ,! ,sagangub91 8dog's honey0 7vol4 ,i4 p4 #aad74 #ab4 ,! ,bazm-gah-i-durvi%an1 8! banquett+-room ( ! durvi%es0 7vol4 ,i4 pp4 #ajd4 #ajh71 )\t ! "n ( ! au?or4 #ac4 ,! ,arzhang ,mani1 8! gall]y ( ,mani0 7vol4 ,i4 p4 #aca74 #ad4 ,! ,tabrah-i-,mob$i1 8! sac]dotal kettle-drum0 7vol4 ,i4 p4 #abc71 by ,mob$ ,p>i/>4 #ae4 ,! ,dadi/an ,aursah 7vol4 ,i4 p4 #aca74 #af4 ,! ,amze%-i-f>hang 7vol4 ,i4 p4 #ade71 conta9+ ! in/itutes ( ! ,abadiah durvi%es4 #ag4 ,! ,mhn f>u% 7vol4 ,i4 p4 #bdd74 #ah4 ,! ,te/am5t ( ,jam%id to ,abt9 7vol4 ,i4 p4 #aie71 compil$ by ,f>hang ,do/r4 #ai4 ,razabad1 compos$ by ,%dab4 #bj4 ,! ,snyl1 a book ( ! ,sipasians 7vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #acf71 conta9+ an acc\nt ( a p>ticul> sort ( devotion4 #ba4 ,! ,rama za/an ( ,z>du%t 7vol4 ,i4 p4 #cfi & vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #acf74 #bb4 ,huz al ,hayat 7vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #acg71 compos$ by ,amb>et ,kant4 #bc4 ,! ,samrad ,nameh1 by ,kamk> 7vol4 ,i4 p4 #bja74 ,besides o!r writ+s ( ,z]tu%t1 9 great numb]1 :i* ! au?or has se54 ,^! works are mo/ probably ( a my/ical nature1 & belong to a p>ticul> sect1 b may conta91 h[ev]1 "s int]e/+ traditions or facts ( anci5t hi/ory4 ,( ! tw5ty-?ree books j enum]at$1 a "p ( ! ?ird only is kn[n to u1 namely1 t ( ! ,destir4 #a ,9 ,april1 #aghc4 #b ,he l&$ at ,calcutta 9 ,septemb]1 #aghc4 #c ,9 ,janu>y1 #aghd4 #d ,deliv]$ 9 ,febru>y1 #aghe4 #e ,9 ,febru>y1 #aghi4 #f ,! works ( sir ,william ,jones1 ) ! life ( ! au?or1 by "l ,teignm\?1 9 #ac vols4 ,vol4 ,,iii4 p4 #aaj4 #ahjg4 #g ,i %all h]eaft] give "s explanations ^u ?is subject4 #h ,!re appe>s 9 ! pr9t$ edition no positive gr\nd = ! op9ion above express$2 we f9d1 h[ev]1 frequ5t repetitions ( ! same subject1 su* z are n likely to belong to ! same au?or2 we "k1 besides1 t additions & int]polations are b too common 9 all ,ori5tal manuscripts4 #i ,! ,p]sian text1 ) ! translation ( ! fir/ *apt]1 appe>$ 9 ! two fir/ numb]s ( ! ,new ,asiatic ,miscellany4 ,calcutta1 #aghi4 ,?is ,engli% v]sion 0 r5d]$ into ,g]man by ,dalb]g1 #ahji4 #aj ,^! translations are m5tion$ 9 ! notes ( ! pres5t v]sion4 #aa ,new ,asiatic ,misc41 p4 #hg4 #ab ,transactions ( ! ,lit]>y ,society ( ,bombay1 vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #cgd4 #ac ,transactions ( ! ,lit]>y ,society ( ,bombay1 vol4 ,,ii4 pp4 #bdc-bdd4 #ad ,ibid41 pp4 #cge-cgf4 #ae ,see ! pres5t ,transl41 vol4 ,i4 pp4 #aac-aad4 ,a mi/ake is "h to be po9t$ out3 at p4 #aad1 l4 #aa1 ! "n ( ,kaivan has be5 sub/itut$ = t ( ,mob$ ,s]o%4 #af ,see vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #acg4 #ag ,see vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #ade4 #ah ,jehangr reign$ f #afje to #afbh4 ,%ah ,jehan #afbh #afei4 ,aur5gzeb #afei #agjg4 #ai ,! ,works ( sir ,w4 ,jones1 vol4 ,,iv4 pp4 #af & #aje4 ,,ii4,,discussion ,,on ,,! ,,desatir4 ,?is ^w 0 consid]$ to be ! ,arabic plural ( ! orig9al ,p]sian ^w do/r1 signify+ 8a note-book1 pill>1 canon1 model1 le>n$ man20 b1 accord+ to ! ,p]sian gramm>1 its plural w\ld be do/urn1 or do/rha1 & n destir4 ,f ?is ,arabic =m ( ! ^w an inf]5ce 0 drawn aga9/ ! orig9ality & antiquity ( ! ,destir2 b ?is ( itself is n suffici5t1 z w be %[n4 ,o!r read+s ( ! title are ,da/nir1 9 "o passage1#bj & ,0tir#ba 9 two o!r places ( ,gladw9's ,p]sian text1 & ! la/ also 9 a passage ( ! pr9t$ edition4#bb ,! fir/ is n easily acc\nt$ =1 & is probably errone\s2 b ! second is f\nd 9 ! index ( ! pr9t$ edition1#bc "u ! lett] 1 vau1 & expla9$3 8! "n ( ! book ( ,mahabad20 x _c !re=e be tak5 = a typographical error1 & is ! correct title ( ! book1 z ,i n[ ?9k1 al?\gh ,i =m]ly#bd pref]r$ read+ ,destir4 ,x is d]ivable f ! ,sansrcit root ws1 8to s\nd1 to call10 & !re=e 9 ! =m ( 0tis or 0tir 7! r & s be+ frequ5tly sub/itut$ = ! vis>ga7 x signifies 8spee*1 oracle1 precept1 comm&40 ,x is also 9 connection ) ! old ,p]sian ^w wak%ur1 8a prophet40 ,consid]+ ! frequ5t sub/itution 9 k9dr$ languages ( ba = va1 & ba = bha1 x may also be ref]r$ to ! root bha%a1 8to speak10#be :i*1 ) ! prepositions p>i & sam1 signifies 8to expla91 exp\nd1 disc\rse40 ,h5ce we read 9 ! ,comm5t>y ( ! ,destir ! anci5t ,p]sian ^w bastir#bf 7n to be f\nd 9 mod]n ,p]sian vocabul>ies71 :i* is !re int]pret$ by 8speculations10 9 ! foll[+ passage3 8! speculations 7bastir7 :i* ,i h writt5 on ! destir40 ,i %all nev]!less keep1 9 ! ensu+ ,diss]tation1 ! title ,destir1 because x is g5]ally adopt$4 ,besides1 9 ! ,mahabdian text1 ! vau1 1 frequ5tly occurs = ! ,p]sian dl1 1 ?us we f9d 1 wd51 = 1 dd51 8to give20 & wrem1 1 = drem1 1 8,i h20 b ,i am aw>e t ! two lett]s1 s simil> 9 _! =m1 may be easily conf\nd$ ) ea* o!r by ! copyi/ or pr9t]4 ,! extract f ! ,destir conta9$ 9 ! ,dabi/n 0 ?\ght wor?y ( ! greate/ att5tion by sir ,william ,jones1 z be=e m5tion$2 nay1 appe>$ to him 8an unexceptionable au?ority10 be=e a "p ( ! ,destir itself 0 publi%$ 9 ,bombay1 9 ! ye> #ahah1 t is1 tw5ty-f\r ye>s aft] ! dea? ( t em95t man4 ,! au?or ( ! ,dabi/n m5tions ! ,destir z a "w well kn[n among ! ,sipasians1 t is1 ! adh]5ts ( ! mo/ anci5t religion ( ,p]sia4 ,accord+ to 8 /atem5t1 ! emp]or ,akb> conv]s$ frequ5tly ) ! fire-ador]s ( ,guz]at2 he also call$ f ,p]sia a foll[] ( ,z]du%t1 nam$ ,arde%ir1 & invit$ fire-wor%ipp]s f ,kirman to 8 c\rt1 & receiv$ _! religi\s books f t c\ntry2 we may suppose ! ,destir 0 among !m4 ,s mu* is positive1 t x is quot$ 9 ! ,%>i/an *eh> *em51 a "w compos$ by a celebrat$ doctor :o liv$ "u ! reigns ( ! emp]ors ,akb> & ,jehangr1 & di$ ,a4 ,d4 #afbd4 ,! compil] ( ! ,burhani ,kati1 a ,p]sian ,diction>y1 to be comp>$ to ! ,arabic ,kamus1 or 8sea ( language10 quotes & expla9s a great numb] ( obsolete words & philosophic t]ms ^u ! au?ority ( ! ,destir3 ?is evid5tly proves ! great e/eem 9 :i* ?is "w 0 held4 ,let x be consid]$ t a diction>y is n de/9$ = ! use ( a sect m]ely1 b ( ! :ole nation t speaks ! language1 & ?is is ! ,p]sian1 consid]$1 ev5 by ! ,arabs1 z ! second language 9 ! _w & 9 p>adise4#bg ,x is to be regrett$ t ,mohsan ,fani did n relate :]e & h[ he himself became acqua9t$ ) ! ,destir4 ,i see no suffici5t gr\nd = ! supposition ( ,silve/re de ,sacy#bh & an anonym\s critic1#bi t ! au?or ( ! ,dabi/n nev] saw ! ,destir4 ,s mu* is c]ta91 t ! acc\nt :i* he gives ( ! ,mahabdian religion co9cides 9 e mat]ial po9t ) t :i* is conta9$ 9 t "p ( ! sacr$ book :i* 0 edit$ 9 ,bombay by ,mulla ,firuz ,b9-i-,kaus4#cj ,?is editor says 9 8 preface 7p4 vi73 8,! ,destir is kn[n to h exi/$ = _m ye>s1 & has frequ5tly be5 ref]r$ to by ,p]sian writ]s1 ?\gh1 z x 0 reg>d$ z ! sacr$ volume ( a p>ticul> sect1 x seems to h be5 gu>d$ ) t jeal\s c>e & t incommunicative _s1 t h p>ticul>ly di/+ui%$ ! religi\s sects ( ! ,ea/4 ,we c only fairly expect1 !re=e1 t ! cont5ts %\ld be kn[n to ! foll[]s ( ! sect40 ,mulla ,firuz employs "h evid5tly ! t]m sect ) respect to ! dom9ant religion ( ! ,muhamm$an conqu]ors1 ^: viol5t & p[]ful intol]ance r$uc$ ! /ill fai?ful foll[]s ( ! anci5t national religion to und]go ! fate ( a p]secut$ sect4 ,b we %all see t ! doctr9e ( ! ,destir is ju/ly entitl$ to a mu* high] pret5sion ?an to be t ( an obscure sect4 ,:atev] x be1 ,mulla ,firuz possess$ ! only manuscript ( ! "w !n kn[n 9 ,bombay4 ,x 0 pur*as$ at ,isfahan by 8 fa!r ,kaus1 ab\t ! ye> #aggh1 f a booksell]1 :o sold x "u ! title ( a ,gueb] book4 ,br\ght to ,bombay1 x attract$ ! p>ticul> att5tion ( ,mr4 ,duncan1 !n gov]nor ( ,bombay1 to su* a degree1 t he began an ,engli% translation ( ! "w1 :i* 0 int]rupt$ by 8 return to ,engl&4 ,! f9al completion ( ! v]sion 0 ow+ to ! great enc\ragem5t :i* sir ,john ,malcolm gave ,mulla ,firuz 9 consequ5ce ( ! high op9ion :i* sir ,william ,jones _h publicly express$ ( ! ,dabi/n1 ! au?or ( :i* drew 8 acc\nt ( ! anci5t ,p]sian dyna/ies & religions *iefly f ! ,destir4 ,!re is an int]val ( "o hundr$ & ?irty-?ree ye>s#ca betwe5 ! composition ( ! ,dabi/n & ! =tuit\s pur*ase ( ! manuscript copy ( ! ,destir1 by ,kaus 9 ,isfahan2 z x w\ld be assum+ to mu* to suppose t ! latt] is ! same f :i* ,mohsan ,fani drew 8 in=mation1 we c b admit t ! agreem5t ( bo?1 9 ! mo/ mat]ial po9ts1 af=ds a confirmation ( ea* respective text4 ,! great ,ori5tali/ ,silve/re de ,sacy1 on review+ ! ,destir1#cb says3 8,we are 9 a mann] fright5$ by ! multitude & gravity ( ! que/ions :i* we %all h to solve1 or at lea/ to discuss2 = e ?+ is "h a problem3 ,:at is ! age ( ! book8 ,:o is its au?or8 ,is x ! "w ( sev]al p]sons2 or ! div]s p>ts ( :i* x is compos$1 are !y writt5 by "o & ! same au?or1 al?\gh attribut$ to diff]5t individuals1 :o succe$$ ea* o!r at long int]vals8 ,! language 9 :i* x 0 writt51 0 x1 at any epo*1 t ( ! inhabitants ( ,p]sia1 or ( any ( ! c\ntries compris$ 9 ! empire ( ,iran8 ,or is x no?+ b a factiti\s language1 inv5t$ to support an impo/ure8 ,at :at epo* 7 made ! ,p]sian translation accompany+ ! orig9al text1 & ! comm5t>y jo9$ to ?is translation8 ,:o is ! au?or ( ! "o & ! o!r8 ,are n ?is translation & ?is comm5t>y !mselves pseudonym\s & apocryphal books2 or may n ! :ole be ! "w ( an impo/or ( ! latt] c5turies8 ,all ^! que/ions pres5t !mselves 9 a cr[d to my m9d2 & if "s ( !m appe> to be easily answ]$1 o!rs (f] m ?an common difficulties40 ,well may a p]son1 ev5 ) f> great] pret5sions ?an m9e c be1 hesitate to attempt ! discussion ( a subject :i* fright5$ ! illu/ri\s ,silve/re de ,sacy2 b z ! ,destir is "o ( ! pr9cipal s\rces f :i* ! au?or ( ! ,dabi/n drew 8 acc\nt ( ! ,p]sian religion & its div]s sectsa consid]able "p ( 8 "w,i _c disp5se ) pres5t+ ! subject 9 ! /ate 9 :i* ! discussions hi!rto publi%$1 by v respectable critics1 h left x4 ,if ,i v5ture to (f] a few rem>ks ( my own ^u x1 x is only 9 ! hope ( provok+ fur!r elucidations by philolog]s :o %all exam9e ! ,mahabadian text itself1 & by argum5ts drawn f its fundam5tals decide ! important "q:e!r we %all h "o language m or less to c\nt among ! relics ( antiquity8 ,in/ead ( foll[+ ! ord] 9 :i* ! que/ions are /at$ above1 ,i w beg9 by t :i* appe>s to me ! mo/ important1 namely3 8! language 9 :i* ! ,destir is writt51 is x no?+ b a factiti\s language inv5t$ to support an impo/ure80 ,! =g]y ( a language1 s bold an impo/ure1 r5d]s any o!r fraud probable2 ?r\gh a false m$ium no tru? c be expect$1 nor ev5 s\ght4 ,b1 9 ord] to gu>d aga9/ ! preconception ( a =g]y hav+ tak5 place1 a preconception ! exi/5ce ( :i* may1 ) too good a f\ndation1 be appreh5d$1 ,i %all fir/ exam9e1 z a g5]al !sis1 :e!r ! inv5tion ( a language1 by "o individual or by a few individuals1 is 9 itself probable & cr$ible4 ,i %all only adduce ^? pr9ciples :i* h receiv$ ! sanction ( great philolog]s1 among :om x may be suffici5t to "n b>on ,william ,humboldt1 & claim ! read]'s indulg5ce1 if1 9 endeavor+ to be cle>1 ,i %\ld n h suffici5tly avoid$ trite obs]vations4 ,trac+ languages up to _! fir/ orig91 x has be5 f\nd t !y are d]iv$ f s\nds expressive ( feel+s2 ^! are pres]v$ 9 ! roots1 f :i*1 9 ! progressive developm5t ( ! faculty ( spee*1 v]bs1 n\ns1 & ! :ole language1 are =m$4 ,9 e spee*1 ev5 9 ! mo/ simple "o1 ! individual feel+ has a connection ) ! common nature ( mank9d2 spee* is n a "w ( reflection3 x is an in/9ctive creation4 ,! infallible pres5ce ( ! ^w requir$ on e occasion is c]ta9ly n a m]e act ( memory2 no human memory w\ld be capable ( furni%+ x1 if man did n possess 9 himself in/9ctively ! key1 n only = ! =mation ( words1 b also = a cont9u$ process ( association3 ^u ?is ! :ole sy/em ( human language is f\nd$4 ,by ent]+ into ! v sub/ance ( exi/+ languages1 x appe>s evid5t t !y are intellectual creations1 :i* d n at all pass f "o individual to o!rs1 b c only em]ge f ! coexi/+ self-activity ( all4 8 ,t "o ! names ( ?+s contriv$1 ,& t f him _! k all d]iv$1 #8,tis fond to ?9k40#cc ,z long z ! language lives 9 ! m\? ( a nation1 ! words are a progressive production & reproduction ( ! faculty to =m words4 ,9 ?is mann] only c we expla91 )\t hav+ rec\rse to a sup]natural cause1 h[ millions ( m5 c agree to use ! same words = e object1 ! same locution = e feel+4 ,language 9 g5]al is ! s5sible ext]ior ve/m5t ( ?\ght2 x is ! product ( ! intellig5ce1 & ! expression ( ! "* ( mank9d2 9 p>ticul> x may be consid]$ z ! ext]ior manife/ation ( ! g5ius ( nations3 _! language is _! g5ius1 & _! g5ius is _! language4 ,we see ( :at use ! inve/igation ( idioms may be 9 trac+ ! aff9ities ( nations4 ,hi/ory & geography mu/ be tak5 z guides 9 ! rese>*es ^u tongues2 b ^! rese>*es w\ld be futile1 if languages 7 ! irregul> product ( haz>d4 ,no3 pr(\nd feel+ & imm$iate cle>ness ( vivid intuition act ) wond]ful regul>ity1 & foll[ an un]r+ analogy4 ,! g5esis ( languages may be assimilat$ to t ( works ( g5ius,i mean1 ( t creative faculty :i* gives rules to an art4 ,?us is x ! language :i* dictates ! gramm>4 ,moreov]1 ! utmo/ p]fection ( :i* an idiom is susceptible is a l9e l t ( beauty1 :i*1 once atta9$1 c nev] be surpass$4 ,?is 0 ! case ) "s anci5t tongues4 ,s9ce t "t1 mank9d appe> to h lo/ a faculty or a tal5t1 inasmu* z !y are no m actuat$ by t urg5cy ( ke5 feel+ :i* 0 ! v pr9ciple ( ! high p]fection ( ^? languages4 ,comp>ative philology1 a new sci5ce1 sprung up )9 ! la/ ?irty ye>s1 b already gr[n to an un=ese5 p]fection1 has fix$ ! pr9ciples by :i* ! aff9ities ( languages may be kn[n1 ev5 among ! app>5tly irregul> disp>ities :i* v>i\s circum/ances & revolutions ( ! diff]5t nations h creat$4 ,?is w\ld h be5 impossible1 if !re did n exi/ a fundam5tal philosophy ( language1 h[ev] conceal$1 & a c]ta9 consi/5cy1 ev5 9 ! seem+ly mo/ irregul> modification ( dialect1 = in/ance1 9 t ( pronunciation4 ,b1 ev5 ! p]mutation ( lett]s 9 diff]5t & ! mo/ rude dialects1 has its rules1 & foll[s1 )9 its own compass1 a spontane\s analogy1 su* z is indisp5sable = ! easy & common practice ( a society m or less num]\s4 ,?us s\nds1 grammatical =ms1 & ev5 graphical signs ( language h be5 subject$ to analysis & comp>ison2 ! significant radical lett]s h be5 di/+ui%$ f ! m]ely accid5tal lett]s1 & a di/9ction has be5 e/abli%$ betwe5 :at is fundam5tal1 & :at is m]ely hi/orical & accid5tal4 ,f ^! consid]ations ,i conclude3 ,fir/,t ! =g]y ( a language is 9 itself highly improbable2 ,secondly,t1 if x _h be5 attempt$1 comp>ative philology is p]fectly capable ( detect+ x4 ,tak+ a l>ge hi/orical view ( ?is subject1 we _c suppress ! foll[+ reflection3 ,! =mation ( mighty & civiliz$ /ates be+ admitt$1 ev5 by our /ricte/ *ronolog]s1 to h tak5 place at lea/ tw5ty-five c5turies be=e our era1 x c b appe> extraord9>y1 ev5 aft] tak+ 9 acc\nt viol5t revolutions1 t ( s multitud9\s & great exi/5ces1 only su* scanty docum5ts %\ld h come d[n to u4 ,b1 /range to say1 :5ev] a te/imony has escap$ ! de/ruction ( "t1 in/ead ( be+ greet$ ) a b5evol5t al?\gh disc]n+ curiosity1 ! unexpect$ /rang] is approa*$ ) mi/ru/ful scrut9y1 8 voice is /ifl$ ) sev]e rebukes1 8 cr$5tials disc>d$ ) scorn1 & by a pr$et]m9$ & /ubborn condemnation1 resuscitat+ antiquity is repell$ into ! tomb ( oblivion4 ,i am aw>e t all dialectical argum5ts :i* h be5 or may be alleg$ aga9/ ! probability ( =g+ a language1 w\ld be ( no avail aga9/ well-prov$ facts1 t languages h be5 =g$1 & t works1 writt5 9 !m1 exi/4 ,we may rememb] ! example adduc$ by ,ri*>dson#cd ( a language1 z he said1 8suffici5tly orig9al1 copi\s1 & regul> to impose ^u p]sons ( v ext5sive le>n+10 =g$ by ,psalmanaz>4 ,?is 0 ! assum$ "n ( a an individual1 :om ! em95t ,ori5tali/ calls a ,jew1 b :o1 born 9 #afgi1 9 ,langu$oc or 9 ,prov5ce1 ( ,*ri/ian p>5ts1 receiv$ a ,*ri/ian1 nay !ological education1 z good z 8 fir/ in/ructors1 ,franciscans1 ,jesuits1 & ,dom9icans c\ld be/[4 ,?is extraord9>y p]son ?rew himself at a v e>ly age into a c>e] ( adv5tures1 9 ! c\rse ( :i*1 at ! age ( sev5te5 ye>s1 he fell ^u ! wild project ( pass+ = a native ( ! isl& ( ,=mosa1 fir/ z "o :o _h be5 conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity1 !n1 z /ill a pagan1 he let himself be baptiz$ by a ,scot* m9i/]1 by :om he 0 recomm5d$ to an ,engli% bi%op2 ! latt]1 9 8 pi\s illusion1 promot$ at once ! int]e/s ( ! conv]tor1 & ! fraud ( ! neophyte4#ce ,?is adv5tur] :o 0 bold en\gh1 :ile on ! cont95t1 to set ab\t inv5t+ a new "* & language1 a gramm>1 & a division ( ! ye> into tw5ty mon?s1 publi%$ 9 ,london1 al?\gh n tw5ty ye>s old1 a translation ( ! cate*ism into 8 =g$ language ( ,=mosa1 & a hi/ory ( ! isl& ) 8 own alphabetical writ+1 :i* read f "r to lefta gross fiction ! tempor>y success ( :i* ev9ces ! !n prevail+ ignorance 9 hi/ory1 geography1 & philology4 ,b pi\s zeal & fanaticism _h *ang$ a sci5tific discussion into a religi\s qu>rel1 & = too long a "t r5d]$ va9 ! objections ( a few truly le>n$ & cle>-sight$ m52 until ! impo/or1 ei!r incapable ( support+ long] 8 pret5sions or urg$ by 8 consci5ce1 av[$ ! deception1 & at la/ became a truly le>n$ good & e/imable man4#cf ,we see ?is example badly supports ! cause ( =g$ languages4 ,9 #ahje1 ,m4 ,r\sseau1 s9ce consul-g5]al ( ,france at ,aleppo1 f\nd 9 a private libr>y at ,baghdad a diction>y ( a language :i* is designat$ by ! "n ( ,balibalan1 int]pret$ 8he :o vivifies10 & writt5 9 ,arabic *>act]s call$ ,ne%ki2 x 0 expla9$ 9 ,arabic1 ,p]sian1 & ,turki%4 ,! unkn[n au?or ( ! diction>y compos$ x = ! intellig5ce ( my/]i\s & occult sci5ces1 writt5 9 t language4 ,! highly le>n$ ,silve/re de ,sacy _h sc>ce be5 in=m$ ( ?is discov]y1 :5 he s\ght & f\nd 9 ! ,royal ,libr>y1 at ,p>is1 ! same diction>y1 & ) 8 usual dilig5ce & sagacity publi%$ a %ort b lucid ,notice ( x4#cg ,:at he said !re9 0 suffici5t = giv+ an idea ( ! mann] 9 :i* ?is language p>ticipates 9 ! grammatical =ms ( ,arabic1 ,p]sian1 & ,turki%4 ,silve/re de ,sacy1 z well z ,m4 ,r\sseau1 h left x unc]ta9 :e!r ! language be dead or liv+2 by :om & at :at p]iod x 0 =m$1 & :at au?ors h made use ( x4 ,! =m] adds1 t "s works writt5 9 ,balibalan are likely to be f\nd 9 ! h&s ( ! ,sfis ( ,p]sia4 ,?is language des]ves p]haps a fur!r exam9ation4 ,all t is positive 9 ! j-adduc$ /atem5t ( ! two great ,ori5tali/s may be said ( any o!r language1 :i* is n orig9al b compos$1 z = in/ance ! ,engli% or ! ,dut*1 ( m ?an "o idiom4 ,we c b admit t1 at all times an association ( m5 = a p>ticul> purpose1 a s*ool ( art1 sci5ce1 & pr(ession may h1 has1 & ev5 mu/ h1 a p>ticul> phraseology4 ,any modification ( anci5t1 or production ( new1 ideas1 w create a modifi$ or a new language2 any p[]ful influ5ce ( p>ticul> circum/ances w produce a simil> effect2 ?is is a spontane\s reproduction1 & n ! int5tional =g]y ( a language4 ,su* a =g]y1 ev5 if x c\ld rema9 undetect$1 :i* x _c 9 our times1 w\ld b furni% a curi\s pro( ( human +5uity1 to :i* no b\nds c be assign$2 b ! true & sole object ( a language c\ld nev] be atta9$ by x2 because1 nev] w\ld a great numb] ( indep5d5t m5 be dispos$1 nor c\ld !y be =c$1 to adopt ! vocabul>y1 gramm>1 & locutions ( a s+le man1 & appropriate !m to !mselves = ! p]petual expression ( _! inmo/ m9d1 & = ! ex*ange ( _! mutual feel+s & ideas4#ch ,to effect ?is1 is a miracle ascrib$ to ! ,div9ity1 & ) ju/ice2 be+ ! evid5t result ( ! ,heav5-be/[$ faculty ( spee*1 "o ( ! p]petual miracles ( ! _w4 ,( ?is a prophet mu/ avail himself :o ann\nces to ! _w ! important intellig5ce ( a heav5ly revelation4 ,! great purpose ( 8 sacr$ mission implies ! wide/ possible proclamation ( 8 doctr9e 9 a language g5]ally intelligible1 :i* a =g$ language nev] c be4 ,if1 z 0 surmis$1#ci ! ,destir be set up z a rival to ! ,koran1 x mu/ h be5 writt5 9 a national language = a nation2 ! ,p]sians own$ z !irs ! ,mahabadian religion1 ! id5tical "o :i* hi/ory1 al?\gh n "u ! same "n1 attributes to !m 9 remote ages1 z w result f an exam9ation ( ! doctr9e itself4 ,consid]+ ! k requir$1 & ! difficulties to be ov]come 9 =g+ a language 9 su* a mann] z to impose1 ev5 = a "t1 ^u ! cr$ulity ( o!rs1 we %all conclude t no?+ less ?an direct pro( is requisite = e/abli%+ su* a =g]y z a real fact4 ,n[1 :at argum5ts h be5 set =? = decl>+ ! language ( ! ,destir to be no?+ else ?an 8an artificial idiom inv5t$ to support an impo/ure80 ,silve/re de ,sacy says3#dj 8,x is difficult inde$1 n to p]ceive t ! multipli$ relations :i* exi/ betwe5 ! ,asmni1 #8heav5ly1' & ,p]sian languages are ! result ( a sy/ematic op]ation1 & n ! effect ( haz>d1 nor t ( "t1 :i* proce$s ) less regul>ity 9 ! alt]ations to :i* language is subject$40 ,i mu/ apologise = "h int]rupt+ ?is celebrat$ au?or1 = ! purpose ( ref]r+ to :at nobody bett] ?an himself has e/abli%$ z a p]emptory condition ( exi/5ce = any language1 & :at he c]ta9ly nev] meant to d5y1 b may p]haps "h be suppos$ to =getnamely1 t a language is n 8! effect ( haz>d10 & al?\gh 8n ! result ( sy/ematic comb9ation10 yet1 z an in/9ctive creation1 %[s surpris+ regul>ity1 & t an evid5t rule pr$om9ates 9 ! alt]ations :i* "t produces 9 languages4 ,silve/re de ,sacy proce$s3 8,! gramm> ( ! ,mahabadian language is evid5tly1 = ! :ole etymological "p1 & ev5 7:i* is s+ul>ly /rik+7 9 :at conc]ns ! anomal\s v]bs1 trac$ f 7calque sur7 ! ,p]sian gramm>1 & z to ! radical words1 if !re be _m ( !m ! orig9 ( :i* is unkn[n1 !re is also a great numb] ( !m 9 :i* ! ,p]sian root1 m or less alt]$1 may be recognis$ )\t any ef=t40 ,ersk9e exam9$1 )\t ! lea/ communication ) ! ,fr5* critic1 ! ,mahabadian language1 & says3#da 8,9 its gramm> x approa*es v ne>ly to ! mod]n ,p]sian1 z well 9 ! inflection ( ! n\ns & v]bs1 z 9 its syntax40 ,norris#db takes ! v same view ( x4 ,^! highly respectable critics publi%$ _! judgm5t ^u ! ,mahabadian language be=e ! comp>ison ( sev]al languages ) ! ,sanscrit & betwe5 ea* o!r _h be5 made by able philolog]s1 creators ( ! new sci5ce ( comp>ative philology4 ,accord+ to ! latt]1 ! pro(s ( ! real aff9ity ( language1 t is1 ! pro(s t two languages belong to ! same family1 are to be pr9cipally & c be prop]ly d$uc$1 f _! grammatical sy/em4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 ! =ms ( ! ,greek & ,lat9 languages are 9 sev]al p>ts ne>ly id5tical ) ! ,sanscrit1 ! fir/ be>+ a great] resemblance 9 "o respect1 ! latt] 9 ano!r2 ! ,greek v]bs 9 mi1 ! ,lat9 decl5sion ( "s n\ns appe>1 to use ! expression ( ! illu/ri\s au?or1 8trac$ f ea* o!r 7calqus l'un sur l'autre740 ,^! two languages seem to h divid$ betwe5 !m ! :ole sy/em ( ! anci5t gramm>1 :i* is mo/ p]fectly pres]v$ 9 ! ,sanscrit4 ,?is language itself is probably1 ) ! two m5tion$1 d]iv$ f a m anci5t language2 we meet 9 !m ?ree si/]s recognis$ by _! /rik+ lik5ess4 ,?is1 al?\gh m or less weak5$ & ev5 oblit]at$ 9 "s features1 rema9s ^u ! :ole /ill p]ceptible 9 a long s]ies ( _! relations3 ,i mean 9 all ^? languages :i* are di/+ui%$ by ! "n ( ,indo-g]manic1 to :i* ! ,p]sian belongs4 ,b1 9 decid+ ^u ! aff9ity ( languages1 n only ! grammatical =ms are to be exam9$1 b also ! sy/em ( s\nds is to be /udi$1 & ! words mu/ be consid]$ 9 _! roots & d]ivations4 ,! ?ree critics m5tion$ agree t ! language ( ! ,destir is v simil> to ! ,p]sian or ,d]i1 n only 9 gramm>1 b also 9 etymology2 a great numb] ( ! v]bal & nom9al roots are ! same 9 bo?4 ,?is simil>ity w\ld1 accord+ to comp>ative philology1 lead to ! conclusion t ei!r ! "o is d]iv$ f ! o!r1 or t bo? proce$ f a common p>5t2 b no?+ hi!rto "h alleg$ c ju/ify ! supposition ( inv5tion1 =g]y1 or fabrication ( ! s-call$ ,mahabadian language4 ,we cont9ue to quote ! /rictures ( ,silve/re de ,sacy3 8,!re is h[ev] a yet /rong] pro( ( ! sy/ematic op]ation :i* produc$ ! factiti\s idiom4 ,?is pro( ,i d]ive f ! p]fect & con/ant id5tity :i* prevails betwe5 ! ,p]sian phraseology & t ( ! ,mahabadian idiom4 ,! "o & ! o!r are1 :5ev] ! translation does n deg5]ate into p>aphrase or comm5t>y1 :i* frequ5tly happ5s1 trac$ f ea* o!r 7calqus l'un sur l'autre7 9 su* a mann] t ea* phrase1 9 bo?1 has always ! same numb] ( words1 & ^! words are always arrang$ 9 ! same ord]4 ,= produc+ su* a result1 we mu/ admit two idioms1 ! gramm> ( :i* %\ld be p]fectly alike1 z weil ) respect to ! etymological "p z to ! syntax1 & _! respective diction>ies (f]+ precisely ! same numb] ( words1 :e!r n\ns1 v]bs1 or p>ticles3 :i* w\ld suppose two nations1 hav+ precisely ! same numb] ( ideas1 :e!r absolute or relative1 & conceiv+ b ! same k9d & ! same numb] ( relations40 ,if :at we h already /at$ be n unf\nd$1 ! la/ quot$ p>agraph1 :i* ! au?or calls 8a yet /rong] pro( ( ! sy/ematic op]ations :i* produc$ ! factiti\s idiom0 mu/ be ackn[l$g$ n to h ! weight :i* he w\ld attribute to x4 ,if ! ,mahabadian & ,p]sian be languages relat$ to ea* o!r1 8a p]fect & con/ant id5tity ( phraseology betwe5 !m bo?10 if ev5 s great z x is said to be1 is n only possible1 b may be fairly expect$ 9 ! av[$ translation ( ! ,destir into ,p]sian4 ,su* id5tity is mo/ religi\sly aim$ at 9 v]sions ( a sacr$ text4 ,ne$ ,i adduce mod]n examples ( translations :i*1 9 po9t ( phraseological con=mity ) _! orig9al1 may vie ) ! ,p]sian v]sion ( ! ,mahabadian text8 ,! supposition t two nations h ! same numb] ( ideas1 absolute or relative1 is f> f be+ absurd3 x is really ! fact ) all nations :o are ^u ! same level ( civilisation2 b ! pres5t "q is ( ! writ+s ( ! same nation1 :i*1 possess+ at all times a sort ( gov]nm5t & religion fundam5tally ! same1 might easily c\nt an obsolete language ( its own among ! monum5ts ( its antiquity4 ,on t acc\nt1 we _c see :at ! =m] argum5ts ( ! critic ga9 9 /r5g? by ! addition3 8t ! p]fect id5tity ( conception falls 9 a v great "p ^u ab/ract & metaphysical ideas1 9 :i* su* a co9cid5ce is inf9itely m difficult ?an :5 ! "q is only ( objects & relations p]ceptible to ! s5ses40,a great simil>ity is rem>k$ 9 all =ms ( ?9k+4 ,little *ance ( be+ contradict$ c be incurr$ 9 say+1 t ! fundam5tal ideas ( metaphysics are common to all mank9d1 & inh]5t 9 human reason4 ,! encyclop$ian cont5ts ( ! ,dabi/n1 conc]n+ ! op9ions ( s _m nations1 w\ld furni% a new pro( ( x1 7 ?is g5]ally ackn[l$g$ fact 9 ne$ ( any fur!r support4 ,silve/re de ,sacy ackn[l$ges t ! ,asmni language conta9s a great numb] ( radical words1 ! orig9 ( :i* is n kn[n4 ,ersk9e says3#dc 8,x is c]ta9ly s+ul> t ! language 9 :i* ! ,destir is writt51 l t 9 :i* ! ,z5d-,ave/a is compos$1 is no :]e else to be met )4 ,x is n d]iv$ f ! ,z5d1 ! ,pehlevi1 ! ,sanscrit1 ,arabic1 ,turki%1 ,p]sian1 or any o!r kn[n language40 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,! basis ( ! language1 & ! great majority ( words 9 x1 belong to no kn[n tongue4 ,x is a mixture ( ,p]sian & ,indian words4 ,a few ,arabic words occur40 ,norris#dd also f\nd t a great "p ( ! language appe>s to h little resemblance to any o!r t 0 ev] spok54 ,a judgm5t1 s express$1 might induce an imp>tial m9d to ascribe orig9ality to at lea/ a "p ( ! ,asmni language2 :i* w\ld naturally r5d] ! o!r "p less liable to suspicion1 inasmu* z x w\ld h be5 n less difficult to execute1 b less easy to conceal1 a p>tial ?an a total =g]y4 ,nev]!less x s happ5s t ! dissimil>ity f any o!r1 z well z ! simil>ity to "o p>ticul> idiom1 are bo? equally turn$ aga9/ ! g5u95ess ( ! language 9 "q3 :]e dissimil>ity exi/s1 !re is absolute =g]y:]e simil>ity1 an awkw>d disguise6 ,ersk9e cont9ues3 8,! ,p]sian sy/em x is unnecess>y to p>ticul>ise2 b x is wor?y ( att5tion t1 among ! words ( ,indian orig91 n only are _m ,sanscrit1 :i* might happ5 9 a "w ( a remote age1 b sev]al belong to ! colloquial language ( ,h9du/n3 ?is is suspici\s1 & seems to m>k a mu* m rec5t orig94 ,_m words inde$ occur 9 ! ,destir t are common to ! ,sanscrit & to ! vulg> ,indian languages 7! au?or quotes ?irty-f\r ( !m72 _m o!rs might be po9t$ out4 ,b ! mo/ rem>kable class ( words is t :i* belongs to ! pure ,h9di2 su* ,i imag9e are ! ^w %et1 #8respectable1' prefix$ to ! names ( prophets & o!rs 7tw5ty-f\r are adduc$74 ,:atev] may be ?\ght ( ! words ( ,p]sian desc5t1 x is n probable t ^? f ! ,h9du/an are ( a v remote age2 !y may p]haps be reg>d$ z consid]ably po/]ior to ! settlem5t ( ! ,muselmans 9 ,india40 ,/rongly support$ by ! op9ion ( respectable philolog]s1 ,i d n hesitate to draw a q contr>y conclusion f ! facts /at$ by ,ersk9e4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t1 9 ! popul> or vulg> dialects are (t5 f\nd rema9s ( anci5t tongues1 namely1 roots ( words1 locutions1 nay rules ( gramm> :i* h become obsolete1 or disappe>$ 9 ! cultivat$ idioms d]iv$ f ! same orig9al language4 ,x 0 n )\t reason t ! illu/ri\s ,william ,humboldt recomm5d$ to ! ,royal ,asiatic ,society ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&1#de to exam9e1 on behalf ( g5]al ,ori5tal philology1 ! diff]5t prov9cial dialects ( ,india4 ,ev5 ! gibb]i% ( gypsies is n to be neglect$ = t purpose4#df ,?us1 if we are n greatly mi/ak51 ! v argum5ts alleg$ to %[ t ! ,mahabadian language is an inv5tion or =g]y1 lead r to a contr>y conclusion4 ,duly s5sible ( ! great weight ( au?ority :i* opposes ! result ( my inquiry1 ,i s\ght an explanation ( ! sev]e judgm5t pass$ ^u ! ,destir1 & v5ture to surmise t x 0 occasion$ by ! c]ta9ly extravagant claim to a heav5ly orig9 & incr$ible antiquity :i* has be5 atta*$ to ?is "w4 ,su* pret5sions1 tak5 9 too s]i\s a light1 c b hurt a fix$1 if n religi\s1 belief4 ,e nation ackn[l$ges b "o heav5ly book1 & rejects e o!r4 ,h5ce arises a v natural1 & ev5 respectable pre-conception aga9/ all t appe>s )\t ! limits trac$ by religion1 or m]e e>ly habit & adopt$ sy/em4 ,?us a sev]e c5sure is provok$4 ,to annihilate at once ! imp]t95t pret5sion to a div9e orig91 all t +5uity c sugge/ is br\ght =w>d to prove ! book to be a fraudul5t =g]y2 to /rip x ( ! awful dignity ( antiquity1 x mu/ by any means be repres5t$ z ! "w ( ye/]day4 ,b error is n fraud1 & may be z anci5t z mank9d itself2 because cr$ul\s1 a man is n ! =g] ( a docum5t4 ,if ! ,mahabadian language is n t primitive idiom f :i* ! ,sanscrit1 ! ,z5d1 & o!r languages are d]iv$1 x does n foll[ t x is 8a m]e j>gon1 fabricat$ ) no great address to support a religi\s or philosophical impo/ure20#dg if x 0 n spok5 9 ,iran long be=e ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,p%dadian mon>*y1 x does n foll[ 8t x has at no "t belong$ to any tribe or nation on ! face ( ! e>?40 ,h[ev] ,i may appe> incl9$ 9 favor ( ! ,destir1 ,i %all avoid incurr+ ! blame ( unfair concealm5t by add+ to ! names ( ! great critics above quot$1 adv]se to ?is "w1 ! great "o ( ,william von ,s*legel4 ,i mu/ av[ x2 ! celebrat$ au?or decl>es ! ,destir1#dh intimately connect$ ) ! ,dabi/n1 to be 8a =g]y /ill m ref9$ 7?an t ( ! ,brahman :o deceiv$ ,wil=d71#di & writt5 9 a pret5d$ anci5t language1 b fabricat$ at pleasure40 ,z he1 h[ev]1 pres5ts no argum5ts ( 8 own1 b only appeals 9 a note to ! articles writt5 by ,silve/re de ,sacy & ,ersk9e1 !re is no occasion "h = a fur!r obs]vation conc]n+ ?is "q4 ,z to von ,s*legel's op9ion ^u ! ,dabi/n1 ,i res]ve "s rem>ks ^u x = ano!r place4 ,g5]al argum5ts1 oppos$ to g5]al objections1 may produce p]suasion1 b are n suffici5t = e/abli%+ ! positive tru? conc]n+ a subject 9 "q4 ,x is necess>y to dive into ! ,mahabadian language itself = adequate pro(s ( its g5u95ess4 ,i might h ju/ly hesitat$ to und]take ?is task1 b f\nd x already mo/ ably a*iev$ by b>on von ,hamm]1#ej 9 :om we d n "k :i* we ought to admire mo/1 8 va/ /ore ( ,ori5tal erudition1 or ! indefatigable activity1 ) :i* he diffuses1 9 an unceas+ s]ies ( useful works1 ! v>i\s in=mation d]iv$ n only f ! /udy ( ! dead lett] 9 books1 b also f conv]se ) ! liv+ _s ( ! actual ,ea/]n _w4 ,?is sagaci\s review] ( ! ,destir1 exam9+ its language1 f9ds pro(s ( its au!nticity 9 ! nature ( its /ructure & ! syllables ( its =mation1 :i*1 :5 comp>$ to ! mod]n pure ,p]sian or ,d]1 h ! same relation to x z ! ,go?ic to ! ,engli%2 ! old ,p]sian & ! old ,g]manic idioms exhibit 9 ! progress ( improvem5t su* a wond]ful concordance & analogy z c by no means be ! result ( an +5i\s comb9ation1 nor t ( a lucky accid5tal co9cid5ce4 ,?us1 ! language ( ! ,destir has syllables ( decl5sion affix$ to pron\ns1 :i* co9cide ) ^? ( ! ,go?ic & ,l[ ,g]man1 b are n recognisable 9 ! mod]n =m ( ! ,p]sian pron\ns4 ,?is is also ! case ) "s =ms ( num]ical & o!r words4 ,! ,mahabadian language conta9s also a good numb] ( ,g]manic radicals :i* _c be attribut$ to ! well-kn[n aff9ity ( ! ,g]man & ! mod]n ,p]sian1 because !y are no m to be f\nd 9 ! latt]1 b solely 9 ! ,destir4 ,?is has besides _m ,engli%1 ,greek1 & ,lat9 words1 a s]ies ( :i* b>on von ,hamm] exhibits1 &:i* ought to be duly notic$a consid]able numb] ( ,mahabadian words1 belong+ also to ! languages enum]at$1 are s\ght 9 va9 9 any ,p]sian diction>y ( our days6 ,surely1 an accid5tal co9cid5ce ( an inv5t$ factiti\s language1 ) ,greek1 ,lat91 & ,g]manic =ms w\ld be by f> a great] & m inexplicable miracle1 ?an ! great regul>ity ( ?is anci5t sacr$ idiom ( ,p]sia1 & its con=mity ) ! mod]n ,d]i4 ,x is nev]!less f ! latt] t ! =g]y is *iefly inf]r$4 ,moreov]1 ! acute philolog]1 analys+ ! ,mahabadian language by itself1 po9ts out its ess5tial elem5ts & compon5t p>ts1 t is1 syllables ( d]ivation1 =mation1 & inflexion4 ,?us he adduces z syllables ( d]ivation c]ta9 v[els1 or consonants prec$$ by c]ta9 v[els2 he %[s c]ta9 recurr+ t]m9ations to be syllables ( =mation = sub/antives1 adjectives1 & v]bs2 he sets =? p>ticul> =ms ( v]bs1 & rem>kable expressions4 ,all ?is he supports by num]\s examples tak5 f ! text ( ! ,destir4 ,su* a process enabl$ him to rectify 9 "s places ! ,p]sian translation ( ! ,mahabadian text4 ,i c b repeat t my only object "h is to pres5t ! "q 9 ! same /ate t ,i f\nd x2 & am f> f conte/+1 nay1 readily admit1 ! possibility ( argum5ts :i* may lead to a contr>y conclusion4 ,until su* are produc$1 al?\gh n presum+ to decide1 ,i may be p]mitt$ to believe t ! language ( ! ,destir is no =g]y2 ,i may range myself on ! side ( ! celebrat$ ,ori5tali/ m5tion$1 :o1 t5 ye>s aft] ! date ( 8 review ( ! ,destir 7t5 ye>s :i*1 ) him1 are a lum9\s pa? ( ev]-increas+ k71 _h n *ang$ 8 op9ion ^u ! language ( ! ,destir1 & assigns to x#ea a place among ! ,asiatic dialects2 accord+ to him1 z x is m ne>ly relat$ to ! new ,p]sian ?an to ! ,z& & ! ,pehlevi1 x may be consid]$ z a new int]m$iate r+ 9 ! h]metic *a9 :i* connects ! ,g]manic idioms ) ! old ,asiatic languages2 x is p]haps ! mo/ anci5t dialect ( ! ,d]i1#eb spok51 if n 9 ,f>s1 yet 9 ! nor?-ea/]n c\ntries ( ! ,p]sian empire1 to wit1 9 ,sogd & ,bamian4 ,:5 x ceas$ to be spok51 l sev]al o!r languages ( by-gone ages1 ! ,mahabdian 0 pres]v$ p]haps 9 a s+le book1 or fragm5t ( a book1 simil> 9 its solitude to ! ,hebrew ,bible1 or ! ,p]sian ,z5d-,ave/a4 ,at :at epo* 0 ! ,destir writt58 ,! epo* assign$ to x1 accord+ to diff]5t views1 is ! six?#ec or ! sev5?#ed c5tury ( our era1 ev5 ! lat] "t ( ! ,seljucides1 :o reign$ f ,a4 ,d4 #ajcg to #aaic4 ,! latt] epo* is adopt$ z ! e>lie/ assignable1 by ,silve/re de ,sacy1 :o alleges two reasons = 8 op9ion3 ! "o is 8 belief t ! new ,p]sian language1 9 :i* ! ,destir 0 translat$ & comm5t$ by ! fabricator ( ! orig9al or ,mahabadian text did n exi/ e>li]2 ! second reason ref]s to "s p>ts ( ! cont5ts ( ! ,destir4 ,i %all t\* ^u bo? ^! que/ions4 ,x is useless to discuss :at c nev] be asc]ta9$1 :o ! au?or ( ! ,destir 04 ,b ?is "w w\ld be un9telligible )\t ! ,p]sian translation & comm5t>y4 ,silve/re de ,sacy asks3 8,are n ?is translation & ?is comm5t>y1 !mselves pseudonym\s & apocryphal books1 & is n ! :ole1 p]haps1 ! "w ( an impo/or ( ! la/ c5tury80 ,9 answ]+ ?is1 ,i %all be guid$ by ! b>on von ,hamm]1 :o wrote 8 review ( ! ,destir be=e he _h se5 t ( ! ,j\rnal des ,savans1 b1 aft] hav+ p]us$ ! latt]1 decl>$ t he _h no?+ to *ange 9 8 op9ion4 ,al?\gh ! comm5tator1 to :om ! honor ( be+ ! inv5tor ( ! ,mahabadian language is ascrib$1 foll[s 9 ! ma9 ! anci5t text ^w = ^w1 & sub/itutes commonly a new = ! obsolete =m ( ! t]m1 yet frequ5t in/ances occur 7"s ( :i* b>on von ,hamm] adduces7 :i* prove t ! int]pret] did n cle>ly und]/& ! old text1 b 9 place ( ! true mean+ gave 8 own arbitr>y int]pretation4 ,! prop] names ev5 are n always ! same4 ,besides& ?is is mo/ important! doctr9es conta9$ 9 ! ,destir & 9 ! ,comm5t>y diff] f ea* o!r4 ,9 ! books ( ! fir/ ,mahabadian k+s we f9d ! fundam5tal ideas ( ! ,ori5tal philosophy1 su* z x 0 be=e its migration f ,asia to ,europe2 b 9 ! comm5t>y we p]ceive ! developm5t ( ! ,ari/otelian s*ola/ic1 su* z x =m$ itself among ! ,asiatics1 :5 !y _h1 by means ( translations1 become acqua9t$ ) ! ,/agirite4 ,we %all rev]t to ?is subject h]eaft]4 ,:atev] x be! discrepancies betwe5 ! orig9al text & ! int]pretation1 z !y w\ld c]ta9ly h be5 avoid$ by ! au?or ( bo?1 prove t !y are ! works ( two diff]5t p]sons1 probably ) ! int]val ( a few c5turies betwe5 !m4 ,! ,p]sian translator & comm5tator is said to be ! fif? ,sassan1 :o liv$ 9 ! "t ( ! ,p]sian k+ ,khusro-,p>viz1 a contempor>y ( ! ,roman emp]or ,h]aclius1 & di$ only n9e ye>s be=e ! de/ruction ( ! anci5t ,p]sian mon>*y1 or 9 ! ye> #fdc ( our era4 ,x mu/ be presum$ t ! five ,sassans1 ! fir/ ( :om 0 a contempor>y ( ,alex&]1 #cbc ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 7 n held to be imm$iate successors to ea* o!r1 b only 9 ! same l9e ( desc5t2 o!rwise an int]val ( #idf ye>s1 f ,alex&] to ,p>viz1 compreh5d+ ! reign ( ?irty-"o ,arsacides & tw5ty-two ,sassanian pr9ces1 w\ld be giv5 to no m ?an five individuals1 :i* absurdity ought n to be attribut$ to ! comm5t>y ( ! ,destir4 ,9 g5]al1 s common is x ) ,asiatics to deal ) names ( celebrity z if !y 7 g5]ic names1 t x is v frequ5tly impossible to be positive ab\t ! true au?or ( a "w4 ,!re appe>s 9 ! pres5t case no?+ to prev5t u f plac+ ! translator & comm5tator ( ! ,destir 7:e!r a ,sassan or n7 9 ! sev5? c5tury ( our era4 ,! translation & comm5t>y ( ! ,destir are writt5 9 :at ! be/ judges consid] z v pure ,p]sian1 ?\gh anci5t1 )\t any mixture :atev] ( words ( ,arabic or ,*aldean orig91 & con=mable to ! grammatical sy/em ( mod]n ,p]sian4 ,b :5 0 ! latt] =m$8,z ! op9ion ^u ?is epo* involves t ^u ! age ( ! composition itself1 ,i %all be p]mitt$ to take a r ext5sive hi/orical view ( ?is "p ( ! "q4 ,sett+ aside ! ,mahabadian k+s m5tion$ 9 ! ,destir & ,dabi/n1 we "k t ,gil%ah1 ,ho%ang1 ,jam%id 7true ,p]sian names7 are proclaim$ by all ,ori5tali/s z f\nd]s ( ! ,p]sian empire & build]s ( r5[n$ cities 9 v remote times4 ,?is empire compris$ 9 its va/ ext5t diff]5t nations1 speak+ ?ree pr9cipal languages1 ! ,z&1 ,pehlevi1 & ,p>si4 ,among ^! nations 7 ! ,p]s1 8,p]sians10 prop]ly & di/9ctively s call$4 ,we are in=m$ by ,h]odotus#ee t !re 7 diff]5t races ( ,p]s1 ( :om he enum]ates elev54 ,^? :o inhabit$ orig9ally ,f>s1 ,f>si/an1 ,p]sis1#ef a c\ntry d\ble ! ext5t ( ,engl&1 & gave _! "n to ! :ole empire1 c]ta9ly spoke _! own idiom1 ! ,p>si or ,f>si4 ,a national language may v>y 9 its =ms1 b nev] c be de/roy$ z long z any "p ( ! nation exits2 c we d\bt t ! ,p]sians :o1 once ! ma/]s ( ,asia1 al?\gh aft]w>ds %orn ( _! p[]1 nev] ceas$ to be indep5d5t & =midable1 pres]v$ _! language to our days8 ,we may consid] z rema9s ( ! olde/ ,p]sian language1 ! prop] & o!r names ( p]sons1 places & ?+s m5tion$ by ! mo/ anci5t hi/orians2 n[1 a numb] ( su* words1 :i* occur 9 ! ,hebrew ,bible1#eg 9 ,h]odotus1 & o!r ,greek au?ors1 are mu* bett] expla9$ f mod]n ,p]sian ?an f ,z& & ,pehlevi4 ,9 ! ,arm5ian language exi/ words common to ! ,p]sian1 none common to ! ,pehlevi2#eh !re=e1 9 v remote times ,p]sian & n ,pehlevi 0 ! dom9ant idiom ( ! ,iranian nations ) :om ! ,arm5ians 7 9 relation4 ,m positive in=mation is res]v$ = po/]ity1 :5 ! cunei=m inscriptions ^u ! monum5tal rocks & ru9s1 to be f\nd 9 all directions )9 ! greate/ "p ( ,asia1 %all be deciph]$ by future philolog]s1 n p]haps possess+ great] tal5t1 b bett] means ( in=mation f all-reveal+ "t ?an ^? ( our days1 :o h already successfully begun ! great "w,grotef5d1 ,rask1 ,/4 ,m>t91 ,burn\f1 ,lass51 etc4 ,let u n[ take a ha/y review ( a few pr9cipal epo*s ( ! ,p]sian empire1 ) respect to language1 beg9n+ only f t ne>e/ ! "t1 9 :i* ,p]sia 0 se5 & describ$ by ,h]odotus1 ,ctesias1 & ,x5ophon1 n )\t ref]5ce to ! !n exi/+ national hi/orical records4 ,khosru 7,cyrus7 ! ,p]sian ,k+1 plac$ by ! ,occid5tals 9 ! sev5? c5tury be=e our era1#ei hav+ wre/$ ! sceptre f ! h&s ( ! ,m$es1 :o spoke ,pehlevi1 naturally produc$ ! asc5dancy ( 8 national idiom4 ,?is did n s9k "u 8 imm$iate successors1 ,lohrasp & ,gu%tasp4 ,al?\gh "u ! reign ( ! latt]1 :o receiv$ ,z>du%t at 8 c\rt 9 ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41#fj ! ,z& might h _h great curr5cy1 yet x c]ta9ly decl9$ aft] ,gu%tasp1 z 8 gr&son ,bahman1 ! son ( ,isf5di>1 favor$ ! cultivation ( ! ,p>si4#fa ,?is language 0 p]fect$ 9 ,baktria 7! orig9al "n ( :i* c\ntry is ,bkht]1 8,ea/10 an old ,p]sian ^w7 & 9 ! neighbor+ ,transoxiana2 !re ! t[ns ,bamian1 ! ,!bes ( ! ,ea/1 & ,balkh1 built by ,lohrasp & sanctifi$ by ,gu%tasp's fam\s ,pyrum1 besides ,m]v & ,bokhra1 7 great seats ( ,p]sian arts & sci5ces4 ,! ,p>si1 ?us ref9$1 0 dom9ant 9 all ! royal resid5ces1 :i* *ang$ accord+ to seasons & circum/ances2 x 0 spok5 at ! c\rt ( ! ,second ,d>a 7,d>ius ,codomanus71 & s\nds 9 8 own "n & t ( 8 daught]s ,sitra 7,/atira71 8/>10 & ,ro%ana 7,roxana71 8spl5dor10 :om ! un=tunate k+ resign$ ) 8 empire to ,alex&]4#fb ,?is conqu]or1 intoxicat$ ) p[]1 endeavor$ to ext]m9ate ! ,mob$s1 ! gu>dians ( ! national religion & sci5ce2 he slew _m1 b disp]s$ only ! majority4 ,f ! dea? ( ,alex&] 7#cbc ,b4 ,c47 to ! reign ( ,arde%ir ,babegan 7,artax]xes71 ! f\nd] ( ! ,sassanian dyna/y 7#bjj ,a4 ,d471 a p]iod ( m ?an five c5turies is almo/ a blank 9 ! ,p]sian hi/ory2 b :5 ! la/-m5tion$ k+1 ! reg5]ator ( ! anci5t ,iranian mon>*y1 wi%+ to re/ore its laws & lit]ature1 convok$ ! ,mob$s1 he f\nd =ty ?\s& ( !m be=e ! gate ( ! fire-temple ( ,b>pa4#fc ,ammianus ,m>cell9us1 9 ! f\r? c5tury ( our era atte/s1 t ! title ( k+ 0 9 ,d]i1 8c\rt-language10 yet ! ,pehlevi 0 spok5 concurr5tly ) x dur+ ! reigns ( ! fir/ twelve ,sassanian pr9ces1 until x 0 proscrib$ by a =mal edict ( ! ?irte5? ( !m1 ,bahram gor1 9 our fif? c5tury4 ,nu%irvan & ,p>viz1 9 ! six? c5tury1 7 bo? celebrat$ = ! protection :i* !y grant$ to arts & sci5ces4 ,we h on record a s*ool ( physic1 poetry1 rhetoric1 dialectics1 & ab/ract sci5ces1 fl\ri%+ at ,g&i sapor1 a t[n 9 ,khorasan3 ! ,p]sian mu/ h !n be5 highly cultivat$4 ,we are n[ 9 ! times ( ,muhamm$2 7 !y n ,p]sian1 ^? ,tales1 ! *>m ( :i*1 :e!r 9 ! orig9al or 9 ! translation1 0 su*1 t ! ,arabian legislator1 to c\nt]act x1 summon$ up ! p[] ( 8 high-s\nd+ heav5-inspir$ eloqu5ce1 & wrote a "p ( ! ,koran aga9/ !m8 ,if he himself _h n nam$ ! ,d]i z ! pure/ dialect ( ! ,p]sian1 :at o!r language c\ld we believe he admir$ = its extreme s(tness s mu* z to say1 t ! ,almighty us$ x :5 he wi%$ to address ! angels 9 a tone ( mildness & b5efic5ce1 :il/ he res]v$ ! ,arabic = comm&8#fd ,su* a fact1 or su* a tradition1 presupposes a ref9$1 & !re=e long-spok5 language4 ,aft] ,muhamm$'s dea?1 8 fanatic successors attempt$ to bury "u ! ru9s ( ! ,p]sian empire ev5 ! memory ( its anci5t religion & languageb !y did n succe$3 ! sacr$ fire 0 sav$ & pres]v$ beyond ! ,oxus2 x 0 rek9dl$ 9 ,baktria1 t anci5t he>? ( ,p]sian spl5dor2 !re poetry & eloqu5ce reviv$1 b c\ld n raise _! voices until pr9ces ( ,p]sian orig9 became lieut5ants ( ! ,mohamm$an khalifs4 ,x 0 "u ,nasr1 son ( ,ahm$ ! ,samanian1 9 ! beg9n+ ( our t5? c5tury1 t ,,rudigi rose1 ! fir/ celebrat$ new ,p]sian poet1 b he f\nd1 he did n create ! language1 m ?an ,hom] creat$ ,greek1 ,dante ,italian1 or ,sp5s] ,engli%4 ,a great au?or1 9 :om ! g5ius ( 8 nation is conc5trat$1 does no m ?an aptly collect into a :ole ! idiom :i* exi/s e :]e 9 p>ts1 & elicit its pre-exi/+ res\rces4 ,?us "u 8 p5 ! language c appe> to spr+ up ) all its beautiesz ,m9]va1 equipp$ 9 arm\r1 sprung =? f ! head ( ,jupit]4 ,su* be+ ! hi/orical indications relative to ! ,p]sian language1 we _c p>ticipate 9 ! d\bts ( ,silve/re de ,sacy1 nor f9d ,ersk9e#fe j 9 disda9+ ev5 to make a comm5t ^u ! cr$ibility ( ! hypo!sis 8t ! ,p]sian language 0 completely =m$ 9 ! age ( ! latt] ,sassanians40 ,x w\ld be r a matt] ( wond] t ! ,p>si1 relat$ to ! mo/ anci5t & mo/ cultivat$ language 9 ! _w1 %\ld n h be5 mu* soon] fitt$ = ! h>moni\s lays ( ,f]dusi6a matt] ( wond] inde$1 t ! ,p]sians1 :o taught ! ,arabs s mu* ( _! religionheav5 & hell1 %\ld h rema9$ beh9d !m 9 ! ref9em5t ( _! idiom6t !y1 :o c\ld sc(f at ! ,tazis z eat]s ( liz>ds1 %\ld n h possess$1 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 a language to cont5d ) t p1 :o !mselves possess$ celebrat$ poets long be=e ,muhamm$6#ff ,x is = ev] regrettable t ov]p[]+ ,muhamm$ism %\ld h spoil$ ! orig9al admirable simplicity ( "o ( ! s(te/ languages 9 ! _w1 by ! intrusion ( ! sonor\s b h>%] words ( ,arabic1 & impos$ ^u u ! heavy tax ( le>n+ two languages = und]/&+ "o2 b1 z ! translation ( ! ,destir is free f words ( an ,arabic or ,*aldean orig91 %\ld we n fairly conclude1 t x 0 execut$ be=e ! ,muhamm$an conque/ ( ,p]sia8 ,s did ,norris1 & s ,ersk9e,i c b ?9kw\ld h done1 if 8 judgm5t & p5etration1 usually s "r & acute1 _h n be5 prepossess$ by ! idea ( an impo/ure1 :i* he _h assum$ z prov$ or self-evid5t1 :il/ ?is 0 ! v po9t ( conte/ation4 ,?us1 8! v fre$om f words ( =eign gr[?1 :i* ! le>n$ natives consid] z a m>k ( au!nticity1 appe>$ to him ! pro( ( an artificial & fabricat$ /yle40 ,if ev5 !re are "s ,arabic words to be f\nd 9 ! text & ! translation ( ! ,destir1 ?is af=ds no fair inf]5ce t ^! works _h n be5 compos$ be=e ! ,arabs conqu]$ ,p]sia1 because ^? words might h come f ,pehlevi1 9 :i* !re is a mixture ( ,arabic1 & !re are also ,p]sian words 9 ! ,koran2 mo/ naturally1 z !re subsi/$ f times immemorial relations betwe5 ,p]sia & ,arabia4 ,:at ,i h said w1 if ,i am n mi/ak51 suffici5tly ju/ify ! conclusion1 t ! ,p]sian idiom c\ld 9 ! sev5? c5tury h atta9$ ! regul>ity & =m ( ! pres5t ,p]sian1 su* at lea/1 z x appe>s 9 ! ,comm5t>y ( ! ,destir1 n )\t a v p]ceptible t9cture ( obsolet5ess4 ,i ne$ sc>ce rem>k t ! title asmni1 8heav5ly10 belongs exclusively to ! sup]/iti\s admiration ) :i* ! ,destir is view$4 ,nor are its fifte5 books to be tak5 = sacr$ works ( s _m prophets :o succe$$ ea* o!r aft] su* long int]vals ( "t2 yet no?+ prev5ts u1 z ,i hope to %[1 f believ+ "s p>ts ( !m v anci5t4 ,nei!r are ^! ( ! same antiquity4 ,?us1 prophecies :i* are c]ta9ly int]polations made aft] ! ev5ts1 occur 9 !m1 n o!rwise ?an 9 ! ,indian ,purnas1 ! fundam5tal p>ts ( :i* are nev]!less n[ admitt$ to be z anci5t z ! ,v$as !mselves4 ,we f9d 9 ! two la/ books ( ! ,destir are m5tion$3 ! conte/ betwe5 ! ,abbasides & ! desc5dants ( ,ali2 ! adoption ( ,muhamm$ism by almo/ ! totality ( ,iran2 inimical sects1 & ! p[] ( ! ,turcomans sup]s$+ t ( ! ,arabs2 ! latt] p>ts mu/ c]ta9ly h be5 compos$ aft] ! tak+ ( ,bagdd by ,hulogu 9 #abeh ( our era4 ,! fifte5? book ( ! ,destir is probably apocryphal4 ,z to ! doctr9e ( ! ,destir1 ,ersk9e says3#fg 8,i consid] t ! :ole ( ! peculi> doctr9es1 ascrib$ to ,mahabad & ,ho%ang1 is borr[$ f ! my/ical doctr9es ( ! ,p]sian ,sfis1 & f ! ascetic t5ets & practices ( ! ,yogis & ,sanyasis1 ( ,india :o drew _m ( _! op9ions f ! ,v$anta-s*ool40 ,b ?is involves ! great hi/orical "q1 conc]n+ ! orig9 ( ,sfism & ! :ole ,indian philosophy1 :i* is by "s 7n )\t f\ndation7 believ$ to h be5 spread ?r\gh\t a great "p ( ,asia4 ,x is q gratuit\s1 ,i may say1 to reg>d !m 8z hav+ _h no exi/5ce be=e ! "t ( ,az> ,kaivan#fh & 8 disciples 9 ! reigns ( ,akb> & ,jehanguir1 & z hav+ be5 devis$ & r$uc$ into =m betwe5 #bjj & #cjj ye>s ago 9 ! s*ool ( ,sipasi-philosoph]s40 ,nor c ,i admit z bett] f\nd$ ! foll[+ ins9uations ( ! same +5i\s critic3 8,nor %all ,i inquire :e!r _m ( ! acute metaphysical rem>ks t ab\nd 9 ! comm5t>y & ! g5]al /yle ( argum5t :i* x employs h n r proce$$ f ! s*oolm5 ( ! ,we/1 ?an directly f ! ,ori5tal or ,ari/otelian philosophy40 ,to ?is may be answ]$3 ,x is highly problematic1 :e!r ! translator ( ! ,destir ev] knew any s*oolman ( ! ,we/1 b x is c]ta9 t he1 z an ,asiatic & a ,p]sian1 knew ! ,ori5tal philosophy1 ! fundam5tals ( :i* 7 pres]v$ 9 ! fir/ books ( ! ,destir1 z we h already said2 b ! comm5tator c\ld b p>ticipate 9 ! modification1 :i* ! anci5t doctr9e _h und]gone 9 8 age1 aft] its return f ! ,we/ to ! ,ea/1 9 translations ( ,greek philosophical works into ,asiatic languages4 ,?us1 9 ! ,destir & its comm5t>y,i borr[ ! words ( b>on von ,hamm]38,we see already g]m9at+ ! d\ble se$ ( reason & light1 f :i* sprung up ! d\ble tree ( rational & ideal philosophy10#fi :i* spread its ramifications ov] ! :ole _w1 & lives & fl\ri%es ev5 9 our times4 ,! comm5tator 0 no ord9>y man3 liv+1 z we may believe1 9 ! fir/ half ( ! sev5? c5tury1 he possess$ ! sci5ces ( 8 le>n$ age2 fl\ri%+ "u ! reign ( k+ ,khosru ,p>viz1 :o pr(ess$ ! anci5t ,p]sian religion 9 8 lett] to a ,roman emp]or ( ! ,ea/1#gj & tore to pieces ,muhamm$'s writt5 invitation to adopt ,islam#ga2 9 ?is yet un%ak5 /ate ( national indep5d5ce1 ! fif? ,sassan pres]v$ pure 8 cre$ & /yle f ! influ5ce ( ! ,arabian prophet4 ,! translator & comm5tator ( ! ,destir says ( himself3#gb 8,i too h writt5 a celebrat$ book "u ! "n ( ,d giti1 #8! two worlds'1 full ( admirable wisdom1 :i* ,i h d]iv$ f ! mo/ exalt$ intellig5ce1 & 9 ! em95t book ( ! fam\s prophet1 ! ,k+ ( ,k+s1 ,jem%id1 !re is a great deal1 conc]n+ ! unity :i* only di/+ui%$ ,asceties 7,h]tasp7 c compreh5d1 & on ! subject ( ?is transc5dant k ,i h also compos$ a great volume ,p]t e/n1 #8! mansion ( light1' :i* ,i h adorn$ by evid5ce d$uc$ f reason1 & by texts f ! ,destir & ,ave/a1 s t ! s\l ( e man may d]ive pleasure f x4 ,& x is "o ( ! books ( ! secrets ( ! great ,god40 ,?is is a mo/ important decl>ation4 ,! comm5tator consid]$ ! ,destir & ! ,ave/a z s\rces ( delight ,,to ,,all ,,m54 ,& he 0 "r4 ,! doctr9e ( ! =m] "w n[ "u consid]ation is f\nd e :]e1 n d5i$ ei!r by ! anci5ts or mod]ns2 x is ! prop]ty ( mank9d4 ,z su*1 8x does n belong to any p>ticul> tribe or nation30 9 :i* po9t1 al?\gh 9 q ano!r s5se1 we agree ) ,ersk9e1 b we may diss5t f ! le>n$ au?or1 :5 he taxes x to be 8a religi\s or philosophical impo/ure1 :i* ne$$ ! support ( a fabricat$ language40 ,aft] c>eful exam9ation1 ,i mu/ consci5ti\sly decl>e1 ,i discov] no impo/ure aim$ at by any artifice2 !re 0 no secret to be conceal$2 no?+ to be disguis$2 ! ,mahabadian religion is z op5 z its temple1 ! vault ( heav51 & z cle> z ! lights1 flam+ 9 _! e!real attitudes2 its book is a sort ( cate*ism ( ,asiatic religion2 its pray] a litany ( ,ori5tal devotion1 9 :i* any man may jo9 8 voice4 ,?us h ,i endeavor$1 to ! be/ ( my p[]1 to exhibit fai?fully :at has hi!rto be5 alleg$ = & aga9/ ! au!nticity ( ! book1 :i* is "o ( ! pr9cipal au?orities ( ! ,dabi/n4 ,if ! au?or ( ?is latt] "w 01 z ! (t5-quot$ +5u\s au?or supposes1 89 /rict intimacy ) ! sects ( en?usia/s by :om ! ,destir 0 v5]at$1 & ^: rule x 010 we may s mu* ! m rely ^u ! tru? ( 8 acc\nt conc]n+ su* a religi\s association4 ,if he pr(ess$ ! new religion1 :i* ! emp]or ,akb> _h endeavor$ to f\nd1 z ?is 0 a revival ( ! anci5t ,p]sian religion1 we may reasonably presume1 t he w\ld h se>*$1 & br\ght to light writ+s conc]n+ x :i* 7 conceal$1 neglect$1 or little kn[n2 he w\ld h cauti\sly scrut9iz$ ! au!nticity ( ! docum5ts1 & consci5ti\sly respect$ ! sacr$ s\rces ( t fai?1 :i*1 aft] a c>eful exam9ation ( all o!rs1 des]v$ 8 pref]5ce2 no?+ ju/ifies ! supposition1 t he w\ld =ge any ?+ himself1 or c\nt5ance1 or n be able to detect1 ! =g]y ( o!rs4 ,h[ev] ?is be1 ,mohsan ,fani's "* w be be/ kn[n by ! p]usal ( 8 "w2 aft] a rapid synopsis ( its cont5ts1 to :i* ,i w n[ proce$1 ,i %all be p]mitt$ to po9t out1 z briefly z possible1 "s ( ! m]its & defects conspicu\s 9 8 composition4 #bj ,see note1 vol4 ,i4 p4 #bj4 #ba ,ibid41 p4 #dd4 #bb ,calcutta edition1 p4 #cj1 l9e #f4 #bc ,see vol4 ,i4 p4 #ecd4 #bd ,ibid41 p4 #fe4 #be ,m4 ,eugne ,burn\f1 to ^: mo/ valuable judgm5t ,i _h ! pleasure to submit ! "q1 pref]s ! d]ivation f bh%1 because ?is ^w 9 ,z5d w\ld be w%1 z ! ,z5d w repres5ts exactly ! ,sanscrit bh1 :i* aspiration did n exi/ 9 ! anci5t idiom ( ,bactrian ,asia4 ,?is sagaci\s philolog] h9t$ at a comp>ison ) ! ,p]sian u/a1 or awe/a1 ^u :i* 9 a subsequ5t note4 #bf ,see ! ,p]sian text ( ! ,dastir1 p4 #cgg4 #bg ,tableau de l',empire ottoman1 by ,m4 d',ohson1 t4 ,,ii4 p4 #gj4 #bh ,j\rnal des ,savans1 fvri] #ahba1 p4 #gd4 ,! ,p]sian passage :i* de ,sacy quotes1 & 9 :i* !re is ,de/nir = ,dastir1 is tak5 f ! text publi%$ by ,gladw91 & n f ! pr9t$ ,calcutta edition4 #bi ,see ,asiatic ,j\rnal & ,mon?ly ,regi/] = ,briti% ,india & its ,dep5d5cies1 vol4 ,,viii41 f ,july to ,dec4 #ahai1 p4 #ceg4 #cj ,! ,destir1 or sacr$ writ+s ( ! anci5t ,p]sian prophets 9 ! orig9al tongue2 ) ! anci5t ,p]sian v]sion1 & comm5t>y ( ! fif? ,sasan2 publi%$ by ,mulla ,firuz ,b9-i-,kaus4 ,bombay1 #ahah4 ,mulla ,firuz is suppos$ to possess ! only copy ( ! ,destir extant4 ,he all[$ sir ,john ,malcolm to take a copy ( x1 :i*1 by "s accid5t1 0 lo/ by ,doctor ,leyd57,see ,transact4 ( ! ,lit4 ,soc4 ( ,bombay1 pp4 #cdb & #cdi74 #ca ,mohsan ,fani m>ks ! "t ( 8 compos+ ! ,dabi/an 7vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #ej7 to be ! ye> ( ! ,hejira #ajee 7,a4 ,d4 #afde74 #cb ,see ,j\rnal des ,savans1 ,no4 = ,janu>y1 #ahba1 p4 #af4 #cc ,lucretius1 book ,v41 ,transl4 ( ,dr4 ,cree*3 8 put>e aliquem tum nom9a di/ribuisse ,rebus1 et inde hom9es didicisse vocabula prima ,desip]e e/40 #cd ,ri*>dson's ,diction>y1 preface1 lxvii4 #ce ,?is man1 :o nev] told 8 true "n1 0 f ! age ( fifte5 to sev5te5 a private tea*]!n pass$ = an ,iri%manw5t to ,rome z a pilgrim ) a habit /ol5 f be=e an alt> :]e x 0 ly+ z a votive (f]+ ( ano!r pilgrimw&]$ ab\t 9 ,g]many1 ,brabant1 ,fl&]sindol5t1 abject1 %ameless1 cov]$ ) v]m9 & soresent]$ ! milit>y s]vice ( ,holl&1 :i* he left to become wait] 9 a c(fee-h\se 9 ,aix-la-,*apelleenli/$ 9 ! troops ( ! elector ( ,cologne4 ,he act$ all ^! p>ts1 ) ^? above-m5tion$1 be=e he 0 baptis$ "u ! "n ( ,george1 by a ,scot* cl]gyman1 &1 hav+ le>n$ ,engli%1 pass$ ov] to ,engl& to be protect$ by ,compton1 ! "l-bi%op ( ,london4 ,at ! exp5se ( ! latt]1 he /udi$ at ,ox=dbecame a preceptor*apla9 ( a regim5tfell back into indol5ce1 & liv$ ^u alms47,see ,a ,new & ,g5]al ,diction>y1 ,london1 #agih1 vol4 ,,xii2 & ,vie de plusieurs ,p]sonnages clbres des ,temps anci5s et mod]nes1 p> ,c4 ,a4 ,walck5a]1 membre de l',in/itut1 tome ,,ii4 #ahcj47 #cf ,?is *ange took place 9 8 ?irty-second ye>he le>n$ ,hebrew & became an hone/ man1 e/eem$ by ,samuel ,johnson2 he wrote elev5 articles 9 a well-kn[n "w1 ! ,univ]sal ,hi/ory1 & 8 own ,life at ! age ( sev5ty-?ree ye>s2 ! latt] "w 0 publi%$ aft] 8 dea?1 :i* happ5$ 9 8 eighty-f\r? ye>1 9 #agfc4 #cg ,see ,notices et ,extraits des ,manuscrits1 vol4 ,,ix4 pp4 #cfe-cif4 #ch ,i am "h apply+ to ! =g] ( a language :at ,lucretius1 9 cont9uation ( 8 above quot$ v]ses 7p4 xxx71 urges aga9/ ! belief t a s+le individual c\ld ev] h be5 ! inv5tor ( human spee*4 #ci ,by ,norris1 ,asiatic ,j\rnal1 vol4 ,,ix41 ,novemb]1 #ahbj1 p4 #dcj4 #dj ,j\rnal des ,savans1 ,febru>y1 #ahba1 pp4 #fi-gj4 #da ,see ,transact4 ( ! ,lit4 ,soc4 ( ,bombay1 vol4 ,,ii43 8,on ! ,au!nticity ( ! ,destir1 ) rem>ks on ! ,acc\nt ( ! ,mahabadi ,religion conta9$ 9 ! ,dabi/an10 by ,william ,ersk9e1 esq41 p4 #cfj4 #db ,! ,asiatic ,j\rnal & ,mon?ly ,regi/] = ,briti% ,india & its ,dep5d5cies1 ,novemb4 #ahbj1 p4 #dba et seq4 #dc ,! "w quot$1 p4 #cfj4 #dd ,! ,asiatic ,j\rnal1 ,novemb]1 #ahbj1 p4 #dba et seq4 #de ,an ,essay on ! be/ means ( asc]ta9+ ! aff9ities ( ,ori5tal languages1 by b>on ,w4 ,humboldt1 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,royal ,asiatic ,society ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&1 vol4 ,,ii4 "p ,i4 p4 #bac4 #df ,colonel ,h>riot on ! ,ori5tal ,orig9 ( ! ,gypsies4 ,ibid41 #eah4 #dg ,ersk9e1 loco cit41 p4 #cgb4 #dh ,see ,rflexions sur l'tude des ,langues asiatiques1 adresses sir ,james ,mack9to%4 ,bonn1 #ahcb1 pp4 #ea-eb4 #di ,see ,asiatic ,rese>*es1 vol4 ,,viii4 ,lond4 ed4 #h4 p4 #bed4 #ej ,see ,heidelb]g] ,jahrb*] d] ,lit]at> ,vom ,jnn] te ,juni #ahbc1 ,n #f4 #ab4 #ac4 #ah4 #bj4 #ea ,see ,j\rnal asiatique1 tome ,,xii4 juillet #ahcc1 pp4 #bd-bf4 #eb ,ibidem1 pp4 #bj-ba4 ,d]i 0 spok5 on ! o!r side ( ! ,oxus1 & at ! foot ( ! ,p>opamisus 9 ,balkh1 ,m]u1 9 ! ,badakh%an1 9 ,bokh>a & ,bamian4 ,! ,pehlevi 0 us$ 9 ,m$ia prop]1 9 ! t[ns ( ,rai1 ,hamadan1 ,ispahan1 ,nehaw5d1 & ,tabriz1 ! capital ( ,az> bjn4,beside ! ,d]i & ,pehlevi1 ,p]sian diction>ies reckon five o!r dialects1 altoge!r twelve dialects1 ( anci5t & mod]n ,p]sian4 #ec ,?oluck4 ,sufismus1 sive ,!osophia ,pan!i/ica1 p4 #aaa4 #ed ,norris1 ,asiatic ,j\rnal1 ,novemb]1 #ahbj1 p4 #dcj4 #ee ,clio1 lib4 ,i4 #ef ,9 ! ,bible x is call$ ,p>as1 or ,f>as1 & reckon$ z ext5sive z ,great & ,little ,arm5ia1 or z ,hung>y1 ,transylvania1 ,slavonia1 ,croatia1 & ,dalmatia toge!r47,see ,gatt]]'s ,weltges*i*te ,,iit] ,!il1 ,seite #i47 #eg ,9 ! books ( ,ezra1 ,nehemiah1 & ,e/h]4 #eh ,see ,obs]vations sur les ,monum5s hi/oriques de l'anci5ne ,p]se1 p> ti5ne ,quatremre4 ,j\rnal des ,savans1 ju9 et juillet #ahdj1 pp4 #cdg-cdh4 #ei ,! ,ori5tals place him 9 ! t5? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 #fj ,accord+ to ,ri*>dson 7see ! preface ( 8 ,dict41 p4 vi71 ! ,f>si 0 peculi>ly cultivat$ by ! great & le>n$1 above #abjj ye>s be=e ! ,muhamm$an era1 i4 e4 above #fjj ye>s ,b4 ,c41 :i* epo* is commonly assign$ to ,gu%tasp's reign4 #fa ,see ,hamm]'s ,s*ne ,r$ekn/e ,p]si5s1 ,seite #c et seq4 #fb ,/rabo1 :o fl\ri%$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 & drew 8 in=mation mo/ly f ! hi/orians ( ,alex&]1 ref]s probably to ! "t ( ! ,mac$onian conque/1 :5 he says 7xv4 #b1 #h1 fol4 #gbd1 edit4 ,cas473 t ! ,m$ians1 ,p]sians1 ,arians1 ,baktrians1 & ,sogdians spoke almo/ ! same language4 ,?is probably 0 t ( ! !n lead+ nation1 ! ,p]sian4 #fc ,hamm]1 loc4 cit41 p4 #g4 #fd ,works ( sir ,w4 ,jones1 vol4 ,v4 p4 #dbf1 ,transactions ( ! ,lit]>y ,society ( ,bombay1 vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #big4 #fe ,loco cit41 p4 #cfc4 #ff ,see ! preface to ! mo/ valuable "w ,le ,divan d',amro'lkais1 p> le b>on ,mac ,guck9 de ,slane1 ,p>is1 #ahcg1 pp4 viii & ix4 ,! le>n$ au?or confirms t celebrat$ ,arabian poems exi/$ be=e ! introduction ( ! ,muhamm$an religion1 :i*1 = a c]ta9 "t1 av]t$ ! ,arabs f ! cultivation ( poetry & hi/ory4 ,we %all "h add 7:i* w\ld h be5 m appropriately plac$ 9 ! note ^u ,amro'l,kais1 9 vol4 ,,iii p4 #fe1 & w correct ! same7 t ?is poet 7see loc4 cit41 p4 xvi et seq47 fl\ri%$ at an epo* ant]ior to ,muhamm$1 & di$ probably be=e ! bir? ( t extraord9>y man4 #fg ,loco citato1 p4 #cgb4 #fh ,see vol4 ,i4 pp4 #hg et seq4 #fi ,heidelb]g] ,jahrb*]1 loc4 cit4 ,seite #cac4 #gj ,! ,dabi/n 7see ,p]s4 text1 ,calcutta edit41 p4 #fi1 & ,engli% transl41 vol4 ,i4 p4 #ade7 quotes v]ses conta9+ ?is pr(ession1 address$ by ,khosru ,p>viz to a ,roman emp]or1 ^: "n1 h[ev]1 is n m5tion$4 ,dur+ ! reign ( ?is ,p]sian k+1 two emp]ors rul$ 9 ! ,ea/1 namely1 ,mauritius1 ^: daught] ,p>viz m>ri$1 & ,h]aclius1 by :om he 0 defeat$ t[>ds ! end ( 8 life4 ,i f\nd x probable1 b _h no au?ority to ass]t 7see vol4 ,i4 p4 #ade1 note #b71 t ! above-/at$ pr(ession 0 made to ,mauritius2 b ^? v]ses by !mselves des]ve att5tion1 z !y e/abli% ! adh]5ce ( ,p>viz to ! religion ( ,ho%ang1 9 contradiction to sev]al hi/orians1 accord+ to :om he adopt$ ,*ri/ianity3 ?is ass]tion seems f\nd$ ^u 8 great atta*m5t to ! celebrat$ ,m>y1 or ,*irn1 8 ,*ri/ian wife1 & daught] ( a ,*ri/ian emp]or1 ! said ,mauritius4 #ga ,muhamm$1 :5 in=m$ ( ! ignom9i\s reception :i* ! ,p]sian k+ gave to 8 lett] & ambassador1 said3 8,god w te> 8 empire1 z he tore my lett]1 to pieces407,h]belot47 #gb ,! ,destir1 p4 #ii4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,synopsis ,,( ,,! ,,dyna/ies1 ,,religions1 ,,sects1 ,,& ,,philosophic ,,op9ions1 ,,treat$ ,,( ,,9 ,,! ,,dabi/an4 ,i4,,! ,,fir/ ,,religion,,! ,,dyna/ies ,,( ,,mahabad1 ,,abad ,,az>1 ,,%ai ,,abad1 ,,%ai ,,giliv1 ,,%ai ,,mahbul1 ,,& ,,yasan4 ,mohsan ,fani exhibits ! rem>kable notions1 dogmas1 cu/oms1 & c]emonies ( twelve religions1 & _! v>i\s sects1 )\t giv+ m ( _! orig9 & g5esis ?an ! names ( _! f\nd]s4 ,! v fir/ pr9ciple ( all religion is ref]r$1 by "s1 to a primitive ,div9e revelation2 by o!rs1 to a natural prop5sity ( ! human m9d to sup]/ition4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 hi/ory confirms ! sugge/ions ( psy*ology1 t admiration 0 "o ( ! pr9cipal s\rces ( religi\s feel+s2 h[ %\ld man n be /ruck ) ! glories ( ! sky8 ,!re=e1 ! adoration ( />s 0 "o ( ! mo/ anci5t religions4 ,x ne$$ no prophet3 x is 8! poetry ( heav510 impr9t$ 9 et]nal *>act]s ( fire ^u ! e!real expanse4 ,prome!us1 enum]at+ ! b5efits :i* he be/[$ ^u untutor$ b>b>ians1 says3#gc 8 ,at r&om all _! works ,till ,i in/ruct$ !m to m>k ! />s1 ,_! ris+1 &1 a h>d] sci5ce yet1 ,_! sett+40#gd ,accord+ to all traditions1 a/ronomy 0 "o ( ! fir/ sci5ces cultivat$ by m54#ge ,! />s n only occasion$ ! in/itution1 b also s]v$ to ann\nce ! regul> return1 ( religi\s fea/s2 ?us !y became1 z call$ by ,plato1 8! in/rum5ts ( "t10 m5 7 at once induc$ & taught by religion to c\nt mon?s & ye>s4 ,a/ronomy1 9 h] fea/-cal5d>s1 consecrat$ ^u an alt> ! fir/ fruits ( h] labors4 ,^u ! />-pav$ pa? ( heav5 man 0 conduct$ to ! sanctu>y ( ! supreme ,be+4 ,9 g5]al1 ! fir/ feel+ ( 8! ,div9e 7 710 seiz+ ! human m9d ) its own sup]natural p[]1 elevat$ x at once above ! mat]ial conc]ns ( ! ne!r _w2 ?us1 sublime ideas ( ! ,deity1 ! univ]se1 & ! immortality ( ! s\l prec$$ ! inv5tion ( _m arts & sci5ces relative to ! com=ts ( social life4 ,?is is confirm$ by ! acc\nt1 conta9$ 9 ! ,dabi/n1 ( ! mo/ anci5t religion ( ! ,p]sians1 :i* is f\nd$ ^u transc5d5tal ideas ( ! ,div9ity3 8,except ,god himself1 :o c compreh5d 8 orig98 ,entity1 unity1 id5tity are insep>able prop]ties ( ?is orig9al ess5ce1 & are n adv5titi\s to ,him40 ,s ! ,destir1 ) :i* ! ,dabi/n g5]ally s fully agrees1 t we c sc>ce d\bt t ! au?or ( ! latt] _h ! =m] be=e 8 eyes4 ,no soon] has man acquir$ ! consci\sness ( m5tal fre$om1 ?an he endeavors to exp& beyond himself ! fir/ vague feel+ ( ! ,div9e2 n satisfi$ to admire all ext]ior m>vel1 he desires to und]/& & to "n its int]ior mov+ cause3 ?is is some?+ immat]ial2 x is a s\l1 su* z acts 9 himself4 ,among ! anci5t ,iranians1 ! 8fir/ creation ( ! exi/5ce-be/[+ b\nty0 0 ! intellectual pr9ciple1 call$ ,azad ,bahman1 8! fir/ intellig5ce20 he is also ! fir/ angel2 f him o!r spirits or angels proce$4 ,e />1 e heav5ly sph]e has its p>ticul> intellig5ce & _s or angel4 ,9 ! l[] region1 ea* ( ! f\r elem5ts owns its p>ticul> gu>dian2 vegetables1 m9]als1 animals h _! protect+ angels2 ! cons]vative angel ( mank9d is ,f>un ,f>o ,vak%ur4 ,x is n )\t reason1 t ?is religion 0 call$ 8! religion ( light40 ,z ! supreme ,be+ 8,s['d ) />s ! heav'n ?ick z ! field40#gf ,s also he peopl$ ! va/ ext5t ) ! 8sons ( light1 ! empyreal ho/ ( angels10 :o n only mov$ & gov]n$ ! cele/ial orbs1 b also desc5d$ into ! elem5tal regions to direct1 promote1 & protect 8 creation4 ,n a drop ( dew fell )\t an angel4 ,! ,h9dus & ,greeks animat$ univ]sal nature2 ! ,p]sians imp>adiz$ ! :ole creation by mak+ x ! abode ( angels4 ,h5ce demonology 9 all its ext5t4 ,b1 8among ! mo/ respl5d5t1 p[]ful1 & glori\s ( ! s]vants :o are free f inf]ior bodies & matt]1 !re is none ,god's enemy or rival1 or disob$i5t1 or ca/ d[n1 or annihilat$40 ,?is important passage ( ! ,destir#gg ,i %all h occasion to ref] to h]eaft]4 ,human s\ls are et]nal & inf9ite2 !y come f above1 & are spirits ( ! upp] sph]es4 ,if di/+ui%$ = k & sanctity1 :ile on e>?1 !y return above1 are unit$ ) ! sun1 & become empyreal sov]eigns2 b if ! proportion ( _! good works bore a clos] aff9ity to any o!r />1 !y become lords ( ! place assign$ to t />2 _! /ations are 9 con=mity ) ! degrees ( _! virtue2 p]fect m5 atta9 ! beatific vision ( ! light ( lights1 & ! *]ub9e ho/s ( ! supreme ,"l4 ,vice & depravity1 on ! contr>y1 sep>ate s\ls f ! primitive s\rce ( light1 & *a9 !m to ! abode ( ! elem5ts3 !y become evil spirits4 ,! imp]fectly good migrate f "o body to ano!r1 until1 by ! efficacy ( good words & actions1 !y are f9ally emancipat$ f matt]1 & ga9 a high] rank4 ,! ?or\ghly-deprav$ desc5d f ! human =m to animal bodies1 to vegetable1 & ev5 to m9]al sub/ances4 ,s f> we see ! well-kn[n dogma ( transmigration +5i\sly comb9$ ) ! ,sid]eal religion4 ,"h is exhibit$ a s+ul> sy/em ( heav5ly dom9ion1 ma9ta9$ by e />1 :e!r fix$ or planet>y1 dur+ p]iods ( _m ?\s& ye>s4 ,a fix$ /> beg9s ! revolution1 & reigns alone1 ! k+ ( ! cycle1 dur+ a mill5ium1 aft] :i*1 ea* ( ! fix$ & planet>y />s becomes its p>tn] or prime-m9i/] = a ?\s& ye>s2 ! la/ ( all is ! moon1 = a mill5ium4 ,!n ! sov]eignty ( ! fir/ k+ devolves to ! /> :i* 0 its fir/ associate4 ,?is second k+ goes ?r\gh ! same c\rse z ! fir/1 until ?is becomes = a ?\s& ye>s 8 p>tn]1 & !n 8 p]iod is also pa/4 ,! same is ! c\rse ( all o!r />s4 ,:5 ! moon %all h be5 k+1 & all />s associat$ ) x & its reign too pa/1 !n "o great p]iod %all be accompli%$4 ,! /ate ( ! revolv+ _w recomm5ces1 ! human be+s1 animals1 vegetables1 & m9]als1 :i* exi/$ dur+ ! fir/ cycle1 are re/or$ to _! =m] language1 acts1 dispositions1 species1 & appe>ances2 ! _w is r5ovat$1 t is to say1 =ms1 simil> to ^? :i* pass$ away1 reappe>4 ,?is sy/em1 copi$ f ! ,destir1#gh expresses no?+ else b ! g5]al vague idea ( long heav5ly revolutions1 & p]iodical r5ovations ( ! same ord] ( ?+s 9 ! ne!r _w4 ,! ,dabi/n#gi adds a mode ( comput+ z peculi> to ! foll[]s ( ! anci5t fai?3 !y call "o revolution ( ! reg5t ,saturn a day2 ?irty su* days "o mon?2 twelve su* mon?s "o ye>2 a million ( su* ye>s "o f>d2 a million f>d "o v>d2 a million v>d "o m>d2 a million v>d "o jad2 ?ree ?\s& jads "o vad2 & two ?\s& vd "o zd4 ,to ^! ,i mu/ subjo9 salam1 %am>1 asp>1 radah1 aradah1 raz1 araz1 bi>az1 t is1 eight memb]s ( a geometric progression1 ! fir/ ( :i* is #ajj1jjj1 & ! coeffici5t #ajj4 ,b ^! ye>s are revolutions1 call$ f>sals1 ( ?irty common ye>s ea*4 ,!re are besides f>sals ( ,m>s1 ,v5us1 ,m]cury1 & ! moon1 a day ( ea* be+ ! "t ( _! respective revolution4 ,i ?\ght x necess>y to repeat ^! extravagant numb]s1 because x is by !m t ! reigns ( ! fir/ anci5t dyna/ies are measur$4#hj ,! fir/ e>?ly rul] ( ! pres5t cycle1 :o ) 8 wife surviv$ ! great p]iod to become ! fir/ ance/or ( a new innum]able population1 0 ,mahabada4 ,?is "n seems ( ,sanscrit d]ivation4#ha ,9 8 reign we f9d trac$ ! fir/ gr\nd-l9es ( all human societies2 agriculture & ! arts ( life are inv5t$2 villages & cities organis$2 f\r classes ( society e/abli%$prie/s1 w>riors1 agriculturi/s1 & tradesm54 ,! names ( ^! classes are 9 ! ,dabi/n mu* l ^? ( ! f\r ,h9du ca/es1 b ! ,destir & ! ,%ahnamah h o!r d5om9ations1 belong+ to an anci5t ,p]sian dialect1#hb = ^! divisions1 :i* orig9at$ 9 ! indisp5sable wants ( a ris+ society4 ,?is in/itution connects itself ) ! pr9ciples ( social morality3 m5 are b\nd to ea* o!r by ! laws ( ju/ice & mutual k9dness1 :i* is ext5d$ ev5 to all innoxi\s creatures4 ,to ,mahabad ! ,destir 0 s5t1 a cele/ial code1 & 8 fai? 0 ma9ta9$ ?r\gh ! :ole s]ies ( 8 f\rte5 successors2 ! numb] ( :om rem9ds u ( ! f\rte5 ,indian ,manus2 !y are said to h reign$ six hundr$ & six trillions ( ye>s4 ,to ! ,mahabadians succe$$ ,abad ,az>1 :o soon )drew f gov]nm5t1 & devot$ himself to solitude & piety4 ,aft] him1 ! hi!rto =tunate /ate ( society *ang$ into w>1 confusion1 & an>*y4 ,8 son1 ,jai ,afram1 0 call$ to ! ?rone1 & re/or$ peace & ord] 9 ! _w1 giv+ 8 "n to a new dyna/y4 ,aft] ?is1 f\r o!r pr9cely families are nam$1 t ( ,%ai ,abad1 ,%ai ,giliv1 ,%ai ,mahbul1 & ,yasan4#hc ,i %all n c\nt ! _m millions ( ye>s dur+ :i* !y rul$2 all t is said ( _! reigns appe>s no?+ b a repetition ( ! fir/2 a p]iod ( peace1 ord]1 & happ9ess is foll[$ by w>1 disord]1 & mis]y1 until a revolution r5ews ! /ate ( ?+s4 ,su* traditions ( a progress & regress 9 virtue & happ9ess1 & ( repeat$ *anges f "o condition to ano!r1 are n de/itute ( g5]al tru?4 ,! moral is n1 m ?an ! physical _w1 exempt f revolutions4 ,^!1 al?\gh _! date _c be det]m9$1 h left beh9d !m und5iable traces1 & )\t a ref]5ce to !m1 we c\ld n expla9 s mu* ( ! /rang5ess1 incoh]5ce1 & het]og5eity 9 ! hi/ory ( m5 & nature4 ,?us ,i h slightly sket*$ ! pr9cipal features ( ! religion :i* prevail$ among ! fir/ ,p]sian dyna/ies2 ^!1 n m5tion$ 9 o!r hi/orical books1 are we "k peculi> to ! ,destir & ,dabi/n1 :i* appe>$ to sir ,w4 ,jones an unexceptionable au?ority = believ+ ! ,iranian mon>*y 8! olde/ 9 ! _w40 ,^u ?is1 ,w4 ,ersk9e rem>k$3#hd 8,%all ,i be =giv5 = say+1 t ! hi/ory ( lett]s seems to me sc>cely to af=d an in/ance ( a m p]v]t$ judgm5t on hi/orical evid5ce80 ,silve/re de ,sacy#he too 8bani%es among ! mo/ absurd fables ! dyna/ies ( ! ,mahabadians1 & ( _! successors1 :i* sir ,william ,jones1 & aft] him "s o!r ,ori5tali/s1 h too ha/ily adopt$1 & ( :i* !y w\ld to-day blu%1 s9ce _! titles h be5 produc$40 ,m rec5tly1 ,william von ,s*legel#hf said3 8,x w\ld be useless to conceal to ! public t t le>n$ man1 end[$ ) tal5ts s r>e1 0 totally defici5t 9 hi/orical criticism30 ,?is 0 inf]r$1 because he _h admitt$1 & us$ 9 "s ( 8 consid]ations1 z g5u9e1 a =g]y ( ,wil=d's ,p&it4 ,besides1 8he receiv$ )\t diffid5ce1 & ev5 welcom$ ) en?usiasm1 ! traditions conta9$ 9 ! ,dabi/n1 a mod]n ,p]sian book1 writt5 ) ! int5tion to claim = ,p]sia ! pre-em95ce ov] ,india ) respect to ! antiquity ( religi\s revelations40 ,z to 8! int5tion0 m5tion$1 ,i hope to be able to ju/ify ,mohsan ,fani4 ,) respect to ! ,mahabadian dyna/ies! light rec5tly acquir$ ^u ! anci5t hi/ory ( ,p]sia1 reflect r favorably ^u t "p ( sir ,william ,jones's op9ion1 t ?is c\ntry1 9 its wide ext5t1 0 once ! orig9al seat ( _m nations n[ settl$ 9 di/ant regions4 ,s mu*1 at lea/1 may be consid]$ z e/abli%$3 #a4 t ! limits ( hi/ory are to be remov$ fur!r back ?an ^? be=e fix$2 #b4 t 9 ! e>lie/ times primitive nations1 relat$ by language to ea* o!r1 _h _! orig9 9 ! common elevat$ c\ntry ( c5tral ,asia1 & t ! ,iranians & ,indians 7 once unit$ be=e _! migration into ,iran & ,india4#hg ,?is great fact pres5ts itself1 z x 71 ^u ! bord] ( a va/ abyss ( unkn[n times4 ,= ^! a measure 0 s\ght4 ,h5ce we meet ) extravagant1 b p]petually recurr+ *ronological /atem5ts4 ,! ,mahabadian ages are nei!r bett] nor worse1 z to accuracy1 ?an ! ,indian yugs1 ! ,*aldean1#hh or o!r p]iods4 ,9 ord] to r$uce !m to _! true value1 we mu/ consid] !m z no?+ else ?an expressions ( ! ideas :i* ! anci5ts ent]ta9$ ( ! antiquity ( ! _w & human society1 9 :i* !y _c be easily refut$1 & at lea/ are n absurd4 ,su* ideas orig9at$1 :5 man1 curi\s aft] 8 pa/1 _h long ceas$ to be a li/less b>b>ian2 b ! e>lie/ civilisation is a late product ( sl[-work+ "t1 ! memory ( :i* c\ld h be5 pres]v$ only by monum5ts4 ,! mo/ anci5t ( ^! h[ev] are b rec5t 9 our hi/orical k1 ! limits ( :i* are f> f be+ ^? ( antiquity4 ,! duration ( ante-hi/orical empires1 9 pr9tless b ext5sive spaces ( times1 escapes rese>* & computation4 ,z m51 h[ev]1 be> ) impati5ce vague & loose ideas1 ! ,p]sians1 z well z o!r nations1 det]m9$ ! pa/ by numb]s =m$ f ! multiplication ( "s a/ronomical p]iods kn[n 9 e>ly times1 z has be5 obs]v$3#hi ?is appe>s to me at once ! :ole tru? & falsehood ( ^? /atem5ts4 ,9 ! utt] impossibility to reconcile ! discordant data ( diff]5t nations1 we mu/ cont5t ourselves to take up ! g5]al ideas & facts 9 :i* !y all agree1 :il/ 9 ! p>ticul>s !y all diff]4 ,?us1 9 lay+ d[n maps ( c\ntries little kn[n1 we are satisfi$ ) trac+ ! g5]al direction ( "s riv]s & m\nta9s1 & ab/a9 f topographical details4 #gc 1 1 1 4 7v4 #deg-dei74 #gd ,transl4 by ,dr4 ,pott]4 #ge ,hyde1 :o did n "k ! ,dabi/n1 says 7p4 #ahh73 t a ye>1 or cal5d>1 ( ,m$ian inv5tion 0 introduc$ 9 ,p]sia1 be=e ,jam%id1 t is1 accord+ to ,f]dusi's n irrational *ronology1 e>li] ?an #cdbi be=e our era4 #gf ,milton's ,p>adise ,lo/1 b4 ,,vii4 v4 #ceh4 #gg ,! book ( ,%et ,%ai ,kiliv1 v4 #ei4 p4 #ef4 #gh ,bombay edit4 ,engl4 transl41 pp4 #ai4 #bj4 #gi ,vol4 ,i4 p4 #ad4 ,! ,bombay ,destir does n m5tion ! revolution ( ,saturn1 & /ates diff]5tly ! value ( f>d1 m>d1 etc41 etc4 #hj ,x is kn[n t 9 ,india1 & p]haps all ov] ,asia1 ! numb] ( ciph]s n foll[$ by a significative numb]1 is indiff]5t1 & indicates no?+ else b magnitude4 ,?us ! ,h9dus1 to det]m9e positively hundr$s1 ?\s&s1 etc41 affix ! requir$ figure at ! end3 = in/ance1 to det]m9e #ajj rupees to be giv51 !y write #aja4 #ha ,! ^w is p]haps a =m ( ! ,sanscrit ,mahbodhi1 8a great deifi$ tea*]40 ,9 ! ,burhani ,kati we f9d six significations attribut$ to ! ^w ,abad2 ^! are3 #a4 cultivat$2 #b4 praise & pray]2 #c4 exclamation ( praise2 #d4 ! "n ( ! ,kaba2 #e4 ! "n ( ! fir/ ,p]sian prophet2 #f4 good & beaute\s4 #hb ,see vol4 ,i4 pp4 #ai-bj4 #hc ,i h 7see vol4 ,i4 p4 #bf1 note #a7 d]iv$ ?is "n f ! ,sanscrit yas1 8glory1 honor40 ,9 ,burhan ,katii x is int]pret$ by 8:at is conv5i5t40 #hd ,loco cit41 p4 #cdb4 #he ,j\rn4 des ,savans1 fvri] #ahba1 p4 #fi4 #hf ,see ,rflexions sur l'tude des ,langues ori5tales1 loc4 cit41 p4 #ea4 #hg ,see ! developm5t ( ^! ideas 9 ,erdkunde von ,c>l ,ritt]1 ,,viiit] ,!il2 ,,iiit] ,bu*1 ,we/-asi5 ,seit5 #aje-aji1 ) ref]5ce to ,e4 ,burn\f ,comm5t4 sur le ,yacna1 pp4 #dfa1 #efc4 #hh ,we may be "h p]mitt$ to call to m9d ! eras ( ! ,*aldeans1 :o1 accord+ to ,b]osus1 ,epig5es1 ,diodorus ( ,sicily1 ,abyd5us c\nt$ #dij1jjj1 #gbj1jjj1 #dgc1jjj1 #dfc1gfc ye>s4 ,!y are said to h exhibit$1 be=e ,alex&]'s conque/ 9 ,asia1 hi/orical annals = #aej1jjj ye>s4 #hi ,see p4 lxvii4 ,,ii4,,! ,,pe%dadian1 ,,kayanian1 ,,a%kanian1 ,,& ,,sassanian ,,dyna/ies,,_! ,,religi\s ,,& ,,political ,,in/itutions4 ,aft] ! f\r dyna/ies m5tion$ foll[s ! ,gil%anian1 mon>*y1 f\nd$ by ,gil%ah1 or ,kayom]s1 8! k+ or =m ( e>?40#ij ,we are n[ ^u well-kn[n gr\nd1 & he> famili> names ( f\r races3 ! ,p%dadian1 ,kayanian1 ,a%kaniun1 & ,sassanian1 to :i*1 altoge!r1 ! ,dabi/n attributes a p]iod ( #fjbd ye>s1 diff]+ consid]ably f t ( o!r ,asiatic *ronolog]s4#ia ,sir ,william ,jones 0 "r :5 he decl>$1#ib t 8! annals ( ! ,p%dadi 7or ,assyrian7 race mu/ be obscure & fabul\s2 ^? ( ! ,kayn family1 or ! ,m$es & ,p]sians1 h]oic & poetic30 annals ga!r$ f oral traditions c be b su* z ! great ,ori5tali/ *>act]ises ^? ( ! m5tion$ dyna/ies4 ,b x 0 9 8 y\ng] ye>s1 be=e he _h enl>g$ 8 views ^u ! hi/ory ( mank9d1 t he fix$ ! orig9 ( ! ,p]sian mon>*y s late z #hij ye>s be=e our era2#ic aft]w>ds1 9 ,india1 he refut$ 8 =m] notions1 & rang$ m freely 9 ! exp&$ fields ( antiquity4 ,i %all add t ,f]dusi places ! beg9n+ ( ,gil%ah's reign #cebi ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 an epo* :i* receives syn*ronical confirmation f our daily-increas+ k ( ! antiquity ( ,*9a1 ,india1 ,assyria1 ,egypt1 & o!r /ates4 ,! fundam5tal religion rema9s ! same3 a cele/ial volume call$ ,payman-i-f>hang1 9 p]fect accord ) ! ,mahabadian code1 is transmitt$ to ,kayom]s4 ,s ! ,dabi/n3 b1 9 ! ,destir1 ! f\r books ascrib$ to ! fir/ f\r ,mahabadian prophet-k+s conta9 ! pure/ deism1 & al?\gh ! f\ndation ( a/rolatry & demonolatry may be p]ceiv$ 9 ! cosmology ( ! fir/ book1 yet ^! did n =m a positive wor%ip1 :i* develops itself 9 ! sev5 planet>y books ( ! sev5 subsequ5t ,p]sian k+s1 to wit3 ,kayom]s1 ,siamok1 ,hu%ang1 ,tahmras1 ,jam%id1 ,f]idun1 & ,m5o*eh]4 ,"u ^! mon>*s1 a p>ticul> wor%ip 0 r5d]$ to ! sev5 planets1 z to m$iators betwe5 ,god & m52 ! description ( ! =ms "u :i* !y h be5 ador$1 is n1 to my k1 f\nd 9 any o!r book b ! ,dabi/n4 ,sup]/ition is c]ta9ly z anci5t z human nature itself2 x is impossible to fix ! epo* at :i* p>ticul> op9ions & practices orig9at$1 su* z ! eighty-f\r sitt+-po/ures at pray]2 ! suppression ( ! brea? = ! ab/raction ( ?\ght2 ! my/ical & fanta/ical notions ^u vision & revelation2 & p>ticul>ly ! belief t a man may atta9 ! faculty to quit & to reassume 8 body1 or to consid] x z a loose g>m5t1 :i* he may put (f at pleasure = asc5d+ to ! _w ( light1 & on 8 return be reunit$ ) ! mat]ial elem5ts4 ,all ^! matt]s are consid]$ z v anci5t4 ,we f9d 9 ! ,dabi/n a curi\s acc\nt ( ,p]sian sects "u diff]5t names1 su* z ,abadians1 ,azur-,h%angians1 ,jam%aspians1 ,samradians1 ,khodaiyans1 ,radians1 ,%idrangians1 ,paik>ians1 ,milanians1 ,al>ians1 ,%idabians1 ,ak%iyans4 ,! f\nd]s ( ^! sects are plac$ s f> back z ! reigns ( ,jam%id & ,zohak4 ,individuals pr(ess+ ! p>ticul> cre$ ( ea* ( ^! sects 7 liv+ 9 ! "t ( ! au?or ( ! ,dabi/n1 :o 0 p]sonally acqua9t$ ) sev]al ( !m1 & imp>ts ! in=mation :i* he _h himself receiv$ f _! lips4 ,he gives ) p>ticul> c>e an acc\nt ( ! be=e-m5tion$ ,az> ,kaivan1#id ! *ief ( ! lat] ,abadans & ,az>-,hu%angians4 ,! doctr9e ( ^! sect>ies conta9$ peculi> notions ab\t ,god's nature & attributes1 & ! _w2 ! latt] 0 to "s an illusion2 ,god himself b an idea4 ,to o!rs1 ,god 0 e ?+1 to be s]v$ alone )\t a m$iator betwe5 him & mank9d2 ! heav5s & ! />s 7 8 companions4 ,god 0 ! sunfireairwat]e>?2 he 0 ! ess5ce ( ! elem5ts3 f e "o ( ^! div9e pr9ciples ! heav5s1 />s1 & ! :ole _w proce$$4 ,^! 7 "s ( ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( _! metaphysical religion4 ,_! morality appe>s to h consi/$ 9 ! ackn[l$gm5t ( all natural virtues2 piety1 ju/ice1 *>ity1 sobriety2 w9e & /rong dr9ks 7 =bidd52 above all a t5d]ness t[>ds all liv+ creatures 0 recomm5d$2 & ! sev]ity aga9/ ^? :o slew innoxi\s animals 0 c>ri$ to su* an excess1 ?an ev5 sons puni%$ _! fa!rs ) dea?1 & fa!rs _! sons1 = ! slaught] ( a %eep or an elk4#ie ,_! political con/itution appe>s f ! e>lie/ "t to h be5 t ( an absolute mon>*y3 ?is is ! curse atta*$ to ,asiatics4 ,! k+ 0 to be ( a noble desc5t1 & b\nd to ackn[l$ge ! ,f>hang-,abad1 8code ( ,abad40 ,all dignities1 milit>y & civil1 7 h]$it>y f fa!r to son4 ,! royal c\rt & inn] ap>tm5ts appe> to h be5 regulat$ 9 mu* ! same mann] z !y are /ill 9 ,asia2 8 cup-be>]s & famili> s]vants1 z well z ^? ( 8 sons1 & o!r nobles1 7 always females4 ,! int]ior adm9i/ration ( cities & villages is suffici5tly detail$ 9 ! ,dabi/n4 ,an active police 0 e/abli%$1 ) num]\s spies & secret report]s1 = ! security ( gov]nm5t4 ,we are glad to f9d 9 su* e>ly times hospitals = ! relief ( ! suff]+1 & c>avans>as = ! conv5i5ce ( travell]s4 ,moreov]1 po/-/ations ( horses & mess5g]s 7 di/ribut$ = ! rapid communication ( news1 f all sides ( ! va/ empire1 to ! mon>*4#if ,n a little c>e 0 be/[$ ^u ! discipl9e & cont9ual ex]cise ( num]\s armies4 ,! milit>y *iefs 7 di/+ui%$ by ! magnific5t decorations ( _! p]sons1 horses1 & arms1 9 :i* !y prid$ !mselves4 ,!y 7 b\nd to treat _! soldi]s k9dly1 nay1 oblig$ to produce c]tificates1 f _! subord9ates1 ( hav+ behav$ well t[>ds !m4 ,an ord] ( battle 0 prescrib$1 9 :i* !y 7 to enc\nt] ! enemy2 no plund] aft] victory 0 p]mitt$2 !y nev] slew1 nor treat$ ) viol5ce1 a man :o _h ?r[n d[n 8 arms & ask$ = qu>t]4 ,hi/ory may well be ref]r$ to religion1 :i* is an anci5t intellectual monum5t1 liv+ 9 ! human s\l f g5]ation to g5]ation4 ,i h hi!rto m>k$ two religi\s p]iods3 ! fir/1 t ( ! ,destir1 ?r\gh ! ,mahabadian dyna/y2 ! second1 t ( ,paiman--,f>hang1 prevail+ dur+ ! ,p%-dadi-race until ! middle ( ! ,kayanian reign2 ,i n[ come to ! ?ird4 #ij ,! fir/ ^w is pure ,p]sian2 ! o!r may be d]iv$ f ! ,sanscrit kaya1 8body1 =m10 & mrita1 8e>?40 #ia ,see vol4 ,i4 p4 #ca1 note #a4 #ib ,8 ,works1 vol4 ,,iii4 ! six? ,anniv]s>y ,disc\rse1 p4 #ajh4 #ic ,ibid41 vol4 ,,xii4 p4 #cii4 #id ,see page #fc4 #ie ,see vol4 ,i4 pp4 #aha4 #ahd4 #if ,p>asang1 ,f>sang1 ev5 9 our days a ,p]sian ^w1 is f\nd & det]m9$ z a l9eal measure ( di/ances 9 ,h]odotus1 lib4 ,,ii4 ,v4 & ,,vi4 ,,iii4,,! ,,religion ,,( ,,z>du%t1 ,,or ,,zoroa/]4 ,all religions are said to h deviat$ f _! primitive simplicity & purity1 z m5 advanc$ 9 k & civilisation4 ,?is is true b 9 a re/rict$ & di/9ctive s5se1 & may be expla9$1 ev5 )\t yield+ to our habit ( consid]+ t :i* is m remote & less kn[n z holi] ?an t :i* is ne>] & bett] exam9$4 ,?us1 we may admit t ! impressions made ^u m5 9 ! fir/ /age ( exp&+ reason are /rong] & m vivid1 ! less !y are di/ract$ by simultane\s & correlative associations2 "o great idea is en\gh to fill _! :ole m9d1 & admits ( no rival1 ( no commixture ) any ?+ else2 curiosity1 v]satility1 luxuriancy ( intellect are n yet kn[n2 con/ancy is a necessity 9 a small compass ( ideas4 ,we h already t\*$#ig ^u ! p[]ful effect :i* ! e>ly p]ception ( ! ,div9e produc$ ^u man3 b he soon circumscrib$ :at 0 too va/ or 8 compreh5sion 9 a p]ceptible objectheav51 sun1 fire1 to :i* he (f]$ 8 adoration2 he want$ a visible type or image ( ! invisible ,div9ity2 b1 8 means ( =mation be+ at fir/ v conf9$1 he cont5t$ himself ) ! mo/ simple repres5tation3 he _h a symbol1 an idol 9 a grove or cav]n1 b n yet a ,pan!on4 ,simplicity may be a m]e re/riction to "o object or to few objects2 purity1 no?+ else b homog5eity 9 good or bad1 true or false2 we %all n conf\nd !m ) rationality1 :i* may subsi/ ) multiplicity & mixture4 ,?us1 ! adoration ( "o deifi$ man1 "o great s]p5t1 "o huge /one1 is by no means m rational ?an ! wor%ip ( num]\s g5]ations ( gods1 ! +5i\s p]sonification s( multi=m nature1 ev] ackn[l$g$ z ! g5u9e (fspr+ ( ! happy m>riage betwe5 intellect & imag9ation4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( arts & ri*es1 wor%ip is rude & de/itute ( %[y accessories4 ,aft]w>ds1 ! developm5t ( ! und]/&+ wid5s ! field ( reason+1 ! f]tility ( :i* may be atte/$ m by ! %oot ( we$s ?an by ! gr[? ( fruits3 error prevails ov] tru?2 ! increase ( manifold res\rces facilitates & prompts sup]fetation ( ext]ior religion4 ,besides1 ! impressions1 by :i* ! fir/ legislator atta*$ 8 foll[]s to 8 doctr9e1 are effac$ by "t2 ! fir/ traditions1 obscur$1 confus$1 & alt]$2 fai? is weak5$1 & an op5+ made = *ange 9 belief1 practice1 & morals4 ,a *ange1 m]ely z su*1 is consid]$ z a corruption by ! adh]5ts ( ! old cre$4 ,f9ally1 revolutions1 int]ior & ext]ior1 det]iorate or de/roy religion & civilisation4 ,^! reflexions1 ) ! explanation previ\sly giv5 z to ! v>i\s notions ( :i* ! religions 9 ,asia 7 compos$1 w cle>ly %[ t1 9 ! c\rse ( ages1 a re=m ( a/rolatry1 pyrolatry1 & idolatry1 ! bran*es ( ,sabism & ,mezdaism1 became desirable2 & ,z>du%t1 or ,zoroa/]1 appe>$4 ,9 ! notes plac$ at ! bottom ( ! pages conta9+ ,mohsan ,fani's acc\nt ( ,zoroa/]1#ih w be f\nd "s ( ! pr9cipal results ( ! inve/igations :i* h be5 made 9 ,europe respect+ ?is legislator4 ,! "n ( ,zoroa/] 0 appli$ by "s to ! f\nd] ( ,magism1 or ,sabism2 we "k also1 t he has be5 id5tifi$ ) _m o!r prophets "u diff]5t names1 among :om is ,abraham1 call$ 8! great ,z>du%t10 & ,hom1 ( s ext5sive a celebrity1 t 8 "n is m5tion$ by ,/rabo z pr$ecessor ( ,zoroa/]4 ,no wond] t ! "n ( ! latt] occurs 9 m or less remote times4 ,accord+ to ! ,dabi/n1 he 0 born 9 ,rai1 a t[n 9 ! prov9ce ( ,jebal1 or ,irak ,ajem1 ! c\ntry ( ! anci5t ,p>?ians1 & appe>$ z a re=m] ( religion1 "u ! reign ( ,gu%tasp1 ! fif? k+ ( ! ,kayanian dyna/y1 by ! ,occid5tal hi/orians g5]ally id5tifi$ ) ,d>ius ,hy/aspes4 ,al?\gh v>i\sly /at$1 ?is p]iod is less subject to *ronological difficulties ?an are _m o!rs2 =1 z ,ea/]n & ,we/]n hi/orians agree 9 ! epo* ( ,alex&]'s dea? 7#cba ,b4 ,c471 we may f ?is1 z f a fix$ po9t1 rem\nt upw>ds to ,gu%tasp2 we f9d1 accord+ to "s ,ori5tals1 five reigns 9 #bbh ye>s1#ii & !re=e t ( ! said k+1 beg9n+ #edi ye>s be=e our era1 :il/1 accord+ to ! ,occid5tals1 !re are t5 reigns )9 #bjj ye>s1 f ,alex&]'s conque/ ( ,p]sia to ,d>ius ,hy/aspes1 ^: reign comm5ces 9 #eba ,a4 ,d4 ,! discrepancy ( tw5ty-eight ye>s is f> f be+ unexampl$1 ev5 9 m kn[n p]iods1 & may 9 ?is case be mo/ easily & plausibly adju/$4#ajj ,accord+ to a wide-spread tradition1 to :i* ,i %all h occasion to return1 ,gu%tasp 0 in/ruct$ by ,brahmans2 pursuant to ! ,dabi/n1 8 bro!r ,jamasp 0 ! pupil ( ! ,indian ,jangran-gha*ah 7,sank>a a*>ya7#aja4 ,?is sage1 z soon z he he>d ( ,gu%tasp's li/5+ to ,zoroa/]1 wrote an epi/le to dissuade ! k+ f ! adoption ( ! new cre$2 an int]view took place at ,balkh betwe5 ! ,p]sian & ,indian sages1 & ! latt] ab&on$ 8 religion ^u he>+ a nosk1 or *apt] ( ! ,z&-,ave/a4#ajb ,?is is ! "n ( ! "w attribut$ to ,zoroa/] himself1 a "p ( :i* 0 br\ght to ,europe1 9 ! ye> #agfa1 by ,anquetil du ,p]ron4 ,! au?or ( ! ,dabi/n m5tions ! ,z&-,ave/a1 & decl>es ! ,mah-,z& to be a portion ( ! ,destir1 & ! ,z& books 9 g5]al con=mable to ! ,mahabadian code4 ,! fif? ,sassan1 ! translator & comm5tator ( ! ,destir1 9 a passage above-quot$1#ajc jo9s ?is "w to ! ,ave/a1 & is said 9 ! ,dabi/n to h made a translation ( ! code ( ,z>du%t4 ,great 0 ! s5sation caus$ among ! le>n$ ( ,europe at ! fir/ appe>ance ( ! works attribut$ to ,zoroa/]1 publi%$ 9 ,fr5* by ,anquetil du ,p]ron1 9 #agga4 ,9 a note ( ?is volume#ajd w be f\nd ! names ( ! pr9cipal au?ors :o decl>$ !mselves = or aga9/ ! au!nticity ( ! ,zoroa/rian books4 ,among ^? :o combat$ x1 sir ,william ,jones 0 mo/ conspicu\s4 ,sev5ty ye>s h s9ce elaps$1 & a le>n$ controv]sy may n[ be consid]$ z settl$1 nay1 entirely =gott51 9 ! c\rse ( a mo/ ev5tful hi/orical p]iod4 ,nev]!less1 ! ,destir is s closely connect$ ) ! ,z&-,ave/a1 t s mu* hav+ be5 said ( ! "o1 ! o!r %\ld n be lightly disc>d$4 ,! value & importance ( ! ,dabi/n re/ *iefly ^u ! support ( ! two docum5ts m5tion$2 on t acc\nt ,i may hope to be p>don$ if ,i "h v5ture to repeat :atev] facts & argum5ts appe> to me to h "s be>+ ^u ?is "w4 ,b x 0 sir ,william ,jones :o !n r\s$ ! :ole le>n$ public into lively att5tion1 &1 ,i d>e presume1 t ! subject may by itself at all times excite consid]able int]e/4 ,i %all quote ! v words ( "l ,teignm\? conc]n+ ! ,fr5* au?or be=e m5tion$3#aje 8,anquetil _h publi%$ 9 ?ree qu>to volumes an acc\nt ( 8 travels 9 ,india1 ! life ( ,zoroa/]1 & "s suppos$ works ( t philosoph]4 ,to ?is publication he prefix$ a ,disc\rse1 9 :i* he treat$ ! univ]sity ( ,ox=d1 & "s ( its le>n$ memb]s & fri5ds ( ,mr4 ,jones1 ) ridicule & disrespect4 ,f ! p]usal ( 8 works1 ,mr4 ,jones 0 little dispos$ to agree ) ,monsieur du ,p]ron 9 ! boa/$ importance ( 8 communication2 he 0 disgu/$ ) 8 vanity & petulance1 & p>ticul>ly (f5d$ by 8 illib]al attack ^u ! univ]sity1 :i* he respect$1 & ^u ! p]sons :om he e/eem$ & admir$4 ,! lett] :i* he address$ to ,m4 du ,p]ron 0 anonym\s2 x 0 writt5 ) great =ce1 & expresses 8 indignation & contempt ) a degree ( asp]ity :i* ! judgm5t ( matur] ye>s w\ld h disapprov$40#ajf ,! lett] allud$ to conta9s mo/ sev]e rem>ks1 n only ^u ! ,z&-,ave/a1 b also ^u ,ori5tal /udies 9 g5]al3 ^! are bl[s s mu* m s5sible to ,ori5tali/s1 z !y come f a fri5dly & mo/ rev]$ h&4 ,su* 0 ! ardor ( a susceptible m9d "u ! impression ( hav+ to v9dicate ! honor ( 8 fri5ds1 t he =got = a mom5t ! wrea? :i* he _h already won 9 ! c>e] ( ,ori5tal lit]ature2 he _h already compos$ 8 comm5t>y ^u ,asiatic poetry1 & translat$ f ! orig9al ,p]sian ! ,life ( ,nadir-%ah2 he _h !n no pres5tim5t ( ! glory :i* he 0 de/9$ to acquire by collect+1 "u ! ,indian heav51 ! lore ( antique ,asia4 ,z 8 ,fr5* lett]1 writt5 9 a v spirit$ & brilliant /yle1 c nev] be read )\t caus+ a great impression1 ,i %all be p]mitt$ to borr[ f ! writ+s ( ?is celebrat$ au?or himself "s reflexions1 :i* ,i ?9k necess>y = plac+ 9 a "r po9t ( view ,ori5tal /udies 9 g5]al1 & 9 p>ticul> ! cont5ts ( ! ,dabi/n1 inasmu* z ^! are 9 "s p>ts f\nd$ ^u ! ,z&-,ave/a1 & 9 o!r po9ts ( a nature simil> to t s mu* ridicul$ 9 t +5i\s satire4 ,if x 7 true1 t ,anquetil 0 wrong 8to affront dea? = procur+ u useless lightsif ! writ+s ( ,zoroa/] are a collection ( galimatiaif enlight5$ ,europe _h no ne$ ( 8 ,z&-,ave/a1 :i* he has translat$ to no purpose1 & ^u :i* he uselessly sp5t eighte5 ye>s1 a "t :i* ought to h be5 preci\s to him0#ajg !n any simil> attempts :i* h be5 or %all be made to procure1 9 ,asia1 & to publi% anci5t hi/orical docum5ts1 are equally ridicul\s & blamable4 ,x is c]ta9ly n ! f\nd] ( a new era 9 ,ori5tal lit]ature :om we he> 9 ^! words4 ,nobody knew bett] ?an he t1 9 ,asia1 ! cradle ( mank9d1 we mu/ se>* = ! mo/ anci5t docum5ts to re/ore ! lo/ hi/ory ( mank9d2 & if all endeavors 7 to prove va9 & useless1 /ill ! m]it ( hav+ attempt$ ! atta9m5t ( a mo/ laudable purpose w\ld rema94 ,x is n unimportant to fix ! limits :i* rese>*es c rea*1 & beyond :i* no?+ is to be ga9$2 m5 are b5efitt$ & enri*$ at once by ! sav+ ( "t & tr\ble :i* prec$+ attempts tea*2 & by all ! acquisitions :i* bett] directions r5d] possible 9 a new & m pr(itable c>e]4 ,%\ld ! bold navigators :o /rive to arrive at ! pole nev] atta9 _! aim1 /ill w\ld _! endeavors be wor?y ( praise2 ! smalle/ fragm5t ( a rock1 ! slighte/ %oot ( a plant1 pluck$ (f 9 ! des]t ( et]nal ice1 9 latitude eighty-eight1 w\ld at home be reg>d$ ) lively int]e/1 & navigation h n a little ga9$ 9 aid ( o!r m =tunate und]tak+s4 ,b1 :o c l to read 8pu]ile details1 disgu/+ descriptions1 b>b>\s words,zoroa/] c\ld n h writt5 su* nons5seei!r he _h no common s5se1 or he wrote n ! book :i* ,anquetil attribut$ to him40#ajh ,z mu* has be5 & may be said ( ! books attribut$ to o!r ,asiatic legislators1 :o 7 nev]!less rev]$ z sacr$ dur+ _m ages by num]\s nations4 ,until we prop]ly und]/& ! ignorance & habitual ideas ( ,asiatics1 we %all always rema9 ignorant ( :at is prov]bially call$ ! wisdom ( ! ,ea/4 ,to appreciate ! j value ( ! anci5t codes ( laws1 we ought to repres5t to ourselves ! primitive *ildr5 ( ! e>?1 z ,prome!us describes !m3 8,!y saw1 inde$1 !y he>d2 b :at avail'd ,or sight1 or s5se ( he>+1 all ?+s roll+1 ,l ! unreal imag]y ( dreams1 ,9 wild confusion mix'd6 ,! lightsome wall ,( f9] masonry1 ! raft]'d ro( ,!y knew n2 b1 l ants /ill buri$1 delv$ ,deep 9 ! e>?1 & scoop'd _! sunless caves4 ,unm>k'd ! seasons *ang'd1 ! bit+ w9t]1 ,! fl['r-p]fum$ spr+1 ! rip5+ summ]1 ,f]tile ( fruits40#aji ,x w !n be felt h[ important x 0 to break ! savage "u ! yoke ( seem+ly pu]ile practices & cu/oms4 ,9 a /ate :i* 0 n unaptly call$ 8! infancy ( man10 x 0 by no means absurd to ensure heal? by dietetical prescriptions1 cleanl9ess by obligatory ablutions1 & dec5cy ) conv5i5ce by a regulat$ dress2 ! ko%ti1 8! girdle10 ( ,zoroa/] 0 !n n s unmean+ z x n[ appe>s to u4 ,x 0 necess>y to educate ! moral s5se by appropriate images1 & to occupy conv5i5tly1 by fables1 symbols1 & my?ical acc\nts1 ! fir/ active faculty ( ! s\l1 imag9ation4 ,al?\gh ^? m5 :o1 z legislators1 7 elevat$ above _! b>b>\s age1 c\ld 9 _m po9ts b p>take 9 ! g5]al imbecility & ignorance ( an infant /ate ( society1 !y h nev]!less1 among seem+ly *ildi% & absurd precepts1 promulgat$ mo/ lum9\s tru?s1 bett] ?an :i* none h hi!rto be5 kn[n1 ev5 at ! mo/ advanc$ degree ( civilisation4 ,any in=mation above ! common und]/&+ ( ! age is ju/ly call$ 8a revelation10 & e nation has receiv$ "s f _! prophets1 by :i* we h all b5efit$4#aaj ,we1 ! y\nge/ sons ( sci5ce1 ought to keep a grateful & rev]5tial remembrance ( our eld] bro!rs4 ,let x be a subject ( regret t1 by ! ma9t5ance ( anci5t in/itutions mu* long] ?an 0 requir$ = _! int5d$ purpose1 ! intellectual gr[? ( _m ,asiatic nations 0 /opp$2 ?us !y n[ appe> made = _! laws1 :il/ _! laws 7 once made = !m4 ,aft] ^! & simil> reflexions1 we %all view ,zoroa/]'s hundr$ gates1 & ! rema9s ( 8 tw5ty-"o nosks1 z v5]able monum5ts ( an antique civilisation1 :i* ought nev] to be pr(an$ by d]ision4 ,^u ! ,z& language1 9 :i* ,zoroa/]'s laws 7 writt51 ,i ref] to ! great philolog]s ( our days1 :o h exam9$ x,rask1#aaa ,bopp1 ,burn\f1 ,lass51 & o!rs3 x is "o ( ! mo/ important conque/s made 9 ar*ology & philology1 & ?is we owe to ,anquetil4 ,:5 ,jones#aab treat$ ) su* sev]ity ! publication ( ?is ,fr5* au?or1 he c\ld n =esee t he %\ld "o day call =? to notoriety ! ,dabi/n1 :i* re/s 9 great "p ^u ! au?ority ( ! ,destir1 & ^! v books to :i* he refus$ all au!nticity4 ,mohsan ,fani1 "o hundr$ & tw5ty ye>s be=e ,anquetil1 d]iv$ 8 in=mation probably f o!r copies ( ,zoroa/]'s works1 & knew no?+ ( ,we/]n au?ors1 yet 8 /atem5ts agree ) :at ! latt]1 be=e & aft] our era relat$1 & mo/ p>ticul>ly ) :at ! ,fr5* discov]] publi%$ ( t anci5t philosoph]4 ,c x be suppos$ t all ^! m5 ( diff]5t nations1 ^: /atem5ts h ?us co9cid$ dur+ ! lapse ( m ?an two ?\s& ye>s1 h 8impos$ ^u !mselves1 or be5 impos$ ^u by o!rs conc]n+ ! pret5d$ laws ( a pret5d$ legislator80 ,anquetil des]v$ a bett] "n ?an t ( 8a ,fr5* adv5tur]1 :o translat$ ! books ascrib$ to ,zoroa/]1 f ! translation ( a c]ta9 gypsy at ,surat1 & 8 boldness 9 s5d+ !m abroad z g5u9e0#aac 0 n unsupport$ by judgm5t4 ,if !re 0 "s folly & fopp]y to d]ide 9 a "y man1 :o spoke ( 8 lilly-rosy *eeks & elegant figure1 !re 0 no 8impo/ure0 to detect1 & too mu* ac]bity %ewn 9 retort+ ?\ghtless indiscretions1 exagg]at$ into 8invectives40 ,sir ,william ,jones1 :5 he publi%$ ! /rictures :i* 8 antagoni/1 f pride or mod]ation1 nev] answ]$1 0 b 9 8 tw5ty-f\r? ye> & "u ! influ5ce ( y\?ful ardor4 ,eighte5 ye>s aft]1 9 a disc\rse1 address$ to ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,calcutta1 9 #aghi1 he spoke ) m mod]ation ( ,anquetil z 8hav+ _h ! m]it ( und]tak+ a voyage to ,india 9 8 e>lie/ y\? ) no o!r view ?an to recov] ! writ+s ( ,zoroa/]40 ,! illu/ri\s presid5t ( t ,society 0 n 9 ! position to appreciate ,anquetil's :ole "*1 & di$ too soon to become acqua9t$ ) ! brilliant reputation :i* ! y\?ful voyag] acquir$ 9 8 matur] ye>s z a le>n$ memb] ( ! ,fr5* ,academy ( ,lett]s1 bo? 9 8 own c\ntry & abroad4#aad ,! ,dabi/n in=ms u1 t ! ,z&-books are ( two k9ds3 ! "o1 p]spicu\s & )\t enigmatical =ms ( spee*1 is call$ ! ,mah-,z&1 8great ,z&20 ! second1 ab\nd+ 9 enigmatic or figurative language1 is entitl$ ,kah-,z&1 8little ,z&40 ,! fir/1 9 mo/ po9ts speculative & practical1 agrees ) ! ,destir2 ! second is int5d$ to prev5t philosophy fall+ into ! h&s ( ! ignorant1 to :om an enigmatical veil is (f]$1 :il/ ! sages "k ! true purport ( ! pure doctr9e4 ,to k+ ,gu%tasp1 8 bro!r ,jamasp1 8 son ,isf5di>1 & to ,bahman1 ! son ( ! latt]1 7 attribut$ ! int]pretations ( ,zoroa/]'s religi\s sy/em1 & _m +5i\s p>ables :i*1 = _! moral s5se1 may be reckon$ among ! be/ specim5s ( ?is k9d ( popul> in/ruction4 ,?is true /atem5t1 conta9$ 9 ! ,dabi/an1#aae corrects ! ass]tion ( sir ,william ,jones1#aaf t ,mohsan ,fani affirms 8! "w ( ,z>tu%t to 8h be5 lo/40 ,! le>n$ ,ori5tali/ evid5tly conf\nds ! ,mah-z&1 :i* is said to be a portion ( ! ,destir1 ) ! "w ( ,z>tu%t4 ,! writ] ( ! ,dabi/n enum]ates#aag ! tw5ty-"o nosks or books1 ( :i* ! ,z& 0 compos$2 he says3#aag 8,at pres5t !re are f\rte5 complete nosks1 possess$ by ! ,do/urs ( ,k>man2 ! o!r sev5 be+ incomplete1 z1 ?r\gh ! w>s & diss5sions :i* prevail$ 9 ,iran "s ( ! nosks h disappe>$1 s t1 not)/&+ ! greate/ rese>*es1 ! nosks h come into _! h&s 9 a defective /ate40 ,we f9d x expressly decl>$ 9 ! ,dabi/n1 on ! au?ority#aah ( ! ,do/ur :o wrote ! volume ( ! ,sad dur1 8! hundr$ gates10 t 8! excell5t fai? has be5 receiv$ f ! prophet ,z>tu%t40 ,9 a p>ticul> section1 intitl$ ,enum]ation ( "s advantages :i* arise f ! enigmatical =ms ( ! precepts ( ,z>tu%t's foll[]s1 ,mohsan n only adduces examples ( ,z>tu%tian allegories1 b subjo9s 8 own int]pretations ( !m2 yet he nev] affirms1 nor ev5 ins9uates 8! place ( ,zoroa/]'s lo/ works to h be5 suppli$ by a rec5t compilation40 ,nor c we ass5t to ! view1 :i* sir ,w4 ,jones takes ( ! mod]n lit]ature ( ! ,mob$s1 8= :om10 he says1#aai 8z !y cont9u$ to pr(ess among !mselves ! religion ( _! =efa!rs1 x became exp$i5t to supply ! la/ or mutilat$ works ( _! legislator by new compositions1 p>tly f _! imp]fect recollection1 & p>tly f su* moral & religi\s k z !y glean$1 mo/ probably among ! ,*ri/ians ) :om !y _h an int]c\rse40 ,to settle our judgm5t ^u ?is subject1 we ought to recollect1 t languages & precepts may be transmitt$ f g5]ation to g5]ation by oral in/ruction1 :i* inde$ 0 once ! only possible mode dur+ a long p]iod ( "t4 ,x 0 !n t memory 0 s mu* /rong]1 z1 de/itute ( all artificial assi/ance1 x dep5d$ solely ^u itself4 ,we b\ght ! advantage ( writ+ by resign+ some:at ( memorial en]gy2 ?is 0 ! evil1 :i*1 accord+ to ,plato1 ,?amus1 ! ,egyptian k+1 pr$ict$ to ,!ut1 ! inv5tor ( writ+4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 x w appe> f\nd$ ^u reason & hi/ory1 t religi\s cre$s1 :i* _h once be5 ! prop]ty ( nations1 are n easily eradicat$ by any =ce1 or =gott5 "u any circum/ances2 !y become liv+ /reams ( ideas & s5tim5ts1 :i* run un9t]rupt$ly ?r\gh ! ev]-r5ew$ races ( man1 ev5 :5 ^! sep>ate f a p>5t /ock4 ,h5ce we f9d1 9 c\ntries & among nations ! mo/ remote f ea* o!r1 s _m notions & cu/oms1 ! orig9 ( :i* is lo/ 9 ! night ( "t4 ,%all ,i m5tion ! ,jews1 :o1 ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w1 repeat to-day ! same words :i* !y le>n$ m ?an ?irty-?ree c5turies ago8 ,) reg>d to ! ,guebressir ,w4 ,jones might h safely grant$ a little m confid5ce to 8 fri5d ,bahman1 8 ,p]sian read]1 :o always nam$ ) rev]5ce ,z>tu%t1 ^: religion he pr(ess$1 9 common ) _m s call$ ,guebres4 ,= ^! x 0 n necess>y 8to pres]ve ,zoroa/rian books1 9 %eets ( lead or copp]1 at ! bottom ( wells ne> ,yezd30#abj ?is fact1 :i* ,bahman us$ to ass]t1 %[s ! p>ticul> c>e :i* _h once be5 tak5 to gu>d ^! sacr$ docum5ts1 ! v5]ation = :i* mo/ naturally prev5t$ any falsification ( _! kn[n cont5ts4 ,we are confirm$1 by ! au?or ( ! ,dabi/n1 t ,zoroa/] did n *ange ! fundam5tals ( ! anci5t religion2 only ! dualism ( ! pr9ciples1 good & bad1 n exi/+1 z ,i h rem>k$#aba 9 ! ,mahabadian religion1 0 ei!r !n fir/ introduc$1 or only fur!r develop$2 besides1 we see ! cycle ( #ab1jjj ye>s fix$1 & divid$ into f\r p]iods ( #cjjj ye>s ea*2 we he> ! promise ( a ,savi\r to re/ore ! empire ( ,god promulgat$1 & ! de/ruction ( ! _w by fire ann\nc$3 ?is is at ! same "t ! epo* ( ! g5]al resurrection1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable dogmas ( ! ,zoroa/rian religion4 ,al?\gh ?is be n de/itute ( religi\s obs]vances1 yet we f9d sc>ce any pa9ful au/]ity recomm5d$4 ,! tw5ty-fif? gate ( ,zoroa/] conta9s ! rem>kable precept3 8,"k t 9 ?y fai? !re is no fa/+ except t ( avoid+ s93 9 :i* s5se ?\ mu/ fa/ ! :ole ye>40#abb ,! anci5t ,mahabadian religion1 al?\gh adult]at$ be=e1 dur+1 & aft] ,zoroa/]'s life1 seems to h nev] lo/ its grave "* & solemnity4 ,9 ! ,z&-books kn[n to u1 no trace ( temples1 alt>s1 or religi\s symbols exi/4 ,h]odotus knew ( none2 ! fire-places 7 ^u a des]t place1 or ^u m\nta9s2 ! fire ^u ! gr\nd4 ,^u ! ,p]sian monum5ts :i* "t has sp>$1 ^u ! walls ( ! ?\s&-pill>$ palace ( ,isfahan1 & ^u ^? ( ! ,royal tombs we see no idols1 b prie/s & k+s1 p]=m+ ! sacrifice ( fire be=e _! f]v]s1 8ideals ( virtue & sanctity10 & o!r actions r ( a political ?an religi\s "*4 ,! pyra1 r\nd & concave1 repres5t$ ! vault ( heav54 ,nev]!les o!r acc\nts p]mit u to believe1 t1 by association ) o!r nations2 mo/ likely by ! introduction ( sculpture1 ar*itecture1 & pa9t+2 &1 z ! ,dabi/n expressly says1 by ! use ( symbolical language3 a sup]/iti\s wor%ip ( sacr$ places & symbolic images ga9$ a great asc5dancy4 ,?is religion prevail$ dur+ ! times ( ! ,kayanian k+s f ,gu%tasp to ,d>a ! ,second1 dur+ m ?an two c5turies4 ,aft] ! conque/ ( ,p]sia by ,alex&]1 a political & religi\s revolution took place 9 ?is c\ntry1 & ext5d$ to ,greece1 :]e1 accord+ to ! comm5t>y ( ! ,destir1 ! cre$ ( ! ,gu%aspians 0 introduc$4 ,?is is decl>$ to be a m$ium betwe5 ! ,illum9at$ & ! ,rationali/s1 p]haps ! same :i* ! ,dabi/n calls ! fai? ( ! ,beh-d9ians1 8pr(essors ( ! bett] religion40 ,s mu* is av[$ by ,philo1 ,pl9ius1 & o!rs& we h reason to lay /ress ^u ?is av[alt at "o "t ! s call$ b>b>ians 7 reckon$ to be m wise & virtu\s ?an ! ,greeks4 ,dur+ ! ,a%kanian dyna/y 7f ! ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c4 to ! end ( ! second aft] our era71 ! p con=m$ to ! ,kah-z&1 t is1 yield$ to ! sup]/ition1 :i* ! figurative language 0 apt to sugge/4 ,arde%ir1 ! fir/ ,sassanian1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird c5tury ,a4 ,d42 endeavor$ to re-e/abli% ! anci5t religion2 b1 aft] 8 reign ( =ty ye>s1 ! ,kah-z& took & kept ! asc5dancy1 until ! ,p]sian empire fell be=e ! ov]:elm+ p[] ( ! ,muhamm$ans4 ,! ,mah-z& 0 lo/ dur+ ! dom9ation ( ! intol]ant invad]s1 ,greeks1 ,arabs1 & ,turks2 ! ,kah-z& /ill rema9s 9 "s ( its p>ts1 :il/ _m o!rs 7 lo/ 9 ! successive disord]s ( ! /ate4 ,! fifte5? & la/ section ( ! fir/ *apt] treats ( ,mazdak1 :o liv$ 9 ! fif? c5tury ( our era4 ,we are in=m$ ( ! exi/5ce ( a book1 call$ ,desnak1 :i* ! au?or ( ! ,dabi/n saw1 & :i* conta9s ! doctr9e ( ?is re=m]4 ,?is 0 no?+ else ?an ! ,zoroa/rian sy/em ab\t ! two pr9ciples1 ,yez$1 8,god0 or 8light10 & ,ahriman1 8ag5t ( evil0 or 8d>kness10 ) a few peculi>ities :i* did n de/roy ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ! orig9al religion4 ,b1 x 0 ! e?ical "p ( 8 doctr9e :i* at fir/ caus$ a great revolution1 & at la/ ! de/ruction ( ! tea*] & 8 num]\s disciples1 ,mazdak bade all m5 to be p>tn]s 9 ri*es & wom51 j z !y are ( fire1 wat]1 & grass2 private prop]ty 0 n to exi/2 ea* man to enjoy or to endure1 9 8 turn1 ! good & bad lots ( ?is _w4 ,to ?is /range doctr9e may be p]haps appli$ ! say+ ( a great bi%op 7,bossuet73 t 8e error is b an abuse ( "s tru?40 ,to prev5t an excessive inequality ( =tunes 9 society 0 ! object t[>ds :i* celebrat$ anci5t legislators t5d$1 & = :i* frequ5tly wi%es 7 express$1 re=ms project$1 & politico-philosophical romances#abc compos$ by well-mean+ & respectable p]sons4 ,x is !re=e to a natural1 b dang]\s prop5sity ( ! human m9d1 t we ought to ref] ,mazdak's bold & = "s "t too successful attempt1 z well z all ! doctr9es ( ! same t5d5cy1 :i* be=e & aft] him 7 & w h5ce=? be propos$4 ,i h n[ t]m9at$ ! g5]al review ( :at ! fir/ *apt] ( ! ,dabi/n1 & ! fir/ volume ( ! ,engli% translation conta91 conc]n+ ! mo/ anci5t dyna/ies1 religions1 & political in/itutions ( ,p]sia4 #ig ,see page #gj4 #ih ,see vol4 ,i4 p4 #baa et seq4 #ii ,see sir ,john ,malcolm's ,hi/ory ( ,p]sia4 ,f]dusi c\nts #cjd ye>s f ,alex&]'s dea? to ! beg9n+ ( ,gu%tasp's reign2 b he assigns to ! latt] #abj1 & #aab to t ( 8 successor ,bahman ,arj]1 or ,ardi%ir diraz 7,artax]xes longimanus74 ,^! two reigns might h compris$ ^? ( sev]al o!rs n m5tion$ by ,f]dusi4 #ajj ,! duration ( ! :ole ,kayanian dyna/y is /at$ by ! ,ori5tals 7see vol4 ,i4 p4 #ca1 note #a ( ?is "w7 to be #gjd ye>s 9 #aj reigns2 accord+ to ,occid5tal hi/orians1 x is only #chj ye>s 9 #ah reigns4 ,! fir/ /atem5t is evid5tly errone\s z to ! small numb] ( k+s1 b x is n decid$ t x is equally s z to ! duration ( ! :ole dyna/y4 ,! error is m likely to be 9 ! li/ ( ! k+s ?an 9 ! :ole p]iod ( _! reigns4 ,may ,i be p]mitt$ to ref] to my discussion ^u ! *ronology ( ! ,rajat>ang9i 7vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #chg78 #aja ,sir ,william ,jones says 7,works1 vol4 ,,iii4 p4 #abh73 8,x 0 he 7,zoroa/]7n z ,ammianus ass]ts1 8 protector1 ,gu%tasp:o travell$ 9 ,india1 t he might receive in=mation f ! ,brahmans 9 !ology & e?ics40 ,?is is n to be f\nd 9 ! edition ( ,calcutta1 nor 9 ! manuscript ( ! ,dabi/n :i* ,d4 ,%ea & myself h se54 #ajb ,mr4 ,eugne ,burn\f1 :5 he communicat$ to me 8 op9ion ^u ! d]ivation ( ! ^w ,0tir 7see p4 xxii71 adv]t$ incid5tally to t ( ! t]m ,z&-,ave/a1 int]pret$ sometimes 8! ,z& & ! ,u/a10 & said1 t ^! words are f\nd 9 p]haps a s+le passage ( ! books ( ,zoroa/]1 to wit1 huzan? va*a vaidhya *a4 ,^! two words are appli$ to mantras 7pray]s71 & seem to signify 8:i* w give life10 or 8:i* are salut>y to t[ns & nations10 & 8:i* are le>n$40 ,we recognise ! ,sanscrit sujantu & vidya4 #ajc ,see page #ff4 #ajd ,see vol4 ,i4 p4 #bbc4 #aje ,see ,memoirs ( ! life1 writ+s1 & correspond5ce ( sir ,w4 ,jones1 9 8 ,works1 vol4 ,i4 p4 #aij1 #hvo41 ed41 #ahjg4 #ajf ,see works ( sir ,w4 ,j4 vol4 ,x4 p4 #djc et seq4 #ajg ,see ,works ( ,sir ,w4 ,j41 vol4 ,x4 p4 #djc et seq4 #ajh ,see works ( sir ,w4 ,j4 pp4 #dac4 #dcb4 #dcg4 #aji ,de ,pott]'s ,transl4 ( s*ylus1 ,prome!us *a9$4 ,9 ! ,greek orig94 v4 #ddg-def4 #aaj ,voltaire1 ^: g5ius sir ,w4 ,jones knew h[ to appreciate1 said3 8,glorifions-n\s de ce que les vrits les plus importantes sont dev5ues des lieux communs p\r les ,europens1 mais ne n\s en moquons pas1 et sa*ons avoir quelque reconnaissance p\r les anci5s legislateurs qui n\s les ont1 les premi]s1 appris40 #aaa ,see ,transact4 ( ! ,r4 ,a4 ,s4 ( ,great ,brit4 & ,irel41 vol4 ,,iii4 "p ,i4 p4 #ebd et seq4 ,rem>ks on ! ,z& language & ! ,z&-,ave/a4 ,?is able tract is *iefly a comm5t ^u ,ersk9e's ,memoir ,on ! sacr$ book & religion ( ! ,p>sis1 9 ! ,transact4 ( ! ,lit4 ,soc4 ( ,bombay1 vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #bie4 #aab ,sir ,w4 ,j4 says 7see 8 ,works1 vol4 ,,iii4 p4 #aaf7 t1 accord+ to 8 conviction1 ! dialect ( ! ,guebrs1 :i* !y pret5d to be t ( ,z]tu%t1 ( :i* ,bahman1 a ,guebr & 8 ,p]sian read]1 gave him a v>iety ( writt5 specim5s1 is a late inv5tion ( _! prie/s4 ,:at language does he mean8 c]ta9ly n t ( ! ,z&-,ave/a1 ( :i* he speaks 9 p>ticul>1 & /ates 7ibid41 p4 #aah7 8! language ( ! ,z& 0 at lea/ a dialect ( ! ,sanscrit1 approa*+1 p]haps1 z ne>ly to x z ! ,prcrit1 or o!r popul> idioms1 :i* we "k to h be5 spok5 9 ,india two ?\s& ye>s ago40 #aac ,sir ,w4 ,j4's ,works1 vol4 ,v4 pp4 #dad-dae4 #aad ,anquetil compos$ a numb] ( ,memoirs1 read to ! ,fr5* ,in/itut & pres]v$ 9 _! pr9t$ records4 ,he publi%$1 9 #agga1 ?ree qu>to volumes ^u 8 voyages to1 91 & f ,india1 & ! ,works ( ,zoroa/]2 9 #agih1 ,l',inde en rapport avec l',europe2 9 #agii1 ,la ,legislation ori5tale1 ou le despotisme considr dans la ,turquie1 la ,p]se et l',indo/ane4 ,an epi/le :i* he plac$ be=e 8 ,lat9 translation ( ,d>a ,%uko's ,p]sian ,upani%ad1 & address$ to ! ,brahmans ( ,india1 conta9$1 z x 71 8 religi\s & political te/am5t4 ,he decl>es 8 n\ri%m5t to h be5 r$uc$1 l t ( an ab/emi\s ascetic1 liv+1 ev5 9 w9t]1 )\t fire2 & sleep+ 9 a b$ )\t fea!rs or %eets4 ,8 juv5ile boa/ ( 8p]sonal beauty0 0 expiat$ by total neglect ( 8 body1 left 8) l95 un*ang$ & unwa%$20 8 aspirations to 8a va/ ext5t ( le>n+0 _h subsid$ into pati5t & mo/ p]sev]+ /udies4 ,b1 disda9+ to accept gifts & p5sions1 ev5 f gov]nm5t1 he pres]v$ 8 absolute lib]ty1 & bless$ 8 pov]ty1 8z ! salvation ( 8 s\l & body1 ! ramp>t ( morality & ( religion2 a fri5d ( all m52 victori\s ov] ! allurem5ts ( ! _w0 he t5d$ t[>ds ! ,supreme ,be+4 ,well may virtues s r>e efface o!r human fail+s ( ,anquetil du ,p]ron4 ,he di$1 9 8 sev5ty-f\r? ye>1 9 #ahje47,see ,hi/oire et ,mmoires de l',in/itut royal de ,france4 ,classe d',hi/oire et de ,littrature anci5nes1 tome ,,iii4 #ahah47 #aae ,see ,transl41 vol4 ,i4 pp4 #cea-cec4 #aaf ,works1 vol4 ,,iii4 p4 #aae4 #aag ,transl4 vol4 ,i4 p4 #bge4 #aah ,ibid41 p4 #caj4 #aai ,loco cit41 p4 #aag4 #abj ,yezd1 9 c5tral ,p]sia1 is ! anci5t ,isati* ( ,ptolemy4 ,x is celebrat$ on acc\nt ( ! fire-wor%ip ( ,yezdan 7or ,ormuzd1 z light71 !re practis$1 & z ! la/ asylum ( ! adh]5ts to ,zoroa/]'s religion1 :o fl$ be=e ! ,muhamm$ans4 ,f !nce !fire-wor%ipp]s s\ght a refuge 9 ,india1 & settl$ 9 ,diu1 ,bombay1 & 9 ! high] valleys ( ! ,indus & ! ,ganges4 #aba ,see vol4 ,i4 p4 #ga4 #abb ,see vol4 ,i4 p4 #cba4 #abc ,= in/ance1 ! ,utopia ( ,?omas ,moore1 ! ,oceana ( ,h>r+ton1 ! ,levia?an ( ,hobbes1 etc41 etc4 ,,iv4,,! ,,religion ,,( ,,! ,,h9dus4 ,! !atre ^u :i* ! au?or ( ! ,dabi/n beg9s hi/ory f ! remote/ times1 is ,p]sia1 )\t limitation ( its ext5t1 probably includ+ ,*alda4 ,f !nce he passes to ,india1 he says little ( any o!r c\ntry2 no?+ at all ( ,egypt4 ,! delta ( ?is mo/ f]tile l&1 z an alluvial =mation ( ! great riv] ,nile1 0 necess>ily po/]ior to ! exi/5ce ( inl& regions2 /ill its claims to antiquity are v high & n unsupport$1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 by ! be/ writt5 te/imonies & ar*itectural monum5ts4 ,if ,i "h ref] 9 a cursory mann] to its eras1#abd x is to /r5g!n :at 0 above rem>k$ conc]n+ ! g5]al belief ( ! great age ( ! _w4 ,! anci5t religion ( ,egypt1 al?\gh connect$ & con=mable 9 _m po9ts ) o!r ,asiatic religions1 is nev] allud$ to by ! au?or ( ! ,dabi/n1 probably because 9 8 "t ! ,egyptians _h lo/ ev5 ! memory ( _! anci5t hi/ory1 :i* v little attract$ ! curiosity ( _! ma/]s1 ! ,muhamm$ans1 except p]haps by ! m$ium ( ! ,bible ( ! ,jews1 (t5 quot$ 9 _! ,koran4#abe ,i _c "h omit briefly notic+ ! v>i\s op9ions ( sev]al le>n$ m5 conc]n+ ! comp>ative antiquity ( ! ,magi1 ! ,egyptian prie/s1 & ! ,h9du philosoph]s4 ,ari/otle#abf believ$ ! ,magi m anci5t ?an ! ,egyptians2 ,diodorus ( ,sicily#abg believ$ ! ,h9dus to h nev] s5t nor receiv$ colonies1 & inv5t$ e art & sci5ce2 ,lucian1 ,philo/ratus#abh1 & ,eusebius#abi grant$ ant]iority 9 philosophy to ! ,h9dus ov] ! ,egyptians4 ,9 our times ! le>n$ abb ,mignot e/abli%$ 9 ?ree ,memoirs#acj1 t ! ,h9dus ow$ no?+ to ! ,egyptians1 & trac$ ! true communications ( ! =m] ) sev]al nations ( ,asia & ,europe4 ,b sir ,w4 ,jones decl>$ 9 #agheaca1 z n ill-gr\nd$1 ! op9ion t ,e?iopia & ,h9do/an 7 peopl$ or coloniz$ by ! same extraord9>y race1 or t ! ,e?iopians ( ,m]oe 7 ! same p z ! ,h9dus4 ,8 op9ion 0 reproduc$ "u diff]5t =ms by ,h5nel1 ,wil=d1 ,=bes1 ,c>)51 among ! ,engli%1 & adopt$ by ,l4 ,langles among ! ,fr5*4 ,i ne$ n dwell ^u ?is op9ion1 z ! gr\nds ^u :i* x re/$ are n[ consid]$ z entirely de/roy$4 ,sir ,w4 ,jones himself seems to h ab&on$ x 9 #aghi1acb z ! ,dabi/n appe>$ to him to furni% an unexceptionable evid5ce1 t ! ,iranian mon>*y mu/ h be5 ! olde/ 9 ! _w1 al?\gh1 he add$1 x w rema9 dubi\s to :i* ( ! ?ree /ocks1 ,h9du1 ,arabian1 or ,t>t>1 ! fir/ k+s ( ,iran belong$2 or :e!r !y sprang f a f\r? race1 di/9ct f any ( ! o!rs2 ,he fur!r /ates1 t no c\ntry b ,p]sia seems likely to h s5t =? colonies to all ! k+doms ( ,asia1 & t ! ?ree races 7,indians1 ,arabs1 ,t>t>s7 migrat$ f ,iran z f _! common c\ntry1 8! true c5tre ( population1 ( k1 ( languages1 & ( arts2 :i*1 in/ead ( travell+ we/w>d only1 z x has be5 fancifully suppos$1 or ea/w>d1 z might ) equal reason h be5 ass]t$1 7 exp&$ 9 all directions to all ! regions ( ! _w1 9 :i* ! ,h9du race _h settl$ "u v>i\s d5om9ations40 ,! second *apt] ( ! ,dabi/n describes1 9 twelve sections1 ! religi\s sy/ems & cu/oms ( ! ,h9dus4 ,x is a detail$ acc\nt1 giv5 by a ,p]sian :o1 z travell] & resid5t 9 ,india dur+ ab\t ?irty ye>s1 _h ! be/ opportunities to collect "r in=mation2 he %[s himself acqua9t$ ) ! canonical books ( ?is nation2 he quotes _! ,purnas1 & o!r works less kn[n4#acc ,! ,h9dus are1 among all nations1 mo/ p>ticul>ly di/+ui%$ by a decid$ turn = metaphysics1 :i* ev5 t9ctur$ ! radicals ( _! language2 !y h labor$ m ?an o!rs to solve1 exhau/1 compreh5d1 :at is insolvible1 inexhau/ible1 incompreh5sible4 ,to give a g5]al notion ( _! metaphysical !ology1 ,i d n say to r5d] x intelligible1 w\ld require an ext5sive treatise4 ,we w n[ give a few *>act]i/ic & lead+ features ( _! sy/ems z indicat$ 9 ! ,dabi/n4 ,"s ( _! !ological philosoph]s made incr$ible ef=ts to /e] cle> ( an?ropomorphism 9 _! conceptions ( ! ,div9ity3 _! ,brahm1 9 ! neut] g5d]1 has no symbol1 nor image1 nor temple2 !y g5]ally pr(ess ! great pr9ciple ( emanation ( all exi/5ces f a common b unkn[n s\rce4 ,god is ! produc] ( ! beg9n+ & end1 exhibit+ himself 9 ! mirror ( pure space4 ,creation is held to h proce$$ f pure space & "t4 ,o!r ,h9du philosoph]s e/abli%3 #a4 a prim>y1 subtile1 univ]sal sub/ance1 und]go+ modification ?r\gh its own en]gy4 ,?is !y call ,mula ,prakritti1 8rudim5tal nature10 no production b ! root ( all1 involv+1 #b4 sev5 pr9ciples1 :i* are productions & productive 7t is1 intellect1 egotism1 & five subtile elem5ts72 f ^! sev5 proce$3 #c4 sixte5 productions 7to wit1 elev5 organs & five gross elem5ts72 to ^! j m5tion$ tw5ty-f\r 7namely1 ,nature1 sev5 pr9ciples & sixte5 productions72 add1 #d4 ! s\l1 :i* is nei!r a production1 nor productive1 & y h ! tw5ty-five physical & metaphysical categories ( ! ,sankhya philosophy4#acd ,?is /rikes u z a v speci\s me?odical arrangem5t ( an ab/ruse matt]1 :i* is n !reby 9 any degree r5d]$ m intelligible4 ,we seem to und]/& some?+ m :51 z 9 ! ,v$5ta philosophy1 x is said ( ! truly-exi/+ ,be+ 7,god73#ace 8t he has exhibit$ ! 8_w & ! heav5s 9 ! field ( exi/5ce1 b has no?+ l an odor ( be+1 nor tak5 a color ( reality2 & ?is manife/ation is call$ ,mya t is1 #8! ,magic ( ,god1' because ! univ]se is 8 playful deceit1 & he is ! be/[] ( imitative exi/5ce1 himself ! unity ( reality4 ,) ?is pure sub/ance1 l an imitative actor1 he passes e mom5t into ano!r =m4 ,he1 manife/+ 8 be+ & unity 9 ?ree p]sons1 sep>ate f ea* o!r1 =m$ ! univ]se4 ,! connexion ( ! spirits ) ! holy ,be+ is l ! connexion ( ! bill[s ) ! ocean1 or t ( sp>ks ) fire40 ,?is is pure idealism2 b man w spontane\sly break ?r\gh ! %ad[y illusion1 & grasp at "s reality2 ! tr9ity ( ! ,h9dus became creation1 pres]vation1 & de/ruction 7or r5ovation71 ! hi/ory ( nature be=e _! eyes4 ,i %all "h rem>k1 )\t attempt+ to expla91 ! /rik+ contra/ 9 ! religion ( ! same nation betwe5 ! mo/ subtile metaphysic !ology & ! grosse/ idolatry4 ,9 ! latt]1 ! symbolical repres5tation prevails2 x is kn[n1 t 9 its immod]ate use !y h entirely ab&on$ ! normal proportions ( ! human =m1 & by ! multiplication ( memb]s bani%$ all fitness & beauty4 ,_! pla/ic & graphic typification ( an all-mighty1 all-be/[+1 & all-resum+ ,god1 ) its ?ree1 f\r1 five heads1 s _m & m arms1 is repulsive2 9 _! poetry he fright5s u ) innum]able m\?s1 eyes1 brea/s1 arms1 & legs1 gr9d+ betwe5 8 tee? ! g5]ations ( m51 :o precipitate !mselves into 8 m\? l riv]s into ! ocean1 or flies into fire4#acf ,! psy*ology ( ! ,h9dus is n less ab/ruse ?an ! re/ ( _! metaphysics4 ,we h already m5tion$ ! s\l among ! tw5ty-five categories z nei!r a production nor productive4 ,! ,indian philosoph]s di/+ui% _s & s\l1 t is1 a rational s\l & a m]e s5sitive pr9ciple4 ,! fir/ is suppos$ envelop$ ) a subtile1 %ad[y =m ( ! mo/ delicate mat]ial e!r4 ,"s hold ! s\l to be incas$ 9 ?ree %ea?s1 ! intellectual1 ! m5tal1 & ! organic or vital %ea?4#acg ,accord+ to diff]5t views ! vital _s is ,mya h]self1 or an emanation ( ,my1 9 any case ! illusive manife/ation ( ! univ]se4 ,?is +5u\s conception seems to h tak5 deep & complete possession ( ! ,h9dus2 x dom9ates 9 _! mo/ subtile ab/ractions1 & embodies itself 9 a ?\s& =ms to _! vivid & luxuriant imag9ation4 ,! ,saktians1 a sect w$d$ to s5sual mat]ialism1 repres5t ,my z a ,sakt or en]gy ( ,siva2 %e is 8! "m ( ! univ]se20 8non-entity f9ds no access to ?is creator1 ! g>m5t ( p]i%abl5ess does n sit "r ^u ! body ( ?is fasc9at+ empress2 ! du/ ( no?+ness does n move r\nd ! circle ( h] dom9ion2 ! real be+s & ! accid5tal creatures ( ! ne!r _w are equally enam\r$ & intoxicat$ ) desire be=e h]40 ,above ! six circles1 into :i* ! ,h9dus divide ! human body1 is 8! w9d[ ( life1 & ! passage ( ! s\l1 :i* is ! top & middle ( ! head1 & 9 t place is ! fl[] ( ! back ( "o ?\s& leaves3 ?is is ! resid5ce ( ! glori\s div9ity1 t is1 ( ! _w-deceiv+ que51 & 9 ?is beautiful site reposes h] orig94 ,) ! spl5dor ( "o hundr$ ?\s& _w-illum9at+ suns1 %e we>s1 at ! "t ( ris+1 manifold odorif]\s h]bs & v>i\s fl[]s ^u h] head1 & ar\nd h] neck3 h] respl5d5t body is p5etrat$ ) p]fumes ( div]s preci\s +r$i5ts1 su* z musk1 safran1 s&al1 & amb]1 & b$eck$ ) magnific5t g>m5ts2 9 ?is mann]1 %e is to be repres5t$40#ach ,?us we see ! poetical imag9ation ( ! ,h9dus1 play+1 z x 71 ) ab/rus5ess1 mat]ializ+ :at is spiritual1 & spiritualiz+ :at is mat]ial4 ,*>act]i/ic ( & peculi> to ! ,h9dus1 are _! conceptions relative to ! /ates ( ! embodi$ s\l1 :i* are *iefly ?ree3 8wak+1 dream+1 & pr(\nd sleep40#ach ,9 ^! ?ree conditions ! s\l is imprison$1 b x may1 by virtue & sanctity1 break ! net ( illusion1 t is1 acquire ! consci\sness ( ! illusion :i* captivates x1 & "k t1 ev5 :5 awake1 man is dream+3 ?is is ! triumph ( 8 p]fection4 ,su*1 & o!r notions1 9 _! developm5t & application1 =m a sy/em ( metaphysics1 9 :i* excess & abuse ( ref9$ speculations lose !mselves 9 obscurity1 contradiction1 & absurdity4 ,among ! ,indian sect>ies appe> ! ,*>vak1 :o1 reject+ ! popul> religion1 foll[ _! own sy/em ( philosophic op9ions4 ,( ,buddha & ! ,buddhi/s1 we are disappo9t$ to f9d s little 9 ! ,dabi/n1 except ! important in=mation t ,vi*nu1 9 ord] to de/roy ! demons & evil g5ii1 ! ag5ts ( night1 assum$ ! avatr ( ,buddha :5 t5 ye>s only ( ! ,dwap>yug rema9$1 t is1 #caab ye>s be=e ,*ri/4 ,9 ! section on ! t5ets held by ! foll[]s ( ,buddha1 ^! religioni/s are call$ ,jatis or ,yatis1 a great numb] ( :om are corn-trad]s & get _! livelihood z s]vants2 !y are divid$ 9 sev]al classes1 & d n believe ! inc>nations ( ! deity2 z to ! re/1 !y h t5ets & cu/oms 9 common ) o!r ,indian sects1 only di/+ui%+ !mselves by a great av]sion to ,brahmans1 & an extreme c>e ( n hurt+ animal life4 ,9 ! :ole acc\nt1 :i* ! ,dabi/n gives ( ! v>i\s sects & doctr9es ( ! ,h9dus1 we c b rem>k a frequ5t confusion ( ,indian ) ,muhamm$an notions & /ories4 ,inde$1 ?is "w hav+ be5 writt5 9 ,india at a "t :51 aft] a soj\rn ( m ?an sev5 c5turies1 ab\t tw5ty millions ( ,muselmans appe>$1 z x 71 lo/ 9 ! mid/ ( "o hundr$ millions ( ,h9dus1 we _c wond] t a mutual assimilation 9 op9ions & cu/oms took place among individuals ( bo? religions4 ,a rem>kable in/ance ( x pres5ts itself 9 ! p]son ( ,kabir1 r5[n$ 9 8 "t = sanctity4 ,aft] 8 dea?1 bo? ! ,h9dus & ,muhamm$ans claim$ 8 corpse = fun]al honors2 monum5ts erect$ to him by ea* p>ty exi/ 9 our days1 ) ! prov]bial precept :i* orig9at$ f ?is ev5t3 8,live s z to be claim$ aft] dea? to be burnt by ,h9dus1 & to be buri$ by ,muslims40 ,! ,indian ,yogis1 ,sanysis1 & ,vairagis are p]petually conf\nd$ ) ,muhamm$an ,durvi%es1 & ,sufis1 ( :om h]eaft]4 ,we d n fail to meet ) _m traces ( ! anci5t ,p]sian a/rolatry & pyrolatry among ! ,indians4 ,mohsan m5tions ! ,surya-makhan 7,sauras71 8wor%ipp]s ( ! sun10 & p]iphrases1 z address$ to t lum9>y1 a ,sanscrit pray]1 :i* seems to be "o ( ^? call$ gaytri1 ! holie/ v]ses ( ! ,v$as1 kept z my/]i\s by ! ,brahmans1 & pron\nc$ ) ! deepe/ s5se ( conc5trat$ devotion4 ,9 our days1 m ?an "o gaytri has be5 made kn[n4#aci ,we _c d\bt t 7accord+ to ! poet7#adj 8,t va/ s\rce ( liquid light1 ! e!real sun1 :i* p]petually laves heav5 ) ev]-r5ew$ brightness10 01 f ! remote/ times1 ! object ( adoration 9 ,india4 ,! ,dabi/n m5tions also ! ,*&ra-bakhtra1 8wor%ipp]s ( ! moon40 ,ev5 9 our days we f9d ! v5]ation = ! sun1 ! planets1 & fire1 op5ly practis$ by ! ,h9dus4 ,! wor%ipp]s ( ! latt] elem5ts call$ ,sagnkas1 are v num]\s at ,b5>es2#ada !y keep _m agni-hotras1 8burnt-(f]+s10 cont9ually blaz+2 !y k9dle1 ) two pieces ( sacr$ wood1 call$ smi1 a fire1 nev] ext+ui%$ dur+ _! lives1 = ! p]=mance ( solemn sacrifices1 _! nuptial c]emonies1 ! obsequies ( dep>t$ ance/ors1 & _! own fun]al pile4 ,!re are besides p>ticul> wor%ipp]s ( ! w9d1 wat]1 e>?1 & ! ?ree k+doms ( nature4 ,! latt] are call$ ,tripujas1 8tr9it>ians40 ,we f9d also ,manu%ya-bhakta1 8wor%ipp]s ( mank9d10 :o recognise ! be+ ( ,god 9 man1 & believe no?+ to be m p]fect ?an mank9d2 l ,*ann+1 a fam\s ,am]ican prea*] ( our days4 ,9 %ort1 ! wor%ip ( p]sonifi$ nature1 9 its utmo/ ext5t1 is mo/ evid5t 9 :at we "k ( ! ,v$as1 & nev] ceas$ to be ! g5]al religion ( ! ,h9dus4 ,n )\t int]e/ w be read 9 ! ,dabi/n ! acc\nt ( ,nanak1#adb ! f\nd] ( ! ,sikh religion & dom9ation4 ,he is !re repres5t$ z hav+ be51 9 a =m] age1 ,janaka1 sov]eign ( ,mi?ila1 & fa!r ( ,sit1 ! wife ( ,rama4 ,! revolution effect$ by ,nanak1 9 ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 proves t ! ,h9dus are n q s un*angeable 9 religion & cu/oms z is g5]ally believ$4 ,x is h[ev] to be rem>k$1 t ! ,panj-ab1 ! c\ntry ( ! ,sikhs1 0 always consid]$ by ! ,brahmans z ! seat ( het]odoxy 7probably ,buddhism71 & blam$ = irregul>ity ( mann]s4 ,mohsan's acc\nt w be f\nd to add confirmation & a few p>ticul>s to t giv5 ( ,nanak1 f ! be/ s\rces! g5]als sir ,john ,malcolm1 & ,john ,briggs4 ,:at w appe> mo/ valuable 9 ?is "w is ! description ( v>i\s usages1 "s ( :i* h nev] be5 describ$ else:]e4 ,! mo/ anci5t cu/oms are br\ght to recollection4 ,?us1 we f9d /at$1 on ! au?ority ( ,maha bh>at1 t wid[s c\ld =m]ly take o!r husb&sm>ri$ wom51 ) ! cons5t ( _! husb&s1 ma9ta9 int]c\rse ) o!r m5sev]al individuals1 ( ! same race & religion1 esp\se "o wife among !m29 anci5t times !re exi/$ no su* practice z appropriation ( husb& & wife2 e woman be+ all[$ to cohabit ) :omsoev] %e lik$2 conjugal fidelity 0 only 9 lat] times made a duty4 ,mu* ( :at he describes may be se51 ev5 9 our days1 9 ,india1 :]e all ! degrees ( civilisation :i* ! ,h9dus ev] atta9$1 f ! l[e/ to ! highe/1 occur "h & !re )9 a small compass ( c\ntry4 ,s con/ant are !y 9 good & bad6 ,! :ole ( antiquity is /ill liv+ 9 ,india1 & ,h]odotus /&s confirm$ 9 :at appe>$ mo/ incr$ible 9 8 n>rative by ! te/imonies ( ,mohsan ,fni1 ! rev]5d abbe ,dubois1#adc ,w>d1 & o!rs4 ,! ,p]sian au?or int]sp]ses 8 acc\nt ) anecdotes :i* *>act]ise 9 ! mo/ lively mann] individuals1 sects1 & tribes4 ,if n[ & !n we mu/ av]t our eyes f disgu/+ sc5es ( human degradation1 m frequ5tly we admire man1 ev5 9 8 errors1 = ! p[] & comm& ( ! m5tal ov] ! physical "p ( 8 nature4 ,! nak$ ,yogi1 :o inflicts ! mo/ cruel tortures ^u himself1 wants b a bett] motive = be+ ju/ly extoll$ z a h]o ( =titude2 dea? appe>s to him an habitual companion1 into ^: arms he s9ks )\t fe>2 ov]p[]$ by malady1 he buries himself alive4 ,we may be a/oni%$ at ! numb] ( unbeliev]s among ! ,h9dus ( :om we read1 & at ! lic5ti\sness ( _! op9ions1 express$ ) a /r5g? :i* we %\ld ?9k c>ri$ to excess4#add ,we p]ceive also t1 9 contradiction to common belief1 9 ! mid/ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 :5 ! ,dabi/n 0 compos$ 7#afde ,a4 ,d47 a num]\s class ( ,indians assum$ ! "n ( ,muselmans1 b x mu/ be rem>k$1 t ! ,h9dus nei!r endeavor to make1 nor easily admit1 proselytes3 because _! religion dep5ds mu* less ^u cre$1 9 :i* !y are latitud9>ians1 ?an ^u ! fix$ cu/oms ( _! ca/es1 ! "* ( :i*1 be+ d]iv$ f bir?1 _c be transf]r$ to /rang]s4#ade ,we %all see h]eaft] 9 :at mann] ,h9dus & ,muhamm$ans may be conf\nd$ ) ea* o!r4 ,s mu* ( ,india be+ kn[n 9 our days1 we h ! facility ( try+ ! v]acity & correctness ( ! ,dabi/n conc]n+ ?is c\ntry4 ,its acc\nt w be f\nd1 ,i d>e say1 r incomplete 9 ! small compass 9 :i* s ext5sive a subject 0 inclos$1 b n inaccurate 9 ! greate/ "p ( its v>i\s /atem5ts4 ,sir ,w4 ,jones#adf be>s ,mohsan ,fani ! te/imony1 8t 8 in=mation conc]n+ ! ,h9dus is wond]fully correct40 ,let u comp>e ! acc\nt giv5 by him ) all t has be5 publi%$ ab\t ,india by ! be/ in/ruct$ ,europeans be=e ! f\ndation ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,b5gal1 & we %all regret t ! ,dabi/n 0 br\ght into notice s late4 ,:atev] x be1 ! p>ticul> views ( a ,p]sian1 ?r\gh a m$ium ( education1 religion1 & cu/om1 s diff]5t f t ?r\gh :i* we consid] ,india1 c b int]e/ u by _! novelty1 & by !mselves add some?+ to our in=mation ab\t ! "* ( ,asiatics4 #abd ,accord+ to ,mane?o1 a high-prie/ ( ,heliopolis1 ! ,egyptians c\nt$ #ec1ebe ye>s2 !y saw twice ! sun set :]e he n[ rises!y saw 7z well z ! ,*aldeans7 ! ecliptic p]p5dicul> ^u ! equator be=e #ci1gaj ye>s4 ,h]odotus 7lib4 ,,ii7 attributes to !m1 m mod]ately1 #ae1hhb hi/orical ye>s4 #abe ,! hi/ory ( ,joseph1 ,ph>aoh1 ,moses 9 ,egypt1 is (t5 ref]r$ to by ,muhamm$ & 8 foll[]s2 !y /ate t ! ,egyptian k+ pr(ess$ a religion unlike t m5tion$ by ,greek au?ors1 ) :om ! ,bible also disagrees4 ,9 g5]al1 mono!ism is adv]se to ! exam9ation ( poly!i/ical sy/ems1 & seldom accurate 9 ! repres5tation ( _! t5ets4 #abf ,quot$ by ,diog5es ,la]tius1 ,prm41 p4 #f4 #abg ,lib4 ,,ii4 p4 #aac4 edit4 ,wossel4 #abh ,vita ,apol4 c4 #f4 #abi ,*ron4 lib4 po/41 n4 #djj4 #acj ,mmoires de ,littrature de l',acadmie royale des ,inscriptions et ,belles-,lettres1 tome ,,xxxi4 #aca ,works1 vol4 ,,iii4 p4 #da4 #acb ,ibid41 pp4 #aaa4 #acd4 #acc ,su* is ! ,jog-,vasi%ta1 m5tion$ 7vol4 ,,ii4 pp4 #bh & #bef7 z a v anci5t book4 ,sir ,w4 ,jones calls x "o ( ! f9e/ compositions on ! philosophy ( ! ,v$anta s*ool2 x conta9s ! in/ructions ( ! great ,vasi%ta to 8 pupil ,rama4 ,"l ,teignm\? says1 t sev]al ,p]sian v]sions ( ?is "w exi/1 & quotes "s passages ( !m1 :i*1 comp>$ ) ! orig9al ,sanscrit1 7 f\nd sub/antially accurate4 #acd ,see ! detail$ table ( x1 vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #abb4 #ace ,vol4 ,,ii4 pp4 #ia-ib4 #acf ,see ,bhagavad-gita1 vv4 #af4 #bc4 #bh4 #bi4 ,s*legel's ed4 #acg vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #bd4 #ach ,see vol4 ,,ii4 pp4 #aej-aea4 #aci ,t :i* sir ,w4 ,jones quotes 7see ,works1 vol4 ,,xiii4 p4 #cfg7 is1 p]haps1 mo/ to be dep5d$ ^u4 #adj ,lucretius1 ,v4 v4 #bhb3 ,l>gus item liquidi fons lum9is1 !reus sol1 ,irrigat assidu clum c&ore rec5ti4 #ada ,sir ,w4 ,j41 ,works1 vol4 ,,iii4 p4 #abg4 #adb ,vol4 ,,ii4 pp4 #bdf-bhh4 #adc ,see ,murs1 ,in/itutions et ,crmonies des ,peuples de l',inde2 p> ,m4 l'abb ,j4 ,a4 ,dubois1 ci-devant missionnaire dans le ,meiss\r4 ,p>is1 #ahbe4 ,?is "w 0 fir/ publi%$ 9 ! ,engli% language1 ,london1 #ahaf4 ,x _h be5 translat$ f ! au?or's ,fr5* manuscript1 :i* "l ,william ,b5t9ck1 gov]nor ( ,madras1 pur*as$ on ! acc\nt ( ! ,ea/ ,india ,company1 9 #ahjg4 ,?is composition receiv$ ! approbation ( major ,wilks1 resid5t ( ,maiss\r1 sir ,james ,mack9to%1 & ,william ,ersk9e1 ,esq42 to :i* ,i am happy to add ! mo/ decisive judgm5t ( ! honorably-kn[n ,brahman1 ,ram ,mohun ,roy1 :om ,i (t5 he>d say3 8,! ,european :o be/ knew ! ,h9dus1 & gave ! mo/ fai?ful acc\nt ( !m1 0 ! abb ,dubois40 #add ,see vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #bja4 #ade ,! celebrat$ ,ram ,mohun ,roy _h ab&on$ all ! t5ets1 b rema9$ z mu* z possible atta*$ to ! cu/oms1 ( 8 ,brahm9ical ca/e4 #adf ,8 ,works1 vol4 ,,iv4 p4 #af4 ,v4,,retrospect ,,( ,,! ,,p]sian ,,& ,,indian ,,religions4 ,i h endeavor$ to trace ! mo/ rem>kable features ( ,p]sian & ,indian religions f among ^? :i* are conta9$ 9 ! ,dabi/n4 ,9 !m we recognise resemblances1 &1 9 m ?an "o po9t1 ev5 co9cid5ces1 :i* appe> n m]ely tak5 f ea* o!r 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 b r orig9ally inwov5 9 ! respective in/itutions4 ,?is may be expla9$1 p>tly by ! g5]al probability t nations1 pass+ ?r\gh ! same /ages ( civilisation1 might agree 9 sev]al p>ts ( religion1 politics1 & philosophy1 & *iefly by ! fact1 n[ g5]ally admitt$ among ! le>n$1#adg t 9 v remote times1 a union ( all ! ,arian nations1 among :om ! ,p]sians & ,indians are c\nt$1 exi/$ 9 ! common regions ( c5tral ,asia4 ,sir ,w4 ,jones#adh goes s f> z to say3 8,we _c d\bt t ! book ( ,mahabad1 or ,manu1 writt5 9 a cele/ial dialect1 means ! ,v$a40 ,william von ,s*legel mo/ +5i\sly surmises1#adi 8t ! "n ( ,z& may be b a corruption ( ! ,sanscrit ^w *h&as1 "o ( ! mo/ usual names ( ! ,v$as40 ,! f\rte5 ,mahabadians are to him3 8,no?+ else b ! f\rte5 ,manus1 pa/ & future1 ( ! ,brahmanical my?ology40#aej ,?us we %\ld h to ?ank ,mohsan ,fani = a confirmation ( ! above-/at$ hi/orical fact2 ! ,mahabadians 7 no?+ else b ,mahabodhis1 9 good ,sanscrit1 8great deifi$ tea*]s20 he w\ld h plac$ !m1 z did lately ,burn\f1 ,lass51 & ,*>les ,ritt]1 some:]e on ! highl&s ( ,iran1 & he inv5t$ no?+4 ,f ! ante-hi/orical dyna/ies desc5d+ to lat] times1 let u consid] t1 accord+ to respectable traditions1#aea !re exi/$ fri5dly & ho/ile relations betwe5 ,iran & ,p]sia 9 ! "t ( ! ,iranian k+ ,f]idun1 #agbi ye>s be=e our era3 he reconduct$ ) an army a fugitive ,indian pr9ce1 & r5d]$ ,india tribut>y4 ,two o!r invasions took place "u ! ,p]sian mon>* ,manu*eh]1#aeb aft] :i* ! ,indians recov]$ _! lib]ty4 ,"u ,kai ,kobad#aec fl\ri%$ ,ru/um1 :o rul$1 beside o!r c\ntries1 ,seji/an & ,kabul1 conqu]$ ! ,panj-b1 & c>ri$ w> into ! bosom ( ,arya v>ta4 ,?is c\ntry 0 also attack$ by ,afrasiab1 a ,turan pr9ce1#aed !n possessor ( ,p]sia4 ,f]dusi's ,%ah-namah indicates exp$itions ( ,f]amurs1 a son ( ,ru/um1 to ,india1 "u ! reign ( ,kai ,khosr4 ,we arrive at ! epo* ( ,gu%tasp1 :o ord]$ ! ,indus to be explor$1 & al?\gh he _h n1 z ,h]odotus ass]ts1#aee conqu]$ ! ,indians1 he ent]ta9$ religi\s relations ) t nation4 ,aft] ,alex&]'s conque/ ( ,p]sia1 ,sassan1 ! son ( ,d>a1 retir$ to ,h9d1 :]e1 devot$ to ! s]vice ( ,god1 he di$4#aef ,aft] a v obscure p]iod ( ,p]sian hi/ory1 ,arde%ir1 direct$ by a dream1 br\ght an (fspr+ ( ,sassan f ,kabuli/an to ,i/akh>4 ,we _c d\bt t at all times a communication 0 op5 betwe5 ,iran & ,india1 :]e ,bahram ,gor m>ri$ an ,indian pr9cess1 & :5ce ,nu%irvan receiv$ a celebrat$ book & ! game ( *ess4 ,9 our sev5? c5tury1 ! ,muhamm$an ,arabians1 driv5 by ! _s ( conque/1 turn$ _! arms t[>ds ,india1 b /opp$ on ! bord]s ( ! ,indus4 ,x 0 res]v$ to ,muhamm$an ,moghuls1 mix$ ) ,p]sians1 to e/abli% 9 ! mid/ ( ,india an empire :i*1 aft] eight hundr$ ye>s1 disjo9$ by v>i\s disord]s1 fell into ! h&s ( ! ,engli%4 ,?is rapid sket* is p]haps suffici5t to expla9 any mixture1 fusion1 & resemblance ( ,p]sian & ,indian doctr9es & in/itutions1 if ev5 we 7 n dispos$ to seek _! f\nta9-head 9 ! sacr$ gloom ( ! remote/ antiquity4 ,:atev] x be1 9 any case1 x w no m be said1 t ! ,dabi/n 0 writt5 8) ! int5tion to claim = ,p]sia ! pre-em95ce ov] ,india1 conc]n+ ! antiquity ( religi\s revelations40#aeg ,9 fact1 ,mohsan ,fani nev] explicitly alludes to a comp>ative antiquity betwe5 ! ,p]sians & ,indians1 & implicitly ackn[l$ges ! ant]iority ( ! ,indian religion ov] ! ,zoroa/rian1 9 a "p ( ,p]sia at lea/1 by relat+ t ,gu%tasp 0 conv]t$ f ! =m] to ! latt] by ,z>du%t1 by :om also ! ,indian sage1 ,sankh>a at*>ya1 0 vanqui%$4 ,aft] a m accurate exam9ation1 ! resemblance betwe5 ! said religions w be f\nd to exi/ c]ta9ly 9 p>ticul> pr9ciples & t5ets1 b n at all 9 ! g5]al "* or ! _s ( ^! religi\s sy/ems4 ,no?+ c be m dissimil> ?an ! au/]ity ( ,mezdaism & ! luxuriancy ( ,h9duism 9 ! developm5t ( _! respective dogmas1 & p>ticul>ly 9 _! wor%ip1 z 0 already obs]v$4#aeh ,we _c h[ev] d5y1 t n a little ( ! simil>ity 9 ! acc\nt ( diff]5t religions belongs to ! au?or ( ! ,dabi/n1 :o mo/ naturally conf\nd$ ! ideas ( 8 own ) ^? ( m anci5t times1 & us$ expressions prop] to 8 p>ticul> cre$ :5 speak+ ( t ( o!rs4 ,?us he employs v (t5 ! t]m angels = t ( div9ities1 & c>ries ! mania ( allegoris+1 s peculi> to ! lat] ,muhamm$an ,sfis1 into 8 description ( ! ,indian my?ology4 ,?is sort ( sub/itution1 or ^! ana*ronisms ( expression1 are to be rem>k$ 9 ! n>rative ( o!r au?ors1 prais$ = g5]al correctness & v]acity2 ,i c "h s mu* ! m readily call to m9d simil> inaccuracies 9 ! acc\nts :i* ,greek hi/orians1 & 9 p>ticul> ! philosophic ,x5ophon1 gave ( ,p]sia1 z ,i may add1 t 9 _m po9ts !y agree ) our ,mohsan ,fani4 #adg ,see above1 p4 #gf4 #adh ,8 ,works1 vol4 ,,iv4 p4 #aje4 #adi ,loco cit41 p4 #fi4 #aej ,ibid41 p4 #ea4 ,among ! ,p]sians is ev5 f\nd ,behe%t-i-,gang1 & ,gang-diz1 8! ,p>adise10 & 8! ca/le ( ,ganga0 7,hyde1 p4 #agj74,mr4 ,julius ,mohl says 7,j\rnal asiatique1 m>s #ahda1 p4 #bha73 8,zohac is ! repres5tative ( a ,semitical dyna/y1 :i* 9 ,p]sia took place ( ! ,indian dyna/y1 & ov]?rew ! entirely ,brahmanical in/itutions ( ,jam%id40 ,we see ! op9ion t ,h9duism once resid$ 9 ,iran daily ga9+ gr\nd4 #aea ,! ,hi/ory ( ,h9do/an1 etc41 by ,alex4 ,d[1 #agfh1 t4 ,i4 p4 #ab et seq4 ,! same1 by ,j4 ,briggs1 #ahbi4 ,introd41 *4 p4 xiv4 et seq4 #aeb ,! ,m&auces ( ,ctesias & ( ,moses ( ,*or5e4 ,he reign$1 accord+ to ,f]dusi1 ,b4 ,c41 f #abbi-aaji2 accord+ to our *ronog]s1 f #gcj-gae4 #aec ,! ,arphaxad ( ! ,hebrews2 ! ,dejoces ( ,h]odotus2 ! ,arsu ( ,ctesias2 he is plac$ ,b4 ,c4 #ajge by ! ,ori5tals2 #fif ye>s by ! ,occid5tals4 #aed ,all k+s ( ,turan 7 call$ ,afrasib4 #aee ,lib4 ,,iv4 #aef ,see ,! ,destir1 ,engl4 trans41 p4 #ahe4 #aeg ,see be=e1 p4 #ge4 #aeh ,see page #ajb4 ,,vi4,,! ,,religion ,,( ,,! ,,tabitian 7,,tibetans74 ,! ?ird *apt] ( ! ,dabi/n treats ( ! religion ( ! ,k]a ,tabitn 7,tibitans74 ,! au?or says t he receiv$ 8 in=mation f a le>n$ man ( ?is sect by means ( an int]pret]1 :o did n always satisfy 8 inquiries2 ! little he says appe>s to belong to a class ( ,buddhi/ic ,h9duism1 & n to be de/itute ( tru?4 ,,vii4,,! ,,religion ,,( ,,! ,,jews4 ,!n foll[s1 9 ! f\r? *apt]1 a %ort acc\nt ( ! religion ( ! ,yahuds or ,jews4 ,! au?or d]iv$ 8 notion f a ,rabb9 conv]t$ to ,muhamm$ism1 & /ates no?+ :i* 0 n really pr(ess$ by "o ( ! ,jewi% sects1 :i*1 9 8 summ>y n>ration1 he does n di/+ui%4 ,he gives a ,p]sian translation ( ! fir/ five *apt]s1 & a "p ( ! six? *apt] ( ! ,g5esis f ! ,hebrew orig9al2 a comp>ison ( x ) sev]al o!r translations kn[n 9 ,europe1 proves its g5]al accuracy2 ,i ?\ght x n alto!r unimportant to po9t out ! few v>iations :i* occur4 ,,viii4,,! ,,religion ,,( ,,! ,,*ri/ians4 ,x is n )\t great int]e/ t an ,european ,*ri/ian w p]use ! fif? *apt]1 9 :i* a ,p]sian treats ( ! religion ( ! ,t>sas1 t is1 8,*ri/ians40 ,mohsan ,fani decl>es1 t he saw sev]al le>n$ ,*ri/ians1 su* z ! ,padre ,francis1#aei highly e/eem$ by ! ,portuguese 9 ,goa & 9 ,surat4 ,we c sc>ce d\bt1 t x 0 f t fa!r1 or "s o!r ,roman ,ca?olic mission>y1 t he receiv$ 8 in=mation2 z he portrays p>ticul>ly ! ,roman ,ca?olic doctr9e1 ( :i*1 9 my op9ion1 he exhibits a m fai?ful idea ?an t :i* a great numb] ( ,prote/ants ent]ta91 & are wont to express4 ,e ,*ri/ian may be satisfi$ ) ! picture ( 8 religion1 :i*1 al?\gh contract$ 9 a small compass1 is nev]!less fai?fully drawn by a =eign b imp>tial h&4 ,mohsan ,fani1 9 sev5te5 pages ( our translation1 /ates only a few circum/ances ( ! life ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & a few dogmas relative to him z son ( ,god1 & ! second p]son ( ! holy ,tr9ity4 ,9 ! acc\nt ( sev5 sacram5ts1 ! eu*>i/ is *>act]is$ 9 a mann] :i* w n fail to attract att5tion4#afj ,sc>ce any rites or c]emonies are m5tion$2 ! greate/ "p ( ! /atem5t relates to ! moral precepts ( ,*ri/ianity1 :i* pres5ts an advantage\s contra/ ) ! _m absurd & sup]/iti\s duties1 ) :i* o!r religions are encumb]$4 ,?us1 we f9d confirm$ 9 ! ,dabi/n t ! ,p5tateu* ( ! ,jews & ! ,gospel ( ! ,*ri/ians 7 bo? suffici5tly famili> to ,muhamm$ans :o _h any pret5sion to le>n+4 #aei ,probably a ,portuguese4 ,f him ,mohsan ,fani might h receiv$ ! in=mation 7see vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #cjg7 t an image ( ,/4 ,v]onica is pres]v$ 9 a t[n ( ,spa91 probably )9 ! ye> #afda1 be=e x 0 kn[n 9 ,india t ,portugal _h fre$ itself f ! dom9ation ( ,spa91 :i* ev5t took place on ! #a/ ,decemb]1 #afdj4 ,on t acc\nt1 ! fa!r spoke ( ! p59sul> sov]eign z /ill possessor ( bo? k+doms1 &1 in/ead ( call+ him k+ ( ,spa91 /yl$ him k+ ( ,portugal1 f fond p>tiality = 8 native c\ntry4 ,?is rem>k 0 sugge/$ to me by ! le>n$ visc\nt ( ,sant>em47,see vol4 ,,ii4 pp4 #cjg4 #cjh1 note #a47 #afj ,see vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #cae4 8,! holie/ ( all ! sacram5ts1 z x pres5ts ! ,"l ,jesus "u ! =m ( bread1 t x may become ! p[] ( ! s\l40 ,?is def9ition 0 mo/ likely n t :i* ,mohsan ,fani he>d f fa!r ,francis1 b ! intellig5t ,p]sian might h und]/ood t a /rong & lively repres5tation ( an object is equival5t to its real pres5ce1 :i* latt] words mu/ h be5 ^? us$1 z or?odox1 by a ,roman ,ca?olic prie/4 ,,ix4,,! ,,religion ,,( ,,! ,,muselmans4 ,! au?or ( ! ,dabi/n1 aft] hav+ treat$ ( ! mo/ anci5t religions1 passes to ! comp>atively mod]n religi\s sy/em ( ,arabia4 ,! ,arabians1 al?\gh frequ5tly attack$1 7 nev] conqu]$ by ! ,assyrians1 ,m$ians1 ,p]sians1 or ,romans2 !y ma9ta9$ _! political indep5dance1 b c\ld n avoid nor resi/ ! religi\s influ5ce ( nations ) :om !y 71 dur+ ages1 9 v>i\s relations4 ,! anci5t hi/ory ( ,arabia is lo/1 l t ( _m o!r nations2 s mu* is kn[n ( _! olde/ religion1 t x resembl$ t ( ! ,p]sians & ,h9dus3 x 0 ! ,magism or ,sabism2 ! />s 7 wor%ipp$ z idols f ! remote/ times2 we read ( ant$iluvian idols4 ,at ! "t1 :i* we n[ consid]1 t is ! sev5? c5tury ( our era1 all ! !n exi/+ religions seem$ to be f> remote f _! orig9al simplicity & purity2#afa idolatry 0 dom9ant1 & ,mono!ism pres]v$ & positively pr(ess$ only 9 ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity1 al?\gh likewise corrupt$ by v>i\s k9ds ( sup]/ition4 ,foll[]s ( bo? ^! religions 7 settl$ 9 ,arabia1 to :i* region ! ,jews fl$ f ! cruel de/ruction ( _! c\ntry by ! ,romans2 & ! ,*ri/ians1 on acc\nt ( ! p]secutions & disord]s :i* _h aris5 9 ! ,ea/]n *ur*4 ,we see by :at facts1 circum/ances1 & notions ,muhamm$ 0 act$ ^u1 :il/ n\ri%+ 8 religi\s en?usiasm by solit>y contemplation 9 ! cav]n ( m\nt ,h>a1 to :i* he 0 wont to retire = "o mon? 9 e ye>4 ,9 8 =tie? ye>1 at ! same age at :i* ,zoroa/] began to tea* #fjj ye>s be=e ,*ri/ 7accord+ to "s *ronolog]s71 ,muhamm$1 z _m ye>s aft] ! ,messiah1 assum$ ! prophetic mission to re=m ! ,arabians4 ,he felt ! necessity ( seiz+ "s safe & ess5tial dogmas 9 ! *aos ( ,magian1 ,zoroa/rian1 ,jewi%1 & ,*ri/ian notions2 broke all ! figures ( planets 9 ! temple ( ,mecca1 & decl>$ ! mo/ viol5t w> aga9/ all pla/ic1 grav51 & pa9t$ idols2 he left undi/urb$ only ! black /one1 ,saturn's emblem be=e1 & at ! "t :5 ! ,jewi% traditions claim$ x = ,abraham1 & ev5 transport$ x to heav54 ,muhamm$ pref]r$ ! latt] to ! m anci5t sup]/ition2 z to ! re/1 he abhorr$ ! prevail+ idolatry ( ! ,sabaians2 & blam$ ! corruption ( mono!ism 9 ! ,jews & ,*ri/ians4 ,he felt 9 himself ! p[]ful _s1 & und]took to re-e/abli% ! ,t\hid1 8! unity & spiritualism ( ,god20 he prea*$ ) en?usia/ic zeal ! ,islam1 8devot$ness und resignation to ,god40 ,b1 9 ord] to f\nd & to exp& ! great & necess>y tru?s1 he knew no o!r means1 b to atta* ! believ]s to 8 own p]son1 & to accu/om !m to bl9d ob$i5ce to 8 dictates2 he proclaim$3 8,!re is no ,god b ,god1 & ,muhamm$ is 8 prophet20 he gave !m ! ,koran1 ! only holy book1 9 :i* 8 precepts 7 z _m comm&s proclaim$ "u ! p5alty ( et]nal damnation4 ,9 ! ,muhamm$an all spontaneity is /ifl$2 all desire1 all attempt to be self-conv9c$ is int]dict$2 e ?+ becomes ext]ior1 ! religi\s & civil ,code b "o4 ,muhamm$ seem$ n to "k t religion _c be ! gift1 z x is n ! prop]ty1 ( any s+le man2 x belongs to mank9d4 ,any p>ticul> cre$ lives only by its inh]5t =ce1 indep5d5tly ( ! f\nd]1 :o retires & leaves no?+ beh9d him b 8 "n z a m]e di/9ction f t ( ano!r religion4 ,e individual action is ( little avail1 if x does n proce$ f ! free & pure impulse ( ! _s1 :i* mu/ revive 9 all succe$+ g5]ations4 ,?is is ackn[l$g$ 9 ! ,dabi/n#afb by giv+ a v philosophic explanation ( ! expression prophetic seal1 or 8! la/ ( prophets30 8,t :i* is re>$ up by sup]ior wisdom1 r5d]s ! prophet's k va91 & takes 8 color2 t is to say3 if "o hundr$ ?\s& prophets l himself realise 9 !mselves ! p]son ( sup]ior wisdom1 !y are possessors ( ! seal1 ! la/ prophets1 because x is sup]ior wisdom :i* is ! seal1 & !y "k !mselves to be effac$1 & sup]ior wisdom exi/+40 ,muhamm$1 al?\gh wise en\gh to connect himself ) o!r prophets1 8 pr$ecessors1 pret5d$ h[ev] to close ! s]ies1 & to be ! la/ ( prophets1 or 8! seal ( prophetism40 ,va9 project6 imm$iately aft] him viol5t conte/s arose1 8,& discord1 ) a ?\s& v>i\s m\?s40 ,?irty ye>s aft] 8 dea? 8 family 0 dispossess$ ( ! ,khalifat4 ,?is pass$ to ! ,moaviyahs1 :o1 resid+ 9 ,damascus1 kept x dur+ #ij ye>s1 & !n c$$ x to ! ,abbasides1 :o e/abli%$ _! seat at ,baghdad4 ,! impulse & developm5t ( ! ,islam 0 ov]:elm+ dur+ ! "o hundr$ & tw5ty ye>s aft] ! prophet's dea?2 ! mighty _s ( conque/ _h aris5 & 0,i %all n say irresi/ibleb c]ta9ly badly resi/$ by ! nations assail$4 ,! ,romans & ,p]sians 7 !n h>d press$ !mselves2 on ! ,we/ by ! ,go?s1 on ! ,ea/ by ! ,huns3:il/ ! ,greeks _h sunk into g5]al luxury & deg5]acy2 all feebly su/a9$ ! attack ( h>dy & active m51 ^: native habit ( rap9e & deva/ation 0 !n exalt$ & sanctifi$ by ! "n ( religion1 & cont9ually invigorat$ by ri*1 spl5did1 & easy conque/s4 ,?us1 ! khalifs1 :o 7 divid$ into two great l9es1 ! be=e-m5tion$ ,abbasides & ! ,fatimites1 ext5d$ _! empire )9 #fjj ye>s aft] ,muhamm$1 n only ov] ! greate/ "p ( ,asia1 b also along ! we/]n %ore ( ,africa1 ,egypt1 ,spa91 & ,sicily2 ?reat5+ ! re/ ( ,europe4 ,aft] ! fir/ labors1 came re/1 dur+ :i* ! g5ius ( ! ,arabs turn$ to p]sev]+ /udy1 deep speculation1 & noble ambition3 ?is 0 ! sci5tific age ( ! ,arabs1 :i* began 9 ! middle ( our eigh? c5tury1 & 0 mo/ conspicu\s 9 ! old seats ( le>n+1 ,babylonia1 ,syria1 ,egypt1 ,p]sia1 & ,india4 ,b 9 ! num]\s s*ools rose viol5t s*isms & bloody conte/s betwe5 philosophy & religion4 ,9 ! mean "t ! khalifs1 by becom+ worldly sov]eigns1 _h lo/ _! sacr$ "*1 & 7 9 contradiction ) ! pr9ciple ( _! orig94 ,! crusades ( ! ,*ri/ians1 by reviv+ _! m>tial en]gy1 ma9ta9$ = "s "t ! vacillat+ p[] ( ! ,khalifs1 b _! va/ & divid$ empire1 assail$ by ,pagan nations1 fir/ 9 ! ,we/ 9 #abaa1 & =ty-sev5 ye>s aft]w>ds 9 ! ,ea/1 fell 9 #abeh ( our era4 ,muhamm$ism h[ev] reviv$ 9 ! b>b>\s & en]getic conqu]ors1 ,turks1 ,seljuks1 ,albanese1 ,kurds1 ,africans1 :o 7 drawn into its circle2 & sci5ce 0 aga9 cultivat$ 9 ,tunis1 ,bulg>ia1 & ,india4 ,i ?\ght necess>y to draw ?is rapid hi/orical sket*1 because )9 its outl9es is conta9$ ! acc\nt ( ! ,muhamm$an sects z giv5 9 ! text ( ! ,dabi/n4 ,mohsan ,fani himself liv$ 9 ! age ( g5]al decl9e ( ,muhamm$ism4 ,he exhibits 9 ! six? *apt] ! religion ( 8 own nation3 we may expect t he w be true & accurate4 ,he divides ! *apt] into two sections3 ! fir/ treats ( ! cre$ ( ! ,sonnites2 ! second1 ( t ( ! ,%ihs4 ,^! are ! two pr9cipal sects ( ! ,muhamm$ans1 b divid$ into a numb] ( o!rs1 exce$+ t ( sev5ty-?ree1 :i* ,muhamm$ himself has ann\nc$1 & consign$1 all except "o1 to et]nal damnation4 ,?is "o 0 t ( ! sonnah 8! traditional law10 or ,jamat1 8! assembly40 ,! ,dabi/n expla9s ?is religion 9 a mann] :i*1 to ,muhamm$ans1 might appe> suffici5tly cle>1 9 spite ( digressions & want ( ord] 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! matt]2 b an ,european read] w desire m light ?an is af=d$ 9 ! text1 & feel himself p]plex$ to und]/& ! mean+ ( frequ5t te*nical t]ms1 & to connect ! v>i\s notions dissem9at$ 9 an unequal n>rativen[ too diffuse1 n[ too contract$4 ,! foll[+ are ! pr9cipal features ( ! long acc\nt ( ,muhamm$ism conta9$ 9 ! ,dabi/n4 ,imm$iately aft] ! promulgation ( ! ,koran1 :i* foll[$ ,muhamm$'s dea?1 x became necess>y to fix ! mean+ & to det]m9e ! be>+ ( its text4 ,!re 0 "o !me 9 :i* all agre$3 ! gr&eur1 maje/y1 & b5efic5ce ( "o supreme ,be+1 ! ,creator1 rul]1 & pres]v] ( ! _w1 :i* is ! effulg5ce ( 8 p[]4 ,?is is express$ 9 ! ,koran 9 su* a /ra9 ( sublimity z may unite m5 ( all religions 9 "o feel+ ( admiration4 ,?is excell5ce is an inh]itance ( ! mo/ anci5t ,asiatic religion4 ,god c b be always ! object ( b\ndless adoration1 b nev] t ( human reason+4 ,h5ce ! ,muhamm$an sects disagre$ ab\t ! attributes ( ,god4 ,! resid5ce assign$1 al?\gh inconsi/5tly ) pure spiritualism1 to ! supreme ,be+ 0 ! n9? heav52 an eigh? sph]e =m$ ! int]m$iate /ory betwe5 ! upp]mo/ heav5 & sev5 o!r sph]es1 di/ribut$ among s _m prophets1 9 ! same mann] z1 9 ! ,destir1 ! sev5 prophet k+s ( ! ,p%dadian dyna/y 7 jo9$ to ! sev5 planets :i* !y1 ea* "o 9 p>ticul>1 v5]at$4 ,numb]less angels1 among :om f\r pr9cipal *iefs1 fill ! univ]se1 & s]ve1 9 a ?\s& diff]5t ways1 ! supreme ,"l ( creation4 ,we recognisee ! notions ( ! anci5t ,p]sian religion 9 ?is1 & 9 ! :ole sy/em ( div9e gov]nm5t4 ,ano!r subject ( viol5t & int]m9able dispute 0 ,god's action ^u ! ne!r _w1 pr9cipally ^u mank9d1 or ,god's univ]sal & et]nal judgm5t1 commonly call$ pr$e/9ation4 ,?is subject 0 greatly agitat$ by ! ,matezalas1 ,kad>ians1 ,jab>ians1 & o!rs2 !y disput$ 8,( provid5ce1 =ekn[l$ge4 w1 & fate1 ,fix'd fate1 free w1 =ekn[l$ge absolute1 ,& f\nd no end1 9 w&'r+ mazes lo/40 ,al?\gh ?is subject appe>s to be connect$ ) ! ,zoroa/rian doctr9e ( ! two pr9ciples1 8good & bad10 yet x has nev] be5 agitat$ ) s mu* viol5ce 9 s _m p>ticul> ways by any religioni/s z by ! ,muhamm$ans4 ,x has already be5 obs]v$ t1 accord+ to tradition1 ! anci5t ,p]sian philosophy 0 c>ri$ 9 ! reign ( ,alex&] to ,greece1 & f !nce1 aft] hav+ be5 reca/ 9 ! m\ld ( ,greek g5ius1 return$ 9 translations to its orig9al c\ntry4 ,we f9d x expressly /at$ 9 ! ,dabi/n1 t ,plato & ,ari/otle 7 ackn[l$ge z ! f\nd]s ( two pr9cipal s*ools ( ,muhamm$an philosoph]s1 to wit1 ^? ( ! ,hukma a%rkn1 8,platoni/s10 & ! ,hukma ma%yn1 8,ari/otelian1 or ,p]ipatetics40 ,to ^! add ! ,sf's mat%]91 8or?odox ,sufis10 :o took c>e n to ma9ta9 any ?+ contr>y to revelation1 & ex]t$ all _! sagacity to reconcile passages ( ! ,koran ) s\nd philosophy4 ,?is 0 ! p>ticul> pr(ession ( ! ,matkalm91 8s*ola/ics40 ,^! c$e to no o!r philosoph]s ! palm ( ma/]+ subtilties & acute di/9ctions4 ,!y _h orig9ally no o!r object b t ( def5d+ _! cre$ aga9/ ! het]odox philosoph]s4 ,b !y w5t fur!r1 & attack$ ! ,p]ipatetics !mselves ) ! int5tion to sub/itute ano!r philosophy = !irs4 ,x may be "h suffici5t to call to m9d ! works ( ?ree mo/ celebrat$ m51 ,alf>abi1 ,ibn ,s9a 7,avis5na71 & ,ghazali1 ^: works are reckon$ to be ! be/ specim5s ( ,arabian & ,muhamm$an philosophy4#afc ,!y conta9 ?ree ess5tial p>ts ( or?odox dogmatism3 #a4 ontology1 physiology1 & psy*ology2 ^! toge!r are call$ 8! sci5ce ( possible ?+s20 #b4 !ology1 t is1 ! discussion ^u ! exi/5ce1 ess5ce1 & ! attributes ( ,god2 z well z 8 relations ) ! _w & man 9 p>ticul>2 #c4 ! sci5ce ( prophetism1 or 8reveal$ !ology40 ,all ^! subjects are t\*$ ^u 9 ! ,dabi/n1 b 9 a v desultory mann]4 ,i %all add1 t ! au?or puts 9 evid5ce a sect call$ ,akhbrn1 or 8dogmatic traditioni/s10 :o p>ticipate greatly 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,matkalm91 & 9 8 op9ion are ! mo/ approvable ( all religi\s philosoph]s4 ,! conte/ = ! khalifat betwe5 ! family ( ,ali1 ,muhamm$'s son-9-law1 & ! ?ree fir/ khalifs1 z well z ! families ( ,moaviah & ,abbas1 a conte/ :i* began 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 & appe>s n yet t]m9at$ 9 our days?is conte/1 s mu* m viol5t z x 0 at once religi\s & political1 occasion$ ! rise ( a great numb] ( sects4 ,mu* is f\nd ab\t ,ali 9 ! ,dabi/n1 & ev5 an article ( ! ,koran1#afd publi%$ no :]e else relative to ?is great ,muselman1 :i* 8 adv]s>ies are said to h suppress$4 ,! adh]5ts ( ,ali are call$ ,%ihs4 ,! ,p]sians1 aft] be+ conqu]$ by ! ,arabs1 7 compell$ to adopt ! ,muhamm$an religion1 b !y pres]v$ a secret adh]5ce to ,magism1 _! anci5t national cre$1 !y 7 !re=e easily dispos$ to jo9 any sect1 :i* 0 m or less contr>y to ! /&>d cre$ ( _! conqu]ors1 & bore "s slight con=mity1 or _h ! lea/ connection )1 _! =m] religion4 ,!y became ,%ihs4 ,among ^! sect>ies orig9at$ ! p>ticul> (fice ( ,imm1 ^: p[] p>took ( some?+ ( a my/]i\s nature3 ! visible pres5ce ( an ,imm 0 n requir$2 he c\ld1 al?\gh conceal$1 be ackn[l$g$1 direct & comm& 8 believ]s2 8 "n 0 ,mahdi1 8! director40 ,?is op9ion orig9at$ & 0 spread aft] ! sudd5 disappe>ance ( ! sev5? ,imm1 call$ ,ismil4 ,8 foll[]s1 ! ,ismilahs1 ma9ta9$ t he 0 n dead2 t he liv$ conceal$1 & direct$ ! fai?ful by messages1 s5t by him1 & br\ght by 8 deputies2 t he w\ld "o day reappe>1 give ! victory to 8 adh]5ts ov] all o!r sects1 & unite ! _w 9 "o religion4 ,m ?an "o ,mahdi 0 subsequ5tly proclaim$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,asia1 ,africa1 & ,europealways expect$1 nev] appe>+s t x became a prov]bial expression among ! ,arabs to d5ote t>d9ess3 8z sl[ z a ,mahdi40 ,we recognize 9 ?is an anci5t idea ( ,zoroa/]3 he too 0 to reappe> 9 8 sons at ! end ( #ab1jjj ye>s2 r late1b mank9d nev] tire ( hope & expectation4 ,a cre$1 l t ( ! ,ismilahs1 because f\nd$ ^u some?+ my/]i\s1 vague1 & spiritual1 0 likely to bran* out 9 mo/ extraord9>y conceptions & practices4 ,! ,dabi/n ab\nds ) curi\s details ab\t !m4 ,_! doctr9e bore ! "* ( duplicity3 "o "p 0 manife/1 ! o!r conceal$4 ,_! mann] ( mak+ proselytes 0 n op52 !y act$ 9 ! d>k4 ,!y fir/ induc$ ! neophyte to d\bt1 !n to despise 8 own cre$1 & at la/ to ex*ange x = app>5tly m sublime tru?s1 until1 aft] hav+ suffici5tly embold5$ 8 reason+ faculty1 !y enabl$ him to ?r[ (f e re/ra9t ( au?ority 9 religi\s matt]s4 ,we see 9 ! ,dabi/n1#afe ! degrees ?r\gh :i* an ,ismilah 0 to pass until he believ$ 9 no religion at all4 ,a mo/ rem>kable sect ( ! ,ismilahs 0 t ( ! ,almutians1 s call$ f ,alamut1 a hill-=t 9 ! ,p]sian prov9ce ( ,ghilan4 ,?is =t 0 ! seat ( ,hassan1 a self-creat$ ,imm1 & became ! capital ( an empire1 p]haps unique 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w4#aff ,an ,imm1 call$ by ,europeans 8! old man ( ! m\nta910 )\t armies1 or treasures1 comm&$ ! c\ntry ar\nd1 & t]rifi$ a great "p ( ,asia by a b& ( devot$ adh]5ts1 :om he s5t ab\t to propagate 8 religion1 & to execute 8 comm&s1 :i* 7 frequ5tly ! murd] ( 8 enemies4 ,! execution]s 7 unkn[n save at ! fatal mom5t ( action2 mighty khalifs & sultans met ) _! murd]]s among _! mo/ intimate s]vants1 or ! gu>dians ( _! doors1 9 ! mid/ ( cr[d$ public places or 9 ! solitude ( _! secret b$-*amb]s4 ,! ,f$ayis1 s 7 !y call$1 devot$ !mselves n only to ! sacr$ s]vice ( _! ,imm1 b hir$ _! arm also = pr(ane s]vice to =eign *iefs1 su* z ! ,*ri/ian crusad]s4 ,among ,europeans1 ^! ,ismilahs 7 kn[n "u ! "n ( ,assass9s1 :i* well answ]$ _! infam\s pr(ession1 b is bett] d]iv$ f ,ha%i%ah#afg1 a sort ( hemp1 f :i* !y extract$ an intoxicat+ bev]age = _! frequ5t use4 ,dur+ "o hundr$ & sixty ye>s ! ,ismilahs 7 ! t]ror ( ! weak & ! mighty1 until !y fell 9 "o promiscu\s slaught]1 ) ! khalif ( ,islmism1 "u ! swords ( ! f]oci\s invad]s :o1 issu+ f ! va/ /eppes ( ,t>t>y1 fell ^u ! disord]$ empire ( ! ,muhamm$ans4 ,! ,ismilahs1 & o!r sects connect$ ) !m1 pr(ess$ a great atta*m5t to an ,imm1 ^: l9eage 0 always trac$ up to ,ali ?r\gh a s]ies ( int]m$iate desc5dants2 b x belong$ to ! ,ali-,ilahians to deify ,ali himself1 or to believe 8 hav+ be5 an inc>nation ( ,god4 ,ano!r sect1 ! ,ulviahs1 also devot$ to ,ali1 ma9ta9 t he 0 unit$ ) ! sun1 t he is n[ ! sun1 & hav+ also be5 ! sun be=e1 he 0 = "s days only unit$ to an elem5tal body4 ,bo? ^! sects reject ! ,koran4 ,"h t]m9ates ! review ( ! second volume ( ! ,engli% ,dabi/n4 #afa ,see1 9 :at s5se1 pp4 #hc-hd4 #afb ,see vol4 ,,iii4 pp4 #bjb-bjc4 ,see also ibid41 p4 #bbi & note #b4 #afc ,see ^u ?is subject a rec5t v +5i\s "w3 ,essai sur les coles philosophiques *ez les ,arabes1 et notamm5t sur la doctr9e d',algazzal1 p> ,augu/e ,s*mld]s1 docteur en philosophie1 ,p>is1 #ahdb4 ,d$icat$ to ,m4 ,re9aud1 memb] ( ! ,in/itute ( ,france1 & pr(essor ( ,arabic4 #afd ,see vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #cfh4 #afe ,vol4 ,,ii4 pp4 #djd-djg4 #aff ,see vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #dcc et seq4 #afg ,see ,mmoires gographiques et hi/oriques sur l'gypte et sur quelques contres vois9es1 p> ti5ne ,quatremre1 vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #ejd4 #ahaa4 ,x4,,! ,,religion ,,( ,,! ,,sadikiahs4 ,! ?ird volume ( ?is "w beg9s ) ! sev5? *apt]1 ^u ! religion ( ! ,sadikiahs4 ,x is g5]ally kn[n t1 dur+ ! life ( ,muhamm$1 ano!r prophet1 call$ ,musaylima1 arose 9 ! c\ntry ( ,yamma1 & d>$ (f] to himself 9 a lett] to ! =m] z a p>tn] ( 8 sacr$ mission1 b 0 treat$ z a li>4 ,he _h h[ev] ga9$ a great numb] ( foll[]s1 at ! head ( :om he 0 defeat$ & himself sla9 9 a bloody battle aga9/ ,khal$1 a g5]al ( ! fir/ ,khalif1 ! v same ye> z ,muhamm$'s dea?4 ,we f9d 9 ! ,dabi/n1 :at appe>s less g5]ally kn[n1 t ,musaylima's sect1 f> f be+ entirely cru%$ aft] 8 fall1 exi/$ "u ! "n ( ,sadikias 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury ( our era1 & con=m$ to a second ,f>uk1 or ,koran1 to :i* !y attribut$ a div9e orig91 & a great] au?ority ?an to ! fir/4#afh ,ano!r acc\nt1 n frequ5tly met )1 is conta9$ 9 ! eigh? *apt] ( ! ,dabi/n1 conc]n+ ,vah$ ,mahmud1 :o appe>$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( our ?irte5? c5tury1 & is by 8 adh]5ts plac$ above ,muhamm$ & ,ali4 ,among 8 t5ets & op9ions is to be rem>k$ t ( an asc5d+ ref9em5t or p]fection ( elem5tal matt]1 f ! brute or m9]al to t ( a vegetable =m2 f ?is to t ( an animal body2 & !nce progress+ to t ( ,mahmud4#afi ,fur!r1 ! p>ticul> mode ( transmigration ( s\ls by means ( food into :i* m51 aft] _! dea?1 are *ang$2 su* food1 9 :i* intellig5ce & action may reside1 becomes cont9ually ! alim5t & sub/ance ( new successive human be+s4 ,we 7 n a little a/oni%$ to f9d ^! s+ul> op9ions agree+ ) ! in=mation1 :i* ,milton's ar*angel ,raphael imp>ts to ,adam1 ! fa!r ( mank9d4#agj 8,o ,adam1 "o ,almighty is1 f :om ,all ?+s proce$1 & up to him return1 ,if n deprav$ f good1 creat$ all ,su* to p]fection1 "o fir/ matt] all1 ,indu$ ) v>i\s =ms1 v>i\s degrees ,( sub/ance1 & 9 ?+s t live1 ( life2 ,b m ref9'd1 m spiritu\s1 & pure1 ,z ne>] to him plac'd or ne>] t5d+1 ,ea* 9 _! sev]al active sph]es assign'd1 ,till body up to _s "w1 9 b\nds ,proportion$ to ea* k9d4 ,s f ! root ,spr+s light] ! gre5 /alk1 f !nce ! leaves ,m a]y1 la/ ! bright consummate fl[] ,spirits odor\s brea!s3 fl['rs & _! fruit1 ,man's n\ri%m5t1 by gradual scale sublim'd1 ,to vital spirits aspire1 to animal1 ,to intellectual2 give bo? life & s5se1 ,fancy & und]/&+2 :5ce ! s\l ,reason receives1 & reason is h] be+1 ,discursive1 or intuitive 40 ,?is sort ( hylozoism is m exp&$ 9 a p>ticul> sy/em ( cosmogony ( ! same ,vah$1#aga accord+ to :i* ! mat]ials ( ! _w exi/$ f ! v beg9n+1 :i* signifies f ! fir/ appe>ance ( afrad1 8rudim5tal units40 ,we c nev] ?9k meanly ( ?is op9ion1 :5 we f9d x co9cid+ ) t ( ,leibnitz 9 our sev5te5? c5tury1 contempor>y ( ,mohsan ,fani4 ,accord+ to ! celebrat$ ,g]man philosoph]1#agb !re exi/s already an entirely organical pre=mation 9 ! se$s ( ! bodies :i* are born1 & all s\ls _h always pre-exi/$ 9 "s sort ( organiz$ body1 & %all aft] dea? rema9 unit$ ) an organic :ole2 because 9 ! ord] ( nature s\ls are n likely to exi/ entirely sep>at$ f any k9d ( body4 ,9 ! eighte5? c5tury ,bonnet1 a great physiologi/1 ma9ta9$1#agc t all 0 pre=m$ f ! beg9n+1 no?+ eng5d]$2 all organiz$ bodies 7 pre-exi/+ 9 a v small compass 9 ! g]ms1 9 :i* s\ls may also pre-exi/1 ^! inde/ructible g]ms may soj\rn 9 su* or su* a body until ! mom5t ( its decomposition1 !n pass1 )\t ! lea/ alt]ation1 into ano!r body1 f ?is into a ?ird1 & s on2 ea* ( ! g]ms incloses ano!r imp]i%able g]m1 :i* w be develop$ b 9 a future /ate ( our planet1 :i* is de/9$ to exp]i5ce a new revolution4 ,we see "h ! v same ideas1 )\t any mutual communication1 ent]ta9$ 9 ! ,ea/ & ! ,we/1 9 anci5t & mod]n times4 ,vah$ ,mahmud comb9es 8 cosmogony ) p]iods ( #hjjj ye>s1 eight ( :i* =m a great cycle ( #fd1jjj ye>s1 at ! completion ( :i* ! _w is r5ovat$4 ,?is sect is said to h be5 widely spread 9 ! _w2 9 ,p]sia ! p]secution ( ,%ah ,abbas =c$ !m to lie conceal$4 #afh ,vol4 ,,iii4 p4 #a-aa4 #afi ,! ,druids1 among ! anci5t ,britons1 believ$ ! progressive asc5t ( ! s\l1 beg9n+ ) ! meane/ insect1 & arriv+ ?r\gh v>i\s ord]s ( exi/5ce at its human /age4 ,! s\l1 accord+ to its *oice dur+ t]re/rial life1 progress$1 ev5 aft] dea?1 9 good & happ9ess1 or evil & mis]y2 ! virtu\s c\ld return to e>? & become prophets among mank9d3 9 :i* belief ! anci5t ,britons agre$ ) ! ,indian ,buddhi/s4 #agj ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,v4 v4 #dgj-dhh4 #aga ,! ,dabi/n1 vol4 ,,iii4 p4 #ag4 #agb ,see 8 ,?odice1 dit4 ,am/]d4 prface1 pp4 xxviii et seq4 #agc ,see ,la ,pal+nsie philosophique1 ou ,ides sur l'tat pass et sur l'tat futur des tres vivans1 p> ,c4 ,bonnet1 de div]ses ,acadmies1 ,am/]d4 #agfi1 vol4 ,i4 pp4 #agj4 #aih4 #bja4 #bjd1 etc41 etc4 ,,xi4,,! ,,religion ,,( ,,! ,,ro%5ians4 ,! n9? *apt] ( ! ,dabi/n introduces to u ,mian ,byezid1 :o1 born 9 ! ,panjb1 fl\ri%$ 9 ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury "u ! reign ( ,humayn1 ! ,emp]or ( ,india4 ,at fir/ a /rict obs]v] ( ,muhamm$ism1 he ab&on$ aft]w>ds ! ext]ior practices ( ?is religion1 &1 devot+ 8 m9d to contemplation1 assum$ ) ! "* ( a sa9t ! title ( a 8ma/] ( light20 8 foll[]s 7 call$ ,ro%5ians1 or 8enlight5$40 ,8 say+s1 sev]al ( :i* are quot$ 9 ! ,dabi/n1 express s\nd reason1 pure morality1 & f]v5t piety4 ,9 ! _s ( 8 nation & "t1 & = self-def5ce1 he took up arms aga9/ ! ,moghuls4 ,8 hi/ory & t ( 8 sons is c>ri$ to ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ! "t ( ,mohsan ,fani4 ,muhamm$ 0 ! p]man5t type ( a prophet1 9 :om ! religi\s & political "* 7 unit$4 ,! fir/ ,khalifs 7 all milit>y *iefs & religi\s m52 ! ,koran furni%$ ! rules ( =eign & int]nal policy1 ! f9al decision ( e tribunal1 ! incit+ exclamation to combat & c>nage1 & a pray] = e occasion4 ,! f\nd]s ( sects 7 frequ5tly w>riors1 or1 :at 9 ,asia is g5]ally ! same1 highwaym5 & plund]]s ( c>avans2 su* 0 ! j m5tion$ ,miyan ,bayezid1 & _m o!rs4 ,z possessors ( empires1 !y pres]v$ ! au/]e habits ( ascetics3 !y c>ri$ a sabre & a ros>y1 c\nt$ _! beads & gave ord] = battle2 emaciat$ by fa/s1 cov]$ ) a wooll5 mantle1 sitt+ ^u ! b>e gr\nd1 !y dispos$ ( empires & receiv$ ! homage ( millions ( m54 ,! ,mohamm$ans pres]v$ _! religion1 z long z !y 7 militant3 because all /ates ( m5tal excitem5t are apt to support ea* o!r4 ,b1 9 solit>y retirem5t1 & 9 ! prec9cts ( s*ools1 ! doctr9e ( ,muhamm$ 0 put to ! te/ ( reason3 n[ began ! /ruggle betwe5 religion & philosophy4 ,fe>ful to "p at once ) e>ly impressions & national feel+s1 attempts to reconcile fai? & reason 7 made2 religi\s philosoph]s _h rec\rse to allegory1 9 ord] to rationalize /range & absurd dogmas & practices2 = ! lit]al !y sub/itut$ a my/ical s5se2 "u arbitr>y acceptations & int]pretations1 ! f\ndation ( ! doctr9e itself disappe>$1 or 0 conf\nd$ ) "s old dogma r5ew$1 if n "o entirely inv5t$3 9 %ort1 ! ,muhamm$an religion appe>$ to h surviv$ itself2 its presum$ p]iod ( "o ?\s& ye>s 0 believ$ to be complet$ "u ! reign ( ,akb>4 ,,xii4,,! ,,religion ,,( ,,! ,,ilahiahs4 ,akb> 0 ! greate/ among ! ,moghul emp]ors ( ,india4 ,he began 9 8 f\rte5? ye> a reign environ$ by w> & rebellion4 ,aft] hav+ vanqui%$ all 8 enemies & e/abli%$ peace & security ar\nd him1 he turn$ 8 att5tion to religion4 ,he soon f\nd x "r to grant unlimit$ tol]ation to all religions 9 8 empire4 ,call$ ! 8%ade ( ,god10 he took ! resolution to realise 9 himself ! o!rwise va9 title be/[$ by slavi% flatt]y ^u all sov]eigns ( ,asia1 & to imitate1 accord+ to 8 faculties1 him :o be/[s ! bless+s ( 8 m]ciful provid5ce on all creatures )\t di/9ction4 ,?is he decl>$ to 8 fanatic son ,jehangir1 :o did n conceal 8 discont5t ab\t ! build+ ( an ,h9du temple 9 ,b5>es3 8,are n10 said ,akb>1 8five-six?s ( all mank9d ei!r ,h9dus or unbeliev]s8 ,if ,i 7 actuat$ by motives simil> to ^? :i* ?\ owne/1 :at w\ld rema9 to me b to de/roy !m all80 ,! inquisitive emp]or 0 acqua9t$ ) ! religi\s hi/ory ( ! ,p]sian empire2 he surr\nd$ himself ) m5 ( all religions,muhamm$ans ( all sects1 ,h9dus1 ,jews1 & ,*ri/ians1 z well z ) philosoph]s free f sup]/ition2 he lik$ to "q !m all1 & to enc\rage public polemical discussions 9 8 pres5ce4 ,! ,sonnites & ,%ihs revil$ reciprocally ! *ief p]sonages ( _! adh]5ce1 ! ?ree fir/ khalifs & ,ali2 ,muhamm$ himself 0 n m sp>$ ?an 8 companions & successors4 ,! errors ( _! doctr9e1 ! vices ( _! "*1 & ! irregul>ities ( _! conduct 7 freely expos$1 sev]ely blam$1 & wittily ridicul$4 ,if ,muhamm$ism 0 treat$ 9 su* a mann]1 o!r religions c\ld n claim m indulg5ce4 ,! dramatic =m1 :i* ,mohsan ,fani gives to ! religi\s controv]sies1 is c]ta9ly curi\s2 we c sc>ce suppose 8 hav+ kn[n ! dialogues ( ,lucian1 nor is x 9 ! lea/ probable t a late ,fr5* au?or ev] saw ! ,dabi/n & took f ?is book ! idea ( ! tw5ty-fir/ *apt] ( 8 celebrat$ "w1 entitl$ 8,problem ( religi\s 8contradictions40#agd ,! object aim$ at by ^! ?ree au?ors 0 ! same2 b _! compositions diff] f ea* o!r z mu* z ! g5ius & "* ( ! ,greeks1 ,fr5*1 & ,p]sians1 9 ^: language ea* ( !m respectively wrote4 ,9 :atsoev] po9t ,mohsan ,fani may yield to ! ,greco-,syrian1 or to ! ,fr5* au?or1 he1 c]ta9ly1 ,i w v5ture to say1 equals !m 9 =ce1 boldness1 & s9c]ity2 & p]haps surpasses ei!r 9 po9t$ application ( tru?4 ,8 objections are n vague attempts ( witticism ) ! int5tion to ridicule3 !y are special & s]i\s1 direct$ to real & pat5t falsehood or prejudice2 he does n f5ce ) imag9>y %ad[y adv]s>ies1 b he /rikes a pres5t & tangible foe2 8 /yle1 nev] ta9t$ by affectation1 is pla9 & blunt1 su* z becomes a re=m] combat+ popul> sup]/ition4 ,! controv]sies1 ! sc5e ( :i* is plac$ be=e ! ?rone1 or r tribunal1 ( ,akb>1 obta9 ! imp]ial sanction3 ,muhamm$ism is condemn$4 ,inde$1 ! emp]or abrogat$ sev]al practices ( t religion to :i* he _h be5 devot$ 9 8 fir/ ye>s2 he conf9$ ! cultivation ( sci5ce1 z tak5 f ! ,arabs1 to a/ronomy1 geography1 m$ic9e1 & philosophy1 & wi%$ to prev5t ! wa/e ( life 9 futile & useless /udies4 ,at la/1 9 ! mon? ( ,decemb]1 ,a4 ,d4 #aegi1 tw5ty-six ye>s be=e 8 dea?1 he sub/itut$ = ! common pr(ession ( ! ,muhamm$ans ! new3 8,!re is no ,god b ,god1 & ,akb> 8 khalif 7or deputy740 ,he receiv$ f a great numb] ( ,amirs & di/+ui%$ p]sons ! volunt>y agreem5t & cons5t to f\r conditions1 namely1 ! sacrifice ( prop]ty1 life1 reputation1 & religion1 by ent]+ into ! new religi\s pact1 call$ ,ilahi1 8div9e40 ,moreov]1 he introduc$ 9 lieu ( ! =m]1 a new era1 to beg9 f ! dea? ( 8 fa!r ,hu9ayn1 t is f ! ye> ( ! ,hejira #ifc1 7,a4 ,d4 #aeee73 x 0 to be call$ ,ilahi2 ! mon?s 7 regulat$ accord+ to ! mode ( ,irn1 & f\rte5 fe/ivals e/abli%$ 9 concordance ) ^? ( ,zoroa/]'s religion4 ,x 0 to ?is anci5t ,p]sian cre$1 t he gave ! pref]5ce1 hav+ be5 in/ruct$ 9 its sacr$ t5ets & practices by a le>n$ fire-wor%ipp] :o _h jo9$ him2 & f books :i* 7 s5t to him f ,p]sia & ,kirmn4 ,he receiv$ ! sacr$ fire1 & committ$ x to ! fai?ful h&s ( ,abu'l fazil1 8 confid5tial m9i/]3 ! holy flames ( ,z>du%t blaz$ aga9 ^u ! alt>s ( ,aria1 &1 aft] a sep>ation ( _m c5turies1 ,p]sians & ,indians 7 reunit$ 9 a common wor%ip4 ,z a pro( ( ,akb>'s expansive m9d1 direct$ to all subjects :i* may int]e/ mank9d1 ,i %all m5tion 8 hav+ seque/]$ a numb] ( *ildr51 be=e !y c\ld speak1 f all communition ) ! re/ ( society1 9 ord] to "k :e!r !y w\ld =m a language4 ,aft] f\rte5 ye>s ( seclusion1 x 0 f\nd t !y 7 dumb3 8:i* made x evid5t10 says ,mohsan ,fani1 8t language & lett]s are n natural to mant language is ( a long date & ! _w v anci5t40#age ,9 ! ?ird section ( ! t5? *apt]1 ! au?or treats ( ! influ5ces ( ! />s ^u ! ne!r _w1 a v anci5t sup]/ition1 common to mo/ nations4 ,e ma/] ( fame is said to h wor%ipp$ p>ticul>ly "o ( ! />s2 ,akb> also receiv$ div9e comm&s ) reg>d to !m4 ,we f9d1 9 a digression ( ?is section1 curi\s hi/orical details respect+ ! p]son ( ,jangis khan1 8 adoration ( ! cele/ial bodies1 epilepsy1 & s+ul> sup]/ition ( combs4 ,! great conqu]or address$ to 8 sons ! mo/ e>ne/ admonitions to rema9 fai?ful to ! religion ( ! />s1 to :i* _! =tune 0 atta*$2 b fifty-?ree ye>s aft] 8 dea? "o ( 8 successors & a great "p ( 8 nation embrac$ ,muhamm$ism4 ,! f\r? section ( ! t5? *apt] conta9s important in=mation ^u ! adm9i/ration ( ,india4 ,akb> 0 ! fir/ ( ! ,moghul emp]ors :o consid]$ ,india z 8 native c\ntry1 & direct$ 8 be/ ef=ts to ! amelioration ( its condition4 ,exalt$ to ! highe/ rank1 n only by 8 bir?1 b also by 8 p]sonal acquirem5ts2 assi/$1 besides1 by a tra9 ( devot$ & enlight5$ s]vants1 he c\ld promise himself duration ( ! new religion1 :i* he _h fondly labor$ to f\nd4 ,9 va93 x disappe>$ ) him4 ,private p]sons1 camel-driv]s1 & robb]s1 em]g+ f obscurity1 su* z ,muhamm$1 & o!rs be=e & aft] t ,arabian lead]1 effect$ m ?an an emp]or1 ) e possible advantage unit$ 9 & ar\nd 8 p]son6 ,human intellect 0 p]haps !n satiat$ ) religion2 its measure 0 full3 x c\ld n receive any m4 ,9 fact1 aft] ,muhamm$ a numb] ( sects1 b no new religion1 arose3 9 ?is s5se he may1 ) "s appe>ance ( tru?1 be call$ ! la/ ( prophets1 or ! ,khtim1 8! seal ( prophetism40 ,akb> di$ 9 #afje ,a4 ,d41 eight or t5 ye>s be=e ! bir? ( ! au?or ( ! ,dabi/n4 ,! latt] pass$ 8 y\? & manhood 9 ,india1 "u ! reigns ( t emp]or's son1 ,jehangir1 & gr&-son1 ,%ah ,jehan1 & great-gr&son ,aur5gzeb2 & 0 9 p]sonal connection ) ! latt]'s bro!r1 ! religi\s ,d>a%ukoh4 ,mohsan ,fani _h !re=e good opportunities to be in=m$ ( ! ev5ts ( _! days4 ,! religion ( ! ,ilahiahs is prop]ly ! la/ ( :i* he treats2 = :at relates to ! religions ( ! philosoph]s & ,sfis1 ! subjects ( ! two la/ *apt]s1 are r selections ( all cre$s & op9ions1 ?an p>ticul> religions4 ,x w be rememb]$ t sir ,w4 ,jones suppos$ ^! two la/ *apt]s n to h be5 writt5 by ! au?or ( ! re/ ( ! ,dabi/n1 :i* ,i d>e nei!r affirm nor d5y4#agf #agd ,les ,ru9es1 ou ,mditations sur les ,rvolutions des ,empires1 p> ,m4 ,volney1 dput l',assemble nationale de #aghi1 ,p>is1 #agia4 #age ,?us1 our au?or co9cides ) "l ,monboddo1 :o %[$ t language is ! sl[ product ( necessity among m5 l9k$ 9 society4 ,see 8 "w ,( ! ,orig9 & ,progress ( ,language1 ) ! motto ( ,horace3 8,mutum ac turpe pecus ,donec ,v]ba quibus voces s5susque not>5t ,nom9aque inv5]e40 #agf ,see note1 p4 #f1 n4 #b4 ,,xiii4,,! ,,religion ,,( ,,! ,,philosoph]s4 ,9 ! elev5? *apt]1 entitl$ 8,( ! religion ( ! ,wise10 we f9d x repeat$ t ,philosoph]s 7 divid$ into two great classes3 8! ,ea/]n & ! ,we/]n40 ,! fir/ are ! ,hu%angians1 tea*]s ( ! ,greeks until ! "t ( ,plato & ,ari/otle2 x is believ$ t _! philosophy1 modifi$ & ref9$1 return$ f ,greece to ,asia1 & 0 receiv$ by ! ,muhamm$an s*ol>s to be adapt$ to _! own cre$4 ,!n took place a s+ul> mixture & confusion ( ,sid]ism1 ,judaism1 ,*ri/ianity1 ,muhamm$ism1 & all sorts ( philosophic op9ions4 ,! cosmology ( ! ,hu%angians 0 pres]v$4 ,sev5 special prophets1 ,ismil1 ,jesus1 ,joseph1 ,eno*1 ,a>on1 ,moses1 & ,abraham1 inhabit ! sev5 heav5s1#agg to beg9 f t ( ! ,moon1 :i* is ! l[e/1 & ris+ upw>ds4 ,if1 9 g5]al1 t5 sph]es are assum$1#agh !y are made ! dwell+s ( s _m intellig5ces4 ,^! ideas1 s anci5t1 z we h se51 7 n dis[n$ by em95t m5 9 mu* lat] times4 ,! great ,kepl]1 & aft] him ,reaumur1 believ$ t intellig5ces or s\ls direct$ ! movem5ts ( cele/ial bodies4 ,philosoph]s1 /ruck ) ! m>vell\s ord] ( nature1 7 adv]se to admitt+ any me*anism! v "n ( :i* fright5$ !m2 !y !re=e call$ all occult p[]s s\ls or spirits4 ,! same idea is adopt$ 9 morality3 :atev] is praisewor?y is angelic1 :atev] blamable1 satanic4 ,f goodness arises an angel2 f badness1 a ,satan3 s said ! prophet4 ,su* simple & tru?-l ideas 7 ei!r orig9ally disguis$ "u ! ve/ ( fiction2 or exi/+ traditions ( v>i\s orig9 7 aft]w>ds m or less +5i\sly int]pret$ z allegories4 ,?us1 ! ord9>y names1 expressions1 t5ets1 traditions1 & practices ( ! ,arabian prophet receiv$ symbolic1 allegoric1 my/ic int]pretations4 ,! ,kabah 7! squ>e temple ( ,mecca71 ! holy c5tre ( a liv+1 circumambulat+ _w1 becomes an emblem ( ! sun2 its fam\s black /one1 holl[$ by ! kisses ( ! pi\s1 repres5ts ,v5us1 ! bright /> on ! bord]s ( heav52 p>adise1 its milk1 honey1 w9e1 ,tuba 7tree ( beatitude71 ,hur & ,kasur 7nymphs & palaces7 allude to intellectual delights2 hell1 its ,zakum 7tree ( nature71 & torm5ts1 are expla9$ z unavoidable consequ5ces ( depravity4 ,su* int]pretations ( ! ,muhamm$ans seem (t5 to be l _! bridge ,sirat1 :i* connects heav5 & hell1 %>p z a razor & ?9 z a hair4 ,transmigration1 or r reproduction1 is admitt$1 al?\gh n easily reconcil$ ) ! resurrection ( ! same body4 ,! bla/s ( ! trumpet1 & ! :ole sc5e ( ! resurrection lose _! mat]ialism 9 a sort ( rational allegory4 ,! o!r _w is ! de/ruction & r5ovation ( nature at ! completion & r5ewal ( great p]iods ( "t1 "o ( :i* compris$ #cfj1jjj sol> ye>s4 ,resurrection is 8! wak5+ f ! sleep ( he$lessness20 :5ev] an intellect atta9$ t degree ( p]fection1 x has return$ to its orig92 x is re/or$ to life2 ?is indubitably happ5s :5 no?+ mat]ial exi/s3 =1 8:]e !re is no body1 !re is no dea?40 ,aft] hav+ treat$ 9 ?is way ! great dogmas ( religion1 ! ,muhamm$an philosoph]s f\nd x n m difficult to rationalise e circum/ance respect+ _! prophet1 he :o obey$ ! voice ( an invisible speak]4 ,did ,muhamm$ really split ! moon8 ,n 9 ! lea/splitt+ is p5etrat+ f ! ext]ior into ! int]ior2 ! fissure ( ! moon typifies no?+ else b ! r5unciation ( ! ext]nal = ! int]nal1 :i* is 8! sup]ior wisdom20 :o possess$ x m ?an ! prophet 7! peace ( ,god be ) him67 he1 ! ma/] ( ! lun> sph]e8 ,?is1 ) ! ,ori5tals1 is ! seat ( human intellig5ce & p]fection4#agi ,"o ( _! greate/ s*ol>s1 or z !y say 8! le>n$ ( ! _w10 kn[n to u "u ! "n ( ,avis5na1 und]took to give a reasonable acc\nt ( ,muhamm$'s asc5t to heav51 & fram$ a wond]ful romance ( my/ic spiritualism4 ,he t]m9ates by expla9+ h[ ! prophet1 aft] 8 return f su* a j\rney1 c\ld f9d 8 b$-clo!s /ill w>m3 8,he _h travell$ ) 8 m9d1 & :5 he _h complet$ 8 m5tal task1 return$ back to himself1 & 9 less ?an an eye's tw9kl+ recov]$ 8 =m] /ate2 :oev] kn[s1 und]/&s :y he w5t2 & :oev] kn[s n1 looks 9 va9 = an explanation40 ,we may1 n )\t int]e/1 obs]ve ! natural process ( ! human m9d 9 review+ & re=m+ conceptions1 ! orig9al =m ( :i* is n seldom entirely oblit]at$4 ,! au?or ( ! ,dabi/n does m ?an satiate ! mo/ inquisitive read] ) allegoric1 n[ & !n v fanciful1 int]pretations1 :i* he cont9ues1 n )\t repetitions ( ! same subjects1 ?r\gh ! subsequ5t *apt]1 ^u :i* ,i am ab\t to t\*4 ,mohsan ,fani1 "h z else:]e1 fails n to adduce sev]al philosoph]s ( m anci5t z well z ( 8 own times4 ,among ! latt] is ,hakim ,kamran1 ^: free & s\nd op9ions1 ab\t ! orig9 ( societies & ! prophets regulat+ !m1 w be read ) "s int]e/2 z w also ! acc\nt ( ! books :i* ,kamran read & expla9$1 :5ce ! /ate ( lit]ature ( ^? times may be inf]r$4 #agg ,see 7vol4 ,i4 p4 #bic1 note #a7 ! sev5 heav5s "u p>ticul> names1 z giv5 9 ! ,viraf-namah1 & ! explanation ( !m4 ,! sev5 prophets above-nam$ are some:at diff]5tly di/ribut$ by o!r au?orities4 ,see ! notes to ,avis5na's explanation ( ,muhamm$'s asc5t to heav5 7vol4 ,,iii4 pp4 #ahf4 #ahi74 ,i %all subjo9 ! di/ribution ( ! sev5 prophet-k+s1 accord+ to ! ,destir1 & t ( sev5 ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian prophets1 accord+ to ! notes j ref]r$ to3 ,,planets3 ,,accord+ ,,to ,,accord+ ,,to ,,! ,,desatir4 ,,muhamm$an ,,au?orities4 ,saturn1 ,inhabit$ by ,gil%aw4 ,inhabit$ by ,abraham4 ,jupit]1 ,siamok4 ,moses4 ,m>s1 ,hu%ang4 ,a>on4 ,! ,sun1 ,tahmuras4 ,idris4 ,v5us1 ,jem%id4 ,joseph4 ,m]cury1 ,f]idun4 ,jesus1 ,/4 ,john4 ,! ,moon1 ,m9o*eh]4 ,adam4 #agh ,see ! ,cosmology ( ! ,destir1 comp>$ ) t ( ! mod]n ,ori5tals1 vol4 ,,iii4 p4 #adc1 note4 #agi ,accord+ to ! ,occid5tal fabuli/s 7see ,ario/o's ,orl&o ,furioso1 canto ,,xxxiv71 ! moon holds1 9 a /rait valley betwe5 two m\nta9s1 all t mortals lose "h bel[3 fame1 te>s & sighs ( lov]s1 lo/ "t1 futile designs1 va9 desires1 anci5t cr[ns1 all in/rum5ts ( deceit1 treaties1 & conspiracies1 works ( false co9]s & knaves1 ! good s5se ( e body1 is !re bottl$2 all is !re except folly1 :i* rema9s bel[1 & nev] quits ! e>?3 ,sol la ,pazzia non v' poca1 n assai1 ,* / quaggi1 n se ne p>te mai4 ,,xiv4,,! ,,religion ,,( ,,! ,,sufis4 ,we arrive at ! la/ *apt]1 8,^u ! ,sufis20 ! mo/ ab/ruse ( ! twelve1 b to :i* we are well en\gh prep>$ by ! cont5ts ( ! =m]4 ,sfism1 accord+ to ! ,dabi/n1 belongs to all religions2 its adh]5ts are kn[n1 "u diff]5t names among ! ,h9dus1 ,p]sians1 & ,arabians2 x appe>s to be no?+ else b ! rationalism ( any sort ( doctr9e4 ,x c\ld nev] be ! religion ( a :ole nation2 x rema9$ conf9$ to ! prec9cts ( s*ools & societies4 ,9 ! "w be=e u we f9d x /at$1 t ! belief ( ! pure ,sfis 0 ! same z t ( ! ,a%rakians 7,platoni/s73 we "k :at ! ,muhamm$ans h made ( x4 ,accord+ to ! ,imm ,ko%airi1 quot$ by ,jmi1#ahj ! ,muselmans1 aft] ,muhamm$'s dea?1 di/+ui%$ ! em95t m5 among !m by no o!r title b t ( 8! companions ( ,god's apo/le40 ,^! 71 9 ! second g5]ation1 call$ ,tbyn1 8foll[]s40 ,aft]w>ds ! ,islamites 7 divid$ into div]s classes2 ^? among !m :o p>ticul>ly devot$ !mselves to ! practice ( religion1 7 nam$ 8s]vants ( ,god10 :i* "n 01 aft] ! rise ( num]\s sects1 claim$ by "s f among all ! diff]5t sect>ies4 ,x 0 !n t ! foll[]s ( ! or?odox doctr9e1 9 ord] to pres]ve ! purity ( _! fai? & ! /r5g? ( _! piety1 assum$ ! "n ( ,sfis1 :i* "n became celebrat$ be=e ! end ( ! second c5tury ( ! ,hejira1 t is1 be=e ! ye> #hae ( our era4 ,we may believe "o ( ! greate/ s*ol>s ( ,muhamm$ism1 ,ghazli1 :o rang$ himself among ! ,sfis ( 8 "t t[>ds ! end ( our elev5? c5tury1 :5 he decl>es t 9 _! society he f\nd re/ 9 believ+ "o ,god1 ! prophet1 & ! la/ judgm5t3 ?is is ! fai? ( ! or?odox ,sfis4 ,! assumption ( any p>ticul> "n c>ries m51 :o s di/+ui% & sep>ate !mselves f _! fell[s1 mu* fur!r ?an !y !mselves at fir/ int5d$1 p>ticul>ly :5 ! di/9ction & sep>ation are f\nd$ ^u vague & indet]m9ate notions ( metaphysics4 ,"u ! impression1 t !re are secrets ^u :i* _! salvation dep5ds1 !y w /ret* reason & imag9ation to p5etrate !m4 ,! ,sfis are divid$1 accord+ to _! own phraseology1#aha into ?ree classes3 8! attract$1 ! travell]s10 & 8! attract$ travell]s20 ! la/ ( :om comb9e ! qualities ( ! two =m]4 ,i w class !m "h1 ) respect to _! doctr9e & mann]s1 into five ord]s4 #a4 ,! religi\s ,sfis1 9 g5]al1 are occupi$ ) some?+ beyond ! limits ( our natural consci\sness2 !y ex]cise to ! utmo/ _! inw>d organ or inn] s5se1 & acquire a philosophic imag9ation 8,! vision & ! faculty div9e40#ahb ,su* 0 ! prophetic gift ( ,muhamm$1 & z long z !y adh]e to 8 say+s1 !y are ! or?odox ,sfis1 :om ,i h already m5tion$4 #b4 ,ano!r ord] endeavor to compreh5d1 to fix1 & to expla9 ! attributes ( ,god2 ! holy object sanctifies _! ef=ts2 unatta9able1 x exalts _! s\ls above !mselves2 incompreh5sibility yields to ! sacr$ p[] ( self-intuition2 my/]i\s d>kness to cele/ial light2 _! intellect1 no m t]re/rial1 8kn[s its own sun & its own />s20#ahc by cont9ual m5tal excitem5t !y produce 9 !mselves 7accord+ to _! own phraseology7 a /ate ( intoxication2 9 ! full enjoym5t ( _! lib]ty1 !y approa* ! ,supreme ,be+1 & f9ally fancy an intimate union ) _! ,creator4 ,^! are ! my/ic ,sufis4 ,man1 to express 8 mo/ f]v5t adoration ( ! ,div9ity1 uses ! expressions by :i* he is wont to address ! object ( 8 mo/ t5d] affections2 he has b ! fire ( e>? to k9dle 9 sacrifice to heav52 & to elevate 8 s\l to ! ,supreme ,be+1 he makes w+s ( ! mo/ lively s5tim5ts :i* he ev] exp]i5c$1 & c excite 9 himself4 ,! int5sity ( inw>d feel+ breaks loose 9 outw>d demon/rations1 ge/ure1 song1 & dance 8,my/ical dance1 :i* yond] />ry sph]e ,( planets1 & ( fix'd1 9 all h] :eels ,resembles ne>e/1 mazes intricate1 ,ecc5tric1 int]volv'd1 yet regul>1 ,!n mo/1 :5 mo/ irregul> !y seem40#ahd ,su* 9 ! poet's eye is ! dance ( angels1 b less ref9$ mu/ be t ( mortals1 & really "o sort ( x /rangely contra/s ) ! usually grave deportm5t ( be>d$ ample-rob$ ,muselmans1 f ,muhamm$1 :o gave ! example1 d[n to ! ,durvi%es ( our days1 :o1 ) frantic h[ls & vehem5t :irl+ motions1 by ludicr\s & unseemly exhibition1 de/roy ! :ole gravity ( inw>d int5tion4 ,mohsan ,fani adduces "s in/ances ( danc+1 & quotes ?r\gh\t 8 "w v]ses ( my/ical poetry ^u ,div9e love1 9 gl[+ expressions belong+ to pr(ane passion4 ,x is kn[n h[ equivocal 9 _! mean+ !y appe> 9 ! works ( ,jelal edd9 ,rumi1 ,sdi1 ,hafiz1 & o!rs4#ahe #c4 ,x 0 n always vehem5t en?usiasm :i* 0 n\ri%$ 9 ! contemplation ( "o ,supreme ,be+2 my/icism1 9 ,sfis ( a mild] "*1 became quietism3 he to :om all ?+s are "o1 :o drawe? all ?+s to "o1 & see? all ?+s 9 "o1 may enjoy peace & re/ ( _s4 ,i h quot$ ! words ( an ,engli% bi%op1 ,j]emy ,taylor1 & might borr[ simil> passages f a m anci5t ,*ri/ian bi%op1 ,synesius1#ahf = express+ a sort ( purely spiritual pan!ism4 ,b !re is ano!r1 :i* seems n to exclude mat]ialism3 ! great cause f :i* ! inf9ite s]ies ( all mat]ial & spiritual exi/5ces orig9ates1 is envelop$1 z x 71 ) ! ve/ ( ! univ]se2 nev] kn[n z to its ess5ce1 b always felt 9 its manife/ations2 x is 8,all 9 all1 & all 9 e "p40#ahg ,9 %ort1 ,god is all1 & all is ,god4 ,?is appe>$ n m incompreh5sible1 b less complicat$ ?an any o!r sy/em to ! pan!i/ical ,sfis4 #d4 ,aft] excessive ef=ts to transc5d ! limits ( 8 nature1 ! philosophic inquir] re-ent]s into himself1 & co]ces 8 futile attempts by ! precept3 8,"k ?yself40 ,hav+1 z x 71 recov]$ himself1 & feel+ t e ?+ proce$s f ! dep? ( 8 m9d1 he sees himself 9 e ?+2 heav5 & e>? are 8 own2 8he dem&s f himself :atev] he wi%es20 = he is e ?+2 he f9ds ! ,god :om he s\ght 9 himself1 9 8 own he>t1 & says1 8,:o kn[s himself1 kn[s ,god40 ,?is is religi\s psy*ology1 ! cre$ ( ! egoti/ class ( ,sfis4 ,x is a fact :i* appe>s incr$ible1 b is too well atte/$ = ! admission ( a d\bt1 t ,sfis believ$ !mselves to be gods1 & adh]$ to _! belief1 amid torm5ts1 until dea?4#ahh ,?is psy*ological fact may be expla9$ by consid]+ t1 accord+ to ,sfism1 ,god is no?+ else b an idea ( ! highe/ p]fection2 he1 says our au?or1 f ^: sight bo? worlds vani%$1 :o 9 ! /eps ( "r fai? arriv$ at ! rank ( p]fect purity1 f tru? to tru?1 became ,god2 t is1 he became "o ) 8 own idea ( p]fection1 :i* _c be disput$ to him2 8 div9ity is an illusion1 b no?+ else to him is ! _w2 x is all & no?+1 dep5d5t ^u 8 own creation & annihilation4 ,v4 ,transact+ z x 7 directly ) ! ,div9e ,be+1 ! ,sfis ?r[ (f ! %ackles ( ! positive religion2 pi\s rebels1 !y nei!r fa/ nor make pilgrimages to ! temple ( ,mecca1 nay1 !y =get _! pray]s2 = ) ,god !re is no o!r b ! s\ndless language ( ! he>t4 ,f excess ( religion !y h no religion at all4 ,?us is confirm$ ! trite say+ t 8extremes meet40 8,! p]fection ( a man's /ate10 says ,jami1 8& ! utmo/ degree to :i* sa9ts may atta91 is to be )\t an attribute1 & )\t a m>k40 ,! mo/ f]v5t zeal s9ks into ! colde/ indiff]5ce ab\t religion4 ,! au?or ( ! ,dabi/n decl>es positively1#ahi t 8:oev] says t ! ,muselmans are above ! ,*ri/ians1 does n "k ! true ,be+40 ,b ! :ole cre$ ( an emancipat$ 7?is is ! "n ,i give to "o belong+ to ! fif? ord] ( ,sfis7 unit+ 9 himself ! egoti/1 pan!i/ic1 & my/ical ,sfi w be f\nd 9 ! foll[+ v]ses ( ,jelal-edd9 ,rmi1 be=e m5tion$3 #aij8,o ,moslims6 :at is to be done8 ,i d n "k myself2 ,i am nei!r ,jew1 nor ,*ri/ian1 nor ,gueb]1 nor ,moslim2 ,i am n f ! ,ea/ nor f ! ,we/2 nor f l& nor sea2 nei!r f ! region ( nature nor f t ( heav52 n f ,h9d nor ,*9a2 n f ,bulg>ia nor ,irak1 nor f ! t[ns ( ,khorassan4 ,i am nei!r wat] nor du/1 w9d nor fire2 n f ! highe/ nor deepe/1 nei!r self-exi/5t nor creat$2 ,i am n f ! two worlds1 no son ( ,adam1 n f hell nor f heav51 nor p>adise4 ,he is ! fir/1 ! la/1 ! int]ior1 ! ext]ior2 ,i "k b him1 ,yahu6 ,yahu6 ,m5hu6 ,i look$ up1 & saw bo? worlds to be "o2 ,i see b "o,i seek b "o,i "k b "o4 ,my /ation is )\t space1 my m>k )\t impression2 x is n s\l nor body2 ,i am ! s\l ( s\ls4 ,if ,i _h pass$ "o s+le day )\t !e1 ,i w\ld rep5t to h liv$ "o s+le h\r4 ,:5 "o day ! fri5d /ret*es out 8 h& to me 9 solitude1 ,i tread ! worlds "u my feet1 & op5 my h&s4 ,o ,%ams ,tabrizi1#aia ,i am s intoxicat$ "h t1 except intoxication1 no o!r rem$y rema9s to me40 ,we "k1 by ! prec$+1 :at ! ,sfi is n2 we %all n[ le>n :at he is4 8,o ,moslims6 ,i am intoxicat$ by love 9 ! _w4 ,i am a believ]an unbeliev]a drunk5 monk2 ,i am ! ,%aikhs ,bayazid1 ,%ubli1 ,juneid1 ,abu ,hanifa1 ,%afei1 ,hanbeli2 ,i ! ?rone & t5t ( heav51 f ! du/ up to ! ,pleyads2 ,i am :atev] ?\ see/ 9 sep>ation & enjoym5t2 ,i am ! di/ance ( two b[s-l5g?#aic ar\nd ! ?rone2 ,i am ! ,gospel1 ! ,psalt]1 ! ,koran2 ,i am ,usa & ,lat1#aid ! cross1 ! ,bl & ,dagon1#aie ! ,kbah1 & ! place ( sacrifice4 ,! _w is divid$ into sev5ty-&-two sects1 b !re is b "o ,god2 ! believ] 9 him am ,i2 ,i am ! lie1 ! tru?1 ! good1 ! evil1 ! h>d & ! s(t1 sci5ce1 solitude1 virtue1 fai?1 ! deepe/ pit ( hell1 ! greate/ torm5t ( flames1 ! highe/ p>adise1 ,huri1 ,risvan1#aif am ,i4 ,:at is ! int5t ( ?is spee*8 ,say x1 ,o ,%ams ,tabrizi6 ,! int5d$ mean+ is3 ,i am ! s\l ( ! _w40 ,aft] hav+ s\nd$ human nature 9 its dep?1 & view$ x 9 its v>i\s =ms1 ! ,muhamm$an philosoph]s conceiv$ a high idea ( man 9 g5]al1 & call him insan kamil1 8! p]fect man40 ,he is ! reunion ( all ! worlds1 div9e & naturaf1 univ]sal & p>tial2 he ! book1 ! pure1 sublime1 & v5]able pages ( :i* are n to be t\*$1 nor c be compreh5d$1 b by ^? :o h ?r[n (f ! d>k veils ( ignorance4 ,8 s\l is to 8 body :at ! univ]sal s\l is to ! great _w1 :i* be>s ! "n ( 8! great man40 ,sir ,william ,jones ref]s1#aig = a p>ticul> detail ( ,sfi metaphysics & !ology1 to ! ,dabi/n4 ,^! are giv5 ) a p>ticul> phraseology1 = :i* x is n easy to f9d correspond+ expressions 9 any ,european language2 & :i* ,i h endeavor$1 to ! be/ ( my p[]1 to expla9 9 my notes4 ,a p>ticul> signification is atta*$ ev5 to ! mo/ common t]ms1 su* z /ate1 /ation1 "t1 duration1 exi/5ce1 non-exi/5ce1 possibility1 pres5ce1 abs5ce1 te/imony1 sanctity1 annihilation1 etc41 etc4 ,besides1 we f9d p>ticul> divisions & classifications3 diff]5t attributions & names ( ! ,deity1 ! unity ( :i* is to be pres]v$ 9 all2 ! division ( spirits1 prophetism1 true & false miracles1 revelation1 inspiration2 f\r sorts ( mank9d1 z _m ( life & dea?2 sev5 degrees ( contemplative life1 9 ea* ( :i* degrees ! ,sfi sees a diff]5t color2 f\r lights ( ,god2 f\r sorts ( manife/ations1 ! sign ( :i* is annihilation1 call$ 8! sci5ce10 or 8positive k40 ,fur!r we meet ) a metempsy*osis = ! imp]fect s\l1 & an appe>ance = ! p]fect2 ev5 ) a geography ( ! invisible1 ! l& ( %ades 9 ! t[ns ( ,jabilkha1 ,jabilsa1 & ,b>zah1 etc41 etc42 &1 9 addition1 manifo ,i p9ions ( ,asiatic philosophy4 ,"h %\ld be po9t$ out h[ ,muhamm$an or o!r ,sfis may be conf\nd$ ) ! ,h9du ,yogis or ,sanysis1 al?\gh 9 reality di/+ui%able f ea* o!r4 ,! ,yajur v$a1 & o!r sacr$ books ( ! latt] inculcate ! precept t a man ought to acquire p]fect indiff]5ce conc]n+ ! :ole ext]ior _w1 & 9 all places to lay aside ! notion ( div]sity4 ,?is is :at a ,yogi or ,sanyasi endeavors to atta93 he quits e ?+1 h\se1 wife1 *ildr51 ev5 8 ca/e2 ! _w has no m "r ^u him ?an he ^u ! _w4 ,9 ?is he agrees ) ! ,sfi2 b ! latt] g5]ally aspires to ! div9e gift ( inspiration1 prophetism1 my/ical en?usiasm1 :il/ ! common /ate ( a ,yogi is t ( complete impassiv5ess or torpor4 ,x is only t[>ds ! end ( ! ,dabi/n t ,mohsan ,fani m5tions p>ticul>ly ! ,sabeans1 ^: religion 01 f ! v beg9n+ ( ! "w1 treat$ ( "u diff]5t names ( ! anci5t ,p]sian religions1 su* z ,yezdanians1 ,jamsaspians1 etc41 etc4 #ahj ,see ,j\rnal des ,savans1 dcembre #ahba1 pp4 #gba1 #gbb1 art4 de ,silve/re de ,sacy4 #aha ,! ,slik1 ,mejezub1 & ,mejezub ,salik4 7,see ,a ,treatise on ,sufism1 or ,muhamm$an ,my/icism1 by lieut5ant ,j4 ,william ,graham4 ,9 ! ,transact4 ( ! ,lit4 ,soc4 ( ,bombay1 vol4 ,i4 p4 #ii1 #ahaa4 #ahb ,wordswor?4 #ahc 8 ,solemque suum1 sua sid]a norunt40 neis1 c4 ,,vi4 v4 #fda4 #ahd ,milton's ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,v41 v4 #fbj-fbd4 #ahe ,! two fir/ give _! "n to ! my/ic & moral age2 f #abjc to #acjj2 ! ?ird to t ( ! highe/ spl5dor ( ,p]sian lyrical poetry & rhetoric1 f #acjj to #acig ( our era47,see ,s*ne ,r$ekn/e ,p]si5s ,von ,joseph ,von ,hamm]1 ,wi51 #ahah47 #ahf ,he 0 born 9 ,cyr5e1 9 ,africa1 t[>ds ! end ( our f\r? c5tury1 & di$1 ab\t #dcj1 bi%op ( ,ptolemais4 #ahg ,c[ley4 #ahh ,see vol4 ,,iii4 p4 #bia n4 #a4 #ahi ,see vol4 ,,iii4 pp4 #abc n4 #d2 #bic n4 #aij ,i foll[ ! ,g]man translation ( ,b>on von ,hamm]1 loco cit41 p4 #ahi4 #aia ,%ams-edd9 ,tabrisi1 :om ,jelal-edd9 names at ! end ( ne>ly all 8 lyric poems1 is said to h be5 ! son ( ,khu& ,ala-edd91 *ief ( ! ,assass9s 7,ismilahs74 ,he ga9$ a great celebrity z a ,sfi & a sa9t4 ,f ,tabriz1 f :i* t[n he took 8 surname1 he came to ,konia2 !re ,jelal-edd9 *ose him = 8 spiritual guide1 & rema9$ atta*$ to him all 8 life1 :i* t]m9at$ ,a4 ,d4 #abfb4 ,%ams-edd9 surviv$ him4 ,! tombs ( ! ma/] & disciple1 ne> ea* o!r 9 ,konia1 are ev5 9 our days objects ( v5]ation to pi\s ,muselmans4 #aib ,ibid41 p4 #aia1 #aic ,! di/ance to :i* ,muhamm$ approa*$ ,god 9 heav54 #aid ,two ,arabian idols1 ! ,dus>es & ,allitta ( ,h]odotus4 #aie ,syrian deities4 #aif ,! gu>dian ( p>adise4 #aig ,9 8 ,treatise on ! my/ical poetry ( ! ,p]sians & ,h9dus3 vol4 ,,iv4 ( 8 ,works1 p4 #bcb4 ,,xv4,,recapitulation ,,( ,,! ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,! ,,dabi/an4 ,?us ,i h indicat$ ! pr9cipal cont5ts ( ! ,dabi/n4 ,consid]+ ! philosophic op9ions t\*$ ^u1 we may rem>k t tru?1 al?\gh 9 diff]5t times & places v>i\sly color$1 veil$1 sometimes mutilat$1 (t5 runn+ into falsehood1 is nev]!less widely diffus$1 inasmu* z x reappe>s 9 ! concurr+ decl>ations ( ! greate/ ?9k]s ( all times4 ,?us1 among ! notions ( ! ,asiatics1 we f9d impli$ ! s5se ( ! 7entele*ia7 ( ,ari/otle1 ?is untranslatable ^w1#aih :i* h[ev] c b signify 8"s cont9u$ & p]5nial motion1#aii activity1 mov+ =ce1 p]fection1 pr9ciple ( ?+s0#bjjwe f9d "t & space1 ! necess>y sub/rata ( all our notions1 z taught by ! ,kantians! want ( sub/antial reality 9 ! objects ( s5ses1 ma9ta9$ by ! sceptics 9 g5]al! prototypes & ideas ( ! ,py?agoreans & ,platoni/s! necess>y connections ( all ?+s ( ! ,/oics! atomic doctr9e ( ,mos*us1 ,leucippus1 ,democritus1 ,emp$ocles1 etc4! univ]sality ( s5sation & life ( ! ,h]metites! pre=mation & pre-exi/5ce ( ! s\l1 alleg$ by ,synesius1 ,leibnitz1 & o!rs! successive trans=mation1 transmigration1 gradual p]fection ( be+s2 ! p]iodical r5ovation ( ! _w pr(ess$ by _m ,greek s*ools! pal+5esis ( ,bonnet! "o & ! all ( ,p>m5ides1 ,plot9us1 ,synesius1 ,sp9oza1 n to omit ! ref9$ ,egoismus ( ,fi*te1 etc41 etc4 ,i %all n proce$ fur!r 9 ! enum]ation ( op9ions ascrib$ 9 ! ,dabi/n to diff]5t sects1 & reproduc$ 9 ! doctr9e ( celebrat$ anci5t & mod]n philosoph]s ( ,europe4 ,:o w realize t crit]ion ( true philosophy indicat$ by ! great ,leibnitz1 namely1 t :i* w\ld at once collect & expla9 ! fragm5ts ( tru? scatt]$ ?r\gh all1 & app>5tly ! mo/ incongru\s1 sy/ems8 ,?is is p]haps ! prize to be ga9$1 n by "o mortal1 b by a s]ies ( g5]ations1 9 a labori\s task1 s (t5 int]rupt$ & recomm5c$1 b nev] ab&on$4 ,! /ruggle ( ! human m9d is )\t t]m1 b n )\t aim4 ,we see two pr9cipal mov]s ( human intellect,,philosophy & ,,religion4 ,! "o employs reason z a suffici5t p[] = ! solution ( a solvable problem1 :i* compreh5ds k1 morality1 & civilisation4 ,! o!r di/ru/s reason1 & relies ^u a sup]natural p[] = ! revelation ( a secret1 or = ! ^w ( an enigma1 :i* relates to a de/9ation beyond ! b\nds ( ?is _w4 ,! philosoph]1 self-confid5t1 is liable to error = v>i\s reasons2 b always capable ( correction & improvem5t1 9 ! only possible way1 t ( self-activity1 ! virtu\s ex]tions ( 8 faculties t[>ds atta9able p]fection 9 8 :ole condition4 ,! religioni/ is expos$ to deception by 8 gratuit\s fai? 9 sup]human guidance1 &1 if mi/ak51 is preclud$ f regress & improvem5t by 8 ess5tial virtue1 fidelity2 t is1 ! pi\s surr5d] ( 8 s\l to a spiritual & my/ical sov]eignty4 ,! ,dabi/n %[s u m religioni/s ?an philosoph]s2 x is ! s*ool ( sects1 or r t ( invet]ate sup]/ition1 ) :i*1 9 spite ( ! correctives :i* human nature af=ds to its errors1 ! g5]al "* ( ! ,asiatics rema9s /amp$1 f "t immemorial to ! pres5t day4 ,al?\gh ! twelve *apt]s ( ! ,dabi/n be> ! titles ( z _m religions1 ! au?or says himself1 at ! end ( 8 "w1 t !re are only five great religions^? ( ! ,h9dus1 ,p]sians1 ,jews1 ,naz>eans1 & ,muselmans4 ,he no :]e m5tions ! ,egyptians nor ! ,*9ese1 app>5tly because1 9 8 times & long be=e1 no trace ( ! ,egyptian religion exi/$1 al?\gh x c]ta9ly _h once occupi$ a great circle ( influ5ce1 & because ! ,*9ese cre$ 0 kn[n to be ,buddhism4 ,! five religions m5tion$ con/itute inde$ s _m bases1 ^u :i* ! :ole cre$ ( mank9d has be51 & rema9s f\nd$4 ,!y comprise1 9 g5]al1 poly!ism & mono!ism4 ,9 all times & places1 ! religion ( ! 8,enlight5$0 0 di/+ui%$ f t ( ! 8,vulg>20 ! fir/ z int]ior1 be+ ! product ( univ]sal reason1 0 e :]e ne>ly uni=m2 ! second1 z ext]ior1 be+ compos$ ( p>ticul> & arbitr>y rites & c]emonies1 v>i$ accord+ to ! influ5ce ( ! climate1 & ! "*1 hi/ory1 & civilisation ( a p4 ,b1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 no religion rema9$ entirely ! same1 ei!r 9 pr9ciple or =m4 ,poly!ism1 by m]e simplification1 t5d$ to mono!ism2 ?is itself1 9 its awful incompreh5sibility1 0 modifi$ accord+ z x orig9at$1 or assum$ its notions1 f an?ropomorphism1 hylozoism1 spiritualism1 or pan!ism4 ,nor did any religion rema9 simple & pure1 z proce$+ f only "o pr9ciple2 all religi\s ideas1 elem5tal1 sid]eal1 allegorical1 symbolical1 my/ical1 philosophical1 & o!rs 7 mix$1 z well z all sorts ( wor%ip int]wov54 ,x is n[ impossible to range 9 *ronological ord] _! rise & transition into diff]5t =ms4 ,/ill ! "o or ! o!r ( ^! k9ds pr$om9at$3 ?us physiolatry1 or 8! adoration ( p]sonifi$ nature10 9 ,india2 a/rolatry1 or 8! wor%ip ( />s10 9 ,arabia & ,iran2 none ( ! religions entirely disclaim$ mono!ism1 :i* 0 positively & exclusively pr(ess$ 9 ,judaism1 ,*ri/ianity1 & ,muhamm$anism4 ,magism & ! ?ree la/-nam$ religions 7 f\nd$ or modifi$ by holy p]sonages1 or prophets1 t is1 by individuals ^: hi/orical exi/5ce 9 m or less remote times is positively fix$2 ,h9duism alone ackn[l$ges ,manu z an ideal or my?ological p]son1 ^: laws are h[ev] d]iv$ f ,brahma himself4 ,?is may p]haps be assum$ z a pro( ( its remote/ antiquity2 & ,india1 hav+ be5 less di/urb$ by invasions1 & conqu]$ 9 mu* lat] times by =eign nations1 pres]v$ its in/itutes complete 9 _! orig9ality4 ,!re is sc>cely a t5et to be f\nd 9 any o!r cre$ :i* does n1 at lea/ 9 its g]m1 exi/ 9 ! ,h9du religion4 ,x is mo/ rem>kable t1 al?\gh m5 rev]$ z div9e mess5g]s ( religion h exi/$1 /ill ! works conta9+ ! heav5-s5t doctr9e are1 ei!r n at all or n inconte/ably1 ascrib$ to !m2 & 9 any case devolv$ ^u po/]ity 9 a m or less corrupt$ & mutilat$ /ate2 s z to entail = ev] an inexhau/ible subject ( dispute1 a heavy task = belief1 & sev]e trial ( fai?4 ,if ! ,v$as are ! be/ pres]v$1 x is to no g5]al purpose1 inasmu* z !y are ! lea/ kn[n & mo/ obscure4 ,^! facts ! au?or ( ! ,dabi/n has set 9 full light1 & says1#bja z x 7 to tranquillise mank9d ) reg>d to ! multif>i\s inh]itance ( _! prophets3 8,! v>ieties & multitudes ( ! rules ( prophets proce$ only f ! plurality ( names2 & z 9 names !re is no mutual opposition or contradiction1 ! sup]iority 9 rank among !m is only ! pr$om9ance ( a "n4 ,to ?is ,i subjo9 ano!r passage1 al?\gh x occurs 9 connection ) ano!r subject3#bjb 8,! "t ( a prophet is a univ]sal "o1 hav+ nei!r priority nor po/]ioritynei!r morn+ nor ev5+30 t is1 if ,i und]/& ^! words3 ,z ! same sun ev] %9es ^u u1 s %9es ! same wisdom ( all times1 incorruptible 9 its div9e s\rce4 ,if we take a rapid comp>ative view ( ! pr9cipal features ( ! five religions m5tion$1 we f9d emanation ( all be+s1 intellectual & mat]ial1 f "o great s\rce1 to be ! fundam5tal & *>act]i/ic dogma ( ,h9duism1 e/abli%$ & develop$ 9 ! mo/ explicit & positive mann]4 ,! division ( sup]natural be+s 9 good & bad is adopt$ 9 ! five religions1 b 9 ,magism x is ( a some:at diff]5t orig93 = ,ahriman & 8 ho/ are n rebelli\s or fall5 good g5ii2 !y are an orig9al creation4 ,a primitive innoc5ce & po/]ior corruption is g5]ally believ$2 b by ! ,h9dus z com+ f ri*es & abundance1 by ! o!r nations z caus$ by s$uction ( ! bad spirits4 ,! de/ruction ( mank9d by a deluge is no "p ( ! ,p]sian cre$2 x occurs 9 ! ,indian z "o ( ! pa/ p]iodical r5ovations ( ! _w1 :i* are to be foll[$ by o!rs1 & is also admitt$ by ! ,p]sians1 :il/ ! ,jews1 ,*ri/ians1 & ,muhamm$ans believe a deluge n v anci5t1 z a puni%m5t ( human depravity4 ,inc>nations ( ! ,deity = ! b5efit ( mank9d1 are believ$ only by ,h9dus & ,*ri/ians2 to ! latt] belongs exclusively ! dogma ( a propitiatory sacrifice4 ,human s\ls1 immat]ial1 h pre-exi/5ce accord+ to ! ,v$as & ! ,z&-,ave/a2 9 ! fir/1 z p>ts ( ! ,div9ity2 9 ! latt]1 z creat$ 9 _! f]v]s1 or 8pre-e/abli%$ ideals0 at ! beg9n+ ( ! _w4 ,transmigration is taught 9 ! sacr$ books ( ! ,h9dus & ,p]sians4 ,! immortality ( ! s\l1 res]v$ to future beatitude or damnation1 is ma9ta9$ g5]ally1 less positively1 by ! anci5t ,jews2 ! righte\s are *e]$ by ! prospect ( ! same heav51 ! wick$ ?reat5$ by ! same puni%m5ts1 :i* are held to be et]nal by ,*ri/ians & ,muhamm$ans2 ! ,h9dus & ,p]sians place ! future life 9 a long s]ies ( purifications or purgatories1 lead+1 h[soev] late1 f9ally to heav51 to :i*1 accord+ to ! fir/1 ! mo/ p]fect only are admitt$ imm$iately aft] _! t]re/rial life1 & are n to be born aga91 except by _! own *oice4 ,! resurrection ) ! same body1 & ! la/ judgm5t1 are among ! mo/ ess5tial t5ets ( ! ,magi1 ,*ri/ians1 & ,muhamm$ans2 ! o!r _w is vaguely repres5t$ among ! anci5t ,hebrews4 ,x is j to attribute to ! ,p]sians exclusively "o ( ! mo/ beautiful p]sonifications t 0 ev] imag9$3#bjc ! s\l ( ! deceas$ meets at ! bridge ( et]nity an app>ition ei!r ( an attractive or repulsive =m2 8,:o art ?\80 asks ! unc]ta9 _s1 & he>s ! answ]3 8,i am ?y life40 ,al?\gh ! v>iety & multitude ( human conceptions may appe> b\ndless1 yet !y may p]haps be r$uc$ to a few fundam5tal pr9ciples4 ,9 g5]al1 !re is "o object common to all sorts ( religion3 ?is is to deta* man f gross s5sual matt]s1 & to accu/om him to hold conv]se ) holy sup]natural be+s1 guides to salvation1 omnipres5t witnesses ( all 8 actions1 remun]ators ( good1 puni%]s ( bad de$s2 ! belief 9 su* be+s1 "o or m1 is 9 fact ! mo/ ess5tial support ( morality1 :i*1 be+ fix$ 9 ea* individual1 insures ! peace & happ9ess ( all4 ,9 %ort1 ! mo/ important object ( all religion is to ennoble1 ref9e1 & sanctify man's inmo/ ?\ghts & feel+s1 z well z 8 ext]ior actions4 ,no wond]1 t ! same virtues are recomm5d$ by all religions4 ,b1 if ^! virtues be ! same z to names1 !re is a great diff]5ce z to _! practical application4 ,?us1 ! ,h9dus1 t5d+ excessively to ! ext9ction ( s5sual prop5sities1 & a contemplative life1 de/roy spontaneity1 & produce apa?y4 ,! ,p]sians recomm5d m practical virtues4 ,bo? nations1 h[ev]1 z well z ! ,jews & ,muhamm$ans1 are subject to a great numb] ( dietetical & ritual obs]vances1 :i* div]t !m f useful activity1 conf9e _! practical s5se1 & r5d] in]t ! innate p]fectibility1 ! mo/ preci\s pr]ogative ( mank9d4 ,among all ! ,asiatic nations1 consid]$ 9 ?is "w1 !ocracy1 t is1 ! junction ( ! religi\s & civil laws1 d\bles ! p[] ( despotism1 & comm&s equally ! spiritual & mat]ial1 ! pres5t & ! future _w4 ,! ,we/]n ,*ri/ians 7 9 ! c\rse ( "t =tunate en\gh to modify ! ,asiatic morals1 to enl>ge ! circle ( civilization1 & to op5 to !mselves a b\ndless prospect ( progressive k1 morality1 & happ9ess4 ,f9ally1 !re is "o idea common z an adjunct to ! five religions ( mank9d4 ,common are _! fail+s1 common _! suff]+s1 common is also _! consolationhope4 ,always regrett+ a purity1 simplicity1 & indep5d5ce1 suppos$ to h be5 lo/ 9 ! pa/1 because n to be f\nd any :]e 9 ! pres5t1 & nev] exempt f oppression1 m5 look to ! future1 & li/5 gladly to ! promise ( univ]sal re=m & re/oration to "o rule1 :i* ea* religioni/ says1 w be 8 own1 to be effect$ among ! ,h9dus by ,kalki1 an inc>nation ( ,brahma#bjd1 among ! o!r nations by ! reappe>ance ( _! respective prophet1 ,messiah1 ,mahdi4 8,& !n %all come1 ,:5 ! _w's dissolution %all be ripe1 ,) glory & p['r to judge bo? quick & dead1 ,to judge ?' unfai?ful dead1 b to rew>d ,8 fai?ful1 & receive !m into bliss1 ,:e!r 9 ,heav'n or ,e>?1 = !n ! ,e>? ,%all all be ,p>adise40#bje #aih ,h]melaus ,b>b>o relates t1 f9d+ ! int]pretation ( t ^w s difficult1 he "o night invok$ ! devil = assi/ance4 ,! old sc(f] did n fail to appe>1 b told him a ^w /ill m un9telligible ?an ! ,greek4 ,h]molaus at la/ br\ght =? ! /range t]m p]fectihabia1 :i*1 ,i ?9k1 nobody adopt$4 #aii ,cic]o circumscribes ! ^w3 ,quasi qu&am cont9uatam motionem et p]5nem 7,tusc4 ,qu/41 ,i4 #aj74 ,budu translates x efficacia47,on ?is subject see ,!saurus ,grc l+u ab ,h5r4 ,/ephano con/ructus1 new edit41 ,p>is1 #ahch47 #bjj ,leibnitz 7,op4 t4 ,,ii4 p4 ,,ii4 p4 #ec2 t4 ,,iii4 p4 #cba71 aft] hav+ said1 t to ! mat]ial mass mu/ be add$ "s sup]ior pr9ciple1 :i* may be call$ =mal1 concludes3 8,?is pr9ciple ( ?+s1 :e!r we call x entele*ia1 or #8=ce1' is ( no matt]1 provid$ we recollect t x c only be expla9$ by ! notion ( =ce40 #bja ,vol4 ,,iii4 p4 #bgf4 #bjb ,ibid41 p4 #bhi4 #bjc ,vol4 ,i4 p4 #bhf4 #bjd ,vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #bd1 & ,vi%nu-purana1 transl4 ( ,wilson1 p4 #dhd4 #bje ,milton's ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,,xii4 v4 #deh-dfd4 ,,"p ,,iii4 ,,conclusion4 ,,g5]al ,,appreciation ,,( ,,! ,,dabi/an ,,& ,,its ,,au?or4 ,mohsan ,fni collect$ 9 ! ,dabi/n1 z ,i hope to h %[n by a rapid review ( its pr9cipal cont5ts1 v>i\s important in=mation conc]n+ religions ( diff]5t times & c\ntries4 ,8 acc\nts are g5]ally cle>1 explicit1 & des]v+ confid5ce2 !y agree 9 ! mo/ mat]ial po9ts ) ^? ( o!r accr$it$ au?ors4 ,?us1 to quote "o m in/ance1 ! accuracy ( 8 topographic in=mation relative to ! m>vell\s f\nta9 9 ,ka*mir is 9 ! ma9 confirm$ by t publi%$ by ,b]ni] :o _h visit$ ! c\ntry4 ,our au?or enliv5s 8 text by int]e/+ quotations f ! works ( fam\s poets & philosoph]s1 & by frequ5t ref]5ces to books :i* des]ve to be kn[n4 ,i beg to m5tion ! ,tabs>et al vam1 8,r5d]+ quick-sight$ ! ,vulg>10 :i* he regrets n to h be=e 8 eyes4 ,8 :ole "w is int]sp]s$ ) anecdotes & say+s1 *>act]i/ic ( individuals & sects :i* exi/$ 9 8 times4 ,to :at he relates f p]sonal obs]vation or o!r s\rces1 he frequ5tly adds reflections ( 8 own1 :i* ev9ce a sagaci\s & enlight5$ m9d4 ,?us1 he exhibits 9 himself an int]e/+ example ( ,asiatic erudition & philosophy4 ,! ,dabi/n adds1 if ,i am n mi/ak51 n only a few ideas to our hi/orical k1 b also "s features to ! picture :i* we hi!rto possess$ ( ! ,asiatics4 ,may ,i be p]mitt$ to quote a rem>kable in/ance relative to ! latt]8 ,we are wont to speak ( ! inh]5t apa?y & /ation>y condition ( ! ,muhamm$ans1 z an effect ( _! legislation4 ,al?\gh ?is g5]al idea ( _! "* & /ate be n unf\nd$1 yet x is c>ri$ to su* an exagg]at$ degree1 t we ?9k !m incapable ( progress4 ,we may !re=e be a/oni%$ to f9d 9 ! "w be=e u#bjf a maxim su* z ?is3 8,he :o does n proce$1 retrogrades10 & beside a decl>ation attribut$ to ,muhamm$ himself3 8,he ^: days are alike is deceiv$40 ,our au?or1 x is true1 int]prets x 9 ! p>ticul> po9t ( view ( an or?odox ,sfi1 :o ?9ks t !re is a degree ( m5tal p]fection1 beyond :i* x is impossible to rise3 ?is 01 he says1 ! /ate ( ,muhamm$1 ! prophet1 always ! same1 f :i* no asc5t nor desc5t 0 possible1 ! p]fection ( unity ) ,god1 high] ?an :om no?+ c be3 ! blackness beyond :i* no color c g4 ,) ! exception ( ^! fits ( my/icism1 n[ & !n occurr+1 x is j to say t ,mohsan ,fani mo/ commonly leans to ! side ( progressive re=m4 ,= ! j appreciation ( 8 "w1 ,i ?9k x necess>y to po9t out ano!r op9ion1 :i*1 v g5]ally ent]ta9$1 requires to be consid]ably modifi$3 ,i mean t :i* attributes to ! ,muhamm$ans an unre/ra9$ intol]ance 9 religi\s matt]s4 ,on t acc\nt1 ,i beg to ref] directly to ! book1 :i* to !m always 0 ! sacr$ s\rce ( all rules & precepts ( conduct! ,koran4 ,9 ?is a/oni%+ f>rago ( tru? & falsehood1 we f9d "h & !re a great ext5t ( tol]ation4 ,9 fact1 ,muhamm$ism 0 eclectic 9 all ! religi\s ideas ( its "t1 ,magian1 ,jewi%1 & ,*ri/ian4 ,muhamm$ av[$ himself to be 8a man l e body20#bjg he did n pret5d1 t 8! treasures ( ,god 7 9 8 p[]10 nor did he say 8t he knew ! secrets ( ,god1 nei!r t he 0 an angel2 no2 he ?\ght only to foll[ :at 0 reveal$ to him10#bjh s mu* e body else may say & ?9k1 ,he pr(ess$ 8 good-w to ,*ri/ians1 8z incl9able to ent]ta9 fri5d%ip = ! true believ]s2#bji he exhort$ 8 foll[]s n to dispute1 b 9 ! milde/ mann]1#baj aga9/ ^? :o h receiv$ ! ,scripture1 & wi%$ to come to a j det]m9ation betwe5 bo? p>ties1 t !y all wor%ipp$ n any b ,god40#baa8;,abraham10 said he1 80 nei!r a ,jew nor a ,*ri/ian1 b "o resign$ unto ,god 7,moslim72 excell5ce is 9 ! h& ( ,god2 he gives x unto :om he please?40#bab,/ill m2 ! prophet seems to give a g5]al lic5se to ! pr(essors ( e religion to obs]ve c]ta9 rites ab\t :i* he prohibits all disputes2#bac nay1 he decl>es3 8,if ! ,"l _h pleas$1 v]ily1 all :o are 9 ! e>? w\ld h believ$ 9 g5]al4 ,wilt ?\ !re=e =cibly compel m5 to be true believ]s8 ,no s\l c believe b by ! p]mission ( ,god40#bad ,al?\gh ! ,arabian prophet & 8 foll[]s too (t5 gave by _! conduct a /rong d5ial to ^! pr9ciples1 /ill ! exi/5ce ( !m 9 ! ,koran 0 a sanction to all ^? :o 7 dispos$ to pr(ess !m 9 words & actions4 ,su* s5tim5ts ( religi\s tol]ation are 9 accordance ) simil> ones express$ 9 _m ,*ri/ian moral treatises1 b 9 none ( ! latt] d ,i rememb] to h read3 8t ! div]sities ( religions di/ribut$ among nations1 accord+ to ! exig5cy ( ea*1 are manife/ations ( ! div9e light & p[]1 & t ^! v>i\s =ms1 by :i* ,god's inscrutable ess5ce may be view$ by glimpses1 are means ( possess+ et]nal beatitude1 :il/ "h bel[ ! acquisition ( k is suffici5t to insure to mank9d ! enjoym5t ( concord1 fri5d%ip1 & agreeable int]c\rse40#bae ,^! appe> to be ! maxims adopt$ by ! ,sfis1 & p>ticul>ly by ^? among !m :o1 "u ,akb>1 pr(ess$ to be ,ilahians4 ,! cre$ ( ?is class exi/s 9 our days1 al?\gh ! "n has n surviv$4 ,to ^! we may suppose1 if to any1 ,mohsan ,fni belong$4 ,if we c\ld agree ) ,ersk9e t 8he 0 9 /rict intimacy ) ! sect ( en?usia/s by :om ! ,destir 0 v5]at$10 we %\ld /ill be oblig$ to av[1 t 8 en?usiasm _h n 9 ! lea/ influ5c$ 8 free judgm5t ^u religi\s matt]s4 ,8 imag9ation al?\gh ju/ly exalt$ by sublime notions ( ! ,div9ity1 c]ta9ly appe>s n[ & !n bewild]$ by ! my/]i\s action ( unkn[n causes2 b on o!r occasions po9t+ out1 9 a satirical ve91 s _m follies1 absurdities1 & extravagances prevail+ among mank9d1 he seems to laugh at all en?usiasm :atsoev]1 8 own n except$4 ,9 g5]al1 !re brea!s 9 8 words a _s ( indep5d5ce1 :i* w\ld comm& att5tion ev5 among u 9 ! accu/om$ circle ( long-e/abli%$ lib]ty4 ,8 boldness 9 religi\s controv]sy />tl$ ev5 sir ,w4 ,jones s mu* t1 9 *>act]is+ x by ! h>% t]m ( blasphemy1 ! ,engli% judge appe>s = a mom5t ready to plead = ! abettors ( popul> sup]/ition1 :o /ood conf\nd$ be=e ! tribunal ( ! philosophic ,akb>4 ,i %all h[ev] n conceal1 t ,mohsan ,fani sometimes paid tribute to ! prevail+ ignorance & invet]ate prejudices ( 8 "t1 & above all1 to ! sov]eign p[] ( e>ly impressions2 nor t1 al?\gh 9 _m respects he (f]s 9 himself an honorable exception to ! g5]al "* ( 8 c\ntrym51 he n[ & !n conf\nds himself ) !m4 ,?us1 he 0 f> f be+ above all popul> sup]/ition4 ,! ,asiatic1 f ! dawn ( 8 reason1 is n\ri%$ ) ! m>vell\s1 tra9$ to cr$ulity1 & prep>$ = my/icism1 ! bane ( practical life2 9 %ort1 he imbibes f 8 infancy a sup]/ition f :i* he nev] frees himself1 always prone to int]pret e unusual ph5om5on z a miracle4 ,no sort ( /udy enables him to correct 8 fir/ impressions1 or to enlight5 8 ignorance2 natural hi/ory & exp]im5tal philosophy are n cultivat$ 9 ,asia4 ,if n an agriculturi/1 me*anic1 tradesman1 or soldi]1 he devotes himself to ! intricacies ( metaphysics1 & v commonly to a contemplative life2 he becomes an ascetic4 ,?us he kn[s no social life embelli%$ by ! ref9em5t ( mutual sympa?y1 nor ! noble vocations ( a citiz5 :o lives) m ?an "o life 9 himself1 9 o!rs1 & 9 ! :ole community4 ,su* be+ ! g5]al /ate ( ,asia1 let u n wond] t ,mohsan ,fani believ$ "s /range /ories ( miracles1 & view$ ) a/oni%m5t tricks ( juggl]s1 :i* he relates ) s]i\s cr$ulity1 /rangely contra/+ ) 8 usual good s5se1 sagacity1 & judgm5t4 ,?us1 he pres5ts to u a man /&+ on 8 head ) 8 heels 9 ! air dur+ a :ole night2 o!rs re/ra9+ _! brea? _m h\rs1 & rema9+ immoveable dur+ two or ?ree days2 he speaks ( ! miracul\s effects ( au/]ity1 su* z be+ 9 diff]5t places at ! same "t2 resuscitat+ ! dead2 und]/&+ ! language ( animals1 vegetables1 & m9]als2 walk+ on ! surface ( wat]1 & ?r\gh fire & air2 comm&+ ! elem5ts2 leav+ & reassum+ ! body2 & ! l4 ,b let u n =get t su* /ories 7 told else:]e1 & 9 ,europe1 ev5 s late z ! "t 9 :i* ! ,dabi/n 0 writt54 ,fur!r1 al?\gh g5]ally moral & judici\s 9 8 s5t5ces1 grave & au/]e 9 8 views1 f]v5t & exalt$ 9 dev\t contemplation1 our au?or n[ & !n happ5s to use ! language ( ribaldry & indec5cy1 :i* des]ves s]i\s reprobation4 ,we %all h[ev] rem>k t ta/e1 or ! s5se ( propriety 9 words & expressions among ,asiatics diff]s1 z mu* z _! g5]al civilisation1 f ours4 ,f religi\s au/]ity !y bani%$ ! elegant arts1 z objects ( s5suality2 b1 z !y c\ld n /ifle ?is ess5tial "p ( human nature1 !y only prev5t$ its useful ref9em5t2 !y clipt ! delicate fl[]1 b left ! brute "p ( x3 h5ce ! grossness ( _! jokes1 expressions1 & images4 8,to sacrifice to ! graces0 is1 among !m1 n und]/ood at all1 or ?\ght an abom9ation4 ,b !y _c be said to violate laws :i* !y d n "k2 ! (f5ce :i* !y give f want ( ta/e & dec5cy1 is purely un9t5tional1 & _c ) !m h t evil effect :i*1 among u1 x w\ld be likely to produce4 ,z to ! g5]al /yle ( ! ,dabi/nx is only 9 ! orig9al text itself1 t x c be ju/ly appreciat$4 ,x w p]haps suffici5tly appe> f our translation t x di/+ui%es itself favorably among o!r ,ori5tal works ) :i* x may be comp>$4 ,! diction is g5]ally free f _! usual bomba/2 x is commonly cle>1 & :5 obscure to an ,european read]1 x is s on acc\nt ( ! /rang5ess & ab/rus5ess ( ! matt] treat$4 ,z to =mif judg$ accord+ to ! rules ( ,we/]n criticism1 ! "w ( ,mohsan ,fani may be f\nd defici5t 9 ! di/ribution & arrangem5t ( matt]2 !re are useless repetitions1 incoh]5ces1 disord]1 abrupt digressions1 & excess1 sonetimes ( prolixity1 at o!rs ( concision4 ,al?\gh we h reason to praise him = g5]ally nam+ ! s\rce f :i* he drew 8 in=mation1 /ill we c b regret1 n[ & !n1 8 n suffici5tly au!nticat+ nor expla9+ ! p>ticul>s :i* he relates4 ,?us we c\ld wi% him to h be5 m explicit conc]n+ ! ,destir4 ,^u ! :ole1 we _c accuse him ( n hav+ p]=m$ :at1 9 8 "t & circum/ances1 0 h>dly possible1 & :at hi!rto no ,asiatic au?or has a*iev$4 ,we ought to keep 9 m9d h[ mu*1 ) respect to ! p]fection ( lit]>y publications1 we owe solely to ! art ( pr9t+1 ! practice ( :i*1 by its own nature1 necessitates & facilitates a manifold revision & correction ( ! text1 :i* o!rwise c\ld h>dly take place4 ,?is alone suffici5tly acc\nts = ! frequ5t defects ev5 ( ! be/ manuscript works4 ,/rik+ an equitable balance betwe5 faults & excell5cies1 & ) p>ticul> reg>d to ! abundance ( curi\s1 useful1 & important in=mation1 ,i %all n hesitate to express my s9c]e p]suasion1 t ! ,dabi/n 0 wor?y ( ! eulogy be/[$ by ! great ,ori5tali/ :o fir/ br\ght x into public notice4 #bjf ,vol4 ,,iii4 p4 #bhg4 #bjg ,! ,koran1 *4 ,,xviii4 v4 #ajj4 #bjh ,ibid41 *4 ,,vi4 v4 #di4 #bji ,ibid41 *4 ,v4 vv4 #hf4 #hh4 #baj ,ibid41 *4 ,,xxix4 v4 #de4 #baa ,ibid41 *4 ,,iii4 v4 #eg4 #bab ,ibid41 vv4 #fa4 #ff4 #fg4 #bac ,ibid41 *4 ,,xx4 v4 #ff4 #bad ,ibid41 *4 ,x4 vv4 #ii4 #ajj4 #bae ,see ,epilogue4 ,,ii4,,notice ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,pr9t$ ,,edition1 ,,"s ,,manuscripts1 ,,& ,,! ,,translations ,,( ,,! ,,dabi/an4 ,x is well kn[n1 t ! only pr9t$ edition ( ! ,dabi/n :i* exi/s is due to ! press ( ,calcutta4 ,at ! end ( ! "w w be f\nd ! ,epilogue ( ! editor1 ,m\lavi ,naz] ,u%ruf1 a le>n$ ,muhamm$an g5tleman ( ! di/rict ( ,juanpur1 :o 0 = _m ye>s employ$ 9 judicial (fices 9 ! di/rict ( ,burdwan1 & 9 ! c\rt ( ,sudd] ,diwani ,adawlet1 9 ,calcutta4 ,^! p>ticul>s 7 communicat$ to me by ! favor ( ! honorable g5tleman ^: "n ! said editor m5tions 9 8 ,epilogue ) encomium1 ! s9c]ity ( :i* c c]ta9ly n be que/ion$3 x 0 ,william ,butt]wor? ,bayley1 at pres5t director & *airman ( ! ,honorable ,ea/ ,india ,company4 ,x 0 he1 a di/+ui%$ ,p]sian s*ol>1 :o direct$ & sup]9t5d$ ! edition ( ! ,dabi/n4 ,^u ! /r5g? ( 8 au?ority ,i am enabl$ to add1 t ! pr9t$ copy 0 ! result ( a c>eful collation ( sev]al manuscript copies ( ?is "w4 ,"o 0 obta9$ f ,delhi 7z m5tion$ 9 ! epilogue71 & ano!r f ,bombay2 two or ?ree 7 9 ! possession ( natives 9 ,calcutta4 ,al?\gh ^!1 z x is m or less ! case ) all manuscripts1 procurable 9 ,india1 7 defective1 yet we may believe ! assurance giv5 by ! editor1 t 8! d\bts & faults h be5 z mu* z possible disc>d$1 & ! edition c>ri$ to a manife/ accuracy40 ,?is is confirm$ by ! fact1 t only a few discrepancies f ! pr9t$ edition 7 f\nd 9 two o!r manuscripts1 :i* 7 9 ,engl& at ! disposition ( ! late ,david ,%ea = ! translation ( ! fir/ "p ( ! ,dabi/n4 ,nor did ,i f9d frequ5t deviations f ! pr9t$ text 9 ! copy :i* 0 transcrib$ = me 9 ,calcutta f a manuscript1 procur$ f ! libr>y ( ! k+ ( ,oude4 ,mutilat$ 9 _m places1 & imp]fect z is ?is latt]1 x af=d$ me nev]!less a few acceptable read+s4 ,i 0 oblig$ to cont5t myself ) ! assi/ance ( ?is only manuscript = ! translation1 z sev]al circum/ances1 among :i* 0 ! lam5t$ dea? ( ! e>l ( ,mun/]1 prev5t$ me f obta9+ ! use ( o!r manuscript copies4 ,all circumtances consid]$1 ,i d n hesitate to say1 t ! pr9t$ edition ( ! ,dabi/n is m correct ?an any ( ! manuscript copies :i* c be f\nd2 we h only to regret t its typography1 ow+ to ! !n imp]fect /ate ( ! ,ori5tal press 9 ,calcutta1 is s irregul>1 z to be sc>ce entitl$ to any pref]5ce ov] ! common sort ( ,p]sian manuscripts4 ,! ,engli% translation ( ! ,dabi/n 0 begun "s "t be=e ! ye> #ahce1 by ,david ,%ea1 "o ( ! pr(essors ( ,ori5tal languages at ,hayleybury4 ,he 0 9 8 e>ly ye>s di/+ui%$ 9 ! univ]sity ( ,dubl9 = 8 classical atta9m5ts1 & rema9$ devot$ to lit]ature 9 all ! v>i\s circum/ances ( 8 life4 ,x 0 n =1 nor 91 ,india! great object & s*ool ( ,engli% /ud5tsb 9 ,malta1 f peculi> inducem5t1 t1 by uncommon application1 he acquir$ ! ,arabic & ,p]sian languages4 ,aft] 8 return to ,engl&1 hav+ be5 atta*$ to ! ,hayleybury college,i %\ld n fail to add to 8 eulogy by say+1 t he _h be=e won ! k9d int]e/ & recomm5dation ( sir ,graves ,haughton& hav+ become a memb] ( ! committee ( ! ,ori5tal ,translation ,fund1 he e>n$ ! applause ( ,ori5tali/s 9 ,engl&1 & on ! cont95t ( ,europe1 by 8 fai?ful & spirit$ translation ( ,mirkhond's hi/ory ( ! e>ly k+s ( ,p]sia4 ,und]tak+ ! translation ( ! ,dabi/n1 he 0 und\bt$ly prep>+ to himself a new success1 ! full realisation ( :i* he 0 n p]mitt$ to enjoy2 ! la/ date 9 8 manuscript copy1 9 :i* he 0 wont to m>k ! progress ( 8 labor1 0 ,april #bb1 #ahce4 ,f ?is day he appe>s to h )drawn 8 h& f ! ,dabi/n1 & too soon aft],i %all be p]mitt$ to use ! v words ( ! au?or :om he 0 translat+3#baf 8,he s\ght ! /ores ( holy lib]ty1 ,a re/+ place on high1 & so>'d f h5ce ,beyond ! b\nds ( heav51 e>?1 & "t40 ,x 0 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ye> #ahcg t ,i 0 honor$ by ! e>l ( ,mun/]1 ! vice presid5t ( ! ,royal ,asiatic ,society ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&1 ) ! proposal ( complet+ & edit+ ! ,engli% ,dabi/n4 ,hav+ already sev]al ye>s be=e be5 occupi$ ) ! same "w :il/ pursu+ my ,indian /udies1 ,i 0 s mu* ! m prompt$ to accept ! pr(f]$ honor4 ,engag$ h[ev] z ,i !n 0 9 publi%+ my ,fr5* translation ( ! fir/ six books ( ! ,rajat>ang9i f ! ,sanscrit1 ,i c\ld n beg9 ! new "w be=e #ahda4 ,?is delay 0 ! cause ( my be+ depriv$ ( ! desir$ honor & satisfaction ( pres5t+ my translation to ! e>l ( ,mun/]1 :o :ile 9 ! full enjoym5t ( life1 welcom$ ) a b5evol5t int]e/ e contribution1 h[ev] small1 to ! g5]al diffusion ( ,ori5tal hi/ory & lit]ature2 he _h accept$ 9 ,p>is my ,d$ication a %ort "t be=e 8 dea?2 x rema9s to me to consecrate1 ) a pr(\nd feel+ ( regret & v5]ation = dep>t$ wor?1 ! ,engli% ,dabi/n to 8 memory4 ,i took *>ge ( ! manuscript copy ( ,david ,%ea's v]sion1 :i* _h be5 c>ri$ to page #bja ( ! pr9t$ ,calcutta edition4#bag ,9 ?is !re 7 only a few omissions to be suppli$1 & no o!r rectifications to be made b ^? :i* a second review w\ld h sugge/$ to my le>n$ pr$ecessor himself2 8 notes1 & ^? :i* ,i ?\ght necess>y to add1 are m>k$ ea* ) ! initials ( our respective names4 ,if ,i f\nd little to *ange1 ,i _h mu* to imitate 9 ,david ,%ea's translation8 fai?fulness & cle>ness4 ,by fai?fulness ,i und]/& n only express+ truly ! s5se1 b also keep+ unalt]$ ! words1 figures1 images1 & phrases ( ! orig9al1 z x is 9 !m t ! au?or's national & individual peculi>ity is manife/$4 ,?is sort ( fai?fulness may r\gh5 or hamp] ! phrase1 de/roy ! elegance ( /yle1 & ev5 (f5d good ta/e1 b by x alone we %all n only "k1 z ,i h j obs]v$1 ! g5ius ( ! =eign writ]1 b also satisfy ! exig5cies ( philology1 :i* is "o ( ! ma9 purposes ( translations n und]tak5 z m]e ex]cises ( improvable eloqu5ce4 ,an au?or w n employ m or o!r words ?an ^? he ?9ks necess>y = be+ und]/ood by read]s ( 8 own nation1 religion1 s*ool2 he writes1 = in/ance1 z a ,muhamm$an = ,muhamm$ans1 a ,sfi = ,sfis4 ,b a translator mu/ d 8 be/ = unit+ fai?fulness ) cle>ness1 ! indisp5sable condition ( any spee* or writ+2 he mu/ add :at is requir$ = illu/rat+ ! orig9al text1 & ?us submit to a *>ge1 n[ & !n heavi] ?an he c be>4 ,"u ! necessity ( exp\nd+ ! translation by notes1 ,i 0 n actuat$ by ! ambition ( be+ new1 b only by t ( be+ z useful z my means p]mitt$1 t is1 by endeavor+ to sp>e ! read] "t & tr\ble to look = dates & biographical notices ( ! p]sons1 ! situation ( ! places1 & ! explanation ( ! te*nical t]ms :i* occur 9 ! text4 ,ori5tali/s "k ! difficulty ( r5d]+ 9 a ,european language ! phraseology ( ! ,asiatic !ology & philosophy4 ,! ,dabi/n pres5ts1 besides ! ,sanscrit1 a confusion ( ,arabic & ,p]sian te*nical expressions2 "s ( !m h a v compreh5sive signification1 & = ! sake ( cle>ness mu/ be r5d]$ by diff]5t t]ms 9 diff]5t places2 o!r expressions h at times a p>ticul> s5se1 & are at o!r times to be tak5 9 ! common acceptation2 ! same t]ms mu/ be translat$ by diff]5t words1 & diff]5t t]ms by ! same2 f9ally1 ! matt] treat$ ( is frequ5tly s ab/ruse 9 its nature t pr(ess$ philosoph]s h n yet be5 able to agree ^u "s ( ! mo/ important que/ions4 ,i c !re=e b appreh5d t ,i may n h ?or\ghly und]/ood1 & mu/ confess t ,i h n translat$1 to my own satisfaction1 m ?an "o passage relative to ,indian doctr9es1 & to ! ,muhamm$an s*ola/ic philosophy4 ,! ,sanscrit names & t]ms ( ,indian my?ology1 !ology1 & philosophy are mu* corrupt$ by ! ,p]sian spell+2 ,i h endeavor$ to re/ore !m to _! orig9al =ms4 ,i ?\ght x "r to adduce 9 mo/ cases ! ,sanscrit1 ,arabic1 or ,p]sian ^w at ! same "t 9 ,roman z well z ,devanag>i1 or ,arabic *>act]s1 ) its int]pretation4 ,i foll[$ ! rule propos$ by sir ,william ,jones = writ+ ori5tal words 9 ,roman *>act]s1 z (t5 z ,i took ^! words f a ,sanscrit1 ,p]sian1 or ,arabic text2 b f works writt5 9 a ,european language1 ,i 0 g5]ally oblig$ to copy ! spell+ ( ,ori5tal names3 on :i* acc\nt1 9 my notes1 a regretable inequality ( or?ography c\ld n be avoid$4 ,! ,dabi/n n only t\*es ^u mo/ difficult po9ts ( sci5ce & erudition1 b also comprises 9 its allusions & ref]5ces ne>ly ! :ole hi/ory ( ,asia4 ,9 obs]v+ ?is1 ,i am necess>ily at ! same "t po9t+ to ! _m defici5cies :i* w be f\nd 9 my attempts to comm5t & illu/rate s compreh5sive & div]sifi$ a text4 ,! be/ advantage :i* a man obta9s at ! t]m9ation ( an ardu\s "w1 is to h enabl$ himself to make x bett]1 if he c\ld beg9 aga92 b he c b humbly submit to ! decrees ( an all-rul+ p[]1 :i* be/[s ^u ea* mortal only a c]ta9 measure ( faculties & ( "t4 ,desir\s to fulfil my task to ! be/ ( my abilities1 ,i did n neglect to consult e translation ( any "p ( ! ,dabi/n :i* _h be5 publi%$4 ,i h already m5tion$1 9 ?is preface1#bah t ,gladw9 edit$ ! ,p]sian text ( a "p ( ! fir/ *apt] ) an ,engli% v]sion :i* 0 wor?y ( 8 reputation z an excell5t ,ori5tali/4 ,e ?+ t came f ! p5 ( ! late doctor ,leyd5 des]v$ att5tion4 ,i _h be=e my eyes 8 translation ( *apt] ,,ix41 on ! religion ( ! ,ro%5ian4#bai ,i did n neglect ! abridg$ int]pretation ( ! religi\s controv]sies held be=e ,akb>1 giv5 9 =m ( a dialogue by ! le>n$ & +5i\s ,vans ,k5n$y4#bbj ,i p]us$ ) due reg>d ! explanations :i* ! illu/ri\s ,silve/re de ,sacy furni%$ ( "s passages ( ! ,dabi/n#bba s9ce ?is "w became kn[n to him 9 #ahba1 z well z ! rem>ks cursorily made ^u x by "s ,ori5tali/s4 ,i did n fail also to pr(it by ! advantages :i* my resid5ce 9 ,p>is1 & my connections ) di/+ui%$ cultivators ( ,ori5tal lit]ature1 c\ld af=d me on behalf ( my translation4 ,x is my duty to ackn[l$ge ! s]vices :i* ,i receiv$ f ! k9dness ( ,m4 ,g>c9 de ,tassy1 pr(essor ( ,h9do/anee1 ^: intimate acqua9tance ) ,arabic & ,p]sian lit]ature 9 g5]al1 & ) ,muhamm$an !ology 9 p>ticul>1 is atte/$ by sev]al e/eem$ works :i* he has publi%$4 ,! _m ,arabic passages1 dissem9at$ 9 ! ,dabi/n1 h mo/ly be5 revis$1 int]pret$1 & ref]r$ to ! ,koran1 by him4 ,m4 ,eugne ,burn\f1 pr(essor ( ,sanscrit1 is nev] 9 va9 consult$ conc]n+ t "p ( anci5t philology 9 :i* he has acquir$ a mo/ p>ticul> & em95t di/9ction4 ,i also con/antly exp]i5c$ ! mo/ fri5dly read9ess to t5d] me in=mation1 :5 requir$1 9 ,m4 ,julius ,mohl & b>on ,mac ,guck9 de ,slane1 z well z 9 ,m4 ,re9aud1 pr(essor ( ,arabic1 atta*$ to ! ,royal ,libr>y1 a mo/ di/+ui%$ cons]vator & mo/ complaisant communicator ( ! valuable manuscripts "u 8 special *>ge4 ,i beg ^! honorable g5tlem5 to receive my s9c]e/ ackn[l$gm5ts4 #baf ,see vol4 ,i4 p4 #aca4 #bag ,9 ! ,engli% transl4 to vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #he4 #bah ,p4 vi4 #bai ,see ,z4 ,res41 vol4 ,,xi4 pp4 #djf-dbj2 ,calcutta qu>to edit42 & vol4 ,,iii4 pp4 #bf-db ( ?is "w4 #bbj ,see ,transact4 ( ! ,bombay ,lit4 ,soc41 vol4 ,,ii4 pp4 #bdb-bgj1 & vol4 ,,iii4 ( ?is "w1 p4 #ej et seq4 #bba ,see ,j\rnal des ,savans1 fvri] #ahba1 ,review ( ! ,destir2 & ,decemb]1 #ahba1 & ,janu>y1 #ahbb1 ,review ( ,?ulok's "w ^u ,sfism4 ,,! ,,dabi/,n1 ,,or ,,s*ool ,,( ,,mann]s4 ,,! ,,dabi/,n1 ,,or1 ,,s*ool ,,( ,,mann]s4 #bbb;,9 ! "n ( ! b\ntiful & m]ciful ,god4 ,v]se4#bbc 8,o ,?\1 ^: "n is ! beg9n+ ( ! book ( ! *ildr5 ( ! s*ool1 ,?y remembrance is to ! adult among/ ! ,sages ! tor* ( _! nightly retirem5t2 ,)\t ?y "n ! tongue fails ! palate ( ! b>b>ians1 ,al?\gh !y "k ! language ( ,arabia2#bbd ,hav+ ! he>t 9 ! body full ( ?y remembrance1 ! novice1 z well z ! adept1 9 contemplation ,becomes a supreme k+ ( beatitude1 & ! ?rone ( ! k+dom ( gladness4 ,:atev] road ,i took1 x jo9$ ! /reet :i* leads to ,!e2 ,! desire to "k ?y be+ is also ! life ( ! m$itators2 ,he :o f\nd t !re is no?+ b ,!e1 has f\nd ! f9al k2 ,! mb$ is ! tea*] ( ?y tru?1 & ! _w a s*ool40 ,bless+ )\t limit to ! mighty ,be+1 ! ,"l ( exi/5ce1 ! rid] ^u ! sun ( ! cele/ial sph]e :i* is ! eye-witness ( 8 glory2 to ,him ^: s]vant is ,saturn1 ,bah>am 7,m>s7 ! mess5g]1 ,jupit] ! />1 ! h]ald ( good =tune1 ,v5us ! slave2 to ,him :o is ! ornam5t ( ! ?rone ( ! empire ( ! fai?1 & ! cr[n ( div9ity ( ! k+dom ( tru?40 ,masnavi4#bbe 8,! be+ to :om ! holy ,god said3 ,if n !e1 ,i w\ld n h creat$ ! worlds2#bbf ,t primitive wisdom & t s\l ( ! _w2 ,t man ( _s1 & t _s ( man4 ,bless+ be also to ! ,khalifs ( ! fai?ful1 & to ! ,lords ( ! ,imns ( ! fai?40#bbg ,rabai 7quatra974 8,! _w is a book full ( k & ( ju/ice1 ,! b9d] ( :i* book is de/9y1 & ! b9d+ ! beg9n+ & ! end2 ,! suture ( x is ! law1 & ! leaves are ! religi\s p]suasions2 ,! :ole nation is =m$ ( its disciples1 & ! apo/le is ! tea*]40 ,9 ?is book1 call$ 8,! ,dabi/an10 is conta9$ some?+ ( ! k & fai? ( pa/ nations1 ( ! spee*es & actions ( mod]n p1 z x has be5 report$ by ^? :o "k :at is manife/1 & see :at is conceal$2 z well z by ^? :o are atta*$ to ext]ior =ms1 & by ^? :o disc]n ! inw>d mean+1 )\t omission1 & dim9ution1 )\t hatr$1 envy & scorn1 & )\t tak+ a "p = ! "o1 or aga9/ ! o!r side ( ! "q4 ,?is "w is compos$ ( sev]al *apt]s4 ,,*apt4 ,i4 treats ( ! religion ( ! ,prsin4 ,,*apt4 ,,ii4 ( ! religion ( ! ,h9dus4 ,,*apt4 ,,iii4 ( ! religion ( ! ,tabitan4 ,,*apt4 ,,iv4 ( ! religion ( ! ,yahud 7,jews74 ,,*apt4 ,v4 ( ! religion ( ! ,t>ass 7,*ri/ians74 ,,*apt4 ,,vi4 ( ! religion ( ! ,muselmns4 ,,*apt4 ,,vii4 ( ! religion ( ! ,sdakah4 ,,*apt4 ,,viii4 ( ! religion ( ! ,vhadih 7,unit>ians74 ,,*apt4 ,,ix4 ( ! religion ( ! ,r%5n4 ,,*apt4 ,x4 ( ! religion ( ! ,ilahah4 ,,*apt4 ,,xi4 ( ! religion ( ! ,wise 7,philosoph]s74 ,,*apt4 ,,xii4 ( ! religion ( ! ,sfiah4 #bbb ,! words 9 italic are n 9 ! ,p]sian text4 #bbc ,! five di/i*s are 9 ! metre call$ 1 8hazaj10 compos$ ( ! foll[+ feet3 4 ,see ,m4 ,g>c9 de ,tassy1 au?or ( ! 8,mmoire sur le sy/me mtrique des ,arabes1 adapt la langue ,h9d\/ani40 #ahcb4 #bbd ,?is di/i* conta9s ! same idea z ! foll[+ ( ,nizmi3 8,x is bett] n to speak ?an to speak ( ano!r b !e2 x is bett] to leave 9 oblivion :at does n rem9d ( !e40 ,quot$ 9 ! 8,rudim5s de la langue ,h9d\/ani10 by ! au?or j m5tion$ 7p4 #af & #be74 #bbe ,! two di/i*s are 9 a metre1 :i* is a v>iety ( ! hazaj1 be=e m5tion$1 & is compos$ z foll[s3 4 #bbf ,?is v]se expresses ! same idea z ! foll[+ hemi/i* ( ! ,arabic poem1 call$ ,borda1 & compos$ by ,%>f-edd9-al ,bsri3 8,)\t him ! _w w\ld nev] h come =? f no?+ness40 ,?is is "o ( ! celebrat$ traditions respect+ ,muhamm$1 conta9$ 9 ! foll[+ words3 8,if x _h n be5 = !e 7,muhamm$71 ! worlds w\ld nev] h be5 creat$40 ,?is encomia/ic expression has be5 reproduc$ 9 sev]al o!r poems1 ,arabic1 ,p]sian1 & ,h9do/ani4 ,see ^u ?is subject1 8,les av5tures de ,kamrup10 p4 #adf-adg1 & 8,les ,o,euvres de ,wali10 p4 #ea-eb1 traduites de l',h9d\/ani1 p> ,m4 ,g>c9 de ,tassy4 #bbg ,! manuscript ( ,oude has "h3 1 8,mohs5 ,fni says30 :i* w\ld leave no d\bt ^u ! "n ( ! au?or ( ?is book1 if ^! words 7 n a m]e addition ( ! copyi/4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,( ,,! ,,religion ,,( ,,! ,,p>si,n4 ,?is *apt] is divid$ into fifte5 sections4 ,,sect4 ,i4 ( ! religi\s t5ets & c]emonies ( ! ,sipsn4 ,,sect4 ,,ii4 ( ! di/+ui%$ m5 among/ ! ,sipsn4 ,,sect4 ,,iii4 ( ! ord9ances conta9$ 9 ! book reveal$ to ,abd4 ,,sect4 ,,iv4 ( ! ,jem%spin4 ,,sect4 ,v4 ( ! ,samrdn4 ,,sect4 ,,vi4 ( ! religion ( ! ,khodnn4 ,,sect4 ,,vii4 ( ! t5ets ( ! ,rdan4 ,,sect4 ,,viii4 ( ! religion ( ! ,%drangn4 ,,sect4 ,,ix4 ( ! belief ( ! ,pyk]n4 ,,sect4 ,x4 ( ! t5ets ( ! ,milnn4 ,,sect4 ,,xi4 ( ! doctr9es ( ! ,alrn4 ,,sect4 ,,xii4 ( ! religi\s op9ions ( ! ,%dbn4 ,,sect4 ,,xiii4 ( ! religion ( ! ,akh%n4 ,,sect4 ,,xiv4 ( ! belief ( ! ,z]du%tin4 ,,sect4 ,,xv4 ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,mazdakn4 ,,section ,i4 #bbh;,"h comm5ces ! hi/ory ( ! t5ets & c]emonies obs]v$ by ! ,sipsn & ,prsn4 ,among ! ,p>sn1 call$ also ! ,irann1 is a sect /yl$ ! ,yazadn or ,yazdnn1 ,abdn1 ,sipsn1 ,hu%in1 ,anu%kn1 ,az>h%angn1 & ,az>n4 ,!y believe x impossible = man1 by ! =ce ( intellect1 or ! en]gy ( _s1 to compreh5d ! exalt$ ess5ce ( ! ,almighty & ,holy ,"l4 ,entity1 unity1 id5tity1 or all 8 div9e attributes ( k & life1 con/itute ! f\nta9 ( 8 holy ess5ce4 ,he is1 9 ! mo/ compreh5sive s5se1 ! p>am\nt1 omnipot5t ,"l ov] all ?+s1 :e!r consid]$ collectively1 or 9 ! *anges incid5t to _! compon5t p>ts4 ,all 8 works & op]ations are 9 con=mity to 8 exalt$ w3 if he wills1 he acts2 if he wills n1 he acts n2 b works wor?y ( adoration are z insep>able f 8 honor$ ess5ce1 z 8 o!r glori\s attributes ( p]fection4,urf ( ,%rz ?us expresses himself3 8,?y ess5ce is able to call into be+ all t is impossible1 ,except to create "o l ?yself40 ,! fir/ creation ( 8 exi/5ce-be/[+ b\nty 0 ! preci\s jewel ( ! intellectual pr9ciple1 call$ ,azad ,bahman2 ! sol> ray :i* con/itutes ! excell5ce ( 8 augu/ exi/5ce is f ! ess5ce ( ! light ( lights4 ,f ! effulg5ce ( ,bahman1 or ! 8,fir/ ,intellig5ce10 proce$$ ano!r1 along ) ! _s & body ( ! ,pure ,e!r or ,cry/all9e ,sph]e4 ,9 l mann] f ?is second ,s]%#bbi or 8angel0 !re emanat$ ?ree simil> rays2 s t e /> 9 ! univ]se1 :e!r 9 motion or at re/1 t is1 e planet & fix$ />1 & also e "o ( ! heav5s1 has its peculi> intellect & _s4 ,!y also believe t ! heav5s exce$ ! compass ( numb]s1 & t ! sph]es are z _m 9 numb] z ! />s3 also t e /> has its own firmam5t1 b t ! movem5ts ( _! sph]es are 9 accordance ) ^? ( ! zodiacal firmam5t4 ,9 l mann]1 ea* ( ! f\r elem5ts has its sep>ate gu>dian1 f ! ,nuri/an 7region ( light71 or ! _w ( ,intellects3 :i* angel is /yl$ ,p>v>dig> or ,p>v>dig>-i-,gunah2 ,d>a or ,d>a-i-,gunah2 & 9 ,arabic1 8,rab-un-naw0 or 8,"l ( ! species20 9 ! same mann]1 all _! relations1 or e species1 has its peculi> reg5t f ! ,nuri/an or #8region ( light4',!y reg>d ! subsi/+ _s ( man1 or ! reasonable human s\l1 z et]nal & inf9ite4 ,sid says ?us3 8,no sign ( man or _w appe>$ on ! tablet ( exi/5ce ,:5 ! s\l brea!d =? pursuant to ?y w 9 ! s*ool ( love40 ,x is relat$ 9 "s ( ! e/eem$ records ( ?is sect1 t by et]nal s\ls are meant1 ! spirits ( ! sph]es3 & t human s\ls are a creation1 b et]nal3 also1 t "s human temp]am5ts are s con/itut$1 t s\ls f ! upp] _w are conf]r$ on !m3 :il/ o!rs are adapt$ = hav+ atta*$ to !m s\ls ab/ract$ f matt]2 t su* appropriation is regulat$ by influ5ce ( ! sph]es1 & is conceal$ f ! sight ( ! mo/ pr(\nd ?9k]s4 ,!y also say1 :5 ?is immortal _s atta9s to em95ce 9 praise-wor?y k & belief1 t is1 pure fai? & good works1 t on leav+ ?is l[] body1 x succe$s 9 unit+ itself to ! sublime uncomp\nd$ spirits3 b %\ld x n atta9 to ?is high1 emancipation-be/[+ degree1 x is unit$ to t sph]e1 9 relation to :i* its acts 7 upright4 ,if ! habitual language 7 praise-wor?y & ! works p]=m$ m]itori\s1 b x %\ld n h atta9$ to ! rank ( union ) a sph]e1 x be+ !n dive/$ ( corporeal elem5ts1 rema9s 9 ! l[] _w ) ! similitude ( a bodily =m1 & 9 consequ5ce ( its praise-wor?y qualities1 x enjoys 9 appe>ance ! view ( ! nymphs1 palaces1 & bright rose-b[]s ( p>adise1 & becomes a ,zamn-,s]u%1 or #8,t]re/rial ,angel4' ,b if its words h be5 repreh5sible1#bcj & also accompani$ ) evil de$s1 on des]t+ ?is mat]ial body1 x obta9s n ano!r simil>ly con/itut$ & is unable to rea* ! ,%da/an or #8! region ( ,light4' ,be+ ?us sep>at$ f ! primitive s\rce1 x rema9s 9 ! abode ( ,elem5ts1 9 ! ,hell ( concupisc5ce & passion & ! flames ( remorse3 ultimately x becomes ! prey ( malady1 b does n obta9 a high] mansion3 ! s\l ( su* a description f9ally becomes an ,ahriman1 or #8,evil ,demon4' ,if 9 a _s de/itute ( praisewor?y conv]sation1 ! good actions prepond]ate1#bca b 9 consequ5ce ( ! atta*m5t ( ! he>t to matt]1 or ?r\gh ignorance1 su* a _s atta9s n to ! dignity ( lib]ation1 x removes f "o body to ano!r1 until by ! efficacy ( good words & de$s1 x is f9ally emancipat$ f body & ga9s a high rank4 ,s>b ?us says3 8,! truly free1 z soon z possible1 dis5gages himself f body3 ,if he _c extricate himself f sk91 let him resign 8 d\blet40 ,b if ! _s be prone to error1 x desc5ds successively f ! human frame to ! animal body3 su* are ! doctr9es ( _! di/+ui%$ m54 ,"s h[ev] ( ?is sect1 9 ^: language all is metaphorical & figurative1 ass]t1 t sometimes ! _s1 ?r\gh excessive wick$ness1 becomes by ins5sible degrees connect$ ) plants & vegetables2 & frequ5tly1 by progressive gradations1 becomes jo9$ to m9]al or metallic sub/ances4 ,accord+ to ?is class ( believ]s1 !re is an uncomp\nd$ s\l 9 ea* ( ! ?ree k+doms ( nature3 & !y ackn[l$ge t e ?+ possesses a ray ( exi/5ce emanat+ f ,%d ,%dan1 or #8,effulg5ce ( ,light4' ,"o ( ! em95t m51 agreeably to ?is view1 has said3 8,! s\l is ! m>r[ ( c]ta9ty1 ! body its envelope3 ,9 ! robes ( _s contemplate ! =m ( a fri5d 7! ,creator74 ,:atev] object be>s ! impress ( exi/5ce1 ,reg>d x z ! reflexion ( light1 or 8 v self40 ,!y also hold t ! _w be>s ! same aff9ity to ! ,creator1 z ! sol> light do? to ! body ( ! sun2 t x has exi/$ f all et]nity & w cont9ue to all inf9ity4 ,!y ma9ta9 t1 :atev] exi/s 9 ?is _w1 or t ( =mation & evanesc5ce1 dep5ds on ! influ5ce ( ! />s2 also t a/ronom]s & a/rolog]s h f\nd out "s few effects ( ! influ5ce ( ! sev5 planets1 b are ignorant ( ! natures & influ5ces ( ! sl[-mov+ or fix$ />s4 ,! possessors ( ,f>dt & ,f>tb1 or ^? :o are direct$ by inspiration & revelation1 h laid d[n t e />1 :e!r fix$ or planet>y1 is reg5t dur+ c]ta9 p]iods ( sev]al ?\s& ye>s3 "o ?\s& ye>s be+ assign$ to ea* />1 )\t ! association ( any o!r3 on ! t]m9ation ( :i*1 9 ! subsequ5t mill5nia1 bo? ! fix$ & planet>y />s are successively associat$ ) xt is1 9 comm5c+ ! s]ies ) a fix$ />1 we call ! fix$ /> :i* is ,"l ( ! ,cycle1 ! ,fir/ ,k+2 on ! t]m9ation ( ! mill5nium appropriat$ to him1 ano!r fix$ /> becomes p>tn] ) ! ,fir/ ,k+1 :i* p>tn] we /yle ,fir/ ,m9i/]3 b ! supremacy & dom9ion ( ! p]iod belong exclusively to ! ,fir/ ,k+3 on ! t]m9ation ( ! second mill5nium1! p]iod ( (fice assign$ to ! ,fir/ ,m9i/] expires1 & ano!r /> is associat$ ) ! ,fir/ ,k+2 & s on1 until ! fix$ />s are all gone ?r\gh3 on :i* ,saturn becomes associat$ ) ! ,fir/ ,k+1 & cont9ues s dur+ a ?\s& ye>s1 & s ) ! o!r planets1 until ! p]iod ( association ) ! moon arrives3 !n t]m9ates ! supremacy ( ! fix$ />1 nam$ ! ,fir/ ,k+1 & 8 au?ority expires4 ,aft] ! ,fir/ ,k+1 ! /> associat$ ) him 9 ! second mill5nium1 & :i* 0 call$ ! ,fir/ ,m9i/]1 n[ atta9s ! supremacy & becomes ,"l ( ! ,cycle1 dur+ :i* cycle ( sov]eignty we /yle him ! ,second ,k+1 ) a ?\s& ye>s appropriat$ to 8 special rule z be=e /at$4 ,9 ! foll[+ mill5nium ano!r fix$ /> becomes 8 associate1 z above m5tion$1 & goes ?r\gh a simil> c\rse4 ,:5 ! p]iod ( ! moon's association arrives1 ! moon rema9s jo9$ ) ! ,second ,k+ dur+ a mill5nium1 on ! completion ( :i*1 t fix$ />1 ! t]m ( ^: sov]eignty has pass$ away1 & :o comm5c$ ! cycle1 "u ! /yle ( ,fir/ ,k+1 is associat$ ) ! ,"l ( ! ,cycle1 /yl$ ! ,second ,k+2 aft] :i*1 ! empire ( ! ,second ,k+'s /> also t]m9ates & becomes transf]r$ to ano!r3 ?us all ! fix$ />s 9 succession become k+s1 until !y are all gone ?r\gh1 on :i* ! pr9cipality & supremacy come to ,%at ,kaivan1 or #8! ,"l ,saturn1' ) :om 9 l mann] ! fix$ />s & planets are associat$ = _! respective mill5nia1:5 ! dom9ion comes to ! ,%at ,mh1 or #8,lun> ,"l1' 8 p]iod is end$ z be=e /at$1 ! cycle complet$1 & "o great circle or revolution has be5 describ$4,on ! expiration ( ?is great p]iod1 ! sov]eignty rev]ts to ! ,fir/ ,k+2 ! /ate ( ! revolv+ _w recomm5ces2 ?is _w ( =mation & evanesc5ce is r5ovat$2 ! human be+s1 animals1 vegetable & m9]al productions :i* exi/$ dur+ ! fir/ cycle1 are re/or$ to _! =m] language1 acts1 dispositions1 species & appe>ance1 ) ! same designations & di/9ctions2 ! successive reg5]ations cont9ually proce$+ on 9 ! same mann]4 ,! pr9ce ( physicians1 ,abu ,al 7^: _s may ,god sanctify67 expresses himself to ?is purport3 8,e =m & image1 :i* seems at pres5t effac$1 ,is securely /or$ up 9 ! treasury ( "t ,:5 ! same position ( ! heav5s aga9 recurs1 ,! ,almighty reproduces ea* f beh9d ! my/]i\s veil40 ,x is "h necess>y to rem>k1 t _! mean+ is n1 t ! id5tical spirits ( ,abad1 ,kaiomors1 ,siymak & ,h%ang %all be imp>t$ to ! id5tical mat]ial bodies long s9ce ab&on$1 or t ! scatt]$ memb]s ( ! body %all be reassembl$ & reunit$3 su* s5tim5ts1 accord+ to !m1 are absurd & extravagant3 _! real belief is ?is1 t =ms simil> to ^? :i* h pass$ away1 & bodies resembl+ ! primitive ones1 _! c\nt]p>t 9 figure1 prop]ty & %ape1 %all appe>1 speak+ & act+ exactly 9 ! same mann]4 ,h[ c\ld ! exalt$ spirits ( ! p]fect1 :i* are unit$ ) angels1 return back8 ,!y also ma9ta9 t m5 d n arise f _! own species1 )\t fa!r or "m3 b !y affirm t1 z a man & woman 7 left at ! comm5cem5t ( ! pa/ cycle1 s !re %all two rema9 9 ! pres5t cycle1 = ! cont9uance ( ! human race4 ,= al?\gh ! heav5s are ! sires ( ! ?ree natural k+doms or productive pr9ciples1 & ! elem5ts _! "m1 yet ?is mu* only has be5 imp>t$ to u1 t man is born ( man1 & is n produc$ aft] any o!r fa%ion4 ,! foll[]s ( ! anci5t fai? call "o revolution ( ! reg5t ,saturn1 a day2 ?irty su* days1 "o mon?2 twelve su* mon?s1 "o ye>2 a million ( su* ye>s1 "o f>d2#bcb a million f>d1 "o v>d2 a million v>d1 "o m>d2 a million m>d1 "o jd2 ?ree ?\s& jd1 "o vd2 & two ?\s& vd1 "o zd4#bcb;,accord+ to ?is mode ( computation1 ! happ9ess & spl5dor ( ! ,mhbdian dyna/y la/$ "o hundr$ zd ( ye>s4 ,!y believe x impossible to asc]ta9 ! comm5cem5t ( human exi/5ce2 & t x is n to be compreh5d$ by human sci5ce3 because !re is no epo* ( id5tical p]sons1 s t x is absolutely impossible to =m any def9ite ideas on ! subject1 :i* resembles an ari?metical inf9ite s]ies4 ,su* a belief also agrees ) ! philosophy & op9ions ( ! ,grecian sages4 ,f ! au?ority ( e/eem$ works1 !y acc\nt ,mhbd ! fir/ ( ! pres5t cycle2 z 9 reality he & 8 wife 7 ! survivors ( ! great p]iod1 & ! b\nte\s ,"l _h be/[$ on !m s imm5se a prog5y1 t f _! numb]s1 ! v clefts ( ! m\nta9s 7 fill$4 ,! au?or ( ! ,amghi/an relates1 t !y 7 acqua9t$ only to a trifl+ degree ) ! vi&s1 dr9ks & clo?+ :i* ?r\gh ! b\nty ( ,god are n[ met )3 besides1 9 t cycle !re exi/$ no organization ( cities1 sy/ems ( policy1 conditions ( supremacy1 rules ( au?ority & p[]1 pr9ciples ( ,nu%d or law1 nor in/ruction 9 sci5ce & philosophy1 until ?r\gh ! aid ( cele/ial grace1 jo9$ to ! manifold favors & b\nties ( ,god1 ! uncontroll$ au?ority ( ,mhbd p]vad$ alike ! cultivat$ region & ! wild wa/e2 ! wide expanse ( l& & sea4 ,?r\gh div9e illum9ation1 9 conjunction ) 8 spiritual nature1 ! assi/ance ( 8 guid+ angel & ! eyes ( disc]nm5t2 & also :at he _h se5 & he>d 9 ! pa/ cycle1 he m$itat$ on ! creation ( ! _w3 he !n cle>ly p]ceiv$ t ! n9e sup]ior divisions1 & ! f\r l[] elem5ts1 ! subjects ( exi/5ce1 are bl5d$ & associat$ ) di/9ct ess5ces & accid5ts1 s z to comb9e toge!r oppos+ movem5ts ) contr>y dispositions & natures3 & t ! aggregate ( ?is :ole indisp5sably requires a supreme be/[] ( connection1 a bl5d] & creator3 also t :atev] ?is be/[] ( relation wills1 & ?is all p]fect 9 wisdom does1 _c be de/itute ( utility & wisdom3 ,mhbd !re=e dispat*$ p]sons to all qu>t]s & regions ( ! _w1 to select f l& & wat] all productions & m$ic9al plants held 9 e/eem = _! v>i\s prop]ties2 ^! he plant$ 9 a prop] site1 s t by ! aid ( ! t]r5e & aque\s p>ticles1 ! influ5ce ( atmosph]ic temp]ature1 9 conjunction ) ! sid]eal en]gies1 _! p[]s ( vegetation1 nutriti\s qualities1 & prop]ties might be asc]ta9$4 ,at ! "t ( promulgat+ ?is excell5t purpose1 ! sov]eign ( ! />ry ho/ ent]$ 9 glory ! mansion ( ,aries2 & ! rapidly-sket*+ pa9t] ( de/9y drew =? ! faces ( ! brides ( ! g>d5s 7blossoms & fl[]s73 !n1 ?r\gh ! efficacy ( comm&1 exp]im5t1 & exam9ation1 ,mhbd extract$ f ! v>i\s fl[]s1 fruits1 leaves & fibres1 ! diff]5t alim5t>y sub/ances1 m$ic9al comp\nds1 vi&s & bev]ages4 ,he next comm&$ all sorts ( ores to be fet*$ f ! m9es & liquifi$ 9 ! furnace1 s t ! diff]5t metals conceal$ 9 !m became visible4 ,out ( iron1 :i* comb9es h>dness & %>pness1 he =m$ w>like weapons = ! brave2 jewels1 gold1 silv]1 rubies1 sapphires1 diamonds1 & *rysoli!s1 9 :i* he obs]v$ smoo?ness & capability ( poli%1 he assign$ z decorations = k+s1 milit>y *iefta9s1 & matrons4 ,he also ord]$ p]sons to desc5d into ! deep wat]s & br+ =? ! %ells1 pe>ls1 corals1 etc4 ,p 7 comm&$ to %e> ! fleece ( %eep & o!r animals3 by him also 7 inv5t$ ! arts ( sp9n+1 weav+1 cutt+ up1 sew+ & clo?+4 ,he next organiz$ cities1 villages1 & /reets2 erect$ palaces & colonnades2 introduc$ trade & comm]ce2 & divid$ mank9d into f\r classes4 ,! fir/ 0 compos$ ( ,hrb$s1 ,mob$s1#bcc ascetics1 & le>n$ m51 select$ = ma9ta9+ ! fai? & en=c+ ! s5t5ce ( ! laws3 ^! are also call$ ,birman & ,birmun2#bcd t is1 !y resemble ! ,b>nan or supreme be+s1 ! exalt$ angels3 !y also /yle !m ,hri/r4#bce ,! second class consi/s ( k+s & intrepid w>riors1 :o devote !mselves to ! c>es ( gov]nm5t & au?ority1 to ! promotion ( equity & ! curb+ ( oppression2 ^? !y call ,*atramn1 ,*atraman1 & ,*atr3#bcf ?is ^w ,*atr means a /&>d or di/9ction2 z p ( high rank h a ,*atra1#bcg or umbrella1 to protect !m ) its %ade1 :i* !y call ,sayah d> & ,sayah ban2 ! p repose "u ! %ade ( ! individuals ( ?is class1 :o are also call$ ,nri/r4#bch ,! ?ird class is compos$ ( husb&m51 cultivators1 artisans1 skilful m51 & me*anics2 ^! are call$ ,bs1#bci :i* is synonym\s ) ,bisyr or num]\s2 z ?is class %\ld f> exce$ 9 numb] all ! o!rs4 ,bs also means cultivation & improvem5t1 results :i* altoge!r dep5d on ?is ord]!y are also /yl$ ,suri/r4#bdj ,! f\r? class are de/9$ = e k9d ( employm5t & s]vice2 !y are call$ ,sdn1 ,sd1 & ,sd3#bda f !m pr(it1 indulg5ce1 & ease accrue to society3 !y are also call$ ,rzi/>4#bdb ,he in/itut$ ^! f\r classes1#bdc ! f\r elem5ts ( society1 & ! s\rces ( organization 7 complet$2 indep5d5ce & want appe>$2 !re 7 produc$ ! gradations ( rul] & subject2 ( "l & s]vant2 discipl9e & au?ority2 ju/ice & k2 k9dness & sev]ity2 protection ( ! ,z9db> or k9d treatm5t ( innoxi\s creatures2 de/ruction ( ! ,tundb> or noxi\s animals2 ! k ( ,god & ! c]emonies ( 8 wor%ip4 ,god also s5t ,abd a code call$ ! ,dastir1#bdd 9 :i* are =m$ all languages & sci5ces4 ,?is "w consi/$ ( sev]al volumes1 conta9+ a c]ta9 numb] = ea* dialect4 ,9 x 0 also ! language call$ ,asmn1 or ! ,cele/ial1 n a trace ( :i* has rema9$ 9 any ( ! languages spok5 by ! inhabitants ( ?is l[] _w4 ,abd also assign$ a language to e nation1 & settl$ ea* 9 a suitable place3 & ?us 7 produc$ ! ,p>si1 ,h9di1 ,greek & su* l4 ,accord+ to ?is sect1 au!ntic revelation is only obta9$ by ! _w ( ec/acy or similitude1 call$ ,mni/n2 b f ! "t ( ,mhbd1 all ! prophets :o 7 s5t 7 9 accordance ) 8 fai?2 n "o ( !m be+ oppos$ to 8 law4 ,aft] ,mhbd1 appe>$ ?irte5 apo/les :o1 ) him1 7 /yl$ ! f\rte5 ,mhbds3 !y 7 call$ by ! common "n ( ,abd1 & act$ on e occasion 9 con=mity to _! ance/or & 8 ,cele/ial ,code3 & :atev] revelation 0 made to !m t5d$ to corroborate ! fai? ( ,mhbd4#bde ,aft] !m1 _! sons 9 due succession obta9$ sov]eign p[]1 aft] _! fa!rs1 & devot$ !mselves to ju/ice4 ,! foll[]s ( ?is sect also believe t all ! prophets & k+s 7 select$ f ! heads ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ families4 ,next to ?is dyna/y1 kn[n z ! ,mahabadian1 comes ,abd ,azd1 :o )drew f temporal p[] & walk$ 9 ! pa? ( devotion & seclusion4 ,x is record$1 t 9 _! "t1 ! realm 0 highly cultivat$2 treasures 7 abundant2 l(ty palaces1 ornam5t$ ) pa9t+s & excit+ admiration2 colonnades attract+ ! he>t2 ! ,mob$s celebrat$1 pr(\ndly le>n$1 wor%ipp]s ( ,god1 undefil$1 equally em95t 9 good words & de$s2 soldi]s1 well-appo9t$ & discipl9$1 ) correspond+ tra9s ( att5dants & (fic]s2 m\nta9-resembl+ elephants2 *>g]s l fragm5ts ( ,alburz1#bdf rapid 9 _! c\rse2 swift-pac$ animals = rid+2 num]\s camels & drom$>ies2 well-tra9$ cavalry & infantry1 & lead]s :o _h exp]i5ce 9 ! _w2 preci\s /uffs2 vases ( gold & silv]2 ?rones & cr[ns ( great price2 he>t-delight+ tape/ries & g>d5s ) o!r su* objects1 ! l ( :i* exi/s n at pres5t1 & 7 n record$ z be+ 9 exi/5ce 9 ! treasures or reigns ( ! ,gil%n mon>*s4 ,h[ev]1 on ! m]e ab&onm5t ( ! cr[n by ,abd ,azd1 e ?+ w5t to ru92 s mu* blood 0 %$ t ! mills 7 turn$ by /reams ( gore2 all t _h be5 accompli%$ by ! inv5tions & discov]ies ( ?is =tunate race 0 =gott52 m5 became l savage & f]oci\s bea/s1 & z 9 =m] times resum$ _! abodes 9 ! m\nta9-clefts & gloomy cav]ns2 ^? sup]ior 9 /r5g? ov]p[]$ & oppress$ ! weak]4 ,at la/ "s ( ! sages em95t = praise-wor?y language & de$s1 & :o possess$ ! volume ( ,mhbd1 assembl$ & w5t into ! pres5ce ( ,jai ,afrm1 ! son ( ,abd1 :o1 next 8 sire 0 ! mo/ undefil$ & intellig5t ( m51 & became "o ( ! great ,apo/les3 he pass$ 8 "t 9 a m\nta9 cave1 f> remov$ f int]c\rse ) ! _w1 & 0 /yl$ ,jai on acc\nt ( 8 purity1 z 9 ! ,abd or ,azr language1 a holy p]son is call$ ,jai3#bdg ! assembl$ sages ) "o voice implor$ 8 ju/ice1 say+3 8,we "k ( no rem$y = pres]v+ ! _w f ru91 except+ ! int]c\rse ( ?y noble nature ) mank9d40 ,!y aft]w>ds recit$ to him ! c\nsels1 te/am5t>y precepts1 traditions & memorials ( ! ,abdn pr9ces on ! great m]it ( ?is und]tak+4 ,he did n h[ev] ass5t1 until a div9e comm& _h rea*$ him1 :5 ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( revelation & ! pres5ce ( ! decree-be>+ angel1 ,gabriel1 he arose & assum$ ! high dignity1 ,! realm once m fl\ri%$1 & ! in/itutes ( ,abd resum$ _! =m] vigor4 ,! la/ ( ! =tunate mon>*s ( ! ,ja dyna/y 0 ,ja ,ald1 :o also retir$ f mank9d2 :5 ! dom9ion _h rema9$ 9 ?is family dur+ "o aspr ( ye>s4 ,x is writt5 9 books ( high au?ority t ,ja ,afrm 0 call$ ! son ( ,abd ,azd1 because next to 8 noble ance/or no individual possess$ su* great p]fections3 b 9 reality _m g5]ations int]v5$ betwe5 !m3 besides1 ,ja ,afrm 0 desc5d$ f ! sons ( ,abd ,azd1 s t !re is a wide int]val betwe5 ,% ,gilv & ,ja ,abd3 9 l mann] betwe5 ,% ,mahbl & ,ysn1 & betwe5 ,ysn & ,gil%h !re mu/ h elaps$ multipli$ & num]\s g5]ations4 ,^? :o w\ld und]/& ! doctr9es ( ?is fai? mu/ "k1 ! process ( num]ation among ?is pr(\ndly-?9k+ sect is z foll[s2 by t5s1 hundr$s & ?\s&s3 "o salm equal to "o hundr$ ?\s&2 "o hundr$ salm1 "o %amr2 "o hundr$ %m>1 "o aspr2 "o hundr$ aspr1 "o rdah2 "o hundr$ rdah1 "o ardah2 a hundr$ ardah1 "o rz2 a hundr$ rz1 "o arz2 & a hundr$ arz1 "o braz4 ,n[ t _! sy/em ( computation has be5 expla9$1 ,i %all proce$ ) _! hi/ory4 ,!y say t :5 8 att5dants f\nd n ! auspici\s mon>* ,ja ,ald1 nei!r among/ 8 c\rti]s1 nor 9 ! royal ap>tm5ts1 or h>em1 nor 9 ! h\se ( praise1 or place ( pray]1 ! affairs ( ! human race fell once m into disord]3 at l5g? ! sages & holy m5 w5t & repres5t$ ! /ate ( affairs to ! praise-wor?y apo/le ,% ,gilv1 son ( ,j ,ald1 :o 0 !n engag$ 9 ! wor%ip ( ! ,almighty4 ,?is pr9ce1 f 8 great devotion & unceas+ adoration r5d]$ to ,god1 0 call$ ,% & ,%y1 t is a god & a ,god-wor%ipp]3 8 sons 7 !re=e /yl$ ,%yin4 ,:5 ! sages _h /at$ ! case1 ! fir/ ,%yn pr9ce1 ,% ,gilv1 hav+ reflect$ on ! cruelty practis$ t[>ds ! animal creation1 arose1 ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( a cele/ial revelation & ,div9e light1 & sat 9 8 illu/ri\s fa!r's ?rone4 ,aft] ?is happy dyna/y came ,% ,mahbl1 :5 ! ,%yn empire _h la/$ "o %amr ( ye>s4 ,aft] ^! came ! ,ysnin1 s call$ f ,ysn1 ! son ( ,% ,mahbl3 ?is pr9ce 0 exce$+ wise1 intellig5t1 holy & celebrat$2 ! apo/le ( ! age3 & be+ 9 e respect wor?y ( supreme p[]1 0 !re=e call$ ,ysn1 or ! m]itori\s & ju/ly exalt$4#bdh ,8 mighty sire hav+ )drawn f mank9d1 retir$ into seclusion1 & !re giv+ himself entirely up to ! wor%ip ( ,god1 ! affairs ( ! human race aga9 relaps$ into disord]4 ,tradition in=ms u1 t :5 ^! auspici\s prophets & _! successors beheld evil to prevail among/ mank9d1 !y inv>iably )drew f among !mz !y c\ld n endure to behold or he> wick$ness2 & s9 _h no admission to _! brea/s4 ,:5 ! *a9 ( worldly repose _h be5 r5t asund]1 ,yasn1 9 ob$i5ce to a ,div9e revelation1 seat$ himself on ! ?rone ( sov]eignty1 & ov]?rew evil4 ,( ?is happy dyna/y ! la/ 0 ,ysn ,ajm1 :5 ?is admirable family _h grac$ ! ?rone dur+ n9ety & n9e salm ( ye>s4 ,! au?or ( ! ,amghi/n says3 8,! ye>s :i* ,i h m5tion$ are f>sls ( ,saturn3 "o revolution ( ! reg5t ,saturn1 :i* is all[$ to be ?irty ye>s1 !y call "o day2 ?irty su* days1 "o mon?2 & twelve su* mon?s1 "o ye>40 ,?is is ! rule obs]v$ by ! ,yezdnin1 :o write d[n ! v>i\s ye>s ( ! sev5 planets aft] ?is mann]3 su* is ! am\nt ( ! saturnian f>sl4 ,?is same sy/em ( computation is appli$ to ! f>sls ( ,m>s1 ,v5us1 ,m]cury & ! moon1 a day ( ea* be+ ! "t ( _! respective revolutions3 !y at ! same "t reta9 ! use ( ! ord9>y lun> & sol> mon?s4 ,x is also to be obs]v$ t1 accord+ to !m1 ! ye> is ( two k9ds2 "o ! f>sl1 :i* is aft] ?is mann]3 :5 ! planet has trav]s$ ! twelve mansions ( ! zodiac1 !y call x "o day2 ?irty su* days1 "o mon?2 & twelve su* mon?s1 "o ye>2 z we h be=e expla9$ "u ,saturn4 ,simil> ye>s con/itute ! f>sls ( ! o!r planets1 :i* !y ?us enum]ate2 ! f>sls ( ,saturn1 ,jupit]1 ,m>s1 ! sun1 ,v5us1 ,m]cury1 & ! moon3 ! mon?s ( ! f>sl !y call f>mh2 ! days ( ! f>mh1 f>rz4 ,! second k9d ( ye>s is1 :5 ,saturn 9 ! p]iod ( ?irty ye>s trav]ses ! twelve mansions1 :i* !y call a saturnian k>sl2 ! k>mh is 8 rema9+ two ye>s & a half 9 ea* mansion1,jupit] describes 8 p]iod 9 twelve common ye>s2 ?is "t !y call ! hormuz k>sl2 & ! hormuz k>mh is 8 rema9+ "o ye> 9 ea* mansion3 & s ) reg>d to ! o!rs4 ,h[ev]1 :5 we speak ( ye>s or mon?s 9 ! acc\nts giv5 ( ! ,gil%yn pr9ces1 sol> & lun> ye>s & mon?s are always meant2 day implies ! ackn[l$g$ day2 & by mon? is meant ! resid5ce ( ! ,great ,light 9 "o ( ! zodiacal mansions2 & by ye>1 8 pass+ ?r\gh ! zodiac2 a lun> mon? is its complete revolution1 & trav]s+ all ! signs1 :i* ye> & mon? are also call$ ,tmr4#bdi ,:5 ,ysn ,zm _h ab&on$ ?is elem5t>y body & pass$ away f ?is abode ( wick$ness1 ! /ate ( mank9d fell into utt] ru91 z 8 son ,gil%h1 :o 0 enlight5$ 9 _s1 intellig5t 9 nature1 adorn$ by good de$s1 feel+ no wi% = sov]eign p[]1 _h giv5 himself s entirely up to ! s]vice ( ,god1 t no "o knew ! retreat ( ?is holy p]sonage4,m5 !re=e1 %utt+ up ! eyes ( social int]c\rse1 ext5d$ ! arm ( oppression aga9/ ea* o!r2 at once ! l(ty battlem5ts & noble edifices 7 levell$ to ! gr\nd2 ! deep fosses fill$ up2 mank9d be+ left de/itute ( a head1 ! bonds ( society 7 brok52 slaught] 0 c>ri$ to su* excess1 t num]\s riv]s fl[$ ) curr5ts ( blood1 /ream+ f ! bodies ( ! sla93 9 a %ort "t n a trace 0 left ( ! c\ntless treasures & ! b\ndless /ores1 ! am\nt ( :i* defi$ ! computations ( imag9ation4 ,matt]s ev5 came to su* an extremity1 t m5 ?rew (f ! in/itutes ( humanity1 & 7 no long] capable ( di/+ui%+ ! relative values ( preci\s /ones1 w>es & commodities3 !y left n a ve/ige rema9+ ( palaces & cities2 b l f]oci\s & savage bea/s1 took up _! dwell+ 9 ! m\nta9 cav]ns4,besides ?is1 !y f\ght aga9/ ea* o!r1 s t ! multitudes ( ! human race 7 r$uc$ to a scanty remnant4 ,on ?is1 ,gil%h#bej ( exalt$ nature1 9 ob$i5ce to a revelation f heav51 & to ! comm& ( ! rul] ( ! univ]se1 became ! sov]eign ( mank9d3 he re/or$ ! in/itutes ( ju/ice1 & reassembl$ ! memb]s ( 8 family1 :o1 dur+ 8 seclusion1 _h totally disp]s$3 on ?is acc\nt he 0 /yl$ ,ab-l-,ba%r1 or 8! ,fa!r ( ! human race10 because ) ! exception ( 8 family1 ! great majority ( ! o!rs hav+ fall5 9 _! mutual conte/s1 ! survivors _h adopt$ ! pursuits & habitudes ( demons & ( wild bea/s3 ,kaiomors1 or ,gil%h1 ) 8 sons1 !n proce$$ to give battle to ! vile race1 & disabl$ _! h&s f inflict+ cruelty on ! h>mless animals3 all t we f9d 9 ,hi/ories ( ,kaiomors1 & 8 sons fight+ aga9/ demons1 ref]s to ?is circum/ance1 & ! sy/ems ( fai? :i* sanction ! slaught] ( animals 7 all inv5t$ by ?is demon-l race4 ,9 %ort1 ! only true ,rul] ( ! _w transmitt$ a cele/ial volume to ,kaiomors1 & also select$ = ! prophetic (fice among 8 illu/ri\s desc5dants1 ,siymak1 ,h%ng1 ,tahmras1 ,jem%d1 ,f>dn1 ,m9u*eh]1 ,kai ,khsr1 ,z>at%t1 ,azr ,ssn ! fir/1 & ,azr ,ssn ! fif?1 enjo9+ !m to walk 9 con=mity ) ! doctr9es ( ,mhbd & ,kaiomors2 s t ! cele/ial volumes :i* he be/[$ on ^? happy pr9ces1 all _! writ+s & records 7 9 p]fect accord ) ! code ( ,mhbd3 ) ! exception ( ,z>at%t1 n "o ( ?is race utt]$ a s+le ^w aga9/ ! book ( ,abad3 & ev5 ,z>at%t's words 71 by ! glosses ( ! ,yezdnins1 made to con=m to ! ,mhbdian code!y !re=e /yle ,z>at%t1 8,wakh%ur-i-,simb>i10 or ! p>able-speak+ prophet4 ,! ,gil%an mon>*s con/itute f\r races2 namely1 ! ,pe%ddan1 ,kainin1 ,a%knin1 & ,ssnn3 ! la/ ( ^! k+s is ,yezdejird1 ! son ( ,%]i>3 ! empire ( ^! auspici\s sov]eigns la/$ six ?\s& & tw5ty-f\r ye>s & five mon?s4#bea ,dur+ _! exi/5ce1 ! _w 0 array$ 9 beauty3 ,kaiomors1#beb ,siyamak1#bec ,h%ang1#bed nam$ ! ,p%ddin1 ,tahmras1#bee surnam$ ! ,enslav] ( ,demons1 & ,jem%id1#bef ?r\gh cele/ial revelations1 ,div9e assi/ance1 ! in/ruction ( ,almighty ,god1 un]r+ prud5ce1 & j views1 hav+ foll[$ 9 all ?+s :at we h record$ conc]n+ ,mhbd & 8 illu/ri\s *ildr51 introduc$ ! rules ( ,div9e wor%ip1 ! k ( ,god1 virtu\s de$s1 purity ( conduct1 modes ( diet1 clo?+1 ! rites ( m>riage1 ! obs]vance ( cont95ce1 ) all k9ds ( sci5ce1 lett]s1 books1 pr(essions1 solemn fe/ivals1 banquets1 w9d & /r+$ musical in/rum5ts1 cities1 g>d5s1 palaces1 ornam5ts1 arms1 gradations ( (fice1 ! di/9ctions ( ! two sexes ) respect to exposure & privacy1 ! diffusion ( equity1 ju/ice1 & all t 0 praisewor?y4 ,aft] ^!1 ! ,gil%iyn rul$1 ?r\gh div9e inspiration & ! communication ( ! ,almighty add$ to _! intellig5ce1 s t ! great] "p ( ! spl5dor1 pomp1 & beauty we n[ behold 9 ! _w is to be attribut$ to ?is happy race3 _m h[ev] ( ! excell5t in/itutions ( ?is happy dyna/y h fall5 into disuse & a few only rema94 ,! foll[+ is ! sum ( ! ,sipsin cre$3 f ! comm5cem5t ( ,mhbd's empire to ! end ( ,yezdejird's reign1 ! great majority1 nay all ! individuals ( ?is *os5 race1 ) ! exception ( ,zokah1#beg 7 models ( equity1 *>act]iz$ by ju/ice & piety1 p]fect 9 words & de$s4 ,9 ?is holy family1 "s 7 prophets1 all 7 sa9ts1 righte\s & ,god-fe>+ p]sons1 ) realms & armies ma9ta9$ 9 ! highe/ ord]4 ,!y also ackn[l$ge ! apo/les & pr9ces prior to ,gil%h1 f ,mhbd to ,ysn ,ajm1 z s em95tly pi\s1 t 9 no degree :atev] did wick$ness ent] into _! conv]sation or actions3 nor did !y at any "t deviate f ! ,paymn-i-,f>hang1 or 8,excell5t ,cov5ant10 :i* is ! code ( ,mhbd1 nor omit ! p]=mance ( any duty2 !y also held t ! />s are exce$+ly exalt$1 & con/itute ! ,kiblah#beh ( ! inhabitants ( ?is l[] _w4 ,9 ! "t ( ,dwir ,hryr 7! au?or ( ,d>a ,sek&]71 :o 0 ( ! ,kanian race & a foll[] ( ! ,yezdanian fai?1 "s "o said3 8,! prophets & fai? are high] 9 dignity ?an ! sun40 ,dawir repli$3 8,:]e are n[ ! =ms & bodies ( t description ( m580 ,on :i* t p]son hav+ /at$ ! names ( ! cities & burial places ( ! prophets1 ,dawir rejo9$3 8,dur+ _! :ole lifetime1 ! =m ( no prophet or sa9t ev] emitt$ light1 ev5 ! di/ance ( "o day's j\rney1 & s9ce !y h be5 committ$ to ! e>?1 n a s+le ray has be5 %$ f _! graves3 & !y are n[ s bl5d$ ) ! du/ t n a trace ( !m is left60 ,! p]son !n said3 8! spirits ( ! prophets & sa9ts are exce$+ly respl5d5t40 ,dawir retort$3 8,behold :at am\nt ( light is diffus$ by ! sol> globe6 :]eas ! bodies ( y\r sa9ts are de/itute ( spl5dor2 !re=e re/ assur$ t 8 _s is m respl5d5t ?an !irs4,"k besides1 t ! sun is ! he>t ( ! heav5s3 if he exi/$ n1 ?is _w ( =mation & dissolution c\ld n cont9ue3 he br+s =? ! seasons & ! productive en]gies ( nature2 moreov]1 ! prophets 7 n 9 ! beg9n+1 nor are !y 9 exi/5ce n[3 b ! _w endures1 ! seasons rejoice1 & ! p are gladd5$3 ?is mu* h[ev] may be conc$$1 t ! prophets & sa9ts are m exalt$ ?an ! rema9d] ( ! human race40,on he>+ ?is1 t p]son 0 sil5c$4 ,la/ly1 x is /at$ 9 ! ,akht>i/n1 t ! ,sipsn t5ets 71 t ! />s & ! heav5s are ! %ad[s ( ! incorporeal effulg5ces2 on ?is acc\nt !y erect$ ! temples ( ! sev5 planets1 & _h talismans =m$ ( metal or /one1 suitable to ea* />3 all :i* talismans 7 plac$ 9 _! prop] abode1 "u a suitable aspect3 !y also set ap>t a portion ( "t = _! wor%ip & h&$ d[n ! mode ( s]v+ !m4 ,:5 !y p]=m$ ! rites to ^! holy /atues1 !y burn$ be=e !m ! suitable inc5se at ! appo9t$ season1 & held _! p[] 9 high v5]ation4 ,_! temples 7 call$ ,paik>i/an1 or 8image-temples10 & ,%idi/n1 or 8! abodes ( ! =ms ( ! lum9\s bodies40 ,,description ,,( ,,! ,,wor%ip ,,r5d]$ ,,to ,,! ,,sev5 ,,planets ,,accord+ ,,to ,,! ,,sipasian ,,fai?4,x is /at$ 9 ! ,akht>i/n1 t ! image ( ! reg5t ,saturn 0 cut out ( black /one1 9 a human %ape1 ) an ape-l head2 8 body l a man's1 ) a hog's tail1 & a cr[n on 8 head2 9 ! "r h& a sieve2 9 ! left a s]p5t4 ,8 temple 0 also ( black /one1 & 8 (ficiat+ m9i/]s 7 negroes1 ,abyss9ians & p]sons ( black complexions3 !y wore blue g>m5ts1 & on _! f+]s r+s ( iron3 !y (f]$ up /orax & su* l p]fumes1 & g5]ally dress$ & (f]$ up pung5t vi&s2 !y adm9i/]$ myrobalam1 also simil> gums & drugs4 ,villag]s & husb&m5 :o _h left _! abodes1 nobles1 doctors1 an*orites1 ma!maticians1 en*ant]s1 soo?say]s & p]sons ( t description liv$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ?is temple1 :]e ^! sci5ces 7 taught1 & _! ma9t5ance all[$ !m3 !y fir/ paid adoration 9 ! temple & aft]w>ds wait$ on ! k+4 ,all p]sons rank$ among ! s]vants ( ! reg5t ,saturn 7 pres5t$ to ! k+ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! *iefs & (fic]s ( ?is temple1 :o 7 always select$ f ! greate/ families 9 ,iran4 ,! words ,%at & ,tms> are appellations ( honor1 signify+ dignity1 j z ,sri 9 ,h9di1 & ,hazrat 9 ,arabic4 ,! image ( ! reg5t ,hormuzd 7,jupit]7 0 ( an e>?y color1 9 ! %ape ( a man1 ) a vulture's#bei face3 on 8 head a cr[n1 on :i* 7 ! faces ( a cock & a dragon2 9 ! "r h& a turban2 9 ! left a cry/al ew]4 ,! m9i/]s ( ?is temple 7 ( a t]r5e hue1 dress$ 9 yell[ & :ite2 !y wore r+s ( silv] & signets ( cornelian2 ! inc5se consi/$ ( laurel-b]ries & su* l2 ! vi&s prep>$ by !m 7 sweet4 ,le>n$ m51 judges1 imans1 em95t vizirs1 di/+ui%$ m51 nobles1 magi/rates & scribes dwelt 9 ! /reet atta*$ to ?is temple1 :]e !y devot$ !mselves to _! peculi> pursuits1 b pr9cipally giv+ !mselves up to ! sci5ce ( !ology4 ,! temple ( ! reg5t ,bahram#bfj 7,m>s7 & 8 image 7 ( r$ /one3 he 0 repres5t$ 9 a human =m1 we>+ on 8 head a r$ cr[n3 8 "r h& 0 ( ! same color & hang+ d[n2 8 left1 yell[ & rais$ up3 9 ! "r 0 a blood-/a9$ sword1 & an iron v]ge 9 ! left4 ,! m9i/]s ( ?is temple 7 dress$ 9 r$ g>m5ts2 8 att5dants 7 ,turks ) r+s ( copp] on _! h&s2 ! fumigations made be=e him consi/$ ( s&>a*a & su* l2 ! vi&s us$ "h 7 bitt]4 ,pr9ces1 *ampions1 soldi]s1 milit>y m51 & ,turks dwelt 9 8 /reet4 ,p]sons ( ?is description1 ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ! directors ( ! temple1 7 admitt$ to ! k+'s pres5ce4 ,! be/[]s ( *>ity dwelt 9 ! vic9ity ( ?is temple2 capital puni%m5ts 7 "h inflict$1 & ! prison = crim9als 0 also 9 t /reet4 ,! image ( ! _w-enlight5+ sol> reg5t 0 ! l>ge/ ( ! idols2 8 dome 0 built ( gold-plat$ bricks3 ! int]ior inlaid ) rubies1 diamonds1 cornelian & su* l4 ,! image ( ! ,great ,light 0 =m$ ( burni%$ gold1 9 ! lik5ess ( a man ) two heads1 on ea* ( :i* 0 a preci\s cr[n set ) rubies2 & 9 ea* diadem 7 sev5 srn or peaks4 ,he 0 seat$ on a p[]ful /e$2 8 face resembl+ t ( a man1 b he _h a dragon's tail2 9 ! "r h& a rod ( gold1 a coll> ( diamonds ar\nd 8 neck4 ,! m9i/]s ( ?is temple 7 dress$ 9 yell[ robes ( gold tissue1 & a girdle set ) rubies1 diamonds1 & o!r sol> /ones3 ! fumigations consi/$ ( s&al wood & su* l3 !y g5]ally s]v$ up acid vi&s4 ,9 8 qu>t] 7 ! families ( k+s & emp]ors1 *iefs1 m5 ( might1 nobles1 *iefta9s1 gov]nors1 rul]s ( c\ntries1 & m5 ( sci5ce3 visitors ( ?is description 7 introduc$ to ! k+ by ! *iefs ( ! temple4 ,! ext]ior ( ,nahid's#bfa 7,v5us7 temple 0 ( :ite m>ble & ! int]ior ( cry/al3 ! =m ( ! idol 0 t ( a r$ man1 we>+ a sev5-peak$ cr[n on ! head3 9 ! "r h& a flask ( oil1 & 9 ! left a comb3 be=e him 0 burnt saffron & su* l2 8 m9i/]s 7 clad 9 :ite1 f9e robes1 & wore pe>l-/udd$ cr[ns1 & diamond r+s on _! f+]s4 ,m5 7 n p]mitt$ to ent] ?is temple at night4 ,matrons & _! daught]s p]=m$ ! necess>y (fices & s]vice1 except on ! night ( ! k+'s go+ !re1 z !n no females approa*$1 b m5 only _h access to x4 ,"h ! m9i/]+ att5dants s]v$ up ri* vi&s4 ,ladies ( ! highe/ rank1 practis+ au/]ities1 wor%ipp]s ( ,god1 belong+ to ! place or :o came f a di/ance1 goldsmi?s1 pa9t]s & musicians dwelt ar\nd ?is temple1 ?r\gh ! *iefs & directors ( :i* !y 7 pres5t$ to ! k+3 b ! wom5 & ladies ( rank 7 introduc$ to ! que5 by ! female directresses ( ! temple4 ,! dome & image ( ! reg5t ,tir#bfb 7,m]cury7 0 ( blue /one2 8 body t ( a fi%1 ) a bo>'s face3 "o arm black1 ! o!r :ite2 on 8 head a cr[n3 he _h a tail l t ( a fi%2 9 8 "r h& a p51 & 9 ! left an inkhorn4 ,! sub/ances burnt 9 ?is temple 7 gum ma/ic & ! l4 ,8 m9i/]s 7 clad 9 blue1 we>+ on _! f+]s r+s ( gold4 ,at _! fea/s !y s]v$ up acidul\s vi&s4 ,vizirs1 philosoph]s1 a/rolog]s1 physicians1 f>ri]s1 acc\ntants1 rev5ue-collectors1 m9i/]s1 secret>ies1 m]*ants1 ar*itects1 tailors1 f9e writ]s & su* l1 7 /ation$ !re1 & ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ! directors ( ! temple1 _h access to ! k+3 ! k requisite = su* sci5ces & pursuits 0 also communicat$ !re4 ,! temple ( ! reg5t ,mah 7! moon7 0 ( a gre5 /one2 8 image t ( a man seat$ on a :ite ox3 on 8 head a diadem 9 ! front ( :i* 7 ?ree peaks3 on ! h&s 7 bracelets1 & a coll> ar\nd ! neck4 ,9 8 "r h& an amulet ( rubies1 & 9 ! left a bran* ( sweet basil3 8 m9i/]s 7 clad 9 gre5 & :ite1 & wore r+s ( silv]4 ,! sub/ances burnt be=e ?is image 7 gum arabic & su* l drugs4 ,8 att5dants s]v$ up salt$ vi&s4 ,spies1 ambassadors1 c\ri]s1 news-report]s1 voyag]s1 & ! g5]ality ( travell]s1 & su* l p]sons resid$ 9 8 /reet1 & 7 pres5t$ to ! k+ ?r\gh ! directors ( ! temple4 ,besides ! peculi> m9i/]s & att5dants1 !re 7 atta*$ to ea* temple sev]al royal commission]s & (fic]s1 engag$ 9 ! execution ( ! k+'s ord]s2 & 9 su* matt]s z 7 connect$ ) ! image 9 t temple4 ,9 ! ,khuri/> or 8refectory ( ea* temple10 ! bo>d 0 spread ! :ole day ) v>i\s k9ds ( vi&s & bev]ages always ready4 ,no "o 0 repuls$1 s t :oev] *ose p>took ( !m4 ,9 l mann]1 9 ! qu>t] adjac5t to ea* temple1 0 an hospital1 :]e ! sick "u ! idol's protection 7 att5d$ by ! physician ( t hospital4 ,?us !re 7 also places provid$ = travell]s1 :o on _! arrival 9 ! city repair$ to ! qu>t] appropriat$ to ! temple to :i* !y belong$4#bfc ,x is to be obs]v$1 t al?\gh ! planets are simple bodies ( a sph]ical =m1 yet ! reason :y ! above-m5tion$ images h be5 ?us =m$1 is t ! planet>y spirits h appe>$ 9 ! _w ( imag9ation to c]ta9 prophets1 sa9ts1 & holy sages "u su* =ms2 & "u :i* !y are also connect$ ) c]ta9 influ5ces2 & z !y h appe>$ "u =ms diff]5t f ^! to o!r p]sons1 _! images h also be5 made aft] t fa%ion4 ,:5 ! great k+1 8 nobles1 ret9ue & ! o!r ,yezdanian w5t to ! temple ( ,saturn1 !y 7 array$ 9 robes ( blue & black hues2 express$ !mselves ) humility1 mov+ ) a sl[ pace1 _! h&s fold$ on ! brea/4 ,9 ! temple ( ,hormuzd 7,jupit]71 !y 7 dress$ 9 8 colors1 z le>n$ m5 & judges4 ,9 t ( ,bahram 7,m>s7 !y 7 clad 9 ! robes peculi> to him1 & express$ !mselves 9 an arrogant mann]b 9 ! temple ( ! ,sun1 9 language suitable to k+s & holy p]sons2 9 t ( ,v5us1 !y appe>$ *e]ful & smil+2 9 ! temple ( ,m]cury !y spoke aft] ! mann] ( sages & orators2 & 9 ! moon's1 l "y *ildr5 & inf]ior (fic]s4 ,9 e private h\se !re 7 besides images ( ! />s1 a m9ute description ( :i* is giv5 9 ! ,akht>i/an4 ,!y _h also1 9 e temple1 ! sph]ical or true =ms ( ! sev]al planets4 ,!re 0 a city call$ ! royal abode or s>1 fac+ :i* 7 sev5 temples4 ,on ea* day ( ! week1 9 ! dress appropriat$ to ea* planet1 ! k+ exhibit$ himself f an elevat$ tabs> or w9d[1 front+ ! temple ( ! planet1 :il/ ! p1 9 due ord] & arrangem5t1 (f]$ up _! pray]s4 ,= example1 on ,sunday or ,yak%ambah1 he %ew$ himself clad 9 a yell[ kab or tunic ( gold tissue1 we>+ a cr[n ( ! same metal1 set ) rubies & diamonds1 cov]$ ) _m ornam5ts ( gold f ! tabs>1 ! circumf]5ce ( :i* 0 emboss$ ) simil> /ones3 "u ?is w9d[1 ! sev]al ranks ( ! milit>y 7 drawn out 9 due gradation1 until ! la/ l9e took po/ 9 ! ka%dzr or ample area1 9 :i* 7 po/$ soldi]s ( ! l[e/ ord]4 ,:5 ! k+ issu$ =?1 l ! sun1 f ! ori5t ( ! tabs>1 all ! p pro/rat$ !mselves 9 adoration1 & ! mon>* devot$ himself to ! conc]ns ( mank9d4 ,! ,tbsr is a place ( obs]vation 9 a l(ty pavilion1 :i* ! pr9ces ( ,h9du/an call a jahrokah or lattice w9d[3 on ! o!r days1 ! k+ appe>$ ) simil> brilliancy f ! o!r ,tbsrs4 ,9 l mann] ! k+1 on _! great fe/ivals1 w5t 9 *oice g>m5ts to ! temples ( ! sev]al images3 & on 8 return seat$ himself 9 ! ,tbsr1 fac+ ! image ( ! planet1 or1 hav+ gone to ! ,rzi/n or ,ddi/n1 devot$ himself to ! affairs ( /ate4 ,?is ,rozi/an 0 a place :i* _h no tbsr1 :]e ! k+ seat$ himself on ! ?rone1 8 m9i/]s /&+ ar\nd 9 due gradation4,! ,ddi/n 0 ! hall ( ju/ice1 :]e1 :5 ! k+ 0 seat$1 no "o 0 prev5t$ f hav+ access to him3 s t ! k+ fir/ came to ! ,tbsr1 !n to ! rzi/n1 & la/ly to ! ,ddi/n4 ,also on :atev] day a planet mov$ out ( "o cele/ial h\se to ano!r1 & on all great fe/ival days1 ! k+ w5t to ! temple appropriate to ! occasion4 ,ea* ( ! planet>y =ms _h also its peculi> ,tbsr1 9 ! same mann] z we h be=e /at$ conc]n+ ! royal ,tbsr2 & on a happy day1 or fe/ival1 !y br\ght ! image to its ,tbsr1 ,! k+ w5t fir/ & (f]$ up pray]1 /&+ 9 ! ,tbsr ( ! image1 ! nobles plac$ ar\nd accord+ to _! gradations1 :il/ ! p 7 assembl$ 9 great multitudes 9 ! ,ka%dzr1 (f]+ up pray]s to ! planet4 ,accord+ to :at is /at$ 9 ! ,tmsr ,dastir1#bfd t is1 9 ! 8,v5]able ,destir10 ! ,almighty ,creator has s =m$ ! cele/ial bodies1 t f _! motions !re result c]ta9 effects 9 ?is l[] _w1 &1 )\t d\bt1 all ev5ts "h dep5d on ! movem5ts ( ^! elevat$ bodies2 s t e /> has relation to "s ev5t1 & e mansion possesses its peculi> nature3 nay1 e degree ( ea* sign is endu$ ) a di/9ct influ5ce3 !re=e ! prophets ( ! ,"l1 9 con=mity to 8 ord]s1 & by great exp]i5ce1 h asc]ta9$ ! prop]ties inh]5t 9 ! degrees ( ea* cele/ial mansion1 & ! influ5ces ( ! />s4 ,x is c]ta9 t :5ev] ! ag5t does n agree ) ! passive1 ! result ( ! affair w n be =tunate2 consequ5tly1 :5 ! prophets & sages desir$ t ! ag5cy ( ! planet %\ld be manife/$ advantage\sly 9 ! _w1 !y c>efully not$ ! mom5t ( ! />'s ent]+ ! degree mo/ suitable to ! desir$ ev5t3 & also to h at a di/ance f t po9t1 :atev] />s 7 unfavorable to ! issue4 ,:5 all _h be5 ?us arrang$1 :atev] 0 connect$ ) ! productive cause 0 !n complet$3 !y !n br+ toge!r :atev] is connect$ ) causation 9 ! l[] _w3 ?us all ! vi&s1 p]fumes1 colors1 =ms1 & all ?+s relat+ to ! />1 be+ associat$1 !y ent] on ! und]tak+ ) firm fai? & sure reliance3 & :]eas ! spirits possess complete influ5ce ov] ! ev5ts :i* occur 9 ! l[] _w1 :5 !re=e ! cele/ial1 t]re/rial1 corporeal & spiritual causes are all unit$1 ! bus9ess is !n accompli%$4 ,b :osoev] desires to be ma/] ( ^! p[]s1 mu/ be well skill$ 9 metaphysics2 9 ! secrets ( nature2 & hav+ 8 m9d well /or$ ) ! k ( ! planet>y influ5ces1 & r5d]$ intellig5t by mu* exp]i5ce4 ,z ! union ( su* qualifications is r>ely or nev] f\nd1 ! tru? ( ?is sci5ce is consequ5tly hidd5 f m54 ,! ,abadin moreov] say1 t ! prophets ( ! e>ly fai?1 or ! k+s ( ,f>si/n & ! ,yezdnin1 held ! />s to be ! ,kiblah ( pray]1 & always paid !m adoration1 especially :5 a /> 0 9 its own h\se or 9 its asc5dant1 free f evil aspects2 !y !n collect$ :atev] bore relation to t planet1 & engag$ 9 wor%ip1 seat+ !mselves 9 a suitable place1 & suff]+ no "o to come ne> !m3 !y practis$ au/]ities2 & on ! completion ( _! und]tak+1 exhibit$ k9dness to ! animal creation4 ,9 ! ye> #ajfa ( ! ,hegira 7,a4 ,d4 #afea7 ! au?or1 !n 9 ,sikakul ( ,kalang1#bfe 0 attack$ by a disease :i* no application c\ld alleviate4 ,an a/rolog] pron\nc$1 t 8! cause ( ?is malady arises f ! ov]p[]+ =ce ( ! reg5t ,m>s20 on :i*1 sev]al di/+ui%$ ,brahm9s assembl$ on ! f\r? ( ,zkdah 7! #i? ,octob]7 ! same ye>1 & hav+ set out ! image ( ,bahrm & collect$ ! suitable p]fumes1 ) all o!r ?+s fit = ! op]ation1 employ$ !mselves 9 read+ pray]s & recit+ names2 at la/1 _! *ief1 tak+ up ) great rev]5ce ! image ( ,m>s1 ?us entreat$3 8,o illu/ri\s angel & cele/ial lead]6 mod]ate ?y heat1 & be n wra?ful3 b be m]ciful to su* a "o0 7po9t+ to me74 ,he !n plung$ ! image into p]fum$ wat]2 imm$iately on ! imm]sion ( ! image1 ! pa9 0 remov$4 ,9 front ( ea* temple 0 a l>ge fire-temple1 s t !re 7 sev5 9 all3 namely1 ! ,kaiwan-z>1 ,hormuz-z>1 ,bahrm-z>1 ,hr-z>1 ,nahd-z>1 ,tr-z>1 & ,mh-z>1 s t ea* fire-temple 0 d$icat$ to "o ( ! sev5 planets1 & 9 ^! !y burnt ! prop] p]fumes4 ,!y ass]t t1 dur+ ! fl\ri%+ empire ( ! e>ly mon>*s1 sev]al sacr$ /ructures1 su* z ^? ( ! ,kbah & ! holy temple ( ,mecca2#bff ,j]usalem2 ! burial-place ( ,muhamm$2 ! asylum ( prophecy1 9 ,m$9a2 ! place ( repose ( ,al1#bfg ! pr9ce ( ! fai?ful 9 ,najf2 ! sepul*re ( ,imam ,husa9 9 ,k]bela2#bfh ! tomb ( ,imam ,musa#bfi 9 ,baghdad2#bgj ! mausoleum ( ,imam ,reza#bga 9 ,sanbd ( ,ts2 & ! sanctu>y ( ,al 9 ,balkh1#bgb 7 all 9 =m] times idol & fire-temples4 ,!y say t ,mahabad aft] hav+ built a fire temple1 call$ ,haftsr or sev5 ramp>ts1 9 ,i/akh> ( ,p]sia1#bgc erect$ a h\se to :i* he gave ! "n ( ,abd1 & :i* is at pres5t call$ ! ,kbah3 & :i* ! inhabitants ( t c\ntry 7 comm&$ to hold 9 rev]5ce3 among ! images ( ! ,kbah 0 "o ( ! moon1 exce$+ly beautiful1 :]e=e ! temple 0 call$ ,mhgh 7,moon's place7 :i* ! ,arabs g5]ally *ang$ into ,mekka4 ,!y also say t among ! images & /atues left 9 ! ,kbah by ,mahabad & 8 r5[n$ successors1 "o is ! black /one1#bgd ! emblem ( ,saturn4 ,!y also say t ! prophet ( ,arabia wor%ipp$ ! sev5 planets1 & he !re=e left undi/urb$ ! black /one or ,saturn's emblem1 :i* _h rema9$ s9ce ! "t ( ! ,abadian dyna/y2 b t he broke or c>ri$ away ! o!r figures introduc$ by ! ,korei%1 & :i* 7 n =m$ accord+ to ! images ( ! />s4 ,9 mo/ ( ! anci5t temples ( ,p]sia !y _h =m$ ! symbol ( ,v5us 9 ! figure ( a ,mihrab1 or ar*1 l ! alt> ( ! mosques3 consequ5tly ! pres5t ,mihrab1 or alt>1 is t id5tical symbol3 :i* ass]tion is also prov$ by ! respect paid to ,friday or ! day ( ,v5us4 ,ibrahim 7,abraham71 ! fri5d ( ,god1 pursu$ ! same conduct2 t is1 he reject$ ! idols :i* 7 n ( ! planet>y =ms3 & ! rev]5ce paid by him to ! black /one1 accord+ to anci5t tradition1 seems to prove t po9t4 ,isf5di>1 ! son ( k+ ,gu%tasp#bge con=m$ also to ?is practice2 nay ,socrates ! ,sage1 9 l mann]1 =bad ! p to wor%ip any o!r =ms except ^? ( ! planets1 & comm&$ ! /atues ( ! k+s to be remov$4 ,moreov]1 ! holy temple ( ,j]usalem1 or ,kundzh-hhkt#bgf 0 erect$ by ,zohak1 & ,f>idun#bgg k9dl$ 9 x ! holy fire4 ,b long be=e ,zohak's "t1 !re 7 sev]al idol & fire temples 9 t place4 ,9 ! same mann]1 !y say1 t :5 ,f>idoon turn$ 8 att5tion to ! ov]?r[ ( ,zohak1 dur+ 8 j\rney 8 bre?r5 hav+ hurl$ a rock at him1 ?is rev]$ pr9ce1 :o 0 skill$ & mighty 9 all ! extraord9>y sci5ces1 manife/$ a wond]\s de$3 he pray$ to ! ,almighty t x might rema9 susp5d$ 9 ! air1 s t ! /one ev5 to ?is day is kn[n z ,kds ,khall4 ,!y also say t 9 ,m$9a1#bgh ! burial place ( ! prophet1 !re 0 =m]ly an image ( ! moon3 ! temple 9 :i* x 01 !y call$ ,mahdnah1 or ! 8,moon ( ,religion10 z religion is ! moon ( tru?1 f :i* ! ,arabs =m$ ,m$9ah4 ,!y 9 l mann] relate1 t 9 ! mo/ noble ,najf1 :]e n[ is ! %r9e ( ,al1 ! pr9ce ( ! fai?ful1 !re 0 =m]ly a fire-temple call$ ,f>gh pri 7! decoration ( spl5dor71 & also 8,nakaf10 or ,na akaft 7no injury71 :i* is at pres5t d5om9at$ ,najf4 ,also at ,k>bal1 ! place :]e ! ,imam ,husa9 reposes1 !re 0 =m]ly a fire-temple call$ ,mahyrsur ilm#bgi & ,k> bala 7sublime ag5cy71 at pres5t call$ ,k>bela4 ,also 9 ,baghdad1 :]e ! ,imam ,musa reposes1 0 a fire-temple call$ ,%et ,piryi 7decoration73 & 9 ! place :]e re/ ! rema9s ( ! great ,imam ,abu ,hanifah1 ( ,kufah1 0 a temple call$ ,hry> 7sun's fri5d73 also 9 ,kufah1 on ! site ( ! mosque1 0 a fire-temple call$ ,roz-,az> 7! day ( fire73 & 9 ! region ( ,ts1 on ! site ( ,imam ,resa's %r9e1 0 a fire-temple call$ ,az> ,khirad 7! fire ( intellect7x 0 also kn[n by _m o!r appellations1 & owes its erection to ,f>idn4,also :5 ,ts1 ! son ( ,nz>1#bhj came to visit ,az>-i-,khirad1 he laid ne> x ! f\ndation ( a city :i* 0 call$ aft] 8 "n4#bha;,9 ,balkh1 :]e is n[ ! sanctu>y ( ! ,imam1 =m]ly /ood a temple call$ ,mah9 ,az> 7great fire71 n[ kn[n "u ! "n ( ,nbahr4 ,9 ,ardebil1#bhb ! anci5t ,dizh-i-,bahman#bhc 7,bahman's =t71 ,kai ,khosr1 on r$uc+ ! citadel1 con/ruct$ !re a fire-temple call$ ,az>i-,ku1#bhd :i* n[ s]ves z ! burial place ( ! %aikh ,sufi ,ud-,d91 ! ance/or ( ! ,safavean pr9ces3#bhe !y also ass]t t !re 7 fire-temples 9 sev]al p>ts ( ,india3 z 9 ,dw>aka1#bhf 0 ! temple ( ,saturn1 call$ ,dizh-i-,kaivan 7,saturn's =t71 :i* ! ,h9doos turn$ into ,dw>aka3 & 9 ,gya also 0 an idol temple1 call$ ,gah-i-,kaivan1 or 8,saturn's resid5ce10 :i* 0 turn$ into ,gya4#bhg;,9 ,mahtra also 0 an idol temple ( ,saturn1 ! "n ( :i* 0 ,mahet>1 t is ! *iefs or mahet> resort$ ?i!r2 :i* ^w by degrees became ,mahtra4#bhh;,9 l mann] sev]al places among ! ,*ri/ians & o!r nations bore names :i* %[ !m to h be5 idol-temples4 ,:5 ! ,abadian come to su* places1 !y visit !m ) ! accu/om$ rev]5ce1 z1 accord+ to !m holy places are nev] liable to abom9ation or pollution1 z !y /ill rema9 places ( wor%ip & adoration3 bo? fri5ds & foes reg>d+ !m z a ,kiblah1 & s9n]s1 not)/&+ all _! p]v]s5ess1 pray 9 ^? sacr$ edifices4 ,rai ,gp ,na?#bhi ?us expresses himself3 ,o ,%aikh6 behold ! dignity ( my idol-h\se2 ,ev5 :5 de/roy$1 x rema9s ! h\se ( ,god6 ,!re is n on record a s+le ^w repugnant to reason f ! "t ( ,mahabad to t ( ,yasan ,ajam2 & if !y h rec\rse to allegory1 !y !n express its figurative nature4 ,f ^! pr9ces to ! ,gil%aiyan !re are _m figurative expressions1 all ( :i* !y int]pret4 ,= example1 !y say t ! tradition ( ,siamak be+ sla9 by ! h& ( a demon implies1 t 9 successive battles1 ?r\gh ignorance ( himself & ,god1 he unwitt+ly de/roy$ ?is elem5t>y body2 ?us1 :]ev]1 9 ! language ( ?is sect1 m5tion is made ( a demon1 !y always und]/& a man ( t description1 z has be5 expla9$ 9 ! ,paiman-i-f]hang1 or 8,excell5t ,code40 ,!y also ma9ta9 t1 9 "s passages1 ! r5d]+ ! demons ob$i5t1 & slay+ !m1 is a figurative mode ( express+ a victory ga9$ ov] ! pleasures ( s5se1 & ! extirpation ( evil prop5sities3 9 l mann]1 :atev] is relat$ ab\t ! appe>ance ( angels to virtu\s & holy p]sons1 is ! revelation & vision ( good spirits1 :il/ 9 a /ate ( sleep1 transport1 recov]y f excess1 or ab/raction f ! body2 :i* /ates are truly expla9$ 9 ?is "w4 ,!y say t ,zohak's two s]p5ts1 d-m>1 & t5 fires 7vices7 or deh ak1 imply irascibility & s5suality3 ! devil1 8 c>nal s\l1 & 9 "s places 8 disposition! two pieces ( fle% :i* broke out on ,zohak's %\ld]s 9 consequ5ce ( 8 evil de$s1 appe>$ to ! human race l s]p5ts1 ! pa9 caus$ by :i* c\ld only be alleviat$ by ! application ( human bra9s4 ,!y also say t ! celebrat$ ,simrgh#bij 7griff97 0 a sage1 :o _h retir$ f ! _w & tak5 up 8 peaceful abode 9 ! m\nta9s3 he 0 !re=e call$ by ?is "n1 & 0 ! in/ructor ( ,da/an1 ! son ( ,sm2 s t ,zl1 ?r\gh 8 in/ruction1 atta9$ ! k ( ! occult sci5ces4 ,z to ! curr5t tradition ab\t ,kai-,ku attempt+ to asc5d to ,heav51 & 8 d[nfall1 ?is occurr$1 accord+ to !m1 dur+ 8 sleep1 & n :5 he 0 awake4 ,kai ,ni%n1 8 bro!r1 :o _h retir$ f all int]c\rse ) mank9d1 ?us int]prets ! adv5ture ( ,ku3 8,! f\r eagles are ! f\r elem5ts2 ! ?rone1 ! pr$om9at+ passions2 ! lance1 _! en]gy & impetuosity 9 ! desire ( s5sual gratifications2 ! ?ighs ( fle%1 _! v>i\s pursuits ( ang]1 passion1 lu/1 & envy2 _! asc5t implies t !y may be subdu$ by religi\s au/]ities1 & by ! aid ( _! en]gy be made ! means ( asc5d+ to ! _w on high & ! supreme ,heav52 _! fall1 in/ead ( rea*+ ,heav5's et]nal mansions1 intimates t if1 ev5 = a %ort p]iod1 we become c>eless ab\t repress+ evil prop5sities1 & desi/ f ! practice ( mortification1 ! passions w return back to _! nature1 or w&] f ! et]nal p>adise1 ! natural abode ( s\ls30 ! hemi/i*1 8dur+ "o mom5t ,i 0 he$less1 & he 0 remov$ f me a j\rney ( a hundr$ ye>s10 is applicable to su* a /ate4 ,ru/am's#bia br++ back ,kai ,ku to 8 ?rone f ! =e/ into :i* he _h fall51 means1 8 br++ back intellig5ce into ! k+'s s\l1 & turn+ him back f ! des]t 7lit4 mead[71 ( natural infirmity3 ,kai ,kaus !re=e1 by direction ( ,kai ,ni%91 8 y\ng] bro!r1 b 8 eld] 9 purity ( fai? & good works1 rema9$ =ty days 9 retirem5t1 until 9 ! /ate ( sleep1 ?r\gh ! awak5+ ( 8 he>t1 he beheld ?is heav5ly vision4 ,!y also ass]t1 :atev] mod]n writ]s h decl>$1 relative to ,khizr#bib & ,isk&]1 hav+ p5etrat$ into ! regions ( d>kness1 :]e ! =m] discov]$ ! f\nta9 ( life immortal1 means1 t ! ,isk&]1 or ! intellectual s\l1 ?r\gh ! en]gy ( ! ,khizr1 or reason1 discov]$1 :il/ 9 ! /ate ( human d>kness1 ! wat] ( life1 or ! k ( ! rational sci5ces1 or ! sci5ce :i* =ms ! prop] object ( intellectz to :at !y say ab\t ,isk&]'s return+ back empty-h&$1 by t is meant1 t to expect et]nal duration 9 ?is evanesc5t abode be+ altoge!r absurd1 he consequ5tly c\ld n atta9 t object1 & !re=e dep>t$ to ! next _w4 ,:at !y record ab\t ,khizr's dr9k+ ( t wat]1 means1 t ! p]fection ( intellect exi/s n ?r\gh ! m$ium ( body1 & t reason has no ne$ ( body1 or any ?+ corporeal1 ei!r z ess5ce or attribute4 ,9 "s passages !y int]pret ! tradition aft] ?is mann]2 by ,khizr is meant ! intellectual s\l1 or rational faculty1 & by ,isk&] ! animal s\l1 or natural in/9ct2 ! ,khizr ( ! intellectual s\l1 associat$ ) ! ,isk&] ( ! animal s\l1 & ! ho/ 7( p]ceptions7 arriv$ at ! f\nta9-head ( und]/&+1 & obta9$ immortality1 :il/ ! ,isk&] ( ! animal s\l return$ back empty-h&$4#bic ,x mu/ be rem>k$1 t ?is sect expla9 aft] ?is mann]1 :atev] transgresses ! rules ( probability1 or _c be weigh$ 9 ! balance ( compreh5sion2 9 %ort1 all t is contr>y to reason4 ,!y also say purification is ( two k9ds2 ! amighi or true1 & ! a%k>i or app>5t3 ! fir/ consi/s 9 n defil+ ! he>t ) any ?+2 9 n atta*+ x to ! conc]ns ( ?is trea*]\s _w1 emancipat+ x f all ties & prejudice1 ma9ta9+ no connection ) any object :atev]1 & wa%+ away all bias f ! s\l4 ,! ,a%k>i1 or app>5t1 consi/s 9 remov+ to a di/ance :atev] appe>s unclean2 consequ5tly ?is purification is effect$ ) wat] :i* has und]gone no *ange ( color1 smell1 or ta/e3 t is1 :i* is free f bad color1 smell1 or ta/e2 if o!rwise1 rose-wat] & su* l are m to be comm5d$4 ,ablution requires a kur1 or a measure ( lu/ral wat]2 t is1 accord+ to !m1 ! measure = a man1 is t quantity into :i* he c imm]ge 8 head2 = an elephant1 a quantity proportion$ to 8 bulk2 & = a gnat1 a s+le drop ( wat]4 ,!y reckon x m]itori\s to recite ! pray]s & texts ( ! ,%at ,dastr1 relative to ! unity ( ! self-exi/5t ,creator1 ! great dignity ( intellig5ce & s\ls1 ) ! pa9s ( ! sup]ior & inf]ior bodies2 aft] :i* !y repeat ! b5$ictions ( ! sev5 planets1 p>ticul>ly on _! days1 & (f] up ! appropriate inc5se4 ,! wor%ipp] aft] ?is recites ! praises ( ! gu>dian ( ! mon?1 & ^? ( ! days ( ! mon?2 = example1 if x be ! mon? ( ,f>v>d91#bid ! believ] repeats b5$ictions on t angel1 & !n on ea* ( ! reg5ts ( ! days ( t mon?3 p>ticul>ly ! reg5t ( t day call$ by ! same "n z ! mon?3 :i* day is also reg>d$ z a fe/ival4#bie ,= in/ance1 9 ! mon? ( ,f>v>d91 he utt]s b5$ictions on ! angel ,f>v>d91 :o is "o ( ! *]ubim on :om t mon? is dep5d5t2 if x be ! fir/ day ( ! mon?1 call$ ! day ( ,hormuz 7! angel :o sup]9t5ds ! fir/ day ( ! mon?71 ! believ]s address _! b5$ictions to ,hormuz2 & act 9 a simil> mann] on ! o!r mon?s & _! respective days4 ,accord+ to !m1 ! names ( ! mon?s are call$ aft] ! names ( _! lords2 & ! appellations ( ! days are accord+ to ! names ( _! respective reg5ts3 consequ5tly1 z we h said1 ! believ] adores ! "l ( ! mon?1 & on fe/ivals1 pays adoration to ! angel :o is ! "l ( ! mon? & ! day4#bif ,accord+ to ! ,abadian1 al?\gh 9 a mon?1 ! "n ( ! mon? & ( ! day be ! same1 ?is co9cid5ce makes n t day dep5dant on ! mon?1 b on ! reg5t :o be>s ! same "n ) him1 consequ5tly x is necess>y to celebrate a fe/ival4 ,9 ! same mann]1 on ! o!r days ( e mon?1 salutations are paid e morn+ to ! reg5t ( ! day3 also dur+ ! ,sudb>1 or ! int]cal>y days1 !y (f] up praises to _! angels4 ,!y also reg>d ! angels ( ! days z ! m9i/]s to ! angels ( ! mon?s1 all ( :om are subject to ! maje/y ( ! ,great ,light9 l mann] ! o!r />s 7planets7 h also angels dep5d5t on !m3 !y also believe t ! angels dep5d5t on ea* /> 7planet7 are beyond all numb]3 & f9ally1 t ! angelic ho/ belong+ to ! sol> maje/y are reckon$ ! highe/ ord]4 ,besides1 on ! p]iod at :i* any ( ! sev5 planets passes f "o zodiacal mansion to ano!r1 !y make an ent]ta9m5t on ! fir/ day1 :i* !y reg>d z a fe/ival1 & call x ,%adb>1#big or 8replete ) joy40 ,e mon? also1 on ! completion ( ! lun> revolution1 on asc]ta9+ its reappe>ance f a/ronomical calculation1 !y make great rejoic+s on ! fir/ day3 !re is 9 l mann] a great fe/ival :5 any /> has complet$ its revolution1 :i* day !y call ,ddram1#bih or 8banquet deck+40 ,?us1 al?\gh !re is a fe/ival e day ( ! week 9 "s idol-temple or o!r1 z has be5 be=e /at$1 relative to ! day ( ,nahid1 or ,friday1 9 ! temple ( ?is idol3 yet on ! day ( ! ,sun1 or ,yak%ambah 7! fir/ day ( ! week71 !re 0 a solemn fe/ival at :i* all ! p assembl$4 ,9 l mann] !y made a fea/ :5ev] a /> return$ to its mansion or 0 9 its z5i?4 ,!y believe x wrong to hold any fai? or religi\s sy/em 9 abhorr5ce1 z accord+ to !m1 we may draw ne> to ,god 9 e fai?3 also t no fai? has be5 aboli%$ by div9e au?ority!y hold t1 on ?is acc\nt1 !re h be5 s _m prophets1 9 ord] to %ew ! v>i\s ways :i* lead to ,god4 ,^? :o c>efully inve/igate well "k1 t ! ways :i* lead to heav5 are _m2 nay m ?an come )9 ! compass ( numb]s4 ,x is well und]/ood1 t access to a great sov]eign is m easily atta9$ ?r\gh ! aid ( 8 num]\s m9i/]s2 al?\gh "o ( ! pr9ce's comm&]s be on bad t]ms ) 8 confid5tial advis]s1 or ev5 %\ld all ! *iefs n co-op]ate ) ea* o!r2 yet !y c promote ! int]e/ ( _! inf]iors3 !re=e x is n prop] to say t we c get to ! ,god ( all exi/5ce by "o road only4 ,b ! insurm\ntable b>ri] 9 ! road ( approa*+ ,god is ! slaught] ( ! ,z9db>1 t is1 ^? animals :i* inflict no injury on any p]son1 & slay n o!r liv+ creatures1 su* z ! c[1 ! %eep1 ! camel1 & ! horse3 !re is assur$ly no salvation to ! au?or ( cruelty t[>ds su*1 nor c he obta9 f9al deliv]ance by au/]ities or devotions ( any description4 ,%\ld we ev5 behold _m miracul\s works p]=m$ by ! slay] ( h>mless animals1 we are n ev5 !n to reg>d him z "o r$eem$2 ! works witness$ 9 him are only ! rew>d ( 8 devotions1 & ! result ( 8 p]sev]ance 9 ! practice ( religi\s au/]ities 9 ?is _w3 & z he commits evil1 he _c be p]fect 9 8 dev\t ex]cises1 s t no?+ b suff]+ c await him 9 ano!r g5]ation 7:5 born aga973 su* an in/ance ( an ascetic endu$ ) miracul\s p[]s is lik5$ 9 ! ,%at ,dasatir#bii to a vase ext]nally cov]$ ) *oice p]fumes1 b fill$ int]nally ) impurities4 ,!y also ma9ta9 t 9 no sy/em ( fai? is cruelty to innoxi\s animals sanction$3 & all human sanction = su* acts proce$s f _! att5d+ to ! app>5t import ( words1 )\t hav+ rec\rse to pr(\nd or e>ne/ consid]ation= example1 by putt+ a horse or c[ to dea? is meant1 ! removal or bani%+ f "o's self animal prop5sities1 & n ! slaught]+ or dev\r+ ( innoxi\s creatures4 ,!y /ate ! lat] hi/orians to h record$ )\t due discrim9ation t ,ru/am1 ! son ( ,da/an 7:o 0 "o ( ! p]fect sa9ts71 us$ to slay su* animals3 :]eas tradition in=ms u1 t ! mighty *ampion pursu$ 9 ! *ase noxi\s animals only3 :at !y write ab\t 8 hunt+ ! wild ass1 implies t ! elephant-bodi$ h]o call$ ! lion a wild ass2 or 8t a lion is no m ?an a wild ass :5 comp>$ to my =ce40 ,9 ! sev]al passages :]e he is record$ to h slaught]$ h>mless wild asses & oppress$ innoxi\s creatures1 & :]e simil> actions are ascrib$ to "s ( ! ,gil%yn pr9ces1 !re is only impli$ ! bani%m5t ( animal prop5sities & passions3 ?us ! illu/ri\s ,%aikh ,f>id$d9 tr decl>es1 8,9 ! he>t ( ea* are f\nd a hundr$ sw9e2 ,y mu/ slay ! hog or h9d on ! ,zan>40#cjj ,!y hold t1 f ! comm5cem5t to ! v end1 ! *iefs ( ! ,p]sian ,sipsn1 f> f slaught]+ ^! h>mless creatures1 reg>d$ z an incumb5t duty to avoid & %un1 by e precaution1 ! practice ( oppression or de/ruction t[>ds !m3 nay1 !y inflict$ puni%m5t on ! p]petrators ( su* de$s4 ,al?\gh !y e/eem ! ,gil%yn prophets1 pontiffs1 & pr9ces1 exce$+ly holy p]sonages1 yet 9 _! op9ion1 !y come n up 9 p]fect wisdom & works to ! prec$+ apo/les & sov]eigns1 :o appe>$ f ! ,yassnin to ! end ( ! ,mhbdn race4 ,!y ass]t t "s innoxi\s animals suff] oppression 9 ?is g5]ation by way ( retribution3 = in/ance1 an ox or a horse1 :i* 9 times long pa/ _h1 ?r\gh he$lessness1 wantonness1 or )\t necessity1 de/roy$ a man3 z ^! creatures und]/& no?+ b h[ to eat & dr9k1 consequ5tly :5 !y obta9 a new bir?1 !y c>ry burd5s1 :i* is by no means to be reg>d$ z an act ( oppression1 b z a retribution or retaliation = _! previ\s misconduct4 ,!y are n put to dea?1 z !y are n naturally de/ructive & sangu9>y3 _! h>mless nature proves t !y _c be reckon$ among ! de/roy]s ( animal life3 s t putt+ !m to dea? is ! same z de/roy+ an ignorant h>mless man3 !re=e _! slay]1 ?\gh he may n receive 9 ?is _w ! m]it$ puni%m5t f ! actual rul] or gov]nor1 appe>s 9 ! next g5]ation "u ! =m ( a f]oci\s bea/1 & meets 8 des]ts4 ,a great man says on ?is subject3 8,9 e evil de$ committ$ by !e1 ?9k n t x ,is pass$ ov] 9 ,heav5 or neglect$ 9 ! resolutions ( "t2 ,?y evil de$s are a debt1 ev] 9 ! pres5ce ( =tune1 ,:i* mu/ be repaid1 9 :atev] age %e makes ! dem&40 ,!y also hold ! et]nal p>adise to be ! ,heav5s2 & reg>d ! sol> maje/y z "l ( ! empyrean2 & ! o!r />s1 fix$ or planet>y1 z 8 m9i/]s3 ?us a p]son :o1 ?r\gh religi\s mortifications & purity ( life1 atta9s righte\sness 9 words & de$s1 is unit$ ) ! sun & becomes an empyreal sov]eign3 b if ! proportion ( 8 good works be> a clos] aff9ity to any o!r />1 he becomes "l ( ! place assign$ to t />3 :il/ o!rs are jo9$ to ! firmam5t on high3 ! p]fect man passes on /ill f>!r1 arriv+ at ! !real sph]e1 or ! region ( pure spirits2 su* m5 atta9 ! beatific vision ( ! light ( lights & ! *]ub9ic ho/s ( ! ,supreme ,"l4 ,%\ld he be a pr9ce dur+ ^: reign no h>mless animals 7 slaught]$ 9 8 realms2 & :o1 if any 7 guilty ( ^! acts1 inflict$ puni%m5t on ! p]petrators ( ! crimes1 s t no su* *>act]s dep>t$ ?is _w )\t due retribution2 he is e/eem$ a wise1 b5efic5t1 & virtu\s k+3 & imm$iately on be+ sep>at$ f ! elem5ts ( body1 he is unit$ ) ! sun3 8 _s is id5tifi$ ) t ( ! maje/y ( ! great light & he becomes an !real sov]eign4 ,pr9ce ,siamak1 ! son ( ,kaiomors decl>es3 8,i beheld f fir/ to la/ all ! ,abdn1 ,jynn1 ,%yn1 & ,yassnn mon>*s3 "s 7 *]ubim 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,supreme ,"l2 o!rs absorb$ 9 ! contemplation ( ! ,light ( ,lights3 b ,i f\nd none l[] ?an ! sph]e ( ! sun1 ! viceg]5t ( ,god40 ,on my ask+ !m conc]n+ ! means ( atta9+ ^! high degrees1 !y said3 8,! great means ( acquir+ ?is dignity consi/ 9 ! protection ( h>mless animals1 & inflict+ puni%m5t on evil do]s40 ,accord+ to ?is sect1 lab\r+ "u insanity1 suff]+ di/ress on acc\nt ( "o's *ildr51 be+ assail$ by diseases1 ! visitations ( provid5ce1 ^! calamities are ! retribution ( actions 9 a =m] /ate ( exi/5ce4 ,if a p]son %\ld fall d[n or /umble :5 runn+1 ev5 ?is is reg>d$ z ! retribution ( pa/ de$s3 z are also ! maladies ( new-born babes4 ,b :atev] happ5s to a j man1 :i* is evid5tly unm]it$1 ?is is n to be look$ on z retribution1 b z proce$+ f ! oppression ( ! temporal rul]1 f :om1 9 a future g5]ation1 ! ,supreme ,rul] w dem& an acc\nt4 ,accord+ to _! t5ets1 ! dr9k+ ( w9e or /rong liquors to excess1 or p>tak+ ( ?+s :i* impair ! und]/&+1 is by no means to be tol]at$3 :i* may be prov$ by ?is reflexion1 t ! p]fection ( man is und]/&+1 & t intoxicat+ bev]ages r$uce human nature1 :il/ 9 t /ate1 to a level ) ! brute creation4 ,if a p]son dr9k /rong liquors to excess1 he is br\ght be=e ! judge to receive due ca/igation2 & %\ld he1 dur+ t /ate1 d injury to ano!r1 he is held acc\ntable = x1 & is puni%$ also z a malefactor4 ,among ?is sect x is p]mitt$ to kill ^? animals :i* oppress o!rs1 su* z lions1 f[ls1 & hawks1 :i* prey on liv+ creatures3 b :atev] animals1 :e!r noxi\s or innoxi\s1 suff] viol5ce f ! noxi\s1 duly receive x by way ( retribution3 :5 !y slay ! =m]1 or noxi\s animals1 t is reg>d$ z a retribution1 because 9 a =m] exi/5ce !y 7 oppressive & sangu9>y creatures3 & 9 ?is g5]ation ! ,almighty has giv5 !m ov] to o!r m sangu9>y animals1 t !y might %$ ! blood ( ! sangu9>y blood%$d]3 s t :5 noxi\s creatures are sla91 x is by way ( retribution = hav+ %$ blood3 ! v act ( %$d+ _! blood proves !m to h be5 =m]ly %$d]s ( blood3 x is n h[ev] all[$ to put !m to dea? until !y become hurtful3 = example1 a "y sp>r[ _c1 :il/ 9 t /ate1 commit an injury2 b1 :5 able to fly1 x injures ! insects ( ! e>?2 &1 al?\gh ?is happ5s to ! insects by way ( retributive ju/ice1 yet _! slay]s become also des]v+ ( be+ sla91 z 9 a =m] g5]ation !y h be5 %$d]s ( blood4 ,= in/ance1 a p]son has unwitt+ly sla9 ano!r1 = :i* crime he has be5 ?r[n into prison2 on :i* !y summons "o ( ! o!r prison]s to behead ! murd]]3 aft] :i* ! judge comm&s "o ( 8 (fic]s to put ! execution] to dea?1 z1 previ\s to ?is act1 he _h be=e %$ blood unju/ly4 ,b if a man slay a noxi\s animal1 he is n to be put to dea?1 because t p]son tak+ into consid]ation ! noxi\s animal's oppression1 has inflict$ retribution on x3 b if a brave *ampion or any o!r be sla9 9 fight+ ) a noxi\s creature2 ?is 0 8 m]it$ retribution2 & x is ! same if an innoxi\s animal be sla9 9 fight+ ) a noxi\s creature3 = example1 9 a pa/ g5]ation ! ox 0 a man endu$ ) _m brutal prop5sities1 :o ) viol5ce & insol5ce =c$ p into 8 s]vice & impos$ heavy burd5s on !m1 until he depriv$ "s ( !m ( life3 !re=e 9 ?is g5]ation1 on acc\nt ( 8 rul+ prop5sities1 he comes 9 ! =m ( an ox1 t he may receive ! retribution due to 8 =m] de$s1 & 9 return = 8 hav+ %$ blood1 %\ld be himself sla9 by a lion or "s su* creature4 ,b mank9d are n p]mitt$ to kill ! h>mless animals1 & ^! are n %$d]s ( blood3 & if su* an act %\ld be inadv]t5tly p]petrat$ by any individuals1 de/ructive animals are !n appo9t$ to retaliate on !m1 z we h expla9$ "u ! head ( ! ox4 ,! be/ mode to be adopt$ by m]ciful m5 = putt+ to dea? de/ructive creatures1 su* z f[ls1 sp>r[s1 & ! l1 is ! foll[+3 let !m op5 a ve91 s t x may die f ! effusion ( blood3 !re are _m precepts ( ?is k9d record$ 9 ! ,ja%5 ,sudah ( ! ,mb$ ,ho%yr3 b philosoph]s1 em95t doctors1 & durve%es :o ab&on ! _w1 nev] commit su* acts3 x is h[ev] indisp5sably necess>y t a k+1 9 ! c\rse ( gov]nm5t1 %\ld inflict on ! evildo] ! retaliation due to 8 conduct4 ,! ,mb$ ,ho%yr relates1 9 ! ,s>ud-i-,ma/n1 t 9 ! "t ( ,kaomors & ,siamak1 no animal ( any k9d 0 sla91 z !y 7 all ob$i5t to ! comm&s ( ^! pr9ces4 ,s t "o ( ! ,f>jd1 or miracul\s p[]s possess$ by ! ,yezdanian *iefs ( ,iran1 f ,kaomors to ,jem%d1 0 _! appo9t+ a c]ta9 class ( (fic]s to wat* ov] ! animal creation1 s t !y %\ld n attack ea* o!r4 ,= in/ance1 a lion 0 n p]mitt$ to de/roy any animal1 & if he kill$ "o 9 ! *ase1 he met ) due puni%m5t2 consequ5tly no creature 0 sla9 or de/roy$1 & c>nage fell into su* disuse among noxi\s animals1 t !y 7 all reckon$ among ! innoxi\s4 ,h[ev]1 ! sk9s ( animals :i* _h di$ a natural dea? 7 tak5 (f1 & 9 ! beg9n+ us$ z clo?+ by ,kaomors & 8 subjects3 b !y 7 latt]ly satisfi$ ) ! leaves ( trees4 ,^? :o embrace ! t5ets ( ?is holy race attribute ?is result to ! miracul\s p[]s ( ^! mon>*s1 & "s pr(\nd ?9k]s reg>d x z effect$ by a talisman2 :il/ _m skill$ 9 int]pretation hold x to be an enigmatical mode ( expression3 ?us1 ! animal creation submitt+ to gov]nm5t implies1 ! ju/ice ( ! sov]eigns2 _! vigilance 9 extirpat+ corruption & evil1 & produc+ good4 ,9 %ort1 :5 9 ! c\rse ( succession ! ,gil%yn cr[n came to ,h%ang1 he enjo9$ ! p to eat ! sup]abundant eggs ( ducks1 dome/ic f[ls1 & su* l1 b n to su* a degree t1 ?r\gh _! p>tak+ ( su* food1 ! race ( ^! creatures %\ld become ext9ct4 ,:5 ! ?rone ( sov]eignty 0 adorn$ by ! pres5ce ( ,tahmras1 he said1 8,x is lawful = c>nivor\s & noxi\s creatures to eat dead bodies30 t is1 if a lion f9d a lifeless /ag1 or a sp>r[ a dead worm1 !y may p>take ( !m4 ,9 ! same mann]1 :5 ,jem%id assum$ ! cr[n1 he enact$3 8,if m5 ( l[ ca/e eat ! fle% ( animals :i* die a natural dea?1 !y commit no s940 ,! reason :y p d n at pres5t eat ( animals :i* di$ 9 ! c\rse ( nature1 is1 t _! fle% eng5d]s disease1 z ! animal di$ ( "s di/emp]3 o!rwise !re is no s9 atta*$ to ! eat+ ( x4 ,:5 ,jem%id dep>t$ to ! mansions ( et]nity1 ,deh ,ak1#cja ! ,arab1 slew & p>took ( all animals indiff]5tly1 :e!r de/ructive or h>mless1 s t ! dete/able practice became g5]al4 ,:5 ,f>idn _h purg$ ! e>? f ! pollution ( ,zohk's tyranny1 he saw t "s creatures1 hawks1 lions1 wolves1 & o!rs ( ! de/ructive k9d1 gave !mselves up to ! *ase 9 violation ( ! orig9al cov5ant3 he !re=e enjo9$ ! slaught] ( ^! classes4 ,aft] ?is1 ,jraj p]mitt$ m5 ( l[ ca/e1 t is ! mass ( ! p1 to p>take ( de/ructive creatures1 su* z dome/ic f[ls 7:i* prey ^u worms71 also sp>r[s & su* l1 9 kill+ :i* no s9 is incurr$3 b ! holy ,yezdanians nev] pollut$ _! m\?s ) fle%1 or kill$ savage animals = !mselves1 al?\gh !y slew !m = o!rs ( ! same class4 ,= example1 ! hawk1 lion1 & o!r rapaci\s animals ( prey 7 kept 9 ! h\ses ( ! great1 = ! purpose ( inflict+ puni%m5t on o!r de/ructive animals1 & n t m5 %\ld p>take ( !m3 = eat+ fle% is n an innate quality 9 m51 z :5ev] !y slay animals = food1 f]ocity settles 9 _! nature1 & t alim5t introduces habits ( rapacity3 :]eas ! true mean+ ( putt+ de/ructive animals to dea?1 is ! extirpation ( wick$ness4 ,! ,yezdanians also h c]ta9 vi&s1 :i* p at pres5t conf\nd ) animals & fle%3 = in/ance1 !y give ! "n ( b>ah1 8lamb10 to a di% compos$ ( ! z+1 or egg-mu%room2 gaur1 or 8onag]0 is a di% made out ( *eese3 ) _m o!rs ( ! same k9d4 ,al?\gh !y kill de/ructive animals 9 ! *ase1 !y nev] eat ( !m2 & if 9 _! h\ses !y kill "o de/ructive animal = ! food ( ano!r1 su* z a sp>r[ = a hawk1 x is done by a man /yl$ ,dazhkm1 or execution]1 :o is l[] ?an a ,mil>1 call$ 9 ,h9di1 ,juh>ah or 8sweep]10 & 9 mod]n language ,halll ,khr1 or "o to :om all food is lawful4 ,b ! dyna/y prec$+ ,gil%ah1 f :om ! ,yezdanians d]ive _! t5ets1 af=d$ no protection :atev] to de/ructive animals1 z !y e/eem$ ! protection ( ! oppressor mo/ repreh5sible4 ,9 ! "t ( ! ,gil%yn pr9ces1 !y n\ri%$ hawks & su* l1 = ! purpose ( retaliat+ on de/ructive animals2 = example1 !y let loose ! hawk on ! sp>r[1 :i* is ! emblem ( ,ahriman2 & :5 ! hawk grew old1 !y cut (f 8 head & kill$ him = 8 =m] evil de$s4 ,! fir/ race nev] kept any de/ructive creatures1 z !y e/eem$ x crim9al to af=d !m protection2 & ev5 _! de/ruction nev] took place 9 ! abodes ( righte\s & holy p]sons4 ,among ! ,sipasyan sect 7 _m exempl>y & pi\s p]sonages1 ! p]=m]s ( praisewor?y discipl9e3 ) !m1 h[ev]1 volunt>y au/]ity implies 8religi\s practices0 or ,saluk1 & consi/s n 9 extreme suff]+1 :i* !y hold to be an evil1 & a retribution inflict$ = previ\s wick$ de$s4 ,accord+ to ?is sect1 ! modes ( walk+ 9 ! pa?s ( ,god are manifold3 su* z seek+ ,god2 ! society ( ! wise2 retirem5t & seclusion f ! _w2 purity ( conduct2 univ]sal k9dness2 b5evol5ce2 reliance on ,god2 pati5ce2 endurance2 cont5t$ness2 resignation2 & _m su* l qualitiesz ?us record$ 9 ! ,s>d-i-,mu/n ( ! ,mb$ ,hu%y>4 ,! ,mb$ ,khod ,j1 9 ! 8,cup ( ,ki ,khusr10 a comm5t>y on ! text ( ! poem ( ! v5]able ,az> ,kaivan1 ?us relates3 8,he :o devotes himself to walk+ 9 ! pa? ( ,god1 mu/ be well-skill$ 9 ! m$ical sci5ces1 s t he may rectify :atev] pr$om9ates or exce$s 9 ! bodily hum\rs3 9 ! next place1 he mu/ bani% f 8 m9d all articles ( fai?1 sy/ems1 op9ions1 c]emonials1 & be at peace ) all3 he is to seat himself 9 a small & d>k cell1 & gradually dim9i% ! quantity ( 8 food40 ,! rules = ! dim9ution ( food are ?us laid d[n 9 ! ,%>i/an ( ! holy doctor ,f]zanah ,bahram1 ! son ( ,f>hd3 8,f 8 usual food1 ! pi\s recluse is e day to subtract ?ree direms1 until he r$uces x to t5 direms weight3 he is to sit 9 p]fect solitude1 & give himself up to m$itation40 ,_m ( ?is sect h br\ght !mselves to "o direm weight ( food3 _! pr9cipal devotional practice turn+ on ^! five po9ts3 namely1 fa/+1 sil5ce1 wak+1 solitude1 & m$itation on ,god4 ,_! modes ( invok+ ,god are manifold1 b ! "o mo/ g5]ally adopt$ by !m is t ( ! ,mk ,zhp3 n[ 9 ! ,azanan or ,pehlevi1 ,mk signifies 8f\r10 & ,zhp 8a bl[20 ?is /ate ( m$itation is also call$ ,*> ,sang1 8! f\r weights10 & ,*> ,kb1 8! f\r bl[s40 ,! next 9 importance is ! siy zhp1 8! ?ree weights0 or 8?ree bl[s40 ,! sitt+ po/ures among ^! devotees are num]\s2 b ! m approv$ & *oice are limit$ to eighty-f\r2 out ( ^! !y h select$ f\rte52 f ! f\rte5 !y h tak5 five2 & out ( ! five two are *os5 by way ( em95ce3 ) respect to ^! positions1 _m h be5 describ$ by ! ,mbud ,s>% 9 ! ,z]d%t ,af%r3 ( ^! two1 ! *oice position is ! foll[+3 ,! devotee sits on 8 hams1 cross-legg$1 pass+ ! outside ( ! "r foot ov] ! left ?igh1 & t ( ! left foot ov] ! "r ?igh2 he !n passes 8 h&s beh9d 8 back1 & holds 9 8 left h& ! great toe ( ! "r foot1 & 9 ! "r h& ! great toe ( ! left foot1 fix+ 8 eyes int5tly on ! po9t ( ! nose3 ?is position !y call ,f>ni%91 8! spl5did seat10 b by ! ,h9di ,jogies x is nam$ ! ,padma san1#cjb or 8,lotus seat40 ,if he !n repeat ! ,zekr-i-,mukzhub1 he ei!r lays hold ( ! great toes ) 8 h&s1 or if he pref]1 removes 8 feet (f ! ?ighs1 seat+ himself 9 ! ord9>y position1 :i* is q suffici5t!n1 ) clos$ eyes1 ! h&s plac$ on ! ?ighs1 ! armpits op51 ! back erect1 ! head ?r[n =w>d1 & fet*+ up f ! navel ) all 8 =ce ! ^w ,ni/1 he raises 8 head up3 next1 9 recit+ ! ^w ,h/i1 he incl9es ! head t[>ds ! "r brea/2 on recit+ ! ^w ,mag>1 he holds ! head erect2 aft] :i* he utt]s ,yezdan1 b[+ ! head to ! left brea/1 ! seat ( ! he>t4 ,! devotee makes no pause betwe5 ! words ?us recit$2 nay1 if possible1 he utt]s sev]al =mul>ies 9 "o brea?1 gradually increas+ _! numb]4 ,! words ( ! =mul>y 7,ni/ he/i mag> yezdan1 8!re is no exi/5ce save ,god07 are ?us set =?3 8,no?+ exi/s b ,god20 or1 8,!re is no ,god1 b ,god20 or1 8,!re is no adoration except = :at is adorable20 or ?is1 8,he to :om wor%ip is due is pure & necess>ily exi/5t20 or1 8,he :o is )\t equal1 =m1 color1 or model40 ,x is p]mitt$ to use ?is =mul>y publicly1 b ! inw>d m$itation is mo/ g5]ally adopt$ by prie/s & holy p]sons2 z ! s5ses become di/urb$ by exclamations & clamors1 & ! object ( retirem5t is to keep !m collect$4 ,9 ! inw>d m$itation1 ! wor%ipp] reg>ds ?ree objects z pres5t3 8,god1 ! he>t1 & ! _s ( 8 ,tea*]20 :il/ he revolves 9 8 he>t ! purport ( ?is =mul>y3 8,!re is no?+ 9 exi/5ce b ,god40 ,b if he proce$s to ! suppression ( brea?1 :i* is call$ ! 8k ( ,dam & ,smrad10 or ! sci5ce ( brea? & imag9ation1 he closes n ! eyes1 b directs !m to ! tip ( ! nose1 z we h be=e expla9$ "u ! fir/ mode ( sitt+3 ?is in/itute has also be5 record$ 9 ! ,surud-i-,ma/an1 b ! pres5t does n include all ! m9ute details4#cjc ,x is ?us record$ 9 ! ,z]d%t ,af%r2 ! wor%ipp] hav+ clos$ ! "r no/ril1 enum]ates ! names ( ,god f once to sixte5 times1 & :il/ c\nt+ draws 8 brea? upw>ds2 aft] :i* he repeats x tw5ty-two times1 & lets ! brea? escape out ( ! "r no/ril1 & :il/ c\nt+ propels ! brea? al(t2 ?us pass+ f ! six ,khns or /ages to ! sev5?2 until f ! int5sity ( imag9ation he arrives to a /ate 9 :i* he ?9ks t 8 s\l & brea? b\nd l ! jet ( a f\nta9 to ! cr[n ( ! head3 !y enum]ate ! sev5 /ages1 or ! sev5 degrees1 9 ?is ord]3 #a/1 ! position ( sitt+2 #b;d1 ! hips2 #c;d1 ! navel2 #d?1 ! p9e-he>t2 #e?1 ! w9dpipe2 #f?1 ! space betwe5 ! eyebr[s2 & #g?1 ! cr[n ( ! head4 ,z caus+ ! brea? to m\nt to ! cr[n ( ! head is a p[] peculi> to ! mo/ em95t p]sons2 s1 :oev] c convey 8 brea? & s\l toge!r to t "p1 becomes ! vic]eg5t ( ,god4 ,accord+ to ano!r in/itute1 ! wor%ipp] )draws f all s5seless pursuits1 sits d[n 9 retirem5t1 giv+ up 8 he>t to 8 orig9al _w on high1 & )\t mov+ ! tongue1 repeats 9 8 he>t ,yezdan6 ,yezdan6 or ,god6 ,god6 :i* address to ! ,"l may be made 9 any language1 z ,h9di1 ,arabic1 etc4 ,ano!r rule is1 ! idea ( ! ,in/ructor3 ! wor%ipp] imag9es him to be pres5t & is nev] sep>at$ f t ?\ght1 until he atta9s to su* a degree1 t ! image ( 8 spiritual guide is nev] abs5t f ! m9d's eye1 & he !n turns to contemplate 8 he>t3 or he has a mirror be=e 8 sight1 & beholds 8 own =m1 until1 f long practice1 x is nev] m sep>at$ f ! he>t1 to :i* he !n directs himself3 or he sits d[n to contemplate 8 he>t1 & reflects on x z be+ 9 cont9ual movem5t4 ,9 all ^! cases he reg>ds ! practices ( ! suppression ( ! brea? z pr(itable = ! ab/raction ( ?\ght3 an object :i* may also be effect$ )\t hav+ rec\rse to x4 ,ano!r rule is1 :at !y call zd w1 or ! 8free voice20 9 ,h9di nahid2 & 9 ,arabic ,sut ,mutluk1 or 8! absolute s\nd40 ,"s ( ! foll[]s ( ,mohamm$ relate1 t x is record$ 9 ! traditions1 t a revelation came to ! v5]able prophet ( ,arabia resembl+ 8! tones ( a bell10 :i* means ! 8,sut ,mutluk30 :i* ,hafiz ( ,%iraz expresses ?us3 8,no p]son kn[s :]e my belov$ dwells3 ,?is mu* only is kn[n1 t ! s\nd ( ! bell approa*es40 ,! mode ( he>+ x is aft] ?is mann]3 ! devotees direct ! he>+ & und]/&+ to ! bra91 & :e!r 9 ! gloom ( night1 9 ! h\se1 or 9 ! des]t1 he> ?is voice1 :i* !y e/eem z _! ,zikk]1 or 8address to ,god40 ,azizi#cjd ?us expresses himself3 8,i recognise t playful sportiv5ess1 ,& well "k t am\nt ( bl&i%m5t3 ,! s\nd ( foot/eps comes to my e> at night2 ,x 0 ?yself2 ,i recognise ! hall[$ voice60 ,!n hav+ op5$ ! eyes & look+ betwe5 ! eyebr[s1 a =m appe>s4 ,"s ( ^? :o walk 9 ! pa? ( religi\s pov]ty among ! foll[]s ( ,mohamm$ 7on :om be b5$ictions67 ass]t t ! expression ,kab ,kausa91 8,i 0 ne> two b[s' l5g?10 alludes to ?is vision4 ,f9ally1 if !y pref] x1 hav+ clos$ ! eyes = "s "t1 !y reflect on ! =m :i* appe>$ to !m on look+ betwe5 ! eyebr[s2 aft] :i* !y m$itate on ! he>t2 or )\t contemplat+ ! =m1 !y comm5ce by look+ into ! he>t2 & clos+ bo? eyes & e>s1 give !mselves up entirely to m$itation on ! he>t1 ab&on+ ! ext]nal = ! int]nal3 :oev] c ?us contemplate obta9s all t he wants2 b 8,! angui% ( my fri5d /rikes at ! portal ( ! he>t2 ,comm& !m1 ,o1 ,%ni6 to purify ! dwell+ ( ! he>t40 ,f9ally ! se>*] aft] ! ,be+ :o is )\t equal or =m1 )\t color or patt]n1 :om !y "k & compreh5d 9 ! ,p>si "u ! "n ( 8,izad10 9 ,arabic by ! bless$ "n ( 8,allah10 & 9 ,h9di z 8,p>a ,brahma ,nry>an a10#cje contemplates him )\t ! int]v5tion ( ,arabic1 ,p]sian1 ,h9di1 or any o!r language1 keep+ ! he>t 9 8 pres5ce1 until he1 be+ rescu$ f ! %ad[s ( d\bt1 is id5tifi$ ) ,god4 ,! v5]able ,maulav ,jami says on ?is head3 8,?\ art b an atom1 ,he1 ! great :ole2 b if = a few days ,?\ m$itate ) c>e on ! :ole1 ?\ become/ "o ) x40 ,!y hold t reunion ) ! fir/ pr9ciple1 :i* ! ,sufees int]pret by evanesc5ce & p]man5ce1 means n1 accord+ to ! di/+ui%$ ,i%rakian#cjf or ,platoni/s ( ,p]sia1 t ! be+s ( accid5t or creation are bl5d$ ) him ^: exi/5ce is necess>y1 or t creat$ be+s cease to exi/2 b t :5 ! sun ( ! fir/ cause manife/s himself1 !n app>5tly all creat$ be+s1 l ! />s 9 ! sun's light1 are absorb$ 9 8 div9e effulg5ce2 & if ! se>*] aft] ,god %\ld cont9ue 9 ?is /ate1 he w compreh5d h[ !y become %r\d$ ?r\gh ! sun's ov]p[]+ spl5dor1 or l ! ec/atic ,sufees he w reg>d !m z annihilat$3 b ! numb] ( ,sufs :o atta9 to ?is /ate is exce$+ly small1 & ! individuals !mselves are b little kn[n to fame4 ,?is volume w\ld n be suffici5t to enum]ate ! am\nt ( ^? lights 7precepts7 :i* direct ! pilgrim on 8 c\rse1 b ! v5]able ,azur ,kaivn has treat$ at l>ge on ?is head 9 ! ,jm-i-,kai ,khusr4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 necess>y to m5tion t !re are f\r /ates ( vision2 ! fir/1 ,nnar1#cjg or t :i* is se5 dur+ sleep3 by sleep is meant t /ate :5 ! subtile fumes aris+ f ! food tak5 into ! /oma* m\nt+ up to ! bra91 ov]p[] ext]nal p]ceptions at ! "t ( repose3 :atev] is !n beheld is call$ 9 ,f>si ,tnb1 9 ,arabic ,ry1 & 9 ,h9di ,svapna4#cjh ,! /ate beyond ?is dignity is ,susvapna1#cji 9 ,arabic ,ghaib or 8my/]i\s10 & 9 ! popul> language ( ! ,h9doos ,sukhsvda#caj or ,samdhi#caa 7susp5d+ ! connexion betwe5 s\l & body71 :i* is z foll[s3 :5 div9e grace is communicat$ f ! worlds on high1 & ! transport aris+ f t grace locks up ext]nal p]ceptions1 :atev] is beheld dur+ t /ate is call$ ,b9ab or 8revelation30 b t /ate into :i* ! s5ses ent]1 or ,h%wzh51 8a trance10 :i* is express$ 9 ,arabic by ,sah or 8recov]+ f ebriety10 & 9 ,h9di by ,jagrat1#cab 8awak+10 & ,pratyaya 8evid5ce10#cac means t /ate 9 :i* div9e grace be+ communicat$1 )\t ! s5ses be+ ov]p[]$1 x transports ! p]son = ! "t be+ to ! _w ( reality3 :atev] he beholds 9 ?is /ate is call$ ,bnb or ,ma9ah 8reality40 ,! /ate high] ?an ?is is ! p[] ( ! s\l to quit ! body & to return to x1 :i* is call$ 9 ,f>si ,nvah-i-*am9ah1 9 ,arabic ,melkt ,khal-bad51 & 9 ,h9du prapura p>ok%a4#cad ,!y affirm t ! bodies occupi$ by "s s\ls resemble a loose g>m5t1 :i* may be put (f at pleasure2 s t !y c asc5d to ! _w ( light1 & on _! return become reunit$ ) ! mat]ial elem5ts4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ,sah & ,khal is ?is3 ,sah means1 be+ absorb$ 9 m$itation on ! communication ( div9e grace1 s t1 )\t a relaxation ( ! s5ses1 ! p]son may1 = ! "t be+1 actually abide 9 ! invisible _w3 :]eas ,khal means1 t ! individual1 :5ev] he pleases1 sep>ates himself f ! body & returns to x :5 he ?9ks fitt+4 ,! spiritual ,maulavi ?us says3 8,%\t al\d1 my fri5ds6 = "o p]son has sep>at$ himself f ! body2 ,out ( a hundr$ ?\s& bodies1 "o p]son has become id5tifi$ ) ,god40 ,accord+ to ?is sect !re are sev5 worlds3 ! fir/ is absolute exi/5ce & pure be+1 :i* !y call ,arang#cae or 8div9ity20 ! second is ! _w ( intellig5ces1 :i* !y call ,birang or 8! empyreal20 ! ?ird is t ( s\ls1 call$ ,alrang or ! angelic2 ! f\r? t ( ! sup]ior bodies1 or ,nirang2 ! fif?1 ! elem5t>y or ,rang2 ! six? ! comp\nds ( ! f\r elem5ts1 or ,rang-a-,rang3 b accord+ to ! ,sufs all bodies1 :e!r sup]ior or inf]ior1 are nam$ ,mlk or region2 ! sev5? is ,s>ang1 :i* is t ( man or ( human be+s3 b 9 "s ,p>si treatises !y t]m ^! sev5 regions ! sev5 true realities3 h[ev]1 if ! au?or 7 to describe m9utely ! articles & c]emonies ( ?is sect1 _! details w\ld require s _m volumes1 t cont5t+ himself ) :at has be5 /at$1 he n[ proce$s to describe "s ( _! mo/ di/+ui%$ foll[]s ( lat] times4 #bbh ,"h beg9s ! translation ( ,david ,%ea4 #bbi ,s]% or ,s]%1 is d]iv$ f ! ,z5d1 & signifies prop]ly s-roz1 t is 8?irty days1 a mon?40 ,to ! ador]s ( ! />s1 ,s]% is ! "n ( an angel :o presides ov] ! #ag? day ( ! mon?2 accord+ to _! religion1 he is moreov] ! mo/ active ( ! cele/ial spirits2 z k+ ( ! e>?1 he passes e day & e night ?ree times ?r\gh 8 empire2 8 ?rone is ! summit ( ! _w2 all light1 all intellig5ce1 he purifies & f]tilizes ! e>?1 blesses & protects mank9d1 /rikes ! evil spirits2 9 %ort1 he is ador$ equal to ! supreme be+4 7,see ,z5d ,ave/a1 p> ,anquetil du ,p]ron1 ,i4 #b4 ,p4 pp4 #hj1 #aef1 #bbh1 #djd1 #dae2 ,,ii4 #cbj1 #ccj1 #bbc1 #bce1 #bcg74;,a4 ,t4 #bcj ,! text giv5 by ,gladw9 7see ! ,new ,asiatic ,miscellany1 vol4 ,i4 p4 #ic71 & ! manuscript ( ,oude1 h no negative be=e 2 ! s5se w\ld !re=e be3 8if 8 words _h be5 plausible1 b ! de$s bad40 ,! edit4 ( ,calcutta gives ! s5se z above4,a4 ,t4 #bca ,gladw9 translates ?is passage z foll[s 7ibid41 p4 #id73 8,if a des]v+ s\l produces good words & de$s10 :i* is 9 accordance ) ! text he foll[$1 & ) t ( ! edit4 ( ,calcutta2 b ,%ea's translation is ju/ifi$ by ! manuscript ( ,oude1 :i* has3 4,a4 ,t4 #bcb ,accord+ to ,gladw91 aft] once foll[$ 9 a s]ies by ! same ^w is to be always und]/ood?us is n a ?\s& f>d1 b "o million f>d4 ,?is ^w is n 9 ! ,burhan3,i h !re=e foll[$ ,gladw9's au?ority4 ,b 9 ! ,destir1 or 8,sacr$ ,writ+s ( ! anci5t ,p]sian ,prophets 9 ! orig9al tongue10 publi%$ at ,bombay 9 #ahah1 ! foll[+ passage occurs 9 ! comm5t>y ( ! ,v? ,sasan 7,engli% transl4 p4 #cf73 8,!y call a ?\s& times a ?\s& ye>s a f]d2 & a ?\s& f]ds1 a w]d2 & a ?\s& w]ds1 a m]d2 & a ?\s& w]ds1 a jd2 & ?ree ?\s& jds1 a wd2 & two ?\s& wads1 a zd20 etc4,d4 ,s4 #bcc 8,hirb$0 7see ,?omas ,hyde1 ,vet]um ,p]s>um et ,p>?orum et ,m$orum ,religionis ,hi/oria1 ,oxon ii4 #agfj1 p4 #cfi-cgb7 0 call$ a prie/ ( ! fire-wor%ip2 accord+ to ori5tal au?ors1 a prie/ ( ! anci5t ,p]sians 0 9 g5]al1 call$ =m]ly 1 #8magh1' or #8mogh1' t is 8excell5t10 h5ce ,magus1 a ,magian4 ,! ,magi are m5tion$ by ,h]odotus1 &1 accord+ to ,ari/otle1 7 m anci5t ?an ! ,egyptian prie/s4 ,clit>*us & ,/rabo1 contempor>ies1 ! "o ( ,alex&]1 ! o!r ( ,augu/us1 speak ( ! ,magi4 ,! latt] says 7lib4 ,,xv473 1 8,9 ,kappadocia is a great multitude ( ,magi1 call$ also ,pyre?i40 7,see ,seld51 ,de ,dis ,syris syntagma1 ,lipsi1 #affb1 p4 #cag1 #cah74 ,an ord] sup]ior to ?is class ( prie/s 0 ! 1 #8mgh b$1' or 1 #8mob$1' a #8prefect1 or judge ( ! ,magi1' ( ! le>n$ prie/s1 or ( ! wor%ipp]s ( ! sun1 9 a g5]al s5se1 a wise man1 ador] ( ! sun4 ,a ?ird ord] ( ,p]sian prie/s 0 call$ 1 #8da/ur1' or #8sup]9t5dant4' 7,see also ,z5d-,ave/a1 translat$ by ,anquetil du ,p]ron1 t4 ,,ii1 pp4 #eaf1 #eag1 #eec1 #eee47;,a4 ,t4 #bcd 8,brahman40 #bce ,gladw9 8,mahuri/>40 ,we read 9 ! ,comm5t>y ^u article #ade ( ! ,desatir1 ,engli% translation1 p4 #bg3 8,9 ,pehlevi ! ,huri/>s are call$ ,a?urnns,!y are ! ,mob$s & ,hirbuds ^: duty is to gu>d ! fai?1 to confirm ! k & precepts ( religion1 & to e/abli% ju/ice40,a4 ,t4 #bcf 1 1 1 #8k%atra1 k%atriya1 k%atri1' a man ( ! milit>y class1 f to divide1 or eat1 r f 1 k%tram1 #8field1' :i* !y are to protect4 ,?is la/ f 1 k%i1 #8to dwell4' #bcg 1 #8*hatra1' a p>asol1 an umbrella1 f #8*hada1' to cov]4,a4 ,t4 #bch 8,! ,nri/rs 9 ,pehlevi are nam$ ,rehti%tran1 & are ! pr9ces & w>riors :o are call$ to gr&eur & sup]iority1 & comm&1 & worldly sway40 ,comm5t4 ^u art4 #ade ( ! ,desatir1 p4 #bg4;,a4 ,t4 #bci 1 1 #8vi1 vaiya1 #8a man ( ! m]cantile tribe1' f 1 #8vi1' to ent]4,a4 ,t4 #bdj 8,! ,suri/>s 9 ,pehlevi are d5om9at$ ,wa%t]y%n1 & are devot$ to e k9d ( bus9ess & employm5t40 ,comm5t4 ^u ! ,desatir1 p4 #bg4 #bda 1 udra1 a man ( ! f\r? or s]vile class1 f 1 su*1 to purify4,a4 ,t4 #bdb 8,! ,ruzi/>s are 9 ,pehlevi /yl$ ,hotukh%an1 & are artisans & husb&m540,comm4 ^u ! ,des4 #bdc ,! names ,huri/>1 ,nuri/>1 ,suri/>1 & ,ruzi/>1 ( ! f\r classes ( ! p1 are to be f\nd 9 ! ,desatir 7artic4 #ade1 ,engli% translation1 p4 #bg71 f :i* "w ! au?or ( ! ,dabi/an is likely to h tak5 !m1 z v>i\s o!r in=mation4 ,z ?is division ( a nation is und\bt$ly sugge/$ by ! natural /ate ( ?+s1 x has be5 attribut$ to m ?an "o anci5t k+1 & by ,f]dsi1 9 8 ,%ah-namah1 to ,jem%id1 "u f\r d5om9ations belong+ to ! anci5t ,p]sian language4 ,^! are z foll[s3 #a 1 ,amuzian2 #b 1 ,nis>ian2 #c 1 ,nasudi2 #d 1 ,ahnu khu%i1 correspond+ to ! le>n$1 ! w>riors1 ! husb&m51 & ! me*anics4 ,! fir/ ( ^! names1 ,amuzian1 is easily recognis$ 9 ! ,p]sian 1 amokht5 7,imp4 amuz71 8to tea*1 to le>n20 ! second nis>ian is ! same ) 1 nis>i1 ! common ,p]sian ^w = a w>rior2 ! ?ird1 nasudi1 is a ,pehlevi n\n 7see ,hyde1 p4 #dcg72 ! f\r?1 ,ahnkh%1 appe>s compos$ ( 1 ahnu1 8provisions1 meat0 7to be trac$ to 1 ahnika1 8daily "w1 food071 & ( 1 khu%i1 8good1 cont5t10 or f kh/an1 8to ask40 ,^u ! f\r classes ( ! p see also ,hi/ory ( ! e>ly k+s ( ,p]sia1 translat$ f ! ,p]sian ( ,mirkhond1 entitl$ ! ,rauza-u-safa0 by ,david ,%ea1 p4 #ajh-aac4;,a4 ,t4 #bdd ,! text ( ,gladw9 has 1 de/nir1 ! edition ( ,calcutta & ! manuscript ( ,oude h ,dastir4 ,! s+le volume publi%$ "u t "n at ,bombay 7see note page #ad71 if g5u9e at all1 c be consid]$ b z a v small "p ( ! great "w1 said to compreh5d all languages & sci5ces4,a4 ,t4 #bde ,?is fai? is also call$ ,f]s5dj1 & ! great bd himself ,f]zbd1 & ,bzgbad1 7,dast41 ,engl4 ,transl41 p4 #bg1 #eh1 #ahg74;,a4 ,t4 #bdf ,burz1 ) ! ,arabic article ,al-burz1 is a m\nta9 9 ,jebal or ,irak ,ajemi1 n f> di/ant f1 & to ! nor? (1 ! t[n ,yezd 9 ! prov9ce ( ,f>s1 :]e1 f v remote times to our days1 a great numb] ( fire-temples exi/$4 ,alburz belongs to a fabul\s region2 ?is "n is giv5 to sev]al m\nta9s1 among :i* ! great ,caucasus is di/+ui%$ f ! tirah1 or 8little10 ,alburz4,a4 ,t4 #bdg ,?is ^w rem9ds ( 1 j9a1 or 1 ja9a1 f 1 ji1 #8to conqu]' or #8excel1' a g5]ic "n ( di/+ui%$ p]sons1 belong+ to ! ,ja9a sect ( ,h9dus4,a4 ,t4 #bdh ,?is is evid5tly ! ,sanskrit ^w 1 yaz1 8fame1 glory1 celebrity1 spl5dor10 & 1 yaasvan1 8fam\s1 celebrat$40,a4 ,t4 #bdi ,gladw9 has 1 nimur2 ! edition ( ,calcutta & ! manuscript ( ,oude h timur4,a4 ,t4 #bej ,gil-%ah1 8,e>?-,k+10 also 8! ,k+ =m$ ( clay40 ,accord+ to ! ,mojmil-al-,tav>ikh 7see ,extracts f ?is "w by ,julius ,mohl1 ,esq41 ,j\rn4 ,asiat41 ,febru>y #ahda1 p4 #adf71 he 0 s call$1 because he gov]n$ ! !n n inhabit$ e>?4 ,gil-%ah is "o ( ! names giv5 to ! fir/ man or ,k+2 9 ! ,destir 7pp4 #gj1 #aca7 he is call$ ,giom]t1 ,gil%ad5g2 by o!rs ,kaiom>s 7see also ,rauzat-u-,safa ( ,mirkhond1 translat$ by ,d4 ,%ea1 p4 #ej74;,a4 ,t4 #bea ,?is numb] diff]s consid]ably f ! *ronology ( o!r ,asiatics4 ,"h foll[ ! p]iods enum]at$ 9 ! ,epitome ( ! anci5t ,hi/ory ( ,p]sia1 extract$ & translat$ f ! ,jehan ,ara1 by ,sir ,wil4 ,ouseley 7p4 #ga-gd74 ,! ,pe%dian rul$ 7! mean ( #d diff]5t data7 #beca ye>s4 ,kainin 7 #d 7 #gjd ,a%knin 7 #aa 7 #ceb ,ssnian 7 #g 7 #ejj ,,total #djhg ye>s4 ,z ,yezdejird's reign t]m9at$ #fea or #fec ye>s ( our era1 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,pe%ddn1 accord+ to ! ,dabi/an1 is plac$ #fjbd-feaecgc ye>s be=e ,j4 ,c4,a4 ,t4 #beb ,adopt+ ! j comput$ p]iod ( #djhg ye>s betwe5 ,yezdegird & ! #a/ ( ! ,p%dadn1 ,kaiom>s w\ld h begun to reign #cdcf ye>s be=e ,*ri/2 accord+ to ! ,%ahnamah1 x 0 #cebi ye>s be=e our era2 ,sir ,w4 ,jones places him #hij ye>s ,b4 ,c4 7see 8 ,works1 vol4 ,,xii1 #hvo edit4 p4 #cii74 #bec ,syamak ! son ( ,gil%ah or ,kaiomors1 0 kill$ 9 a battle aga9/ ! ,divs4 ,,accord+ ,,accord+ ,,to ,,f]dusi3 ,,to ,,sir ,w4 ,,jones3 #bed ,h%ang began to reign #cdii ye>s ,b4 ,c42 #hfe ye>s ,b4 ,c4 #bee ,tehmras #cdfi 2 #hce #bef ,jem%d #cdbi 2 #hjj ,jem%d1 also call$ ,j]m%r 9 ! ,destir 7pp4 #hh1 #hi71 accord+ to ,f]dusi ! son ( ,tehmras1 accord+ to ! ,z5d-,ave/a ! son ( ,viv]ghm1 bro!r or son ( ,tahmras4 ,he1 or r 8 dyna/y1 rul$ #gjj ye>s ! ,p]sian empire4 ,he is believ$ to h be5 ! fir/ :o among/ ! ,p]sians regulat$ ! sol> ye>1 ! comm5cem5t ( :i* he fix$ at ! v]nal equ9ox1 ab\t ! #e? ( ,april 7see ,z5d-,ave/a1 by ,anquetil du ,p]ron1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #hb74 ,he is also di/+ui%$ by ! epi!t ,sad-wakh%ur1 :i* signifies 8hundr$ prophets20 to him is ascrib$ ! book ,jav$an ,khirad1 8et]nal intellig5ce10 :i* is said to h be5 translat$ into ,greek1 ) o!r books1 by ord] ( ,alex&] 7see ,destir1 ,engli% transl4 pp4 #gi1 #aec1 #afc74;,a4 ,t4 #beg ,zohak1 ! son ( a si/] ( ,jem%d1 usurp$ ! ?rone ( 8 uncle & sov]eign1 accord+ to ,f]dusi1 #bgbi ye>s ,b4 ,c42 accord+ to ,helvicus1 #bbdh2 accord+ to ,jackson1 #aifd2 b only #ghj ye>s ,b4 ,c41 accord+ to ,sir ,w4 ,jones :o1 9 g5]al1 fixes ! anci5t ,p]sian reigns mu* l[] ?an o!r *ronolog]s4 ,zohak is also call$ ,piv>-asp1 or ,biv>-asp1 f ! circum/ance ( 8 always keep+ t5 ?\s& ,arabian horses 9 8 /ables1 = ,biv>1 says ,f]dusi1 f ! ,pehlevi1 9 c\nt+ means 9 ! ,dr tongue1 t5 ?\s& 7see ,rauzat-u-saf1 ,translat41 p4 #abc2 & also ,mojmel-al-,tav>ikh74 ,! empire :i* ,zokah f\nd$ is id5tifi$ by "s hi/orians ) ! ,assyrian mon>*y ( ,semiramis1 or ) a ,semitic dom9ation 9 g5]al4 ,x la/$1 accord+ to ! ,ori5tals1 #ajjj ye>s2 accord+ to ,ctesias1 ,diodorus ,siculus1 ,ju/9 & ,syncellus #ac or #adjj1 accord+ to ,h]odotus only #ebj ye>s4,a4 ,t4 #beh ,kiblah signifies t "p to :i* p direct _! face 9 pray]1 ! temple ( ,mecca to ! dev\t ,muhamm$ans2 9 a g5]al s5se1 x means ! object ( our views or wi%es4,a4 ,t4 #bei ,! text has 1 ,k]ges1 a bird1 fe$+ on c>casses1 & liv+ "o hundr$ ye>s4,a4 ,t4 #bfj ,bahram is also call$ ,mani%ram 7,destir1 ,engl4 transl4 p4 #gi74 #bfa ,nahid appe>s also "u ! "n ( ,f]eh5gram 7ibid41 p4 #ij74 #bfb ,tir1 also ,temirm 7ibid41 p4 #ajb74;,a4 ,t4 #bfc ,x 0 f "t immemorial to our days ! practice ( ! ,asiatics to ref] ! common affairs ( life to ! />s1 to :i* !y attribute a con/ant & p[]ful influ5ce ov] ! ne!r _w4 ,?us ,hmaiun ! son ( ,bab]1 emp]or ( ,india 7see ! ,hi/ory ( ,f]i%ta1 translat$ by g5]al ,john ,briggs1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #ga7 8caus$ sev5 halls ( audi5ce to be built1 9 :i* he receiv$ p]sons accord+ to _! rank4 ,! fir/1 call$ ! palace ( ! ,moon1 0 set ap>t = ambassadors1 mess5g]s & travell]s4 ,9 ! second1 call$ ! palace ( ,ut>id 7,v5us71 civil (fic]s1 & p]sons ( t description1 7 receiv$2 & !re 7 five o!r palaces = ! rema9+ five planets4 ,9 ea* ( ^! build+s he gave public audi5ce1 accord+ to ! planet ( ! day4 ,! furniture & pa9t+s ( ea*1 z also ! dresses ( ! h\sehold att5dants1 bore "s symbol emblematical ( ! planet4 ,9 ea* ( ^! palaces he transact$ bus9ess "o day 9 ! week40,a4 ,t4 #bfd ,gladw9 has tim> ,vastir1 ! manuscript ( ,oude tmr dasytir1 ! edition ( ,calcutta 1 tmsr dasatir1 :i* is ! "r read+1 z ! ^w 8tims>0 is expla9$ 9 ! index ( obsolete or little kn[n t]ms by ^! words3 8a ^w express+ respect40,a4 ,t4 #bfe ,cicacole1 a t[n 9 ! nor!rn di/ricts ( ! ,corom&el coa/1 anci5tly nam$ ,kal+a1 ! anci5t capital ( an ext5sive di/rict ( ! same "n1 lat4 #ah #ba ,n41 long4 #hc #eg ,e4,a4 ,t4 #bff ,! ,muhamm$ans di/+ui% p>ticul>ly two temples1 or mosques3 ! fir/1 ! pr9cipal object ( _! v5]ation1 is ! ,masj$ al ,h>am1 or 8! ,sacr$ mosque10 t is to say1 ! temple ( ,mecca1 :]e is also ! ,kbah1 or 8! ,squ>e-edifice10 built1 z !y say1 by ,abraham & 8 son ,ismael4 ,! second ( ! temples is ! ,masj$ al ,nab1 8! mosque ( ! ,prophet10 :o prea*$ & is buri$ 9 x47,h]belot47,a4 ,t4 #bfg ,ali1 ! son ( ,abu ,taleb1 ! c\s9 & son 9 law ( ,muhamm$4 ,ali 0 assass9at$ 9 ! mosque ( ,kufa1 & buri$ ne> ?is t[n1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,irak1 ! ,babylonian1 on ! "r bank ( ! ,euphrates4,a4 ,t4 #bfh ,k]bela is a di/rict ( ,irak1 ! ,babylonian1 or ( ,*alda1 n f> f ,kufa1 & we/ ( ! t[n call$ ,kas] ,b5 ,hbeirah4 ,x is fam\s on acc\nt ( ! dea? & sepul*re ( ,hss91 ! son ( ,ali1 :o 0 kill$ !re1 fight+ aga9/ ! troops ( ,yezid1 son ( ,moavia1 :o disput$ ! khalifat ) him4,a4 ,t4 #bfi ,msa 0 ! sev5? ( ! twelve ,imams :om ! ,%iites rev]e4 ,he 0 born 9 ! ye> ( ! ,hegira #abh 7#gde ,a4 ,d471 & di$ 9 #ahc 7#gii ,a4 ,d474,a4 ,t4 #bgj ,baghdad1 a t[n 9 ! prov9ce ,irak ,arab4 #bga ,! ,imam ,reza 0 ! eigh? ,imam ( ! race ( ,al2 he 0 call$ ,al ,b5 ,mssa al ,kadhem1 be=e he receiv$ ! title ,reza or ,r$ha 7"o 9 :om ,god is pleas$7 f ! ,khalif ,almamm1 :5 ! latt] appo9t$ him 8 successor1 b surviv$ ! ,imam1 :o di$ ,a4 ,d4 #hah4;,a4 ,t4 #bgb ,balkh1 a t[n 9 ,khorasan1 situat$ t[>ds ! head ( ! riv] ,oxus1 9 lat4 ,n4 #cf #bh2 long4 #fe #af4 #bgc ,p]sepolis1 9 ,p]sia prop]4 #bgd ,= ! black /one1 consult ,d>t's ,antiquities ( ,we/m9/]1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #ab2 ,mat!w ( ,we/m9/]1 p4 #dcj4;,d4 ,s4 ,/ones1 especially :5 di/+ui%$ by "s p>ticul> =m or col\r1 7 9 ! mo/ anci5t times v5]at$ z ! only !n possible monum5ts1 consecrat$ to "s respect$ p]son1 or to "s ,div9ity4 ,?us ! anci5t ,arabians v5]at$ a squ>e /one z sacr$ 7see ,seld5 de ,dis ,syris1 p4 #bia1 #bib74 ,x is kn[n t ! ,muhamm$ans be/[ a p>ticul> v5]ation ^u a black /one1 :i* is atta*$ to ! gate ( _! mosque at ,mecca 7,h]belot1 ,bibl4 ori5t4 sub voce74 ,x is evid5t t ! foll[]s ( ,muhamm$1 :o is ! prophet ( a comp>atively rec5t religion1 appropriat$ to !mselves m ?an "o object & place ( ! mo/ anci5t v5]ation by m]ely *ang+ its "n1 & atta*+ to x a leg5d 9 accordance to _! own belief4,a4 ,t4 #bge ,accord+ to ,f]dusi 9 8 ,%ah-namah1 ,gu%tasp 7,d>ius1 son ( ,hy/aspes1 #eai ,b4 ,c47 0 induc$ by ,z]du%t to adopt a re=m$ doctr9e :i* prescrib$ ! adoration ( fire1 & 0 probably a pur] sort ( ,sabism1 z practis$ by ! mo/ enlight5$ magi ( v anci5t times4 ,isf5di>1 ,gu%tasp's son1 a zeal\s promot] ( ?is religion1 erect$ fire-temples 9 all p>ts ( 8 empire 7see also ,rauzat-u-safa1 ,%ea's transl41 p4 #bhe74;,a4 ,t4 #bgf ,! ,p]sian text ( ,gladw9 reads3 8,gangdezh40 #bgg ,f>idun1 ! son ( ,abt91 re/or$ ! p[] ( ! ,p%ddan accord+ to ,f]dusi1 #agbi ye>s ,b4 ,c42 accord+ to ,sir ,w4 ,jones & o!r *ronolog]s1 #gej ye>s be=e our era4 ,f>idun1 or r 8 dyna/y1 reign$ #ejj ye>s2 accord+ to ! ,b\ndehe% & ! ,mujmel-ul-tavrikh dur+ ! #ejj ye>s ( ,f]idun1 twelve g5]ations int]v5$ betwe5 ,f>idun1 & ,manut*eh]1 8 gr&son4,a4 ,t4 #bgh ,m$9a signifies a t[n 9 g5]al1 b 9 p>ticul> t ( ,jatreb1 9 ,arabia1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,hajiaz1 to :i* t[n ,muhamm$ fl$ :5 oblig$ to ab&on ,mecca1 on ! #af? ,july1 #fbb ( our era1 :i* is ! fir/ ye> ( ! ,hejira1 8flight40,a4 ,t4 #bgi ,! text ( ,gladw9 reads4 8,mahtrsz ilm40 #bhj ,nz> is ! eigh? k+ ( ! ,p%dadn1 plac$ by ,f]dusi #aaji ye>s ,b4 ,c42 by ! mod]n *ronolog]s #gae-gjh ,b4 ,c4 ,he _h two sons1 ,ts & ,gu/aham4 #bha ,! f\ndation ( ! t[n ,tus1 9 ,khorasan1 is also attribut$ to ,jem%d4 #bhb ,ardebil1 a t[n 9 ! prov9ce call$ ,az]bijan1 :i* is a "p ( ! anci5t ,m$ia4 #bhc ,bahman1 son ( ,isf5di>4 #bhd ,ku1 ! second k+ ( ! ,kaan dyna/y1 ^: reign began1 accord+ to ,f]dusi1 #iee ye>s ,b4 ,c42 he is suppos$ by we/]n hi/orians1 to be ,d>ius1 ! ,m$e1 ( ! ,greeks1 & plac$ by !m #fjj1 #fcd-eid ye>s ,b4 ,c4,a4 ,t4 #bhe ,! ,safavean dyna/y began 9 #adii ,a4 ,d4 by ,%ah-,ismail1 :o d]ives 8 orig9 f ,musa1 already m5tion$ z ! sev5? imam ( ! ,muselmans4 ,all 8 ance/ors 7 consid]$ z pi\s m5 & "s z sa9ts4 ,! fir/ ( ?is family :o ga9$ a great reputation 0 ,%aik ,sufi ,ud-d91 f :om ?is dyna/y takes ! "n ( ,sufaviah4 ,8 son 0 ,sudd] ,ud-d94 ,! mon>*s ( t "t us$ to visit 8 cell4 ,timur ask$ him :at fav\r he c\ld be/[ on him4 ,! sa9t answ]$3 8,set free all ! prison]s :om ?\ ha/ br\ght f ,turkey40 ,! conqu]or grant$ ?is reque/1 & ! grateful tribes decl>$ !mselves ! disciples ( ! man to :om !y ow$ _! lib]ty4 ,_! *ildr5 pres]v$ ! sacr$ obligation ( _! ance/ors1 & plac$ ! son ( ! pi\s ,eremite ^u ! ?rone ( ,p]sia4 7,malcolm's ,hi/4 ( ,p]sia47,a4 ,t4 #bhf ,dw>aka1 an anci5t t[n1 built by ,kri*na1 de/roy$ by a revolution ( nature2 actually exi/s a t[n & celebrat$ temple ( t "n1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,guzrat1 situat$ at ! ,s4 ,w4 extremity ( ! p59sula1 lat4 #bb #ba ,n42 long4 #fi #ae ,e4 #bhg 8,! true "n is ,gy1 a t[n 9 ! prov9ce ( ,bah>1 #ee miles s\? f ,patna1 lat4 #bd #di ,n42 long4 #he #e ,e4 ,x is "o ( ! holy places ( ! ,h9dus1 to :i* pilgrimages are p]=m$4 ,x 0 made holy by ! b5$iction ( ,vi*nu1 :o grant$ its sanctity to ! piety ( ,gy ! ,rj>*i2 or accord+ to ano!r leg5d1 to ,gy1 ! ,asura1 :o 0 ov]:elm$ "h by ! deities1 ) rocks4 ,?is place is also consid]$ by "s ,h9dus ei!r z ! bir?place or z ! resid5ce ( ,buddha1 f :i* circum/ance x is usually t]m$ ,buddha-,gy 7,hamilt4 ,e4 ,i4 ,gazette]4 ,wilson's ,dict4 sub voce74,a4 ,t4 #bhh ,ma?ura1 a t[n 9 ! prov9ce ( ,agra1 situat$ on ! ea/ side ( ! ,jumna1 #cj miles ,n4 ,e4 by ,n4 f ! city ( ,agra1 lat4 #bg #cb2 long4 #gg #cg ,e4 ,?is place is mu* celebrat$ & v5]at$ by ! ,h9dus1 z ! sc5e ( ! bir? & e>ly adv5tures ( ,kri*na 7,hamilt4 ,gazet474,a4 ,t4 #bhi ,?is is an entirely ,indian "n3 ,gpna?1 8! "l ( ! c[h]ds' wives10 a "n ( ,kri*na4,a4 ,t4 #bij ,accord+ to ori5tal ,romance1 ! ,si-murgh1 or ,enka1 is end[$ ) reason4 ,he acts a consid]able "p 9 ! ,%ah-namah1 z tutor to ,zl1 ! fa!r ( ,ru/am4 ,9 ! ,kah]mn ,nmah1 ?is bird 9 a conv]sation ) ,kah]man1 ! h]o1 /ates t x has exi/$ dur+ _m revolutions ( ages & be+s prior to ! creation ( ,adam4 ,x is call$ ,si-murgh1 z be+ equal 9 magnitude to ?irty birds4,a4 ,t4 #bia ,ru/am appe>s to be a p]sonification ( ! h]oic times ( ! ,p]sians1 ! ,m$es & ! ,scy!s4 ,he 0 born "u ! reign ( ,manu*eh]1 aft] ! ye> #abii ,b4 ,c41 & di$ "u t ( ,g/asp1 aft] ! ye> #fbe be=e our era2 8 exi/5ce comprises !re=e #fjd ye>s4 ,he 0 ! "l ( ,seje/an1 & ext5d$ 8 dom9ation ov] ,zabuli/an & ,kabul2 b ! circle ( 8 actions compreh5ds a great "p ( ,asia betwe5 ! ,indus1 ! ,indian & ! ,caspian seas4 #bib ,khiz> is conf\nd$ by _m ) ! prophet ,elias1 :o is suppos$ to dwell 9 ! ,t]re/rial ,p>adise1 9 ! enjoym5t ( immortality4 ,accord+ to ,ea/]n traditions1 ,khizr 0 ! companion1 vizir or g5]al ( ! anci5t mon>*1 nam$ ,zu-al-,kurna91 or 8! ,two-horn$20 a title :i* 0 also assum$ by ,alex&] ! ,great4 ,accord+ to ! ,trikh ,muntakhab1 ?is prophet 0 ,abraham's nephew1 & s]v$ z guide to ,moses & ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 9 _! passage ( ! ,r$ sea & ! des]t4 ,! same au?or tells u1 t ,khizr liv$ 9 ! "t ( ,kai ,kobad1 at :i* "t he discov]$ ! f\nta9 ( life4 7,h]belot74,a4 ,t4 #bic ,f]dusi 9 8 ,%ah-namah n>rates t3 ,sec&] 0 9 se>* ( ! wat] ( life1 accompani$ by ,khizr4 ,! prophet atta9$ 8 purpose1 b ! k+ lo/ 8 way 9 ! d>k4 ,! troops ( ! latt] foll[$ a m>e runn+ aft] h] foal1 until !y f\nd !mselves 9 a place full ( pebbles s\nd+ b5ea? _! feet1 & he>d a voice f heav51 say+3 8,take1 or leave1 ! /ones2 sorr[ ( ! he>t 8awaits y 9 any case40 ,& s x happ5$4 ,at day-break1 ! /ones pick$ up 7 f\nd to be preci\s rubies2 all 7 griev$3 ! "o = n hav+ tak5 m1 ! o!rs = n hav+ tak5 any1 ( !m4,a4 ,t4 #bid ,f>v>d9 presides ov] ! #ai? day ( ! mon?1 & ov] ! fir/ mon? ( ! ye> 7,z5d-,ave/a1 by ,anquetil du ,p]ron1 ,,ii1 p4 #cbj-ccg74 ,hyde 7p4 #bci7 says3 ! fir/ mon?1 ,m>*1 9 ! ,jelli-ye> 7or ! new ,p]sian era ( ,jelaludd97 :i* fir/ mon? 0 ,july 9 ! old ye>1 is call$ ,f>v>d91 & he endeav\rs to d]ive ?is ^w f ! mod]n ,p]sian4 ,anquetil du ,p]ron 7,i1 #are "p4 p4 #dic7 rejects ,hyde's etymology1 & says t ,f>v>d9 signifies 9 ,z5d 8! ,f]v]s 7! s\ls7 ( ! law40 ,hyde himself seems to ent] into ?is s5se1 9 say+ 7p4 #bdj73 8,i/e ,angelus 7,f>v>d97 cr$itur presse ,animabus qu 9 ,p>adiso0 7?is angel is believ$ to preside ov] ! s\ls :o are 9 ,p>adise74,a4 ,t4 #bie ,! ,calcutta manuscript1 translat$ by ,gladw91 diff]s 9 ?is passage f ! pr9t$ copy ( ,calcutta1 #abbd ( ! ,hejirah1 ,a4 ,d4 #ahji1 & also f two excell5t manuscripts3 ! ,calcutta copy has be5 foll[$4,d4 ,s4 #bif ,! mo/ anci5t ye> ( ! ,p]sians 7,hyde1 p4 #ahh1 #ahi7 appe>s to h be5 vague or erratic1 its comm5cem5t v>y+ ?r\gh all ! diff]5t seasons1 or at lea/ soon gave room to ! vague ,p]sian-,m$ian civil ye>1 to :i* 0 jo9$ aft]w>ds ! fix$ ecclesia/ic ye> ( ,jem%$4 ,bo? ^! ye>s la/$ to ! "t ( ,yezdej]d1 :o made "s consid]able *anges 9 ! ,p]sian cal5d>4 ,?is k+ be+ kill$1 aft] an int]val ( "t1 ! fix$ sol> ye>1 beg9n+ 9 ! middle ( 8pisces10 0 introduc$ into ,p]sia4 ,! names ( ! anci5t mon?s & days appe> to h come f ! ,m$es1 ) _! d5om9ation1 to ! ,p]sians2 & ev5 ^? inv5t$ by ,yezdej]d 7 ( ,m$ian orig94 ,"h foll[s ! ord] ( mon?s call$ ,jelali 7,hyde1 p4 #ahj74 ,i4 ,f>v>d9 ,m>*4 ,,ii4 ,ardbehi/ ,april4 ,,iii4 ,khordd ,may4 ,,iv4 ,tir ,june4 ,v4 ,m>dd 7,am>dad4 ,anquetil du ,p]ron7 ,july4 ,,vi4 ,%ahrv> ,augu/4 ,,vii4 ,mih] ,septemb]4 ,,viii4 ,abn ,octob]4 ,,ix4 ,az> ,novemb]4 ,x4 ,di ,decemb]4 ,,xi4 ,bahman ,janu>y4 ,,xii4 ,isf&rm5d ,febru>y4 ,! old ,p]sian mon? 0 n divid$ into weeks1 b e day _h its p>ticul> "n f ! angel :o presid$ ov] t day4 ,"h foll[s ! ord] ( _! names1 accord+ to ,olugh ,beigh 7,hyde1 p4 #aij73 ,i4 ,hormuzd4 ,,ii4 ,bahman4 ,,iii4 ,ardbehi/4 ,,iv4 ,%ahrv>4 ,v4 ,isf&rm5d4 ,,vi4 ,khurdd4 ,,vii4 ,murdd4 ,,viii4 ,dbd]4 ,,ix4 ,azur4 ,x4 ,abn4 ,,xi4 ,khur4 ,,xii4 ,mh4 ,,xiii4 ,tr4 ,,xiv4 ,j% or ,g%4 ,,xv4 ,dbamih]4 ,,xvi4 ,mih]4 ,,xvii4 ,sur%4 ,,xviii4 ,re%4 ,,xix4 ,f>v>d94 ,,xx4 ,bahrm4 ,,xxi4 ,rm4 ,,xxii4 ,bd4 ,,xxiii4 ,dbadn4 ,,xxiv4 ,d94 ,,xxv4 ,ird1 or ,ard4 ,,xxvi4 ,a%td4 ,,xxvii4 ,asamn4 ,,xxviii4 ,zmd4 ,,xxix4 ,mrsf&4 ,,xxx4 ,anrn4 ,! names ( ! five additional days 7 z foll[s3 ,i4 ,ahnud-jah4 ,,ii4 ,a%nud-jah4 ,,iii4 ,isf&amaz-jah4 ,,iv4 ,akh%at]-jah4 ,v4 ,vaha%tu%t-jah4 ,room is want$ = ent]+ into fur!r developm5ts ( ?is ext5sive subject4,a4 ,t4 #big ,! text ( ,gladw9 has :i* has ! same mean+4,a4 ,t4 #bih ,! text ( ,gladw9 has ,orm4 ,! "n is prop]ly ,urman1 a peculi> mann] ( *ant+ or read+ ,pahlavi poetry1 :i* d]ives its "n f a village 9 ! dep5d5cies ( ,ku%gun1 :]e its inv5tor liv$4,d4 ,s4 #bii ,gladw9 & ,%ea read ,wasatir1 b ,i _c =be> f ?9k+1 ! "r read+ is dastir2 ! & ! be+ easily conf\nd$ ) ea* o!r4 ,! simile above quot$ is n to be f\nd 9 ! ,bombay edition ( ! ,destr1 al?\gh ! same precepts are /at$ !re9 7pp4 #ab1 #ac1 #ad74 ,"h foll[s ! passage 7,engli% transl4 ,comm5t4 p4 #de7 ab\t ! ,destr itself3 8,!re are two books ( ,yezdn4 ,! "n ( ! fir/ is ,dgt1 #8two worlds1' & ?is !y call ! #8,great ,book1' or 9 ! language ( ,heav5 ,f]z-,desatir1 or ! #8,great ,destir1' :i* is ! great volume ( ,yezdn4 ,& ! o!r book is call$ ,destir1 ! doctr9es ( :i* ,mhbd1 & ! o!r prophets f ,mhbd d[n to me1 h reveal$4 99 99 99 99 ,& 9 ! heav5ly tongue ?is is call$ ,d]ick ,desatir1 #8! ,little ,destir1' z be+ ! ,little ,book ( ,god40,a4 ,t4 #cjj ,zan> is call$ 9 ,india ! brahm9ical1 or 9 g5]al1 a religi\s ?read2 "h is meant ! m>k ( any unbeliev]4,a4 ,t4 #cja ,zohak4 #cjb #cjc ,^! practices are evid5tly ! same z ^? us$ among ! ,h9du devotees4 ,! *apt] ^u ! ,h9dus1 :i* foll[s1 w set =? ! great con=mity1 nay1 id5tity ( ,indian religions ) ! t5ets & cu/oms "h ascrib$ to ,p]sian sects4 ,9 ! ,destir 7,engli% transl4 ,comm5t4 pp4 #ff1 #fg7 is a curi\s acc\nt ( ! po/ures to be tak5 /&+1 or ly+1 or sitt+1 on ! gr\nd be=e any ?+ t burns1 & recit+ ! ,f]z-zemi>1 8great pray]10 to ,yezdn1 or ano!r to ,%e%-kkh1 t is to say1 to ! />s & to ! fire :i* yield light40,a4 ,t4 #cjd ,azizi is suppos$1 by ,mr4 ,?oluck 7,sufismus1 sive ,!osophia ,p]s>um ,pan!i/ica7 to be ! "n ( ! s long unkn[n au?or ( ,gul%5-raz1 8! rose-b[] ( my/]y40 ,silve/re de ,sacy 7see ,j\rnal des ,savants1 dcembre #ahba1 p4 #gai1 #gbj71 )\t absolutely reject+ ?is supposition1 expla9s ! ^w ,azizi by 8homme v]tueux0 9 ! v]se ^u :i* ,mr4 ,?oluck f\nd$ 8 op9ion4 ,! true au?or ( ,gul%5-raz is n[ kn[n to be ,mahmud ,%abi/]4 ,see ! ,p]sian text ) a ,g]man metrical translation ( ?is poem1 publi%$ 9 #ahch by ! b>on ,hamm]-,purg/all4,a4 ,t4 #cje #cjf ,= ,i%rakian1 see pages #ca & #hf ad refutationem ,alcorani4,d4 ,s4 #cjg ,9 ,gladw9's ,p]sian text1 x is ,tuti>2 9 ! manuscripts consult$ by ,%ea1 9 ! edition ( ,calcutta1 & 9 ! manuscript ( ,oude nuni>4 #cjh 4 #cji 1 8good sleep40 #caj 1 sukhsvda1 8enjoym5t40 #caa 1 samdhi1 8deep & dev\t m$itation40 #cab 1 jagrat1 8wat*+1 be+ awake40,a4 ,t4 #cac 1 pratyaya1 8c]ta9ty40,a4 ,t4 #cad 1 prapura-p>k%a1 8abs5t f ! =m] body40,a4 ,t4 #cae ,! text ( ,gladw9 has 8zr5g20 ! edition ( ,calcutta & ! manuscript ( ,oude ,arang2 9 ! ,desatir we f9d ,l>5g = ! "n ( a div9ity4,a4 ,t4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,,description ,,( ,,! ,s,p,,si,n ,,sect4 ,among ! mod]ns1 ! *ief ( ! ,abadian & ,azrh%angn sects 0 ,az> ,kaivn1 ^: l9eage is z foll[s3 ,az> ,kavan1 ! son ( ,az> ,z]du%t1 ! son ( ,az> ,b>zn1 ! son ( ,az> ,khurn1 ! son ( ,az> ,ay91 ! son ( ,az> ,bahram1 ! son ( ,az> ,no%1 ! son ( ,az> ,miht>1 ! y\ng] son ( ,az> ,ssn1 /yl$ ! fif? ,ssn1 ! eld] son ( ,az> ,ssn1 ! f\r? ( t "n1 ! y\ng] son ( ,az> ,ssn1 ! ?ird ( t "n1 ! elde/ son ( ,az> ,ssn1 or ! second ,ssn1 ! mighty son ( ,az> ,ssn1 or ! fir/ ,ssn1 ! son ( ,d>ab ! less1 ! son ( ,d>ab ! great1 ! son ( ,bahmn1 ! son ( ,isf5di>1 ! son ( ,gu%tasp1 ! son ( ,lohrasp1 ! son ( ,arv&1 ! son ( ,kai ,ni%91 ! son ( ,kai ,kobad1 ! son ( ,zab1 ! son ( ,naud]1 ! son ( ,m9u*ehr1 ! son ( ,iraj1 :o 0 ( ! l9eage ( ,f]idun1 ! son ( ,abt91 :o 0 ( ! l9eage ( ,jam%id1 ! son ( ,tahmras1 ! son ( ,h%5g1 ! son ( ,siamak1 ! son ( ,kaiomors1 ! son ( ,ysn ,ajam1 ( ! l9eage ( ,ysn1 ! son ( ,%ai ,mohbul1 ( ! l9eage ,%ai ,giliv1 ! son ( ,ja ,alad1 ( ! l9eage ( ,jai ,afram1 ! son ( ,abd ,azd1 ( ! l9eage ( ,mah ,abd1 :o appe>$ ) spl5dor 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! great cycle4 ,! "m ( ,kaivn 0 nam$ ,%irn1 a =tunate & illu/ri\s dame desc5d$ f ! l9eage ( ! j mon>* ,nu%irvan4 ,?r\gh et]nal aid & almighty grace ,az> ,kaivn1 f 8 fif? ye>1 devot$ himself to great ab/95ce 9 food1 & wat*+ by night4 ,salm ?us expresses himself3 8,innate ess5ce has no ne$ ( in/ruction2 ,h[ c\ld an arti/ produce ! image 9 ! mirror80 ,9 ! progress ( 8 admirable volunt>y mortification1 ! quantity ( 8 daily food 0 r$uc$ to "o direm weight4 ,on ?is po9t1 ! div9e sage ,suni obs]ves3 8,if ?\ eat to excess1 ?\ become/ an unwieldy elephant2 ,b if ) mod]ation1 ?\ become/ ano!r ,gabriel2 ,if any p]son %\ld give way to excess 9 eat+1 ,re/ assur$ t he is also vile to excess40 ,he abode 9 ,khum dur+ tw5ty-eight ye>s1 b remov$ 9 8 latt] days f ! l& ( ,iran into ,india3 he rema9$ "s "t 9 ,patna1 :]e1 9 ! ye> ( ! ,hegira #ajbg 7,a4 ,d4 #afgc71 he took 8 flight f ?is l[] elem5t>y abode to ! sph]e ( ! mansions on high4 ,azz obs]ves3 8,:oev] is wise1 e/eems ?is mortal coil ! ob/acle to union ) ,god3 ,?is life is ! dea? ( ,durvi%es3 look on 7! _w (7 reality z a fri5d40 ,he cont9u$ eighty-five ye>s unit$ to ! elem5ts ( body1 dur+ :i* "t he nev] desi/$ f ! practice ( au/]ities4 ,on ?is subject ,hafiz ( ,%iraz obs]ves3 8,o6 my he>t1 if ?\ once become acqua9t$ ) ! lu/re ( au/]ity1 ,l ^? :o /rike ! smil+ tap]1 ?\ can/ give up ?y head ,b ?\ longe/ aft] ?y belov$ & sp>kl+ w9e-b[l3 ,ab/a9 f su* desire1 = ?\ can/ accompli% bett] ?+s40 ,f>znah ,bahrm relates 9 ! ,%>i/an1 t f ! v comm5cem5t ( 8 religi\s c>e]1 ,az> ,kaivn1 hav+ resolv$ on le>n+ ?or\ghly ! sci5ce & sy/ems ( ! em95t sages ( antiquity1 on ?is1 ! di/+ui%$ philosoph]s ( ,h9du/an1 ,greece1 & ,p]sia1 hav+ appe>$ to him 9 a vision1 communicat$ all k9ds ( k4 ,he w5t "o day to a college1 :]e he answ]$ e "q t 0 propos$1 & gave ! solution ( e difficulty3 he 0 !re=e entitl$ ,zu-l-ulum1 or 8! ,ma/] ( ,sci5ces40 ,ali ,sani ,amir ,saiyid ,ali ( ,hamadan obs]ves3 8,if ?\ advance ev5 "o /ep f ?is abode ( va9 desire1 ,?\ maye/ repose 9 ! sanctu>y ( omnipot5ce2 ,& if ?\ p]=m ablution ) ! wat] ( religi\s au/]ity1 ,?\ can/ conv]t all ! uncleanness ( ?y he>t into purity2 ,?is pa? h[ev] is only trav]s$ by ! active pilgrim1 ,h[ can/ ?\1 ! _w's idol1 p]=m su* a task80 ,x is report$ t ,saiyid ,hasan ( ,%iraz1 :o 0 /yl$ 8! sage1 ! embelli%m5t ( pure fai? & works10 "o day said ?us3 8,on a c]ta9 day1 two foll[]s ( ! ,sufs came into ! pres5ce ( ,az> ,kaivn1 & pursu+ ! pa? ( opposition to ! ,ma/] ( ,sci5ces1 treat$ him n z "o possess$ ( p]fection4 ,_! tea*]1 a man equally em95t 9 !oretical & practical sci5ce1 :o by dom9ion ov] ! ext]nal _w _h e/abli%$ ! relation ( spiritual int]c\rse ) ! holy prophet1 fell "o night into a /ate ( ec/asy1 & beheld 9 8 trance ! effulg5t p]fection ( ! prophet1 :o said to him3 #8,my son6 tell ?y disciples t ?r\gh ! assi/ance ( ! ,only ,wise & ! ,omnipot5t1 :o is indep5d5t ( all1 ,ali ,kaivn is a completely p]fect man1 :o has atta9$ to ! diff]5t degrees ( spiritual dom9ion1 by ! practice ( ! sev5 cordial ejaculations1 & v>i$ my/]i\s illum9ations1 visions1 revelations1 spiritual realities 9 8 acts & attributes3 moreov] 8 evanesc5t exi/5ce1 ?r\gh grace pr$e/9$ f et]nity1 has receiv$ ! boon ( div9e nature2 equally v]s$ 9 special & g5]al provid5ce2 unique 9 ! true k ( ?+s f inspection1 n cont5t$ ) ! illum9ation ( tradition2 ! mo/ p]fect ma/] ( ! seek]s aft] tru? 9 matt]s ( wor%ip1 seclusion1 social int]c\rse1 & :atev] is meet & suitable to _! /ate 9 all k9ds ( in/itutes & religi\s au/]ities4 ,he is ! true philosoph]2 ! physician ( ! human race2 ! discipl9e ( religion2 ! in/itute ( ! dev\t2 ! int]pret] ( ev5ts2 ! in/ructor ( wor%ip2 ! director ( ^? :o seek ,god1 lab\r+ dilig5tly 9 ! purification ( s\ls2 co-op]at+ 9 ! cleans+ ( he>ts2 ! spiritual *ampion ( ! law2 fight+ ! good fight ( fai?2 ! pr9ciple ( tru?2 confirm$ 9 ! k1 s\rce1 & evid5ce ( c]ta9ty2 support$ by div9e aid 9 ! fundam5tal po9ts & collat]al inductions4 ,let n ?y disciples calumniate him1 b e/eem him a holy p]sonage1 & reg>d att5dance on him z pregnant ) happ9ess3 d ?\ also approa* 8 pres5ce1 & use e ef=t to conciliate 8 affection4' ,! tea*] hav+ dur+ 8 ec/acy repeat$ ?is panegyric sev]al times1 ,i committ$ ! words to writ+1 & on ! holy man's aris+ f 8 ec/atic trance1 he summon$ me & said3 #8,:o 9 ?is city is ,az> ,kaivn8 ,! prophet ha? prais$ him exce$+ly1 & ord]$ me to g into 8 pres5ce4' ,i answ]$3 #8,he has lately come hi!r f ! direction ( ,i/akh>3' on :i* he repli$3 #8,conduct me ne> him4' ,i !re=e accompani$ him1 b 0 ignorant ( ,kaivn's resid5ce4 ,:5 we _h proce$$ "s "t1 "o ( ,kaivn's disciples1 by "n ,f>had1 came ne> him & said3 #8,! ma/] 7t is ,kaivn7 invites y1 & has s5t me to be y\r guide4' ,:5 we came into 8 pres5ce1 my tea*] _h det]m9$ 9 8 m9d to salute him fir/1 b 0 unable to obta9 ! priority1 z ,az> ,kaivn _h mu* soon] anticipat$ him 9 salutations 9 ! ,p]sian language1 & aft]w>ds address$ him 9 ,arabic4 ,we 7 /ruck ) a/oni%m5t4 ,my tea*] !n repeat$ :at he _h communicat$ to me conc]n+ ! vision1 on :i* ,kaivn comm&$ him #8n to remove ! veil ( ?is my/]y4'0 ,! tea*]1 on 8 return1 hav+ call$ be=e him 8 two misguid$ disciples1 rec\nt$ ! p]fections ( ,kaivn1 & enjo9$ !m to ab/a9 f c5sur+ ! holy man4 ,= z ,sadi says3 8,respect+ ! ?icket1 imag9e x n unoccupi$1 ,a tig] may probably be c\*$ !re40 ,az> ,kaivn mix$ little ) ! p ( ! _w2 he %unn$ ) horror all public admir]s2 & seldom gave audi5ce to any b 8 disciples & ! se>*]s aft] tru?2 nev] expos+ himself to ! public gaze4 ,accord+ to ,%aikh ,baha ,udd9 ,muhammad ( ,amil1 8,if ?\ h n gu>ds 9 front & re> to keep (f ! cr[d1 ,av]sion to mix+ ) cr[ds w be a suffici5t safegu>d to !e40 ,f>zanah ,bahrm relates 9 ! ,%>i/an1 t ,kaivn express$ himself aft] ?is mann]3 8,! connexion ( my _s ) ?is body1 =m$ ( ! elem5ts1 resembles ! relation ( ! body to a loose robe2 :5ev] ,i wi% ,i c sep>ate myself f x1 & resume x at my desire40 ,! same au?or also ?us relates ( him1 9 ! text ( ! ,jam-i-,kai ,khusr1 :]e9 are rec\nt$ "s ( 8 revelations & spiritual communications3 8,:5 ,i pass$ 9 rapid flight f mat]ial bodies1 ,i drew ne> a pure & happy _s2 ,) ! eye ( _s ,i beheld spirits3 ,my _s 0 mov+ amid/ k9dr$ spirits3 ,9 e sph]e & /> ,i beheld a _s2 ,ea* sph]e & /> possess$ its peculi> _s2 ,?us 9 ! ?ree k+doms ( nature ,i beheld a common _s1 ,z _! _s 0 mutually communicat$ to ea* o!r4 ,i atta9$ ! k ( all exi/5ces4 ,& 0 associat$ ) ! great ,s]% ,ramah4 #caf;,b :5 ,i rea*$ a great elevation1 ,spl5dor f ! ,almighty gave me light2 ,z ! radiance increas$ ?is individuality dep>t$2 #cag;,ev5 ! angelic nature & ! pr9ciple ( evil disappe>$3 ,god only exi/$1 !re 0 no sign ( me 7or ( my individual exi/5ce73 #cah;,i no long] reta9$ intellect or recollection ( _s3 #cai;,i discov]$ all my secrets to be b %ad[s2 ,i !n return$ to ! angelic intellig5ces1 ,& f ^! intellig5ces ,i came back to ! _s2 ,& ?us at la/ to bodies also summon+ me4 ,9 ?is mann] ,i became p[]ful1 wise1 & sublime1 ,until ,i desc5d$ f t high degree ,^u ! road by :i* ,i _h gone up1 ,i return$ to my body ,) a hundr$ div9e fav\rs#cbj d]iv+ spl5dor f t assemblage2 ,! dignity ( ! ,supreme ,"l is too exalt$ ,= int]c\rse ) 8 s]vants to be wor?y ( him4 ,by 8 effulg5ce intellect becomes 7illum9$7 l ! e>? or sun2 ,he is elevat$ too high = 8 s]vants to hold int]c\rse ) him3 ,if ! _s receives illum9ation f him1 ,x becomes beside itself1 & its spee* is #8,i am )\t intellect' ,! _w is a drop :i* proce$s f ! ocean ( 8 exi/5ce2#cba ,:at is ! dropp+ dew8 x is ,himself 7,god72 ,?\ art n ! dropp+ dew1 b only a drop among ! drops ( x4 ,i "k n :at to say1 z ! result ( all is defici5cy3 ,?r\gh love he conf]s b\nties on 8 s]vants2 ,z x is prop] to raise up ! d[n-fall5 ,8 love r5d]s ! m5dicant a man ( p[]4 ,! _w is b a ray emanat+ f ! sun ( 8 face3 ,! j ,creator address$ me 9 k9d words1 ,& conf]r$ on me ! spl5dor ( an ,iz$2 ,none b ,he c duly praise ,himself1 ,z ,he _c become ! object ( spee* or he>+40 ,kaivan 0 ma/] ( noble demon/rations & subtile di/9ctions3 "o ( ! ,moslem lawy]s hav+ ask$ him3 8,:y do/ ?\ =bid ?y foll[]s f eat+ fle%1 slay+ animals1 & injur+ liv+ creatures80 ,he ?us repli$3 8,! seek]s ( ,god are nam$ ! peculi> p ( ! he>t2 & ! he>t itself1 ! true ,kabah3 !re=e1 :at is an abom9ation 9 ! sanctu>y =m$ ( wat] & clay _c a =tiori be suitable to ! true ,kabah3 t is1 ! eat+ ( animals & ! slaught] ( liv+ creatures4 ,a great man says3 8,i h he>d t a %eep once ?us address$ ! but*]1 ,at ! mom5t he prep>$ to cut (f h] head ) 8 sword3 #8,i n[ behold ! retribution ( e bu% & bramble ( :i* ,i ta/$2 ,:at !n %all t p]son n exp]i5ce :o eats my fatt$ lo98'0 ,kaivan also said3 8,if y ?9k prop]1 keep y\r t5ets secret :]ev] y happ5 to be1 conceal+ !m ev5 f y\r bre?r5 9 ! fai?2 z !y1 = ! confirmation ( _! sy/em1 w make y publicly kn[n40 ,azizi also says3 8,z long z ?\ can/1 communicate n ?y secret to ?y fri5d2 ,= t fri5d has ano!r2 bew>e !re=e ( ?y fri5d's fri5d80 ,"s "o ask$ him3 8,9 ! s*ism ( ,abad ,ans>i1 :i* fai? %all ,i adopt1 & ^: argum5ts mu/ ,i reg>d z true80 ,az> ,kaivn repli$3 8,rema9 9 ! same fai? t1 until ! pres5t "t1 ,god doe? z seeme? good to him2 & = ! "t to come he w d :atev] he ?9ks prop]40 ,urfi ( ,%iraz says1#cbb 8,?y ess5ce is able to call into be+ all t is impossible1 ,except to create "o l ?yself60 ,he once said to a holy man3 8,! k ( evanesc5t objects is n prop]ly k1 b be>s ! same relation to reality z ! mirage ( ! des]t to wat]3 ! se>*] aft] :i* obta9s no?+ b an increase ( ?ir/40 ,%ah ,subhan says3 8,m5 fav\r$ by =tune dr9k ! w9e ( true k2 ,!y d n1 l fools1 quaff ! dregs ( infidelity2 ,! sci5ce acquir$ 9 colleges & by human capacity ,is l wat] drawn out ( ! well by a sieve40 ,!y once obs]v$ to ,kaivan3 8,not)/&+ ! great ex]tions made by 8 highness ! s9c]e & fai?ful ,akb>1 & ! gr& ju/ici>y1 ! caliph ,om>1 & ! possessor ( ! two lights1 ,osman1 9 ! way ( ! fai? prov$ by miracles1 & _! mighty labors 9 diffus+ its in/itutes1 ! ,%ee-ites are oppos$ to ^! great p]sonages80 ,he repli$3 8,! mass ( mank9d are act$ ^u by "t & place1 9 opposition to ! seek]s aft] tru?4 ,x is also to be obs]v$ t ! p ( ,iran h adopt$ ! ,%ee-ite fai?2 & z ! above-m5tion$ great p]sonages de/roy$ ! fire-temples ( t nation1 & ov]turn$ _! anci5t religion1 !re=e rebellion & envy h rema9$ 9 _! he>ts40 ,two le>n$ m5 hav+ a dispute conc]n+ ! sup]iority ( ! *os5 ,al1 8! ,elect0 7^: face may ,god honor71 ov] ! two ,%aikhs & ! ,"l ( ! two lights 7,osm>71 7^u all ( :om be ! m]cy ( ! ,almighty7 hav+ ref]r$ ! dispute to ,kaivan1 he obs]v$3 8,all f\r are ! f\r p]fections ( ! prophetic edifice2 ,all f\r are ! f\r elem5ts ( ! prophets' s\ls40 8,! di/9ction betwe5 ! two exalt$ p>ties is difficult1 z two ( !m claim supremacy on ! celebrity 7drum7 ( be+ fa!rs-9-law to ! ,arab f\nd] ( religion2 & ! o!r two are fitt$ = dignity1 by be+ sons-9-law to ! apo/le ( ! ,arabs4 ,b :]eas all ?+s are objects ( ! ,almighty's reg>d1 ! excell5t ,al1 #8! ,lion ( ,god1' 0 e/eem$ s pre-em95t an object ( div9e favor among ! ,moslems1 t want ( fai? & ignorance induc$ _m to wor%ip him z ! true ,god1 until ?is great p]sonage op5ly disclaim$ su* a pret5sion4 ,also dur+ ! pontificate & caliphat ( ,sadik1 #8! fai?ful witness1' ! p[]ful ,abubek]1 #8! sep>ator1' ! gr& ,om>1 & t ( ,zu-l-,n>a91 #8! ,"l ( ! two ,lights1' error misl$ _m to su* a degree1 t !y d5i$ _! au?ority1 until ^! legitimate directors ass]t$ _! claims to t dignity40#cbc ,he return$ an answ] ( a simil> description 9 a dispute betwe5 a ,jew1 a ,*ri/ian1 & a ,muselman1 :o 7 argu+ ab\t ! sup]iority ( _! respective prophets2 "s ackn[l$g+ ,jesus z ,god1 ! o!rs z ! ,son ( ,god4 ,"o day z a ,*ri/ian & ,muselman 7 disput+ ) ea* o!r1 ! =m] all[+ ! dea? ( ,jesus1 & ! latt] believ+ him to be alive1 ,az> ,kaivan said3 8,if a p]son :o knew n ! direction ( a road :i* =m$ 8 de/9ation1 %\ld 9 ! c\rse ( 8 j\rney come to a dead body ly+ d[n1 & a liv+ p]son seat$1 f :i* ( ! two ought he to inquire 8 way80 ,z ! disputants bo? repli$1 8f ! liv+ p]son20 he !n said to ! ,muselman3 8,adopt ?\ ! fai? ( ,jesus1 z accord+ to ?y belief he is liv+40 ,he !n add$3 8,by life is meant ! life ( ! rational s\l3 9 ?is ,mohamm$ & ,jesus are on an equality2 call y\r prophets ! #8et]nal liv+3' = life means n ! p]petuity ( ?is body fa%ion$ out ( ! elem5ts1 :i* _c accompany u beyond a hundr$ or a hundr$ & tw5ty natural /ages 7ye>s740 ,azizi says3 8,if ! dome/ic f[l %\ld fly along ) ! f[ls ( ! air1 ,x c\ld n proce$ 9 flight beyond ! summit ( ! wall40 ,a h]mit once came into ,zu-l-,ulum's#cbd pres5ce2 he pron\nc$ a panegyric on ! opposition to s5sual passions exhibit$ by pi\s ,moslem believ]s3 & !n add$3 8,!re is no limit to ! opposition to ^! passions3 ev5 ! unbeliev] ?r\gh ! practice ( au/]ities f9ally becomes a ,moslem40 ,he also add$3 8,an exempl>y unbeliev] _h become able to "w miracles3 a ,%aikh w5t to him "o day & ask$3 #8,by :at r\te ha/ ?\ atta9$ to ?is dignity8' ,he repli$1 #8,by oppos+ ! sugge/ions ( ! passions4' ,on :i* ! ,%aikh answ]$3 #8,n[ turn to ,islamism1 z ?y s\l has admitt$ infidelity4' ,on he>+ :i* ! unbeliev] became a foll[] ( ,islamism40 ,kaivan obs]v$3 8,! ,%aikh mu/ h be5 an infidel1 z 8 s\l 0 /ill seek+ aft] ,islamism1 or ! true religion40 ,urfi says3 8,lay aside ! recollection ( 7^! words7 belief & unbelief1 z !y excite great disputes2 ,= accord+ to our 7suppos$7 bad doctr9es1 all p]sons ?9k aright40 ,a p]son once came to ,zu-l-,ulum1 & said3 8,i propose embrac+ ! pr(ession ( a durve%1 & break+ asund] ! *a9s :i* b9d me to ! _w40 ,kaivan repli$1 8,x is well40 ,"s days aft]1 he return$ to ,kaivan1 & said3 8,i am at pres5t engag$ 9 procur+ ! pat*$ tunic1 cap1 wallet1 & o!r ?+s necess>y = my pr(ession40 ,zu-l-,ulum obs]v$3 8,! pr(ession ( a durve% consi/s 9 resign+ e ?+ & ab&on+ all mann] ( prep>ations1 & n 9 accumulation ( any k9d40 ,a m]*ant ?r\gh p5ury hav+ assum$ ! dress ( hypocrisy1 appe>$ 9 a ,%aikh's g>b1 & _m p]sons dev\tly reg>d$ him z a holy man4 ,he "o day came be=e ,kaivan & said3 8,(t5 h wret*es plund]$ me on ! road3 x 0 h[ev] = a good purpose1 9 ord] t by embrac+ ! life ( a durve% ,i might atta9 ! great object ( salvation40 ,az> ,kaivan repli$3 8,be n griev$1 z ?\ art n[ plund]+ mank9d by way ( retaliation40 8,! society ( ,urfi pleases n ! sup]ior ( our mona/]y2 ,because ! sup]ior is a foe to ! intellig5t & ,urfi to ! /upid40 ,at pres5t "s ( ,kaivan's disciples1 z f> z ! au?or's acqua9tance ext5ds1 are ab\t to be enum]at$4 ,f>zanah ,kh>rd1 ( ! family ( ,mahbud1 :o _h be5 ! khan sal> 7royal table-deck] or ta/]7 to ! equitable mon>* ,nu%irvan1#cbe & put to dea? ?r\gh ! sorc]y ( a ,jew & ! calumnies ( a *amb]la91 z record$ 9 ! ,%ah ,namah ( ! k+ ( poets1 ,f]dsi1 & 9 o!r hi/ories3 ,kh>rad jo9$ himself to ,kaivan 9 ! baz> ( ,%iraz1 & practis$ religi\s au/]ities = _m ye>s4 ,f>zanah ,khu%i has (t5 m5tion$ 9 conv]sation1 & has also frequ5tly repeat$ 9 ! ,bazm-gah-i-,durv%n1 8! ,durve%'s banquett+-room10 ! foll[+ circum/ance3 8,i "o day beheld ,kh>rad & ,arde%ir 7a desc5dant ( ,arde%ir ,babegan1#cbf & "o ( ,kaivan's disciples71 /&+ face to face & mutually oppos+ ea* o!r3 :5ev] ,arde%ir wi%$ to smite ,kh>rd ) a sword1 he appe>$ l a /one1 s t :5 ! sword came into contact ) 8 body1 x 0 in/antly brok5 to pieces40,9 ! ye> #ajbi ( ! ,hejirah 7#afbj ,a4 ,d47 he became reunit$ to ! pure uncomp\nd$ _s4 ,buzurgi says3 8,:at is ! s\l8 ! sem9al pr9ciple f ! lo9s ( de/9y3 ,?is _w is ! womb3 ! body its envelop+ membrane3 ,! bitt]ness ( dissolution1 dame ,=tune's pangs ( *ildbir?4 ,:at is dea?8 to be born aga9 an angel ( et]nity40 ,f>zanah ,f>%id wird 0 "o ( ! ,p>si village *iefta9s3 8 p$igree asc5d$ to ,f>zanah ,%$o%1 :o 0 "o ( ! fif? ,sassan's#cbg disciples4 ,he also became atta*$ to ,az> ,kaivan 9 ! same place z ,kh>rad1 & devot$ himself to ! s]vice ( ! ,almighty4 ,khu%i relates z foll[s3 8,f>%id wird & ,bahman us$ to /& fac+ ea* o!r2 e arr[ :i* ,bahman dis*>g$ aga9/ ,f>%id wird1 he us$ to cut 9 two ) 8 sword3 & :5ev] ! latt] let fly an arr[1 ,bahman ) activity & address ?rew himself to "o side & avoid$ x4 ,b ?is is /ill m wond]ful3 :5ev] ,bahman %ot (f a musket1 ,f>%id let fly "o at ! same in/ant1 & ball met ball1 s t !y bo? rema9$ unhurt3 sometimes also :5 ,f>%id ,wird %ot (f 8 musket1 ,bahman us$ to move rapidly on "o side40 ,9 ! ye> #ajbi ( ! ,hejirah 7,a4 ,d4 #afai7 he hurri$ away f ?is abode ( ! elem5ts to ! skies4 ,! ,khajah ,hafiz speak+ on ?is subject1 says3 8,he nev] dies ^: he>t is quick5$ ) love div9e2 ,b rema9s = ev] /amp$ on ! records ( our et]nal _w40 ,f>zanah ,khradm& 0 desc5d$ f ,sm1 ! son ( ,n>imn3 he jo9$ ,zu-l-,ulum & gave himself up to religi\s au/]ities4 ,khu%i ?us relates3 8,i once beheld ,khiradm& :ile /&+ face to face to ,ru/am 7:o 0 desc5d$ f ,bahram ,gur1#cbh & 0 "o ( ,kaivan's di/+ui%$ disciples71 assume ! =m ( a dragon1 & %[] out fire f 8 m\?1 to su* a degree t a /rong palm 0 consum$ by its viol5ce40 ,9 ?ree mon?s aft] ,bahman's dea?1 ,khiradm& 0 re/or$ to 8 orig9al place4 ,buzurgi says3 ,! skilful & intellig5t arti/ ,%\ld h 9 ?is _w two successive lives3 ,s t 9 "o he might acquire exp]i5ce1 ,:i* he c\ld c>ry into effect by ano!r exp]im5t4 ,( ^! illu/ri\s p]sonages !y h record$ _m miracul\s & my/]i\s de$s2 su* z1 9 ! upp] _w1 hid+ ! sun's disk2 caus+ him to appe> at night2 mak+ ! />s visible 9 ! day-"t3 & 9 ?is l[] _w1 walk+ on ! surface ( wat]2 mak+ trees productive out ( season2 re/or+ v]dure to dri$-up wood2 caus+ trees to b[ d[n _! heads2 also %[+ !mselves betwe5 heav5 & e>? 9 ! =m ( lightn+2 & su* l3 &1 9 ! animat$ _w1 metamorphos+ animals2 r5d]+ !mselves invisible to m52 appe>+ "u v>i\s %apes & =ms3 "s ( :i* wond]s h be5 record$ 9 ! ,bazmgah-i-,durve%i ,khu%4 ,!y relate t ^! great p]sonages 7 to su* a degree enabl$ to dive/ !mselves ( corporeal elem5ts1 t !y quitt$ ! body at pleasure3 also t !y _h acquir$ f ! c\rt ( ,heav5 ! k ( all sci5ces :e!r kn[n or occult1 & consequ5tly _h ! p[] ( exhibit+ su* wond]ful works2 hav+ r5d]$1 by ! efficacy ( _! au/]ities1 elem5t>y matt] subject to !mselves4 ,! au?or ( ^! pages beheld ^! f\r holy p]sonages1 ,kh>rad1 ,f>%id wird1 ,bahman1 & ,khiradm&1 9 ,patna1 on :i* occasion !y be/[$ _! b5$ictions1 & imp>t$ to him ! glad tid+s ( ! means ( obta9+ ! great object1 or f9al salvation4 ,%aikh ,saadi says3 8,x becomes ! truly wise to pass e day 9 ! ex]cise ( holy zeal1 ,& to (f] up pray]s = ! prosp]ity ( durve%es40 ,f>zanah ,bahram1 ! son ( ,f>had1 0 desc5d$ f ,gud>z1 ! son ( ,ha%wd4 ,:5 ,az> ,kaivan _h proce$$ to ,patna1 9 ?is sage's latt] days1 ,f>zanah ,bahram came f ,%iraz & devot$ himself to ! practice ( religi\s au/]ities4 ,he 0 a man :o _h atta9$ ! highe/ degree ( k 9 logic1 natural philosophy1 ! ab/ract sci5ces1 & !ology1 :i* he _h mo/ att5tively /udi$ z f> z set =? & exp\nd$ by s\nd reason+ 9 ! ,p>si1 ,pehlevi1 & ,arabic3 9 practical & !oretical sci5ce he 0 unequall$2 be+ pr(\ndly skill$ & a p]fect philosoph] 9 all ! objects ( sci5ce & morality3 among ! ,moslem doctors1 he _h e/abli%$ ! relations ( ext]nal tuition ) ,khajah ,juml-,udd9 ,mahmd1 "o ( ! disciples ( ! ,mulla ,jall ,dawani4 ,f>znah ,bahrm is ! poli%$ au?or & compil] ( ! book entitl$ ,%>/n--,dni%1 wa ,gul/n--,b9i%1 8! pavilion ( k & ! rose-g>d5 ( vision40 ,9 ! ,%>i/an1 he ?us tells u3 8,?r\gh ! aid ( ,az> ,kaivan1 ,i rea*$ ! invisible1 ! angelic1 ! empyrean worlds1 & ! seat ( ! ,div9ity1 & atta9$ to union ) him ?r\gh revelations ( ! f\rfold k9dimpressive1 op]ative1 attributive1 & ess5tial40 ,! ,mob$ ,ho%y> relates3 8,i h he>d ,f>znah ,bahrm relate z foll[s3 ,i 0 "o day /&+ 9 ! pres5ce ( ,az> ,kaivan1 & conceiv$ 9 my he>t ! wi% t he %\ld tell me :at occupi$ my secret ?\ghts4 ,! v5]able p]sonage unfold$ ! secret ?\ghts ( my he>t1 & aft]w>ds said3 #8,o1 ,f>zanah6 x is an easy matt] = me to "k ! secrets ( ! s\l2 b !n :at purpose does ?y tongue answ]8 9 ord] t ?y tongue may n be useless1 ,i %all = ! future suff] !e to speak4'0 ,he assum$ ! dress ( a m]*ant1 b p imag9$ x 0 = ! purpose ( concealm5t1 & t he gave himself up to al*ymy4 ,9 ! ye> ( ! ,hejirah #ajcd 7,a4 ,d4 #afbd71 he asc5d$ f ?is l[] abode ( d>kness to ! pavilions ( light4 ,! sage ,suni says3 8,:]ev] intellect & div9e k are f\nd1 ,! dea? ( body is ! bir? ( s\l40 ,! ,mob$ ,ho%y> is ! au?or ( ! ,s>d-i-,ma/n1 8! songs ( ! intoxicat$40 ,he 0 born at ! port ( ,surat2 he trac$ 8 p$igree to ! inv9cible *ampion ,ru/am1 ! son ( ,zl1 & 0 a man ( exce$+ brav]y1 h]oism1 & exp]i5ce2 p]fect 9 g5]osity1 sagacity1 ! t]m9ation ( disputes1 "r reason1 & s\nd exp]i5ce4 ,if 8 hi/ory 7 detail$ at full l5g?1 x w\ld become necess>y to write ano!r ,%ah ,namah conc]n+ 8 victory at ,girdun1 8 defeat ( ,al ,yakah1 & su* l4#cbi ,9 %ort he ent]$ ! s]vice ( ! great philosoph] ,az> ,kaivan & 8 em95t disciples1 be+ associat$ ) !m 9 ! doctr9e ( self-k2 f ! comm5cem5t ( night to ! rise ( ! _w-illum9at+ sun1 he slept 9 ! attitude ( ,murdah ,khasp4 ,n[ ! t]ms ,murah ,khab1 ,murdap ,khasp1 & ,sns1 are t]ms appli$ by ! ,sipsan to ! foll[+ mode ( sleep+3 ! devotee re/s 7hav+ ?r[n 8 legs b5ea? him7 on 8 knees1 press+ to ! gr\nd bo? heels z f> z ! great toe3 & apply+ ! extremities ( ! knees to ! e>?1 he keeps 8 seat on ! same2 he is !n to lie on 8 back1 keep+ ! po9ts ( 8 f+]s on 8 head2 aft] ?is1 he is to look int5tly betwe5 ! eye-br[s1 & c>ry into practice ! ,habs-i-dam1 or imprisonm5t ( ! brea?4 ,! ,durve% ,subahani1 "o ( ! great ,sufees1 us$ to say3 8,su* 0 ! sleep ( ! prophets40 ,!y also say3 8,! prophets ( old us$ to sleep on _! backs1 ) _! faces direct$ t[>ds ! ,heav5s30 :i* is ! same z ! position be=e describ$4 ,ho%y> _h atta9$ to ! p[] ( suppress+ ! brea? = "o wat* 7?ree h\rs74 ,%aikh ,saadi says3 8,!y :o re/ra9 ! s\l f s5sual pleasures ,surpass 9 h]oism bo? ,ru/am & ,zl40 ,ho%y> 0 n scrupul\s ab\t :at he ate2 nev] turn+ away 8 face f :atev] 0 set be=e him3 he h[ev] mo/ dilig5tly %unn$ ! practice ( cruelty to liv+ creatures1 & avoid$ sup]fluities & excess ( e description4 ,hafiz ( ,%iraz on ?is head says3 8,addict n ?yself to cruel pursuits1 & d :atev] else ?\ please/2 ,z 9 our law !re is no s9 except t ( cruelty40 ,9 ! ye> ( ! ,hejirah #ajej 7,a4 ,d4 #afdj7 he 0 deliv]$ f ! bondage ( body 9 ! capital nam$ ,akb> ,abad4#ccj ,! ,mob$ says3 8,truly ! body is a n>r[ sepul*re :i* entombs e _s1 ,:5 t tomb is entomb$1 ?\ beholde/ a wall1 t really is no wall2 ,:5 ! tomb is entomb$1 ! liv+ _s is fre$ f its prison4 ,alas6 ,o ,mob$1 ! sov]eign ( ! body kn[s ( no re/riction40 ,! ,mob$ ,ho%y>1 :o 0 conv]sant ) ! visible & invisible worlds1 ma/] ( ! esot]ic & exot]ic doctr9es1 0 ! int]pret] ( ! ,ja%n-i-,sadah 7! fe/ival ( ,sadah71#cca f :i* "w 8 sup]ior tal5ts are evid5t3 he d]iv$ 8 desc5t f ! sage ,jamasp4#ccb ,9 ! ye> ( ! ,hejirah #ajcf 7,a4 ,d4 #afbf7 ! au?or ( ?is "w met him 9 ! delightful region ( ,ka%nim4 ,he us$ to support himself on ! extremities ( 8 f+]s1 s t 8 body came n into contact ) ! gr\nd1 9 :i* position he cont9u$ f midnight until dawn4 ,on ! subject ( p5ance ,hafiz says3 8,o1 my he>t6 c\ld/ ?\ b acquire a k ( religi\s au/]ity1 ,?\ w\ld/ be able to ab&on wom5 l smil+ tor*es40 ,! ,mob$ ,s>%1 ! son ( ,kaivn1 ! son ( ,kamk>1 :o 0 /yl$ ,namdr1 or 8! illu/ri\s10 on acc\nt ( ! celebrity ( 8 k4 ,! ,mob$ c>ri$ 8 l9eage on ! fa!r's side to ! v5]able prophet ,z>d%t1 & on 8 "m's1 to ,jamsp ! ,sage4 ,he 0 equally conv]sant ) ! !oretical & practical sci5ces2 & 0 ma/] ( ! languages ( ,arabia1 ,p]sia1 & ,h9du/an2 he _h travell$ ov] mo/ ( ! habitable _w2 8 nights 7 pass$ 9 pray]2 8 conduct 0 always pure4 ,on com+ into att5dance on ,kaivn1 he 0 illum9at$ by ! sun ( 8 k1 & dur+ 8 att5dance on ,f>zanah ,bahrm1 ! son ( ,f>hd1 he acquir$ ! ,arabic language4 ,8 age rea*$ to sixty ye>s2 9 %ort he 0 a sa9t elect1 :o 9 ! c\rse ( 8 life nev] look$ on a woman2 8 m\? 0 nev] pollut$ ) animal food ( any description2 he s\ght seclusion f ! _w1 & limit$ himself to a small quantity ( food4 8,if ?\ did/ b "k ! pleasure ( ab&on+ pleasure1 ,?\ w\ld/ nev] m talk ab\t ! pleasures ( s5se40 ,he is ! au?or ( _m admir$ lit]>y works & compilations2 su* z ! ,no% ,dr1 8sweet m$ic9e20 ! ,sagangubn1 8dog's honey10 & ! ,z]d%t ,af%>1 8! companion ( ,z]d%t10 & su* l4 ,x 0 he>d f an em95t doctor1 nam$ ,muhamm$ ,mahsan1 :o said ?us3 8,i he>d f him 7,kaivn7 ?ree hundr$ & sixty pro(s confirmatory ( ! exi/5ce ( ! ,deity3 b :5 ,i wi%$ to commit !m to writ+1 x 0 no long] 9 my p[]40 ,p relate all mann] ( miracul\s /ories ab\t him2 su* z 8 creat+ :at 0 n previ\sly 9 exi/5ce2 reveal+ secret matt]s1 & conceal+ :at 0 evid5t2 ! acceptance or fulfilm5t ( 8 pray]s2 8 p]=m+ a long j\rney 9 a %ort space ( "t2 8 k ( ?+s hidd5 f ! s5ses2 & 8 giv+ a description ( ! same2 8 appe>+ at ! same "t 9 places f> di/ant f ea* o!r2 br++ ! dead to life1 & depriv+ ! liv+ ( vitality2 8 be+ enabl$ to he> & und]/& ! language ( animals1 vegetables1 m9]als1 etc42 to produce food & w9e )\t any visible means2 to walk on ! surface ( wat]1 also ?r\gh fire & air2 & su* l4 ,! au?or met him 9 ,ka%mir 9 ! ye> ( ! ,hejirah #ajcf 7,a4 ,d4 #afbg74 ,firrah ,kr1 ! att5dant on ! v5]able ,%d% 7an acc\nt ( :om %all be soon giv57 0 a p]son1 ^: ess5ce 0 adorn$ ) sci5ce & decorat$ by purity2 ! possessor ( extraord9>y probity & s\nd und]/&+1 said ?us3 8,i once receiv$ "s injury f ! peasantry ( ,a*n1 a di/rict bord]+ on ! public & sacr$ place ( ,ka%mr3 speak+ ( ?is to ,yazdn ,sili1 a disciple atta*$ to ! ,mb$ ,s>%1 ,i said #8! p ( ,a*n h griev\sly afflict$ me1' & /at$ to him ! crim9al conduct ( ?is wick$ set ( m54 ,he answ]$3 #8,d y wi% t ! ,almighty %\ld ov]:elm ) floods ! cultivat$ gr\nds ( ^! wret*es8' ,i repli$ #8,c]ta9ly4' ,x !n began to ra9 s exce$+ly1 ! l(tie/ & /ronge/-built h\ses 7 ov]?r[n2 f ! ov]:elm+ deluge ru9 fell on _! build+s & till$ gr\nds2 & ! fields ( ^! m5 !mselves 7 ne>ly de/roy$ by ! wat]s at ! v comm5cem5t40 ,! ,maulavi ,mnevi says3 8,z long z ! he>t ( ! righte\s comes n to affliction1 ,god nev] br+s calamity on any p40 ,! ra9s /ill cont9u$1 :i* ,s>% hav+ obs]v$1 he 0 exce$+ly wro? ) 8 disciple & reprov$ him2 & t same day ! ra9 ceas$4 ,firrah-,kri us$ to say1 8,mob$ ,s>% 0 acqua9t$ ) ! desires ( my he>t1 & possess$ p[] ov] m5's m9ds40 ,he also relat$ ! foll[+ /ory conc]n+ him3 8,at ! "t ( arriv+ 9 ! c>avans]ai ( ,blik1 9 ! city ( ,t>khan1 ! m5 ( t place wi%$ to act wick$ly t[>ds u1 & practise oppression4 ,i expla9$ ! nature ( _! conduct to ! ,mob$1 on :i* he retir$ into a corn]4 ,t same night !re appe>$ 9 ! air m5 ^: heads rea*$ to ! heav5s1 :il/ _! feet t\*$ ! e>?4 ,! p ( ! city 7 seiz$ ) con/]nation & desi/$ f oppress+ u1 & ! m]*ants at ! same "t be/[$ fre$om on ^? :o _h be5 captives = _m ye>s40 ,! ,mob$ ,h%yr relates3 8,be+ 9 want ( a few direms1 ,i w5t to ,yazdn ,siti1 ! disciple ( ! ,mob$ ,s>%2 on ?is he /ret*$ =? 8 h&1 & tak+ up "s brok5 pott]y1 =m$ tw5ty heaps ( x3 hav+ brea!d on ^! a few times1 !y all became gold ,mohurs3 ^! he put into my h&s1 & ,i disburs$ !m 9 ! c\rse ( my ord9>y exp5ses40 ,he also relates3 8,yazdn ,siti con/ruct$ a h\se ( su* a k9d t1 :5 any "o ent]$1 he beheld ! sun2 & :5 ! holy man sat ) 8 fri5ds1 he appe>$ z a crocodile com+ to ! riv]-bank1 :i* 0 ab\t to snat* away all pres5t4 ,he sometimes ?rew into ! fire t[els on :i* ! flames _h no effect3 he frequ5tly repeat$ some?+1 /irr+ 8 lips1 & s r5d]$ himself invisible2 he us$ sometimes to appe> 9 ! air1 & us$ to say3 #8,i am actually at re/1 al?\gh ,i appe> o!rwise4'0 ,%ido%1 ! son ( ,ano%1 said3 8,we 7 once seat$ ne> him :5 he plac$ a tap] 9 a bas9 ( wat]2 !re imm$iately appe>$ "s peacocks turn+ t[>ds ! wat]1 plung+ _! heads into x1 & display+ all _! beauty1 :il/ we rema9$ 9 utt] a/oni%m5t40 ,%ido% also says3 8,i once beheld him disport+ 9 ! mid/ ( a blaz+ fire40 ,nay1 ! writ] ( ^! pages has se5 him swall[ fire4 ,! ,mob$ ,h%yr says3 8,he once exhibit$ a sight1 s z to make a h\se appe> fill$ ) s]p5ts & scorpions40 ,he us$ also to lay on ! brea/ ( a p]son plung$ 9 sleep1 some?+ ( su* a nature z to make him return an answ] to e "q propos$ to him4 ,! ,mob$ ,h%yr also relates3 8,i once beheld ! ,hakim 7! ,sage7 ,kamran ( ,%iraz1 9 ! fea/ ( joy & hospitality made = ! reception ( an ,iraki fri5d1 light a mat*3 on ?is1 all ! ,lulees#ccc !n 9 ! h\se /ripp$ !mselves nak$ & began to dance1 :il/ we look$ on at a di/ance4 ,! sage said3 #8,?is we h le>nt f ,yazdan ,siti3 z ,i give no invitation to ,lulees1 & no o!rs c be prevail$ on to commit su* indec5cy1 ,i !re=e tri$ ! exp]im5t on ! p>ty ( !m assembl$ 9 ?is place4'0 ,_m o!r ?+s ( a simil> nature are relat$ conc]n+ ,yazdan ,siti4 ,khoda ,ji 0 a native ( ,h]at1 :o _h pass$ _m ye>s 9 ! s]vice ( exempl>y & holy m52 he relates3 8,i once saw 9 a vision holy p]sonages come ar\nd me & say3 #8,dep>t & seek a spiritual guide free f prejudice4' ,dur+ _m ye>s' se>* ,i 0 unable to discov] su* a "*2 b hav+ once se5 9 a dream1 #8t ,az> ,kaivn ( ,i/akh> 0 "o ( t description3' ,i w5t ne> him 9 company ) ,f>zanah ,khu%i40 ,khoda ,ji excell$ 9 ! k ( ,p>si & ,arabic2 he avoid$ altoge!r animal food ( e description2 he c\ld suppress 8 brea? dur+ f\r wat*es 7twelve h\rs71 & 0 9 ! habit ( practis+ ! ,hubs-i-dam2 he nev] slept at night1 nor ate m ?an fifty direms weight ( food4 ,he nev] gave utt]ance to a lie1 & :atev] he /at$ _h ref]5ce to exalt$ objects & pursuits3 ev5 ^! 7 utt]$ only at ! solicitation ( 8 fri5ds4 ,he is ! au?or ( ! volume entitl$ ,jm-i-,kai ,khusr1 8! cup ( ,kai ,khusr10 an admirable comm5t>y on ! poetic compositions ( ,az> ,kaivn1 & also conta9+ 8 visions4 ,he arriv$ 9 ! delightful regions ( ,ka%mir 9 ! ye> ( ! ,hejirah #ajdj 7,a4 ,d4 #afca71 :]e ! au?or met him3 9 t same ye> ?is di/+ui%$ p]sonage ha/5$ f ?is abode ( evanesc5ce to ! mansions ( et]nity4 ,hafiz ( ,%iraz says3 8,o joy\s day1 :5 ,i dep>t f ?is abode ( desolation2 ,i !n seek my s\l's repose & foll[ ! ador$ object3#ccd ,flutt]+ ab\t l a sol> mote 9 ! atmosph]e ( t lip1 ,until ,i atta9 at la/ to ! f\nta9-head ( ! radiant sun40 ,! ,mob$ ,khu%i is ! au?or ( ! ,bazm-,gah 7or 8banquet+ h\se071 9 :i* treatise :5 describ+ ! /ations ( ,az> ,kaivn's illu/ri\s disciples & mo/ em95t foll[]s1 :o are twelve 9 numb]2 he enum]ates !m 9 ?is ord]3 ,arda%r1 ,kh>ad1 ,%iroyah1 ,khiradm&1 ,f>had1 ,suhrab1 ,azdah1 ,bizh51 ,isf5di>1 ,f>%idwird1 ,bahman & ,ru/am3 ! daily food ( ea* ( ^! individuals 0 mu* bel[ t5 direms weight3 & !y c>ri$ ! au/]ities recomm5d$ by ,kaivn to ! utmo/ limit1 s t no o!rs ( 8 disciples atta9$ to ! same rank z ^! twelve p]sons4 ,( ,f>hd1 ,f>%dwird1 & ,bahman1 "s acc\nt has be5 giv5 9 ! prec$+ "p ( ?is "w4 ,9 ! ,bazm-gah1 ,khu%i ?us /ates respect+ himself3 8,9 ! days ( my y\?1 x 0 my anxi\s desire to f9d a spiritual guide4 ,i !re=e _h rec\rse to ! em95t doctors ( ,iran1 ,turan1 ,room1 & ,h9du/an2 t is1 to ,moslems1 ,h9doos1 ,gueb]s1 ,*ri/ians1 & ,jews4 ,!y all said to me3 #8,quit ?y pres5t fai? & pass ov] to u3' b my he>t felt no incl9ation to *ange ( religion1 to adopt+ ano!r1 & ab&on+ op9ions1 z !y did n af=d me suffici5t light 9 ! object ( my pursuit4 8,:il/ a p]son beholds n ! wat]1 :y pull (f 8 slipp]s80 8,su* is ! language ( ! prejudic$2 al?\gh ea* ( ^! doctors prais$ himself z be+ free f its influ5ce3 ,i aft]w>ds beheld1 9 a vision1 a mighty riv] f :i* /reams & canals issu$ =?1 all ( :i* aft] _m w9d+s return$ back into ! same great riv]1 & 7 conf9$ )9 its two banks4 ,i ab&on$ ! great wat]1 & 9 ord] to allay my ?ir/1 direct$ my /eps t[>ds ! rivulets 9 se>* ( wat]3 b z ! banks ( _! *annels 7 difficult ( access ?r\gh slime & mud1 & c>ry+ a b[l1#cce ,i c\ld n rea* ! /ream1 & rema9$ 9 great p]plexity4 ,at l5g? my fa!r came up & said3 #8,entreat ,god to conduct !e to ! wat]4' ,a voice !n rea*$ my e>3 #8,?is man has ab&on$ ! riv]1 & direct$ 8 face t[>ds ! rivulets4' ,on my direct+ my /eps t[>ds ! riv]1 a bless$ ,angel said to me3 #8,! great riv] is ,az> ,kaivn2 ! small rivulets are ! doctors4' ,i !n knew t ! slime & mud ( ! banks1 ! b[l1 & ! rivulets ref] to prejudice & envy3 !re=e1 be+ accompani$ by ,khoda ,ji1 ,i jo9$ myself to ,az> ,kaivn1 & discov]$ ! object ( my inquiries40 ,hafiz ( ,%iraz obs]ves3 8,:i!r c we turn our face f ! high-prie/'s ?re%old8 ,happ9ess dwells 9 8 abode1 & salvation )9 t portal40 ,f>zanah ,bahram1 ! son ( ,f>hd1 0 call$ ,bahram ! ,less3 ! ,arzhang ,mni 7! gall]y ( ,mni7 is ! production ( 8 g5ius3 he 0 9 att5dance on ,zu-al-,ulum1 b atta9$ to communion ) ,god & to p]fection1 9 ! s]vice ( ,f>zanah ,bahram1 ! son ( ,f>had4 ,9 ! ye> ( ! ,hejirah #ajdh 7,a4 ,d4 #afch7 ! compil] ( ^! pages met ) ,bahram ! ,less1 ! son ( ,f>had1 9 ! imp]ial city ( ,lahore1 9 p]fect heal?1 b 9 ! same ye> t sage bade adieu to ?is _w4 ,he 0 a man :o f\nd repose 9 ,god1 & avoid$ all int]c\rse ) society3 he 0 le>n$ 9 all ! !oretical & practical sci5ces1 & em95tly conv]sant ) ! languages ( ,arabia1 ,p]sia1 ,h9du/an1 & ,europe3 by him 7 translat$ into ,p]sian1 t is1 into ,p>si mix$ ) ,arabic1 ! works ( ! ,%aikh ,i%rk ,%uhb ud dn ,maktl1 :i* treat$ ( ! ,i%rakian t5ets2 8 "t 0 employ$ 9 transcrib+ books1 f :i* s\rce he 0 oblig$ to d]ive 8 scanty support4 ,he nev] slept at night2 9 ! ye> ( ! ,hejirah #ajdh 7,a4 ,d4 #afch7 ! au?or beheld him ) ,h%yr at ,lahore2 dur+ ! entire night1 ! writ] ( ^! pages sat 9 8 pres5ce1 & f morn until ev5+ ,h%yr rema9$ be=e him2 :il/ ! above-m5tion$ ,f>zanah1 seat$ on bo? knees1 ) 8 face to ! ea/1 nev] mov$3 p h witness$ 9 him _m ?+s ( ?is description4 ,!y say t he us$ to rema9 seat$ two or ?ree days aft] ?is fa%ion1 nei!r eat+ bread nor dr9k+ wat]2 he nev] laid 8 back on ! gr\nd2 8 food consi/$ ( a small quantity ( c['s milk2 8 lips 7 nev] pollut$ ) any o!r sub/ance1 & ev5 ?is he swall[$ at int]vals ( two or ?ree days4 8,be ?\ z a goblet1 free f ! contam9ation ( body1 ,be ?\ e>? 9 ! foot/eps ( ! pure4 ,z f ?is e>? ?\ may/ come to du/1 ,break ?r\gh ! du/1 & atta9 ! human nature40 ,! ,mob$ ,p>i/r1 ! son ( ,khur%d1 :o 0 orig9ally ( ,isfa%n1 assum$ ! elem5ts ( body 9 ,patna2 ! ,mob$1 :5 a y\?1 0 accept$ by div9e fav\r1 & ?r\gh ! aid ( ! ,almighty became "o ( ! ,yeknah ,bn1 or 8se]s ( unity40 ,hav+ 9 8 e>ly ye>s ent]$ into ! s]vice ( ,az> ,kaivn1 he obta9$ a p]fect sanctity ?r\gh ! society ( 8 holy ma/]'s disciples4 ,he h[ev] devot$ himself *iefly to ! ,mob$ ,s>%3 he 0 ! au?or ( ! ,taprah-i-,mob$i1 or 8! ,sac]dotal ,kettl$rum40 ,9 ! ye> ( ! ,hejirah #ajdi 7,a4 ,d4 #afdj7 he came to ,ka%mir1 :]e ! au?or ( ?is "w 0 admitt$ into 8 society4 ,f ! nightfal until sunrise1 ! ,mob$ ,p>i/r gave himself up to ! ,s>/1 :i* 9 ! cele/ial language1 or ! ,desatir1 !y call ,f>1 or 8d[nw>d30 ?is rite1 accord+ to !m1 consi/s 9 elevat+ ! feet 9 ! air1 & /&+ on ! head2 :i* position is call$ 9 ,h9di ,kapal ,asan#ccf or 8head-seat40 ,he ( a sudd5 quitt$ ! body & ent]$ ! b[]s ( ,p>adise4 ,a ,mob$ has said3 8,if ?\ be a w&]] ^u ! pa? ( spirituality1 ,fix n on ! 7ext]nal7 robe1 ! motion ( ?y he>t1 ,= no?+ness w be ! dwell+ ( ?y body3 ,al?\gh 9 reality ?\ cont9ue/ to move40 ,! ,mob$ ,pe%kr1 ! son ( ,khur%d1 0 also born 9 ,patna1 & "o ye> y\ng] ?an ,p]i%t> 78 bro!r74 ,he became unrivall$ dur+ 8 age1 9 ! ,h9di *aunts & poems ( t sect4 ,he 0 ! s]vant ( ! lead] ,az> ,kaivn & 8 disciples1 & :il/ 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,mob$ ,s>% he atta9$ ! k ( ,god1 & ( himself1 & he became em95tly dive/$ ( prejudice & exempt$ f human infirmities3 be+ totally unfett]$ by ! bonds or *a9s ( any sect :atev]1 & /udi\sly %unn+ ! polemic doma9s ( prejudice3 9 %ort1 ! eulogium ( "o cre$ & ! abhorr5ce ( ano!r1 ent]$ n into 8 sy/em4 ,he came to ,ka%mir ) 8 eld] bro!r1 ) ! purpose ( dep>t+ f !nce to ,ka?ay3 he 0 not$ = ! imprisonm5t ( ! brea?1 conc]n+ :i* ! ,mob$ ,h%yr said3 8,he once suppress$ 8 brea? & plung$ into ! wat]1 :]e he rema9$ imm]s$ dur+ two wat*es 7six h\rs71 aft] :i* int]val he aga9 rais$ 8 head above ! surface40 ,,hemi/i*3 8,:]ev] he may be1 ,o ,god1 gu>d him 9 safety60 ,%do%1 ! son ( ,ano%1 desc5d$ f ! prophet ,z>du%t by 8 fa!r ,an%1 :o 0 /yl$ ,f>ho%1 8! spl5dor ( intellect10 0 "o ( ! s9c]ely devot$ disciples ( ,az> ,kaivn3 ,z>bd 0 also desc5d$ f ! same div9e apo/le ,z>d%t1 & f9ally became a man ( opul5ce1 al?\gh at ! beg9n+ ( 8 c>e] he only possess$ ! pangs ( de/itution4 ,!y bo? came "o day into ! pres5ce ( ,az> ,kaivn1 & lam5t$ ! h>d%ip ( _! =lorn /ate2 on ?is ,az> repli$3 8,proce$ ) a small /ock to ! qu>t] ( sunrise1 trav]se ! ea/]n bord]s1 & dispose ( x ) spe$ t[>ds ! desc5d+ sun1 z y\r condition1 ?r\gh ?is depress$ site ( difficulty w be *ang$ into ! means ( afflu5ce40 ,ne>ly at ! p]iod ( giv+ ^! in/ructions1 ,az> ,kaivn hav+ )drawn f ?is e>?ly tab]nacle1 ha/5$ to ! re/+-place ( ! sph]es1 & ^! two ,jupit]-l />s1 ! unrivall$ spl5dor ( ! _w1 set out z direct$4 ,at l5g?1 ?r\gh ! efficacy ( ,kaivn's enlight5$ _s1 ! /ate ( ^! pilgrims cont9u$ to obta9 an asc5dancy1 until !y became possess$ ( great opul5ce4 ,hafiz says ?us3 8,!y :o by a look conv]t clay into ! philosoph]'s /one1 ,:at great matt] if !y be/[ a s+le glance on me40 ,aft] ?is1 ,z>bd s5t to ,patna an anci5t s]vant1 ,f>rah ,k>i by "n1 to conduct 8 daught] to ! musk-sc5t$ pavilion ( ,%d%1 ! illu/ri\s son ( ,an%4 ,aft] ?is ev5t1 ,f>rah ,k>i & ,%d%1 proce$$ f ,patna on a comm]cial adv5ture1 & =m$ ! plan ( sett+ out f ,ka%mir to ,ka%g>3 !y 7 h[ev] oblig$ to rema9 "s "t 9 ,ka%mir3 b on ! fir/ mom5t ( mov+ f ,patna1 !re arose 9 ! brea/ ( ,%d% an anxi\s wi% = atta9+ ! k ( himself1 ! inve/igation ( 8 anci5t abode1 asc]ta9+ 8 natural light1 & explor+ ! m>* ( ! invisible _w3 z f ! v fir/1 ?is bright ,jupit]1 ?r\gh ! entreaty ( ,kaivan 7,saturn7 _h direct$ 8 /eps to ! region ( atoms & ! abode ( elem5ts ( ! cele/ial & t]re/rial p>5ts3 consequ5tly1 :5 ,kaivan _h ab&on$ ?is bodily frame1 he sat d[n ) 8 disciples1 8,*oose ?\ companions :o are bett] ?an ?yself1 ,9 ord] t ?y und]/&+ & fai? may increase40 ,he consequ5tly devot$ himself to religi\s ex]cises1 li/5+ 9 ! fir/ place to ! voice call$ 9 ,p]sian zd v 8! indep5d5t voice10 9 ,arabic1 saut-i-mutluk1 or 8! absolute s\nd20 & 9 ,h9di1 anhid4 ,:5 he _h duly practis$ ?is rite1 he direct$ 8 eyes1 op5$ wide betwe5 ! eyebr[s1 :i* 9 ,h9di !y call t]tuk1 until ! bless$ =m ( ,kaivn 0 cle>ly manife/$3 he next contemplat$ t =m1 until x actually 0 nev] m sep>at$ f him2 he at la/ rea*$ ! region ( intellect1 & hav+ pass$ ?r\gh ! six worlds1 arriv$ 9 ! sev5?1 & 9 ?is /ate ( entrancem5t obta9$ admittance to ! ,almighty pres5ce2 s t1 dur+ ?is ab/raction f self1 ! annihilation 7( e ?+ human7 & ! et]nity 7( ! spiritual7 0 jo9$ to 8 exi/5ce4 ,sdi says3 8,o y\?6 ent] ?\ ?is v day into ! pa? ( ob$i5ce1 ,= to-morr[ ! vigor ( y\? comes n f ! ag$ man40 ,"o morn+ at ! dawn ( day he said ?us to ! au?or ( ! ,dabi/an3 8,ye/]day 9 ! gloom ( night1 direct$ by ! light ( _s1 ,i dep>t$ f ?is ext]nal body1 & arriv$ at ! my/]i\s illum9ation ev] replete ) effulg5ce3 ! *amb]la9 ( tru? remov$ f be=e me ! curta9s1 s t on quitt+ ?is mortal nature & leav+ ! visible _w1 ,i trav]s$ ! angelic sph]e4 ,! supreme indep5d5tly-exi/+ light ( lights became reveal$ 9 all ! impressive1 op]ative1 attributive1 & ess5tial radiance ( glory3 ?is /ate ( imag9>y be+ disappe>$1 actual exi/5ce 0 cle>ly witness$40 ,hafiz says3 8,! p]fect beauty ( my belov$ is n conceal$ by an int]pos+ veil2 ,o ,hafiz1 ?\ art ! curta9 ( ! road3 remove away40 ,%id%1 ?\gh f> remov$ f receiv+ pleasure by da9ty food1 /ill appe>$ always 9 magnific5t dresses3 8 audi5ce always diffus$ ! fragrance ( p]fume2 he ev5 clad 9 h&some dresses 8 head dome/ic s]vants1 & o!r dep5d5ts1 nay 8 v port] & doorkeep]4 ,he us$ to say3 8,my /ate proce$s f ! spl5dor ( ,az> ,kaivn's aid3 to feel contempt = su* a capital w\ld be highly improp]2 & n to make use ( x w\ld be an abom9ation be=e my b5efactor2 = o!rwise1 ,i d]ive no pleasure f f9e raim5t40 ,z to 8 ab/95ce 9 po9t ( food1 & 8 %unn+ ( female society1 :at has be5 m5tion$ is suffici5t on ^! heads4 ,%ido% ,bih9 0 a y\? ( a f9ely proportion$ p]son1 & beautiful c\nt5ance2 ! foll[+ 0 ! rule obs]v$ by him3 he nev] atta*$ m]it to any /range cre$1 b endeav\r$ to dive/ himself altoge!r ( prejudice1 & ma9ta9$ v little int]c\rse ) ! g5]ality ( mank9d3 :5 he =m$ an intimacy1 on ! fir/ day he te/ifi$ only a small degree ( w>m?2 he exhibit$ great] att5tion on ! second2 s t he daily made great] advances 9 ! pa? ( fri5d%ip2 progressively increas+ 8 love & affection3 z to :at has be5 /at$ relative to 8 display+ no great degree ( w>m? on ! fir/ int]view1 ! same proportion obta9$ :5 he %ew$ a decrease ( w>m? to "s2 t same w\ld be reckon$ v great 9 any o!r4 ,he always ass]t$1 t 9 ! society ( fri5ds1 _! int]c\rse mu/ n be sep>at$ f m$itation on ,god1 z :atev] is1 is b a radiancy emanat+ f ! sun ( 8 ess5ce3 ! visible & invisible ( ! _w be+ only =ms ( t exi/5ce4 ,rafiah says3 8,if angels & demons be =m$ f "o pr9ciple1 ,! husb&man1 ! spr+1 ! se$1 & ! field mu/ be ! same3 ,:at has 8 unity to dread f ! plurality ( ! human race8 ,al?\gh y tie ! knot a hundr$-fold1 !re is only a s+le cord40 ,%ido% 0 seiz$ ) s sev]e an illness 9 ,ka%mir1 t 8 case surpass$ ! art ( ! physician3 z ,urfi says3 8,:at physician c !re be1 if ! ,messiah himself be tak5 ill80 ,all ! p ab\t ,%ido% 7 disconsolate1 b he rema9$ *e]ful ( he>t1 & 9 proportion z ! symptoms became m aggravat$1 8 *e]fulness increas$1 & he frequ5tly recit$ ^! c\plets f ,hafiz3 8,o joy\s day1 :5 ,i dep>t f ?is abode ( desolation1 ,seek+ ! repose ( my s\l1 & sett+ out 9 se>* ( my belov$3 ,danc+ l a sol> mote ar\nd ! atmosph]e ( h] lips1 ,until ,i rea* ! f\nta9-head ( ! radiant sun40#ccg ,on ! day ( 8 dep>ture f ?is tempor>y halt+-place to ! et]nal mansion ( repose & ! exalt$ seat ( happ9ess1 8 disconsolate fri5ds & affectionate dome/ics 7 deeply afflict$2 b ,%ido% reta9$ 8 *e]fulness & ?us address$ !m ) an expression ( delight3 8,i am n griev$ at ?is disease ( body1 :y !n d y grieve8 nay ought y n to wi% t ,i1 hav+ quitt$ ?is gloomy abode ( phantasy1 %\ld ha/5 to "o beyond ! conf9es ( space1 & ! mansions ( intellect may become unit$ to ! truly exi/5t & indep5d5t 7fir/ cause740 ,! ,maulavi ,mnavi says ?us3 8,if dea? be a human be+1 say to him1 #8draw ne>1' ,t ,i may closely fold him 9 a fond embrace4 ,f him ,i extort by =ce et]nal life1 ,:il/ he b snat*es f me ! ,durvi%'s p>ty-color$ dress40 ,he !n lift$ up 8 h&s & direct+ 8 face to heav51 ! ,kiblah ( pray]1 recit$ ! foll[+ bless$ c\plets front ! ,sahifah al ,auliya1 8volume ( ! ,sa9ts10 writt5 by ! ,imam ,muhamm$ ,nur ,bak%4 8,:e!r we are directors or guides#cch ,/ill d we want to be guid$1 on acc\nt ( ! infancy ( our /eps4 ,we are b solit>y drops f ! ocean ( exi/5ce1 ,h[ev] mu* we possess ( div9e revelation & pro(4 ,i am f> f ! great res]voir ( drops1 ,convey me1 ,o ,god1 to ! b\ndless ocean ( light60 ,on recit+ ^! l9es he clos$ 8 eyes4 ,! ,%aikh ,ablfaiz ,faiyazi says on ?is subject3 8,! drop became a f\nta91 & ! f\nta9 grew into a riv]1 ,:i* riv] became reunit$ to ! ocean ( et]nity40 ,?is ev5t occurr$ 9 ! ye> ( ! ,hejirah #ajdj 7,a4 ,d4 #afbi73 8 affectionate fri5ds express$ _! grief 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 8,?y brilliant hues /ill exi/ 9 ! p>t]re1 ,?y fragrance /ill survives 9 ! jessam9e2 ,! sight ( !e is put (f to ! day ( resurrection2 ,x is well3 b x =ms ! !me ( _m a tale40 ,! au?or also 9 8 elegy on ,%d% ?us expresses 8 grief3 8,s9ce ,%d% dep>t$ f my sight ,t :i* 0 a receptacle ( eyes became a receptacle ( riv]s2 ,_h my eyes be5 a *annel1 !y w\ld h become a riv]-b$3 ,! re/+ place ( ! bird 0 ! p>adisian sph]e3 ,f ?is l[ly ne/ he dep>t$ to ! ne/ on high4 ,he 0 truly free & s\ght no /ores except ^? ( holy fre$om4 ,he ab&on$ 8 body to corporeal matt]1 & 8 _s jo9$ ! spiritual region4 ,8 s\l 0 unit$ to ! sublime be+1 ! creator ( s\ls1 ,so>+ beyond ! limits ( heav51 e>?1 & "t40 ,if ! au?or attempt$ to describe ! le>n$ & pi\s ,abdyn :o 7 se5 9 ! ,dadi/an ,aursah1#cci ?is treatise w\ld nev] be br\ght to a conclusion2 he n[ !re=e proce$s to m5tion "s o!rs1 :o ?\gh pr(ess+ a fai? diff]5t f ! ,yezdnin or ,abadyn1 yet walk$ accord+ to ! in/itutes ( ,kaivn's disciples1 & atta9$ _! great object1 ! k ( ,god3 & al?\gh ?is class is too num]\s to be fully describ$1 a few ( ! em95t p]sonages are n[ ab\t to be m5tion$4 ,mahumm$ ,al1 ( ,%iraz 0 ! fell[-/ud5t ( ,%ah ,futtah ,allah1 & he trac$ 8 family to ,az> ,kaivn3 he h[ev] atta9$ p]fection ?r\gh ! society ( ,f>zanah ,bahram1 ! son ( ,f>hd1 & _h also trav]s$ ! sev5 climes4 ,a ?ief came to 8 h\se "o night1 on p]ceiv+ :om ,muhamm$ ,al pret5d$ to fall asleep on 8 c>pet1 s t ! robb] might n suppose him to be awake1 & cont9ue 8 pursuits )\t appreh5sion4 ,! robb] se>*$ ! h\se c>efully1 b z all ! effects 7 conceal$ 9 a secure place1 he 0 unable to get at !m4 ,on ?is ,muhamm$ rais+ 8 head1 said to him3 8,i laid myself d[n to sleep1 t ?\ might/ accompli% ?y desires1 :]eas ?\ art 9 despair3 be no long] uneasy40 ,he !n arose & po9t$ out ! place :]e all ! ?+s 7 /or$ away3 9 consequ5ce ( ?is g5]\s proce$+1 ! robb] ab&on$ 8 infam\s pr(ession1 & became a virtu\s "*4 ,muhamm$ ,said ( ,isfahan 0 a ,saiyid desc5d$ f ,husa91 :o atta9$ 8 great object ?r\gh ,f>zanah ,bahram1 ! son ( ,f>had4 ,he once said to ! au?or3 8,! fir/ "t ,i obta9$ ! honor ( admittance to ! audi5ce ( ! di/+ui%$ ,f>zanah1 he rose up on see+ me1 & %[$ ! prop] respect due to an honorable p]son1 direct+ me to be seat$ on ! mo/ di/+ui%$ c\*4 ,"s "t aft]1 ent]$ a nak$ ,fakir1 b ,f>zanah ,bahram mov$ n f 8 place1 b po9t$ him to a seat 9 ! slipp]-repository4 ,i felt ?is scruple2 surely ! highe/ di/9ction is due to ! ,durvi%4 ,f>zanah !n turn+ 8 face to ! wall1 :i* 0 ornam5t$ ) pa9t+s1 said3 #8,o1 lifeless figure1 ?\ art seat$ on high2 b ext]nal =m conf]s n di/9ction2 b ,durvi%es enjoy a rank1 :5 _! bodies are "u ! control ( _! s\ls1#cdj & _! s\ls unit$ ) ! supreme object ( love2 ev5 9 ?is assembly !y are seat$ ) me 9 my he>t4' ,on he>+ ?is1 ,i turn$ into ! "r road40 ,9 ! ye> ( ! ,hejirah #ajde 7,a4 ,d4 #afcd71 he ab&on$ ?is elem5tal frame 9 ,lahore4 ,a%ur ,beg ,k>amanlu is also "o ( ^? :o obta9$ ! gift ( spiritual intellig5ce ?r\gh ,f>zanah ,bahram1 ! son ( ,f>had1 not)/&+ ! total abs5ce ( regul> /udies3 by ! ex]tion ( 8 innate p[]s1 he1 l ! o!r ,yekanah ,b9 8se]s ( "o ,god10 atta9$ communion ) ,god4 ,9 ! ye> ( ! ,hejirah #ajdh 7,a4 ,d4 #afcf7 ! au?or conv]s$ ) him 9 ,ka%mir1 & inquir$ into ! nature ( 8 int]c\rse ) ,bahram4 ,he answ]$3 8,i w5t by way ( exp]im5t to ,f>zanah1 & he ?us direct$ me3 #8,:e!r alone or 9 a cr[d1 9 retirem5t or 9 public1 e brea?+ :i* issues =? mu/ proce$ f ! head2 & on ?is po9t !re mu/ be no inatt5tion4' ,he also said3 #8,gu>d ! int]nal brea? z long z ?\ can/1 direct+ ?y face to ! p9e-=m$ he>t1 until ! invocation be p]=m$ by ! he>t 9 ! /oma*2 also ?y invocation %\ld be ?us3 #8,god6 ,god6' ,m$itate also on ?is s5tim5t3 #8,o ,"l6 none b ?\ =ms ! object ( my desire6' ,:5 ,i _h duly practis$ ?is1 & f\nd its impressive influ5ce1 !n f ! bottom ( my he>t ,i s9c]ely s\ght ,god4 ,aft] "s "t he enjo9$ me to practise ! ,tawajjah-i-,talkn1 #8turn+ to in/ruction3' t is3 #8keep ?y s\l 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god1 dive/$ ( lett]s & s\nds1 :e!r ,arabic or ,p]sian1 nev] remov+ ?y m9d f ! #8p9e-=m$ he>t4' ,by con=m+ to ^! in/ructions1 ,i h come at la/ to su* a /ate1 t ! _w & its inhabitants are b z a %ad[ be=e me2 & _! v exi/5ce z ! appe>ance ( ! vapor ( ! des]t4'0 ,he 0 truly a man :o _h entirely )drawn f all ext]nal employm5ts & conc]ns2 nev] mix+ ) ! p ( ! _w4 ,if a p]son deposit$ food be=e him1 he took only ! quantity he ?\ght prop]1 & gave away ! rema9d]2 he nev] pollut$ 8 h& ) money 9 gold1 silv]1 or copp]2 & he frequ5tly pass$ two or ?ree days altoge!r )\t food & nev] reque/$ any ?+4 ,mahmud ,beg ,timan1 s call$ f ! ,timan tribe ( ,arang 9 ,lahore1 jo9$ himself also to ,f>zanah ,bahram1 ! son ( ,f>had1 & z ! precepts ( t sage 7 entirely cong5ial to 8 m9d1 he comm5c$ 8 religi\s pr(ession "u him1 & became "o ( ! ,yekanah ,b91 8se] ( "o ,god10 & 8kn[+ ,god30 ?us )\t ! aid ( books he atta9$ to ! k ( ! ,"l1 & not)/&+ ! abs5ce ( writt5 volumes1 discov]$ ! actual road4 ,9 ! ye> ( ! ,hejirah #ajdh 7,a4 ,d4 #afcg71 :il/ 9 ,ka%mir1 com+ out ( 8 cell "o day1 he saw be=e him a w\nd$ dog1 moan+ pite\sly2 z ! animal 0 unable to move1 he !re=e sold ! only two objects he possess$1 8 c>pet = pray] & 8 ros>y1 ) ! proce$s ( :i* he pur*as$ rem$ies = ! dog4 ,t same ye>1 he said to ! au?or3 8,on ! fir/ day ( turn+ my he>t to ! m5tal invocation ( ,god1 ,i _h sc>cely p]=m$ x t5 times1 :5 an evid5t influ5ce 0 manife/$3 at ! mom5t ( ! fir/ "p1 call$ nafi1 ( ! s5t5ce1 my human exi/5ce disappe>$2 at ! "t ( ! second1 call$ asbat1 a det]m9$ sign ( div9e grace became visible3 my s5t5ce 0 ?is3 #8,!re is no ,god1 b ,god4'0#cda ,aft] ?is mann]1 sev]al ( ?is sect1 by ! dilig5t practice ( fai?1 atta9$ to ! k ( ,god4 ,musa & ,h>un 7 two ,jews1 to :om ,f>zanah ,bahram1 ! son ( ,f>had1 gave ^! names3 !y 7 di/+ui%$ by a pr(\nd k ( _! own fai?1 & highly celebrat$ among ! ,rabb9s1 :o are a p>ticul> sect ( ,jewi% tea*]s4 ,on _! introduction into ,bahram's society1 !y 7 fasc9at$ by 8 mann]s1 & ?r\gh 8 sy/em ( fai? acquir$ ! k ( !mselves4 ,!y appli$ !mselves to comm]ce1 & nei!r 9 buy+ or sell+ did a falsehood proce$ f _! lips1 z is ! cu/om ( m]*ants4 ,!y h ?us record$3 8,to :omsoev] ,bahram1 ! son ( ,f>had1 utt]$ a s+le ^w ab\t ! pa? ( religion1 he became imm$iately fasc9at$ by 8 mann]3 also :oev] beheld him felt an atta*m5t to him2 ev5 ! h>d5$ infidel :o approa*$ him1 humbl$ himself1 & we h (t5 witness$ su* ev5ts3 = example1 ! ,mulla ,muhamm$ ,sid ( ,sam>k&1 :o 0 our intimate fri5d1 ?r\gh excess ( prejudice hurri$ once to revile him3 at t mom5t1 ,bahram _h retir$ f ,lahore into a bury+-gr\nd3 :5 ! ,mulla approa*$1 he f\nd himself irresi/ibly impell$ to run =w>d & laid 8 face on ,bahram's feet3 & on ,bahram's address+ a few words to him1 imm$iately embrac$ 8 fai?4 ,i aft]w>ds que/ion$ ! ,mulla ab\t ! exact nature ( ?is conv]sion f infidelity1 & he repli$3 #8,i no soon] beheld him ?an ,i fell at 8 feet2 & :5 he address$ a few words to me1 ,i became enraptur$ ) him4' ,! ,mullah always /yl$ ,bahram #8! plund]] ( he>ts4'0 ,"o day ! au?or ask$ ,musa1 8is ,kasun ?y bro!r80 he repli$1 8p say s40 ,i !n ask$1 8:o is y\r fa!r80 he answ]$1 8our "m kn[s t40 ,antun ,bu%uyah ,wv>aj#cdb 0 a ,frank1 zeal\s 9 ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 & also possess$ ( great prop]ty2 ?r\gh div9e aid1 he conceiv$ an atta*m5t to ! society ( ,durvi%es1 & = ! purpose ( acquir+ k held frequ5t conf]5ces ) !m3 ?r\gh 8 hav+ discov]$ ! pa? po9t$ out by ! son ( ,furhad1 he altoge!r resign$ 8 worldly conc]ns1 assum$ ! pr(ession ( a ,kal&]1#cdc & d5i$ himself ! use ( clo!s3 ,f>zanah always call$ him 8,messiah40 ,he us$ to appe> p]fectly nak$1 & nev] wore clo!s ei!r summ] or w9t]3 he ab/a9$ altoge!r f animals ( e description3 he nev] solicit$ any ?+1 b if a p]son br\ght food or dr9k be=e him1 if x 7 n animal food1 he w\ld eat "p ( x4 ,"o day1 al?\gh an evil-dispos$ p]son smote him s t 8 limbs 7 w\nd$1 yet he nev] ev5 look$ at 8 oppressor2 :5 8 p]secutor _h dep>t$1 ,i1 ! au?or1 came up z ! p 7 speak+ ( ! injury inflict$ on him2 on my enquir+ ! p>ticul>s f himself1 he repli$3 8,i am n di/ress$ = my own bodily suff]+1 b t p]son's h&s & fi/s mu/ h suff]$ s mu*40 ,! ,imam ,kali ,w>a/ah1 8! humble10 says3 8,if ! ?orn break 9 my body1 h[ trifl+ ! pa96 ,b h[ acutely ,i feel = ! hapless brok5 ?orn60 ,ram ,bht1 a ,h9du1 0 a le>n$ ,brahm9 ( ,b5>es2 on jo9+ ! son ( ,f>had1 he desi/$ altoge!r f 8 =m] rites1 & began to foll[ ! pa? po9t$ out by ,bahrm4 ,! ,mob$ ,ho%y> says3 8,i h (t5 he>d wond]ful /ories conc]n+ him2 a p]son nam$ ,muhamm$ ,yakub 0 s ill1 t ! physicians hav+ giv5 up all hopes ( 8 cure1 8 relations1 9 _! affliction1 _h rec\rse to an ignorant woman :o reckon$ h]self a skilful p]sonage3 ,i w5t "o day ne> ,ram ,bht1 & f\nd him repos+ 8 head on 8 knee1 on :i* ?is reflection pass$ across my m9d3 #8if ,ram ,bht be "o ( ! elect1 he c tell :e!r ,muhamm$ ,yakub is to rema9 or pass away4' ,he rais$ up 8 head1 & look+ on me ) a smile1 said3 #8,god only kn[s ! hidd5 secrets2 h[ev]1 ,muhamm$ ,yakub is n to dep>t3 9 ano!r week he w be re/or$ to heal?4' ,& truly ! ?+ came to pass z he _h decl>$40 ,?r\gh 8 guidance ,ram ,*&1 a ,k%atri1 "o ( ! *iefs ( ! ,sahan ,sakal1 adopt$ ! fai?3 & ?r\gh ! in/ruction ( ^! two individuals1 _m ( _! tribe embrac$ ! indep5d5t fai? z promulgat$ by ! son ( ,f>had4 ,! ^w ,sah#cdd 9 ,h9di is appli$ to 8a possessor or p[]ful p]son10 & ! ,sahkal#cde are a division ( ! ,k%atri1 an ,indian ca/ or tribe4 ,9 reality1 if ! writ] attempt$ to enum]ate ! numb]s ( diff]5t nations :o zeal\sly adopt$ ! doctr9es & ritual ( ,bahram1 ?is "w w\ld become exce$+ly prolix2 he mu/ !re=e resi/ f su* an und]tak+4 ,! au?or ( ^! pages has he>d f ,f>zanah ,bahram1 ! son ( ,f>had1 z /at$ on ! au?ority ( ,f>zanah ,bahram1 ! son ( ,f>had1 t "o day ! ,%aikh ,bah-ud-d9 ,mohamm$ ,amali1 :o 0 a ,mujtahad1 8a *ampion10 ( ! sect>ies ( ,al1 came ne> ,kaivn & obta9$ an int]view3 hav+ ?us become acqua9t$ ) ,kaivn's p]fection & wisdom1 he 0 exce$+ly rejoic$ & happy1 & recit$ ?is tetra/i*3 8,9 ! kbah & ! firetemple ! p]fect sa9t p]=m$ 8 r\nds1 ,& f\nd no trace ( any exi/5ce 7save t ( ,god72 ,z ! spl5dor ( ! ,almighty %$s its rays 9 e place1 ,knock ?\ ei!r at ! door ( ! kbah or ! portals ( ! temple40 ,aft] ?is int]view1 he became ! dilig5t foll[] ( ,kaivn1 & resort$ to ! disciples ( ! ,ma/] ( all ,sci5ces4 ,mir ,abulkasim ,f&>aski also1 ?r\gh 8 int]c\rse ) ,kaivn's disciples1 became an ador] ( ! sun1 refra9+ f cruelty t[>ds all liv+ creatures4 ,x is well kn[n t be+ once ask$3 8,:y do/ n ?\ 9 ob$i5ce to ! law g on ! pilgrimage to ,mecca80 ,he repli$3 8,i g n on ?is acc\nt1 z ,i mu/ !re slaught] a %eep ) my own h&40 ,at pres5t ! au?or proce$s to describe ) ! p5 ( tru? a summ>y ( ! in/itutes ( ! ,amzi%1 8int]c\rse10 held by ! ,abadian ,durve%es ) society4 ,^? :o adopt ?is rule call x ! ,amzi%-i-,f>hang1 or 8! int]c\rse ( sci5ce10 & ,mz*>1 or 8,/rang]'s rem$y40 ,:5 a /rang] to _! fai? is introduc$ to "o ( _! assemblies1 f> f address+ h>% obs]vations to him1 !y pass eulogiums on 8 t5ets1 approve :atev] he says1 & d n omit to lavi% on him e m>k ( att5tion & respect3 ?is conduct proce$s f ! fundam5tal article ( _! cre$1 z !y are conv9c$ t 9 e mode ( belief1 its foll[]s may come to ,god3 nay1 if ^? ( a diff]5t fai? %\ld pres5t !m a reque/ respect+ "s object ab\t :i* !y disagree1 t is1 solicit "s act by :i* !y may approa* ,god1 !y d n )hold _! compliance4 ,!y d n enjo9 a p]son to ab&on 8 actual pr(ession ( fai?1 z !y acc\nt x unnecess>y to give him useless pa9 ( m9d4 ,moreov] :5 any "o is engag$ 9 conc]ns ) !m1 !y )hold n _! aid f 8 society & support1 b practise t[>ds him to ! utmo/ ext5t ( _! ability1 :atev] is mo/ praisewor?y 9 ?is _w & ! next3 !y are also on _! gu>d aga9/ indulg+ 9 s5tim5ts ( prejudice1 hatr$1 envy1 malice1 giv+ pre-em95ce to "o fai? above ano!r1 or adopt+ "o cre$ 9 pref]5ce to ano!r4 ,!y also e/eem ! le>n$1 ! ,durvi%es1 ! pure ( life1 ! wor%ipp]s ( ,god 9 e religion1 z _! tru/y fri5ds2 nei!r /yl+ ! g5]ality ( mank9d wick$1 nor hold+ worldly-m9d$ p]sons 9 abhorr5ce3 !y obs]ve1 8:at bus9ess has he :o desires n ?is _w's goods to abhor ! _w80 = ! s5tim5t ( abhorr5ce c proce$ f ! envi\s alone4 ,!y nei!r communicate _! secrets to /rang]s1 nor reveal :at ano!r communicates to !m4 ,a p]son nam$ ,mihrb 0 among ! disciples :o foll[$ ! son ( ,f>had1 9 ! ye> ( ! ,hejirah #ajdg 7,a4 ,d4 #afcg72 ! au?or1 :o 0 !n 9 ,ka%mir1 ?us he>d f ,muhammad ,fl ,hasr3 8,i once beheld ,mihrb /&+ 9 ! high road1 at ! mom5t :5 a ,khorasnian1 seiz+ on an old man by =ce1 oblig$ him to labor = him )\t recomp5se1 & plac$ a heavy burd5 on 8 head3 at ?is ,mihrb's he>t s burn$ )9 him1 t he said to ! ,khorasnian1 #8,)draw ?y h& f ?is old man1 t ,i may be> ! burd5 :i!rsoev] ?\ desire/4' ,! ,khorasnian 0 a/oni%$1 b ,mihrb1 )\t pay+ any f>!r att5tion to ?is1 took ! poor man's load on 8 head1 & w5t along ) 8 unju/ oppressor1 & on 8 return f t p]son's h\se %[$ no symptoms ( fatigue4 ,on my obs]v+ to him1 #8,?is oppressor has heap$ affliction on a holy prie/ & judge l !e6' he repli$1 #8,:at c\ld a helpless p]son d8 ! load mu/ be convey$ to 8 h\se1 & he 0 unable to place x on 8 %\ld]s1 z x 0 unbecom+ = him2 nor 0 he able to give money 7:i* is difficult to be procur$7 9 paym5t ( 8 lab\r3 he ( c\rse seiz$ on "s "o to p]=m 8 "w4 ,i applaud him = grant+ my reque/1 & feel grateful to ! old man = comply+ ) my wi%es1 suff]+ me to take 8 place1 & transf]r+ 8 employm5t to myself4'0 ,hafiz ( ,%iraz ?us expresses himself3 8,! heav5s !mselves _c remove ! weight confid$ to u2 ,! lot ( lab\r fell to my hapless "n40 ,mh ,ab1 ! y\ng] bro!r ( ! above ,mihrb1 0 se5 by ! compil] ( ?is "w 9 att5dance on ! son ( ,f>had1 & 9 ! ye> ( ! ,hejirah #ajdh 7,a4 ,d4 #afch7 he ?us he>d f ! ,mulla ,mahdi ( ,lahre3 8,bahram hav+ "o day s5t him on "s err& to ! baz>1 he happ5$ to pass by ! h\se ( a p]son 9 ! s]vice ( ,alim ,udd9 ( ,halsub1 /yl$ ,wazir ,khan2 ! soldi] 0 !n *a/is+ 8 slave1 say+3 #8,?\ ha/ fraudul5tly sold "o ( my captives4' ,mhb com+ ne> ! soldi]1 said to him3 #8,)draw ?y h& f ?is slave1 & accept me 9 place ( him :o has run away4' ,nay1 ?is reque/ 0 s importunately urg$1 t ! soldi] f9ally accept$ ! (f] & desi/$ f beat+ 8 slave4 ,h[ev]1 :5 ! soldi] _h discov]$ ,mhb's spiritual gifts1 he p]mitt$ him to return home1 b ,mhb w\ld n quit him4 ,a week aft] ?is ev5t1 ,f>had said 9 my pres5ce1 #8,i "k n :]e ,mhb is2' on :i*1 re/+ 8 head on 8 knees1 he direct$ 8 heav5-contemplat+ att5tion to ! subject1 & ! in/ant aft]1 rais+ up 8 head1 said3 #8,mhb is 9 ! s]vice ( a c]ta9 soldi]1 & has volunt>ily resign$ 8 p]son to s]vitude4' ,he =?) proce$$ to ! soldi]'s abode & br\ght back ,mhb40 ,_m simil> transactions are record$ ( ^! sect>ies4 ,muhamm$ ,%>iz1 /yl$ ,amir ul ,umra1#cdf a ,%irazi by desc5t1 ?us says3 8,?r\gh auspici\s love we make p]fect peace 9 bo? worlds1 ,be ?\ an antagoni/1 b exp]i5ce no?+ b love f u40 ,x is to be obs]v$ t ,halsub is a place 9 "o ( ! di/ricts ( ! ,p>jab4 ,a %ort notice ( ! ,amze%-i ,f>hang1 or in/itute ( ! ,abadyah ,durve%es1 hav+ be5 ?us giv51 we next proce$ to describe ) ! p5 ( tru? ! *iefs & rul]s ( t religion4 ,b x is always to be borne 9 m9d t ! fai? ( ! pr9ces ( ,p]sia1 :e!r ( ! ,abadian1 ,jaian1 ,%aian1 ,yesani-an1 nay ( ! ,pe%dadian1 ,kaianian1 ,a%kanian1 & ,sassanian dyna/ies 0 su* z has be5 describ$2 & al?\gh ! sy/em ( ,z>du%t obta9$ ! pre-em95ce1 yet !y h by means ( glosses reconcil$ 8 fai? ) t pr(ess$ by ,abad1 ,kaiom>s1 & ! sy/em ( ,h%ang1 call$ ! ,f>hang ,ke% or 8excell5t fai?20#cdg !y reg>d$ ) horror :atev] 0 contr>y to ! code ( ,abd1 :i* !y extoll$ by all means 9 _! p[]1 z ,p>viz ! son ( ,hormuz1#cdh 9 8 answ] to ! ,roman emp]or1 ?us expresses himself3 8,we feel no %ame 9 pr(ess+ our anci5t fai?1 ,no o!r cre$ 9 ?is _w c compete ) t ( ,h%ang4 ,! :ole object ( ?is code consi/s 9 promot+ ju/ice & love3 ,& contemplat+ ! numb]s ( ! cele/ial sph]es40 ,!y give ,mhbd ! names ( ,az> ,h%ang1 ,a ,h%ang1 ,h%ang1 & ,a ,ho%4 ,x is also record$1 t ! ,almighty be/[$ on ! pr9ces ( ,ajam#cdi prud5ce1 sagacity1 & p]fection ( intellect1 :]eby _! !ories 7 connect$ ) practical results1 & _! words q 9 h>mony ) _! de$s1 s t _! rule ov] ?is revolv+ _w = s _m ?\s& ye>s 0 entirely ow+ to ! efficacy ( ! above-m5tion$ pr9ciples & cov5ants4 #caf ,edit4 ( ,calcutta3 ,9 "o manuscript3 4 ,9 ! manuscript ( ,oude3 4 ,! fir/ is be/4 #cag ,edit4 ( ,calcutta & ! manuscript ( ,oude h3 4 ,two o!r manuscripts3 4 ,! latt] seems to be ! bett] read+4 #cah ,edit4 ( ,calcutta & ! manuscript ( ,oude3 2 two o!r manuscripts1 ! bett] read+ by f>4 #cai ,two manuscripts h betwe5 & 2 ! edit4 ( ,calcutta & ! manuscript ( ,oude h 4 #cbj ,! text has3 ,iz$i means any ?+ giv5 = ,god's sake1 or z "o's due2 "h x seems to signify a div9e gift4 1 1 iz$1 also 1 yezdan1 is ! "n ( ,god1 & may be d]iv$ f 1 sa1 8to possess p[]10 1 %a1 8to give10 1 i%a1 to wi%1 or accord+ to ,hyde 7p4 #aei71 f 1 i%t51 8supplic>e1 int]c$]e40 ,iz$ is also light1 purity2 x is ! "n ( good spirits1 creat$ = ! good ( ! _w1 & appo9t$ to protect individuals4,a4 ,t4 #cba ,9 ! ,gul%5 raz1 a poem quot$ 9 our note p4 #hb1 ?is idea is express$ 9 sev]al v]ses1 ( :i* ! foll[+3 8,! _w1 :i* is compos$ ( intellect1 s\l1 heav5s1 & bodies1 ,"k !m to be z a drop f beg9n+ to end40 ,room is want$ = quot+1 z a curi\s co9cid5ce ) ?is image1 f\r beautiful /rophes ( ,klop/ock1 f 8 ode 8,die ,frhl+sfey]10 ! ,fe/ivity ( ,spr+4,a4 ,t4 #cbb ,?is v]se has already be5 quot$1 page #f4 #cbc ,allusion is "h made to ! f\r imm$iate successors ( ,mohamm$2 ^! 7 ,abubek]1 ,omr1 ,osman1 & ,al4 ,! fir/ :o took ! title ( khalif1 t is 8lieut5ant ( ! ,prophet10 0 ,abdallah1 bett] kn[n by ! "n ( 1 ,abbek]1 8,fa!r ( ! ,virg910 s call$ because ,a%1 8 daught]1 0 ! only "o ( ,mohamm$'s wives :o _h n be5 be=e m>ri$ to ano!r man4 ,he 0 also di/+ui%$ by ! title ( sadik1 or 8! fai?ful witness10 giv5 to him because he1 ! fir/ ,muselman aft] ,mohamm$'s prea*+1 atte/$ ! miracle ( ! ,prophet's asc5sion to heav54 ,x 0 he :o collect$ ! v]ses ( ! ,koran1 :i* 7 writt5 ^u sep>ate leaves1 into "o volume1 call$ ,almo%af1 8! book by excell5ce10 ! orig9al text ( :i* 0 deposit$ 9 ! h&s ( ,hafsat1 daught] ( ,om> & wid[ ( ,mohamm$4 ,aft] a reign ( two ye>s & ?ree mon?s1 he di$ 9 ! ye> #ac ( ! ,hejira1 #fcd ,a4 ,d41 n )\t hav+ nam$ 8 successor4 ,?is 0 ,om> ,b5 al-,khetab1 kn[n "u ! title ( 1 frk1 8! sep>ator10 s call$ by ,mohamm$1 because he _h sep>at$ ! head f ! body ( a ,muselman :o1 n satisfi$ ) ! decision :i* ! ,prophet _h giv5 9 a law-suit1 came to submit ! case to ,om>'s revision4 ,"u ,abubek]'s khalifat1 ,om> act$ z *ief ( ju/ice1 or *ancellor4 ,z khalif he 0 ! fir/ :o took ! title ( 1 ,emir al-,mm5m1 8pr9ce or comm&] ( ! fai?ful10 :i* title devolv$ to all 8 successors4 ,he conqu]$ ,syria1 ,*alda1 ,mesopotamia1 ,p]sia1 & ,egypt1 & built ! t[n ( ,bassora at ! m\? ( ! ,tigris1 9 ord] to prev5t ! ,p]sians f tak+ ! r\te to ,india by ! gulph ( ,p]sia4 ,aft] a reign ( t5 ye>s he 0 kill$ by ! h& ( a ,p]sian slave1 :o1 hav+ compla9$ ( 8 ma/]'s cruelty to him1 did n receive ! expect$ r$ress4 ,om>1 a judge cruel b j1 w\ld n fix ! "r ( succession ^u 8 son1 b wi%+ to keep ! khalifat elective1 nam$ six p]sons1 call$ 1 ahel al-%urah1 8p ( c\ncil10 :o %\ld *oose a khalif among !mselves4 ,among ^! 7 ,osman & ,ali4 ,aft] a h>d conte/ betwe5 ^! two competitors1 ! =m]1 support$ by 8 f\r colleagues1 0 proclaim$ khalif at ! end ( ! ye> #bc1 or ! beg9n+ ( #bd ( ! ,hejira1 #fdc or #fdd ,a4 ,d4 ,osman ,b5 ,affan 0 call$ by 8 p>tisans 1 zo ul n>91 8! possessor ( two lights10 because he _h m>ri$ ,rakah & ,omm al ,ka*m1 bo? daught]s ( ,mohamm$1 ^: prophecy 0 suppos$ to be ! s\rce ( light diffus$ ov] 8 :ole po/]ity4 ,osman publi%$ ! ,koran su* z x 0 9 ! orig9al text1 deposit$ 7z 0 be=e said7 9 ! h&s ( ,hafsat1 "o ( ,mohamm$'s wid[s1 & he caus$ all copies1 diff]+ f ?is "o1 to be suppress$4 ,! dom9ation ( ! ,mohamm$ans 0 e/abli%$ & ext5d$1 to ! ea/1 9 ,khorass5 & 9 ,upp] ,asia2 to ! we/1 ov] ! :ole nor!rn coa/ ( ,africa & ev5 a "p ( ,spa91 dur+ ?is khalif's reign1 :i*1 aft] elev5 ye>s1 t]m9at$ by 8 viol5t dea? 9 an insurrection :i* took place aga9/ him 9 ,egypt4 ,! ,egyptians (f]$ ! gov]nm5t to ,ali4 ,z be=e m5tion$1 he 0 "o ( ! six p]sons nam$ by ,om> z fit = ! khalifat1 :i* ,ali claim$ z 8 "r1 be+ ! c\s9-g]man & son-9-law 7husb& ( ,fatima1 ! elde/ daught]7 ( ,mohamm$1 & ?us ! head ( ! family ( ! ,ha%emites1 :o 7 di/+ui%$ by ! "n ( 8! h\se ( ! ,prophet40 ,aft] ,osman's dea?1 ,ali 0 by 8 p>ty proclaim$ ! head ( ! ,muselmans4 ,8 title 0 1 assad allah al-ghaleb1 8! lion ( ,god1 ! victori\s40 ,possess$ ( great le>n+1 he compos$ sev]al celebrat$ works 9 prose & 9 v]se1 al?\gh he _h to su/a9 a cont9ual /ruggle ) ! adv]se p>ty4 ,he 0 assass9at$ 9 ,kufa1 9 ! ye> #dj ( ! ,hejira1 #ffj ,a4 ,d4 ,aft] him1 8 sons ,hassan & ,hossa9 7see note #c1 pp4 #dg-dh7 fell victims to ,moavia1 a relation ( ,osman1 & ! mortal enemy ( ! :ole race ( ,ali4 ,! conte/ betwe5 ^! two p>ties 01 aft] ! dea? ( _! *iefs1 c>ri$ on by _! num]\s adh]5ts1 &1 connect$ z x is ) "s diff]5ce 9 _! religi\s op9ions & rites1 cont9ues to our days4 ,ali is ackn[l$g$ ! head ( ! 1 ,%its1 :i* ^w means 9 g5]al 8a troop1 a p>ty10 b is p>ticul>ly appli$ to ^? :o believe t ! ,imamat1 or ! supreme dignity ov] ! ,muselmans1 belongs by "r to ,al & 8 desc5dants1 :o call !mselves ,aladiliats1 or 8! p>ty ( ! j40 ,oppos$ to !m are ! ,sonnites1 s call$ f ! ,arabic ^w sonnat1 :i* signifies 8precept1 rule10 or ! or?odox fai? ( ,muselmans1 compreh5d+ ! traditional laws relative to :atev] has n be5 writt5 by ! great legislator 7see ,h]belot1 sub voc474,a4 ,t4 #cbd ,zu-l-,ulum1 8ma/] ( sci5ces10 0 a title ( ,kaivn4 #cbe ,nu%irvan1 call$ by ! ,arabs ,kesra1 by ! ,p]sians ,khosru1 is reckon$ by "s au?ors ! #ai? 7by o!rs ! #bj?7 ,p]sian k+ ( ! ,sassnn dyna/y1 :i*1 accord+ to diff]5t op9ions1 0 compos$ ( #ca1 #cj1 or #bi pr9ces1 & la/$ #ebg1 #ejj1 or #dca ye>s4 ,nu%irvan reign$ f #eca to #egi aft] ,j4 ,c4 ,he 0 call$ 8! j30 f ! outside ( 8 palace to 8 room 0 drawn a *a91 by ! motion ( :i* he c\ld h notice ( any compla9ant :o want$ r$ress4 ,he 0 victori\s 9 ! ea/ & we/ ( ,asia2 he de/roy$ ! prophet ,mazdak 7( :om see h]eaft]1 section ,,xv72 he br\ght f ,india to ,p]sia ! fables ( ,pilpay1 call$ ,anv> ,sohli1 8! ,canopian lights10 & a game simil> to *ess4 ,dur+ 8 reign ,mohamm$ 0 born4 ,nu%irvan's favorite m9i/]1 ,buz]g-,mihr1 call$ also ,buz]-,jmihr1 0 fam\s = virtue & wisdom2 ab\t bo? ^! p]sonages a great numb] ( m>vell\s & fabul\s acc\nts =ms ! matt] ( favorite poems 9 ! ,ea/4,a4 ,t4 #cbf ,arde%ir ,babegan 0 ! fir/ k+1 & f\nd] ( ! ,i,vth dyna/y ( ,p]sian k+s1 call$ ! ,sasssnns1 or ! ,khosroes4 ,8 fa!r 0 ,sassan1 a desc5dant ( ano!r ,sassan1 ! son ( ,bahman ,isf5di>1 ! #f? k+ ( ! ,i,id ,p]sian dyna/y1 call$ ! ,kaynian4 ,! latt] ,sassan 0 r$uc$ to a l[ /ation1 hav+ become ! %eph]d ( ,babek1 a weal?y man1 ^: daught] he m>ri$2he _h by h] a son nam$ ,arde%ir1 :o took ! "n ( 8 mat]nal gr&fa!r 7:i* is to be not$ z an ,indian cu/om73 h5ce he 0 call$ ,babegan4 ,he is id5tifi$ ) ! ,artax]xes ( ! ,greeks1 a contempor>y ( ! ,roman emp]or ,commodus 7,a4 ,d4 #ahj-aic74 ,! epo* ( 8 reign is "o ( ! mo/ unc]ta9 po9ts ( ,p]sian hi/ory4 ,x may be fix$ f ! ye> #bjj to #bdj ( ! ,*ri/ian era4,a4 ,t4 #cbg ,! #e? ,sassan1 above m5tion$1 is said to be ! la/ ( fifte5 ,p]sian prophets1 ! fir/ ( :om 0 ,mahbad1 & ! #ac? ,zoroa/]4 ,! fif? ,sassan liv$ 9 ! "t ( ,khosru ,p>viz1 :o reign$1 ! #ba/ or #bbnd k+ ( ! ,sassnns1 f #eia to #fbh ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,we read 9 ! ,p]sian preface ( ! ,desatir1 t five ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,khosru ,p>viz 7t is 9 ! ye> #fcd71 ! ,p]sian empire be+ %ak5 by ! conque/s ( ! ,arabs1 ! fif? ,sassan translat$ ! ,desatir4 ,! ,engli% preface ( ! same "w /ates1 t 8he di$ only n9e ye>s be=e ! de/ruction ( ! anci5t ,p]sian mon>*y10 or n9e ye>s be=e #feb1 :i* w\ld be 9 ! ye> #fdc ( our era4 ,x appe>s f ! ,desatir 7,engli% transl4 p4 #aib71 t ! fif? ,sassan1 n less ?an 8 fa!r1 ! f\r? ,sassan1 0 atta*$ to ! k+ ,p>viz1 ( :om he says 7ibid4 p4 #bjb73 8,f ! wick$ness ( mank9d did x arise t su* an angel-temp]$ k+ 0 tak5 f ! ,hirtasis 7,p]sia740,a4 ,t4 #cbh ,bahrm ,gur 7,v>anes ,v71 ! son ( ,yezdejird badk> 7! iniquit\s71 0 educat$ out ( ,p]sia4 ,aft] ! dea? ( 8 fa!r1 ! ?rone hav+ be5 giv5 to ,kisra1 a /rang]1 ,bahram came to dispute ! cr[n1 :i* he propos$ %\ld be plac$ betwe5 two fami%$ lions1 & belong to him :o %\ld seize x !re4 ,kisra accept$ ! proposal1 b w\ld n attempt ! fir/ to snat* :at he already possess$4 ,bahram !n1 aft] hav+ kill$ ! fi]ce animals1 took & kept ! prize ) univ]sal applause4 ,he 0 ! #ac? 7or #ad?7 k+ ( ! ,sssnans4 ,aft] hav+ repuls$ an invasion ( ! ,turks1 & secur$ 8 empire1 he left ,p]sia1 & travell$ 9 disguise to ,india 9 se>* ( adv5tures2 by a s]ies ( d>+ actions1 he ga9$ a great reputation1 & ! h& ( an ,indian pr9cess1 ) :om1 aft] two ye>s ( abs5ce1 he return$ to ,p]sia4 ,=tunate 9 w> aga9/ ,greeks & ,arabians1 he lo/ 8 life 9 a hunt+ p>ty1 aft] a reign ( #bc 7"s say #ah7 ye>s1 :i* is plac$ f #dbj to #dch ( our era4,a4 ,t4 #cbi ,?is passage is v obscure! occurr5ces "h m5tion$ mu/ h be5 local4,d4 ,s4 #ccj ,akb> ,abad 7,akb>'s t[n7 0 ,agra4 #cca ,sadah is ! "n ( ! #af? night ( ! ,p]sian mon? ,bahman 7! #aa? ( ! ye>1 ,janu>y74 ,?is night is solemniz$ by fires light$ 9 t[ns & 9 ! fields 7,h]belot74,a4 ,t4 #ccb ,jamasp1 a great prie/ ( ! religion ( ,zoroa/]1 & suppos$ au?or ( a ,p]sian "w ^u ! great conjunctions ( ! planets1 & ^u ! ev5ts :i* !y produce4 ,?is "w 0 translat$ into ,arabic by ,lal1 9 ! ye> #abhj ( our era4 ,accord+ to ! ,%ah-namah & to "s hi/orians1 ,jamasp 0 ! bro!r ( ,gu/asp1 ! ,v? ,p]sian k+ ( ! ,p%dadan dyna/y 7,h]belot74 ,9 ! book ,mgjizat ,f>si 7see ,hyde1 ,prefatio71 ,jamasp is ! ,v,ith ( t5 ,p]sian prophets1 :o are enum]at$ z foll[s3 ,i4 ,f]idun2 ,,ii4 ,alex&]2 ,,iii4 ,anu%irvan2 ,,iv4 ,bah]amgor2 ,v4 ,ru/am2 ,,vi4 ,jamasp2 ,,vii4 ,buzurgjmihr2 ,,viii4 ,b>bud2 ,,ix4 an anonym\s sculptor ( ! beautiful horse ,%abdiz1 :i* _h belong$ to k+ ,p>viz2 ,x4 ,f]had1 a celebrat$ ar*itect1 enam\r$ ( ,%rn1 ! wife ( ,p>viz4,a4 ,t4 #ccc ,! ,lulees 9 ,p]sia & 9 o!r p>ts ( ,asia are wom5 ( ! same description z ! danc+ girls 9 ,india1 devot$ to pleasure1 & ex]cis+ _! art ( pleas+ at all fe/ivals1 public & private4,a4 ,t4 #ccd ,^! v]ses ( ,hafiz1 p4 #ef1 edit4 ( ,calcutta1 are aga9 quot$1 p4 #f1 ( ! same edit42 b in/ead ( 2 :i* occur 9 ! fir/ ( ^! pages1 we f9d 9 ! la/ 2 :i* la/ read+ 0 adopt$4,a4 ,t4 #cce *am*amah1 8a skull10 answ]s to kapla1 :i* signifies skull1 & a skull-l b[l1 9 :i* begg>s receive alms4,a4 ,t4 #ccf 4 #ccg ,^! v]ses h be5 quot$ be=e1 page #aai4 #cch ,mahd1 8guide10 9 ! orig9al is p]haps an allusion to ! "n ( ! twelf? & la/ ,imam ( ! race ( ,al4 ,! ,p]sians believe t he is /ill liv+1 & w appe> ) ! prophet ,elias at ! second com+ ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & w be "o ( ! two witnesses m5tion$ 9 ! ,apocalypse 7,h]belot74,a4 ,t4 #cci ,! pr9t$ copy reads 1 & ! manuscripts & 1 ! ,,ms4 ( ,oude has 4 #cdj ,! pr9t$ copy reads 1 ! ,,mss41 ) t ( ,oude1 h 4 #cda ,?is corresponds to ! ,arabic3 la ila hah illilla2 ! fir/ "p ( :i*1 la ila hah1 8!re is no ,god10 is call$ nafi1 8negation20 ! o!r "p1 illi la1 8b ,god10 is call$ asbt1 8confirmation40 ,to :i* is add$3 ,mohamm$ resul ulla1 8,muhamm$ is 8 prophet40,a4 ,t4 #cdb ,! two ,,mss4 read ,antun pa%utah dak>daj2 ! ,,ms4 ( ,oude1 ,anton pa%uyah4 #cdc ,a ,kal&] is a p]son ( religi\s pret5sions1 a sort ( durvi% n g5]ally approv$ by ! ,muhamm$ans7,h]belot74 #cdd ,p]haps sahas1 8/r5g?1 p[]1 light40,a4 ,t4 #cde ,p]haps sakula1 8hav+ a family40,a4 ,t4 #cdf ,amir signifies 8comm&]1 *ief1 pr9ce40 ,?is title 0 once borne by sov]eigns1 b 9 ! c\rse ( "t 0 *ang$ = t ( ,sultan1 x rema9$ a title giv5 only to pr9ces1 _! sons4 ,amir ul ,omra signifies 8! comm&] ( comm&]s0 7,h]belot74,a4 ,t4 #cdg ,! ,p]sians pret5d to h 7see my note1 p4 #cb1 & ,hyde1 ,prefatio7 a book m anci5t ?an ! writ+s ( ,zoroa/]1 call$ ,jvdn ,khirid1 8! et]nal wisdom10 :i* treats ( practical philosophy1 & ! au?or ( :i* is suppos$ to h be5 ,h%ang4,a4 ,t4 #cdh ,khosro ,p>viz 0 ! gr&son ( ,nu%irvan1 m5tion$ 9 our note1 page #aje1 z contempor>y ( ! fif? ,sasan1 ! translator & comm5tator ( ! ,desatir4 ,p>viz1 soon aft] hav+ tak5 possession ( 8 fa!r's ?rone1 0 driv5 out ( ,p]sia by a =tunate usurp]1 call$ ,bahram ,jbn1 & took refuge 9 ! c\rt ( ! ,greek emp]or ,mauritius1 f :om he obta9$ n only protection1 b also ! h& ( 8 daught] nam$ ,m>y by "s1 & by o!rs ,%r91 & a p[]ful army to recov] ! k+dom ( ,p]sia4 ,accord+ to ,eb5 ,batrik 7see ,h]belot71 x 0 aft] hav+ be5 re/or$ to 8 sov]eignty1 t he su$ = m>riage ) ! daught] ( ,mauritius1 :o answ]$ t he c\ld n grant 8 daught]1 unless ! ,p]sian mon>* adopt$ ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,! v]ses 9 ! text seem to ref] to ?is circum/ance1 b express at ! same "t a /rong atta*m5t ( ,p>viz to ! anci5t religion ( 8 c\ntry1 :il/1 accord+ to ! ,arabian au?or j quot$1 ?is pr9ce apo/atis$1 9 spite ( 8 oppos+ gr&ees1 = ! sake ( ! beautiful ,%irn1 = :om he _h conceiv$ an irresi/ible passion4 ,mauritius1 8 fa!r-9-law1 hav+ be5 put to dea?1 ) all 8 *ildr5 except "o son1 ,p>viz endeav\r$ to replace ?is rema9+ son ^u ! ?rone ( 8 fa!r4 ,at fir/ successful aga9/ ,phocas1 he 0 defeat$ by ,h]aclius1 ! successor ( ! ,greek emp]or2 he lo/ all 8 conque/s1 8 reputation1 8 lib]ty1 & at la/ 8 life1 by a p>ricide1 8 son & successor1 ,%iruyah or ,sirocs4,a4 ,t4 #cdi ,ajem includes all ,asia except ,arabia4 ,! ,arabians1 z =m]ly ! ,greeks1 call ! inhabitants ( all c\ntries except _! own1 ,b>b>ians2 b "h1 & else:]e1 ! au?or takes ,ajem = ,p]sia4,a4 ,t4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,,! ,,?ird ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,dabi/an expla9s ! laws ( ! ,pamn-i-,f>hang 7excell5t cov5ant7 & ! ,hirb$ ,sr 7! pure ,highprie/74 ,! ,paiman-i-,f>hang is ! code ( ,mhbd1 ( :i* _m translations h be5 made2 "o ( !m is t made by ,f>idun1 ! son ( ,abt93 ano!r2 t ( ,buzurg-,mihr#cej = ! use ( ,nu%irvan1 ! son ( ,kobad2 "s extracts f ^! h be5 giv5 9 ! pres5t "w4 ,! ,yazdanian1 8godly10 :o are also call$ ,sahi ,ke%1 8fl\ri%+ fai?10 & ,sips1 8ador]s10 ma9ta9 t ! mo/ exalt$ ( ! prophets1 ! mightie/ ( k+s1 & ! sire ( ! human race :i* exi/s 9 ?is cycle 0 ,mhbd1 :om !y also call ,az> ,hu%ang1 8! fire ( wisdom40 ,!y also say t x is ?us record$ 9 ! code ( ?is v5]able p]sonage1 :i* is ! ^w ( ,god2 & t moreov]1 ?is mighty pr9ce has himself expressly ann\nc$ t ! ,div9e ,ess5ce1 :i* has no equal1 is totally devoid & dive/$ ( all =m & figure2 incapable ( be+ ! object ( conception or similitude3 also t ! tropes ( ! mo/ eloqu5t orators1 ! illu/rations ( ! mo/ enlight5$ & pr(\nd g5iuses1 are utt]ly unable to convey a cle> idea ( ! light1 :i* has nei!r p]ceptible color nor sign3 ! sublime speculations ( ! le>n$ & ! discrim9at+ und]/&+s ( ! sage are too feeble to compreh5d ! sub/ance ( ! pure ess5ce ( t light1 :i* is )\t equal1 quality1 color1 or model3 also t all exi/5ces h proce$$ f ! b\nty & wisdom ( ! ,almighty1 & are consequ5tly 8 creation3 t n a s+le atom 9 ?is _w1 nor ev5 ! motion ( a hair on ! body ( a liv+ creature escapes 8 k3 all :i* propositions are prov$ by evid5t demon/rations d$uc$ f v>i\s premises1 & accompani$ by excell5t comm5t>ies1 ! enum]ation ( :i* ?is abridg$ treatise _c admit4 ,also t ! cognizance ( ! self-exi/5t ,god ext5ds alike to ! mo/ m9ute p>ticles ( matt] & ! entire univ]se4 ,,description ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,angels ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,ord]4,9 ! code ( ! great apo/le ,mhbd x is ?us /at$2 ! "w ( ,god is above ! p[] ( ! tongue1 & inf9itely exce$s ! calculations to :i* ! inhabitants ( ?is l[] elem5tal _w h rec\rse3 ! op]ations ( ! ,et]nal are f et]nity to et]nity3 !y assign ! "n ( ,bahman#cea to ! fir/ ,angel :om ! ,almighty inve/$ ) ! mantle ( exi/5ce1 & ?r\gh ! m$ium ( :om x 0 communicat$ to o!rs4 ,! planets1 fix$ />s1 & heav5s h ea* _! peculi> cons]vative ,angel2 also ! f\r elem5ts bel[ ! lun> sph]e h f\r cons]vative ,angels1 & 9 l mann] all productions connect$ ) !m3 = example1 9 m9]als !re are _m preci\s /ones1 su* z rubies1 sapphires1 & em]alds ( e k9d1 :i* are "u ! dom9ion ( _! good1 munific5t1 protect+ ,angel3 & s on ) respect to all species ( vegetable & animal productions4 ,! "n giv5 to ! cons]vative angel ( mank9d is ,f>un ,f>o ,vakh%r4#ceb ,,description ,,( ,,! ,,second ,,ord] ,,( ,,angels4,! code ( ,mhbd /ates t ! second rank is assign$ to ! ,angels connect$ ) bodies3 t is1 e heav5 & e /> has a simple uncomp\nd$ _s1 b>e ( matt]1 z x is nei!r a body nor mat]ial3 also t all liv+ be+s 9 ! _w h an uncomp\nd$ s\l4 ,,description ,,( ,,! ,,?ird ,,ord] ,,( ,,angels4,x is /at$ 9 ! code ( ,mhbd1 t angelic be+s ( ! ?ird rank are ! same z ! sup]ior & inf]ior bodies4 ,! sup]ior bodies are ^? ( ! sph]e & ! />s2 & ! inf]ior ! f\r 7guh>7 elem5ts4 ,! mo/ noble ( all bodies are ^? ( ! sph]e4 ,,description ,,( ,,! ,,gradations ,,( ,,p>adise4,! code ( ,mhbd /ates ?us3 8,9 ! ,mn or #8azure heav5' !re are _m gradations1 we %all fir/ enum]ate ! gradations ( ,p>adise 9 ?is l[] _w4 ,! fir/ gradation consi/s ( m9]als1 su* z rubies1 sapphires1 em]alds1 & ! l2 ! second ( vegetation1 su* z plane trees1 cypress1 g>d5s1 etc42 ! ?ird ( animals1 su* z ! ,arab horse1 ! camel1 & su* l2 ! f\r? consi/+ ( select$ individuals among/ m51 su* z pr9ces & ^? connect$ ) t class1 p]sons 9 ! enjoym5t ( heal?1 ! cont5t$1 & su* l2 all :i* gradations !y call ,mn ,sr1 #8cele/ial abode1' & ,b/ ,ld1#cec t is1 ,f]d5 f]1 #8! l[ f\ndation4'0 ,9 ^! /ates !re is a retrospect2 = example1 !re is "o man :o 9 relation to 8 de$s gradually desc5ds to ! animal /ate2 :il/ ! t]r5e p>ticles ( virtu\s m5's bodies *ange ei!r to ! vegetable /ate or t ( ! *oice/ m9]als1 h[ev] )\t ! exi/5ce ( an incorporeal s\l 9 ei!r ( !m4 ,on asc5d+ f ?is /ate1 ! *ange is call$ ,lim ,s>1 or 8dwell+ on high20 ! fir/ is ! lun> /ep2 = 9 ! s\l ( ! exalt$ moon are ! =ms ( all ^? be+s into :i* ! elem5ts ent]4 ,a p]son on arriv+ !re rema9s 9 x1 becom+ ! reg5t ( all ! l[] _w1 & 9 proportion to 8 k & ! habits result+ f 8 laudable qualities1 assumes a bett] =m4 ,on arriv+ at a high] rank ?an ?is1 he f9ds augm5t$ delight z f> z ! sol> /ep2 = ! sun is ! ,pirah-i-,yazdan1 or 8! ornam5t ( ,god10 t is1 ! vic]oy ( ! ,"l & sov]eign ( ! />s1 ^: graci\s influ5ce p]vades bo? high & l[4 ,on leav+ ?is & pass+ ?r\gh ! v>i\s gradations to ! empyreal heav51 e /ep becomes m delightful & excell5t4 ,on asc5d+ beyond ! great sph]e1 he arrives at ! curta9#ced ( ! great ,angels & contemplates ! ,"l ( ! light ( lights surr\nd$ by angels3 no /ate c surpass ! beatitude & glory ( ?is gradation1 :i* is call$ ! ,mnivn ,mn1 or 8heav5 ( heav5s40 ,,description ,,( ,,! ,,inf]nal ,,regions4,! code ( ,mhbd /ates ?us3 ,hell is situat$ "u ! sph]e ( ! moon3#cee ! fir/ /ep consi/+ ( m9]als 9 mis-%ap5 masses1 or /ones )\t wor?2 ( plants1 ?orny & vile & poison\s h]bage2 ( liv+ creatures1 su* z ants1 s]p5ts1 & scorpions2 & ( m5 lab\r+ "u indig5ce1 sickness1 feebl5ess1 ignorance1 & disgrace3 9 ?is /ep man is puni%$ = :atev] evil actions he has committ$1 & escapes n )\t due retribution4 ,h[ev]1 ! sev]e/ gradation ( ! inf]nal regions is t ( m5tal angui%1 :i* is appropriat$ to ! irreligi\s philosoph]s1 = :5 8 elem5tal body is dissolv$1 !y d n assign him ano!r2 s t he f9ds n 8 way to heav51 b rema9s 9 ! l[] elem5tal _w1 consum$ by ! flames ( angui%3 besides1 9 consequ5ce ( 8 dete/able qualities1 8 torm5tors p\nce ^u him 9 ! %ape ( s]p5ts1 scorpions1 & o!r su* plagues4 ,?is /ate !y d5om9ate ,pu*n-i-,p*1 or 8! hell ( hells40 ,! code ( ,mhbd also /ates1 t :atev] occurs 9 ?is elem5tal _w proce$s entirely f ! planets2 s t _! adoration1 next to t ( ! ,almighty1 becomes an indisp5sable duty3 = ^! lum9>ies approa* ne> ! palace ( ! ,almighty1 & ! *iefs ( ! c\rt ( et]nity4 ,9 ?is _w1 :oev] draws ne> ! seat ( gr&eur1 mu/ h a fri5d to s\nd 8 praise1 :i* is a measure mu* to be comm5d$4 ,! p]son :o und]takes a j\rney _c d )\t a guide1 & he :o goes to a city :]e he has no fri5d1 meets ) difficulty3 consequ5tly1 ! wor%ip t5d]$ to ^! dignities is mu* to be comm5d$4 ,! />s are truly _m 9 numb]1 b amid/ ^! multitudes1 ! influ5ces ( ! sev5 planets are ! mo/ evid5t3 also ( all ! />ry ho/s ! sun is ! sov]eign "l4 ,x is !re=e necess>y to =m sev5 images1 & to raise t ( ! sun above ! o!rs2 ! temples built by ! ,abadn pr9ces 7 op5 on all sides1 s t :5 ! sun %one !y 7 exce$+ly bright 9 ! int]ior2 n l ! ,h9doo idol-temples1 9 :i* !y walk ab\t ) lamps1 ev5 9 ! day "t3 ! ro(s ( ! ,abadn temples 7 also r elevat$4 ,! emp]ors & pr9ces are individuals ( ! mo/ select description1 on :i* acc\nt ! k+ %\ld f9d repose 9 ! f\r? sph]e1 :i* is "o ( ! sol> regions4 ,z x is evid5t t ! />s are set by ,god = ! due gov]nm5t ( ! _w1 9 l mann] x is cle> t x is n e individual indiscrim9ately :o atta9s to ! regal dignity1 b only a royal p]sonage1 n oppos$ to ! ,f>hang-,abd1 or ! law ( ,az> ,h%ang3 z o!rwise he w\ld be undes]v+ ( ! supreme p[]4 ,( ! qualifications indisp5sably requisite 9 a mon>*1 ! fir/ is con=mity to ! fai? above describ$1 & firmness 9 adh]+ to x4 ,9 ! next place1 if on ! side ( bo? p>5ts1 :i* means ,hasab va ,nasab1 8accompli%m5ts & g5ealogy10 he 7 ( royal desc5t1 x w\ld be m advantage\s3 ! mean+ ( royal bir? is to be ! possessor ( ! k+dom ( ju/ice2 if e ext]nal qualification be unit$ ) ! supreme p[]1 x is mu* m agreeable1 s t ! k+ %\ld n say1 8,i am m excell5t ?an my fa!r1 & he ?an 8 ance/ors30 on ! contr>y1 he /yles 8 fa!r 8highly di/+ui%$10 & 8 gr&fa!r 8f> sup]ior40 ,moreov]1 if any "o %\ld praise him on ?is acc\nt1 he %\ld ord] t p]son to be *a/is$4 ,azizi1 8a di/+ui%$ man10#cef has said3 8,! foll[+ is :at we mean by ?is pr9ciple2 t z "o sire is sup]ior to ano!r1 if a son %\ld imag9e himself ! great]1 !n ea* *ild w\ld reckon himself sup]ior to 8 fa!r1 & !re w\ld !n be no ackn[l$g$ rul]40 ,a k+ mu/ also be provid$ ) a di/+ui%$ ma!matician z prime m9i/]1 to :om ! calculators & a/ronom]s %\ld be subject2 9 e city !re %\ld be an a/ronom] or surveyor2 & an ,ar%iya1#ceg or acc\ntant1 %\ld act z vizir1 "o well v]s$ 9 ! am\nt ( r5ts paid by ! ,rayas2 he mu/ also h commiss>ies2 & z !re are atta*$ to e city _m villages & hamlets1 ! k+'s private prop]ty1 to :i* ! local director att5ds1 t (fic] is call$ ! ,vizhak4 ,also ) e vizir1 :e!r abs5t or pres5t1 !re %\ld be two ,u/uw>s or sup]visors1 & two ,%udahb&s1 or record]s ( occurr5ces2 ! same rule is to be obs]v$ ) all adm9i/rators1 & ! ,samn ,slr1 or head /ew>d1 ! *ief report]s & inspectors %\ld also be ea* accompani$ by two ,u/uw>s & two ,%udahb&s4 ,du/oor1 or prime m9i/]1 means ! p]son to ^: dep>tm5t ! public rev5ue is atta*$3 ! copies ( ! regi/]s ( all ! vizirs %\ld be regul>ly kept at ! seat ( gov]nm5t1 z well z ! pap]s ( ! ,%udahb&s4 ,! k+ also requires milit>y comm&]s1 9 ord] t !y may keep ! soldi]s 9 due discipl9e4 ,! fir/ dignity consi/s ( ! *iefs ( a hundr$ ?\s& cavalry2 ! second1 ( ! comm&]s ( ?\s&s2 ! ?ird1 ( ! comm&]s ( hundr$s2 ! f\r?1 ( ! rul]s ov] t5s2 & ! fif?1 ( ^? accompani$ by two1 ?ree1 f\r1 or five p]sons4 ,?us 9 ?is assemblage e t5 p]sons h an (fic] & e hundr$ a ,sipahd>1 call$ 9 ! popul> language ( ,h9du/an ,bakh%i1 8pay-ma/]10 9 t ( ,iran1 ,la%k> ,navs1 or 8army-regi/r>10 & 9 ,arabic1 ,ariz1 or 8not>y30 a simil> arrangem5t mu/ be obs]v$ 9 ! infantry4 ,9 l mann]1 :5 ! milit>y 9 regul> succession are 9 att5dance on ! k+1 !re is at c\rt a ,brngr1 or 8regi/r>10 to set d[n ^? :o are abs5t z well z ^? pres5t2 9 ! popul> language ( ,india ?is (fic] is /yl$ ,*auki ,navs1 or 8regi/] keep]20 !y are accompani$ by a ,%udahb&1 an ,u/uw>1 & s5t9els1 s t !y may n g to _! homes nor give way to sleep until _! p]iod ( duty is t]m9at$3 !re are also diff]5t s5t9els = day & night4 ,x is also s arrang$ t !re %\ld be always f\r p]sons toge!r on ea* wat*1 two ( :om may indulge 9 sleep :il/ ! o!r two rema9 awake4 ,9 e city :]e ! k+ is pres5t !re ought to be a ,%udahb&1 to report to ! k+ :atev] occurs 9 ! city3 ! same rule %\ld be obs]v$ 9 ! o!r cities also3 ?is function>y !y call1 9 ,india1 ,wakia-,navis1 8news-writ]40 ,!re %\ld also be a ,%ahnah1 or 8int5dant ( police10 /yl$ ,f>hang-i-roz1 8regi/r> ( ! day10 :o is to conduct all affairs ) due prud5ce1 & n suff] p to inflict injury on ea* o!r4 ,he is to h two ,%udahb&s & an ,u/uw> or 8confid5tial secret>y40 ,9 l mann]1 among ! troops ( ! great nobles !re mu/ be two ,%udahb&s2 & 9 all prov9ces a ,%ahrd>1 or gov]nor2 & 9 e city a ,bud-&oz1 or collector-g5]al1 a ,sipah-d>1 t is a ,bakh%i1 & an int5dant ( police1 or ,%ahnah2 x is to be not$ t among ! ,yezdnan1 a ,kz & ,%uhnah 7 ! same1 z ! p practis$ no oppression t[>ds ea* o!r4 ,! ,%udahb&1 ! ,nv& 7writ]71 & ! ,rv& 7c\ri]71 or ^? :o convey$ intellig5ce to ! k+1 _h _m spies set ov] !m secretly by 8 maje/y1 & all ^? (fic]s wrote him an acc\nt ( :atev] occurr$ 9 ! city4 ,if ! ,sipahd>s did n give ! m5 _! j dues1 ^! (fic]s call$ !m to acc\nt3 also if a sup]ior noble act$ 9 a simil> mann] t[>ds 8 inf]iors1 !y in/itut$ an inquiry into 8 conduct3 !y also took note ( ! spies2 s t if any secret ag5t made himself kn[n z su*1 he 0 imm$iately dismiss$4 ,if any "o kept ! due ( ! soldi] or ( ! cultivator1 9 ! "n ( ! k+1 & did n acc\nt = x1 !y inflict$ *a/isem5t on him4 ,! (fic]s 7 oblig$ to del9eate ! features ( e "o employ$ 9 ! cavalry or infantry1 & also to furni% a repres5tation ( 8 horse1 & to give ! m5 _! regul> pay ) punctuality4 ,previ\s to ! ,gil%hian dyna/y1 no "o ev] br&$ ! k+'s horses1 z ?is 0 reg>d$ z an act ( cruelty t[>ds ! animal3 mo/ ( ! soldi]s also 7 furni%$ ) horses by ! k+1 z ! sov]eigns ( ,ajem _h _m /uds4 ,on ! dea? ( a horse1 ! te/imony ( ! collectors & inspectors 0 requisite4 ,e soldi] :o receiv$ n a horse f ! k+1 br\ght 8 own ) him3 !y also took "o out ( tw5ty f ! ,rayas4 ,h[ev]1 "u ! ,sassanian pr9ces1 ! ,rayas reque/$ 8to take f !m "o out ( t530 & z ?is proposition 0 accept$1 x 0 !re=e call$ ,baj-i-hamda/ani1 or volunt>y contribution1 z hav+ be5 settl$ by ! cons5t ( ! ,rayas4 ,! ,omras & ! great ( ! k+dom1 ne> & f>1 _h n ! p[] to put a guilty man to dea?2 b :5 ! ,%adahb&1 8record]10 br\ght a case be=e ! k+1 8 maje/y act$ accord+ to ! prescriptions ( ! ,f]hang-abad1 unless 9 ! case ( execut+ a dang]\s rebel1 :51 f sp>+ him until receiv+ ! k+'s w1 a great evil w\ld arise to ! c\ntry4 ,!y laid d[n ?is royal ord9ance3 t if ! k+ s5t ev5 a s+le p]son1 he 0 to br+ back ! head ( ! comm&] ( a hundr$ ?\s&2 nay1 t p]son nev] turn$ aside f ! puni%m5t4 ,= example1 :5 su* a comm&] 9 ! "t ( ,%ah ,mhbl _h put an innoc5t man to dea?1 ! pr9ce s5t a p]son :o 0 to behead ! crim9al on a day on :i* ! nobles 7 all assembl$3 & ( ?is !re are innum]able examples4 ,also 9 ! "t ( ,%ah ,f>idn1 ! son ( ,abt91 ! son ( ,f>%ad1 ! son ( ,%- ,gilv1 a g5]al nam$ ,mhld 0 gov]nor ( ,khorosan3 & he hav+ put to dea? "o ( ! village *iefs1 ! ,%udahb&s report$ to ! k+ all ! public & private details ( ! fact1 on receiv+ :i* ! k+ ?us wrote to ,mhld3 8,?\ ha/ act$ contr>y to ! ,f>hang ,abad40 ,:5 ,mahld _h p]us$ ! k+'s lett]1 he assembl$ ! *ief m5 ( ! prov9ce1 & s5d+ = ! village *iefta9's son1 put a sword 9 8 h& t he might cut (f 8 head3 ! son repli$3 8,i cons5t to pass ov] my fa!r's blood40 ,mhld1 h[ev]1 w\ld n agree to ?is1 & insi/$ s e>ne/ly1 t ! "y man cut (f 8 head1 :i* 0 s5t to ! c\rt4 ,! k+ greatly comm5d$ ?is conduct1 & accord+ to 8 usual practice conf]r$ ,mhld's (fice on 8 son4 ,9 ! same mann]1 ! ,moghls submitt$ implicitly to ! comm&s ( ! ,"l /r5g!n$ by ! ,almighty1 t is1 to ,j5ghiz ,khan2#ceh & ! tribes ( ,kazl-,b%#cei 7 equally ob$i5t to ,ismail ,safavi dur+ 8 reign4 ,b ! k+s ( ,ajem 7 av]se to ! infliction ( capital puni%m5ts1 s t until a crim9al _h be5 decl>$ des]v+ ( dea?1 accord+ to ! ,abdan code1 ! ord] = 8 execution 0 n issu$4 ,! k+s & *iefta9s ( ,iran nev] address$ h>% language to any "o2 b :5ev] a p]son des]v$ *a/isem5t or dea?1 !y summon$ ! ,f>hangd>1 or 8judge10 & ! ,dad-sitani1 or 8mufti20 on :i*1 :atev] ! code ( ,f>hang-abad enjo9$ 9 ! case1 :e!r beat+ ) rods or conf9em5t1 0 c>ri$ into effect3 b ! beat+ & imprisonm5t 7 nev] execut$ by l[ p]sons4 ,:atev] intellig5ce 0 communicat$ by spies 0 submitt$ to a c>eful exam9ation1 9 :i* !y took great pa9s2 & t unless reports made by two or m spies co9cid$1 !y c>ri$ no?+ into execution4 ,! pr9ces & "y nobles1 l all o!rs1 began by p]sonal att5dance on ! k+3 = example1 ! r\t9e ( ,ha%-o-ba%1 or 8pres5ce & abs5ce0 at c\rt1 0 enjo9$ !m 9 rotation1 t !y might bett] und]/& ! /ate ( humbl] individuals3 !y ev5 att5d$ on foot1 t !y might m easily conceive ! toils ( ! foot-soldi]4 ,bahzad ! ,yasanian1 9 "o ( 8 m>*es hav+ proce$$ a %ort di/ance1 alight$ f 8 horse1#cfj on :i* a di/+ui%$ noble1 nam$ ,naub>1 ?us rem>k$3 8,on a m>* x is n prop] to rema9 satisfi$ ) s %ort a j\rney40 ,on ?is1 ,bahzad ,%ah1 leav+ ! army 9 t place1 said to ! comm&] ,naub>1 8,let u two make a %ort excursion40 ,he himself m\nt$ on horseback1 & oblig$ ! o!r to advance on foot4 ,!y ?us trav]s$ m\nta9 & pla91 until ,naub> became ov]p[]$ by fatigue1 on :i* ,bahzad said3 8,ex]t ?yself1 = our halt+ place is ne>20 b he hav+ repli$1 8,i am no long] able to move10 ! k+ rejo9$2 8,o oppressor6 z ?\ art no long] able to proce$1 do/ ?\ n p]ceive t ^? :o are on foot exp]i5ce simil> di/ress f p]=m+ too long a m>*80 8,?\1 :o feele/ n = ! di/ress ( o!rs1 ,m]ite/ n to be call$ by ! "n ( man40 ,! milit>y1 9 proportion to _! respective ranks1 _h assign$ to !m co/ly dresses1 vigor\s /e$s ) trapp+s & saddles inlaid ) preci\s /ones1 equipm5ts1 "s ( solid gold & silv]1 & o!rs plat$ ) gold or silv]1 & helmets4 ,! di/+ui%$ m5 7 equally remote f p>simony & pr(us5ess4 ,! nobles ( ,ajem wore a cr[n wor? a hundr$ ?\s& d9>s ( gold3 ! regal diadem be+ appropriat$ to ! k+4 ,all ! great ,amirs wore helmets & zones ( gold2 !y also _h trapp+s & s&als ( ! same4 ,:5 ! soldi]s set out on an exp$ition1 !y took ) !m arms ( e description1 a flag & a poign>d2#cfa !y 7 habituat$ to privations1 & ent]$ on long exp$itions ) scanty supplies3 !y 7 nev] conf9$ )9 ! enclosure ( t5ts & pavilions1 b brav$ alike ! extremes ( heat & cold4 ,9 ! day ( battle1 z long z ! k+ or 8 lieut5ant /ood at 8 po/1 if any "o turn$ 8 back on ! foe1 no p]son w\ld jo9 him 9 eat+ or dr9k+1 or contract alliance ) him1 except ^? :o l himself _h consign$ _! p]sons to infamy & degradation4 ,lunatics1 buffoons1 & deprav$ *>act]s f\nd no access to ! k+ or *iefta9s4 ,on ! dea? ( a p]son :o _h be5 rais$ to dignity1 8 po/ 0 conf]r$ on 8 son1 or "s "o ( 8 legitimate connections adequate to its duties2 ?us no innoc5t p]son 0 ev] depriv$ ( (fice1 s t _! noble families cont9u$ f ! "t ( ,% ,kilv to t ( ,% ,mahbul4 ,:5 k+ ,khusr1 ! son ( ,f>idn1 ! son ( ,abt91 ! son ( ,=zad1 ! son ( ,%i ,kiliv1 _h s5t ,gurg9#cfb ! son ( ,ls to a c]ta9 po/1 t dignity rema9$ 9 8 family m ?an a ?\s& ye>s2 & :51 9 ! reign ( ! respl5d5t sov]eign1 k+ ,arde%ir1 ,madhur ! desc5dant ( ,gurg9 _h become a lunatic1 ! k+ conf9$ him to 8 h\se1 & promot$ 8 son ,mbzd to ! gov]nm5t2 & simil> to ?is 0 ! sy/em ( ,%ah ,ismail ,safavi4 ,b if an ,amir's son 7 unfit = gov]n+1 he 0 dismiss$ f (fice1 & _h a suitable p5sion assign$ him4 ,nay1 animals1 su* z ! c[1 ass1 & horse1 :i* 7 made to labor :5 "y1 7 ma9ta9$ by _! ma/]s 9 a /ate ( ease :5 !y grew old2 ! quantity ( burd5 :i* ea* animal 0 to c>ry 0 def9$1 & :oev] exce$$ t limit receiv$ due *a/isem5t4 ,9 l mann]1 :5 any ( ! infantry or cavalry grew feeble1 infirm1 or old1 al?\gh he might n h p]=m$ effective s]vice1 !y appo9t$ 8 son to succe$ him2 & if ! latt] 0 n yet ( mature age1 !y settl$ on him a daily all[ance f ! royal treasury4 ,b if he _h no son1 !y assign$ him dur+ 8 life su* an all[ance z w\ld keep him f di/ress1 :i* all[ance 0 cont9u$ aft] 8 decease to 8 wife1 daught]1 or o!r survivors4 ,:atev] con/itutes ! duty ( a p>5t 0 all p]=m$ by ! k+2 if1 9 ! day ( battle1 a soldi]'s horse fell1 !y be/[$ on him a bett] & f9] "o4 ,x has already be5 said t mo/ ( ! cavalry horses 7 suppli$ by ! k+1 & ! milit>y 7 at no exp5se save t ( =age4 ,if a soldi] fell 9 battle1 !y appo9t$ ! son ) great di/9ction to 8 fa!r's po/1 & also conf]r$ _m favors on 8 surviv+ family2 !y also greatly ex]t$ !mselves 9 tea*+ !m ! duties ( _! class1 & 9 gu>d+ _! dome/ic honor inviolate3 z1 9 reality1 ! k+ is ! fa!r1 & ! k+dom ! common "m4 ,9 l mann]1 :5 a soldi] 0 w\nd$1 he receiv$ ! greate/ att5tions4 ,simil> notice 0 tak5 ( work]s 9 gold & ( m]*ants :o _h fail$ & become impov]i%$1 _! *ildr5 be+ adopt$ by ! gov]nm5t3 s t1 )9 ! circuit ( _! dom9ions1 !re 0 n f\nd a s+le de/itute p]son4 ,! ,s>dr ( ea* city took cognizance ( e /rang] :o ent]$ x3 9 ! same way1 all fri5dless travell]s 7 receiv$ into ! royal hospital1 :]e physicians gave !mselves up to ! cur+ ( ! sick3 9 ^! !re 7 also ,%udahb&s to take c>e t none ( ^? employ$ %\ld be backw>d 9 _! respective (fices4 ,! bl9d1 ! p>alytic1 ! feeble1 & de/itute 7 admitt$ into ! royal hospital1 :]e !y pass$ _! "t free f anxiety4 ,n[ ! royal ,bmra/n1 or hospital 0 a place 9 :i* !y gave a daily all[ance to ! feeble & indig5t3 ?us !re 7 no religi\s m5dicants or begg>s 9 _! dom9ions2 :oev] wi%$1 embrac$ a ,durve%'s life & practis$ religi\s au/]ities 9 a mona/]y1 a place adapt$ = e description ( pi\s mortifications3 a slo?ful p]son1 or "o ( ill repute1 0 n p]mitt$ to become a ,durve%1 le/ he might d x = ! purpose ( indulg+ 9 food & sleep3 to su* a "* !y enjo9$ ! religi\s ex]cises suitable to a ,durve%1 :i*1 if he p]=m$ ) zeal1 x 0 all well2 b1 o!rwise1 he 0 oblig$ to foll[ 8 incl9ations 9 "s o!r place4 ,! k+ _h also confid5tial c\rti]s1 well skill$ 9 ! hi/ories ( ! righte\s m5 ( old5 "t1 :i* !y recit$ to 8 maje/y4 ,!re 0 also an abundance ( a/rolog]s & physicians1 s t1 bo? 9 ! capital & 9 ! prov9ces1 "o ( ea*1 agreeably to ! royal ord]1 %\ld att5d on e gov]nor2 & _! numb] 0 su* 9 e city1 t m5 might consult !m on ! favorable & unfavorable mom5ts = e und]tak+4 ,9 e city 0 a royal hospital1 9 :i* 7 /ation$ physicians appo9t$ by ! k+2 !re 7 sep>ate hospitals = wom51 :]e !y 7 att5d$ by skilful female physicians1 s t ! hospitals = m5 & wom5 7 q di/9ct4 ,9 addition to all ?is1 ! k+ /&s 9 ne$ ( wise ,f>hangs1 8judges10 well v]s$ 9 ! decisions ( law & ! articles ( fai?1 s t1 aid$ by ! royal influ5ce & p[]1 !y may re/ra9 m5 f evil de$s1 & deliv] ! in/itutes ( ,f>hang1 8! true fai?10 to !m4#cfc ,! k+ also requires writ]s to be always 9 8 pres5ce4 ,a great ,mob$ mu/ be acqua9t$ ) all sci5ces2 a confid5tial c\rti]1 conv]sant ) ! n>ratives & hi/ories ( k+s2 a physician1 pr(\nd 9 m$ical sci5ce2 an a/rolog] 9 8 calculations ( ! />s2 an acc\ntant1 accurate 9 8 acc\nts2 & a ,f>hang1 or lawy]1 well v]s$ 9 po9ts ( law3 moreov]1 ! /udy ( t portion ( ! code conta9$ 9 ! ,piman-i-,f>hang1 or 9 ! 8cov5ant ( ! ,f>hang10 is incumb5t on all1 bo? soldi]s1 ,rayas1 & ^? :o practise ! me*anic arts1 & on o!r p4 ,9 l mann]1 p]sons ( "o rank 7 n wont to int]m$dle ) ! pursuits ( ano!r3 = example1 t a soldi] %\ld engage 9 comm]ce1 or a m]*ant 9 ! milit>y pr(ession3 on ! contr>y1 ! two employm5ts %\ld n be conf\nd$1 s t "o %\ld at ! same "t be a milit>y man & a s]vant1 or 9 any employm5t2 & hav+ become a comm&]1 %\ld aga9 take up ! trade4 ,!y also p]mitt$ 9 e city su* a numb] ( artific]s1 conductors ( amusem5ts1 m]*ants1 & soldi]s z 0 /rictly necess>y2 to ! rema9d]1 or surplus1 !y assign$ agricultural occupations2 s t1 al?\gh _m p may "k ^! arts1 yet no m ?an is requir$ may be occupi$ ) !m1 b apply !mselves :olly to ! cultivation ( ! soil4 ,if any (fic] made ev5 a trifl+ addition to ! import on any bus9ess :i* br\ght 9 a rev5ue to ! k+1 s f> f its be+ acceptable1 !y1 on ! contr>y1 ord]$ t ill-dispos$ p]son to be sev]ely puni%$4 ,! k+ gave audi5ce e day3 b on "o day ( ! week 9 p>ticul>1 he act$ z ,ddsitn1 or 8,mufti10 :5 e p]son :o 0 wrong$ _h access to ! sov]eign2 also1 once a ye>1 he gave a g5]al audi5ce1 :5 ev]yone :o pleas$ came into 8 pres5ce2 on ?is occasion1 ! k+ sat d[n at table ) ! ,rys1 :o repres5t$ to him1 )\t ! int]v5tion ( ano!r1 :atev] !y ?\ght prop]4 ,! sov]eign _h two places ( audi5ce2 "o ! ,rzi/n1 or 8day-/ation10 9 :i* he 0 seat$ on an elevat$ seat2 :i* place !y also call$ ! ,tbsr1 or 8place ( spl5dor20 ar\nd :i* ! nobles & *ampions /ood 9 _! respective ranks2 ! o!r 0 ! ,%abi/n1 or 8night /ation10 :i* _h also an elevation1 on :i* ! k+ took 8 seat4 ,m5 ( di/9ction /ood on ! outside2 ^? ( royal dignity 7 at ! door2 & next ! k+ 0 a company /&+ ) weapons ( w> 9 _! h&s4 ,e "o1 indiscrim9ately1 _h n ! privilege ( lay+ 8 h& on ! royal feet2 "s only kiss$ ! slipp] & walk$ ar\nd x2 o!rs1 ! sleeve ( ! royal mantle :i* fell on ! ?rone3 t p]son mu/ be 9 high favor at c\rt :o 0 p]mitt$ to kiss ! k+'s feet1 or ! ?rone1 or p]=m a circuit ar\nd x4 ,z a brief acc\nt has be5 giv5 ( ! ext]ior place ( reception1 & ( ! ,rzi/n1 or 8day /ation10 we n[ proce$ to write a few p>ticul>s conc]n+ ! int]ior place ( reception1 or ! secret night /ation1 or ! ,h>em1 :i* is also call$ ! 8gold5 musk-p]fum$ pavilion40 ,9 ! code ( ,az> ,h%ang1 or ,mhbd1 x has be5 ?us laid d[n3 :atev] be ! numb] ( ! k+'s wom51 !re mu/ be "o sup]ior 9 dignity to all ! re/3 h] !y /yle 8! ,great ,lady20 b %e possess$ n su* absolute p[] t ! "r ( loos+ or b9d+1 inflict+ ! ba/9ado1 or putt+ to dea? )9 ! night /ation %\ld be conf]r$ on h]3 or t %e c\ld put to dea? :omsoev] %e pleas$ )\t ! k+'s cons5t1 a p[] q oppos$ to law4 ,! ,%udahb&s also report to ! royal pres5ce all ! transactions ( ! ,great ,pr9cess & ( ! night /ation1 j z !y transmit acc\nts ( ^? p]sons :o live out ( its prec9cts4 ,if ! k+'s "m be alive1 ! supremacy is ( c\rse ve/$ 9 h]1 & n 9 ! ,great ,pr9cess4 ,salrbrs1 or 8u%]s ) silv] maces10 ,jdrs1 or 8sup]9t5dants ( police10 ,ghnums or ,%udahb&s1 a/rolog]s & su* l pr(essions1 7 also met ) 9 ! int]ior resid5ce4 ,( ^! wom5 & pr9cesses n "o _h ! smalle/ degree ( au?ority ov] ! re/ ( _! sex :o liv$ outside ( ! prec9cts1 nor did !y possess ! p[] ( issu+ any ord] :atev]2 nay !y seldom made m5tion ( !m 9 ! royal ,rozi/an2 nei!r 7 !y call$ by any fix$ title2 nor1 )\t urg5t necessity1 did !y ride out 9 public4 ,! k+ also1 on visit+ ! int]ior ap>tm5t1 is n wont to rema9 long ) ! wom52 nor d !y ev] ent]ta9 any wi%es :i* h n ref]5ce to !mselves2 su* z ! mode ( speak+ :5 enjo9+ an (fic] to p]=m "s s]vice1 or increas+ ! dignity ( ! great w>riors4 ,! same sy/em 0 foll[$ by e ,amir 9 8 own h\se2 b 9 ! dwell+ ( e ,amir1 :e!r ne> or remote1 !re 0 an ag$ matron or ,atuni1 deput$ on ! k+'s "p1 ) ! (fice ( ,%udahb&1 to report ! exact /ate ( affairs to ! ,great ,pr9cess1 or to s5d f a di/ance a writt5 report = be+ br\ght be=e ! k+4 ,to ! k+'s ,h>em1 or to t ( an ,amir1 no males _h access1 except boys n come to maturity1 or eunu*s2 b crim9als only 7 qualifi$ = ! latt] class1 :o 7 nev] aft] admitt$ to any confid5tial intimacy2 & no individual 9 _! empire 0 all[$ f motives ( ga9 to h rec\rse to t op]ation4#cfd ,e ye>1 on c]ta9 occasions1 on "s great fe/ivals1 ! wives ( ! ,amirs wait$ on ! ,great ,pr9cess1 & ! wom5 ( ! city came to ! g5]al levee2 b ! k+ nev] saw ^! wom51 z on su* days he did n ent] ! musk-p]fum$ pavilion1 b dep>t$ to "s o!r place1 s t 8 eyes might n fall on a /range female4 ,! motives ( ! ladies' visit to ! k+ 0 ?is3 t if any 7 oppress$ by _! husb&s1 x might be report$ to ! k+1 :o aft] prop] inve/igation 0 to enjo9 ! puni%m5t aw>d$ by ! c\rt ( ju/ice4 ,! great k+ p>took n ( reason-subdu+ /rong dr9ks1 z he 0 a gu>dian1 & z su* %\ld n be 9 a /ate ( helplessness2 on :i* acc\nt n "o ( ^? k+s :o 7 /yl$ gu>dians ev] pollut$ 8 lips ) w9e or o!r intoxicat+ bev]age be=e ! ,gil%aiyan dyna/y4 ,! cup-be>]s ( ! k+'s sons & o!r nobles 7 always females1 & ^! 7 call$ ,bdeks3#cfe no be>dless males 7 admitt$ to ! fea/3 ev5 eunu*s 7 exclud$ f ! banquets ( ! ,gil%aiyan pr9ces1 & !y 7 wait$ on by be>dless y\?s "u t5 ye>s ( age2 & at ! "t ( tak+ w9e ev5 !y 7 n all[$ to be pres5t4 ,! anci5ts1 or ^? previ\s to ! ,gil%aiyan dyna/y1 _h appo9t$ seasons = dr9k+ w9e1 :i* occurr$ :5 ! physicians prescrib$ x = ! removal ( "s infirmity1 on :i* occasions !y con=m$ to ! above-m5tion$ rules4 ,if any "o1 & ! k+ 9 p>ticul>1 labor$ "u a malady ! cure ( :i* c\ld only be effect$ by w9e1 & ! invalid %\ld be altoge!r reluctant to ! dr9k+ ( x1 9 t case1 z ! cure 0 conf9$ to ! use ( w9e1 ! pati5t 0 oblig$ to comply ) ! prescription3 = ?+s =bidd5 "u o!r circum/ances1 become lawful :5 tak5 = m$ic9al purposes3 b ) ?is res]vation1 t no injury %\ld accrue to any innoxi\s animal4 ,along ! roads frequ5t$ by travell]s 9 ?is realm1 !re 7 _m c>avans>ies1 betwe5 e two ( :i* 7 po/$ s5t9els1 s t ! voice ( a p]son rea*$ f "o to ! next4 ,9 e halt+-place 0 a ,%udahb&1 a physician1 & a ,tmr2 & ! inns 7 also con/ruct$ ne> ea* o!r4 ,n[ a ,tmr is "o appo9t$ by ! k+ to protect ! helpless1 su* z p]sons ( t5d] ye>s & ! infirm4 ,ag$ wom5 br\ght out f ! ,h>am all ! requisite supplies 7= ^! e/abli%m5ts71 :i* !y transf]r$ to ag$ m51 by :om !y 7 convey$ to ! att5dants4 ,! soldi]s' wives 7 n )\t employm5t1 su* z sp9n+1 sew+1 & 9 v>i\s works1 ! mak+ ( h\se-furniture1 rid+1 & 9 ! managem5t ( ! b[ !y 7 z able z m52 !y 7 all =m$ by discipl9e & inur$ to toil4 ,x is evid5t to all ! _w t1 not)/&+ ! ext5t ( _! realms 0 s exce$+ly great & spaci\s1 yet 9 consequ5ce ( ^! arrangem5ts1 ! k+s 7 necess>ily in=m$ ( e ev5t :i* occurr$3 9 addition to :at has be5 /at$1 pursuant to decrees influ5tial z ^? ( ,heav51 villages 7 erect$ at e /age & halt+-place1 at ea* ( :i* ! k+'s horses 7 pickett$1 & m5 appo9t$ :om !y call$ ,rav&1 or 8c\ri]s40 ,:5 ! ,%udahb& day by day deliv]$ ! report ( :atev] _h occurr$ into ! h& ( a c\ri]1 ! "o ne> ! city deliv]$ x into ! cu/ody ( ano!r1 & s on1 f ! c\ri]s ( ! /age to ^? ( ! villages1 until ! report rea*$ ! capital4 ,! k+ obs]v$ ! same sy/em 9 correspond+ ) ! ,umras2 at "o "t appo9t+ an individual :o 0 ) great caution to communicate ! royal despat*es )\t entru/+ !m into ! h&s ( ano!r2 a c\ri] ( ?is description m\nt$ at e /age ! k+'s po/-horses :i* 7 pickett$ at ! diff]5t halt+-places until he complet$ 8 object3 ?is description ( c\ri] !y call ,nuw&2 ! ,umras also despat*$ ,nuw&s to ! k+'s c\rt2 b ! c\ri]s belong+ to royalty or ! nobility 7 n emp[]$ to seize any individual's horse1 or practise oppression1 z !y w\ld 9 t case meet ) due retaliation3 !re 7 besides1 at ! diff]5t villages1 p]sons /ation$ z gu>ds1 :o 7 liable to be call$ to acc\nt if a travell] suff]$ oppressive treatm5t f any qu>t]4 ,%adahb&s also 7 !re4 ,az> ,h%ng1 t is1 ,mhbd1 ?us enjo9$3 8,let !re be no exactions practis$ t[>ds ! ,rayas3 let him af=d :at he well c1 & no?+ m20 !y !re=e only took su* an am\nt z ma9ta9$ bo? soldi]s & rayas 9 tranquillity4 ,all ! k+'s devot$ s]vants ent]ta9$ ?is belief1 t ! p]=mance ( :atev] 0 agreeable to ! k+ 0 att5d$ ) advantage 9 bo? worlds2 also t ! royal comm& 0 ! int]pretation ( ! ^w ( ,god1 & t x 0 highly praisewor?y to meet dea? 9 ! pa? ( ob$i5ce to ! ,great ,k+3 nay1 !y acc\nt$ dea?1 ) ! prospect ( royal approbation1 :i* is ! be/[] ( p>adise1 z f> sup]ior to life2 b he mu/ be a k+ :o acts 9 con=mity ) ! ,paiman-i-,f>hang1 or 8excell5t code40 ,9 %ort1 ! sy/em ( inquiry 0 su*1 t ! inspectors us$ to "q ! soldi]s1 :e!r !y 7 satisfi$ or n ) _! *ief4 ,) respect to keep+ gu>d1 x 0 ?us settl$2 t out ( ! f\r p]sons act+ 9 conc]t ) ea* o!r1 two w5t to sleep & ! o!r two /ood up arm$2 aga91 :5 ! sleep]s arose ! o!rs w5t to re/2 & on ! expiration ( ! night1 o!r troops came to keep wat*3 ! night s5t9els1 h[ev]1 did n dep>t b by ord] ( _! (fic]4 ,^! inspect$ ! m5 ?ree times dur+ ! night4 ,9 t mann] ea* p]son _h1 e week1 "o day's wat*3 & :5 !y retir$ f keep+ gu>d1 proclamation 0 made to ?is purport by ! k+'s comm&3 8,if any h cause ( compla9t aga9/ _! inspector or *ief1 let !m n keep x conceal$40 ,9 l mann] e mon? ! inspectors1 :e!r ne> or remote1 look$ into ! /ate ( ! milit>y2 if !y f\nd any individual1 )\t suffici5t cause1 defici5t 9 ! requisites = s]vice1 !y ord]$ him to be puni%$1 unless he adduc$ a satisfactory excuse & te/imony2 9 :i* case !y accept$ 8 reasons3 & if !y proce$$ f ov]p[]+ necessity1 !y _h reg>d to x4 ,to :omsov] !y _h assign$ l&1 ,jaghir or ,muks1 !y gave daily or mon?ly pay ) ! greate/ punctuality1 nev] p]mitt+ any defici5cy to occur4 ,if any 7 defici5t 9 ! p]=mance ( duty1 = example1 be+ abs5t "o wat* )\t suffici5t cause1 besides inflict+ ! due puni%m5t1 !y d$uct$ ! pay ( t wat*1 b n ( ! :ole day4 ,:51 = "s good reason1 he appli$ = a furl\gh1 he obta9$ x4 ,! prime m9i/] 0 oblig$ to in/itute an inquiry into any affair ( :i* he got ! necess>y in=mation4 ,! ,rais sufid1 8*iefta910 mu/ produce a ,khu%nd namah1 or 8a c]tificate10 purport+ t he _h giv5 ! due to 8 p1 & t !y 7 satisfi$ ) him2 also t :atev] rev5ue _h be5 receiv$ 0 deliv]$ ov] to ! inspector1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,anim & ,%udahb&3 ! inspectors also produc$1 9 ! royal pres5ce1 c]tificates /at+ t !y _h practis$ no oppression t[>ds ! milit>y3 & al?\gh ! spies made a report ( all p>ticul>s e week1 /ill ! k+ inquir$ besides ( ! soldi]s1 z to ! tru? ( ?is approbation4 ,! ,yazdanans nev] attempt$ a ?+ m5tion$ ) abhorr5ce 9 ! ,f>hang code1 9 :i* e fault _h its fix$ puni%m5t4 ,:5 any "o 0 convict$ ( a crime1 ! k+'s ne> att5dants nev] made int]cession = him3 = example1 pursuant to ?is code1 & by ! k+'s comm&1 ! son inflict$ puni%m5t on ! fa!r1 & ! fa!r on 8 son1 s t ev5 pr9ces ( ! blood _h n ! p[] ( break+ ?is law2 if !y 7 guilty ( inju/ice1 ! k+s !mselves inflict$ ! allott$ puni%m5t3 = example1 ,jai ,ald _h a son call$ ,hdah1 :om he himself behead$ = hav+ put to dea? ! son ( a villag]4 ,! k+'s devot$ s]vants rais$ !mselves to di/9ction by _! excell5ce & ex]tions to obta9 praise & titles3 :oev] swore falsely by ! royal family 0 expell$ f all int]c\rse ) !m4 ,!re 7 peculi> places assign$ = ! combat ( elephants1 lions1 & o!r wild bea/s1 ! backs & sides ( :i* places 7 s elevat$1 t p might behold f e "p1 )\t ! possibility ( su/a9+ injury f ! elephants & o!r wild animals3 ! k+ be+ all ! :ile seat$ on a l(ty ?rone4 ,!y nev] creat$ emb>rassm5ts 9 baz>s or popul\s places ) furi\s elephants or fi]ce lions1 b kept !m 9 remote situations & secure places su* z be=e-m5tion$1 f :5ce !y c\ld easily remove !m4 ,x is record$ t1 9 ! "t ( ,%rzd ,%ah1 ! ,yassnian1 an elephant hav+ brok5 out ( ! place :]e he 0 ti$ up1 kill$ "s "o2 on :i* ! k+1 9 retaliation = ! de$1 put ! elephant to dea?1 & also inflict$ capital puni%m5t on ! elephant-keep]s & ! door-keep]s ( ! elephant-/ables1 :o _h left ! door op54 ,! k+ nev] li/5$ to tales ( fiction1 b solely to true /atem5ts3 ! milit>y & ! rayas also nev] av]t$ _! necks f execut+ ! k+'s comm&s3 & if a travell] invok$ ! k+'s "n & ent]$ into any h\se1 ! inmates n only wa%$ 8 feet1 b ev5 drank ! wat] 9 :i* !y p]=m$ ! op]ation1 z a sov]eign rem$y1 & s$ul\sly %[$ all due att5tions to _! gue/4 ,on ! day ( battle1 ! soldi]s 7 drawn up 9 "r1 c5tre1 & left columns1 an arrangem5t :i* !y nev] violat$ 9 any engagem5t3 z :5 once dissolv$1 ! re/oration ( t comb9$ ord] w\ld be impossible3 :5 ! troops _h be5 array$ 9 ?is mann]1 !y gave ! enemy battle2 & 9 proportion to ! necessity1 ! baz>1 or 8m>ket0 ( assi/ance foll[$ !m3 ev5 aft] victory !y obs]v$ ! same arrangem5t4 ,on ! day ( triumph1 :5 ! enemy fl$ & ! foe disp]s$1 ! entire army did n give !mselves up to plund]2 b ! k+ appo9t$ = ! s]vice a c]ta9 deta*m5t1 accompani$ by ,%udahb&s & ,b9&ahs1 or inspectors & sup]visors1 :il/ ! re/ ( ! army rema9$ prep>$ = battle & ready to r5ew ! engagem5t2 n "o ( !m rais+ ! du/ ( plund] or dep>t+ to _! homes1 le/ ! enemy1 on discov]+ _! disp]sion 9 pursuit ( plund]1 might return & ga9 ! victory4 ,:5 !y _h made !mselves ma/]s ( ! spoil1 ! k+ ord]$ !m to set ap>t ! *oice/ portion = ! indig5t & ! erection ( religi\s f\ndations3 he next di/ribut$ an ample %>e to ! m5 proportion$ to _! ex]tions2 aft] :i* he gave ea* ( 8 c\rti]s a portion2 & he la/ly conf]r$ a suitable portion on ! great (fic]s2 b no "p ( ?is division ent]$ into ! acc\nt ( ! all[ances settl$ on ! milit>y class3 la/ ( all1 ! k+ drew ! p5 ( approbation ov] :atev] 0 wor?y ( ! royal maje/y4 ,"s ( ! anci5t k+s & all ! pr9ces ( ! remote ages1 f> f tak+ any "p ( ! spoil to _! own %>e1 ev5 made good e injury :i* happ5$ to ! army 9 execut+ ! royal ord]s1 z ! loss ( horses & su* l4 ,aft] ! victory1 !y nev] oppress$ ! helpless1 ! indig5t1 m]*ants1 travell]s1 or ! g5]ality ( ! inhabitants1 & ! ,rayas4 ,^? :o 7 guilty ( su* acts 71 aft] conviction1 puni%$4 ,!y divid$ among !m :atev] ! enemy _h 9 _! flight left on ! field ( battle3 b :atev] 9 ! diff]5t realms belong$ to ! conqu]$ pr9ce & 8 ne> connexions1 !y submitt$ to ! royal pleasure4 ,!y nev] slew or (f]$ viol5ce to ! p]son :o ?rew d[n 8 arms & ask$ = qu>t]4 ,?is class ( ! ob$i5t foll[]s ( ! ,az> ,hu%ang code 7 /yl$ ,f>i%tah1 8angelic20 ,sur%1 8s]aphic20 ,f>i%tah mani%1 8angel-he>t$20 ,sur% mani%1 8s]aph-he>t$20 ,sips1 8ador]s20 ,sah dn1 8upright 9 fai?20 & ,zandil1 8! b5evol5t20 oppos$ to :om are ! ,ahriman1 ! ,dvs1 & ! ,tundil1 or 8fi]ce demons40 ,! ,divs are ( two k9ds2 ! "o class subject to ! k+ ( ! angels1 :o1 ?r\gh fe> ( t pr9ce1 h be5 compell$ to desi/ f injur+ animat$ be+s2 ! second k9d consi/s ( ,dvs 9 ! realms ( o!r k+s1 :o break ?r\gh ! cov5ants ( ! law1 & slay animals3 ^! 9 tru? are no o!r ?an wolves1 tig]s1 scorpions1 & s]p5ts4 ,!y record t 9 ! "t ( ,arde%r1 ! son ( ,azd1 ! son ( ,babegn1 ! son ( ,nu%irvn1 !re 0 a ,jaiyanian *ampion by "n ,f>hd1 ! son ( ,ald1 :o 7 bo? rank$ among ! di/+ui%$ lead]s3 ,ald1 :5 9 a /ate ( intoxication1 hav+ sla9 a %eep ) 8 sword1 8 son ,f>hd1 on asc]ta9+ ?is1 made him pass "u ! %>p-edg$ scimit>2 ! p held him 9 dete/ation1 & said3 8,?\ %\ld/ h s5t ?y fa!r to ! k+40 ,he repli$1 8,my fa!r _h committ$ two crim9al actions2 ! fir/1 9 tak+ s mu* w9e z to lose 8 s5ses2 ! second 9 de/roy+ a %eep4 ,al?\gh x w\ld h be5 prop] to s5d him to ! k+1 ,i c\ld n suff] any delay to int]v5e 9 puni%+ 8 crimes3 at pres5t ,i confess myself guilty ( transgress+ ! ,abadin code1 = n submitt+ ! details ( ?is affair to ! k+40 ,he !n ord]$ himself to be put 9 *a9s1 & br\ght 9 t /ate be=e ! k+3 b 8 maje/y drew ! p5 ( =giv5ess ov] 8 crime1 & elevat$ ! apex ( 8 dignity4 ,moreov] x 0 necess>y to dr9k w9e 9 a secret place1 z !y inflict$ due puni%m5t on :oev] 0 f\nd intoxicat$ 9 ! public baz>4 ,9 tru?1 p]mission to dr9k w9e 0 only giv5 9 cases ( malady1 z f ! "t ( ! v anci5t sov]eigns ( ! ,mahabad dyna/y1 until t ( ,yssn ,ajam1 no p]son p>took ( w9e or /rong dr9ks1 except ! invalids :o 7 ord]$ by ! physicians to h rec\rse to !m2 & ev5 !y p>took ( !m accord+ to ! e/abli%$ rules3 b among ! anci5t k+s1 i4 e4 f ,kaiom>s' to ,yezdagird1 !y at fir/ indulg$ secretly 9 w9e = ! purpose ( s5sual enjoym5t1 "u color ( con=m+ to m$ical ord9ances4 ,at la/ matt]s t]m9at$ 9 ?is1 t w9e 0 op5ly produc$ at ! banquets1 & ! *ampions 9 att5dance on ! k+ p>took ( x2 b x 0 n p]mitt$ to be drunk op5ly 9 ! baz>s or /reets4 ,! k+ gave audi5ce e day1 be+ seat$ on an elevation1 t is a ,tbsr1 or elevat$ w9d[3 9 ! same mann] he took 8 seat 9 ! ,roz-,gh1 :i* is a place :]e1 on 8 ris+ f ! ,tbsr1 he seat$ himself on a ?rone3 on :i* occasion ! nobles 9 att5dance 7 drawn out 9 _! prop] gradations3 note1 t by giv+ audi5ce is meant1 turn+ 8 att5tion to ! conc]ns ( mank9d4 ,e decree issu$ by ! k+ f ! rozi/n or %abi/n ( ! int]ior or ext]ior1 0 transcrib$ by ! ,%udahb& & aga9 submitt$ to ! royal pres5ce1 & :5 its promulgation 0 ratifi$1 x 0 laid be=e 8 maje/y a second "t4 ,:5ev] a travell] ent]$ a c>avans]ai or city1 ! secret>ies ( ! place1 9 ! pres5ce ( witnesses & not>ies1 made out a /atem5t ( 8 weal? & effects1 :i* !y gave him2 & ! same at ! "t ( sale2 s t if he %\ld aft]w>ds decl>e t 8 /ock _h be5 dim9i%$ or "s "p _h be5 ab/ract$1 !y c\ld asc]ta9 its value & quantity3 !re 0 also a fix$ price assign$ to e commodity & article1 & also a c]ta9 rate ( pr(it prescrib$ to ea* v5dor4 ,! foll[+ 0 _! mode ( hunt+3 ! army be+ drawn out 9 array1 9 "r1 c5tre1 & left columns1 ! nobles & em95t w>riors took _! sev]al po/s accord+ to rank1 & dur+ a p]iod ( =ty or fifty days =m$ a circle ar\nd bo? m\nta9s & pla9s4 ,if ! c\ntry ab\nd$ 9 wood1 !y =m$ ! :ole ( x into well secur$ piles3 ! k+ !n direct$ 8 /eps t[>ds t qu>t]1 & 8 tra9 by degrees drove 9 ! game1 keep+ up a /rict wat* t no bea/ ( prey %\ld escape out ( ! circle3 on ?is ! k+1 8 sons1 & relations dispat*$ ) arr[s z _m z !y c\ld2 aft] ?is ! k+1 surr\nd$ by ! mo/ di/+ui%$ c\rti]s1 sat on a ?rone plac$ on an em95ce1 =m$ ( /rong timb]s s fa/5$ toge!r t no animal c\ld get up !re3 ! g5]als1 & !n ! :ole ( ! soldi]y *>g$ into ! c5tre1 s t n a trace rema9$ ( f]oci\s animals1 t is1 ( lions & su* noxi\s creatures3 !y next c\nt$ ! numb]s ( ! sla91 & hav+ pil$ !m 9 "o place1 =m$ a hillock ( _! c>cases4 ,if !y discov]$ a h>mless animal among/ ! sla91 !y ord]$ v5geance to be inflict$ on its de/roy]1 & ca/ 8 body among ^? ( ! f]oci\s animals4 ,!y record t 9 ! reign ( ,yssn1 ! son ( ,%h ,mahbl1 an elk _h be5 sla9 by "s tyrannically-incl9$ p]son1 on behold+ :i* ! fa!r ( ! insane crim9al1 ) ! ru?less sword1 imm$iately dissev]$ 8 son's head f 8 %\ld]s4 ,also 9 ! reign ( ,n%irvan1 ! =tunate desc5dant f ! ,%yn dyna/y1 at "o "t :il/ 9 ! pursuit ( game1 an arr[ %ot int5tionally f ! b[ ( a noble *ampion nam$ ,f>t%1 w\nd$ a de] s t x fell dead3 8 son1 ,ayn ,t%1 0 p]fectly horror-/ruck1 & 9 retaliation ) an arr[ p9n$ 8 fa!r's body to t ( ! slaught]$ de]2 s t1 9 future1 !re %\ld be no infr+em5t ( ! ,f>hang law4 ,z soon z a l(ty m\nd _h be5 =m$ ( slaught]$ noxi\s creatures1 :i* ei!r walk1 fly1 or graze1 !n by ! k+'s comm& a ,mobid asc5d$ ! em95ce & said3 8,su* is ! recomp5se ( all :o slay h>mless creatures2 su* ! retribution :i* awaits ! de/roy]s ( animals free f crimes40 ,he !n said to ! h>mless creatures3 8,! equitable k+ ( k+s1 9 ord] to de/roy ! noxi\s animals :i* cause y s _m calamities1 has come =w>d 9 8 own preci\s p]son1 & tak5 v5geance = ! misde$s ( ^! wick$ creatures3 n[ dep>t 9 peace2 behold ! v5geance inflict$ on y\r sangu9>y foes2 & commit no s9 be=e ! protector ( y\r species40 ,!y !n left a road op5 = ! innoxi\s animals to escape & ha/5 to _! m\nta9s & des]ts4 ,?is k9d ( hunt+ !y call$ ,%ikr-i-dd or ,dd-%ikr2 i4 e43 8! hunt ( equity10 or 8! equity-hunt40 ,! royal gov]nors also 9 _! respective prov9ces adopt$ a *ase ( ! l description4 ,:5ev] ! sov]eign 0 ( su* a "* z n to deviate f ! ,f>hang code1 if any p]son decl9$ r5d]+ allegiance to ! pr9ce *os5 by him = 8 successor1 t p]son 0 imm$iately de/roy$ by ! p4 ,9 ! reign ( ,%h ,gilv1 a *ampion hav+ beheld 9 a vision1 t ! k+ _h rais$ to ! ?rone "o ( ! pr9ces :o met n 8 approbation1 imm$iately on awak+ put himself to dea?4 ,%h ,gilv1 on he>+ ?is1 said to ! son ( ! deceas$3 8,:5 a p]son is awake1 rebellion is to be abhorr$2 b n 9 a /ate ( sleep1 z x is !n involunt>y40 ,also 9 ! reign ( ,bahman1 ! son ( ,isf5di>1 ! son ( ,arda%r1 ! son ( ,azad ,%ai1#cff "o ( ! g5]als1 ,bahram by "n1 gov]nor ( ,khorasan1 hav+ made arrangem5ts = revolt & rebellion1 ! soldi]s on le>n+ 8 designs put him to dea?1 & (f]+ up 8 fle% aft] ! mann] ( ! ,moslem sacrifice1 divid$ x & ate ( x1 say+1 8,he is a noxi\s animal40 ,9 ! same reign1 a *ampion1 by "n ,gil%sp1 saw 9 a trance t he _h rebell$ aga9/ ,bahman3 on relat+ ! dream to 8 soldi]s1 !y = answ] drew =? _! swords & %$ 8 blood1 say+3 8,al?\gh !re is no blame to be atta*$ to ! vision1 yet he is ! g5ius ( evil = publi%+ x abroad40 ,ayn ,%akb1 a ,mb$1 :o saw 9 a vision t he 0 utt]+ imprecations aga9/ ,ard%r1 ! son ( ,babagn1 ! son ( ,azd ! ,jaiynan1 imm$iately on awak+ cut out 8 tongue3 su* 0 _! devot$ness to _! k+s4 ,!y moreov] say1 9 ! case ( e pr9ce :o 0 adorn$ ) s\nd doctr9e1 good works1 & noble desc5t2 :o promot$ ! int]e/s ( ! milit>y & ! happ9ess ( ! ,rys1 & :o nev] deviat$ f ! cov5ant ( ! law2 t :5 any "o prov$ refractory to 8 comm&s1 t p]son's life & prop]ty 7 confiscat$ ) ju/ice4 ,! k+s made trials ( _! sons' capacities1 & conf]r$ ! royal dignity on :i*ev] 0 f\nd ! mo/ des]v+2 n mak+ ! "o k+ :om !y reg>d$ ) ! greate/ natural affection4 ,!y also said3 8,sov]eign p[] becomes n ! mon>* :o transgresses ?is bless$ law2 nei!r %\ld any pr9ce give way to ! disposition to deviate 9 ! slighte/ degree f any ( its cov5ants1 le/ f _! e/eem+ "o bran* ( ! law z ( no importance1 !y might reg>d ! :ole z ( trifl+ obligation40 ,! adorable & almighty ,god s gave 8 aid to ^! praise-wor?y sov]eigns t !y deck$ ! bride ( dom9ion ) ! ornam5ts ( equity1 b5evol5ce1 & imp>tial ju/ice4 ,m]*ants1 travell]s1 & s*ol>s mov$ ab\t 9 p]fect security2 dur+ _! reigns !re exi/$ no annoyance f ! paym5t ( tolls1 cu/oms1 & o!r exactions2 & 9 ! c>avans]ais 0 nei!r r5t nor hire4 ,! k+s _h ! cov5ants ( ! law transcrib$1 :i* !y always kept ne> !m1 & _h read ov] to !m daily by "s confid5tial c\rti]3 on great fe/ivals !y 7 communicat$ to ! milit>y & ! rayas1 ) /rong injunctions to /ore !m up 9 _! recollection4 ,! ,umras also pursu$ ! same sy/em1 & recit$ ! law to _! dep5dants4 ,9 l mann]1 ! pr9cesses ( ! ,%abi/n1 8night-ap>tm5t10 obs]v$ ! same rule4 ,!y moreov] say t e pr9ce :o1 ?r\gh ! sugge/ions ( 8 own m9d or ( 8 m9i/]'s1 adopt$ any measures except 9 con=mity to ?is law1 bitt]ly rep5t$ ( x4,jai ,alad has said3 8,:oev] 9 ! k+'s pres5ce utt]s a ^w contr>y to ! cov5ants ( ! law1 or p]suades him to d s2 ! k+ may re/ assur$ t ! object ( t p]son is to ?r[ ! k+dom into confusion40 ,:5 ! ,yezdnn pr9ces & rul]s gave audi5ce1 !re lay be=e !m a book1 a sc\rge1 & a sword2 ! book conta9$ ! cov5ants ( ! law2 & e affair :i* 0 submitt$ to !m be+ consid]$ accord+ to ! view tak5 ( x 9 ! book1 !y !n gave a decision4 ,9 ! royal dyna/y :i* prec$$ ! ,gil%n k+s1 !re 0 no violation :atev] ( ?is code2 b "u lat] pr9ces "s disord] crept into its obs]vance4 ,!y also say1 t :5ev] !y violat$ ! comm&s1 decrees1 maxims1 rules1 & decisions ( ?is cov5ant1 !y became associat$ ) regret & rep5tance4 ,:5ev] a sov]eign su/a9$ any injury1 x arose pr9cipally f inatt5tion to ?is /&>d2 & :5ev] a mon>* liv$ 9 prosp]ity1 x proce$$ f 8 scrupul\s obs]vance ( ! mo/ m9ute details ( ?is code4 ,! anci5t sov]eigns1 t is1 ! ,abdn1 ! ,jaiyn1 ! ,%aiyn & ! ,yassnan1 :o are ! mo/ r5[n$ ( k+s1 nev] lo/ sight ( ! ,f>hang ,abd1 t is1 !y did e ?+ accord+ to its dictates3 ?is code !y also call$ ,hirbud ,sr1 or 8sac]dotal purity40 ,dur+ ?is p]iod no enemy arose1 & no foe obta9$ ! supremacy2 ! milit>y & ! rayas enjoy$ undi/urb$ repose4 ,among/ ! ,gil%yn k+s1 ,hu%ang1 ,tahmras1 ,f>idun1 ,m9u*ah>1 ,kaikobd1 ,kaikhusr1 ,lohorasp1 ,bahman1 ,arda%ir ,babgn1 & ! o!rs1 _h ?is code transcrib$ 9 secret *>act]s1 :i* !y employ$ z m5tal amulets & spiritual *>ms4 ,n%irvn also1 hav+ procur$ a transcript ( ?is law1 kept x by him4 ,al?\gh all ! sov]eigns con=m$ to ?is rule1 yet none obs]v$ x 9 s high a degree z ! anci5t sov]eigns ( ! ,abdn1 ,jaiyn1 ,%aiyn1 & ,yassnn dyna/ies3 z 9 ! belief held by ! ,yazdanians1 or 8!i/s10 _! dignity s f> transc5ds t ( ! ,gil%yns1 t we c in/itute no comp>ison betwe5 !m4 ,! ,gil%yn pr9ces also ex]t$ !mselves to prev5t ! slaught] ( h>mless animals2 al?\gh ! p did n pay ! same respect to _! ord]s z to ^? ( ! anci5t sov]eigns1 yet1 z comp>$ ) _! successors1 p 7 m exact 9 ! p]=mance ( duty ?an 9 lat] p]iods4 ,!y say t ,ru/am1#cfg ! son ( ,zaul1 at ! mom5t ( ab&on+ ! robes ( mortality1 hav+ heav$ a deep sigh1 ! k+ ( ,kabl said to him3 8,o ,ru/am6 art ?\ al>m$ at dea?80 ! h]o repli$3 8,god =bid6 = ! dea? ( ! body is to ! _s ! be/[+ ( life2 & ! issu+ =? "u ! sph]e is ! be+ born f ! mat]nal womb2 :5 ! cl\d ( ! body is remov$1 ! sun ( _s %9es m respl5d5tly3 b my grief proce$$ f ?is reflection1 t :5 ,kas comm&$ ,ts to put me to ! ignom9i\s dea? ( ! gibbet1#cfh ,i refus$ to submit to ! puni%m5t4 ,al?\gh ,kas1 9 violation ( ! ,f>hang code1 _h pass$ a s5t5ce oppos$ to ! decisions ( ,mahabd1 & ev5 ! int]e/s ( ,kas 7 ultimately advanc$ by my rebelli\s conduct1 ,i am at pres5t afflict$ on t acc\nt1 le/1 p]haps1 any ?+ oppos$ to ! ,f>hang code may h proce$$ f me4 ,9 l mann] ,isf5di> 0 sla9 by my h&1#cfi & ,i refus$ to be put 9 *a9s2 al?\gh x became him n to exact compliance1 nor 0 x 9 accordance ) ! ,f>hang code40 ,da/an 7,zaul7 also liv$ 9 regret1 say+3 8,:y did ,i utt] a ^w 9 opposition to ,kai ,khusran1 on ! day :5 he *ose ,lohorasp z 8 successor1 al?\gh my s5tim5ts 7 express$ by way ( c\nsel80#cgj ,:5 ,bahman1 ! son ( ,isf5di>1 made prep>ations = lay+ wa/e ,si/an1 not)/&+ ! p urg$ ,da/an to give ! invad]s battle1 he approv$ n ( x1 b said3 8,nev] m w ,i break ?r\gh ! ,f>hang code40 ,he !n came on foot into ! pres5ce ( ,bahman1 by ^: ord]s he 0 ?r[n into *a9s3 b he f9ally atta9$ ! k+'s unb\nd$ e/eem1 & 0 releas$2 :il/ 8 son ,f>am>z1 contr>y to ! ,f>hang code1 gave ! k+ battle1 &1 be+ tak5 prison]1 suff]$ ! ignom9i\s dea? ( ! gibbet3#cga 8 son 0 also put to dea? on ! same acc\nt4 ,! implicit ob$i5ce ( ! son ,m9uf>ad to ,kobad1#cgb ! fa!r ( ,nu%irvan1 is also well kn[n2 al?\gh t pr9ce 0 n /rictly entitl$ to ob$i5ce accord+ to ! ,f>hang cov5ant1 yet ! devot$ness ( 8 subjects is highly celebrat$4 #cej ,buzurg-,mihr 0 ! celebrat$ m9i/] ( ,nu%irvan 7see note1 p4 #ajd74 #cea ,azad ,bahman is call$ by ! ,sipasian 7see p4 #f7 ! preci\s jewel ( ! intellectual pr9ciple4 ,9 ! ,z&-books & 9 ! ,bun-,dehe%1 he is invok$ z creat$ by ,ormuzd1 & z "o :o is to conduct ! heav5s2 he presides ov] ! elev5? mon? ( ! ye> & ! second day ( ! mon?2 he is ! k+ ( ! lum9\s _w2 ! o!r angels repose "u 8 gu>d2 he is ! pr9ciple ( ! intellig5ce ( ! e>1 giv5 by ,ormuzd2 ! fa!r ( ! purity ( ! he>t2 ! ,iz$ ( peace :o wat*es ov] ! p2 he aids 9 ! di/ribution ( ! wat]s1 & 9 ! production ( h]ds & o!r ri*es2 x is he :o receives ! s\ls ( ! j at _! entrance into heav51 congratulates !m on _! happy arrival1 & clo!s !m ) robes ( gold4,z5d-,ave/a1 ,i1 pp4 #ha1 #acd1 #daf1 #dah2 ,,ii1 pp4 #ge1 #ajj1 #add1 #aeb1 #caf1 & else:]e4 ,accord+ to ! ,destir 7,engli% transl4 p4 #fc7 ,bahman is ! fir/ ( ! numb]less creat$ angels4,a4 ,t4 #ceb ,vakh%r signifies 8prophet0 9 ! old ,p]sian language4 ,accord+ to ! ,destir 7edit4 ( ,bombay1 ,engli% transl41 p4 #gi71 ,sadvakh%r is an epi!t ( ,ho%ang1 signify+ 8"o hundr$ prophets40 by a mi/ake ascrib$1 z well z ! "w ,javidan ,khirid1 to ,jem%id1 9 my note1 pp4 #ca & #cb4;,a4 ,t4 #cec ,! manuscripts read 1 ! manuscript ( ,oude reads3 2 nei!r ^w is f\nd 9 any diction>y4 #ced ,! manuscripts read 1 :i* appe>s ! be/ read+2 ! manuscript ( ,oude has1 l ! edit4 ( ,calcutta1 4 #cee ,! manuscripts1 ) t ( ,oude1 read 1 ! edition ( ,calcutta1 4 #cef ,x is n decid$ :e!r 8,azizi0 "h & else:]e is a prop] "n1 or ! attribute ( a p]son4 #ceg 8,ar%iya0! manuscripts read 8,arsmai20 ! manuscript ( ,oude has 4 #ceh ,j5ghis ,khan1 8! k+ ( k+s10 0 ! "n assum$ by ,temuz ,kh91 a ,moghul1 :5 he _h succe$$ 9 unit+ "u 8 own & sole dom9ation ! v>i\s tribes ( ! ,turks4 ,he 0 born 9 ! ye> #aafb & di$ 9 #abbh ( our era4 ,8 hi/ory is suffici5tly kn[n & belongs n to ?is place4,a4 ,t4 #cei ,kazl-b% signifies 9 ! ,turki% language 8r$ head10 a "n giv5 by ! ,turks to ! ,p]sians1 s9ce !y began to we> a cap ( t col\r envelop$ by a turban ) twelve folds 9 hon\r ( ! twelve ,imams4 ,?is happ5$ 9 ! ye> #aeja1 "u ! reign ( _! k+ ,ismil ,sfi1 already m5tion$1 note #f1 pp4 #eb1 #ec4;,a4 ,t4 #cfj ,int5d+ to put an end to ! m>*4 #cfa signify also a bodk9 & a ne$le4 #cfb ,gurg91 9 ! ,%ahnamah1 is call$ ! son ( ,mlad1 & 0 "o ( ! pr9cipal *iefta9s "u ! reign ( ,khusro4 ,gurg9's "* does n figure advantage\sly 9 ! hi/ory ( ,pz%5 & ,muniz%1 "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ episodes ( ,f]dusi's hi/orical poem4,a4 ,t4 #cfc ,! manuscript translation ( ,d4 ,%ea reads 9 ?is place3 8,^! (fic]s are call$ ,smr1 or ! ,*> ,ayn ,f>angi1 8! f\r in/itutes ( law30 :i* words are n 9 ! pr9t$ edition ( ,calcutta1 b are probably 9 ! two manuscripts :i* he _h be=e 8 eyes4,a4 ,t4 #cfd ,x _c be d5i$ t ! ,p]sians1 9 v remote times1 practis$ ca/ration1 & especially ^u y\?s di/+ui%$ by _! beauty 7,h]od4 lib4 ,,vi74 ,!y are ev5 accus$ ( hav+ be5 ! fir/ among :om ?is infam\s practice & ! "n ( eunu*s orig9at$ 7,/eph4 de urbibus4 ,donat4 9 ,eunu*um1 act4 ,i1 sc54 #b74 ,ammian4 ,m>cell4 7lib4 ,,xiv7 attributes x1 h[ev]1 to ,semiramis4 7,see ^u ?is subject ,brissonius1 de ,regio ,p]s>um pr9cipatu1 p4 #bid1 #bie47 ,! passage 9 ! text p]mits u to believe t ?is cruel op]ation 0 a di%on\r+ puni%m5t1 g5]ally abhorr$1 & p>ticul>ly re/rict$ by sev]e laws among ! ,p]sians4,a4 ,t4 #cfe ,x may be recollect$ t ! int]ior s]vice 9 ! palace ( an ,indian k+ 0 ( old always p]=m$ by females4,a4 ,t4 #cff ,bahman1 son ( ,isf5di> & successor ( ,gu/asp1 is also nam$ ,ki ,arda%r1 diraz-do/ & id5tifi$ ) ! ,artax]xes 7longimanus7 ( ! ,greeks4 ,he is plac$ #eje ye>s be=e our era4 ,he reign$ #aab ye>s1 accord+ to ! ,%ah-namah4,a4 ,t4 #cfg ,ru/am1 :o 9 ! ,%ah-namah1 dur+ a p]iod ( six c5turies1 appe>s r a g5]ic "n1 or a repres5tative ( ! ,m$o-,p]sian h]oism ?an a p>ticul> individual1 ,ru/am is reckon$ ! fif? ( ! t5 ,p]sian philosoph]s enum]at$ 9 our note1 page #aab4 ,h5ce ,ru/am's philosophical reflexions4 ,9 g5]al1 we see frequ5tly 9 ! ,p]sian hi/orical acc\nts ! *>act]s ( k+s1 h]oes1 ascetics1 & philosoph]s confus$ly bl5d$ 9 ! same p]sons4,a4 ,t4 #cfh ,at ! "t t a great army ( ,turanians comm&$ by ,sohrab ov]run ,p]sia1 ,ru/am1 ! rul] ( ,si/an1 0 summon$ by ,ks1 8 liege1 to repulse ! invad]s4 ,ru/am1 al?\gh will+ to obey1 hav+ sp5t "s days 9 fea/+1 appe>$ lat] ?an 8 sov]eign expect$1 :o1 9 a fit ( rage1 aft] hav+ sev]ely rebuk$ him = 8 t>d9ess1 condemn$ him to an ignom9i\s dea?4 ,gv1 "o ( ! pr9cipal *iefs1 & fri5d ( ,ru/am1 0 *>g$ ) ! execution1 b1 refus+ to d :at he felt impossible1 he 0 s5t5c$ to %>e ! fate ( ! great h]o1 & ,tus1 a *ief m5tion$ 9 ! text1 receiv$ ! ord] to execute ! m&ate ^u bo?4 ,a reconciliation h[ev] took place betwe5 ! k+ & 8 p[]ful vassals1 ^: unit$ ef=ts 7 requir$ aga9/ ! ,turanians4 ,x 0 9 ! c\rse ( ?is w> t ,ru/am slew 8 son ,sohrab1 )\t kn[+ him1 & )\t suppos+ him at ! head ( ! ,turanian army3 ?is is ! subject ( "o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ episodes ( ,f]dusi's ,%ah-namah4,a4 ,t4 #cfi ,isf5di>1 ! son ( ,gu%tasp1 sev]al times m5tion$ 9 ! c\rse ( ?is "w1 adopt$1 l 8 fa!r1 & zeal\sly propagat$1 ,zoroa/]'s religion1 :i* caus$ a new w> betwe5 ! ,p]sians & ,turanians4 ,arjasp1 ! sov]eign ( ,tr1 hav+ invad$ ,p]sia1 ,isf5di> 0 call$ to ! assi/ance ( 8 fa!r1 :o promis$ ! ?rone to him if he repuls$ ! invad]s2 b1 deliv]$ f dang] by 8 son's successful ex]tions1 ,gu%tasp1 unwill+ to fulfil 8 promise1 readily li/5$ to sugge/ions ab\t ! trea*]\s designs ( ,isf5di> :om he emprison$4 ,arjasp1 pr(it+ by ?is ev5t1 m>*$ to ,balkh1 kill$ ,lohrasp1 ! fa!r ( ,gu%tasp1 c>ri$ (f ! two daught]s ( ! latt]1 :om he defeat$ 9 a battle & p5t up 9 a =tress4 ,isf5di>1 call$ out f 8 prison1 r\t$ ! ,turanian army & releas$ 8 fa!r4 ,moreov]1 he rescu$ 8 two si/]s 7"o ( :om 0 8 wife7 f captivity1 by tak+ ! /rong resid5ce ( ,arjasp1 :om he kill$ ) 8 own h&4 ,he 0 n ev5 !n to enjoy ! well-des]v$ rew>d1 b *>g$ ) ! mo/ p]il\s exp$ition to br+ ,ru/am 9 *a9s be=e ! ?rone ( 8 discont5t$ liege4 ,9 va9 did ! h]o j m5tion$ pr(f] 8 will+ness to submit to any t]ms ( submission except t ( be+ en*a9$2 no?+ less ?an ?is 0 insi/$ ^u3 a combat became necess>y1 9 :i* ,isf5di> r$uc$ 8 great antagoni/ to h rec\rse to ! miracul\s aid ( ,simurgh 7see note1 p4 #ee72 by ?is alone ,ru/am 0 enabl$ to kill ,isf5di> 9 a r5ew$ combat4,a4 ,t4 #cgj ,k ,khusr1 aft] a glori\s reign ( sixty ye>s1 resolv$ to resign ! cr[n4 ,he assembl$ 9 a pla9 all 8 *iefs & ! p ( ,iran4 ,aft] a magnific5t fe/ival ( sev5 days1 he proclaim$ 8 f9al det]m9ation2 divid$ ! empire among sev]al *iefs1 & appo9t$ ,lohrasp ! successor ( 8 sov]eignty4 ,?is *oice met ) "s opposition on ! "p ( ! ag$ ,zaul 7see ,rauzat-u-,safa1 ,%ea's transl41 p4 #bfc71 & al?\gh ?is *ief yield$ to ! sov]eign w1 yet he nev] paid homage to ! new k+2 & a p]nici\s misund]/&+ rema9$ betwe5 ! desc5dants ( bo? p>ties4 ,x may be rem>k$ t ,k ,khusr's abdication is q ,indian4 ,accord+ to ,f]dsi1 x 0 t[>ds ! m\nta9s ( ,india1 call$ ,amajal1 t ,k ,khusr b5t 8 /eps1 accompani$ by a numb] ( 8 *iefs1 ! mo/ anci5t ( :om he soon dismiss$1 :il/ o!rs foll[$ him fur!r1 al?\gh w>n$ by him ( an imp5d+ /orm ( sn[ :i* 0 to bury !m all4 ,he sudd5ly disappe>$1 & !y 7 nev] he>d (4 ,?is rem9ds ( m ?an "o simil> ev5t 9 ,indian hi/ory4,a4 ,t4 #cga ,?is acc\nt agrees ) ! ,%ah-namah1 accord+ to :i* ,bahman1 9 ord] to rev5ge ! dea? ( 8 fa!r 7see note la/ b "o71 invad$ ,si/an & took ,zaul ) all 8 treasures4 ,x 0 !n t ,f>m>s1 ! son ( ,ru/am1 enc\nt]$ ! ,p]sians 9 a battle3 he 0 defeat$1 tak5 prison]1 & hang$4 ,accord+ to ! ,rauzat-u-,safa 7see ,%ea's transl41 p4 #cdj71 ,bahman1 on rea*+ ,zabuli/an1 he>d ( ,ru/am's dea?2 8 son ,f>mans fell1 & ,zaul 0 tak5 prison]4,a4 ,t4 #cgb ,kobad1 ! ,cabades or ,cavades ( ! ,greeks1 ! eighte5? k+ ( ! ,sassanians1 rul$ #dc ye>s 9 ,p]sia f #dhh to #eca1 ,a4 ,d41 n +lori\sly )9 & )\t 8 empire1 f :i* he 0 h[ev] driv5 on acc\nt ( ! support :i* he gave to ! new & dang]\s doctr9e ( ! prophet ,mazdak1 ab\t :om see section ,,xv ( ?is *apt]4 ,kobad recov]$ ! ?rone by ! assi/ance ( ! ,t>t> pr9ce ,he/ial 7see ,f]dusi's ,%ah-namah71 or 7see ,h]belot7 by t ( ! nations1 call$ ,haa!lah1 :o inhabit ! c\ntries ( ,k&ah>1 ,?ibet1 & ,b>antolah4,a4 ,t4 ,,! ,,f\r? ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,dabi/an conta9s an acc\nt ( ! ,jam%aspian sect4 ,! ,yekanah-b9an1 8se]s ( unity10 also call$ ! ,jam%a1 :o =m ano!r great body ( ! ,p>sees1 are ! foll[]s ( ,jam%asp1 ! son ( ,jem%id1 ! son ( ,tahmras3 9 _! spee* !re is mu* t is enigmatical1 & endless subtilty4 ,jam%asp nev] invit$ any "o to foll[ 8 t5ets1 b he 0 ( su* exempl>y life & s great a sage1 t ! p bore him great affection1 & wrote d[n 8 say+s1 until by degrees great numb]s volunt>ily adopt$ !m z articles ( fai?4 ,accord+ to !m1 ! _w has no ext]nal exi/5ce2 !y hold t :atev] exi/s is ,god1 & t naught exi/s besides him3 a holy man has said3 8,e eye :i* is direct$ to ! primitive nature1 ,unless t+$ ) ! collyrium ( div9e light1 ,:atev] x beholds 9 ! _w1 except ?y face1 ,is b ! second image ( di/ort$ vision40 ,!y hold t all ! intellig5ces1 s\ls1 angels1 heav5s1 />s1 elem5ts1 ! animal1 vegetable1 & m9]al k+doms exi/ )9 8 k1 & are n ext]nal to x3 :i* s5tim5t k+ ,jam%id expla9$ to ,abt91 say+3 8,"k1 ,o ,abt91 t ! ,almighty conceiv$ 9 idea ! fir/ intellig5ce2 9 l mann] ! fir/ intellig5ce conceiv$ ?ree objects1 namely1 ! second intellig5ce1 ! s\l ( ! upp] sph]e1 & ! body ( ! same heav53 9 l mann]1 ! second intellig5ce conceiv$ ?ree objects1 & s on 9 succession to ! elem5ts & _! comb9ations3 & ?is is exactly z :5 we =m an idea ( a city1 ) its palaces1 g>d5s1 & inhabitants1 :i* 9 reality h no exi/5ce ext]nal to our imag9ation2 s t1 consequ5tly1 ! exi/5ce ( ?is _w is ( ! same description40 ,! ,abadian reg>d ^! say+s z enigmatical1 al?\gh ,jam%id compos$ _m philosophical works1 :i* ! ,yekanah ,b9an admit )\t any comm5t>y3 _m ( ! ,p>sees adopt ?is cre$1 & p>ticul>ly ! ascetics ( t class4 ,! belief ( ^! sect>ies is illu/rat$ by ! foll[+ tetra/i* f ,subahani3 8,! sophi/1 :o has no k ( intellect1 ,ass]ts t ?is _w is altoge!r an optical illusion1 ,9 tru?1 ! _w is an illusion2 h[ev]1 ,c]ta9ty is = ev] display+ h] effulg5ce !re40 ,on ?is subject !y h compos$ v>i\s works1 ! mo/ celebrat$ ( :i* is1 ! 8,te/am5t ( ,jam%id address$ to ,abt910 compil$ by ,f>hang ,do/oor4 ,%dah1 ,suhrb1 ,mzan1 & ,jam%sp1 :o1 "u ! pr(ession ( m]cantile pursuits1 travell$ along ) ,%d%1 ! son ( ,an%1 7 ( ! ,yekanah ,b9an sect4 ,,! ,,fif? ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,dabi/an describes ! ,samrdin sect4,9 common language ,samrd means imag9ation & ?\ght2 & ! sects ?us nam$ are ( _m descriptions2 ! fir/ is t ( ! foll[]s ( ,f>t%1 :o liv$ ab\t ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,s]p5t-%\ld]$ ,zohak's reign3 ,f>t% foll[$ m]cantile pursuits1 & 8 fai? 0 z foll[s3 ?is elem5tal _w is m]ely idea2 ! rema9d]1 ! heav5s1 ! />s1 & ! simple uncomp\nd$ be+s actually exi/4 ,! hold]s ( ?is op9ion are call$ ! ,f>to%n4 ,! second are ! ,f>%dyah1 s call$ f ,f>%d1 ! son ( ,f>t%3 he ass]t$ t ! heav5s & ! />s are also ideal1 & t ! simple uncomp\nd$ be+s only h actual exi/5ce4 ,! next are ! ,f>rajyah1 s call$ f ,f>raj1 ! son ( ,f>%id3 8 op9ion 0 t ! simple uncomp\nd$ be+s1 t is1 intellig5ces & s\ls1 also h no exi/5ce1 :i* is ! attribute ( ! necess>ily self-exi/5t ,god alone1 & t all besides is ideal1 appe>+ only to exi/ 9 consequ5ce ( ! ess5ce ( t sole exi/5ce4 ,! next are ! ,f>am&yah1 ?us nam$ f ,f>am&1 ! disciple ( ,f>raj3 he says1 if any p]son exi/s1 t p]son kn[s t ! elem5ts1 heav5s1 />s1 intellig5ces1 & s\ls are ! ,almighty2 & :at p call ! necess>ily self-exi/5t ,god has no be+1 al?\gh we1 ?r\gh imag9ation 7idea71 suppose him to exi/2 :i* he c]ta9ly does n4 ,accord+ to ! te/imony ( ! sage ,amr ,khaiam3 8,! ,creator 9 ?is ag$ _w is z a vase1 ,:i* is int]nally wat] & ext]nally ice2 ,resign to *ildr5 ?is trifl+ ab\t infidelity & fai?2 ,remove f ! place :]e ,god is only a lett]40 ,!y said to him3 8,h[ do/ ?\ prove ?is idea80 he answ]$3 8,by means ( ! sol> light we c see3 b :]e is ! sun80 ,?us1 accord+ to !m1 ! ,almighty is only an idea ( ! imag9ation3 ! p ( ?is sect are n[ mix$ up ) ! ,moslems1 & g ab\t 9 ! g>b ( ! fai?ful3 accord+ to !m a p]son nam$ ,kmkr1 "o ( ! ascetics ( ?is sect1 :o liv$ 9 ! reign ( sultan ,mahmud ( ,ghiznah1#cgc compos$ a poetical treatise1 & compil$ n>ratives1 pro(s1 & revelations con=mable to 8 t5ets2 assign+ to 8 fai? a sup]iority ov] all o!r sy/ems1 aft] ?is mann]3 t1 :atev] dev\t p]sons h record$ 9 _! respective cre$s conc]n+ ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 ! greatness ( ! empyreal sph]e1 ! ext5t ( ! angelic _w1 or conc]n+ p>adise1 hell1 ! bridge ( judgm5t1 ! resurrection ( ! dead1 ! int]rogatory & reply1#cgd ! appe>+ be=e ,god1 ! rejection ( tradition1 et]nity1 & ! creation ( ! _w1 is all correct 9 ?is cre$2 z all becomes evid5t to ! idea ( _! pr(essor ?r\gh ! exi/5ce ( idea2 ) respect to :i* !y ?us express !mselves3 8by means ( idea1 !y behold ! ideal40 ,9 pro( ( 8 sy/em1 he f>!r says3 8,self _c be ignorant ( self40 ,b 9 tru? !y are ignorant ( _! own id5tity1 & und]/& n 9 :at 8self0 consi/s3 "s ( !m ma9ta91 t ! be+ call$ man & end[$ ) voice & spee*1 is an incorporeal ess5ce jo9$ to ! body2 ! relations ( ?\ght & action result+ m]ely f its entrance or desc5t into body3 not)/&+ ?is pr9ciple1 !y diff] greatly among !mselves respect+ ! et]nity & creation ( _! own s\ls4 ,9 l mann]1 "s h also d5i$ ! simple uncomp\nd$ness ( ! intellectual s\l1 & h spok5 l>gely aga9/ t doctr9e2 consequ5tly1 z !y are unacqua9t$ ) _! own id5tity1 :at c !y "k ab\t ! heav5s1 />s1 intellig5ces1 & ,god8 & x becomes n t "o %\ld "k no?+ ab\t himself1 b t he exi/s n4 ,kmkr1 9 8 treatise1 has collect$ _m amus+ anecdotes respect+ ! ,samrdin sect1 ( :i* ! foll[+ is an in/ance3 a ,samradian once said to 8 /ew>d3 8,! _w & its inhabitants h no actual exi/5ce2 !y m]ely h an ideal be+40 ,! s]vant1 on he>+ ?is1 took ! fir/ favorable opportunity to conceal 8 ma/]'s horse1 & :5 he 0 ab\t to ride1 br\ght him an ass ) ! horse's saddle4 ,:5 ! ,samrdin ask$1 8,:]e is ! horse80 ! s]vant repli$1 8,?\ ha/ be5 ?9k+ ( an idea3 !re 0 no horse 9 be+40 ,! ma/] answ]$1 8,x is true30 he !n m\nt$ ! ass1 & hav+ rode = "s "t1 he sudd5ly dism\nt$1 & tak+ ! saddle (f ! ass's back1 plac$ x on ! s]vant's1 draw+ ! gir?s on tightly2 & hav+ =c$ ! bridle into 8 m\?1 he m\nt$ him & flogg$ him along vigor\sly4 ,! s]vant1 9 pite\s acc5ts1 hav+ exclaim$3 8,:at is ! mean+ ( ?is conduct80 ! ,samrdin repli$3 8,!re is no su* ?+ z a :ip2 x is m]ely ideal2 ?\ art only ?9k+ ( "s illusion30 aft] :i* ! /ew>d rep5t$ & re/or$ ! horse4 ,9 ano!r tale x is record$ t a ,samrdin1 hav+ obta9$ 9 m>riage ! daught] ( a weal?y lawy]1 %e1 on f9d+ out h] husb&'s cre$1 propos$ to h "s amusem5t at 8 exp5se4 ,"o day ! ,samradian br\ght 9 a bottle ( pure w9e1 :i* dur+ 8 abs5ce %e empti$ ( its cont5ts & fill$ x up ) wat]2 :5 ! "t = tak+ w9e came r\nd1 %e p\r$ out wat] in/ead ( w9e into a gold cup :i* 0 h] own prop]ty4 ,! ,samrdin hav+ obs]v$1 8,?\ ha/ giv5 me wat] in/ead ( w9e10 %e answ]$1 8,x is only ideal2 !re 0 no w9e 9 exi/5ce40 ,! husb& !n said3 8,?\ ha/ spok5 well2 pres5t me ! cup1 t ,i may g to a neighb\r's h\se & br+ x back full ( w9e40 ,he !re=e took out ! gold cup1 :i* he sold1 & conceal+ ! money1 in/ead ( ! gold vase br\ght back an e>!n vessel full ( w9e4 ,! wife1 on see+ ?is1 said1 8,:at ha/ ?\ done ) ! gold5 cup80 he repli$1 8,?\ art surely ?9k+ ab\t "s ideal gold5 cup30 on :i* ! woman greatly regrett$ h] witticism4 ,z to ^? sect>ies :o ass]t t ! _w exi/s only 9 idea1 ! au?or ( ?is "w saw sev]al 9 ,lahore1 9 ! ye> ( ! ,hejirah #ajdh1 ,a4 ,d4 #afcg4 ,! fir/ 0 ,km ,j1 :o compos$ ! foll[+ di/i*s on ,f>raj3 8,?\ kn[e/ t e ?+ is ideal1 ,if ! ,almighty has giv5 !e illum9ation6 ,! m5tion ev5 ( ideality proce$s f idea2 ,! v idea itself is no?+ m ?an ideal40 ,x is to be not$ t ,samrd & ,samwd are appli$ to fancy or idea4 ,ismail ,sufi1 ( ,ardi/an#cge has poetically express$ himself to ! same purport 9 :at is /yl$ ! mix$ ,p]sian3 8,i am ab\t to m5tion some?+ al?\gh remote f reason2 ,li/5 c>efully3 b if n1 m]cy /ill awaits !e3 ,?is _w is ideal2 & ideality itself is b idea3 ,?is exi/5ce :i* ,i call ideal1 t likewise is idea40 ,! second p]son treat$ ( 9 ! ,samrad ,namah ( ,kmkr 0 ,nk ,khoy2 ! ?ird 0 ,%d ,k%2 & ! f\r?1 ,mhyr3 !y 7 all engag$ 9 comm]cial pursuits1 & /yl$ ,moslem or true believ]s4 #cgc ,mahmud1 ! son ( ,sebektegh91 0 ! fir/ mon>* ( ! dyna/y ( ,ghiznah1 ! f\ndation ( :i* _h be5 laid by 8 fa!r4 ,dur+ a reign ( #cc ye>s 7f #iig to #ajcj1 ,a4 ,d47 he made twelve exp$itions to ,india1 & e/abli%$ 8 dom9ation 9 ! we/]n "p ( ?is c\ntry1 out ( :i* he possess$ a /ill great] empire1 :i* to ! nor?-we/ ext5d$ ov] ! :ole ( ,p]sia1 & 0 limit$ on ! nor?-ea/ by ! riv] ,oxus4,a4 ,t4 #cgd ,see ab\t x h]eaft] ! six? *apt]1 :i* treats ( ! religion ( ! ,musulmans4 #cge ,^u ,ismail ,s(i1 see note p4 #eb1 #ec4 ,ardi/an or ,arda/an is a t[n ( ! prov9ce call$ ,icbal1 or ,p]sian ,irak1 #cf leagues di/ant f ,ispahan4,a4 ,t4 ,,! ,,six? ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,dabi/an describes ! t5ets ( ! ,khodaiyan4,?is sect are foll[]s ( ,khoddd1 a ,mob$1 :o liv$ dur+ ! decl9e ( ,jem%id's p[] & ! usurpation ( ,zohak4 ,khoddd held intellig5ces & s\ls to be simple uncomp\nd$ be+s1 & ! />s & heav5s to be ! companions ( ,god2 ea* ( :i*1 9 proportion to its proximity to ! ,almighty beyond o!r creat$ be+s1 is s mu* m elevat$ 9 dignity3 not)/&+ :i* we are n to acc\nt any be+1 :e!r ! simple uncomp\nd$ or mat]ial1 z a m$iator or promot] betwe5 u & ,god2 nei!r is !re any occasion = prophets1 because ?r\gh ! m$ium ( reliance1 ! seek+ out ( ,god is atta9$1 & we are to s]ve ,god alone4 ,among ^? :o held ^! op9ions 9 ,lahore1 9 ! ye> ( ! ,hejirah #ajdi 7,a4 ,d4 #afci7 7 se5 ,kamus & ,f>t%1 bo? m]*ants4 ,,! ,,sev5? ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,dabi/an describes ! sy/em ( ! ,rdn4,! *ief ( ?is sect 0 ,rd ,gnah1 "o ( ! em95tly brave1 a lion-l h]o1 :o1 to b5efic5t acts & ab/95ce f cruelty to animals1 jo9$ ! dignity ( k2 he enjoy$ di/+ui%$ honor & rank ab\t ! end ( ,jam%d's reign & ! comm5cem5t ( ,zohk's usurpation3 8 op9ion is1 t ,god is ! same z ! sun1 ^: b\nty ext5ds to all be+s2 & t ! f\r? heav51 by reason ( its con/itut+ ! true c5tre ( ! sev5 heav5s1 is ! seat ( 8 glory & z 8 ess5ce is pure good1 8 place mu/ also be reg>d$ z a pro( ( 8 goodness3 besides ?is1 8 grace ext5ds alike to all bodies1 :e!r sup]ior or inf]ior3 moreov]1 z ! he>t1 :i* is ! sov]eign ( ! body1 is settl$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! brea/1 su* is also ! rule & cu/om obs]v$ by r5[n$ pr9ces to fix ! seat ( gov]nm5t 9 ! c5tre ( _! realms1 s t _! b\nty z well z sev]ity may be equally ext5d$ ov] ! :ole community2 &1 by su* a measure1 ! repose ( ! p & ! due regulations ( ! ,rayas may be promot$4 ,he ass]t$ t ! _s ( ! heav5s1 ! />s1 & ! ?ree k+doms ( nature proce$ f ! sol> _s1 & t _! bodies return to ! light ( 8 body2 t is1 ! virtu\s return to him or "s ( ! />s approximat+ to 8 glory1 :il/ s9n]s rema9 9 ! elem5tal _w4 ,he at fir/ communicat$ ^! op9ions secretly to 8 fri5ds1 b promulgat$ !m fe>lessly dur+ ! reign ( ,zohk4 ,9 ! ye> ( ! ,hejirah #ajeb 7,a4 ,d4 #afdb71 ! au?or1 :il/ j\rney+ f ,panjab to ,kabul1 met at ! /ation ( ,rwal ,bund two p]sons ( ?is cre$1 & ^: names 7 ,hormuzd & ,trah ,k%1 :o 7 skill$ 9 all arts1 ab/95t1 & remote f hurt+ any liv+ be+4 ,,! ,,eigh? ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,dabi/an treats ( ! ,%drangn cre$4,%drang1 a *ampion ( ,iran1 :o 9 battle 0 reg>d$ z ! ackn[l$g$ *ief ( ! m>%all]s ( armies1 & jo9$ pr(\nd k 9 sci5ce to brav]y 9 ! field1 always turn$ away mo/ /udi\sly f do+ injury to ! creatures ( ,god4 ,he appe>$ ab\t ! middle ( ,zohk's reign1 & soo!d ! s]p5ts betwe5 ! usurp]'s %\ld]s4 ,%drang unceas+ly invit$ ! p to adopt 8 fai?1 & _h _m foll[]s3 he ma9ta9$ t ,khoy & ,mani%1 8disposition & con/itution0 or nature1 to be ,god2 accord+ to 8 sy/em1 ! /ate ( man & o!r animals resembles t ( h]bage1 :i*1 :5 scatt]$ ab\t or dissolv$1 gr[s up aga94 ,a m]*ant1 nam$ ,pl zr1 :o belong$ to ?is sect1 0 met by ! au?or 9 ,ka%mir 9 ! ye> ( ! ,hejirah #ajdj 7,a4 ,d4 #afca74 ,,! ,,n9? ,,section expla9s ! ,paikrin cre$4,paikr 0 a virtu\s sage f ,iran1 :o appe>$ ab\t ! middle ( ,zohk's reign4 ,he ?us address$ 8 disciples3 8,! ,almighty is ! same z fire1 f ! effulg5ce ( :i* />s h be5 =m$1 & ! heav5s f its smoke2 z fire is bo? hot & dry1 f its heat proce$$ ! air1 :i* is hot & humid2 & f ! humidity ( ! air came wat]1 :i* is cold & humid2 also f ! coldness ( wat] proce$$ ! e>?1 :i* is cold & dry2 & f ^! conjo9tly came ! comp\nd productions1 bo? p]fect & imp]fect40 ,two individuals ( ?is sect1 ,paikr ,pazhuh & ,jahan ,nav>d1 :o 7 unequall$ 9 draw+ out a/ronomical tables1 pa9t+1 & inlay+1 7 met by ! writ] 9 ! ye> #ajei 7,a4 ,d4 #afdi7 9 ,guj>t1 9 ! di/rict ( ,panjab4 ,,! ,,t5? ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,dabi/an expla9s ! ,mlnn sy/em4,mln 0 "o ( ! brave *ampions ( ,iran & contempor>y ) ,paikr2 he exhort$ _m p to adopt 8 fai?1 :i* 0 z foll[s3 8,! air is ! truly self-exi/5t ,god1 z x is bo? hot & humid2 f its heat proce$$ fire1 & f its humidity1 wat]2 f ! effulg5ce ( fire came =? ! />s2 f its smoke ! heav5s 7z be=e m5tion$72 & f ! frigidity ( wat] proce$$ ! e>?40#cgf ,"o ( ?is sect 0 ,rohm1 :o pass$ "u ! designation ( a draughtsman2 he 0 9 tru? a pa9t] possess$ ( ,european skill2 ! h& ( ,bahzad#cgg & ! f+] ( ,mani1#cgh :o nev] rema9$ long 9 "o place4 ,9 ! ye> ( ! ,hejirah #ajdj 7,a4 ,d4 #afcj7 ! au?or beheld him 9 ,ka%mir1 9 ! h\se ( ,%do%4 #cgf ,vitruvius 7:o liv$ %ortly be=e ,j4 ,c47 says 7,i4 iv4 ,prf473 ,?ales ,milesius omnium r]um pr9cipium ,aquam e/ pr(essus1 ,h]aclitus ,ignem1 ,magorum sac]dotes1 ,aquam et ,ignem4 ,z to ! e>? proce$+ f ! frigidity ( wat]1 we read 9 ,macrobius 7,9 ,somno ,scip4 ,i4 #a7 :at foll[s3 8,t]ra e/ sicca et frigida3 aqua v]o frigida et humecta e/2 hc duo elem5ta1 licet sibi et p] siccum humectumque contr>ia s9t1 p] frigidum tam5 commune junguntur40,a4 ,t4 #cgg ,bahzad 0 a celebrat$ pa9t]4 #cgh ,9 ! ,destr 7,engli% transl41 pp4 #ahh1 #ahhi7 x is /at$ t ,mani came into ,iran dur+ ! reign ( ,arde%ir1 & made himself notori\s by curi\s pa9t+s & a new doctr9e :i* he exhibit$3 he p]mitt$ ! kill+ ( h>mless animals1 & =bade all int]c\rse ) wom54 ,aft] a controv]sy ^u ^! two po9ts ) ! k+ ,%apur1 he 0 driv5 out ( ! c\rt1 & !n lapidat$ & torn to pieces by ! p ( ! t[n4 ,accord+ to ,%>i/ani1 ,mani 0 ! son ( ,ft5 or ,fat]2 accord+ to ,mohamm$ ,b5 ,i%ak1 8 fa!r 0 ,fettak ,b5 ,ebi ,b]dsm4 ,he 0 born ab\t ! ye> #bdj ( our era1 b 8 bir?place is diff]5tly /at$ to h be5 9 ,p]sia1 9 ,babylonia1 9 ,ni%apr1 9 ,khorossan4 ,he is reput$ z a le>n$ man1 z w be %ewn 9 a subsequ5t note4 ,he appe>$ at ! c\rt ( k+ ,%pur1 ! son ( ,arde%ir ,babegan1 b inhabit$ *iefly ,turki/an4 ,z a pa9t]1 he exhibit$ a set ( pictures1 call$ 1 artang2 or 1 arzhank2 or 1 ar*ang ,mni1 :i* he said he _h br\ght f heav51 :]e he pret5d$ to h dwelt1 :il/ 9 reality he 0 conceal$ 9 a cav]n dur+ "o ye>4 ,! b>on ,hamm] ,purg/al sugge/s t ! artang might h be5 a bann] or ensign1 ^u :i* a/ronomical or cabali/ical figures 7 repres5t$1 & :i* ! ,mongols & ,buddhi/s us$ to call ,mni 7see ,jahrb4 d] ,lit41 = ,april1 ,may1 ,june1 #ahdj1 p4 #bh74 ,mni 0 besides a skilful musician1 & inv5tor ( a musical in/rum5t1 call$ d by ! ,arabs1 *elys by ! ,greeks4 ,he 0 put to dea? by ord] ( k+ ,bahram1 ! son ( ,hormuz1 ab\t ! ye> #bgh2 by "s au?ors 8 life & dea? are plac$ lat]4,see ab\t ,mni1 ,hyde1 pp4 #bhb1 #bij1 & ,beausobre1 ,hi/oire critique de ,mani*e4,a4 ,t4 ,,! ,,elev5? ,,section describes ! sy/em ( ! foll[]s ( lr4,al> 0 a native ( ,iran1 celebrat$ = 8 ext5sive k1 :o liv$ 9 reputation & dignity ab\t ! end ( ,zohk's reign1 "u ^: comm& he di/+ui%$ himself 9 ! erection ( =ts & o!r ar*itectural works4 ,8 belief 01 t ,god is ! same z wat]1 f ! ebullition ( :i* proce$$ fire2 f ! fire came =? ! heav5s & ! />s 7z be=e /at$72 f ! humidity ( wat] proce$$ ! air1 & f its frigidity1 ! e>?4 ,to ?is sect belong$ ,&>mn1 :o 0 well skill$ 9 ! managem5t ( ! b[1 ar*]y1 wield+ ! lance1 horseman%ip1 & o!r milit>y accompli%m5ts2 he gave in/ructions 9 ^! sci5ces to ! sons ( great m51 9 :i* occupation he pass$ 8 life4 ,9 ! ye> ( ! ,hejirah #ajdj 7,a4 ,d4 #afcj7 ! au?or met him 9 ,ka%mir at ! h\se ( ,%ido%4 ,to ?is sect also belong$ ,mld1 :o possess$ consummate skill 9 writ+1 & 0 held 9 great respect by m5 ( high /ation3 he 0 9 tru? unequall$ 9 ! recitation ( hi/ories1 ! n>ration ( /ories & romantic tales4 ,! au?or enjoy$ 8 society also 9 ,ka%mir4 ,,! ,,twelf? ,,section treats conc]n+ ! ,%idabian fai?4,%db :o liv$ ab\t ! end ( ,zohk's reign1 0 an em95t physician ( ,iran1 held 9 great e/imation by nobles & pr9ces4 ,he ma9ta9$ t ! self-exi/5t "l is ! same ) ! e>?1 f ! dry prop5sity ( :i* 0 produc$ fire2 & f fire ! heav5s & />s1 z be=e m5tion$2 f its frigidity proce$$ wat]2 f ! humidity ( :i* 0 =m$ ! air2 & :5 ! f\r elem5ts 7 mix$ toge!r1 ! ?ree k+doms ( nature 7 !n manife/$4 ,! physician ,mihrn 0 also ( ?is sect4 ,9 ! ye> #ajah ( ! ,hejirah 7,a4 ,d4 #afch7 ! au?or jo9$ him1 & travell$ 9 8 society f ,lahore to ,ka%mir4 ,among ^? :o held ^! t5ets 0 "o nam$ ,khk1 :o foll[$ ! pr(ession ( a m]*ant & possess$ great weal?3 him ! au?or met 9 ,lahore4 ,9 t same ye> & 9 ! same place1 he became acqua9t$ ) a "y man nam$ ,%r1 :o excell$ 9 writ+ ! ,ni%ki & ,taalik *>act]s1 & 0 "o ( ! *os5 foll[]s ( ,%db4 ,,! ,,?irte5? ,,section describes ! sy/em ( ! ,akh%yn sect4,! ,mob$ ,akh% 0 by orig9 a ,p]sian1 possess$ ( great k1 & full ( k9dness t[>ds ! creatures ( ,god2 he 0 contempor>y ) ,%db1 & promulgat$ 8 s5tim5ts op5ly1 invit+ all m5 to embrace 8 fai?3 he ma9ta9$ ,god to be ! ess5ce ( ! elem5ts2 s t :5 p say1 8,god is n visible10 ?is implies ! elem5tal ess5ce1 :i* pres5ts no =m to ! sight2 :5 !y ass]t ! ubiquity ( ,god1 !y /yle t ! ess5ce1 z he is e :]e "u 8 f\rfold =m2 _! proposition ( all ?+s except+ ,god be+ p]i%able1 means t ! elem5ts admit ( *ange1 b t _! ess5ce rema9s = ev] 9 ! same /ate4 ,!y hold ! sun to be ! s\rce ( fire & ( ! o!r />s1 su* z ! fall+ & %oot+ />s1 comets ) tails1 etc4 ,"o ( ^? sect>ies 0 a p]son nam$ ,%db1 :om ! au?or met 9 ! co/ume ( a m]*ant1 9 ,ka%mir 9 ! ye> ( ! ,hejirah #ajdj 7,a4 ,d4 #afca71 & f :om he he>d :at has n[ be5 writt51 & :i* 0 p>tly recit$ out ( ! book ( ,ak%4 ,! same ,%db1 call$ also ,%ams-ud-dn1 or 8! sun ( fai?10 compos$ a treatise entitl$ ,rzbd 9 pro( ( 8 sy/em1 :i* he demon/rat$ by texts ( ! ,koran & ! traditions4 ,accord+ to ^! sect>ies1 :i* became kn[n aft] ! ,radiyn1 !re is no resurrection nor return to life b aft] ?is mann]3 ! sem9al pr9ciple be+ d]iv$ f food1 :5 ! body ( a liv+ creature is dissolv$1 x becomes grass & con/itutes ! food ( "s o!r animal3 z to future rew>ds & puni%m5ts1 !y ent] n into ! fai? or practice ( ?is sect3 _! p>adise consi/s 9 hav+ f9e raim5t1 9 c>\s+1 rid+1 s5sual enjoym5ts1 & su* l pleasures1 :i* alone !y e/eem ! *ief good2 torm5t1 accord+ to !m1 consi/s 9 be+ sep>at$ f su* objects3 h[ev]1 ! f\nd]s & foll[]s ( ?is fai? c>efully avoid all k9d ( cruelty t[>ds liv+ creatures4 ,accord+ to !m1 int]c\rse ) daught]s1 si/]s1 mo!rs1 mat]nal aunts1 & _! *ildr5 is all[able2#cgi z !re c exi/ no antipa?y betwe5 ! s\rce & :at is d]iv$ f x3 no degree ( relation%ip 9 _! op9ion %\ld be a b> to ! int]c\rse ( ! sexes3 nay1 on ! contr>y1 x is highly to be comm5d$1 z ! ne>] ! degree ( consangu9ity1 ! great] w be ! fri5d%ip betwe5 ! p>ties4#chj ,!y h[ev] reg>d adult]y z highly crim9al1 unless ! husb& %\ld will+ly sacrifice 8 wife's honor4 ,!y 9 fact ma9ta9 t m>riage betwe5 any two p>ties1 h[ev] ne>ly relat$1 is p]fectly all[able if ! p>ties agree among !mselves4 ,!y also reg>d ! c]emonial ablutions enjo9$ by ! law z absurd & unnecess>y4#cha ,!y also say1 t m5 assume a p>ticul> nature by means ( laws & in/itutions1 & on t acc\nt reg>d good z evil1 & evil z good4 ,:5 !y desire to make a sacrificial (f]+1 !y kill "s h>mless animal & c\nt x n a f\l crime4 ,nay1 "s religioni/s :o p>take ( sw9e's fle%1 scrupul\sly avoid t ( c[s1 & vice v]s4 ,:oev] %all appeal to ! intellig5ce1 :i* is ! gift ( ,god1 w be conv9c$ t our disc\rse is true2 t is1 all we h n>rat$ f ! fif? *apt] to ! pres5t4 ,! pr(essors ( ?is belief are mix$ up ) ! ,muhamm$ans1 & travel ab\t "u t mask1 assum+ ! "n ( true believ]s1 b hav+ a di/9ct appellation = _! peculi> cre$2 !y are scatt]$ ov] ,iran & ,turan1 remote f & av]se to ! fire-wor%ipp]s4 #cgi ,accord+ to ,philo & to ,diog5es ,la]tius1 ! ,p]sians us$ to m>ry _! mo!rs & si/]s4 ,alex&] aboli%$ ^! ince/u\s m>riages 7see ,brisson1 p4 #bij74 ,we "k f ,h]odotus 7,i3 #aaa7 t ,cambyses m>ri$ 8 si/] ,atossa4 ,accord+ to ,/rabo1 ! law p]mitt$ ! ,magians union ) _! mo!rs4 ,plut>*1 9 ! life ( ,artax]xes1 relates t ?is k+ took to wife 8 two daught]s ,atossa & ,ame/ris2 b 8 "m ,p>ysatis 7,p>i-dokht1 8daught] ( a fairy071 at ! v "t %e 0 engag+ him to m>ry ! fir/ ( 8 daught]s1 said t he mu/1 9 do+ s1 place himself above ! laws ( ! c\ntry4 ,zoroa/]1 9 ! ,z& books1 recomm5ds b ! m>riages betwe5 ! *ildr5 ( bro!rs & si/]s z actions des]v+ heav54 ,we obs]ve t ! au?or ( ! ,dabi/an speaks "h only ( a p>ticul> sect1 ! cu/om ( :i* might h be5 attribut$ to ! :ole nation ( ! ,p]sians1 b )\t suffici5t f\ndation4 ,?is is confirm$ by ! anci5t tradition m5tion$ by ,aga?ius 7l4 #aa71 :o says1 t ,n9us kill$ 8 own "m ,semiramis1 because %e _h propos$ to him an unnatural connection ) h]4 ,= ?is same reason1 accord+ to ! au?or j quot$1 ,artax]xes is said to h disc>d$ f him ) great indignation 8 "m ,p>ysatis1 al?\gh he did n decl9e ! m>riage ) 8 two daught]s47,see ,hyde1 p4 #dba47;,a4 ,t4 #chj ,! translation ( ?is passage ( ! orig9al text is n1 & ought n to be1 lit]al1 z ! au?or's expressions are "h su* z an ,european read] w\ld h>dly ?9k suitable to common dec5cy4,a4 ,t4 #cha ,! same obs]vation is also applicable to ?is passage4,a4 ,t4 ,,! ,,f\rte5? ,,section ( ?is *apt] ( ! ,dabi/n treats ( ! foll[]s ( ,z>d%t4#chb;,f>zanah ,bahram1 ! son ( ,f>had1 ! ,yazdanian1 ?us relates 9 ! ,%>i/an3 ,! ,behdn sages relate1 t ! ,almighty1 on creat+ ! holy _s ( ,z>d%t1 atta*$ x to a tree1 :5 he comm5c$ ! creation ( cont+5t be+s 9 ! highe/ />ry heav5s3 ?is signifies ! prim>y intellect1 :i* is z a tree1 ! leaves & fruits ( :i* are all cont+5t exi/5ces2 & _! ass]tion conc]n+ ! _s ( ,z>d%t be+ atta*$ to x1 means t 8 intellectual s\l is a ray ( ! prim>y intellect1 ! p]fections ( ,z>d%t be+ also an effulg5ce proce$+ f t same tree4 ,! ,mob$ ,s>%1 ! ,yazdnin1 relates3 8,! tea*]s ( ! ,behdn fai? h ?us said3 ,! fa!r ( ,z>d%t _h a c[ :i* w5t =? e morn+ to ! pa/ure3 hav+ "o day come accid5tally to "s trees1 ! fall5 leaves ( :i* _h become dri$ up1 %e p>took ( !m1 & aft] t occurr5ce1 nev] f$ on any o!r prov5d] except ! )]$ leaves ( t grove4 ,z>d%t's fa!r p>took ( ! milk suppli$ by ?is c[1 & ! influ5ce ( x be+ communicat$ to 8 wife ,dughduyah1 %e conceiv$ ,z>d%t40#chc ,! object ( ! above n>rative is to %[1 t by eat+ ! gre5 foliage1 ! vegetable _s is afflict$2 = :i* reason ! c[ f$ only on dry leaves1 s t no injury c\ld result to any _s :atev]3 al?\gh1 9 fact1 ! vegetable _s is incapable ( receiv+ ei!r pleasure or pa91 x also %[s1 t unless a c[ be milk$1 %e feels great pa9 9 ! udd]1 :il/1 at ! "t ( milk+1 no pa9 ensues f ! op]ation2 also1 t ! ,almighty =m$ 8 prophet's body out ( milk1 :i* 9 its ess5ce implies no injury to any liv+ creature4 ,?is mu* be+ premis$1 ,z>atu%t ,bahram1 a ,mob$ ( ! religion ( ,z>du%t1#chd says3 ,:5 ! _w _h be5 ?r[n into confusion by ! wick$1 & 0 entirely at ! m]cy ( ! demon1 ,god will$ to raise up a prophet ( an exalt$ dignity1 :i* ! family ( ,f>idun 0 alone wor?y ( fill+4 ,9 ^? days liv$ a man1 by "n ,pur%sp1 ! son ( ,patirsp1 desc5d$ f ,f>idun2#che & 8 wife's "n 0 ,doghduyah1 a virtu\s matron1 :o 0 also ( ! family ( ,f>idun4 ,^! two p]sons 7 select$ by ! ,almighty z ! %ells = enclos+ ! pe>l ( ,z>du%t4 ,:5 five mon?s ( ,doghduyah's pregnancy _h elaps$1 %e "o night beheld 9 a dream h] h\se envelop$ 9 a d>k cl\d1 :i* conceal$ ! spl5dor ( ! sun & moon2 & f ?is cl\d 7 ra9+ d[n ! noxi\s & rapaci\s creatures ( e>? & air2 ! bolde/ ( ^! animals hav+ r5t op5 ,doghduyah's womb1 took out ! infant1 :i* he held 9 8 talons1 & ! o!r wild bea/s ga!r$ ar\nd him4 ,doghduyah 9 h] al>m wi%$ to cry out1 b ,z>du%t prev5t$ h]1 say+3 8! j ,god befri5ds me2 ent]ta9 no appreh5sions40 ,%e consequ5tly held h] peace4 ,t in/ant %e beheld a %9+ m\nta9 :i* desc5d$ f heav5 & r5t ! black cl\d asund]2 on :i* ! noxi\s animals began to fly away4 ,:5 ! m\nta9 approa*$ ne>]1 !re came =? f x a y\? %9+ all ov]1 be>+ 9 "o h& a lum9\s bran*1 & 9 ! o!r ! volume s5t by ! j ,god4 ,he next hurl$ t volume t[>ds ! bea/s1 on :i* !y all dep>t$ f ! h\se1 except+ ?ree2 a wolf1 a lion1 & a tig]3 ! y\? !n smote ^! ) ! lum9\s bran*1 s t !y 7 consum$ by fire2 aft] ?is1 tak+ ,z>du%t1 he re/or$ him to 8 "m's belly1 & said to h]3 8,fe> n6 grieve n6 = ,god himself is ?y son's gu>dian3 ?is honor$ *ild %all be ! prophet ( ! j ,god60 ,! y\? !n disappe>$1 & ,doghduyah awak+1 rose up t gloomy night1 & ha/5+ to a neighb\r+ se] :o 0 skill$ 9 ! int]pretation ( dreams1 relat$ h] vision4#chf ,! int]pret] answ]$3 8,?r\gh ?is sun-resembl+ *ild1 ! _w %all be fill$ ) ?y fame2 dep>t1 & br+ hi!r ! calculation ( ?y nativity = my inspection40 ,%e p]=m$ 8 comm&2 & ! int]pret] on exam9+ x said3 8,dur+ ?ree days keep ?is secret conceal$ f all2 return hi!r on ! f\r? day1 & receive ! answ] to ?y dem&s40 ,%e did s2 & on ! f\r? day came to ! a/rolog]1 :o smil$ on behold+ h]1 & hav+ c>efully consid]$ ! sid]eal influ5ces1 turn$ to ! int]pretation ( ! dream1 say+3 8,! night on :i* ?\ behelde/ t vision1 ! unborn *ild _h complet$ five mon?s & tw5ty-?ree days2 on 8 issu+ =? to ! c\* ( exi/5ce1 8 illu/ri\s "n %all be ,z>du%t2 by him %all ! enemies ( ! fai? be de/roy$2 b !y w previ\sly oppose him 9 battle1 & put 9 practice e ho/ile measure2 f ! evil do]s ?\ %alt feel mu* affliction1 su* z ?\ did/ witness f ! wild bea/s ( ! vision4 ,at la/ victori\s & rejoic$ 9 he>t ?\ %alt become1 ,& ?r\gh ?is unborn *ild feel all a "m's joy4 ,next ?\ behelde/ a y\? desc5d+ f ! six? heav5 ) ! glitt]+ bran* ( a tree2 t 0 ,f>rah-i-,izad1 #8! spl5dor ( ,god1' ! w>d] ( evils f ?y son2 ! writt5 volume 9 8 h& is ! emblem ( ! prophetic (fice1 by :i* he is to obta9 ! victory ov] all foes2 ! ?ree wild bea/s :i* rema9$ beh9d are ! type ( a p[]ful evil-dispos$ enemy1 :o by wiles w endeav\r to de/roy ,z>du%t1 b :o %all be f9ally discomfit$2 & !re %all be a pr9ce to promulgate ! fai?3 ?r\gh 8 might %all ,z>du%t become sov]eign ( ?is _w & ! next4 ,o ,doghduyah6 p>adise is ! recomp5se ( ob$i5ce to ,z>du%t1 & hell is ! rew>d ( ^? :o av]t ! face f him4 ,w\ld to heav5 t ,i c\ld live 9 ! days ( 8 mission1 to exhibit my zeal = 8 em95t dignity40 ,doghduyah !n said to ! int]pret] & a/rolog]3 8,h[ ha/ ?\ f\nd out ! circum/ance ( ! exact p]iod ( my pregnancy80 ,to ?is he repli$3 8,?r\gh ! p[] ( k ( ! />s1 & ! p]usal ( anci5t records1 :i* give an acc\nt ( 8 auspici\s exi/5ce40 ,doghduyah1 on h] return home1 told ?is ev5t to ,pur%asp1 t he might communicate x to ,patrasp2 on :i* bo? p>5ts jo9$ 9 prais+ ! ,almighty4 ,z>adu%t1 on issu+ =? into ! abode ( exi/5ce1 laugh$ al\d at ! mom5t ( 8 bir?1#chg s t ! wom5 ( ! neighb\rhood :o 7 !re assembl$ he>d ! s\nd ( 8 laugh1 & ev5 8 fa!r1 ,pur%asp1 8,said to himself1 he mu/ surely be an emanation ( ,god1 ,all1 ) ! exception ( him1 weep on com+ into ! _w40 ,he !n gave him ! "n ( ,z>atu%t1#chh 8,?us ! dream-int]pret]'s ^w 0 v]ifi$40 ,all ! wom5 became jeal\s at ! laugh ( ,z>adu%t1 & ?is wond]ful occurr5ce 0 spread abroad1 until x came to ! he>+ ( ,d>n ,s>n1 ! k+ ( t region1 :o glori$ 9 ! practice ( magic & ! wor%ip ( ,ahriman4 ,he _h in=mation ( ! appe>ance ( ,z>atu%t1 & x 0 kn[n f ! hi/orians & a/ronom]s t he w reveal a bett] religion & de/roy t ( ,ahriman4 ,he !re=e ha/5$ to ! pill[ ( ,z>adu%t1 & comm&+ him to be tak5 out ( ! cradle1 & putt+ 8 h& to 8 sword1 prep>$ to cut (f ! *ild's head2 b t in/ant 8 h& 0 dri$ up1 s t he left ! h\se 9 pa9 & affliction2 on :i* all ! magicians & wor%ipp]s ( ,ahriman 7! only wor%ip :i* prevail$ at t "t7 became q al>m$4 ,! magicians !n =m$ a m\nta9 ( wood1 naph?a1 & sulphur1 & hav+ set x on fire1 ?rew into ! mid/ ( x ,z>adu%t1 :om !y _h by =ce tak5 f 8 fa!r1 & ha/5$ ) ?is intellig5ce to _! k+3 b1 ?r\gh ! aid ( ,god1 8,! dev\r+ flame became z wat]1 ,9 ! mid/ ( :i* slumb]$ ! pe>l ( ,z>du%t40 ,on le>n+ ?is1 ,z>adu%t's "m hurri$ to ! des]t1 & tak+ h] honor$ son out ( ! emb]s1 bore him secretly home4 ,aft] _m days1 :5 ! acc\nt ( 8 deliv]ance 0 publi%$ abroad1 ! magicians1 evil spirits1 & demons aga9 bore ,z>du%t away1 & ?rew him into a n>r[ place1 a ?or\ghf>e = ! passage ( ox51 t he %\ld be expos$ to be bruis$ & trampl$ "u foot4 ,?r\gh ! goodness ( ,god1 a p[]ful c[ came 9 front1 &1 /&+ /ill1 took ,z>du%t betwe5 h] =e feet1 & drove (f ) h] horns :atev] c[ came 9 t direction3 :5 ! :ole _h pass$1 %e also w5t to jo9 !m2 & ,doghduyah1 aft] great se>*1 hav+ discov]$ h] honor$ son1 took him home3 :5 ?is intellig5ce came to ,drans>n1 he comm&$ !m to expose ,z>du%t 9 a f> n>r[] defile ?r\gh :i* horses 7 to pass2 b1 ow+ to div9e aid1 a m>e advanc$ be=e ! o!rs1 & /&+ at ! *ild's head kept a /rict wat* ov] him1 & ,doghduyah1 aft] enc\nt]+ great h>d%ip1 bore h] =tunate (fspr+ home4 ,on le>n+ ?is occurr5ce1 ,drans>n ord]$ p]sons to repair to ! d5s ( ! rav5+ wolves1 & hav+ slaught]$ _! cubs1 !n expose ,z>du%t 9 ! same place1 9 ord] t ! dams out ( rev5ge might te> him to pieces4 ,at night1 :5 ! troop ( wolves return$ to _! lairs1 !y beheld _! cubs slaught]$ & welt]+ 9 blood1 & at ! same "t f9d+ an infant cry+ out1 !y all hurri$ t[>ds him2 ! *ief wolf & ! bolde/ ( !m1 hav+ ru%$ on to dev\r ,z>du%t1 8 m\? became z sewn up3 at ?is miracle ! wolves 7 altoge!r al>m$1 & seat$ !mselves l s _m nurses ar\nd ! infant's head2 at ! same "t !re also came two %eep f ! m\nta9 region1 :i* appli$ _! teats fill$ ) milk to ! lips ( ,z>du%t3 ?us ! %eep & ! wolf lay d[n 9 "o place4 ,) ! morn+ dawn1 8 "m1 aft] anxi\s seek+ & se>*+1 came to t frightful place1 rais$ up ! exalt$ prophet1 & hav+ p\r$ out h] gratitude to ,god1 proce$$ ) exultation to h] home4#chi ,! magicians1 on he>+ ?is miracle1 became q despond5t2 !y assembl$ to devise "s rem$y1 & =m$ a c\ncil = ! purpose ( delib]at+1 :5 a celebrat$ magician nam$ ,purt>% & ,p>ant>%#cij said to !m3 8,z>du%t is n to be de/roy$ by y\r plans1 = ,god befri5ds him1 & ! angel ,f>-i-,izad #8! spl5dor ( ,god1' is ev] ) him4 ,bahman 7:o is ! same z ,jabril7 has borne ,z>du%t to ! pres5ce ( ! ,almighty2 & ,god hav+ imp>t$ to him ! k ( all ! secrets ( exi/5ce1 s5ds him =? z a prophet4 ,a j sov]eign w co-op]ate ) him 9 promulgat+ 8 fai?1 & e ve/ige ( en*ant]s & ,deeves %all be cut (f f ! e>?40 ,! fa!r ( ,z>du%t said "o day to ,p>t>%3 8,give me "s acc\nt ( ,z>du%t's /> & its rise2 tell me also :y he laugh$ at ! "t ( 8 bir?04 ,p>t>% repli$3 8,?y son ,z>du%t is to be a *ief1 z all ! happy sph]es af=d him aid2 ?is (fspr+ ( auspici\s c>e] w conduct ! creatures ( ,god 9 ! true way2 promulgate ! ,z&ava/a2#cia de/roy ! demon & en*ant]s1 & f9ally k+ ,gu%tasp %all embrace 8 fai?40 ,?is ann\ncem5t gave great delight to ,pur%asp4 ,at ?is "t !re liv$ an ag$ sa9t nam$ ,b>z9k>oos1 ( pr(\nd exp]i5ce & cle> disc]nm5t2 ?is sage hav+ come to ! h\se ( ,pur%asp1 entreat$ t he might be all[$ to br+ up ,z>du%t1 & acquire glory by 8 education4 ,pur%asp cons5t$ to ?is proposal1 & entru/$ ! infant to ! holy sage4 ,:5 ,z>du%t _h atta9$ 8 sev5? ye>1 ,purt>u%1 ! *ief ( ! magicians1 came along ) ,duransanun to ! *ild's abode2 & made s great a display ( en*antm5ts1 t]rific1 & fe>ful sights1 t all ! p fl$ out ( ! h\se2 b ,z>du%t1 ?r\gh ! aid ( ,god1 felt no al>m & mov$ n1 s t ! magicians w5t away fill$ ) affright & disappo9tm5t4 ,aft] "s "t ,z>du%t became ill1 at :i* news all ! magicians 7 greatly delight$2 _! *ief ,p>t>% came1 ) en*antm5ts & m$ic9e mix$ up ) m9a1#cib to ,z>du%t's pill[ & said3 8,! swall[+ ( ?is m$ic9e w r5d] ?y body tranquil & deliv] !e f pa940 ,! illum9at$ m9d ( ,z>du%t saw ?r\gh ! ma*9ation1 & tak+ ! m$ic9e f him1 p\r$ x on ! gr\nd1 & at ! same "t tell+ him ab\t ! m9a mix$ up ) ! portion1 said3 8,%\ld/ ?\ 9 a diff]5t guise conceal ?y viol5ce1 ,i c aga9 recognise !e1 ,o ?\ full ( deceit6 ,?y description is furni%$ to me by t ,god ,?r\gh ^: comm& ! _w is pres]v$40 ,! magicians consequ5tly aga9 return$ back mortifi$ at ! results ( _! wick$ plot4 ,!y say t 9 ^? times !y acc\nt$ no sy/em sup]ior to t ( magic1 & t ! demon held public int]c\rse ) p]sons ( t class s t !y obta9$ x f ,iblis )\t ! int]v5tion ( en*antm5t4 8,mank9d !n prais$ ! f\l demon1 ,z !y n[ d ! ,god ( purity40 ,nay1 ,pur%sp1 ! fa!r ( ,z>du%t1 foll[$ t pa?2 "o day hav+ invit$ ,durns>n1 ,prntr%1 & _m m magicians to a fea/1 he made ! suitable arrangem5ts1 & :5 ! repa/ 0 end$1 he said to ,prntr%1 ! *ief ( ! magicians3 8,?r\gh ! excell5ce ( en*antm5t1 :]eby our he>ts are gladd5$ & our necks exalt$1 ?y noble p]son at ?is p]iod is ! spiritual guide ( all magicians40 ,z>du%t1 be+ indignant at ?is spee*1 said to 8 fa!r3 8,ab&on ?is errone\s way1 & turn to ! fai? ( ,god3 hell mu/ f9ally be ! abode ( magicians & en*ant]s40 ,^! words greatly inc5s$ ,purt>%1 :o repli$3 8,( :at consequ5ce art ?\ be=e ?y fa!r6 ,! intellig5t ( ! e>?1 & ! great m5 ( ! habitable _w d>e n address su* insol5ce to me6 ,art ?\ n afraid ( me8 ,do/ ?\ n "k me8 ,= ?is ?y insol5ce ,i %all spread among/ mank9d su* calumnies & lies respect+ ?y cre$1 t ?\ mu/ rema9 9 obscurity4 ,:at is ?y p[] t1 )\t c\rtesy1 ?\ d>e/ slight my dignity6 8,may ?y "n be m degrad$ ?an t ( all o!r m56 ,may no desire ( ?y he>t be ev] accompli%$60 ,z>du%t repli$3 8,o son ( e>?6 ! lie ?\ utt]e/ respect+ my cre$ w r5d] ?yself be=e ,god & man ! butt ( c5sure3 9 retaliation ,i %all tell1 no?+ b tru? conc]n+ !e1 & ov]p[] !e by j argum5ts & pro(s4 8,by ord] ( ! righte\s ,god's mess5g]1 ,i %all turn ?y empire upside d[n40 ,all :o 7 pres5t1 z well z ! magicians1 rema9$ 9 a/oni%m5t at su* a /ripl+'s great intellect1 s t ,prntr% left ! h\se & ha/5$ home1 cov]$ ) confusion & disgrace3 t night he fell sick1 & 8 p also be+ attack$ by illness at ! same "t1 7 hurri$ along ) him to ! h\se ( retribution4#cic ,:5 ! honor$ age ( ,z>du%t _h rea*$ ! fifte5? ye>1 he atta*$ n 8 he>t to ?is place ( soj\rn1 nei!r did he set any value on ! _w or its conc]ns3 b flee+ away f wra? & ! pleasures ( s5se1 he ) pi\s fe> labor$ night & day 9 ! s]vice ( ,god2 :]ev] he f\nd any "o hungry1 ?ir/y1 nak$1 or helpless1 he be/[$ on !m food1 raim5t1 & ! ne$ful supplies2 8 piety & s9c]ity 7 consequ5tly r5[n$ among/ all p1 al?\gh he )drew f ! public gaze4 ,:5 he _h rea*$ ! age ( ?irty1 he direct$ 8 face t[>ds ,iran1 9 company ) sev]al m5 & wom5 & "s ( 8 own relations2 9 ! c\rse ( ?is j\rney1 !y came to a l>ge expanse ( wat]1 on :i* !re 0 n a boat to be f\nd3#cid z x is n meet = wom5 to expose _! p]sons1 p>ticul>ly be=e /rang]s1 he became anxi\s ab\t ! means ( tak+ !m ov] 9 ! pres5ce ( _! fell[ travell]s2 he !re=e p\r$ out 8 di/ress be=e ! ,god ( ju/ice1 entreat+ f him a passage ov] t wide expanse ( wat]2 aft] :i*1 by ! ord] ( ! ,almighty1 he cross$ ov]1 ) 8 companions & relations1 9 su* guise t ! soles ( _! feet only 7 moi/5$ by ! wat]2 f9ally1 9 ! end ( ,isf&>maz1#cie on ! day ( ,anrn1 :i* is ! la/ day ( e sol> mon?1 he rea*$ ! conf9es ( ,iran4 ,at t p]iod ! p ( ,iran held a great fe/ival at :i* 7 assembl$ bo? high & l[1 & !re=e ,z>tu%t took 8 c\rse to t qu>t]4 ,at night1 :il/ alone 9 "s halt+ place1 ?r\gh 8 enlight5$ _s he beheld1 9 a vision1 a mighty army#cif advanc+ f ,bactria1 or ! ,we/1 :i* f ho/ile motives block$ up 8 road on e side2 9 ! same place he beheld ano!r army com+ f ,nimroz1 or 8mid day10 & :5 bo? armies came to close qu>t]s ) ! sword1 ! ,bactrian or ,we/]n troops 7 put to ! r\t4 ,! exam9] ( ! vision ?us int]pret$ x3 8,:5 ,z>du%t1 hav+ be5 tak5 into ! pres5ce ( ,god1 %\ld discov] all ! my/]ies ( creation1 t aft]w>ds1 on 8 return f heav51 to promulgate ! ,dnbah1 or #8true fai?1' ! ,dvs & ,magicians1 hav+ f\nd out 8 int5tions1 w\ld ) all exp$ition make w> aga9/ him4 ,mizumah1#cig ! angel :o att5ds ! s]vants ( ,god1 on le>n+ ?is w promote ! bett] fai?1 & 9 consequ5ce ! ,a/a va z& w be read ) a l\d voice1 & ?r\gh ?is ! demons & magicians %all be disp]s$ & flee away40 ,on ! int]pretation ( ! dream1 he ha/5$ to ! fe/ival1 inspir$ ) great delight4 ,:5 he _h return$ f ! banquet+-place1 he set out ab\t ! middle ( ,ardbihi/1#cih on ! ,dmihr1 ! fifte5? day ( e sol> mon?1 & came to a deep1 broad1 & ext5sive wat]1 nam$ ,dbat1#cii 9 ! ,a/awa/a2 !re recomm5d+ himself to ! ,"l1 he /epp$ into ! wat]1 :i* at fir/ rose up to ! calf ( 8 legs1 !n to 8 knees1 wai/1 & f9ally to 8 neck2 :i* ev5t 0 ?us int]pret$2 8! division ( ! wat] into ^! f\r portions signifies1 t 9 n9e ?\s& ye>s ! ,dnbah1 #8! true fai?1' %all be f\r times r5ew$2 ! fir/ "t by ! ag5cy ( ,z>du%t1 :o 0 s5t to promulgate ! ,bahdn2 ! second by ,hu%d>2 ! ?ird by ,hu%d>mh2 & ! f\r? by ,s>s%2 all f\r desc5dants f ,z>du%t40 ,:5 ! prophet _h ga9$ ! opposite %ore1 he wa%$ 8 p]son z pure z 8 s\l1 & putt+ on undefil$ g>m5ts1 engag$ 9 pray]4#djj ,t v day1 ,bahman1 ! mightie/ ( ! angels1 7:om ! ,muhamm$ans call ,jabriel7 came rob$ 9 light to ,z>du%t1 & hav+ ask$ 8 "n1 said3 8,:at do/ ?\ mo/ desire 9 ?is _w80 ,z>du%t hav+ answ]$1 8,i h no desire b t ( pleas+ ,god2 my he>t seeks aft] no?+ b righte\sness2 & my belief is t ?\ wilt guide me to d :at is good30 !n ,bahram repli$ 8,arise6 t ?\ maye/ appe> be=e ,god2 entreat f 8 ,maje/y :atev] ?\ desire/1 f 8 b\nty he w return !e a pr(itable answ]40 ,z>du%t !n arose1 & accord+ to ,bahram's ord] %ut 8 eyes = an in/ant2 on op5+ !m he f\nd himself 9 ! bright empyreal1 :]e he beheld an assemblage ?r\gh ^: effulg5ce 8 %ad[ became visible3 f t assemblage to ! next1 0 a di/ance ( tw5ty-f\r paces2 & also ano!r assemblage ( be+s =m$ ( light wait$ on by virg9s ( p>adise4 ,! angels ga!r$ ar\nd ,z>du%t & w>mly greet$ him1 po9t+ him out to ea* o!r1 until ! honor$ son ( ,esp9taman#dja came be=e ,god1 to :om ) joy\s he>t & trembl+ body he address$ ! pray]s ( supplication4 ,x is necess>y to obs]ve "h1 t ! ,bhidnian1 8believ]s ( ! et]nal doctr9e10 unanim\sly ma9ta9 t ,bahman assum$ ! human figure1 & t ,z>du%t asc5d$ to ! heav5s 9 8 elem5tal body2 b1 accord+ to ! cre$ ( ! intellig5t ,abdin1 ! matt] is ?us /at$3 8,by ! com+ ( ,bahman 9 ! human =m & 8 speak+ l a mortal1 is meant t ! true ess5ce ( man is uncomp\nd$ & simple1 n a body nor any ?+ mat]ial2 & t1 "u su* a quality1 t is1 uncomp\nd$ness1 he manife/$ himself to ,z>du%t2 & 8 say+ #8close ?y eyes1' is figurative1 & implies ! eradication ( ! atta*m5ts & d>kness ( ! elem5tal body2 :5 he ?us became a simple uncomp\nd$ exi/5ce1 he arriv$ at ! heav5s /yl$ ! #8et]nal empyrean2' ! fir/ company ( angels signifies ! s\ls on high1 & ! second1 ! exi/5ce ( ! cele/ial intellig5ces2 ! int]rogatories address$ to him by ! angels imply1 t :5 ! s\l leaves ! upp] _w1 x desc5ds into ?is l[] abode to enc\nt] w&]+s & calamity2 b :51 by ! attractive influ5ce ( ,bahman & ?r\gh ! en]gy ( intellig5ce1 x returns on high1 ! angels feel delight on ! occasion4 ,he next asc5d$ to ! _w ( simple uncomp\nd$ be+s1 & came ne> ,god2 ! delight exp]i5c$ by ,z>du%t signifies1 ! fre$om f al>m & fe> enjoy$ 9 t pure _w2 & 8 bodily tremor is emblematic ( ! effulg5ce ( ! div9e ,maje/y40 ,he !n ask$ ( ! ,god ( ju/ice3 8,:i* ( ?y s]vants on e>? is sup]ior to ! re/80 ,god ?us answ]$3 8,! righte\s pr(essor ( righte\sness2 secondly1 he :o to righte\sness jo9s g5]osity & lib]ality1 walk+ unceas+ly 9 ! way ( righte\sness & )draw+ f evil2 ?irdly1 he :o is fri5dly to fire & wat]1 to all liv+ & animat$ be+s2 = man1 by ! k & practice ( ?is precept1 deliv]s himself f hell & atta9s to union ) ! et]nal p>adise4 ,o1 ,z>du%t6 :i*ev] ( my s]vants 9 ?is transitory soj\rn ( exi/5ce practises oppression & cruelty t[>ds my creatures1 & av]ts 8 head f ob$i5ce to my comm&s1 repeat ?\ to su* ?is w>n+3 t unless he desi/ f rebellion1 he %all dwell 9 hell to all et]nity40 ,z>du%t aga9 ask$3 8,o mo/ j ,god1 imp>t to me ! names ( ! ,am%sf&s1#djb t is1 ( ! angels ! mo/ acceptable 9 ?y pres5ce2 gladd5 me by _! names & sight2 cause me to he> _! disc\rse2 & graci\sly enable me to disc]n ! impi\s ,ahriman1#djc :o turns n to good ?r\gh 8 evil nature2 give me p[] to behold ! good & evil ( ?is _w1 & its t]m9ation2 ! effect ( ! revolv+ sph]e1 ) ! successive production ( modes or ! reappe>ance ( ?+s40 ,:5 he _h ?us laid be=e ! ,almighty ! secret wi%es ( 8 he>t1 he receiv$ ?is answ]3 8,i am ! au?or ( good2 ! b5evol5t & ! b5efic5t2 ,i nei!r d evil1 nor enjo9 x to be committ$4 ,i cons5t n to wick$ness1 nei!r d ,i br+ calamity on my creatures3 evil & wick$ness belong exclusively to ,ahriman4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 incumb5t on me to keep 9 hell to all et]nity ! troops ( ,ahriman 9 rew>d = _! de$s3 ! ignorant only ass]t t ,i am ! 8au?or ( evil40#djd ,! ,almighty !n made ,z>du%t acqua9t$ ) ! cele/ial revolutions & ! motions ( ! />s1 & _! good & evil influ5ces2 he also %[$ him p>adise fill$ ) light1 angelic nymphs1 palaces1 & ,am%sf&s2 communicat+ to him at ! same "t ! k ( all my/]ies1 & tea*+ him all sci5ces1 s t he knew e ?+ f ! comm5cem5t ( exi/5ce to ! end ( "t2 he likewise %[$ him ,ahriman 9 ! gloom ( hell1 :o1 on behold+ ,z>du%t cri$ al\d3 8,turn away f ! fai? ( ,god1 t ?\ maye/ obta9 all ?y desires 9 ?is _w40#dje ,:5 ! ,"l _h ?us in/ruct$ ,z>du%t1 he beheld a m\nta9 ( flam+ fire1 :i* at ! comm& ( ,god he trav]s$ )\t any injury to 8 p]son2 !y next p\r$ molt5 brass on 8 guileless1 silv]-l bosom1 & n a s+le hair ( 8 body 0 t\*$2 !y next op5$ 8 /oma*1 & tak+ out all ! inte/9es aga9 replac$ !m1 on :i* ! w\nd imm$iately clos$ )\t leav+ a ve/ige ( ! incision beh9d4 ,! j ,god !n said to ,z>du%t3 8,?\ ha/ pass$ ov] ! m\nta9 ( fire1 & had/ ?y /oma* r5t op52 !re=e tell mank9d :oev] turns away f ! ,dnbah1 #8pure fai?1' & passes ov] to ,ahriman1 9 ! same mann] %all ! blood ( 8 body be p\r$ out2 he %all dwell 9 ! fire1 & nev] atta9 to ! joys ( p>adise4 ,aga91 ! molt5 brass1 :i* on contact ) ?y brea/ became congeal$ l ice1 caus+ !e no injury1 is a sign t ! nation1 at ! sugge/ion ( ,ahriman1 w turn away f ! fai?2 & also t :5 ! ,dnbah %all be promulgat$ 9 ! _w1 ! high ,mob$ %all gird 8 lo9s to give !m battle4 8,! he>t ( mank9d 0 h>ass$ ) d\bt1 ,h[ev] ?\ kn[e/ ?is brass 0 b a sign2 ,x is !re=e meet t ,az>bd1 ! son ( ,mrasf&1 ,%\ld imp>t to ea* individual c\nsel ( e k9d2 ,?is molt5 brass he %\ld p\r on 8 brea/1 ,f :i* no injury %all result to him4 8,s t1 on behold+ ?is miracle1 all mank9d ) he>t & s\l w foll[ ! "r true road40 ,aft] ?is1 ,z>du%t ask$ ( ! ,god ( ju/ice3 8,9 :at mann] %all ?y wor%ipp]s celebrate ?y praise & :at is to be _! ,kiblah80 ,! ,"l answ]$3 8,tell all mank9d t e bright & lum9\s object is ! effulg5ce ( my light2 at ! "t ( wor%ipp+ me1 let !m turn to t side1 9 ord] t ,ahriman may flee f !m2 9 ! _w !re is no exi/5ce sup]ior to light1 out ( :i* ,i h creat$ p>adise1 ! angelic nymphs1 & all t is pleasant1 :il/ hell 0 produc$ out ( d>kness4 8,:]ev] ?\ art1 & 9 :i*ev] ( ! two abodes1 ,do/ ?\ n p]ceive t ei!r place is =m$ out ( my light80 ,hav+ ?us taught ,z>du%t ! ,ave/a & ! ,z&1 he said to him3 8,recite ?is celebrat$ volume to k+ ,gu%tasp1 t ?r\gh x he may obta9 wisdom2 tell him also to atta9 a p]fect k ( me2 no "o %\ld ev] call me ! work] ( inju/ice2 comm& ! ,mob$s & all mank9d to sep>ate !mselves f demons & magicians40 8,z>du%t !n enl>g$ on ! praises ( ! ,almighty ,"l40 ,:5 ! prophet's desires & purpose _h be5 ?us completely atta9$1 he 0 met on 8 return by ! ,am%sf& ,bahman1 ! protector & *ief ( ! %eep1 :o said to him3 8,to !e ,i deliv] ! %eep & all h]ds2 tell ! ,mob$s1 sages1 & all m5 to gu>d !m well2 prohibit !m f putt+ to dea? calf1 lamb1 "y %eep1 or any o!r quadrup$1 z m5 d]ive great b5efits f !m3 8,we mu/ nev] be guilty ( excess 9 slaught]40 8,i receiv$ ^! flocks f ! ,almighty1 & n[ accept !m f me2 acc\nt n my words z unimportant1 b inculcate ob$i5ce to !m on "y & old30 on :i* ,z>du%t accept$ ! tru/4 ,! ,mob$ ,s>u% us$ to say3 8,! ,yezdanians ma9ta9 t1 :5 ,bahman =bade ! kill+ ( "y quadrup$s1 he well knew x to be equally wrong to slay ! old2 fir/1 because 9 _! y\?1 al?\gh !y r5d]$ _m s]vices1 !y receiv$ no wages = _! labor2 & secondly1 9 old age !y produce "y animals2 consequ5tly1 :]e ,z>du%t 9 "s passages holds x lawful to slay animals1 b )\t committ+ excess2 by ! precept is meant1 ! expulsion ( animal qualities f our exi/5ce2 & by avoid+ excess is meant1 t we %\ld gradually bani% all vile prop5sities f ourselves1 su* z eat+ to excess1 :i* is an animal quality1 b :i* _c be discont9u$ at once2 x !re=e becomes necess>y to less5 ! quantity ( food gradually1 z /at$ by u "u ! head ( ! ,sh ,ke%n40 ,aft] ,bahman1 ! ,am%sf& ,ardebihi/#djf com+ =w>d1 said to ,z>du%t3 8,o accept$ ( ,god6 be> f me ?is message to k+ ,gu%tasp1 & say to him3 #8,to !e h ,i deliv]$ :atev] relates to fire4 ,let !re be suitable places ( great spl5dor 9 e city = ! g5]al wor%ip2 appo9t /at$ times & ,hirbuds1 or #8m9i/]s' = ! purpose ( adoration2 because t light is an emanation ( ! div9e effulg5ce4 ,do/ ?\ n p]ceive h[ e ?+ /&s 9 ne$ ( fire1 :i* requires only wood f ! human race8' 8,its body appreh5ds n dea? nor ! decrepitude ( age1 ,:5 ?\ laye/ wood )9 ! influ5ce ( its sph]e4 8,su* is its prop]ty to indicate ! tru?1 t if ?\ burn p]fumes x diffuses fragrance among ! assembl$ p3 f unpleasant odors a correspond5t effect ensues2 x also bani%es ! affliction ( cold4 ,z fully z ,god ha? deliv]$ x to me1 d ,i n[ give x 9 *>ge to !e6 ,:oev] turns away f my c\nsel & advice becomes ! captive ( hell1 & incurs ! displeasure ( ,god40 ,:5 ,z>du%t _h dep>t$ f ,bahman1 ! ,am%sf& ,%ahriv> came =w>d & said to him3 8,on ?y arrival f ! upp] to ! l[] _w1 tell m5 to furbi% & poli% up _! arms1 & always to keep !m 9 good ord] & read9ess2 9 ! day ( battle let !m n quit _! po/s1 b display h]oic ex]tion & n resign _! po/ to any o!r40 ,asf&rmaz !n com+ =w>d1 aft] _m b5$ictions said to ,z>du%t3 8,?is is ! comm& ( ! ,almighty to mank9d1 let !m keep ! e>? pure1 & remove blood1 pollution1 & dead bodies to "s uncultivat$ place4 8,among pr9ces1 t sov]eign is by f> ! be/ ,:o ex]ts himself to improve ! face ( ! e>?40 ,:5 ,z>du%t _h dep>t$ !nce1 ,khrdd advanc$1 & ) b5$ictions ?us address$ him3 8,to ?y *>ge ,i assign all wat]s ( runn+ /reams1 riv]s1 wat]-c\rses1 rivulets1 wells1 & all besides2 say ?\ to mank9d3 8,?r\gh wat] is ! body ( e creature ma9ta9$ 9 life2 ,?r\gh x ! face ( e tract & region is kept 9 bloom4 8,let !m keep dead bodies f> remov$ f x1 & let !m n defile x ) blood or any dead c>cass1 z ! food dress$ ) su* wat] furni%es an un:olesome repa/40 ,murdd next came =w>d & said to ,z>du%t3 8,let n m5 he$lessly de/roy ! vegetable productions ( ! e>? or pluck !m f _! place3 8,z ^! =m ! delight ( bo? man & bea/4 8,also1 ,o prophet ( ,god6 s5d ,mob$s ar\nd ! :ole c\ntry1 & appo9t a wise p]son 9 e city to communicate ^! tid+s to all m53 let !m und]/& ! ,ave/a1 & b9d ar\nd _! wai/ ! zone1 :i* is a sign ( ! pure fai? & con/ancy 9 x1 & let !m endeavor to keep ! f\r sub/ances 7elem5ts7 undefil$3 8,out ( ! f\r elem5ts has ! body ( e animal ,be5 compos$ by ! supreme & j ,"l3 ,x is !re=e necess>y to keep !m undefil$1 ,acc\nt+ !m among ! *oice bless+s ( ,god40 ,x is to be rememb]$ t ! conf]5ce ( all ^! angels ) ,z>du%t 0 a revelation & message f ,god2 b !re 0 a m transc5d5t dignity 9 ?is fact1 t ! ,almighty himself address$ ,z>du%t )\t ! int]v5tion ( angels1 & imp>t$ to him ! my/]ies ( all t exi/s4#djg ,z>du%t hav+ ?us obta9$ f ,god ! accurate k ( all my/]ies1 drew ne> ?is elem5tal _w1 :il/ ! magicians & demons1 ) a dreadful ho/1 block$ up 8 road2 aft] :i* ! *ief en*ant] & ! head ( ! demons & 8 ho/ ?us address$ ,z>du%t3 8,keep ! ,ave/a & ,z& conceal$2 ?y incantation1 fraud1 & artifice make no impression on u3 if ?\ kn[e/ u1 ?\ wilt turn away f su* practices40 ,on he>+ ?is1 ,z>du%t recit$ al\d "o *apt] ( ! ,ave/a & ,z&2 :5 ^! s\nds rea*$ ! demons1 !y hid !mselves "u gr\nd1 & ! magicians trembl$2 a "p ( ! en*ant]s di$ on ! spot1 & ! rema9d] implor$ = m]cy4 ,! ,mob$ ,sur%1 ! ,yezdnian1 has be5 he>d to say3 8,x is record$ 9 ! treatise ( ,mhn ,f>% t1 accord+ to ! doctors ( ! pure fai?1 :5 ,z>du%t _h ?us obta9$ ! victory ov] ! demons1 & 0 proce$+ to an int]view ) ! great k+ ,gu%tasp1 !re happ5$ to be two oppressive & infidel k+s 9 8 road2 ^! ,z>du%t invit$ to adopt ! pure fai? & turn away f _! evil practices2 b !y he$$ n 8 words1 he !re=e pray$ to ,god1 & !re began to bl[ a mighty w9d1 :i* lift$ up ^! two k+s on high & kept !m susp5d$ 9 ! air2 ! p :o came ar\nd 7 a/oni%$ on behold+ ?is sight2 ! birds also f e qu>t] ( ! sky flock$ ar\nd ! two k+s1 & ) beaks & talons tore (f _! fle% until _! bones fell to ! gr\nd4#djh ,z>atu%t1 ! son ( ,bahram1 says1 t :5 ,z>du%t aft] 8 victory arriv$ at ! c\rt ( ! great k+ ,gu%tasp1 he call$ on ! "n ,god1 & !n s\ght access to ! sov]eign4#dji ,he beheld ! fir/ rank1 compos$ ( ! gr&ees & *ampions ( ,iran & o!r regions1 /&+ ar\nd2 & above ^! two ranks ( sages1 philosoph]s1 & le>n$ m51 :o took prec$5ce ( ea* o!r 9 proportion to _! k1 = ?is great k+ 0 exce$+ly atta*$ to m5 ( sci5ce2 he next beheld ! mon>* ( ! _w seat$ on a l(ty ?rone1 & 8 br[s encircl$ ) a co/ly cr[n3 on :i* ,z>du%t 9 eloqu5t language recit$ ! praises ( ! k+4 ,f>znah ,bahram1 ! son ( ,f>had1 ( ! ,yazdanian sect1 relates ?us 9 ! ,%ri/n3 8,! doctors ( ! pure fai? say1 t :5 ,z>du%t ent]$ into k+ ,gu%tasp's assembly1 he held 9 8 h& a blaz+ fire :i* caus$ him no injury2 he !n transf]r$ t fire to ! k+'s h&s1 :i* 9 l mann] rema9$ unhurt2 he aft]w>ds gave x into ! h&s ( o!rs & /ill no trace ( burn+ appe>$2 he next lay d[n1 & ord]$ molt5 brass to be p\r$ on 8 bosom f\r diff]5t times3 al?\gh ! molt5 metal came on 8 brea/1 no bodily injury result$ f x40#daj ,z>atu%t1 ! son ( ,bahram1 adds3 ,! sov]eign ( ,iran hav+ ?us asc]ta9$ ! dignity ( ! prophet ( ! human race1 address$ him ) t]ms ( e>ne/ affection1 & ord]+ a *air to be br\ght1 plac$ him 9 front ( ! royal ?rone1 above ! two ranks ( ! philosoph]s4 ,z>du%t1 agreeably to ! k+'s comm&1 hav+ tak5 ?is seat1 manife/$ to all ! assembly ! preci\s diamonds ( 8 intellectual /ores4 ,! sages & em95t m5 ( ! ext]ior circles on 8 "r & left ent]$ on ! pa? ( controv]sy1 b 7 f9ally refut$1 "o aft] ano!r4 ,!y say t on ?is day ?irty ( ! sages seat$ on 8 "r1 be+ unable to )/& ! argum5ts ( ,z>du%t1 bore te/imony to 8 k & tru?2 & 9 l mann] ?irty ( ! wise m5 on 8 left 7 ov]p[]$ & conv9c$4 ,:5 su* sages1 :o _h n _! equals 9 ! sev5 climates1 _h be5 ?us confut$1 ! illu/ri\s pr9ce call$ ! prophet ( ! ,"l into 8 pres5ce1 & = fur!r conviction que/ion$ him on v>i\s sci5ces & ! traditions ( old2 & hav+ receiv$ conclusive answ]s on all ^! po9ts he 0 /ruck ) amazem5t4 ,! great k+ !re=e assign$ to ! prophet ( ! j ,"l a dwell+ adjac5t to 8 own palace1 & ! philosoph]s dep>t$ home ) afflict$ he>ts4 ,dur+ ! :ole night !y read ov] books ) ea* o!r1 & conc]t$ ) ea* o!r h[ !y might1 ! foll[+ morn+1 conduct ! argum5t & controv]sy ) ,z>du%t2 :il/ ! prophet ( ! ,"l on com+ to 8 h\se1 accord+ to 8 cu/om1 desi/$ n until morn+ f acts ( wor%ip & praise4 ,! foll[+ day1 :5 ,z>du%t & ! philosoph]s assembl$ ar\nd ! k+1 :atev] ! sages advanc$ :i* 0 n /rictly con=mable to tru?1 ,z>du%t produc$ a hundr$ argum5ts1 bo? !oretical & practical1 to invalidate ! ass]tion2 & if !y dem&$ a pro( ( :atev] he himself advanc$1 he adduc$ a hundr$ conv9c+ demon/rations4 ,gu%tasp accord+ly increas$ ! dignity ( ! ,"l's prophet1 & inquir$ 8 "n1 l9eage1 & native city2 to :i* que/ions ,z>du%t return$ ! meet answ]1 & said3 8,o great k+1 to-morr[ is ! day ( ,hormuz1 or ! fir/ ( ! mon?2 comm& ! *iefs ( ! milit>y to assemble & all ! philosoph]s to appe>1 t ,i may r$uce all to sil5ce1 z ,i h done ?is assembly1 & give answ]s :i* w dumbf\nd !m2 aft] :i* ,i %all execute ! commission ) :i* ,i am entru/$40 ,gu%tasp issu$ ! requisite ord]1 & !y all return$ home ) ?is agreem5t4 ,z>du%t1 f incl9ation & habit1 cont9u$ 9 supplication to ! ,"l2 & ! wise m5 said to ea* o!r3 8,?is /rang] has twice degrad$ u wise m51 tak5 away our reputation1 & obta9$ favor ) ! k+30 !y !re=e conf]r$ ) ea* o!r h[ !y c\ld mo/ effectually oppose ,z>du%t & refute 8 argum5ts4 8,) ?is und]/&+ ea* retir$ to 8 own abode1 ,& ?r\gh anxiety n "o ( !m slept all t night40 ,on ! ?ird day1 ! nobles1 doctors1 & wise m5 assembl$ ar\nd ! k+1 & ,z>du%t also advanc$ into ! company3 al?\gh ! sages & le>n$ m5 _h mutually comb9$ to conf\nd him by argum5t1 !y 7 all f9ally refut$4 ,:5 ! philosoph]s 7 no long] able to utt] a ^w1 ! sup]ior p]sonages gave place to ,z>du%t1 on :i* ! prophet ( ! ,"l loos$ 8 tongue & said to ,gu%tasp3 8,i am ! envoy ( ! ,"l ! ,creator ( ! heav5s1 e>?1 & />s2 ! dis9t]e/$ be/[] ( daily food to 8 s]vant3 he :o has br\ght !e f non-exi/5ce into be+ & made k+s ?y s]vants1 has s5t me to !e40 ,!n tak+ ! ,ave/a & ,z& out ( a case1 he add$3 8,?is volume ,god has giv5 to me1 & s5t me =? to ! human race ) ! comm&m5ts nam$ ,a/awaz&1 :i* require implicit ob$i5ce2 if ?\ wilt con=m to ! comm&s ( ,god1 9 l mann] z he has made !e sov]eign ( ! _w1 he w also make !e et]nally happy 9 futurity & p>adise2 b if ?\ av]t ! head f 8 comm&1 ?\ incurre/ ! displeasure ( ! j ,god2 ! f\ndation ( ?y greatness %all be r5t1 & ?\ %alt f9ally become a d5iz5 ( hell4 8,adopt no l9e ( conduct ?r\gh ! sugge/ion ( a ,div4 ,f ?is "t =w>d li/5 to my comm&s40 ,! great k+ repli$3 8,:at pro( do/ ?\ adduce1 & :at miracle do/ ?\ p]=m8 exhibit !m1 t ,i may in/antly diffuse ?y fai? ov] all ! _w40 ,z>du%t said3 8,"o ( my decisive pro(s & miracul\s works is ?is volume1 on once li/5+ to :i* ?\ %alt nev] m behold demon or magician3 ?is volume conta9s ! my/]ies ( bo? worlds1 & cle>ly exp\nds ! revolutions ( ! />s3 !re is no be+ 9 exi/5ce an acc\nt ( :i* is n f\nd 9 ?is book40 ,! k+ !n comm&$3 8,read me a section ( ?is heav5ly volume40 ,z>du%t hav+ read "o *apt]1 ,gu%tasp n feel+ a full conviction1 said to him3 8,?\ ha/ urg$ a bold suit2 b precipitancy 9 su* an affair is by no means prop]2 ,i %all devote "s days to explor+ ! nature ( ! ,z&-,ave/a3 b 9 ! mean "t come ?\ hi!r z usual40 ,z>du%t !n 8,return$ to ! h\se assign$ him by ! k+40 ,! enrag$ philosoph]s also came out & took c\nsel ) ea* o!r ab\t slay+ ,z>du%t4 ,! foll[+ morn+1 :5 ,z>du%t left ! h\se to g to ! k+'s palace1 he deliv]$ ! key ( 8 ap>tm5t to ! k+'s port]2 b ! philosoph]s s delud$ ?is man1 t he gave up ! key secretly to !m2 on :i* !y op5$ ! door ( ! prophet's ap>tm5t1 & hav+ put into bags unclean ?+s :i* !y _h collect$1 su* z blood1 hair1 a cat's head1 a dog's head1 dead m5's bones & ! l1 plac$ !m "u 8 pill[1 & hav+ lock$ ! door1 gave ! key back to ! port]1 previ\sly oblig+ him to swe> to keep ! matt] altoge!r secret2 aft] ?is !y w5t to ! palace1 :]e !y beheld ,z>du%t seat$ ne> ! k+1 :o 0 engag$ 9 read+ ! ,z&-,ave/a1 8,lo/ 9 amazem5t at ! *>act]s & words40 ,! philosoph]s said3 8,! ,z&-,ave/a is altoge!r magic1 & ?is man is a wiz>d1 :o by =ce ( spells has produc$ an impression on ?y he>t1 9 ord] to br+ evil & confusion all ov] ! _w2 b be n ?\ ! wiz>d's ally40 ,on he>+ ?is1 ,gu%tasp ord]$ p]sons to repair to ,z>du%t's h\se & make a c>eful exam9ation2 !y w5t & imm$iately br\ght be=e ! k+ :atev] !y f\nd 9 ! h\se1 :e!r eatables1 c>pets1 dresses1 clo!s-bags1 etc41 all :i* !y op5$ 9 ! k+'s pres5ce2 on ?is1 ! talons1 hair1 & su* l impurities1 :i* _h be5 hidd5 !re by ! philosoph]s1 7 expos$ to view4 ,! k+ 0 greatly enrag$1 & said to ,z>du%t3 8,?is is ?y magic practice40 ,! prophet ( ! ,"l be+ q a/oni%$1 repli$3 8,i h no k ( ^! ?+s2 let 8 maje/y inquire ! p>ticul>s f ! port]40 ,! port] on be+ summon$1 said3 8,z>du%t clos$ 8 door1 & n ev5 w9d _h access to x40 ,! k+ became q indignant & said to ,z>du%t3 8,!y h n br\ght ^! sacks f heav5 & hid !m "u ! pill[40 ,9 8 rage he ?rew away ! ,ave/a-,z&1 & s5t ,z>du%t 9 *a9s to prison3 !re 0 also a port] appo9t$ to give him a fix$ all[ance & keep /rict wat*4 ,z>du%t rema9$ 9 *a9s bo? day & night1 ! port] br++ him daily a loaf ( bread & a pit*] ( wat]2 & "o :ole week pass$ 9 t mann]4 ,!y relate t ,gu%tasp _h a royal /e$ call$ ! 8,black ,*>g]10 :i* ! great k+ m\nt$ on ! day ( battle3 8,:51 m\nt$ on ?is *>g]'s back1 he advanc$ to ! fight1 ,! result ( ! combat t]m9at$ 9 victory40 ,"o morn+ at dawn1 ! ma/] ( ! horse beheld ! ,black ,*>g] )\t =e or h9d feet1 :i* he saw 7 drawn up into 8 belly2 9 great ha/e he ann\nc$ ?is ev5t to ! sov]eign ( ! _w4 ,gu%tasp 9 great affliction hurri$ to ! /able1 summon+ ?i!r ! vet]9>y surgeons1 physicians1 & le>n$ m51 all ( :om ex]t$ !mselves 9 rem$ies & applications )\t any b5efit result+ f _! ex]tions4 ,?r\gh grief ! k+ p>took n ( food t day1 & ! milit>y 7 sorely afflict$4 ,z>du%t1 :o 9 consequ5ce ( ! g5]al m\rn+ _h n receiv$ 8 all[ance be=e ev5+1 became hungry2 :5 ! ev5+ _h pass$1 ! port] came & br\ght ! provisions1 /at+ at ! same "t :at _h befall5 ! ,black ,*>g]2 on ?is ! prophet ( ! ,"l said to him3 8,to-morr[ tell ! k+ t ,i c set ?is affair to rights40 ,! next morn+ ! port] convey$ ! prophet's message to ! k+1 on :i* ord]s 7 giv5 to br+ ,z>du%t into ! royal pres5ce4 ,?is favorable intellig5ce hav+ be5 communicat$ to ,z>du%t1 ! prophet ent]$ into a w>m ba?1 & aft] ablution1 on appe>+ be=e ! k+1 he utt]$ b5$ictions on ! sov]eign ( ! _w4 ,gu%tasp !n assign$ him a place ne> himself1 & hav+ expla9$ ! /ate ( ! horse1 add$3 8,if ?\ be truly a prophet s5t f ! ,"l1 ,?\ can/ easily re/ore ?is horse to p]fect heal?40 ,z>du%t repli$3 8,if ?\ wilt1 ,o k+1 engage to p]=m f\r ?+s1 ?\ %alt aga9 behold ! *>g]'s =e & h9d legs40 ,! k+ said3 8,i accept ! conditions3 :at is ! fir/80 ,z>du%t repli$3 8,let u all repair to ! ,black ,*>g]'s b$40 ,on arriv+ !re he said to ! k+3 8,make ?y he>t & tongue ( "o accord3 utt] ) ?y tongue & repeat ) ?y he>t1 t )\t d\bt1 suspicion1 or equivocation1 ,i am a prophet & apo/le s5t f ,god40 ,! k+ hav+ agre$ to ?is1 ! prophet ( ! ,"l address$ 8 petitions to ! ,god ( ju/ice1 & !n rubb+ ) 8 h& ! horse's "r =efoot1 x /raightway came out1 on :i* ! k+ & ! soldi]y l\dly applaud$ ! holy man4 ,aft] ?is1 he said to ! k+3 8,comm& ! h]oic ,isf5di> to ent] into a cov5ant ) me t he w gird up 8 lo9s to promulgate ! fai? ( ! ,"l40 ,! pr9ce 0 n av]se1 & ent]$ into a solemn engagem5t2 on :i* ! apo/le pray$ to ! ,"l until ! "r h9d leg came out4 ,he !n said to ! great k+3 8,s5d an ,u/aw> & an ,am9 along ) me to ! great que5 ,kitbn1 9 ord] t %e may ent] into ! true fai?40 ,! k+ hav+ ass5t$1 ,z>du%t on com+ into ! k+'s gold5 ap>tm5t ?us address$ que5 ,kitbn3 8,mighty pr9cess6 ! ,"l has expressly select$ !e to %>e ! c\* ( ,gu%tasp & to be ! "m ( ,isf5di>4 ,i am ! ,"l's prophet s5t by him to ! k+3 !re=e adopt ! pure fai?40 ,on ?is ! great que5 ) he>t & s\l atta*$ h]self 9 s9c]ity to ! prophet3 aft] :i* ,z>du%t pray$1 s t ! o!r h9d leg came out4 ,he !n said to ! k+3 8,n[ s5d = ! port]2 x is prop] to inquire ( him :o x 0 t convey$ ?is /uff ( magical prep>ation to my h\se40 ,! k+ summon$ ! *amb]la9 & que/ion$ him 9 a ?reat5+ tone1 say+3 8,if ?\ wilt confess ! tru?1 ?\ save/ ?y life2 b o!rwise1 ?\ %alt h ?y head "u ?y feet40 ,! trea*]\s *amb]la9 implor$ p>don1 & relat$ all ! p>ticul>s ( ! brib]y & delusion practis$ by ! philosoph]s' fri5ds4 ,gu%tasp 0 exce$+ly indignant1 & ord]$ ! f\r philosoph]s to be hang$4 ,z>du%t !n recit$ ! pray]s taught him by ! ,almighty1 s t ! o!r =efoot came out1 & ! swift *>g] /ood on 8 legs4 ,! sov]eign ( ,iran kiss$ ! prophet's head & face1 & lead+ him to ! ?rone1 seat$ him ne> himself2 he also reque/$ p>don = 8 s9 & gave back ! prophet's goods4#daa ,! doctors ( ! pure fai? also record1 t k+ ,lohrasp & ,z]ir1 bro!r to ,gu%tasp hav+ fall5 into s viol5t a malady1 t ! physicians 9 despair desi/$ f all att5dance on !m1 b hav+ be5 re/or$ to heal? ?r\gh ! pray]s ( ,z>du%t1 !y adopt$ ! pure fai?4#dab ,z>atu%t ! son ( ,bahram relates3 ,"o day ,z>du%t1 hav+ come into ! k+'s pres5ce1 he ?us address$ ! prophet ( ! ,"l3 8,i desire to obta9 f\r ?+s f ,god2 x is !re=e meet t ! prophet %\ld reque/ !m3 fir/1 t ,i %\ld behold my own /ate 9 ! next _w2 secondly1 t 9 ! "t ( conflict no bl[ %\ld make any impression on me1 s t ,i may be able to diffuse ! true fai?2 ?irdly1 t ,i may "k ?or\ghly ! my/]ies ( good & evil 9 ?is _w2 f\r?ly1 t until ! day ( judgm5t my _s may rema9 unit$ to my body40 ,z>du%t repli$3 8,i w entreat ! ,"l to grant ^! f\r wi%es3 8,b x is necess>y t out ( ^! f\r wi%es ,?\ %\ld/ implore "o only = ?yself3 ,*oose ?ree wi%es = ?ree diff]5t p]sons3 ,t ,i may entreat !m f ! righte\s ,creator2 ,he w n conf] on any "o p]son ^! f\r gifts1 ,because t p]son might say3 #8,i am ! supreme ,creator4'0 ,! k+ hav+ agre$ to ?is1 ,z>atu%t at ! "t ( ev5+ pray] w5t to 8 h\se1 repeat$ ! praises ( ! ,almighty1 entreat+ f him ! accompli%m5t ( ! k+'s desires1 & lay d[n 9 ! act ( adoration3 9 ?is /ate ,god %[$ him 9 a vision t ! k+'s petition 0 grant$4 ,at dawn ( day ! k+ 0 seat$ on 8 ?rone2 ,z>du%t appe>$ 9 ! royal pres5ce & came to 8 place2 9 a mom5t aft]1 ! k+'s *amb]la9 ent]+ 9 great trepidation1 said3 8,!re are f\r t]ror-/rik+1 awe-inspir+ horsem5 at ! door3 8,nev] be=e h ,i beheld horsem5 ( su* a k9d40 ,! k+ ask$ ( ,z>du%t3 8,:o are ^! p]sons80 b he _h sc>cely done speak+ be=e all ! f\r horsem5 dress$ 9 gre51 completely arm$1 ( maje/ic port1 drew ne> ! ?rone2 ^! f\r cavali]s 7 ( ! numb] ( ^? angels :o are ne>e/ ! j ,god1 & are ( ! great ,am%asf&s1 namely1 ,bahman1#dac ,ardibahi/1#dad ,az>khurdad1#dae & ,az>gu%tsp1#daf :o ?us address$ ! k+3 8,we are angels & ! envoys ( ,god4 ,! ,disp5s] ( ju/ice ?us decl>es3 #8,z>du%t is my prophet1 :om ,i h s5t to all ! inhabitants ( ! e>?2 att5d well to him2 if ?\ devote ?yself to 8 way1 ?\ art deliv]$ f hell4 ,nev] inflict pa9 on him2 & :5 ?\ obta9e/ ?y desires1 av]t n ?y head f 8 comm&s4'0 ,k+ ,gu%tasp1 al?\gh 9 magnanimity immovable z m\nt ,alburz1 yet ?r\gh ! maje/y ( ! angels & _! awful pres5ce1 fell s5seless f 8 ?rone3 on recov]+ himself he ?us address$ ! righte\s ,"l3 8,i am ! l[e/ ( all ?y s]vants1 ,& h girt up my lo9s to execute ?y ord]s40 ,:5 ! ,am%sf&s he>d ?is answ]1 !y dep>t$2 & ! milit>y1 on le>n+ ?is wond]ful occurr5ce1 7 all assembl$3 ! k+ also1 trembl+ all ov]1 apologiz$ to ,z>du%t3 8,?y comm& sits ^u my s\l2 ,my _s is l ! son ( ! ,"l2 ,my body1 s\l1 & weal? are all to !e devot$1 ,by ord] ( ! j & glori\s ,creator40 ,! prophet ( ! ,"l repli$3 8,may good tid+s ev] att5d !e6 ,i h entreat$ f ! ,almighty ! completion ( ?y desires1 & my pray] has be5 grant$40 ,z>du%t !n ord]$ t = ! purpose ( ! ,ya%tan-i-d>n1#dag t is1 8! recitation & brea?+ out ( pray]10 !y %\ld make ready 9 an inn] ap>tm5t w9e1 sweet p]fumes1 milk1 & a pomegranate2 & ov] ^! he p]=m$ ,ya%t1 or 8! recitation ( pray]s10 9 a l[ voice1 out ( ! ,ave/a & ,z&2 aft] ?is c]emony !y gave ,gu%tasp "s ( ! hall[$ w9e1 on ! m]e ta/+ ( :i* he became ins5sible & rose n up = ?ree days3 9 t int]val 8 _s asc5d$ to heav51 & !re beheld ! cele/ial nymphs1 _! palaces1 prog5y1 & att5dants2 ! bless+s ( p>adise2 ! diff]5t gradations ( rank among ! virtu\s1 & ! grade res]v$ = himself4 ,! prophet next pres5t$ to ,bi%utan#dah "s ( t hall[$ milk1 on dr9k+ ( :i* he 0 deliv]$ f ! pangs ( dea? & obta9$ et]nal life4 ,"s ( ! ,yezdnian doctors hold1 t by et]nal life is impli$ ! k ( "o's own ess5ce & s\l1 :i* nev] admit ( decay2 milk is also m5tion$1 z x con/itutes ! food ( *ildr51 & sci5ce is ! food ( _s2 on :i* acc\nt !y h lik5$ sci5ce to consecrat$ milk4 ,he next gave ,jamasp#dai "s ( ! hall[$ p]fume1 ?r\gh ! efficacy ( :i* univ]sal sci5ce %$ its lu/re on 8 he>t2 s t1 f t v day ( 8 exi/5ce1 :atev] 0 to come to pass until ! day ( judgm5t 0 cle>ly compreh5d$ by him 9 all its details4 ,he !n gave "o gra9 ( ! hall[$ pomegranate to ,isf5di>1 :o on eat+ x in/antly became braz5-bodi$1 & 8 frame grew s h>d t no bl[ c\ld make an impression on x4 ,:5 ! great k+ awoke f 8 vision1 he broke out into praise & adoration2 aft] :i* he call$ = ,z>du%t1 to :om he relat$ :at he _h witness$1 & comm&$ all m5 to receive ! pure fai?2 !n1 be+ seat$ on 8 ?rone1 he ord]$ ! prophet ( ! ,"l to recite "s sections ( ! ,z& 9 8 pres5ce4 ,on he>+ ! ,ave/a1 ! demons fl$ & conceal$ !mselves "u ! e>?4 ,! great k+ next comm&$ t 9 e city ! ,mob$s %\ld att5d to ! obs]vance ( fire1 erect+ domes ov] x1 & keep+ /at$ fe/ivals & times4 ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,,precepts ,,giv5 ,,by ,,z>du%t ,,to ,,! ,,k+ ,,& ,,to ,,all ,,mank9d4,! prophet ,z>du%t1 hav+ read to ! k+ "s sections conc]n+ ! greatness & maje/y ( ! ,almighty1 said to him3 8,z ?\ ha/ adopt$ ! ways ( ,god1 ! joy ( p>adise is to be ?y portion2 b he :o ab&ons t way is hurri$ (f to hell by ,ahriman1 :o feels delight$1 & on mak+ ! capture says to 8 victim3 #8,because ?\ ha/ ab&on$ ! ways ( ,god1 !re=e art ?\ fall5 into hell4' ,b ! j ,god is lib]al to 8 s]vants1 & has s5t me to !m1 say+3 #8,communicate my cov5ant to all creat$ be+s1 t !y may ab&on _! p]v]se ways4' ,i am 8 prophet1 s5t to !e t ?\ may/ guide mank9d to ! "r road2 z ! f9al result ( p]sev]+ 9 ! way ( ,god is ! atta9m5t ( p>adise2 & ! retribution ( devot$ness to ,ahriman is hell4 ,he moreov] comm&$ me3 #8,say ?\ to mank9d1 if ye adopt ! pure fai?1 !n %all p>adise be y\r place2 b if ye receive x n1 y foll[ ! in/itutes ( ,ahriman1 & hell %all be y\r abode4' ,! sev]al demon/rations ( ,z>du%t & 8 wondr\s works are to y an abundant pro( ( ! tru? ( 8 fai?4 ,"k also t at fir/ he s\ght ! _w2 b f9ally reg>d$ wife1 *ildr51 & relations z /rang]s to himself2 he has moreov] atta9$ to su* p]fect fai?1 t ! k+ & ! m5dicant are ! same 9 8 sight4 ,he has enjo9$ me no?+ m ?an ?is3 nei!r has he giv5 me p]mission to be y\r int]cessor or to entreat f him remission ( y\r s9s3 = protection ext5d$ to ! evil do] is itself crim9al1 & ! *a/isem5t ( evil de$s is true religion3 he enjo9$ me also to ent]ta9 hope ( 8 favor f my words & de$s40 8,look to y\r acts & words1 = !y produce _! sure effect1 ,! same se$ t p s[1 su* ! h>ve/ !y %all reap40 ,x is also expressly /at$ 9 ! glori\s ,koran to ! same purport3#dbj 8,on ! v day :5 ! _s 7,gabriel7 & ! angels %all be rang$ 9 _! ord]1 nobody %all speak except him to :om ! ,m]ciful w p]mit x1 & :o w say no?+ b :at is j40 ,9 ano!r place x is decl>$3#dba 8,truly ?\ can/ n direct :omsoev] ?\ love/2 b ,god w direct :omsoev] he pleases40 ,x is also record$ 9 ! traditions1 t ! asylum ( prophecy 7on :om be bless+s67 said to ! beautiful ,fatima3 8,o ,fatima6 fe> no?+1 = ?\ art ! prophet's daught]2 p]=m good works6 aga9 ,i say1 p]=m good works60 ,he also propos$ ?is additional pro(6 8,n "o ( ! em95t1 eloqu5t1 le>n$1 or wise m5 ( ! _w c produce a composition :i* 9 ! lea/ resembles ! volume ,i h s5t d[n2 if !y are able let !m decl>e x2 b z !y are unable1 let !m confess t ?is is ! voice ( ,god3 a simil> /atem5t has also be5 made 9 ! div9e words ( ! ,koran3 #8produce ye a *apt] resembl+ x4' ,aga9 ( ! _m prophets :o appe>$ on e>?1 all 7 ignorant ( future ev5ts except ,z>du%t1 :o1 9 ! ,z5d-,ave/a1 cle>ly exp\nd$ :atev] 0 to come to pass until ! day ( judgm5t1 :e!r good or evil40 8,conc]n+ k+s inspir$ by tru?1 religion1 & ju/ice1 ,!re are m9ute details if ?\ wilt call !m to m9d3 ,! names ( all he has consign$ to la/+ fame1 ,_! e act & de$1 :e!r j or unju/ alike40 ,moreov] no prophet1 save ,z>du%t1 be/[$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god b5$ictions on ! milit>y class ^: he>ts 7 rightly affect$ t[>ds him4 8,to ! foll[] ( 8 fai? he said1 if to ! true believ]s ,?\ doe/ good1 !n good %all result to !e40 ,b above all he has said3 8,god has comm&$ me3 #8,say ?\ to mank9d !y are n to abide 9 hell = ev]2 :5 _! s9s are expiat$1 !y are deliv]$ out ( x4'0 ,x is g5]ally report$ t ,z>du%t 0 ( ,az>badgn#dbb or ,tabruz2 b ^? :o are n ,beh-d9ians1 or 8true believ]s10 ass]t1 & ! writ] ( ?is "w has also he>d f ! ,mob$ ,torru ( ,buswri1 9 ,gujurat1 t ! bir?-place & di/+ui%$ ance/ors ( ! prophet belong to ! city ( ,rai4#dbc ,a ,mob$ has transcrib$ z foll[s f ! ,ave/a & ,z&1#dbd :5 ! ,am%sf& ,bhmn1 pursuant to ,god's comm&1 _h borne ! prophet ,z>du%t to heav51 he ?us entreat$ ( ! ,almighty3 8,close ! door ( dea? aga9/ me3 let t be my miracle40 ,b ! righte\s ,"l repli$3 8,if ,i close ! gates ( dea? aga9/ !e1 ?\ wilt n be satisfi$2 nay1 ?\ w\ld/ entreat dea? f me40 ,he !n gave ,z>du%t some?+ l honey1 on ta/+ ( :i* he became ins5sible2 l "o 9 a pr(\nd sleep has visions1 he became acqua9t$ ) ! my/]ies ( exi/5ce1 cle>ly p]ceiv+ ! good & evil ( :atev] is 9 be+2 nay1 he knew ! numb] ( hairs on ! %eep1 & ! sum ( ! leaves on a tree4 ,:5 8 s5ses 7 re/or$1 ! ,almighty ask$ him3 8,:at ha/ ?\ se580 ,he answ]$3 ,o supreme rul]6 ,i beheld 9 hell1 along ) ,ahriman1 _m weal?y p]sons :o _h be5 ungrateful 9 ?is _w2 & ,i f\nd 9 ! supreme p>adise _m p]sons1 ri* 9 gold & silv]1 :o _h wor%ipp$ ! ,"l & be5 grateful to him4 ,i moreov] saw 9 hell _m :o 7 em95t = weal?1 b :o 7 *ildless2 & _m an indig5t ,durve%1 ! fa!r ( _m *ildr51 9 ! enjoym5t ( p>adise4 ,i saw moreov] a tree ) sev5 bran*es1#dbe ! %ad[ ( :i* ext5d$ f> & wide2 "o bran* ( gold1 ! second ( silv]1 ! ?ird ( copp]1 ! f\r? ( brass1 ! fif? ( t9 7or lead71 ! six? ( /eel1 ! sev5? ( mix$ iron40 ,! ,"l !n said to 8 prophet3 8,! tree ) sev5 bran*es is ! s]ies ( ev5ts 9 ! _w1 9 :i* agitation arises f sev5 s\rces ?r\gh ! revolution ( ! sph]es2 ! fir/ or gold5 bran* typifies ! way & attraction by :i* ?\ ha/ come to my pres5ce & atta9$ ! prophet's (fice2 ! second or silv] bran* signifies t ! great sov]eign ( ! age %all receive ?y sy/em ( fai?1 & t ! demons %all hide !mselves 9 dismay2 ! ?ird or copp] bran* is ! p]iod ( ! ,a%kanian k+s4 8,he :o is n a true believ] ,holds 9 abhorr5ce ! pure 9 fai?4 ,! great /ock ( =tune %all at ?is "t ,be torn piecemeal & scatt]$ all ov] ! _w4 8,! f\r?1 or ! bran* ( brass1 typifies ! reign ( ,arda%ir1 ! son ( ,sssn1 :o %all adorn ! univ]se ) ! true fai? & ree/abli% ! pure in/itutes2 ! p w embrace ! fai? ?r\gh ! =ce ( demon/ration3 !y w p\r molt5 copp] & brass on ! brea/ ( ,arzabad1 & 8 p]son %all receive no injury4 ,! fif?1 or lead5 bran* is ! reign ( ,bhrm ,gor1 dur+ :i* mank9d w enjoy repose4 8,:5 mank9d are 9 ! enjoym5t ( happ9ess1 ,ahriman is griev$ be=eh& at ?is prosp]\s /ate4 8,! six? bran*1 or t ( /eel1 is ! reign ( ,nu%irwan1 ?r\gh ^: equity ! ag$ _w %all be re/or$ to y\?2 & al?\gh ,mazdak ( corrupt he>t %all pursue 8 designs1 yet w he be unable to d any injury to ! pure fai?4 ,! sev5? bran*1 or t ( mix$ iron1 is emblematic ( ! "t :5 ! p]iod ( a ?\s& ye>s v]ges to its end1#dbf & ! royal dignity falls to ,mazdak91 & no respect rema9s to ! pure fai?2 !n a p clo!d 9 black1 oppressors ( ! poor1 )\t title1 reputation1 or m]it1 fri5ds to tumult & wick$ness1 fraudul5t1 hypocritical1 & deceitful1 bitt] ( he>t l aloes1 ) honi$ tongue1 traitors to bread & salt1 ungrateful1 speak]s ( falsehood1 alike build+ ! mo/ magnific5t mansions & fond ( ru9$ c>avans>ais1 seek+ ! ways ( hell1 hav+ conspir$ toge!r w de/roy ! fire-temples1 & turn to !mselves ! _s ( ! inhabitants ( ,iran4 ,! sons & daught]s ( ! nobles %all fall into _! h&s1 & ! *ildr5 ( ! virtu\s & mighty become _! att5dants3 nay1 ?is race %all make a cov5ant-break] k+ ov] !m3 8,t p]son among !m obta9s bo? p[] & rank1 ,^: c>e] is direct$ to ! production ( mis]y4 8,:5 ?is mill5nium comes to a t]m9ation1 ! cl\ds %all mo/ly appe> unatt5d$ by ra92 ! ra9s n fall 9 _! season2 heats pr$om9ate2 ! wat] ( riv]s be less5$2 few c[s or %eep be left rema9+2 & m5 despicable 9 figure1 small ( /ature1 weak 9 =m1 %all !n be met )4 8,! spe$ ( ! horse & ! rid] %all suff] dim9ution1 ,& no productive en]gy rema9 9 ! bosom ( ! s[n field40 8,m5 %all gird ! sacr$ zone 9 secrecy1 & drag on a di%onor$ exi/5ce1 =gett+ altoge!r ! ,nroz & ! fe/ival ( ,f>v>d94#dbg 8,! m\? ( ,saf&rmuz %all be op5$ wide1 ,& ! hidd5 treasures ca/ =? & expos$ to view40 8,an evil-dispos$ rapaci\s ho/ ( ,turks %all come to ,iran1 & =ce away ! cr[n & ?rone f its *iefta9s4 ,o1 ,z>du%t6 communicate ^! tid+s to ! ,mob$s1 t !y may imp>t !m to ! p40 ,z>du%t repli$3 8,h[ %all ! pr(essors ( ! true fai? be able to p]=m _! wor%ip80 to :i* ?is answ] 0 giv53 8,:5 ! second mill5nium comm5ces1 mank9d %all behold m calamity ?an 0 witness$ 9 ! times ( ,zohk & ,afrasib2 & :5 t p]iod is t]m9at$1 !re w n be f\nd any "o ( ! lea/ m]it among ! pr(essors ( ! true fai?4 8,f e qu>t] !y %all prep>e to assail ,iran1 ,) _! *>g]s' ho(s !y %all lay x wa/e40 ,z>du%t said3 8,o righte\s ,ormuzd6 aft] s mu* toil1 abridgm5t ( life & long-protract$ suff]+ %all n ! pr(essors ( ! true fai? f9d "s int]cessor2 & h[ c discomfiture ov]take ^? clo!d 9 black ve/m5ts80 ,! ,almighty answ]$ ?us3 8,pa9 is n to la/ = ev]2 :5 ! black ensign is display$1 a ho/ array$ 9 r$ ve/m5ts & helmets %all come =? f ! =midable room2 & ! l& ( ,khorasan be desolate by flood & vapor2 ! e>? %all tremble & ! cultivat$ fields be laid wa/e2 ,turk1 ,rmite1 & ,arab enc\nt] ea* o!r2 & ! bord]s ( ,turan be made a wild]ness by ,turks1 ,p]sians1 & ,h9doos2 ! sacr$ fire be borne to ,du%kh>g>1 or #8! m\nta9\s region2' &1 ?r\gh invasions1 ,iran become "o sc5e ( desolation40 ,! prophet !n said3 8,o1 ,"l6 h[ev] %ort ! duration ( ?is p may be1 !y w surely de/roy life2 h[ !n %all ^! wick$ be ext]m9at$80 ,to :i* he receiv$ ?is answ]3 8,! /&>d ( an army arises out ( ,khorasan1 & !n ,ho%id> is sep>at$ f 8 "m2 :5 he arrives at ! age ( ?irty1 he w foll[ ! anci5t mode ( fai?1 & become sov]eign ( ,h9du/an & ,*9a2 he %all h a son ( ! ,kaianian race1 nam$ ,bahram & entitl$ ,hamaw&1 b :om 8 nation w call ,%apur3 on ! bir? ( t illu/ri\s *ild1 ! />s %all drop d[n f heav52 & 8 fa!r pass away f ?is _w 9 ! mon? ( ,aban & ! day ( ,baud4#dbh ,:5 ?is son has atta9$ tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age1 he %all m>* 9 e direction ) a num]\s ho/1 & proce$+ ) 8 troops to ,balkh & ,bokh>a1 advance into ,iran ) ! armies ( ,india & ,*9a4 ,a man pr(ess+ ! good fai? 9 ! m\nta9 region w !n ex]t himself1 & br++ up an army f ,khorasan & ,si/an1 come to ! aid ( ,iran3 8,f ,ki%t ,duwl1 ,roome1 & ,fir+/an1 ,f demons clo!d 9 black1 l piebald wolves40 8,?ree mighty battles %all !n ensue1 :i* w r5d] ,p]sia ! l& ( m\rn+2 aft] :i* w arise an exalt$ av5g+ pr9ce :o %all obta9 ! victory4 ,9 ^? days a ?\s& wom5 %all n be able to f9d "o man2 & if !y %\ld p]*ance behold "o1 !y %all be fill$ ) a/oni%m5t4 ,:5 ^? times are come to an end1 ,i %all s5d ,s]% t[>ds ,j]usalem & summon ,bi%utan1 :o w issue =? ) a company ( "o hundr$ & fifty virtu\s m51 & duly p]=m ,ya%t1 or #8pray]1' on :i* ,ahriman w engage 9 battle ) !m2 b1 on he>+ ! s\nd ( ! ,hadokht & ! ,a%tawaz&1 ! p>tizans ( ,ahriman %all flee out ( ,iran4 ,a pr9ce1 ,bhrm by "n1 %all !n asc5d ! ?rone1 br+ back ! sacr$ fire1 & re/ore ! in/itutions ( anci5t times1 & ! se$ ( ! wick$ %all !n be ext]m9at$3 f9ally1 :5 ,bi%utan beholds e ?+ duly arrang$1 he w return ) royal pomp to 8 own palace40 ,! ,mob$ ,az> ,khirad relates 9 8 book t ! ,z& conta9s tw5ty-"o ,nosks1 or 8p>ts10 e ,nosk hav+ a p>ticul> "n 9 ,z& & ,p>si accord+ to ! foll[+ li/3#dbi ,ya?1 ,ita1 ,ahu1 ,wra1 ,al>t%1 ,nad>1 :i* !y call 9 ,arabic ,bfa/l1 & 9 ,p>si ,favamashan4 ,?is ,nosk treats ( ! />s1 con/ellations1 ord] ( ! heav5s1 ! aspects1 ! good & evil influ5ces ( ! heav5ly bodies1 & su* l topics4 ,! o!r ,nosks are3 ! ,a%d1 ,*d1 ,ha%1 ,wankaw%1 ,wazda1 ,mankah1 ,stan1 ,nan1 ,ankah%1 ,m>zi1 ,kha%>1 ,ma*1 ,ahr1 ,aym1 ,d>kb & ,a/>m3 all ! sci5ces are conta9$ 9 ! ,z&1 b "s are m5tion$ enigmatically & by way ( allusion4 ,at pres5t !re are f\rte5 complete ,nosks possess$ by ! ,do/rs ( ,k>man1 ! o!r sev5 be+ incomplete1 z ?r\gh ! w>s & diss5sions :i* prevail$ 9 ,iran "s ( ! ,nosks h disappe>$1 s t1 not)/&+ ! greate/ rese>*es1 ! ,nosks h come into _! h&s 9 a defective /ate4 ,z>atu%t ,bhrm1 ! son ( ,pazhd1 relates t1 at ! "t ( ! promulgation ( ! pure fai? 9 ,iran1 !re liv$ 9 ,india a sage ( pr(\nd le>n+1 nam$ ,jangrangh*ah1#dcj ^: pupil ,jamasp#dca _h be5 dur+ _m ye>s1 a circum/ance :i* procur$ him great di/9ction4 ,on be+ in=m$ ( ,gu%tasp's conv]sion1 he wrote an epi/le to ! great k+1 to dissuade him f ! pr(ession ( ! pure fai?4 ,by ! k+'s comm&1 ?is sage came to ,iran to hold a disputation ) ,z>du%t1 :o said to him3 8,li/5 to "o ,nosk ( ?is ,a/a :i* ,i h receiv$ f ,god1 & att5d to its int]pretation40 ,^u ?is1 at ! illu/ri\s prophet's comm&1 "o ( 8 disciples read a ,nosk 9 :i* ,god said ?us to ,z>du%t3 8,on ! promulgation ( ! pure fai?1 !re %all come f ,h9du/an a wise man1 nam$ ,jangrangh*ah1 :o w ask !e que/ions1 aft] su* & su* guise1 ! answ]s to :i* are aft] ?is mann]1 ?us answ]+ all 8 que/ions3 8,by ?is same ,nosk 8 condition 0 improv$1 ,& ! answ] to ea* "q 0 correctly giv540 ,:5 he he>d ! solutions ( 8 que/ions he fell f 8 *air1 & on recov]+ 8 s5ses adopt$ ! pure fai?4 ,! prophet ,ssn ! ,fif?1 9 8 select comm5t>y on ! ,dastir & ! int]pretation ( ! code ( ,z>du%t1 relates1 t :5 ,isf5di> _h promulgat$ ! pure fai?1 ! em95t sages ( ,greece dispat*$ a le>n$ man1 nam$ ,niyts1#dcb to int]rogate ! prophet ( ! ,"l conc]n+ ! exact nature ( 8 t5ets4 ,gu%tasp1 hav+ assign$ him an audi5ce on a mo/ auspici\s day4 ?is di/+ui%$ ,greek1 on behold+ ! face ( ,z>du%t1 said3 8,f ?is face1 k1 sagacity1 & sci5ce are manife/ z ! prop]ties ( a m9d s =m$2 & ?is is n ! physiognomy ( "o :o utt]s falsehoods40 ,he !n ask$ him conc]n+ ! mom5t1 day1 mon?1 & ye> ( 8 bir?1 :i* be+ communicat$ by ,z>du%t1 ,niyts obs]v$3 8,"u su* a horoscope1 a p]son ( weak intellects _c be born40 ,he next que/ion$ him conc]n+ 8 food1 sleep1 & mode ( life1 :i* be+ also expla9$1 ,niyts add$3 8,f ?is rule ( life he _c be an impo/or40 ,! prophet ( ! ,"l !n said to him3 8,keep 9 ?y he>t :atev] ?\ desire/ to inquire ab\t1 & utt] x n ) ?y tongue2 z ! ,almighty has acqua9t$ me ) x1 & = my sake has s5t me 8 ^w 9 ?is *apt] relative to ^! matt]s40 ,on ?is1 "o ( ! prophet's disciples read to ,niyts1 out ( a s+le *apt]1 all t 0 laid up 9 ! noble envoy's brea/1 & :atev] he 0 commission$ to enquire ab\t1 at ! desire ( ! em95t m5 ( ,greece4 ,! ,fif? ,ssn1 9 l mann]1 relates t :5 ! report ( ,jangrangh*ah's hav+ adopt$ ! fai? 0 publi%$ abroad1 a sage1 by "n ,bys1#dcc came f ,india to ,iran2 & ! sages ( e c\ntry be+ assembl$1 pursuant to ! great k+'s comm&1 ,biysa ?us address$ ! prophet ( ! ,"l 9 ! pres5ce ( all3 8,o1 ,z>du%t6 9 consequ5ce ( ?y answ]s & unfold+ ( my/]ies to ! wise ,jangrangh*ah1 ?\ art acc\nt$ a true prophet4 ,i h besides he>d ( innum]able miracles p]=m$ by !e4 ,"k t ,i also1 9 my own c\ntry1 am reckon$ z "o :o is unequall$ bo? 9 ! !oretical & practical sci5ces4 ,i n[ hope t ?\ wilt disclose ! secrets :i* ,i h kept p5t up 9 my bosom1 & h nev] 9 any mann] transf]r$ f ! page ( my he>t to ! lip3 "s p tell u t ! g5ii imp>t k ( ?is k9d to ! wor%ipp]s ( ,ahriman3 h[ev] if ?\ can/ unfold all ^! secrets1 ,i %all turn to ?y fai?40 ,! prophet ( ! ,"l said3 8,long be=e ?y arrival1 ! ,god ( purity made all kn[n to me40 ,he !n recit$ a ,simnad1 8*apt]10 :i* ! ,"l _h s5t d[n on ^? subjects2 9 :i* 0 specifi$ :atev] 0 9 ,bysa's he>t1 ) ! answ] atta*$ to x2 aft] :i* ,bysa li/5$ to ! ^w ( ,god1 & hav+ made pr(ession ( ! pure fai?1 return$ to ,h9du/an4 ,x is to be rem>k$ t ! two ,simnad :i* conta9 ! answ]s to ! em95t envoy ( ! ,greeks & ! sage ,byasa d n =m a "p ( ! ,a/awaz&1 b con/itute a portion ( ! ,destir1#dcd or ( ! cele/ial volume1 9 ! language ( :i* a *apt] is /yl$ a ,simnad4 ,moreov]1 ,z>atu%t ,bhrm ?us relates conc]n+ ! acc\nt ( heav5 & hell giv5 by ,ardaivirf4#dce ,x is record$ t1 :5 ! p[] ( ,arde%ir ,babagan 0 firmly e/abli%$1 he assembl$ ar\nd him =ty ?\s& virtu\s ,mob$s & ,du/>s1 out ( :i* numb] he select$ f\r ?\s&2 ( ^? ?us select$ he set ap>t f\r hundr$1 :o knew by he>t ! great] "p ( ! ,a/a2 ( ^! f\r hundr$ he aga9 *ose out =ty le>n$ doctors2 & f ^! he select$ sev5 unblemi%$ sages1 equally free f mortal & v5ial s9s1 :om he ?us address$3 8,let :i*ev] ( y is able dive/ himself ( body1 & br+ u intellig5ce conc]n+ heav5 & hell40 ,^! righte\s m5 made answ]3 8,= su* a purpose !re is requir$ a man :o f ! age ( sev5 upw>ds has n committ$ s940 ,aft] :i* ^! sages select$ f among/ !m "o1 nam$ ,ardai ,virf1#dcf :om !y knew to be possess$ ( ?is excell5ce1 &1 accompani$ by ! great k+1 !y all repair$ to ,az> ,khrdd1 :i* 0 a fire-temple2 hav+ !re prep>$ a gold5 ?rone = ,ardai ,virf1 ! =ty ?\s& pr(essors ( ! fai? p]=m$ ,yaza%1 t is1 recit$ pray]s accord+ to ! prescrib$ mode4 ,ardivirf1 hav+ drunk a cup ( hall[$ w9e :i* he receiv$ f ! ,du/ur1 lay d[n on 8 c\* & did n arise be=e ! expiration ( a week2 8 _s1 ?r\gh ! efficacy ( ! div9e ^w1 hav+ be5 sep>at$ f ! body1 ^? six ,du/rs all ! :ile /&+ ar\nd 8 pill[4 ,on ! eigh? day ,ard1 aris+ f sleep1 ord]$ a scribe to be br\ght1 :o %\ld commit to writ+ all 8 words2 & he ?us spoke3#dcg 8,:5 ,i fell asleep1 ,siru%i1 :o is call$ also ,sur% ,a%1 or ,a% simply1 or #8! ,angel ( p>adise1' came ne>4 ,hav+ made my salm1 ,i expla9$ ! motives ( my com+ to ! o!r _w4 ,he took my h& & said3 #8,asc5d ?ree /eps4' ,i obey$1 & arriv$ at ! ,*anyud ,pul1 or #8! /raight bridge ( judgm5t' 7! s>t ( ! ,muhamm$ans74 ,! accompany+ ,angel po9t$ me out ! road1 :5 ,i beheld a bridge f9] ?an a hair & %>p] ?an a razor1 & /rong1 & its l5g? 0 sev5-&-?irty rasans1 or cords4#dch ,i beheld a _s j p>t$ f ! body 9 a /ate ( tranquillity2 on its arrival at ! bridge ( judgm5t1 a fragrant gale came f mid-day or ! ea/1 out ( :i* issu$ =? a beautiful nymph-l =m1 ! l ( :i* ,i nev] be=e beheld4 ,! _s ask$ h]3 #8,:o art ?\ ( su* surpass+ beauty8' ,%e repli$3 #8,i am ! p]sonification ( ?y good de$s4' 8,i !n saw ,mihr ,iz$1#dci at ^: side 7 /&+ ,ra% ,ra/#ddj & ,s>% ,iz$ hold+ a balance 9 8 h&1 & angels assembl$ ar\nd !m4 ,n[ ,mihr ,iz$ is ! angel ^: prov9ce x is to numb] & e/imate p 9 reg>d to rew>ds & puni%m5ts4 ,ra% is 8 m9i/] ( ju/ice & ! "l ( equity2 & ,s>% is ! "l ( messages & ! ma/] ( ann\ncem5ts4 ,to ^! ,i made my salam :i* !y return$1 & ,i pass$ ov] ! bridge4#dda ,sev]al spirits !n appe>$ :o address$ me affectionately2 ,bhmn next appe>$ & said to me3 #8,come on1 t ,i may %[ !e ! ,gah-i-z>9' 7or gold5 place1 :i* is ! same z ! cele/ial ?rone74 ,i proce$$ ) him to a beautiful ?rone1 :]e ,i beheld ! _s be=e m5tion$1 ^: de$s 7 p]sonifi$ by a beaute\s =m1 ) ! ,a%wan1 or #8pure spirits1' & ! inhabitants ( p>adise ar\nd him1 ) ! spirits ( 8 relations rejoic+ z on ! arrival ( a long-abs5t travell] f 8 abode2 !n ,bhmn took 8 h& & br\ght him to a place wor?y ( him4 ,:5 ,i _h proce$$ a little onw>ds1 ,i beheld a l(ty portico1 :]e by ord] ( ,sur% ,i address$ my pray]s t[>ds ! place ( ,god1 & my sight became d>k5$ ?r\gh ! effulg5ce ( light4 ,sur% aga9 br\ght me back to ! bridge ( judgm5t1 ar\nd :i* ,i beheld a numb] ( p]sons /&+ ) fold$ h&s4 ,i ask$3 #8,:o are ^? p]sons8' ,sur% answ]$3 #8,^! are ! weak 9 fai?1 :o rema9 9 ?is /ate until ! day ( judgm5t3 if !y possess$ an additional p>ticle ( virtue1 equal 9 weight to "o ( ! hairs ( ! eyela%1 !y w\ld be reliev$ f ?is calamity4' ,i !n beheld ano!r assemblage l unto %9+ />s4 ,suru% said3 #8,?is is ! ,satra ,payah1#ddb 7or ! sph]e ( ! fix$ />s72 9 ^! are a p :o ) all _! weal? obs]v$ n ! ,gt ,kh>d#ddc 7! pur*ase ( ! o!r _w7 & ! ,na ,roz 7or ! fe/ival ( ! new ye>47' ,he next br\ght me to ! ,mh ,pyah 7or lun> sph]e71 :]e ,i beheld spirits respl5d5t z ! moon4 ,! angel said3 #8?is ,mh ,pyah is also "o ( ! sph]es ( p>adise1 9 :i* are ^? :o h p]=m$ e k9d ( m]itori\s act & de$1 except obs]v+ ! ,na ,roz4' ,he !n conduct$ me to ! ,khr%d ,pyah 7or sol> sph]e7 :]e ,i beheld spirits exce$+ly bright1 radiant z ! sun4 ,! angel said3 #8,9 ! sol> sph]e are ! p]sons :o h obs]v$ ! ,gt ,kh>d & ! ,na ,roz4' ,at 8 comm&1 ,i !n address$ my pray]s to ! ,w>akt & ,khurah-i-,yazdan1 or #8light ( ! ,almighty3' p]ception & intellect1 ?r\gh ! effects ( t]ror & ov]p[]+ awe1 began to flee f me2 a voice1 h[ev]1 f :i* ,i obta9$ r5ovat$ en]gy1 came to my he>+3 !re 0 !n "s oil#ddd giv5 me to dr9k out ( a gold5 cup3 ,i p>took ( x & f\nd x ( an incomp>able ta/e3 !y told me t x 0 ! food ( ! p ( p>adise4 ,i next beheld ,ardi ,beh/1#dde to :om ,i made my salam4 ,he said to me3 #8,place on ! sacr$ fire wood free f moi/ure4' ,suru% !n bore me (f to ,kurutaman1 or #8p>adise1'#ddf 9 ! light ( :i* ,i became bewild]$ 9 a/oni%m5t3 ,i knew none ( ! preci\s /ones ( :i* x 0 compos$4 ,! angels1 by ! comm& ( ! ,almighty1 took me r\nd e "p ( x4 ,i next came to a place :]e ,i beheld an illu/ri\s assemblage envelop$ 9 ,khurah1 t is1 #8radiance & pomp4' ,sur% ,a%ir said3 #8,^! are ! spirits ( ! munific5t & noble-m9d$4' ,aft] ?is ,i saw a great multitude 9 all magnific5ce4 ,sur% expla9$ to me3 #8,^! are ! spirits ( all :o h obs]v$ ! ,na ,roz4' ,next !m ,i beheld an assemblage 9 ! enjoym5t ( all magnific5ce & happ9ess4 ,sur% obs]v$3 #8,^! are ! spirits ( j pr9ces4' ,aft] ?is ,i beheld bless$ spirits 9 b\ndless joy & p[]4 ,suru% expla9$3 #8,^! are ! ,du/rs & ,mob$s3 my duty is to convey t class to ?is honor4' ,i next beheld a company ( wom5 rejoic+ 9 ! mid/ ( great pomp4 ,sur% ,a% & ,ardibah/ obs]v$3 #8,^! are ! spirits ( wom5 :o 7 ob$i5t to _! husb&s4' ,i !n beheld a multitude ( maje/ic & beautiful p]sons1 seat$ along ) angels4 ,sur% said3 #8?is class consi/s ( ,hrbuds & ,mob$s1 ! att5dants on fire-temples1 & ! obs]v]s ( ! ,ya%t & ,yazi%t ( ! ,am%asf&s4' ,aft] ^! ,i saw an arm$ assemblage 9 a /ate ( ! highe/ joy4 ,sur% in=m$ me3 #8,^! are ! spirits ( ! *ampions :o f\ght 9 ! ways ( ,god1 ma9ta9+ _! c\ntry & ! husb&m5 9 a /ate ( prosp]ity & tranquillity4' ,i next beheld a great assemblage 9 ! enjoym5t ( all delight & gladness4 ,sur% obs]v$3 #8,^! are ! spirits ( ! slay]s ( ! ,khur/r 7or noxi\s animals74'#ddg ,aft] ?is1 ,i witness$ a p giv5 up to sport+ & happ9ess4 ,suru% obs]v$3 #8,^! are ! spirits ( ! husb&m51 ov] :om ,safnd>muz is set2 he consequ5tly presides ov] ?is class1 z !y h propitiat$ him by _! acts4' ,i next beheld a great company surr\nd$ by all ! appliances ( enjoym5t4 ,sur% said3 #8,^! are ! spirits ( %eph]ds4' ,aft] ?is1 ,i beheld great numb]s 9 a /ate ( repose & joy1 & ! elem5tal pr9ciples ( p>adise /&+ be=e !m4 ,sur% obs]v$3 #8,^! are ! heads ( families1 fri5ds to build+1 :o h improv$ ! _w by g>d5s & wat]-c\rses1 & held ! elem5ts 9 rev]5ce4' ,i next came to ano!r class1 end[$ ) prophet-l radiance1 ( :om ,sur% rem>k$3 #8,^! are ! spirits ( ,jdngis4' ,by ,jdngis is meant "o :o solicits money f ! weal?y to promote ! way ( ! ,"l1 & :o exp5ds x on noble f\ndations & holy indig5t p]sons4 8,:at c ,i say conc]n+ ! black-ey$ nymphs! palaces1 (fspr+1 & att5dants! dr9ks & vi&s8any ?+ l :i* ,i "k n ( 9 ?is elem5tal _w4#ddh 8,aft] ?is ,sur% & ,ardibeh/1 tak+ me out ( p>adise1 bore me (f to behold ! puni%m5ts inflict$ on ^? 9 hell4 ,fir/ ( all1 ,i beheld a black & gloomy riv] ( fetid wat]1 ) weep+ multitudes fall+ 9 & dr[n+4 ,sur% said3 #8,?is wat] is collect$ f ! te>s %$ by relatives on ! dea? ( a p]son2 & ^? :o are dr[n+ are !y ^: relatives1 aft] _! dea?1 break out into m\rn+1 weep+1 & te>s4' ,i next proce$$ t[>ds ! bridge ( judgm5t1 :]e ,i beheld a _s r5t f ! body1 & m\rn+ = its sep>ation3 !re arose a fetid gale1 out ( :i* issu$ a gloomy figure1 ) r$ eye-balls1 hook$ nose1 hide\s lips1 tee? l columns1 a head l ! kettle ( a m9>et1#ddi long talons1 spe>-l fangs1 snaky locks1 & vomit+ out smoke4 ,! al>m$ _s hav+ ask$1 #8,:o art ?\8' he answ]$1 #8,i am ! p]sonification ( ?y acts & de$s4' ,on say+ ?is1 he ?rew 8 h&s ar\nd ! _s's neck1 s t 8 lam5tations came to ! bridge ( judgm5t1 :i* is %>p] ?an a razor3 on ?is ! _s hav+ gone a little way ) great difficulty1 at la/ fell into ! inf]nal regions4 ,i !n foll[$ him1 accompani$ by ,sru% & ,ardibehe/3 our road lay ?r\gh sn[1 ice1 /orms1 int5se cold1 mephitic exhalations1 & obscurity1 along a region full ( pits3 into ^! ,i look$1 & !re beheld c\ntless myriads ( spirits suff]+ tortures4 ,!y all wail$ bitt]ly1 & ! d>kness 0 s ?ick t "o 0 unable to p]ceive ! o!r1 or to di/+ui% 8 lam5tation3 ?ree days su* puni%m5t is equal to n9e ?\s& ye>s1 & ! same calculation applies to ! o!r pits1 9 all ( :i* 7 s]p5ts1 scorpions1 /++ & noxi\s creatures3 :atev] _s falls into !m 8,0 /ung by "o & torn by ano!r1 ,0 bit by ?is1 & pi]c$ by t40 8,sur% hav+ tak5 me bel[1 ,i !re beheld a _s ) a human head & s]p5t-l body1 surr\nd$ by _m demons :o 7 apply+ ! torture to 8 feet1 & smit+ him 9 e direction ) hat*ets1 dagg]s1 & maces1 :il/ noxi\s creatures 7 bit+ him on all sides4 ,sur% obs]v$3 #8,?is 0 a man ( vile passions4' ,i next saw a woman :o held 9 h] h& a cup fill$ ) blood & corrupt$ matt]2 demons kept /rik+ h] ) clubs & spe>s until %e swall[$ ! nause\s draught1 on :i* !y in/antly replac$ a simil> b[l 9 h] h&s4 ,sur% rem>k$3 #8,?is woman1 :il/ labor+ "u p]iodical illness1 approa*$ ! elem5ts1 ( fire & wat]4' ,i !n beheld a man wail+ pite\sly1 ^: head !y 7 scalp+ ) a poni>d3 ,sur% said3 #8,?is 0 a %$d] ( innoc5t blood4' ,i next saw a man :o 0 =c$ to swall[ blood & corrupt$ matt]1 ) :i* !y 7 cont9ually supply+ him4 ,! demons 9 ! mean "t tortur$ him1 & plac$ a heavy m\nta9 on 8 brea/3 ,sur% /at$ ?is to be #8,! _s ( a dissolute man1 :o s$uc$ ! wives ( o!r m54' ,aft] ?is1 ,i beheld a _s weep+ ?r\gh hung] & ?ir/2 s int5se 0 8 crav+1 t he drank 8 own blood & dev\r$ 8 own fle%4 ,sur% /at$3 #8,?is is ! _s ( "o :o obs]v$ n ! ,bj#dej :5 p>tak+ ( food1'0 7,bj is a rite practis$ by or?odox ,p>sees be=e meat1 z has be5 expla9$ "u ! head ( banquet7 8#8& :o on ! day ( ,aban#dea p>took ( wat]1 fruit1 & bread1 s t ! angels ,khurdd & ,murdd 7 displeas$ ) him4' ,i next beheld a woman susp5d$ by h] brea/s & noxi\s creatures fall+ on h]4 ,sur% said3 #8?is is a woman :o des]t$ h] husb& & w5t aft] ano!r man4' ,i !n saw a great multitude ( spirits1 furi\sly assail$ by rapaci\s animals & noxi\s creatures4 ,sur% /at$ ?us3 #8,^! are p]sons :o adopt$ n ! ,ka%ti#deb or sacr$ c9cture z worn by pr(essors ( ! excell5t fai?4' ,i next beheld a woman hung up1 ) h] tongue protrud+ f ! h9d "p ( ! neck4 ,sur% obs]v$3 #8,?is is a woman :o obey$ n h] husb&1 & repli$ to him ) h>% answ]s & opposition4' ,i !n saw a man eat+ ) a ladle ! mo/ noxi\s ?+s1 ( :i* if he took too small a portion1 demons smote him ) wood5 clubs4 ,sur% obs]v$3 #8?is is ! _s ( "o :o betray$ 8 tru/4' ,i aft] ?is beheld a man hung up1 surr\nd$ by sev5ty demons1 :o 7 la%+ him ) s]p5ts in/ead ( sc\rges2 & mean:ile ! s]p5ts kept gnaw+ 8 fle% ) _! fangs4 ,sur% ,a% said3 #8,?is is a k+ :o extort$ money f 8 subjects by torture4' ,i next beheld a man ) wide-op5$ m\? & protrud+ tongue1 8,) s]p5ts & scorpions cov]$ all ov]1 ,! "o lac]at+ ) fangs1 ! o!rs la%+ ) _! tails4 8,sur% said3 #8,?is 0 a tale-be>]1 :o by 8 lies caus$ diss5sion & /rife among mank9d4' ,aft] ?is ,i saw a man1 e ligature & jo9t ( ^: body !y 7 te>+ asund]4 ,sur% said3 #8,?is p]son has sla9 _m f\r-foot$ animals4' ,i next beheld a man expos$ to body-r5d+ torture1 conc]n+ :om ,sur% said3 #8,?is 0 a weal?y1 av>ici\s man1 :o employ$ n 8 ri*es = ! useful purposes ( ei!r _w4' ,i !n saw a p]son to :om 7 (f]$ all sorts ( noxi\s creatures1 :il/ "o foot 0 free f all k9d ( suff]+4 ,sur% said conc]n+ him3 #8,?is is ! _s ( a neglig5t p]son1 :o did n 9 ! lea/ att5d to ! conc]ns ( ! _w or ! _w to come4 ,z he once pass$ along ! road1 he obs]v$ a goat ti$ up 9 su* a mann] t x 0 unable to get at its food3 ) t foot he toss$ ! =age t[>ds ! animal1 9 recomp5se ( :i* good act t foot is exempt f suff]+4' ,i next beheld a p]son ^: tongue 0 laid on a /one1 & demons kept beat+ x ) ano!r4 ,conc]n+ him ,sur% obs]v$3 #8,?is p]son 0 an habitual sl&]] & li>1 ?r\gh ^: words p fell into mis*ief4' ,i !n saw a woman ^: brea/s ! demons 7 gr9d+ "u a mill/one4 ,ab\t h] ,sur% obs]v$3 #8,?is woman produc$ abortion by means ( drugs4' ,i next beheld a man 9 ^: sev5 memb]s worms _h fix$ !mselves4 ,conc]n+ him ,sur% said3 #8,?is p]son gave false witness = money1 & d]iv$ 8 support f t res\rce4' ,aft] ?is ,i saw a man dev\r+ ! fle% ( a corpse & dr9k+ human gore4 ,sur% obs]v$3 #8,?is is ! _s ( "o :o amass$ weal? by unlawful means4' ,i aft]w>ds beheld a great multitude ) pallid faces1 fetid bodies1 & limbs cov]$ ) worms4 ,ab\t ^! ,sur% ,a% obs]v$3 #8,^! are hypocrites ( satanic qualities1 ^: he>ts 7 n 9 accordance ) _! words1 & :o l$ a/ray ! pr(essors ( ! excell5t fai?1 dive/+ !mselves ( all respect = religion & morality4' ,i next saw a man ! memb]s ( ^: body hell-h\nds 7 r5d+ asund]4 ,conc]n+ him ,sur% said3 #8,?is man 0 9 ! habit ( slaught]+ wat] & l& dogs4' ,i next beheld a woman hurl$ into sn[ & smitt5 by ! gu>dians ( fire4 ,ab\t h] ,sur% said3 #8,:5 ?is woman comb$ h]self1 h] hairs fell into ! fire4' ,aft] ?is ,i beheld ano!r woman te>+ (f ) a poni>d ! fle% ( h] own body & dev\r+ x4 ,suru% said3 #8,?is is an en*antress :o us$ to fasc9ate m54' ,next h] ,i saw a man :om ! demons =c$ by bl[s to swall[ blood1 corrupt$ matt]1 & human fle%4 ,conc]n+ him ,sur% said3 #8,?is man 0 9 ! habit ( ca/+ dead bodies1 corrupt$ matt]1 nails1 & hair into fire & wat]4' ,i aft]w>ds beheld a p]son dev\r+ ! fle% & sk9 ( a dead body4 ,sur% said3 #8,?is p]son defraud$ ! lab\r]s ( _! hire4' ,i next beheld a man ) a m\nta9 on 8 back1 :om ) 8 load !y =c$ ?r\gh t]ror into ! mid/ ( sn[s & ice4 ,sur% obs]v$3 #8,?is 0 an adult]]1 :o took ! wife f h] husb&4' ,i aft]w>ds saw a numb] ( ill-fat$ p]sons up to _! necks 9 ice & sn[1 be=e ea* ( :om 0 a cup fill$ ) gore1 & hair1 & impurities1 :i*1 ?r\gh t]ror ( bl[s & clubs1 !y 7 oblig$ to swall[4 ,sur% obs]v$3 #8,^! are p]sons :o us$ w>m ba?+ along ) ! ,bat>de5 7or ! enemies ( ! fai?7 wa%+ _! bodies & heads 9 su* unclean & pollut$ ba?s4' ,i !n beheld a p]son groan+ "u ! weight ( a m\nta94 ,conc]n+ him ,sur% said3 #8,?is man laid heavy taxes on ! p1 e/abli%$ evil ord9ances1 & oppress$ mank9d4' ,next him ,i beheld "o digg+ up a m\nta9 ) 8 f+]s & nails1 :il/ ! sup]9t5d5t kept smit+ him ) a vip]4 ,sur% said3 #8,?is is a man :o by viol5ce seiz$ on ! l&s ( o!rs3' 8,z long z ?is e>? & place cont9ue to exi/1 ,s long1 by way ( retribution1 %all ?is _s be ?us employ$4 ,i aft]w>ds saw a man ! fle% ( ^: %\ld]s & body !y 7 scrap+ (f ) a comb ( iron4 ,conc]n+ him ,sur% said3 #8,?is man 0 an egregi\s violator ( promises & break] ( engagem5ts4' ,i !n beheld a great multitude ^: h&s & feet !y 7 smit+ ) bludgeons1 iron maces1 & su* l4 ,conc]n+ ^! ,sur% obs]v$3 #8,?is class is compos$ ( promise-break]s & ! violators ( cov5ants1 :o ma9ta9$ fri5d%ip ) ,d>w&s1#dec or ^? ho/ile to ! fai?4' ,sur%1 ,a%1 & ,ardibehe/ !n l$ me f t abode ( mis]y to ,girutuman1 #8! seat ( supreme bliss1' or #8p>adise on high1' :i* is call$ #8! heav5 ( heav5s4' ,on behold+ ! light & spl5dor ( ! righte\s ,"l1 ,i became entranc$1 & ?is _s-reviv+ voice rea*$ my e>s3 #8,?r\gh ?y virtu\s words & actions1 :i* h be5 con=mable to ! excell5t fai?1 jo9$ to ! co-op]ation & en]gy ( intellect1 ?\gh ha/ resi/$ all ! demons :i* infe/ ! body1 & ha/ !re=e atta9$ to ?is rank4' ,sur% !n tak+ me by ! h&1 said3 #8,communicate to mank9d all ?\ ha/ he>d4' ,he next took me d[n to p>adise1 :]e sev]al spirits receiv$ me & said3 #8,reveal ^! my/]ies to our relations1 t !y may bew>e ( s94' ,i next came to ! lun> mansion1 :]e !y address$ me 9 ! same mann]4 ,i aft]w>ds rea*$ ! />ry mansion ) ! same two companions1 & "h also ! spirits advanc$ to receive me1 say+3 #8,c\nsel our relations to make ,ya%t & ,yazi%t 7to pray 9 a l[ murmur+ tone at meal-"t7 & to cleave firmly to ! fe/ival ( ! ,na ,roz1 & ! gird+ ( ! c9cture2 _h we obs]v$ ^! rites1 we %\ld n h rema9$ 9 ?is mansion1 b gone on to ,p>adise4' ,x appe>s to foll[ f :at has be5 /at$1 t ! />ry mansion or zodiacal sph]e is bel[ t ( ! moon2 ! ,yezdanians h[ev] say1 t ! />ry mansion signifies ! mansion ( ! spirits :o bel[ ! lun> sph]e are n exempt$ f suff]+s1 b are atta*$ to ! bodies ( ! virtu\s by means ( ! zodiacal signs4#ded 8,i next came to ,*nawad ,pul 7! bridge ( judgm5t7 :]e _m spirits ?us address$ me3 #8,tell m5 to leave sons beh9d !m 9 ! _w1 or o!rwise !y mu/1 l u1 rema9 "h4' 8,we behold p>adise 9 di/ant p]spective1 ,b are f> remov$ f its enjoym5t4 8,ano!r company ( spirits said3 #8,let n m5 look at ! wife or mate ( ano!r2 & let !m hold up none to suspicion3 o!rwise !y mu/ rema9 "h l u1 until our injur$ enemy comes hi!r f ! _w3 if he be propitiat$1 we may be deliv]$4' 8,sur% & ,ardibehe/ !n br\ght me to ! l[] _w & bade me adieu40#dee ,:5 ! scribe _h writt5 d[n all ! words ( ,ardi ,viraf1 he read !m ov] to ! great k+1 :o !reupon duly promulgat$ ! excell5t fai?1 & s5t ,mob$s to all ! bord]s ( ,iran4 ,aft] 7! dea? ( ,arda%ir7 appe>$ ! ,mob$ ,az>bad1#def ! son ( ,m>asf& 7^: l9eage by ! fa!r asc5d$ to ! prophet ,z>du%t1 & by 8 "m to k+ ,gu%tasp71 f :om k+ ,%apur 7! son ( ,arde%ir7 & ! milit>y hav+ dem&$ a miracle 9 pro( ( ! fai?1 ! =ty ?\s& wise m5 7 aga9 assembl$4#deg ,az>bad1 hav+ p]=m$ 8 ablutions1 lay d[n be=e ?is great assemblage1 :]eupon !y p\r$ n9e mans ( melt$ brass ^u 8 b>$ brea/1 b1 ?r\gh ! div9e glory1 8 p]son receiv$ no injury4 ,on behold+ ?is1 all ^? :o be=e _h be5 unbeliev]s1 embrac$ ! fai?4 ,f ! "t ( ,az>bd ! ,du/rs ( all succe$+ k+s 7 ( 8 l9eage4#deh ,! pr(essors ( ! excell5t fai? & ! ,moslem hi/orians agree1 t 9 ,ka%mir or ,ka%m>1#dei a place celebrat$ = female beauty1 a dep5d5cy ( ,nai%apur1 !re 0 =m]ly a cypress#dfj plant$ by ,z>du%t = k+ ,gu%tasp1 ! l ( :i* 0 nev] se5 be=e or s9ce1 = beauty1 height1 or /raightness3 m5tion ( ?is tree hav+ be5 made at ! c\rt ( ,mutawakkal#dfa :5 he 0 engag$ 9 build+ ! ,s>man ra1 or ,sam>ah#dfb palace 9 ! ,jafriyah1#dfc ! ,khalif felt a great desire to behold x3 & z x 0 n 9 8 p[] to g to ,khorasan1 he wrote to ,abdallah ,thir ,zavalim91 8possessor ( happ9ess10 to h ! tree cut d[n1 fa/5$ on roll]s1 & s5t to ,baghdd4 ,:5 intellig5ce ( ?is came to ! p ( ! di/rict & ! inhabitants ( ,khorasan1 !y assembl$ at ! foot ( ! tree1 implor+ = m]cy ) te>s & lam5tations1 & exhibit+ a sc5e ( g5]al desolation4 ,! pr(essors ( ! excell5t fai? (f]$ ! gov]nor fifty ?\s& d9>s to sp>e ! tree1 b ! (f] 0 refus$4 ,:5 ! cypress 0 fell$1 x caus$ great detrim5t to ! build+s & wat]-c\rses ( ! c\ntry2 ! birds ( diff]5t k9ds :i* _h built _! ne/s on x issu$ =? 9 su* c\ntless myriads z to d>k5 ! air1 scream+ out 9 agony ) v>i\s tones ( di/ress3 ! v ox51 %eep1 & o!r animals :i* repos$ "u its %elt]+ %ade1 comm5c$ su* pite\s moans ( woe t x 0 impossible to li/5 to !m4 ,! exp5se ( convey+ ! trunk to ,baghdad 0 five hundr$ ?\s& d9>s2 ! v bran*es load$ "o ?\s& & ?ree hundr$ camels4 ,:5 ! tree _h rea*$ "o /ation f ! ,jaafriyah qu>t]1 on t same night1 ,mutawakkal ! ,abasside 0 cut 9 pieces by 8 own gu>ds1#dfd s t he nev] beheld ! tree4 ,"s ,muhamm$an writ]s /ate ! circumf]5ce ( ! trunk at tw5ty-sev5 tziynah1 ea* a cubit & a qu>t] long1 & also t f\rte5 hundr$ & fifty ye>s _h elaps$ f ! "t ( its be+ plant$ to ! ye> #bcb ( ! ,hejirah 7#hdf1 ,a4 ,d474#dfe ,! ,behdnians say t ,z>du%t br\ght ) him f p>adise a bran* :i* he plant$ at ! gate ( ! fire temple ( ,ka%mir1 & :i* grew up into ?is tree3 b "s sages ma9ta9 t1 accord+ to ! intellig5t1 ?is tradition signifies3 #a4 t !re is 9 vegetables a simple uncomp\nd$ s\l2 & #b4 t p>adise is ! _w ( be+s ( t class4 ,"s ,yezdanians say t ,z>du%t pray$ ! sup]9t5d+ "l ( cypress-trees1 :om !y call ,azrawn1 to n\ri% c>efully ! (fspr+ ( ?is %oot4 ,!y also relate1 on ! au?ority ( a holy ,hakim1 8doctor10#dff :o said3 8,i saw ! ,"l ( ! cypress1 & he decl>$3 #8,i h giv5 ord]s to slay ,mutawakkal = ! crime ( cutt+ d[n ?is tree4'0 ,muhamm$ ,kuli ,salim also says3 8,no p]son wi%es to see 8 own nursl+ enfeebl$4 ,wat] & fire are ev] at enmity ) *ips & leaves40 ,! ,behdnians ma9ta9 t ,ahriman is ! production ( ,"t2 & t ! angels1 heav5s1 & />s 7always7 71 & w 7= ev]7 be3 b t ! ?ree k+doms ( nature are a creation4 ,also t ! p]iod ( ! pres5t creation is twelve ?\s& ye>s1 at ! expiration ( :i* comes ! resurrection1 :5 ,god w raise up all mank9d & r5d] ?is elem5tal _w a glori\s p>adise1 & annihilate ,ahriman1 8 wor%ipp]s1 & hell itself4 ,! ,du/r ,%ah ,zadh says1 9 ! volume ( ! ,sad ,d]1 or 8! hundr$ gates10#dfg ! excell5t fai? has be5 receiv$ f ! prophet ,z>du%t1 ! son ( ,pur%asp1 ! son ( ,khaj>asp1 ! son ( ,hujjs1 ! son ( ,asfantaman3 on him ! ,almighty graci\sly be/[$ ! ,ave/a & ,z&1 & ?r\gh div9e k he compreh5d$ all ?+s f et]nity to inf9ity4 ,?is is ! hundr$-gat$ city con/ruct$ f ! _w ( tru?1 t is1 ! cele/ial volume4 8,! mighty1 ?r\gh means ( ! ,a/a1 ,z&1 & ,paz&1 ,h con/ruct$ on its outside a hundr$ gates4 ,behold :at a sy/em ( belief ,z>du%t has introduc$1 ,9 :i* a hundr$ gates give admission to 8 city ( ,fai?40 ,,gate ,,! ,,fir/ is ! belief & ackn[l$gm5t ( ,z>du%t's prophetic "*2 = :5 ! _s on ! f\r? night 7aft] quitt+ ! body7 comes to ! bridge ( ,*9avad1 :]e ,mihr ,iz$ & ,ra% ,iz$ take acc\nt ( its actions1 9 ! ,kirfah1 or 8good de$s0 exce$ ! s9s by "o hair's po9t1 !y be> ! _s (f to p>adise1 b always on ! condition ( hav+ pr(ess$ ! fai? ( ,z>du%t4 ,,gate ,,! ,,second4 ,x is necess>y to be ev] vigilant1 & always look+ on a trifl+ s9 z "o ( magnitude1 to flee f> f x2 because1 if ! virtu\s de$s exce$ ! s9ful acts by ev5 ! po9t ( "o ( ! hairs ( ! eye-la%es1 ! _s goes to p>adise2 b %\ld ! contr>y be ! case1 x desc5ds to hell4 ,,gate ,,! ,,?ird4 ,! pursuits ( a man %\ld be ( a virtu\s t5d5cy2 because1 :il/ ?us engag$1 if he be ov]p[]$ by robb]s or foes1 he %all receive f\rfold 9 p>adise2 b if he be sla9 9 any va9 pursuit1 x is ! retribution due to 8 acts1 & hell is 8 abode4 ,,gate ,,! ,,f\r?4 ,a man mu/ n despair ( ,god's m]cy2 = ,z>du%t says3 8,i beheld "o ^: body1 ) ! exception ( "o foot1 0 entirely 9 hell2 b t foot 0 outside4 ,! ,"l said3 #8,?is p]son1 :o rul$ ov] ?irty-?ree cities1 nev] p]=m$ good de$s2 b hav+ "o day obs]v$ a %eep ti$ up at a di/ance f h] food1 he ) ?is foot pu%$ ! grass ne> h]4'0#dfh ,,gate ,,! ,,fif?4 ,let all m5 ex]t !mselves to obs]ve ! rites ( ,ya%t1#dfi & ! ,na ,roz1#dgj & if !y _c !mselves p]=m ^! duties1 let !m pur*ase ! ag5cy ( ano!r4 ,,gate ,,! ,,six?4 ,let m5 "k t ! m]itori\s works are six 9 numb]3 #a4 ! obs]vance ( ! ,gahamb>a1 or 8six p]iods ( creation20 #b4 t ( ! ,fav>digan1 or 8five supplem5t>y days ( ! ye>10 ) t ( ,ya%tan1 8or pray+ 9 a l[ murmur+ voice at meals20 #c4 propitiat+ ! spirits ( ?y fa!r1 "m1 & o!r relations2 #d4 (f]+ up supplications to ! sun ?ree times e day2 #e4 (f]+ up pray]s to ! moon ?ree times e mon?1 t is1 ! beg9n+1 middle1 & la/ day ( ! moon2 #f4 (f]+ up supplications 9 due =m e ye>4 ,,gate ,,! ,,sev5?4 ,:5 sneez+ comes on1 repeat ! entire ( ! =ms call$ ,ita ahu virio1#dga & ! ,a%em ,vuhu4 ,,gate ,,! ,,eigh?4 ,be ob$i5t to ! ,du/rs & give !m "o-t5? ( ?y weal?2 z t is a mo/ m]itori\s "w1 or ,kirfah4#dgb ,,gate ,,! ,,n9?4 ,a p]son %\ld avoid all practices n sanction$ by ! laws ( nature1 & mu/ look on !m z accurs$3 let all ^? f\nd guilty ( su* de$s be put to dea?4 ,?is description ( crim9als are equally guilty ) ! usurp] ,zohak1 & ,alkus1#dgc & ,s>rak1#dgd & ,afrasiab1 & ,turb>aturas4#dge ,,gate ,,! ,,t5?4 ,x is incumb5t on e man & woman to tie on ! ,ka%ti4#dgf ,by ,ka%ti is meant a wooll5 c9cture gird$ r\nd ! wai/1 9 :i* !y make f\r knots3 ! fir/ to signify ! unity ( ,god2 ! second1 ! c]ta9ty ( ! fai?2 ! ?ird1 t ,z>du%t 0 ! prophet ( ,god2 ! f\r? to imply1 8t ,i w to ! utmo/ ( my p[] ev] d :at is good40 ,,gate ,,! ,,elev5?4 ,keep ! fire burn+1 & let x n consume any ?+ impure4 ,,gate ,,! ,,twelf?4 ,let n ! %r\d ( ! deceas$ be new1 b let x be clean & old4 ,,gate ,,! ,,?irte5?4 ,! good man gives joy to ! spirits ( 8 fa!r & "m1 by celebrat+ ! ,d>un miezd#dgg & ! ,af]nign1#dgh or 8fun]eal 8repa/s40 ,! ,d>un is a pray] recit$ 9 praise ( ! ,almighty & ( ,az>3 :5 !y brea! out pray]s 9 a murmur+ tone ov] vi&s1 !y are said to be ,ye%tah4 ,afr9igan also means "o ( ! tw5ty ,nosks ( ! ,z&4 ,,gate ,,! ,,f\rte5?4 ,let !m repeat ! ,ita ,ahu ?ree times ov] ! collect$ nail-p>+s1 & hav+ ea* "t drawn a circul> l9e ar\nd !m1 let e>? be p\r$ on !m ) ! %e>s1 or let !m be tak5 to "s m\nta94#dgi ,,gate ,,! ,,fifte5?4 ,:atev] pleas+ object meets ! true believ]'s sight1 he repeats ov] x ! "n ( ,god4 ,,gate ,,! ,,sixte5?4 ,9 ! h\se ( a pregnant woman keep ! fire 9 )\t ceas+2 & :5 ! *ild is born1 let n ! lamp be ext+ui%$ dur+ ?ree days & nights4 ,!y say t1 on ! bir? ( ! prophet ,z>du%t1 !re came fifty demons ) ! design ( slay+ him2 b !y 7 unable to d him any injury z !re 0 a fire kept up 9 ! h\se4 ,,gate ,,! ,,sev5te5?4 ,on aris+ f sleep1 b9d ! ,ka%ti1 )\t do+ :i* ent] ^u no pursuit :atev]4 ,,gate ,,! ,,eighte5?4 ,let ! too?-pick1 aft] hav+ be5 us$1 be conceal$ 9 a wall4 ,,gate ,,! ,,n9ete5?4 ,!y give _! son & daught] 9 m>riage at an e>ly p]iod2 z ! p]son :o has no son _c pass ov] ! bridge ( ,*9avad2 let :oev] is 9 t /ate adopts "s "o2 if he %\ld n f9d x feasible1 x w !n be incumb5t on 8 relations & ! ,du/r to fix on a son = him4 ,,gate ,,! ,,tw5tie?4 ,!y e/eem husb&ry ! be/ ( all pr(essions1 & reg>d ! husb&man ) respect & honor4 ,,gate ,,! ,,tw5ty-,,fir/4 ,x is meet to give good vi&s to ! pr(essors ( ! pure fai?4 ,,gate ,,! ,,tw5ty-,,second4 ,at ! "t ( eat+ bread x is necess>y to p]=m ,vj3#dhj & at ! "t ( ,maizad & ,afr9ign to keep ! lips clos$2 ! true believ] repeats ! entire ( ! ,e%a ad avizmidi ?ree times1 & !n eats bread2 & :5 he wa%es 8 m\?1 he repeats ,a%em ,vuhu f\r times1 & ! ,ita ahu virio twice4 ,x is to be rem>k$1 t ,wj or ,vj is ! ,b>som1#dha :i* consi/s ( small twigs ( ! same l5g?1 )\t knots1 tak5 f ! pomegranate1 tam>isk1 or ,hum2 ^! !y cut ) a ,b>som*91 or knife ) an iron h&le4 ,hav+ fir/ wa%$ ! knife c>efully1 !y recite ! appo9t$ pray]s1 aft] :i*1 hav+ cut (f ! ,b>som ) ! ,b>som*91 !y wa% ! ,b>somdan1 or ,b>som-hold]1 into :i* !y put ^! small twigs4 ,at ! "t ( wor%ip1 :il/ read+ ! ,z&1 & dur+ ablution or eat+1 !y hold 9 _! h& a few ( ^! twigs1 accord+ to ! numb] requir$ 9 ea* ( ^! actions4 ,,gate ,,! ,,tw5ty-,,?ird4 ,! weal?y man be/[s alms on ! indig5t ,durve%2 he also practises ,jadongoi1 :i* consi/s 9 ?is1 :atev] donations ! ,behdnians make to ! fire-temples1 or to des]v+ objects1 are by t p]son caus$ to be exp5d$ 9 ! mann] desir$4 ,,gate ,,! ,,tw5ty-,,f\r?4 ,bew>e ( s91 p>ticul>ly ! day on :i* ?\ eate/ fle%1 z fle%-meat is ! nutrim5t ( ,ahriman4 ,if1 aft] p>tak+ ( meat ?\ committe/ s91 :atev] s9s ! animal has committ$ 9 ?is _w %all be imput$ to !e3 = example1 ! kick ( ! horse1 & ! gor+ ( ! ox ) 8 horns4 ,,gate ,,! ,,tw5ty-,,fif?4 ,"k t 9 ?y fai? !re is no fa/+1 except t ( avoid+ s93#dhc 9 :i* s5se ?\ mu/ fa/ ! :ole ye>1 & n rema9 hungry f morn until night1 & /yle t fa/+4 ,?\ mu/ endeavor to keep ?y memb]s free f s91 & !re w be !n no occasion to keep ! lips clos$ aga9/ meat & dr9k2 b x is altoge!r necess>y to keep !m clos$ aga9/ utt]+ any evil spee*4 ,,gate ,,! ,,tw5ty-,,six?4 ,z soon z a *ild is born let !m cause x to ta/e milk4 ,,gate ,,! ,,tw5ty-,,sev5?4 ,:5 go+ to b$1 repeat ! =ms :i* comm5ce ) ! ,ita2 t is1 repeat to ! end ! ,x ,ahu ,viryo1 ! ,e%im ,vahu1 etc41 etc42 rep5t+ ( ?y s9s ( sight & he>+1 kn[n & unkn[n1 committ$ or m$itat$1 & implor+ =giv5ess2 also1 :5 ?\ turne/ f "o side to ! o!r1 repeat ! :ole ( ! ,e%im4 ,,gate ,,! ,,tw5ty-,,eigh?4 ,:5 ?\ ent]e/ into a cov5ant ei!r ) "o ( ! pure fai? or an unbeliev] 7,durw&71 break x n1 b ma9ta9 x inviolate4 ,,gate ,,! ,,tw5ty-,,n9?4 ,:5 ! believ]'s son atta9s ! age ( fifte51 ! fa!r appo9ts a ,du/r = 8 guidance1 )\t ^: direction & c\nsel he does no?+2 = no good "w is acceptable to ,god1 unless ! ,du/r be satisfi$2 he truly possesses su* dignity 9 ! sight ( ,god1 t he c remit "o-?ird ( any p]son's s9s4 ,note1 t ! title ( ,du/r is giv5 to a spiritual director1 or "o skill$ 9 ! fai? ( ,z>atu%t4 ,,gate ,,! ,,?irtie?4 ,:5 any und]tak+ occurs1 & ?\ kn[e/ n :e!r engag+ 9 x be good or s9ful1 desi/1 & def] ! ent]prise until ?\ ha/ consult$ ! ,du/r4 ,,gate ,,! ,,?irty-,,fir/4 ,! believ] und]takes no?+ on 8 own exp]i5ce m]ely1 )\t previ\sly inve/igat+ its nature ?r\gh 8 ,du/r1 8 relation1 & ! exp]i5ce ( ! intellig5t4 ,,gate ,,! ,,?irty-,,second4 ,:oev] /udies ! ,ave/a mu/ le>n to read x 9 ! exact words3 he mu/ also m$itate on x cont9ually2 = %\ld x dep>t f 8 memory1 he is guilty ( s94 ,9 anci5t times1 :oev] _h le>n$ ! ,ave/a & =gott5 x1 0 n p]mitt$ to jo9 ! congregation1 until he _h aga9 made himself ma/] ( x3 nay1 !y ?rew bread be=e him z !y w\ld to dogs4 ,,gate ,,! ,,?irty-,,?ird4 ,x behoves a man to be lib]al1 %[+ favor to ! ,arzan1 or des]v+ objects1 = ?is only is pr(itable4 ,,gate ,,! ,,?irty-,,f\r?4 ,! religi\s p\r n out wat] at night1 p>ticul>ly t[>ds ! ,wakht>1 or 8ea/20 b %\ld x be indisp5sable1 ! believ]1 at ! "t ( ?r[+ x out1 repeats ! =m ( words comm5c+ ) ! ,ita1 z f> z enjo9$4 ,nei!r does he draw wat] f ! well at night2 b :5 !re is an inevitable necessity = x1 he recites ! =mula ( ! ,ita1 z enjo9$ 9 _! books4 ,!y seldom dr9k wat] at night2 b if x be unavoidably necess>y to dr9k1 !y fet* wat] f ! well3 moreov]1 !y nev] p\r out mu* wat]4 ,,gate ,,! ,,?irty-,,fif?4 ,:5 !y eat bread1 !y lay by ?ree morsels = ! dogs1 & nev] ill use ^! animals4 ,,gate ,,! ,,?irty-,,six?4 ,:5 a cock cr[s out ( season1 !y kill him n1 b br+ ano!r to 8 aid1 = ! f[l hav+ se5 a ,d>ji 7demon7 or "s approa*+ calamity1 gives notice ( x4#dhd ,,gate ,,! ,,?irty-,,sev5?4 ,if 9 any place a p]son :o is de/itute ( fe> %\ld deposit a ,nisa1 or 8c>case0 "u gr\nd1 expose & br+ x =?4 ,,gate ,,! ,,?irty-,,eigh?4 ,x is by no means meet to slay animals 9 pr(usion1 z e hair ( !irs w 9 ! o!r _w be z a sword to ! de/roy]'s body3 b ! slaught] ( %eep is by f> ! mo/ crim9al2 = !y are ( ! ,s>dah1#dhe or 8prim>y g5us40 ,?is prohibition includes ! goat1 ! kid1 & ! lamb2 ! c[ & ! horse2 also ! cr[+ cock1 :i* dur+ t "t is z a drum3 nay1 x is equally improp] to slay ! cock :i* cr[s n2 b %\ld x be indisp5sably necess>y to kill him1 x w be prop] to tie 8 head 7t is1 to p]=m ! rite ( ,ya%tan ov] 8 head74#dhf ,,gate ,,! ,,?irty-,,n9?4 ,:5 ?\ art ab\t to wa% ! face1 jo9 ?y lips1 & recite once ! =mula ( ! ,a%im ,vuhu z f> z is prescrib$2 !n wa% ?y face2 & :5 ?\ %ave/1 recite ! pray] ( ! ,kimna & ,mazda#dhg z f> z ! appo9t$ place4 ,,gate ,,! ,,=tie?4 ,:oev] p]=ms ,b>a%nom#dhh mu/ be good 9 ^w & de$1 = o!rwise he is des]v+ ( dea?4 ,:oev] comes to ! age ( fifte5 & p]=ms n ?is rite1 r5d]s :atev] he lays 8 h& on impure l himself4 ,note1 t ,b>a%nom signifies ! purification ( "o's self by pray]4 ,,gate ,,! ,,=ty-,,fir/4 ,on ! arrival ( ! ,f>v>dign1 ! believ] p]=ms ! ,d>n ,yezd1 ,yazi%1 & ,afrn dur+ t5 days4 ,! ,f>v>dign are five damsels :i* sp91 weave1 & sew cele/ial g>m5ts3 _! names are ,ahnavad1 ,a%navad1 ,isf9tamad1 ,kukha%at>1 ,vah%%p%4#dhi ,f>v>digan#dij is ! "n ( ! five supplem5t>y or int]cal>y days ( ! ,p]sian ye>4 ,:5 ! _s quits ?is _w x is nak$2 b :oev] has duly p]=m$ ! ,f>v>dign obta9s f !m royal robes & cele/ial ornam5ts4 ,accord+ to ! ,yezdnin1 ^! five damsels signify wisdom1 h]oism1 cont95ce1 ju/ice1 & intellect2#dia & 9 o!r passages !y call !m ! five s5ses4 ,,gate ,,! ,,=ty-,,second4 ,! true believ] mu/ bew>e ( associat+ ) ^? ( a diff]5t fai?2 let him n dr9k out ( ! same cup ) !m4 ,if an unbeliev] pollute a cup made ( brass1 x mu/ be wa%$ ?ree times3 b if x be ( e>?1 x _c become pure4 ,,gate ,,! ,,=ty-,,?ird4 ,keep up ! fire 9 ?y h\se1 & at night light x up4 ,,gate ,,! ,,=ty-,,f\r?4 ,%ew honor to ?y in/ructor1 fa!r1 & "m2 z o!rwise 9 ?is _w di/ress %all be ?y portion2 & 9 ! next1 hell4 ,,gate ,,! ,,=ty-,,fif?4 ,a woman1 9 h] p]iodical illness1 mu/ n direct h] eyes to ! heav5 or ! />s2 to runn+ wat] or a ,m9d%2 t is1 a pure or cele/ial man4 ,%e is to dr9k wat] out ( any vessel except "o ( e>?4 ,:5 %e eats bread1 h] h& is to be fold$ 9 ! sleeve ( h] dress1#dib & %e is to we> a veil on h] head4 ,,gate ,,! ,,=ty-,,six?4 ,refra9 f ,hamiyl1 :i* means calumny1 trea*]y1 & adult]y3 = if ! woman's husb& =give n ! adult]]1 he _c1 :atev] may be 8 good works1 behold ! face ( p>adise4 ,,gate ,,! ,,=ty-,,sev5?4 ,! believ] mu/ slay ! ,kh>/r1 or 8noxi\s creatures40 ,( ^! x is mo/ m]itori\s to de/roy wat]-frogs1 s]p5ts1 scorpions1 flies1 & ants4 ,accord+ to ! t5ets pr(ess$ by ! true believ]s1 t is1 ! ,yazdnn & ,abadin1 x is a m]itori\s "w to de/roy any creature :i* is injuri\s to animal life or oppressive to ! animal creation3 b ! de/ruction ( any creature :i* is n injuri\s to animal life1 is n only improp]1 b ! unju/ oppressor draws d[n retribution on himself4 ,! ,yezdnn ma9ta91 t :5ev] 9 anci5t records ! slaught] ( a h>mless animal is m5tion$1 ! expression is us$ 9 an enigmatical s5se4 ,,gate ,,! ,,=ty-,,eigh?4 ,x is n prop] to walk b>efoot$4 ,,gate ,,! ,,=ty-,,n9?4 ,rep5t )\t ceas+3 = unless att5tion be paid to ?is1 ?y s9 accumulates e ye>1 & becomes m aggravat$4 ,if1 :i* ,god =bid6 ?\ commit a s91 g be=e ! ,du/r2 & if ?\ f9d him n1 to ! ,hrbud 7or m9i/] att5d+ on ! sacr$ fire72 & if ?\ meet him n1 repair to "s pr(essor ( ! pure fai?2 & if ?\ f9d n su* a "o1 decl>e ?y rep5tance be=e ! maje/y ( ! great light4 ,9 l mann]1 at ! mom5t ( dep>t+ f ?is _w1 let a man decl>e 8 contrition1 & if he be unable1 let 8 son1 relative1 or ^? pres5t1 p]=m ?is rite ( p5ance at t "t4 ,,gate ,,! ,,fiftie?4 ,:5 a son or daught] atta9s ! age ( fifte51 x becomes necess>y to b9d ! sacr$ c9cture ab\t ! wai/1 z ?is =ms ! bond ( duty4 ,,gate ,,! ,,fifty-,,fir/4 ,if a *ild %\ld die1 f ! fir/ day ( its decease dur+ a space ( sev5 ye>s1 8)\t ! expression ( grief1 recite ! ,d>n ( its angel40 ,on ! f\r? night aft] its decease1 x is necess>y to recite ) ,ya%t1 ! ,d>n1 or pray] ( ! angel ,sur%4 ,note1 ,ya%t is ! "n giv5 to "o ( ! tw5ty-"o ,nosks ( ! ,z&1#dic :i* is recit$ = ! s\ls ( ! deceas$3 ?is !y also repeat 9 ! ,gahanb>s3 ,nosk also signifies a "p or section4 ,,gate ,,! ,,fifty-,,second4 ,:5 ?\ place/ on ! fire a cauldron = dress+ food1 x mu/ be ( a l>ge size1 & two ?irds ( x )\t wat]1 s t :5 x boils1 ! wat] may n fall ov] on ! fire4 ,,gate ,,! ,,fifty-,,?ird4#did ,:5 !y remove fire f "o place to ano!r1 !y lay x ap>t = a %ort "t1 until its place becomes cool2 hav+ tak5 c>e n to leave x heat$1 !y be> ! fire to its de/9$ place4 ,,gate ,,! ,,fifty-,,f\r?4#die ,! true believ]s wa% ! face e morn+ ) ! ,ab--zr1 or 8wat] ( p[]10 & aft]w>ds ) pure wat]4#dif ,aft] ?is !y recite ! =mula ( ! ,kimna va ,mazda1#dig & !n wa% ! h&s2 ?is rite !y call ,pavaj2 b if !y wa% n ! h&s 9 ! ,ab--zr1 _! recitation is n accept$4 ,,gate ,,! ,,fifty-,,fif?4 ,! fai?ful in/ruct _! sons 9 ! k ( religion1 & hold 9 high honor ! ,kirbud :o tea*es !m4 ,,gate ,,! ,,fifty-,,six?4 ,on ! return ( ! day ( ,khurdd 9 ! mon? ( ,f>v>dn 7! #f? ( ,m>*71 !y collect 9 "o place a portion ( all ! fruits !y c f9d4 ,! true believ]s !n cont9ue to (f] !m up & to pray ov] !m1 repeat+ ! praises ( ! ,"l1 9 ord] t _! condition may be improv$ t ye>2 z on ?is day ! angels give nutrim5t to mank9d4 ,:5 any "o has ?us pray$1 ! ,am%asp& ,khurdd makes int]cession = him3 ?is pray] is synonym\s ) ,khusnuman4#dih ,,gate ,,! ,,fifty-,,sev5?4 ,:5ev] any "o sets out on a j\rney1 he mu/ celebrate once ! ,d>n ,ye%t4 ,9 anci5t times1 :5 !y set out on an excursion ( ev5 twelve p>asangs1 !y p]=m$ ! same c]emony4#dii ,,gate ,,! ,,fifty-,,eigh?4 ,if any "o h n a son1 let him adopt "o2 & let ! adopt$ son reg>d him z a fa!r4 ,,gate ,,! ,,fifty-,,n9?4 ,:oev] has p]=m$ ! rites ( ,ya%t & ,na-,roz1 _c imm$iately aft] celebrate ! ,d>n ,ye%t3 he fir/ prays m5tally to ,ormuzd1 & eats bread2 & !n p]=ms ! rites ( m5tal pray] & ! ,d>un4 ,,gate ,,! ,,sixtie?4 ,x is improp]1 :il/ 9 an erect po/ure1 to make wat]2 x is !re=e necess>y to sit d[n 7/oop7 & =ce x to "s di/ance1 repeat+ ! ,ave/a m5tally4 ,! religi\s man is !n to advance ?ree paces1 & repeat once ! =mula ( ! ,ye? h viryo & ! ,e%em ,vahu1 z f> z prescrib$4 ,on com+ out1 he is to repeat ! ,e%em once2 ! =mula ( ! ,homoctanne twice2 t ( ! ,hokh%?rtem ?ree times1 & t ( ! ,ye?1 etc41 f\r times2 & to repeat to ! end ! =mula ( ! ,e?a aad iezm$e4#ejj ,,gate ,,! ,,sixty-,,fir/4 ,slay n ! ,hujjah or weasel1 = x is ! de/roy] ( s]p5ts4 ,,gate ,,! ,,sixty-,,second4 ,kill n ! wat]-dog1 or ott]1 b if ?\ p]ceive him f> out ( ! wat]1 take him back to 8 riv]4#eja ,,gate ,,! ,,sixty-,,?ird4 ,! believ] p]=ms dur+ 8 life ! rites :i* ensure 8 salvation3 ! propitiation ( ! ,iz$ ,sur% is a sacr$ duty2 x is !re=e advisable t e p]son %\ld p]=m x duly 9 8 own life-"t4#ejb ,,gate ,,! ,,sixty-,,f\r?4 ,:5 any "o dep>ts f ?is _w1 ! survivors dur+ ?ree days propitiate ,sur%1 light a fire = ! deceas$1 & recite ! ,ave/a3 z ! _s ( ! deceas$ rema9s !re ?ree days1 x is !re=e necess>y to (f] up ?ree ,d>ns to ,sur% ,iz$4 ,on ! f\r? night1 recite "o ( !m to propitiate ,ra% & ,a/ad 7! angels ( ! #ah? & #bf? days ( e mon?72 ano!r = t ( ! o!r heav5ly be+s2 along ) ! f\r? ,d>n produce complete dresses1 ! be/ & mo/ spl5did 9 ?y p[]4 ,^! !y /yle ,a%udd1 or heav5-be/[$4#ejc ,,gate ,,! ,,sixty-,,fif?4 ,wom5 are n enjo9$ to p]=m any ( ^! ,niyayi%1 except t !y %\ld g ?ree times into _! husb&'s pres5ce1 & inquire :at 8 wi%es may be4 ,!y mu/ nev]1 ei!r by night or day1 av]t ! face f _! husb&'s comm&3 :i* ob$i5ce on _! "p is s]v+ ,god4#ejd ,,gate ,,! ,,sixty-,,six?4 ,! pure fai? spr+s f ?is belief1 t ,god has deliv]$ u f affliction 79 ! _w to come73 & %\ld circum/ances occur to any believ] :i* w\ld necess>ily lead him to apo/atize f ! true fai?1 let all ex]t !mselves to ! utmo/ to aid him1 s t he may rema9 un%ak5 9 ! true religion4 ,,gate ,,! ,,sixty-,,sev5?4 ,believ]s nev] utt] a falsehood1 al?\gh ?r\gh x !y might atta9 to worldly em95ce4 ,,gate ,,! ,,sixty-,,eigh?4 ,!y make tru? _! pr(ession1 & rema9 free f ! degradation ( ,goya/ah 7or ,goge/ah74#eje ,,gate ,,! ,,sixty-,,n9?4 ,! believ]s bew>e ( any int]c\rse ) a c\rtesan or un*a/e woman1 also ( volunt>y degradation 7connivance7 & adult]y4 ,= :5 a lib]t9e engages 9 improp] correspond5ce ) a woman1 %e becomes an abom9ation to h] husb&2 & if1 aft] pro( ( h] misconduct1 ! husb& resume 8 intimacy ) su* a wife1 he !n becomes a ,rspi1 or utt]ly contemptible4 ,,gate ,,! ,,sev5tie?4 ,if any "o /eal prop]ty to ! am\nt ( "o direm1 !y take f ! ?ief two direms1 cut (f ! lobes ( 8 e>s1 inflict on him t5 bl[s ( a /ick1 & dismiss him aft] "o h\r's imprisonm5t4 ,%\ld he a second "t commit a simil> act1 & /eal to ! am\nt ( a direm1 !y make him refund two1 cut (f 8 e>s1 inflict tw5ty bl[s1 & deta9 him 9 prison two h\rs3 %\ld he aft] t /eal ?ree direms or two dangs1 !y cut (f 8 "r h&2 & if he /eal five hundr$ direms1 !y put him to dea?4 ,,gate ,,! ,,sev5ty-,,fir/4 ,bew>e ( op5 & secret s93 ab/a9 f bad sights & ?\ghts4 ,(f] up ?y grateful pray]s to ! ,"l1 ! mo/ j & pure ,ormuzd1 ! supreme & adorable ,god1 :o ?us decl>$ to 8 prophet ,z>du%t3 8,hold x n meet to d unto o!rs :at ?\ w\ld/ n h done to ?yself3 d t unto ! p :i*1 :5 done to ?yself1 proves n disagreeable to ?yself40 ,,gate ,,! ,,sev5ty-,,second4 ,direct ! ,hirbud to sanctify = !e an oblation or ,d>n once e day3 if n he1 !n ?yself4 ,x is to be obs]v$ t ,yazi% has ! s5se ( ,ya%tan2 also t ,d>n 7! fir/ lett] ) ,zemma7 means a pray] 9 praise ( ! ,"l & ( fire1 :i* be+ recit$ by ! pr(essors ( ! pure fai?1 !y brea! ov] ! vi&s2 :atev] has be5 ?us brea!d ov] !y call ,ya%tah3 = ,ya%tan signifies ! recit+ ( a pray]4 ,,gate ,,! ,,sev5ty-,,?ird4 ,let wom5 p]=m ! rites ( oblation 9 ! mon? ( ,aban 7! #h? mon?71 s t !y may be purifi$ f _! illness & atta9 p>adise4 ,,gate ,,! ,,sev5ty-,,f\r?4 ,bew>e ( committ+ adult]y2 = :5 ! wife ( a /rang] has be5 f\r times visit$ by a /range man1 %e becomes accurs$ to h] husb&3 to put su* a woman to dea? is m m]itori\s ?an slay+ bea/s ( prey4 ,,gate ,,! ,,sev5ty-,,fif?4 ,a woman dur+ h] illness is n to look at ! fire1 to sit 9 wat]1 behold ! sun1 or hold conv]sation ) a man4 ,two wom51 dur+ _! illness1 are n to sleep 9 ! same b$1 or look up to heav54 ,wom5 9 ?is /ate are to dr9k out ( lead5 vessels1 & n to lay _! 7b>e7 h&s on bread4 ,! dr9k+-vessel is to be half-fill$ ) wat]1 & n fill$ up to ! brim4 ,!y are to fold _! h& 9 ! sleeve ( _! mantle & !n lay hold ( ! vessel3 !y mu/ n sit 9 ! sun4 ,on ! bir? ( a *ild1 ! infant is to und]go ablution along ) ! "m4 ,,gate ,,! ,,sev5ty-,,six?4 ,a fire is n to be light$ 9 a situation expos$ to ! sun's rays3 also place n ov] ! fire any ?+ ?r\gh ! int]/ices ( :i* ! sun may %9e4 ,b be=e ! "t ( ,mah ,abd x 0 held praisewor?y to light a fire 9 face ( ! great lum9>y = ! purpose ( mak+ fumigations4 ,,gate ,,! ,,sev5ty-,,sev5?4 ,!y %[ ! ,nisa or dead body to a dog1 at ! mom5t ! p]son gives up ! s\l3#ejf & aga9 :5 !y convey x to ! burial-place4 ,:5 remov+ ! body1 ! be>]s fa/5 _! h&s toge!r ) a cord1 s t x comes to all _! h&s & keeps !m close to ea* o!r2 !y be> ! body along 9 p]fect sil5ce2 & if ! deceas$ be a woman advanc$ 9 h] pregnancy1 !re are !n f\r be>]s in/ead ( two4 ,accord+ to ! precepts ( ,mah ,abd1 if ! woman be pregnant1 !y are to extract ! ftus & br+ x up3 ! same holds good respect+ all animals4 ,f9ally1 :5 ! pr(essors ( ! pure fai? h convey$ ! corpse to ! ,dad ,gah1 or 8place = deposit+ ! dead10 ! be>]s wa% !mselves & put on fre% g>m5ts4 ,,gate ,,! ,,sev5ty-,,eigh?4 ,x is necess>y to bew>e ( 7contact )7 ! wood5 frame on :i* ! dead body has be5 c>ri$ or wa%$2 also ( t on :i* any "o has be5 hung2 or "o t\*$ by a woman dur+ h] illness4 ,,gate ,,! ,,sev5ty-,,n9?4 ,if1 dur+ a malady1 ! physician prescribe ! eat+ ( any dead animal1 let ! pati5t comply )\t repugnance & p>take ( x4 ,,gate ,,! ,,eightie?4 ,a dead body is n to be committ$ to wat] or fire4#ejg ,,gate ,,! ,,eighty-,,fir/4 ,if any "o =ce a pr(essor ( ! pure fai? to p>take ( ! fle% ( a dead body1 or ev5 ?r[ x at him1 he mu/ p]=m ! ,b>a%nom & recite ! ,patet ,iran4 ,note3 t is1 he mu/ rep5t1 & implore p>don1 & ex]t himself 9 good works1 t he may escape go+ to hell4#ejh ,,gate ,,! ,,eighty-,,second4 ,if any animal p>take ( a dead body1 x cont9ues unclean dur+ a :ole ye>4#eji ,,gate ,,! ,,eighty-,,?ird4 ,no?+ %\ld be giv5 7to ! unwor?y7 unless ?r\gh dread ( ! oppressor3 t is1 if believ]s appreh5d n dang] f ! s9n]1 & d n ent]ta9 al>m at 8 p[] ( do+ !m injury1 !y are n to give him any ?+4 ,,gate ,,! ,,eighty-,,f\r?4 ,9 ! morn+1 on aris+ f sleep1 rub ?y h&s ) some?+1 !n ?rice wa% ?y face1 ?y arms f ! wri/ to ! elb[1 & ?y foot z f> z ! leg2 recit+ ! ,ave/a at ! same "t4 ,if ! believ] _c f9d wat]1 he is !n p]mitt$ to use du/4 ,,gate ,,! ,,eighty-,,fif?4 ,:5 ! husb&man introduces wat] = ! irrigation ( 8 own fields1 he c>efully obs]ves t !re be n a dead body 9 ! /ream4 ,,gate ,,! ,,eighty-,,six?4 ,a woman aft] p>turition mu/ dur+ =ty days bew>e ( us+ vessels ( wood or e>?1 & is n to cross ! ?re%old ( ! h\se4 ,%e is !n to wa% h] head3 dur+ all ?is "t h] husb& is n to approa* h]4 ,,gate ,,! ,,eighty-,,sev5?4 ,if a woman be deliv]$ ( a dead *ild previ\s to f\r mon?s' ge/ation1 z x is )\t a s\l1 x is n to be reg>d$ z a dead body2 b %\ld ?is occur aft] ! t]m ( f\r mon?s1 x is !n to be look$ on z a dead body1 & to be convey$ to burial ) ! usual c]emonies4 ,,gate ,,! ,,eighty-,,eigh?4 ,:5 a dea? occurs1 ! p ( ! h\se & ! relatives ( ! deceas$ are to ab/a9 f meat dur+ ?ree days4 ,,gate ,,! ,,eighty-,,n9?4 ,x is incumb5t on ! pr(essors ( ! true fai? to be lib]al1 g5]\s1 & munific5t2 = ,god ha? decl>$3 8,p>adise is ! abode ( ! lib]al40 ,,gate ,,! ,,n9etie?4 ,recit+ ! ,e%em ,vehu#eaj is att5d$ ) c\ntless m]its3 x is necess>y to d ?is at ! "t ( eat+ bread1 ( go+ to sleep1 at midnight1 on turn+ f "o side to ! o!r1 & at ! "t ( ris+ up 9 ! morn+4 ,,gate ,,! ,,n9ety-,,fir/4 ,y mu/ n put (f ! good "w ( to-day until ! morr[1 = ,god decl>$ ?us to ,z>du%t3 8,putt+ (f ! duties ( ?is day until ! foll[+1 br+s ) x cause ( regret4 ,o ,z>du%t6 no "o 9 ! _w is sup]ior to !e 9 my sight4 ,= ?y sake ,i h ev5 creat$ x2#eaa & pr9ces e>ne/ly desire to diffuse ! true fai? 9 ?y life-"t4 ,f ! age ( ,kaom>s to ?9e1 ?ree ?\s& ye>s h elaps$2#eab & f !e to ! resurrection is a p]iod ( ?ree ?\s& ye>s3 ?us ,i h creat$ !e 9 ! middle1 z t po9t is mo/ wor?y ( admiration4 ,moreov] ,i h r5d]$ ob$i5t to !e k+ ,gu%tasp1 ! wise/ & mo/ prud5t sov]eign ( ! age2 ^: em95ce arises f sci5ce & p]fect morals1 n m]ely f high bir? & l9eage4 ,i h also giv5 !e a volume su* z ! ,ave/a1 & 9 l mann] a p]spicu\s comm5t>y on x4 ,expect n t1 aft] ?\ ha/ pass$ away1 o!rs w p]=m good works = !e4 ,"k t ,gokha/ah or ,ahriman has expressly appo9t$ two demons1 nam$ ,t>d9ess & ,procra/9ation1 = putt+ (f ! p]=mance ( good works to a remote & future p]iod40 ,,gate ,,! ,,n9ety-,,second4 ,:atev] is pollut$ by a dead body mu/ be purifi$ by ,pvyb wat] accord+ to ?is rule3 gold once2 silv] twice2 t9 & copp] ?rice2 /eel f\r times2 /one six times2 e>!n & wood5 vessels mu/ be ?r[n away4 ,pvyb signifies to wa% ) c]ta9 =ms ( pray]4#eac ,,gate ,,! ,,n9ety-,,?ird4 ,%ew vigilant att5tion to ! fire ( ,ad> ,behrm1 & to 8 att5dant 7g5ii72 light up ! fire e night & ca/ p]fumes into x4 ,note3 ,v> 7,ad>7 ,behrm#ead is ! "n ( ! angel1 ! "l ( victory1 & ! be/[] ( triumph4#eae ,,gate ,,! ,,n9ety-,,f\r?4 ,! ,ghmb>s1 :i* are six 9 numb]1 mu/ be obs]v$1 because ! ,almighty creat$ ! _w 9 six p]iods or times1 ! comm5cem5t ( ea* p]iod hav+ a p>ticul> "n2 9 ord] to celebrate ea* ( :i* comm5cem5ts1 !y pass five days 9 fe/ivity & rejoic+4 ,accord+ to ! /atem5t 9 ! ,z&1 ! righte\s ,hormuzd creat$ ! :ole _w 9 ! space ( "o ye>4 ,! fir/ ,ghmb> is call$ ,mdyz>am1 z on ! day ,khr 7! #aa? ( ! mon?7 ,ardibehi%t1 ,god comm5c$ ! creation ( ! heav5s1 :i* 0 t]m9at$ 9 =ty-five days4 ,! second ,ghambr1 call$ ,midy%aham1 began on ! day ( ,khr1 9 ! old mon? ( ,tir1 9 sixty days f :i* ,god complet$ ! creation ( ! wat]s4 ,! ?ird ,ghambr1 ,piti%ahm1 comm5ces on ! day ( ,a%td 7! #bf?7 ( ! old ,%ahrivr1 9 sev5ty-five days f :i* ,god t]m9at$ ! creation ( ! e>?4 ,! f\r? ,ghambr1 call$ ,ayad sahrm1 beg9s on ! ,a%td ( ! old mon? ( ,mihr1 9 ?irty days f :i* ! creation ( all plants & trees 0 complet$4 ,! fif? ,gahamb>1 nam$ ,mdyrm1 beg9s on ! ,mih] ( ! old mon? ,ard 7,novemb]72 ,god creat$ f ?is day1 9 eighty days1 all ! animals4 ,! six? ,gahamb>1 ,ham%pata mihdim1#eaf beg9n+ on ! day ( ,ahnavad1 ! fir/ ( ! five int]cal>y or surreptiti\s days1 reckon+ f :i* ! ,almighty t]m9at$ ! creation ( ! human race 9 sev5ty-five days4 ,tradition ?us ascribes to ,jem%id ! orig9 ( ! fe/ival ( ! ,ghambr4 ,9 ! ,sad-,dr we f9d x record$1 t ! demon "o day came to ,jem%id's palace1 & ! k+1 z usual1 s5t him to ! kit*5 to satisfy 8 hung]4 ,! demon hav+ dev\r$ all t 0 !re1 & also swall[$ up :atev] !y br\ght him beside1 0 /ill unsatisfi$4 ,on behold+ ?is1 ,jem%id cri$ out to ! ,"l1 & ! mo/ righte\s ,god s5t ! angel ,behrm 7or ,jabrael7 to say ?us to ! k+3 8,slaught] ! r$ ox1 on :i* p\r v9eg>1 rue1 & g>lic2 take x :5 boil$ out ( ! cauldron1 & s]ve x up to ! demon40 ,:5 !y _h done ?us1 ! demon hav+ ta/$ "o morsel ( x1 fl$ & disappe>$1 f :i* day !y in/itut$ ! fe/ival ( ! ,ghambr4 ,! ,abdiyn say1 ) respect to ! creation1 t ! actions ( ,god are n circumscrib$ by "t4 ,x mu/ h[ev] be ackn[l$g$ t ,jem%id fir/ e/abli%$ ?is fe/ival4 ,9 ! fir/ ,ghambr1 ,jem%id1 by ! comm& ( ! ,almighty1 began to depict on ! ceil+ ( 8 palace ! repres5tation ( ! heav5s1 :i* und]tak+ 0 f9i%$ 9 =ty-five days4 ,secondly1 on ! ,khr ( ,tr he 0 comm&$ by ! ,"l to introduce wat] into 8 palace1 g>d5s1 city1 & cultivat$ gr\nds1 :i* "w 0 complet$ 9 ! c\rse ( sixty days4 ,?irdly1 on ! ,a%td ( ,%ahrivr1 by ord] ( ! ,almighty 7^: "n be glorifi$67 he cle>$ ! surface ( ! gr\nds & palace1 & embelli%$ !m exce$+ly2 he levell$ ! place ( ex]cise 9 front ( 8 palace1 built h\ses1 & laid out 9 due ord] ! city & its /reets2 all :i* 0 complet$ 9 sev5ty-five days4 ,f\r?ly1 on ! ,a%td ( ,mihr1 he began to asc]ta9 ! prop]ties ( all vegetable productions1 & complet$ ! embelli%m5t ( 8 g>d51 & t]m9at$ ! entire 9 ?irty days4 ,he next1 on ! day ( ,mihr 9 ! mon? ( ,d1 collect$ all species ( animals 9 8 g>d5 & assign$ _! suitable employm5ts to ea*3 to ! ox & ! ass to c>ry burd5s2 to ! horse to s]ve = rid+1 & s =?2 :i* arrangem5ts 7 complet$ 9 sev5ty days4 ,la/ly1 on ! day ( ,ahnavad1 he summon$ mank9d to appe> 9 8 pres5ce1 & assign$ !m _! respective occupations2 ! details ( :i* 7 f9i%$ 9 ! c\rse ( sev5ty days4 ,he !n proclaim$3 8,! ,"l has creat$ all ^! ?+s ?r\gh me20 & comm&$ five days to be set ap>t = rejoic+ at ! beg9n+ ( ea* ,ghambr4 ,z to ! tradition ( ! demon's appe>+ & eat+ up :atev] he f\nd1 x is ?us expla9$3 by ! demon is meant1 ! deprav$ s5sual appetite1 :i* loves to eat1 sleep1 %$ blood1 & su* l1 & is nev] satiat$ ) su* pursuits2 b :5 ! spiritual ,jem%id pray$ to ! ,"l1 ! ,jabriel ( intellect came ) ?is div9e communication3 8,slay ! s5sual appetite 7:i* is typifi$ by ! ox71 t is1 indulge x n 9 ! excesses x dem&s2 next apply to ! cauldron ( ! body ! v9eg> ( ab/95ce1 ! g>lic ( reflection1 & ! rue ( sil5ce2 !n s]ve up a portion ( ?is food to ! ,satan-l prop5sities1 t ! demon may flee away40 ,on do+ ?is1 he 0 deliv]$ f ! pres5ce ( ! evil "o4 ,su* 0 ! enigma prop\nd$ to ! p by ,z>du%t respect+ ! ,ghambr1 & su* ! solution ( x z giv5 by ! ,abdin pr(essors1 :o h int]pret$ 9 a simil> mann] ! :ole ( ,z>du%t's disc\rses1 :i* 7 c\*$ "u ?is enigmatical =m4 ,,gate ,,! ,,n9ety-,,fif?4 ,:5 any "o does good to ano!r1 ! latt] %\ld n =get 8 b5efactor's goodness4 ,,gate ,,! ,,n9ety-,,six?4 ,! believ]s make ,nyyi% to ! sun ?ree times e day3 !y also p]=m ! same to ! moon & to fire4 ,,gate ,,! ,,n9ety-,,sev5?4 ,!y weep n aft] ! deceas$1 z ! te>s ?us %$ are collect$ & =m a b>ri] be=e ! bridge ( ,*9avad1 or 8( judgm5t10 & prev5t ! deceas$ f pass+3 b1 on read+ ! ,va/a & ,z5d1 !y c pass ov]4#eag ,,gate ,,! ,,n9ety-,,eigh?4 ,:oev] comes into ! pres5ce ( ! ,du/rs1 ,mob$s1 or ,kirbuds1 li/5s to :at !y say1 & rejects x n al?\gh pa9ful to him4 ,,gate ,,! ,,n9ety-,,n9?4 ,! pr(essor ( ! true religion ought to und]/& ?or\ghly ! *>act]s ( ! ,ave/a & ! ,z5d4 ,,gate ,,! ,,hundr$?4 ,! ,mob$s mu/ n in/ruct a /rang] 9 ! ,pehlevi language2 = ! ,"l comm&$ ,z>du%t1 say+3 8,tea* ?is sci5ce to ?y *ildr540 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,,enum]ation ,,( ,,"s ,,advantages ,,:i* ,,arise ,,f ,,! ,,enigmatical ,,=ms ,,( ,,! ,,precepts ,,( ,,z>du%t',s ,,foll[]s4,! sub/ance ( ! v5]able ,z>du%t's precepts is conta9$ 9 enigmas & p>ables1 because ) ! mass ( society1 fabul\s n>rations1 ?\gh revolt+ to reason1 excite /rong] impressions4 ,9 ! next place1 if x 7 propos$ to communicate to an ignorant p]son ! idea ( ! exi/5ce ( ! necess>ily exi/+ ,god1 indep5d5t ( cause1 he c\ld n und]/& ! proposition2 & if we speak to him conc]n+ ! uncomp\nd$ness ( intellig5ces1 ! immat]iality ( s\ls1 ! excell5ce ( ! sph]e & />s1 he becomes ov]:elm$ 9 p]plexity & amazem5t2 be+ utt]ly unable to compreh5d spiritual delights or tortures1 or discov] ! exact tru?2 :il/ ! precepts en=c$ by ! figurative expressions ( ! law come )9 ! und]/&+ ( high & l[1 s t !y are pr(it$ !reby1 & ! explanation ( ! law is att5d$ ) a good reputation bo? 9 ?is _w & ! next4 ,! select few und\bt$ly compreh5d ! nature ( c]ta9ty1 religi\s ab/raction1 & philosophy1 al?\gh ! vulg>1 9 g5]al1 hold ^! 9 abhorr5ce3 x !re=e becomes necess>y to clo! ! maxims ( philosophy 9 ! ve/m5ts ( law1 9 ord] t all classes ( society may d]ive _! appropriate advantages f t s\rce3 ^! obs]vations be+ premis$1 x is to be rem>k$1 t "s ,yazdanian pr(essors express !mselves aft] ?is mann]3,! book ( ! ,z5d is ( two k9ds2 ! "o p]spicu\s & )\t enigmatical =ms ( spee*1 :i* !y call ! ,mah ,z&1 or 8,great ,z&20 ! second1 ab\nd+ 9 enigmatical & figurative =ms ( spee*1 is call$ ! ,kah ,z&1 or 8,little ,z&40 ,! ,mah ,z& conta9$ ! precepts ( ! law promulgat$ by ! v5]able ,mhbd1 su* z ! volume ( ,az> ,sassn1 & ! ,mah ,z& 0 lo/ dur+ ! dom9ation ( /rang]s1 p>ticul>ly ! ,turks & ,greeks3 ! ,kah ,z& /ill rema9$1 b mu* ( x 0 also lo/ 9 o!r subsequ5t invasions4 ,,summ>y ,,( ,,! ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,! ,,mah ,,z5d4,x entitles ! supreme ,"l1 ,ah>muz1 & ackn[l$ges ! exi/5ce1 immat]iality1 & uncomp\nd$ness ( 8 ess5ce2 acc\nt+ ,bahmn ! ,great1 ! fir/-creat$ be+1 :o is also call$ ,f>v>dn ! ,great1 & look$ ^u & /yl$ pure & uncomp\nd$2 f him 0 d]iv$ ,ardibehe%t ! ,great1 along ) ! sublime s\l & body ( ! empyrean heav52 f ,ardibehe%t ! ,great proce$$ ,khurdd ! ,great2 f him ,tr ! ,great2 f him ,murdd ! ,great2 f him ,%ahrv> ! ,great2 f him ,mihr ! ,great2 f him ,abn ! ,great2 f him ,az> ! ,great2 & f him ,dai ! ,great2 ^! are ! lords ( ! heav5s1 & aft] ,f>v>d9 ! ,great1 are acc\nt$ z ! mon?s z well z ! heav5s collectively4 ,9 all o!r po9ts1 speculative & practical1 su* z ! protection ( h>mless creatures & ! de/ruction ( noxi\s animals1 x agrees ) ! ,dastir4 ,dur+ ! ,a%kanian dyna/y1 ! p con=m$ to ! ,kah ,z5d1 b z ,arde%ir 0 ob$i5t to ! second ,sasn1 he1 9 compliance ) ! ,dastir & ,mah ,z5d1 /udi\sly avoid$ ! de/ruction ( h>mless animals3 = ! ,mah ,z& is a portion ( ! ,dastir4 ,aft] him1 o!rs adopt$ ! ,kah ,z&4 ,b ,nu%irvan1 "u ! guidance ( ! contempor>y ,az> ,sasn1 al?\gh con=m+ to ! ,dastir & ,mah ,z&1 0 dur+ ! :ole ( 8 life innoc5t ( ! crime ( slay+ h>mless animals2 8 successors h[ev] foll[$ ! precepts ( ! ,kah ,z5d1 until ! fif? ,sasn1#eah hav+ utt]$ imprecations aga9/ ! p ( ,iran1 !y became ! victims ( privation & wret*$ness4 ,! pr(essors ( ! ,abadn fai? say t ,ahriman 0 produc$ by ,"t3 !y also say t ! angels & ! heav5s h exi/$1 exi/1 & w cont9ue to exi/4#eai ,moreov] ! belief ( ! ,az> ,h%5gns or ,yazdanns is1 t al?\gh ! fai? ( ,z>du%t prevail$ univ]sally f ! "t ( ,gu%tasp to t ( ,yezdejird1 yet t ! diff]5t int]v5+ pr9ces gloss$ x ov] & made x agree ) ! ,az> ,hu%5gn or ,mahabadn sy/em1 s z nev] to sanction ! de/ruction ( animal life2 & z !y held ! words ( ,z>du%t to be figurative1 !y nev] put !m 9 practice lit]ally :5 !y contradict$ ! ,az> ,hu%5gn fai?1 b inv>iably gloss$ !m ov]4 ,?is /atem5t proves t ,arde%ir ,babegan & ! o!r ,sasnn pr9ces %[$ great rev]5ce to ! ,az> ,sasnn family & paid !m implicit ob$i5ce1 z be+ truly ! m9i/]s & wor%ipp]s ( ! ,"l2 !y besides acc\nt$ !m z ! legitimate sov]eigns1 reg>d+ !mselves m]ely z _! lieut5ants3 9 %ort1 :5 ! ,az> ,sasnns ceas$ to reign1 !y ex]cis$ ! gov]nm5t 9 _! /ead4 ,h[ev] ! ,az> ,sasnns foll[$ no fai? except t ( ,mhbd1 receiv+ no o!r )\t ! requisite glosses1 & atta*+ no e/eem :atev] to ! ext]nal import ( ,z>du%t's precepts3 t is1 reg>d+ 8 words z true1 b hold+ _! ext]nal import z figurative4 ,! ,behd9ns also ma9ta9 t su* 0 ! sy/em adopt$ by ! k+s ( old1 p>ticul>ly by ,dr1 ,drb1 ,bahmn1 ,isf5dir1 & ,lohrsp4 ,! pres5t seems ! prop] "t = /at+ "s ( ! enigmatical say+s ascrib$ to ! ,magians or foll[]s ( ,z>du%t1 z philosophy is gu>d$ by su* expressions f fall+ into ! h&s ( ! ignorant1 :il/ ! sages !reby atta9 _! object4 ,x is well kn[n t accord+ to _! sy/em ! _w _h two creators1 ,yazdan 7! ,"l71 & ,ahriman3 b ! ,"l hav+ ent]ta9$ ?is evil ?\ght1 8,p]haps an antagoni/ may rise up to oppose me10 ,ahriman 0 produc$1 f t ?\ght4#ebj ,9 "s places x is m5tion$ t ,god 0 alone1 & gloom hav+ come ov] him1 he ent]ta9$ an evil suspicion1 on :i* ,ahriman 0 produc$4 ,!y say t ,ahriman1 :o 0 outside ! _w1 on look+ ?r\gh a small ap]ture1 & behold+ ! ,"l surr\nd$ ) glory & maje/y1 bore him envy & rais$ up wick$ness & corruption4 ,god !n creat$ ! angels to be 8 ho/1 & ) !m f\ght aga9/ ,ahriman2 b be+ unable to de/roy him1 !y made peace ) ea* o!r on ?is condition2 t ,ahriman %\ld rema9 9 ! _w dur+ a def9ite p]iod2 & on 8 dep>ture x %\ld become ! abode ( unalloy$ good4#eba ,jamsp1 ! v5]able sage1 says ?us3 8,x is to be rem>k$ t #8_w' is a metaphorical expression = body2 & #8,god1' = ! aspiration ( ! _s2 #8,ahriman1' = ! physical temp]am5t2 #8! evil ?\ght1' ! habitual bias ( ! s\l to mat]ial objects2 by #8! wick$ness & corruption ( ,ahriman1 & 8 w>1' are impli$ ! dom9ation ( ! s5sual passions ov] _s2 & :at !y said ( #8! t]re/rial _w1' means ! same2 by #8! creation ( angels1' ! exi/5ce ( praisewor?y qualities & p]sev]ance 9 pure morals1 ) ! subjugation ( ! s5ses by means ( religi\s au/]ities1 = ! s5ses con/itute ! gratuit\s foes ( ! he>t2 by #8peace1' is signifi$ ! impossibility ( expell+ by "o ef=t ! evil prop5sities :i* are ! armies ( ,iblis2 t is1 excess & extravagance are to be avoid$1 & ! pa? ( mod]ation foll[$2 ! circum/ance ( #8,ahriman's rema9+ 9 ! _w = a def9ite p]iod1' means ! asc5dancy & supremacy ( ! bodily passions1 p>ticul>ly 9 e>ly ye>s1 & be=e arriv+ at mature reflection1 & ev5 dur+ o!r p]iods ( ?is mortal life1 9 c]ta9 con/itutions2 #8! dep>ture ( ,ahriman f ! _w' implies volunt>y dea?1 or religi\s au/]ities1 or compulsory dea?1 :i* is ! natural decease2 :5 ! s\l has by su* means be5 emancipat$1 x f9ds itself adorn$ ) p]fections & atta9s to its p>ticul> sph]e or bliss )\t alloy40 ,!y h said3 8,d>kness besieg$ ,light & imprison$ x2 on :i* ev5t ! angels hav+ come to ! assi/ance ( ,light1 ,d>kness dem&$ help f ,ahriman1 its s\rce2 b ! angels hav+ ov]come ! pr9ce ( ,d>kness1 gave him a respite until ! appo9t$ h\r & ! pr$e/9$ dea?40 ,z to ,d>kness hav+ aris5 f ! evil ?\ght ( ,light1 ! v5]able sage ,jamasp says3 8,! int]pretation ( ?is tradition is ! same z t ( ! prec$+2 z ?us3 ,! s\l is a preci\s sub/ance1 =m$ f light2 its d>kness1 ! bodily passions2 its conf9em5t & imprisonm5t1 ! dom9ion ( ! passions ov] t lum9\s ess5ce1 :i* drag d[n ! s\ls ( ! wick$ to ! desolation ( ! l[] _w2 ! assi/ance ( angels1 is ! obta9+ ( grace & p[] ?r\gh elevation ( m9d1 proce$+ f illum9ation f on high1 & ! asc5t ( ! _s to ! _w ( intellect2 delay or respite implies ! cont9uance ( ! passions until ! p]iod ( natural dea?2 & ! corrupt ?\ght ! bias ( ! s\l to mat]ial objects40 ,dw> ,h>yr1 ! au?or ( ! ,dr ,sek&ur1 hav+ once que/ion$ ! au?or conc]n+ ! enigmatical mean+s atta*$ to ! words ,god & ,ahriman1 receiv$ ?is answ]3 8,light is ! same z exi/5ce1 & d>kness signifies non-exi/5ce2 ,god is !re=e light or exi/5ce1 & ,ahriman is d>kness or non-exi/5ce4 ,:5 x is said t ,ahriman is oppos$ to ,god1 ! mean+ is1 t ,god is exi/5ce1 ! opposite to :i* is non-exi/5ce40 ,!y say t ! creation & production ( diseases1 s]p5ts1 scorpions1 & su* l is an abom9able act1 orig9at+ ) ,ahriman1 :i* ,jamsp ?us expla9s3 8,x is evid5t t diseases1 su* z ignorance1 folly1 pride1 neglig5ce1 noxi\s creatures1 7su* z7 ang]1 lu/1 /rong passions1 concupisc5ce1 calumny1 envy1 malignity1 covet\sness1 trea*]y1 fraud1 & ! l1 arise n f _s1 b f ! elem5tal con/itution40 ,!y h also said3 8,an angel is ! ag5t ( good1 & ,ahriman ! ag5t ( evil2 & t ,god is exempt f bo? ^! acts2 :i* ! celebrat$ sage ,jamsp ?us expla9s3,by angel is impli$ _s & ! ag5t ( good2 :i*1 if x ov]come ! s5ses1 engages man 9 virtu\s words & acts1 :i* are /yl$ #8good4' ,ahriman1 or ,satan1 9 ?is place means ! desires inh]5t 9 ! con/itution ( ! s5ses1 :i*1 on obta9+ ! victory ov] _s1 attract x t[>ds ! pleasures ( s5se1 ?us mak+ x =get its orig9al abode2 :i* is d5om9at$ #8evil3' & z ! ,almighty has giv5 8 creatures free w1 nei!r are _! good or evil de$s to be imput$ to him40 ,?is say+3 ,t ! s\l ( him :o has done evil1 hav+ det]m9$ on flight ?r\gh fe> ( div9e wra?1 plunges d[nw>ds1 is ?us expla9$ by ! sage ,jamasp3 8,by #8s9n]' is und]/ood "o ^: ess5ce is defective2 by #8desc5t1' turn+ away f ! sup]ior to corporeal atta*m5ts2 by #8resolv+ on flight1' ! /rong desires ( passion1 ?r\gh ! sugge/ion ( body1 until ! entire dep>ture ( div9e grace40 ,?us f> ext5d ! illu/rations ( ! sage ,jamsp4 ,b t ! scope ( ,z>du%t is c\*$ "u allegories agrees ) ! decl>ation made by ! great ,bahman1 ! son ( ,isf5dir1 ! son ( k+ ,gu%tsp1 :o says3 8,z>du%t once said to me3 #8,my fa!r & "m deliv]$ me to nurses1 :o dwelt 9 a place f> remote f ! city ( my bir?2 ) ^! ,i rema9$ _m a long ye>1 until ,i q =got my fa!r1 "m1 & native t[n4 ,sudd5ly ?is ?\ght came ov] my m9d,:o are my p>5ts1 & :]e ! place ( my bir?8,i /ruggl$ h>d until ,i return$ nak$ & b>e ! way by :i* ,i _h come2 & hav+ ga9$ my h\se & beheld my fa!r & "m1 ,i return$ aga9 to ! place :]e my nurses dwelt4 ,z ! dress worn by ! p ( ?is c\ntry 0 on my p]son1 ,i %all !re=e rema9 "h until ?is dress is worn out1 & !n dep>t1 9 ord] t x may n be said,he 0 unable to p]=m 8 (fice & has run away1 leav+ our despis$ g>m5ts4'0 ,bahman1 ! son ( ,isf5dir1 ?us says3 8,all t ,z>du%t utt]$ 0 enigmatical3 ! #8city & native place' are ! angelic _w2 by #8fa!r1' is meant ! prim>y intellig5ce2 & by #8"m1' ! univ]sal s\l2 #8! nurses1' ?is l[] _w & junction ) body2 #8=gett+ ! orig9al abode1' atta*m5t to ! elem5ts ( body2 #8recall+ x to memory1' implies ! /ruggle t[>ds t direction2 #8! arriv+ !re1' means religi\s au/]ities2 #8! /ate ( nak$ness1' ! dive/+ "o's self ( bodily atta*m5ts2 #8! return+ back to ! nurses1' means resum+ ! body2 #8t x may n be said t he 0 al>m$ at ! p]=mance ( duty1 & ran (f1 leav+ 8 clo!s beh9d2 ,i %all n !re=e dep>t f h5ce1 until ^! clo!s be worn out2! p]=mance ( duty1' signifies ! amass+ ( ! capital ( k1 true fai?1 & good works2 by #8! clo!s be+ worn out1' is impli$ ! sep>ation ( ! bodily memb]s2 t is1 ,i w rema9 "h z long z ! body la/s1 & aft] its dissolution return to my native place40 ,pr9ce ,isf5dir1 ! son ( k+ ,gu%tsp1 also tells u3 8,z>du%t once said to me3 #8,a numb] ( p]sons once left _! native place = ! purpose ( acquir+ weal?1 t on _! return !y might pass _! "t 9 pleasure & enjoym5t4 ,on arriv+ at ! city ( _! de/9ation1 "s ( !m amass$ weal?2 "s devot$ !mselves to w&]+ ab\t ! place & contemplat+ ! beauties ) :i* x ab\nd$2 :il/ o!rs rema9$ altoge!r inactive4 ,:5 ! "t ( pack+ up came1 ! k+ ( t p said,dep>t f h5ce1 t ano!r set may arrive1 & obta9 _! portion1 z y h done4,on :i* all ^! p w5t out1 "s provid$ ) /ores = ! j\rney2 "s )\t any provision2 a few on horseback2 a multitude on foot2 a wide des]t lay be=e1 & a toilsome road1 ?r\gh rocks & prickly ?orns1 devoid ( cultivation1 de/itute ( wat] & %ade4 ,^? :o 7 on horseback & furni%$ ) provisions pass$ ov]1 & hav+ rea*$ _! native city1 gave !mselves up to joy & gladness2 ^? :o 7 on foot1 & _h provid$ /ores = ! j\rney1 aft] exp]i5c+ _m ups & d[ns1 at la/1 ) extreme difficulty1 rea*$ _! halt+ place1 :]e !y pass$ _! "t 9 a /ate ( happ9ess proportion$ to _! ga9s1 al?\gh1 on in/itut+ a comp>ison betwe5 !mselves & ^? inhabitants & dignifi$ p]sons :o _h acquir$ opul5ce by comm]cial pursuits1 !y feel pangs ( regret2 b ^? :o came out ( ! city )\t any k9d ( conveyance or /ores1 & ?9k+ t )\t supplies !y c\ld rea* _! native place1 :5 !y _h gone "s little di/ance1 became we>i$ & unable to proce$ ?r\gh weakness1 & fatigue f walk+1 want ( provisions1 ! difficulties ( ! road1 di/ress1 ! sun's ov]p[]+ heat1 & ! gloom ( night2 !y 7 =c$ by necessity to turn back to ! city1 :]e !y _h be52 b o!r m]*ants _h 9 ! meantime tak5 possession ( ! h\ses1 dwell+s1 %ops1 & ap>tm5ts :i* !y =m]ly occupi$3 !y 7 ?us r$uc$ to a /ate ( de/itution1 & _h no res\rce left b t ( work+ = hire or turn+ m5dicants1 pursuits :i* !y adopt$4'0 ,isf5di> says3 8#8,! city f :i* !y dep>t$ = ! purposes ( comm]ce' is ! angelic _w2 t to :i* !y came ) ! design ( accumulat+ weal?' is ! l[] _w2 #8! h\ses1 %ops1 etc41' signify ! human body2 #8! p ( ! city' are ! animals1 vegetables1 & m9]als2 #8! k+1' ! elem5tal nature2 #8:at ! m]*ants h amass$' are _! words & de$s2 #8:at o!rs h collect$' is devotion )\t k2 #8! inactive' are ^? ^: only 8pursuits 7 sleep1 s5sual gratification1 etc42 #8! exclamation ( ! k+' is ,dea?1 :o expels !m f ! mansions ( body2 #8! des]ts & m\nta9s1' ! extremes ( heat & cold2 #8! eque/rians' are ^? :o unite ! speculative & practical2 #8! p$e/rians1 :o 7 furni%$ ) "s provisions' are ^? :o adore ,god1 b nei!r knew !mselves nor ! ,"l2 #8!y :o are )\t provisions or conveyance' are ^? de/itute ( k & good works1 :o be+ unable to rea* ! angelic _w1 return 9 despair to ! elem5tal _w1 =feit+ ! rank !y once possess$40 ,! sage ,%ah ,nasir ,khusran says on ?is head3 8,:5 any "o travels ?is road = t important purpose1 ,he takes at lea/ a loaf ( bread "u 8 arm3 ,h[ !n can/ ?\1 :o ha/ no /ore1 proce$ up ! m\nt1 ,f ! c5tre ( d>kness to ! z5i? ( ,saturn80 ,9 "s o!r p>ables ( ,z>du%t1 :i* are "h notic$1 he speaks ?us3 8,:5 ! travell]s1 9 consequ5ce ( ! want ( /ores & fatigue ( walk+1 return back to ! k+'s city1 n f9d+ _! =m] beautiful mansions1 !y settle !mselves 9 cav]ns or lanes1 hir+ !mselves z lab\r]s or subsi/+ on alms40 ,esf5di> says3 8,by ?is is und]/ood1 t :5 !y quit ?is mortal frame1 !y _c rea* ! _w on high1 ow+ to _! want ( k & good works2 be+ ?us reject$1 on _! return to ! elem5tal _w1 !y _c obta9 human bodies1 b are inve/$ ) ! =ms ( ! brute creation40 ,z ?is p>able ne>ly resembles :at has be5 h]et(ore m5tion$1 x is unnecess>y to describe x m 9 detail4 8,:5 ?\ dep>te/ f ! inn ( ! body1 !re is no o!r /oreh\se2 ,:y do/ ?\ n !re=e procure supplies = ! road 9 ?is place ( soj\rn80 ,isf5di> also records3 8,z>du%t once said3 #8,two p]sons ( "o h\se 7 p>tn]s1 & 7 bo? possess$ ( great capital2 !y said3,we h ga9$ a suffici5t /ock ( weal? 9 ! _w1 & live & dress 9 a mann] suitable to our great ri*es2 we n[ only want "s belov$ object1 t our exi/5ce may be m blissful3 !re=e1 to atta9 our desire1 x w be necess>y to und]take a j\rney4 ,!y direct$ _! c\rse to a city1 ! inhabitants ( :i* 7 fam$ = beauty & gracefulness2 on arriv+ !re ) ! c>avan1 "o ( ! p>tn]s gave himself up to trav]s+ ! g>d5s1 & 0 s absorb$ 9 admir+ ! beauties ( ! city1 t he att5d$ to no bus9ess :atev]1 :il/ ! o!r p>tn] obta9$ a mi/ress ( exquisite beauty4 ,all ( a sudd5 ! g>d5-door 0 clos$4'0 ,isf5di> says 8,zd & ,amru#ebb may s]ve z an example ( ! two fri5ds2 #8! capital & /ock1' ! orig9al _w2 #8! city ( beaute\s p]sons1' ?is _w2 #8! desirable belov$ object1' good works2 #8! rapaci\s animals1 reptiles1 & bea/s' are ang]1 lu/1 excessive desire1 hatr$1 envy1 concupisc5ce1 malignity1 & av>ice2 #8! h]bage & g>d5s' are slo? & pride2 #8! g>d5-door1' ! dakhmah 7or sepul*ral vault72 #8! urn1' ! grave1 or ! place ( bury+ ! dead2 #8%utt+ ! g>d5-door' ! mom5t ( dea?40 ,8 reasons = enum]at+ ! urn1 dakhmah1 & grave are1 t accord+ to ! fai? ( ,azur ,h%ang1 or ,mhbd1 !y sometimes put ! body ( ! deceas$ into a j> ( aqua-=tis1 z among !m ! body is deposit$ indiff]5tly ei!r 9 ! dakhmah or ! j>3 b ! sepul*re is 9 use among ! p ( ,room1 & ! fun]al pile among ^? ( ,h9du/an4 ,k+ ,gu%tsp also relates ! foll[+ p>able ( ,z>du%t3 8,a c]ta9 man deliv]$ 8 son to a preceptor1 say+3 #8,)9 su* a "t tea* ?is boy ! accompli%m5ts necess>y = a c\rti]4' ,! boy1 h[ev]1 ?r\gh a fondness = pleasure1 sport1 & amusem5ts1 0 unwill+ to give himself any tr\ble1 & 0 sl[ 9 le>n+ any ?+2 he h[ev] e day secretly br\ght f home sweetmeats & agreeable objects1 z 8 tutor _h a great incl9ation = su* enjoym5ts4 ,:5 ! preceptor's "t _h pass$ 9 ?is mann]1 & 8 pupil _h become habituat$ to revell+1 s5sual pleasures1 & enjoym5ts1 ! tutor at la/ fell dang]\sly indispos$ ?r\gh ^! excesses1 & laid himself d[n on ! b$ ( dea?4 ,8 pupil well knew he _h no o!r place left1 & t he mu/ return to 8 p>5ts1 s t :5 8 ma/] fell sick1 he became s5sible ( 8 own /ate4 ,?r\gh dread ( 8 fa!r1 %ame ( 8 "m1 ! disgrace ( ignorance1 & a s5se ( contrition1 he w5t n ne> !m1 b p9$ 9 melan*oly & w&]$ ab\t 9 obscurity40 ,?is p>able has be5 ?us expla9$ by ,gu%tsp3 8#8,! preceptor' signifies ! five s5ses2 #8! son1' ! immortal _s2 #8! fa!r1' ! univ]sal intellig5ce2 #8! "m1' ! univ]sal s\l2 #8! sweetmeats & mi/resses1' worldly enjoym5ts2 #8! indisp5sable necessity ( ! immortal _s1' t x %\ld1 ?r\gh ! s5ses & ! common reflection :i* is _! in/ructor1 atta9 ! objects ( intellect & amass provisions = its return1 s t x may become ! associate ( ! only true k+4 ,if ?is purpose be n effect$1 x ( c\rse feels t]ror at ! dea? ( ! body4 ,:5 x has become ?us biass$ to s5sual pleasures & devoid ( all goodness1 on be+ sep>at$ f ! body1 al?\gh /ill possess$ ( suffici5t en]gy = m\nt+ on high1 yet ?r\gh %ame & confusion1 x feels no desire ( arriv+ !re & behold+ its p>5ts1 s\l & intellect40 ,! v5]able ,hryr once said to ! au?or3 8,i h se5 ! foll[+ n>rative 9 ! ,ramaza/n ( ,z>du%t3 #8,! prime m9i/] to ! sov]eign ( ! _w _h s _m sons1 t _! numb] surpass$ all computation2 ^! he fir/ s5t to a place ( education1 :]e1 along ) ! *ildr5 ( ,rayas 7cultivators71 !y might atta9 k4 ,if ! m9i/]'s sons became intellig5t1 ! ,du/r summon$ !m to 8 pres5ce1 & enroll$ !m among ! k+'s confid5tial s]vants2 b if !y rema9$ )\t sci5ce1 !y 7 n reg>d$ z ! ,vizir's sons1 b class$ among ! ,rayas2 7 n p]mitt$ to come into 8 pres5ce2 & 7 cut (f f all %>e 9 _! fa!r's inh]itance40 ,! au?or repli$3 8,x occurs to me t1 by #8! k+ ( ! _w1' is meant ! supreme ,god )\t equal2 by #8vizir1' ! prim>y intellig5ce2 & by #8! sons ( ! vizir1' ! s\ls end[$ ) reason2 by #8s*ool1' ! elem5tal _w1 & ! bodies =m$ ( ! elem5ts2 & by #8! *ildr5 ( ! common p' ! corporeal s5ses & passions40 ,:5 ! immortal spirits h acquir$ k 9 ?is place ( education1 _! fa!r1 8,univ]sal ,intellig5ce10 br+s !m ne> himself1 & advances !m to ! rank ( hold+ int]c\rse ) ! ,"l ( ,et]nity3 b ! s\ls :i* d n acquire k 9 ?is s*ool are n all[$ access to ! _w ( uncomp\nd$ be+s1 ! abode ( ! ,univ]sal ,intellig5ce1 & rema9 bani%$ f ! pres5ce ( ! ,creator ( ! _w2 s t !y make no advance f ! mat]ial bodies ( ?is abode ( ! elem5ts1 :i* hold ! rank ( ,rayas1 b are exclud$ f all %>e 9 ! inh]itance ( ! prim>y intellig5ce or ! acquisition ( k4 ,z>du%t has also said3 8,9 ! upp] regions !re exi/s a mighty ocean1 f ! vapors ( :i* a great mirage appe>s 9 ?is l[] _w3 s t no?+ save t illusion subsi/s "h2 exactly z no?+ besides t ocean exi/s 9 ! _w on high40 ,! rev]$ rul] ( ,hryr1 hav+ ask$ ! au?or ! mean+ ( ?is p>able1 receiv$ ?is answ]3 8#8,! mighty ocean' means ! absolute ess5ce & pure exi/5ce ( ,god2 #8! mirage' implies cont+5t exi/5ces1 :i* 9 tru? exi/ n1 b appe> to d s1 ?r\gh ! inh]5t prop]ty ( ,god's absolute exi/5ce2 accord+ to ?is view1 he has said3 #8,f ! vapors ( t ocean has aris5 ! mirage4'0 ,x is record$ 9 ! books compos$ by ,z>du%t's foll[]s1 & also 9 ! anci5t hi/ories ( ,iran1 t at ! p]iod ( ,arjsp's second invasion ( ,balkh1 k+ ,gu%tasp 0 p>tak+ ( ! hospitality ( ,zl1 9 ,si/an1 & ,isf5di> 0 a prison] 9 ,dazh ,gambadn2 & t ,lohorsp1 not)/&+ ! religi\s au/]ities he p]=m$ ?r\gh div9e favor1 laid aside ! robes ( mortality 9 battle1 aft] :i* ! ,turks took ! city4 ,a ,turk nam$ ,turb>atur1 or ,turb>aturha%1 hav+ ent]$ ,z>du%t's oratory1 ! prophet receiv$ m>tyrdom by 8 sword4 ,z>du%t1 h[ev]1 hav+ ?r[n at him ! ros>y 7,%um> ,af91 or ,yd ,afrz7 :i* he held 9 8 h&1 !re proce$$ f x su* effulg5t spl5dor1 t its fire fell on ,turburatur & consum$ him4#ebc #chb ,if ! claims to orig9ality & antiquity ( ! language 9 :i* ! ,destir is writt5 7 admitt$1 we %\ld h 7pp4 #adf1 #adg1 ,engl4 transl47 ,h]tu%d or ,h]tr%1 z ! fir/ & true "n ( ! ,p]sian prophet :o foll[$ imm$iately ,ki ,khusro4 ,9 ,z&1 ^u :i* language we are n[ bett] in=m$1 ! true "n ( ?is legislator ( ! ,p]sians is ,z]e?o%tr1 or ,z>a?u/ra1 :i* signifies 8/> ( gold20 ( ?is 0 =m$ 9 ! ,pehlevi language ! "n ( ,z>ate%t or ,z>ato%t1 & 9 ,f>si t ( ,z>d%t or ,z>adu%t4 ,! ,greeks h *ang$ ! orig9al ,z& "n1 ei!r by remov+ ! 8?0 9 ! middle ( x1 & ?us mak+ x ,z]eo%tr1 ,zoroa/rs2 or by omitt+ ! f9al syllable 8tro10 :5ce x became ,z>atos1 ,zabratos1 ,z>adas1 ,z>asds1 ,za?rau/s2 we f9d1 moreov]1 ,zoromasdrs1 ,azonaces1 & ,naz>ats4 ,! mo/ anci5t m5tion ( ! "n ( ,zoroa/rs1 9 ,greek books1 is to be f\nd 9 ! works ( ,plato1 & dates !re=e f ! f\r? c5tury be=e our era4 ,! orig9al ^w has be5 translat$ by 1 8he :o sacrifices to ! />s20 by 8he :o contemplates ! />s20 & by 8liv+ />40 ,^! int]pretations relate to ! "* ( a prie/ & ( an a/ronom]1 g5]ally attribut$ to ,zoroa/]1 :o is also believ$ to h be5 ! inv5tor ( magic2 ?is ^w 0 orig9ally tak5 9 a s5se v diff]5t f t :i* has be5 giv5 to x 9 lat] times1 & c be ref]r$ to ! "n ( ,magi1 or ,mob$s 7see note1 p4 #ag71 well kn[n to ,h]odotus 9 ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,^! ,magi are repres5t$ z ! tea*]s & prie/s ( a mo/ pure philosophy & religion1 ! orig9 ( :i* is plac$ by ! ,destir & ! ,dabi/n 9 ! mo/ remote & ante-hi/orical times ( ! ,mhbdins4 ,x may !re=e appe> less surpris+ to f9d 9 ,pl9y's ,natural ,hi/ory 7,i4 xxx4 c4 #a4 #b47 ,zoroa/] plac$1 pursuant to ! au?ority ( ,ari/otle & ,eudoxus1 #fjjj ye>s be=e ! dea? ( ,plato1 &1 con=mably to ,h]mippus1 #ejjj ye>s be=e ! ,trojan w>4 ,! la/ date is repeat$ by ,plut>* 7lib4 de ,is4 et ,osir474 ,diog5es ,la]tius says3 8,h]modoros1 a ,platonic philosoph]1 c\nts #ejjj ye>s f ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,magi to ! de/ruction ( ,troy40 ,accord+ to ,suidas1 a ,zoroa/] liv$ #ejj ye>s be=e ! ,trojan w>2 if ! numb] #ejj _h be5 errone\sly sub/itut$ = #ejjj1 :i* is admissible 7see ,m4 de ,=tia d',urban1 ,ma?matici5s illu/res1 p4 #ced71 we %\ld h ! agreem5t ( all ^! cr$itable au?ors j m5tion$1 f ! f\r? c5tury be=e1 to ! twelf? c5tury aft]1 our era1 9 fix+ ! age ( ,zoroa/] & ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,magi1 #fceb or #faid ye>s ,b4 ,c4 ,! epo*a ( ! ,magi 7putt+ aside t ( ! ,mhbdins7 has also be5 tak5 = t ( ,tahmuras & ,jem%id1 t is1 #cdfj or #cdbi ye>s ,b4 ,c4 ,accord+ to o!r acc\nts 7collect$ 9 ! ,hi/4 ,diction4 ( ,mor]i1 ,bayle1 etc41 etc471 a ,zoroa/] rul$ ! ,bactrian empire 9 ! times ( ,n9us1 ! ,assyrian k+1 #bbjj ye>s ,b4 ,c42 vanqui%$ by ! latt]1 he desir$ to be consum$ by ! fire ( heav51 & exhort$ ! ,assyrians to pres]ve 8 a%es z a palladium ( _! empire2 aft] he _h be5 kill$ by lightn+1 8 la/ w 0 execut$4 ,"s hi/orians 7see ,h]belot sub voce7 admit a ,z]d%t 9 ! age ( ,f]idn1 #agbi ye>s ,b4 ,c4 ,sev]al o!r le>n$ m5 concur 9 plac+ him mu* lat]1 few bel[ ! six? c5tury be=e our era4 ,9 ! utt] impossibility to decide ^u s _m conflict+ /atem5ts1 !re is p]haps no bett] means ( reconcil+ !m all1 ?an conclud+ t ,zoroa/] hav+1 9 ! c\rse ( ages1 become a g5]ic or appellative "n = sages1 prophets1 & k+s pr(ess+ & promot+ a c]ta9 religion or philosophy1 ?is "n c\ld be appli$ to sev]al individuals :o appe>$ at diff]5t times1 & 9 diff]5t c\ntries ( ,asia4 ,h5ce we expla9 9 ! v>i\s acc\nts a plurality ( ,zoroa/]s1 & an id5tity ( sev]al p]sonages ) "o ,zoroa/]2 he has inde$ be5 suppos$ to be ! same ) ,japhet1 ,ham 7,heemo71 ,zohak1 ,nimrod1 ,buddha1 ,abraham1 ,moses1 ,ezekiel1 ,balam1 etc41 etc4 ,:atev] x be1 ! ,dabi/n treats 9 ?is *apt] ( ! ,z>d%t1 :o appe>$ "u ! reign ( ,gu%tasp1 k+ ( ,p]sia1 ^u ^: epo*a too our *ronolog]s are n unanim\s4 ,indep5d5tly ( ! ,dastir1 writt5 orig9ally 9 a p>ticul> language1 ! ,p]sians h ,z& books :i* !y attribute to ! la/ ,zoroa/] himself4 ,except ^! works1 ! age ( :i* is a subject ( dispute1 !y h no writt5 records ( _! great legislator prior to ! n9? or t5? c5tury ( our era1 & ^! are ! poems ( ,dakiki & ,f]dusi4 ,! latt] n>rates1 9 8 ,%ah-nameh1 ! hi/ory ( ,z]d%t "u ! reign ( ,gu%tasp4 ,we h besides a ,%ah nameh nas]1 or a ,%ah-nameh 9 prose1 compos$ by "s "o ( ! ,magi 7,hyde1 p4 #cbd74 ,! ,z>du%t-nameh1 & ! ,*angragat*a-nameh are ,p]sian poems1 ! epo*a ( :i*1 accord+ to ,anquetil du ,p]ron 7,z5d-,ave/a1 t4 ,i4 pp4 #f1 c sc>cely be fix$ f>!r back ?an ! fifte5? c5tury4,a4 ,t4 #chc ,?is is also relat$ 9 ,mirkhond's ,runzat-u-,safa 7,%ea's transl41 p4 #bhf74;,a4 ,t4 #chd ,z>at%t-,bahram is ! au?or ( ! ,z>at%t-namah be=e-m5tion$ 7see ,hyde1 p4 #ccb74 ,! epo* ( ?is "w is unc]ta91 accord+ to ! op9ion ( ! do/rs ( ,india2 yet ! au?or ( x in=ms u1 9 ! #bnd *apt]1 t he has translat$ x into ,p]sian f ! ,pehlvi "u ! dictation ( a ,mob$ skill$ 9 ?is language2 & 9 ! la/ *apt] 9 :i* he names himself he says t he compos$ ! ,z>atu%t-namah 9 ! ye> #fdg ( ,yezdeg]d1 :i* answ]s to #abgf ( our era 7see ,z5d-,ave/a1 t4 ,i4 #b4 ,p4 p4 #f74;,a4 ,t4 #che ,accord+ to ,c$r5us1 an au?or ( ! elev5? c5tury1 ,zoroa/] desc5d$ f ,belus or ,nimrod3 ?is k+ is1 by "s au?ors1 id5tifi$ ) ,zohk1 :o m>ri$ two daught]s ( ,djem*id1 f :om also ,f>idun desc5d$2 on acc\nt ( ?is relation%ip1 ,zoroa/]'s orig9 may )\t contradiction be ref]r$ to ,belus & to ,f>idun4 ,9 ! ,destir1 ! "n ( 8 fa!r is ,h]esfetmd4 ,accord+ to ! au?ority ( ! book ,sad-d] 7see ,hyde1 p4 #caf71 ,patirsp1 ! gr&fa!r ( ,zoroa/]1 desc5d$ f ,hit*]asp1 :o sprung f ,t*e*%ne%1 & ?is f ,esp9taman1 or ,sad-yuman2 :o is !re=e ! ?ird ance/or ( ! prophet3 nev]!less ?is la/ is (t5 call$ simply ,esp9taman1 or also ,sapetman2 :i* ^w1 accord+ to ,anquetil du ,p]ron 7t4 ,i4 #b4 p4 #i71 signifies 8excell5t40,a4 ,t4 #chf ,! same dream is relat$ 9 ! ,z>du%t-namah 7c4 #c & #d71 z well z 9 ! "w ( ,h5ry ,"l 7p4 #dea71 quot$ by ,anquetil du ,p]ron 7,z5d-,ave/a1 t4 ,i4 #b4 ,p4 p4 #aa74;,a4 ,t4 #chg ,! tradition ( ?is appe>s to be widely spread1 n only 9 ! ,ea/ b also 9 ! ,we/1 z x is m5tion$ by ,pl9y 7,h4 ,n4 ,i4 vii4 c4 #af71 ) ! addition ( "o wond]ful p>ticul>1 namely1 t ,z>tu%t's bra9 palpitat$ s mu* z to repel ! h& laid ^u 8 head1 a presage ( future sci5ce4 ,sol9us 7c4 #a7 relates ! same fact4 ,zoroa/] is prov]bially kn[n z ! fir/ *ild :o laugh$ on be+ born4,a4 ,t4 #chh ,see note1 p4 #baa4 ,?is "n has also be5 suppos$ a m]e corruption ( 1 az] d/1 t is1 8a fri5d ( fire0 7see ,hyde1 :o rejects x1 p4 #cad74;,a4 ,t4 #chi ,! same circum/ances ( ! *ild's dang]s & miracul\s escapes are relat$ 9 ! ,z>du%t-namah 7c4 #g-aa71 & 9 ,*angrga?a-namah 7c4 #b74;,a4 ,t4 #cij ,9 ! ,z>du%t-nameh1 ! "n ( ! magician is ,turb]ator%4,a4 ,t4 #cia ,! edition ( ,calcutta reads g5]ally 1 zh&2 we %all keep ! m famili> "n1 1 z&4 ,we f9d also ,ave/a-z&1 & simply ,a/a & z&4 ,h]belot has int]pret$ ?is "n ( ,zoroa/]'s writ+s by 8! book ( life40 ,hyde ?\ght 7p4 #ccf7 t ,z& ,ave/a 0 prop]ly ,z& va ,e/a1 or ,z& u ,e/a1 & ,z&1 an ,arabic ^w signify+ 8igni>ium1 focile1 pixis ign>ia10 jo9$ to ! ,hebrew-,*aldaic ^w ,e%ta1 or ,e/a1 8ignis10 & expla9$ ! :ole "n by 8igni>ium0 & 8ignis10 or 8t9d] & fire40 ,accord+ to ,anquetil du ,p]ron 7,z5d-,ave/a1 t4 ,,ii4 p4 #dbc71 z& signifies 8liv+10 & ,ave/a1 8^w20 !re=e ,z&-,ave/a1 8! liv+ ^w20 :i* 0 anci5tly ! law ( ! c\ntries limit$ by ! ,euphrates1 ! ,oxus1 & ! ,indian ocean 7ibid41 t4 ,i4 p4 xiv74 ,?is law or religion is /ill pr(ess$ by ! desc5dants ( ! ,p]sians :o1 conqu]$ by ! ,muhamm$ans1 h n submitt$ to ! ,koran2 !y p>tly inhabit ,kirman1 & p>tly ! we/]n coa/ ( ,india1 to ! nor? & s\? ( ,surat4 ,x is besides n[ decid$ by ! inve/igations ( ! above-nam$ au?or1 & by ^? ( ,kleuk]1 ,rask1 z well z by ^? ( ,messrs4 ,eug5e ,burn\f1 ,bopp1 ,lass51 & o!r philolog]s1 t ,z& 0 an anci5t language d]iv$ f ! same s\rce z ! ,sanskrit2 x 0 spok5 be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! c\ntries situat$ to ! we/ ( ! ,caspian sea1 namely 9 ,georgia1 ,iran prop]1 & ,az]bijan 7! nor!rn ,m$ia74 ,moreov] ! ,pa-z& d5otes a dialect d]iv$ f ! ,z&1 or a mix$ ,z&1 simil> to ! ,rabb9ic language ( ! ,jews 7,z4-,av41 t4 ,,ii4 pp4 #fg1 #fh74 ,x is g5]ally kn[n t ,anquetil du ,p]ron br\ght1 9 ! ye> #agfb1 f ,surat 9 ,india1 & deposit$ 9 ! ,royal libr>y ( ,p>is1 sev]al ,z&1 ,pehlvi1 & ,p]sian works1 :i*1 accord+ to 8 op9ion1 7 p>tly ! orig9al works writt5 by ,zoroa/] himself1 p>tly translat$1 or at lea/ d]iv$ f orig9al works ( ! ,p]sian prophet4 ,^! writ+s1 namely ,! ,v5didad1 9 ,z& & ,pehlvi1 7 br\ght ab\t ! ye> #abgf1 by ! ,do/ur ,arde%ir1 f ,si/an to ,guz]at1 & !re communicat$ to ! ,p>sees1 :o made two copies ( !m2 f ^! come all ! ,v5didads1 ,z& & ,pehlvi1 ( ,guz]at4 ,^! works1 p>ts ( :i* only exi/$ 9 ,engl&1 7 !n = ! fir/ "t translat$ into an ,european language1 & publi%$ 9 ,fr5* by ,anquetil4 ,exam9$ z monum5ts ( an anci5t religion & lit]ature ( ! ,p]sians1 !y h be5 diff]5tly appreciat$ by le>n$ m51 & _! au!nticity d5i$ by "s1 among :om ! mo/ conspicu\s are sir ,william ,jones1 ,ri*>dson1 & ,me9]s1 & def5d$ by o!rs1 by none ) m zeal ?an ,john ,fr$]ic ,kleuk]1 :o n only translat$ ,anquetil's ,z&-,ave/a into ,g]man1 9 ?ree volumes1 b 9 an app5dix ( two volumes 7all 9 qu>to7 comm5t$ & discuss$ ) great judgm5t1 sagacity1 & erudition1 all t relates to ! ,z&-books attribut$ to ,zoroa/]4 ,"h foll[1 z %ortly z possible1 ! pr9cipal results ( 8 labori\s inve/igations3te/imonies ( ! exi/5ce ( works attribut$ to ,zoroa/] are f\nd 9 ,greek au?ors :o liv$ be=e our era4 ,x 0 9 ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 t ! ,p]sian religion & philosophy became kn[n 9 ,europe by ,ho/anes1 ! ,ar*imagus :o accompani$ ,x]xes 9 8 exp$ition aga9/ ,greece4 ,9 ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ,plato1 ,ari/otle1 & ,!opompus %[ a k ( ,zoroa/]'s works4 ,9 ! ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ,h]mippus treats expressly ( !m1 z conta9+ n less ?an #abj1jjj di/i*s4 ,soon aft] ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 works attribut$ to ,zoroa/] are m5tion$ "u diff]5t names by ,nicolaus ( ,damascus1 ,/rabo1 ,pausanius1 ,pl9y1 & ,dion ,*ryso/omus4 ,/4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 0 n unacqua9t$ ) !m4 ,lat]1 ! ,gno/ics made a great use ( ! ori5tal cosmogony & psy*ology z d]iv$ f ,zoroa/]4 ,! te/imony ( ,eusebius e/abli%es t1 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 !re exi/$ a collection ( sacr$ works respect+ ! !ology & religion ( ! ,p]sians4 ,x 0 mo/ly ! liturgical "p ( !m t 0 spread ab\t1 mix$ ) notions relative to ! magical art4 ,! empress ,eudokia ( ! fif?1 & ,suidas ( ! twelf?1 c5tury1 attribute to ,zoroa/] sev]al books1 f\r ( :i* treat ( nature1 "o ( preci\s /ones1 & five ( a/rology & progno/ics4 ,s mu* & m c be ga!r$ f ,greek & ,lat9 works ab\t ! writ+s ( ! ,p]sian legislator4 ,! records ( ! ,muhamm$ans conc]n+ !m beg9 only 9 ! n9? c5tury1 by ,muhamm$ ,abu ,jaf> ,ebn ,j]ir el ,tab>i 7,hyde1 #cag-cai71 accord+ to :om ,zoroa/] wrote 8 revelations ^u #ab1jjj c[-sk9s 7or p>*m5t folios74 ,abu ,muhamm$ ,mu/apha1 9 8 life ( ,gu%tasp1 says3 8,zoroa/] wrote ! j-m5tion$ "w 9 #ab tomes1 ea* ( :i* =m$ a bullock's load40 ,bo? au?ors say t ! ,p]sian k+ deposit$ ^! books1 magnific5tly ornam5t$1 9 ,i/akh>4 ,by sev]al o!r au?ors1 f ! n9? to ! sev5te5? c5tury1 x is positively e/abli%$ t ! books ( ! ,z&-,ave/a exi/$ 9 all ! c5turies 9 :i* ! ,muhamm$ans _h int]c\rse ) ! disciples ( ,z>tu%t4 ,works compos$ by ! latt] are3 ! ,bun-,dehe%1 ! ,viraf-nameh1 ! ,sad-d] ,bun-,dehe%1 ! ,ulemai-,islam1 ! ,ravacts 7t is1 ! correspond5ce betwe5 ! ,do/urs ( ,p]sia & ,india s9ce ! fifte5? c5tury71 ! ,z>atu%t nameh1 ! ,*angraga*ah namah1 & ! hi/ory ( ! flight ( ! ,p>sees to ,india4 ,9 all ^! works brea!s ! _s ( ! /ronge/ conviction t au!ntic works ( ,z>tu%t h1 al?\gh n entirely1 yet p>tly1 be5 pres]v$ to lat] days4 ,?is conviction is common to a num]\s nation1 :o adh]e to _! sacr$ books z to ! inappreciable inh]itance ( _! =efa!rs4 ,! g5]ality ( ?is s5tim5t is atte/$ by sev]al respectable & intellig5t ,european travell]s 9 ! ,ea/1 su* z ,h5ry ,"l1 ,gabriel de ,*9on1 ,j4 ,b4 ,tav]ni]1 ,d4 ,sanson1 ! *evali] ,*>d91 & o!rs4 ,! "n ( ,z&-,ave/a belongs1 among ! books publi%$ by ,anquetil1 exclusively to ^? ! orig9al ( :i* is truly ,z&2 ^! alone are canonical2 !y are five 9 numb]1 all !ological1 = ! mo/ "p liturgical1 namely3 #a4 ! ,ize*n1 8elevation ( ! s\l1 praise1 devotion20 call$ also ! little ,ave/a2 #b4 ! ,visp]$1 8! *iefs ( ! be+s !re nam$20 #c4 ! ,v5didad1 :i* is consid]$ z ! f\ndation ( ! law 7^! ?ree are call$ toge!r ! ,v5didad ,sad1 8to combat ,ahriman07 #d4 ! ,ye%ts ,sades1 or 8a collection ( compositions & ( fragm5ts1 m or less anci5t20 #e4 ! book ,siroz1 8?irty days10 conta9+ praises address$ to ! ,g5ius ( ea* day3 x is a sort ( liturgical cal5d>4 ,^! are ! ,z&-books exi/+ 9 our days2 ! orig9als ( !m are said by ! le>n$ ,f\*] to h be5 compos$ "u ! reign ( ,gu%tasp1 :om he places be=e ! "t assign$ to ,d>ius ,hy/aspes1 :il/ ,anquetil & o!r mod]n au?ors id5tify "u ^! names a k+ ( ,p]sia1 :o liv$ ab\t ! middle ( ! six? c5tury be=e our era4 ,we may reasonably believe t ! ,z&-books 7 writt5 at a "t :5 ! ,z& 0 a liv+1 nay ! dom9ant language1 9 ^? c\ntries :]e ^! books fir/ appe>$2 t is1 9 ,georgia1 9 ,iran1 & 9 ,az]bijan4 ,n[1 if x be admitt$ t ! ,z& 0 9 ^! c\ntries q a dead language already1 "u ! ,a%kanian dyna/y ( ,p]sia 7! ,arsacides71 ! fir/ ( :om1 ,aghu%1 began to reign #caj ye>s ,b4 ,c41 x w foll[1 t ! ,z&-books 7 writt5 long be=e t "t1 t is1 mo/ likely at lea/1 s e>ly s ! six? c5tury be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,besides ! orig9al ,z&-books1 ,anquetil translat$ also f ! mod]n ,p]sian ! ,bun-,dehe%4 ,?is is a collection ( treatises ^u sev]al po9ts1 rang$ "u #cd sectionsa sort ( encyclopdia1 !ological1 cosmological1 hi/orical1 & political4 ,?is "w is writt5 9 ,pehlvi1 & believ$ to be ! translation ( a ,z& orig9al no m to be f\nd 9 ,india4 ,x is ! mo/ anci5t ( ! mod]n works ( ! ,p>sees1 & 0 writt5 probably ab\t ! sev5? c5tury ( our era4 ,:at may confirm u 9 ! op9ion t ^! books1 /ill 9 ! h&s ( ! ,p>sees1 are truly d]iv$ f mu* m anci5t works is1 t _! cont5ts agree 9 a great numb] ( pr9cipal po9ts ) ! doctr9e attribut$ to ! ,magi & to ,zoroa/] by anci5t ,greek au?ors1 ( :om ! lat] ,p>sees _h c]ta9ly n ! lea/ k1 :il/ _! ,z&-books conta9 ! names ( ! fir/ & mo/ anci5t k+s ( ! ,m$es & ,p]sians1 & no o!r b ^?1 ( :om ! ,greeks knew no?+4 ,no k+ & no private p]son1 aft] ,gu%tasp & ,zoroa/]1 are m5tion$ 9 ! ,z&-books4 ,sixty ye>s _h elaps$ s9ce ! publication ( ! ,z&-,ave/a by ,anquetil1 :5 ,m4 ,eugne ,burn\f und]took a revision & comm5t>y ( t "p ( ! ,z&-works :i* ! fir/ _h translat$ & publi%$1 "u ! ,pehlvi "n ( ,ise%n1 & :i*1 9 ,z&1 is entitl$ ,yasna4 ,among ! manuscripts :i* ,anquetil _h br\ght f ,india 0 a ,sanskrit translation1 made t[>ds ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury by a ,do/ur call$ ,n]ios5gh1 probably f a ,pehlvi v]sion ( a ,z& orig9al4 ,m4 ,eugne ,burn\f1 to give a bett] int]pretation ( ! ,z& text1 n only avail$ himself ( ! d\ble translation1 execut$ by ,n]ios5gh & ,anquetil1 b also1 indep5d5tly ( bo?1 appli$ ! pr9ciples ( comp>ative philology to ! analysis ( _m ,z&-words1 ! true signification ( :i* he fix$1 & by v>i\s judici\s obs]vations1 int]sp]s$ 9 8 comm5t>y1 ?rew light ^u ! geography1 hi/ory1 & religion ( anci5t ,p]sia4 ,he publi%$ 9 #ahcc ! fir/ volume ( 8 "w1 "u ! title 8,comm5taire sur le ,yasna30 he _h be=e 7#ahbi7 publi%$ ! li?ograph$ ,z& text ( x 9 "o folio volume4 ,9 #ahcf appe>$1 at ,bombay1 a li?ograph$ edition ( ! same ,z& text40,a4 ,t4 #cib ,m9a1 sem5 virile4 #cic ,! qu>rel betwe5 ,z>tu%t & 8 fa!r1 & ! dea? ( ! head magician1 z well z :at prec$$^! facts are relat$ ne>ly 9 ! same mann] 9 ! ,z]d4 ,nam41 *4 #ab-ae4;,a4 ,t4 #cid ,anquetil du ,p]ron /ates t ?is expanse ( wat] 0 ! riv] ,araxes 7t4 #a4 #b4 ,p4 p4 #ai74 #cie ,! mon? ( ,febru>y1 ! la/ mon? ( ! ye>4,a4 ,t4 #cif ,anquetil du ,p]ron1 quot+ ! ,z]d4 ,nam41 c4 #ah1 says1 an army ( s]p5ts1 p]haps tribes ( ,ngas1 :i* came f ! ,nor?4,a4 ,t4 #cig ,m$iomah1 c\s9 to ,z>du%t1 ! fir/ :o embrac$ ! law2 he m$itat$ on x pr(\ndly1 publi%$ & practis$ x3 he conf]s happ9ess on cities4,d4 ,s4 #cih ,april1 ! second mon? ( ! ye>4,a4 ,t4 #cii ,dabati1 ! "n giv51 9 ,p>si works1 to ! ,caspian sea4,d4 ,s4 ,anquetil du ,p]on says 7t4 #a4 #b4 ,p4 p4 #ba7 t he pass$ ! ,cyrus on 8 way to ! ,caspian sea4,a4 ,t4 #djj ,anquetil du ,p]on says "h1 quot+ ,h4 ,"l1 t ,z>du%t retir$ to ! m\nta9s = consult+ ! ,supreme ,be+1 & adds 9 a note t1 accord+ to ! ,v5didad1 x 0 ^u ! m\nt ,alborz t he consult$ ,hormuzd 7t4 #a4 #b4 ,p4 p4 #bb74 ,! geographical situation ( ?is m\nta9 has be5 indicat$ 9 ! note at p4 #bb2 b by ! religion ( ! ,p>sees x is plac$ 9 ! sup]natural _w1 to :i* ,zoroa/] 0 transport$1 z relat$ above4 ,! sacr$ ,alborz is ! fir/ ( m\nta9s2 x atta9$ its fir/ elevation 9 fifte5 ye>s1 & took eight hundr$ ye>s to complete its gr[?2 x rose up f ! middle ( ! e>? to ! region ( ! fir/ light1 ! delightful abode ( ,mi?ra1 ( :om h]eaft]2 ! sun & ! moon dep>t f & return to ?is m\nta9 e day 7see ,z5d-,av41 t4 ,,ii4 pp4 #bjf1 #bjg1 #bad1 #ceg1 #cfa1 #cfd1 & else:]e74,a4 ,t4 #dja ,see note1 p4 #bae4 ,z>du%t is call$ ! son ( ,esp9taman4 ,! edition ( ,calcutta reads ,askiman2 ! manuscript ( ,oude1 ,askatamn4,a4 ,t4 #djb ,! ,am%sf&s are ! six fir/ cele/ial spirits aft] ,ormuzd4 ,_! "n is d]iv$ f ! ,z&-words eme%e1 8immortal10 & sep5te1 8excell5t1 p]fect40,a4 ,t4 #djc ,x is g5]ally ackn[l$g$ t ,ahriman 0 ! au?or ( evil1 oppos$ to ,ormuzd1 ! creator & promot] ( e good2 b diff]5t op9ions are ent]ta9$ ^u ! orig9 ( ^! two mighty be+s4 ,accord+ to ! mo/ anci5t doctr9e1 bo? 7 ! productions ( a primordial cause1 :i* is call$ ,z>uam ak>51 8! b\ndless "t40 ,! ,z&-books1 z well z ,%ahri/ani & ! ,ulemi ,islam1 make ,ahriman ant]ior to ,ormuzd1 t is to say1 9 pla9 language1 8! evil 0 be=e ! good40 ,^! two 71 h[ev]1 n di/+ui%$ f ea* o!r be=e ,ahriman _h become jeal\s ( ,ormuzd1 = :i* he 0 condemn$ by ! great creator ,"t to dwell 9 ! abode ( d>kness = twelve ?\s& ye>s4 ,x 0 !n only t ,ormuzd saw ) horror 8 de=m$ & frightful adv]s>y1 & to oppose ! effects ( 8 exi/5ce creat$1 )9 ?ree ?\s& ye>s1 a cele/ial region & a cele/ial p4 ,ahriman1 long "t ignorant ( :at 0 prep>+ aga9/ him1 _h sc>ce p]ceiv$ ! light ( ,ormuzd1 :5 he ran to de/roy x1 b1 amaz$ at its beauty1 fl$ back to hell1 :]e he ha/5$ to produce a ho/ ( evil be+s4 ,9 va9 did ,ormuzd (f] reconciliation to ,ahriman1 & ev5 a p>tn]%ip 9 ! prie/hood ( ! b\ndless "t2 ! fi5d reject$ all t]ms ( peace1 & w> began to rage betwe5 !m 7see ,z5d-,av41 t4 ,,ii4 pp4 #cde1 #cdg47 ,accord+ to ! books ( ! ,p>sees & ( ! ,muhamm$ans :o give an acc\nt ( _! doctr9e1 ,ahriman is bad by nature3 nor d ! m anci5t ,z&-books say t he ev] 0 good2 yet ! explanation giv5 ab\t ?is my/]i\s be+ c b involve contradictions 9 m ?an "o respect4 ,he alone is able to resi/ ,ormuzd1 ( :om 8 exi/5ce is entirely indep5d5t2 he is ! k+ ( ! be+s :i* he has creat$1 & :i* ,ormuzd _c annihilate2 nor c ! latt] prev5t ! effects ( ! p[] by :i* 8 enemy de/roys ! p ( ! j1 & bani%es ! moral good f ! e>?4 ,an acc\nt ( ,ahriman's orig91 some:at diff]5t f ?is1 w be se5 h]eaft] 9 ! ,dabi/n4,a4 ,t4 #djd ,^! s5tim5ts agree s+ul>ly ) ! foll[+ passage ( ,plato3 1 ' 1 ' 7,de ,republica74 8,! au?or ( good is ,god alone2 b ! au?or ( evil any ?+ else r ?an ,god40,a4 ,t4 #dje ,accord+ to ! ,z>du%t-nameh quot$ by ,anquetil 7t4 ,i4 #b4 ,p4 p4 #bd7 ,z>du%t deliv]$ f hell a p]son :o _h done good & evil4 ,?is p]son1 believe "s ,p>sees1 0 ,jam%id :o1 t[>ds ! end ( 8 life1 wi%$ to be ador$ z a ,god4 ,o!rs say x 0 ,g]%-asp1 a fam\s w>rior1 :o suff]$ 9 hell = hav+ /ruck ! sacr$ fire4,a4 ,t4 #djf ,ardibehe/ 7see pp4 #fa4 #fb47 presides ov] ! second mon? ( ! ye>1 & ! #c;d1 #h?1 #ae?1 & #bc;d day ( ! mon?2 he is pure1 b5efic5t1 end[$ by ,ormuzd ) great & holy eyes2 he grants heal?1 & eloqu5ce to m51 productions to ! e>?1 & gr&eur to ! _w2 he drives away ! ,dvs & all evils 7,z5d-,av41 ,,ii1 pp4 #fi4 #aec4 #aed4 #aei4 #caf4 & else:]e74,a4 ,t4 #djg ,zoroa/]1 accord+ to ! concurr+ acc\nt ( sev]al au?ors1 retir$ f ! _w & liv$ 9 a cav]n ( ! m\nta9 ,alborz1 or 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,balkhan4 ,accord+ to ! ,rauzat u ,sufa 7,%ea's transl41 p4 #bhf7 x 0 9 ! m\nta9s ne> ,ardebil1 a city ( ,az>bijan 7! anci5t ,m$ia74 ,?is cav]n is said to h be5 consecrat$ by him to ,mi?ra4 ,pl9y /ates 7,h4 ,n4 l4 xi4 c4 #db71 ! prophet liv$ #bj ye>s 9 des]ts1 ^u *eese s temp]$ t he %\ld n feel ! effects ( age4 ,?is 0 probably be=e he appe>$ at ! c\rt ( ,gu%tasp4,a4 ,t4 #djh ,?is miracle is n record$ 9 ,anquetil's life ( ,zoroa/]4,a4 ,t4 #dji ,n receiv+ imm$iate access to ! k+1 ! prophet split ! upp] "p ( ! ap>tm5t :]e ,gu%tasp 01 & desc5d$ ?r\gh ! op5+ 7,anquet41 ,vie de ,zoroa/re1 p4 #bi74 ,?is 0 9 ! ye> #edi ,b4 ,c4 7ibidem71 aft] ! #cj? ye> ( ,gu%tasp's reign 7,hyde1 p4 #cbc74;,a4 ,t4 #daj ,to ^! miracles add t relat$ 9 ! ,%ah nameh nas]1 quot$ by ,hyde 7p4 #cbd73 ,zoroa/] plant$ be=e ! k+'s palace a cypress-tree1 :i* 9 a few days grew to ! height & ?ickness ( t5 rasons 7measure undet]m9$71 & ^u ! top ( x he built a summ]-palace4,a4 ,t4 #daa ,all ^? p>ticul>s ab\t ,zoroa/]'s imprisonm5t1 & ab\t 8 release aft] ! cure effect$ by him ^u ! k+'s *>g] are1 ) little v>iation1 relat$ 9 ! ,%ah-nameh nas] 7see ,hyde1 #cbe1 #cbg71 & 9 ! ,z]du%t nmah 7,anq4 du ,p]on1 t4 ,i1 #b4 ,p4 p4 #cbe-cbg74;,a4 ,t4 #dab ,?is cure ( ,lohrasp is t\*$ ^u by ,anquetil 9 8 life ( ,zoroa/] 7p4 #ec71 b n t ( ,z]ir2 ,hyde m5tions nei!r2 b ! conv]sion ( k+ ,lohrasp & ( 8 relations is g5]ally admitt$4,a4 ,t4 #dac ,see p4 #adi4 note4 #dad ,see pp4 #fa4 #fb4 #bda4 note4 #dae ,see pp4 #fa4 #fb4 ,khordad is ! six? ,ams*sp&2 he presides ov] ! ?ird mon? ( ! ye> & ! six? day ( ! mon?2 he is a *ief ( ye>s1 mon?s1 days1 & ( "t 9 g5]al2 he grants & aids intellig5ce2 he causes pure wat] to run ?r\gh ! _w if man lives holily2 he is tak5 = wat] itself2 he gives :at is sweet to eat 7,z&-,ave/a1 ,i4 #b4 ,p4 pp4 #ha4 #ajc4 ,,ii4 pp4 #fi4 #ig4 #aec4 #aeg4 & else:]e74,a4 ,t4 #daf ,see pp4 #fa4 #fb4 ,! "n ( ! angel is simply ,az>4 #dag ,ya%t1 a ,z& ^w1 may be ref]r$ to ! ,sanskrit i%tva1 ! p>ticiple ( yaj1 8to v5]ate40 ,! ,d>un is an (fice celebrat$ p>ticul>ly = ! sake ( a k+1 or ( ! ,do/ur ( ,do/urs1 9 honor ( cele/ial be+s ( diff]5t names & classes 7,z5d-,av41 t4 ,,ii4 p4 #gc74 ,d>un is also a little cake 9 ! %ape ( a cr[n piece1 :i* ! prie/ (f]s to ! ,iz$-,dahman1 :o blesses ! creatures1 ! j man1 & hav+ receiv$ f ! h&s ( ! ,s]o% ! s\ls ( ! j1 conducts !m to heav5 7ibid41 t4 ,i4 #b4 pp4 #hf4 #agb74;,a4 ,t4 #dah ,bi%utan1 accord+ to "s au?ors 0 ! bro!r1 accord+ to ! ,%ah-nameh1 a confid5tial fri5d1 ( ,isf5di>4,a4 ,t4 #dai ,jamasp1 ! bro!r & m9i/] ( ,gu%tasp4,a4 ,t4 #dbj ,*apt4 ,,lxxviii4 v4 #ch4 #dba ,*apt4 ,,xxviii4 v4 #ef4 #dbb ,accord+ to ,abulf$a1 quot$ by ,hyde 7p4 #cae71 ,zoroa/] 0 born 9 or 1 9 ,armi or ,armia1 ! mo/ we/]n t[n ( ,az>bijan 7! ,m$ia ( ! ,greeks71 9 ! ,gordian m\nta9s1 :i* acc\nts = ! surname ( ,m$ian1 or ,p]sian1 or ,p]so-,m$ian1 :i* diff]5t au?ors h giv5 to him4 ,o!r hi/orians affirm t he came f ,pale/9a4,a4 ,t4 #dbc ,ra is ! mo/ nor!rn t[n ( ! prov9ce ,jebal1 or ,irak ,ajem1 ! c\ntry ( ! anci5t ,p>?ians4,a4 ,t4 #dbd ,anquetil says 7,z5d-,av41 #b ,p4 p4 xviii473 8,! ,bahman ,ye%t ,pehlvi1 r ! epitome ?an ! translation ( ! true ,bhmn ,z&1 may be call$ ! ,apocalypse ( ! ,p>sees4 ,x pres5ts1 9 ! =m ( a prophecy1 an abridg$ hi/ory ( ! empire & ( ! religion ( ! ,p]sians1 f ,gu%tasp to ! end ( ! _w40 ,t "p ( ! ,dabi/n :i* foll[s1 said to be transcrib$ f ! ,z& ,ave/a by a ,mob$1 may be presum$ to be tak5 f ! true ,bhmn ,ye%t ,z&2 /ill ^! prophecies are und\bt$ly compositions ( lat] times int]polat$ 9 ! orig9al works4,a4 ,t4 #dbe ,x is m5tion$ 9 ! ,situd gh] 7! #bnd ,nosk ( ! ,z5d-,ave/a7 t ,zoroa/]1 hav+ dem&$ immortality1 ,ormuzd %[$ him a tree ( f\r bran*es3 ! fir/ ( gold1 ?is indicat$ ! reign ( ,gu%tasp2 ! second ( silv]1 t ( ,arde%ir ,babegan2 ! ?ird ( brass1 t ( ,nu%irvan1 & ! tr\bles excit$ by ,mazdak2 ! f\r? ( iron mix$ ) o!r metals1 ! de/ruction ( ! ,p]sian empire4 ,accord+ to ! ,bhmn ,je%t ,z&1 ,ormuzd refus+ a second dem& ( immortality made by ,zoroa/]1 p\rs into 8 h&s a few drops ( wat]1 aft] ! dr9k+ ( :i* he is dur+ sev5 days & nights fill$ ) div9e intellig5ce1 & sees all t passes ^u ! sev5 ke*v>s1 or 8di/ricts ( ! e>?40 ,he sees a second tree1 hav+ sev5 bran*es ( metal1 :i* indicate sev5 epo*as & ! ev5ts belong+ to !m2 ! fir/ bran*1 :i* is ( gold1 designates ! reign ( ,gu%tasp4 ,zoroa/] !n no m desires immortality4 ,ormuzd ann\nces to him1 moreov]1 ! w> :i* ,arjasp w make ^u ,gu%tasp47,z5d-,av41 t4 ,i4 #b4 ,p4 note1 pp4 xviii4 xix7,a4 ,t4 #dbf ,! au?or ( ! ,bhmn ,ya%t 7ibid41 ,notices1 p4 xix7 describes 9 copi\s details ! woes :i* are to afflict ! _w1 dur+ ! influ5ce ( ! iron bran*31 he speaks ( ! m>* ( armies1 ( physical convulsions1 ( ! dim9i%$ productions ( nature1 ( ! conque/s made by ,arabs1 ,greeks1 ,turks1 ,*9ese1 & ,*ri/ians4 ,all ?is mis]y is to end on ! arrival ( k+ ,bhrm ,v>jav&1 :o is to re-e/abli% ! anci5t ,p]sian empire3 by ! successive mission ( ! ?ree sons ( ,zoroa/]1 :o are to conv]t ! _w & confirm _! div9e mission by work+ miracles4 ,sosio% is to re/ore purity to ! _w3 dur+ ?is prophet's mill5nium ! resurrection is to take place4,d4 ,s4 #dbg ,! ,nroz1 is ! fir/ day ( ! ye>1 a great fe/ival1 ! in/itution ( :i* is ascrib$ to ! e>lie/ times4 ,x la/s six days1 beg9n+ on ! day ( ,ormuzd ( ! mon? ,f>v>d9 7,m>*72 ?is is ! little ,nroz1 & x ends on ! day ( ,khordad 7an ,am%asf& :o presides ov] ! six? day ( ! mon?71 call$ ! great ,nroz4 ,x 0 on ?is day1 !y relate1 t ,ormuzd creat$ ! _w & :at x conta9s2 t ,kiom]s triumph$ ov] ,e%em1 ! demon ( envy1 wra?1 & viol5ce1 ! enemy ( ,s]%1 & ! mo/ p[]ful ( ! ,dvs2 t ,ma%ia & ,ma%in1 ! fir/ man & woman1 came =? f ! e>?1 & t sev]al great ev5ts ( ! anci5t hi/ory ( ! ,p]sians took place1 su* z ,gu%tasp's embrac+ ,zoroa/]'s fai?3 x is f9ally on t day t ! g5]al resurrection is to foll[ 7,z5d-,av41 t4 ,,ii4 p4 #egd47;,a4 ,t4 #dbh ,! mon? ( ,aban is ! mon? ( ,octob]1 & ! angel ( t "n1 :o is ! ,iz$ ( ! wat]1 presides ov] ! t5? day ( ! mon?4 ,baud is ! tw5ty-second day ( ! mon?4,a4 ,t4 #dbi ,?is li/ is incorrect2 x %\ld beg9 by /at+ t ! ,nosks are tw5ty-"o 9 numb]1 accord+ to ! numb] ( words 9 ! ,ya?a ahu viriob ! ignorance ( ! transcrib] has conv]t$ ! ?ree fir/ words ( a %ort pray] into ! ?ree fir/ ,nosks ( ! ,z5d-,ave/a4,d4 ,s4 ,accord+ to sev]al ,p>see doctors1 sev5 ( ^! ,nosks1 or r nskas1 treat$ ( ! fir/ pr9ciple1 ( ! orig9 ( be+s1 ( ! hi/ory ( ! human race1 etc42 sev5 treat$ ( morals & ( civil & religi\s duties2 & sev5 ( m$ic9e & a/ronomy4 ,! ,pehlvi books & "s ,p]sian works m5tion ?ree o!r ,nosks1 :i* are to complete ! ,ave/a at ! end ( ?is _w 7,z&-,av41 t4 ,i4 #a4 ,p4 p4 #dgi74 ,"h foll[s a li/ ( ! ,nosks accord+ to a translation made by ,anquetil f ! ,p]sian ,ravaet ( ,kamah ,b]* 7see ,mmoires de l',acad4 des ,inscript4 et des ,b4-,l41 t4 xxxviii4 p4 #bci-bed47 ,i h abridg$ ! explanation ( ea* ,nosk2 ! cont5ts ( sev]al ( !m are mu* alike1 & ! miscellane\s matt]s 9 !m all confus$ly /at$4 ,i4,! fir/ ,nosk1 call$ ,setud-ye%t1 8,nosk ( pray] or praise10 has #cc *apt]s4 ,,ii4,! second1 nam$ ,setud-gh]1 8,nosk ( pray] & praise10 has #bb *apt]s1 & treats ( ! purity ( actions1 ( collections = ! poor1 ( ! concord :i* is to subsi/ betwe5 relations4 ,,iii4,vehe/ ,mantsre1 8heav5ly ^w10 has #bb *apt]s4 ,x disc\rses on fai?1 on ! /rict obs]vation ( ! law1 & on ! prop5sities ( ! he>t4 ,m5tion is made ( ! qualities ( ,z>du%t1 & ( ! pure p & pure actions :i* h exi/$ be=e him4 ,,iv4,bagh1 8happ9ess1 light1 or g>d510 9 #ba *apt]s1 /ates ! sub/ance & ! true mean+ ( ! law1 ,god's comm&s ) respect to ob$i5ce1 fidelity1 ju/ice1 purity ( actions1 ! means ( gu>d+ aga9/ ,satan1 & ( go+ into ! o!r _w4 ,v4,dazdah ,hama/1 ! twelve ,hama/s1 t is1 8means or ?+s produc$ at ! same "t40 ,?is book1 9 #cb *apt]s1 speaks ( ! bad p ( ! upp] & ne!r _w1 ( ! nature ( all be+s1 ( ! :ole creation ( ,god1 ( ! resurrection1 ( ! bridge ,*9avad1 & ( ! fate aft] dea?4 ,,vi4,nad]1 8! excell5t1 ! r>e40 ,?is book ( #ce *apt]s is assign$ to a/ronomy1 to ! influ5ces ( ! />s ^u ! actions ( m52 x corresponds ) ! ,arabic "w ,buftal 7,bufa/l72 its ,p]sian "n is ,favame%ian 7,favamashan72 t is1 by means ( ?is sci5ce future ev5ts are kn[n4 ,,vii4,pajem means p]haps 8small animal1 or retribution40 ,?is book1 9 #bb *apt]s1 gives an acc\nt ( quadrup$s2 ( actions p]mitt$ or n2 :at animals may be kill$ or eat1 :at n2 :at may be kill$ = ! use ( ! ,gahanb>s1 t is1 ! six fe/ivals 9 ! ye> in/itut$ 9 commemoration ( ! fir/ creation ( ! _w 9 #cfe days2 & ab\t regulations relative to ^! fe/ivals1 to m]itori\s acts & gifts4 ,,viii4,rete%tai1 8! ,nosk ( w>riors or ( *iefs40 ,! subjects ( ?is book =m #ej *apt]s1 #ac ( :i* only h surviv$ ! "t ( ,alex&]2 !y are3 ! ord]s ( ! k+1 ! ob$i5ce ( ! subjects1 ! conduct ( ! judges1 ! f\ndation ( t[ns1 & ! v>i\s ?+s & animals creat$ by ,god4 ,,ix4,b]e%t1 8execution ( ord]s1 or supremacy40 ,?is book1 ( #fj *apt]s1 #ab ( :i* only rema9 aft] ,alex&]1 treats ( k+s & judges2 ( ! reciprocal relations ( ! gov]nors & ! gov]n$2 ( ! occupations prescrib$ to ! diff]5t classes & pr(essions ( m52 ( useful k2 ( ! vices ( m52 & su* l ?+s4 ,x4,kesesrob1 p]haps 8agreeable ^w40 ,?is book1 at fir/ ( #fj *apt]s1 ( #ae only aft] ,alex&]'s conque/1 disc\rses ^u ! s\l1 sci5ce1 intellect1 natural & acquir$2 ^u morality1 & ! consequ5ces ( its be+ obs]v$ or violat$4 ,,xi4,ve%tasp1 ,ve%ap1 once ( #fj1 b aft] ,alex&] ( #aj *apt]s only1 conta9s an eulogy ^u ! gov]nm5t ( ,ve%tasp 7,gu%tasp71 ^u 8 hav+ adopt$1 obs]v$1 & propagat$ ,z>du%t's laws4 ,,xii4,khe%t1 8brick1 or little lance1 or agriculture40 ,?is book1 9 #bb *apt]s1 discusses six subjects relative to religion1 policy1 morals1 cultivation1 political economy1 & adm9i/ration ( ju/ice4 ,9 ! fif? "p are /at$ ! f\r v5]able classes ( m51 :i* are ! k+s & *iefs1 ! w>riors1 ! cultivators1 & ! tradesm54 ,,xiii4,sef&1 8excell5t10 inculcates 9 #fj *apt]s ! obs]vation ( moral & religi\s duties1 & ! fai? 9 ! miracles ( ,z>du%t4 ,,xiv4,j]e%t1 8he does20 ?is book1 ( #bb *apt]s1 treats ( ! bir? & ! de/9ation ( man4 ,,xv4,baghanta/1 8! ,ye%t ( ! =tunate10 conta9s 9 #ag *apt]s ! praise ( ,god1 ( ! angels1 & ( ! man :o approa*es ,god & is ?ankful = ! b5efits :i* he receives f above4 ,,xvi4,ni>am means1 p]haps1 8,i d n seek my advantage40 ,?is book1 ( #ed *apt]s1 tea*es ! good employ ( "o's =tune1 & ! advantages ( a good behavi\r t[>ds ,god & m54 ,,xvii4,asp>am1 may signify 8! ties1 ! book by excell5ce1 ! dawn1 ! heav51 p]fect1 plant1 leaf40 ,x treats 9 #fd *apt]s ( ! ,n]5gs1 t is ( ! p[]s1 faculties 9 diff]5t acceptations2 "h ( ! p[]s ( good actions1 & ( liturgical c]emonies4 ,,xviii4,davas]uj$1 8he :o (f]s ! extreme exp$i5t1 or :o speaks ( x10 ( #fe *apt]s1 %[s ! k ( m5 & animals2 h[ ! latt] are to be tak5 c>e (2 h[ travell]s & captives are to be treat$4 ,,xix4,ask>am1 8,i discov]1 expla91 make kn[n1 tea* publicly10 9 #ec *apt]s1 expla9s ! obligation1 ! be/ e/abli%m5t & limitation ( laws & regulations4 ,,xx4,v5didad1 8giv5 = ! repulsion ( ! ,dvs10 ( #bb *apt]s1 =bids all sorts ( bad1 impure1 & viol5t actions4 ,,xxi4,hadokht1 8! p[]ful ,has10 t is1 8words ( phrases ( ! ,ave/a10 9 #cj *apt]s1 exhibits ! mann] ( always p]=m+ _m miracles1 pure works1 & admirable ?+s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,( all ^! ,nosks1 n "o1 except ! ,v5didad1 has be5 pres]v$ complete1 & ! names ( ?ree only1 namely1 ! ,setud-ye%t1 ! ,v5didad1 & ! ,hadokht1 are m5tion$ 9 ! diff]5t ,z&-books /ill extant4 ,?is %[s t1 at diff]5t times1 *anges 9 ! =ms ( ! writt5 liturgy h tak5 place1 & t ! names1 sup]scriptions1 & divisions ( ! writ+s h be5 arbitr>ily treat$ by diff]5t ,do/rs1 )\t any *ange 9 ! cont5ts4 ,! names ( ! ,nosks giv5 by ,hyde 7#cdc1 #cde71 p>tly f ! diction>y ,f>hang ,i*angiri1 p>tly f o!r s\rces n m5tion$1 are n correct nor rightly expla9$4 ,?ree additional ,nosks are to be br\ght into ! _w by ?ree po/hum\s sons ( ,zoroa/]4 ,see 9 a subsequ5t note _! miracul\s orig9 & actions4 ,! ,p]sian text ( ano!r ,notice ^u ! ,nosks1 some:at m complete ?an t publi%$ by ,anquetil 9 ,roman lett]s1 has be5 edit$ by ,messrs4 ,julius ,mohl & ,ol%aus51 ( ,kiel 7see ,fragm5s relatifs la ,religion de ,zoroa/re1 extraits des manuscrits p]sans de la ,biblio?que du ,roi1 #ahbi74;,a4 ,t4 #dcj 8,sank>a a*>ya10 ^u ^: age diff]5t op9ions are ent]ta9$4 #dca ,accord+ to ano!r tradition ,gu%tasp himself _h travell$ 9 ,india1 & _h be5 in/ruct$ by ! ,brahmans4 ,9 ! ,destir 7,engli% transl41 ,comm5t1 pp4 #ahe1 #ahf71 we read t1 :5 ,sek&] conqu]$ ,iran1 ,ssn1 ! son ( ,d>ab1 w5t to ,india1 :]e he practis$ ! wor%ip ( ,yezdan 9 a cav]n1 & :]e he di$4 ,he left a son nam$ ,jivnasp1 :o is kn[n z ! second ,ssn1 equal to 8 fa!r1 & :o took 8 abode 9 ,kabuli/an4 ,arde%ir 7! son ( ano!r ,ssn1 ( ! ,kayanin race1 a relative ( ! ,sa9t71 admoni%$ by a dream1 w5t to ,kabuli/an1 & by 8 entreaties prevail$ ^u ! second ,ssn to foll[ him to ,i/akh>1 :]e ,arde%ir erect$1 = ! habitation ( ! sa9t1 an imm5se mona/]y adorn$ ) figures ( ! />s1 & hav+ fire-temples on its diff]5t sides4 ,^! & o!r traditions af=d ! inf]5ce t1 9 e>ly times1 a religi\s int]c\rse _h tak5 place betwe5 ,india & ,p]sia4,a4 ,t4 #dcb ,9 ! ,destir 7,engli% translat41 p4 #abj7 ! ,greek philosoph] is call$ ,ttanu%4 ,we are at a loss ev5 to guess at ! ,greek to :om ^! names may be appli$4 ,we may h[ev] rememb] t ,/4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria places ,py?agoras ab\t ! #fbnd ,olympiad1 or ab\t #ebh ye>s ,b4 ,c41 & says t he 0 a zeal\s foll[] ( ,zoroa/]1 & _h consult$ ! ,magi4 ,jamblicus1 9 8 life ( ,py?agoras 7cap4 #d7 /ates1 t ?is philosoph] 0 tak5 prison] by ,cambyses & c>ri$ to ,babylon1 :]e1 9 8 int]c\rse ) ! ,magi1 he 0 in/ruct$ 9 _! modes ( wor%ip1 p]haps by ,zoroa/] himself1 if ,zabratus & ,naz>atus1 m5tion$ z 8 in/ructors by ,diog5es & ,alex&]1 c be id5tifi$ ) ! ,p]sian prophet4 ,n[1 ! long reign ( ,lohrasp 7( #abj ye>s7 is suppos$ by "s *ronolog]s to compreh5d ! reigns ( ,cambyses & ( ,sm]dis4 ,^u ?is unc]ta9 *ronological gr\nd1 ,py?agoras may be plac$ 9 ! times ( ,gu%tasp1 to :om1 z 0 be=e said1 ,f\*] ) o!rs assigns an epo*a m remote ?an t ( ,d>ius ,hy/aspes ( ! ,greeks4 ,x is kn[n t ,alex&]1 by ! conque/ ( ,p]sia1 accompli%$1 to a c]ta9 degree & = a c]ta9 "t1 8 glori\s project to connect ! ,ea/ ) ! ,we/2 an op5 int]c\rse took place betwe5 ! ,asiatics & ! ,greeks1 ^: language 0 widely spread 9 ,asia4 ,! ,mac$onian conqu]or is !re g5]ally believ$ to h be5 ! son ( ,d>ab 7,d>ius71 & ! bro!r ( ,bhmn ,isf5di>4 ,he receiv$1 says ! ,destir 7p4 #abc71 f ! h&s ( 8 ,p]sian sp\se ,p>i-dokht ,ro%5ak 7,p>ysatis ,roxana71 8! bright daught] ( ! fairy10 a book ( ,z>du%t address$ to him1 & =m+ a "p ( ! ,destir4 ,alex&] ord]$ ! ,p]sian books to be translat$ into ,greek1 call$ ! ,nurakhi language1 9 ! ,desatir1 9 :i* is also said 7p4 #abd73 8,h5ce ! sect ( ,int]nal ,illum9ation w arise among ! ,nurakhis1 z well z t ( ,reason40 ,to ?is passage ! ,comm5t>y subjo9s3 8,! sect ( ,g%taspians ( ,iran & ,yunn is a m$ium betwe5 ! ,illum9at$ & ! ,rationali/4 ,:5 ,sek&] came to ,iran1 he f\nd t ! ,g%taspians ( ,iran 7 ! bett] & wis]2 & he f\nd t !y _h su* p[] t1 :5 !y pleas$1 !y left ! body1 :i* !y treat$ z a g>m5t4 ,& besides !m he saw ano!r class ( m5 9 ,irn1 :o1 by means ( reason & m$itation 7nurnd7 discov]$ ! real nature ( ?+s z !y actually exi/2 & !re 0 no su* class ( m5 9 ,yunn4 ,hav+ collect$ all _! books1 he translat$ !m into ! ,yunni & ,rmi tongues4 ,he !n gave 8 prime m9i/] 7,do/ur7 & tea*] ! title ( ! *ief ,mobd & ,sage1 & made him ! head ( ! ,nirndis4 ,f ?is "t =w>d ! sect ( ,rationali/s prevail$ among ! ,yunanis & ,rmis40 ,alex&]'s prime m9i/] is suppos$ by ! ,asiatics to h be5 ,ari/otle2 we "k t ?is philosoph] _h an accurate k ( ,zoroa/]'s doctr9e4 ,al?\gh ! hi/ory1 religion1 & sci5ce ( ! ,asiatics h c]ta9ly n be5 neglect$ by ! inquisitive ,greeks1 ,alex&]'s companions1 among :om 0 ,calli/h5es1 a relation ( ,ari/otle1 yet we f9d 9 ! we/]n hi/ories no p>ticul> notice corroborat+ ! acc\nt j quot$ ( ! ,destir4 ,un=tunately we may be m positive ab\t ! de/ruction ( anci5t monum5tal works 9 ,p]sia by ! son ( ,philip2 x is = hav+ burnt ! ,nosks t he is said by ! ,p]sians to be burn+ 9 hell 7see ,anquetil1 vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #cch74;,a4 ,t4 #dcc 1 8,vyasa10 a sage ( t "n occurs 9 ! *apt] ^u ! ,h9dus & else:]e4 ,9 ! ,destir1 publi%$ at ,bombay1 !re is 8! book ( ,%et ! prophet ,zirt%t0 7,engl4 transl41 pp4 #aaf-ade71 9 :i* ! int]view betwe5 ,h]tu%d1 son ( ,h]e(etmad 7,zort%t71 ! ,ynan philosoph] & ! ,indian sages is relat$4 ,"h ends ! pr9cipal "p ( ! hi/orical acc\nt :i* ! ,dabi/n gives ( ,zoroa/]'s life4 ,i %all add1 accord+ to ,anquetil 7,z5d-,av41 t4 ,i4 #b4 ,p4 pp4 #fj-fb71 a summ>y acc\nt ( its pr9cipal ev5ts 9 *ronological ord]4 ,anquetil supposes ,zoroa/] born #ehi ye>s ,b4 ,c4 ,at ! age ( #cj ye>s he goes to ,irn1 ?r\gh :i* c\ntry he only passes4 ,he disappe>s !n to ! eyes ( ! ,p]sians dur+ t5 ye>s4 ,8 foll[]s say t he 0 transport$ be=e ! ?rone ( ,god4 ,x 0 9 ?is int]val ( "t t he t]m9at$ sev]al works :i* he _h p]haps already begun ^u m\nt ,alborz1 or 9 ,*alda4 ,! m\nta9s af=d$ him retirem5t4 ,! tw5ty ye>s :i* he is said to h pass$ 9 ! des]ts 71 probably1 f 8 tw5tie? to 8 =tie? ye>4 ,at ?is age he appe>$ be=e ,gu%tasp1 9 ,balkh1 & at ?is v "t ,hy/aspes1 fa!r ( ,d>ius1 may h reign$ 9 ,bactria4 ,zoroa/] p]=m$ miracles dur+ t5 ye>s3 ?is is ! p]iod ( 8 mission4 ,aft] 8 fir/ miracles1 8 reputation hav+ spread af>1 ,*angragh*ah came to meet him4 ,?is ,brahman treats him 9 8 lett] to ,gu%tasp z a "y man1 & well might an old man1 su* z ,*angragh*ah 01 h s call$ a man ( =ty ye>s4 ,x is also to ?is "t t ,anquetil ref]s :at is said ab\t ! cypress-tree :i* ,zoroa/] plant$ be=e ! ,ate%-gadah1 or ! fire-temple1 ( ,ki*m> 9 ,khorassan4 ,isf5dir 0 !n v "y1 because ab\t tw5ty-eight ye>s lat] 8 eld] son 0 n yet m>ri$2 & ,d>ius1 #edj ye>s ,b4 ,c41 might h be5 t5 ye>s old4 ,at ! age ( sixty-five ye>s1 ,zoroa/] deliv]$ 9 ,babylon lessons ( philosophy1 & c\nt$ ,py?agoras among 8 disciples2 ,cambyses1 accord+ to ! ,greeks1 fill$ !n ! ?rone ( ,p]sia4 ,?ree ye>s aft]w>ds1 ! legislator return$ f ,*alda = e/abli%+ ! wor%ip ( ! cypress1 :i* la/$ eight ye>s4 ,p]sia _h !n ackn[l$g$ ,d>ius1 ! son ( ,hy/aspes1 z k+4 ,aft] ^! eight ye>s1 ,zoroa/] advis$ ! w> aga9/ ,turan4 ,he 0 v old4 ,! ,%ahnamah calls him pr1 8old40 ,gu%tasp1 victori\s ov] ! ,turanins1 heaps e honor ^u him1 & he dies1 "s "t aft]1 at ! age ( sev5ty-sev5 ye>s1 9 ! int]val ( "t :i* elaps$ betwe5 ! exp$ition ( ,gu%tasp & ! invasion ( ! ,turanins4 ,bhmn1 ! elde/ son ( ,isf5di>1 0 able to c>ry arms1 & ,d>ius1 #eab ,b4 ,c41 might h be5 ?irty-eight ye>s old4 ,z to ! po/]ity ( ,zoroa/]he _h be5 successively m>ri$ to ?ree wives4 ,) ! fir/ he _h "o son & ?ree daught]s2 ) ! second two sons2 x is n c]ta9 :e!r he _h any (fspr+ ) 8 ?ird wife1 call$ ,h1 ! niece ( ,jamasp! ,z&-books h[ev] say1 t %e br\ght him ?ree sons1 :o are to appe> ab\t ! end ( ! _w4,a4 ,t4 ,accord+ to ,z& & ,p>see writ+s1 ! bir? & actions ( ^! sons w be equally miracul\s4 ,zoroa/]1 hav+ visit$ ,h ?ree times on h] go+ to ba!1 ! g]ms rema9$ 9 ! wat]4 ,! ,iz$s 7or g5ii7 ,n]ios5g & ,anahid 7 *>g$ ) _! cu/ody1 until ! p]iod :5 ?ree virg9s ba?+ 9 ! same wat]1 %\ld receive ^! g]ms 9 succession1 & br+ into ! _w ! ?ree sons ( ,zoroa/]4 ,! fir/ is nam$ ,o%$]bmi4 ,he is to appe> at ! comm5cem5t ( ! la/ mill5nium ( ! _w1 & to arre/ ! sun's c\rse dur+ t5 days & nights2 & z ,zoroa/] conv]t$ "o ( ! f\r portions ( ! human race1 he is to conv]t ! second to ! law1 & give !m ! #bbnd ,nosk4 ,! second po/hum\s son is ,o%$]mh4 ,he is to appe> f\r hundr$ ye>s aft] ,o%$]bmi1 & to arre/ ! sun's c\rse dur+ t5 days & nights2 he is also to br+ ! #bcrd ,nosk ( ! law1 & to conv]t ! ?ird portion ( ! human race4 ,! ?ird is nam$ ,sosio%4 ,he %all appe> at ! end ( ages1 arre/ ! sun's c\rse dur+ ?irty days & nights1 br+ ! #bd? ,nosk ( ! law1 & ! :ole _w is to embrace ! fai? ( ,zoroa/]3 aft] ?is comes on ! resurrection47,z5d4-,av41 t4 ,i4 #b4 ,p4 pp4 #de1 #df74;,d4 ,s4 #dcd ,9 ! ,destir 7,engli% transl4 p4 #abf7 he is call$ ,biras4,a4 ,t4 #dce ,ardai ,virf or ,arda ,virf or ,virasp1 also simply call$ ,viraf or ,virasp1 01 ab\t ! ye> #bjj ( our era1 "o ( ! mo/ zeal\s foll[]s & def5d]s ( ,zoroa/]'s religion1 :i*1 "u ,alex&] ! ,great & ! o!r k+s ( ,p]sia1 _h lo/ its fir/ au?ority 7see ,hyde1 pp4 #bgh1 #bgi74 ,arda ,viraf is m5tion$ 9 "o ( ! ,ye%ts ,sades1 or pray]s call$ ,dup ,nr5g1 :i* are recit$ :5 p]fumes are ?r[n into ! fire 7,z5d-,av41 t4 ,,ii1 p4 #ec74;,a4 ,t4 #dcf ,9 ! ,%ah nameh ,nas] x is /at$1 9 ! life ( ,arda%ir ,babegan 7see ,hyde1 p4 #bhj7 t ?is k+1 aboli%+ sev]al regulations ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 grant$ tol]ation to foll[]s ( ! fai? pr(ess$ by ,gu%tasp1 & wi%+ to re-e/abli% ,zoroa/]'s religion1 dem&$ f its ,mob$s miracles1 :i* !y p]=m$4 ,! k+1 satisfi$ by ^! pro(s1 n only adopt$ _! t5ets himself1 b oblig$ all o!rs to d ! same4 ,9 ! life ( ,%apur x is said1 9 ! book quot$1 t1 :5 ,arda%ir 0 inaugurat$ 9 ! gov]nm5t1 he dem&$ f ! *iefs ( ! ,magi miracles1 aft] ! p]=mance ( :i* ,ardai ,virf1 dur+ a :ole week1 support+ by argum5ts ! tru? ( 8 religion1 br\ght also =w>d all t relates to hell & heav54 ,"s believ$2 o!rs d\bt$ or d5i$3 ! numb] ( ! la/ 0 #hj1jjj4;,a4 ,t4 #dcg ,! ,revelations ( ,ardi ,viraf are said to h be5 orig9ally writt5 9 ,z&4 ,!re exi/s a ,viraf nameh 9 ,pehlvi1 probably ( ! f\r? c5tury ( our era2 works ( ?is "n are f\nd 9 mod]n ,p]sian 9 prose & 9 v]se4 ,anquetil m5tions a ,viraf nameh 9 v]se1 compos$ ,a4 ,d4 #aecb1 by ,ks1 ,h]b$ ( ,nus>i1 & ano!r by ,z>du%t1 son ( ,bhrm 7,z5d-,av41 t4 ,i4 #b4 ,p4 n4 pp4 ix4 x4 xxx4 xxxii74 ,translations ( ?is "w h also be5 made into ,sanskrit & ! ,h9du language ( ,guz]at4 ,an ,engli% translation ( ! ,ardai-,viraf ,nameh1 by ,t4 ,a4 ,pope1 appe>$ 9 #ahaf4 ,! translator says 9 8 preface 7p4 xiii73 t ! ,revelations ( ,ardai ,viraf appe> to be ! same "w t is m5tion$ by ,ri*>dson z ! "w ( ,arde%ir ,babegan1 :i* hav+ be5 improv$ by ,nu%irvan ! ,j1 9 ! six? c5tury1 0 s5t by him to all ! gov]nors ( prov9ces1 z ! inv>iable rule ( _! conduct4 ,pope exam9$ = 8 "w ?ree v]sions 9 ! mod]n ,p]sian3 ! fir/ 9 prose1 by ,nu%irvan ,k]mani2 ! second 9 v]se1 by ,z>du%t ,biram 7,bhrm72 ! ?ird 9 prose1 by ! same 7ibid41 p4 xiv74,a4 ,t4 #dch 1 rasan is a l9e> measure1 ! exact value ( :i* c\ld n be asc]ta9$4 ,accord+ to common belief ( ! ,muhamm$ans1 ?is bridge appe>s ( diff]5t %apes2 to ! good1 a /raight & pleasant road ( ?irty-sev5 fa?oms 9 bread?2 b to ! wick$ x is l ! edge ( a sword1 on :i* !y tott] & fall into ! abyss bel[4 ,accord+ to ! translation ( ,pope 7p4 #aa71 :5 ,ardai ,virf f\nd himself close to ! bridge1 x appe>$ to him to be a broad & good road4,a4 ,t4 #dci ,mihr ,iz$ is ! same z ,mi?ra4 ,he is ! mo/ active *ampion aga9/ ,ahriman & ! ho/ ( evil g5ii2 he has "o ?\s& e>s & t5 ?\s& eyes2 a club1 a b[1 arr[s1 & a gold5 poni>d 9 8 h&2 he trav]ses ! space betwe5 heav5 & e>?2 he gives light1 t is ! sun1 to ! e>?2 he directs ! c\rse ( wat]1 & blesses mank9d ) prog5y & ! fruits ( ! field3 ! e>? receives f him its w>riors & virtu\s k+s2 he wat*es ov] ! law1 & ma9ta9s ! h>mony ( ! _w4 ,aft] dea?1 he n only grants protection aga9/ ! attacks ( ! impure spirits1 b assigns heav5 to ! s\ls ( ! j4 ,x is !re t he appe>s 9 ! cele/ial assembly ( holy ,f]v]s surr\nd+ ! ?rone ( ,ormuzd 7see ,z5d-,av41 t4 ,,ii4 pp4 #bjd4 #bje4 #bbb4 #bbc4 #bef4 & 9 o!r places74 ,mi?ra is by "s au?ors id5tifi$ ) ,ormuzd himself1 & ) ! sun2 b x results f ,anquetil's inve/igations t1 9 ! religion ( ! ,p]sians1 he is di/9ct f bo? & subord9ate to ,ormuzd4 ,he occupies a mu* high] rank 9 ! religi\s sy/em ( ! ,*aldans & ! ,arabs1 :o fir/ v5]at$ ,mi?ra4 ,x is n[ e/abli%$ beyond any d\bt1 by a good numb] ( au!ntic monum5ts1 t 9 lat] times ! religion & wor%ip ( ,mi?ra has be5 greatly develop$ 9 dogmas1 symbols1 & a sy/em ( my/]ies relat+ to cosmology1 a/ronomy1 & physiology3 9 ! fir/ c5turies ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 ?is religion appe>s to h be5 spread1 n only ov] ,asia1 b also ov] a great "p ( ,europe4 ,?is subject has be5 v le>n$ly treat$ at great l5g? 9 mod]n works ( too great celebrity to require m5tion+ "h4,a4 ,t4 #ddj ,ra%n-ra/1 an ,iz$1 :o presides ov] ! #ah? day ( ! mon?2 he is ! ,iz$ ( righte\sness1 :i* he be/[s2 he sees e ?+ f af>1 de/roys ! ?ief & ! viol5t1 & takes c>e ( ! e>?2 x is he to :om ,ormuzd has giv5 a ?\s& =ces & t5 ?\s& eyes1 & :o weighs ! actions ( m5 ^u ! bridge :i* sep>ates ! e>? f heav547,z5d-,av41 t4 ,i4 #b4 ,p4 pp4 #hb4 #aca42 ,,ii4 pp4 #bah4 #bai4 #bbc74;,a4 ,t4 #dda ,9 ,pope's translation ( ! ,virf-nameh we f9d 7pp4 #ac-ae7 :at foll[s3 8,:5 ,s]% ,iz$ laid hold ( my arm1 we proce$$ to ! top ( ! bridge1 "o side ( :i* appe>$ 9 full spl5dor ( light & ! o!r 9 total d>kness1 :5 ,i he>d a /rong & extraord9>y noise :i*1 on look+ =w>ds1 ,i p]ceiv$ to come f a dog1 t 0 *a9$ ) a coll> & *a9 ( gold1 ne> ! light side ( ! bridge4,i ask$ ! angels3 #8,:y is ! dog "h8'to :i* ,s]% ,izad repli$3 #8,he makes ?is noise to fright5 ,ahriman1 & keeps wat* "h to prev5t 8 approa*2 8 "n is ,z]+ ,goa% 7,c]b]us87 & ! devils %ake at 8 voice2 & any s\l t has1 dur+ its resid5ce 9 ! l[] _w1 hurt or ill us$ or de/roy$ any ( ^! animals1 is prev5t$ by ,z]+ ,goa% f proce$+ any fur!r across ! bridge2 &1 ,ardai ,viraf1 :5 y return aga9 to ! _w1 z "o ( ! fir/ duties1 enjo9 ! tak+ c>e ( ^! animals40 ,accord+ to ! ,v5didad ,sad 7,z5d-,av41 t4 ,i4 #b4 ,p4 p4 #dah71 ! s\ls1 /rong & holy1 :o h done good works1 %all1 at _! passage ov] ! bridge ,*anivad1 be protect$ by ! dog ( ! h]ds4 ,on t acc\nt ! ,p]sian k+s _h 7see ,brissonii de ,reg4 ,p]s4 pr9cip4 libri tres1 l4 ,i4 p4 #aeg7 at _! table a p>ticul> meal prep>$ = ! dog4 ,! ,p>sees 9 our days h great reg>d = dogs4 ,imm5se numb]s ( ^! animals are f$ by ^? p1 ?\gh n admitt$ into _! h\ses4,a4 ,t4 #ddb ,pr9t$ copy reads 1 tir pyah4 #ddc ,! ,gt ,kh>d is call$ ! gift ( two rupees1 :i* a man is oblig$ to give once 9 8 life to a ,mob$ or a prie/1 9 ord] t he may p]=m1 dur+ five or eight days1 a religi\s c]emony = ! sake ( ! donor1 :o is purifi$ by x4 ,?is purification is sub/itut$ = ano!r m exp5sive rite1 call$ ! ,nuzd1 :i* a ,p>see is b\nd to p]=m :5 fifte5 ye>s old1 & :i*1 on ! "p ( ! ,neophyte1 requires a consid]able k ( religi\s doctr9e1 pray]s1 & c]emonies4 ,he :o dur+ 8 life has n made ,ye%t1 nor ! ,gt ,kh>d1 nor ! pres5t ( a dress to ! ,pure1 %all1 aft] ! resurrection1 appe> nak$ 7,z5d-,av41 t4 ,,ii4 pp4 #cd4 #eec4 #eed74;,a4 ,t4 #ddd ,! ,p>sees m5tion 9 _! books a v agreeable oil1 call$ ,m$ioz]em1 :i* is ! bev]age ( ! bless$ 9 heav51 & x is1 !y say1 f ! "n ( ?is oil t "o ( ! six ye>ly fe/ivals sacr$ to ! memory ( ! creation is call$ ,ghamb] ,m$ioz]em 7,z5d-,av41 t4 ,,ii4 p4 #cid4 note74,a4 ,t4 ,accord+ to ! ,ardai ,viraf ,nameh1 translat$ by ,pope1 ,lond41 #ahaf 7p4 #bb7 ,ardai receiv$ a loz5ge to eat1 :i* buri$ 9 oblivion all t _h pass$ 9 ! o!r _w1 & turn$ 8 ?\ghts to ,god alone4,d4 ,s4 #dde ,ardibehe/1 see p4 #bda1 note4 #ddf ,9 ! manuscript1 ,g>ji%man2 9 ! ,ardai ,virf ,nameh1 ,g]oosman4,d4 ,s4 #ddg ,we might almo/ imag9e ?is t5et z ! orig9 ( acc\nt+ ! ,grecian ,h]cules a ,god1 f ?is anci5t te/imony ( v5]ation = ! de/roy]s ( lions1 hydras1 etc4,d4 ,s4 #ddh ,! ,viraf-nameh1 a sort ( ,p]sian 8,div9a ,comm$ia10 conta9s1 9 ,pope's translation1 a description mu* m detail$ ?an "h1 & ev5 prolix1 ( ,viraf's j\rney 9 ! o!r _w4 ,we !re read ( sev5 heav5s1 namely3 ! ,hame/an1 ! ,sit>-payah1 ! ,mah-payah1 ! ,khordad-payah1 ! ,g]%man1 ! ,az> ,r%n1 & ! ,ana ,gurra ,ro%n4 ,9 ! la/ 7pp4 #ch-ci71 9 ! c5tre ( a build+1 on a ?rone 0 seat$ ,z>tu%t1 & by 8 side 7 /&+ 8 ?ree sons1 nam$ ,assad ,ava/]1 ,ozv> tr1 & ,khur%id *ehr2 att5d+ on ! prophet 7 ,jem%id & o!r k+s1 among :om 0 ,gu%tasp & "s sages1 n )\t ,*angrag*a1 ! conv]t$ ,brahman4 ,^! sev5 heav5s h be5 v +5i\sly ref]r$ by ,m4 ,felix ,laj>d 7see ,mmoire sur les deux bas-reliefs mi?riaques qui ont t dc\v]ts en ,transylvanie1 pp4 #di et seq47 to a passage :i* ,orig5es has pres]v$ to u1 f a treatise ( ,celsus aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians4 ,?is philosoph]1 speak+ ( c]ta9 my/]ies among ! ,p]sians1 m5tions sev5 doors1 :i* are ( lead1 t91 brass1 iron1 mix$ metal1 silv]1 & gold1 correspond+ 9 _! ord] to ! heav5ly bodies1 ,saturn1 ,v5us1 ,jupit]1 ,m]cury1 ,m>s1 ! moon1 & ! sun2 above ! la/ is an eigh? door1 mo/ likely ! heav5ly ,alborz1 8! region ( ! primordial light 7see note1 p4 #bcb740 ,we le>n f ! ,b\n-,dehe%1 ! ,z>d%t-nameh1 & o!r works1 t ! asc5sion ( ! s\ls 0 effect$ ?r\gh ! five planets :i*1 9 ! my/]i\s ladd] ( ,celsus1 are plac$ be=e ! moon & ! sun1 :o himself re/s ^u m\nt ,alborz4 ,m4 ,f4 ,laj>d makes use ) great sagacity ( ! passage ( ,celsus1 9 support ( 8 explanation ( ! mi?riacal monum5ts :i* are ! subjects ( 8 le>n$ ,memoir4,a4 ,t4 #ddi ,9 :i* food is giv5 to ! poor4,a4 ,t4 #dej ,bj1 or ,vj1 signifies 9 g5]al religi\s sil5ce1 or an in>ticulate murmur+ ( pray]s4 ,?is is practis$ be=e eat+1 & is to be foll[$ by an inviolable sil5ce dur+ ! repa/4 ,see ,hyde1 p4 #ceb1 & ,anquetil du ,p]on1 ,,ii4 p4 #eih4 #dea ,aban is ! ,iz$ ( wat]1 & presides ov] ! t5? day ( ! mon?4 ,anq4 du ,p]41 ,i4 #b4 ,p4 p4 #acb2 ,,ii4 #cah4 #cbh4;,a4 ,t4 #deb ,ka%ti is a girdle commonly ( wool or ( camel's hair1 consi/+ ( sev5ty-two ?reads1 to g at lea/ twice r\nd ! body1 say1 ab\t t5 feet 9 l5g?4 ,! bread? dep5ds ^u ! ?ickness ( ! ?reads4 ,x is ti$ ab\t ! sad]1 :i* is a sort ( :ite %irt1 worn imm$iately ^u ! sk91 ) %ort sleeves1 op5 above & commonly n pass+ ! hips4 ,?is girdle 0 worn by ! ,p>sees f "t immemorial4 ,!y pret5d t ,jem%id1 be+ in/ruct$ by ,hom1 ! primitive legislator1 inv5t$ ! ,ka%ti4 ,be=e ! "t ( ,zoroa/]1 x 0 worn indiff]5tly z a sc>f1 or wrapp$ r\nd ! head4 ,! monum5ts ( ,p]sepolis exhibit p]sons we>+ ! ,ka%ti4 ,n to we> x 9 ! fifte5? ye> is a great s92 ! day on :i* x is tak5 = ! fir/ "t is a fe/ival1 & daily pray]s are prescrib$ be=e putt+ x on1 & frequ5t c]emonies are connect$ ) x 7,z5d-,av41 t4 ,,ii4 pp4 #ebi74 ,no?+ c be "r or good t is done )\t ! ,ka%ti3 8ungirt1 unbless$0 7,hyde1 p4 #cgf74 ,we h "h a /rik+ example h[ a cu/om orig9ally sugge/$ by simple conv5i5ce1 to be girt1 or to be ready1 acc+]e se1 acquires by religi\s prescription an importance f> beyond its int5d$ use & purpose4,a4 ,t4 #dec ,d>w&s1 ! production ( ,ahriman3 ?is ^w means3 #a4 ! ,d>ong1 or 8evil spirits1 :o appe> "u ! human =m20 #b4 ! wor%ipp]s ( ,ahriman2 #c4 ! spirits ( ! damn$4 ,aft] ! resurrection1 !y %all be anew precipitat$ into hell1 to be puni%$ !re dur+ ?ree days & nights2 aft] :i* ! great & small m\nta9s ( ! e>? %all be dissolv$ & fl[ ov] its surface 9 riv]s ( metal2 ! ,durw&s w be =c$ to pass ?r\gh ?is molt5 ocean1 & be+ ?us purifi$ f all s9 become et]nally bless$4,d4 ,s4 #ded ,9 ?is s5t5ce ,d4 ,%ea f\nd ! manuscripts & ! pr9t$ copy to diff] greatly1 b ! manuscript ( ,oude agrees ) ! latt]1 :i* !re=e ! editor ?9ks himself ju/ifi$ 9 foll[+1 al?\gh !re mu/ rema9 a d\bt ab\t ! au?or's mean+ hav+ be5 p]fectly express$4,a4 ,t4 #dee ,! acc\nt ( ,ardai ,viraf's vision ( ! o!r _w c b rem9d u ( :at ,plato relates 7,respubl41 t4 x7 ( ,h]o1 ! son ( ,arm5ius1 a ,pamphilian by orig93 viz41 :5 ?is man _h be5 kill$ 9 battle1 & :51 on ! t5? day1 ! dead bodies 7 9 a /ate ( decomposition1 he alone 0 pres]v$ & c>ri$ home to be buri$1 & on ! twelf? day1 be+ plac$ ^u ! fun]al pyre1 he gave signs ( life1 &1 resuscitat$1 he relat$ :at he _h se5 9 ! o!r _w4 ,^u ?is we may reflect1 t ! "n ( ,arda1 :i* occurs z a "p ( _m ,p]sian names1 may be ref]r$ to ! ,sanskrit rdha1 8elevat$20 ,arda%ir is p]haps rdhairas1 8elevat$ head20 rdd>a1 signifies 8a h]o1 a *ampion2 f rja1 to be /rong3 :i* w\ld give ne>ly ! s5se ( ,plato's 1 8( ! /rong man10 z he *>act]ises ,h]o4 ,?is obs]vation ga9s p]haps "s relief1 by connect+ x ) a passage ( ,/4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria 7,/rom4 ,i4 ,v4 sect4 xiv471 9 :i* he int]prets by ,zoroa/] ! "n ( ,h]o1 & quotes a passage f a "w 9 :i* ?is suppos$ ,zoroa/] relates ( himself :at ,plato /ates ( ,h]o4 ,! "w m5tion$ by ,/4 ,clem5t1 mu* kn[n 9 ! fir/ c5turies ( our era1 might h be5 compos$ by a ,neo-platonic :o transpos$ ! fable f ,h]o to ,zoroa/]4 ,h]o1 c]ta9ly n ,zoroa/]1 may ) m probability be assimilat$ to "o ( 8 zeal\s foll[]s1 ,ardai ,viraf1 :o liv$ 9 ! second c5tury ( our era4,a4 ,t4 #def ,accord+ to ! concurr5t te/imony ( ,p]sian records1 ,az>bad1 ! son ( ,m>esf&1 0 ! ?irtie? desc5dant f ,zoroa/]4 ,tw5ty-n9e g5]ations1 at f\r to a c5tury1 make #gbe ye>s2 to ?is add =ty = ! probable age ( ,az>bad at ! "t ( 8 assum+ ! prophetic mission3 if f ! sum #gfe we subtract #bdj1 t is1 ! epo*a ( k+ ,%apr1 "u :om ,az>bad liv$1 !re w rema9 #ebe1 ! "t ( ,zoroa/] be=e ,*ri/4 ,f\r g5]ations are "h assign$ to a c5tury1 because1 accord+ to ,zoroa/]'s law1 m>riage is an act ( religion1 & *ildr5 are ! /eps or ladd]s = asc5d+ to heav53 ! obs]vance ( ?is precept mu/ h t5d$ to multiply ! g5]ations 9 ! legislator's family 7,rauzet-u ,safa1 ,%ea's transl41 p4 #bhj74 ,! foll[+ quotation f ! ,%ah-nameh nas] 7,hyde1 p4 #bhj7 may "h f9d place1 9 addition to my note1 p4 #bhd3 ,:5 k+ ,%apr he>d ( ! great unc]ta9ty /ill prevail+ among a consid]able numb] ( m5 ab\t ! tru? ( ,zoroa/]'s religion1 he dem&$ a solution ( ! great "q f ! pr9cipal prie/s1 among :om ,az>bad rose & (f]$ to satisfy him3 8,i w10 said he1 8fur!r develop ,ardai ,viraf's acc\nt ( hell & heav51 & sit nak$ f head to foot1 :il/ eighte5 p\nds ( melt$ brass are p\r$ ^u my body2 if ! lea/ p>ticle ( x be hurt1 ! prophet's words are false2 !y are true1 if ,i receive n ! lea/ injury40 ,no h>m ensu$ to him f ! trial made ^u 8 p]son1 & all believ$4,a4 ,t4 #deg ,! read+ ( ! manuscript & pr9t$ copy is exce$+ly defective 9 ?is passage3 x has be5 re/or$ accord+ to hi/orical notices3 ,pope's translation has 7p4 #ii7 8=ty ?\s& s\ls h sec$$ f our holy fai?10 in/ead ( 8! =ty ?\s& wise m5 7 aga9 assembl$40,d4 ,s4 #deh ,! ,viraf nameh t]m9ates by ^! words3 8,! ,masdian religion became m firmly e/abli%$ ?an ev]1 & cont9u$ 9 all its purity until ! ,mahom$an conque/ disp]s$ its vot>ies1 & =c$ ^? :o p]sev]$ 9 x to ab&on ! tombs ( _! ance/ors1 & to fly = refuge to di/ant c\ntries4 ,a small numb] fl$ to1 & 7 k9dly receiv$ on1 ! %ores ( we/]n ,india1 & ! pres5t ,p>sees ( ,bombay & ,surat are _! desc5dants40 ,t is to say1 x 0 a %ort "t aft] ,yezdej]d's dea? t1 p]secut$ by ! ,muhamm$ans1 a numb] ( ,p]sians1 to pres]ve _! anci5t religion1 fl$ to ,kohi/an1 f :5ce aft] a c5tury !y desc5d$ to ,ormuz on ! ,p]sian gulf1 & aft] a /ay !re ( fifte5 ye>s l&$ at ,diu on ! ,indian coa/4 ,n9ete5 ye>s lat] !y e/abli%$ !mselves 9 ! ,guz]at2 !nce1 aft] ! lapse ( ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 !y disp]s$ to ! nor? & s\? ( ,surat4 ,!y _h be5 five c5turies 9 ,india :5 !y f\ght ) ! ,indians aga9/ ! ,muhamm$ans1 & 7 aga9 oblig$ to fly be=e ! enemies ( _! fai?4 ,!y ma9ta9$ !mselves1 h[ev]1 9 diff]5t places ( ! prov9ce ( ,aurungabad4 ,hav+ gradually increas$ 9 numb]s to ab\t #aej1jjj families 79 #ahaf71 !y live disp]s$ 9 villages f ,diu to ,bombay1 9 :i* place ab\t #bd1jjj ( !m reside 7,z5d ,av41 t4 ,i4 #a4 ,p4 p4 cccxviii2 & ,pope's ,engl4 transl4 ( ! ,viraf-nameh1 p4 #aah74;,a4 ,t4 #dei ,k%m>1 ,ki%m> is ! "n ( a t[n 9 ! c\ntry ( ,tir%ez1 9 ,khorasan or 9 ,bactria 7,hyde1 p4 #ccb74 #dfj ,^u ! cypress1 see notes pp4 #bcf1 #bhj4 ,accord+ to ! ,f]hang ,jehangiri & ! ,burhani ,kati1 ,z>du%t plant$ two cypress-trees2 "o 9 ! t[n j m5tion$1 & ! o!r 9 ! t[n ( ,f>mad1 or ,f]yad1 or ,f]dd1 :i* is 9 ! c\ntry ( ,tus4 ,! ,magi believe1 he plant$ ^! trees by means ( two %oots br\ght by him f p>adise4,a4 ,t4 #dfa ,he 0 ! t5? ,khalif ( ! ,abbassides1 & began to reign 9 ! ye> ( ! ,hejira #bcb1 ,a4 ,d4 #hdf4;,a4 ,t4 #dfb ,sam>ah is a t[n 9 ,*alda1 f :i* ! ,sam>itan ,jews h _! "n1 & :i* 0 = "s "t ! seat ( ! ,muselman empire 7,h]belot74,a4 ,t4 #dfc ,jafriyah is a t[n 9 ! ,arabian ,irak1 s call$ f its build]1 ,jf>1 ! orig9al "n ( ! khalif :o assum$ ! title ( ,matavakhel al ,allah1 8he :o confides 9 ,god40,a4 ,t4 #dfd ,he _h !n reign$ f\rte5 ye>s & two mon?s4 ,! ,turks 7 excit$ to murd] him by 8 own son ,montass>1 9 ! t[n ( ,makhuriah1 on ! v spot :]e ,khosru ,p>viz _h be5 put to dea? by 8 son ,%iruyah 7,siroes77,h]belot74,a4 ,t4 #dfe ,accord+ to ! above /atem5t1 ! tree w\ld h be5 plant$ #fjd ye>s be=e our era1 t is1 ab\t ! "t ( ,gu%tasp1 k+ ( ,p]sia1 if ! ye>s above /at$ be tak5 = sol> ye>s2 b if = lun> 7t is = only #adjh sol>7 ye>s1 ! epo* ( ! plantation ( ! cypress w\ld be #efb ye>s ,b4 ,c41 & #edh1 if ! computation be ref]r$ to ! end ( ,mutawakhal's life4,a4 ,t4 #dff ,hakim ,mirtas1 9 ! text1 may be a prop] "n4,a4 ,t4 #dfg ,! ,sad-d] nas] 79 prose7 is an abridgm5t ( practical & c]emonial !ology1 call$ ,sad-d]1 or 8"o hundr$ doors10 because ! hundr$ *apt]s ( :i* x is compos$ are l s _m doors lead+ to heav54 ,"s ,p>sees ?9k t ! orig9al 0 writt5 9 ,pehlvi4 ,x is positively said 9 ! beg9n+ ( ?is treatise t x has be5 drawn f ! law3 :i* proves t x makes no "p ( ! ,z5d-,ave/a 7,z5d-,av41 t4 ,i4 #b4 ,p4 ,notices1 pp4 xxix4 xxx74 ,! ,sad-d] nazem 79 v]se7 0 v]sifi$ by a ,p]sian call$ ,%ahm>d1 ! son ( ,malek ,%ah1 & t]m9at$ 9 ! mon? ( ,isf5d]mad 7,febru>y7 ( ! ye> #hfd f ! in/allation ( ,yezdej]d1 #adie ,a4 ,d41 & br\ght f ,kirman to ,india by ! ,du/r ,pa%utan ,daji4 ,?is "w has be5 translat$ into ,lat9 by ! le>n$ ,hyde 7ibid41 p4 xxxiv74 ,! ,dabi/an gives only a %ort ab/ract ( x4,a4 ,t4 #dfh ,see p4 #bih1 :]e ! same tale occurs4 #dfi ,ya%t 7see note1 p4 #beh7 signifies ) ! ,p>sees 9 g5]al pray]s accompani$ by efficaci\s b5$ictions1 b is "h us$ to imply ! panegyrics ( sev]al cele/ial spirits1 9 :i* are enum]at$ _! pr9cipal attributes & _! relation to ,ormuzd & 8 productions1 z di/ributors ( ! bless+s :i* ?is second>y pr9ciple spreads ov] nature1 & z decl>$ enemies ( ,ahriman & 8 m9i/]s4 ,accord+ to ! ,p>sees1 ea* ,am%asf& & ,iz$ _h a peculi> ,ya%t2 b ( all ^! compositions !re only rema9 9 ! ,z& eighte5 :i* are au!ntic1 & a small "p ( ! ,ya%t ( ,bahman4,d4 ,s4 #dgj ,^u ! ,na ,roz1 see note1 p4 #bfh4 #dga ,^! are two %ort =ms ( pray]1 l our collects1 :i* are frequ5tly repeat$ 9 ! ,p>see litanies4 ,! ,ita ahu virio1 z translat$ by ,anq4 du ,p]on1 runs ?us3 8,x is ! desire ( ,ormuzd t ! *ief ( ! law %\ld p]=m pure & holy works3 ,bahman be/[s abundance on him :o acts ) hol9ess 9 ?is _w4 ,o1 ,ormuzd6 ?\ e/abli%e/ z k+ :oev] consoles & n\ri%es ! poor40 ,! ,a%em ,vuhu ?us3 8,abundance & p>adise are res]v$ = him :o is j & pure3 he is truly pure :o is holy & p]=ms holy works40,d4 ,s4 #dgb ,kirfah means3 #a4 a good "w2 #b4 a m]it :i* absolves f s94 ,! au?or ( ! ,dabi/n has s abridg$ ?is ,d] t x is deem$ prop] to give x at l5g? accord+ to ,hyde's translation3 8,x is manife/1 f ! pr9ciples ( religion1 t we mu/ conc$e due au?ority to ! ,du/r & mu/ n deviate f 8 comm&s1 z he is ! ornam5t & spl5dor ( ! fai?4 ,al?\gh ?y good works may be c\ntless z ! leaves ( ! trees1 ! gra9s ( s&1 ! drops ( ra91 or ! />s 9 ! heav5s1 ?\ can/ ga9 no?+ by !m1 unless !y be acceptable 9 ! sight ( ! ,du/r3 if he be n cont5t ) !e1 ?\ %alt h no praise 9 ?is _w3 !re=e1 my son1 ?\ %alt pay to ! ,du/r :o tea*es !e ! ti! ( all ?\ possesse/ 7weal? & prop]ty ( e k9d1 gold & silv]74 ,!re=e ?\1 :o desire/ to enjoy p>adise to all et]nity1 pay ti!s to ! ,du/r2 = if he be satisfi$ ) !e1 "k t p>adise is ?9e2 b if he be n cont5t ) !e1 ?\ can/ d]ive no portion ( b5efit f ?y good works2 ?y s\l %alt n f9d its way to p>adise2 ?\ %alt h no place along ) angels2 ?y s\l c nev] be deliv]$ f ! fi5ds ( hell1 :i* is to be ?y et]nal abode3 b pay ! ti!s1 & ! ,du/rs w be pleas$ ) !e1 & ?y s\l %all get to p>adise )\t delay4 ,truly ! ,du/rs "k ! religion ( all m51 und]/& all ?+s1 & deliv] all 7fai?ful7 m540,d4 ,s4 #dgc ,hyde 7p4 #ded7 has 8,malkus1 ^: en*antm5ts br\ght on ! deluge40 #dgd ,s>regh1 accord+ to ,hyde 7ibid471 8by :om 79 ! "t ( ,sm7 ! _w suff]$ oppression & injury40 #dge 8,tr-,brtur 7o!rwise ,tri-,brtru% or tre%71 t villan\s & obsc5e man1 :o de/roy$ ,z>du%t 9 t religion :i* he support$ by 8 zeal407,hyde1 ibid474 ,?is "n is p]haps a v>iation ( ,p>ntru% 7see p4 #bbh74;,a4 ,t4 #dgf ,see note1 p4 #big4 #dgg ,! t]ms ,miezd & ,d>un require "s f>!r illu/ration3 ! foll[+ is f ! ,z5d-,ave/a1 vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #ecd4 ,! ,miezd1 t is1 meats previ\sly bless$ & !n eat51 ei!r dur+ or aft] ! s]vice2 fl[]s1 fruits1 especially pomegranates & dates2 rice1 fragrant se$s1 & p]fumes2 milk2 ! small cakes call$ ,d>un2 ! bran*es ( ! ,hom & its juice1 call$ ,p]ahom2 ! roots ( trees1 p>ticul>ly ! pomegranate tree4 ,! roots are cut1 ! milk1 & 9 g5]al all ^! (f]+s1 are prep>$ ) c]emonies describ$ at great l5g? 9 ! ,ravaets1 or 8ritual treatises40 ,^! (f]+s1 & ! sacr$ implem5ts1 :i* are tw5ty-six 9 numb]1 con/itute ! ?irty-?ree objects z specifi$ by ,zoroa/] 9 ! latt] "p ( ! fir/ ,ha ( ! ,ize*n1 vol4 ,i4 ,p4 ,,ii4 p4 #hg3 8,i invoke & laud all ! mighty1 ! pure ,du/rs :o h ?irty-?ree objects ar\nd & ne> ! ,havan 7! vase = hold+ ! ,p]ahom73 !y are pure1 accord+ to ! ord9ance ( ,z>adu%t1 :o 0 in/ruct$ by ! ,supreme ,"l himself40 ,! ,d>uns are small cakes ( unleav5$ bread1 ne>ly ! =m & ?ickness ( a cr[n piece3 !re are two or f\r ( ^! (f]$1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! s]vice4 ,! ,d>un on :i* !y place a little dress$ meat is call$ ,d>un ,fuse/1 or 8(f]$ bread40,d4 ,s4 #dgh ,! ,afirgans1 or ,af]nigns1 are ! pray]s & b5$ictions recit$ dur+ ! ,gahanb> or ! la/ t5 days ( ! ye>1 & on ! anniv]s>y ( deceas$ p>5ts or relations3 b ! s]vice on ! ?ird night aft] ! decease is n to be neglect$1 z 9 t case ! s\l ( ! deceas$ w\ld rema9 )\t protection until ! resurrection4 ,on ! ?ird night1 at ! ,o%5 ,gah1 or midnight1 !re are f\r s]vices2 "o = ea* ( ! angels1 ,ra%9 ,ra/1 ,ram ,izad1 & ,suru%1 ! f\r? 9 honor ( ! ,f]\]s ( holy p]sonages4 ,9 ?is la/ s]vice are recit$ n9e ,k>ds1 or portions ( ! ,visp>$1 & f\r dresses1 fruits1 & *eese are laid by = ! (ficiat+ prie/1 along ) ! ,d>un4 ,! ^w ,visp]$ admits ( two mean+s3 #a4 8! k ( 8e ?+10 ,visp ,khirad20 #b4 8all ! *iefs10 ,visp ,rad4 ,! latt] mean+ seems m analog\s to ! ,visp]$1 z x beg9s by invok+ ! *iefs ( all be+ssu* z ! fir/ ( ! heav5s1 ! fir/ ( ! e>?1 ! fir/ ( aquatic creatures1 etc4 ,zoroa/] is suppos$ to h repeat$ to ! ,brahm9 ,*+grat* ?is ,visp]$1 :i* beg9s ?us3 8,i invoke & laud ! fir/ ( ! heav5s1 ! fir/ ( ! e>?1 ! fir/ ( aquatic be+s1 ! fir/ ( t]re/rial be+s1 ! fir/ ( brilliant & intellig5t be+s1 ! holy1 pure1 & great ,*+grt*s20 & x ends ) 8,i invoke & laud ! bull exalt$ on high1 :o makes ! h]bage to gr[ 9 abundance2 ?is bull1 ! pure gift1 :o has giv5 7be+7 to ! pure man40 ,! ,visp]$ is divid$ into tw5ty-sev5 ,k>ds1 or 8sections10 & probably =m$ "p ( ! ,baghant/ ( ! fifte5? ,nosk ( ! ,ave/a4 ,x is recit$ by day1 z well z ! ,ize%neh 7,yazi%nah71 & ) a ,b>som1 or 8bundle1 ( ?irty-five bran*es ( trees4 ,ize%n 7,yazi%nah7 means a pray] sett+ =? ! greatness ( ! p]sonage ?us address$4 ,x is compos$ ( sev5ty-two ,h1 :i* ! ,p>sees divide into two p>ts3 ! fir/ "p conta9s tw5ty-sev5 ,h1 address$ to ,ormuzd & 8 creation2 ! second conta9s pray]s address$ to ! ,supreme ,be+2 x speaks ( man1 ( 8 wants1 ( ! sev]al g5ii *>g$ to protect him1 etc4 ,! ^w ,h1 :i* signifies a portion ( ! ,ize%n1 is d]iv$ f ! ,z5d ,hetm1 or ,ht>im1 portions4 ,f ,htaum is also =m$ 8,_h10 :i* signifies 8measure1 limit40 ,! ,ize%n probably =m$ "p ( ! ,setud-ye%t1 ! fir/ ,nosk ( ! ,ave/a1 or ( ! ,setud-gh]1 ! second ,nosk4 ,! ,ize%n is p]=m$ at ! ,gah ,havan1 or 8sunrise20 :51 recit$ by itself )\t o!r pray]s1 ! ,ize%nh ,sadah is read ) ! same c]emonies z ! ,v5didad ,sdeh1 except+ t ! ,b>som1 or 8sacr$ bundle ( twigs0 see h]eaft]1 p4 #cai1 consi/s !n ( only tw5ty-?ree bran*es4 ,! ,v5didad & ,visp]$ _c be recit$ )\t ! ,ize%n1 & ! ,b>som = ^! two (fices consi/s ( ?irty-five bran*es4 ,! t]m ,sde means 8pure10 or ! text )\t a translation4 ,! two works1 ! ,ize%n & ,visp]$1 jo9$ to ! ,v5didad1 ! tw5tie? ,nosk ( ! ,ave/a1 =m ! ,v5didad ,sad1 :i* ! ,mob$s are oblig$ to recite e day1 comm5c+ at ! ,gh ,o%51 or 8midnight10 or be=e day-break1 s t x may be f9i%$ be=e sunrise4 ,purifications1 ord9ances1 m>riages1 9 %ort all ! c]emonies ( ! law1 dep5d on ! due celebration ( ?is (fice4,d4 ,s4 #dgi ,le/ demons or wiz>ds %\ld take !m away & use !m 9 _! en*antm5ts4,d4 ,s4 #dhj ,^u ,vj1 see note1 p4 #bif4 ,9 ?is translation1 ! read+ ( ! manuscript has be5 foll[$ z be+ ! mo/ simple3 !re seems h[ev] some?+ omitt$4 ,annex$ is ! =m ( pray] recit$ 9 ,vj1 :i* means m5tal recitation3 x is tak5 f ,anquetil du ,p]ron3 ,,! ,,pray]s ,,recit$ ,,by ,,p>sees ,,be=e ,,meat4 ,e?a aad avirm$e48,ormuzd is k+3 n[ ,i make ,ize%n to ,ormuzd ! giv] ( pure flocks1 ! giv] ( pure wat]s1 ( pure trees1 ! giv] ( light1 ( e>?1 & ( e k9d ( good40 ,?is is to be recit$ once4 ,e%em ,trihu48,abundance & p>adise are res]v$ = ! j & undefil$ p]son2 he :o does heav5ly & pure works40 ,to be recit$ ?ree times4 ,,pray]s ,,aft] ,,meat4 ,e?u ahu ,virio48,x is ! desire ( ,ormuzd t ! *ief 7( ! law7 %\ld p]=m pure & holy works4 ,bahman gives 7abundance7 to him :o acts ) hol9ess 9 ! _w4 ,o ,ormuzd6 ?\ e/abli%e/ z k+ :oev] com=ts & n\ri%es ! poor40 ,to be repeat$ twice4 ,e%em vuhu48,abundance & p>adise1 etc40 ,to be repeat$ once4 ,ehm>e/*i48,maye/ ?\ rema9 always effulg5t ) light6 may ?y body be always 9 good condition6 may ?y body ev] increase6 may ?y body be ev] victori\s6 may ?y desires1 :5 accompli%$1 ev] r5d] !e happy6 maye/ ?\ always h di/+ui%$ *ildr56 maye/ ?\ live = ev]6 = l5g? ( "t6 = l5g? ( ye>s6 & maye/ ?\ be receiv$ = ev] into ! cele/ial abodes ( ! holy1 all radiant ) light & happ9ess6 enjoy a ?\s& heal?s1 t5 ?\s& heal?s40 ,k]eba mezada4,?is =m ( pray] %all be quot$ h]eaft]4 ,e%em ,vuhu48,abundance & p>adise1 etc40 ,to be repeat$ once4 ,! comm5tator on ?is gate has evid5tly conf\nd$ ,vj or ,vz ) ! ,b>sum2 ?is mi/ake is n to be attribut$ to ! au?or ( ! ,dabi/n4,d4 ,s4 #dha ,/rabo1 obs]ves ,anquetil 7,z&-,ave/a1 p4 #ecb71 alludes to ! ,b>som1 :]e he says ( ! ,magi3 8,!y make _! pray]s a long "t1 hold+ a bundle ( sl5d] twigs ( tam>isk 9 _! h&s0 7,geog41 lib4 ,,xv4 p4 #gcc74;,d4 ,s4 #dhb ,see pp4 #bib-c4 #dhc ,anquetil du ,p]ron says 7,z5d-,ave/a1 t4 ,,ii4 p4 #fja73 8,( all ! religions kn[n1 t ( ! ,p>ss is p]haps ! only "o 9 :i* fa/+ be nei!r m]itori\s nor ev5 p]mitt$4 ,! ,p>s1 on ! contr>y1 believes to honor ,ormuzd by n\ri%+ himself well3 because ! body1 fre% & vigor\s1 r5d]s ! s\l /rong] aga9/ ! bad g5ii2 because ! man1 feel+ less want1 reads ! ^w ) m att5tion1 & feels m c\rage = p]=m+ good works2 consequ5tly sev]al cele/ial spirits are especially *>g$ ) wat*+ ov] ! welf>e ( man3 ,rame%n1 ,kh>om1 ,khordd1 & ,am]dd give abundance & pleasures to him1 & x is ! la/ ( ! ,iz$s m5tion$ :o produces 9 ! fruits ! ta/e & flavor :i* lead m5 to apply !m to t use = :i* ,ormuzd has creat$ !m40,a4 ,t4 #dhd ,! cock is an animal held 9 great e/eem by ! ,p>sees1 :o are enjo9$ to keep "o 9 _! h\ses2 ,bahrm 7,m>s7 appe>s "u ?is =m 7,z5d-,ave/a1 t4 ,,ii4 pp4 #bij4 #fjb74 ,! cock is call$ a ,p]sian bird1 &1 accord+ to ,a!nu1 cocks came fir/ f ,p]sia 7see ,hyde1 p4 #dab74;,a4 ,t4 #dhe ,9 ! fif? p]iod ( eighty days 7 creat$ ! #bhb ,s>dah1 or g5]a ( birds & animals1 viz43 #aaj ( birds & #agb ( animals 7,hyde1 ,rel4 ,vet4 ,p]s41 p4 #afd74;,d4 ,s4 #dhf ,accord+ to ,hyde's translation ( ! ,sad-d] 7p4 #dga73 caput ejus expi>e oportet1 8an expiation is to be p]=m$ ov] 8 head40,a4 ,t4 #dhg ,mezda or ,maz-dao1 9 ,z&1 accord+ to ,rask1 means 8,god20 ,bohl5 & ,mr4 ,bopp believe t ?is ^w is ( ! same family z ! ,sanskrit mahat1 8great20 ,m4 ,eug5e ,burn\f1 9 a le>n$ discussion1 ju/ifies ! int]pretation 8multiscius0 giv5 ( ?is ^w by ,n]ios5gh 7see ,comm5taire sur le ,yacna1 pp4 #gj-gg74;,a4 ,t4 ,! =m ( pray] call$ ,kimna va ,mazda is probably ! same z ! ,k]eba ,mazda 7,z5d-,ave/a1 t4 ,,ii4 p4 #f71 :i* is z foll[s3 8,grant1 ,o ,ormuzd1 t my good works may efface my s9s2 grant joy & cont5t to my purifi$ s\l6 give me a %>e 9 all ! good works & holy words ( ! sev5 regions ( ! e>?6 ,may ! e>? enl>ge itself6 may ! riv]s ext5d _! c\rses6 may ! sun ev] rise on high6 may su* be ! portion ( ! pure 9 life1 accord+ to ! wi%es :i* ,i make40,d4 ,s4 #dhh ,= y>%anom1 :i* is 9 ! manuscripts & 9 ! edition ( ,calcutta1 read ,b>a%nom4 ,?is is ! "n ( "o ( ! f\r sorts ( purifications prescrib$ to ! ,p>sees2 t call$ ! ,b>a%nom ( n9e nights1 is believ$ ! mo/ efficaci\s4 ,x is p]=m$ 9 a g>d5 or 9 a retir$ place1 :]e a piece ( gr\nd #ij feet 9 l5g? & #af feet 9 bread? is *os5 = x1 &1 aft] hav+ be5 clean$ & surr\nd$ by a n>r[ dit* & a h$ge1 cov]$ ) s&4 ,!re91 aft] ! celebration ( c]emonies dur+ "o or ?ree days1 a ,mob$ traces a numb] ( furr[s or tr5*es1 call$ ,kei%s1 & =ms sev]al heaps ( /ones accord+ to prescrib$ rules2 he prep>es a bev]age ( ox's ur9e & wat] mix$ ) o!r sacr$ liquids3 ?is ! p]son to be purifi$ dr9ks 9 sacr$ vases1 !n ent]s into ! ,kei%s1 accompani$ by ,mob$s & a dog2 !re he /rips1 & receives on 8 body w9e p\r$ ov] him1 & wa%es himself ) t giv5 him by ! ,mob$4 ,dur+ pray]s recit$ by ! purificator & himself1 he passes ov] sev]al heaps ( /ones1 8 "r h& on 8 head & 8 left ^u ! dog1 & is !n rubb$ ) du/2 9 8 progress ov] o!r heaps ( /ones1 he wa%es himself sev]al times ) wat]4 ,?is done1 ! purifi$ p]son goes out ( ! tr5*es1 & p]=ms o!r ablutions ) wat] be=e he dresses & puts on ! ,ko%ti1 or 8girdle40 ,! individual :o takes ! ,b>a%nom rema9s sep>at$ f o!r m5 dur+ n9e days1 & at ! end ( ! ?ird1 six?1 & n9? night1 he wa%es himself ) a prescrib$ quantity ( w9e & wat]1 & is subject to o!r c]emonies4 ,?is is a v %ort ab/ract ( ! c]emonies practis$ 9 our days2 9 ! ,v5didad ,sad1 o!r v m9ute p>ticul>s & pray]s are giv5 = ! p]=mance ( purification1 ! usages ( :i* h 9 ! c\rse ( "t und]gone "s *anges4 ,see a completely detail$ acc\nt ( ^! rites ( purification 9 ,anquetil's elaborate "w1 ,z5d-,ave/a1 t4 ,i4 #b4 ,p4 pp4 #cec-cfg1 & t4 ,,ii4 pp4 #ede-edh1 ) a plan ( ! place ^u :i* ! ,b>a%nom is p]=m$4,a4 ,t4 #dhi ,accord+ to ,olugh ,beigh 7,hyde1 p4 #aij71 ! "n ( ! five supplem5t>y days ( ! ,p]sian ye> ( #cfj days are z foll[s3 ,ahnavd1 ,a%navd1 ,isf5damd or ,mz1 ,vah%at or ,vah/1 & ,ha%ne% or ,ha%tuvi% 7see also p4 #fb4 n474,a4 ,t4 #dij ,accord+ to ,anquetil 7,z5d-,ave/a1 ,,ii4 p4 #ege7 ! "n ( ! five supplem5t>y days is ,f>v>dians1 t is1 8! days ( ! ,f]v]s ( ! law30 on ^! days1 z ! ,p]sians believe1 ! s\ls ( ! bless$ & ^? ( ! damn$ come to visit _! relations1 :o receive !m ) ! greate/ magnific5ce 9 _! h\ses1 purifi$ & adorn$ = ! occasion4 ,9 ! composition ( ! "n ,f>v>dign1 appe>s to h ent]$ ! ^w ,ghs1 :i* d5otes also ! ,epagom5es1 & five female ,iz$s1 or angels1 :o h =m$1 & pres]ve1 ! bodies1 & are occupi$ 9 heav5 to weave g>m5ts = ! j 7,z&-,ave/a1 ,i4 #b4 ,p4 p4 #bba74;,a4 ,t4 #dia ,x may be recollect$ t1 dur+ ! %ort p]iod ( ! ,fr5* ,republic1 ! ye> 0 ( twelve mon?s1 ea* ( ?irty days1 ) ! addition ( five supplem5t>y days1 call$ by "s ,sansculotides2 ^! 7 fe/ivals1 consecrat$1 ! #a/1 to ,virtue2 ! #bnd1 to ,g5ius2 ! #crd1 to ,lab\r2 ! #d?1 to ,op9ion2 & ! #e?1 to ,recomp5se2 e f\r? or leap-ye>1 !re 0 a #f? day1 devot$ to ! ,revolution4,a4 ,t4 #dib ,! manuscript reads3 8,let h] eat bread at night1 hav+ wrapp$ up ! h& 9 h] sleeve & ov] t a t[el40,d4 ,s4 #dic ,ya%t is n f\nd among ! names ( ! ,nosks enum]at$ 9 ! note1 pp4 #bgb-bge4;,a4 ,t4 #did ,e city & village mu/ h ! tree call$ ,ad]n1 or ,ad]n ,%h1 or 8! *ief ( fires40 ,ad] is ! ,p-z5d ( ,at]1 :i* signifies fire2 :i* ^w1 9 ,p>see writ+s1 means ! sev]al fires :i* %[$ !mselves to mank9d "u diff]5t =ms1 & also _! presid+ g5ii2 :il/ ,ate% signifies ! common fire4 ,:5 a kit*5 fire has be5 us$ ?ree times1 ! ,p>sees are b\nd to take x to ! ,ad]n3 ! o!r fires mu/ be tak5 ?i!r on ! expiration ( sev5 days1 on ! day ( ,ad] & ^? ( 8 co-op]at+ g5ii4 ,! fire ,ad]n itself is tak5 once e ye>1 or at lea/ e ?ree ye>s1 to ! fire ,behram1 :i* is ! result ( "o ?\s& & "o fires1 tak5 f fifte5 diff]5t k9ds ( fire4 ,9 /rictness !re %\ld be an ,ad] ,behrm 9 e prov9ce1 & accord+ to "s ,du/rs1 9 e city4 ,on ! expiration ( a c]ta9 p]iod1 !y take ! a%es ( ! ,behrm1 ,ad]n1 & o!r fires into ! fields1 & /rew !m ov] ! cultivat$ gr\nds4 ,x requires a c]emonial ( ?irty days to prep>e ! ,behrm fire 7,z5d-,ave/a1 t4 ,,ii4 p4 #eca74;,d4 ,s4 #die ,! ,p>sees use = _! purifications sev5 ?+s3 pla9 wat]2 ,padiav wat]2 wat] ( p[]1 or ab--zr 7accord+ to ,hyde1 gold5 wat]7 ,ye%t wat]2 e>?2 ,nor5g gomez1 or ox's ur9e2 & ,nor5g gomez ye%t4 ,!y mu/ take c>e to h ! pla9 wat] & ! e>? free f all k9d ( impurity4,d4 ,s4 #dif ,padiav means 8:at r5d]s or is r5d]$ 7pure7 l wat]40 ,to imp>t ?is quality to wat]1 ! (ficiat+ prie/ puts x 9 a l>ge vase1 out ( :i* he fills a small] vessel2 he aft]w>ds p\rs out "s ( ! wat] ?ree times f ! small] into ! l>g] vessel1 accompany+ ea* act ) c]ta9 =ms ( pray]1 on :i* ! wat] becomes ,padiav4,d4 ,s4 #dig ,see note1 p4 #cbe4 #dih ,accord+ to ,anquetil ,du ,p]ron1 ,khu%numan signifies "o :o is pleas$ or favorable3 ?is "n is giv5 to a %ort pray]1 or collect1 :i* conta9s ! pr9cipal attributes ( ! be+ to :om x is address$3 !re are two k9ds ( x1 ! great] & ! less3 9 ! =m]1 aft] e attribute !y repeat3 8,i (f] !e ,ize*n10 or 8,i praise & magnify !e20 9 ! latt] =m ?is is only repeat$ aft] ! enum]ation ( all ! attributes4,d4 ,s4 #dii ,see note1 p4 #cae1 ,hyde translates ,d>n ye%tn1 by 8expiatory banquet30 b accord+ to ,anquetil 7,z5d-,ave/a1 t4 ,i4 #b4 ,p4 p4 #bcg7 ! ,d>n ,ye%t is a ,p>si (fice1 :i* beg9s ?us3 8,) ! ,b>som rais$ ov] ! ,zr1 ,i address 9 pray] ! great ,ormuzd1 brilliant 9 light & glory2 also ! ,am%asp&s2 & !e1 ,o ,fire6 son ( ,ormuzd6 ,i address 9 pray] ! wood & ! p]fumes6 4 4 4 4 !e1 ,o ,fire1 son ( ,ormuzd6 4 4 4 4 ! pure1 ! *iefs :o walk 9 dignity 9 ?is _w6 ,i make ,khu%numan2 ,i address my pray] to ,ormuzd1 to ! ,am%asp&s1 to ! pure ,sur%1 to ! ,fire ( ,ormuzd1 ! great1 ! exalt$1 ! holy6 ,i pray to ! holy1 pure1 & great ,v5didad giv5 to ,zoroa/]6 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,gahs4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,gahanb>s1 or ! six p]iods ( creation4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,ye>s & laud !m40 ,d>un ye%t also signifies 8,fe/ival ,d>ns10 or banquets prec$$ by ! recitation ( ! ,ize%n1 ! ,v5didad1 & ! ,d>un1 = :i* ! (ficiat+ prie/ receives a new dress4 ,?is be>s out ,hyde's translation4,d4 ,s4 #ejj ,! =ms ,je? ah viryo1 ,e%em ,vehu1 & ,je?a d ,jezmd h be5 giv5 "u ,,gate #bb4,! ,homoct5aum is a %ort pray]3 8,to ?9k ) purity1 to act ) purity1 to p]=m & execute x1 to tea* o!rs ! same1 su* is my und]tak+4 ,i tea* ! same to m53 may x turn to my good60 ,! ,hockh%?rtem3 8,! k+ :o is pure & elevat$ z ,i am1 ,i w give him 8 desires2 ( him ,i1 ,ormuzd ! holy & heav5ly1 w take peculi> c>e40 ,! pr9t$ copy reads = ,j?a ad ,jezmd1 ! words 4 ,b z "o manuscript reads ,j?a d ,jezmd1 x has be5 reta9$4 ,! ,hemoctaum & ,hokh%?rtem are also conjectural1 z ! two manuscripts & pr9t$ copy pres5t diff]5t read+s4 ,9 ! latt] ^! are read ,home%am & ,ho*a/>4,d4 ,s4 #eja ,9 ! ,v5didad ,sad 7,z5d-,ave/a1 t4 ,i4 #b4 ,p4 p4 #chf7 we f9d3 8,! _w is eng5d]$ f wat]2 & at pres5t !re are 9 ! wat] two primeval aquatic dogs & ?\s&s ( _! females :i* produce by copulation ?\s&s ( _! species4 ,to smite ^! aquatic dogs causes all good ?+s to be p>*$ up2 f t city or place %all dep>t all t is sweet to ! ta/e3 :olesome vi&s1 heal?1 longevity1 abundance1 ra91 ! s\rce ( good1 ! pr(usion ( temporal bless+s2 also :atev] gr[s on ! e>?1 su* z gra9 & pa/urage40,d4 ,s4 #ejb ,9 page #efd1 ,z5d-,ave/a1 t4 ,,ii4 we f9d3 8,! ,p>sees :o are desir\s ( lead+ happy lives1 & ( hav+ *ildr5 :o d !m honor1 mu/ employ f\r prie/s to repeat ! ,ize%n dur+ ?ree consecutive days & nights3 ?is rite is call$ ! ,z9deh ,ravan1 or #8v]ifi] ( ! s\l 7at ! mom5t ( dea?74'0 ,sur%1 or ,sur% ,iz$1 p]=ms a mo/ important "p 9 ,p>see my?ology 7see note1 p4 #g74;,d4 ,s4 #ejc ,accord+ to ,anquetil du ,p]ron1 ! foll[+ are "s ( ! c]emonies practis$ on su* occasions4 ,on ! approa*+ dep>ture ( ! s\l f ! body1 !y p]=m ! ,sag-dd 7! dog-saw7 by pres5t+ a dog be=e ! dy+ p]son1 & t ! animal may be induc$ to look at him1 !y ?r[ "s bits ( bread or meat ne> ! p]son4 ,)\t d\bt ,b>desanes1 9 ,euseb4 prp4 ,evan4 lib41 p4 #bgg1 alludes to ?is cu/om :]e he says3 8,all ! ,m$es expose ! dy+1 :il/ yet brea?+1 to dogs :i* h be5 c>efully tra9$ = t purpose20 & 9 l mann] 7,euseb4 prp4 ,evang41 l4 ,i4 p4 #aa-ab71 :]e he says3 8,among ! ,hyrcanians & ,caspians1 "s expos$ p]sons :il/ yet alive to birds ( prey & dogs2 o!rs only ! deceas$3 b ! ,bactrians expos$ old p :il/ yet alive to dogs40 7,see h]eaft] ! note to ,,gate #gg47 ,! ,p>sees believe t1 imm$iately aft] dea?1 ! s\l1 l a feeble new-born infant1 flutt]s dur+ ! fir/ day ar\nd ! place :]e ! p]son di$2 on ! second1 ar\nd ! ,ke%1 or place 9 ! ,dakhm :]e ! body is deposit$2 & on ! ?ird ar\nd ! ,dakhm or ,p>si bury+-place2 on ! f\r?1 ne> ! bridge ( ,*9avad1 :]e he is int]rogat$ by ,mi?ra & ,ra%n ,ra/1 :o also weigh 8 actions4 ,dur+ ! ?ree fir/ days1 !y celebrate ! ,sur% ,ya%t1 ! ,sur% ,d>n1 ! ,patet ,mokhtat 7( s\ls71 & ! ,sur% ,af]gan4 ,patet signifies a g5]al confession ( all s9s a p]son may h committ$4 ,af]gns & ,afr9s are pray]s 9 ! =m ( ?anksgiv+s accompani$ ) supplications & b5$ictions4 ,on ! ?ird night1 at ! ,gah ,o%51 !y celebrate f\r ,d>uns3 ! fir/ 9 honor ( ,ra%n ,ra/2 ! second ( ,raon ,iz$2 ! ?ird ( ,sur%1 ) six ,d>ns1 ?ree l>ge & ?ree small2 & ! f\r? 9 honor ( ! ,f]\]s ( ! ,sa9ts3 ) ?is la/ !y place f\r dresses1 along ) fruits & *eese1 all ( :i* are = ! (ficiat+ prie/4,d4 ,s4 #ejd ,! ,niyayi% is an humble & submissive =m ( pray]1 ( :i* !re are five1 address$ to five ,iz$s1 & conta9+ _! panegyrics3 ! sun1 ,mi?ra1 ! moon1 ! female ,ard\isur1 & ! fire ,behrm4 ,among/ ! attributes ( ,ard\isur are3 mak+ females prolific1 pure1 giv+ !m happy *ild-bir?s1 supply+ milk1 etc4 ,! great ,voroke% makes e ?+ gr[ & exi/ 9 ^? places :]e x fl[s1 & :i!r x be>s ! elem5t ( wat]1 f ! s\rce ,ard\isur ( a ?\s& *annels & a ?\s& arms1 ea* ( :i* ext5ds to a j\rney ( =ty days z p]=m$ by a well-m\nt$ horseman4,d4 ,s4 #eje ,accord+ to ,hyde's v]sion ,goje/ah1 or ,gosakhtah1 became ! devil1 because he laps$ f ! tru? & less5$ x4 ,:5 he saw he _h to cont5d aga9/ ! tru?1 he fell pro/rate 9 a/oni%m5t dur+ a ?\s& ye>s1 & d>$ n v5ture to approa* ! _w1 b rema9$ groan+ & trembl+ 9 8 own place4 ,i _c f9d ?is tradition 9 ! ,z5d-,ave/a1 accord+ to :i*1 ,bomasp is ! demon ( falsehood4 ,on ! au?ority ( ,,gate #ia1 ,i pref] read+ ,gokha/ah to ,kusa/ah1 or 8! brok540 ,hyde 7p4 #ahj7 m5tions t ! ,indo-,p]sians reckon ,gegje/a ,ghanm9u ! imm$iate m9i/] ( ,ahriman4,d4 ,s4 #ejf ,accord+ to an anci5t cu/om :i* is obs]v$ ev5 9 our days1 ! m\? ( a dy+ ,p>s is appli$ to t ( a dog1 :o is to receive ! man's la/ brea?4 ,?is cu/om may h occasion$ ! belief t ! ,p]sians let dogs dev\r _! sick & dy+4 ,s says ,h]odotus 7l4 ,,iii472 ,/rabo 7l4 ,,xi47 names ! ,bactrians & ,sogdians z fe$+ = ?is purpose c]ta9 dogs1 :om !y call 8buri]s ( ! dead20 ,cic]o 7,tusc41 l4 ,,xlv7 m5tions ! same ( ! ,hyrcanians4 ,c]ta9ly1 diff]5t cu/oms prevail$ 9 diff]5t times among ! num]\s nations :o inhabit$ ! va/ empire ( ,p]sia3 h5ce may be expla9$ ! v>i\s & sometimes contradictory acc\nts ( anci5t au?ors ^: affirmation1 d5ial1 & sil5ce1 ) respect to a p>ticul> fact1 may h[ev]1 9 _m in/ances1 ) equal tru? b ) due re/riction1 be appli$ to p>ticul> places & epo*s4,a4 ,t4 #ejg ,! ,p>sis1 f ! mo/ anci5t to our times1 nei!r bury nor burn _! dead1 b expose !m to be dev\r$ by birds & wild bea/s4 ,!y fe> to pollute ! e>? & ! fire1 :i* !y hold sacr$4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 well e/abli%$ t !y built =m]ly v magnific5t sepul*res = k+s & em95t m51 to :om probably ! privilege ( su* monum5tal graves 0 conf9$4,a4 ,t4 #ejh ,! read+s 9 ! manuscript & pr9t$ copy are bo? errone\s2 !re=e ,y>%anom1 ,pituft ,ira%1 & ,tipat ,b>a% h1 on ! au?ority ( ,anquetil ,du ,p]ron1 be5 *ang$ into ,b>a%nom1 & ,patet ,iran4 #eji ,among ! animals1 c[s1 %eep1 & f[ls are p>ticul>ly specifi$4,d4 ,s4 #eaj ,= ,e%em ,vehu1 see ,,gate #bb4 #eaa ,! same is said ( ,mohamm$1 see note1 p4 #c4 #eab ,if ! epo* ( ,kaom>s be adopt$ accord+ to ,f]dusi1 #cebi ,b4 ,c41 t ( ,zoroa/] w\ld be #ebi ye>s be=e our era4 ,9 ! ,mojmel al ,tav>ikh 7,i,vth *apt]1 ^u ! *ronology ( ! philosoph]s & "s k+s ( ,rm7 x is /at$ t1 s9ce ,zoroa/] appe>$1 #agjj ye>s _h elaps$ to ! "t ( ! au?or1 :o wrote 9 ! ye> #aecj ( ! ,hejira1 or ,a4 ,d4 #aabf2 !re=e ,zoroa/] w\ld h liv$ #egd ye>s ,b4 ,c4 ,if ! #agjj ye>s be tak5 = lun> ye>s1 ! epo* w\ld answ] to #ebb be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4,a4 ,t4 #eac ,= ,pvyb1 or accord+ to ,anquetil du ,p]ron1 ,padiav wat]1 see ,,gate #ed4 ,?is ^w may p]haps be d]iv$ f ! ,sanskrit p1 8to purify20 pavitra1 8pure20 pavitram1 8wat]1 ra91 cleans+ 9 g5]al1 a sacrificial implem5t40,a4 ,t4 #ead ,= ,ad> ,behrm1 or ! fire ( ,behram1 see note on ,,gate #ec4 ,in/ead ( ,v> ,behrm & ,vr ,behrm ( ! manuscript1 & ,v>*ram ( ! edit4 ( ,calcutta1 ,ad> ,behrm has be5 adopt$ on ,hyde's au?ority4,d4 ,s4 #eae ,bahrm is ! mo/ active ( ! ,iz$s1 ! k+ ( all ! be+s2 ) a cele/ial body1 receiv+ 8 glory & spl5dor f ,ormuzd1 he presides ov] ! #bj? day ( ! mon?2 he be/[s heal? & victory1 & combats ! ,dvs4 ,he appe>s "u ! =m ( a "y man ( fifte5 ye>s1 & "u ^? ( diff]5t animals2 t ( a cock has already be5 m5tion$ 7see note1 p4 #cbd72 he appe>s besides z a bull1 a horse1 a camel1 a ram1 a he-goat1 a lamb4 ,he is also id5tifi$ ) ! planet ,m>s1 & acts a great "p 9 ! anci5t hi/ory ( ,p]sia4 ,see ,z&-,ave/a1 t4 ,i4 #b4 ,p4 pp4 #hc4 #hf4 #ia2 t4 ,,ii4 pp4 #ih4 #bhg4 #bhi4 #bij4 #bid4 #cba4 #cef4 & 9 o!r places4,a4 ,t4 #eaf ,! ,calcutta edition reads ,pmasdm2 ! above agrees ne>ly ) ! "n giv5 by ,anquetil1 :i* is ,hamespe?mdem4 ,! o!r names ( ! ,gahamb>s1 accord+ to ! spell+ ( t au?or1 are1 f ! fir/ to ! fif?1 z foll[3 ,m$oz]em1 ,m$o%em1 ,petes*em1 ,ea?rem1 & ,mdarem4 ,! /atem5t relative to ^! six fe/ivals1 z conta9$ 9 ! ,afrn ( ! ,gahamb> ,z5d-,ave/a1 t4 ,,ii4 pp4 #hb-hg7 co9cides ) t ( ! ,dabi/n4 ,ormuzd himself holds out remun]ations to ^? :o rightly celebrate ea* ( ^! days1 & condign puni%m5ts to ^? :o neglect ! prescrib$ obs]vances4,a4 ,t4 #eag ,9 ! ,ardi ,viraf nameh we read1 t ! riv] ( hell1 mo/ black & frigid1 is made ( ! te>s ( ^? :o m\rn = ! dead2 to ! surviv+ fri5ds sil5ce & pi\s mussitation 9 rememb]+ ! m]its ( ! dead are recomm5d$4,a4 ,t4 #eah ,see note1 p4 #aje4 #eai ,no?+ exi/$ be=e ! fir/ pr9ciple began ! "w ( creation2 ?is pr9ciple is call$ 9 ! ,bun-,dehe% ,z>uam ak>51 8! b\ndless "t20 t is1 8s9e extremitatibus ant]ioribus et po/]ioribus40 ,di/9ct f x is 8! long "t10 :i* is said to be creat$ by ,god1 & n 8self-exi/+0 z ! fir/4 ,among ! productions ( ?is fir/ pr9ciple1 "s are 8self-creat+10 su* z ,ormuzd & ,ahriman 7see note1 pp4 #bce-bcf72 o!rs act only ^u :at exi/s already1 su* z ! ?ree sub/ances! primordial light1 ! primordial wat]1 & ! primordial fire4 ,?is is ! doctr9e express$ 9 ,z&1 ,pehlvi1 & ! mo/ anci5t ,p]sian books4 ,! above /atem5t ab\t ! et]nal exi/5ce ( ! heav5s seems !re=e n 9 accordance ) x4 ,! ,abdians or ! ,kaiom>sins ackn[l$g$ ! good pr9ciple "u ! "n ( ,yezdan1 & ! bad pr9ciple "u t ( ,ahriman2 b !y believ$ t ! fir/ only 0 f et]nity1 & n ! la/2 or 9 o!r t]ms1 t light only 0 et]nal & d>kness creat$4 ,! cosmogony ( ?is sect 0 ! same z t relat$ 9 ! ,bun-,dehe%1 or z t ( ,zoroa/]2 x is briefly z foll[s3 ,! primordial bull 0 ! pr9ciple ( all irrational creatures z well z ( ! human race4 ,accord+ to ! ,ize%n & ! ,bun-,dehe%1 ! primitive man came =? f ! side ( ! bull2 he 0 call$ 9 ,z& gaya m]eta1 & 9 ,pehlvi gayo m>d2 a ^w comp\nd$ ( gaya1 8bull or life10 & ( mrta1 8mortal10 or 8man20 h5ce came ,gayom>s1 or ,kaom>s1 ! "n ( a mo/ anci5t ,p]sian k+ 7see note1 p4 #bi74 ,f ! se$ ( ,gayom>d sprung a tree :i* 0 %ap$ l two m51 & ! fruit ( :i* compris$ t5 diff]5t species ( m52 f ^! two bodies came ! tw9s ,me%ia & ,me%ian1 man & woman1 ! ance/ors ( mank9d4 ,al?\gh creat$ = happ9ess1 !y 7 s$uc$ by ,ahriman1 & av]t$ f ! adoration ( ,ormuzd2 !y w&]$ 9 ! wild]ness1 7 addict$ to hunt+1 clad 9 sk9s ( animals1 & _! po/]ity peopl$ ! e>?4 ,b ,ormuzd did n =sake 8 creatures4 ,9 ord] to emancipate !m f ! rule ( ,ahriman1 he de/9$ to !m 8 ^w1 ! law ( ,z>tu%t1 :o always exi/$1 b 8 f]u]1 t is1 8! ideal ( 8 p]fection10 0 to be produc$ by ,z>du%t's fire4 ,he 0 to be prec$$ by ,hom1 ! fir/ apo/le ( ! law1 :om ,jem%id foll[$4 ,?is k+ & prophet erect$ b few fire-temples2 mank9d v5]at$ ! elem5ts & ! />s1 n )\t a numb] ( evil g5ii1 & a gross sup]/ition began to prevail4 ,= oppos+ ?is & r5ew+ ! primitive law1 ,z>du%t appe>$4,a4 ,t4 #ebj ,x appe>s q con=mable ) true psy*ology to d]ive ! orig9 ( ! evil _s f jeal\sy1 z 0 said 9 ! note at p4 #bcf1 or f appreh5sion1 d\bt1 suspicion1 or envy1 z above4,a4 ,t4 #eba ,accord+ to ! ,b\n ,dehe% 7,z5d-,ave/a1 t4 ,,ii4 pp4 #cdg-cdh71 ,ormuzd w dur+ ?ree ?\s& ye>s move alone2 dur+ ?ree o!r ?\s& ye>s1 8 op]ations w be bl5d$ ) ^? ( 8 adv]s>y2 ! subsequ5t ?ree ?\s& ye>s w belong to ,ahriman2 & 9 ! la/ ?ree1 complet+ ! p]iod ( twelve ?\s& ye>s1 ! au?or ( evil %all disappe>2 & at ! resurrection ( ! dead & ! r5ewal ( ! bodiesprevi\s to :i* ev5t are to appe> ! ?ree po/hum\s sons ( ,zoroa/] 7see note1 pp4 #bha-bhb7! _w %all be )\t evil dur+ all ages4 ,! ultimate fate ( ,ahriman is /at$ 9 ! ,v5didad ,sad ,ize%n & ,visp]$1 z foll[s 7,z5d-,ave/a1 t4 ,i4 #b4 ,p4 p4 #afi73 8,t unju/1 t impure be+1 :o is a ,div b 9 8 ?\ghts2 t d>k k+ ( ! ,d>w&s1 :o und]/&s no?+ b evil2 he %all1 at ! resurrection1 recite ! ,ave/a1 & n only himself practise ! law ( ,ormuzd1 b e/abli% x ev5 9 ! habitations ( ! ,d>w&s40 ,moreov] x is said 7,z5d-,ave/a1 t4 ,,ii4 pp4 #dae-daf71 t ,ahriman1 t ly+ s]p5t1 %all at ! end ( ages be purifi$ by fire1 z well z ! e>? be fre$ f ! d>k abode ( hell2 ,ormuzd & ,ahriman1 accompani$ by all ! good & evil g5ii1 %all s+ ! praises ( ! au?or ( all good40,a4 ,t4 #ebb ,zd & ,amru are two names :i* gramm>ians use 9 giv+ an example = any two individuals1 su* z may be said ,a4 & ,b4,a4 ,t4 #ebc ,! au?or ( ! ,dabi/n names no o!r fam\s tea*]s or sect>ies ( ,magism1 aft] ! dea? ( ,zoroa/]1 besides ,ardai ,viraf1 ,az>bd1 & ,mazdak3 he treats ( ?is la/ 9 p>ticul> 9 ! subsequ5t section1 previ\sly to :i* we _c omit adv]t+ to ,mani or ,manes1 ^: "n occurs 9 ?is book b once occasionally1 z t ( a pa9t] 7see note1 p4 #bje74 ,he is h[ev] mu* m reput$ z ! f\nd] ( a new doctr9e1 call$ f him ,mani*ism1 :i* spread its ramifications widely ?r\gh ! ,*ri/ian _w4 ,accord+ to sev]al au?ors1 ,mani 0 a ,*ri/ian prie/1 & pret5d$ to act ! "p ( ,p>aclet1 ! ann\nc$ successor to ,jesus ,*ri/2 accord+ to ,khondemir1 he endeavor$ to sub/itute himself = ,mohamm$1 to :om t prophecy respect+ a ,p>aclet 0 appli$ by ! ,muselmans4 ,h[ev] x be1 ,mani's ,enghelion1 or ,gospel1 has n be5 pres]v$1 nor any o!r "w writt5 by himself2 ! books ( 8 foll[]s too1 su* z c\ld be f\nd1 7 burnt4 ,8 religion is /at$ to h be5 a mixture ( ,magism1 ,brahmanism or ,buddhism1 ,judaism1 & ,*ri/ianism2 ,%ahri/ani1 (t5 quot$ 9 ?is "w1 & ,mohamm$ ,ibn el ,n$im el ,w]rak1 au?or ( ! ,fehri/ 7a hi/ory ( lit]ature71 agree 9 repres5t+ 8 doctr9e z a bran* ( ,magism ) "s ,*ri/ianism +raft$ ^u x4 ,! two po9ts attribut$ to ,mani by ! comm5tator ( ! ,destir1 namely1 ! p]mission to kill h>mless animals1 & ! prohibition ( sexual int]c\rse1 belong r to ! e?ical or practical1 ?an to ! !ological1 "p ( 8 religion1 :i* di/+ui%$ itself by p>ticul> dogmas & op9ions relative to ! duality ( pr9ciple1 good & bad1 light & d>kness1 involv+ o!r metaphysical que/ions4 ,^!1 we "k1 7 common to o!r religions 9 all times4 ,be=e ,manes1 ,*ri/ian sects comb9$ ! said pr9ciples ) ! dogmas ( _! religion3 s did ! foll[]s ( ,basilides1 ,m>cion1 ,b>desanes1 ,val5tius1 & o!rs4 ,^!1 z well z aft] !m ! disciples ( ,manes1 happ5 to be n seldom conf\nd$ ) ! ,gno/ics1 :i* "n 0 appli$ to diff]5t sect>ies1 *iefly ,neo-platonics1 f ! e>lie/ to lat] times ( ,*ri/ianism4 ,! ,mani*ans reject$ ! ,old ,te/am5t entirely1 & p>tly ! ,new1 :i* !y int]pret$ accord+ to _! op9ion4 ,!y disput$ ab\t ! nature ( ,jesus1 & modifi$ ,*ri/ian !ology2 !y believ$ a region inhabit$ by ,god & ! pure spirits1 prior to ! creation2 a _w1 creat$ ( an et]nal & self-exi/+ matt]2 t5 heav5s & eight e>?s2 two empires1 ! "o ( light & ! o!r ( d>kness2 ! la/1 rul$ by ! great ,"l1 call$ 8matt]20 demons ) mat]ial s\ls & bodies2 ! s\l no "p ( ! div9ty1 b unit$ ) ! body to gov]n x2 two s\ls 9 e man2 ! propagation ( s\ls2 a transmigration ( s\ls into animals2 ! />s1 & e ?+ 9 nature1 ev5 ! /ones1 animat$2 ! rotundity ( heav5 & ( ! e>?2 antipodes2 & o!r !ses too _m to be all enum]at$ 9 ?is place4 ,!y _h besides p>ticul> rites ( wor%ip1 f :i* ! v5]ation ( ! sun1 ! moon1 & o!r />s1 0 n exclud$2 !y 7 av]se to matrimony1 & g5]ally au/]e 9 _! mann]s4 ,see ab\t ?is ext5sive subject ! ,mmoires ( ! le>n$ ,abb ,f\*]1 9 ! ,hi/4 de l',acad4 ,royale des ,insc4 et ,belles-,lett41 t4 xxix1 & ! "w quot$1 ,hi/4 crit4 de ,mani*e1 by ,beausobre4,a4 ,t4 ,,! ,,fifte5? ,,section ,,gives ,,an ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,,t5ets ,,held ,,by ,,! ,,foll[]s ,,( ,,mazdak4,mazdak 0 a holy & le>n$ man1 contempor>y ) k+ ,kobad2 8 religion 0 ext5sively diffus$1 b he 0 at la/ put to dea? by ! illu/ri\s ,nu%irvan2 8 t5ets 7 z foll[3 f ! comm5cem5t )\t beg9n+1 ! _w _h two creators2 ! ag5t ( good1 ,yazdan1 8,god10 or 8light20 & ! ag5t ( evil1 ,ahriman1 or 8d>kness40 ,! supreme ,god is ! au?or ( good1 & f him proce$s no?+ b good2 consequ5tly1 intellig5ces1 s\ls1 heav5s1 & />s are 8 creation1 9 all :i* ,ahriman has no %>e :atev]2 ! elem5ts & _! comb9ations are1 9 l mann]1 ! productions ( ! ,"l2 ! influ5ce ( fire imp>ts w>m? to ^? /rick5 ) cold2 ! brea?+ ( ! w9ds gives coolness & ease to ^? consum$ by heat2 ! wat] satisfies ^? p>*$ ) ?ir/2 ! e>? is ! place ( ambulation4 ,9 l mann]1 _! comb9ations1 su* z gold & silv] among m9]als2 ! fruit-be>+ trees among vegetables2 ! ox1 horse1 %eep1 & camel1 ( animals2 ! pi\s & b5efic5t among mank9d1 are 8 creation3 b ! consum+ ( animals by fire2 ! de/ruction ( liv+ creatures by ! sultry simoom 7w9d72 ! f\nd]+ ( %ips 9 floods2 ! cutt+ bodies asund] by iron1 or _! be+ prick$ by ?orns2 rapaci\s & noxi\s animals1 su* z lions1 tig]s1 scorpions1 s]p5ts1 & ! l1 are all ! works ( ,ahriman2 & z he has no %>e 9 ! empyreal heav51 !y /yle x ,behi%t2 b z he possesses a jo9t au?ority 9 ! elem5tal _w1 opposition has consequ5tly aris51 & no =m subsi/+ 9 x is possess$ ( p]man5t duration4 ,= example3 ! ,almighty be/[s life1 & ,ahriman puts to dea?2 life is ! creation ( ,god1 dea? t ( ,ahriman2 ,god produc$ heal?1 ,ahriman1 pa9 & disease2 ! ,be/[] ( bless+s creat$ p>adise1 ,ahriman1 hell2 ! wor%ip ( ! ,"l is !re=e mo/ meet1 z 8 k+dom is imm5se2 & ,ahriman has no p[]1 except 9 ! elem5tal _w2 9 ! next place1 ! _s ( e "o devot$ to ,god asc5ds on high1 b t ( ,ahriman's s]vants abides 9 hell4 ,wisdom !re=e requires ! man ( intellig5ce to sep>ate himself f ! ,ahrimans2 = al?\gh ! au?or ( evil may afflict su* a p]son1 yet on be+ deliv]$ f ! body1 8 s\l asc5ds to ,heav51 :i!r ,ahriman has n ! p[] ( com+4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ! ,desnad1#ebd ,mazdak says3 8,exi/5ce arises f two pr9ciples or s\rces1 ,%d & ,tr10 i4 e43 #8light' & #8d>kness1' :i* he aft]w>ds int]prets to mean ,god & ,ahriman4 ,he aft]w>ds says3 8,! works ( light result f *oice1 b ^? ( d>kness f accid5t2 light is endu$ ) k & s5sation1 d>kness is ignorant2 ! mixture ( light & d>kness is accid5tal1 & ! dis5gagem5t ( light f d>kness is also accid5tal1 & n ! result ( *oice2 :atev] is good 9 ?is _w is an advantage emanat+ f light1 :il/ evil & corruption arise f d>kness2 :5 ! p>ts ( light are sep>at$ f d>kness1 ! comp\nd becomes dissolv$1 :i* means resurrection40 ,aga91 he says 9 ! same volume3 8,!re are ?ree roots1 or pr9ciples3 wat]1 fire1 & e>?2 :5 ^! are bl5d$ toge!r1 ! t5d5cy to good or evil aris+ f _! mixture is also accid5tal2 :atev] results f _! pure/ p>ts t5ds to good1 & :atev] is d]iv$ f _! gross] p>ts t5ds to evil40 ,he says 9 ! same volume3 8,god is seat$ on a ?rone 9 ! _w1 ! s\rce ( all ?+s1 j z k+s are on ! ?rone ( sov]eignty 9 ! l[] _w4 ,9 8 pres5ce are ! f\r en]gies1 namely1 ,bzku%1 or #8p[] ( discrim9ation2' ,yddah1 or #8p[] ( memory2' ,dn1 or #8faculty ( compreh5sion2' & ,sur1 or #8gladness2' 9 l mann] z ! affairs ( royalty turn on f\r p]sons3 8! ,supreme ,pontiff1 ! pr9cipal ,hirbud1 ! comm&] 9 *ief ( ! =ces1 & ! ma/] ( ! revels4 ,& ^! f\r p]sons conduct ! affairs ( ! _w ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( sev5 o!rs1 inf]ior to !m 9 rank1 namely1 *iefta91 adm9i/rator1 ,banr1#ebe ,dairvn 7head ( a mona/]y71 ag5t1 ,do/r1 & slave2 :i* sev5 *>act]s compreh5d "u !m ! twelve ,rawn1 or #8orbits' ( spirits1 namely3 ! speak]1 giv]1 tak]1 be>]1 eat]1 runn]1 graz]1 slay]1 smit]1 com]1 go]1 & abid]4 ,:atev] man unites 9 himself ! f\r en]gies1 ! sev5 ag5ts1 & ! twelve qualities1 becomes 9 ?is l[] _w l a creator or protector1 & is deliv]$ f all k9ds ( emb>rassm5t40 ,x is also /at$ 9 ! same volume3 8,:atev] is n accord+ ) ! light & agrees ) d>kness1 becomes wra?1 de/ruction1 & discord4 ,& :]eas almo/ all cont5tions among mank9d h be5 caus$ by ri*es & wom51 x is !re=e necess>y to emancipate ! female sex & h weal? 9 common3 he !re=e made all m5 p>tn]s 9 ri*es & wom52 j z !y are ( fire1 wat]1 & grass10 ,9 ! same volume we f9d3 8,x is a great inju/ice t "o man's wife %\ld be altoge!r beautiful1 :il/ ano!r's is q ! contr>y2 x !re=e becomes imp]ative1 on ! score ( ju/ice & true religion1 = a good man to resign 8 lovely wife = a %ort "t to 8 neighb\r1 :o has "o bo? evil & ugly2 & also take to himself = a %ort "t 8 neighb\r's de=m$ consort40 ,mazdak has also said3 8,x is altoge!r repreh5sible & improp] t "o man %\ld hold a di/+ui%$ rank1 & ano!r rema9 poor & de/itute ( res\rces3 x is !re=e incumb5t on ! believ] to divide 8 weal? ) 8 coreligioni/2 & s taught ! religion ( ,z>du%t1 t he %\ld ev5 s5d 8 wife to visit him1 t he may n be depriv$ ( female society4 ,b if 8 coreligioni/ %\ld prove unable to acquire weal?1 or %[ pro(s ( extravagance1 infatuation1 or insanity1 he is to be conf9$ to ! h\se1 & measures adopt$ to provide him ) food1 clo?+1 & all ?+s requisite3 :oev] ass5ts n to ^! arrangem5ts is consequ5tly a foll[] ( ,ahriman's1 & !y get contributions f him by compulsion40 ,f>hd1 ,%rb1 & ,ay9 ,ho%pyr adopt$ ?is cre$2 besides ^!1 ,muhamm$ ,kl ! ,kurd1 ,ismail ,bg1 ! ,georgian1 & ,ahmadai ( ,tiran 7a village ne> ,ispahan7 possess$ ?is fai?4 ,f !m x has be5 asc]ta9$1 t ! foll[]s ( ,mazdak d n at pres5t assume ! dress ( ,geb]s1 b practise _! religion secretly among ! ,muhamm$ans4 ,!y also %[$ ! au?or ! volume ( ,mazdak1 call$ ! ,desnad1 writt5 9 old ,p]sian1 :i* ,ay9 ,%akib1 ! gr&fa!r ( ,ay9 ,ho%1 translat$ into popul> ,p]sian4 ,f>hod 0 a man ( great intellig5ce1 & assum$ ! "n ( ,muhamm$ ,said ,beg among ! ,muhamm$ans3 ,%irab w5t "u ! "n ( ,%ir ,muhamm$1 & ,ay9 ,ho% "u t ( ,muhamm$ ,akil2 & z !y 7 em95t 9 _! peculi> sci5ce1 !y possess$ ! volume call$ ! ,desnd4 ,su* is ! detail$ acc\nt ( ! ,p>si sy/ems1 agreeably to ! promise made 9 ! beg9n+ ( ?is "w1 into :i* n a s+le "o has be5 admitt$ :i* has n ei!r be5 tak5 f _! own books1 or he>d f ! foll[]s ( ! respective cre$s1 z _! enemies h1 f ho/ile motives1 falsely ascrib$ to !m v>i\s errone\s doctr9es4#ebf #ebd ,desnad1 ! volume :i* conta9s ! doctr9es ( ,mazdak4,d4 ,s4 #ebe ,a ^w n 9 ! diction>ies2 if d]ivable f bna1 8an arr[10 x may signify 8an ar*]1 head-ar*]20 if f bn1 8spee*10 x may be 8a speak]1 an orator40,a4 ,t4 #ebf ,?is fir/ *apt] ( ! ,dabi/n1 "h f9i%$1 repres5ts ! ,sabismus1 or ! wor%ip ( ! heav5ly bodies1 & ! =mation ( society by a race ( k+s1 call$ ! ,mhbdins1 :o 7 succe$$ by ! ,p%ddins1 & o!r kn[n dyna/ies ( ! ,p]sian k+s4 ,we see laid d[n ! pr9cipal features ( ,asiatic mon>*ies :i* h be5 pres]v$ f times immemorial to our days4 ,! ,dabi/n1 x is true1 bl5ds ! ideas ( m rec5t epo*s ) ^? ( ! highe/ antiquity1 & introduces sects ( lat] times1 ! orig9 ( :i* he traces back to ! times ( ,abd1 ,h%ang1 & ,zohk4 ,x is h[ev] cle>1 t a v anci5t religion prevail$ 9 ,asia1 consi/+ ( two pr9cipal po9ts3 ! fir/ 0 ! adoration ( ! ,creator ( all good1 ^: unity 0 ackn[l$g$ v e>ly by ! enlight5$ class ( m52 ! second po9t 0 ! dete/ation ( ! au?or ( all physical & moral evil4 ,?is religion inculcat$ purity ( ?\ghts1 words1 & actions1 & a t5d] reg>d = animal life2 n )\t a great numb] ( liturgical rites1 dietetical obs]vances1 & o!r regulat+ cu/oms 9 private & public4 ,we may comprise "u ! g5]al "n ( 8,magismus0 ! f\rte5 religions m5tion$ 9 ?is *apt]1 ! la/ b "o ( :i*1 namely1 t ( ,z>du%t1 appe>s to h be5 b a new sy/ematic arrangem5t1 n )\t a p>tial re=m1 ( ! old g5]al religion ( ,asia1 :i* has also be5 attribut$ to a m anci5t ,z>du%t4 ,! duality ( pr9ciple 7good & bad7 seems to come home to ! common feel+ ( mank9d2 b x implies metaphysical que/ions ab\t ! creation1 ant]iority1 po/]iority1 d]ivation & duration ( light & d>kness1 ab\t :i* ! diff]5t sects are divid$ by _! dogmas & op9ions4 ,t ( ! ,z>du%tins d]iv$ f ,god light & d>kness1 & consid]$ ! la/ z a %ad[ insep>able f ! body4 ,z>du%t 0 a duali/1 inasmu* z he adopt$ light & d>kness1 z two et]nal pr9ciples oppos$ to ea* o!r1 & also inasmu* z he taught two imm$iate au?ors ( good & evil1 :o 7 indep5d5t (1 & absolutely contr>y to1 ea* o!r3 b he 0 an unit>ian1 inasmu* z he subord9at$ ^! au?ors to ! et]nal decrees ( ! ,supreme ,be+1 :o to him 0 ! only pr9ciple ( ! univ]se1 ) respect n only to its orig9al creation1 b also to all its physical & moral accid5ts4 ,al?\gh subdivid$ into sects1 ,z>du%t's religion appe>s to h be5 dom9ant1 until ! =cible introduction ( ,muhamm$anism among ! ,p]sians1 & zeal\sly support$ by ! prea*+ ( f\r wise m51 call$ ,ssn1 :o liv$ f #bdj to #fdc ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,"h foll[ ! pr9cipal epo*s ( ! ,z>du%tin religion f ! "t ( ,gu%tasp to ! end ( ! anci5t ,p]sian mon>*y3 ,,! ,,reigns ,,( ,,accord+ ,,to ,,f]dusi4 ,i4 ,,gu%tasp f #feb to #eje ,b4 ,c4 ,!n liv$ ,z>du%t4 ,,ii4 ,,alex&] #ccg-cbc id4 ,! ,fir/ ,ssan 7,destir1 pp4 #ahe4 #ahf74 ,,iii4 ,,arde%ir ,,babegan #bjj-bdj ,a4 ,d4 ,arda ,viraf4 ,,iv4 ,,%apur ,,ii #bdj-bga id4 ,arzabad1 ! son ( ,m>asf&1 ,ssan ,,ii4 7,dest1 p4 #ahh47 ,v4 ,,bahram1 ! son ( ,mani4 ,hormuzd #bgb-bgf id4 ,,vi4 ,,kobad #dhh-eca id4 ,ssan ,,iii4 ,mazdak4 ,,vii4 ,,khosru ,,p>vis #eia-fbh id4 ,! ,f\r? & ! ,,viii4 ,,yezdej]d #fcb-feb id4 ,fif? ,ssan4 ,a4 ,t4 ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,volume4 ,,errata4 ,p4 #ca 7note7 la/ l9e4 ,in/ead ( 8,he10 read 8,hu%ang40 ,?is "p ( ! note1 to beg9 f 8,hu%ang10 ought to h be5 plac$ high] up1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! la/ p>agraph1 be=e 8,jem%id10 also call$ 8,jem%>40 ,p4 #eg 7note7 l4 #e4 ,in/ead ( 8assum$ by10 read 8giv5 to40 ,,p>is3 ,pr9t$ by ,madame ,ve ,,dondey-,,dupr1 #df1 rue ,/-,l\is1 au ,m>ais4 ,transcrib] ,note3 ,?is book 0 writt5 9 a p]iod :5 _m words _h n become /&>diz$ 9 _! spell+4 ,words & names h multiple spell+ v>iations1 inconsi/5t hyph5ation & inconsi/5t acc5t m>ks4 ,misspell$ words 9 ,engli%1 ,greek1 ,p]sian & ,sanskrit 7 left un*ang$4 ,acc5t m>ks = translit]ations ( ,p]sian & ,s&skrit 7 /&>diz$ ) acc5ts plac$ above v[els1 & lett]s d1 t1 & s2 a high comma prec$es aspirat$ consonants1 su* z h1 d1 t1 & s4 ,words 9 italics are surr\nd$ by und]scores1 l ?is4 ,sup]scripts are )9 braces1 prec$$ by a c>at1 e4 g4 #a;er4 ,duplicate words 7 remov$4 ,obvi\s pr9t+ errors1 su* z upside d[n1 backw>ds1 or miss+ lett]s1 & lett]s 9 ! wrong ord]1 7 correct$4 ,spaces 7 add$ or remov$ betwe5 words1 z appropriate4 ,quotation m>ks & p>5!ses 7 adju/$ to /&>d usage4 ,miss+ /ops 7 add$ to abbreviations & ends ( s5t5ces4 ,miss+ commas 7 add$ betwe5 items 9 li/s4 ,commas 7 *ang$ to /ops at ends ( s5t5ces4 ,footnotes 7 numb]$ sequ5tially & 7 mov$ to ! end ( ! section 9 :i* !y occurr$4 ,an*ors = ,footnotes #fi1 #he1 #aib1 #cfd1 #dgi1 #dhb1 #dhi are miss+ 9 ! orig9al2 = #fi1 #he1 #cfd1 #dhi1 an*ors 7 add$ :]e !y likely belong$4 ,location = an*ors #aib & #dhb c\ld n be det]m9$4 ,!re are two an*ors to ,footnotes #aag1 #ach1 & #bcb4 ,not$1 n *ang$3 ,! ^w 8ibid0 occasionally is n 9 italics4 ,,iiit] ,bu*1 %\ld be des ,,iiit5 ,bu*es1 footnote #hg4 ,= consi/5cy1 p>agraph numb] ,v41 %\ld be #e41 on page clxiv4 ,! ^w 8sir0 is occasionally l[] case z a title4 ,dots 7 us$ in/ead ( ditto m>ks 9 footnote #dii4 ,page cite 9 footnote #aje %\ld be #acd1 n #aij1 z pr9t$4 ,9 ! errata at ! end ( ! book1 ,p4 #ca 7note7 ref]s to footnote #bef1 & ,p4 #eg 7note7 ref]s to footnote #bib4 ,o!r *anges3 ,remov$ extrane\s comma betwe5 8latt] =m$10 page lii4 ,*ang$ semicolon to full /op aft] 8,ea/ ,india ,company10 page clxxxix4 ,*ang$ colon to semicolon aft] ! ^w 8complet$10 page #bj4 ,*ang$ colon to semicolon 9 s]ies ( phrases 9 ! quotation on page #aej4 ,*ang$ /op to colon1 ?ird p>agraph1 page #aif4