,,an ,,apology ,,= ,,! ,,col\r+ ,,( ,,! ,,greek ,,c\rt ,,9 ,,! ,,cry/al ,,palace4 ,,by ,,ow5 ,,jones4 ,illu/ration ,,cry/al ,,palace ,,libr>y2 ,,& ,,bradbury ,,evans1 #aa1 ,,b\v]ie ,,/reet1 ,,london4 #ahed4 ,,bradbury ,,& ,,evans1 ,,pr9t]s ,,to ,,! ,,cry/al ,,palace ,,company1 ,,:itefri>s4 ,,an ,,apology ,,= ,,! ,,col\r+ ,,( ,,! ,,greek ,,c\rt4 ,,by ,,ow5 ,,jones4 ,,) ,,argum5ts ,,by ,g4 ,h4 ,,lewes ,,& ,w4 ,,watkiss ,,lloyd1 ,,an ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,report ,,( ,,! ,,committee ,,appo9t$ ,,to ,,exam9e ,,! ,,elg9 ,,m>bles ,,9 #ahcf1 ,,f ,,! ,,transactions ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,in/itute ,,( ,,briti% ,,ar*itects1 ,,& ,a ,,fragm5t ,,on ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,poly*romy1 ,,by ,,pr(essor ,,semp]4 ,,an ,,apology ,,= ,,! ,,col\r+ ,,( ,,! ,,greek ,,c\rt4 ,! col\r$ or col\rless /ate ( ! monum5ts ( ! ,greeks1 & m p>ticul>ly ( _! monum5tal sculpture1 has long be5 a subject ( discussion 9 ! _w ( art2 a discussion :i*1 al?\gh x may h be5 c>ri$ on ) too mu* fai? on ! "o side1 has c]ta9ly be5 accompani$1 on ! o!r1 ) too mu* prejudice4 ,at a v e>ly /age 9 ! arrangem5ts = =m+ 9 ! ,cry/al ,palace a s]ies ( reproductions ( ar*itectural monum5ts1 ,i felt t to col\r a ,greek monum5t w\ld be "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ problems ,i c\ld und]take2 n inde$ 9 ! hope t ,i might be able completely to solve x1 b t ,i might1 at lea/1 by ! exp]im5t remove ! prejudices ( _m4 ,i felt p]suad$ t :5 we _h a ,greek monum5t plac$ side by side ) reproductions ( o!r col\r$ monum5ts1 ! au?orities = :i* 7 indisputable1 p w\ld be m will+ to recognise ! necessity = believ+ t ! monum5ts ( ,greece 7 no exceptions to ^? ( civilisations :i* prec$$ or foll[$ !m1 b t !y also l ! re/ 7 col\r$ 9 e "p1 & cov]$ ) a mo/ elaborate sy/em ( ornam5tation4 ,s e>ly z ! publication ( ! 8,antiquities ( ,a!ns10 by ,/u>t & ,revett1 ! traces ( ornam5ts on ! m\ld+s ( ! ,greek temples 7 kn[n & publi%$ by !m1 "s ( ! pa9t$ ornam5ts1 h[ev]1 :i* !y f\nd1 be+ engrav$ 9 _! "w z if 9 relief2 b arti/s 7 = long aft] unwill+ to accept ^! fragm5ts z evid5ce t an entire sy/em ( ornam5tation prevail$ on ! ,greek build+s4 ,! late ,jules ,g\ry & ,pr(essor ,semp]1 f :om w be f\nd a pap] on ,poly*romy 9 ! ,app5dix1 7 among/ ! e>lie/ to direct att5tion to ?is subject2 b ! mo/ dilig5t lab\r] 9 ! field is ,m4 ,hittorff1 ( ,p>is1 :o has devot$ _m ye>s to ! production ( a magnific5t "w1 9 :i* w be f\nd all ! facts t are kn[n1 & a hi/ory ( ! long discussion :i* ?is subject has provok$4 ,mr4 ,p5rose also1 9 8 "w on ! 8,pr9ciples ( ,a!nian ,ar*itecture10 has record$ all t he himself saw1 b is reluctant to believe t any ornam5ts exi/$ :]e traces ( ornam5t c no long] be f\nd4 ,he feels t !re is 8"s slight gr\nd ( evid5ce t a peculi> yell[ t+e ^u "s p>ts ( ! columns1 especially ( ! we/ front ( ! ,p>!non1 is n simply ! yell[ said to result f ! oxidation ( iron conta9$ 9 ,p5telic m>ble1 b has be5 appli$ ext]nally z a t9t1 ?\gh p]haps s delicately z m]ely to r$uce ! high light ( ! m>ble )\t obscur+ its cry/all9e "*40 ,he consid]s x 8unreasonable to suppose t ! anci5ts entirely conceal$1 or ev5 mat]ially alt]$ 9 appe>ance1 ! g5]al surface ( ! :ite m>ble1 :i* !y made a great po9t ( obta9+ :5ev] possible2 b t no "o :o has witness$ ! pa9fully dazzl+ effect ( fre% ,p5telic m>ble "u ! ,a!nian sun w d5y ! arti/ic value ( ton+ d[n ! almo/ pure :ite ( its poli%$ surface1 & ! m s :5 consid]able portions ( ! ar*itecture 7 pa9t$ 9 ! mo/ positive col\rs4 ,we ne$ n suppose10 he says fur!r1 8?is tone to h produc$ m ?an ! diff]5ce betwe5 fre% :ite m>ble & ivory40 ,an exam9ation ( ! facts record$ by ^! v>i\s au?orities w conv9ce any "o t ! "q is n[ n>r[$ to "o ( degree only-- 8,to :at ext5t 7 :ite m>ble temples pa9t$ & ornam5t$80 ,i w\ld ma9ta9 t !y 7 entirely s2 t nei!r ! col\r ( ! m>ble nor ev5 its surface 0 pres]v$2 & t1 prep>atory to ! ornam5t+ & col\r+ ( ! surface1 ! :ole 0 cov]$ ) a ?9 coat+ ( /ucco1 some?+ 9 ! nature ( a gild]'s gr\nd1 to /op ! absorption ( ! col\rs by ! m>ble4 ,! ,egyptians cov]$ _! build+s & /atues 9 a simil> way1 no matt] :at ! mat]ial2 ! ,greek temples1 :i* 7 built ( lime-/one1 7 s und\bt$ly2 ! anci5t ,greek t]ra-cottas almo/ )\t exception h traces ( ?is gr\nd4 ,to ! belief t ! ,greeks employ$ x also on _! m>ble temples1 !re is only "o /umbl+-block--! artificial value :i* :ite m>ble has 9 our eyes4 ,! ,a!nians built ) m>ble because !y f\nd x almo/ b5ea? _! feet1 & also f ! same cause :i* l$ ! ,egyptians to employ granite1 :i* 0 aft]w>ds pa9t$--viz41 because x 0 ! mo/ endur+1 & capable ( receiv+ a high] f9i% ( workman%ip4 ,) ^! high ?\ghts ( p]fection & durability1 !y n only built _! temples ( ,p5telic m>ble1 b pav$ _! c>riage-way to !m ) ! same mat]ial4 ,! ru9 ( ! ,p>!non1 z se5 at ?is day on ! ,acropolis1 ) ! ri* tones :i* ! sun ( c5turies has develop$ ^u x1 is a v diff]5t ?+ f a bran-new :ite m>ble ,p>!non1 ) _m ( its enri*m5ts prov$ to h be5 pick$ out 9 ! /ronge/ col\rs4 ,su* a build+ w\ld h be5 horrible to behold "u any sun1 mu* m "u t ( ,a!ns4 ,c\ld we set aside ! :ole ( ! evid5ce to ! contr>y2 c\ld we =get ! pa9t+s record$ on its cella walls--its int]ior fill$ ) upw>ds ( six hundr$ /atues1 _m ( !m ( colossal dim5sions1 enri*$ ) pa9t+1 ivory1 gold1 & preci\s /ones1 :i* w\ld dem& a f> diff]5t treatm5t ( ! build+ :i* conta9$ !m2 c\ld we =get t :5 a m>ble /atue left ! h& ( ! fir/ ( sculptors1 x pass$ into ! h&s ( an equally celebrat$ encau/ic pa9t] to receive its ultimate f9i%2#a c\ld we =get ! v>ieties ( mat]ial :i* !y comb9$1 c]ta9ly h>moni\sly1 9 ! /atues ( _! gods--! v>ieties ( col\r :i* !y gave to a mat]ial1 by u consid]$ to be s uni=m z bronze1 9 :i* to height5 ! expression !y wi%$ to obta92 7by alloys ( iron1 silv]1 & gold1 us$ on ! v>i\s portions ( a figure1 ! greate/ kn[n sculptors produc$ ! pal5ess ( dea?1--! blu% ( %ame1--! smile on ! m\?1--! fire ( ! eye1 & ! heal?y r$ness ( ! *eek27#b ! ornam5ts ( metal ) :i* _m ( ! m>ble /atues 7 cov]$--e>r+s1 bracelets1 armlets1 s&als1 b&s r\nd ! hair1 cr[ns1 diadems ( pe>ls1 preci\s /ones1 eyes ( silv]1 glass1 & preci\s /ones2 ! metal cr[n ( ! ,laocoon1 ! metal casque ( ! /atue ( ,m>s1 ! metal drap]y ( ! ,ant9\s1 ! e>r+s ( ! ,v5us de' ,m$ici1 or h] gold5 hair2--c\ld we set aside ! evid5ce ei!r ( t :i* is record$1 or ( t :i* may /ill be se51 we %\ld yet h felt t x mu/ h be5 s1 f ! k we h ( ! practice ( ^? civilisations :i* prec$$ & foll[$ t ( ! ,greeks4 ,h[ c "o believe t at "o p>ticul> p]iod 9 ! practice ( ! ,arts1 ! arti/ic eye 0 s entirely *ang$ t x became sudd5ly enam\r$ ( :ite m>ble8 ,su* an idea belongs only to an age l t ?r\gh :i* we h j pass$--an age equally devoid ( ! capacity to appreciate1 & ( ! p[] to execute1 works ( art--:5 refuge is tak5 9 :itewa%+4 ,footnote #a3 ,see page #ca4 ,footnote #b3 ,see ,quatremre de ,qu9cey4 ,"u ?is influ5ce1 h[ev]1 we h be5 born & br$1 & x requires "t to %ake (f ! trammels :i* su* e>ly education leaves4 ,!re is ano!r !ory :i* x is necess>y to notice1 viz41 t ! m>ble 0 n pa9t$1 b /a9$ 9 "s way or o!r1 s z /ill to reta9 ! transp>5cy ( ! m>ble4 ,z ?is has nev] be5 tri$1 & c only be tri$ on m>ble1 ,i d>e n say t x w\ld n produce an agreeable result4 ,i am n able1 h[ev]1 to conceive x1 & feel c]ta9 t x c\ld n fulfil ! requir$ conditions ( monum5tal sculpture1 ?\gh pres5t+ m *ance ( success ) isolat$ works4 ,z f> z reg>ds monum5tal sculpture1 ! evid5ce ( ,mr4 ,bracebridge1 :i* 0 produc$ be=e ! committee ( ! ,in/itute1#c w\ld appe> to settle ! po9t4 ,! fragm5ts dug up at ,a!ns 9 ! w9t] ( #ahce-cf1 are /at$ by him to h be5 9 p]fect pres]vation1 & 8pa9t$ ) ! brighte/ r$1 blue1 & yell[1 or r1 v]milion1 ultram>9e1 & /raw col\r1 :i* la/ may h fad$ 9 ! e>?40 ,he fur!r /ates1 t 8! col\rs 7 laid on 9 ?ick coats40 ,footnote #c3 ,see page #dj4 ,,col\r+ ,,( ,,! ,,c\rt4 ,i may /ate at ! outset t ,i h be5 re/ra9$ 9 ?is attempt at r5d]+ ! effect ( ! col\r$ ar*itecture ( ! ,greeks--t ,i h set b\nds to my imag9ation4 ,i mo/ fully believe t ! ,greek monum5ts 7 col\r$ & ornam5t$ on a mu* high] key ?an ,i h v5tur$ to attempt1 :il/ ! public eye requires prep>ation = receiv+ :at !re are z yet s few facts to sub/antiate4 ,! only portions ( ! col\r+ ( ?is c\rt = :i* !re is absolute au?ority1 are ! leaves on ! m\ld+ ,a1 & ! enri*m5ts on ! pila/]-caps1 ,d1 :i* are ?us publi%$ by ,mr4 ,p5rose1 9 8 "w4 ,traces exi/ ( ! enri*m5t ,b1 & ! fret on ! ar*itrave b&1 ,c1 ( a /a9 indicat+ ! =m ( ! ornam5t1 b )\t traces ( col\r4 ,illu/ration ,! col\r+ ( ! m\ld+ ,a1 :i* is kn[n1 is alone suffici5t = our purpose4 ,x e/abli%es two broad pr9ciples = our guidance2 fir/1 t ( ! alt]nation ( col\r1 second1 t ! col\rs 7 s employ$ z be/ to def9e ! m\ld+ !y enri*$4 ,specks ( blue & r$ 7or1 z obs]v$ by o!rs1 gre5 & r$7 h be5 f\nd 9 sev]al monum5ts on ?is m\ld+1 :i* f its =m is m likely to h reta9$ col\r ?an any o!r4 ,! absolute value ( ^! col\rs is ( c\rse n kn[n2 h5ce ! lib]ty ( believ+ t !y 7 only /a9s or t9ts1 n positive /rong col\rs4 ,a glance at ! exp]im5t is suffici5t to upset ?is !ory at once2 ! ornam5t1 ) any?+ %ort ( ! /r5g? ( col\r we h employ$1 w\ld h be5 invisible ev5 at ! height we see x1 mu* m s at ! height ! orig9al 0 plac$4 ,z ! b$-m\ld ,b repres5ts1 by ! l9es ( ! /a91 simil> m\ld+s c>v$ 9 relief 9 o!r monum5ts1 ,i felt ,i 0 safe 9 us+ ! col\rs 9 su* a way z be/ to repres5t ! object x imitat$4 ,i h !re=e plac$ ! gold :]e1 _h ! ornam5t be5 9 relief & gold employ$1 gold mu/ h be5 plac$ to h be5 se5 to ! be/ advantage1 t is1 on ! convex surfaces4 ,s ( ! o!r col\rs4 ,9 col\r+ ! fret ,c ,i h foll[$ ! same pr9ciple2 if !y took ! tr\ble to pa9t s m9ute an ornam5t at su* a height1 we may be q sure t !y took e pa9s to make x z di/9ct z possible1 &1 !re=e1 9 us+ blue & r$ alt]nately1 ,i h endeav\r$ to make ! l9es ( ! fret m app>5t4 ,i 0 l$ at once to adopt a blue gr\nd = ! frieze1 occupy+1 z x does1 ! place ( ! usual frieze ( triglyphs & metopes 9 o!r monum5ts :]e ! blue gr\nd pr$om9at$2 ,i felt ! ,greek eye w\ld h dem&$ x "h _h su* an arrangem5t z t ( our frieze exi/$ on a ,greek monum5t4 ,! r$ )9 ! wrea?s 0 necess>y1 bo? = g5]al h>mony1 & also to prev5t ! eye pass+ ?r\gh ! wrea?s1 :i* w\ld h be5 ! case _h ! blue gr\nd be5 un9t]rupt$4 ,! s(fit ( ! cornice ,i h col\r$ r$1 because ,i h no d\bt t :]ev] blue1 r$1 & yell[ or gold 7 us$1 ?is mu/ always h be5 ! place ( ! r$2 & ,i exp]i5c$ great pleasure1 :5 9 speak+ on ?is subject ) ,m4 ,hittorff ( ,p>is1 he br\ght =? a fragm5t ( a s(fit f ,sel9us1 :i*1 z he held x 9 8 h&1 %[$ a surface p]fectly :ite1 b remov+ 8 h& f x1 discov]$ a l>ge pat* ( ! /ronge/ r$ /ill rema9+ on ! surface ( ! prep>atory coat ( /ucco ) :i* ! temple at ,sel9us 0 cov]$4 ,illu/ration3 ,kn[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,unkn[n4 ,! bolde/ /ep ,i h tak5 is 9 col\r+ ! capitals ( ! columns2 ! abacus ,e & ! e*9us ,f4 ,! e*9us ( ! ,greek column is a m\ld+ s p]fect1 & s mu* ref9em5t 0 us$ ^u x by ! ,greeks1 t few believe x 0 ev] int5d$ to be ornam5t$4 ,x is suppos$ t mu* ( ?is ref9em5t 0 ex]cis$ by ! ,greeks on ?is curve 9 ord] to prep>e x = ! %ad[ :i* ! angle ( ! abacus ca/ ^u x1 & t all ?is w\ld h be5 lo/ or di/urb$ by a pa9t$ ornam5t on ! surface4 ,!re are o!rs1 h[ev]1 equally /rong 9 ! belief t x 0 pa9t$ & ornam5t$1 among/ :om ,m4 ,hittorff1 :o1 9 8 "w1 gives two illu/rations f draw+s ( ,greek columns on vases1 "o ( :i* has an ornam5tal abacus1 & ! o!r ) ! honeysuckle ornam5t on ! e*9us4 ,z all ! ornam5ts on ,greek vases are analog\s to ^? ( ,greek temples1 x is fairly conclud$ t ! pa9t] ( ! columns on ! vases only repres5t$ :at he 0 accu/om$ to see on ! columns ( build+s4 ,i am n alone 9 ! belief t ! e*9us 0 ornam5t$ ) ! egg-&-tongue ornam5t2 9 fact1 ! =m ( ! m\ld+ sugge/s ?is 9 pref]5ce to any o!r4 ,x c]ta9ly gives ! be/ =m = resolv+ ! upw>d runn+-l9es ( ! flutes4 ,z f all ! examples we h1 ! fret ornam5t is f\nd univ]sally on flat b&s1 ,i h adopt$ x = ! surface ( ! abacus1 & h *os5 a fret :i*1 return+ )9 itself1 prev5ts ! eye f runn+ outw>ds1 upw>ds1 or d[nw>ds1 :i* is g5]ally ! case ) mo/ frets4 ,! sp&rils ( ! abacus ,i h suppli$ ) an ornam5t :i* ,i ?\ght w\ld be/ c>ry ! eye f ! squ>e ( ! angle into ! circul> m\ld+4 ,x is difficult to suppose t ! capitals ( ! columns c\ld appe> unornam5t$ side by side ) pila/]-caps s elaborately enri*$2 & we ?9k x w freely be admitt$ t ( ! two1 ! kn[n ,greek pila/]-cap1 & t ( my exp]im5tal column1 ! latt] is m quiet4 ,a simple ref]5ce to ! cuts w be suffici5t to conv9ce any unprejudic$ p]son t ! m9ute scale ( ! ornam5ts on ! pila/]-cap dem&s a high] key ( ornam5tation ?an t ,i h adopt$4 ,= ! g5]al tone ( ! pla9 portions ( ! monum5t1 ,i h adopt$ a g5]al t9t ( yell[1 b1 z ,i said be=e1 ,i believe t ! ,greeks c>ri$ _! ornam5tation mu* beyond ?is4 ,i ?9k ! ar*itrave 0 enri*$ ) ornam5ts--c]ta9ly ! s(fits2 & 9 monum5ts l ! ,p>!non1 ,i c come to no o!r conclusion b t ! columns 7 gold4 ,9 ! flutes ( ! ,ionic columns ( ! ,erec!um r$ has be5 di/9ctly se54 ,?is c only h be5 ! gr\nd = gold2 ! fillets :i* sep>ate ! flutes ( ! ,ionic column may !n h be5 :ite1 b ! flutes ( ! ,doric column pres5t+ a %>p arris1 :i* c\ld n receive col\r to sep>ate ! col\rs ( ! flutes1 ! columns mu/ h _h "o uni=m t9t1 :atev] x might h be51 & we c conceive no o!r wor?y ( su* a build+ z ! ,p>!non1 or able to support ! decoration above1 b gold4 ,!re is no au?ority = ! gild+ ( ! antefix1 nor = ! gutt1 b _! =m sugge/s ! only mode ( treatm5t !y c\ld receive ) effect4 ,,ceil+ ,,"u ,,! ,,gall]y4--,,! ,,two ,,end ,,bays4 ,illu/ration3 ,portion ( ! ,ceil+1 %[+ :at is kn[n ( ! ,decoration4 ,illu/ration3 ,portion ( ! ,ceil+ z ,pa9t$4 ,! diagram at once expla9s :at is kn[n 9 ?is attempt ( supply+ ! col\rs = a ,greek ceil+2 ! col\rs h[ev] ev5 ( ?is are d\btful4 ,traces only ( ! /a9s are kn[n1 & "s ( ! ornam5ts h be5 suppos$ to be col\r$ 9 su* a way z to de/roy ! v effect1 :i* a m]e glance at ! diagram w %[ 0 int5d$ to be produc$--viz41 to imitate1 or r take ! place ( ornam5ts 9 relief4 ,! /> 9 ! c5tre ( ! c(f] has traces ( r$ ^u x1 & has be5 publi%$ z a r$ /> on a blue gr\nd2 b ,mr4 ,p5rose1 9 8 "w1 makes x gold1 :i* is a mu* m probable arrangem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,pa9t$ ,ornam5ts 9 ! ,c5tres ( ! ,c(f]s ( ! ,ceil+ ( ! ,propylaea1 ,a!ns1 z publi%$ by ,mr4 ,p5rose4 ,x w be se5 t ! p>ts ,i h suppli$ are frets on ! pla9 s(fits ( ! beams & ! ornam5t on ! side ( ! beams2 ! frets ,i h us$ 9 su* a way z be/ to def9e ! ar*itectural l9es ( ! ceil+4 ,^? :o are incl9$ to believe t :]ev] ! ,greeks ornam5t$1 !re traces ( ornam5t are f\nd1 & t consequ5tly :]e no ornam5t is f\nd none exi/$1 ( c\rse /op at ! /age repres5t$ by ! outl9e diagram1 & believe t ! g5]al h>mony :i* su* p>tial ornam5t+ w\ld di/urb 0 re/or$ by cov]+ all ! pla9 p>ts ) /a9s or t9ts :i* may or may n h be5 v>i$4 ,till m is kn[n all ?is mu/ ev] rema9 matt] ( op9ion & subject to dispute4 ,?is op9ion1 h[ev]1 is entirely bas$ on ! fact t ! traces ( ornam5t :i* d rema9 are all engrav$ 9 outl9e on ! m>ble ) a %>p in/rum5t2 & x is !re=e conclud$ t ?is 0 ! univ]sal practice ( ! ,greeks1 & t1 :]e no engrav$ l9e exi/s !re 0 no ornam5t4 ,i ?9k ?is a v bold assumption4 ,x is evid5t t 9 su* endur+ ornam5ts z ^? ( ! ,greeks1 provision mu/ h be5 made = repa9t+s2 &1 !re=e1 on _! m\ld$ surfaces !y took c>e to leave an endur+ m>k ( ! patt]n1 m especially z ^! m\ld+s 7 9 positions mo/ difficult ( access2 :il/ on ! broad] surfaces ?is lab\r 9 ! beg9n+ w\ld n be necess>y1 z ! ornam5ts may h be5 readily repa9t$ )\t x4 ,9 ! ?ree c5tre bays we h attempt$ a /ill high] key ( col\r4 ,! ornam5ts ( ! c(f]s are sugge/$ by ,no4 #b1 f ! c(f]s ( ! ,propylaea4 ,,m\ld+s ,,enclos+ ,,! ,,pana!naic ,,frieze4 ,! enri*m5t ,a1 & ! fret ,b & ,c1 are publi%$ by ,mr4 ,p5rose2 ,a1 col\r$ exactly z ,i h %[n x1 & ,b & ,c ) ! fret only 9 gold1 ( :i* he imag9es ! patt]n n[ on _! surfaces may h be5 ! trace4 ,illu/ration3 ,ar*itrave ,b&1 z publi%$ by ,mr4 ,p5rose4 ,! pr9ciple ( col\r+ on ! m\ld+ ,a helps to ! col\r+ ( ! frets ,b & ,c1 :i*1 plac$ 9 ! orig9al #dj feet f ! gr\nd1 w\ld h be5 invisible 9 gold alone or any o!r t9t4 ,,! ,,pana!naic ,,frieze4 ,i h plac$ 9 ! gall]y beh9d ! ,greek & ,roman ,c\rts1 ca/s f ! ,elg9 frieze ( ! ,briti% ,museum1#d = ! express purpose ( %[+ h[ x might possibly h be5 col\r$4 ,footnote #d3 ,! ca/s obta9$ f ! ,briti% ,museum 7 fir/ fix$ 9 _! place2 ! miss+ portions 7 !n suppli$1 by ins]t+ ca/s ( portions ( ! frieze f\nd p]fect 9 o!r p>ts ( x4 ,?us1 :5 a head1 h&1 or foot 0 want+1 a ca/ 0 tak5 ( a head1 h&1 or foot1 :]e f\nd p]fect1 & !n ins]t$4 ,s t ?is frieze1 al?\gh n an absolute reproduction ( ! orig9al1 is z ne>ly z possible all ,greek4 ,?is re/oration 0 confid$ to ,mr4 ,raffaelle ,monti1 assi/$ by ,franz ,mitt]l*n] & ,&reas ,grass4 ,illu/ration ,t x 0 col\r$ 9 "s mann] or o!r !re c be no mann] ( d\bt1 & we ?9k t any unprejudic$ p]son :o w exam9e ! portion ( ! frieze 9 :ite at ! end ( gall]y1 ) ! kn[n pa9t$ ornam5t above & bel[ x1 w at once admit ?is4 ,!re are o!r consid]ations :i* w\ld lead "o to imag9e x de/9$ to receive col\r1 ev5 _h no traces ( col\r be5 f\nd on ! ar*itecture above & ar\nd x4 ,z !re are /ill _m :o believe1 & w believe aga9/ all evid5ce1 t ?is frieze nev] 0 pa9t$1 ,i mu/ br+ =w>d "s argum5ts :i* appe> to me s /rong z to r5d] ! idea ( its col\rless /ate impossible4 ,?is frieze 9 ! ,p>!non is #dj feet f ! gr\nd to ! c5tre ( x1 & 9 ! position ,a on ! section 7p4 #ag71 :il/ our exp]im5t is only #af feet1 to ! c5tre ( ! bas-relief3 to be se5 at an angle ( #de1 ! eye ( ! spectator mu/ h be5 at lea/ #fj feet f x3 n[ only let ! visitor /& at ?is di/ance f ! portion ( our ca/ t rema9s 9 :ite1 & he w see h[ little ( ! detail is visible to ! eye4 ,illu/ration3 ,section %[+ ! position ( ! ,pana!naic ,frieze4 ,let him place himself at ! same di/ance f ! portion ( frieze :i* ,i h pa9t$1 & he w see h[ visibly col\r develops =m4 ,h[ _m ?\s&s pass daily ! ,a!num ,club 9 ,pall ,mall & are n consci\s t !re is above _! heads a copy ( ?is div9e "w ( ,phidias2 if ?is 7 col\r$ 7z x ought to be7 :o c\ld pass by & escape x4 ,! frieze 9 ! ,p>!non c\ld n h be5 se5 )\t col\r z di/9ctly z ! copy on ! ,a!num ,club1 z x 0 "u a portico1 & 9 %ad[4 ,p are apt to argue t ,phidias nev] c\ld h tak5 su* pa9s to /udy ! light & %ade ( ?is bas-relief if ! f95ess ( 8 workman%ip _h _h to be /opp$ up :5 b$aub$ ) pa9t4 ,n[ p :o argue ?us h nev] und]/ood :at col\r does :5 appli$ to =m4 ,! v fact t col\r has to be appli$1 dem&s ! highe/ f9i% 9 ! =m b5ea?4 ,by m visibly br++ out ! =m x makes all defects m prom95t4 ,let any "o comp>e ! muscles ( ! figures 9 :ite1 ) ! muscles ( ^? col\r$1 & he w n hesitate an in/ant to admit ?is tru?4 ,! lab\rs ( ,phidias1 _h !y nev] receiv$ col\r1 w\ld h be5 ?r[n away2 x 0 because he design$ !m to receive col\r t su* an elaboration ( ! surface 0 requir$4 ,my attempt is se5 "u e disadvantage2 x is too ne> ! eye & too ne> ! light2 & x is pa9t$ on a mat]ial :i* is mo/ ungraci\s = ! reception ( col\r4 ,! m9ute undulations ( m>ble always lose some?+ 9 a pla/] reproduction1 b :5 ! pla/] has fur!r to be pa9t$ ) f\r coats ( oil pa9t to /op ! suction1 x may readily be imag9$ h[ mu* ! m delicate modulations ( ! surface w suff]4 ,i h pref]r$1 h[ev]1 to put =? ?is exp]im5t ) all its disadvantages1 ?an attempt to s(t5 ! asp]ities by any artificial arrangem5t1 conv9c$ t if x c f9d "s fav\r 9 its pres5t position1 x w\ld ga9 immeasurably by be+ se5 9 a position analog\s to t occupi$ by ! orig9al4 ,x w be se5 fur!r on t no traces ( col\r exi/ at ! pres5t "t on ^! m>bles4 ,!y 7 m\ld$ 9 ,a!ns prior to _! removal to ?is c\ntry1 & :atev] col\r !y may h !n reta9$ disappe>$ dur+ ! cleans+ ( ! m>bles by soap-lees1 aft] ! process ( m\ld+4 ,we are !re=e driv5 to ! rema9s ( col\r on o!r monum5ts1 & to analogy = ! propos$ re/oration ( ! sev]al col\rs4 ,,backgr\nd4 ,! col\r ( ! backgr\nd ( "s ( ! p$im5ts ( ! ,greek temples is kn[n to h be5 blue1 & if we admit t ! bodies ( ! figures 7 pa9t$ at all1 x c\ld h be5 no o!r col\rs4 ,! fle% col\r be+ necess>ily "s k9d ( r$1 w\ld h be5 injur$ by a r$ gr\nd1 :ile yell[ w\ld h advanc$ to ! eye1 & c =m a backgr\nd only to :ite1 ! only col\r m advanc+ ?an itself4 ,i believe1 & x is g5]ally accept$ z prov51 t ! gr\nd 0 blue2 & z !re are _m :o /op "h1 admitt+ ! blue gr\nd1 b d5y+ ! col\r+ ( ! figures1 a portion ( ! frieze has be5 left 9 ?is /age1 to enable !m to =m a judgm5t ^u x4 ,,! ,,hair4 ,:5 ,i fir/ attempt$ ! exp]im5t1 ,i _h a /rong in/9ct t ! hair %\ld be gold2 b n hav+ ! au?ority = x1 ,i 0 induc$ to try x bo? br[n & grey2 nei!r ( ^! col\rs1 h[ev]1 0 satisfactory1 b hav+ aft]w>ds se5 ! collection ( t]ra-cottas 9 ! ,l\vre1 ,i became conv9c$ t ,i 0 "r 9 suppos+ t !y %\ld be gold4 ,9 all ^! specim5s ! hair is ( an int5se r$1 :i* c only h be5 ! gr\nd ( gild+1 n[ oblit]at$4 ,9 ! ,elg9 frieze1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 may /ill be se5 ! holes :i* 7 drill$ to fix on ! metallic trapp+s1 :i* 7 also1 no d\bt1 gilt2 & 7 ^! affix$ 9 our exp]im5t1 ! effect w\ld be mu* m h>moni\s4 ,,! ,,fle%4 ,! mo/ difficult po9t to det]m9e1 is ! col\r ( ! fle%4 ,x is evid5t t ! ,greeks w\ld avoid e attempt at repres5t+ nature4 ,:atev] col\rs !y us$1 we may be sure t !y 7 treat$ conv5tionally only1 s z to sugge/ ! nature ( ! object repres5t$1 yet n to attempt a direct imitation2 we mu/ feel1 h[ev]1 t !y w5t to ! utmo/ limit ( conv5tionality4 ,m4 ,hittorff has 9 8 possession a fragm5t ( a figure f ,sel9us1 reta9+ a fle% col\r v simil> to t :i* we h employ$4 ,al?\gh col\r has be5 f\nd on ! hair1 eyes1 lips1 & drap]y ( ,greek fragm5ts ( m>ble1 no traces h z yet be5 f\nd on ! nude portions4 ,& ^? :o believe t ! m>ble ( ! ,greeks 0 only /a9$ & n pa9t$1 build up a triumphant argum5t on ?is4 ,! explanation1 h[ev]1 is v simple2 x is evid5t t ! smoo? portions ( a col\r$ object w\ld lose _! col\r fir/ "u ! influ5ce ( "t1 &1 9 fact1 all traces ( col\r t ev] are f\nd1 are f\nd 9 ! folds & crevices1 f :i* x is fairly argu$ t ! surface ( :i* !y =m$ a "p 0 ( t col\r4 ,ev5 9 ! ,alhambra1 :i* 0 entirely cov]$ ) col\r1 & :i* is s _m c5turies ne>] our "t ?an ! ,greek temples1 col\r is b r>ely f\nd on ! surface3 x is only by :at is f\nd 9 ! dep?s & holl[s1 t we "k h[ ! :ole 0 col\r$4 ,on ! t]ra-cottas ( ! ,l\vre !re are figures :]e ! :ite gr\nd ) :i* ! :ole surface ( ! t]ra-cottas 0 cov]$1 rema9s p]fect ov] ! :ole ( ! figures1 at ! same "t t a fragm5t ( fle% t9t /ill rema9s ^u "s portion ( x4 ,7 ?is abs5t1 x might equally well be argu$1 t ! ,greeks 7 9 ! habit ( pa9t+ ! fle% :ite on _! t]ra-cottas4 ,,horses4 ,9 seek+ a col\r = ! horses1 ,i felt ! *oice lay betwe5 r$1 :ite1 black1 or grey2 fur!r1 t :atev] col\r 0 employ$1 x w\ld be 9 su* a way z be/ to def9e & di/+ui% ! v>i\s portions ( ! gr\ps4 ,i d n ?9k t a s+le col\r1 or %ades ( ! same col\r1 w\ld h fulfill$ ?is condition4 ,:ite horses w\ld h be5 too prom95t1 black too sombre4 ,! r$ ,i h employ$ appe>$ to be ! be/ col\r = ! pr9cipal horses1 z be/ balanc+ by _! masses ! blue backgr\nd1 :il/ ! relief betwe5 horse & horse c\ld be h>moni\sly obta9$ by ! employm5t ( grey = ! back horses4 ,au?ority = ?is mode ( treatm5t exi/s on ! ,greek vases & 9 ! ,etruscan tombs1 :]e1 :5 "o horse passes be=e ano!r1 !re is a *ange ( col\r4 ,z ! horses 9 ?is frieze are 9 ranks ( n9e1 x is mo/ probable t !re 0 /ill m v>iety ( col\r ?an ,i h attempt$1 to keep ! v>i\s gr\ps toge!r4 ,,! ,,drap]ies4 ,i 0 l$ to adopt ?is mode ( treat+ ! drap]ies f ! inspection ( ! ,l\vre collection ( t]ra-cottas1 :]e ! drap]ies are v well pres]v$4 ,!y are mo/ly pale blue & pale p9k1 ! pale blue ) a p9k bord] & ! p9k drap]y ) a blue bord]4 ,i h arrang$ ! drap]ies 9 ! way ,i felt mo/ conducive to ! g5]al effect1 s z to br+ ! :ole into h>mony4 ,! col\rs ( ! o!r portions ( ! dresses are sugge/$ by ! mat]ials :i* !y may be presum$ to repres5t4 ,9 plac+ ?is exp]im5t be=e ! public1 ,i am q aw>e h[ va9 w\ld be ! hope t ,i _h produc$ a result wor?y ( ! ,greeks2 :]e !re is s little to guide1 success is well nigh impossible4 ,! mo/ t ,i c\ld hope to atta9 0 to produce a result t might h exi/$1 & t w\ld n h be5 discordant ) ! o!r portions ( a ,greek monum5t4 ,my failures ev5 w\ld answ] a useful purpose1 if !y s]v$ to direct o!r m9ds to "w out ?is mo/ int]e/+ problem1 & to induce fur!r rese>*es on ! monum5ts ( ,greece1 :i* h h>dly yet be5 exam9$ 9 ?is direction1 because !y h n z yet be5 exam9$ ) fai?1 b r ) reluctance4 ,! exp]im5t _c be fairly tri$ till tri$ on m>ble1 & 9 conditions ( space1 atmosph]e1 c41 simil> to ^? "u :i* ! orig9als 7 plac$4 ,i w\ld ask ^? critics :o /& on ! gr\nd ( traditional op9ion1 n too ra%ly by h>d words to attempt to /op ! inquiry :i* ?is exp]im5t may sugge/4 ,! facts are too /rong to be put aside by any op9ion4 ,if all :o are anxi\s = ! tru? w only seek x1 !re is little d\bt t we may approa*1 if we d n rea* x4 ,i h done all 9 my p[] to aid ! cause4 ,i h /ood 9 ! brea*1 & %all be cont5t %\ld o!rs walk ov] me to a m complete victory4 ,i am only anxi\s1 9 ! mean:ile1 t ! ,greeks %\ld n be condemn$ on my acc\nt4 ,i h no au?ority :atev] = ! col\r+ ( ! monum5t ( ,lysicrates 9 ! ,great ,transept4 ,"o fact des]ves to be record$1 ! beautiful bas-reliefs ( ! frieze 7 absolutely invisible f bel[1 :5 9 :ite1 & ?is made me c]ta9 t x 0 a monum5t design$ to receive col\r1 & ,i !re=e det]m9$ to attempt its re/oration4 ,,ow5 ,,jones4 ,,cry/al ,,palace1 ,june1 #ahed4 ,,note ,,by ,,mr4 ,,p5rose4 ,i h se5 no reason to alt] my op9ion 7quot$ p4 #f7 t ! surface ( ! m>ble play$ a consid]able "p 9 ! g5]al effect1 & t x 0 n conceal$ ) pa9t1 b t+$ or /a9$ 9 "s mann] to ! prop] tone4 ,an ext5sive & c>eful exam9ation ( ! ,p5telic qu>ries by ! ord]s ( ,k+ ,o?o has %[n t l>ge blocks su* z 7 us$ at ,a!ns are v r>e inde$4 ,! di/ance also f ! city is consid]able3 :]eas !re are qu>ries on ,m\nt ,hymettus at little m ?an "o-?ird ( ! di/ance 7& mo/ conv5i5t = c>riage71 :i* furni% imm5se masses ( dove-col\r$ m>ble 7mu* priz$1 x w\ld seem1 by ! ,romans1 ,hor4 ii4 #ah71 & inf]ior 9 no respect b t ( col\r to ! ,p5telic4 ,x c\ld !re=e only h be5 ! intr9sic beauty ( ! latt] mat]ial t l$ to its employm5t by s practical a p z ! ,a!nians4 ,) respect to ! use ( ! outl9e trac$ ) a %>p po9t 7p4 #af71 _h ?is be5 a provision = repa9t+s1 its abs5ce f ! ,doric e*9us is at lea/ conclusive t !re 0 no ornam5t pa9t$ on t memb]2 = on no "p ( ! ar*itecture w\ld ! difficulty ( reproduc+ ! patt]n h be5 great]4 ,b s9ce ^! outl9es are f\nd indiff]5tly bo? on small & l>ge m\ld+s1 x seems to be a s\nd conclusion :i* limits ! pa9t$ ornam5ts to ! p>ts s outl9$4 ,,reply4 ,i d n ?9k t1 ) our pres5t ideas ( economy1 we are able to appreciate ! motives ( ! ,a!nians 9 *oos+ _! m>ble f ! ,p5telic qu>ries 9 pref]5ce to ^? ( ,m\nt ,hymettus4 ,we mu/ rememb] t ! ,greeks built = _! gods2 & ! ,p5telic m>ble1 by pres5t+ great] difficulties 9 its acquisition may h be5 a m preci\s (f]+4 ,i c m easily und]/& ?is ?an ! use ( granite by ! ,egyptians1 :i* 0 s\ght = f qu>ries mu* m di/ant1 & pres5t$ difficulties ( workman%ip _m times great]4 ,mr4 ,p5rose has exam9$ mo/ m9utely ! capitals ( ! columns ( ! ,p>!non1 & is conv9c$ t no outl9e ( any k9d exi/s ^u !m2 b ,i am n s conv9c$ t !re nev] 0 "o !re1 because1 al?\gh outl9es are f\nd on fragm5ts ( "s ( ! m\ld+s1 !y d n exi/ ev]y:]e on ! same m\ld+3 x is only "u fav\rable circum/ances t ! outl9e has be5 pres]v$4 ,a ,doric e*9us may yet be f\nd ) outl9es ^u x4 ,,ow5 ,,jones4 ,,hi/orical ,,evid5ce4 ,,note4 ,i h be5 fav\r$ by ,mr4 ,g4 ,h4 ,lewes ) ! foll[+ argum5ts d]iv$ f a p]usal ( ,quatremre de ,qu9cey1 ,w9ckelmann1 & ! passages ( anci5t au?ors :i* are suppos$ to ?r[ light on ?is "q2 ^! ,i h submitt$ to a well kn[n au?ority on ,greek lit]ature1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,watkiss ,lloyd1 & place "h 8 obs]vations on ! argum5t ( ,mr4 ,lewes1 z ,i am mo/ anxi\s t ! public %\ld be 9 possession ( :atev] c be said on ei!r side4 ,,hi/orical ,,evid5ce4 ,! idea ( ! ,greeks hav+ pa9t$ _! /atues is s repugnant to all our mod]n prejudgm5ts1 t ! m9d is sl[ 9 famili>is+ itself ) ! fact1 ev5 :5 indisputable evid5ce is br\ght =w>d4 ,! ,greeks 7 arti/s ( su* exquisite ta/e1 & ( pr9ciples s sev]e1 t to accuse !m ( hav+ pa9t$ /atues1 is to accuse !m ( committ+ :at 9 our day is reg>d$ z pure 8b>b>ism40 ,! ,greeks did n aim at reality1 b at ideality2 & ! pa9t+ ( /atues is ?\ght to be only an attempt to imitate reality4 ,nev]!less1 h[ev] />tl+1 ! fact rema9s3 ! ,greeks did pa9t _! /atues4 ,liv+ eyes h se5 ! pa9t4 ,liv+ te/imony supports ! te/imony ( anci5t writ]s1 & all t w be necess>y 9 ^! pages is to furni% "s ( ! pr9cipal po9ts ( evid5ce4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! read] mu/ get out ( all sculpture gall]ies1 erase f 8 m9d all preconceptions d]iv$ f antique rema9s & mod]n practices4 ,hav+ done s1 let him reflect on ! hi/orical developm5t ( sculpture1 & he w see ?is idea ( pa9t$ figures fall+ 9 its true place4 ,sculpture ( c\rse began 9 ,greece1 z else:]e1 ) idols4 ,x is ! cu/om ( all b>b>\s nations to col\r _! idols4 ,! ,egyptians1 z we "k beyond all d\bt1 n only col\r$1 b dress$ !irs4 ,s did ! ,greeks4 ,x may be a "q1 :e!r ! ,greeks borr[$ _! art f ! ,egyptians1 improv+ x1 z !y did ev]y?+ else4 ,let s*ol>s decide t "q4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is c]ta91 t 9 ei!r case ! ,egyptian practice w\ld obta9-- #a/4 ,if ! ,greeks borr[$ f ! ,egyptians1 !y w\ld borr[ ! pa9t+ & dress+4 #bnd4 ,if !y did n borr[--if _! art 0 indig5\s--!n x w\ld come "u ! univ]sal law ( b>b>ian art2 & pa9t+ w\ld1 at any rate 9 ! e>li] epo*s1 h be5 employ$4 7,we "k t bo? pa9t+ & dress+ 7 employ$ 9 all epo*s47 ,?is be+ s1 & ! cu/om be+ univ]sal1 unless ! *ange f pa9t$ to unpa9t$ /atues _h be5 v gradual1 ins5sibly s1 ! man :o fir/ produc$ a m>ble /atue )\t any addition w\ld h be5 celebrat$ z an innovator4 ,no su* celebrity is kn[n4 ,anci5t lit]ature ab\nds ) ref]5ces & allusions to ! practices ( pa9t+ & dress+ /atues4 ,space prev5ts _! be+ copi\sly cit$ "h4 ,moreov]1 _m ( !m are too vague = direct evid5ce4 ,( ^? :i* are unequivocal a few w be giv54 ,dress+ ,/atues4--,pausanias describes a nympheum1 :]e ! wom5 assembl$ to wor%ip1 conta9+ figures ( ,bac*us1 ,c]es1 & ,pros]p9e1 ! heads ( :i* alone 7 visible1 ! re/ ( ! body be+ hidd5 by drap]ies4 ,& ?is expla9s a passage 9 ,t]tullian 78,de ,jejun410 #af71 :]e he comp>es ! goddesses to ri* ladies hav+ _! att5dants specially devot$ to dress !m--suas habebant ornatrices4 ,= x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ! ,greek idols1 l ! sa9ts 9 ,ca?olic ca!drals1 7 kept dress$ & ornam5t$ ) religi\s c>e4 ,h5ce ,hom] frequ5tly alludes to ! (f]+s ( g>m5ts made to propitiate a goddess2 ?us1 to cite b "o1 ,hector tells ,hecuba to *oose ! mo/ spl5did peplos to (f] to ,m9]va = h] aid & fav\r4 ,dionysius1 ! ,tyrant ( ,syracuse1 accord+ to a well kn[n anecdote1 /ripp$ ! ,jupit] ( 8 gold5 cloak1 mock+ly decl>+ t x 0 too heavy = summ]1 & too cold = w9t]4 8,! gold5 cloak ( ! ,sicilian ,jupit] seems sc>cely to illu/rate ! subject ( dress+ /atues--z x 0 probably n drap]y1 n clo? enri*$ ) gold--b solid1 l ! gold5 gis ( ! ,m9]va ( ,phidias1 :i* c\ld be remov$ & replac$40--,w4 ,w4 ,,lloyd4 ,^! dress$ /atues 7 = ! mo/ "p dolls1 h[ev] l>ge4 ,! read] mu/ rememb] t ! dolls ( 8 nurs]y are ! l9eal desc5dants ( anci5t idols4 ,ea* h\se _h its l>es or h\sehold gods2 ea* h\se _h its dress$ idols4 ,/atues1 9 our s5se ( ! ^w1 71 x may be suppos$1 n dress$2 b t !y 7 pa9t$ & ornam5t$ !re seems to be ample evid5ce4 ,col\r$ ,/atues4--,if we _h no o!r evid5ce ?an is af=d$ 9 ! great v>iety ( mat]ials employ$--ivory1 gold1 ebony1 silv]1 brass1 bronze1 amb]1 lead1 iron1 c$>1 pe>-tree1 c41 x w\ld suffice to indicate t ! prejudice ab\t 8purity ( m>ble0 is a prejudice4 ,! critic may decl>e t a sev]e ta/e repudiates all col\r1 all m+l+ ( mat]ials2 b ! ,greek sculptors address$ ! s5ses & ta/es ( ! ,greek nation1 & did s ) a view to religi\s effect1 j z 9 ,ca?olic ca!drals pa9t$ w9d[s1 pictures1 & jewell$ madonnas appeal to ! s5ses ( ! populace4 ,! ,greeks made /atues ( ivory & gold comb9$4 ,!y also comb9$ v>i\s metals ) a view ( produc+ ! effect ( col\r4 ,"o example w suffice "h4 ,pl9y tells u 7lib4 xxxiv4 cap4 #ad7 t ! sculptor ( ! /atue ( ,a?amas1 wi%+ to repres5t ! blu% ( %ame succe$+ 8 murd] ( 8 son1 made ! head ( a metal compos$ ( copp] & iron1 ! dissolution ( ! f]rug9\s mat]ial giv+ ! surface a r$ gl[--ut rubig9e ejus p] nitorem ris reluc5te1 exprim]etur v]ecundi rubor4 ,tw5ty analog\s examples ( v>i\s metals employ$ = col\r+ purposes might be cit$4 ,quatremre de ,qu9cey1 9 8 great "w1 8,le ,jupit] ,olympi510 has collect$ _m4 ,! read] may1 h[ev]1 admit t /atues 7 made ( v>i\s mat]ials1 & t ! bronze /atues--:i* 7 incomp>ably m num]\s ?an ! m>ble1 may h be5 t9t$1 b /ill feel dis9cl9$ to believe t ! m>ble /atues 7 ev] pa9t$4 ,a few decisive passages %all be adduc$4 ,let x be rememb]$ t ,socrates 0 ! son ( a sculptor1 & t ,plato liv$ 9 ,a!ns1 acqua9t$ ) ! great sculptors & _! works2 !n read ?is passage1 :]e9 ,socrates employs1 by way ( simile1 ! practice ( pa9t+ /atues3 8,j z if1 :5 pa9t+ /atues1 a p]son %\ld blame u = n plac+ ! mo/ beautiful col\rs on ! mo/ beautiful p>ts ( ! figure--inasmu* z ! eyes1 ! mo/ beautiful p>ts1 7 n pa9t$ purple1 b black--we %\ld answ] him by say+1 ,clev] fell[1 d n suppose we are to pa9t eyes s beautifully t !y %\ld n appe> to be eyes40 7,plato1 8,de ,repub40 lib4 iv41 ne> ! beg9n+47 ,?is passage w\ld long ago h settl$ ! "q1 _h n ! mod]ns be5 pre-occupi$ ) ! belief t ! ,greeks did n pa9t _! /atues4 ,!y1 !re=e1 read ! passage 9 ano!r s5se2 _m translators read 8pictures0 = 8/atues40 ,b ! ,greek ^w signifies 8/atue10 & is nev] us$ to signify 8picture40 ,x means /atue1 & a /atu>y is call$ ! mak] ( su* /atues1 4 7,mr4 ,davis1 9 ,bohn's ,engli% edition ( ,plato1 avoids ! difficulty by translat+ x 8human figures407 8,?is passage is decisive z f> z x goes1 b x does n t\* ! "q ( col\r+ ! fle%4 ,x proves t z late z ,plato's "t x 0 usual to apply col\r to ! eyes ( /atues2 & assum+1 :at is n /at$1 t m>ble /atues are 9 "q1 we are br\ght to ! same po9t z by ! g9etan m>bles1 ( :i* ! eyes1 lips1 portions ( ! arm\r & drap]ies 7 f\nd col\r$4 ,i =get :e!r ! hair 0 f\nd to be col\r$1 b ! abs5ce ( traces ( col\r on ! fle%1 :ile !y 7 abundant else:]e1 indicates t if col\r$ at all x mu/ h be5 by a diff]5t & m p]i%able process--by a t9t1 or /a91 or v>ni%4 ,! g9etan /atues be+ ar*aic1 d n give an absolute rule = ^? ( ,phidias4 ,! ar*aic ,a!nian bas-relief ( a w>rior 9 excell5t pres]vation1 %[s vivid col\rs on drap]y & ornam5ts ( arm\r1 & ! eye-balls 7 also col\r$2 b aga91 !re is no trace ( col\r on ! fle%40--,w4 ,w4 ,,lloyd4 ,"h is a passage :i* n only e/abli%es ! s5se ( ! "o 9 ,plato1 b :ile unequivocally decl>+ t ! anci5ts pa9t$ _! /atues gives ! reason :y ! pa9t is s seldom discov]able 9 ! antique rema9s4 ,x is f ,plut>* 78,qu/4 ,roman40 xcviii41 at ! end73 8,x is necess>y to be v c>eful ( /atues1 o!rwise ! v]milion ) :i* ! anci5t /atues 7 col\r$ w quickly disappe>40 8,?is passage ref]s to ar*aic sacr$ figures1 & at ,rome 7n 9 ,greece71 :]e aft] provid+ = ! sacr$ geese & g&]s1 ! fir/ duty ( c]ta9 (ficials on tak+ (fice 0 to furbi% ! agalma1 or /atue1 :i* 0 necess>y on #8acc\nt ( ! quick fad+ ( ! v]milion ) :i* !y us$ to t+e ! ar*aic /atues4' ,?is is an accurate translation & a lit]al--& implies a diff]5ce betwe5 ! ar*aic & ! m mod]n 9 respect ( col\r1 ?\gh n necess>ily exclud+ all col\r f ! latt]40--,w4 ,w4 ,,lloyd4 ,_h ?is passage be5 g5]ally kn[n ! dispute c\ld nev] h ma9ta9$ itself4 ,!re is no?+ equivocal 9 ! use ( ! ^w 1 :i* means 8v]milion20 no?+ :i* admits ( d\bt 9 ! phrase 4 ,& !re are abundant notices extant :i* illu/rate x4 ,"o w suffice4 ,! celebrat$ m>ble /atue ( a ,bac*ante by ,scopas is describ$ z hold+1 9 lieu ( ! ,?yrsus1 a dead roebuck :i* is cut op51 & ! m>ble repres5ts liv+ fle%4 ,p h tri$ to expla9 ?is by say+ t ,scopas discov]$ col\r$ ve9s 9 ! m>ble1 :i* he us$ to indicate liv+ fle%4 ,! explanation is absurd4 ,9 ! fir/ place ve9s d n s run 9 m>ble z to repres5t fle%2 9 ! second1 unless /atues 7 usually col\r$1 su* ve9s1 if !y exi/$1 w\ld be reg>d$ z t]rible blemi%es1 & ! v ?+ ! ,greeks are suppos$ to h avoid$--viz41 col\r z repres5t+ reality--w\ld h be5 %[n4 ,b col\r 0 us$1 z we "k1 & ,pausanias 78,arcad40 lib4 viii41 cap4 #ci7 describes a /atue ( ,bac*us z hav+ all ^? portions n hidd5 by drap]ies1 pa9t$ v]milion1 ! body be+ ( gild$ wood4 ,he also di/9ctly says t ! /atues made ( gypsum 7 pa9t$1 describ+ a /atue ( ,bac*us 1 :i* 0--! language is explicit--8ornam5t$ ) pa9t0 4 8,?is /atue 0 app>5tly i?yphallic1 & probably ar*aic4 ,n drap]y1 b ivy & laurel1 conceal$ ! l[] "p ( x4 ,! col\r ( ! expos$ "p 0 n local1 b appli$ to ! :ole ( x40--,w4 ,w4 ,,lloyd4 ,virgil1 9 an epigram1 n only (f]s ,v5us a m>ble /atue ( ,amor1 ! w+s ( :i* %all be _m-col\r$ & ! quiv] pa9t$1 b he intimates t ?is %all be s because x is cu/om>y-- ,m>moreusque tibi1 ,dea1 v]sicoloribus alis ,9 morem pict /abit ,amor ph>etr4 ,& 9 ! sev5? ,eclogue1 ,virgil1 speak+ ( ! /atue ( ,diana1 describes x z ( m>ble ) sc>let s&als b\nd r\nd ! leg z high z ! calf4 ,si proprium hoc fu]it1 levi de m>more tota ,puniceo /abis suras ev9cta co?urno4 ,& !re is a passage 9 ,pl9y :i* is decisive1 z soon z we und]/& ! allusion4 ,speak+ ( ,nicias 7lib4 xxxv4 cap4 #aa71 he says1 t ,praxiteles1 :5 ask$ :i* ( 8 m>ble works be/ satisfi$ him1 repli$1 8,^? :i* ,nicias has _h "u 8 h&s40 8,s mu*10 adds ,pl9y1 8did he prize ! f9i%+ ( ,nicias0--tantum circumlitioni ejus tribuebat4 ,! mean+ ( ?is passage hangs on ! ^w circumlitio4 ,w9ckelmann foll[s ! mass ( comm5tators 9 und]/&+ ?is z ref]r+ to "s mode ( poli%+ ! /atues2 b ,quatremre de ,qu9cey1 9 8 magnific5t "w 8,le ,jupit] ,olympi510 satisfactorily %[s ?is to be unt5able1 n only because no sculptor c\ld ?9k ( pref]r+ su* ( 8 /atues z _h be5 bett] poli%$1 b also because ,nicias be+ a pa9t]1 n a sculptor1 8 s]vices mu/ h be5 ^? ( a pa9t]4 ,:at 7 !y8 ,nicias 0 an encau/ic pa9t]1 & h5ce x seems cle> t 8 circumlitio--8 mode ( f9i%+ ! /atues1 s highly priz$ by ,praxiteles--mu/ h be5 ! application ( encau/ic pa9t+ to ^? p>ts :i* ! sculptor wi%$ to h ornam5t$4 ,= x is q idle to suppose a sculptor l ,praxiteles w\ld all[ ano!r sculptor to f9i% 8 works4 ,! r\gh "w may be done by o!r h&s1 b ! f9i%+ is always left to ! arti/4 ,! /atue complet$1 !re /ill rema9$ ! pa9t]'s art to be employ$1 & = t ,nicias 0 r5[n$4 ,ev5 ,w9ckelmann 78,ges*i*te d] ,kun/10 bu* ,i4 kap4 #b71 aft] not+ h[ ! anci5ts 7 accu/om$ to dress _! /atues1 adds1 8,?is gave rise to ! pa9t+ ( ^? p>ts ( ! m>ble /atues :i* repres5t$ ! clo!s1 z may be se5 9 ! ,diana f\nd at ,h]culanum 9 #agfj4 ,! hair is blonde2 ! drap]ies :ite1 ) a triple bord]1 "o ( gold1 ! o!r ( purple1 ) fe/oons ( fl[]s1 ! ?ird pla9 purple40 ,!re are /ill traces visible ( gild+ 9 ! hair ( /atues4 ,ev5 ! ,v5us de' ,m$ici has su*4 ,& ! bor$ e>s speak pla9ly ( e>r+s4 ,:ile ! te/imony ( antiquity is ?us explicit1 !re is ! /ill m conv9c+ te/imony ( liv+ eyes1 :i* h se5 ?is pa9t+ on /atues4 ,! celebrat$ ,sw$i% travell]1 ,ak]blad1 says1 8,i am conv9c$ t ! practice ( col\r+ m>ble /atues & build+s 0 mu* m frequ5t ?an is suppos$4 ,! second "t ,i visit$ ,a!ns1 ,i _h opportunity ( n>r[ly inspect+ ! frieze ( ! ,temple ( ,!seus1 & ,i came away conv9c$ x _h be5 pa9t$40 ,quatremre de ,qu9cey m5tions /atues he has se51 & ref]s especially to ! ,apollo 9 ! ,l\vre1 made ( ,p5telic m>ble1 almo/ all ov] ! nak$ surfaces ( :i* a trace ( r$ 0 fa9tly p]ceptible4 ,! same ) a ,diana at ,v]sailles2 b he adds1 8^! traces gr[ daily fa9t]40 ,! eyes & m\? ( ! colossal ,pallas de ,velletri /ill reta9 ! violet col\r4 ,su* are a few ( ! evid5ces4 ,on exam9+ !m1 we f9d !m n only unequivocal 9 !mselves1 b complem5t>y ( ea* o!r4 ,liv+ te/imony1 suppos+ x to be accept$ )\t demur1 w\ld n suffice to settle ! "q ( :at 0 ! anci5t practice2 = x might n unreasonably be argu$ t ^! traces ( pa9t+ on ! /atues are only evid5ces ( a deg5]ate ta/e--l our :itewa%+ ( ca!drals--& no evid5ces ( ,greek arti/s hav+ p]petrat$ su* (f5ces aga9/ ta/e4 ,b :5 x is se51 by ! te/imony ( anci5t writ]s1 su* z ,plato1 ,pl9y1 ,plut>*1 & ,virgil1 t ! ,greek arti/s did col\r _! /atues1 ! fact ( ! /atues be+ discov]$ ) traces ( col\r is expla9$1 :ile on ! o!r h& ?is fact helps to cle> away all trace ( d\bt :i* might l+] 9 a suppos$ equivocalness 9 ! passages f anci5t writ]s4 ,g4 ,h4 ,,lewes4 8,z reg>ds ar*aic sculpture 9 ,greece1 we may be consid]$ to h decisive pro( f ,pausanias & o!rs1 t ! anci5t sacr$ figures1 t 7 r v5]at$ z idols ?an admir$ = art1 7 (t5 entirely col\r$--fle% & drap]y ) v]milion1 p]haps conv5tionally & rudely en\gh1 z we f9d on ! ar*aic vases1 ! fle% ( wom5 pa9t$ :ite1 & t ( m5 black4 ,! m>ble /atues ( g9a1 & o!rs1 t are works ( truly f9e art1 (f] a second =m ( ! application ( col\r4 ,"h ! eyes1 lips1 drap]ies1 ornam5ts1 & details ( arms1 h _! true local col\r1 b ! monum5ts !mselves only give u ! negative evid5ce ) respect to ! fle%1 t if col\r$ at all1 x mu/ h be5 less solidly4 ,unless x 7 t+$ or /a9$1 x is difficult to und]/& h[ ! effect ( ! col\r$ "p c\ld h be5 o!rwise ?an v disagreeable--spotty1 pat*y1 crude1 gha/ly to ! la/ degree2 b ! exp]im5t might be tri$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is mo/ c]ta9 t 9 ! *ryselephant9e /atues1 ! ,m9]va ( ! ,p>!non1 ! ,jupit] ,olympian1 ! ,juno ( ,argos1 by ,phidias1 & by ,polycletus1 ! greate/ v>iety ( col\r 0 appli$ ?r\gh\t--or r v>iety ( col\r 0 giv5 by ! diff]5t mat]ials ( :i* ^! figures 7 compos$1 ivory1 gold1 v>i\s col\r$ woods1 /ones & gems4 ,b pa9t+ or /a9+ 9 ! prop] s5se ( ! words1 0 c]ta9ly appli$ to "s portions2 z1 = in/ance1 ,pausanias /ates t ! robe ( ,jupit] _h lilies pa9t$ on x4 ,! application ( col\r to ! details ( ! ar*itecture at lea/1 & to portions ( ! ar*itectonic sculpture1 w\ld be absolutely requir$1 to h>monise !m ) ! *ief object 9 ! temple itself4 ,la/ly1 z to ! fle% ( m>ble /atues ( ! be/ age1 no rule c be d$uc$ = ?is f any practice t obta9$ 9 primitive times1 or f *ryselephant9e works1 :i* seem to h be5 9 design$ contra/ 9 ! :ole ( _! treatm5t4 ,! argum5t = col\r on m>ble fle% ( ! be/ age1 f exi/+ rema9s1 s f> z ,i am aw>e1 is equal to z]o4 ,b ! passage respect+ ,nicias & ,polycletus1 is ( v great =ce4 ,!re is no escape f its application to m>ble /atues1 nor f ! great skill t !re 0 occasion & scope = 9 ! circumlitio4 ,:atev] ?is t++ or col\r+ may h be51 we may be sure t x 0 s employ$ z to height5 ! pure/ effects4 ,! edge & %>pness1 & smoo?ness & brilliancy1 ( ! mat]ial1 _c h be5 de/roy$ by x2 r sob]$ x may be1 b /ill enhanc$4 ,d\btless x aid$ ! peculi> glories ( sculpture1 ! display ( =ms1 by r5d]+ !m m visible--idealis$ r ?an imitat$ nature1 & treat$ e "p "u ! law ( reg>d to ! supreme int5tion & s5tim5t ( ! :ole4 ,! same rem>ks 7su* z !y are7 apply to bas-reliefs1 :i*1 h[ev]1 h difficulties ( _! own4 ,vitruvius 7vii4 #i71 aft] describ+ ! prep>ation ( m9ium or v]milion1 goes on to speak ( its liability to *ange col\r f ! action ( direct sunlight1 & gives in/ructions = protect+ x2 he does n m5tion ! m$ium employ$ ) ! col\r1 b z x is insoluble1 we mu/ assume ! use ( size1 z 9 o!r in/ances1 or gum1 c4 ,! wall he is ?9k+ ( is app>5tly /ucco4 #8,:5 ! wall is pa9t$ ) v]milion & dry1 lay on ) a bru% 7( bri/les1 a h>d or r\gh bru%71 ,punic wax melt$ ov] ! fire1 & a little temp]$ ) oil2 !n by means ( hot coals 9 an iron vessel1 w>m ! wall well & make ! wax run1 & equalize itself2 aft]w>ds rub x ) a wax c&le & clean clo?s1 z nude m>ble figures are treat$4' ,pl9y 7xxi4 #ad7 gives ! prep>ation ( ,punic wax by a process ( :i* ! *emical result1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,turn]1 0 a soap ( tw5ty p>ts wax to "o ( soda4 ,he also 7xxxiii4 #g7 describes ! same process z ,vitruvius above1 app>5tly copy+ him or a common au?ority4 ,! wax1 he says1 is appli$ hot1 heat$ ) coals 7admotis gall c>bonibus1 :atev] !y may be71 & !n rubb$ ) wax c&les1 & aft]w>ds ) clean l95 clo?s1 z m>bles also become bright 7or %9y71 7sicut et m>mora nitescunt74 ,n[ h[ mu* ( ! treatm5t ?us express$ applies to sculpture8 ,putt+ ! case mo/ /rongly1 x might be said1--! :ole1 & t no?+ less ?an ! :ole1 w accord ) ! circumlitio ( /atues m5tion$ else:]e1 & by apply+ ! :ole we might connect ^! notices ) ^? ( ,plut>* & ,pausanias ( ! employm5t ( v]milion 9 col\r+ /atues1 ?\gh ^! latt] g = v little z applicable to ! be/ works ( ! be/ "t4 ,! con/ruction ( ! words ( bo? au?ors imply 9 /rictness t ! wax & l95 rubb+s ( /atues 7 appli$ to ! wax previ\sly laid on & heat$4 ,! treatm5t ( /atues is ref]r$ by ,vitruvius specially to ! nude2 x seems1 !re=e1 to h _h connection ) a design to assi/ or height5 ! effect ( ! sculptur$ nude fle%1 z di/+ui%$ f drap]y1 c4 ,?is w\ld be natural en\gh1 ?\gh no col\rs 7 employ$1 or n = e "p1 b if !y 7 we mu/ suppose t ,vitruvius has v]milion 9 8 m9d lead+ him to limit 8 obs]vation4 ,pl9y's expression %[s t ev5 assum+ col\r !re is no opaqu5ess 9 "q4 ,if a v]dict 7 to be giv5 on ?is evid5ce z x /&s1 ,i am mu* dispos$ to ?9k t x mu/ be 9 fav\r ( a t+e ( v]milion1 protect$ by a brilliant v>ni%1 hav+ be5 appli$ to ! nude portions ( 78 "s7 m>ble /atues 9 su* a mann] t bo? col\r & v>ni% assi/$ ! f9e surface & brilliant effect ( ! luc5t m>ble4 ,s mu* = ?is "p ( ! evid5ce & its be>+ on a f9al decision40--,w4 ,w4 ,,lloyd4 ,,mat]ial ,,evid5ce4 ,9 #ahcf a committee 0 appo9t$ by ! ,royal ,in/itute ( ,briti% ,ar*itects1 to exam9e ! ,elg9 ,m>bles 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 9 ord] to asc]ta9 :e!r any evid5ces rema9$ z to ! employm5t ( col\r 9 ! decoration ( ! ar*itecture or sculpture4#e ,footnote #e3 ,extract$ f ! report ( ! committee1 publi%$ 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,royal ,in/itute ( ,briti% ,arti/s1 ,vol4 ,i4 ,"p ,,ii4 #ahdb4 ,?is committee consi/$ ( ,mr4 ,hamilton1 ,sir ,ri*>d ,we/macott1 ,sir ,*>les ,l4 ,ea/lake1 ,r4,a41 ,mr4 ,cock]ell1 ,r4,a41 ,dr4 ,f>aday1 & ,messrs4 ,angell1 ,donaldson1 & ,scoles4 ,! committee f\nd on sev]al ar*itectural fragm5ts f ! ,erec!um & ! ,propylaea ( ,a!ns1 traces ( ornam5ts :i* _h be5 engrav$ ) a tool on ! surface ( ! m>ble1 & also v]ifi$ a diff]5ce ( texture 9 ! p>ts occupi$ by ! col\r$ surface f ! gr\nd1 b 7 unable to decide 8:e!r ! p>ts n[ smoo? & r\gh 7 orig9ally 9 t /ate1 or :e!r ! "p n[ r\gh has become s 9 consequ5ce ( ! action ( ! atmosph]e ^u x1 ! smoo? "p hav+ be5 protect$ f t action by gild+ or col\r40 ,no traces ( col\r 7 discov]$ on any ( ! figures ( ! bas-reliefs1 metopes1 or sculptures ( ! p$im5ts1 b x 0 /at$ to ! committee by ,mr4 ,s>ti1 ! modell]1 :o 0 engag$ 9 tak+ m\lds ( ! :ole s]ies ( ! ,elg9 ,m>bles belong+ to ! ,p>!non1 8t ! :ole surface ( ! m>bles _h be5 twice wa%$ ov] ) soap leys1 subsequ5tly to _! hav+ be5 m\ld$ on =m] occasions1 z t or "s o!r /rong acid is necess>y = ! purpose ( remov+ ! soap :i* is orig9ally put on ! surface 9 ord] to deta* ! pla/] ( ! m\ld2 ,dr4 ,f>aday 0 ( op9ion t ?is circum/ance 0 ( itself suffici5t to h remov$ e ve/ige ( col\r1 :i* might h exi/$ orig9ally on ! surface ( ! m>ble40 ,a lett] 0 read to ! committee1 f ,mr4 ,bracebridge1 8=w>d+ a memor&um ( col\rs & patt]ns f ! ,erec!um2 !y are drawn f ! nor!rn portico ( t conjo9t temple ( ,m9]va ,polias1 ,p&rosus1 & ,erec!us1 s well kn[n 9 ! ,acropolis4 ,?is side ( ! temple1 be+ s well %elt]$ f ! sea breeze1 has pres]v$ its sculptur$ ornam5ts z fre% & %>p z if lately f9i%$2 & ! columns ( ?is portico1 be+ flut$ ) capitals elaborately work$ & well %elt]$1 h reta9$ rema9s ( col\r4 ,at ! top ( ! flut+s especially1 a ?9 coat ( slate-col\r$ pa9t is visible1 at o!r po9ts yell[ & r$ col\r may be trac$2 b ! rema9+ pieces are s small & ! col\rs s mu* fad$1 z to leave ! subject 9 dispute2 ?is be+ alone c]ta9 t !re 0 once col\r c>efully appli$ 7at all ev5ts1 to ! entaglio p>ts ( ! relief or concave p>ts ( ! capitals1 c471 & t ?is col\r 0 ( v>i\s %ades2 ! protub]ant "p ( ! "w reta9s no col\r4 ,! probability t blue1 r$1 & yell[ 7 us$ is v /rong40 ,mr4 ,bracebridge fur!r /ates1 t 89 ! w9t] ( #ahce-f1 an excavation 0 made to ! dep? ( tw5ty-five feet1 at ! s\?-ea/ angle ( ! ,p>!non2 "h rema9s 7 f\nd ( huge blocks ( m>ble fre% f ! qu>ries1 *ipp+s1 c4 c42 & bel[ ^!1 fragm5ts ( vessels1 pott]y1 & burnt wood4 ,no "o :o saw ^! c\ld d\bt t a level 0 dug d[n to bel[ t :]e ! workm5 ( ! ,p>!non _h ?r[n _! refuse m>ble1 9 fact ! level ( ! old ,hecatomp$on1 ( :i* possibly ! burnt wood may h be5 ! rema9s4 8,"h 7 f\nd _m pieces ( m>ble1 & among ^! fragm5ts p>ts ( triglyphs1 ( flut$ columns1 & ( /atues1 p>ticul>ly a female head 7! hair is ne>ly ! co/ume ( ! pres5t day74 8,^! ?ree la/-m5tion$ fragm5ts 7 pa9t$ ) ! brighte/ r$1 blue1 & yell[1 or r v]milion1 ultram>9e1 & /raw col\r1 :i* la/ may h fad$ 9 ! e>?4 8,^! curi\s specim5s are c>efully pres]v$ 9 ! ,acropolis1 b mu* fe> is ent]ta9$ ( _! reta9+ ! brightness ( _! highly contra/$ col\rs = any l5g? ( "t4 ,! col\rs are laid on 9 ?ick coats4 ,! female face _h ! eyes & eyebr[s pa9t$4 ,:5 we consid] ! brilliancy ( ,p5telic m>ble :5 fre% work$1 !re appe>s a reason = us+ col\rs beyond t ( imitat+ ! usages ( ,attica1 9 m anci5t temples1 namely1 t ! m9uti ( ! "w 9 _m p>ts w\ld h be5 lo/ to ! eye amid/ ! g5]al brilliancy40 ,! committee f9ally conclud$ t 8,^u a consid]ation ( all ! facts 9 ! prec$+ m9utes1 x appe>s to ! committee1 t !re rema9 no indications ( col\r artificially appli$ ^u ! surface ( ! /atues & bas-reliefs1 t is ^u ! hi/orical sculpture4 ,t1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,f>aday's op9ion1 ^? portions ( ! m>bles1 :i*1 f ! tone & surface might be suppos$ to be ! result ( col\r appli$ !reon1 are ! orig9al surface ( ! m>ble1 /a9$ by ! atmosph]e1 ! pres5ce ( iron 9 ! m>ble1 or by "s su* natural cause4 ,t "s ( ! ar*itectural fragm5ts pres5t indisputable traces ( tone1 indicative ( regul> ar*itectural ornam5ts1 & ! outl9es ( su* ornam5ts are di/9ctly traceable1 be+ m>k$ ) a %>p in/rum5t on ! surface ( ! m>ble4 8,! committee _c positively /ate1 f ! appe>ance ( ! m>ble1 t su* tones h be5 produc$ by col\r1 z !y ?9k t none ( ! col\r itself rema9s1 b t ! indication ( tone results f ! m]e v>iation ( surface4 ,judg+1 h[ev]1 f ! in=mation conta9$ 9 ,mr4 ,bracebridge's communication1 !re appe>s no reason to d\bt t col\r has be5 appli$4 ,?is is confirm$ by ! portions ( coat+s br\ght f ,a!ns by ,mr4 ,donaldson1 & analys$ by ,dr4 ,f>aday1 :o has detect$ frit1 or vitre\s sub/ance1 & c>bonate ( copp]1 mix$ ) wax1 & a fragrant gum4 ,?is analysis proves t ! surface ( ! %afts ( ! columns ( ! ,!seum & o!r p>ts ( ! edifices f :i* ^! coat+s 7 tak51 7 cov]$ ) a col\r$ coat+4 ,! glass eyes also ( ! ,ionic capitals ( ! tetra/yle portico ( ! ,acropolis1 at ,a!ns1 prove1 t v>i\s mat]ials 7 employ$ by ! ,a!nians 9 ! decoration ( ! ext]ior ( _! m>ble build+s4 8,b al?\gh ! /atues & bas-reliefs ( ! ,p>!non1 at lea/ ^? portions ( !m pres]v$ 9 ! ,elg9 ,collection1 d n af=d any evid5ce ( ! use ( col\r1 yet !re is a con/ant repetition ( small circul> holes 9 ! horses' heads & manes1 & 9 "o h& ( ea* rid]1 %[+ t !re _h be5 orig9ally bridles & /raps to ! horses1 ei!r ( metal1 lea!r1 or "s o!r simil> sub/ance4 ,simil> holes are p]ceptible 9 ! /atue1 ,no4 #id 79 r$71 ( ,pros]p9e1 "o ( ! two female figures ( ! ea/]n tympanum ( ! ,p>!non1 call$ also ! ,seasons or ! ,h\rs2 !y are 9 ! arm1 j above ! wri/1 app>5tly = ! purpose ( atta*+ bracelets1 & 9 ! %\ld]s at ! junction ( ! drap]y1 z ?\gh a metal rosette _h be5 affix$ !re4 ,on ! neck ( "o ( ! ,fates1 ,no4 #ig 79 r$71 are also two holes1 :i* seem to h be5 = a necklace4 ,9 ! back ( ! torso ( ,victory1 ,no4 #if 79 r$71 are l>ge holes1 9 :i* x is suppos$ bronze w+s 7 fa/5$4 ,no4 #aja 79 r$7 is a fragm5t ( ! upp] "p ( ! head#f ( ,m9]va2 ! sockets ( ! eyes are holl[1 & 7 evid5tly fill$ ) metal or ) col\r$ /ones1 & holes rema9 9 ! upp] "p ( ! head1 af=d+ a presumption t !re 0 orig9ally a bronze helmet atta*$ to ! m>ble4 ,! angles ( ! gis ( ,no4 #ajb 79 r$71 :i* is a fragm5t ( ! /atue ( ,m9]va1 "o ( ! pr9cipal figures ( ! we/]n p$im5t1 are drill$ ) holes1 by :i* ! metallic s]p5ts 7 atta*$1 & 9 ! c5tre a head ( ! ,gorgon40 ,footnote #f3 8,?is fragm5t alone may p]haps be consid]$ z an exception to ! previ\s /atem5t1 t !re are no evid5ces ( col\r on ! /atues or figures ( ! ,p>!non4 ,! hair appe>s to h a r$ t9t1 :i* becomes di/9ctly app>5t ^u ! application ( wat]40--,note ( ! ,committee4 7,sign$7 8,,?os4 ,l4 ,,donaldson1 ,hon4 ,sec40 ,! foll[+ is ! report :i* 0 laid be=e ! committee1 f ,dr4 ,f>aday1 ^u "s portions ( coat+s ( m>ble tak5 f sev]al build+s1 at ,a!ns1 by ,pr(essor ,donaldson4 8,,my ,,de> ,,sir1 8,i return y ! box1 ) ! rema9s ( ! samples4 8,a4 ,portion ( coat+ tak5 f ! ant ( ! ,propylaeum4 8,! blue produc$ by c>bonate ( copp]3 wax be+ m+l$ ) ! col\r4 8,b4 ,portion ( coat+ tak5 f ! s(fits ( ! mutules ( ! ,!seum4 8,! blue is a frit or vitre\s sub/ance col\r$ by copp]4 ,wax is pres5t "h4 8,c4 ,portion ( coat+ tak5 f ! columns ( ! ,!seum4 8,i am d\btful ab\t ?is surface4 ,i d n f9d wax or a m9]al col\r1 unless x be "o due to a small portion ( iron4 ,a fragrant gum appe>s to be pres5t 9 "s pieces1 & a combu/ible sub/ance 9 all4 ,p]haps "s vegetable sub/ance has be5 us$4 8,d4 ,portions ( coat+s f ! caissons or lacun>ia ( ! ,!seum4 8,! blue is a copp] frit1 or glass1 ) wax4 8,e4 ,portions ( coat+ f ! nor!rn w+ ( ! ,propylaea4 8,! col\r a c>bonate ( copp]4 ,wax is pres5t4 8,f4 ,ditto1 ditto 7nor? w+ ( ! ,propylaea7 z ,e4 8,i also return y ! draw+s & lett]4 8,e truly y\rs1 7,sign$7 8,m4 ,,f>aday4 8,t4 ,l4 ,donaldson1 ,esq41 c40 ,,on ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,poly*romy ,,9 ,,ar*itecture4#g ,,by ,,pr(essor ,,semp]4 ,f ! "t ( antiquity to our own day m5 h s\ght to discov] or inv5t ! probable orig9 ( ! v>i\s sy/ems ( ar*itecture4 ,besides ! well kn[n hut ( ,vitruvius1 & ! no less celebrat$ grotto ( ! ,i*?yophagi or fi%-eat+ races1 7! suppos$ type ( ! ,egyptian temples71 ! t5t ( ! ,nomad1 or w&]+ races1 occupies a v important place 9 our !ories ( ! orig9 ( /yles4 ,9 ! cat5>y =m$ by ! fall ( ! drap]y ( a ,mongol t5t1 has be5 recognis$ ! type ( ,*9ese & ,t>t> ar*itecture4 ,footnote #g3 ,extract$ f an ,essay writt5 9 #aheb1 & publi%$ 9 ,g]many "u ! title ( 8,! ,f\r ,elem5ts ( ,ar*itecture40 ,by ,,pr(essor ,,gottfri$ ,,semp]4 ,b no notice has be5 tak5 ( ! mu* m evid5t & less d\btful influ5ce1 :i* drap]y itself1 9 its quality ( a v]tical wall1 or p>tition1 has ex]cis$ on c]ta9 ar*itectural =ms4 ,nev]!less x is ! motif :i* ,i v5ture to cite1 z ! "o on :i* anci5t art has be5 pr9cipally f\nd$4 ,x is well kn[n t ! nasc5t ta/e = ! beautiful among ^? races :i* are 9 a /ate ( social infancy1 is fir/ ex]cis$ 9 ! manufacture ( co>se tissues1 :i* s]ve ei!r z b$s or z p>titions4 ,! art ( dress is less anci5t ?an t ( ! manufacture ( /uffs1 z sev]al examples ( p to :om clo?+ is unkn[n1 & :o nev]!less possess an indu/ry1 m or less develop$1 9 tissues & embroid]y1 may satisfy u4 ,! e>lie/ wov5 "w w\ld seem to be ! f5ce1 t is1 bran*es ( trees int]lac$1 s]v+ ! purpose ( enclosure & ( p>tition4 ,! mo/ savage tribes are acqua9t$ ) ?is me?od ( con/ruction4 ,?us ! employm5t ( co>se tissue or wov5 "w 7:i* 0 a m]e f5ce7 z a means ( secur+ privacy f ! _w outside c]ta9ly f> prec$$ ! con/ruct$ wall ( /one1 or ( any o!r mat]ial2 ?is la/ only became necess>y at a mu* lat] p]iod1 = requirem5ts :i* 9 _! nature be> no relation :atev] to space & its subdivision4 ,! /one wall 0 made = great] security1 long] duration1 & to s]ve z a support = heaps ( v>i\s mat]ials & /ores2 9 f9e1 = purposes =eign to ! orig9al idea2 viz41 t ( ! sep>ation ( space1 & x is mo/ important to rem>k1 t :]ev] ! second>y motives did n exi/1 wov5 fabrics ma9ta9$1 almo/ )\t exception1 especially 9 s\!rn l&s1 _! anci5t (fice1 t ( ! o/5sible sep>ation ( space2 & ev5 9 cases :]e ! con/ruction ( solid walls became necess>y1 ^! la/ are b ! int]nal & unse5 scaffold+ ( ! true & legitimate repres5tatives ( division1 t is to say1 ( drap]y ri*ly v>i$ ) ornam5tal "w1 int]lac+s1 & col\rs4 ,! diff]5ce :i* exi/s betwe5 ! o/5sible & pr9cipal sep>ation1 & ! con/ruct$ sep>ation1 is express$ 9 anci5t & mod]n languages by t]ms m or less significative4 ,9 ! ,lat9 tongue1 a di/9ction is made betwe5 p>ies & murus4 ,! ,g]mans1 9 ! ^w w& 7( ! same root ) gew&1 :i* means texture7 recal /ill m directly ! anci5t orig9 & type ( a wall4 ,new inv5tions soon l$ to diff]5t me?ods ( replac+ ! primitive drap]y1 & e art 0 successively call$ 9 to contribute its "p to ^! innovations1 :i* may h be5 br\ght ab\t by v>i\s reasons2 su*1 = example1 z ! desire = long] endurance1 = ! sake ( cleanl9ess1 economy1 com=t1 di/9ction1 coolness1 heat1 c4 ,"o ( ! mo/ anci5t & mo/ g5]al me?ods ( replac+ ! use ( drap]y or tape/ry is ! coat ( /ucco or ( pla/]1 furni%$ by ! masons :o built ! walls4 ,ano!r v anci5t me?od ( replac+ ! orig9al tape/ry is1 t ( wood5 panels1 ) :i* ! wall 0 cov]$ int]nally4 ,t :i* proves ! antiquity ( ?is cu/om is1 t 9 sev]al anci5t languages ! expression :i* is only prop]ly applicable to panels ( wood1 s]ves indiff]5tly to signify e k9d ( flat surface 7table7 9 wood1 metal1 ivory1 or any o!r mat]ial4 ,x is ?us we mu/ expla9 ! ,greek expression 1 79 ,lat9 tabula7 z a pa9t+ on wood1 or also on m>ble1 bak$ clay1 c4 ,plates ( burnt clay1 ?9 b ( l>ge circumf]5ce1 7 equally call$ 840 ,! /yle ( mural pa9t+ at ,pompeii is only to be und]/ood by ! same anci5t cu/om ( cov]+ & inlay+ ! walls :i* !y reproduc$ 9 appe>ance by divisions & pa9t$ drap]ies4 ,see ,vitruvius1 on ?is po9t1 9 ! *apt] on ,pla/]+4 ,wiegmann has err$ 9 attribut+ ! same sy/em ( anci5t pa9t+ to purely te*nic causes4 ,! ,c]amic art 01 9 its turn1 call$ on z a means ( replac+ drap]y4 ,x is c]ta9 t pott]'s clay pa9t$1 & ev5 glaz$1 s]v$1 at a v remote p]iod1 z a cov]+ = walls4 ,x may ev5 be admitt$1 t ! employm5t ( ! pott]'s art on ! surface ( walls1 prec$$ ! manufacture ( burnt bricks1 & t ! inv5tion ( burn+ bricks 0 ! result ( ! cu/om cit$ above4 ,! mural incru/ations 9 bak$ clay 7 ! precursors ( brick masonry2 9 ! same mann] z ! ,assyrian slabs may be consid]$ to be ! =]unn]s ( con/ructions 9 hewn /one4 ,we %all return aga9 to ?is subject4 ,among ! v>i\s me?ods ( replac+ ! use ( drap]y1 %\ld be also m5tion$ ^? furni%$ by metallurgic processes4 ,ve/iges ( metallic cov]+s on walls h be5 f\nd on ! olde/ exi/+ monum5ts2 & ! mo/ anci5t annals ( mank9d are fill$ ) recitals ( build+s respl5d5t ) gold & silv]1 bronze & t9 respectively4 ,z an inv5tion ( relatively rec5t date1 may be cit$ la/ly1 ! use ( slabs ( m>ble or /one1 granite1 alaba/]1 c41 not)/&+ t we f9d traces ( ?is cu/om1 b z x 7 already effac$1 on ! mo/ anci5t monum5ts ( ! e>?4 7,see f>!r on74 ,9 all ! cases we h nam$1 ! "* ( ! sub/itute foll[$ t ( its orig9al type1 & ! pa9t+ & sculpture1 or r ! two unit$1 on wood1 pla/]1 burnt clay1 metal1 /one1 or ivory1 0--& traditionally cont9u$ to be--an imitation1 m or less fai?ful1 ( ! embroid]ies or v>iegat$ int]lac+s :i* ornam5t$ ! antique wall-cov]+s4 ,x may be ass]t$ t ! entire sy/em ( decoration1 ) ! art ( pa9t+ & sculpture 9 relief1 up to ! p]iod ( its highe/ application1 :i* is t ( ! tympanums ( ! p$im5ts 9 ! ,greek temples1 proce$$ f ! manufactures ( ! ,assyrian weav]s & dy]s2 or r f _! pr$ecessors 9 human inv5tions4 ,9 any case1 x 0 ! ,assyrians--next to ! ,*9ese--:o appe> to h pres]v$ mo/ fai?fully ! antique type1 ev5 9 its application to a diff]5t mat]ial4 ,we w ent] a little m explicitly on ?is subject4 ,,! ,,assyrians4 ,! anci5t writ]s (t5 m5tion & praise ! ,assyrian tissues = ! art employ$ 9 _! manufacture2 = ! spl5d\r & h>mony ( _! col\rs1 & ! ri*ness ( ! fanciful compositions ) :i* !y 7 embroid]$4 ,! my/ical figures ( buc5taurs1 lions1 dragons1 unicorns1 & o!r mon/]s1 :i* ! au?ors describe1 are absolutely id5tical ) ^? :i* we see on ! bas-reliefs ( ,nimr\d & ,khorsabad4 ,b ?is id5tity 0 n 9 ! subjects alone4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! mann] ( treatm5t1 ! /yle ( ^! subjects1 0 id5tical ) t ( ! objects embroid]$ on ! tissues1 :i* anci5t au?ors h describ$4 ,on exam9+ some:at att5tively ! ,assyrian sculptures1 x is easy to satisfy oneself t ! art ( ! ,assyrian sculptor mov$ )9 limits traceable f its orig91 viz41 embroid]$ "w1 all[ance be+ made = c]ta9 alt]ations ( /yle1 caus$ by ! requirem5ts ( a new mat]ial4 ,"o p]ceives 9 ^! ,assyrian sculptures1 ! desire on ! arti/'s "p ( an att5tion to ! tru? ( ,nature1 b t he has be5 h9d]$ 9 8 task1 n--z ) ! ,egyptians--by a regul> hi]oglyphic sy/em & hi]atical laws1 b r by ! caprices ( a me?od difficult1 & inde$ =eign to sculpture1 ! influ5ce ( :i* 0 /ill /rongly felt4 ,?us ! sculpture ( ?is p kept itself )9 ! b\nds ( a v l[ & flat relief1 exactly simil> to t ( "s productions ( ,*9ese wov5 "w1 se5 9 ! ,great ,exhibition ( #ahea1 :i* possess$ peculi> int]e/ 9 ! hi/ory ( ,art1 inasmu* z !y exhibit$ ! transition ( ! high wo( into poly*romic bas-relief4 ,! ,assyrian figures1 )\t be+ embalm$ mummies l ^? ( ,egypt1 %[1 nev]!less1 mu* /iffness & irregul>ity2 !y appe> z x 7 imprison$ & conf9$ )9 an invisible canvas4 ,_! cont\rs are1 s to speak1 tack$ 9 ) ?reads4 ,"o recognises 9 !m an awkw>dness & h>dness aris+ f ! conte/ ( ! arti/ ) a mat]ial =eign to ! /yle3 :il/ ! ,egyptian bas-reliefs ev9ce an orig9al1 canonical1 & volunt>y /iffness4 ,i am tempt$ to believe t all ^? slabs ( alaba/] f ,assyria1 ) _! religi\s1 w>like1 & dome/ic sc5es1 are no?+ m ?an exact copies 9 /one1 aft] orig9als 9 tissues1 at t "t celebrat$ & execut$ by good native arti/s1 :o work$ on t mat]ial only1 :il/ !y employ$ m]e workm5 to transf] ! orig9als on to /one1 z well z ! mat]ial w\ld all[1 :i* expla9s ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! design & execution :i* ^! works betray4 ,?is same "* is also f\nd on ! ,assyrian pa9t+s4 ,x is n to be d\bt$ t ! true tape/ries 7 employ$ ) pr(usion1 side by side ) ! /]eotyp$ copies3 & probably ^! la/ 7 (t5 cov]$ ) ! orig9als1 on ! occasion ( solemn c]emonies1 c41 & t !y 7 only expos$ dur+ ! int]vals betwe5 ! ftes1 c4 ,we obs]ve ! same ?+ at ?is day 9 ! ,ca?olic *ur*es1 :]e ?is anci5t cu/om1 ) _m o!rs1 is /rictly pres]v$4 ,! inscriptions & _! application 9 b&s1 indicate ! same orig94 ,does x n appe> z if ! cunei=m *>act]s 7 inv5t$ & design$ = execution 9 ne$lework8 ,9 f9e1 ! simplicity ( ! sy/em ( pav+ ( ! rooms1 o!rwise s ri*ly ornam5t$1 goes to prove t !y 7 orig9ally cov]$ ) tape/ry4 ,x is only ! slabs :i* =m ! cills ( ! doors on :i* tape/ry c\ld n be plac$1 :i* inde$ =m an exception1 be+ ornam5t$ ) engrav$ "w1 9 imitation ( tape/ry4 7,see ,lay>d47 ,x is ?us t ^! la/ became also ! types ( p>quetry "w 9 mosaic4 ,up to ! pres5t po9t1 we h only consid]$ :at relates to ! repres5tations f\nd on ! ,assyrian slabs4 ,b ^!1 9 !mselves1 give u /ill m cause = reflection1 & s+ul>ly ju/ify our ass]tion ( ! importance1 9 an ar*itectural po9t ( view1 ( ! cov]+s ( walls4 ,! pr9ciple ( panell+ con/ruct$ "w %[s itself "h 9 all its primitive simplicity4 ,we "k t almo/ all ! l[] portions ( walls1 )9 & )\t1 7 cov]$ ) ?9 slabs ( alaba/] or basalt4 ,! same pr9ciple "u ano!r =m1 obta9$ 9 ! upp] portions ( ! walls2 "h1 ! walls ( unbak$ brick 7 inlaid ) glaz$ bricks2 b ! plan pursu$ by ! ,assyrians 9 execut+ ?is incru/ation diff]s greatly f t :i* we obs]ve else:]e1 & f :at we pursue at ! pres5t day4 ,! ,assyrian bricks are only glaz$ on ! ext]nal side1 & ! ornam5ts & o!r subjects :i* 7 figur$ on !m 9 ! glaz+1 be> no relation to ! con/ruction1 s t ! ornam5tal l9es cross ! jo9ts ( ! bricks irregul>ly4 ,! enamel is v fusible & ! bricks b slightly burnt1 evid5tly ) ! sole int5tion ( fix+ ! glaz+ on !m1 :i* induces me to conjecture1 t ! use ( glaz$ pott]y prec$$ & prep>$ ! way = t ( bak$ bricks1 & t ! art ( pott]y 0 already f> advanc$ be=e ! introduction ( burnt brick "w4 ,o!r indications :i* w\ld take too long to specify "h1 h prov$ to me1 t ! bricks receiv$ _! coat+ plac$ 9 a horizontal position3 ,fir/1 !y 7 rang$ 9 ! ord] :i* !y w\ld take :5 9 _! place1 !y !n trac$ ! design =m$ on ?is arrangem5t ( unburnt bricks2 next1 !y cov]$ ) ^! pa9t$ bricks--obs]v+ /ill ! same ord]--! int]ior ( ! room2 & la/ly1 !y plac$ a fire 9 ! room to fix ! v>ni% :i* cov]$ ! walls4#h ,footnote #h3 ,! same me?od is to be f\nd 9 "s old build+s 9 ,scotl&4 ,x results1 f :at ,i h obs]v$1 t ! decoration ( ! wall did n dep5d ^u ! con/ruction ( ! same1 ev5 :5 bak$ & glaz$ bricks 7 employ$4 ,! con/ructive sy/em--aft] ! mann] ( mosaic--( decoration 9 enamell$ bricks is a lat] inv5tion1 probably a ,roman "o4 ,! enamell$ ,assyrian bricks1 %\ld be reg>d$ z a mural incru/ation1 z a cov]+ absolutely indep5d5t ( ! wall itself1 & ev5 ( ! t]ra-cotta slab or tile1 on :i* x 0 directly fix$4 ,,! ,,p]sians4 ,! ,assyrian sy/em ( panell+ ! l[] portions ( _! build+s ) slabs ( alaba/]1 may be consid]$ z ! fir/ /ep t[>ds con/ruction 9 hewn /one1 & t[>ds ! introduction ( ! 8c\pe de pi]re0 into ! numb] ( ar*itectural & ornam5tal elem5ts4 ,x is only 9 ! t]races1 & ! sub-basem5ts ( build+s1 9 ! primitive ages ( art1 t hewn /one & its con/ruction appe>$ to ! eye4 ,^! p>ts ( ! build+s 7 ! mason's olde/ doma94 ,! ,p]sian monum5ts ( ,murgaub & ,i/akir1 af=d u ! means ( obs]v+ ! second /ep :i* decorative art made t[>ds ! pr9ciple ( con/ruction4 ,!y 7 compos$1 l _! models 9 ,assyria1 ( unbak$ bricks1 ( :i* no?+ rema9s1 :il/ h[ev]1 ! direction ( ! walls is /ill indicat$ by m>ble pill>s1 :i* orig9ally s]v$ to /r5g!n ! angles ( ! walls1 & by ! jambs ( doors & w9d[s & by ni*es1 ) :i* ! walls 7 ornam5t$4 ,all ^! p>ts 7 ornam5t$ 9 ! ,assyrian mann]1 & te/ify to ! pr9ciples ( :i* we h be5 speak+4 ,b "h we h no long] slabs1 b hewn masses ( /one ( enorm\s dim5sions1 frequ5tly monoli?s4 ,nev]!less1 9 spite ( _! solidity1 !y betray _! type1 9 a mo/ rem>kable mann]1 inasmu* z !y =m a k9d ( framework holl[$ out int]nally to receive ! mass ( masonry 9 unbak$ brick1 :i* !y 7 design$ to cov] & to protect1 & :i*1 9 ! int]spaces ( ! pill>s & jambs above-nam$1 7 cov]$ ) slabs ( m>ble1 or m probably1 ) panels ( cypress-wood1 cov]$ 9 turn by plates ( gold & silv]1 or x may be also ) ri*ly embroid]$ /uffs4 ,,! ,,egyptians4 ,! !ocratic sy/em ( ! ,egyptians1 al?\gh its orig9 ext5ds beyond ! horizon ( hi/ory & ev5 ( tradition1 is n ! less bas$ on ! ru9s ( a social /ate m anci5t /ill1 & mu* m natural4 ,! f\nd]s ( ?is sy/em1 h alt]$ ! primitive /yle ( ar*itectural decoration 9 petrify+ x2 t is to say1 9 mak+ x a /yle em95tly adapt$ = /one con/ructions & monum5ts4 ,b amid/ ! hi]oglyphical symbols may /ill be recognis$ ! traces ( its orig91 obscure x is true1 b unmi/akeable4 ,x has be5 obs]v$ by travell]s 9 ,egypt1 t ,egyptian art be>s q a diff]5t "* 9 ! sepul*ral tombs1 to t :i* is obs]v$ on ! great temples & palace temples ( ! k+s4 ,x is t 9 ^! sepul*ral *amb]s1 art c\ld move some:at m freely ?an x 0 p]mitt$ to d 9 ^? gr& monum5tal edifices1 :i* 7 rais$ "u ! imm$iate influ5ce ( ! prie/hood4 ,n[ x has be5 prov$ t 9 all ! tombs1 ! anci5t me?od ( drap+ ! walls1 or r ( decorat+ !m 9 ! /yle ( tape/ry1 0 app>5t 9 its greate/ simplicity4 ,x is obs]vable1 fir/ 9 ! "* ( ! ornam5ts !mselves1 :i* consi/ ( int]lac+s & gracefully v>i$ knots1 :il/ ^! decorations borr[$ f ! weav]'s art1 are almo/ bani%$ f ! temples & are replac$ by symbolic figures & ornam5t4 ,x may be recognis$1 9 ! second place1 by ! fact1 t ! pa9t+s 9 ! sepul*ral tombs are g5]ally enclos$ ) bord]s1 z if to indicate t !y repres5t susp5d$ tape/ry4 ,al?\gh ?is primitive type %[s itself less positively 9 ! temples1 indications are nev]!less n want+ :i* rem9d u ( x4 ,! contempor>y arti/s ( ! ,fr5* exp$ition h already obs]v$--& _! discov]y has be5 s9ce !n v]ifi$--t ! monum5ts ( ,egypt1 includ+ ev5 ^? execut$ 9 granite1 h be5 cov]$ ) a complete coat+ ( col\r & v>ni%1 ov] ! entire surface4 ,t inde$ might be expect$1 = ! hewn /onework ( ! ,egyptian con/ructions1 9 spite ( ! neatness ( its workman%ip1 is n laid 9 regul> c\rses1 :i* t5ds to prove t ?is irregul>ity1 :i* contra/s ) ! symmetrical sy/em ( ! decoration on x1 0 hidd5 b5ea? a coat+ :i* cov]$ ! :ole mass4 ,^! monum5ts exhibit !n ! ?ird transition /ep t[>ds regul> con/ruction 9 hewn /one4 ,! con/ruction1 ?\gh massive & real1 is always hidd51 & does n ent] yet z an ornam5tal motive 9 ! compositions ( ! ar*itect4 ,x is wor?y ( obs]vation1 t "o ( ! m\ld+s ( ,egyptian ar*itecture seems to be expla9$ by ! same anci5t cu/om ( encru/+ brick build+s ) /one slabs1 :i* we h rem>k$ on ! ,assyrian monum5ts4 ,i allude to ! torus m\ld+ :i* encloses ! ext]nal walls ( edifices4 ,x s]v$ to hide ! jo9ts ( ! slabs :i* cov]$ ! int]nal "w4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! mo/ anci5t monum5ts 9 ,egypt 7 con/ruct$ 9 unbak$ bricks1 :i* mu/ h be5 cov]$ ) /one slabs 9 ! mann] above indicat$4 ,! ,pyramids af=d u v rem>kable examples ( ?is sy/em ( panell+1 :i* is f\nd /ill p]fect 9 ! sepul*ral *amb]s conta9$ 9 !m1 & ! traces ( :i* are /ill visible on ! ext]ior4 ,! same obs]vation applies to ! ,palace ( ,osirtes5 at ,k>nak1 ! walls ( :i* are panell$ ) slabs ( poli%$ r$ granite1 be>+ ! traces ( a transp>5t coat+ ) :i* !y 7 cov]$4 ,,! ,,*9ese4 ,*9a is a c\ntry :]e ar*itecture has rema9$ /ation>y f its e>ly bir?1 &1 consequ5tly1 ! elem5t>y motives ( x are mo/ di/9ctly pres]v$2 !y are plac$ side by side1 )\t be+ conjo9$ by a g5]al rul+ idea4 ,! ext]nal surface ( ! wall is /ill q indep5d5t ( ! wall itself1 & inde$ is mo/ frequ5tly movable4 ,! wall be>s its own burd5 alone1 & has only 9 view ! fill+ up ( ! int]vals betwe5 ! wood5 columns :i* support ! ?ird elem5t>y want1 7i4 e47 ! ro(4 ,! wall is only a scre51 m or less solidly execut$ ?an o!rs1 con/ruct$ 9 slight brick "w1 cov]$ ext]nally ) pa9t$ /ucco decoration or int]lac$ cane "w1 & int]nally ) tape/ry1 or its sub/itute1 pa9t$ pap]4 ,! int]nal divisions are =m$ by scre5s ( ! same description1 & by drap]y hung f ! ceil+4 ,! design ( ! ornam5t1 pa9t$ & c>v$ ^u !m & ?r\gh\t ! build+1 is f\nd$ on ! same pr9ciple ( int]lac+s & cane trellis-"w1 m or less intricate1 & h>dly to be recognis$ ?r\gh ! oddities ( successive fa%ions4 ,a poly*romy1 ri* & brilliant1 prevails1 :i* has n be5 consid]$ ) t att5tion :i* x des]ves 9 its relation ) ! anci5t /yle ( poly*romy4 ,,! ,,indians4 ,! monum5ts ( ,ori5tal ,india1 be> ! impress ( a settl$ civilisation1 at lea/ ( ! t]ti>y p]iod4 ,!y are comp>atively mod]n 9 pr9ciple & 9 date2 b !y furni% u1 nev]!less1 ) v important h9ts on ! hi/ory ( poly*romy4 ,! frequ5t use ( /ucco1 :i* is bett] made 9 ,india ?an any:]e else1 recals ! sy/em ( ! anci5ts1 9 cov]+ _! f9e hewn /onework ) a v f9e & h>d incru/ation ( /ucco4 ,! ,indian edifices con/itute1 z x 71 b a scaffold+ f :i* to hang ! drap]y =m+ divisions ( _! spaces1 z 9 ,*9a1 & z =m]ly 9 ,assyria1 ,egypt1 & ,greece4 ,,! ,,jews ,,& ,,ph5icians4 ,at pres5t we h only m5tion$ exi/+ examples2 b ! anci5t writ+s furni% u ) o!r no less important matt]4 ,! description ( ! celebrat$ ,ark ( ,moses1 & ( ! ,tab]nacle1 tak5 ) t ( ! ,temple ( ,david1 conta9s a complete hi/ory ( poly*romy4 ,?is curi\s recital ( ,jewi% antiquities pres5ts u ) a progressive developm5t ( t elem5t>y pr9ciple ( ar*itecture :i* ,i t]m 8! ,enclosure40 ,! docum5ts & *ronicles ( o!r nations furni% u ) p>allels to :at is conta9$ 9 ! holy writ+s4 ,! ,temple ( ! ,slaves at ,me*l5burg1 accord+ to ! description ( ,b>on von ,rumohr1 on ! fai? ( anci5t *ronicl]s2 0 con/ruct$ 9 ! ,ori5tal fa%ion1 & ri*ly ornam5t$ ) tape/ry & gild$ wood "w4 ,,! ,,greeks4 ,we n[ come to ! ,greeks4 ,hell5ic art mu/ h p>tak5 ( ! composite "* :i* is manife/$ 9 ,hell5ism g5]ally1 & :i* is s well express$ 9 ! ,grecian my?ology4 ,z ! beautiful m>ble1 :i* =ms ! cliffs & coa/s ( ,greece1 not)/&+ its homog5e\s trans=mation1 betrays by ve9s1 by fossils1 & o!r indications1 its s$im5t>y orig91 s ,hell5ism1 al?\gh x may appe> homog5e\s1 & ca/--s to speak--9 "o s+le jet1 betrays1 nev]!less1 its second>y orig91 & ! s$im5t :i* con/itutes its mat]ial gr\ndwork4 ,x w\ld be important to foll[ up ^! ve/iges ( rudim5t>y ,hell5ism1 s9ce !y might enlight5 u on c]ta9 ph5om5a 9 ,hell5ic art1 :i* h be5 up to ! pres5t "t inexplicable )\t !m4 ,?is applies especially to ! poly*romy ( ,greek edifices4 ,mu* yet rema9s to be done 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( ,art ,hi/ory1 :i* has be5 g5]ally discuss$ ei!r by le>n$ m5 b no arti/s1 or arti/s ) little le>n+4 ,! ve/iges ( rudim5t>y ,hell5ism ( :i* ,i speak1 :]ev] visible1 pres5t ! same features t we meet ) 9 ,assyria1 ,egypt1 & ,*9a1 & ev5 among savage races2 b x w\ld appe> t ! ,greeks1 prior to treat+ 9 _! peculi> mann] ^? pr9ciples ( art :i* !y inh]it$1 _h p>tly =gott5 _! orig9 & _! mat]ial or hi]atical mean+4 ,?us1 only1 c\ld !y h _h ! m9d free1 & ready to comm5ce !m anew ) an arti/ic & poetical feel+4 ,exactly ! same ?+ occurr$ 9 _! my?ology1 :i* is only poetic fiction bas$ on traditions & fables1 p>tly native1 p>tly =eign1 ! primitive mean+ ( :i* 0 no long] und]/ood by ! poets1 :o =m$ !m into ! gr\ndwork ( _! cosmogony4 ,! sy/em ( ,greek poly*romy is ! ri*e/ ( all ^? ( antiquity2 b x is1 app>5tly1 bas$ nei!r on a pr9ciple ( con/ruction or mat]ial z among ! ,assyrians1 nor on a hi]>*ical pr9ciple z among ! ,egyptians4 ,! mo/ /rik+ oppositions ( pr9ciple are f\nd unit$ 9 x & h>monis$1 a m arti/ic & elevat$1 b less positive conception4 ,nev]!less1 ?is applies only to ! edifices ( a p]iod :5 art 0 9 a /ate ( high developm5t among !m1 s9ce ! anci5t ,doric sy/em appe>s to h _h mu* 9 common ) ,egyptian art be=e x 0 p5etrat$ by ,ionian influ5ce1 :i* dep5d$ r on ,asiatic traditions4 ,i am conv9c$ t ! /yle ( ,doric poly*romy 0 ess5tially diff]5t to t ( ! ,ionic1 :i* 01 not)/&+1 ( equal antiquity & orig9ality4 ,doric poly*romy 0 bas$ on ! ,egyptian sy/em1 :il/ t ( ,ionia 0 bas$ on ,asiatic models4 ,! fir/ nam$ 0 lapid>y2 ! col\rs 7 deta*$ on a :iti% or yell[i% gr\nd2 !re 0 no gild+1 & ! use ( blue 0 common1 t be+ ! holy col\r ( ! ,egyptians 7a turquoise blue71 ! symbolic col\r ( ! prie/hood & ari/ocracy4 ,! second 0 m primitive 9 its nature & recall$ m directly ! elem5t>y motive ( tape/ry & embroid]y4 ,! gr\nd 0 g5]ally ( a r deep col\r1 blue or r$1 ev5 9 ! con/ructive portions1 su* z ! %afts ( columns1 ar*itraves1 c41 a good deal ( gild+ & sea-gre5 7pras9um7 0 us$2 ! fav\rite col\r ( ! ,assyrians1 ! symbolic col\r ( absolutism & ( democracy4 ,! gre5 is /ill n[ ! holy col\r ( ! successors ( ! ,assyrians 9 ,asia4 ,?is diff]5ce ( /yle1 analogically obs]vable 9 ! music ( ^! two races1 expla9s ! div]g5t inve/igations made on ! temples ( ,sicily1 & ^? ( ,a!ns4 ,! monum5ts ( ,a!ns1 ,doric 9 _! g5]al appe>ance p>took1 nev]!less1 a good deal ( ! ,ionic "*4 ,! ,ionic m9d _h p5etrat$ ,doric matt]1 & col\r be+ ! lea/ mat]ial 0 t :i* ! ,ionian s5tim5t mo/ easily ma/]$4 ,x w\ld be a difficult b v int]e/+ task to unravel ! religi\s & political signification ( c]ta9 col\rs 9 anci5t times4 ,we "k t r$1 blue1 turquoise1 & sea-gre51 7 ! f\r col\rs by :i* ! factions ( ! circus di/+ui%$ !mselves4 ,^! 7 n caprici\sly *os51 ea* faction hav+ adopt$ t col\r1 ! symbolic & traditional mean+ ( :i* agre$ ) ! political pr9ciples pr(ess$ by x4 ,traces ( ! antique sy/em ( cov]+ con/ruction ) tables ( wood1 plates ( metal1 or slabs ( /one1 repres5t+ tape/ry-"w1 may /ill be p]ceiv$ 9 ! ,grecian monum5ts1 = ^? p>ts ( !m :i* 7 de/9$ to be ornam5t$ ) hi/orical pa9t+s or pa9t$ sculpture1 are execut$ 9 ! ,assyrian fa%ion2 z1 = example1 ! tympanums ( ! p$im5ts1 ! metopes1 ! friezes1 ! p>ts betwe5 ! columns1 & r\nd ! walls ( ! 8cella40 ,x is ?us t ,grecian monum5ts %[ u ! f\r? pa? :i* ar*itecture made t[>ds /one /yle4 ,! con/ructive p>ts ( ! build+1 t is to say1 ^? p>ts :i* con/itut$ ! entablature ( ! ro(1 & its supports1 ! columns1 7 pa9t$ ) ! col\r ( ! ,greek vases1 viz41 a v transp>5t & vapor\s br[n-r$4 ,! walls1 inclusive ( ! 8ant10 :i* =m$ only project+ p>ts ( ! walls1 7 ( a blue1 :i* 0 brok5 by black & a little yell[1 & n v d>k4 ,?is col\r =m$ also ! gr\nd = mo/ ( ! sculptures1 except ! metopes1 :i* ,i believe _h r$ gr\nds4 ,! r$ 9 ! ornam5t$ m\ld+s 0 a v bright v]milion1 diff]+ f ! r$ ( ! gr\nd by col\r & treatm5t4 ,! same is ! case = ! blue1 :i*1 9 ! ornam5t$ m\ld+s1 is deep] ?an on ! l>ge surfaces1 & t9t$ 9 diff]5t %ades4 ,! oves1 or eggs1 = in/ance1 7 blue1 ) a d>k] blue t9t ar\nd4 ,! gre5 is a col\r :i* occurs frequ5tly on ! ,a!nian temples1 s on ! leaves on ! m\ld+ :i* runs "u ! frieze ( ! opi/hodome ( ! temple ( ,!seus1 & betwe5 ! r$ & blue leaves ( ! capitals ( ! ant4 ,! same sea-gre5 occurs on ! drap]ies ( "s sculptur$ figures4 ,! enamels ( wax 7 frequ5tly cov]$ ) wa%es ( ?9n] col\rs4 ,?is has n be5 rem>k$ by our re/or]s ( antique poly*romy1 b is nev]!less necess>y = giv+ s(tness to ! g5]al effect4 ,! ornam5ts1 z ,i h j obs]v$1 are plac$ 9 pieces & sold]$ toge!r2 ! sold]+s =m+ fillets slightly elevat$ f ! surface & ( ano!r col\r4 ,i _c say :e!r 9 gold1 black1 or ev5 9 "s p>ts :ite4 ,i h1 = my own "p1 adopt$ ! hypo!sis t x 0 gold 9 ! ,a!nian temples1 b n on ^? ( ,sicily :]e a /rict ,doric "* prevail$4 ,i h n f\nd _m traces ( col\r on ! ,ionic temple ( ,m9]va ,polias1 & _c say if ! r$1 :i* ,i f\nd on ! columns ( ! ,nor!rn ,portico1 belong$ to ! anci5t col\r+1 or 0 ( m rec5t date4 ,on ! plate1 9 my "w1 :i* gives a panel ( ! temple ( ,!seus1 is se5 ! design ( a r[ ( pe>ls1 ) a d\ble range ( disks4 ,i c gu>antee ! exactitude ( my obs]vations1 al?\gh ?is extreme ri*ness & smallness ( detail 9 an object de/9$ to be se5 f a di/ance may well a/oni% u4 ,i h trac$ e m>k on ! /ones !mselves3 &1 moreov]1 subjects ( ?is k9d are n capable ( be+ inv5t$2 inde$ x w\ld be a great complim5t to suppose me capable ( inv5t+ ^! designs1 :i* ,i consid] *>m+4 ,9 ! portion :i* ,i h f\nd 9 ! wall ) ! ni*e 7see my "w71 ^! details are n to be se54 ,i h also discov]$ traces ( col\r1 v mu* effac$1 on ! small *oragic ,monum5t ( ,lysicrates1 :i* ,i h c>efully exam9$4 ,x appe>s t on ! ornam5t :i* surm\nts ! ro(1 !re 0 a v>iety ( blue & r$1 & t ! acan?us leaves 7 col\r$ gre54 ,! tripod 0 n plac$ ^u ?is ornam5t1 b r\nd x1 ! feet re/+ on ! ?ree volutes :i* desc5d f ! ro(1 analog\sly to ! m>ble tripods :i* are (t5 met ) 9 v>i\s museums ( antiquities4 ,i w n speak ( ! col\rs ( ! ,p>!non1 :i* are n s well pres]v$ z ^? on ! ,temple ( ,!seus1 b ! traces ( ornam5t :i* decorat$ t temple are se5 by ! incisions /ill rema9+4 ,x w\ld appe> t ! sy/em ( ornam5t !re appli$ 0 simil> to t on ! ,temple ( ,!seus4 ,"s ye>s aft] my soj\rn at ,a!ns1 portions ( ?is build+ h be5 excavat$1 ) ! col\rs v well pres]v$2 z well z o!r fragm5ts ( ar*itecture :i* belong to ! old ,hecatomp$on 7de/roy$ by ! ,p]sians7 cov]$ ) pa9t$ /ucco4 ,i h n f\nd v decid$ traces ( ! col\rs employ$ on ! ,temple ( ,m9]va ,polias2 ! columns appe> to h be5 r$1 z at ! ,temple ( ,!seus4 ,! ceil+ ( ! ,temple ( ! ,c>yatides _h pa9t$ frets & orvolos1 :i* ,i h trac$2 b ! col\r 0 no long] visible4 ,traces ( pa9t$ ornam5ts are to be f\nd also on ! ,t[] ( ! ,w9ds4 ,i h n be5 able to get a close view ( !m4 ,z reg>ds ! sculptures1 ,i h f\nd "s regul>ly encru/$ ) col\r4 ,i h f\nd gre5 7pras9um7 on ! tunic ( "o ( ! seat$ goddesses1 on ! frieze ( ! ,temple ( ,!seus3 ano!r figure 0 clad 9 a ve/m5t ( a deep rose col\r4 ,! ,c>yatides ( ! ,erec!um _h blue tunics4 ,we may see t1 ev5 on ! "o 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,mr4 ,bracebridge has describ$ /atues :i* 7 excavat$ 9 8 pres5ce ne> ! ,p>!non ) fle% t9ts & pa9t$ eyes4 ,! figures ( ! p$im5t ( ! ,temple at ,eg9a /ill reta9 traces ( ! col\rs ) :i* !y 7 decorat$4 ,! same obs]vation applies to ! metopes ( ! temple at ,sel9untum1 n[ at ,pal]mo4 ,curi\s fragm5ts ( pa9t$ ar*itecture may also be se5 at ! museums ( ,syracuse & ,girg5ti4 ,! ,romans pa9t$ _! :ite m>bles1 l ! ,greeks4 ,! ?ree columns ( ! ,jupit] ,/ator 9 ! ,roman ,=um are pa9t$ r$ on t portion :i* has rema9$ a long :ile buri$4 ,! ,trajan ,column1 :i* ,i h exam9$1 reta9s traces ( col\r & gild+3 ! entire column _h be5 once cov]$ ) a r ?ick coat+ ( col\r1 9 :i* ,i recognis$ gre51 blue1 & yell[2 b x is probable t ?is la/ 0 ! rema9s ( ! gild+4 ,,bradbury ,,& ,,evans1 ,,pr9t]s1 ,,:itefri>s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes #a4 ,sil5tly correct$ typographical errors & v>iations 9 spell+4 #b4 ,ar*aic1 non-/&>d1 & unc]ta9 spell+s reta9$ z pr9t$4 #c4 ,enclos$ italics font 9 und]scores4