,transcrib] ,note    ,text emphasis     
d5ot$ z ,italics & ,bold4               
,,! ,,b$bug                             
,c4 ,l4 ,,m>latt                        
,entomologi/ & ,assi/ant ,*ief          
,,f>m]s' ,,bullet9 #ged                 
,,unit$ ,,/ates                         
,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,agriculture      ,a    
/r5u\s /ruggle1 a vigor\s campaign1 is  
be=e any h\sewife :o is  call$ ^u to    
dispute ! occupancy ( h] home ) t       
p]si/5t pe/  unfavorably kn[n z ! b$bug1
 :o1 gorg$ ) ! blood ( 8 victim1  lie?  
up 9 8 lair f daylight to c&lelight1    
only to swoop d[n ^u  8 helpless sleep+ 
prey dur+ ! midnight wat*es4    ,ev5 a  
flood ( gas or electric light w n       
protect ! human ho/1 =  ! /ress ( hung] 
w cause ! b$bug to em]ge f its place (  
concealm5t 9 a well-light$ room at      
night1 & ev5 attack1 voraci\sly1  9     
broad daylight1 if long )\t food4       
,c]ta9 natural enemies ( ?is pe/ are to 
be f\nd 9 our homes1 b  !y are almo/ z  
unwelcome to ! h\sewife z ! b$bug       

itself1 &1  besides1 furni% little1 if  
any1 effective control4    ,!re are     
rem$ies--_m ( ! mo/ effective ( :i* are 
!  old-fa%ion$ h\sehold rem$ies1 "s are 
prep>ations rec5tly put on  ! m>ket by  
_! manufactur]s1 :ile o!rs are          
fumigants1 requir+  m ?an common c>e & m
 ?an ord9>y intellig5ce 9 _! use1 z  !  
gases are deadly poisons4    ,?is       
bullet9 tells all ab\t !m--b ! ma9      
factor ( success is  et]nal vigilance4  
,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4      ,issu$ ,octob]   
#ad1 #aiaf    ,revis$ ,janu>y1 #aiah    
,slightly revis$ ,augu/1 #aicd          
,,! ,,b$bug#a    #a ,cimex lectul>ius   
,l42 ord] ,hemipt]a1 subord] ,het]opt]a1
 family  ,cimicidae4          ,,cont5ts4
                                        
,page4        ,its pres5ce expla9$      
#c        ,orig92 common names2         
di/ribution          #d        ,v>ieties
 & relat$ insects               #e      
,g5]al *>act]i/ics                      
#e        ,! buggy odor                 
#f        ,habits & life hi/ory         

#f        ,food & longevity             
#i        ,influ5ce ( temp]ature        
#aj        ,! bite ( ! b$bug            
#aa        ,! b$bug & human diseases    
#aa        ,natural enemies ( ! b$bug   
#ab        ,rem$ies                     
#ac          ,,its ,,pres5ce ,,expla9$4 
,! pres5ce ( ! b$bug 7fig4 #a7 9 a h\se 
is n necess>ily an  indication ( neglect
 or c>elessness2 =1 little z ! idea may 
be  reli%$1 ?is insect may ga9 access 9 
spite ( ! adoption ( all  reasonable    
precautions4 ,x is v apt to get into !  
trunks & sat*els  ( travel]s1 or into   
baskets ( laundry1 & may ?us be         
introduc$ into  homes4 ,un=tunately1    
also1 x is q capable ( migrat+ f "o     
h\se to ano!r & w (t5 cont9ue to come f 
an adjo9+ h\se1  sometimes = a p]iod (  
sev]al mon?s1 ga9+ entrance daily4 ,su* 
migration is especially likely to take  
place if ! human inhabitants (  an      
infe/$ h\se leave x4 ,) ! failure ( _!  
usual s\rce (  food1 ! migratory in/9ct 
( ! b$bugs is develop$1 &1 escap+  ?r\gh

 w9d[s1 !y pass along walls1 wat] pipes1
 or gutt]s1 & ?us  ga9 entrance into    
adjo9+ h\ses4 ,9 ^! or o!r ways anyone's
  premises may be tempor>ily invad$4    
,nev]!less1 ! pres5ce ( ! b$bug 9 h\ses1
 bo? f !  /&po9t ( p]sonal com=t & !    
possible c>riage ( disease1 is  n to be 
lightly consid]$1 & ! failure on ! "p ( 
anyone to  in/itute imm$iate ef=ts (    
eradication w w>rant ! odium :i*  is    
prop]ly atta*$ to buggy premises4 ,! mo/
 important purpose (  ?is bullet9 is1 9 
addition to giv+ a g5]al acc\nt ( ?is   
h\se  pe/1 to indicate effective means  
by :i* x c be eradicat$ promptly4       
,,orig92 ,,common ,,names2              
,,di/ribution4      ,z ) ne>ly all !    
insects associat$ ) man1 ! b$bug has _h 
!  habits n[ *>act]i/ic ( x z f> back z 
! records run4 ,x 0  und\bt$ly ( common 
occurr5ce 9 ! dwell+s ( ! anci5t peoples
  ( ,asia4 ,! ,romans 7 well acqua9t$ ) 
x1 giv+ x ! "n  ,cimex4 ,x 0 suppos$ by 
,pl9y--& ?is 0 d\btless ! common belief 
among ! ,romans--to h m$ic9al prop]ties1

 & x 0 recomm5d$1  among o!r ?+s1 z a   
specific = ! bites ( s]p5ts4 ,x is said 
to  h be5 fir/ introduc$ into ,engl& 9  
#aejc1 b ! ref]5ces to x  are ( su* a   
nature z to make x v probable t x _h be5
 !re  long be=e4 ,two hundr$ & fifty    
ye>s lat] x 0 report$ to be v  abundant 
9 ! seaport t[ns1 b 0 sc>cely kn[n inl&4
    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4--;,b$bug    
7,cimex lectul>ius73 a1 ,adult female1  
engorg$ ) blood2 b1 same f bel[2 c1     
rudim5t>y w+ pad2  m\? p>ts1 a1 b1 ,mu* 
enl>g$2 c1 highly magnifi$4 7,au?or's   
illu/ration47    ,"o ( ! old ,engli%    
names 0 wall-l\se4 ,x 0 aft]w>d v  well 
kn[n z ! *9*1 :i* cont9u$ to be ! common
 appellation  = x until )9 a c5tury or  
two1 & is /ill us$ 9 p>ts ( ?is  c\ntry4
 ,! orig9 ( ! "n b$bug is n kn[n1 b x is
 su* a  descriptive "o t x w\ld seem to 
h be5 v naturally sugge/$4  ,almo/      
ev]y:]e !re are local names = ^!        
p>asites1 z1 =  illu/ration1 ar\nd      
,bo/on !y are call$ *9tzes & *9*es1 &  f
 ,baltimore comes ! "n mahogany flat1   

:ile 9 ,new ,york !y are  /yl$ r$ coats1
 & 9 ! we/ crimson rambl]s4    ,! b$bug 
has accompani$ man :]ev] he has gone4   
,%ips are v  apt to be infe/$ ) x & h   
be5 ! *ief means ( its wide             
di/ribution4 ,x probably came to ?is    
c\ntry ) ! e>lie/  coloni/s2 at lea/    
,kalm1 writ+ 9 #agdh-di1 /at$ t x 0     
pl5tiful  9 ! ,engli% colonies & 9      
,canada1 ?\gh unkn[n among ! ,indians4  
,,v>ieties ,,& ,,relat$ ,,insects4      
,:at may ev5tually prove to be m]e      
v>iations ( ! ord9>y type (  human b$bug
 h be5 describ$ z di/9ct species 9      
sev]al in/ances4  ,= example1 ! common  
b$bug ( s\!rn ,asia is suppos$ to pres5t
  "s slight v>iations f ! ,european     
type1 *iefly 9 be+ some:at  m elongate4 
,^! slightly div]g+ =ms ( ! b$bug 9     
diff]5t  p>ts ( ! _w1 :i* are n kn[n to 
h any special bird or animal  ho/ o!r   
?an human be+s1 may prove to be m]ely   
local races or  v>ieties ( ! ord9>y     
b$bug4    ,birds1 bats1 & p\ltry are    
attack$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w by  a       

consid]able numb] ( p>asitic bugs1      
closely relat$ to ! b$bug1  :i* live on 
_! ho/s & 9 ne/s & ab\t roo/+ places4   
,"o (  ^! species1 occurr+ abundantly 9 
s\?we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates &  ,mexico1#b    
probably orig9ally a p>asitic messmate  
on birds & bats1 has  come to be an     
unmitigat$ p\ltry pe/1 & f ! close      
association 9  ^! regions betwe5 p\ltry 
& human be+s1 is (t5 a s]i\s h\se       
pe/--m s ev5 ?an ! true b$bug4 ,o!rs ( !
 species infe/+  birds & bats may also  
on occasion become h\se pe/s4 ,=        
example1 !  ne/s ( ! common b>n or eaves
 swall[ ( ?is c\ntry (t5 sw>m )  !      
b>n-swall[ bug1#c & f su* ne/s "u !     
eaves ( dwell+  h\ses ^! bugs sometimes 
ga9 entrance to h\ses & b$s & are !     
cause ( mu* annoyance4 ,simil>ly a      
species1#d normally a p>asite (  birds &
 bats 9 ! ,old ,_w1 & also 9 ,brazil & !
 ,we/ ,indies1  n infrequ5tly becomes a 
human p>asite4    #b 7,cimex7           
,haematosiphon inodora ,dugs4    #c     
7,cimex7 ,oeciacus hirund9is ,j5yns4    

#d ,cimex hemipt]us ,fab4 7synonym1     
rotundatus ,sign474          ,,g5]al    
,,*>act]i/ics4      ,! b$bug belongs to 
! ord] ,hemipt]a1 :i* includes ! true   
bugs or  pi]c+ insects1 *>act]iz$ by    
possess+ a pi]c+ & suck+ beak4  ,! b$bug
 is to man :at ! *9* bug is to gra9s or 
! squa% bug  to cucurbs4 ,l ne>ly all ! 
insects p>asitic on animals1 h[ev]1 x   
is degrad$ /ructurally1 its p>asitic    
nature & ! slight necessity  = ext5sive 
locomotion hav+ result$1 aft] _m ages   
d\btless1 9  ! loss ( w+s & ! assumption
 ( a comp>atively simple /ructure4      
,be=e fe$+1 ! adult 7fig4 #b7 is mu*    
flatt5$1 oval1 & 9  color is ru/ r$1 ) !
 abdom5 m or less t+$ ) black4  ,:5     
engorg$ ! body becomes mu* bloat$ &     
elongat$ & brightly  color$ f ! +e/$    
blood4 ,! w+s are repres5t$ by ! m]e/   
rudim5ts1 b>ely recognizable pads1 & !  
simple eyes or ocelli (  mo/ o!r true   
bugs are lack+4 ,! abs5ce ( w+s is a mo/
 =tunate  circum/ance1 s9ce o!rwise !re 
w\ld be no safety f x ev5 =  ! mo/      

c>eful ( h\sekeep]s4 ,"s slight v>iation
 9 l5g? ( w+  pads has be5 obs]v$1 b    
none ) w+s %[+ any consid]able          
developm5t has ev] be5 f\nd4            
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4--;,b$bug3 ,adult
 be=e engorgem5t4 ,mu* enl>g$4          
7,au?or's illu/ration47          ,,!    
,,buggy ,,odor4      ,! mo/ *>act]i/ic  
feature ( ! b$bug is ! v di/9ct &       
disagreeable odor :i* x exhales1 an odor
 well kn[n to all :o h  be5 famili> ) x 
z ! buggy odor4 ,?is odor is by no means
  limit$ to ! b$bug1 b is *>act]i/ic (  
mo/ plant bugs also4 ,!  common *9* bug 
affect+ small gra9s & ! squa% bugs all  
possess  ?is odor1 & x is q z pung5t )  
^! plant-fe$+ =ms z  ) ! human p>asite4 
,! possession ( ?is odor1 disagreeable z
  x is1 is v =tunate aft] all1 z x is ( 
consid]able assi/ance  9 detect+ !      
pres5ce ( ^! v]m94 ,! odor comes f gl&s1
  situat$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! body1 :i*    
secrete a cle>1 oily1  volatile liquid4 
,) ! plant-fe$+ =ms ?is odor is c]ta9ly 
a  means ( protection aga9/ insectivor\s

 birds1 r5d]+ ^! insects  obnoxi\s or   
di/a/eful to _! fea!r$ enemies4 ,) !    
b$bug1 on  ! o!r h&1 x is probably an   
illu/ration ( a v common ph5om5on  among
 animals1 i4 e41 ! p]si/5ce ( a         
*>act]i/ic :i* is no  long] ( any       
especial value to ! possessor4 ,!       
natural enemies ( true  bugs1 aga9/ :i* 
?is odor s]ves z a means ( protection1 9
 !  conditions "u :i* ! b$bug lives1 are
 kept away f x2 & !  roa*1 :i* sometimes
 fe$s on b$bugs1 is evid5tly n det]r$ by
 !  odor1 :ile ! common h\se ant & !    
h\se c5tip$e1 :i* may also  attack !    
b$bug1 seem n to f9d ?is odor           
disagreeable4          ,,habits ,,&     
,,life ,,hi/ory4      ,! b$bug is       
normally nocturnal 9 habits & displays a
 c]ta9 degree  ( w>9ess1 caution1 &     
intellig5ce 9 its ef=ts at concealm5t   
dur+ ! day4 ,"u ! /ress ( hung]1 h[ev]1 
x w em]ge  f its place ( concealm5t 9 a 
well-light$ room at night1 s t  "u su*  
circum/ances keep+ ! gas or electric    
light burn+ is  n a complete protection4

 ,x has be5 kn[n "u simil> conditions to
  attack human be+s voraci\sly 9 broad  
daylight4 ,x usually leaves its  victim 
z soon z x has become engorg$ ) blood & 
retires to its  normal place (          
concealm5t1 ei!r 9 cracks 9 ! b$/ead1   
especially  if ! latt] be "o ( ! wood5  
v>iety1 or beh9d wa9scot+1 or  "u loose 
wall pap]1 & 9 ^! & simil> places x     
manife/s its  greg>i\s habit by collect+
 9 masses4 ,x ?rives p>ticul>ly 9  fil?y
 ap>tm5ts & 9 old h\ses :i* are full (  
cracks & crevices1  9 :i* x c conceal   
itself beyond easy rea*4 ,z j not$ !    
old-fa%ion$1 heavy1 wood5-slatt$ b$/eads
 af=d especially favorable  situations =
 ! concealm5t & multiplication ( ?is    
insect1 & !  g5]al use 9 lat] ye>s (    
iron & brass b$/eads has v greatly      
facilitat$ its eradication4 ,su* b$s1   
h[ev]1 d n insure safety1 z  ! insects  
are able to f9d places ( concealm5t ev5 
ab\t su* b$s1  or get to !m readily f _!
 o!r hid+ places4    ,extraord9>y /ories
 are curr5t ( ! rem>kable intellig5ce ( 

?is  insect 9 circumv5t+ v>i\s ef=ts to 
prev5t its ga9+ access  to b$s4 ,mo/ (  
^! are und\bt$ly exagg]ations1 b !      
inh]it$  exp]i5ce ( _m c5turies (       
companion%ip ) man1 dur+ :i*  ! b$bug   
has always f\nd its ho/ an active enemy1
 has result$ 9 a  k ( ! habits ( ! human
 animal & a facility ( concealm5t1      
p>ticul>ly z evid5c$ by its ab&on+ b$s &
 (t5 go+ to  di/ant qu>t]s = protection 
& hid+ dur+ daylight1 :i* indicate      
consid]able app>5t intellig5ce4    ,l   
its allies1 ! b$bug und]goes :at is kn[n
 z an incomplete  metamorphosis4 ,9 o!r 
words1 ! insect f its l>val to its adult
  /age is active & simil> 9 =m1         
/ructure1 & habit1 contra/+  ) flies &  
mo?s 9 _! v div]se life /ages ( l>va1   
*rysalis1 or pupa1 & w+$ adult4    ,!   
eggs 7fig4 #c1 d7 are :ite oval objects 
hav+ a little project+  rim ar\nd "o    
edge & may be f\nd 9 bat*es ( f #f to   
#ej 9 cracks  & crevices :]e ! p>5t bugs
 g = concealm5t4 ,9 conf9em5t eggs  may 
be deposit$ almo/ daily ov] a p]iod (   

two mon?s or m &  commonly at ! rate ( f
 "o to five eggs p] day1 b sometimes mu*
  l>g] bat*es are laid4 ,z _m z #aij    
eggs h be5 ?us obta9$ f  a s+le captur$ 
female4#e    #e ,girault1 ,a4 ,a4       
,prelim9>y /udies on ! biology ( !      
b$bug1  ,cimex lectul>ius1 ,l9n4 ,,iii4 
,facts obta9$ conc]n+ ! habits (  !     
adult4 ,9 ,j\r4 ,econ4 ,biol41 v4 #i1   
no4 #a1 p4 #be-de4 #aiad4    ,! eggs    
hat* 9 a week or #aj days 9 ! hot wea!r 
( midsumm]1 b  cold may l5g!n or ev5    
d\ble ?is egg p]iod or *eck developm5t  
altoge!r4 ,! "y escape by pu%+ up !     
lid-l top ) its  project+ rim4 ,:5 fir/ 
em]g$ 7fig4 #c1 a1 b7 !y are yell[i%    
:ite & ne>ly transp>5t1 ! br[n color ( !
 m mature insect  increas+ ) ! lat]     
molts 7fig4 #d74    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 
#c4--;,b$bug3 ,egg & newly hat*$ l>va3  
a1 ,l>va  f bel[2 b1 l>va f above2 c1   
claw2 d1 egg2 c1 hair or sp9e  ( l>va4  
,greatly enl>g$1 natural size ( l>va &  
egg indicat$ by  hair l9es4 7,au?or's   
illu/ration47    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4    

#d4--;,b$bug3 a1 ,l>val sk9 %$ at fir/  
molt2  b1 second l>val /age imm$iately  
aft] em]g+ f a2 c1 same  aft] fir/ meal1
 di/5d$ ) blood4 ,greatly enl>g$4       
7,au?or's  illu/ration47      ,dur+ !   
c\rse ( its developm5t ! b$bug molts or 
%$s its  sk9 normally five times1 & ) ! 
la/ molt ! m9ute w+ pads1  *>act]i/ic ( 
! adult insect1 make _! appe>ance4 ,a   
p]iod (  ab\t #aa weeks 0 =m]ly suppos$ 
to be necess>y = ! complete  maturity ( 
! insect1 b bre$+ exp]im5ts ) ?is       
insect1  conduct$ 9 ?is dep>tm5t 94     
#ahif1 indicat$ t ! life cycle is       
subject to great v>iation1 be+ entirely 
dep5d5t on w>m? & food  supply4 ,"u     
favorable conditions ( temp]ature & food
 x 0 f\nd  t !re 0 an av]age p]iod (    
ab\t eight days betwe5 molt+s  & betwe5 
! lay+ ( eggs & _! hat*+1 giv+ ab\t sev5
  weeks z ! p]iod "u ^! conditions f egg
 to adult insect4 ,!  molt+ p]iods are  
%ort] 9 ! e>li] /ages & l5g!n 9 !  lat] 
/ages4 ,!re are _m exceptions1 h[ev]1 & 
"s individuals  ev5 "u ! same conditions

 rema9 two or ?ree weeks )\t molt+4  ,"u
 conditions ( fam9e1 or )\t food1 z     
already %[n1 ! b$bug  may rema9 un*ang$ 
9 any ( ! immature /ages = an indef9ite 
"t1 & ! *eck+ ( developm5t by su*       
/>vation may result 9  additional molt+ 
p]iods4    ,! bre$+ records ref]r$ to1 &
 num]\s confirmatory exp]im5ts          
subsequ5tly made by o!r inve/igators1   
indicate t ord9>ily b "o  meal is tak5  
betwe5 molts1 s t ea* b$bug mu/ puncture
 its ho/  five times be=e becom+ mature1
 & at lea/ once aft]w>ds be=e  x c      
develop eggs4 ,additional meals betwe5  
molts may be tak5 "u  favor+            
circum/ances1 h[ev]1 & p>ticul>ly :5 !  
insect has be5  di/urb$ & has n become  
fully engorg$ at its fir/ meal aft] a   
molt+ or o!r p]iod4 ,! b$bug takes f #e 
to #aj m9utes to become  bloat$ ) blood1
 & !n retires to its place ( concealm5t 
= #f to  #aj days = ! quiet dige/ion (  
its enorm\s meal1 & = subsequ5t  molt+1 
or reproduction if 9 ! adult /age4      
,su* fe$+ & reproduction may1 "u        

favorable conditions (  temp]ature1     
cont9ue ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 & 9 "o in/ance ! 
prog5y ( a captur$ female adult 0 c>ri$ 
?r\gh ?ree cont9u\s  g5]ations4#f    #f 
,girault1 ,a4 ,a4 ,prelim9>y /udies on !
 biology ( ! b$bug1  ,cimex lectul>ius1 
,l9n4 ,,ii4 ,facts obta9$ conc]n+ !     
duration (  its diff]5t /ages4 ,9 ,j\r4 
,econ4 ,biol41 v4 #g1 no4 #d1 p4        
#afc-ahh4  #aiab4    ,unfavorable       
conditions ( temp]ature & food w        
necess>ily result 9  great v>iation 9 ! 
numb] ( g5]ations annually & 9 ! rate ( 
multiplication1 b all[+ = reasonable    
*ecks on developm5t1 !re  may be at lea/
 f\r successive broods 9 a ye> 9 h\ses  
kept well  heat$ 9 w9t]4          ,,food
 ,,& ,,longevity4      ,"u normal       
conditions ! food ( ! common b$bug is   
obta9$ f  human be+s only1 & no o!r     
un=c$ fe$+ habit has be5 report$4  ,x is
 easily possible1 h[ev]1 to =ce ! b$bug 
to fe$ on mice1 rats1  birds1 etc41 &   
probably x may d s occasionally 9 nature
 9 !  abs5ce ( its normal ho/4 ,!       

abundance ( ?is insect 9 h\ses :i*  h   
long be5 unt5ant$ may occasionally be   
acc\nt$ = by su* o!r  s\rces ( food1 b  
probably normally su* infe/ation c be   
expla9$  by ! natural longevity ( !     
insect & its ability to survive =       
practically a ye>1 & p]haps m1 )\t food4
    ,!re are _m records indicat+ !      
ability ( ! b$bug to survive  = long    
p]iods )\t food1 & specim5s h be5 kept =
 a ye>  9 a seal$ vial ) absolutely no  
means ( su/5ance :atev]4 ,9 !  c\rse ( !
 dep>tm5t's /udy ( ?is insect 9 #ahif1  
"y b$bugs1  obta9$ f eggs1 7 kept 9     
small seal$ vials = sev]al mon?s1       
rema9+ active 9 spite ( ! fact t !y _h  
nev] tak5 any  n\ri%m5t :atev]4 ,a      
consid]able s]ies ( exp]im5ts 0 lat]    
conduct$ by ,girault#g be>+ on !        
longevity ( ! insect "u  diff]5t        
conditions4 ,a l>ge numb] ( adults ( bo?
 sexes 7 kept  9 conf9em5t1 b ) normal  
fe$+ & mat+1 & ^! surviv$  = p]iods     
rang+ f #ed to #caf days4 ,simil>ly1 !  
life ( #ga newly  hat*$ l>v1 )\t food1  

rang$ f #ag to #db days1 av]ag+ ab\t #bh
  days4 ,p>tly gr[n captur$ insects liv$
 )\t fur!r fe$+ f #ag  to #fj days4     
,longevity is naturally affect$ m or    
less by temp]atures4  ,9 o!r words1     
temp]atures suffici5t to *eck ! activity
 ( !  insect & produce hib]nation or    
semihib]nation are apt to increase      
longevity4    #g ,loc4 cit4    ,! fact t
 ! b$bug is able to survive = su* long  
p]iods )\t  human blood has l$ to ! !ory
 t x c\ld subsi/ 9 "s fa%ion  on !      
moi/ure f wood or f accumulations ( du/ 
9 crevices 9  floor+1 etc4 ,!re seems to
 be no basis ( obs]v$ fact = ?is idea4  
,ano!r v preval5t belief among ! old    
settl]s 9 ! ,we/1 t  ?is insect normally
 lives on dead or diseas$ cottonwood    
logs1 & is  almo/ c]ta9 to ab\nd 9 log  
h\ses ( ?is wood1 seems to be equally   
devoid ( basis4 ,z illu/rat+ ?is belief1
 ! dep>tm5t has on  file a v def9ite    
report f an ,army (fic] t ! b$bug (t5   
occurs 9 numb]s "u ! b>k ( dead         
cottonwood trees1#h especially  along ! 

,big ,horn & ,little ,horn ,riv]s 9     
,montana4 ,! basis ( ?is  report & !    
orig9 ( ?is v g5]al misconception is    
probably1 z  po9t$ out by ! late ,pr(4  
,riley1 due to a confusion ( ! b$bug )  
! immature /ages ( an entirely di/9ct   
insect1#i :i* some:at  resembles ! b$bug
 & (t5 occurs "u cottonwood b>k4    #h  
,populus monilif]a4    #i ,aradus sp4   
,,influ5ce ,,( ,,temp]ature4      ,z a  
messmate ( human be+s 9 dwell+ h\ses1 ! 
b$bug is normally  protect$ f extreme   
cold1 & is kn[n to be an abundant &     
s]i\s  pe/ f> nor?4 ,9 fact1 x is (t5 m 
tr\blesome 9 nor? temp]ate  latitudes   
?an f>!r s\?4 ,?is may be acc\nt$ =     
p>tly by ! fact  t ! b$bug is v s5sitive
 to high temp]atures1 & a temp]ature  ( 
#if to #ajj ,f4 or m1 accompani$ ) a    
fairly high degree (  humidity1 results 
9 ! dea? ( l>ge numb]s ( ! bugs4 ,!     
mature  or p>tly mature b$bugs c /&     
comp>atively l[ temp]atures1 ev5  bel[  
freez+1 = a consid]able p]iod4 ,! eggs &
 newly hat*$  l>v1 h[ev]1 succumb to a  

temp]ature bel[ freez+1 if ?is condition
  is prolong$ = f #ae days to a mon?4 ,!
 fe$+ & develop+  activity ( ! insect   
practically ceases at #fj ,f41 ! insect 
rema9+  quiesc5t & 9 semihib]nation at  
temp]atures bel[ ?is po9t4 ,!  mo/      
favorable temp]atures = activity are    
betwe5 #fj & #ih ,f4#aj  ,! activity ( !
 insect is controll$ entirely by        
temp]ature & food  supply1 &1 !re=e1 9  
heat$ h\ses ! insect may rema9 active   
?r\gh\t ! w9t]4 ,!re is "s protection 9 
w9t]1 !re=e1 9  sleep+ 9 cold b$rooms4  
#aj ,bacot1 ,a4 ,w4 ,! influ5ce (       
temp]ature1 subm]sion1 & burial  on !   
survival ( eggs & l>v ( ,cimex          
lectul>ius4 ,9 ,bul4 ,ent4  ,res41 v4   
#e1 pt4 #b1 p4 #aaa-aag4 #aiad4         
,,! ,,bite ,,( ,,! ,,b$bug4      ,! bite
 ( ! b$bug is decid$ly poison\s to "s   
individuals1  result+ 9 a slight swell+ 
& disagreeable inflammation4 ,to su*    
p]sons ! pres5ce ( b$bugs is suffici5t  
to cause ! greate/  uneas9ess1 if n to  
put sleep & re/ entirely out ( ! "q4  ,)

 o!rs1 h[ev]1 :o are less s5sitive1 !   
pres5ce ( ! bugs  may n be recogniz$ at 
all1 &1 except = ! occasional /a9+  ( ! 
l95 by a cru%$ individual1 _! pres5ce   
might be entirely  ov]look$4 ,!         
inflammation exp]i5c$ by s5sitive p]sons
 seems to  result *iefly f ! puncture ( 
! sk9 by ! %>p pi]c+ set  :i* con/itute 
! punctur+ elem5t ( ! m\? p>ts1 z !re   
seems  to be no secretion ( poison o!r  
?an ! natural fluids ( ! m\?4    ,! bit+
 organ ( ! b$bug is simil> to t ( o!r   
insects ( its  ord]4 ,x consi/s ( a r   
heavy1 fle%y "u lip 7! only "p  ord9>ily
 se5 9 exam9+ ! insect71 )9 :i* lie f\r 
?readlike  h>d filam5ts or set :i* glide
 ov] "o ano!r ) an alt]nat+  motion &   
pi]ce ! fle%4 ,! blood is drawn up ?r\gh
 ! beak1 :i*  is closely appli$ to !    
po9t ( puncture1 & ! alt]nat+ motion (  
! set 9 ! fle% causes ! blood to fl[ m  
freely4 ,! details (  ! /ructure ( !    
beak are %[n 9 figure #a at d4    ,to   
allay ! irritation set up by ! bite ( ! 
b$bug1 p]oxide (  hydrog51 or dioxyg51  

may be us$ ) good results4    ,t9cture (
 iod9e ei!r at ord9>y or d\ble /r5g? is 
also a good  c\nt]-irritant = use 9     
cases ( flea1 mosquito1 b$bug1 & o!r    
insect bites1 b %\ld be us$ ) caution on
 ! t5d] sk9 (  small *ildr5 & on ^? :o  
are affect$ ) or dispos$ to eczemic     
disord]s4          ,,! ,,b$bug ,,&      
,,human ,,diseases4      ,9 common ) o!r
 insects :i* attack man & w>m-blood$    
animals1  x is entirely possible = !    
b$bug & its close allies to be          
transmitt]s ( contagi\s human diseases1 
& already ^! insects h  be5 %[n to be   
possible c>ri]s or transmitt]s ( a      
consid]able  s]ies ( diseases1 includ+  
infantile ,kala-az> ( nor!rn ,africa &  
s\!rn ,europe1 relaps+ fev] ( ,africa & 
,europe1 ! ,*agas fev]  ( ,brazil1      
tropical sore1 plague1 & possibly       
leprosy4 ,9 ! case (  ^!1 & p]haps o!r  
diseases1 ! b$bug %>es ! responsibility 
(  transmitt] ) o!r bit+ insects1 su* z 
body lice & fleas4    ,! p>ticul> role (
 ! b$bug z a c>ri] ( disease has n be5  

satisfactorily det]m9$1 nor has x be5   
%[n t ! b$bug is a  necess>y alt]nate   
ho/ 9 any in/ance4 ,9 g5]al1 !          
transmission  ( disease by ?is insect   
has app>5tly result$ f ! accid5tal      
c>riage ( ! disease elem5ts on ! m\?    
p>ts1 z po9t$ out by  ,&r1#aa aft] a    
c>eful /udy ( ! subject4 ,z a p>asite ( 
human  be+s 9 private dwell+ h\ses1 :]e 
x may seldom *ange its ho/1  !          
opportunity = ! b$bug itself to become  
infect$ ) human  diseases & aga9 to     
transmit !m to ! human subject is v     
remote4  ,?is condition1 h[ev]1 does n  
apply to hotels or to pass5g] boats1    
:]e ! human occupants are con/antly     
*ang+4 ,fur!rmore1 ! fact  t ! b$bug    
attacks its ho/ at comp>atively long    
int]vals ( f  a week to sev]al weeks or 
mon?s acts z a b> to its transmission ( 
c]ta9 insect-borne diseases1 ! biology (
 :i* requires a def9ite  & comp>atively 
%ort p]iod ( developm5t 9 ! alt]nate    
insect ho/4    #aa ,&r1 ,*4 ,re*]*es    
anatomiques et exprim5tales sur la      

punaise  des lits4 ,9 ,j\r4 ,physiol4 et
 ,pa?4 ,gn41 v4 #ad1 p4 #fjj-fae4 #aiab4
          ,,natural ,,enemies ,,( ,,!   
,,b$bug4      ,liv+ always 9 h\ses z x  
does & be+ well conceal$1 ! b$bug  is n 
normally subject to mu* if any control  
by natural enemies4  ,c]ta9 o!r h\sehold
 insects1 h[ev]1 d occasionally prey ^u 
!  b$bug1 z1 = example1 ! h\se          
c5tip$e#ab & ! common little  r$ h\se   
ant4#ac ,su* enemies1 h[ev]1 are ( v    
small importance  & yield little1 if    
any1 effective control except "u v      
exceptional  circum/ances4 ,"o su*      
in/ance is report$ by ! late ,mr4       
,!odore  ,p]g&e1 ( ?is dep>tm5t1 :o     
/ates t z a soldi] 9 ! ,civil  ,w> he   
occupi$ at "o "t a b>racks at ,m]idian1 
,miss41 :i* _h  be5 ab&on$ "s "t be=e4  
,! premises prov$ to be sw>m+ )  b$bugs2
 b v %ortly aft]w>ds ! little r$ h\se   
ant discov]$  ! pres5ce ( ! b$bugs &    
came 9 enorm\s numb]s1 & ,mr4 ,p]g&e    
witness$ ! v int]e/+ & pleas+ sight ( ! 
b$bugs be+  dismemb]$ & c>ri$ away      

bodily by ^! v m9ute ants1 _m times     
small] ?an ! bugs :i* !y 7 h&l+ s       
successfully4 ,! result  0 t 9 a s+le   
day ! b$bug nuisance 0 completely abat$4
 ,!  lik+ ( r$ ants = b$bugs is confirm$
 also by a correspond5t  writ+ f        
,florida 7,f4 ,c4 ,m4 ,boggess71 :o goes
 s f> z he>tily to  recomm5d !          
artificial introduction ( ! ants to     
abate ?is bug  nuisance4#ad ,b$bugs &   
o!r h\sehold insects1 h[ev]1 are n ( !  
sort :i* x is conv5i5t or pr(itable to  
turn ov] to _! natural  enemies 9 ! hope
 t eradication by ?is means w foll[1 & !
  fact t !y are prey$ ^u by o!r insects 
furni%es no excuse to !  h\sekeep] = n  
in/itut+ prompt rem$ial measures4    #ab
 ,scutig]a =ceps ,raf4    #ac           
,monomorium ph>aonis ,l4    #ad ,b$bugs 
& r$ ants1 ,9 ,insect ,life1 v4 #f1 no4 
#d1 p4 #cdj4 #ahid4          ,,rem$ies4 
,und\bt$ly ! mo/ effici5t rem$y = !     
b$bug is to fumigate !  infe/$ h\se or  
rooms ) hydrocyanic-acid gas4 ,?is gas w
 p5etrate  into e crevice 9 ! h\se or   

room :]e ! b$bugs conceal  !mselves &   
has an imm$iate effectiv5ess :i* gives x
 an important  recomm5dation1 especially
 :5 ! infe/ation is consid]able or (    
long  /&+4 ,?is me?od ( fumigation %\ld 
be intellig5tly employ$1  z ! gas is    
deadly poison\s4 ,a bullet9 giv+        
directions = su*  fumigation has be5    
issu$ by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4#ae 
#ae ,h[>d1 ,l4 ,o41 & ,pop5oe1 ,c4 ,h4  
,hydrocyanic-acid gas aga9/  h\sehold   
insects4 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,f>m]s'   
,bul4 #fii4 #h p4 #aiaf4    ,! fumes (  
burn+ sulphur are also a v effici5t     
means ( control  :]e ! conditions are   
su* t ?is me?od c be us$1 readily       
de/roy+ ! insect 9 all /ages1 includ+ ! 
egg4 ,! treatm5t is  inexp5sive comp>$ )
 ! use ( hydrocyanic-acid gas & (f]s mu*
  less risk ( dang] to human be+s4 ,!re 
is1 h[ev]1 a consid]able  risk ( injury 
to h\sehold fabrics1 furni%+s1 & wall   
pap]s f !  /rong blea*+ quality (       
sulphur fumes4 ,?is dang] w be some:at  
dim9i%$ if ! fumigation c be done at a  

"t :5 ! room or h\se  is ?or\ghly dri$  
out1 z 9 w9t] by a furnace or o!r heat+ 
sy/em4 ,fur!r precautions %\ld be tak5  
by remov+ all metallic  surfaces f !    
room or build+1 or by protect+ !m ) a   
coat+  ( vasel9e4 ,two p\nds ( sulphur  
are recomm5d$ = ea* #b1jjj cubic  feet (
 space1 & ! build+ %\ld be clos$ = !    
treatm5t = at  lea/ #e or #f h\rs1 or   
pref]ably = #bd h\rs4 ,sulphur c&les may
 be  us$ :]e available1 or ! sulphur\s  
gas or fumes c be g5]at$ by  burn+ !    
sulphur 9 a di% plac$ 9 ! c5t] ( ! room1
 & =  protection set )9 a l>g] vessel4  
,?or\gh-go+ precautions mu/ be  tak5 to 
prev5t accid5tal ov]fl[+ or ! />t+ ( a  
fire1 &  aft] ! fumigation ! h\se %\ld  
be giv5 a ?or\gh air+4    ,o!r gases h  
be5 exp]im5t$ )1 su* z =mal9 & ! vapors 
( b5z9e1 naph?al9e1 & camphor1 b ^!     
gases are ( little value4  ,simil>ly1   
insect p[d]s are ( little value1 l>gely 
f ! difficulty  ( gett+ !m into !       
crevices & o!r places ( concealm5t ( !  
insects4    ,:]e ! use ( poison\s gas is

 difficult or objectionable1 especially 
if only "o room is infe/$1 ! pe/s may be
 elim9at$ by !  application ( k]os5e1   
b5z5e1 or any ( ! light] petroleum oils1
  by means ( a small h& spray]4 ,!      
liquid %\ld be direct$ at  close range  
into all cracks & crevices 9 ! walls &  
beh9d loose  wall pap]4 ,op5 spaces back
 ( basebo>ds & picture mold+s %\ld  be  
lib]ally treat$4 ,! b$/ead & spr+s %\ld 
receive ! same  att5tion1 c>e be+ tak5  
to spray ! liquid into all crevices4 ,! 
mattress %\ld likewise be c>efully gone 
ov]4 ,all seams & spaces  b5ea? tuft+s  
%\ld be ?or\ghly dos$4 ,at ! expiration 
( #aj days  ! entire treatm5t %\ld be   
repeat$ ) ! same c>e1 reg>dless (  :e!r 
any bugs are se5 or n4 ,if ! two        
applications are made )  pa9/ak+ c>e ?is
 %\ld be suffici5t = complete           
eradication4    ,temp]ature control4--,!
 possibility ( temp]ature control is    
indicat$ 9 ! discussion else:]e ( !     
effect ( temp]ature on  ?is insect4 ,a  
temp]ature ma9ta9$ bel[ freez+ = #aj or 

#ae days  de/roys ! eggs1 & ?is         
temp]ature cont9u$ = #ae days to a  mon?
 w de/roy ! newly hat*$ "y4 ,x may be1  
!re=e1 t  if infe/$ h\ses 9 cold        
climates %\ld be op5$ up & all[$ to     
rema9 at a temp]ature well bel[ freez+ =
 a consid]able p]iod1 all  eggs & ! "y1 
& possibly mo/ if n all ( ! adults1 w\ld
 be  ext]m9at$4 ,?is me?od ( control    
might p]haps be practicable at lea/  9 !
 case ( summ] h\ses 9 ! nor? :i* are    
left unt5ant$ 9 !  w9t]4    ,! ma9ta9+ (
 high temp]atures may be an ev5 m       
effici5t me?od  ( control4 ,! activity (
 ! b$bug is at its greate/ betwe5 #fj & 
#gj to #ge4 ,z indicat$ else:]e1 9 a    
temp]ature ( #if to #ajj ,f41           
accompani$ ) a high degree ( humidity1  
newly hat*$ b$bugs p]i%  )9 a few days1 
&1 if ?is temp]ature is rais$ to #aac   
,f41 9 a few  m9utes4 ,a temp]ature (   
#aac w also de/roy ! eggs1 & ) ^!  high]
 temp]atures ! item ( humidity is n     
app>5tly important4    ,a v practical   
te/ ( ?is me?od ( control 0 made 9      

,ont>io1  ,canada1 by ! ,dom9ion        
,entomological ,dep>tm5t1#af adapt+ !   
me?od ( control ( insects infe/+        
gran>ies & fl\r mills by  sup]heat+4 ,9 
?is in/ance an eight-room1 two-/ory     
frame h\se1 badly  infe/$ ) b$bugs1 0   
dur+ ! mon? ( ,july br\ght to a v  high 
degree ( heat by mak+ up good fires 9 ! 
heat+ furnace &  o!r /oves 9 ! h\se &   
clos+ up ! h\se to reta9 ! heat4        
,record+ !rmomet]s plac$ 9 diff]5t rooms
 indicat$ a gradual  rise ( temp]ature f
 #gg to #afj dur+ ! p]iod f #i4cj 9 !   
morn+ to #g4cj 9 ! ev5+1 ! outside      
temp]atures dur+ ! same  p]iod rang+ f  
#fd to #gc ,f4 ,at #a4cj1 :5 !          
temp]ature 9 !  diff]5t rooms rang$ f   
#aji to #acj1 _m adults & immature =ms  
_h already succumb$4 ,by #d4cj !        
temp]ature 0 rang+ f #abg to  #adh 9    
diff]5t rooms1 & all ! insects 7 dead4  
,! cont9uation  ( ! exp]im5t 0 on !     
supposition t x w\ld probably require  a
 high] degree ( temp]ature to de/roy !  
eggs4 ,! eradication (  ! b$bug f ?is   

h\se 0 complete1 & no damage 0 done to !
  h\se or its cont5ts4 ,t ! temp]atures 
rang$ mu* high] ?an  0 necess>y is      
indicat$ by ! temp]ature exp]im5ts      
ref]r$ to  else:]e1 :i* indicat$ t !    
eggs z well z l>v are de/roy$  )9 a few 
m9utes at a temp]ature ( #aac ,f4 ,!    
latt] temp]ature  0 also suffici5t to   
de/roy quickly ! adults ( fleas1        
cockroa*es1  & o!r insects4 ,x w\ld     
seem1 !re=e1 t sup]heat+ ( h\ses  9     
midsumm] to a temp]ature ( #abj to #acj 
,f4 may prove to be "o (  ! simple/ &   
mo/ effective means ( eradication ( ?is 
& p]haps  o!r h\sehold pe/s4    #af     
,ross1 ,w4 ,a4 ,eradication ( ! ,b$bug  
by ,sup]heat+4 ,9 ,canadian             
,entomologi/1 vol4 #dh1 ,no4 #c1 pp4    
#gd-gf4 #aiaf4           99       99    
99       99       99    ,,organization  
,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,dep>tm5t ,,(  
,,agriculture ,,:5 ,,?is  ,,publication 
,,0 ,,la/ ,,pr9t$      ,secret>y (      
,agriculture                  ,h5ry ,a4 
,wallace4      ,"u ,secret>y            

,rex=d ,g4 ,tugwell4      ,assi/ant     
,secret>y                       ,m4 ,l4 
,wilson4      ,director ( ,ext5sion ,"w 
,c4 ,w4 ,w>burton4      ,director (     
,p]sonnel                     ,w4 ,w4   
,/ockb]g]4      ,director ( ,in=mation  
,m4 ,s4 ,eis5h[]4      ,director (      
,f9ance                       ,w4 ,a4   
,jump4      ,solicitor                  
,se? ,?omas4      ,agricultural         
,adju/m5t ,adm9i/ration    ,*e/] ,c4    
,davis1                                 
,adm9i/rator4      ,bureau (            
,agricultural ,economics          ,nils 
,a4 ,ols51 ,*ief4      ,bureau (        
,agricultural ,eng9e]+        ,s4 ,h4   
,mc,crory1 ,*ief4      ,bureau ( ,animal
 ,indu/ry                 ,john ,r4     
,mohl]1 ,*ief4      ,bureau (           
,biological ,survey               ,j4   
,n4 ,d>l+1 ,*ief4      ,bureau (        
,*emi/ry & ,soils             ,h4 ,g4   
,knight1 ,*ief4      ,(fice (           
,coop]ative ,ext5sion ,"w      ,c4 ,b4  
,smi?1 ,*ief4      ,bureau ( ,dairy     

,indu/ry                   ,o4 ,e4 ,re$1
 ,*ief4      ,bureau ( ,entomology &    
,plant ,qu>ant9e ,lee ,a4 ,/rong1 ,*ief4
      ,(fice ( ,exp]im5t ,/ations       
,james ,t4 ,j>d9e1 ,*ief4      ,food &  
,drug ,adm9i/ration              ,walt] 
,g4 ,campbell1 ,*ief4      ,=e/ ,s]vice 
,f]d9& ,a4 ,silcox1 ,*ief4      ,gra9   
,futures ,adm9i/ration              ,j4 
,w4 ,t4 ,duvel1 ,*ief4      ,bureau (   
,home ,economics                  ,l\ise
 ,/anley1 ,*ief4      ,libr>y           
,cl>ibel ,r4 ,b>nett1                   
,libr>ian4      ,bureau ( ,plant        
,indu/ry                  ,kn[les ,a4   
,ry]son1 ,*ief4      ,bureau ( ,public  
,roads                    ,?omas ,h4    
,mac,donald1 ,*ief4      ,wea!r ,bureau 
,willis ,r4 ,gregg1 ,*ief4      ,u4 ,s4 
,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice3 #aicd    ,= 
sale by ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,docum5ts1      
,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4    ,price #e c5ts     
99       99       99       99       99  
,transcrib] ,note    ,illu/rations move 
to prev5t splitt+ p>agraphs4 ,m9or typos

 may h  be5 correct$4 ,produc$ f files  
g5]\sly made available by ,,usda  ?r\gh 
,! ,int]net ,ar*ive4 ,all resultant     
mat]ials are plac$ 9 !  ,public ,doma94