,transcrib] ,note ,text emphasis d5ot$ z ,italics & ,bold4 ,:ole & fractional p>ts ( numb]s z #abc-d_/e4 ,,flytraps ,,& ,,_! ,,op]ation ,f4 ,c4 ,,bi%opp ,entomologi/1 ,inve/igations ( ,insects ,affect+ ! ,heal? ( ,animals ,illu/ration ,,f>m]s' ,,bullet9 #gcd ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,agriculture ,contribution f ! ,bureau ( ,entomology ,l4 ,o4 ,,h[>d1 ,*ief ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,issu$ ,june #aj1 #aiaf2 second revision1 ,m>*1 #aiba4 ,%[ ?is bullet9 to a neighbor4 ,additional copies may be obta9$ free f ! ,division ( ,publications1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,,wa%+ton 3 ,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice 3 #aiba ,,results obta9$ 9 exp]im5ts ) ! use ( *emicals aga9/ fly l>v 9 manure are pres5t$ 9 ,bullet9s ,nos4 #aah1 #bde1 & #djh ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,! biology ( ! h\se fly & ! v>i\s me?ods ( control are discuss$ 9 ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #hea4 ,?is bullet9 is int5d$ to give directions = ! use ( a supplem5t>y means ( controll+ flies4 ,x is adapt$ to all p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,flytraps ,,& ,,_! ,,op]ation4 ,,cont5ts4 ,page4 ,uses & limitations ( flytraps #c ,k9ds ( flies caught #c ,types ( traps #d ,trapp+ ! screw-worm fly #ac ,baits = traps #ac ,bait conta9]s #ae ,c>e & location ( traps #ae ,/icky fly pap]s #af ,poison$ baits #af ,caution #af ,,uses ,,& ,,limitations ,,( ,,flytraps4 ,,flytraps h a di/9ct place 9 ! control ( ! h\se fly & o!r noxi\s fly species4 ,!re is a g5]al t5d5cy1 h[ev]1 = ^? engag$ 9 combat+ flies to put too mu* dep5d5ce on ! flytrap z a me?od ( abat+ ! nuisance4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t flytrapp+ is only supplem5t>y to o!r me?ods ( control1 mo/ notable ( :i* is ! prev5tion ( bre$+ ei!r by completely dispos+ ( bre$+ places or by treat+ ! bre$+ mat]ial ) *emicals4 ,x may be said t !re are two ma9 ways 9 :i* flytraps are valuable3 7#a7 ,by cat*+ flies :i* come to clean premises f o!r places :i* are insanit>y & 7#b7 by captur+ ^? flies :i* inv>iably escape 9 great] or less numb]s ! o!r means ( de/ruction :i* may be practic$4 ,fur!rmore1 ! numb] ( flies caught 9 traps s]ves z an index ( ! effectiv5ess ( campaigns aga9/ bre$+ places4 ,flytrapp+ %\ld beg9 e>ly 9 ! spr+ if x is to be ( greate/ value4 ,al?\gh comp>atively few flies are caught 9 ! e>ly spr+1 _! de/ruction means ! prev5tion ( ! developm5t ( myriads ( flies by midsumm]4 ,,k9ds ,,( ,,flies ,,caught4 ,! v>i\s species ( flies :i* are commonly annoy+ ab\t habitations or :]e food/uffs are be+ prep>$ may be divid$ r\ghly into two classes3 7#a7 ,^? :i* bre$ 9 animal matt]1 consi/+ ma9ly ( ! s-call$ bl[flies1 includ+ ! screw-worm fly2#a & 7#b7 ^? :i* bre$ 9 vegetable z well z 9 animal matt]4 ,9 ! latt] gr\p ! h\se fly#b is by f> ! mo/ important4 ,! /able fly is /rictly a vegetable bre$]1 z are also c]ta9 o!r species :i* occasionally come into h\ses & 9 r>e cases may contam9ate food/uffs4 ,! /able fly1#c :i* bre$s 9 c[ manure or decay+ vegetable matt]1 & ! horn fly1#d :i* bre$s 9 manure1 are blood-suck+ species1 & c be caught 9 ord9>y flytraps 9 comp>atively small numb]s only4 ,! k9d ( flies caught dep5ds to a consid]able ext5t on ! mat]ial us$ = bait4 ,9 g5]al ! h\se fly & o!r species :i* bre$ 9 vegetable matt] are attract$ to vegetable sub/ances1 :ile ! bl[flies w come mo/ readily to animal matt]4 ,?is rule1 ( c\rse1 is n absolute1 z flies are less re/rict$ 9 fe$+ ?an 9 bre$+ habits1 &1 z is well kn[n1 ! h\se fly is attract$ to a great] or less ext5t to any moi/ mat]ial1 especially if x has an odor4 #a ,*rysomyia macell>ia ,pab4 #b ,musca dome/ica ,l4 #c ,/omoxys calcitrans ,l4 #d ,lyp]osia irritans ,l4 ,,types ,,( ,,traps4 ,! same g5]al pr9ciple is involv$ 9 ne>ly all flytraps 9 use1 ?\gh sup]ficially !y may appe> q diff]5t4 ,! flies are attract$ into a cage1 z x 71 by go+ ?r\gh a passage ! entrance ( :i* is l>ge & ! exit small1 s t !re is little *ance ( ! flies1 once 91 f9d+ _! way out aga94 ,?is pr9ciple is modifi$ to fit diff]5t conditions4 ,= in/ance1 ! w9d[ trap1 devis$ by ,pr(4 ,c4 ,f4 ,hodge1 cat*es ! flies z !y endeavor to ent] or leave a build+2 ! g>bage-c trap1 = :i* ,pr(4 ,hodge is also to be cr$it$1 cat*es ! flies t h ent]$ g>bage cans2 & ! manure-box trap reta9s ! flies br$ f infe/$ manure put into ! box4 ,! attractant us$ to induce flies to ent] traps may consi/ ( 7#a7 food1 z 9 bait$ traps2 7#b7 odors1 z 9 w9d[ traps plac$ 9 w9d[s f :i* odors are emitt$2 & 7#c7 light1 z 9 traps on manure boxes4 ,( c\rse1 light is an important factor 9 ! success ( all traps1 =1 z is well kn[n1 flies h a m>k$ t5d5cy to g t[>d ! light1 & !y usually ent] ! trap by fly+ t[>d ! light aft] hav+ be5 attract$ b5ea? x by bait or aft] ent]+ a room 9 se>* ( food4 ,,conical ,,traps4 ,a numb] ( traps ( ?is g5]al type are on ! m>ket1 b mo/ ( ^! are ( small size4 ,ne>ly all are con/ruct$ ) a dome in/ead ( a cone1 & on ?is acc\nt ! cat*+ p[] is r$uc$ ab\t "o-?ird4 ,moreov]1 ! f>m]1 dairyman1 or anyone ) a few tools c con/ruct traps at a small fraction ( ! sale price ( ready-made ones4 ,,! ,,conical ,,hoop ,,trap4 ,a trap :i* appe>s f ext5sive te/s made by ,mr4 ,e4 ,w4 ,laake & ! au?or to be be/ = effective trapp+1 durability1 ease ( con/ruction & repair1 & *eapness may be made z foll[s3 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4--;,conical hoop flytrap1 side view4 ,a1 ,hoops =m+ frame at bottom4 ,b1 ,hoops =m+ frame at top4 ,c1 ,top ( trap made ( b>rel head4 ,d1 ,/rips ar\nd door4 ,e1 ,door frame4 ,f1 ,scre5 on door4 ,g1 ,buttons hold+ door4 ,h1 ,scre5 on outside ( trap4 ,i1 ,/rips on side ( trap betwe5 hoops4 ,j1 ,tips ( ^! /rips project+ to =m legs1 ,k4 ,cone4 ,l1 ,unit$ edges ( scre5 =m+ cone4 ,m1 ,ap]ture at apex ( cone4 ,! trap consi/s ess5tially ( a scre5 cyl9d] ) a frame made ( b>rel hoops1 9 ! bottom ( :i* is ins]t$ a scre5 cone4 ,! height ( ! cyl9d] is #bd in*es1 ! diamet] #ah in*es1 & ! cone is #bb in*es high1 & #ah in*es 9 diamet] at ! base4 ,mat]ial necess>y = ?is trap consi/s ( f\r new or secondh& wood5 b>rel hoops1 "o b>rel head1 f\r la?s1 #aj feet ( /rips #a to #a in*es wide by "o-half in* ?ick 7portions ( old boxes w suffice71 #fa l9e> in*es ( #ab or #ad me% galvaniz$ scre5+ #bd in*es wide = ! sides ( ! trap & #da in*es ( scre5+ #bf in*es wide = ! cone & door1 an ounce ( c>pet tacks1 & two turn-buttons1 :i* may be made ( wood4 ,! total co/ ( ! mat]ial = ?is trap1 if all is b\ght new at retail prices1 is ab\t #a4 ,9 practically all cases1 h[ev]1 ! b>rel hoops1 b>rel head1 la?1 & /rips c be obta9$ )\t exp5se4 ,?is w\ld r$uce ! co/ to t ( ! wire & tacks1 :i* w\ld be #hj c5ts4 ,if a l>g] numb] ( traps are con/ruct$ at "o "t1 ! co/ is consid]ably r$uc$4 ,"o ( ^! traps is illu/rat$ 9 figures #a & #b4 ,9 con/ruct+ ! trap two ( ! hoops are b5t 9 a circle 7#ah in*es 9 diamet] on ! inside71 & nail$ toge!r1 ! ends be+ trimm$ to give a close fit4 ,^! =m ! bottom ( ! frame 7,a71 & ! o!r two1 prep>$ 9 a simil> way1 ! top 7,b74 ,! top 7,c7 ( ! trap is made ( an ord9>y b>rel head ) ! bevel edge saw$ (f suffici5tly to cause ! head to fit closely 9 ! hoops & all[ secure nail+4 ,a squ>e1 #aj in*es on ! side1 is cut out ( ! c5t] ( ! top to =m a door4 ,! portions ( ! top 7b>rel head7 are held toge!r by in* /rips 7,d7 plac$ ar\nd ! op5+ "o-half in* f ! edge to =m a jamb = ! door4 ,! door consi/s ( a n>r[ frame 7,e7 cov]$ ) scre5 7,f7 well fitt$ to ! trap & held 9 place 7n h+$7 by buttons 7,g74 ,! top is !n nail$ 9 ! upp] hoops & ! sides 7,h7 =m$ by closely tack+ scre5 wire on ! outside ( ! hoops4 ,f\r la?s 7,i7 7or light /rips7 are nail$ to ! hoops on ! outside ( ! trap to act z supports betwe5 ! hoops1 & ! ends are all[$ to project #a in* at ! bottom to =m legs 7,j74 ,! cone 7,k7 is cut f ! scre5 & ei!r sew$ ) f9e wire or sold]$ :]e ! edges meet at 7,l71 or a n>r[ la? may be nail$ along ^! edges4 ,! apex ( ! cone is !n cut (f to give an ap]ture 7,m7 #a in* 9 diamet]4 ,x is !n ins]t$ 9 ! trap & closely tack$ to ! hoop ar\nd ! base4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4--;,conical hoop flytrap1 top view4 ,lett]s designate p>ts z 9 figure #a4 ,! con/ruction ( a cone ( any giv5 height or diamet] is q simple if ! foll[+ me?od be obs]v$4 ,x is be/ to cut a patt]n f a l>ge piece ( heavy pap]1 c>dbo>d1 or t91 ,figure #c illu/rates ! me?od ( lay+ out a cone ( ! prop] dim5sions = ! above trap4 ,an ord9>y squ>e is plac$ on ! mat]ial f :i* ! patt]n is to be cut2 a di/ance 7#bb in*es7 equal to ! height ( ! cone is laid (f on "o leg ( ! squ>e at ,a1 & a di/ance 7#i in*es7 equal to "o-half ( ! diamet] ( ! base ( ! cone is laid (f on ! o!r leg at ,b1 & a l9e is drawn betwe5 ! po9ts ,a & ,b4 ,) ! di/ance betwe5 ^! po9ts z a radius & ) ! po9t ,a z a c5t]1 ! portion ( a circle1 ,c ,d1 is drawn4 ,) a pair ( divid]s1 ! legs ( :i* are set #a in* ap>t1 or ) ! squ>e1 lay (f z _m in*es on ! arc ,c ,d1 />t+ at ,c1 z !re are in*es ar\nd ! base ( ! cone1 :i* 9 ?is case is ab\t #ef in*es1 rea*+ ne>ly to ! po9t ,e4 ,!n add "o-half in* = ! lapp+ ( ! edges ( ! cone1 & "o-half in* :i* is tak5 up :5 ! cone is tack$ 91 ?us mak+ a total di/ance f ,c to ,e ( #eg in*es4 ,draw a l9e f ,a to ,c & ano!r f ,a to ,e1 & cut out ! patt]n on ^! l9es & on ! arc f ,c to z %[n 9 figure #c4 ,! edges ,,ac & ,,ae are !n br\ght toge!r1 lapp$ "o-half in*1 & sew$ ) wire or sold]$4 ,aft] ! ap]ture ( ! cone is =m$ by cutt+ (f ! apex1 z previ\sly describ$1 x is ready = ins]tion 9 ! trap4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4--,me?od ( lay+ out a patt]n = ! con/ruction ( a cone4 ,cut out on curv$ l9e ,c to ,e & on dott$ l9es f ,a to ,c & ,a to ,e4 ,9 ord] to figure ! di/ance ar\nd ! base ( a cone ( any giv5 diamet] multiply ! diamet] by #c4adaf or #c-a_/g4 ,! height ( ! legs ( ! trap1 ! height ( ! cone1 & ! size ( ! ap]ture 9 ! top ( ! cone1 ea* are ( importance 9 secur+ ! greate/ effici5cy4 ,,o!r ,,=ms ,,( ,,conical ,,traps4 ,a modification ( ! previ\sly describ$ trap has be5 made by ,mr4 ,d4 ,c4 ,p>man ( ! ,bureau ( ,entomology4 ,! pr9cipal po9t ( advantage 9 ?is type is t x c be made m quickly & ) few] tools4 ,! pr9ciples & dim5sions are ! same1 ! mo/ /rik+ diff]5ce be+ ! abs5ce ( a wood5 top4 ,a s+le hoop ) ! ?ick edge d[n =ms ! upp] frame ( ! cyl9d] & ! entire top is made ( scre54 ,a circul> piece ( scre5 ) a diamet] ab\t #c in*es great] ?an ! diamet] ( ! cyl9d] is cut2 a hoop ) a diamet] equal to ! inside ( ! top ( ! trap is !n made ( heavy wire & laid ^u ! disk ( scre5 & ! edges ( ! scre5 b5t 9 ov] x4 ,by fold+ 9 & crimp+ ! edges ( ! wire ov] ! wire hoop x w rema9 9 position )\t difficulty & ! edges ( ! scre5 disk are us$ to lift ! top ( ! trap out = empty+ flies4 ,x is important to h ! scre5 top fit ! inside ( ! cyl9d] v snugly at all po9ts4 ,if !re is any space left :]e flies c escape x is a good plan to b9d ! edge ( ! top ) a /rip ( burlap4 ,?is n only helps to close ! op5+s b keeps ! hoop 9 place & aids 9 remov+ ! top4 ,ano!r diff]5ce is t ! scre5 =m+ ! sides ( ! cyl9d] is plac$ on ! inside ( ! hoops & legs1 ! frame be+ built fir/ & !n ! cyl9d] =m$ by tack+ ! wire on ! inside ( ! hoops & nail+ 9 along ! upright /rips & aga9/ ! wire %ort pieces ( la?s ) _! upp] ends aga9/ ! l[] edge ( ! hoop =m+ ! top ( ! trap & ext5d+ d[nw>d along ! legs ab\t two-?irds ( _! l5g?4 ,^! /rips hold ! wire 9 place & give rigidity to ! trap1 & !y are ?ick en\gh to project beyond ! inn] surface ( ! hoop & =m a support ^u :i* ! edges ( ! scre5 top re/4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4--,t5t flytrap4 ,:5 ! trap is set up ! scre5 box4 ,a1 fits on ! base1 ,b1 & two pans ( bait are plac$ b5ea? ! t5t4 ,c1 ,hole 9 scre5 at apex ( t5t4 ,conical traps ) /eel frames are satisfactory1 b !y are less easily rescre5$4 ,^!1 ( c\rse1 c be con/ruct$ only by %ops ) consid]able equipm5t4 ,traps con/ruct$ ) a wood5 disk ab\t ! base ( ! cone1 & a simil> disk ar\nd ! top to s]ve z a frame1 or ^? ) a squ>e wood5 frame at ! bottom & top1 ) /rips up ! corn]s1 are fairly satisfactory4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t ! factor :i* det]m9es ! numb] ( flies caught is ! diamet] ( ! base ( ! cone1 if o!r ?+s are equal4 ,!re=e ! space tak5 up by ! wood5 framework is l>gely wa/$1 & if x is too wide x w h a det]r5t effect on ! flies :i* come t[>d ! bait4 ,= ?is reason x is advisable t ! wood ar\nd ! base ( ! cone %\ld be z n>r[ z consi/5t ) /r5g?--usually ab\t #c in*es4 ,"u no condition %\ld ! sides or top ( ! trap be ( solid mat]ial1 z ! elim9ation ( light f ! top or sides has be5 f\nd to decrease ! cat* f #ej to #ge p] c5t4 ,,t5t ,,traps4 ,! t5t =m ( trap has be5 widely advocat$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 b rec5t exp]im5ts indicate t x is mu* less effici5t ?an ! cone trap1 & usually z difficult to con/ruct & almo/ z exp5sive4 ,! size ( ^! traps may v>y consid]ably1 b "o con/ruct$ accord+ to ! dim5sions giv5 9 figure #d w be f\nd mo/ conv5i5t4 ,! height ( ! t5t %\ld be ab\t equal to ! wid? ( ! base1 & ! holes 7,c7 along ! apex ( ! t5t %\ld be "o-half to ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet] & #a in* ap>t4 ,! box 7,a7 %\ld be provid$ ) hooks to pass ?r\gh ! eyes on ! base 7,b74 ,small blocks #a in* ?ick are nail$ b5ea? ! corn]s ( ! t5t frame to s]ve z legs4 ,,g>bage-,,c ,,traps4 ,z previ\sly m5tion$4 ,pr(4 ,hodge has adapt$ ! cone trap to use on ! lids ( g>bage cans4 ,x is n advisable to use ?is trap except :]e g>bage cans are suffici5tly op5 to admit flies4 ,9 su* cases a hole may be cut 9 ! lid ( ! c & "o ( ! small balloon traps :i* are obta9able on ! m>ket atta*$ ov] ! hole4 ,to make ! trap effective ! edges ( ?is lid %\ld ext5d well d[n ov] ! top ( ! c4 ,! lid %\ld be held up slightly s z to all[ ! flies to pass "u1 b n high en\gh to admit direct light4 ,practically speak+1 ! g>bage =ms ! bait = ?is trap1 & :5 inside ! c ! flies are attract$ to ! light admitt$ ?r\gh ! trap4 ,x is really advisable to h ! g>bage cans fly pro(1 s z to prev5t dang] ( fly bre$+ )9 !m r ?an to dep5d on traps on ! lids1 :i* necess>ily all[ odors to escape4 ,a g>bage c ) a trap atta*$ is illu/rat$ 9 figure #e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4--,top ( g>bage c ) small balloon flytrap atta*$4 ,,manure-,,box ,,traps4 ,manure pits or boxes are desirable = ! tempor>y /orage ( manure1 especially 9 t[ns & cities4 ,^! h be5 widely advocat$1 b ! difficulty has be5 t manure (t5 becomes infe/$ be=e x is put into !m1 & flies frequ5tly bre$ out be=e ! boxes are empti$ & (t5 escape ?r\gh ! cracks4 ,to obviate ^! difficulties a manure box or pit1 ) a modifi$ t5t trap or cone trap atta*$1 is desirable4 ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,swaim1 ( ,florida1 has devis$ a =m ( manure trap consi/+ ( a s]ies ( scre5 t5ts ) exit holes along ! ridges ( ^!1 ov] :i* is a scre5 box4 ,! latt] reta9s ! flies z !y pass ?r\gh ! holes 9 ! t5ts4 ,! entire trap is removable4 ,9 ord] to reta9 ! f]tiliz+ value ( manure to ! greate/ ext5t x is advisable to exclude ! air f x z mu* z possible & to protect x f ! lea*+ action ( ra9s4 ,?is be+ ! case1 !re is really no necessity to cov] a l>ge portion ( ! top ( ! box ) a trap1 b m]ely to h holes l>ge en\gh to attract flies to ! light1 & cov] ^! holes ) ord9>y conical traps1 ) ! legs cut (f1 s ! bottom ( ! trap w fit closely to ! box4 ,! same arrangem5t c be made :]e manure is kept 9 a pit4 ,9 l>ge b9s two or m holes cov]$ ) traps %\ld be provid$ = ! escape ( ! flies4 ,manure boxes %\ld be us$ by all /ock own]s 9 t[ns & cities1 & !y are also adaptable to f>ms4 ,! size ( ! manure b9 %\ld be gov]n$ by ! individual ne$s1 b = use on ! f>m x is desirable to make x l>ge en\gh to hold all ( ! manure produc$ dur+ ! busie/ season ( ! ye>4 ,a box #ad feet long1 #aj feet wide1 & #d feet deep w hold ! manure produc$ by two horses dur+ ab\t five mon?s4 ,ab\t #b cubic feet ( box space %\ld be all[$ = ea* horse p] day4 ,! b9 %\ld be made ( concrete or heavy plank4 ,:5 ! latt] is us$ ! cracks %\ld be batt5$ to prev5t ! escape ( flies4 ,! b9 may h a floor or x may be set 9 ! gr\nd sev]al in*es & ! dirt closely bank$ ar\nd ! outside4 ,= ! admission ( ! manure a good-siz$ door %\ld be provid$ 9 ei!r end ( a l>ge b94 ,a portion ( ! top %\ld be made easily removable = conv5i5ce 9 empty+ ! box1 or "o entire end ( ! box may be h+$4 ,on acc\nt ( ! dang] ( ! door be+ left op5 ?r\gh c>elessness1 x is advisable to arrange a lift door :i* c be op5$ by plac+ ! foot on a treadle z ! manure is %ovel$ 94 ,! door %\ld be heavy en\gh to close automatically :5 ! treadle is releas$4 ,a manure b9 ) flytrap atta*$ is %[n 9 figure #f4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4--,use ( flytrap 9 connection ) manure b94 ,a1 ,block ( wood set 9 gr\nd to :i* lev] rais+ door is h+$4 ,att5tion is direct$ to a maggot trap devis$ by ,mr4 ,r4 ,h4 ,hut*ison1 z describ$ 9 ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #hea ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,:]e l>ge quantities ( manure are produc$ on a f>m ?is me?od ( /or+ ! manure on a plat=m & trapp+ ! maggots :i* bre$ out may be m conv5i5t ?an ! manure b94 ,,w9d[ ,,traps4 ,pr(4 ,c4 ,f4 ,hodge has design$ a trap :i* is really a modifi$ t5t trap adapt$ to use 9 a w9d[4 ,?is trap is con/ruct$ s z to cat* ! flies z !y ent] or leave ?r\gh ! w9d[4 ,x is adaptable to b>ns :i* are fairly free f cracks or o!r places :]e flies may ent]4 ,x may also be us$ on w9d[s ( build+s :]e food/uffs are prep>$ & :]e flies endeavor to ent] ?r\gh ! w9d[s or escape aft] hav+ ga9$ entrance ?r\gh o!r passageways4 ,all op5+s n provid$ ) traps %\ld be closely scre5$1 & on l>ge build+s traps may be in/all$ 9 e ?ird w9d[4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4--;,hodge type w9d[ trap4 ,at left1 trap ) end remov$ to %[ con/ruction2 at "r1 cross section ( trap plac$ 9 a w9d[4 ,a1 ,end ( trap4 ,b1 ,upp] side ( folds 9 scre54 ,c1 ,l[] side ( folds 9 scre54 ,d1 ,portion ( end ( trap saw$ out & return$ aft] atta*+ scre54 ,e1 ,holes along apex ( folds4 ,f1 ,door = remov+ dead flies4 ,g1 ,w9d[ sill4 ,h1 ,upp] w9d[ sa%4 ,i1 ,inside entrance = flies4 ,o1 ,outside entrances4 ,?is trap is ess5tially a scre5 box closely fitt$ to ! frame ( a w9d[ 7see fig4 #g74 ,! ?ickness ( ! box at ,a %\ld be ab\t #ab in*es4 ,in/ead ( ! scre5 runn+ /raight d[n ov] ! box on ei!r side x is fold$ inw>d ne>ly to ! c5t] ( ! frame 9 ,v-%ap$ folds runn+ longitud9ally across ! w9d[4 ,"o1 two1 or ev5 m folds may be made 9 ! scre5 on ei!r side4 ,! upp] side ( ! fold ,b %\ld ext5d t[>d ! c5t] almo/ at "r angles ) ! side ( ! trap--t is1 p>allel ) ! top & bottom2 & ! l[] side ,c %\ld slant d[nw>d z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,! sides ( ! frame may be cut out at ! prop] angle & ! pieces ,d return$ aft] ! scre5 has be5 tack$ along ! edges4 ,along ! apex 7inn] edge7 ( ea* fold is pun*$ a s]ies ( holes ,e ab\t "o-half in* 9 diamet] & #a in* ap>t4 ,! apices ( ! folds on ei!r side ( ! w9d[ %\ld n be directly opposite4 ,a n>r[ door ,f op5+ d[nw>d on h+es %\ld be made on "o side ( ! trap at ! bottom = removal ( ! dead flies4 ,! entire trap is fa/5$ to ! w9d[ by hooks s t x may be readily tak5 (f4 ,an additional trapp+ feature may be add$ by provid+ a t5t trap fitt$ 9 ! bottom ( ! box4 ,a n>r[ slit is left along ! base to all[ ! flies to ent] b5ea? ! t5t4 ,bait may be plac$ "u ! t5t to attract ! flies4 ,x has be5 f\nd t ! use ( ^! w9d[ traps w aid 9 protect+ animals 9 b>ns f /able flies & mosquitoes1 & 9 "s cases horseflies & o!r noxi\s species are caught4 ,!y t5d to exclude ! light1 h[ev]1 & are some:at cumb]some1 especially 9 ?9-wall$ build+s4 ,,trapp+ ,,! ,,screw-,,worm ,,fly4#e #e ,*rysomyia macell>ia ,fab4 ,rec5t ef=ts to r$uce ! loss to ! live-/ock indu/ry ( ! ,s\?we/ result+ f ! ravages ( ! screw-worm h direct$ att5tion to ! employm5t ( flytraps 9 ?is "w4 ,m5tion has be5 made ( ! importance ( prev5t+ ! bre$+ ( flies z a pr]equisite to effective control4 ,?is is equally true ( ! screw-worm & o!r bl[flies1 :i* attack animals1 & ( ! h\se fly4 ,9 ! case ( ^! bl[flies ma9 dep5d5ce mu/ be plac$ on ! complete & prompt burn+ ( all c>casses & animal refuse4 ,exp]im5ts conduct$ 9 ! range sections ( ,texas indicate t traps prop]ly bait$ & set are ( mat]ial aid 9 prev5t+ screw-worm injury to live /ock4 ,x is advis$ t at lea/ "o trap be ma9ta9$ on ea* section ( l&4 ,^! %\ld be locat$ pref]ably ne> wat]+ places & :]e cattle congregate1 especially 9 ! s-call$ hospital traps1 :]e ! screw-worm-infe/$ animals are kept = treatm5t4 ,! conical-type traps z describ$ are advis$4 ,! traps %\ld be set on a bo>d plat=m ab\t #b feet squ>e1 securely fa/5$ to a tree or on a po/ :]e ! trap & bait w be ! lea/ di/urb$ by /ock or wild animals4 ,dur+ ! latt] half ( "o season ov] #ajj gallons ( flies1 ! va/ majority ( :i* 7 screw-worm flies1 7 captur$ 9 ab\t #be traps op]at$ on a ran* 9 we/ ,texas4 ,! "q ( ! baits be/ adapt$ = ?is species & o!r po9ts 9 reg>d to ! op]ation ( ! traps are briefly discuss$ "u subsequ5t head+s4 ,,baits ,,= ,,traps4 ,! problem ( select+ ! be/ bait = flies is an important "o4 ,9 *oos+ a bait x %\ld be rememb]$ t x is l>gely ! f]m5tation :i* r5d]s ! mat]ial attractive1 & t baits are mo/ attractive dur+ _! mo/ active p]iod ( f]m5tation4 ,z has be5 indicat$1 ! k9d ( bait us$ %\ld be gov]n$ by ! species ( flies ! de/ruction ( :i* is desir$4 ,?is is mo/ (t5 ! h\se fly4 ,exp]im5ts conduct$ indicate t a mixture ( *eap cane molasses 7black-/rap7 & wat] is among ! mo/ economical & effective baits = ! h\se fly4 ,"o "p ( molasses is mix$ ) ?ree p>ts ( wat]4 ,! attractiv5ess becomes m>k$ on ! second or ?ird day4 ,sug>-beet or /ock molasses1 :i* is v *eap1 especially 9 regions :]e produc$1 :5 mix$ 9 ! =ego+ proportions1 is fairly attractive4 ,on dairy f>ms1 probably milk is ! next *oice z a bait to cane-molasses solution1 consid]+ its conv5i5ce4 ,! curd f milk1 ) ab\t "o-half p\nd ( br[n sug> add$ to ea* p\nd & wat] to make x ?or\ghly moi/1 is a v good bait & cont9ues to be attractive = #aj days or m if kept moi/4 ,a ma% ( bran made q ?9 ) a mixture ( equal p>ts ( wat] & milk & ) a few tablespoonfuls ( br[n sug> & corn/>* & a yea/ cake add$ makes an attractive & la/+ bait4 ,dur+ hot wea!r /irr+ ! old bait or add+ fre% is a daily necessity if be/ results are to be secur$4 ,sirup made by dissolv+ #a "p ( ord9>y br[n sug> 9 #d p>ts ( wat] & all[+ ! mixture to /& a day or two to induce f]m5tation is almo/ equal to ! molasses & wat] z a fly bait4 ,if x is desirable to use ! sirup imm$iately aft] mak+ x1 a small am\nt ( v9eg> %\ld be add$4 ,honeybees are sometimes caught 9 l>ge numb]s at ?is bait4 ,:5 ?is happ5s "s ( ! o!r baits recomm5d$ %\ld be us$4 ,) ! baits be=e m5tion$ comp>atively few bl[flies w be caught4 ,= use ab\t slaught]h\ses1 but*] %ops1 & o!r places :]e bl[flies are tr\blesome1 x has be5 det]m9$ t ! muc\s membranes :i* =m ! l9+ ( ! inte/9es ( cattle or hogs are )\t equal z a bait4 ,?is mat]ial1 :i* is commonly spok5 ( z gut slime1 c be obta9$ f pack+ h\ses :]e sausage cas+s are prep>$4 ,! (f5sive odor ( ?is bait r5d]s its use undesirable v ne> habitations or mat]ials int5d$ = human consumption4 ,= use "u range conditions exp]im5ts are und]way ) dri$ gut slime4 ,?is mat]ial is giv+ satisfaction z a screw-worm fly attractant & is easily c>ri$1 be+ 9 a highly conc5trat$ =m4 ,! flaky mat]ial is plac$ 9 ! bait pans & wat] add$ at ! rate ( #a "p slime to #aj or #bj p>ts wat]1 aft] :i* ! mixture is ?or\ghly /irr$4 ,ano!r pack+-h\se product kn[n z blood tankage is a good fly bait :5 us$ ) molasses & wat]4 ,?is comb9ation results 9 ! capture ( a l>ge p]c5tage ( h\se flies4 ,:]e ^! mat]ials are n obta9able fairly good cat*es w result f ! use ( fi% scraps or meat scraps4 ,) any ( ^! baits ! cat*es w be f\nd n to be entirely meat-infe/+ flies1 z actual c\nts h %[n t ! p]c5tage ( h\se flies 9 traps ov] su* baits ranges f #de to #ge4 ,ov]ripe or f]m5t+ fruit1 su* z wat]melon r9ds or cru%$ bananas1 plac$ 9 ! bait pans sometimes gives satisfactory results4 ,a comb9ation ( ov]ripe bananas ) milk is mu* m attractive ?an ei!r "o us$ sep>ately4 ,a consid]able numb] ( bl[flies z well z h\se flies are attract$ to su* baits4 ,,bait ,,conta9]s4 ,! size ( ! bait conta9] 9 relation to ! size ( ! trap is a v important consid]ation4 ,x has be5 f\nd t a small pan or deep pan ( bait set 9 ! c5t] "u a trap w cat* only a small fraction ( ! numb] ( flies secur$ by us+ l>g]1 %all[ conta9]s4 ,! be/ & mo/ conv5i5t pan = baits is a %all[ circul> t91 su* z ! cov] ( a l>d bucket4 ,"u range conditions x is advisable to use a m sub/antial bait pan & pref]ably "o #a in*es deep1 s t a great] am\nt ( bait may be us$1 ?us prev5t+ complete dry+ out betwe5 visits to ! trap4 ,its diamet] %\ld be ab\t #d in*es less ?an t ( ! base ( ! trap1 ?us br++ ! edge )9 #b in*es ( ! outside edge ( ! trap4 ,= liquid baits ! cat* c be increas$ slightly by plac+ a piece ( sponge or a few *ips 9 ! c5t] ( ! bait pan to provide additional surface ^u :i* ! flies may alight4 ,! same k9d ( pans = bait may be us$ "u t5t traps4 ,two or m pans %\ld be us$1 accord+ to ! l5g? ( ! trap4 ,,c>e ,,& ,,location ,,( ,,traps4 ,9 _m cases flytrapp+ has be5 r5d]$ ineffectual by ! fact t ! traps 7 n prop]ly c>$ =4 ,9 sett+ traps a location %\ld be *os5 :]e flies naturally congregate4 ,?is is usually on ! sunny side ( a build+ out ( ! w9d4 ,x is exce$+ly important t ! bait conta9]s be kept well fill$4 ,?is usually requires att5tion e o!r day4 ,! bait pans %\ld be wa%$ out at r frequ5t int]vals4 ,?is gives a l>g] cat* & avoids ! dang] ( flies bre$+ 9 ! mat]ial us$ = bait4 ,fur!r1 x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t traps c n be op]at$ successfully ?r\gh\t ! season )\t empty+ !m4 ,:]e flies are abundant & ! bait pans are prop]ly att5d$ to ! traps %\ld be empti$ at weekly int]vals4 ,:]e flies become pil$ high aga9/ ! side ( ! cone ! cat*+ p[] ( ! trap is consid]ably r$uc$4 ,! de/ruction ( ! flies is be/ accompli%$ by imm]s+ ! trap 9 hot wat] or1 /ill bett]1 :]e a tight b>rel is at h& place a few live coals 9 a pan on ! gr\nd1 scatt] two tablespoonfuls ( sulphur ov] !m1 place ! trap ov] ! coals1 & turn ! b>rel ov] ! trap4 ,all ( ! flies w be r5d]$ motionless 9 ab\t five m9utes4 ,!y may !n be kill$ by us+ hot wat]1 ?r[+ !m into a fire1 or bury+ !m4 ,9 ! op]ation ( flytraps 9 controll+ ! screw-worm x has n be5 f\nd necess>y1 especially dur+ hot wea!r1 to kill ! flies1 z !y die v rapidly )9 ! traps4 ,9 ord] to empty a trap x may be inv]t$ & ! dead flies %ak5 d[n4 ,z ! liv+ flies w naturally g upw>d1 ! door may !n be remov$ & ! dead flies %ak5 out1 ! door replac$1 & ! trap set upright )\t loss ( _m ( ! liv+ flies4 ,,/icky ,,fly ,,pap]s4 ,/icky fly pap]s are ( "s value 9 de/roy+ flies :i* h ga9$ access to h\ses1 b !y h m>k$ limitations & num]\s objectionable features4 ,= use out ( doors traps are mu* m effective & economical4 ,dr4 ,crumb9e1 ( ! ,kansas ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,heal?1 gives ! foll[+ me?od = prep>+ fly pap]3 ,take #b p\nds ( ros9 & #a p9t ( ca/or oil1 heat toge!r until x looks l molasses4 ,take an ord9>y pa9t bru% & sme> :ile hot on any k9d ( pap]--an old newspap] is good--& place sev]al ab\t ! room4 ,a doz5 ( ^! may be made at a co/ ( #a c5t4 ,,poison$ ,,baits4 ,! "q ( de/ruction ( flies ) poisons is some:at out ( place "h1 b ! close relation%ip ( poison$ baits to trapp+ w>rants a brief /atem5t4 ,probably ! be/ poison$ bait = h\se flies is =maldehyde 9 milk us$ at ! rate ( ab\t two teaspoonfuls ( =maldehyde to a p9t ( a mixture ( equal p>ts ( milk & wat]4 ,?is is plac$ 9 flat di%es 9 places frequ5t$ by flies4 ,a piece ( bread or a sponge 9 ! di% adds to ! effectiv5ess4 ,br[n sug> or molasses & wat] ) #b p] c5t =maldehyde 7comm]cial1 #dj p] c5t solution7 add$ w probably also give satisfactory results4 ,z f> z possible o!r liquids %\ld be remov$ :5 poison$ baits are expos$4 ,! use ( poison solutions1 especially ars5ical solution 9 tubs conta9+ portions ( animal c>casses1 has be5 tri$ & advocat$ aga9/ ! screw-worm by a numb] ( /ockm54 ,a comp>atively weak poison solution--ab\t #a gallon ( dip1 dilut$ = use on cattle1 to #g gallons ( wat]--is suffici5t4 ,be/ results usually h be5 secur$ :]e a consid]able portion ( ! animal matt] 0 all[$ to protrude f ! poison solution1 z !re is a t5d5cy = ! solution to h>d5 ! bait & prev5t its decomposition1 ?us r$uc+ its attraction = flies4 ,,caution4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t =maldehyde1 #dj p] c5t1 is poison ab\t 9 ! same proportion z wood alcohol1 if tak5 int]nally4 ,x %\ld n be inhal$1 nor %\ld ! eyes be unduly expos$ to x4 ,special pa9s %\ld be tak5 to prev5t *ildr5 f dr9k+ poison$ baits & to prev5t ! poison$ flies f dropp+ into foods or dr9ks4 ,ars5ical solutions1 z is well kn[n1 are extremely poison\s to man & animals4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to protect ! poison$ baits f lire /ock & x is n advisable to h ! baits close to b>ny>ds :]e f[ls are kept1 z !y may be poison$ by eat+ ! dead flies4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib] ,note ,m9or typos h be5 correct$4 ,illu/rations 7 mov$ to prev5t splitt+ p>agraphs4 ,produc$ f files g5]\sly made available by ,,usda ?r\gh ,! ,int]net ,ar*ive4 ,all resultant mat]ials are plac$ 9 ! ,public ,doma94