,transcrib] ,note ,emphasis is d5ot$ z ,italics & ,bold4 ,,crimson ,,clov] ,,leaflet ,no4 #afj ,u4,s4,,dep>tm5t ( ,,agriculture ,issu$ ,june #aich4 ,,crimson ,,clov] ,by ,e4 ,a4 ,holl[ell1 s5ior agronomi/1 ,division ( ,=age ,crops & ,diseases1 ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry ,gr[? & ,di/ribution ,crimson clov] 7,trifolium inc>natum7 is ! mo/ important w9t] annual legume ( ! c5tral section ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ates 7fig4 #a74 ,besides be+ an excell5t hay plant & furni%+ an abundance ( e>ly spr+ pa/ure1 x af=ds protection to ! soil dur+ ! fall1 w9t]1 & spr+1 prev5ts soil wa%+1 & provides gre5 manure = soil improvem5t4 ,?is legume has ! di/9ct advantage ( be+ a heavy produc] ( se$1 :i* c be easily h>ve/$ & s[n )\t ! use ( exp5sive ma*9]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a4--,pr9cipal crimson clov] region ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,crimson clov] is a native ( ,europe & is widely gr[n 9 ,france1 ,hung>y1 & o!r c5tral & s\!rn ,european c\ntries4 ,se$ 0 introduc$ into ?is c\ntry z e>ly z #ahai1 b x 0 n until #ahhj t ! plant became ( agricultural importance4 ,dur+ ! la/ #f ye>s ! annual comm]cial consumption ( se$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates has rang$ f #b to #d million p\nds4 ,9 addition1 l>ge quantities ( home-gr[n se$ are us$ & h&l$ f f>m to f>m4 ,! common "n ( ?is clov] is d]iv$ f ! di/9ctive bright crimson color ( ! blossoms4 ,o!r common names1 su* z ,g]man clov] & sc>let clov]1 are frequ5tly he>d 9 diff]5t localities4 ,9 g5]al ! leaves & /ems ( crimson clov] resemble r$ clov]1 b are di/+ui%$ by ! r\nd+ ( ! tips ( ! leaves & a great] cov]+ ( hair on bo? leaves & /e9s4 ,:5 x is plant$ 9 ! fall ! leaves develop f ! cr[n & =m a rosette1 :i* enl>ges :5ev] wea!r conditions are favorable4 ,9 late spr+ fl[] /ems develop rapidly & t]m9ate _! gr[? ) elongat$ fl[] heads4 ,se$ =ms & ! plant dies ) ! adv5t ( hot summ] wea!r4 ,! se$ is yell[1 slightly l>g]1 & m r\nd+ ?an r$ clov] se$4 ,adaptation ,crimson clov] is adapt$ to cool1 humid wea!r & is tol]ant ( w9t] conditions :]e ! temp]ature does n become sev]e or too v>iable4 ,9 ?is region 7fig4 #a7 x %\ld be plant$ 9 late summ] or e>ly fall1 s9ce e>ly e/abli%m5t & gr[? are favorable to its w9t] survival4 ,x w ?rive on bo? s&y & clay soils & is tol]ant ( ord9>y soil acidity4 ,on extremely poor soils1 /&s are difficult to obta9 & ! gr[? is /unt$4 ,! use ( manure & phosphate f]tiliz]s on su* soils w improve ! *ances ( obta9+ good /&s4 ,crimson clov] may also be successfully gr[n z a summ] annual 9 ,ma9e1 nor!rn ,mi*igan1 & ,m9nesota4 ,! w9t] culture ( ?is clov] may be ext5d$ into ,k5tucky1 s\!rn ,miss\ri1 & s\!rn ,indiana provid$ ! se$ is s[n 9 f]tile soil e>ly 9 ,augu/4 ,production may be successfully ext5d$ s\?w>d ) an increase ( soil f]tility & ) se$+ delay$ until soil-moi/ure conditions are favorable4 ,se$b$ ,prep>ation ,! mo/ important & difficult phase ( successful production ( crimson clov] is gett+ a /&4 ,suffici5t soil moi/ure to g]m9ate ! se$ & to e/abli% ! se$l+s is ! greate/ factor 9 obta9+ a /&1 :i* :5 e/abli%$ usually produces a good crop4 ,se$+s are usually made 9 late ,augu/ or e>ly ,septemb] betwe5 ! r[s ( cultivat$ crops4 ,"u su* conditions an ideal se$b$ is difficult to prep>e1 !re=e c>eful prep>ation is necess>y4 ,fur!rmore1 ! crop plants 9 ! r[ %ade ! clov] se$l+s & s]i\sly compete ) !m = ! available moi/ure4 ,increas+ ! di/ance betwe5 ! r[s & plant+ ! r[ crop m ?9ly w af=d bett] opportunity = ! e/abli%m5t ( ! clov]4 ,:5 plant$ betwe5 ! r[s ( o!r crops1 ! se$ is usually broadca/ on ! surface & cov]$ by cultivat+ or h>r[+ 7fig4 #b74 ,drill+ ! se$ aft] ! soil surface has be5 /irr$ w usually give m complete /&s ?an broadca/+1 & x may be done ) a small "o-horse drill4 ,! se$ %\ld n be plant$ m ?an "o-half to ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* deep1 respectively1 9 clay & s&y soils4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b4--,se$+ crimson clov] 9 corn4 ,crimson clov] is (t5 se$$ foll[+ a gra9 crop1 & ?is is a sur] me?od ( e/abli%+ a /& ?an plant+ betwe5 ! r[s ( cultivat$ crops1 provid+ ! se$b$ is well prep>$4 ,aft] ! gra9 crop is remov$ ! soil is pl[$ or disk$ & all[$ to settle4 ,?is is foll[$ by light h>r[+ or disk+ :5 necess>y to kill we$ se$l+s4 ,be=e ! clov] is se$$ ! soil %\ld be firmly pack$1 because a loose cloddy se$b$ is ! =]unn] ( failure4 ,! se$ may be ei!r drill$ or broadca/1 b drill+ w give m uni=m /&s4 ,f]tiliz]s ,:5 ! crop is plant$ on extremely poor soils1 good /&s & gr[? _c be expect$4 ,su* soil conditions may be improv$ by ! application ( manure & phosphate f]tiliz]s or by turn+ "u su* crops z c[peas1 soybeans1 or lesp$eza4 ,9 _m soils ( l[ f]tility ! use ( #ej to #ajj p\nds p] acre ( a nitrog5 f]tiliz] w enc\rage e>ly se$l+ gr[? & e/abli%m5t4 ,on ! f]tile soils ( ?is region crimson clov] may be successfully gr[n )\t f]tiliz]1 b on mo/ soils applications ( #bjj p\nds ( phosphate f]tiliz] p] acre are pr(itable 9 obta9+ /&s & vigor\s gr[? 7fig4 #c74 ,! use ( pota% is recomm5d$ :5 a defici5cy is kn[n to exi/4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #c4--;,effect ( phosphate application on good soil3 ,treat$ 7left72 untreat$ 7"r74 ,se$ ,s\rces ,( ! total am\nt ( se$ normally us$ approximately #fj p]c5t is ( =eign orig91 com+ pr9cipally f ,hung>y & ,france4 ,mo/ ( ! dome/ic crimson clov] se$ (f]$ on ! m>ket is produc$ 9 s\?-c5tral ,t5nessee4 ,:ile :ite-fl[]$ /ra9s & o!rs diff]+ 9 maturity h be5 isolat$1 !y are little us$4 ,claims h be5 made t locally gr[n se$ is sup]ior to se$ f o!r s\rces includ+ t ( =eign orig94 ,fur!r exp]im5ts are ne$$ to det]m9e :e!r su* diff]5ces actually exi/4 ,rate & ,"t ( ,se$+ ,"u ord9>y conditions #ae to #ah p\nds ( hull$ se$ w give good /&s unless !re is a defici5cy ( soil moi/ure4 ,dep5d+ ^u ! am\nt ( =eign mat]ial #de to #fj p\nds ( unhull$ se$ is comp>able to a #ae-p\nd se$+ rate ( hull$ se$4 ,crimson clov] may be s[n f ! middle ( ,augu/ until ,octob] #a ) ! expectation ( secur+ a good /&4 ,! lat] x is se$$ ! less gr[? c be expect$ & ! m readily w9t]kill+ occurs4 ,! e>ly e/abli%m5t ( ! plants becomes m important z plant+s are ext5d$ nor?w>d4 ,se$+ crimson clov]1 if possible1 ei!r imm$iately be=e or foll[+ heavy ra9s w increase its *ances ( mak+ a /&4 ,! spr+ plant+ ( crimson clov] 9 or s\? ( ! ,corn ,belt usually results 9 a %ort1 /unt$ gr[? foll[$ by meag] blossom+ & an unpr(itable yield4 ,inoculation ,9 _m p>ts ( ! crimson clov] region x is n necess>y to inoculate ! se$2 b if clov] has n be5 successfully gr[n on a soil1 inoculation ( ! se$ is good insurance4 ,if ! plants are n inoculat$ !y w develop sl[ly1 become yell[1 & die4 ,inoculat$ plants are able to obta9 ab\t two-?irds ( _! nitrog5 f ! air ?r\gh _! root nodules4 ,! plants may be artificially inoculat$ by apply+ pure cultures ( ! bact]ia to ! se$ or by scatt]+ soil f a field :]e inoculat$ crimson clov] has be5 gr[n4 ,two hundr$ to ?ree hundr$ p\nds p] acre ( su* soil ev5ly di/ribut$ at se$+ "t is suffici5t4 ,unhull$ ,se$ ,! use ( unhull$ se$ (f]s ! di/9ct advantage ( increas+ ! *ance ( obta9+ ?ick /&s4 ,) ! preval5ce ( dry soil conditions1 light ra9fall does n cause ! unhull$ se$ to g]m9ate1 b hull$ se$ g]m9ates readily & ! se$l+s may die f lack ( moi/ure be=e !y c become e/abli%$4 ,its bulky nature makes unhull$ se$ m difficult to di/ribute uni=mly ?an hull$ se$4 ,x mu/ be broadca/ & may be h>r[$ 94 ,x is also difficult to m>ket & is n g5]ally h&l$ by ! se$ trade4 ,b f>m]s c h>ve/ se$ = _! own use & save ! exp5se ( hav+ x hull$4 ,companion ,crops ,rye1 vet*1 ,italian ryegrass1 & fall-s[n gra9 crops are (t5 se$$ ) crimson clov]4 ,besides mak+ a valuable addition to ! clov] 7fig4 #d71 ^! companion crops help bol/] up a ?9 /&4 ,su* crops are se$$ f "o-half to "o-?ird ! normal crop rate & ! crimson clov] is se$$ at ! normal rate4 ,plant+ is done at ! same "t1 b1 z a great] dep? is requir$ = mo/ ( ! se$ ( ! companion crops1 two se$+ op]ations are necess>y4 ,9 ,t5nessee1 f>m]s (t5 use a mixture ( #e p\nds ( r$ clov] & #aj p\nds ( crimson clov] p] acre ) excell5t results4 ,! fir/ gr[? ( ! mixture may be graz$ or h>ve/$ = hay or = crimson clov] se$1 :ile ! second crop is :olly r$ clov]4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d4--;,crimson clov] & rye1 an excell5t gre5-manure comb9ation4 ,diseases & ,insects ,! only s]i\s disease t affects crimson clov] is /em rot4 ,! effect ( ?is disease is se5 9 ! e>ly spr+ & is *>act]iz$ by ! plants dy+ 9 pat*es4 ,! /ems rot at ! surface ( ! soil or :]e !y jo9 ! cr[n4 ,! occurr5ce ( cont9u$ damp cool wea!r dur+ e>ly spr+ favors ! developm5t ( ! disease4 ,exclusion ( clov] & o!r legumes f ! rotation = a p]iod ( #b to #e ye>s is ! be/ control me?od4 ,s&y soils 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! crimson clov] belt are (t5 infe/$ ) nematodes4 ,nematode injury results 9 a /unt+ & yell[+ ( ! plants & is mo/ preval5t 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! region4 ,:ile ! clov]-se$ *alcid1 ! pea aphid1 & o!r insects sometimes become num]\s 9 crimson clov]1 insects d n ord9>ily cause appreciable damage4 ,utilization ,crimson clov] gr[s rapidly 9 e>ly spr+ & furni%es an abundance ( e>ly graz+ 7fig4 #e74 ,if plant$ e>ly & an abundant fall gr[? is made1 ! clov] may also be graz$ dur+ ! fall & w9t] mon?s4 ,su* a practice has be5 successfully foll[$ 9 ,t5nessee1 :]e crimson clov] has provid$ ! w9t] pa/urage4 ,! graz+1 h[ev]1 %\ld be re/rict$ to p]iods :5 ! soil is relatively dry1 o!rwise damage may result f trampl+4 ,animals graz+ on crimson clov] seldom bloat2 h[ev]1 x is advisable n to turn !m into clov] fields = ! fir/ "t :5 !y are hungry4 ,bloat is less likely to occur :5 a mixture ( clov] & grass or gra9 is graz$ ?an :5 ! clov] alone is graz$4 ,z crimson clov] rea*es maturity ! hairs ( ! heads & /ems become h>d & t\gh4 ,:5 graz$ cont9u\sly or :5 f$ z hay at ?is /age ( maturity l>ge masses ( ! hairs are liable to =m into hair balls 9 /oma*s ( horses & mules4 ,occasionally ! hair balls are responsible = ! dea? ( animals4 ,if small am\nts ( o!r fe$s1 p>ticul>ly r\ghages1 are f$ along ) ! clov]1 ! =mation ( ^! balls w be r$uc$4 ,cattle1 %eep1 & sw9e d n seem to be affect$4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #e4--;,crimson clov] provides an abundance ( e>ly spr+ graz+4 ,crimson clov] makes excell5t hay :5 cut at ! e>ly bloom /age al?\gh ! yield may be slightly r$uc$4 ,= maximum yields x %\ld be h>ve/$ 9 full bloom4 ,! hay is easily cur$ ei!r 9 ! swa? or 9 ! w9dr[4 ,few] leaves are lo/ & less blea*+ occurs 9 w9dr[$ hay4 ,al?\gh yields z high z #b tons p] acre are n uncommon on f]tile soil1 #a to #b tons is an ord9>y production4 ,crimson clov] is an ideal gre5-manure crop4 ,= ! be/ result x %\ld be pl[$ "u #b to #c weeks be=e plant+ ! succe$+ crop4 ,?is gives suffici5t "t = decomposition1 :i* is rapid unless ! crop is mature :5 pl[$ "u4 ,occasionally1 /rips are pl[$ 9 :i* r[ crops are plant$1 all[+ ! clov] betwe5 ! pl[$ /rips to mature4 ,se$ may be h>ve/$ by h& f ! clov] betwe5 ! r[ crop1 & ! rema9+ clov] /raw all[$ to mat & s]ve z a mul*1 or ! entire plant may be p]mitt$ to =m a mul*4 ,a volunte] se$+ may be secur$ 9 ?is way1 especially 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ?is region1 b attempts to foll[ su* a practice %\ld be tri$ on a small scale until exp]i5ce is ga9$4 ,:5 us$ 9 or*>ds1 crimson clov] is (t5 all[$ to mature1 aft] :i* x is disk$ into ! soil4 ,occasionally a volunte] se$+ may be obta9$ 9 ! fall4 ,se$ ,production ,crimson clov] is a prolific se$-produc+ plant & yields ( #e to #aj bu%els p] acre are common1 dep5d+ ^u ! ?ickness ( ! /&1 ! am\nt ( gr[? t is produc$1 & ! c>e ex]cis$ 9 h>ve/+ ! se$4 ,! florets are self-f]tile1 b bees are effective 9 tripp+ & transf]r+ ! poll51 ) a consequ5t increase 9 ! numb] ( se$ p] head4 ,! plac+ ( colonies ( honeybees adjac5t to bloom+ fields w effectively increase poll9ation4 ,m se$ is usually produc$ on soils ( m$ium f]tility ?an on ri* soils1 s9ce f]tile soils seem to /imulate ! gr[? ( /ems & leaves at ! exp5se ( fl[]-head developm5t4 ,l>ge yields & ease ( h>ve/+ crimson clov] se$ are ! pr9cipal reasons :y crimson clov] is su* an ideal legume crop4 ,f>m]s may save se$ ) v little exp5se o!r ?an _! own labor4 ,:5 ! se$ heads are mature !y readily %att] & are easily h>ve/$ ei!r by h& /ripp+ or by us+ horse-drawn homemade /ripp]s4 ,"o bu%el ( unhull$ se$ conta9s ab\t #b p\nds ( hull$ se$1 & al?\gh bulky 9 nature1 x c be easily /or$ on ! f>m until fall4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #f4--;,cutt+ a crimson clov] se$ crop ) a m[] equipp$ ) a bun*+ atta*m5t4 ,:5 ! se$ is mature ! crop is cut ) a m[]1 :i* may be equipp$ ) a bun*+ or w9dr[+ atta*m5t 7fig4 #f7 or x may be h>ve/$ ) a comb9e4 ,dur+ wet seasons difficulties 9 comb9+ ! se$ f /&+ plants may be exp]i5c$4 ,"u su* conditions ! plants may be cut & w9dr[$ & !n ?re%$ by ! comb9e f ! w9dr[4 ,z crimson clov] %att]s easily :5 ripe1 cutt+ ) ! m[] :5 ! heads are damp ) dew or ra9 is recomm5d$4 ,if all[$ to /& too long aft] x is ripe a beat+ ra9 w %att] mu* ( ! se$4 ,aft] a few days ( cur+1 ! se$ is hull$ ) an ord9>y clov] hull] or a gra9 sep>ator equipp$ ) hull+ atta*m5ts4 ,! less ! clov] is h&l$1 ! less se$ w be lo/ by %att]+4 ,tr\blesome we$s are enc\nt]$ 9 gr[+ crimson clov] se$2 field pepp]grass 7,lepidium campe/re7 & w9t]cress 7,b>b>ea praecox7 are probably ! wor/1 z _! sep>ation f ! clov] se$ is difficult4 ,little b>ley 7,hordeum pusillum7 is objectionable 9 unhull$ se$1 & ! use ( unhull$ se$ w naturally increase ! preval5ce ( ?is we$4 ,u4 ,s4 ,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice3 #aich ,= sale by ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,docum5ts1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 -- ,price #e c5ts 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib] ,note ,illu/rations mov$ to avoid splitt+ p>agraphs & clos] to ref]5ces 9 ! text4 ,m9or typos may h be5 correct$4