,transcrib] ,note    ,text emphasis     
d5ot$ z ,italics & ,bold4               
,,f>m]s' ,,bullet9 #aadb                
,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,dep>tm5t ,,(          
,,agriculture                           
,,gr[+                                  
,,crimson                               
,,clov]      ,crimson ,clov] is a h&some
 fall-plant$ annual1 widely cultivat$ 9 
! ,middle ,atlantic & ,s\!a/]n ,/ates = 
=age1 a cov] crop1 &  gre5 manure4      
,crimson clov] is commonly s[n 9 corn at
 ! la/ cultivation4 ,if !  soil is      
heavy1 a bett] practice is to s[ aft] a 
crop ( small gra9 or  on o!r l& :i* c be
 specially prep>$4    ,crimson clov] w  
gr[ on poor] soil ?an mo/ clov]s & is n 
p>ticul>ly dep5d5t ^u lime4 ,= ?is      
reason x has be5 widely us$  = re/or+ ! 
productivity ( soils :i* h be5 abus$4 ,a
 m  important function is to ma9ta9 crop
 yields on soils :i* are already        
mod]ately ri*4    ,! mo/ common         
difficulty 9 gr[+ crimson clov] is !    
kill+ ( !  "y /&s by dr\ght4 ,?is is be/

 prev5t$ by ! prep>ation ( a  f9e1 moi/1
 & firmly compact$ se$ b$4    ,augu/ &  
,septemb] are ! be/ mon?s = s[+ crimson 
clov]1 !  exact date dep5d+ ^u !        
condition ( ! soil4 ,ei!r hull$ or      
unhull$ se$ may be us$1 ! latt] giv+    
some:at great] c]ta9ty (  a /&4         
,crimson clov] is (t5 s[n ) a nurse crop
 ( buck:eat or c[peas1 to  protect x f !
 sun4 ,a light cov]+ ( /raw is also     
effective4    ,comb9ations ( crimson    
clov] ) oats1 hairy vet*1 or o!r        
fall-s[n  =age crops give some:at high] 
yields & a sur] /& ?an crimson  clov]   
alone4    ,no insects tr\ble crimson    
clov] s]i\sly1 & ! only sev]e disease   
is ! /em-rot1 or wilt4                  
,contribution f ! ,bureau ( ,plant      
,indu/ry                                
,,wm4 ,a4 ,,taylor1 ,*ief               
,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,augu/1 #aibj         
,,gr[+ ,,crimson ,,clov]4#a             
,l4 ,w4 ,keph>t1 ,sci5tific ,assi/ant1  
,(fice ( ,=age-,crop ,inve/igations4    
#a ,?is bullet9 is a revision ( ,f>m]s' 

,bullet9 #eej1 entitl$  ,crimson ,clov]3
 ,gr[+ ! ,crop1 by ,j4 ,m4 ,we/gate1    
=m]ly ,agronomi/  9 ,*>ge ( ,clov]      
,inve/igations1 ,(fice ( ,=age-,crop    
,inve/igations4  ,! illu/rations & "s ( 
! subject matt] ( ! old bullet9 are     
reta9$ 9 ! pres5t issue4                
,,cont5ts4                              
,page4      ,hi/ory & adaptations       
#d    ,v>ieties                         
#e    ,use 9 ! rotation                 
#f      ,se$+ 9 int]till$ crops         
#f      ,se$+ aft] an e>ly-matur+ crop  
#g    ,requirem5ts = obta9+ a /&        
#h      ,soils                          
#i      ,prep>ation ( ! se$ b$          
#aj      ,f]tiliz]s                     
#aa      ,lime                          
#ab      ,inoculation                   
#ac    ,se$+                            
#ac      ,"t ( se$+                     
#ac      ,rate ( se$+                   
#ad      ,me?ods ( se$+                 
#ad      ,*oice ( se$                   
#af      ,unhull$ se$                   

#af      ,use ( a nurse crop            
#ag      ,se$ mixtures                  
#ah    ,treatm5t ( ! /&                 
#bj    ,maladies                        
#bj      dropcap3 ,,crimson ,,clov] is  
an annual or w9t] annual true clov]1    
resembl+ common r$ clov] 9 size & g5]al 
appe>ance1 ! mo/  noticeable diff]5ce   
be+ ! fl[] heads1 :i* are long1 n>r[1 & 
po9t$ in/ead ( %ort1 sph]ical1 & compact
 7fig4 #a74 ,! individual  fl[]s ( ?is  
clov] are commonly ( a ri* sc>let color1
 & z !  heads are borne mo/ly on ! ends 
( ! /ems1 a field ( crimson clov]  9    
full bloom pres5ts a /rik+ly brilliant  
appe>ance4 ,because ( !  color ( !      
fl[]s1 crimson clov] is (t5 t]m$ sc>let 
clov]1  al?\gh x is also kn[n1 less     
commonly1 z ,fr5* clov]1 ,italian       
clov]1 ,g]man clov]1 inc>nate clov]1 &  
annual clov]4 ,x is  ! only annual true 
clov] t is ( m ?an incid5tal            
agricultural  importance 9 ! ea/]n      
,unit$ ,/ates4    ,probably ! mo/       
important *>act]i/ic ( crimson clov] is 

its  ability to gr[ & make its crop dur+
 ! fall & e>ly spr+1  :5 ! l& is n      
occupi$ by ! ord9>y summ]-gr[n crops4 ,9
  sections :]e x succe$s1 x c be s[n    
foll[+ a gra9 crop or 9  an int]till$   
crop 9 late summ] & is ready to h>ve/ = 
hay1 to  pa/ure1 or to turn "u z gre5   
manure 9 "t to pl[ ! l& =  spr+-se$$    
crops1 su* z corn or cotton4 ,s\? (     
c5tral ,delaw>e  x may ev5 be cut = se$ 
& ! /ubble pl[$ "u 9 "t =  se$+ a       
quick-matur+ /ra9 ( corn4 ,because x c  
be gr[n dur+  ! (fseason ( ! ye>1       
crimson clov] is "o ( ! mo/ economical  
legumes = gre5 manur+1 & x has be5      
l>gely us$ = t purpose  9 ! regions to  
:i* x is adapt$4 ,! _m uses to :i* ?is  
crop  may be put m]it a c>eful /udy ( ! 
be/ me?ods ( e/abli%+ a  /& ( ?is clov] 
on ! f>m4    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4        
#a4--;,a s+le plant ( crimson clov]4    
,,hi/ory ,,& ,,adaptations4             
,crimson clov] is a native ( ,europe1   
:]e x is cultivat$ z a =age  &          
gre5-manur+ crop 9 ,italy1 ,france1     

,spa91 ,g]many1 ,au/ria1 &  ,great      
,brita94 ,l>ge quantities (             
crimson-clov] se$ are export$ f  ,europe
 to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 especially f !     
di/ricts ( c5tral  ,france1 :]e crimson 
clov] is ! premi] legum9\s =age plant4  
,crimson clov] 0 introduc$ into ?is     
c\ntry z e>ly z #ahah1 & !  se$ 0 widely
 di/ribut$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t    
,(fice 9 #ahee4  ,! plant 0 at fir/     
reg>d$ m = its ornam5tal value ?an z a  
=age plant1 h[ev]1 & x 0 n until ab\t   
#ahhj t its value =  agricultural       
purposes began to be appreciat$4        
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4--,map ( a "p ( !
 ,unit$ ,/ates1 %[+ !  region :]e       
crimson clov] is mo/ widely gr[n4    ,at
 pres5t crimson clov] is gr[n mo/ widely
 9 ! light] s&y  areas ( ! ,atlantic    
,coa/al ,pla91 :]e ! soil is n v ri*  & 
! w9t]s are n sev]e4 7,fig4 #b47 ,!     
plant does n )/&  ei!r extreme cold or  
extreme heat1 & its culture is !re=e    
limit$  to regions :i* enjoy at "s "t   
dur+ ! ye> a long p]iod (  relatively   

mild1 moi/ wea!r4 ,ord9>ily1 ?is clov]  
does n survive  ! w9t] 9 latitudes nor? 
( s\!rn ,p5nsylvania1 :ile 9 "s (  !    
,s\!rn ,/ates x is frequ5tly kill$ by   
dry1 hot wea!r 9 !  fall or spr+4 ,x    
succe$s well 9 ! humid regions ne> !    
,gulf (  ,mexico & 9 ! ,pacific         
,nor?we/1 b 9 ^! areas x is n widely    
gr[n4    ,normally1 crimson clov] is a  
w9t] annual comp>able to w9t] :eat2  t  
is1 x is plant$ 9 ! fall1 lies m or less
 dormant ov] w9t]1  gr[s rapidly 9 !    
spr+1 & dies1 aft] go+ to se$1 e>ly 9 ! 
summ]4 ,:]e ! summ]s are n too hot x c  
be plant$ 9 ! spr+  & gr[n z a summ]    
crop1 b = ?is purpose o!r clov]s are    
usually  pref]r$4          ,,v>ieties4  
,crimson clov] is exce$+ly v>iable bo? 9
 color ( fl[] & 9  "t ( maturity4 ,^!   
v>iations are p>ticul>ly noticeable 9   
fields  plant$ f a mix$ lot ( se$1 !    
fl[]s pres5t+ a range 9 color  f ne>ly  
pure :ite to a deep purpli% r$ & ! se$s 
a diff]5ce  9 date ( rip5+ ( m ?an a    
mon?4 ,s9ce crimson clov] is ?\ght  to  

be ma9ly self-poll9at$1 x is easy to fix
 ^! qualities by  selection & to e/abli%
 def9ite v>ieties4    ,9 ,europe six or 
sev5 diff]5t v>ieties ( crimson clov]   
are  recogniz$ & sold by se$sm51 v>y+ f 
extra e>ly crimson fl[]$  to1 extra late
 :ite fl[]$ & f v h>dy to non-h>dy4 ,by 
! use  ( a succession ( ^! v>ieties !   
,european f>m] is able to spread  8     
h>ve/ ov] six or sev5 weeks in/ead (    
hav+ x conc5trat$  )9 a few days1 z 9   
,am]ica4 ,simil>ly1 ! culture ( ! plant 
has  be5 ext5d$ nor?w>d f ,italy to     
,sw$5 by means ( h>dy /ra9s4  ,a wild =m
 ( crimson clov] hav+ yell[i% fl[]s &   
hairy foliage  occurs 9 s\!rn & ea/]n   
,europe & 9 ,engl&1 b x is n (  economic
 value4    ,9 ,am]ica no %>ply def9$    
v>ieties ( crimson clov] are recogniz$1 
except a :ite-bloom+ v>iety :i* is sold 
9 ! ,s\? & is two  weeks lat] ?an !     
ord9>y crimson-fl[]$ sort4 ,h>dy /ra9s h
  be5 develop$ & us$ 9 a small way 9    
,massa*usetts & ,ohio1 b  ^! are n      
comm]cially available4          ,,use   

,,9 ,,! ,,rotation4      ,,se$+ ,,9     
,,int]till$ ,,crops4    ,9 =m] ye>s a   
l>ge p]c5tage ( ! crimson-clov] acreage 
0  se$$ 9 corn or o!r int]till$ crops at
 or %ortly aft] ! "t (  ! la/           
cultivation4 ,9 mo/ ( ! crimson-clov]   
area x is possible  to make su* a se$+1 
obta9 a good gr[? dur+ ! fall & e>ly    
spr+1 & m[ or pl[ "u ! clov] 9 "t1 =    
break+ up ! l&  = ano!r crop ( corn4    
,?is has be5 ! /&>d me?od ( gr[+  ?is   
clov]1 & x is /ill ! lead+ practice 9 _m
 ( ! old]  sections4 ,corn 9 ! summ] )  
crimson clov] 9 ! w9t] is a *eap  &     
conv5i5t me?od ( gr[+ a ca% crop & a    
re/orative crop !  same ye>1 & !        
reputation ( crimson clov] z a crop     
increas] is  l>gely bas$ on ?is simple  
rotation4 ,in/ances are by no means r>e 
:]e ! yield ( corn has be5 gradually    
increas$ f #aj bu%els p]  acre to z high
 z #gj bu%els by ?is means4    ,!       
difficulty ) ?is me?od is ! possibility 
( ! /& ( "y  clov] fail+ ?r\gh dr\ght4  
,! gr[+ corn makes a heavy dem& on  !   

soil moi/ure1 & if !re is n en\gh       
moi/ure = bo? clov] &  corn ! latt] gets
 ! l>g] %>e & ! t5d] clov] plants are   
likely to succumb4 ,because ( ! risk    
involv$1 f>m]s 9 ! upl&  sections are   
seek+ o!r & m reliable me?ods ( se$+1 & 
!  s[+ ( crimson clov] 9 corn is        
gradually decreas+4    ,:]e ! dang] f   
fall dr\ght is n s]i\s1 crimson clov]   
may be  s[n 9 corn at ! "t ( ! la/      
cultivation or :5 ! corn leaves  h j    
begun to )]4 ,s\? ( c5tral ,virg9ia !re 
is likely to be  mu* hot wea!r aft] !   
corn is laid by1 9 :i* case x is be/ to 
delay ! se$+ ( ! clov] until aft] ! fir/
 ra94 ,! appe>ance  ( a field ( crimson 
clov] se$$ 9 corn ! previ\s summ] is %[n
  9 figure #c4    ,s\? ( s\!rn ,virg9ia 
crimson clov] c be se$$ 9 cotton1       
provid$ ! field is free f crab-grass &  
o!r we$s & ! soil is  n too dry4 ,9 !   
extreme nor? ( ! cotton belt ! se$ may  
be s[n  at ! la/ work+ ( ! cotton2 f>!r 
s\? ?is occurs too e>ly &  x is necess>y
 to wait = a ra91 :i* (t5 comes at ab\t 

! "t (  ! fir/ pick+4    ,illu/ration3  
,fig4 #c4--;,crimson clov] 9 an old     
cornfield4 ,! clov]  0 se$$ 9 ! corn at 
! la/ cultivation4 ,a fodd] /ack is to  
be  obs]v$ 9 ! middle =egr\nd4 ,!       
corn/alks h be5 remov$ to  avoid        
difficulty 9 m[+ ! clov]4    ,crimson   
clov] may be se$$ 9 practically any ( ! 
cultivat$ truck  crops :i* receive _!   
la/ cultivation f #h to #ab weeks be=e  
! fir/ fro/4 ,x is n practicable to se$ 
! clov] 9 late  potatoes1 sweet         
potatoes1 or o!r root crops1 z ! digg+ 9
 ! fall  practically de/roys ! clov]4   
,ord9>ily1 crimson clov] does n succe$  
:5 s[n 9 c[peas1 sorghum1  or           
wat]melons1 ow+ to ! heavy %ade ca/ by  
^! crops4 ,x c1  h[ev]1 be se$$ 9       
tobacco1 tomatoes1 cultivat$ soy beans1 
&  cantal\pes4      ,,se$+ ,,aft] ,,an  
,,e>ly-,,matur+ ,,crop4    ,se$+ crimson
 clov] 9 an int]till$ crop is successful
 mo/ly on  s&y soils1 :i* c easily be   
prep>$ = se$+ ev5 9 mid-summ]4  ,on clay
 soils & 9 we$y fields ?is me?od ( se$+ 

is likely to be  unsatisfactory4 ,su*   
soils are usually h>d & dry 9 ,augu/ & c
 )  difficulty be br\ght into condition 
= a se$ b$1 ) ! result t  a l>ge        
p]c5tage ( su* se$+s fail4 ,a bett] plan
 on clay soils1 &  on s&y soils 9 _m    
cases1 is to se$ ! crimson clov] on     
specially  prep>$ gr\nd f :i* all o!r   
crops h be5 remov$4 ,su* gr\nd  c be    
made z f9e & firm z desir$4 ,fur!rmore1 
! clov] aft]  plant+ does n h to compete
 ) ano!r crop = ! soil moi/ure4  ,?is   
me?od is some:at m tr\blesome ?an plant+
 9 int]till$  crops1 b ! great] c]ta9ty 
( gett+ a /& m ?an (fsets !  great] co/4
 ,plant+ crimson clov] on specially     
prep>$ gr\nd has  ext5d$ ! culture ( !  
plant to regions :]e x 0 n hi!rto  gr[n 
& is increas+ ! reliability ( ! crop 9  
sections :]e x  has be5 long e/abli%$4  
,9 ! ord9>y rotation1 crimson clov]     
foll[s a crop ( small gra94  ,h[ev]1 x  
may foll[ any crop t is remov$ #h to #aj
 weeks be=e  fro/1 or x may be se$$ on  
fall[ gr\nd4 ,gr\nd f :i* e>ly  potatoes

 h be5 remov$ is especially favorable = 
! e/abli%m5t  ( a /& ( ?is clov]4 ,!    
residual effect ( ! f]tiliz]s us$ on    
potatoes is p>tially responsible = ?is1 
:ile ! well-settl$ se$  b$1 :i* requires
 only level+ & h>r[+1 also pres5ts      
favorable  conditions = ! crimson-clov] 
se$l+s4    ,9 _m p>ts ( ! ,s\? crimson  
clov] c be se$$ 9 corn /ubble if  an    
e>ly v>iety ( corn has be5 us$4 ,al?\gh 
!re is "s risk t  ! clov] may n make    
en\gh gr[? be=e w9t] if se$+ is delay$  
until ! corn is h>ve/$1 ! dang] ( los+ !
 /& is n z  great z if ! clov] 7 se$$   
e>li]1 :ile ! corn 0 /&+4    ,crimson   
clov] is sometimes se$$ aft] a grass or 
clov] crop if !  ra9fall 9 ,july is     
suffici5t to cause ! sod to decay4 ,9 ! 
f> ,s\?  x c be plant$ aft] peanuts1    
:ile 9 all sections x c be s[n z  a cat*
 crop on l& :]e cotton or o!r crops h   
di$ e>ly 9 !  season4                   
,,requirem5ts ,,= ,,obta9+ ,a ,,/&4     
,probably ! difficulty mo/ commonly     
exp]i5c$ 9 gr[+ crimson  clov] is       

failure to obta9 a satisfactory /&4     
,sometimes ! se$ does  n g]m9ate well2 m
 commonly good g]m9ation is secur$1 b ! 
se$l+s )] & die be=e !y c become        
e/abli%$4 ,frequ5tly  n m ?an #ej p] c5t
 ( ! plants survive ! fir/ ?ree weeks1  
:ile a complete failure ( ! crop is a   
common risk ev5 9 ! sections  :]e       
crimson clov] is mo/ widely gr[n4    ,! 
mo/ common cause ( failure to obta9 a /&
 is hot1 dry  wea!r aft] plant+4 ,!     
se$l+s ( crimson clov] are t5d]1        
succul5t1 & %all[ root$ & are easily    
kill$ by lack ( moi/ure4  ,un=tunately1 
9 mo/ ( ! crimson-clov] area ! wea!r    
dur+ late  ,augu/ & e>ly ,septemb] is v 
likely to be hot & dr\ghty1 mak+  !     
plant+ ( ! clov] at t "t r haz>d\s4 ,"s 
f>m]s  attempt to avoid ?is difficulty  
by plant+ ei!r 9 e>ly summ] or 9        
,octob]1 aft] ! fall ra9s2 !re is dang]1
 h[ev]1 t ! plants  w make too mu* or   
too little gr[? to survive ! w9t]4 ,9 ! 
long run x is probably bett] to plant at
 ! regul> "t & dep5d  ^u ?or\gh         

prep>ation ( ! se$ b$ to (fset any      
defici5cy 9 !  ra9fall4      ,,soils4   
,crimson clov] c be gr[n successfully on
 almo/ any type ( soil if x  is         
reasonably ri*1 well dra9$1 & suppli$ ) 
organic matt] & !  prop] inoculat+      
bact]ia4 ,probably two-?irds ( !        
crimson-clov]  acreage is f\nd on ! s&y 
soils ( ! ,atlantic ,coa/al ,pla91 b  ! 
crop is n necess>ily re/rict$ to s&y    
soils & is 9 fact  increas+ 9 importance
 on ! r$-clay soils ( ! ,pi$mont region 
&  9 ! lime/one valleys ( ,virg9ia &    
,t5nessee4    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4       
#d4--;a crimson-clov] failure on gr\nd  
too poor 9  humus4    ,crimson clov] has
 be5 an important factor 9 increas+     
yields on soils  t h be5 abus$1 b x is n
 a crop = l& :i* is naturally  v poor4  
,x does n d well on r\gh1 newly cle>$   
areas1 raw  subsoil1 ,h>d1 dry clay1 or 
/]ile s&4 7,fig4 #d47 ,= su* soils soy  
beans1 c[peas1 & velvet beans are bett] 
suit$ & %\ld be us$ =  ! fir/ ?ree or   
f\r ye>s until crimson clov] c be       

successfully  gr[n4 ,crimson clov] c be 
made to gr[ on poor soils1 provid$ !y   
are specially prep>$ by lim+1 manur+1 & 
inoculat+4 ,9 g5]al1  h[ev]1 crimson    
clov] is a crop = ma9ta9+ soils :i* are 
already  fairly productive r ?an "o =   
induc+ productivity 9 soils :]e  x is q 
lack+4 ,if !re is any d\bt :e!r ! soil  
is suitable  = crimson clov]1 a small   
plat %\ld be prep>$ "u field conditions 
& plant$ "o ye> = trial4                
,,prep>ation ,,( ,,! ,,se$ ,,b$4    ,to 
secure a full1 ev5 /& ( crimson clov] ) 
any degree (  regul>ity ! se$ b$ %\ld be
 well & ?or\ghly prep>$4 ,! soil  %\ld  
be firm1 moi/1 well settl$1 & f9e on    
top4 ,only indiff]5t  success c possibly
 be expect$ if ! se$ is scatt]$ on l&   
:i*  is loose1 dry1 & full ( h>d lumps &
 tra%4 ,a loose se$ b$ dries  out       
quickly1 heaves dur+ ! w9t]1 & on "s    
soils bl[s & wa%es  badly4              
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4--;,a corrugat$  
roll] or pulv]iz]1 an excell5t  implem5t
 = prep>+ ! se$ b$ = crimson clov]4     

,on ! o!r h&1 ! se$ b$ %\ld n be too    
h>d1 = al?\gh ?is  clov] (t5 gr[s       
successfully on soil :i* w\ld be too    
solid =  corn1 !re mu/ be at lea/ en\gh 
loose soil on ! surface to cov]  ! se$4 
,?or\gh prep>ation is ! v be/ insurance 
aga9/ failure  ( ! /& ?r\gh dr\ght or   
w9t]kill+1 & ! mo/ successful  gr[]s s[ 
crimson clov] on l& z well prep>$ z t = 
:eat4    ,to secure a f9e1 firm se$ b$  
)\t dry+ out ! surface soil1 !  l& %\ld 
be prep>$ ) z few op]ations z possible4 
,a s+le  work+ :5 ! soil is 9 a moi/1   
crumbly condition is bett] ?an half  a  
doz5 work+s :5 ! soil is too wet or too 
dry4 ,9 v s&y soils1  or soils :i* d n  
=m a cru/1 ! only prep>ation ne$$ is to 
keep  d[n ! we$s4    ,an excell5t tool =
 mak+ ! se$ b$ is ! corrugat$ roll] or  
pulv]iz] 7fig4 #e74 ,?is implem5t is an 
improvem5t ov] ! old pla9  roll] =      
break+ clods & is unexcell$ = keep+ !   
surface soil  moi/4 ,x c be us$ aft]    
pl[+ & aga9 be=e plant+1 & ev5  aft]    
plant+ if ! soil ne$s to be compact$4   

,roll+ ( "s k9d to  firm ! soil is      
especially important on s&y soils1 b x  
is equally  b5eficial on clay soils if  
!y are cloddy4    ,:5 clov] is se$$ 9 an
 int]till$ crop1 su* z corn1 cotton1 or 
tomatoes1 ! cu/om>y cultivation receiv$ 
by ^! crops is ord9>ily  suffici5t      
prep>ation = crimson clov]4 ,9 s&y soil 
! clov] is  (t5 se$$ )\t any imm$iate   
prep>ation1 b a light /irr+ )  a        
h>r[-too!d cultivator is desirable if ! 
gr\nd is h>d4 ,if !  clov] is to be us$ 
= hay or se$1 ! prec$+ crop %\ld be laid
 by  level r ?an 9 ridges4 ,?is w       
facilitate cutt+ ! clov]4    ,:]e       
crimson clov] is se$$ aft] a crop (     
small gra91 ! /ubble  %\ld be pl[$ or   
disk$ z soon z possible aft] ! gra9 is  
cut4  ,/ubble l& dries out quickly1     
p>tly because ! soil is sudd5ly left    
b>e & p>tly because ( ! dra9 on ! soil  
moi/ure by ! crops (  ragwe$ & o!r      
co>se-gr[+ we$s :i* always foll[ a gra9 
crop4  ,unless ! soil is cultivat$ at   
once x becomes v difficult to obta9     

any?+ l an ideal se$ b$ = crimson clov]4
 ,?is difficulty is  usually m pron\nc$ 
aft] oats & b>ley ?an aft] rye & :eat4  
,ord9>ily ! be/ practice is to disk !   
gra9 /ubble )9 a week  aft] h>ve/ & h>r[
 e week1 or at lea/ aft] e ra91 9  ord] 
to settle ! gr\nd1 de/roy ! we$s1 &     
assi/ 9 hold+ !  moi/ure p5d+ ! "t (    
se$+ ! clov]4 ,pl[+ ! /ubble  is m      
exp5sive ?an disk+ & requires t ! gr\nd 
be all[$  to settle = a mon? or six     
weeks 9 ord] to secure a firm se$ b$4   
,pl[+ is an advantage 9 a wet season1   
because pl[$ gr\nd dries  readily2 x is 
a disadvantage 9 a dry season = ! same  
reason4      ,,f]tiliz]s4    ,on        
mod]ately ri* soil ! f]tiliz] appli$ to 
! prec$+ crop is  suffici5t to produce a
 good crop ( crimson clov]4 ,?is is     
especially  true :]e ! clov] foll[s su* 
crops z potatoes or tomatoes1 :i*       
ord9>ily are heavily treat$ ) f]tiliz]s4
 ,x is important to  realize1 h[ev]1 t  
crimson clov] has a v %ort p]iod ( gr[?1
  & t to make a vigor\s gr[? x mu/ h a  

good supply ( plant  food4 ,on s&y soils
 :]e f]tiliz]s h n rec5tly be5 appli$ x 
is (t5 ! practice to apply f #aej to    
#bjj p\nds ( acid phosphate1  ) "s pota%
 f]tiliz] if x c be af=d$4 ,on clay     
soils #bjj or  #cjj p\nds p] acre ( acid
 phosphate ord9>ily are suffici5t4 ,on  
_m  soils a light application ( nitrate 
( soda w assi/ mat]ially 9  giv+ ! "y   
clov] plants a good />t & (t5 w enable  
!m to  )/& ! effects ( a late dr\ght or 
sev]e w9t] :i* o!rwise  might h injur$ !
 /&4 ,if ! se$+ has be5 delay$1 z by    
wait+ = suitable ra9s1 an application ( 
n m ?an #ge p\nds (  nitrate ( soda p]  
acre w /imulate ! "y plants & enable !m 
to make a bett] gr[? be=e w9t]4         
,f]tiliz] is usually appli$ at se$+ "t1 
b a few f>m]s h be5  f\nd :o apply x z a
 top-dress+ v e>ly ! foll[+ summ]1  giv+
 z a reason t !re is !n no loss f w9t]  
lea*+ &  t by ?is me?od ! plants are    
n\ri%$ at ! "t !y are mak+  _! mo/      
vigor\s gr[?4 ,su* top-dress+s (        
f]tiliz] %\ld n  be made :ile ! leaves  

are wet ) ra9 or dew4 ,:]e /able manure 
is  appli$ to crimson clov] v m>k$      
results foll[4 ,x may be spread  j be=e 
se$+ :5 ! clov] is n gr[n 9 an int]till$
 crop1  or x may be appli$ z a          
top-dress+ 9 w9t] or v e>ly spr+4    ,! 
m vigor\s ! gr[? t c be induc$ by !     
application (  suitable f]tiliz]s ! m   
m>k$ w be ! increase 9 ! yield (  !     
succe$+ crops4 ,on soil 9 a l[ /ate (   
productivity ! use (  a reasonable am\nt
 ( f]tiliz] w (t5 enable a successful   
crop (  clov] & succe$+ crops to be     
produc$1 :]e _h n ! f]tiliz]s  be5      
appli$ ! clov] w\ld h fail$4 ,fur!rmore1
 ! foll[+  crop1 p>ticul>ly if x be     
corn1 w\ld also fail to give ! increas$ 
yield :i* foll[s a successful /& (      
crimson clov]4    ,an application (     
b>ny>d manure w be f\nd to be especially
 effective  9 obta9+ a /& ( crimson     
clov] on any ?91 gall$ spots 9 !  field4
 ,! manure %\ld be work$ into ! gr\nd   
be=e se$+1 &1  if possible1 a second    
application z a top-dress+ %\ld be giv5 

a day  or two aft] plant+4 ,! top-dress+
 /imulates ! se$l+s & if  /rawy helps to
 protect !m f ! ,augu/ sun4      ,,lime4
    ,crimson clov] is n z dep5d5t on    
lime z r$ clov] & alfalfa1  be+ m l     
alsike clov] 9 ?is respect4 ,x does n   
?rive on soils  :i* are v s\r1 b on     
well-dra9$ soils 9 a productive         
condition  crimson clov] frequ5tly makes
 a vigor\s gr[?1 ev5 ?\gh ! soil  may %[
 a high lime requirem5t4 ,! /&s are     
usually m uni=mly  good ov] ! lim$ p>ts 
( su* fields ?an on ! unlim$ p>ts1      
al?\gh x is sometimes que/ionable :e!r !
 b5efit d]iv$ f  lim+ is pr(itable4     
,lim+ is m (t5 desirable on clay soils  
?an  on s&y soils1 & usually gives bett]
 results :5 us$ 9 conjunction  )        
f]tiliz]s ?an :5 us$ alone4 ,on light   
s&y soils defici5t  9 humus burnt lime  
may be actually injuri\s4 ,9 consid]+ ! 
advisability ( apply+ lime "o mu/ n lose
 sight ( ! ne$ ( lime  on ! "p ( su* o!r
 crops z corn1 cantal\pes1 or pea*es1   
:i*  are ei!r gr[n ) or foll[ ! clov]4  

,inasmu* z ! effect (  lim+ v>ies       
greatly 9 diff]5t localities1 x is      
sugge/$ t small  plats be treat$        
exp]im5tally at diff]5t rates be=e any  
consid]able  areas are lim$4            
,,inoculation4    ,a l>ge "p ( ! value (
 all clov]s lies 9 _! ability to utilize
  ! nitrog5 ( ! air & add x to ! soil4  
,:5 gr[n on ri* l&1  ! clov]s1 l _m o!r 
plants1 use ! nitrog5 already pres5t 9  
! soil & are n /imulat$ to contribute   
any to _! own support or  to ! support (
 o!r crops4 ,to enable ! clov] to use ! 
nitrog5 9  ! air ! pres5ce ( ! prop]    
nodule-=m+ bact]ia 9 ! soil is          
necess>y4    ,=tunately1 mo/ ( ! soils 9
 ! crimson-clov] sections appe> to  be  
already inoculat$1 & artificial         
inoculation is n (t5 necess>y1  except  
on soils new to ! crop4 ,crimson clov]  
is inoculat$ by ! same  /ra9 ( bact]ia  
:i* occurs on ! roots ( ! o!r true      
clov]s2  consequ5tly1 a field :i* has   
produc$ a good /& ( r$1 mammo?1  alsike1
 :ite1 hop1 ,c>ol9a1 rabbit's-foot1 or  

buffalo clov] is usually  inoculat$     
suffici5tly = crimson clov]4 ,sweet     
clov]1 ,japan clov]1  & bur clov] are n 
true clov]s & are inoculat$ by a diff]5t
  /ra9 ( bact]ia4    ,! importance (    
inoculation is well %[n by an exp]im5t  
conduct$ by  ! ,alabama ,agricultural   
,exp]im5t ,/ation4 ,9 ?is exp]im5t      
yields (  #d1jeg & #f1ajj p\nds (       
crimson-clov] hay 7 secur$ on inoculat$ 
soils1 :ile on correspond+ areas :i* 7 n
 inoculat$ ! yields  7 #gfa p\nds on "o 
area & no?+ on ! o!r4    ,! soil c be   
inoculat$ artificially by means ( pure  
cultures ( !  bact]ia or by ! transf] ( 
a small quantity ( soil f ano!r  clov]  
field4#b ,! latt] me?od is ! m c]ta91 b 
is op5 to  ! dang] ( introduc+ noxi\s   
we$s1 insects1 & plant diseases1        
especially if ! soil is br\ght f a      
di/ance4 ,! pres5ce (  /em-rot 9 _m     
sections makes ! use ( soil especially  
dang]\s4 ,?is  disease c1 be c>ri$ ) !  
soil f field to field4    #b ,suffici5t 
pure culture = inoculat+ se$ = #a acre c

 be secur$  free f ! ,unit$ ,/ates      
,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,full         
directions =  us+ ! culture accompany   
ea* bottle4 ,directions = inoculat+ by !
  soil-transf] me?od c also be obta9$ f 
?is ,dep>tm5t4          ,,se$+4         
,,"t ,,( ,,se$+4    ,crimson clov] is   
usually s[n betwe5 ,augu/ #ae & ,octob] 
#a1 !  g5]al rule be+ to plant ab\t #fj 
days be=e ! fir/ kill+ fro/  is expect$4
 ,s\? ( ,virg9ia crimson clov] c be se$$
 z late z  ,novemb] #a1 al?\gh if plant$
 late m se$ %\ld be us$ & a light       
dress+ ( nitrate ( soda appli$1 9 ord]  
to /imulate ! "y  plants4 ,se$+ e>li]   
?an ,augu/ #a is seldom advisable unless
 ! crop  is s[n ) "s o!r crop ! %ade (  
:i* w hold x back4    ,! exact date (   
plant+ dep5ds almo/ entirely ^u !       
moi/ure  cont5t ( ! soil4 ,! pr9cipal   
condition to avoid is plant+ :5 !  soil 
conta9s j en\gh moi/ure to g]m9ate !    
se$s1 b n en\gh  to keep ! plants gr[+4 
,usually x is bett] to plant :5 ! soil  
is  q dry ?an :5 x is slightly moi/1 = 9

 dry soil ! se$s1 if  prop]ly buri$1 lie
 )\t g]m9at+ & are ready to gr[         
vigor\sly  at ! fir/ ra9fall4 ,! mo/    
favorable "t = se$+ is j be=e  or j aft]
 a good ra91 :5 ! soil is moi/ en\gh to 
=m a ball 9  ! h&4      ,,rate ,,(      
,,se$+4    ,! ord9>y rate ( se$+ crimson
 clov] is #ae p\nds p] acre1  al?\gh !  
rate v>ies accord+ to conditions4 ,f #ab
 to #ae p\nds p]  acre are usually      
suffici5t :5 gr[+ ! crop = se$ or :5 !  
soil is unusually ri*4 ,on poor soil1   
dry soil1 or on soil :i* has n          
previ\sly produc$ crimson clov] #ah to  
#bb p\nds ( se$ give bett]  assurance ( 
a /&4 ,heavy se$+ is also desirable :5  
plant+ late  9 ! season or :5 a heavy   
crop is want$ = gre5 manure e>ly 9 !    
spr+4    ,!oretically1 #b p\nds ( se$ p]
 acre w\ld provide six plants  = e squ>e
 foot1 :i* is a satisfactory /&4 ,"u    
ord9>y  circum/ances1 h[ev]1 x is       
necess>y to all[ = "s ( ! se$  be+ too  
deep1 or too %all[1 or fail+ to g]m9ate1
 & = a c]ta9  p]c5tage ( w9t]kill+4 ,x  

is also well to h a fairly ?ick /&  ( ! 
"y plants1 s t ! gr\nd may be well cov]$
 dur+ !  e>ly fall & ?us prev5t soil    
wa%+ & ! gr[? ( w9t] we$s4      ,,me?ods
 ,,( ,,se$+4    ,! mo/ common me?od (   
se$+ crimson clov] 9 int]till$ crops  is
 to scatt] ! se$ broadca/ ) a rot>y se$]
 or by h&4 7,fig4  #f47 ,9 ord] to place
 ! se$ on a fre%1 moi/ se$ b$ x is      
commonly  broadca/$ imm$iately beh9d !  
cultivator at ! la/ cultivation &  is   
cov]$ 'at once by a second cultivator4  
,9 tall corn ! se$ may be  s[n f        
horseback1 ! e>s ( ! horse be+ cov]$ )  
small bags  to prev5t ! entrance ( !    
fly+ se$4 ,slightly m se$ is requir$  :5
 se$+ 9 tall corn1 z "s se$ cat*es 9 !  
corn plants4 ,:5  se$+ 9 cotton c>e mu/ 
be tak5 to avoid injury to ! op5+ bolls1
  :i* are easily knock$ (f or torn4 ,?is
 is be/ done by se$+ by  h&1 cov]+ ! se$
 ) a piece ( bru% dragg$ d[n ! r[s4     
,9 l[-gr[+ truck crops & on fall[ gr\nd 
crimson clov] c be  se$$ ) a :eelb>r[   
se$]4 ,?is implem5t di/ributes ! se$ m  

ev5ly ?an c be done by h& or ) ! rot>y  
se$]1 especially  :5 plant+ a mixture ( 
crops4 ,! :eelb>r[ se$] be+ some:at     
awkw>d to h&le is bett] adapt$ to smoo?1
 level fields ?an to  hillsides4        
,probably ! v be/ me?od ( se$+ crimson  
clov] is ) !  special clov] or alfalfa  
drill4 ,:]e en\gh clov] is gr[n to      
w>rant  its use ?is implem5t is to be   
highly recomm5d$4 ,! se$ is s[n 9       
#d-;in* r[s at j ! prop] dep? & ) ! "r  
pressure1 & !  f]tiliz] is plac$ exactly
 "u ea* r[1 :]e x w be imm$iately       
available to ! se$l+s4 ,drill$ clov]    
requires less se$ ?an  broadca/$ clov] &
 produces a m ev5 & c]ta9 /&4    ,9     
place ( ! special clov] drill an ord9>y 
gra9 drill equipp$ )  a clov]-se$       
atta*m5t c be us$ ) good results4       
,special sp\ts  %\ld be arrang$ to lead 
f ! clov]-se$ box back ( ! %oes or      
disks1 9 ord] to deposit ! se$ directly 
9 ! furr[4 ,*a9 furr[  clos]s are be/ = 
cov]+ ! se$1 z !y leave ! furr[s broad  
& flat in/ead ( ,v %ap$ & less5 ! dang] 

( ! se$l+s  be+ cov]$ ) soil dur+ a h>d 
ra94    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4--,se$+  
crimson clov] 9 corn at ! la/           
cultivation4    ,= use 9 int]till$ crops
 !re are sev]al types ( #a-r[ drills1 ! 
be/ = ?is purpose be+ ! #e-;hoe drill   
equipp$ ) press :eels4    ,crimson-clov]
 se$ mu/ be cov]$1 b n too deeply4 ,9   
mo/ soils x  is n en\gh to dep5d on ra9 
to effect a cov]+4 ,an in* 9 s&y  soils 
& half an in* 9 clay soils appe> to be  
ab\t ! "r dep?4  ,%all[ plant+ gives !  
be/ results 9 wet seasons & deep plant+ 
9 "t ( dr\ght4 ,broadca/$ se$ %\ld be   
cov]$ ) a spike-too?  h>r[ or a we$] r  
?an a heavy h>r[ or a %ovel cultivator4 
,a  h>r[ made ( fairly /iff bru% is (t5 
useful 9 loose soil4      ,,*oice ,,(   
,,se$4    ,z a rule1 fre% crimson-clov] 
se$ is ( good viability1 & failure  to  
secure a /& is n (t5 caus$ by failure ( 
! se$ to gr[4  ,unlike mo/ clov]s1      
crimson-clov] se$ absorbs wat] readily &
 spr\ts  quickly4 ,!re are practically  
none ( ! h>d se$s :i* are s  frequ5t 9  

r$ clov] & sweet clov]1 & a g]m9ation ( 
#ij p] c5t  9 #dh h\r's is n uncommon4  
,! se$ det]iorates rapidly1 h[ev]1 &  :5
 m ?an #b ye>s old r>ely %[s a g]m9ation
 9 excess ( #ej p]  c5t4 ,sometimes1 :5 
/ocks ( comm]cial se$ are l[1 old se$   
f9ds  its way to ! m>ket1 & ?is1 :5     
plant$1 gives poor results4 ,old  se$ c 
usually be detect$ by ! dull-br[n       
appe>ance ( ! se$ coat  z contra/$ ) !  
bright1 %9y1 p9ki% or gre5i% yell[ color
 (  fre% se$4 ,br[n se$1 h[ev]1 is      
sometimes caus$ by wea!r+ dur+  h>ve/1 &
 su* se$ is n objectionable unless !    
wea!r+ has be5  excessive4    ,a common 
impurity 9 crimson-clov] se$ is gre51   
%runk51 & immature  se$1 caus$ by h>ve/+
 ! crop be=e x is ripe4 ,crimson-clov]  
se$  does n g]m9ate readily until x     
takes on a yell[i% t+e2 !re=e1  gre5 se$
 %\ld be reject$4    ,crimson-clov] se$ 
is l>g] & plump] ?an r$-clov] se$ & if  
prop]ly clean$ %\ld n conta9 se$s (     
dodd] or ! small]  se$$ we$s4           
,frequ5tly1 h[ev]1 x does conta9 ! se$s 

( field  pepp]grass1 yell[ trefoil1 ev5+
 primrose1 %eep sorrel1 wild  g]anium1  
butt]cups1 mu/>ds1 & o!r we$s :i*       
blossom 9 e>ly  summ]4      ,,unhull$   
,,se$4    ,!re is a gr[+ belief among   
f>m]s t !y are less likely to lose  a /&
 ( crimson clov] ?r\gh dr\ght if !y s[ !
 se$ 9 ! hull  r ?an use ! hull$ se$ z x
 ord9>ily appe>s on ! m>ket4  ,x is     
claim$ t ! hulls hold ! moi/ure to "s   
ext5t & c>ry  ! se$l+s ov] ! critical   
day or two foll[+ g]m9ation1 :ile  "s   
f>m]s ass]t t ! unhull$ se$s require m  
moi/ure =  g]m9ation1 & ! se$s !re=e d n
 spr\t until !re is en\gh  moi/ure 9 !  
soil to keep ! plants gr[+4 ,unhull$ se$
 is bulky  & is n (t5 h&l$ by comm]cial 
se$sm51 al?\gh "o l>ge gr[]  sells !    
unhull$ se$ 9 compress$1 bales simil> to
 small cotton  bales4 ,x usually c be   
secur$ f neighbor+ f>m]s1 h[ev]1 or is  
easily sav$ at home4 ,! se$ c be h>ve/$ 
) a /ripp] f !  /&+ crop 9 ! field or ! 
mature crop c be cut & ?ra%$ l  an      
ord9>y gra9 crop4 ,= local plant+ on a  

small scale unhull$ se$  is ! *eape/ &  
mo/ accessible =m ( crimson-clov] se$4  
,unhull$ se$ is some:at difficult to s[1
 because ! hairy hulls /ick  toge!r 9   
masses & c n be scatt]$ uni=mly4 ,to    
avoid ?is  tr\ble ! se$ may be mix$ )   
moi/5$ e>? or ) lime1 or may be  s[n ) a
 bl[] simil> to ^? us$ on small =ges4 ,a
 bett] plan  is to s[ on a w9dy day1    
?r[+ ! se$ v]tically into ! air &  all[+
 ! w9d to scatt] x4    ,( unhull$ se$ ( 
! be/ quality1 #ajj p\nds conta9s ab\t  
#a bu%el  7#fj p\nds7 ( clean se$4 ,!   
common grades1 h[ev]1 are usually m     
*affy & require #abj to #ahj p\nds to   
make a bu%el4 ,f #b to #c p\nds  (      
unhull$ se$ are !re=e reg>d$ z equival5t
 to #a p\nd ( hull$  se$4 ,a bu%el (    
unhull$ se$1 ev5 :5 well pack$ d[n1     
weighs only #f  to #aj p\nds & conta9s  
ab\t #d p\nds ( se$4 ,! appe>ance ( bo? 
hull$ & unhull$ crimson-clov] se$ is %[n
 9 figure #g4    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4    
#g4--;,hull$ se$ ( crimson clov] ( a    
common  comm]cial grade & unhull$ se$   

ga!r$ ) a homemade /ripp]4  7,natural   
size47      ,,use ,,( ,a ,,nurse ,,crop4
    ,9 ord] to protect ! crimson-clov]  
se$l+s f ! hot sun ( late  ,augu/ x is a
 common practice 9 "s sections to plant 
) ! clov] a  small quantity ( "s        
quick-gr[+ crop l buck:eat1 c[peas1     
rape1  or turnips4 ,a ?9 /& ( ^! heavi] 
leav$ plants furni%es an ideal  %ade = !
 "y clov]1 & on soils :i* are incl9$ to 
bake x  prev5ts ! =mation ( a cru/4 ,!  
nurse crop mu/ be se$$ lightly1  usually
 n m ?an half ! regul> rate1 z ! ord9>y 
/& %ades  ! gr\nd s completely z to     
de/roy ! crimson clov]4 ,on hot clay    
soil 9 ! ,pi$mont region ! *ances (     
obta9+ a /& ( clov] are  ab\t twice z   
good ) a nurse crop z )\t "o4           
,buck:eat is ! pr9cipal nurse crop      
nor?w>d f ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4  ,a common  
rate ( se$+ is #b to #c pecks ( buck:eat
 9 #ae p\nds (  crimson clov]4 ,if !    
plant+ c be made 9 ,july ! buck:eat     
usually  has "t to rip5 be=e fro/ & ?us 
pay ! co/ ( />t+ bo?  /&s4    ,9 !      

cotton belt c[peas h be5 us$            
successfully1 especially  :5 se$+ on    
fall[ gr\nd4 ,!y are se$$ broadca/ at ! 
rate  ( "o-half bu%el p] acre4 ,!re is  
ord9>ily n en\gh "t =  ! c[peas to      
mature1 b !y add to ! value ( ! /& =    
fall  pa/urage & protect ! clov] f sev]e
 wea!r 9 ! w9t]4 ,bo?  c[peas & buck:eat
 h ! m]it ( be+ able to gr[ on poor     
soil4    ,dw>f ,essex rape has be5 us$ z
 a nurse crop 9 a few cases :]e !  clov]
 0 to be pa/ur$ by hogs or %eep 9 !     
fall4 ,f #b to #c p\nds  ( rape1 s[n 9  
,augu/1 furni%es suffici5t cov] = a     
nurse crop4  ,c[horn turnips1 w9t] kale1
 & mu/>d are also satisfactory nurse    
crops if plant$ at a rate n exce$+ #a   
p\nd ( se$ p] acre4 ,if !  clov] is to  
be sav$ = se$ ^! latt] crops are        
objectionable1 z a  few plants w live   
ov] w9t] & rip5 at ! same "t z ! clov]4 
,:]e a nurse crop c n be gr[n           
conv5i5tly1 ! crimson-clov]  se$l+s c be
 protect$ f ! sun by a light top-dress+ 
( /raw1  spread j aft] ! se$ is s[n4    

,,se$ ,,mixtures4    ,crimson clov] is  
frequ5tly gr[n 9 comb9ation ) w9t] gra91
 hairy  vet*1 or o!r =age crops hav+ a  
simil> p]iod ( gr[?4 ,! mix$  crop is   
less liable to lodge ?an ! s+le crop1   
cures m readily 9  damp wea!r1 & usually
 furni%es a heavi] yield4 ,ano!r        
advantage (  ! mix$ crop is t if ei!r   
%\ld fail ! o!r w s]ve z a  cov] crop   
dur+ ! w9t] & br+ "s return ! foll[+    
spr+4  ,mix$ crops are n desirable if ! 
clov] is to be sav$ = se$4    ,s\? (    
c5tral ,virg9ia crimson clov] is usually
 gr[n 9 comb9ation  ) w9t] oats4 ,an    
e>ly v>iety ( oats1 su* z ! ,fulghum1 or
 a late  v>iety ( clov]1 su* z ! :ite   
bloom+1 is usually ! be/1 z  ! oat crop 
matures some:at lat] ?an ! ord9>y       
crimson clov]4 ,!  cu/om>y rate ( se$+  
is #ae p\nds ( ! clov] & #b bu%els (    
oats p] acre4 ,9 ,delaw>e & ea/]n ,m>yl&
 ! mo/ popul> companion  crop = crimson 
clov] is w9t] :eat1 al?\gh b>ley makes a
 desirable  hay crop & is sometimes us$4
 ,eye is n desirable = hay1 b x  is     

probably ! be/ ( ! gra9s = gre5 manure1 
z x is h>dy1  vigor\s1 & />ts gr[? e>ly 
9 ! spr+4 ,rye & :eat are se$$  at !    
rate ( #a bu%el p] acre ) ! cu/om>y     
quantity ( crimson  clov]4 ,! accompany+
 illu/ration 7fig4 #h7 %[s a field se$$ 
to a  mixture ( crimson clov] & :eat4   
,usually ! gra9 is well head$1  b 9 !   
milk or s(t-d\gh /age1 :5 ! clov] is    
ready to cut1 !  yield ( ! mix$ crimson 
clov] & gra9 is (t5 #be to #ej p] c5t   
great] ?an t ( ! clov] alone4           
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4--;,crimson clov]
 & :eat 9 mixture4 ,9 !  =egr\nd ! crop 
has be5 cut & f$ gre5 to /ock4 ,!       
rema9d]  0 cut ! next day = hay4 ,! gra9
 prev5ts ! crimson clov] f  lodg+4      
,hairy vet* & crimson clov] are         
sometimes gr[n toge!r1 se$+ at  ! rate (
 #bj p\nds & #aj p\nds p] acre1         
respectively4 ,z bo? ^!  plants are     
likely to lodge 9 good soil1 h[ev]1 "o (
 ! gra9s is  usually includ$1 a common  
se$+ mixture be+ oats #b bu%els1 hairy  
vet* #ab to #ae p\nds1 & crimson clov]  

#e p\nds4 ,bur clov]1 black  m$ic1 & o!r
 w9t]-gr[+ legumes are sometimes f\nd 9 
mixtures  ) crimson clov]1 al?\gh su*   
mixtures g5]ally occur by accid5t  r ?an
 int5t4 ,black m$ic & crimson clov]     
make' a p>ticul>ly  good comb9ation on  
ri* soil4    ,9 mo/ ( ! crimson-clov]   
area ! cultivat$ grasses1 su* z  timo?y1
 r$top1 & or*>d grass1 are n commonly   
gr[n4 ,h[ev]1  :]e ^! grasses fl\ri% !y 
may well be se$$ at ! same "t  z !      
crimson clov]1 provid$ ! latt] is plant$
 n e>li] ?an  ,septemb] #ae4 ,9 "s      
sections ,johnson grass & ,b]muda grass 
make useful  comb9ations ) crimson      
clov]1 ! grasses mak+ mo/ ( _! gr[?  9 !
 summ] & ! clov] 9 ! fall & spr+4       
,,treatm5t ,,( ,,! ,,/&4      ,ord9>ily 
no special treatm5t is requir$ aft] se$+
 & ! clov]  goes into ! w9t] )\t any    
fur!r h&l+4 ,if ! gr[? is s  rank t !re 
is dang] ( ! plants be+ too succul5t to 
survive !  w9t]1 ! tops c be r$uc$ by   
light graz+ ) small animals1 su*  z     
calves1 %eep1 or *ick5s1 or by m[+ ) !  

cutt] b> ( !  m[+ ma*9e set high4 ,if ! 
/& is backw>d1 x may be /imulat$  by a  
light application ( nitrate ( soda4 ,x  
is said t a ?9 /&  c be ?ick5$ by graz+ 
lightly ) %eep1 z ! graz+ induces       
heavi] /ool+4 ,! aim %\ld be to c>ry !  
clov] into ! w9t]  ) well-h>d5$ leafy   
/ems & ) a well-e/abli%$ root sy/em to  
)/& heav+ out 9 ! spr+4    ,9 fields :i*
 are to be sav$ = se$ a wise precaution 
is to g ov]  !m e>ly 9 ! spr+ & *op out 
! we$s4 ,if wild onion & o!r  we$s are  
*opp$ (f 9 ,april1 !y d n make en\gh    
gr[? by ,may to  contam9ate ! se$ crop4 
,,maladies4      ,! only disease s]i\sly
 affect+ crimson clov] is ! clov]       
/em-rot1 root-rot1 or wilt1 a disease   
resembl+ ! /em-rot1 or wilt1  ( lettuce 
& o!r plants4 ,?is disease is preval5t 9
 ne>ly all  ! crimson-clov] ,/ates &    
sometimes does consid]able damage4 ,!   
/em-rot affects ! clov] at all seasons1 
b is m noticeable 9 !  spr+1 :5 x       
sometimes causes l>ge spots ( clov]     
sudd5ly to wilt  & fall4 ,occasionally  

an entire field is affect$1 b ! disease 
is  mo/ preval5t 9 l[1 ri* spots4       
,exam9ation ( ! plants discloses  a     
rott+ (f or decay ( ! /ems close to !   
gr\nd1 foll[$  imm$iately by ! appe>ance
 on ! /ems ( small black lumps1 or      
scl]otia1 ab\t ! size ( clov] se$4 ,^!  
scl]otia are a means (  spread+ !       
disease & are (t5 h>ve/$ 9 ! hay or 9 ! 
se$  crop4 ,! only kn[n rem$y = !       
/em-rot is to cease gr[+ clov] or       
alfalfa on an infe/$ field = ?ree or f\r
 ye>s1 sub/itut+ c[peas  or soy beans4  
,se$ f fields kn[n to be infe/$ %\ld1 ( 
c\rse1 be  avoid$4    ,no insects are   
kn[n to affect crimson clov] s]i\sly1   
nor are we$s  ( great importance 9 clov]
 plant$ on clean fields4 ,:5 plant$ 9   
cultivat$ crops or 9 poorly prep>$ gr\nd
 crimson clov] is (t5  s]i\sly damag$ by
 a rank gr[? ( *ickwe$1 knawel 7moss    
we$71  w9t] cress1 & o!r w9t]-gr[+      
annuals4      ,,wa%+ton 3 ,,gov]nm5t    
,,pr9t+ ,,(fice 3 #aibj             99  
99       99       99       99           

,transcrib] ,note    ,m9or typos h be5  
correct$4 ,illu/rations 7 mov$ to prev5t
  splitt+ p>agraphs4 ,produc$ f files   
g5]\sly made available by  ,,usda ?r\gh 
,! ,int]net ,ar*ive4 ,all resultant     
mat]ials are plac$ 9  ! ,public ,doma94