,transcrib] ,note    ,text emphasis     
d5ot$ by ,italics & ,bold4              
,issu$ ,july #i1 #aiac4                 
,u4 ,s4 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,agriculture4   
,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #eej                   
,,crimson ,,clov]3                      
,,gr[+ ,,! ,,crop4                      
,,by                                    
,j4 ,m4 ,,we/gate    ,agronomi/ 9 ,*>ge 
( ,clov] ,inve/igations4 ,(fice (       
,=age-,crop  ,inve/igations1 ,bureau (  
,plant ,indu/ry4          ,,wa%+ton3    
,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice1 #aiac4      
,,lett] ,,( ,,transmittal4              
,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1       
,bureau or ,plant ,indu/ry1             
,(fice or ! ,*ief1                      
,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ,june #ab1 #aiae4    
,sir3 ,i h ! honor to transmit h]e) & to
 recomm5d =  publication z a ,f>m]s'    
,bullet9 ! accompany+ manuscript entitl$
  ,crimson ,clov]3 ,gr[+ ! ,crop4 ,?is  
has be5 prep>$ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,m4          
,we/gate1 ,agronomi/ 9 ,*>ge ( ,clov]   
,inve/igations1 & has be5  submitt$ by  

,pr(4 ,c4 ,v4 ,pip]1 ,agro/ologi/ 9     
,*>ge ( ,=age-,crop  ,inve/igations1 ) a
 view to publication4 ,x is expect$ t   
?is  bullet9 w be foll[$ soon by o!r    
bullet9s1 ea* treat+ ( "s  p>ticul>     
phase ( ?is important crop4             
,respectfully1                          
,wm4 ,a4 ,taylor1                       
,*ief ( ,bureau4      ,hon4 ,d4 ,f4     
,h\/on1        ,secret>y ( ,agriculture4
          ,,cont5ts4                    
,page4    ,introduction                 
#c    ,hi/ory & pres5t di/ribution (    
crimson clov]                #c         
,requirem5ts = obta9+ & ma9ta9+ a /& (  
crimson clov]                           
#e      ,prep>ation ( ! ,se$ b$         
#f      ,f]tiliz]s = crimson clov]      
#f      ,lim+ soils = crimson clov]     
#g      ,inoculation = crimson clov]    
#h      ,se$+ crimson clov]             
#h    ,v>i\s me?ods ( se$+ crimson clov]
                         #i      ,se$+  
crimson clov] 9 int]till$ crops         
#aj      ,se$+ crimson clov] aft]       

e>ly-matur+ crops              #ab      
,se$+ crimson clov] ) late summ]-se$$   
annual crops    #ac      ,crimson clov] 
9 mixtures ) o!r legumes & gra9         
#ac      ,se$+ crimson clov] alone      
#ae    ,treatm5t ( crimson clov] /&s    
aft] se$+                 #ae           
,,illu/rations4                         
,page4    ,fig4 #a4 ,a s+le plant (     
crimson clov]4                          
#d         #b4 ,a crimson-clov] failure 
on gr\nd too poor 9 humus      #e       
#c4 ,se$+ crimson clov] 9 corn at ! la/ 
cultivation   #aj         #d4 ,crimson  
clov] 9 an old cornfield                
#aa         #e4 ,crimson clov] & :eat 9 
mixture                      #ad        
,,crimson ,,clov]3 ,,gr[+ ,,! ,,crop4   
,,introduction4      ,probably ! mo/    
important *>act]i/ic ( crimson clov] is 
its  ability to gr[ & make its crop dur+
 ! season :5 ! l& is  n occupi$ by !    
ord9>y summ]-gr[? crops4 ,9 sections :]e
 x  succe$s1 crimson clov] c be s[n     
foll[+ a gra9 crop or 9 an  int]till$   

crop 9 late summ] & w mature a hay crop 
! foll[+  spr+ 9 "t to pl[ ! l& =       
spr+-se$$ crops1 su* z corn or  cotton4 
,x may ev5 be held = se$ z f> nor? z    
c5tral ,delaw>e  & ! /ubble be pl[$ "u 9
 "t = se$+ ! quick-matur+  /ra9s ( corn4
 ,x may be turn$ "u = soil improvem5t :5
 only #f  in*es high if x ,is desir$ to 
fit ! l& = e>ly spr+-se$$ crops  ,ev5 if
 only ! /ubble be turn$ "u1 ! effect ^u 
! succe$+  crop w be m>k$1 especially if
 ! soil be defici5t 9 nitrog5\s         
f]tiliz]s4 ,! pl[+ "u ( ! entire plant1 
h[ev]1 w m  rapidly correct any         
defici5cy ( nitrates or humus 9 ! soil4 
,x is  "o ( ! be/ cov] crops = use 9    
or*>ds &1 9 fact1 "u any  conditions :]e
 ! soil is likely to wa% dur+ ! w9t]    
mon?s4 ,!  _m uses to :i* ?is crop may  
be put m]it a c>eful /udy ( ! be/       
me?ods ( e/abli%+ ii /& ( crimson clov] 
^u a f>m4          ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,pres5t
 ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,crimson ,,clov]4   
,crimson clov] 7fig4 #a7 is frequ5tly   
call$ ,sc>let clov] &1  some:at loss    

commonly1 ,g]man clov]1 ,italian clov]1 
,fr5*  clov]1 ,inc>nate clov]1 ,annual  
clov]1 etc4 ,x occurs wild 9  ,engl& & 9
 ea/]n & s\!rn ,europe & is gr[n z a    
=age &  soil-improv+ crop 9 ,italy1     
,france1 ,g]many1 ,au/ria1 & ,great     
,brita94  ,x 0 introduc$ into ?is c\ntry
 z e>ly z #ahbb1 b 0 gr[n only  to a v  
limit$ ext5t until ab\t #ahhj4 ,x has   
prov$ especially  adapt$ to ! light]1   
s&y soils ( ! ea/]n "p ( ! ,unit$       
,/ates :]e ! w9t]s are n too sev]e4     
,9 ! ,middle ,atlantic ,/ates x is also 
gr[n to a consid]able ext5t on  ! clay  
soils ( ! ,pi$mont section4    ,9       
,mi*igan x is sometimes us$ on ! s&y    
soils z a cov] crop 9  pea* or*>ds1     
al?\gh x frequ5tly w9t]kills4 ,x c n    
ord9>ily  survive ! sev]e w9t]s ( !     
,nor!rn ,/ates4#a    #a ,9 su* nor!rn   
sections :]e a fall-se$$ legume is      
desir$ x is  sugge/$ t hairy vet* se$$ )
 rye be us$ in/ead4 ,see ,f>m]s'        
,bullet9 #eae1 entitl$ ,vet*es4         
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4--;,a s+le plant 

( crimson clov]4    ,crimson clov] is a 
w9t] annual1 t is1 x ord9>ily makes its 
e>ly gr[? 9 ! autumn1 passes ! w9t] 9 a 
some:at dormant b  gre5 /ate1 makes a v 
e>ly spr+ gr[?1 & matures its se$ &     
dies be=e summ]4 ,x makes little or no  
gr[? 9 v hot wea!r &  !re=e %\ld n be   
s[n 9 ! spr+1 except 9 ! extreme ,nor?1 
:]e x may make a satisfactory gr[? by   
autumn1 s t  hay crop may  be tak5 f x  
at t "t4          ,,requirem5ts ,,=     
,,obta9+ ,,& ,,ma9ta9+ ,a ,,/& ,,(      
,,crimson  ,,clov]4      ,unless !      
conditions ( soil & moi/ure are exactly 
"r x is n an  easy matt] to e/abli% a   
satisfactory /& ( crimson clov]1 ev5 9  
! sections :]e x is mo/ ext5sively      
produc$4 7,fig4 #b47 ,! lack (  timely  
ra9s 9 late summ] is responsible = mo/ (
 ! failures to  obta9 a satisfactory /&4
 ,! "y se$l+s are v easily kill$  by !  
hot sun or lack ( moi/ure4 ,on ! o!r h&1
 if ! se$+ be  delay$ too long1 z1 =    
in/ance1 9 wait+ = ! prop] conditions  (
 soil moi/ure1 ! plants w be unable to  

make suffici5t gr[? to  )/& ! w9t]4     
,briefly speak+1 crimson clov] %\ld be  
se$$  %all[ on a moi/1 reasonably       
f]tile1 well-dra9$1 well-settl$ se$  b$4
 ,inoculation 9 "s =m %\ld be provid$1  
especially :5 se$+  x = ! fir/ "t on any
 fields 9 sections comp>atively new to  
?is  crop4    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4       
#b4--;,a crimson-clov] failure on gr\nd 
too poor 9  humus4    ,crimson clov] is 
n adapt$ to ! :ite-clay l&s 9 _! pres5t 
condition 9 "s portions ( ! ,atlantic   
,coa/al ,pla94 ,su* fields  %\ld be se$$
 to soy beans or c[peas :5 a legum9\s   
crop is  desir$ = soil improvem5t or o!r
 purposes4#b ,crimson clov] does  n d   
well on r\gh1 newly cle>$ l& & x        
ord9>ily requires  ! production ( two or
 ?ree crops or a special prep>ation by  
lim+1  manur+1 & inoculat+ be=e su* l&  
pres5ts conditions  satisfactory = se$+4
 ,x is usually bett] to s[ rye = a w9t] 
cov] & c[peas = a summ] crop if a cov]  
crop is ?\ght to be  ne$$4 ,9 any       
section :]e crimson clov] has n be5     

previ\sly gr[n  ! fir/ se$+ %\ld be on a
 small scale to det]m9e :e!r or n  x is 
a practicable crop = ! locality 9 "q4   
#b ,^! :ite-clay soils are ne>ly always 
s\r1 defici5t ,9 humus1 &  poorly dra9$4
 ,if lim$1 subsoil$1 dra9$1 & suppli$ ) 
humus1  su* soils are said to gr[       
crimson clov] satisfactorily4           
,,prep>ation ,,( ,,! ,,se$ ,,b$4    ,!  
se$ b$ = crimson clov] %\ld be firm1    
moi/1 well settl$1  & f9e on top4 ,any  
ef=ts t may be exp5d$ to cons]ve ! soil 
moi/ure previ\s to se$+ are usually     
ju/ifi$1 especially if !re  be any lack 
( ra9fall dur+ ! mon? previ\s or ! mon? 
foll[+  se$+4 ,:]e ! clov] is se$$ 9 an 
int]till$ crop1 su* z  corn1 cotton1 or 
tomatoes1 ! cu/om>y cultivation receiv$ 
by ^!  crops is ord9>ily suffici5t = !  
ne$s ( crimson clov]4 ,:]e  gra9-/ubble 
l& is pl[$ 9 prep>ation = ! clov] a mon?
 or six  weeks are ord9>ily requir$ = ! 
soil to settle suffici5tly to make  a   
prop] se$ b$1 s9ce aft] pl[+ at lea/ "o 
soak+ ra91 :i*  compacts ! soil & fills 

x ) moi/ure1 is ess5tial to ! prop]     
prep>ation ( ! se$ b$ = crimson clov]4  
,if ! gr\nd be disk$1  a mu* %ort] "t & 
less ra9 are requir$ = ! prop] settl+ ( 
! se$ b$4 ,! be/ me?od ( reta9+ !       
moi/ure 9 ! se$ b$  is to h>r[ or give  
%all[ cultivation %ortly aft] ea* ra94  
,a f9e  soil mul* on ! surface w l>gely 
prev5t ! soil j b5ea? !  surface f los+ 
its moi/ure ?r\gh evaporation4 ,su*     
surface tillage  %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be giv5 
be=e se$+ ! crimson clov]4              
,,f]tiliz]s ,,= ,,crimson ,,clov]4      
,"u ! ord9>y conditions ( soil f]tility 
! f]tiliz] appli$ to  ! prec$+ crop is  
suffici5t = ! ne$s ( crimson clov]4 ,?is
  is especially true :]e ! clov] foll[s 
su* crops z potatoes or  tomatoes1 :i*  
are ord9>ily heavily treat$ ) f]tiliz]s 
t are  n entirely us$ up by ^! crops4 ,x
 is important to realize1 h[ev]1  t     
crimson clov] has a v %ort p]iod ( gr[? 
& t to make a  vigor\s gr[? x mu/ h a   
good supply ( plant food4 ,on s&y soils 
:]e !re has be5 no rec5t application (  

f]tiliz]s x is (t5 !  practice to apply 
f #bjj to #djj p\nds ( a mixture ( equal
 p>ts (  acid phosphate & ka9ite4 ,on   
clay soils #cjj or #djj p\nds p] acre ( 
acid phosphate are ord9>ily suffici5t4  
,if ! soil be l[ 9 nitrates a  light    
application ( nitrate ( soda w assi/    
mat]ially 9 giv+ !  "y clov] plants a   
good />t & w9t] :i* o!rwise might h     
prov$ fatal to ! /&4 ,if ! se$+ has be5 
delay$1 z by wait+  = suitable ra9s1 an 
application ( nitrate f]tiliz] w        
/imulate  ! "y plants & enable !m to    
make an increas$ gr[? be=e w9t]4    ,any
 direct application ( f]tiliz] is       
usually made at se$+ "t1 b  "s few f>m]s
 h be5 f\nd :o apply x z a top dress+ v 
e>ly  ! foll[+ spr+1 giv+ z a reason t  
!re is no loss f w9t]  lea*+ & t !      
plants are by ?is me?od n\ri%$ at ! "t  
!y  are mak+ _! mo/ vigor\s gr[?4 ,su*  
top dress+s ( f]tiliz]  %\ld n be made  
:ile ! leaves are wet ) ra9 or dew4 ,:]e
 /able  manure is appli$ to crimson     
clov] v m>k$ results foll[4 ,x may be   

spread j be=e se$+1 :5 ! clov] is n gr[n
 9 an int]till$  crop1 or x may be      
appli$ z a top dress+ 9 w9t] or v e>ly  
spr+4    ,! m vigor\s ! gr[? t c be     
induc$ by ! application (  suitable     
f]tiliz]s ! m m>k$ w be ! increase 9 !  
yield  ( ! succe$+ crops4 ,on soil n    
well suppli$ ) humus or plant  food !   
use ( a reasonable am\nt ( f]tiliz] w   
(t5 enable a  successful crop ( clov] & 
succe$+ crops to be produc$ :]e1  _h n !
 f]tiliz]s be5 appli$1 ! clov] w\ld h   
fail$4  ,fur!rmore1 ! foll[+ crop1      
p>ticul>ly if x be corn1 w\ld also  fail
 to give ! increas$ yield :i* foll[s a  
successful /& (  crimson clov]4    ,an  
application ( b>ny>d manure w be f\nd to
 be especially effective  9 obta9+ a /& 
( crimson clov] on any ?91 gall$ spots 9
 !  field4 ,! manure %\ld be work$ into 
! gr\nd &1 if possible1 a  second       
application z a top dress+ %\ld be giv5 
su* ?9 places to  p>tially %ade ! gr\nd 
f ! ,augu/ sun :ile ! se$l+s are        
e/abli%+ !mselves4      ,,lim+ ,,soils  

,,= ,,crimson ,,clov]4    ,mo/ ( ! soils
 9 ! crimson-clov] sections w be f\nd to
 be  b5efit$ by lim+4 ,crimson clov]1   
h[ev]1 does n appe> to require  lime to 
! ext5t t r$ clov] does4 ,frequ5tly on  
well-dra9$ soils  9 a good /ate (       
f]tility ! crimson clov] makes a vigor\s
 gr[?  )\t ! use ( lime4 ,! /&s are1    
h[ev]1 usually m uni=mly  good ov] !    
lim$ p>ts ( su* fields ?an on ! p>ts t h
  receiv$ no l9e4 ,! op9ion among       
individual f>m]s appe>s to be ab\t      
equally divid$ z to :e!r or n x pays !m 
to lime _! soils  = crimson clov]4 ,9   
consid]+ ! advisability ( apply+ lime "o
  mu/ n lose sight ( ! ne$ ( lime on !  
"p ( su* o!r crops  z cantal\pes or     
pea*es1 :i* require lime & :i* are ei!r 
gr[n  ) ! clov] or foll[ x4 ,inasmu* z !
 ext5t ( ! b5efit is  some:at unc]ta9 x 
is sugge/$ t ! p>ticul> requirem5ts (  !
 f>m 9 "q be det]m9$ by lim+ small plats
 at diff]5t  rates be=e any consid]able 
areas are lim$4 ,! mo/ pr(itable rate ( 
application c !n be adopt$ = ! :ole     

acreage4      ,,inoculation ,,=         
,,crimson ,,clov]4    ,=tunately mo/ ( !
 soils 9 ! crimson-clov] sections appe> 
to  be already inoculat$4 ,?is is       
especially true 9 s&y soil areas :]e    
crimson clov] has be5 gr[n = a numb] (  
seasons4 ,9 sections new to  ?is crop   
inoculation 9 "s =m is usually necess>y4
 ,on clay soils  inoculation is n always
 pres5t1 ev5 ?\gh crimson clov] may h   
be5 gr[n1 = a numb] ( successive seasons
 on o!r fields ( ! f>m4    ,an exp]im5t 
conduct$ by ! ,alabama ,/ate            
,agricultural ,exp]im5t  ,/ation %[s h[ 
ess5tial inoculation is on soils :i* h n
  previ\sly gr[n crimson clov]4 ,9 ?is  
exp]im5t a yield ( #d1jeg  p\nds (      
crimson clov] hay 0 secur$ :]e ! plants 
7 inoculat$1  z comp>$ ) only #gfa p\nds
 :]e no inoculation 0 provid$4 ,9  ano!r
 te/ by ! same /ation ! inoculat$ plat (
 crimson clov]  yield$ at ! rate (      
#f1ajj p\nds ( cur$ hay p] acre1 :ile ! 
un9oculat$ plat 0 a total failure4      
,inoculation by ! use ( soil f a        

crimson-clov] field is consid]ably  m   
c]ta9 ?an is inoculation by ! use ( pure
 cultures1 b soil  inoculation is op5 to
 ! dang] ( introduc+ noxi\s we$s1       
insects1  & plant diseases1 especially  
if ! soil is br\ght f a di/ance4  ,!re  
is mu* less dang] 9 ?is respect if soil 
f inoculat$ plants  c be obta9$ 9 ! same
 neighborhood4 ,"o v practicable me?od  
is  to apply a bottle ( pure culture#c  
to a p\nd or two ( ! se$ & s[  ?is 9 !  
corn] ( "s field1 or ev5 9 ! g>d54 ,!   
result+  plants w be q sure to be       
inoculat$ & w furni% an abundant  supply
 ( soil = inoculat+ mu* l>g] areas at ! 
next se$+4 ,c>e  mu/ be tak5 n to all[ !
 sun to %9e ^u ei!r ! pure cultures  or 
! soil1 or ev5 on ! se$ aft] x is       
broadca/$4 ,= ?is  reason x is safe/ to 
se$ on a cl\dy day or aft] sund[n4 ,"o v
  satisfactory me?od ( soil inoculation 
consi/s m]ely 9 mix+ toge!r  equal p>ts 
( ! prop] soil & se$ & s[+ imm$iately 9 
front (  ! cov]+ h>r[4    #c ,pure      
cultures are s5t free by ! ,u4 ,s4      

,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4  ,full        
in/ructions = us+ !m accompany ea*      
bottle4      ,,se$+ ,,crimson ,,clov]4  
,crimson clov] may be s[n broadca/1 by  
h&1 ) a :eel-b>r[  %eep-tr\gh se$]1 or )
 any ( ! famili> types ( rot>y  se$]s4  
,x is sometimes drill$ 9 & !re are a    
numb] ( specially  con/ruct$ drills     
design$ = ?is purpose4    ,! cons5sus ( 
op9ion among f>m]s is t %all[ se$+ is   
g5]ally be/1 especially ^u ! clay soils4
 ,an in* 9 s&y soils &  half an in* 9   
clay soils appe>s to be ab\t ! "r dep?  
except 9  times ( dr\ght4    ,! ord9>y  
rate ( se$+ is #ae p\nds p] acre1 al?\gh
 "s use #bj  p\nds1 :ile o!rs are able  
to obta9 satisfactory /&s ) only #ab    
p\nds p] acre4 ,"o p\nd ( se$ p] acre   
provides = ?ree se$s =  e squ>e foot2   
h5ce1 if e se$ produc$ a plant1 #b p\nds
 p]  acre w\ld be !oretically suffici5t 
to secure a satisfactory /&4  ,"u ord9>y
 circum/ances1 h[ev]1 x is necess>y to  
all[ = "s  ( ! se$ be+ cov]$ too deep1  
:ile a consid]able proportion may  prove

 to be cov]$ too %all[ = successful     
gr[?4 ,! pr9cipal  ju/ification ( se$+  
su* a quantity & at v>y+ dep?s lies 9  !
 fact t 9 case a dry season develops    
aft] se$+ ! m deeply  cov]$ se$s w be   
able to )/& ! dr\ght bett] ?an ^?  cov]$
 to a m$ium dep?4 ,if an unusually wet  
season develops1 !  %all[-plant$ se$s w 
give ! be/ results4 ,moreov]1 "s ( !    
se$ w fail to g]m9ate4 ,x is also well  
to h a fairly ?ick /&  ( ! "y plants1 s 
t ! gr\nd may be well cov]$ ev5 dur+    
e>ly fall1 & ?us prev5t ! w9t]-gr[+ we$s
 f e/abli%+  !mselves4    ,x is held by 
_m f>m]s t !y are m c]ta9 ( gett+ a /&  
( crimson clov] if !y s[ ! se$ 9 ! hull 
r ?an use !  hull$ se$ z x ord9>ily     
appe>s on ! m>ket4 ,x is claim$ t  !    
hulls hold ! moi/ure to "s ext5t4 ,se$ 9
 ! hull c easily  be obta9$ by flail+   
out a load ( crimson clov] :i* has be5  
left  uncut 9 ! field until ! se$ is    
mature4 ,_m f>m]s run ! clov]  ?r\gh an 
ord9>y gra9 ?ra%]1 :i* deliv]s ! se$ 9 !
 hull4          ,,v>i\s ,,me?ods ,,(    

,,se$+ ,,crimson ,,clov]4      ,crimson 
clov] may be se$$ 9 late summ] 9 any ( !
 ord9>y  int]till$ crops4 ,x may be se$$
 alone foll[+ any f>m crop :i*  c be    
remov$ f ! l& by e>ly summ]1 s t ! se$ c
 be  s[n 9 late summ] or v e>ly fall4 ,x
 may also be se$$ = hay 9  mixture )    
gra91 su* z :eat1 rye1 b>ley1 or w9t]   
oats1 :i* are  ready to cut = hay at    
ab\t ! same "t z ! clov] ! foll[+  spr+4
 ,a v light se$+ ( an animal cat* crop1 
su* z buck:eat1  may be made ) crimson  
clov] 9 "t = ! cat* crop to make its    
gr[? be=e w9t]4      ,,se$+ ,,crimson   
,,clov] ,,9 ,,int]till$ ,,crops4        
,al?\gh crimson clov] may be se$$ 9     
almo/ any ( ! int]till$  crops1 9 ?is   
c\ntry probably half ( x is s[n 9 corn  
at or %ortly  aft] ! "t ( ! la/         
cultivation4 7,fig4 #c47 ,x is usually  
possible  to make su* a se$+1 obta9 a   
good gr[? dur+ ! fall & e>ly  spr+1 &   
mature a crop ( hay 9 "t = break+ up !  
l& =  ano!r crop ( corn4 ,s\? ( !       
latitude ( c5tral ,delaw>e x is ev5     

possible to mature a crop ( clov] se$ 9 
"t = corn plant+4 ,9  ?is way x is      
possible to gr[ a crop ( corn ea* ye> & 
at ! same  "t /eadily increase !        
f]tility ( ! soil = a s]ies ( ye>s4     
,treat$ 9 ?is mann] ea* succe$+ crop (  
corn c ord9>ily be  mat]ially increas$4 
,in/ances are report$ :]e ! yield ( corn
 has  be5 gradually increas$ by ?is     
means f #aj bu%els p] acre at !  />t    
until z high z #gj bu%els p] acre 7     
secur$4    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4          
#c4--,se$+ crimson clov] 9 corn at !    
la/ cultivation4    ,! newly se$$ /&s ( 
clov] 9 corn are likely to p]i% if      
dr\ght  occurs at or aft] se$+ "t4 ,?o  
gr[+ corn makes heavy dem&s on  ! soil  
moi/ure1 & if !re is n en\gh moi/ure =  
bo? clov] &  corn ! latt] gets ! l>g]   
%>e & ! t5d] clov] plants are  likely to
 succumb4 ,x sometimes happ5s t a v     
light ra9 %ortly  aft] se$+ ! clov] w   
cause ! se$s to g]m9ate1 only to p]i%   
dur+ ! succe$+ days ( dry wea!r4 ,on    
acc\nt ( ! competition  = moi/ure betwe5

 ! corn & clov] x is be/ to cov] ! clov]
  se$ a little deep] ?an is necess>y :5 
x is s[n on fall[ l&4    ,nor?1 ( !     
,potomac ,riv] ! la/ cultivation ( !    
corn comes at  ab\t ! "r "t = ! be/     
results ) clov] se$$ at ! same  "t4     
,f>!r s\?1 h[ev]1 !re is too mu* hot    
wea!r aft] ! corn  is laid by1 & z a    
consequ5ce x is be/ to delay ! se$+ ( ! 
crimson clov] until ab\t #h or #aj weeks
 be=e ! fir/ fro/ may be  expect$4 ,a   
light furr[-too!d cultivator or h>r[ may
 be run %all[  betwe5 ! r[s to cov] !   
se$4 ,! se$ may be s[n broadca/ by h&   
or ev5 f horseback ) a rot>y se$]4 ,9   
su* an ev5t1 h[ev]1 x  is necess>y to   
cov] ! e>s ( ! horse ) small bags or    
socks to  prev5t ! entrance ( ! fly+    
se$4 ,a mu* m ev5 /& is made  possible  
if ! corn is giv5 level tillage r ?an ! 
ridg$ tillage  incid5t to pl[+ ) a      
#a-;horse corn pl[ & ridg+ ! l&4 ,!     
appe>ance ( a field ( crimson clov] se$$
 ! summ] previ\s 9 corn  is indicat$ 9  
figure #d4    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4       

#d4--;,crimson clov] 9 an old cornfield4
 ,! clov]  0 se$$ 9 ! corn at ! la/     
cultivation4 ,a fodd] /ack is to be     
obs]v$ 9 ! middle =egr\nd4 ,! corn/alks 
h be5 remov$ to  avoid difficulty 9 m[+ 
! clov]4    ,9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a & s\!rn    
,virg9ia x has be5 f\nd possible "u     
favorable conditions to obta9 a         
satisfactory /& ( clov] by se$+  9      
cotton4 ,! clov] %\ld n be s[n until #aj
 or #ab weeks be=e fro/  & ! la/ work+ (
 ! cotton comes ord9>ily at an e>li]    
date  ?an ?is4 ,x is necess>y t ! cotton
 be giv5 v clean culture1  z well z     
special att5tion paid to cons]v+ !      
moi/ure 9 !  prospective clov]-se$ b$4  
,unless ! fir/ %[ ( cotton is pick$     
e>ly x is difficult to cov] ! clov] se$ 
)\t unduly injur+ !  op5$ cotton bolls4 
,9 ! high] & m nor!rn p>ts ( ! cotton   
belt x is possible to make ! clov] se$+ 
be=e ! bolls beg9 to  bur/4    ,crimson 
clov] may be se$$ 9 practically any ( ! 
cultivat$ truck  crops :i* receive _!   
la/ cultivation f #h to #ab weeks be=e !

  fir/ fro/4 ,x is n practicable to se$ 
! clov] 9 late potatoes1  z ! digg+ ( ! 
potatoes 9 ! fall practically de/roys ! 
/&  ( clov]4 ,! heavy application (     
f]tiliz]s necess>y = ! truck  crop makes
 possible a vigor\s gr[? ( ! clov]4 ,!  
result is t  ! soil is mat]ially built  
up 9 bo? nitrog5 & humus4 ,! clov]      
makes its gr[? at a season ( ! ye> :5 ! 
l& is n ord9>ily  occupi$ by any ( !    
regul> truck crops4    ,:5 timely ra9s  
foll[ ! se$+ x is possible to se$ !     
clov]  on ! surface ( ! gr\nd among     
cantal\pe v9es & all[ ! fir/  ra9 to    
cov] ! se$4 ,! %ade is app>5tly too d5se
 "u wat]melon  v9es = ! clov] se$l+s to 
survive4 ,! writ] has obta9$ a good  /& 
by se$+ ! clov] se$1 )\t cov]+1 9 sweet 
potatoes !  fir/ week 9 ,augu/ on s&y l&
 ne> ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,by h&-digg+  !  
potatoes ) a spade a fair /& ( ! clov]  
plants 0 left  unh>m$4      ,,se$+      
,,crimson ,,clov] ,,aft] ,,e>ly-,,matur+
 ,,crops4    ,x is possible to se$      
crimson clov] aft] practically any ( !  

ord9>y f>m crops :i* c be remov$ f ! l& 
?ree mon?s be=e  fro/4    ,x is some:at 
difficult to obta9 any?+ l an ideal se$ 
b$ =  crimson clov] :]e a field ( gra9  
/ubble has be5 pl[$ "u4 ,!  soil 9 a    
/ubble field is apt to be dry & cloddy  
:5 pl[$1 :ile  ! /ubble t5ds to =m a dry
 mat at ! bottom ( ea* furr[4 ,su* a    
condition is likely to cont9ue = a numb]
 ( weeks aft] pl[+ &  to result         
disa/r\sly to ! clov] se$l+s unless !re 
be abundant  & frequ5t ra9s4 ,x is      
ord9>ily a bett] practice to disk ! gra9
  /ubble & h>r[ e week1 or at lea/ aft] 
e ra91 9 ord] to  settle ! gr\nd & assi/
 9 hold+ ! moi/ure p5d+ ! "t (  se$+4   
,su* frequ5t h>r[+s w also kill !       
successive crops (  g]m9at+ we$ se$s1   
:i* might o!rwise injure ! "y /& (      
clov]4    ,on ! o!r h&1 ! gr\nd f :i*   
e>ly potatoes h be5 remov$  is v        
favorable = ! e/abli%m5t ( a /& (       
crimson clov]4  ,! residual effect ( !  
f]tiliz]s us$ on ! potatoes is p>tially 
responsible = ?is1 :ile ! well-settl$   

se$ b$1 :i* requires  only level+ &     
h>r[+1 also pres5ts favorable conditions
 = !  crimson-clov] se$l+s4      ,,se$+ 
,,crimson ,,clov] ,,) ,,late            
,,summ]-,,se$$ ,,annual ,,crops4        
,crimson clov] may be se$$ 9 midsumm] or
 9 late summ] ) a v  light se$+ (       
buck:eat4 ,! buck:eat soon =ms an ideal 
%ade =  ! "y clov] plants & unless fro/s
 occur v e>ly a crop (  buck:eat may    
usually be h>ve/$4 ,?is me?od has be5   
sugge/$ z  be+ applicable :5 se$+ !     
clov] 9 cotton4 ,if ! buck:eat  is n    
se$$ until ,augu/ x w n ord9>ily produce
 se$ 9 !  latitude ( ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4  
,:]ev] possible1 ! se$+ ( buck:eat  &   
crimson clov] %\ld be made s e>ly t !re 
w be "t = !  buck:eat to mature its se$ 
crop1 z 9 ?is way ! buck:eat itself  w  
pay = ! exp5se ( />t+ bo? /&s4 ,a light 
se$+ ( !  buck:eat mu/ be made1 z an    
ord9>y /& ( buck:eat %ades !  gr\nd s   
completely z to de/roy ! crimson clov]4 
,ano!r me?od ( prev5t+ ! injuri\s effect
 ( ! hot sun (  late summ] is to make a 

light se$+ ( c[peas at ! same "t t  !   
crimson clov] is se$$4 ,! c[peas g]m9ate
 promptly1 & be+  r ?9 on ! gr\nd d n   
injure ! /& ( clov]1 b on !  contr>y    
af=d suffici5t %ade to prev5t ! soil f  
becom+ z  hot z x o!rwise w\ld4 ,9      
addition1 ! clov] plants receive "s     
protection f ! direct rays ( ! sun4 ,!re
 is ord9>ily n en\gh  "t = ! c[peas to  
mature1 s !y are ei!r m[n = hay or left 
/&+ to cat* ! sn[ dur+ ! w9t] & protect 
! /& (  clov]4 ,9 se$l+s made by ! writ]
 half a bu%el ( c[peas p] acre1         
broadca/$1 gave v>y satisfactory        
results1 ! se$+ be+ made ,augu/  #a on  
s&y gr\nd ne> ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,! clov]
 & c[peas 7 s[n  broadca/ on e>ly-potato
 gr\nd & cov]$ f "o-half to #a in* deep4
    ,if a light se$+ ( turnips be made )
 ! clov]1 ! turnip plants  w af=d "s    
protection to ! "y clov] plants & at !  
same  "t w ord9>ily yield a fair crop ( 
turnips4 ,ab\t #a p\nd ( turnip  se$ &  
#ae p\nds ( clov] se$ %\ld be s[n to !  
acre4 ,if !  se$+ ( turnips be at all   

heavy ! co>se-gr[+ turnip plants w  *oke
 out too _m ( ! clov] plants4 ,! ,c[    
,horn turnips appe> to be  especially   
adapt$ = se$+ ) crimson clov]4          
,,crimson ,,clov] ,,9 ,,mixtures ,,)    
,,o!r ,,legumes ,,& ,,gra94    ,:5      
crimson clov] is se$$ alone on good soil
 x is likely to make s  rank a gr[? z to
 lodge4 ,to ov]come ?is difficulty x is 
a common  practice to se$ "s small-gra9 
crop ) ! clov] at se$+ "t4  ,s\? ( !    
,potomac ,riv] w9t] oats are ord9>ily v 
satisfactory1  especially :5 se$$ ) !   
late :ite-bloom+ /ra9 ( crimson  clov]4 
,9 ,delaw>e & ea/]n ,m>yl& :eat is      
commonly us$4 ,9  addition to :eat &    
oats1 rye or b>ley is sometimes us$4 ,! 
cu/om>y  rate ( se$+ is ab\t #ae p\nds (
 clov] se$ & #cj p\nds ( gra9  p] acre4 
,! accompany+ illu/ration 7fig4 #e7     
indicates ! appe>ance  ( a field se$$ to
 a mixture ( crimson clov] & :eat4 ,!   
gra9  prev5ts ! clov] f lodg+1          
facilitates ! cur+ ( ! clov]  hay1 &1 9 
addition1 =ms a valuable con/itu5t ( !  

result+ hay  crop4 ,! yield ( ! mixture 
is ord9>ily some:at m ?an :5 !  clov] is
 se$$ alone4 ,! ,alabama ,/ate          
,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation  secur$ 
z ! av]age = two ye>s' exp]im5ts !      
foll[+ yields (  hay3                   
,yield p] acre4      ,crimson clov] se$$
 alone                     #b1hcf p\nds4
    ,crimson clov] se$$ 9 mixtures3     
,b>ley & crimson clov]                  
#c1fie p\nds4        ,:eat & crimson    
clov]                    #c1gga p\nds4  
,oats & crimson clov]                   
#d1bbh p\nds4    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4    
#e4--;,crimson clov] & :eat 9 mixture4  
,9 !  =egr\nd ! crop has be5 cut & f$   
gre5 to /ock4 ,! rema9d]  0 cut ! next  
day = hay4 ,! gra9 prev5ts ! crimson    
clov] f  lodg+4    ,! gra9 is usually   
well head$ b is 9 ! milk or s(t-d\gh    
/age  :5 ! clov] is ready to cut4 ,!    
pres5ce ( ! gra9 hay makes !  clov] hay 
m easily cur$4 ,) w9t] oats x is usually
 be/ to se$  ! late :ite-bloom+ v>iety (
 crimson clov]1 z ! oat crop matures    

some:at lat] ?an ! ord9>y crimson clov]4
 ,ano!r advantage ( ?is  mixture is t if
 ei!r %\ld fail ! o!r w be pres5t to    
s]ve  z a cov] crop dur+ w9t] & br+ "s  
return ! foll[+ spr+4    ,crimson clov] 
may be se$$ 9 mixtures ) vet*1 %aftal   
clov]1  trefoil1 or1 9 fact1 any        
w9t]-gr[+ legume :i* has a gr[+ season  
simil> to crimson clov]4 ,s9ce mo/ ( ^! 
legumes are n upright 9  _! gr[? x is   
usually necess>y to se$ "s gra9 crop )  
!m  to s]ve z a support & to prev5t !   
plants f lodg+4 ,! gra9  is ord9>ily a  
sur] crop ?an ! legumes & practically   
insures !  gr\nd be+ cov]$ ) "s crop    
dur+ ! w9t] & spr+ mon?s4      ,,se$+   
,,crimson ,,clov] ,,alone4    ,if a good
 se$ b$ c be prep>$ by ,augu/ #a 9 !    
latitude (  ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 crimson  
clov] w ord9>ily produce a satisfactory 
/& if se$$ entirely alone4 ,?is is      
especially true on ! clay  soils1 :]e x 
is (t5 difficult to obta9 a successful  
cat* 9 corn  at ! la/ work+4 ,! se$ is  
s[n at ! same rate z :5 se$$  9 corn1   

namely1 ab\t #ae p\nds p] acre4 ,x is ! 
common practice to  broadca/ ! se$ & to 
cov] ) a v light b>r[ or we$]4 ,unless  
! ,augu/ sun be unduly hot & a dr\ght   
develops1 su* se$+ w  ord9>ily produce v
 satisfactory results if ! soil be      
reasonably  f]tile4          ,,treatm5t 
,,( ,,crimson ,,clov] ,,/&s ,,aft]      
,,se$+4      ,ord9>ily no special       
treatm5t is requir$ aft] se$+1 & be=e   
w9t] comes on "s fall pa/urage may be   
obta9$ if ! gr[? be  suffici5tly rank4  
,a light pa/ur+ ) %eep has be5 not$ to  
induce  heavi] /ool+ on ! "p ( ! crimson
 clov]4 ,only a light pa/ur+  ) small   
animals1 su* z %eep1 calves1 or *ick5s1 
%\ld be made 9  ei!r ! fall or spr+ be=e
 ! e>ly spr+ gr[? is well "u  way4 ,if !
 "t ( se$+ has be5 delay$1 or if = any  
reason x is  fe>$ t ! plants w be unable
 to make suffici5t gr[? be=e  cold      
wea!r1 x has be5 f\nd t a top dress+ (  
nitrate ( soda  alone or 9 mixture )    
muriato ( pota% w greatly ha/5 ! fall   
gr[?4 ,?is r$uces ! dang] f w9t]kill+ & 

heav+ out 9 !  e>ly spr+4             99
       99       99       99       99    
,transcrib] ,note    ,m9or typos h be5  
correct$4 ,illu/rations 7 mov$ to prev5t
  splitt+ p>agraphs4 ,produc$ f files   
g5]\sly made available by  ,,usda ?r\gh 
,! ,int]net ,ar*ive4 ,all resultant     
mat]ials are plac$ 9  ! ,public ,doma94