file which includes the original illustrations4 ,see #fcaeg-;h4htm or #fcaeg-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gutenberg4org_/cache_/epu b_/#fcaeg_/pg#fcaeg-;images4html7 or 7https3_/_/www4gutenberg4org_/files_/#fc aeg_/fcaeg-;h4zip7 ,images of the original pages are available through ,internet ,archive4 ,see https3_/_/archive4org_/details_/mytholog yinmarbl#jjjjunse ,illustration 8,myths are told and songs are chanted ,full of promptings and suggestions40 ,,mythology ,,in ,,marble by ,,louie ,m4 ,,bell ,educational ,publishing ,company ,boston ,new ,york ,chicago ,san ,francisco ,copyrighted ,by ,educational ,publishing ,company #aija ,illustration 8,all passes4 ,art alone ,enduring stays to us2 ,the bust outlasts the throne1-- ,the coin1 ,tiberius2 8,even the gods must go2 ,only the lofty rhyme ,not countless years o'erthrow1-- ,not long array of time4 8,paint1 chisel1 then1 or write2 ,but1 that the work surpass1 ,with the hard fashion fight1-- ,with the resisting mass40 --,austin ,dobson4 ,index ,venus of the ,shell ,frontispiece ,jupiter 7,vatican7 #ab ,juno 7,villa ,ludovisi1 ,rome7 #af ,apollo ,belvedere 7,vatican7 #bj ,niobe 7,uffizi1 ,florence7 #bd ,mars 7,villa ,ludovisi1 ,rome7 #bh ,laocoon 7,vatican7 #cb ,venus de ,milo 7,louvre1 ,paris7 #cf ,farnese ,hercules 7,naples ,museum7 #dj ,venus de ,medici 7,uffizi1 ,florence7 #dd ,hercules and ,lichas 7,torloni ,palace1 ,rome7 #dh ,winged ,victory 7,louvre1 ,paris7 #eb ,three ,fates 7,british ,museum1 ,london7 #ef ,meleager 7,vatican7 #fj ,apollo ,musagetes 7,vatican7 #fd ,calliope 7,vatican7 #fh ,diana 7,vatican7 #gb ,sleeping ,ariadne 7,louvre1 ,paris7 #gf ,ariadne 7,frankfort1 ,germany7 #hj ,minerva 7,capitol1 ,rome7 #hd ,euterpe 7,louvre1 ,paris7 #hh ,orpheus and ,eurydice 7,villa ,albani1 ,naples7 #ib ,bacchus 7,naples ,museum7 #if ,apollo and ,daphne 7,villa ,borghese1 ,rome7 #ajj ,proserpine 7,villa ,ludovisi1 ,rome7 #ajd ,cupid 7,so4 ,kensington ,museum1 ,london7 #ajh ,vulcan 7,copenhagen1 ,denmark7 #aab ,perseus 7,vatican7 #aaf ,hebe 7,national ,gallery1 ,london7 #abj ,ganymede and the ,eagle 7,naples ,museum7 #abd ,cupid ,stung 7,naples7 #abh ,cupid and ,psyche 7,louvre1 ,paris7 #acb ,mercury 7,luxembourg1 ,paris7 #ach ,mercury 7,luxembourg1 ,paris7 #adb ,genius of ,death 7,st4 ,peter's1 ,rome7 #adf ,the ,graces 7,borghese ,gallery1 ,rome7 #aej ,pan 7,luxembourg1 ,paris7 #aed ,hope 7,luxembourg1 ,paris7 #aeh ,preface4 8,they are coming back in might1 ,olympic gods1 to claim their ancient right4 ,shall then the sacred majesty of old1 ,the grace that holy was1 the noble rage1 ,temper our strife1 abate our greed for gold1 ,make fine our modern age80 ,in this practical age it is not to be supposed that busy people in general have time to make a thorough study of mythologic science3 but to share understandingly the love of sculpture now awakened in the public mind1 and for a better appreciation of our galleries of casts1 it is desirable to have at least a suggestive knowledge of the myths and legends which have inspired so many artists in the moulding of their statues1 for-- 8,even in ruins of their marble limbs ,they breathe of that far world wherefrom they came1 ,of liquid light and harmonies serene1 ,lost halls of heaven and fair ,olympian air40 ,in this book the aim has been to introduce some of the best specimens of mythologic sculpture to those who wish to become acquainted with things which add to the resources of a happy imagination1 but who find it impracticable to study set treatises on 8fossil theology10 or to consider the historical development of art4 ,an unpretentious exposition of the myths has been given together with their popular interpretations4 ,the poets1 ever the best commentators on mythology and sculpture1 are freely quoted4 ,these metrical lines1 relating either to the statues or the stories1 may serve to stamp indelibly on the mind facts otherwise effaceable4 ,a table of ,greek and ,roman synonymous deities and a list of suggestive readings in modern literature are appended4 --,l4 ,m4 ,b4 ,illustration ,the ,gods and ,their ,makers4 8,want you the brand and scope of man1 he is ,maker of ,gods4 ,a novice at the trade1 ,he made ,god out of winds and thunder clouds1 ,the unpropitious seasons1 threatening moons1 ,and the invisible ambuscade of death4 ,poor frightened babe1 he worshiped with a wail1 ,clutching his mother earth1 and in her face ,burying his fears4 ,then childlike artist grown ,he craved for form1 and from the shapes around ,contorted fair the figure of himself1 ,moulded his deities in wood and stone ,around his bed1 his banquet board1 his tomb ,as yet a bungler1 but when youth infused ,into the sap and marrow of his brain ,the vernal subtleties of love1 he dreamed ,of gods as fair as he himself would be1 ,majestic1 abstract1 yet with solid power ,to make a goddess tremble2 and behold1 ,under the yearning passion of his thought ,the embryonic marble sloughed its shell1 ,and gods of strength and beauty trod the earth1 ,their foreheads high in heaven40 --,alfred ,austin4 ,illustration ,jupiter4 8,the ,father of ,gods40 8,from the great father of the gods above ,my muse begins2 for all is full of ,jove40 --,,milton4 ,,story4 ,,the ,,king ,,of ,,the ,,heavens4 8,when gods began with wrath1 ,and war rose up between their brows1 ,some choosing to cast ,cronus from his throne1 ,that ,zeus might king it there1 and some in haste1 ,with opposite oaths1 that they would have no ,zeus ,to rule the gods forever40 --,e4 ,b4 ,browning4 ,cronus1 the father of ,jupiter1 was in the habit of swallowing his children at birth1 but when ,jupiter was born his mother1 ,rhea1 hid him in a cave and gave to the unnatural father a stone wrapped in swaddling clothes which he accepted1 unaware of the deception4 ,jupiter grew up under the care of the nymphs1 and1 after a mighty conflict1 overthrew the dynasty of the old gods and took possession of the throne and dominion of ,cronus4 ,he was then supreme ruler of gods and men1 but had viceroys of the sea and the regions of the dead in ,neptune and ,pluto4 ,his lawful wife1 ,juno1 reigned with him in equal sovereignty4 ,their children were ,mars1 ,vulcan and ,hebe4 ,although wedded to ,juno1 ,jupiter as the deity of the visible heavens1 had brides and children in many lands4 ,the abode of this wisest and most glorious of the divinities was on ,mt4 ,olympus in the unclouded ether4 ,,interpretation4 ,the strange story of ,cronus1 who swallowed his own children1 has reference to the consumption and reproduction continually going on in nature4 ,the words ,jupiter1 ,zeus1 ,jove1 mean heaven1 father1 almighty4 ,,art4 ,this ,carrara marble head was found at ,otricoli1 a small town near ,rome1 in #agge1 and is called the most beautiful of all the representations of ,jupiter4 ,the high forehead is made to appear still higher by the lines of the hair which meet in the center in a pointed arch4 ,a deep furrow divides the hair from the face4 ,the curled beard seems admirably in keeping with ,olympian dignity4 ,the work was probably executed in ,rome in about the first century4 ,illustration ,juno4 8,the ,ox-eyed ,queen40 8,where1 ,o ,juno1 is the glory ,of thy regal look and tread8 ,will they lay forever more1 thee ,on thy dim1 straight1 golden bed8 ,will they queendom all lie hid ,meekly under either lid80 --,e4 ,b4 ,,browning4 ,,story4 ,,the ,,goddess ,,of ,,marriage4 8,wedding is great ,juno's crown3 ,oh1 blessed bond of board and bed6 ',tis ,hymen peoples every town2 ,high wedlock then be honored2 ,honor1 high honor and renown1 ,to ,hymen1 god of every town40 --,shakespeare4 ,juno's marriage to ,jupiter was one of the most auspicious events that ever took place on ,mt4 ,olympus4 ,to their union were traced all the blessings of nature and when they met as on ,mt4 ,ida in a golden cloud1 sweet and fragrant flowers sprang up around them4 ,it is recorded1 however1 that they had many quarrels and wranglings1 the blame of which was usually traced to ,juno4 ,she was frequently angry1 jealous and quarrelsome1 and her character was proud and not free from bitterness4 ,the ,romans believed that every woman had her ,juno who protected her through life4 ,the peacock was sacred to ,juno4 8,the white-armed ,juno there enthroned was seen1 ,sovereign of heaven and ,jove's imperious queen2 ,still near his queen her watchful peacock spreads ,his thousand eyes1 his circling luster sheds2 ,where'er she bends the living radiance burns ,and floats majestic as the goddess turns40 --,lope de ,vega4 ,,interpretation4 ,juno is the personification of what may be called the 8female powers of the heavens1 that is1 the atmosphere with its fickle1 yet fertilizing qualities40 ,that phase of her life as bride is obviously associated with the phenomena of the heavens in the spring time when the return of dazzling light and warmth spreads everywhere affectionate gaiety and blooming of new life4 ,,art4 ,this marble head is in the ,villa ,ludovisi1 ,rome1 and is considered the most beautiful of all the representations of ,juno4 ,it expresses great energy of character united with the utmost feminine grace and purity4 ,the name of the artist is unknown1 but he is presumed to have been an ,athenian4 ,illustration ,apollo ,belvedere4 8,and the cold marble leapt to life a god40 8#8,bright haired ,apollo1' thou who ever art ,a blessing to the world--whose mighty heart ,forever pours out love and light and life40 --,,pike4 ,,story4 ,a ,,pythian ,,god4 ,the slime with which the earth was covered by the waters of the flood1 caused so excessive a fertility as to produce every variety of life1 both good and bad4 ,an enormous serpent1 called ,python1 crept forth and lurking in the caves of ,mt4 ,parnassus1 became the terror of the people4 ,apollo encountered this reptile1 and1 after a fearful battle1 slew him with his arrows4 ,in commemoration of this conquest he instituted the ,pythian games1 in which the victor in feats of strength1 swiftness of foot or in the chariot race1 was crowned with a wreath of beech leaves4 ,,interpretation4 ,apollo's conflict with the serpent1 ,python1 is a symbol of the victory of light and warmth over darkness and cold4 ,he used his bright beams 7arrows7 against the demon of darkness 7,python74 ,his shafts slay men as does sun-stroke4 ,andrew ,lang relates a strange coincidence of a ,german scholar1 ,otfried ,muller1 who had always opposed ,apollo's claim to being a sun-god4 ,he was killed by a sun-stroke at ,delphi4 ,the god thus avenged himself in his ancient home4 8,the sunbeams are my shafts ,with which ,i kill ,deceit1 that loves the night ,and fears the day4 ,all men who do1 or even ,imagine ill ,fly me40 --,shelley4 ,,art4 ,this statue is given the highest place of honor in ,europe's most celebrated sculpture gallery1 the ,belvedere of the ,vatican4 ,it was discovered in #aejc1 amid the ruins of ,antium and was purchased by ,pope ,julius ,,ii41 who removed it to ,rome4 ,it is for the modern world one of the most popular statues of the ancient world4 ,though it has been much studied and admired there has been a question as to its exact meaning4 ,collignon says that the object in the hand is a fragment of the gis with the ,medusa head with which ,apollo routed his enemies4 ,others think from the position and the quiver strap across the breast that the god is represented immediately after his victory over the ,python4 ,illustration ,niobe4 8,the ,mater ,dolorosa of ,antique ,art40 8,to stone the gods have changed her but in vain2 ,the sculptor's art has made her breathe again40 --,,greek ,,epigram4 ,,story4 ,a ,,frozen ,,tragedy4 ,niobe1 ,queen of ,thebes1 was the daughter of ,tantalus and wife of ,amphion1 who was the most famous of mythological musicians4 ,she was the mother of seven sons and seven daughters4 ,she became jealous of the ,goddess ,leto and commanded the ,theban women to cease their worship of her1 explaining that she considered herself far superior to ,leto1 who had but two children1 while she had seven times as many4 ,this so angered ,leto that she commanded ,apollo and ,diana to kill all of ,niobe's children4 ,the father1 ,amphion1 overwhelmed by this calamity1 destroyed himself4 ,the proud mother1 thus bereft of husband and children1 wept continually night and day1 until ,jupiter turned her into stone2 yet tears continued to flow2 and borne on a whirlwind to her native mountain1 she still remains a mass of rock from which a trickling stream flows1 the tribute to her never-ending grief4 8,and now in ,sipylus1 amid the rocks ,and lonely mountains1 she1 though turned to stone1 ,broods over wrongs inflicted by the gods40 --,lewis ,morris4 ,,interpretation4 ,niobe is the personification of winter1 and the myth signifies the melting of snow and the destruction of its icy offspring under the rays of the spring sun4 ,,art4 ,this statue is attributed to ,scopas4 ,it was disinterred in ,rome in #aehc and is now in the ,uffizi ,gallery1 ,florence4 ,it is part of a group composed of seventeen figures--,niobe and fourteen children1 a pedagogue and a nurse4 ,the figure of the mother clasped by the arm of her terrified child is one of the most admired of the ancient statues4 ,it is the highest instance in sculpture in which the body1 itself exempt from pain1 so wonderfully reflects the tortured soul4 ,it ranks with the ,laocoon and ,apollo ,belvedere as a work of art4 ,illustration ,mars4 8,god of ,dreadful ,war40 8,the mailed ,mars shall on his altar sit ,up to his ears in blood40 --,,shakespeare4 ,,story4 ,,the ,,war ,,god4 ,mars1 the son of ,jupiter and ,juno1 was born in ,thrace1 a country noted for its fierce storms and war-loving people4 ,he had quarrelsome tastes and delighted in the din and noise of warfare1 never questioning which side was right4 ,strife and slaughter were the conditions of his existence4 ,his attendants1 ,fear1 ,discord1 ,alarm1 ,dread and ,terror1 sympathized with him heartily and readily followed his lead4 ,bellona1 goddess of war1 watched over him closely4 ,she drove his chariot1 warded off dangerous blows1 and in other ways protected him4 ,the altars of ,mars and ,bellona were the only ones given up to human sacrifice4 ,the shield and sword1 the spear and burning torch are the emblems of ,mars4 ,his chosen animals are haunters of the battle field--the vulture and the dog4 ,the character of this fierce god of battles had a softer side4 ,although inconsistent and capricious1 he loved and was beloved by ,venus1 the fair goddess of beauty4 ,the principal worshipers of ,mars were ,roman soldiers who believed that he marched in person at the head of their armies4 ,their exercising ground was called the ,campus ,martius or field of ,mars4 ,all the laurel crowns bestowed upon victorious generals were placed on his statues and a bull was their customary sacrifice to him4 8,the soldier from successful camps returning ,with laurel wreathed and rich with hostile spoil1 ,severs the bull to ,mars40 --,prior4 ,,interpretation4 ,the fury of the storm winds which threw heaven and earth into confusion furnished the conception of the god of war4 ,the phenomena of the atmosphere with its tumults and uncertainty were well shown by his character4 ,,art4 ,this ,mars1 one of the most excellent works of ancient art1 in the ,villa ,ludovisi1 ,rome1 is sometimes ascribed to ,scopas4 ,the god1 with unused sword and shield1 is sitting in a careless1 easy attitude absorbed in reverie4 ,it would seem to us from the little ,cupid at his feet that it is love for ,venus which has overcome the god of battles4 ,illustration ,laocoon4 8,or1 turning to the ,vatican1 go see ,laocoon's torture dignifying pain-- ,a father's love and mortal agony ,with an immortal patience blending2 ,vain ,the struggle2 vain1 against the coiling strain ,and gripe1 and deep'ning of the dragon's grasp1 ,the old man's clinch2 the enormous asp ,enforces pang on pang1 and stifles gasp on gasp40 --,,byron4 ,,story4 ,a ,,plastic ,,tragedy4 ,laocoon was a priest of ,apollo at ,troy and endeavored unsuccessfully to dissuade the ,trojans from admitting into their gates the wooden horse which the ,greeks gave out was intended as a propitiatory offering to ,minerva1 but in fact was filled with ,achan chiefs who1 by means of this strategem1 obtained entrance into the doomed city4 ,sinon1 who had been left behind when the ,greeks pretended to sail away1 persuaded the ,trojans that the horse would prove a blessing and they drew it inside the gates4 8,oh1 the enchanting words of that base slave1 ,made them to think ,epeu's pine-tree horse ,a sacrifice to appease ,minerva's wrath40 --,marlowe4 ,laocoon also struck his spear into the side of the monster4 ,his words and acts so offended ,minerva that she sent two serpents out of the sea to destroy him and his sons4 ,they were speedily enveloped in the creatures' slimy folds and died in great agony4 ,,interpretation4 ,max ,muller says that the meaning or root of the name ,laocoon is symbolic of ,sin the ,throttler4 ,the strange fate of ,laocoon was readily believed to be a punishment for the violence he had done the sacred horse4 ,,art4 8,laocoon6 thou great embodiment ,of human life and human history6 ,thou record of the past1 thou prophecy ,of the sad future1 thou majestic voice1 ,pealing along the ages from old time6 ,thou wail of agonized humanity6 ,there lives no thought in marble like to thee6 ,thou hast no kindred in the ,vatican1 ,but standest separate among the dreams ,of old mythologies--alone--alone60 --,j4 ,g4 ,holland4 ,this group is wonderful as a work of sculpture and one of the most celebrated pieces in existence4 ,it was found in the excavations of the ,baths of ,titus1 ,rome1 in #aejf1 and was at once placed in the ,belvedere of the ,vatican1 where it has ever since remained4 ,the period of the statue is not definitely known4 ,the right arm of the father has been incorrectly restored4 ,it is thought that it was originally bent in such a way that the hand was near the back of the head as then the general outline of the group would be pyramidal1 and the summit of the pyramid would be the father's head4 ,the three figures represent three acts of the tragedy4 ,the eldest son is still unhurt1 and if we did not know the story we might think his escape possible4 ,in the father is seen the highest tension of forces to free himself from the coils of the serpents4 ,the straining muscles1 the expanded chest and head thrown upward and backward1 show his terrible effort4 ,the struggles of the younger son are weak and pitiable1 showing that resistance is at an end4 ,the expression of physical and emotional pain in this statue is so materialistic as to be repulsive to sensitive natures4 ,the scene is literally too sensational for sculpture4 8,its pathology overpowers its pathos40 ,illustration ,venus4 8,goddess of ,love and ,beauty40 8,look1 look1 why shine ,those floating bubbles with such light divine8 ,they break1 and from their mist a lily form ,rises from out the wave in beauty warm40 --,,shelley4 ,,story4 ,,the ,,birth ,,of ,,venus4 ,cradled on a great blue wave lay ,venus when discovered by the lovely sea-nymphs4 ,they immediately assumed her care1 tenderly nursed her and watched over her until she became a calm1 splendid woman4 ,her grace and beauty conquered every heart4 ,oceanides1 ,tritons and ,nereids1 all gave her rapturous admiration4 ,at length the foster mothers entrusted her to ,zephyrus1 who gently wafted her to the island of ,cyprus where she was met by the ,muses1 ,hours and ,graces and led to the assembly of the gods1 who bent in homage to her surpassing beauty4 ,her power soon extended over men as well as gods1 and temples were reared in her honor upon every shore4 ,she had favors for some and strong antipathies for others of the worshipers at her shrines1 and many are the stories and romances which cluster round her name4 ,,interpretation4 ,venus is the image of the dawn1 the most lovely of the sights of nature4 ,in ancient times the power of admiring was one of the greatest blessings bestowed on mankind1 and the beautiful morning1 as embodied in ,venus1 was1 therefore1 intensely admired and worshiped4 ,,art4 8,through those calm lips1 proud goddess1 speak6 ,portray to us thy gorgeous fane ,where ,melian suitors thronged to seek ,thine aid love's paradise to gain4 ,vouchsafe at least our minds to free ,from doubts pertaining to thy charms2 ,the meaning of thy bended knee1 ,the secret of thy vanished arms40 --,j4 ,l4 ,stoddard4 ,this beautiful ,greek original1 the ,venus of ,milo1 has been called 8the marble realization of the dream of fair women40 ,while it is universally recognized as a great work of art1 nothing is definitely known as to the period or school to which it belongs4 ,it was discovered in #ahbj1 by a peasant on the ,island of ,melos1 in the niche of a wall which had long been buried4 ,the ,french ambassador at ,constantinople purchased and presented it to ,louis ,,xviii41 king of ,france1 and it is now in the ,louvre4 ,the statue is made of two blocks of marble joined above the drapery which envelops the lower limbs4 ,the tip of the nose and the foot which projects beyond the drapery have been restored by modern artists4 ,the restoration of the arms has often been unsuccessfully attempted4 ,in spite of the mutilated limbs of this marble ,venus1 she holds undisputed sway over the hearts of all beholders4 ,illustration ,hercules4 8,the ,hero40 8,i toil no more ,on earth1 nor wield again the mighty strength ,which ,zeus once gave me for the cure of ills2 ,i have run my race2 ,i have done my work2 ,i rest ,forever from the toilsome days ,i gave ,to the suffering race of men40 --,,wm4 ,,morris4 ,,story4 ,,the ,,demi-,,god4 ,hercules is one of the most significant figures in ,grecian mythology4 ,he was the son of ,jupiter by a mortal maiden named ,alcmene4 ,juno1 who hated the children of her husband by mortal mothers1 declared war against him from his birth4 ,through her decrees there were imposed upon him a succession of desperate undertakings which are called the ,twelve ,labors of ,hercules4 ,the variety and motives of these labors make up a story which might easily be turned into ,christian allegory4 ,through them we learn not only of the strength of ,hercules and his victories over monstrous evils1 but also of his frailties which he vanquished by superhuman will4 ,,interpretation4 ,hercules is a sun hero1 born of the sky 7,jupiter7 and the dawn 7,alcmene74 ,his twelve great tasks are interpreted to represent either the twelve signs of the zodiac1 the twelve months of the solar year1 or the twelve hours of daylight4 ,,art4 8,great ,alcides stooping with his toil ,rests on his club40 --,pope4 ,this colossal statue1 called the ,farnese ,hercules1 was found in #aedj in the ruins of the baths of ,caracalla1 ,rome1 and is now one of the chief attractions of the ,naples ,museum1 where it was placed by the ,farnese family in #agij4 ,there has been much dispute as to its origin1 but the conclusion to which criticism is now pointing is that it was executed by ,glycon in the first century4 ,the anatomy of the figure1 though exaggerated to be in keeping with the character of the hero1 is well worth study4 ,illustration ,venus de ,medici4 ,a large proportion of the statues of ,praxiteles represented the idealized beauty of women1 and with common consent it is admitted that he created the type of ,venus in his celebrated statue called the ,venus of ,cnidus4 ,there is a story that he made two statues of her1 one clothed and the other unclothed4 ,the choice between the two was offered to the people of ,cos1 who1 more modest than artistic1 selected the draped statue4 ,the ,cnidians most joyfully bought the nude ,venus and it was said to have made the seaport town so attractive that people flocked thither from all parts to view the beautiful marble goddess4 ,but this statue has perished4 ,it was seen in its beauty probably about #aej1 ,a4 ,d4 ,all that remain are but feeble echoes of its grace4 ,pausanius tells us that it was a portrait of ,phryne1 who was much beloved by ,praxiteles and often served him as a model4 8,phryne1 thy human lips shall pale1 ,thy rounded limbs decay2 ,not love nor prayer can aught avail ,to bid thy beauty stay4 ,but there thy smile for centuries ,on marble lips shall live2 ,for art can grant what love denies ,and fix the fugitive4 ,and there upon the silent face ,shall unborn ages see ,perennial youth1 perennial grace ,and sealed serenity40 --,w4 ,w4 ,story4 ,,interpretation4 ,the moral conception of ,venus as goddess of the higher and purer love1 especially wedded love and fruitfulness as opposed to mere sensual lust1 was but slowly developed in the course of ages4 ,,art4 ,the ,venus de ,medici claims direct descent from the ,venus of ,cnidus1 and preserves some of the sweet unconsciousness which must have been the special charm of the original4 ,it belongs to the ,grco-,roman period of sculpture and was executed by ,cleomenes4 ,it was found in the ruins of ,portico ,octavio1 passed at once into the possession of the ,medici family1 and is now in the ,tribuna of the ,uffizi1 ,florence4 ,its 8divinity has vanished2 the beautiful humanity alone remains40 ,illustration ,hercules and ,lichas4 8,and ,lichas from the top of ta threw ,into the ,euboic sea40 --,,milton4 ,,story4 ,,death ,,and ,,deification4 8,till the god1 the earthly part forsaken1 ,from the man in flames asunder taken1 ,drank the heavenly ether's purer breath4 ,joyous in the new unwonted lightness1 ,soared he upwards to celestial brightness1 ,earth's dark1 heavy burden lost in death4 ,high ,olympus gives harmonious greeting ,to the hall where reigns his sire adored2 ,youth's bright goddess1 with a blush at meeting1 ,gives the nectar to her lord40 --,schiller4 ,when ,hercules' twelve labors were ended he married ,dejanira and lived in peace with her for three years4 ,one day when they were traveling1 in crossing a river1 the ferryman1 a ,centaur by the name of ,nessus1 endeavored to carry away ,dejanira1 but ,hercules heard her cries and pierced the ,centaur through the heart with one of his poisoned arrows4 ,with dying accents ,nessus professed repentance and begged ,dejanira to take his robe and keep it for its magic power4 8,take ,this white robe4 ,it is costly4 ,see my blood ,has stained it but a little4 ,i did wrong3 ,i know it and repent me4 ,if there come ,a time when he grows cold--for all the race ,of heroes wander1 nor can any love ,fix theirs for long--take him and wrap him in it ,and he shall love again40 --,wm4 ,morris4 ,soon afterwards the news was brought to ,dejanira that ,hercules was in love with ,iola and she sent to him by his page1 ,lichas1 the robe given her by the ,centaur4 ,when ,hercules donned the robe poison seized upon his frame4 8,clasping each limb the tunic racked each joint1 ,convulsive pains1 but when he felt the accurst ,fell serpents' venom batten in his flesh ,he cried aloud for ,lichas1 the ill-starred40 ,lichas vainly denied all knowledge of the treacherous deed1 but ,hercules1 maddened by his agony1 seized him by the foot and hair and hurled him into space4 8,lichas congealed like hail in mid air and turned to stone1 then falling into the ,euboic sea became a rock which still bears his name and retains the human form40 ,hercules wrenched off the garment1 but it stuck to his flesh and with it he tore away whole pieces of his body4 ,in this condition he ascended ,mt4 ta1 where he built a funeral pyre1 and laying himself upon it1 commanded his son to apply the torch4 ,the flames soon put an end to his suffering and his spirit passed in a thunder cloud to ,olympus4 ,dejanira1 seeing the calamity she had unwittingly caused1 took her own life4 ,,interpretation4 ,the slaughter of the ,centaur by ,hercules signifies the dissipation of vapors by the sun4 ,dejanira1 8the destroying spouse10 is daylight1 ,iola the beautiful twilight1 and the bloody robe a sun cloud1 now concealing1 now revealing1 the mangled body of the sun4 ,hercules ends his career in one grand flame1 the emblem of the sun setting in a framework of blazing crimson clouds4 ,,art4 ,this spirited group by ,canova1 in the ,torloni ,palace1 ,rome1 represents ,hercules throwing ,lichas into the sky4 ,the poisoned garment clings most painfully to his body4 ,the lion skin and club have slipped to the base of the altar upon which he was about to offer sacrifice4 ,illustration ,winged ,victory4 8,nike the ,victorious40 8,the herald ,nike first1 ,from the dim resting place unfettered burst ,winged victory over fate and time and death40 ,,story4 ,a ,,heavenly ,,messenger4 ,the ,goddess of ,victory was the daughter of the giant ,pallas and the ,oceanid nymph ,styx4 ,her attributes were a wreath1 a palm branch and a trophy of armor4 ,sometimes she carried a staff as a sign of her power4 ,she floated in the air with outstretched wings or appeared coming down to earth--now pointing the way to a victor1 now placing a wreath upon his brow4 8,haste6 haste6 bring olive-- ,a people's tribute for the people's hour2 ,the gods themselves decree ,to give the immortal dower40 --,annie ,fields4 ,,interpretation4 ,victory was embodied in a winged goddess4 ,in beholding this bold and graceful conception we realize how picturesquely the ,greek fancy personified even passing events4 ,,art4 ,this marble1 one of the most noticeable and interesting in the ,louvre1 is a colossal fragment of a winged ,victory discovered in #ahfc on the ,island of ,samothrace4 ,the head1 arms and feet are lacking4 ,the statue must originally have been at least twelve feet high4 ,the figure seems sweeping down through the air and in the very act of alighting4 ,every fold in the floating garment has a direct purpose1 at first indistinctly manifest1 then widening and finally lost in the general mass4 ,the pediment on which the statue stood represents the prow of a ship1 and makes it clear that it was executed to commemorate a naval victory of the ,athenians off ,cyprus1 #cjf ,b4 ,c4 ,as restored by ,zumbusch1 ,nike holds in one hand a trumpet and in the other a rod intended to support the trophies4 ,illustration ,the ,three ,fates 8,the ,weird ,sisters40 8,twist ye1 twine ye6 even so1 ,mingle shades of joy and woe1 ,hope1 and fear1 and peace1 and strife1 ,in the thread of human life40 --,,scott4 ,,story4 ,,the ,,daughters ,,of ,,night4 8,in their dark ,house of ,cloud ,the three weird sisters toil till time be sped3 ,one unwinds life2 one ever weaves the shroud2 ,one waits to cut the thread40 --,thomas ,bailey ,aldrich4 ,the ,fates were three sisters1 daughters of ,night1 and were named ,clotho 7,spinner71 ,lachesis 7,alotter71 and ,atropos 7,unchangeable74 ,they exercised a great influence over human life from the cradle to the grave4 ,they spent their time spinning a thread of gold1 silver or wool--now tightening1 now slackening1 and at last cutting it off4 ,this occupation was so arranged that ,clotho put the thread around the spindle1 ,lachesis spun it1 and ,atropos1 the eldest1 cut it off-- 8,comes the blind ,fury with the abhorred shears ,and slits the thin spun life40 --,milton4 ,catullus thus gives a description of their spinning-- 8,still as they span1 as they span1 was the tooth kept nipping and smoothing1 ,and to the withered lips clung morsels of wool as they smoothed it-- ,filaments erstwhile rough that stood from the twist of the surface4 ,close at their feet meantime1 were woven baskets of wicker1 ,guarding the soft white balls of the wool resplendent within them4 ,thus then1 parting the strands1 these three with resonant voices ,uttered in chant divine1 predestined sooth of the future-- ,prophecy neither in time1 nor yet in eternity shaken40 ,,interpretation4 ,the three ,fates are the embodiment of a doctrine of ,necessity which has all things within its inexorable grasp4 ,they represent the birth1 life and death of every man--,clotho the birth1 as she holds unwound the thread on the distaff1 ,lachesis the life1 with the thread just passing through her fingers1 ,atropos the death1 as she waits1 holding the shears to cut the thread4 ,,art4 ,these figures in pentelic marble were taken by the agents of ,lord ,elgin from the east pediment of the ,parthenon in #ahja4 ,they were bought by the ,english ,government and are now in the ,british ,museum1 ,london4 ,there are no restorations4 ,the 8blind decrees of ,fate0 recline negligently on rocky ground4 ,two of them seem almost as if about to rise1 the third is leaning on the bosom of her companion4 ,their forms are large and robust1 but at the same time supple and graceful and expressing perfect maturity of womanhood4 ,the flowing folds of their garments reveal as well as conceal the charming outlines of their limbs4 8,the dress is the echo of the form40 ,illustration ,meleager4 8,the ,graceful ,hunter40 8,rock-rooted1 fair with fierce and fastened lips1 ,clear eyes and springing muscles and shortening limb1-- ,with chin aslant indrawn to a tightening throat1 ,grave1 and with gathered sinews1 like a god1-- ,aimed at the left side his well-handled spear1 ,grasped where the ash was knottiest hewn1 and smote1 ,and with no missile wound1 the monstrous boar ,right in the hairiest hollow of his hide1 ,under the last rib1 sheer through bulk and bone1 ,deep in2 and deeply smitten1 and to death4 ,the heavy horror with his hanging shafts ,leapt1 and fell furiously1 and from raging lips ,foamed out the latest wrath of all his life40 --,,swinburne4 ,,story4 ,,the ,,hero ,,of ,,the ,,calydonian ,,hunt4 ,meleager was the son of neus and ,althea1 the king and queen of ,calydon4 ,when he was born the three ,fates foretold that the child would live no longer than a brand then burning upon the hearth4 ,the mother carefully quenched the brand and hid it away and ,meleager grew to manhood4 ,diana1 thinking that she was not duly honored by the people of ,calydonia1 sent a wild boar of enormous size to lay waste the fields4 ,the growing corn1 the vines and olive trees were trampled and destroyed2 the flocks and herds were driven hither and thither in confusion and slaughtered4 ,meleager called all the heroes of ,greece to aid him in putting this monster to death4 ,when they assembled for the hunt1 ,atalanta1 a famous huntress1 appeared1 to the surprise of all4 8,arcadian ,atalanta1 snowy-souled1 ,fair as the snow and footed as the wind40 --,swinburne4 ,after an exciting chase1 with many narrow escapes1 ,atalanta first pierced the boar which was afterwards slain by ,meleager4 ,the hero1 enamoured with the lovely huntress1 bestowed upon her the head of the animal as a trophy of his success4 ,the two uncles of ,meleager1 brothers of ,althea1 were envious of this act and snatched from the maiden the trophy she had received4 ,meleager1 in a rage at the insult1 slew them both4 ,when ,althea saw the bodies of her murdered brothers1 there came upon her a desire for vengeance on her son1 and she brought forth the brand so carefully preserved all the years1 and threw the precious bit of wood upon the hearth4 ,the brand was consumed to ashes and as the last spark flickered out1 ,meleager's life was 8breathed forth to the wandering winds40 ,in remorse for her deed ,althea took her own life4 ,,interpretation4 ,meleager is a solar hero4 ,he slays the boar 7drought71 loves ,atalanta 7dawn7 and is finally slain by his own mother 7twilight74 ,the twilight cannot long survive the setting of the sun4 ,,art4 ,since the taste for classic art has existed this statue has attracted attention4 ,it is said that ,raphael and ,michael ,angelo were filled with admiration when beholding it4 ,there has never been any attempt at restoration of the hand which undoubtedly held a spear4 ,few heads of the hero type can be compared with this for power of expression4 ,meleager's unparalleled virtues and his morbid passion are both represented4 ,the statue is probably a ,roman copy in marble of some celebrated ,greek original in bronze4 ,it is in the ,belvedere of the ,vatican4 ,illustration ,apollo ,musagetes4 8,the ,patron of ,music40 8,to the sun-god all our hearts and lyres1 ,by day1 by night1 belong2 ,and the breath we draw from his living fires ,we give him back in song40 --,,moore4 ,,story4 ,,the ,,leader ,,of ,,the ,,muses4 8,whom all the ,muses loved1 not one alone2-- ,into his hand they put the lyre of gold1 ,and crowned with sacred laurel at their fount1 ,placed him as ,musagetes1 on their throne40 --,longfellow4 ,apollo was skilled in the art of music and sang hymns of his composing to an accompaniment of his own upon a wonderful lyre which ,hermes had made for him4 ,he was the dearly loved leader of the nine ,muses1 and was surnamed ,musagetes4 ,that he should be the god both of music and poetry does not appear strange1 but that medicine should also be assigned to his province may4 ,armstrong1 a physician as well as a poet1 thus explains-- 8,music exalts each joy1 allays each grief1 ,expels diseases1 softens every pain2 ,and hence the wise of ancient days adored ,one power of physic1 melody and song40 ,,interpretation4 ,as the kindly beams of the 8orb of day0 7,apollo7 spread light and warmth over nature there are heard everywhere happy1 joyful sounds1 the music of his lyre4 ,the sun was regarded as the natural restorer of all life and as such his power extended over human ailments and diseases4 ,,art4 ,this statue was found in the ruins of the so-called ,villa of ,cassius in #aggd1 and was added to the ,vatican collection4 ,the rich and flowing draperies in which ,apollo is clothed give the statue an almost feminine fulness of form4 ,although only indifferently executed1 it has a graceful movement which renders it impressive4 ,it is evidently a copy of a famous original1 some critics say of ,scopas4 ,the god is represented as gliding forward in the dance in which he leads the ,muses4 ,illustration ,calliope4 8,the ,beautiful ,voiced40 8,land of the ,muse6 within thy bowers ,her soul entrancing echoes rang4 ,while on their course the rapid hours ,paused at the melody she sang-- ,till every grove and every hill ,and every stream that flowed along ,from morn to night repeated still ,the winning harmony of song40 ,,story4 ,,the ,,muse ,,of ,,poetry4 8,offspring of ,jove1 ,calliope1 once more ,to the bright sun thy hymn of music pour40 --,shelley4 ,calliope1 the fairest of the ,muses and their chief representative1 often appeared before the gods and many of them fell victims to the charms of her sweet voice and graceful manner4 ,but of them all she loved the bright sun god best1 and many were the verses she composed and sang in his honor4 ,he returned her love with ardor4 ,she readily consented to their union and became the proud mother of ,orpheus1 who inherited from his parents great musical and poetic gifts4 ,,interpretation4 ,calliope1 the personification of the light of day and hence associated with ,apollo1 the sun god1 became naturally1 as her voice was song1 the goddess of harmony and finally the ,muse of epic poetry4 ,,art4 ,this statue of the ,muse1 found in #aggd in the ruins of the ,villa of ,cassius1 and now in the ,vatican1 is graceful and artistically excellent4 ,calliope is seated1 her figure slightly bent in meditation4 ,she holds a tablet in her left hand2 while her right is poised in a manner to enhance the expression of thought4 ,she seems to be debating just how best to word her song4 ,there are few works of art in which the artist's conception is more clearly and admirably shown4 ,illustration ,diana4 8,the ,virgin ,huntress40 8,oh6 ,hunter chaste ,of riverside and woods1 and healthy waste1 ,where with thy silver bow and arrows keen1 ,art thou now forested8 ,o woodland queen1 ,what smoother air thy smoother forehead woos8 ,where dost thou listen to the wide haloos ,of thy departed nymphs8 ,through what dark tree ,glimmers thy crescent80 --,,ben ,,jonson4 ,,story4 ,,the ,,moon ,,goddess4 8,goddess serene1 transcending every star6 ,queen of the sky whose beams are seen afar6 ,by night heaven owns thy sway1 by day the grove1 ,when as chaste ,dian1 here thou deign'st to rove40 --,byron4 ,diana was the twin sister of ,apollo4 ,she had many lovers1 but her heart remained cold to all of them until one calm1 clear night1 in bending down from her moon-car over the shadowy1 dream-like earth1 she beheld ,endymion sleeping4 ,at once her heart was warmed by his surpassing beauty1 and gliding gently from her chariot1 she kissed him and watched lovingly over him while he slept4 8,chaste ,artemis1 who guides the lunar car1 ,the pale nocturnal vigils ever keeping1 ,sped through the silent space from star to star1 ,and1 blushing1 stooped to kiss ,endymion sleeping40 --,boyesen4 ,partly awakened1 ,endymion rested his eyes for an instant upon the bright maiden ere she vanished1 but that one glance kindled a great passion in his heart4 ,diana descended night after night to caress him while he slept1 and even while wrapped in slumber he watched for her coming and enjoyed the bliss of her presence4 ,at last she threw over him the spell of eternal sleep and1 that none might know of her passion1 concealed him in a cave1 where she continued always to come and gaze enraptured upon his face and press soft kisses upon his lips4 8,queen of the wide air2 thou most lovely queen1 ,of all the brightness that mine eyes have seen2 ,as thou exceedest all things in thy shrine1 ,so every tale does this sweet tale of thine40 --,keats4 ,,interpretation4 8,this story suggests aspiring and poetic love1 a life spent more in dreams than in reality1 and an early and welcome death40 ,mueller1 the great authority on philology1 says that in ancient language the people said1 8,diana kisses ,endymion to sleep10 instead of1 8,it is night40 ,some mythologists consider ,endymion the personification of sleep4 ,,art4 ,this beautiful representation of the gentle goddess of night in the ,braccio ,nuovo of the ,vatican1 was found in the ruins of ,hadrian's ,villa1 on the ,tiber4 ,diana1 in a very graceful attitude1 with head bowed and hands outstretched1 rapturously gazes at her sleeping lover4 ,the forearms are modern1 but the restoration is in admirable keeping with the motive and is undoubtedly correct4 ,illustration ,sleeping ,ariadne4 8,high upon the hill of ,drios1 ,as the day began to waken1 ,all alone sat ,ariadne1 ,watching1 weary and forsaken4 ,and with sighing of the pine-trees ,by the low wind gently shaken1 ,all day long in mournful snatches ,rose the plaint of ,ariadne1 ,watching1 weary and forsaken40 --,,thomas ,,davidson4 ,,story4 ,,the ,,deserted ,,princess4 ,minos1 the king of ,crete1 in revenge for the death of his son1 slain by the ,athenians1 exacted a yearly tribute from them of youths and maidens4 ,theseus1 a valiant youth of ,athens1 offered himself as one of the victims of this tribute1 with the intention of slaying the ,minotaur1 a hideous monster to whom ,minos was in the habit of feeding his captives4 ,the cave in which the ,minotaur was confined was a labyrinth so constructed that no man who entered could find means to escape before he was met and devoured4 ,the king's fair daughter saw and fell in love with ,theseus4 ,she gave him a sword and a clue of thread so that he was enabled to slay the ,minotaur and find his way out of the labyrinth4 8,and the slender clue ,prepared in secret by the enamoured maid1 ,through the curved labyrinth his steps conveyed40 --,catullus4 ,fearing the wrath of her father1 ,ariadne fled with ,theseus to the ,island of ,naxos4 ,but ,theseus1 ungrateful and selfish1 deserted her while she was sleeping1 and setting sail to his ship1 was soon borne away4 ,,interpretation4 ,theseus is the sun3 he slays the ,minotaur 7the terrible monster of darkness71 and carries off ,ariadne 7dawn74 ,ariadne is forced to share the woes of all who love the sun god1 and must be abandoned4 ,,art4 ,the eventful sleep of ,ariadne on the ,island of ,naxos1 during which ,theseus deserted her1 is here represented4 ,it is an unquiet sleep as denoted by the attitude and the disorder of the beautiful but complicated drapery4 ,the uneven surface1 upon which the body reclines1 causes it to be slightly drawn together1 and adds to the idea of unrest4 ,the gentle droop of the head1 the relaxed1 curving arms1 and the languid air of sleep make the figure extremely graceful and feminine1 though almost colossal in size4 ,the statue has been in the ,louvre since the time of ,pope ,julius ,,ii4 ,illustration ,ariadne4 8,the daughter of a king1 how should ,i know ,that there were tinsels wearing face of gold1 ,and worthless glass1 which in the sunlight's hold ,could shameless answer back my diamond's glow ,with cheat of kindred fire8 ,the current slow ,and deep and strong and stainless1 which has rolled ,through royal veins for ages1 what had told ,to them that hasty heat and lie could show ,as quick and warm and red as theirs8 ,go free6 ,the sun is breaking on the sea's blue shield ,its golden lances3 by their gleams ,i see ,thy ship's white sails4 ,go free if scorn can yield ,thee freedom6 ,then alone1 my love and ,i1-- ,we both are royal3 we know how to die40 --,,helen ,,hunt4 ,,story4 ,,marriage ,,of ,,bacchus ,,and ,,ariadne4 ,the island where ,ariadne was left when deserted by ,theseus was a favorite haunt of ,bacchus1 the young god of wine4 ,in wandering over the rocks one day1 he came across ,ariadne as she sat lamenting her fate4 ,her distress appealed to him1 and in consoling her he became charmed with her beauty4 ,his devotion and admiration caused her to forget her faithless lover1 and1 after a short courtship1 ,bacchus won her for his wife4 ,the bridegroom presented the bride with a golden crown adorned with seven glittering gems4 ,shortly after the marriage1 however1 ,ariadne sickened and died4 ,the broken-hearted ,bacchus took the crown and flung it into space1 where1 growing in brightness1 it became a beautiful constellation known as ,ariadne's crown or corona4 8,and still her sign is seen in heaven1 ,and1 midst the glittering symbols of the sky1 ,the starry crown of ,ariadne glides40 --,apollonius ,rhodius4 ,,interpretation4 ,as the female semblance of ,bacchus1 ,ariadne appears to have been a promoter of vegetation4 ,she alternated between the joy of spring and the melancholy of winter4 ,by some mythologists she is thought to have been connected with star-worship4 ,,art4 ,this statue is the most celebrated work of the distinguished ,german sculptor1 ,dannecker 7#ageh-ahda74 ,it is known to many people the world over through the generosity of ,herr ,bethmann of ,frankfort1 who admits visitors to his gallery1 and from the many casts and pictures made of it4 ,the author did not choose the more touching and poetic character in which to represent ,ariadne4 ,she is here no longer the deserted and desolate one1 but the triumphant bride of the god of the vintage4 ,the figure1 which is larger than life1 reclines on the back of a clumsy panther4 ,the body and limbs are finely modeled1 and the attitude is graceful and pleasing4 ,some critic has remarked that this statue makes the conduct of ,theseus inexcusable4 ,illustration ,minerva4 8,the ,wise40 8,from his awful head ,whom ,jove brought forth1 in warlike armor drest1 ,golden1 all radiant40 --,,shelley4 ,,story4 ,,the ,,divinity ,,of ,,athens4 8,her home was on the radiant shores ,where snow-white ,athens shines2 ,how beautiful her servitors1 ,how stately were her shrines6 ,and how from farthest east and west1 ,and by the unknown sea1 ,what goddess was so well beloved1 ,so much revered as she80 ,minerva was the daughter of ,jupiter and was said to have leaped forth from his brain mature and in complete armor4 ,she was warlike in her tendencies1 but it was defensive war only with which she was in sympathy4 ,as a goddess of storms and battles the ,greeks called her ,athene1 and as she also possessed gentle characteristics1 she was styled ,pallas4 ,she was the goddess of wisdom1 of weaving and of agriculture1 and was forever a virgin1 scorning the affections which were frequently offered her4 ,as the especial divinity of the people of ,athens she put to flight a deity named ,dullness1 who had ruled there4 8,ere ,pallas issued from the ,thunderer's head1 ,dullness o'er all possessed her ancient right1 ,daughter of ,chaos and ,eternal ,night40 --,pope4 ,many temples and altars were dedicated to ,minerva1 the most celebrated of all being the ,parthenon at ,athens4 ,,interpretation4 ,minerva is a dawn goddess4 ,her ,greek name1 ,athene1 from the ,sanskrit ahana1 means the 8light of daybreak40 ,she springs from the 8dark forehead of the broad heavens10 searches out the dark corners1 and fills all with her light4 ,this conception of penetrating scrutiny passes readily into the idea of wisdom4 ,the ,latin ,minerva1 is connected with mens1 the ,english mind4 ,,art4 ,it is easy to recognize statues of ,minerva1 as she wears an gis or mantle of goatskin 7the emblem of the storm-cloud71 the clasp of which is the head of ,medusa1 won for her by ,perseus4 ,it has been suggested that this head so worn has an inner meaning1 and that it is intended for a symbol of evil which1 though always present1 may be made powerless by virtue4 ,this well executed statue of ,minerva in the ,capitol1 ,rome1 is a direct offspring of the colossal creation in ivory and gold by ,phidias which stood in the ,parthenon4 ,the energetic1 warlike figure is short and thick-set4 ,the folds of the drapery1 especially that of the upper garment1 are sharp and angular4 ,illustration ,euterpe4 8,the ,charmer40 8,who can bar the way of song8 ,who can do the ,muse a wrong8 ,sooner may the stream be reined1 ,or the noonday sunbeams chained40 --,,edith ,m4 ,,thomas4 ,,story4 ,,the ,,nine ,,muses4 8,nine sisters1 beautiful in form and face1 ,came from their convent on the shining heights ,of ,pierus1 the mountain of delights1 ,to dwell among the people at its base4 ,then seemed the world to change4 ,all time and space1 ,splendor of cloudless days and starry nights1 ,and men and manners1 and all sounds and sights ,had a new meaning1 a diviner grace40 --,longfellow4 ,the ,muses were the daughters of ,jupiter and ,mnemosyne 7memory71 and were born at ,pieria on ,mt4 ,olmypus4 ,to each was assigned some particular department of literature1 art or science1 over which she reigned as goddess4 ,euterpe presided over the art of music and was called the 8mistress of song40 ,thalia was ,muse of comedy and burlesque1 ,melpomene of tragedy1 ,urania of astronomy1 ,terpsichore of dance1 ,erato of love poetry1 ,polyhymnia of sacred poetry1 ,calliope of heroic poetry1 and ,clio of history4 ,,interpretation4 ,euterpe is the personification of those lofty aspirations of mortals which find expression in music4 ,the name ,euterpe means giver of pleasure4 ,,art4 ,this finely executed statue of ,euterpe is in the ,louvre and is believed to be a copy from ,scopas4 ,the pose and attitude are remarkable for regal grace4 ,the arrangement of the draperies is unique4 ,illustration ,orpheus and ,eurydice4 8,but give them me1 the mouth1 the eyes1 the brow2 ,let them once more absorb me6 ,one look now ,will lap me round forever1 not to pass ,out of its light1 though darkness lie beyond3 ,hold me but safe within the bond ,of one immortal look6 ,all woe that was1 ,forgotten1 and all terror that may be ,defied1--no past is mine1 no future3 look at me40 --,,browning4 ,,story4 ,a ,,pathetic ,,legend4 8,such notes as warbled to the string ,drew iron tears down ,pluto's cheek ,and made ,hell grant what ,love did seek40 ,orpheus and his beloved wife1 ,eurydice1 were constant companions1 but one day ,eurydice trod upon a poisonous snake1 was bitten on the foot1 and soon died4 ,her spirit was borne into ,hades by ,mercury4 ,the husband1 left desolate1 boldly made his way into the land of shadows1 presented himself before the throne of ,pluto and ,proserpine1 and1 with the aid of his lyre1 persuaded them to again unite the thread of ,eurydice's life4 8,hell consented ,to hear the ,poet's prayer2 ,stern ,proserpine relented ,and gave him back the fair40 --,pope4 ,eurydice was permitted to return to earth on condition that1 as she followed her husband from the regions of the dead1 he should not look behind him4 ,conducted by ,mercury1 they had all but passed the fatal limits of that gloomy world when ,orpheus1 no longer able to restrain his impatience1 looked back1 and so lost once more and forever his beloved ,eurydice4 ,,interpretation4 ,eurydice1 whose name comes from a ,sanskrit word denoting the broad-spreading blush of dawn across the sky1 is a personification of that light slain by the serpent of darkness at twilight4 ,orpheus is sometimes considered as the sun1 and the dawn 7,eurydice7 reappears opposite the place where he disappeared2 as the dawn is no longer seen after the sun has fairly risen1 the ancients said1 8,orpheus has turned round too soon to look at ,eurydice1 and so is parted from the wife he loves40 ,,art4 ,this marble relief1 in the ,villa ,albani1 ,naples1 is a fine illustration of one of the leading principles of ,greek art--extreme moderation in the expression of passion4 ,the greatest grief is most delicately yet most intensely expressed by a few voiceless gestures4 ,orpheus1 guided by ,mercury1 is leading ,eurydice back from ,hades4 ,contrary to his contract1 he turns with irresistible longing to look at her before they are entirely past the portals4 ,eurydice lovingly puts her hand on his shoulder4 ,but now their parting must come4 ,orpheus' bitterness at his fate is expressed by his hand1 which moves toward the hand of his beloved4 ,mercury1 sad and pitying1 takes her by the other hand to lead her again 8down the darkling ways40 ,illustration ,bacchus4 8,the ,god of ,many ,names40 8,the jolly god in triumph comes2 ,sound the trumpets1 beat the drums2 ,flushed with a purple grace ,he shows his honest face2 ,now give the hautboys breath3 he comes1 he comes1 ,bacchus1 ever fair and young40 --,,dryden4 ,,story4 ,,the ,,god ,,of ,,wine4 8,in chorus we sing of wine1 sweet wine1 ,its power benign1 and its flavor divine40 --,martenz de la ,rosa4 ,bacchus1 the youngest of the gods1 was the son of ,jupiter and ,semele4 ,his mother1 instigated by the jealous ,juno1 who appeared to her in disguise1 demanded of ,jupiter that he should reveal himself to her in all his power and majesty4 ,jupiter unwillingly complied and1 making his thunder bolts milder than usual1 appeared before her4 ,the lightning which played about his head set fire to the palace and ,semele was consumed4 ,the child1 ,bacchus1 was snatched from the flames by his brother ,mercury and borne away to the nymphs1 who guarded him most faithfully4 ,while still a youth ,bacchus was appointed god of wine4 ,spring was a season of gladness for him1 winter a time of sorrow4 ,he delighted in roaming over the world borne by his followers or riding in his chariot drawn by wild beasts4 ,his train was composed of men and women1 nymphs1 fauns and satyrs who drank wine made from water and sunshine1 ate grapes1 and sang the praises of their leader4 8,we follow ,bacchus6 ,bacchus on the wing1 ,a-conquering6 ,bacchus1 young ,bacchus6 good or ill betide1 ,we dance before him through kingdoms wide40 --,keats4 ,,interpretation4 ,semele is the personification of a fertile soil in spring which brings forth the productive vine4 ,bacchus is regarded as the spiritual form of the new vernal life1 the sap of vegetation as manifest in the juice of the grape4 ,the orgies were but a poetic incarnation of blithe1 spiritual youth4 ,the idea of ,bacchus is not a simple one4 ,his many titles have given rise to an almost endless number of variations of his story which are in many cases inconsistent and complicated4 ,,art4 ,of the many representations of ,bacchus this statue in the ,naples ,museum is considered one of the most lovely4 ,it is full of gladness and is simple1 delicate and beautiful4 ,the child ,bacchus is carried on the shoulders of a faun4 ,he holds a bunch of grapes in one hand and clasps the head of the faun with the other4 ,the faun is playing on cymbals and looks back and up at ,bacchus with a happy smile4 ,illustration ,apollo and ,daphne4 8,was it not well1 ,apollo1 for revenge ,of thine1 my stronghold should imprison me8 ,surely thou art content4 ,no dream of thine ,for mockery1 because ,i loved thee not1 ,could have matched bitterness with this1 this spell ,that holds me fast in answer to my prayer4 ,then crown thy lyre1 if thou wilt so1 ,with my unwilling leaves4 ,and let them be ,symbol to men1 of triumph2 nay1 but hear2 ,to thee1 memorial that ,i whisper now3 ,the eternal thing thou shall not overtake1 ,token of ,daphne whom thou couldst not thrall1 ,and ,song that hath the sov'reignty1--not thou40 --,j4 ,p4 ,,peabody4 ,,story4 ,,apollo',s ,,first ,,love4 ,one bright morning ,daphne1 a charming nymph with flowing hair and sparkling eyes1 was sporting in the forest4 ,apollo1 passing by1 saw the maiden and forthwith fell in love with her4 ,he longed to obtain her1 but before he could reach her side she fled4 ,he called to her to dismiss her fears and listen to his love4 ,he assured her of his sincerity1 of his standing4 8,you fly1 alas1 not knowing whom you fly1 ,no ill-bred swain1 nor rustic clown am ,i40 --,prior4 ,but ,daphne continued her flight1 pausing not a moment to listen to his plea4 ,apollo pursued and gained upon her in the race4 ,she called upon her father1 the river god1 for protection4 8,help60 she cried1 8open the earth to enclose me or change my form which has brought me into this danger40 ,a moment more and her feet seemed rooted to the ground4 ,a rough bark enclosed her quivering limbs4 ,the woodiness crept upward and by degrees invested her whole body4 ,her trembling hands were filled with leaves4 ,she was changed into a laurel tree4 ,apollo1 reaching out to embrace her1 clasped the still warm tree and showered kisses on its leaves4 8,i espouse thee for my tree2 ,be thou the prize of honor and renown2 ,the deathless poet and the poem crown3 ,thou shalt the ,roman festivals adorn1 ,but after poets be by victors worn40 --,dryden4 ,,interpretation4 ,daphne is a personification of the morning dew which vanishes beneath the sun's hot rays and leaves no trace of its passage except in luxuriant verdure4 ,,art4 ,this remarkable group was executed by ,bernini--sometimes called ,michael ,angelo the second--when he was but eighteen years old1 and is now in the ,villa ,borghese1 ,rome4 ,near the close of his long life ,bernini declared that he had made little progress after its production4 ,the flying nymph is seized by the young god and is already being changed into a laurel tree4 ,the upraised hands are terminated by twigs and leaves instead of fingers4 ,the wonderful manner in which the lower limbs are barked about is difficult to describe4 ,the technical details and mechanical skill of this group excel anything of the kind ever attempted1 and the work is such as would beforehand have been pronounced an impossibility4 ,illustration ,proserpine4 8,the ,maiden40 8,what ails her that she comes not home8 ,demeter seeks her far and wide1 ,and gloomy browed doth ceaseless roam ,from many a morn till eventide4 #8,my life1 immortal though it be1 ,is naught6' she cried1 #8for want of thee1 ,persephone1 ,persephone4'0 --,,jean ,,ingelow4 ,,story4 ,,the ,,abduction4 8',tis he6 'tis he6 he comes to us ,from the depths of ,tartarus4 ,for what of evil doth he roam ,from his red and gloomy home80 --,barry ,cornwall4 ,pluto1 the king of ,hades1 stole ,proserpine from her mother1 ,ceres1 while she was playing in the flowery fields and bore her away to reign with him as his queen in the gloomy regions of the dead4 ,for days the sorrowing mother wandered far and wide searching for her dearly loved child4 ,the earth which had so long obtained her favors was neglected4 ,the cattle died1 the seed failed to germinate1 there was drought1 thistles and brambles were the only growth and famine threatened the people4 ,one day a water nymph1 who heard the lament of ,ceres1 told her that as she had passed through the lower parts of the earth in her endeavor to escape from a too ardent lover1 she had seen ,proserpine reigning as the bride of the monarch there4 ,ceres hastened to ,jupiter and implored him to restore her daughter1 promising that when she beheld her again the earth should be restored to fruitfulness1 and 8,at last ,zeus himself ,pitying the evil that was done1 sent forth ,his messenger beyond the western rim ,to fetch me back to earth40 --,lewis ,morris4 ,but the release of ,proserpine was not complete4 ,jupiter's law must be obeyed1 but ,pluto1 before he let her go1 persuaded her to eat a morsel of pomegranate by which he cast upon her a spell that would oblige her to return to him1 for half of the year1 while the other half she could spend with her mother4 ,as soon as ,proserpine returned to earth ,ceres cheerfully and diligently attended to her duties and all was blessed with plenty4 ,but when six months were gone all nature mourned and wept1 for ,proserpine left the bright world and returned to the darkness of ,hades4 ,,interpretation4 ,pluto1 8the unseen10 8the wealth giver10 greedily drew all things down to his dismal abode4 ,hades was a prison or storehouse containing the germs of all future harvests1 and in spite of its darkness was regarded as a land of great riches4 ,ceres1 the earth mother1 expresses the gloom which falls on the earth during the cheerless months of winter4 ,proserpine1 spring1 typifies the yearly blooming of the flowers and the growth of the corn from the seed1 and hence was obliged to dwell in the dismal underworld during the dark days of winter1 but could return with each spring to give gladness and fertility to the mourning earth4 ,,art4 ,this group1 called the 8,rape of ,proserpine10 the work of ,bernini1 is in the ,villa ,ludovisi1 ,rome4 ,it has received much adverse criticism1 but has also been greatly admired4 ,it represents ,pluto holding ,proserpine in his brawny arms and1 in spite of her struggles1 carrying her off to ,hades4 ,in artistic excellence it does not compare with 8,apollo and ,daphne10 which ,bernini executed much earlier in life4 ,illustration ,cupid4 8,the ,child ,angel of ,mythology40 8,though little be the ,god of love1 ,yet his arrows mighty are1 ,and his victories above ,what the valiant reach by war4 ,nor are his limits with the sky2 ,o'er the ,milky ,way he'll fly1 ,and sometimes wound a deity40 --,,shirley4 ,,story4 ,,the ,,boy-,,god ,,of ,,love4 8,for ,venus did but boast a son1 ,the rosy ,cupid was that boasted one4 ,he1 uncontrolled thro' heaven extends his sway1 ,and gods and goddesses by turns obey40 --,eusden4 ,cupid was the beautiful but mischievous son of ,venus4 ,he was never without his bow and quiver of arrows1 and whoever was hit by one of his magic darts straightway fell in love4 ,the wound was at once a pain and a delight4 ,some traditions say that he shot blindfold1 his aim seemed so often at random4 8,with bandaged eyes he never sees ,around1 below1 above4 ,his blinding light ,he flingeth white ,on ,god's and ,satan's brood1 ,and reconciles ,by mystic wiles ,the evil and the good40 --,emerson4 ,although nursed with tender solicitude1 he did not grow as other children1 but remained a small1 rosy1 chubby child with gauzy wings and dimpled face4 ,alarmed for his health1 ,venus consulted ,themis 7,law71 who oracularly replied1 8,he is solitary2 if he had a brother he would grow apace40 ,in vain the goddess strove to catch the subtile significance of the answer4 ,when ,anteros1 god of passion1 was born1 the secret was revealed4 ,when with his brother1 ,cupid grew until he became a graceful1 slender youth1 but when away from him he always resumed his childlike form and bewildering pranks4 ,,interpretation4 ,cupid was the lord of the dawn4 ,to a youthful race of men love was like a 8morn radiating with heavenly splendor over their souls1 pervading their hearts with a glowing warmth1 purifying their whole being like a fresh breeze1 and illuminating the whole world around them with a new light40 ,to express this feeling1 the dawn of love1 there was but one similitude1--the blush of day1 the rising of the sun4 ,they said 8,the sun has risen0 where we say 8,i love40 ,,art4 ,cupid makes one of the most attractive subjects in sculpture4 ,we know him at a glance1 whether beside his mother1 with ,psyche1 or alone4 ,the ,cupid of the illustration is the work of ,michael ,angelo4 ,it was discovered forty years ago hidden away in the cellars of the ,ruccelli ,palace1 ,florence1 and passed by purchase into the possession of the ,english nation and is now in the ,south ,kensington ,museum4 ,cupid is seen in the statue as a well-grown youth1 a noble conception of the young god4 ,he seems to stand for a love that is determined1 for a love that conquers every obstacle4 ,he has dropped on one knee to take an arrow from the ground4 ,in his raised left hand he holds the bow4 ,illustration ,vulcan4 8,the ,crippled ,artist ,god40 8,he made the gods their golden shoes1 ,and shod their steeds with brass40 ,,story4 ,,the ,,god ,,of ,,fire4 8,those who labor ,the sweaty forge1 who edge the crooked scythe1 ,bend stubborn steel1 and harden gleaming armor1 ,acknowledge ,vulcan's aid40 --,prior4 ,vulcan1 the son of ,jupiter1 was born lame4 ,he was flung from ,olympus by his mother1 ,juno1 who hated him for his deformity1 and he fell into the sea1 where the mother of ,achilles found him4 ,he made for her son a shield1 which was a wonderfully clever piece of handiwork4 ,many celebrated pieces of metal work were ascribed to ,vulcan4 ,in revenge for his mother's cruel treatment of him1 he fashioned a cunningly devised throne which held her by invisible bonds against her will4 ,the thunder bolts of ,jupiter1 the trident of ,neptune and the girdle of ,venus all came from his workshop4 ,,interpretation4 ,the word ,vulcan means the brightness of the flame4 ,vulcan is represented as lame and puny at birth because the flame comes from a tiny spark4 ,he dwells in the heart of volcanoes where the intense heat keeps the metals malleable so that he can mould them at will4 ,,art4 8,at ,venus' entreaty for ,cupid1 her son1 ,these arrows by ,vulcan are cunningly done4 ,the first is ,love1 as here you may behold1 ,his feathers1 head and body are of gold1 ,the second shaft is ,hate1 a foe to ,love1 ,and bitter are his torments for to prove2 ,the third is ,hope1 from which our comfort springs1 ,his feathers they are pulled from fortune's wings2 ,fourth1 ,jealousy in basest minds doth dwell3 ,his metal ,vulcan's ,cyclops sent from ,hell40 --,peake4 ,thorwaldsen's favorite branch of sculpture was bas relief1 in which he excelled4 ,one of his numerous works in this department shows ,vulcan forging arrows for ,cupid4 ,he is represented as an aged man hammering at his forge and indicating by his attitude the lameness with which1 according to the myth1 he was afflicted1 but with such delicacy as in no wise to detract from the god-like dignity of his figure4 ,illustration ,perseus4 8,child of the ,morning40 8,for now behind her unseen1 ,perseus passed1 ,and silently whirled the great sword round2 ,and when it fell1 she fell upon the ground1 ,and felt no more of all her bitter pain40 --,,wm4 ,,morris4 ,,story4 ,,the ,,slaying ,,of ,,the ,,gorgon4 ,perseus was sent by the tyrant1 ,polydictes1 to attempt the conquest of the ,gorgon1 ,medusa1 a terrible monster1 whose hair was hissing1 writhing snakes1 and who possessed petrifying power sufficient to turn all beholders into stone4 ,perseus1 favored by the gods and well equipped by them1 sought the home of the ,gorgons4 ,he was rendered invisible by ,pluto's helmet1 and drew near without detection4 ,minerva had loaned him her mirror-like shield and1 watching in it the reflected form of ,medusa1 he severed her head and seizing it1 bore it swiftly away to ,polydictes1 who1 upon beholding it1 turned to stone4 ,,interpretation4 ,perseus1 the sun1 8destroyer of evil and noxious things10 is forced by ,polydictes1 darkness1 to journey to the home of the ,gorgons1 gloaming1 and conquer ,medusa1 the star-lit heaven marred by ghastly vapors which stream like dark serpents across it4 ,,art4 ,this ,perseus1 by ,canova1 is in the ,belvedere of the ,vatican4 ,it is a beautifully finished statue in which the artist evidently imitated the ,apollo ,belvedere4 ,the head of ,medusa is that of a young and lovely woman1 with the serpents arranged about her face like curling hair--yet ,canova has succeeded in giving her that expression of 8freezing disdain which pierces the very soul40 ,illustration ,hebe4 8,the ,ever ,young40 8,hebe honored them of all ,ministered nectar and from cups of gold ,they pledged each other40 --,,homer4 ,,story4 ,,the ,,cup-,,bearer4 ,hebe was the daughter of ,jupiter and ,juno4 ,she waited upon the gods and filled their cups with nectar with which it was their wont to pledge each other4 ,but one day she awkwardly tripped and fell1 and was forced to resign her office to ,ganymede4 ,she married ,hercules after he was received among the gods4 ,later traditions represent her as a divinity who had it in her power to make aged persons young again4 ,,interpretation4 ,hebe1 the goddess of youth1 embodies the fleeting nature of human existence1 particularly the delightful and elusive stage of youth4 8,coy ,hebe flies from those that woo ,and shuns the hands would seize upon her3 ,follow thy life and she will sue ,to pour for thee the cup of honor40 --,lowell4 ,,art4 ,this poetic creation in the ,national ,gallery1 ,london1 was executed by ,canova4 ,the buoyant ,hebe is purely beautiful as she springs away like the joy of youth4 ,the light drapery does not interfere with the floating movement4 ,in one hand she lifts high the vase of ambrosia1 and in the other holds a goblet4 ,illustration ,ganymede and the ,eagle4 8,there too flushed ,ganymede1 his rosy thigh ,half buried in the eagle's down1 ,sole as a flying star shot through the sky ,above the pillared town40 --,,tennyson4 ,,story4 ,a ,,trojan ,,prince4 8,eagle pinions1 swift as thought1 ,ganymede to heaven brought1 ,stolen from the plains of ,troy1 ,loved of gods1 immortal boy6 ,still a stranger in the skies1 ,ganymede in heaven sighs40 --,edith ,m4 ,thomas4 ,jupiter was obliged to go in quest of another cup bearer to replace ,hebe after she resigned her position4 ,to facilitate this search1 he assumed the form of an eagle and winged his flight over the earth4 ,he had not flown far when he beheld ,ganymede1 a youth of marvelous beauty1 alone on ,mt4 ,ida4 ,to swoop down1 clutch him in his mighty talons and bear him safely off to ,olympus1 was the work of but a few moments4 ,there the kidnapped youth1 the son of the king of ,troy1 was carefully taught the duties he was called upon to perform4 ,,interpretation4 ,like ,hebe1 ,ganymede personifies youth4 ,astronomers place him among the stars under the name of ,aquarius4 ,there is but little growth of mythical tradition about his personality4 ,,art4 ,this pleasing composition1 referred by critics to the ,alexandrian period1 now in the ,naples ,museum1 shows ,ganymede standing by the side of the eagle and passing his arm about the bird's neck4 ,the eagle is placed on a stump so as to bring his head nearer to a level with the boy's arm4 ,illustration ,cupid ,stung4 8,cupid once upon a bed ,of roses laid his weary head2 ,luckless urchin1 not to see ,within the leaves a slumbering bee4 ,the bee awaked--with anger wild ,the bee awaked1 and stung the child ,loud and piteous are his cries2 ,to ,venus quick he runs1 he flies2 #8,oh1 mother--,i am wounded through--,i die with pain--in sooth ,i do6 ,stung by some little angry thing1 ,some serpent on a tiny wing--,a bee it was--for once ,i know1 ,i heard a rustic call it so4' ,thus he spoke1 and she the while ,heard him with a soothing smile2 ,then said1 #8,my infant1 if so much ,thou feel the little wild-bee's touch1 ,how must the heart1 ah1 ,cupid1 be1 ,the hapless heart that's stung by thee6'0 --,moore4 7,anacreon47 ,illustration ,cupid and ,psyche4 8,pallas shall sit enthroned in wisdom's station ,cupid and ,psyche be forever wed1 ,and still the primal loveliest creation ,yield new delight from ancient beauty bred40 --,e4 ,c4 ,,stedman4 ,,story4 ,a ,,fairy ,,tale4 8,no dulcet sounds escaped her lyre ,e'en when the summer nights were nigh2 ,till ,cupid came with glance of fire ,and taught her all the mystery40 --,goethe4 ,psyche was the youngest of three daughters of a king and by her beauty incurred the jealousy and envy of ,venus1 who commanded her son1 ,cupid1 to slay her4 ,cupid prepared to obey the command1 but became so stricken with ,psyche's beauty that he fell in love with her and sent a ,zephyr to convey her to a splendid palace where he became her husband4 ,he visited her1 however1 only when the shades of night fell and entreated her to make no attempt to discover his name or see his face1 warning her that if she did he would be forced to leave her1 never to return4 8,dear1 ,i am with thee only while ,i keep ,my visage hidden3 and if thou once shouldst see ,my face1 ,i must forsake thee3 the high gods ,link ,love with ,faith1 and he withdraws himself ,from the full gaze of ,knowledge40 --,lewis ,morris4 ,psyche promised to respect his wishes and when the first faint streak of dawn appeared he bade her farewell to return at night4 8,now on broad pinions from the realms above ,descending1 ,cupid seeks the ,cyprian grove2 ,to his wide arms enamoured ,psyche springs ,and clasps her lover with aurelian wings4 ,a purple sash across his shoulder bends ,and fringed with gold his quivered shaft suspends40 --,darwin4 ,while the novelty of the situation lasted ,psyche was happy1 but soon her sisters came and filled her bosom with dark suspicions4 8,they told her that he to whose vows she had listened ,through night's fleeting hours was a spirit unblest2 ,unholy the eyes that beside her had glistened ,and evil the lips she in darkness had pressed4 ,when next in thy chamber the bridegroom reclineth ,bring near him thy lamp when in slumber he lies1 ,and when the light o'er his dark features shineth ,thou'll see what a demon has won all thy sighs40 --,moore4 ,psyche's curiosity and suspicions overcame her discretion and accordingly when ,cupid was asleep she took a lamp and1 bending over him1 beheld not a hideous monster1 but the most beautiful of the gods4 ,in the excitement of joy and fear1 a drop of hot oil fell from the lamp upon his shoulder4 ,he opened his eyes and fixed them full upon her1 then spreading his white wings1 flew away only stopping long enough to say3 8,farewell--what a dream thy suspicion hath broken6 ,thus ever affection's fond vision is crost4 ,dissolved are her spells when a doubt is but spoken1 ,and love once disturbed forever is lost40 --,moore4 ,psyche1 disconsolate1 wandered over the earth seeking her lover1 and at length came to the palace of ,venus4 ,venus retained her as a slave and imposed upon her the hardest and most humiliating labors4 ,she would have perished but that ,cupid1 who still loved her in secret1 invisibly comforted her4 ,one day he found her asleep by the roadside with the marks of grief upon her lovely face4 ,he softly kissed her and said3 8,dear1 unclose thine eyes1 ,thou mayst look on me now1 ,i go no more1 ,but am thine own forever40 --,lewis ,morris4 ,he bore her away to ,mt4 ,olympus where their union was blessed by the gods4 8,so now in steadfast love and happy state1 ,they hold for aye their mansion in the sky1 ,and send down heavenly peace on those who mate1 ,in virgin love1 to find their joy thereby40 --,robert ,bridges4 ,,interpretation4 ,cupid is an emblem of the heart4 ,the ,greek word for butterfly is ,psyche and the same word means soul4 8,the butterfly the ancient ,grecians made ,the soul's fair emblem40 --,coleridge4 ,the purpose of the story is to illustrate the three stages in the existence of a soul--its pre-existence in a blessed state1 its existence on earth1 its trials and anguish1 and its future state of happy immortality4 ,,art4 ,one of the most beautiful of the many representations of this fascinating story is ,canova's statue in the ,louvre of ,cupid awakening ,psyche4 ,we cannot fail to have an exalted conception of true beauty after gazing upon it4 ,it has been said that no kiss in modern art is so ideal as the one here enjoyed4 ,the youthful figures show grace of form combined with an exalted spirituality4 ,only a refined nature could have conceived the subject so purely4 ,illustration ,mercury4 8,the ,master ,thief40 8,by thy winged cap ,and winged heels ,i know thee3 thou art ,hermes1 ,captain of thieves6 ,hast thou again been stealing heifers of ,admetus in the sweet ,meadows of ,asphodel80 --,,longfellow4 ,,story4 ,,the ,,theft4 ,mercury was remarkable for his dexterity and cunning4 ,on the day of his birth he stole the 8immortal oxen0 of ,apollo and drove them off to a secluded spot where he concealed them4 ,when ,apollo missed his cattle he began to search for some clue to their hiding place or to the thief1 but found nothing except a few broken limbs and scattered twigs4 ,suddenly he remembered that the babe whose birth had been announced that morning in high ,olympus1 had been appointed god of thieves4 ,he soon discovered the young rogue hidden away in his cradle4 ,mercury put on a pretty air of innocence and denied all knowledge of the cattle2 but ,apollo was not easily deceived4 ,he took the thief to ,jupiter1 who ordered him to make restitution4 ,mercury gave his lyre to ,apollo who presented him in return with the divining rod1 which afterwards became the caduceus1 and they were then the best of friends4 ,although ,mercury in his lowest aspects was an accomplished liar and cunning thief1 he was at the same time a swift and trusted messenger of the gods1 the fair youth of whom ,homer speaks3 8,straightway beneath his feet he bound his fair golden sandals divine that bore him over the wet sea and o'er the boundless land with the breathings of the wind40 ,mercury1 when commissioned by the 8high thundering ,zeus0 to perform an errand much to his distaste1 thus soliloquizes3 8,much must he toil who serves the ,immortal ,gods1 ,and ,i1 who am their herald1 most of all ,no rest have ,i1 nor respite4 ,i no sooner ,unclasp the winged sandals from my feet1 ,than ,i again must clasp them1 and depart ,upon some foolish errand40 --,longfellow4 ,,interpretation4 ,apollo 7sun7 possessed great herds of cattle 7clouds74 ,mercury 7wind71 born in the night1 after a few hours' existence waxes sufficiently strong to drive away the clouds and conceal them1 leaving no trace of his passage except broken branches and scattered leaves4 ,his swiftness1 his strength and his persuasive powers make him an ideal messenger4 ,,art4 ,this charming composition by ,j4 ,a4 ,delorme1 in the ,luxembourg1 represents ,mercury preparing to depart upon some errand for the gods4 ,he is seated upon a rock in an easy1 graceful attitude and is binding on his sandals while he seems to be deliberating upon the nature of the task he is about to perform4 ,his limbs give an impression of strength combined with agility4 ,illustration ,mercury4 8,foot-feathered ,mercury appeared sublime ,beyond the tall tree-tops1 and in less time ,than shoots the slanted hailstones down he dropt1 ,one moment from his home2 only the sward ,he with his wand light touched1 and heavenward ,swifter than the flight was gone40 --,,keats4 ,,story4 ,,the ,,inventor4 ,mercury was not only the swift messenger of the gods1 but presided over commerce1 wrestling and other gymnastic exercises1 and was the giver of sweet sleep4 ,to him was ascribed the invention of the lyre4 ,he found one day a tortoise of which he took the shell1 made holes in the opposite edges1 drew cords of linen through1 and lo1 the instrument was complete4 ,the cords were nine in number in honor of the nine ,muses4 8,so there it lay1 through wet and dry1 ,as empty as the last new sonnet1 ,till by and by came ,mercury1 ,and having mused upon it1 #8,why here1' cried he1 #8the thing of things1 ,in shape1 material and dimension1 ,give it but strings and lo it sings1 ,a wonderful invention4' ,so said1 so done2 the cords he strained ,and as his fingers o'er them hovered1 ,the shell disdained a soul had gained1 ,the lyre had been discovered4 ,o empty world that round us lies1 ,dead shell of soul and thought forsaken1 ,brought we but eyes like ,mercury's1 ,in thee what songs would waken40 --,lowell4 ,,interpretation4 ,mercury was the wind1 and the music he invented was the 8melody of the winds which can awaken feelings of joy and sorrow1 of regret and yearning1 of fear and hope1 of vehement gladness and of utter despair40 ,,art4 ,chapu has here shown ,mercury as a beautiful1 vigorous youth with two light wings quivering on his head and winged sandals on his feet1 emblematic of his swiftness4 ,he is touching the ground with his magic wand round which two serpents entwine themselves4 ,the statue is in the ,luxembourg4 ,illustration ,the ,genius of ,death4 8,this hour ,thou art the shadow of life1 and as the tree ,stands in the sun and shadows all beneath1 ,so in the light of great eternity ,life eminent creates the shadow of death2 ,the shadow passeth when the tree shall fall1 ,but ,i shall reign forever over all40 --,,tennyson4 ,,story4 ,,thanatos4 ,thanatos1 or ,mors1 the god of ,death and twin brother of ,sleep dwelt in a dark cavern near the entrance to ,tartarus4 ,his office was to introduce all men to the subterranean abode and reveal to them its secrets4 ,occasionally he was followed with meekness and submission1 but more often his approach was regarded with fear4 ,he performed his task with such relentless severity that at the sight of his gloomy figure men's hearts trembled and their minds were filled with awful thoughts4 ,,art4 ,the god of death has often been represented in art as a hideous1 cadaverous looking deity1 clad in a winding sheet and holding an hour glass and a scythe4 ,we have a more attractive personification in ,canova's 8,genius of ,death10 a detail of the tomb of ,clement ,,xiii41 in ,st4 ,peter's1 ,rome4 ,the beautiful1 pensive youth is sitting in a quiet1 restful attitude holding an extinguished torch4 ,the sleeping lion at his feet adds to the general air of repose4 ,illustration ,the ,graces4 8,goddesses of ,gracefulness40 8,the three on men all gracious gifts bestow ,which deck the body or adorn the mind1 ,to make them lovely or well favored show2 ,as comely carriage1 entertainment kind1 ,sweet semblance1 friendly offices that bind ,and all the compliments of courtesy2 ,they teach us how to each degree and kind ,we should ourselves demean1 to low1 to high1 ,to friends1 to foes2 which skill men call ,civility40 --,,spenser4 ,,story4 ,,three ,,charities4 ,three sisters1 ,euphrosyne1 ,aglaia1 and ,thalia1 in fair ,venus' train with the 8rosy bosomed ,hours10 were goddesses who enhanced the enjoyments of life by refinement and gentleness4 ,they were young and modest maidens always dancing1 singing or running1 or decking themselves with flowers4 ,their home was on ,mt4 ,olympus where they often danced before the deities4 ,the ,greeks believed that labor without gracefulness was in vain1 and so ,minerva1 who presided over the serious business of life1 often called in the aid of the ,graces4 ,they also assisted ,mercury in his capacity of god of oratory4 ,,interpretation4 ,the manifold beauty which the works of nature1 especially in spring time1 display would seem to have given rise in early times to a belief in the existence of certain goddesses at first simply as guardians of the vernal sweetness and beauty of nature1 and afterward as the friends and protectors of everything graceful and beautiful4 ,purity and happiness in life and gratitude among men were associated with them4 ,the name 8,grati10 or 8,charites10 signifies the exercise of kind affection1 or the charities of life4 ,,art4 ,these figures of the ,graces by ,canova1 in the ,borghese ,gallery1 ,rome1 are classic in outline and refined in treatment4 ,they show not a trace of sensuality4 ,many artists have delighted in reproducing this type of the ,graces4 ,illustration ,pan4 8,who weeps the death of ,pan8 ,pan is not dead1 ,but loves the shepherds still2 still leads the fauns ,in merry dances o'er the grassy lawns1 ,to his own pipes2 444 ,pan cannot die till ,nature's decease6 ,full oft the reverent worshiper descries ,his ruddy face and mischief-glancing eyes ,beneath the branches of old forest trees ,that tower remote from steps of worldly men1 ,or hear his laugh far echoing down the glen40 --,j4 ,g4 ,,saxe4 ,,story4 ,,an ,,arcadian ,,god4 ,pan was god of the woods and fields1 flocks and shepherds1 and his favorite residence was ,arcadia4 ,he was fond of music and led the dances of the ,hours and ,graces4 ,the story goes that a coy nymph whom he loved and endeavored to gain was changed into a reed which he cut and fashioned into the ,syrinx or ,pan's pipe4 ,with this he charmed trees and flowers as well as men and animals4 8,mad with love1 and laden ,with immortal pain1 ,pan pursued a maiden-- ,pan1 the god1 in vain4 ,for when ,pan had nearly ,touched her wild to plead1 ,she was gone--and clearly ,in her place a reed6 ,long the ,god unwilling ,through the valley strayed1 ,then at last submitting1 ,cut the reed and made1 ,deftly fashioned seven ,pipes1 and poured his pain ,unto earth and heaven ,in a piercing strain40 --,archibald ,lampman4 ,although ,pan had a pleasant1 cheerful face1 he was curiously formed1 having a man's body and a goat's legs and feet4 ,he was supposed to delight in inspiring people with sudden and unfounded fears--hence the word panic4 ,,interpretation4 ,the character of ,pan was symbolic of ,nature2 the music of his pipes was the gentle1 intermittent breeze4 ,the lower part of his body was that of a goat on account of the rough and rocky nature of his favorite haunts4 ,his leaf-shaped ears--terminating in little peaks like those of some animals--indicate his wild1 forest nature4 ,,art4 ,the face and figure of ,pan as displayed in this statue by ,fremiet1 in the ,luxembourg1 give an idea of an easy1 amiable creature4 ,it is impossible to gaze long at it without conceiving a kindly sentiment towards it4 ,the nose is almost straight1 but curves inward slightly1 giving the face a good-humored charm4 ,the mouth seems so nearly to smile outright that one involuntarily smiles in return4 ,illustration ,hope4 8,oh1 may she never1 ,till life's lamp is quenched1 ,turn away from me-- ,that noble reciter1 ,comforter--,hope40 --,,goethe4 ,,story4 ,,the ,,pagan ,,eve4 8,dowered with all celestial gifts1 ,skilled in every art ,that ennobles and uplifts ,and delights the heart1 ,fair on earth shall be thy fame ,as thy face is fair1 ,and ,pandora be the name ,thou henceforth shalt bear40 --,longfellow4 ,to ,prometheus1 a giant who first inhabited the earth1 was attributed the creation of man4 8,prometheus first transmuted ,atoms culled from human clay40 --,horace4 ,it is also said that he stole fire from heaven and so cleverly used it for the benefit of humanity that it finally gave man dominion over all the earth4 8,beautiful is the tradition ,of that flight through heavenly portals1 ,the old classic superstition ,of the theft and the transmission ,of the fire of the ,immortals40 --,longfellow4 ,jupiter so grudged fire to mortals that he became furious with anger and in revenge ordered ,vulcan to fashion a woman out of clay and send her to man to bring misery upon him4 8,the crippled artist god1 ,illustrious1 moulded from the yielding clay ,a bashful virgin's image1 as advised ,saturnian ,jove40 --,hesiod4 ,the woman was named ,pandora and on her were bestowed all the charms and weaknesses of human nature4 ,mercury led her to ,epimetheus who1 though warned by his brother ,prometheus not to accept any gifts from the gods1 succumbed at once to her beauty and made her his wife4 ,he conveyed her to his home1 where all went merrily until ,pandora discovered a box hidden away in her husband's house4 ,she was seized with a curiosity to know its contents1 but ,epimetheus forbade her to meddle with it4 8,yon mysterious chest ,attracts and fascinates me4 ,would ,i knew ,what there lies hidden6 but the oracle forbids40 --,longfellow4 ,the allurement proved too great1 however4 ,stealthily she raised the lid to take a peep within and lo1 out flew a multitude of plagues and scattered themselves over the earth to forever torment hapless man with diseases1 vices and crimes4 ,all that remained was ,hope4 ,after many entreaties she came forth to heal the wounds inflicted by her former fellow prisoners4 8,thus entered evil into the world bringing untold misery3 thus followed ,hope to point to a happier future40 ,,interpretation4 ,the progress of civilization is symbolized by fire and its adaptation to the uses of mankind4 ,prometheus means forethought or ,providence2 ,epimetheus afterthought4 ,to be wise after an event is often to be wise too late4 ,the temptation of ,epimetheus came in the form of ,pandora 7all gifts71 and was too fascinating to be resisted4 ,diseases and evils can do no harm until they are let loose4 ,,art4 ,thorwaldsen possessed in a remarkable degree the genuine antique spirit and in this figure of ,hope he has embodied the calm simplicity and cheerful repose which make the key note of the best ,greek sculpture4 ,there is about it a noble charm which seems to be a reflex of an inward purity4 ,the smile ,hope wears is delicately expressive of her name4 ,suggestive ,readings4 ,jupiter ,olympian ,gods4 ,w4 ,e4 ,gladstone1 ,n4 ,a4 ,review1 ,april1 #ahib4 ,epic of ,hades4 ,wm4 ,morris4 ,jupiter and ,dana4 ,j4 ,g4 ,saxe4 ,jove to ,hercules4 ,schiller4 ,juno ,hymn of ,terpander to ,juno4 ,landor4 ,marble ,faun1 ,chap4 ,i4 ,hawthorne4 ,apollo ,belvedere ,apollo and the ,fates4 ,r4 ,browning4 ,fable for ,critics4 ,lowell4 ,apollo4 ,e4 ,c4 ,stedman4 ,apollo ,pythias4 ,r4 ,w4 ,dixon4 ,the ,sun's ,darling4 ,dekker4 ,niobe ,songs ,unsung4 ,morris4 ,childe ,harold4 ,byron4 ,daphne and ,other ,poems4 ,tennyson4 ,mars ,secular ,masque4 ,dryden4 ,faery ,queen4 ,spenser4 ,laocoon ,laocoon4 ,lessing4 ,laocoon4 ,james ,sadolet4 ,venus ,birth of ,venus1 ,new ,symbols4 ,hake4 ,venus ,victrix4 ,d4 ,g4 ,rossetti4 ,venus and ,vulcan4 ,j4 ,d4 ,saxe4 ,hercules ,hercules ,spinning4 ,j4 ,d4 ,saxe4 ,jove to ,hercules4 ,schiller4 ,neptune ,song of the ,sirens4 ,lowell4 ,hymn in ,praise of ,neptune4 ,campion4 ,three ,fates ,parc4 ,t4 ,b4 ,aldrich4 ,meleager ,death of ,meleager4 ,swinburne4 ,muses ,prayer to the ,muses4 ,e4 ,arnold4 ,spring4 ,pope4 ,diana ,hymn of the ,priestess1 ,diana4 ,to ,artemis4 ,a4 ,lang4 ,endymion4 ,longfellow4 ,ariadne ,how ,bacchus finds ,ariadne4 ,e4 ,b4 ,browning4 ,hanging of the ,crane4 ,longfellow4 ,minerva ,queen of the ,air4 ,ruskin4 ,on an ,intaglio ,head of ,minerva4 ,t4 ,b4 ,aldrich4 ,orpheus ,orpheus3 ,a ,masque4 ,mrs4 ,jas4 ,t4 ,fields4 ,orpheus4 ,shelley4 ,waking of ,eurydice4 ,gosse4 ,daphne ,daphne4 ,swift4 ,daphne4 ,tennyson4 ,proserpine ,the ,search for ,proserpine4 ,r4 ,h4 ,stoddard4 ,the ,appeasement of ,demeter4 ,geo4 ,meredith4 ,cupid and ,psyche ,marius the ,epicurean4 ,walter ,pater4 ,eros and ,psyche4 ,dr4 ,paul ,carus4 ,marriage of ,cupid and ,psyche4 ,e4 ,b4 ,browning4 ,cupid ,cupid's ,birth4 ,cosmopolitan1 ,,xx41 #ahi4 ,death and ,cupid4 ,j4 ,g4 ,saxe4 ,cupid ,stung4 ,e4 ,arnold4 ,perseus ,wonder ,book--,gorgon ,head4 ,hawthorne4 ,bacchus ,bacchus4 ,bacchus--,poems4 ,emerson4 ,praise of ,dionysus4 ,gosse4 ,dionysus--,greek ,studies4 ,walter ,pater4 ,hebe ,hebe4 ,lowell4 ,fall of ,hebe4 ,moore4 ,ganymede ,palace of ,art4 ,tennyson4 ,mercury ,mercury4 ,boyesen4 ,phbus and ,hermes4 ,goethe4 ,pan ,the ,dead ,pan4 ,e4 ,b4 ,browning4 ,pan in ,love4 ,w4 ,w4 ,story4 ,pan and ,pitys4 ,landor4 ,bibliography4 ,books recommended should further study be desired3 ,studies of the ,gods in ,greece4 ,dyer4 ,juventus ,mundi4 ,gladstone4 ,myths and ,legends of ,ancient ,greece and ,rome4 ,berens4 ,lays and ,legends of ,ancient ,greece4 ,blackie4 ,manual of ,mythology in its ,relation to ,greek ,art4 ,collignon4 ,manual of ,mythology4 ,cox4 ,classic ,myths4 ,gayley4 ,history of ,sculpture4 ,lbke4 ,age of ,fable2 or ,beauties of ,mythology4 ,bulfinch4 ,handbook of ,greek ,sculpture4 ,gardner4 ,studies in ,greek ,art4 ,harrison4 ,greek ,studies4 ,pater4 ,myths of ,old ,greece1 ,i41 ,,ii41 ,,iii4 ,pratt4 ,synonymous ,deities4 ,greek4 ,roman4 ,zeus 7zs7 ,jupiter 7jpi-ter7 ,hera 7hr7 ,juno 7jn7 ,ares 7rz7 ,mars 7mrz7 ,aphrodite 7af-r-dt7 ,venus 7vnus7 ,artemis 7rt-mis7 ,diana 7d-an7 ,athene 7a-thn7 ,minerva 7mi-nerv7 ,demeter 7de-mter7 ,ceres 7srz7 ,dionysus 7d--nsus7 ,bacchus 7bakus7 ,eros 7ros7 ,cupid 7kpid7 ,hades 7hdz7 ,pluto 7plt7 ,hephstus 7he-festus7 ,vulcan 7vulkan7 ,hermes 7hermz7 ,mercury 7mer-k-ri7 ,leto 7lto7 ,latona 7l-tn7 ,nike 7n-k7 ,victoria 7vik-tri-7 ,persephone 7per-sef-n7 ,proserpine 7proser-pin7 ,poseidon 7p-sdon7 ,neptune 7neptn7 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's note3 ,punctuation1 hyphenation1 and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in the original book2 otherwise they were not changed4 ,simple typographical errors were corrected2 unpaired quotation marks were remedied when the change was obvious1 and otherwise left unpaired4 ,page #fc3 8unparalleled0 was printed as 8unparalled02 corrected here4 ,page #gc3 ,the poem attributed to ,ben ,johnson was written by ,john ,keates1 and differs from standard versions of the poem4 ,page #afg3 8,hephstus0 was printed without the 8t01 but the pronunciation was printed with it4