file :i* includes ! num]\s orig9al illu/rations4 ,see #fcabh-;h4htm or #fcabh-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/ca*e_/epub_/ #fcabh_/pg#fcabh-;images4html7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/files_/#fcab h_/fcabh-;h4zip7 ,images ( ! orig9al pages are available ?r\gh ,int]net ,ar*ive4 ,see https3_/_/ar*ive4org_/details_/rudim5t>y treat#jj;hobb ,transcrib]'s note3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74 ,small capitals h be5 transcrib$ z ,,all ,,capitals4 ,a detail$ transcrib]'s note c be f\nd at ! end ( ?is text4 ,,rudim5t>y ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,con/ruction ,,( ,,locks4 ,london3 ,pr9t$ by ,levey1 ,robson1 & ,franklyn1 ,great ,new ,/reet & ,fett] ,lane4 ,,rudim5t>y ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,con/ruction ,,( ,,locks4 ,edit$ by ,,*>les ,,toml9son4 8,il n'y a po9t de ma*9es plus communes que les s]rures3 elles sont assez composes p\r mrit] le nom de ma*9e2 mais je ne sais s'il y en a qui soi5t aussi peu connues p> ceux qui les emploi5t4 ,il e/ r>e qu'on sa*e en quoi consi/e la bont d'une s]rure1 le degr de sret qu'on peut s'en promettre4 ,leur extrieur e/ presque la seule *ose quoi l'on s'arrte4 ,les usages importans auxquels elles sont employes devrai5t cep5dant excit] la curiosit les connatre1 si la curiosit tait t\j\rs excite raisonnablem5t40--,m4 ,,de ,r,,aumur1 8,des ,s]rures de t\tes les espces10 =m+ ! fif? *apt] ( ,m4 ,duhamel's ,treatise 8,art du ,s]ruri]10 9 ! 8,descriptions des ,arts et ,meti]s faites ou appr\ves p> ,messieurs de l',acadmie ,royale des ,sci5ces40 ,london3 ,john ,weale1 #ei ,high ,holborn4 ,,mdcccliii4 8,!re are no ma*9es m common ?an locks3 !y are suffici5tly complex to m]it ! "n ( ma*9e2 b ,i "k ( no o!rs ! /ructure ( :i* is s little und]/ood by ^? :o use !m4 ,x is r>e to f9d any "o :o kn[s :]e9 ! goodness ( a lock consi/s1 or ! degree ( security t he c atta* to x4 ,! outside ( a lock is usually all t attracts att5tion4 ,d\btless ! important uses to :i* locks are appli$ w\ld excite curiosity respect+ _! /ructure1 if curiosity 7 always excit$ = wor?y objects40--,m4 ,,de ,r,,aumur4 ,,preface4 ,! read] is entitl$ to "k ! orig9 ( ! small "w :i* he holds 9 8 h&s4 ,9 ,augu/ #aheb1 be+ ab\t to write a %ort article on ,locks = a ,cyclopdia ( ,useful ,arts1 ( :i* ,i am ! editor1 ,i consult$ my e/eem$ & lam5t$ fri5d1 ! late ,pr(essor ,c[p]1 ( ,k+'s ,college1 z to ! desirability ( expla9+ to ! g5]al read] ! defects ( "s ( our ,engli% locks1 :i*1 previ\s to ! celebrat$ 8lock controv]sy0 ( #ahea1 _h borne a high "* = skilful con/ruction1 beauty ( workman%ip1 & und\bt$ security4 ,pr(essor ,c[p] express$ 8 /rong conviction t by expos+ ! defects ( our locks1 ! cause ( me*anical sci5ce1 z well z ! public 9 g5]al1 w\ld be b5efit$2 t if our locks 7 defective1 inv5tors w\ld be /imulat$ to supply ! defects1 & ! art ( ! locksmi? w\ld be rais$ accord+ly4 ,he consid]$ t ,mr4 ,hobbs _h made a consid]able /ep 9 advance 9 ! con/ructive details ( 8 art1 n only 9 hav+ detect$ ! weak po9ts ( "s ( our be/ ,engli% locks1 b also 9 hav+ introduc$ two or ?ree new locks1 :i* appe>$ to be m secure ?an any ( ^? previ\sly produc$4 ,pr(essor ,c[p] gave me an introduction to ,mr4 ,hobbs1 :o plac$ at my disposal a v>iety ( lit]>y mat]ials relat+ to ! hi/ory & con/ruction ( locks1 & /at$ 8 int5tion at "s future "t ( br++ out a small book on ! subject1 if he c\ld meet ) a publi%]4 ,i recomm5d$ him to (f] ! "w to ,mr4 ,weale1 = ins]tion 9 8 s]ies ( ,rudim5t>y ,works4 ,?is 0 accord+ly done1 & ,i 0 invit$ to prep>e ! "w2 b z my engagem5ts did n leave me suffici5t leisure to write ! book1 ,i reque/$ my fri5d ,mr4 ,george ,dodd to put ! mat]ials toge!r1 & to se>* = m4 ,mr4 ,dodd acc$$ to my reque/2 & hav+ complet$ 8 "p ( ! "w1 ,i subject$ x to a c>eful revision1 & add$ v>i\s details :i* seem$ to be necess>y to complet5ess1 at lea/ s f> z ! n>r[ limits ( a small rudim5t>y "w w\ld admit ( complet5ess4 ,! manuscript 0 !n s5t to press3 ea* %eet z x 0 receiv$ f ! pr9t] 0 submitt$ to ,mr4 ,hobbs1 :o read x ) c>e1 & made 8 annotations & corrections !reon4 ,mr4 ,hobbs & ,i !n _h a meet+1 :5 ! additions & corrections 7 read & discuss$1 & admitt$ or reject$ z ! case might be4 ,! %eet hav+ be5 ?us correct$ 0 s5t to press4 ,x %\ld also be /at$ t1 dur+ ! progress ( ! "w1 ,mr4 ,weale1 at my reque/1 wrote to ,messrs4 ,bramah1 & also to ,messrs4 ,*ubb1 in=m+ !m t a ,rudim5t>y ,treatise on ! ,con/ruction ( ,locks 0 be+ prep>$1 & reque/+ !m to /ate 9 writ+ :at alt]ations or improvem5ts !y _h made 9 _! locks s9ce ! date ( ! ,great ,exhibition4 ,! communications :i* we h receiv$ f ^! celebrat$ firms are ins]t$ v]batim1 9 _! prop] places1 9 ! pres5t "w4 ,su* is ! mode 9 :i* ?is small volume has be5 prep>$4 ,i h endeav\r$ to p]=m an editor's duty consci5ti\sly1 )\t ent]ta9+ ! feel+ ( a p>tisan 9 ! matt]4 ,my *ief object 9 sup]9t5d+ ! production ( ?is book 7an object 9 :i* ! ,publi%] fully p>ticipates7 is to advance ! cause ( me*anical sci5ce1 & to supply a defici5cy 9 "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ portions ( its ,engli% lit]ature4 ,c4 ,,toml9son4 ,b$=d ,place1 ,amp?ill ,squ>e1 ,july #ahec4 ,,adv]tisem5t4 ,! fir/ edition ( ?is volume1 ?\gh at ! date ( its appe>ance co-ord9at+ ) ! /ate ( k ( ! p]iod1 & conta9+ matt] well arrang$ & lucidly describ$--z mu/ h be5 expect$ f ! reputation ( its au?or--_h1 ?r\gh ! lapse ( ! few int]v5+ ye>s1 inevitably become some:at beh9d ! /ate ( ! art ( :i* x treats--"o :i* is daily receiv+ ! att5tive consid]ation ( _m skilful m51 & occasional m>k$ improvem5ts4 ,among/ ^? ( lat] ye>s none are m notewor?y ?an ! locks pat5t$ by ,mr4 ,f5by1 ( ,birm+ham2 ( ^! an acc\nt1 ) accurate illu/rations1 = :i* ! draw+s are suppli$ by ! inv5tor1 is n[ add$1--toge!r ) a brief essay ^u ! important b popul>ly ill-und]/ood subject ( iron safes4 ,,rob]t ,,mallet4 ,april1 #ahfh4 ,9 ref]5ce to ,mr4 ,smy?'s lett]1 :i* is giv5 at pp4 #acj1 #aca1 t g5tleman is desir\s to /ate t x 0 9 consequ5ce ( ! defects !re po9t$ out t ,mr4 ,hobbs 0 enabl$ to pick ! ,bramah lock op]at$ ^u1 :i* _h be5 manufactur$ =ty ye>s previ\sly1 :5 ! slid]s 7 made ( iron in/ead ( /eel z !y n[ are1 & yet1 not)/&+ t & ! o!r defects po9t$ out1 x took ,mr4 ,hobbs sixte5 days to pick x4 ,9 pro( ( ! security ( ! ,bramah lock1 ,mr4 ,smy? m5tions t ,mr4 ,hobbs's be/ workman fail$ 9 pick+ an ord9>y #c-;in* ,bramah box lock2 & t a p]son 9 ! employ ( ,messrs4 ,johnson & ,ravey1 ( ,conduit ,/reet1 fail$ also 9 8 attempt to pick a #f-;in* cell>-door lock1 ?\gh he _h ! lock 9 8 possession = twelve mon?s1 employ+ 8 ev5+s 9 mak+ in/rum5ts & try+ to pick x4 ,mr4 ,smy? contradicts ! /atem5t made at page #abh1 t ! new lock 0 remov$ f ! w9d[ ?r\gh any fe> ( its be+ op5$4 ,on ! contr>y1 x 0 put up especially to af=d an opportunity = ,mr4 ,hobbs to make1 if he ?\ght fit1 ano!r trial1 & x rema9$ 9 ! w9d[ f\r mon?s4 ,! sole cause ( its removal 0 to /op ! imp]t95t applications ( m5 & boys1 :i* int]f]$ too mu* ) ! g5]al bus9ess ( ! firm4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*ap4 ,,page ,i4 ,on ,locks & ,lock-lit]ature #a ,,ii4 ,anci5t ,locks3 ,grecian1 ,roman1 ,egyptian #h ,,iii4 ,lock classification4 ,! ,puzzle-,lock & ! ,dial-,lock #af ,,iv4 ,w>d$ ,locks1 ) _! v>i$ app5dages #bg ,v4 ,on ,tumbl] or ,lev] ,locks #dc ,,vi4 ,! ,bramah ,lock #fd ,,vii4 ,am]ican ,locks #hb ,,viii4 ,! ,lock ,controv]sy3 previ\s to ! date ( ! ,great ,exhibition #ajb ,,ix4 ,! ,lock ,controv]sy3 dur+ & s9ce ! "t ( ! ,great ,exhibition #aae ,x4 ,effects ( ! ,great ,exhibition ( #ahea 9 improv+ ,engli% ,locks #adj ,,xi4 ,! ,lock & ,key ,manufacture #aed ,,xii4 ,engli% ,pat5ts = ,locks4 ,aub9's ,lock ,trophy4 ,conclusion #afd ,,app5dix4 ,,xiii4 ,on an ,improv$ ,con/ruction ( ,lock & ,key3 ,f5by's ,adytic ,lock #agf ,,xiv4 ,f5by's ,/op ,lock #aic ,,xv4 ,note ^u ,iron ,safes #bja ,,on ,,! ,,con/ruction ,,( ,,locks4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,on ,,locks ,,& ,,lock-,,lit]ature4 ,! manufacture ( locks1 & a consid]ation ( ! me*anical pr9ciples involv$ 9 _! con/ruction & security1 h nev] yet be5 treat$ ) any degree ( fulness 9 an ,engli% "w4 ,lock-mak+ has occupi$ a l>ge am\nt ( +5uity1 & lock-pat5ts h be5 obta9$ 9 consid]able numb]1 ?\gh n always1 we are satisfi$1 ) a comm5surate return = ! exp5se incurr$1--b lock-philosophy 7if s x may be designat$7 has n be5 l>gely att5d$ to4 ,& yet x may safely be said t mu* :i* is bo? me*anically & comm]cially important is compris$ 9 a lock4 ,e improvem5t 9 ! manufacture ( iron1 /eel1 & brass--t is1 9 ! tool-mak+ & ma*9e-mak+ processes--may be made to reflect its light on ! lock-manufacture2 ! /amp+1 ! ca/+1 ! plan+1 ! slott+1 ! screw-cutt+1 ! poli%+ ( metals1--all1 9 proportion z !y are improv$1 imp>t "s ( _! aid to ! lock-mak]4 ,!n1 9 ! f9] k9ds ( locks1 ! works are s delicate z to approa* to ! nicety ( clockwork2 !reby comb9+ ! manipulative skill ( a tal5t$ artisan ) ! r\gh] me*anical "w ( ! smi?4 ,! pr9ciples ( me*anical sci5ce are also appreciat$ by _m lock-mak]s4 ,! lev]1 ! incl9$ plane1 ! ecc5tric1 ! cam1 ! screw1 ! :eel & p9ion1 ! rat*et1 ! spr+1--all are br\ght to be> on ! int]nal me*anism ( locks1 frequ5tly 9 _m novel comb9ations4 ,! comm]cial importance ( locks--?\gh ( c\rse nev] s]i\sly que/ion$ :5 once fairly br\ght be=e "o's att5tion--has be5 rec5tly r5d]$ s app>5t z to h ris5 to ! position ( a public topic4 ,if a /rong room1 conta9+ gold & silv]1 notes & bills1 books & pap]s--if su* a room be necess>ily %ield$ f intrusion1 x becomes no less necess>y t ! %ield %\ld be really wor?y ( its "n1 tru/y & reliable3 a good lock is "h ne>ly z indisp5sable z a fai?ful ca%i]4 ,& )\t dwell+ on su* an aurif]\s picture z a room fall ( gold1 we %all f9d ample pro( ( ! comm]cial importance ( lock-mak+ 9 ! ord9>y circum/ances by :i* we are e day surr\nd$4 ,until ! _w becomes an hone/ _w1 or until ! hone/ p be> a l>g] ratio ?an at pres5t to ! di%one/1 ! :ole ( our movables are1 m or less1 at ! m]cy ( our neighb\rs4 ,h\ses1 rooms1 vaults1 cell>s1 cab9ets1 cupbo>ds1 caskets1 desks1 *e/s1 boxes1 caddies1--all1 ) ! cont5ts ( ea*1 r+ ! *anges betwe5 meum & tuum pretty mu* accord+ to ! security ( ! locks by :i* !y are gu>d$4 ,a comm]cial1 & 9 "s respects a social1 d\bt has be5 />t$ )9 ! la/ ye> or two1 :e!r or n x is "r to discuss s op5ly ! security or insecurity ( locks4 ,_m well-mean+ p]sons suppose t ! discussion respect+ ! means = baffl+ ! suppos$ safety ( locks (f]s a premium = di%one/y1 by %ew+ o!rs h[ to be di%one/4 ,?is is a fallacy4 ,rogues are v ke5 9 _! pr(ession1 & "k already mu* m ?an we c tea* !m respect+ _! sev]al k9ds ( rogu]y4 ,rogues knew a good deal ab\t lock-pick+ long be=e locksmi?s discuss$ x among !mselves1 z !y h lately done4 ,if a lock--let x h be5 made 9 :atev] c\ntry1 or by :atev] mak]--is n s inviolable z x has hi!rto be5 deem$ to be1 surely x is to ! int]e/ ( hone/ p]sons to "k ?is fact1 because ! di%one/ are tol]ably c]ta9 to be ! fir/ to apply ! k practically2 & ! spread ( ! k is necess>y to give fair play to ^? :o might suff] by ignorance4 ,x _c be too e>ne/ly urg$1 t an acqua9tance ) real facts w1 9 ! end1 be bett] = all p>ties4 ,"s "t ago1 :5 ! read+ public 0 al>m$ at be+ told h[ ,london milk is adult]at$1 timid p]sons deprecat$ ! exposure1 on ! plea t x w\ld give in/ructions 9 ! art ( adult]at+ milk2 a va9 fe>--milkm5 knew all ab\t x be=e1 :e!r !y practis$ x or n2 & ! exposure only taught pur*as]s ! necessity ( a little scrut9y & caution1 leav+ !m to obey ?is necessity or n1 z !y pleas$4 ,s likewise 9 respect to bread1 sug>1 c(fee1 tea1 w9e1 be]1 spirits1 v9eg>1 *eap silks1 *eap wooll5s--all su* articles z are susceptible ( debasem5t by admixture ) *eap] sub/ances--mu* m good ?an h>m is effect$ by /at+ c&idly & sci5tifically ! v>i\s me?ods by :i* su* debasem5t has be51 or c be produc$4 ,! unscrupul\s h ! comm& ( mu* ( ?is k9d ( k )\t our aid2 & !re is moral & comm]cial ju/ice 9 plac+ on _! gu>d ^? :o might possibly suff] !refrom4 ,we employ ^! /ray expressions conc]n+ adult]ation1 debasem5t1 rogu]y1 & s =?1 simply z a mode ( illu/rat+ a pr9ciple--! advantage ( publicity4 ,9 respect to lock-mak+1 !re c sc>cely be su* a ?+ z di%one/y ( int5tion3 ! inv5tor produces a lock :i* he hone/ly ?9ks w possess su* & su* qualities2 & he decl>es 8 belief to ! _w4 ,if o!rs diff] f him 9 op9ion conc]n+ ^? qualities1 x is op5 to !m to say s2 & ! discussion1 tru?fully conduct$1 mu/ lead to public advantage3 ! discussion /imulates curiosity1 & ! curiosity /imulates inv5tion4 ,no?+ b a p>tial & limit$ view ( ! "q c\ld lead to ! op9ion t h>m c result3 if !re be h>m1 x w be mu* m ?an c\nt]balanc$ by good4 ,! lit]ature ( lock-mak+ is1 z we h impli$1 v scanty1 bo? 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica4 ,! ,fr5* & ,g]mans1 ?\gh f> bel[ our level z lock-mak]s1 are v sup]ior to u 9 _! descriptions ( ! con/ruction & manufacture ( locks4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! ,fr5* treatise publi%$ m ?an eighty ye>s ago by ! ,acadmie des ,sci5ces1 & =m+ "p ( a folio s]ies ( manufactur+ treatises1 illu/rat$ v fully by engrav+s4 ,x is wor? :ile to exam9e ?is "w1 to see h[ m9utely & fai?fully ! writ]s ( su* treatises p]=m$ _! task ne>ly a c5tury ago4 ,! ,art du ,s]ruri]1 ) ! di/+ui%$ "n ( ,m4 ,duhamel du ,monceau z ! au?or or editor1 0 publi%$ 9 #agfg4 ,x occupies #bij folio pages1 & is illu/rat$ by #db folio plates4 ,! fir/ *apt] gives u an introduction & g5]al pr9ciples1 9 :i* ! *oice & manipulation ( mat]ials are t\*$ ^u2 ! diff]5t qualities ( iron & /eel2 & ! processes ( =g+1 f\nd+1 weld+1 /amp+1 fil+1 poli%+1 c4 ,9 ! copp]-plates repres5t+ ^! smi?s' op]ations & ! tools employ$1#a !re is a smi?y1 ) ab\t a doz5 smi?s engag$ 9 all ^! v>i\s occupations1 ) /ock+s d[n1 & a due am\nt ( work%op slov5l9ess4 ,! next *apt] takes u into :at may p]haps be call$ 8smi?'s "w 9 g5]al10 or at lea/ x treats ( ! manufacture ( v>i\s k9ds ( ironmong]y = doors1 w9d[s1 & h\se-fitt+s g5]ally4 ,!n ! ?ird *apt] treats ( 8smi?'s "w :i* s]ves = ! security ( h\ses10 consi/+ ( rail+s1 pal+s1 b>s1 & gates ( v>i\s k9ds--su* at lea/ z are made ( iron4 ,9 *apt] f\r we h a notice ( su* k9ds ( smi?'s "w z relate to ! fa/5+s = doors1 w9d[s1 closets1 *e/s1 c42 su* z h+es1 hasps1 lat*es1 bolts1 & o!r contrivances less complex ?an an actual lock4 ,?is br+s u1 by a natural transition1 to locks 9 g5]al1 :i* =m ! subject ( *apt] five1 to :i* is atta*$ ! illu/ri\s "n ( ,m4 de ,raumur z ! au?or4 ,"h are giv5 a hundr$ folio pages ( description1 illu/rat$ by tw5ty folio plates relat+ to locks1 lock-mak+1 & locksmi?s4 ,! six? *apt] relates to ! iron-"w ( c>riages1 or ! lab\rs ( ! coa*smi?s2 :ile *apt] sev51 to w9d up ! "w1 relates to bell-hang+4 #a ,x is wor?y ( rem>k1 t ! tools describ$ are ! same z ^? :i* are us$ by ! locksmi? at ! pres5t day2 %ew+ h[ little improvem5t has be5 made 9 ! means ( produc+ locks4 ,t *apt] ( ! "w :i* has ref]5ce to locks is ! only "o ) :i* we h to d "h4 ,x is arrang$ 9 a sy/ematic mann]1 beg9n+ ) ! simpl] locks1 )\t w>ds or tumbl]s1 & proce$+ !nce to o!rs ( m complex con/ruction4 ,! p]iod at :i* ! "w 0 writt5 0 too e>ly to lead u to expect to f9d a tumbl]-lock describ$ & del9eat$3 !re are1 h[ev]1 num]\s examples ( s+le tumbl]-locks1 _m ( !m ( great +5uity4 ,! use ( multiple bolts1 t is1 ( _m bolts %ot at once by "o action ( ! key1 seems to h be5 famili> en\gh to ! locksmi?s ( ^? days4 ,"o lock repres5t$ is rem>kable2 x is atta*$ to a /rong & pond]\s c(f] or *e/4 ,! *e/ is op52 & ! :ole "u or inn] surface ( ! cov] is se5 to be occupi$ by a lock ( intricate con/ruction2 !re are no less ?an twelve bolts1 ?ree on ea* long side1 "o on ea* %ort side1 & "o 9 ea* corn]2 ^! bolts are s plac$ z to cat* "u a project+ rim fix$ r\nd ! top ( ! c(f]4 ,! collection ( keys1 exhibit$ on a sep>ate plate1 is rem>kable = ! great v>iety ( =ms giv5 to !m4 ,we %all by & by copy "s ( ! draw+s ( ?is curi\s "w4 ,x 0 to be expect$ t 9 ! ,encyclopdie ,m?odique1 publi%$ 9 ! same c\ntry & 9 ! same c5tury1 ! locksmi?'s art w\ld be treat$ at "s su* l5g? z 9 ! "w j describ$4 ,among ! two hundr$ volumes ( :i* ! ,cyclopdie consi/s1 sev]al are devot$ to arts & manufactures2 & "o ( !m conta9s ! article 9 "q4 ,x occupies #afh qu>to pages1 & is illu/rat$ by #ce copp]-plate engrav+s1 %ew+ 9 detail n only ! p>ts ( v>i\s locks1 b ! tools us$ by ! lockmak]4 ,x is prop]1 h[ev]1 to rem>k1 t mu* ( ! lett]press & _m ( ! plates relate to smi?'s "w g5]ally1 & n exclusively to lock-"w2 ! ,fr5* "n s]rur]ie be+ appli$ n only to lock-mak+1 b to mo/ ( ! smi?'s "w requir$ 9 dwell+-h\ses4 ,?is af=ds1 inde$1 a /rik+ illu/ration ( ! fact1 t until lately a lock-mak] has be5 reg>d$ r z a smi? ?an z a ma*9i/1 r z a =g] & fil] ( pieces ( iron1 ?an z a fabricator ( delicate me*anism4 ,"o ( ! mo/ curi\s features 9 ?is treatise is a vocabul>y1 conta9+1 9 alphabetical arrangem5t1 a m9ute acc\nt ( all ! ,fr5* te*nical t]ms employ$ 9 ! locksmi?'s art4 ,?is vocabul>y alone occupies #ch qu>to pages4 ,! ,g]mans1 l ! ,fr5*1 be/[ great att5tion on _! treatises relat+ to ! manufactur+ arts4 ,"s ( ^! are1 inde$1 work$ up to a degree ( m9ut5ess :i* w\ld seem sup]flu\s1 :]e little di/9ction is drawn betwe5 ! importance ( fundam5tal pr9ciples & t ( m]e te*nical details4 ,locks h _h _! due %>e4 ,! article on locks 9 ,pre*tl's ,te*nological ,encyclopdia writt5 by ,k>m>s*1 & publi%$ 9 #ahdb1 occupies ab\t #adj pages4 ,locks are v m9utely classifi$ by ! au?or1 accord+ to _! purposes & _! modes ( action1 & are illu/rat$ by _m plates4 ,"o ( 8 classifications is into ,g]man1 ,fr5*1 & ,ba/>d locks1 ref]r+ 9 "p to ! ext5t to :i* ! key turns r\nd 9 ! lock2 & ! la/ ( ! ?ree hav+ an int]m$iate "* betwe5 ! o!r two4 ,aft] treat+ ( ! ord9>y w>d$ locks1 he comes to ! comb9ation pr9ciple2 & x is pr(itable "h to notice1 h[ well ! works ( our ma*9i/s are und]/ood on ! cont95t1 :5 !y h any ?+ to recomm5d !m2 !re are a doz5 closely pr9t$ pages devot$ to a m9ute description ( ,bramah's inv5tion1 ) all ! sep>ate p>ts illu/rat$ by copp]-plate engrav+s4 ,aft] ?is comes a m g5]al acc\nt ( ! details & manufacture ( locks1 simil>ly illu/rat$ by engrav+s4 ,:atev] may be ! m]its ( ! diff]5t articles relat+ to locks 9 ! v>i\s ,engli% cyclopdias1 !re are none approa*+ 9 l5g? to ! article 9 ,pre*tl's "w4 ,b :5 we consid] t ,pre*tl devotes tw5ty l>ge volumes to te*nological or manufactur+ subjects1 he is ( c\rse able to devote a l>g] space to ea* article ?an is giv5 9 ,engli% works4 ,bo? 9 ,engl& & 9 ,am]ica1 m5 are m dispos$ to d ! "w ?an to describe x :5 done4 ,9 ! ,encyclopdia ,britannica1 9 ,rees' ,cyclopdia1 9 ,heb]t's ,eng9e]s' & ,me*anics' ,cyclopdia1 9 ! ,encyclopdia ,metropolitana1 9 ! ,p5ny ,cyclopdia1 & 9 o!r simil> works1 locks are describ$ z well z c be expect$ )9 ! limits assign$ to ! articles4 ,mr4 ,bramah's essay on locks1 & on 8 own lock 9 p>ticul>1 is "o ( ! few ,engli% pamphlets devot$ expressly to ?is subject4 ,an exc]pt f ! proce$+s ( ! ,in/itute ( ,civil ,eng9e]s1 9 #ahea1 gives an int]e/+ pap] on locks by ,mr4 ,*ubb2 & %ort] reports ( pap]s & lectures h be5 publi%$ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,p]haps ! be/ acc\nt ( locks :i* we h1 consid]+ ! limit$ space )9 :i* a great deal ( in=mation is giv5 9 a v cle> /yle1 is t conta9$ 9 ,mr4 ,toml9son's ,cyclopdia ( ,useful ,arts4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,anci5t ,,locks3 ,,grecian1 ,,roman1 ,,egyptian4 ,locks & door-fa/5+s h n1 until mod]n times1 be5 susceptible ( any classifi$ arrangem5t accord+ to _! pr9ciples ( con/ruction4 ,!y h be5 too simple to require x1 & too little v>i$ to p]mit x4 ,t "s su* fa/5+s mu/ be employ$ :]ev] doors ( any k9d are us$ is suffici5tly app>5t2 & !re is a little 7?\gh only a little7 in=mation obta9able1 :i* %ews ! nature ( ! fa/5+s adopt$ 9 e>ly times4 ,! bolt1 ! hasp1 ! *a91 ! b>1 ! lat*1 ! lock1 all 7 kn[n1 9 "o or o!r ( _! v>i\s =ms1 9 ^? ages :i* we are accu/om$ to consid] classical4 ,travell]s1 g5]ally speak+1 d n desc5d to locks1 or r !y d n ?9k ab\t !m2 o!rwise !y might h collect$ mu* t w\ld h be5 novel & applicable to ! pres5t "w2 &1 inde$1 !re is "s gr\nd = ! ass]tion1 t a notice ( ! door-fa/5+s ( all nations w\ld reveal to u some?+ ( ! social & dome/ic habits ( v>i\s memb]s ( ! great human family4 ,be ?is z x may1 h[ev]1 we may pr(itably make a little inquiry into ! locks ( anci5t times4 ,9 ! volumes ( ,l>dn]'s ,cyclopdia relat+ to ! 8,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! anci5t ,greeks & ,romans10 we d n f9d any m5tion ( ! k9ds ( locks us$ by ^? nations2 b ! au?or1 :ile describ+ ! h\ses1 says3--8,doors turn$ anci5tly ^u l>ge pivots 9 ! c5tre1 let into sockets 9 ! l9tel & ?re%old1 s t "o ( ! sides op5$ inw>ds1 ! o!r outw>ds2 & ,plut>* gives ! foll[+ curi\s reason :y p]sons 7 to knock & al>m ! port]1 viz4 le/ ! visitor ent]+ unaw>es %\ld surprise ! mi/ress or daught] ( ! family busy or undress$1 or s]vants "u correction1 or ! maids qu>rel+40 ,z ! visitors _h ?us ! p[] 7if p]mitt$ s to d7 to op5 ! out] door ( a h\se1 x w\ld appe> t v little 9 ! nature ( a lock 0 employ$ "u ord9>y circum/ances1 unless inde$ x 7 a m]e lat*4 ,9 respect to ,roman h\ses x is /at$1 t 8! doors revolv$ ^u pivots1 :i* work$ 9 a socket bel[1 & 7 fa/5$ by bolts :i* hung f *a9s40 ,!re is no m5tion ( locks "h4 ,mr4 ,/4 ,john1 9 8 "w on ! same subject1 says3 8,! /reet-door ( a ,grecian h\se1 usually1 :5 s+le1 op5$ outw>ds2 b :5 !re 7 fold+-doors !y op5$ inw>ds1 z ) u4 ,9 ! =m] case x 0 cu/om>y1 :5 any "o happ5$ to be go+ =?1 to knock1 or call1 or r+ a bell1 9 ord] to w>n pass5g]s to make way40 ,aft] describ+ ! v>i\s k9ds ( wood ( :i* ! doors 7 made1 he proce$s3 8,! doors at fir/ 7 fa/5$ by long b>s pass+ into ! wall on bo? sides2 & by degrees small] bolts1 hasps1 lat*es1 & locks & keys1 succe$$4 ,= example1 ! out] door ( ! ?alamos 9 ,hom] 0 secur$ by a silv] hasp1 & a lea!rn ?ong pass$ r\nd ! h&le1 & ti$1 p]haps1 9 a curi\s knot40 ,mr4 ,yates1 9 a le>n$ article on ?is subject 9 ,smi?'s ,diction>y ( ,greek & ,roman ,antiquities1 collects num]\s details scatt]$ ?r\gh v>i\s e>ly writ]s4 ,we w /r+ toge!r a few ( ^! details1 s f> z !y h any relation to ! fa/5+s ( doors4 ,! out] door ( a ,roman h\se 0 g5]ally call$ janua2 :]eas ! inn] doors 7 call$ o/ia4 ,! doorway1 :5 complete1 consi/$ ( f\r indisp5sable p>ts--! ?re%old or sill1 ! l9tel1 & ! two jambs4 ,! ?re%old1 on :i* ! feet trod1 0 (t5 reg>d$ ) a k9d ( sup]/iti\s rev]5ce2 ! l9tel1 :i* cross$ ! doorway at ! top1 hav+ a consid]able sup]9cumb5t weight to be>1 0 usually made ( "o piece ( timb] or /one ( great /r5g?2 ! jambs1 or side uprights1 7 also made 9 "o piece ea*4 ,! doorway1 9 e build+ ( ! lea/ importance1 conta9$ two doors fold+ toge!r2 ev5 ! int]nal doors _h _! bivalve con/ruction4 ,b 9 e case ea* ( ! two valves 0 wide en\gh to all[ p]sons to pass ?r\gh )\t op5+ ! o!r2 9 "s cases ev5 ea* valve 0 d\ble1 s z to fold l our w9d[-%utt]s4 ,^! doors1 or valves1 7 n h+$ to ! side-po/s1 z ) u1 b 71 z has already be5 /at$1 pivot$ to ! l9tel above & ! ?re%old bel[4 ,! fa/5+ usually consi/$ ( a bolt plac$ at ! base ( ea* valve or half-door1 s z to admit ( be+ pu%$ into a socket made 9 ! sill to receive x4 ,! doorways 9 "s ( ! h\ses at ,pompeii /ill %ew two holes 9 ! sill1 correspond+ to ! bolts 9 ! two valves4 ,at night1 ! front door ( ! h\se 0 fur!r secur$ by means ( a wood5 & sometimes an iron b> plac$ across x1 & ins]t$ into sockets on ea* side ( ! doorway2 h5ce x 0 necess>y to remove ! b> 9 ord] to op5 ! door4 ,*amb]-doors 7 (t5 secur$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,9 ! ,odyssey !re is m5tion ( a contrivance 7adv]t$ to by ,mr4 ,/4 ,john7 = bolt+ or unbolt+ a door f ! outside2 x consi/$ ( a lea!r ?ong ins]t$ ?r\gh a hole 9 ! door1 & by means ( a loop1 r+1 or hook1 capable ( tak+ hold ( ! bolt s z to move x 9 ! mann] requir$4 ,we h "h evid5tly ! elem5ts ( a m complete me*anism2 = ! bolt 0 a rude lock 9 ! same degree t ! ?ong 0 a rude key4 ,t ! ,romans aft]w>ds _h real locks & keys is cle>2 = ! keys f\nd at ,h]culaneum & ,pompeii1 & ^? atta*$ to r+s1 prove t a k9d ( w>d$ lock mu/ h be5 well kn[n4#b ,!re are ! rema9s ( a tomb at ,pompeii1 ! door ( :i* is made ( a s+le piece ( m>ble1 includ+ ! pivots1 :i* 7 encas$ 9 bronze1 & turn$ 9 sockets ( ! same metal2 x is ?ree feet high1 two feet n9e in*es wide1 & f\r & a qu>t] in*es ?ick2 x is cut 9 front to resemble panels1 & ?us approa*es ne>] 9 appe>ance to a mod]n wood5 door2 & x 0 fa/5$ by "s k9d ( lock1 traces ( :i* /ill rema94 #b ,an exam9ation ( ! ,roman keys 9 ! ,briti% ,museum suffici5tly atte/s ?is fact4 ,! same facts frequ5tly become m cle> :5 describ$ 9 diff]5t words by diff]5t writ]s4 ,we %all make use ( ?is circum/ance4 ,mr4 ,donaldson1 9 8 ,essay on ,anci5t ,doorways1 pres5ts u ) details :i* illu/rate _m ( ! =ego+ rem>ks4 8,hom] describes ! treasures & o!r valuable objects 7m5tion$ 9 ! ,odyssey7 z be+ kept 9 ! citadel1 secur$ m]ely by a cord intricately knott$4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 0 soon f\nd to be a v insuffici5t protection1 & !re=e a wood5 b> 0 adopt$ inside ! doors ( h\ses1 to :i* x 0 atta*$ by an iron lat*1 fa/5$ or remov$ by a key adapt$ to x2 ?is key 0 easily appli$ f )92 b 9 ord] to get at x f )\t1 a l>ge hole 0 made 9 ! door1 all[+ ! introduction ( ! h&1 s z to rea* ! lat* & apply ! key4 ,! lock call$ ! ,lac$monian1 mu* celebrat$ by anci5t writ]s1 0 inv5t$ subsequ5tly2 x 0 especially fitt$ = ! inn] *amb]s ( h\ses1 ! b> fa/5+s cont9u+ to be employ$ = clos+ ! out] doors ( dwell+s & ! entrance-gates to cities4 ,! ,lac$monian lock did n require a hole to be made 9 ! door1 = x consi/$ ( a bolt plac$ on t side ( ! entrance-door :i* op5$1 & on ! inside ( a *amb]-door4 ,:5 a p]son :o 0 outside wi%$ to ent]1 x 0 necess>y = him to ins]t ! key 9 a little hole & to raise ! bolt2 & 9 "t ?is species ( fa/5+ 0 improv$ by ! ins]tion ( ! bolt 9 an iron frame or rim p]man5tly atta*$ to ! door by a *a91 & fa/5+ ! door by ! ins]tion ( ! hasp1 ?r\gh ! eye ( :i* 0 =c$ ! bolt inside ! lock by apply+ ! key40 ,aft] quot+ a ,lat9 s5t5ce f ,v>ro 9 elucidation ( 8 subject1 ,mr4 ,donaldson proce$s to obs]ve1 t = ! mo/ "p ! locks ( ! anci5ts 7 diff]5t 9 pr9ciple f ^? ( mod]n days1 n be+ ins]t$ or mortis$ into ! doors1 nor ev5 atta*$ except by a *a92 !y 71 9 fact1 padlocks4 ,"o ( ! passages 9 ! ,odyssey allud+ to ! primitive mode ( fa/5+ ! valves or fold+-doors ( a h\se runs ?us3-- 8,:il/ to 8 c\* himself ! pr9ce address$1 ,! dute\s nurse receiv$ ! purple ve/3 ,! purple ve/ ) dec5t c>e dispos$1 ,! silv] r+ %e pull$1 ! door reclos$2 ,! bolt1 ob$i5t to ! silk5 cord1 ,to ! /rong /aple's inmo/ dep? re/or$1 ,secur$ ! valves40 ,mo/ ( ! o!r great nations ( antiquity resembl$ ei!r ! ,egyptians or ! ,greeks & ,romans1 m or less closely1 9 _! dome/ic & domicili>y arrangem5ts2 or1 at any rate1 s f> z su* humble matt]s z locks & keys are conc]n$1 we ne$ n seek f> f ^? nations = examples4 ,! ,n9eveh & o!r ,assyrian explorations h1 h[ev]1 reveal$ _m curi\s & unexpect$ facts2 f ! temples & ! palaces we may by & by p5etrate into ! h\ses & rooms ( ! citiz5s suffici5tly to "k h[ _! doors 7 fa/5$4 ,9 ! mean "t anci5t ,egypt awaits our notice4 ,sir ,j4 ,g>dn] ,wilk9son1 9 8 ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,anci5t ,egyptians1 gives ! foll[+ in=mation conc]n+ ! doors & door-fa/5+s ( t rem>kable p1 on ! au?ority ( models1 sculptures1 & pa9t+s1 /ill exi/+4 ,! doors 7 frequ5tly /a9$ s z to imitate =eign & r>e woods4 ,!y 7 ei!r ( "o or two valves1 turn+ on pieces ( metal1 & 7 secur$ )9 by a b> or by bolts4 ,"s ( ^! bronze p9s h be5 discov]$ 9 ! tombs ( ,!bes2 !y 7 fa/5$ to ! wood ) nails ( ! same metal1 ! r\nd heads ( :i* s]v$ also z ornam5ts4 ,9 ! /one l9tels & floors beh9d ! ?re%olds ( ! tombs & temples are /ill frequ5tly to be se5 ! holes 9 :i* ! pivot-p9s turn$1 z well z ^? ( ! bolts & b>s1 & ! recess = receiv+ ! op5$ valves4 ,! fold+-doors _h bolts 9 ! c5tre1 sometimes above z well z bel[2 a b> 0 plac$ across f "o wall to ! o!r4 ,9 _m ( ! anci5t ,egyptian doors !re 7 wood5 locks fix$ s z to fa/5 across ! c5tre at ! junction :]e ! two folds ( ! door met4 ,x is difficult1 by m]e inspection ( ! bas-reliefs & pa9t+s1 to decide :e!r ^! locks 7 op5$ by a key1 or 7 m]ely drawn backw>ds & =w>ds l a bolt2 b if !y 7 really locks1 x is probable t !y 7 on ! same pr9ciple z ! ,egyptian lock /ill 9 use4 ,= great] security1 ^! mod]n locks are occasionally seal$ ) a mass ( clay2 & !re is satisfactory evid5ce t ! same cu/om 0 frequ5tly obs]v$ among ! anci5t inhabitants ( t c\ntry4 ,sir ,j4 ,g4 ,wilk9son gives a repres5tation ( an iron key1 n[ 9 8 possession1 :i* he procur$ among ! tombs at ,!bes1 & :i* looks v mu* l a mod]n burgl>'s picklock4 ,9 relation to keys g5]ally1 & aft] m5tion+ ! use ( bronze = _! manufacture1 he says3 8,at a lat] p]iod1 :5 iron came into g5]al use1 keys 7 made ( t metal1 & consi/$ ( a /raight %ank ab\t five in*es 9 l5g?1 & a b> at "r angles ) x1 on :i* 7 ?ree or m project+ tee?4 ,! r+ at ! upp] extremity 0 int5d$ = ! same purpose z t ( our mod]n keys2 b we are ignorant ( ! exact "t :5 !y 7 br\ght into use2 & ! fir/ inv5tion ( locks di/9ct f bo? is equally unc]ta92 nor d ,i "k ( any positive m5tion ( a key1 :i*1 l our own1 c\ld be tak5 out ( ! lock1 previ\s to ! ye> #accf be=e our era2 & ?is is /at$ to h be5 us$ to fa/5 ! door ( ! summ] p>l\r ( ,eglon1 ! k+ ( ,moab4 ,! description "h adv]t$ to is t conta9$ 9 ,judges iii4 #bc-be3 #8,ehud w5t =? ?r\gh ! por*1 & %ut ! doors ( ! p>l\r ^u him1 & lock$ !m 444 8 s]vants 444 took a key1 & op5$ !m4'0 ,! curi\s & +5i\s wood5 lock ( anci5t ,egypt is /ill 9 use 9 ,egypt & ,turkey4 ,9 ,eton's ,survey ( ! ,turki% ,empire1 publi%$ t[>ds ! close ( ! la/ c5tury1 ! locks !n & !re 9 use are ?us describ$3 8,no?+ c be m clumsy ?an ! door-locks 9 ,turkey2 b _! me*anism to prev5t pick+ is admirable4 ,x is a curi\s ?+ to see wood5 locks ^u iron doors1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,asia1 & on _! c>avans]ais & o!r great build+s1 z well z ^u h\se-doors4 ,! key goes into ! back "p ( ! bolt1 & is compos$ ( a squ>e /ick ) five or six iron or wood5 p9s1 ab\t half an in* long1 t[>ds ! end ( x1 plac$ at irregul> di/ances1 & answ]+ to holes 9 ! upp] "p ( ! bolt1 :i* is pi]c$ ) a squ>e hole to receive ! key4 ,! key be+ put 9 z f> z x w g1 is !n lift$ up2 & ! p9s1 ent]+ ! correspond+ holes1 raise o!r p9s :i* _h dropp$ into ^! holes f ! "p ( ! lock imm$iately above1 & :i* h heads to prev5t !m fall+ l[] ?an is necess>y4 ,! bolt1 be+ ?us fre$ f ! upp] p9s1 is drawn back by means ( ! key2 ! key is !n l[]$1 & may be drawn out ( ! bolt4 ,to lock x aga91 ! bolt is only pu%$ 91 & ! upp] p9s fall into ! holes 9 ! bolt by _! own weight40 ,mr4 ,eton1 probably see+ h[ well ! tumbl]-pr9ciple is "h und]/ood1 says3 8,?is idea might be improv$ on2 b ! ,turks nev] ?9k ( improv+40 ,! locks on ! doors ( mod]n h\ses 9 ,cairo seem to be ( ?is long-e/abli%$ =m1 except :]e iron locks h be5 import$ f ,europe4 ,a lett] 0 ins]t$ 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,design = ,july #ahej f ,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,trevelyan2 9 :i*1 aft] adv]t+ to ! ,egyptian lock1 he says3 8,x is rem>kable t ! locks :i* h be5 9 use 9 ! ,f>e ,isl&s1 probably = c5turies1 are id5tical 9 _! con/ruction ) ! ,egyptian4 ,!y are1 lock & key1 9 all _! p>ts made ( wood2 ( :i* mat]ial1 if ,i mi/ake n1 !y h also be5 f\nd 9 ,egyptian catacombs2 & s id5tical ) ! ,f>ese 9 /ructure & appe>ance1 t x w\ld n be easy to di/+ui% "o f ! o!r40 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #b4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #c4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #d4 ,! con/ruction ( ?is rem>kable ,egyptian or p9-lock w be und]/ood f ! accompany+ engrav+s4 ,! quadrangul> portion1 a a fig4 #a1 is ! case ( ! lock1 screw$ or o!rwise fa/5$ to ! door1 hav+ a wood5 bolt1 b b1 pass+ horizontally ?r\gh a cavity 9 x4 ,9 ! "p ( ! case above ! bolt are sev]al small cells conta9+ head$ p9s1 arrang$ 9 any desir$ =m2 & 9 ! top ( ! bolt itself are an equal numb] ( holes simil>ly arrang$4 ,! effect ( ?is arrangem5t is su* t1 :5 br\ght into ! "r positions1 ! l[] ends ( ! head$ p9s drop into ! correspond+ holes 9 ! bolt1 !reby fa/5+ ! bolt 9 ! lock-case4 ,a l>ge holl[1 or cavity1 is made at ! expos$ end ( ! bolt1 ! cavity ext5d+ z f> z & beyond ! holes occupi$ by ! p9s4 ,! key consi/s ( a piece ( wood 7%ewn 9 two positions1 figs4 #c & #d17 hav+ p9s arrang$ l ^? 9 ! lock1 & project+ upw>ds j to a suffici5t di/ance to rea* ! upp] surface ( ! bolt4 ,?is be+ ! arrangem5t1 :5ev] ! key is introduc$ & press$ upw>ds1 its p9s exactly fill ! holes 9 ! bolt1 & by s do+ dislodge ^? :i* _h fall5 f ! upp] "p ( ! case4 ,! bolt may1 "u ^! circum/ances1 be )drawn 7z %ewn 9 fig4 #b71 leav+ ! head$ p9s elevat$ 9 _! cells1 in/ead ( occupy+ ! position %ewn by ! dott$ l9es 9 fig4 #a4 ,! cavity 9 ! bolt mu/ ( c\rse be high en\gh to receive ! ?ickness ( ! key1 & also ! l5g? ( ! p9s protrud+ f ! key4 ,?is primitive lock comprises _m ( ! be/ features ( ! tumbl] or lev]-locks ( lat] days1 z w be se5 9 a future *apt]4 ,!re w also be opportunities ( %ew+ h[ ! p9-action has be5 appli$ 9 o!r ways 9 "s ( ! mod]n locks4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,lock ,,classification4 ,,! ,,puzzle-,,lock ,,& ,,! ,,dial-,,lock4 ,9 approa*+ ! subject ( mod]n locks x becomes necess>y to decide ^u "s me?od ( treat+ ! widely-scatt]$ & div]se mat]ials :i* are pres5t$ to our notice4 ,"o plan w\ld be to trace ! subject *ronologically1 by describ+1 9 ! ord] ( _! inv5tion1 ! mo/ important locks :i* h be5 pres5t$ to public notice4 ,b ?is w\ld be att5d$ ) "s disadvantages3 ! peculi> *>act]s ( ! sev]al locks w\ld n be br\ght out ) suffici5t di/9ctness2 & ! result1 s f> z ! read] is conc]n$1 w\ld r t5d to confusion ?an to a cle> appreciation ( ! subject4 ,!re are m advantages belong+ to a classification ( locks "u c]ta9 head+s1 accord+ to "s m>k$ peculi>ities 9 _! modes ( action4 ,?is is a conv5i5t plan1 b x is n an easy "o to put 9 execution2 = inv5tors h n s\ght to place _! locks 9 any p>ticul> class1 b r to call att5tion to _! m]its4 ,moreov]1 _m locks embody two or ?ree di/9ct pr9ciples s equally1 t x w (t5 be difficult to decide 9 :i* class to place !m4 ,?is1 nev]!less1 may be done ) an approa* to correctness4 ,x is necess>y fir/1 h[ev]1 to expla9 c]ta9 te*nical t]ms by :i* locks are di/+ui%$ "o f ano!r4 ,locks1 9 tru?1 admit ( an imm5se v>iety1 :i*1 h[ev] important to be kn[n to locksmi?s1 c>p5t]s1 & o!rs employ$ on !m1 ne$ only be glanc$ at v cursorily by ! g5]al read]4 ,"s locks are nam$ accord+ to ! purposes to :i* !y are to be appli$2 o!rs accord+ to _! %ape1 or ! pr9ciples ( _! con/ruction4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !re is ! di/9ction betwe5 9-door & out-door locks4 ,( 9-door locks1 "o pr9cipal k9d is ! draw-back lock1 = /reet-doors1 9 :i* ! bolt is capable ( ma9ta9+ any "o ( ?ree positions3 x may be lock$ by ! key1 or left half-way out by ! pressure ( a spr+1 or be drawn back by a h&le4 ,9 ! fir/ position1 x c only be )drawn by ! key2 9 ! second1 x closes ! door1 b c easily be )drawn by ! h&le2 & 9 ! ?ird1 x leaves ! door unfa/5$4 ,if ^! locks are made ( iron & c>efully f9i%$1 !y are fur!r call$ iron-rim2 b if made ( wood1 suitable = back-doors & inf]ior purposes1 !y are spr+-/ock4 ,= ! doors ( rooms1 !re are ! iron-rim1 ! brass-case1 & ! mortise lock2 ! second supplants ! fir/1 & ! ?ird ! second1 z we advance 9 ! elegance ( ! door-fitt+s4 ,o!r designations = room-locks dep5d on ! numb] ( ! bolts3 ?us1 if !re be only "o bolt1 x is a dead lock or closet lock2 if !re be a second bolt1 urg$ by a spr+ & drawn back by a h&le1 x is a two-bolt lock2 & if !re be also a ?ird1 a private bolt act+ only on "o side ( ! door1 x is a ?ree-bolt lock4 ,aga91 accord+ to ! k9d ( h&le employ$1 x may be a knob lock or a r+ lock4 ,accord+ to :i* edge ( ! door x is to be fix$1 x becomes a "r-h& or a left-h& lock4 ,if ! w>ds ( ! lock are ( some:at sup]ior quality1 & b5d r\nd ne>ly to a circle1 ! lock is "o-w>d r\nd1 two-w>d r\nd1 & s =?4 ,if ! lock has no w>ds at all1 x is pla92 if ! w>ds are ( common "*1 !y are (t5 call$ :eels1 & !n ! lock becomes "o-:eel1 two-:eel1 c4 ,sometimes ! lock is nam$ f c]ta9 fanci$ resemblances 9 ! %ape ( ! w>d1 z ! ,l-w>d1 ,t-w>d1 or ,z-w>d4 ,if ! w>ds are ca/ 9 brass1 in/ead ( be+ made ( slips ( iron or copp]1 ! lock is t]m$ solid w>d4 ,( ! num]\s b small] v>ieties kn[n by ! collective "n ( cab9et locks1 !re are ! cupbo>d1 ! bookcase1 ! desk1 ! portable desk1 ! table1 ! draw]1 ! box1 ! caddy1 ! *e/1 ! c>pet-bag1 & _m o!r locks4 ,all ^! locks are fur!r call$ /raight1 :5 ! plate is to be screw$ flat aga9/ ! wood-"w2 cut1 :5 ! wood is to be s cut away z to let 9 ! lock flu% ) ! surface2 & mortise1 :5 a cavity is excavat$ 9 ! edge ( ! door = ! reception ( ! lock4 ,out-door locks are usually wood5 /ock locks1 = /ables1 gates1 c42 compris+ _m v>ieties ( ,banbury1 ba/>d1 f9e1 c4 ,!re are ,d locks & ,p locks1 = gates1 designat$ f _! %apes2 & !re are ! num]\s k9ds ( padlocks4 ,! above t]ms are employ$ *iefly betwe5 ! mak]s ( ! locks & ! p]sons :o fix !m 9 _! places2 b !re are o!r t]ms & names1 m famili>ly kn[n1 :i* w come "u notice 9 future pages4 ,x is sc>cely wor? :ile to descant ^u ! 8middle age0 ( lock-mak+--to imp>t to ! subject s mu* ( dignity z to be susceptible ( regul> hi/orical treatm5t4 ,true1 we "k t w>ds 7 employ$ be=e tumbl]s 7unless1 inde$1 ! p9s ( ! ,egyptian lock be consid]$ z tumbl]s--a "* to :i* !y pres5t consid]able claim71 & t w>ds may be tak5 z ! repres5tative ( ! m$ieval p]iod ( lock-mak+2 b x may be m pr(itable to proce$ 9 our notice ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( locks 9 an ord] :i* w 9 itself p>take some:at ( ! hi/orical "*4 ,ap>t f all ! w>d$ & tumbl] locks are ! v curi\s puzzle or lett]-locks2 a con/ruction :i* we propose to dismiss out ( h& 9 ! pres5t *apt]1 be=e treat+ ( ^? :i* h m comm]cial importance4 ,! puzzle-lock is g5]ally 9 ! =m ( a padlock1 :i* is op5$ & clos$ )\t ! use ( a key1 & :i* has c]ta9 difficulties ?r[n 9 ! way ( its be+ op5$ by any "o :o is n 9 ! secret ( ! p]son :o clos$ x4 ,x is1 9 fact1 "o ( ! locks 9 :i* ! doctr9e ( p]mutation is made to contribute to ! means ( security4 ,! key to op5 x is a mnemonic or m5tal "o1 in/ead ( "o ( /eel or iron4 ,two c5turies ago1 ! puzzle-lock attract$ f> m att5tion ?an any o!r4 ,x has always c]ta9 movable p>ts1 ! movem5t ( :i* con/itutes ! enigma4 ,"s ( ^! v curi\s & out-(-!-way locks are s =m$ z to receive ! "n ( dial-locks2 b ! *ief among !m are r+-locks--a "n ! mean+ ( :i* w be pres5tly und]/ood4 ,! puzzle or lett]-lock ( ! r+ k9d1 !n1 consi/s ess5tially ( a sp9dle2 a b>rel1 encompass+ ! sp9dle2 two end-pieces1 to keep ! sp9dle & b>rel 9 _! places2 & ! %ackle1 h+$ to "o ( ^! end-pieces4 ,to unfa/5 ! lock1 "o ( ! end-pieces mu/ be drawn out a little1 to all[ ! %ackle or horse-%oe to be turn$ on its h+e2 & ! "q arises1 !re=e1 h[ ?is end-piece is to be act$ ^u4 ,?is is effect$ 9 a v +5i\s way3 !re are f\r /uds or projections 9 a r[ on ! sp9dle1 & z ! sp9dle fits pretty closely 9 ! b>rel1 ! =m] _c be drawn out ( ! latt] unless !re be a groove 9 ! int]ior ( ! b>rel1 z a c\nt]p>t to ! /uds on ! ext]ior ( ! sp9dle2 f\r r+s fit on ! b>rel1 on ! int]ior ( ea* ( :i* !re is a groove2 & unless all ^! f\r grooves co9cide 9 direction1 & ev5 lie 9 ! same plane z ! groove 9 ! b>rel1 ! /uds w n be able to pass1 & ! sp9dle _c be drawn out4 ,ea* r+ may be easily made to "w r\nd ! b>rel by means ( ! f+]s1 & to ma9ta9 any position :i* may be giv5 to x4 ,!re are out] r+s1 "o ov] ea* ( ! r+s j describ$1 ) ! lett]s ( ! alphabet 7or a consid]able numb] ( !m7 inscrib$ on ea*2 & ^! out] r+s1 by means ( not*es on ! inside1 gov]n ! movem5ts ( ! inn] r+s4 ,! action is1 !re=e1 z foll[s3 :5 ! padlock is to be lock$1 ! r+s are s adju/$ t all ! grooves %all be 9 a "r l9e2 ! sp9dle is ?ru/ 91 ! end-piece is fix$ on1 & ! %ackle is %ut d[n4 ,! padlock is n[ fa/5$2 b a rev]se ord] ( proce$+ w\ld z easily op5 x aga91 & !re=e ! 8safety0 or 8puzzle0 pr9ciple is br\ght into requisition4 ,! out] r+s are mov$ ) ! f+]1 s z to ?r[ ! v>i\s int]ior grooves out ( a "r l9e1 & ?us prev5t ! )drawal ( ! sp9dle4 ,z ea* r+ may be turn$ r\nd ?r\gh a l>ge or a small arc1 & all turn$ 9 diff]5t degrees1 ! v>iations ( relative position may be almo/ inf9ite4 ,! lett]s on ! out] r+s are to assi/ ! own] to rememb] ! p>ticul> comb9ation :i* he _h adopt$ 9 ! act ( lock+2 = no o!r comb9ation ?an ?is w suffice to op5 ! lock4 ,!re may1 = in/ance1 be ! f\r lett]s ,l ,o ,c ,k 9 a l9e1 :i* l9e is br\ght to co9cide ) two not*es or m>ks at ! ends ( ! app>atus2 & until all ! f\r out] r+s are aga9 br\ght into su* relative position z to place ! lett]s 9 a l9e1 ! lock _c be op5$4 ,!re are _m allusions to locks1 app>5tly belong+ to ! lett] or puzzle pr9ciple1 9 au?ors :o fl\ri%$ two or ?ree c5turies ago4 ,?us1 9 ,beaumont & ,flet*]'s play ( ! ,noble ,g5tleman1 writt5 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 "o ( ! *>act]s speaks ( 8,a cap-case = y\r l95 & y\r plate1 ,) a /range lock t op5s ) ,a,m,e,n40 ,& 9 "s v]ses by ,c>ew1 writt5 ab\t ! same "t1 !re is an analogy drawn1 9 :i* "o ( ! ?+s comp>$ is-- 8,a lock ,t goes ) lett]s2 = till e "o be kn[n1 ,! lock's z fa/ z if y _h f\nd none40 ,9 ! ,memorabilia ( ,vanhag5 von ,ense1 writt5 ab\t ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 a comm5datory notice is giv5 ( a lett]-lock1 or comb9ation-lock1 inv5t$ by ,m4 ,regni]1 ,director ( ! ,muse d',artill]ie at ,p>is4 8,regni]10 we are told1 80 a man ( "s inv5tion1 & _h tak5 out a pat5t = a sort ( lock1 :i* made "s noise at ! "t4 ,e body prais$ 8 inv5tion1 & b\ght 8 locks4 ,^! consi/$ ( broad /eel r+s1 f\r1 five1 or eight deep1 ^u ea* ( :i* ! alphabet 0 engrav$2 ^! turn$ r\nd on a cyl9d] ( /eel1 & only sep>at$ :5 ! lett]s =m+ a p>ticul> ^w 7 9 a /raight l9e ) "o ano!r4 ,! ^w 0 select$ f among a ?\s&1 & ! *oice 0 ! secret ( ! pur*as]4 ,any "o n kn[+ ! ^w might turn ! r+ r\nd = ye>s )\t succe$+ 9 f9d+ ! "r "o4 ,! workman%ip 0 excell5t1 & ,regni] 0 pr\d] ( ?is ?an ( ! inv5tion itself4 ,! latt] po9t might be conte/$4 ,i _h a vague recollection ( hav+ se5 some?+ ( ! sort be=e2 b :5 ,i v5tur$ to say s1 my suspicions 7 treat$ ) scorn & indignation1 & ,i 0 n able to prove my ass]tion2 b _m ye>s aft]w>ds1 :5 a book1 :i* z a boy ,i _h (t5 dilig5tly read1 fell into my h&s1 ,regni]'s lock 0 sudd5ly display$4 ,! book 0 call$ ,silve/ri a ,petrasancta ,symbola ,h]oica1 pr9t$ at ,am/]dam 9 #afhb4 ,!re 0 an explanation at p4 #bed1 atta*$ to a picture2 ^! 7 ! words3--,honorius de ,bellis1 s]ul innex orbibus volubilibus ac lit]atis circumscripsit hoc lemma--,sorte aut labore4#c ,h[ev]1 nei!r luck nor lab\r w\ld h done mu* m t[>ds discov]+ ! secret ( op5+ ,regni]'s locks1 f ! v>iety ( _! comb9ations2 & _! security seem$ s great1 t ! c\ri]s' despat*-boxes 7 g5]ally fa/5$ ) !m40 #c 8,honorius de ,bellis wrote ?is inscription1--,by *ance or by lab\r1--r\nd a lock compos$ ( revolv+ r+s grav5 ) lett]s40 ,?is curi\s extract1 :i* 0 br\ght =w>d by ,mr4 ,*ubb1 9 a pap] on locks & keys 7read be=e ! ,in/itution ( ,civil ,eng9e]s 9 #ahej71 seems to take away ! cr$it f "o 7,regni]7 ) ^: "n ! lett]-lock has be5 mo/ intimately associat$4 ,we %all pres5tly expla91 h[ev]1 :at x 0 t ,regni] effect$ t[>ds p]fect+ ! lett]-lock4 ,9 ! meantime x may be int]e/+ to note t ! ,briti% ,museum conta9s a copy ( ! "w m5tion$ by ,vanhag54 ,at ! page indicat$ !re is an engrav+ 7a fac-simile ( :i* is giv5 9 fig4 #e7 conta9+ a draw+ ( a v]itable puzzle or lett]-lock2 ! lock consi/s ( a cyl9d] or b>rel1 on :i* sev5 r+s "w2 ea* ( ^! r+s is inscrib$ ) lett]s1 & ! ends ( ! cyl9d] are grasp$ by a k9d ( %ackle4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #e4 ,puzzle-lock ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,x 0 a natural result ( ! arrangem5t ( ! lett]-lock1 z inv5t$ 7conjecturally7 by ,c>dan1 t only "o p>ticul> ^w or ciph] or key c\ld be us$ 9 ea* lock2 & x 0 to increase ! puzzle-p[] ( ! lock t ,regni] d\bl$ all ! r+s1 mak+ ea* pair conc5tric1 & enabl+ ! us] to v>y ! ciph] at pleasure4 ,! pr9ciple ( ! lett]-lock1 :5 appli$ to doors1 requires t sort ( modification :i* r5d]s x :at is t]m$ a dial-lock4 ,!re are to su* a lock "o or m dials1 ) a s]ies ( lett]s or figures /amp$ on !m2 !re is to ea* dial a h& or po9t] connect$ by a sp9dle ) a :eel inside ! lock2 on ! :eel is a not* :i* has to be br\ght to a c]ta9 position be=e ! bolt c be mov$4 ,!re are false not*es1 to add to ! difficulty ( f9d+ ! true not* 9 ea* :eel4 ,to adju/ ! not*es to _! prop] position1 a nut on ! back ( ! :eel is loos5$1 & ! po9t] is set at any lett] or figure *os5 by ! us]4 ,! po9t]s & ! dials p]=m ! "p ( ! out] r+s1 ! :eels t ( ! inn] r+s2 & x is easy to see t ! same lead+ features prevail 9 ! two k9ds ( lock1 h[ev] !y may diff] 9 detail4 ,^! dial-locks h n be5 num]\s2 !y require :eel & p9ion "w )9 ! body ( ! lock1 :i* gives delicacy & complication to ! me*anism4 ,! lett] padlock1 be its m]its great or small1 is /rong & durable1 n liable to get out ( ord]2 & 9 s f> z x requires no key or key-hole1 x occupies r a special position among locks4 ,"o ( our great 8m]*ant-pr9ces0 has be5 a lett]-lock inv5tor1 z ! foll[+ w %ew4 ,e>ly 9 #aheb1 ,mr4 ,william ,br[n1 ! di/+ui%$ memb] = ,s\? ,lanca%ire1 read a pap] be=e ! ,ar*itectural & ,ar*ological ,society ( ,liv]pool1 ( mu* int]e/ 9 relation to our pres5t subject4 ,8 object 0 to describe a lett]-lock :i* he _h inv5t$1 & :i* _h up to t "t giv5 high satisfaction4 ,we _c d bett] ?an transcribe ! pap]1 z report$ 9 "o ( ! ,liv]pool ,j\rnals1 ) a few abridgm5ts4 8,z y\r society are desir\s ( see+ any improvem5ts or attempts at !m1 ,i s5d y a /ock-lock = inspection4 ,! idea = its con/ruction ,i took f a lett]-padlock4 ,i _h a lock ( ?is description made by ,mr4 ,pooley tw5ty-five ye>s ago1 :i* has be5 9 use ev] s9ce on ,br[n1 ,%ipley1 & ,co4's safe4444 8,its advantages ,i conceive to be--,fir/1 x _c be pick$1 = !re is no key-hole4 ,second1 x _c be bl[n up by gunp[d]1 = ! same reason4 ,?ird1 y _c drill ?r\gh ! door s z to rea* ! lock1 = y are int]cept$ by a /eel plate on :i* y\r tools w n act3 ?us y _c introduce gunp[d] t way to =ce ! lock (f4 ,f\r?1 y _c b\nce (f ! :eels 9 ! int]ior ) a muffl$ hamm]1 = vulcanis$ ,india-rubb] spr+s resi/ ?is4 ,fif?1 y _c drill ! sp9dles out1 z _! heads are case-h>d5$4 ,six?1 y _c drive !m 91 = !y are c\nt]sunk 9 ! door ab\t half-way ?r\gh4444 8,n[ let u set ! lock to ! ^w ,w ,o ,o ,d 7any o!r f\r lett]s might be us$74 ,:5 y set ! lock1 make a private record ( !m1 s t y may n =get !m4 ,if p>ties d n "k y\r lett]s1 no?+ b viol5ce1 appli$ by "s means or o!r1 c enable !m to get into y\r safe2 = ! lock w n op5 to any ?+ b its talisman4 ,take (f all ! l>ge :eels & op5 ! lock3 y w see t ! l>ge :eels h a numb] ( false *amb]s2 if y get ! spurs ( ! bolt into ?ree real *amb]s & "o false1 y are z fa/ z ev]1 = all f\r mu/ be "r4 8,hav+ plac$ y\r key & po9t] outside ! door to po9t to ,w on brass-plate ,no4 #a1 ! small :eel inside obeys ! same impulse2 !n ma9ta9 y\r small :eel /eadily on ?is po9t1 & ! l>ge :eel ,no4 #a w only fit on at ! "r place1 ! true op5+ comp>tm5t be+ opposite ! spur ( ! bolt4 ,x be+ necess>y at ! "t y set y\r lock t x %\ld be op51 proce$ ) ,nos4 #b & #c 9 ! same way1 y\r po9t] /&+ /eadily at ,o4 ,no4 #d is ! same1 ! po9t] be+ held /eadily at ,d4 ,y %\ld !n %oot y\r lock two or ?ree times1 to be sure y h made no mi/ake4 ,e "t y %oot y\r bolts out1 turn y\r :eels away f ! true *amb]1 & see :5 y aga9 turn y\r po9t]s to ,w ,o ,o ,d t y\r lock op5s freely2 x is ! pro( t y h made no mi/ake1 & y may n[ v5ture to lock y\r safe4 ,:5 y unlock ! door1 & f9d x necess>y to leave x op5 = a "t1 y %\ld %oot ! bolts z if lock$1 & turn ! :eels1 s t no "o may f9d :at y\r real lett]s are2 & aga9 adju/ !m to _! prop] places1 9 ord] t ! bolt may g back & enable y to re-lock4 ,once hav+ lock$ ! door & turn$ ! :eels f y\r real lett]s1 y ne$ n tr\ble y\rself ) c>ry+ ! key1 b leave x 9 any place beside ! lock4 8,i believe two :eels w\ld make a p]fectly safe lock2 ?ree w\ld be q s4 ,i adopt$ f\r to make security d\bly sure1 z x w\ld be impossible 9 any giv5 "t to "w ! *anges4 ,on two :eels by *ance ! lock might op52 y c1 h[ev]1 calculate ! *ances aga9/ ?is2 & also ?ree or f\r1 ! false comp>tm5t on ! out] rim be+ tak5 into calculation4 99 99 99 8,if ?is lock is ( any value1 x %\ld be kn[n2 if x has weak po9ts1 let !m be po9t$ out1 & !y may admit ( a rem$y2 = we ought n to be l$ to believe a lock is safe :i* is n s40 ,9 relation to ! 8fir/ advantage0 :i* ,mr4 ,br[n n unreasonably suppos$ to be possess$ by 8 lock--viz4 t 8x _c be pick$1 because x has no keyhole0--we %all h some?+ to say 9 a future page1 :]e c]ta9 fallacies on ?is subject w be notic$4 ,9 ! meantime we may rem>k1 t x is n a little cr$itable t a lead+ ,liv]pool m]*ant %\ld h inv5t$ a lock wor?y ( occupy+ a position on 8 own safe = a qu>t] ( a c5tury2 = we may be q c]ta9 t he w\ld n h all[$ ! lock to ma9ta9 t po/ ( hon\r unless x _h really 7s f> z exp]i5ce _h !n gone7 s]v$ wor?ily z a safegu>d to 8 treasures4 ,& if x 7 possible to collect all ! by-gone specim5s ( lock-oddities1 we %\ld probably f9d among !m _m highly-+5i\s lett]-locks2 = suppos+ a man to h a me*anical turn ( m9d1 a lock is by no means an unwor?y m$ium = display+ x2 ! pieces ( metal are s small z to be easily manageable at a small "w-b5* 9 a small room4 ,! fondness = ?is sort ( employm5t ev9c$ by ! un=tunate ,l\is ,,xvi4 ( ,france l$ to ! common rem>k1 8,he is a capital locksmi?1 b a v bad k+40 ,9 an amus+ article 9 ! ,obs]v]1 dur+ ! progress ( ! 8lock controv]sy10 0 ! foll[+ p>agraph relat+ to comb9ation-locks ( ! lett] or puzzle k9d3 8,! ,fr5*1 9 _! exposition ( #ahdd1 avail+ !mselves ( ! p]mutation pr9ciple1 produc$ "s m>vels 9 ! art2 b ! pr9ciple has n be5 adopt$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! ,*>iv>i _h an amus+ quiz ^u ^! locks :5 !y fir/ came out4 ,x said ! proprietor ( su* a lock mu/ h an excell5t memory3 =get ! lett]s1 & y are cle>ly %ut out f y\r own h\se4 ,= in/ance1 a g5tleman gets to 8 door ) 8 family1 aft] a c\ntry excursion1 at elev5 o'clock at night1 9 ! mid/ ( a p]fect deluge ( ra94 ,he hunts out 8 alphabetical key1 & ?ru/s x into 8 alphabetical lock1 & says ,a ,z ,b ,x4 ,! lock rema9s z firm z ev]4 #8,plague take x6' says ! wor?y citiz51 z ! bl9d+ ra9 drives 9 8 eyes4 ,he !n recollects t t 0 8 comb9ation = ! previ\s day4 ,he scrat*es 8 head to facilitate ! movem5t ( 8 intellectual faculties1 & makes a r&om guess ,b ,c ,l ,o2 b he has no bett] success4 ,9 addition to 8 be+ well wet1 8 *ances ( hitt+ on ! "r comb9ations & p]mutations are b small1 see+ t ! numb] is some:]e ab\t ?ree millions five hundr$ & fifty-?ree ?\s& five hundr$ & sev5ty-eight4 ,accord+ly1 :5 he comes to ! ?ree-hundr$? he loses all pati5ce1 & beg9s to kick & batt] ! door2 b a patrol ( ! ,national ,gu>d passes by1 & ! di/urb] ( ! /reets is m>*$ (f to ! wat*-h\se40 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,w>d$ ,,locks1 ,,) ,,_! ,,v>i$ ,,app5dages4 ,! m ord9>y locks are ( an oblong quadrangul> %ape4 ,9 ne>ly all ( !m1 ei!r a bolt %oots out f ! lock1 to cat* into "s k9d ( /aple or box1 or a /aple ent]s a hole 9 ! edge ( ! lock1 & is !re act$ ^u by ! bolt4 ,a common room-door lock w illu/rate ! fir/ ( ^! k9ds1 a tea-caddy lock ! second4 ,! key1 z is well kn[n1 ent]s a receptacle made = x2 & ! %aft ( ! key g5]ally s]ves z a pivot or axis ar\nd :i* ! web or flat "p ( ! key may move 9 a circul> c\rse4 ,dur+ ?is movem5t ! web acts directly or indirectly on ! bolt1 driv+ x 9 or out accord+ to ! direction 9 :i* ! key is turn$2 ! key impels ! bolt "o way1 c]ta9 spr+s act ^u x 9 ano!r1 & ! balance betwe5 ^! two =ces det]m9es ! lock+ & unlock+ ( ! bolt4 ,w>ds1 or :eels1 are contrivances = r5d]+ ! op5+ difficult )\t ! prop] key2 & x is ( w>d$ locks t we %all *iefly treat 9 ?is *apt]4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #f4 ,int]ior ( a back-spr+ w>d$ lock4 ,! annex$ cut1 fig4 #f1 repres5ts ! int]ior ( an ord9>y back-spr+ lock1 )\t tumbl]s4 ,su* a lock may usually be kn[n f a tumbl]-lock by ?is simple circum/ance1 t x emits a sm>t snapp+ noise dur+ ! process ( lock+1 occasion$ by ! pressure ( ! spr+ :5 ! bolt is 9 a p>ticul> position4 ,9 ! woodcut ! bolt is repres5t$ half out1 or half %ot4 ,at a a are two not*es on ! "u side ( ! bolt connect$ by a curv$ "p2 b is ! back spr+1 :i* becomes compress$ by ! passage ( ! curve ?r\gh a limit$ ap]ture 9 ! rim c c ( ! lock4 ,:5 ! bolt is :olly )drawn1 "o ( ! not*es a re/s ^u ! rim c c2 & ! =ce ) :i* ! not* falls into ?is position1 urg$ by ! spr+ b1 gives rise to ! snapp+ or click+ noise4 ,:5 ! bolt is :olly %ot1 ! o!r not* re/s 9 l mann] ^u ! edge ( ! ap]ture 9 ! rim4 ,x mu/ be obvi\s at a glance1 t ?is back-spr+ lock is objectionable on ! score ( security1 on acc\nt ( ! facility ) :i* ! bolt may be =c$ back by any pressure appli$ to its end1 a pressure :i* may (t5 easily be br\ght to be>4 ,at ! c5tre ( ! lock is se5 ! end ( ! key act+ on a not* 9 ! bolt1 & surr\nd$ by w>ds4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #g4 ,section to %ew ! action ( w>ds4 ,x is n at a fir/ glance t ! relation betwe5 ! clefts 9 a key & ! w>ds ( a lock c be duly appreciat$2 because ! w>ds pres5t !mselves to view z portions ( circles to :i* no?+ 9 ! key seems to correspond2 b if x be borne 9 m9d t ! key has a rot>y motion )9 ! key-hole ar\nd ! pipe or b>rel z an axis1 ! circul> =m ( ! w>ds w be acc\nt$ =1 & _! section w be reg>d$ z exhibit+ ! look$-= relation to ! w>ds ( ! key4 ,9 ! annex$ cut1 = example 7fig4 #g71 :i* repres5ts a portion ( ! int]ior ( a w>d$ lock1 ! curv$ pieces ( metal are ! w>ds 7two 9 ?is case72 & !re are two clefts 9 ! bitt ( ! key to enable ! latt] to take its circul> c\rse )\t int]ruption f ! w>ds4 ,if ! clefts 7 o!r ?an !y are1 ei!r 9 numb]1 position1 or size1 ?is fre$om ( ! key's movem5t c\ld n be obta9$4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #h4 ,end sections ( keys4 ,:5 once ! op9ion became e/abli%$ t a lock is r5d]$ secure by virtue ( its w>ds1 7a !ory :i* we %all h to discuss 9 a lat] page17 mu* +5uity 0 display$ 9 v>y+ ! w>ds ( ! lock1 ! clefts ( ! key1 & ! %ape ( ! keyhole4 ,ev5 if ! two =m] 7 un*ang$1 a *ange 9 ! latt] might add to ! puzzlem5t ( ! arrangem5t4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! annex$ cut 7fig4 #h71 all ! six keys repres5t$ may h clefts or cuts exactly alike1 all alike adapt$ to ! w>ds ( "o p>ticul> lock2 yet ! diff]5ces 9 ! ?ickness ( ! web are su*1 t if ! keyholes 7 %ap$ 9 con=mity !re)1 ea* keyhole w\ld be ent]$ by "o ( ^! keys2 b & c diff]+ f a 9 ! relative ?ickness at diff]5t po9ts1 & d1 e1 & f hav+ c]ta9 curvatures & cavities n to be f\nd 9 ! o!r ?ree4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #i4 ,examples to %ew ! action ( 8ma/]10 or 8skeleton keys40 ,b )\t wait+ = ! detail$ exam9ation ( ! relative security & insecurity ( locks1 we may at once %ew h[ simple is ! pr9ciple :i* r5d]s ! w>d$ sy/em fallaci\s4 ,9 fig4 #i we %all be able to illu/rate ?is4 ,numb]s #a1 #b1 & #c1 all appe> v diff]5t keys1 & x is q true t nei!r "o w\ld op5 a lock adapt$ = ei!r ( ! o!r two2 & yet ! v simple arrangem5t ,no4 #d w\ld op5 all ?ree4 ,?is ,no4 #d is call$ a skeleton-key2 & ! relation :i* x be>s to ! o!rs may be express$ 9 ! =m ( a proposition ?us3 at any po9t :]e !re is solid metal 9 all ! keys1 !re mu/ 7or may7 be solid metal 9 ! correspond+ "p ( ! skeleton-key2 b at any po9t :]e !re is a vacancy or cavity 9 any ( ! keys1 !re mu/ be a cavity 9 ! correspond+ "p ( ! skeleton-key4 ,if ,nos4 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 be exam9$1 ?is proposition w be f\nd to be borne out2 !re is s mu* cavity 9 ,no4 #d t x avoids ! w>ds 9 all ! ?ree locks1 no?+ be+ requir$ b ! tongue ( metal to move ! bolt4 ,sometimes1 to add to ! safety1 w>ds are atta*$ to ! front z well z ! back plate ( ! lock2 & !n !re may be a d\ble s]ies ( not*es requir$ 9 ! key1 su* z 9 ,no4 #e2 b if ?is be comp>$ ) ,nos4 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 x w be f\nd t al?\gh no "o ( ! f\r w\ld op5 a lock adapt$ = ei!r ( ! o!r ?ree1 yet ! skeleton-key ,no4 #ab w\ld ma/] !m all1 hav+ cavities :]ev] any ( ! o!rs h cavities4 ,?is is ! !ory ( ! ma/]-key1 by :i* "o key may be made to comm& _m locks4 ,nos4 #f & #g h complicat$ w>ds2 b ! key is s mu* cut up z to be weak5$ m ?an is desirable4 ,no4 #h enables u to po9t out ! diff]5ce betwe5 two di/9ct classes ( keys4 ,keys ) pipes or b>rels fitt+ on a p9 or pipe-%aft c only op5 a lock on "o side ( ! door or box2 b a key ) a solid /em1 z ,no4 #h1 has ! clefts s cut z to op5 ! lock f ei!r side1 z 9 a /reet-door lock3 x is1 9 fact1 two w>d$ keys fix$ end to end1 only half ( :i* is employ$ at "o "t 9 op5+ ! lock4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #aj4 ,w>ds ( an old ,fr5* lock4 ,"s ( ! w>d$ locks ( ! la/ c5tury are curi\s4 ,:ile ! idea prevail$ t a complicat$ w>d gave security1 !re 0 room = ! ex]cise ( +5uity 9 v>y+ ! %ape ( ! w>ds4 ,fig4 #aj is copi$ f ! great ,fr5* "w4 ,x repres5ts ! cuts 9 ! key1 & also 7se5 p]spectively7 ! complicat$ =ms ( ! pieces ( metal :i* con/itute ! w>ds correspond+ ) ^? cuts4 ,! ap]ture 9 ! key at #af fits ^u ! metal surr\nd+ ! keyhole at #ah2 & ! ,m-%ap$ cuts at #ag fit 9 l mann] ^u ! simil>ly-%ap$ metal pieces at #ai4 ,ano!r example ( a simil> k9d is %ewn 9 fig4 #aa1 :]e an an*or appe>s to h be5 ! fav\rite =m4 ,! an*or cuts 9 ! key are %ewn at #bf2 :ile 9 ! w>ds ! bottom ( ! an*or is ne> ! keyhole at #bh1 & ! top at #bi4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #aa4 ,w>ds ( an old ,fr5* lock4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #ab4 ,w>ds ( an old ,fr5* lock4 ,a simil> illu/ration occurs 9 fig4 #ab1 :]e ! />-l cuts at #cd on ! key correspond ) ! />-l w>ds at #cc4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #ac4 ,ext]ior ( an old secret lock4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #ad4 ,! same1 ) a portion ( ! front let d[n1 %ew+ ! key-hole4 ,f ! fifte5? to ! eighte5? c5turies locks 7 made 9 ,france1 on :i* a va/ am\nt ( c>e & exp5se 0 be/[$4 ,!y 71 9 an especial degree1 decorative app5dages z well z fa/5+s4 ,!y 7 ( ?ree k9ds3 room-locks1 buffet-locks1 & *e/-locks2 !y 7 fix$ on ! outside ( ! door or lid1 s z to be fully visible4 ,! key _h a multitude ( p]=ations :i* bore no p>ticul> relation to ! w>ds ( ! lock1 b :i* 7 reg>d$ z te/s ( ! workman's skill4 ,! honor>y di/9ctions aw>d$ to appr5tices & aspirants 9 ! art dep5d$ v mu* on ! numb] & f9e execution ( ^! p]=at$ keys4 ,! locks1 consid]$ z fa/5+s1 _h sl5d] m]it2 al?\gh usually ?r[+ f\r bolts1 !y 7 n v secure4 ,fig4 #ac repres5ts ! ext]ior ( a lock made ab\t ! ye> #agcj1 by ,brid\1 a celebrat$ ,p>isian locksmi?4 ,x 0 a lock belong+ to a c(f] or /rong *e/2 all ! works be+ sunk bel[ ! level ( a c>v$ ar*itectural m\ld+ or ornam5t4 ,!re is a secret op5+ ne> ! "p ,c1 =m+ a portion ( ! ornam5tal design2 x all[s a bolt1 %ewn at ,d1 fig4 #ad1 act$ on by ! spr+ ,e1 to be t\*$1 by :i* a doorway op5s ^u ! h+es at ,b ,b4 ,a ,a are a sort ( pila/]s1 :i* aid 9 =m+ a hold = ! bolts4 ,! little ornam5t at ,c is drawn d[n by ! h&1 op5+ ! secret door & reveal+ ! key-hole ,g4 ,s ,s1 ,o ,o1 ,z ,z1 are ornam5ts fa/5$ on at b c d1 fig4 #ad1 by nuts & screws1 int5d$ to display ! skill ( ! workman4 ,! lock itself1 access to ! keyhole ( :i* is obta9$ )9 ! secret door1 has no?+ v rem>kable ab\t x4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #ae4 ,examples ( true & false keys4 ,mr4 ,*ubb1 9 8 pap] read be=e ! ,in/itute ( ,civil ,eng9e]s1 illu/rat$ ! insecurity ( ! w>d$ lock by ! example ( "o :i* _h actually be5 plac$ 9 ! /rong-room ( a bank+ h\se1 & :i* is repres5t$ 9 ! annex$ cut 7fig4 #ae74 ,! w>ds are "h %ewn1 surr\nd+ ! c5tral key-p92 & f ! appe>ance ( ! key1 %ewn at a1 x is evid5t t ^! w>ds mu/ h be5 r complex4 ,b ! uselessness ( ! w>ds 0 prov$ by ! result4 ,a burgl> employ$ an in/rum5t1 %ap$ l t at b1 hav+ on "o ( its faces1 or sides1 a lay] ( wax & yell[ soap2 ?is in/rum5t1 be+ introduc$ ?r\gh ! keyhole & turn$ a little way r\nd1 br\ght ! s(t composition 9 contact ) ! ends ( ! w>ds1 & ^! ends ?us left _! impress on ! composition4 ,a false key 0 !n made1 z at c1 :i*1 h[ev] clumsy x may appe>1 has a cavity1 or vacuity1 :]e !re is a cavity 9 ! true key2 & by su* a surreptiti\s in/rum5t 0 ! lock op5$4 ,ev5 s rude an in/rum5t z d1 by pass+ r\nd ! w>ds1 might op5 su* a lock4 ,we are some:at anticipat+ ! full consid]ation ( ?is subject2 b x is desirable at once to expla9 h[ & :y an improvem5t on ! w>d$ lock 0 s\ght =4 ,9 connexion ) ! fanciful eighte5?-c5tury locks1 lately adv]t$ to1 we may rem>k1 t no less a man ?an ,l\is ,,xvi4 0 an amateur workman 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( me*anical art--or at lea/ 9 smi?'s "w1 :i* 9 ,france is g5]ally consid]$ to include lock-mak+4 ,sir ,ar*ibald ,alison says1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,europe3--8,he _h an extraord9>y fondness = a?letic occupation & me*anical lab\r2 insomu* t he frequ5tly work$ sev]al h\rs a-day ) a blacksmi? ( ! "n ( ,gam91 :o taught him ! art ( wield+ ! hamm] & manag+ ! =ge4 ,he took ! greate/ int]e/ 9 ?is occupation1 & load$ 8 preceptor 9 ! art ) k9dness2 :o return$ x by betray+ to ! ,conv5tion a secret iron recess :i* !y _h toge!r work$ out 9 ! walls ( ! cab9et 9 ! ,tuil]ies1 :]e9 to deposit 8 secret pap]s dur+ ! /orms ( ! ,revolution40 ,!re are n want+ indications t ! un=tunate mon>* wr\ght ^u locks1 z well z ^u safes & /rong-rooms4 ,besides w>ds1 !re h be5 num]\s o!r contrivances = add+ to ! security ( locks--includ+ screws1 escut*eons1 spiral spr+s1 :eel-&-p9ion "w1 al>ums1 & multiple bolts4 ,z ^! are n ( suffici5t importance to be treat$ 9 sep>ate *apt]s1 we %all "h give j s mu* notice ( !m z w illu/rate _! g5]al "*4 ,"s ( !m are f\nd comb9$ ) ! 8tumbl]0 pr9ciple1 pres5tly to be describ$2 b all ( !m1 x is n[ well kn[n1 7 employ$ 9 v>i\s1 ways :5 ! tumbl] lock 0 b little und]/ood1 & :5 ! w>d$ lock 0 held 9 e/eem4 ,! ,m>quis ( ,worce/]1 ^: curi\s ,c5tury ( ,inv5tions1 writt5 ne>ly two hundr$ ye>s ago1 conta9s s _m sugge/ions :i* +5uity has s9ce develop$ into practical complet5ess1 gives f\r ( 8 inv5tions 9 ! foll[+ words3-- #fi4 8,a way h[ a little triangle screw$ key1 n weigh+ a %ill+1 %all be capable & /rong en\gh to bolt & unbolt1 r\nd ab\t a great *e/1 an hundr$ bolts1 ?r\gh fifty /aples1 two 9 ea*1 ) a direct contr>y motion2 & z _m m f bo? sides & ends2 &1 at ! self-same "t1 %all fa/5 x to ! place beyond a man's natural /r5g? to take x away2 & 9 "o & ! same turn bo? locke? & op5e? x4 #gj4 8,a key ) a rose-turn+ pipe & two roses pi]c$ ?r\gh endwise ! bit !re(1 ) sev]al h&somely contriv$ w>ds1 :i* may likewise d ! same effects4 #ga4 8,a key1 p]fectly squ>e1 ) a screw turn+ )9 x1 & m conceit$ ?an any ( ! re/1 & no heavi] ?an ! triangle screw$ key1 & do? ! same effects4 #gb4 8,an escut*eon1 to be plac$ be=e any ( ^! locks1 ) ^! prop]ties3 ,fir/1 ! own]1 ?\gh a woman1 may ) h] delicate h& v>y ! ways ( caus+ to op5 ! lock t5 millions ( times beyond ! k ( ! smi? t made x1 or ( me t inv5t$ x4 ,second1 if a /rang] op5 x1 x sette? an al>um a-go+1 :i* ! /rang] _c /op f runn+ out2 & besides1 ?\gh none %all be )9 he>+1 yet x cat*e? 8 h& z a trap do? a fox2 & ?\gh f> f maim+ him1 yet x leave? su* a m>k beh9d x z w discov] him if suspect$2 ! escut*eon or lock pla9ly %ew+ :at money he ha? tak5 out ( ! box to a f>?+1 & h[ _m times op5$ s9ce ! own] _h be5 at x40 ,mr4 ,p>t+ton1 9 8 edition ( ! m>quis's s+ul> "w1 makes a few comm5ts on ^! lock-&-key contrivances4 ,he says t ! lock is evid5tly int5d$ to op]ate on ! pr9ciple ( apply+ a screw = ! purpose ( mov+ ! bolt1 in/ead ( us+ a key z a lev] = ?is purpose4 ,t su* a plan might be appli$ to locks g5]ally1 he obs]ves1 !re c be no d\bt2 & by a simil> contrivance ! l>ge keys at pres5t 9 use = out] doors1 iron *e/s1 c4 might be advantage\sly r$uc$ by ?is means4 ,by employ+ ! escut*eon m5tion$ by ! m>quis1 mu* additional security w\ld be obta9$4 ,x mu/ be confess$1 h[ev]1 t _m ( ! m>quis's /atem5ts are difficult to cr$it4 ,! escut*eon has be5 a fav\rite res\rce ) lock-mak]s4 ,mr4 ,mordan's escut*eon1 = in/ance1 introduc$ be=e ! ,society ( ,arts 9 #ahcj1 is a contrivance to be plac$ tempor>ily ov] ! keyhole ( a door1 to prev5t ! pick+ ( ! lock dur+ ! own]'s abs5ce4 ,! escut*eon1 or 8protector10 has a %ort pipe :i*1 aft] ! door has be5 lock$1 is ?ru/ into ! keyhole2 atta*$ to ! pipe is a small lock1 on ,bramah's or any o!r conv5i5t pr9ciple1 s contriv$ t1 on turn+ its key1 two lancet-%ap$ pieces fly out lat]ally & bury !mselves 9 ! wood4 ,! escut*eon _c be remov$ until ! small key has react$ ^u ! small lock2 & until ?is removal has tak5 place1 ! l>ge key _c rea* ! keyhole4 ,a curi\s application ( ! escut*eon pr9ciple attract$ "s att5tion among locksmi?s ab\t sev5ty ye>s ago4 ,"o ( ! fir/ premiums aw>d$ by ! ,society ( ,arts1 aft] ! comm5cem5t ( _! 8,transactions10 0 to ,mr4 ,m>%all1 = a 8secret escut*eon10 9 #aghd4 ,9 8 description ( 8 new inv5tion1 he adv]ts to ! m>quis ( ,worce/]'s wond]ful escut*eon1 & to ! _m attempts :i* h s9ce be5 made to produce an app>atus :i* %\ld realise ! m>quis's description4 ,he supposes t ! lett] padlock orig9at$ z "o among _m v>ieties ( ^! imitative inv5tions2 b ?is may be d\bt$4 ,mr4 ,m>%all's contrivance1 h[ev]1 0 9 effect an endeav\r to improve ^u ! lett]-lock4 ,he consid]$ x an objection t1 9 ord9>y locks ( ?is k9d1 ! lett]-r+s admit ( no v>iation ( place2 & he s\ght to rem$y ?is defect4 ,x is n s mu* a new lock1 z an escut*eon = a lock1 :i* he produc$4 ,!re is a /udd$ b> pass+ ?r\gh a b>rel2 !re are five r+s :i* "w conc5trically on ?is b>rel2 !re are lett]s on ! out] surfaces ( ! r+s1 & not*es on ! inn] surface2 b :51 by ! usual puzzle-action ( ! r+s1 ! not*es 9 !m h be5 br\ght into a "r l9e ) ! /uds ( ! b>1 ! result is1 n t ! hasp ( a padlock is rais$1 b t ! escut*eon is remov$ f ! keyhole ( an ord9>y lock4 ,mr4 ,m>%all's contrivance1 !re=e1 is n s mu* a r+ padlock1 z a puzzle-r+ security = ! escut*eon ( a fix$ lock4 ,"s locks "w by a screw & a spiral spr+1 in/ead ( an ord9>y key4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,russell receiv$ a silv] m$al f ! ,society ( ,arts1 ab\t ?irty ye>s ago1 = a new mode ( lock+ ! cocks ( liquor-casks4 ,"u ord9>y circum/ances1 z is well kn[n1 ! cock ( a b>rel or cask is 9 no way secure f ! action ( any "o :o c approa* ne> en\gh to t\* x2 & diff]5t me?ods h be5 adopt$ ( obta9+ ?is security or secrecy4 ,"o plan is to employ a p]=at$ cap1 s(t-sold]$ to ! b>rel ( ! cock1 imm$iately ov] ! groov$ plug1 ! top ( :i* plug is =m$ to ! %ape ( ! p]=ation1 & a socket-key ( ! same =m is introduc$ to turn ! plug or op5 ! lock4 ,ano!r plan is to employ an iron saddle or /aple1 pass+ ov] ! plug & bel[ ! bottom ( ! cock1 ?r\gh :i* a bolt is put1 & a p5d5t padlock atta*$4 ,! fir/ me?od is v ineffici5t2 ! second is mu* sup]ior1 & has be5 l>gely adopt$ = lock+ ! cocks ( copp]s1 /ills1 vats1 & o!r l>ge vessels4 ,b ,mr4 ,russell ?\ght "s fur!r improvem5t want$4 ,he caus$ a hole to be bor$ ?r\gh ! b>rel1 & to "s dep? into ! plug :5 ! latt] is 9 ! position = clos+ ! cock4 ,a /ud works into ?is hole 9 su* a way1 t :5 ! /ud is driv5 home1 ! plug _c be turn$ or ! lock op5$4 ,! /ud is atta*$ at its o!r end to a spiral spr+ connect$ ) a screw2 a key is employ$1 ! holl[ pipe ( :i* has an int]nal screw2 & :5 ?is key is ins]t$ 9 ! cock-b>rel & turn$ twice r\nd1 x draws back ! /ud1 & all[s ! plug to be turn$ r\nd 9 ! prop] way = op5+ ! cock4 ,x is n (t5 t :eel-&-p9ion "w is introduc$ into locks2 ! delicacy1 ! co/l9ess1 ! weakness1 & ! t5d5cy to get out ( ord]1 w\ld all militate aga9/ ! frequ5t adoption ( su* a c\rse4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 adopt$ occasionally4 ,mr4 ,fri5d's secret-lock1 introduc$ to ! notice ( ! ,society ( ,arts 9 #ahbe1 _h a tra9 ( :eels :i* act$ ^u ! bolt1 driv+ x out :5ev] ! circul> arcs ( ?ree :eels mov$ aga9/ x1 b all[+ a spr+ to =ce x back aga9 :5ev] a deep cleft 9 ea* ( ! :eels lock$ into a /ud on ! bolt4 ,!re 7 c]ta9 numb]s on a guide-plate1 & a p[] ( comb9+ ^! numb]s 9 great v>iety2 & a provision t ! bolt c\ld be unlock$ only by ! same comb9ation ( numb]s :i* _h lock$ x4 ,! guide-plate 0 a sep>ate piece ( app>atus1 c>ri$ 9 ! pocket ( ! us] z a companion to ! key4 ,! key 0 ( no use )\t ! guide-plate1 nor ! guide-plate )\t ! key4 ,! us] #8set' ! numb]s on ! guide-plate1 !n appli$ x to ! face ( ! lock1 !n introduc$ ! key into ! key-hole1 & turn$ ! key p>tially r\nd2 ! bolt 0 n[ %ot1 & ! guide-plate remov$4 ,if ! key 7 us$ )\t ! guide-plate1 ! bolt might be lock$1 b x 0 always unlock$ aga9 by ! "t ! key _h made a complete circuit4 ,!re 0 consid]able +5uity 9 ! idea ( ?is lock2 b we believe x nev] w5t fur!r ?an a model4 ,inde$ _m ( ! locks elaborately describ$ 9 books h nev] _h an exi/5ce z act+ work+ locks4 ,a v +5i\s pr9ciple has be5 occasionally introduc$1 9 :i* clock-"w regulates ! int]val ( "t :i* mu/ elapse be=e a lock c be op5$1 ev5 ) its prop] key4 ,! object is1 to ensure ! safety ( ! lock dur+ a j\rney1 or until a p>ticul> p]son be pres5t1 or until ! lock$ article is convey$ to a p>ticul> room4 ,a pat5t 0 tak5 out 9 #ahca = a lock on ?is pr9ciple by ,mr4 ,ru!r=d1 a bank ag5t at ,j$burgh4 ,aga9/ ! end ( ! bolt ( ! lock is plac$ a circul> /op-plate1 s adju/$ t ! bolt _c be )drawn until a p>ticul> not* 9 ! rim ( ! circul> plate is opposite ! end ( ! bolt4 ,! plate is put 9 rotation by clock-"w4 ,z ! not* c be set at pleasure to any requir$ di/ance f ! end ( ! bolt1 ! lock may be secur$ aga9/ be+ op5$1 ei!r by its own or any o!r key1 until any assign$ numb] ( m9utes or h\rs aft] x has be5 lock$2 = ! plate may be made to revolve ei!r sl[ly or quickly1 by v>y+ ! numb] ( :eels 9 ! clockwork4 ,:5 ! lock is us$ = boxes or portable packages1 ! clockwork mu/ be mov$ & regulat$ by a spr+2 b :5 x is appli$ to closets or safes1 a desc5d+ weight & a p5dulum may be employ$4 ,x is manife/ t ?is sy/em is susceptible ( be+ greatly v>i$ 9 its mode ( application2 & x has _m po9ts ( int]e/ ab\t x4 ,t a man _c op5 8 own lock ) 8 own prop] key1 until ! lock gives p]mission by assum+ a p>ticul> /ate or condition1 c]ta9ly /rikes "o z be+ susceptible ( _m useful applications1 :]e "t is an elem5t tak5 into ! acc\nt4 ,a curi\s al>um-lock 0 inv5t$ by ,mr4 ,meighan1 9 #ahcf1 9 :i* ! bell or al>um is n plac$ beh9d a door1 z 9 _m al>um contrivances1 b )9 ! lock itself4 ,two or m /uds are plac$ on ! bolt1 :i* press aga9/ ! l[] end ( a small tumbl]2 ! movem5t ( ! tumbl] elevates a hamm]2 b z soon z ! po9t ( ! tumbl] becomes releas$ f ! /ud1 a spr+ presses ! hamm] d[n =cibly1 & causes x to /rike aga9/ a small bell plac$ ne> x4 ,?is s\nd+ ( ! bell w be repeat$1 dur+ ! %utt+ ( ! bolt1 z _m times z !re are /uds to act ^u ! po9t ( ! tumbl]4 ,mu* ( ! +5uity :i* has be5 display$ 9 locks dep5ds on ! employm5t ( multiple bolts1 !re be+ all ! additional /r5g? :i* results f ! use ( two or m bolts in/ead ( simply "o4 ,ord9>y doors seldom af=d u examples ( ^! d\ble bolts2 b !y may be frequ5tly se5 9 cab9ets & desks1 :]e two /aples fix$ to ! lid fall into two holes 9 ! lock1 & are reta9$ by two bolts4 ,! mo/ rem>kable & complicat$ v>ieties1 h[ev]1 are ^? 9 :i* ! bolts1 in/ead ( %oot+ p>allel & ne>ly toge!r1 %oot 9 :olly diff]5t ways2 "o up1 "o d[n1 "o to ! "r1 "o to ! left1 & s on4 ,x is on safes1 /rong boxes1 & ! doors ( /rong rooms conta9+ valuable treasures1 t su* locks are usually plac$4 ,! me*anism is su* t ! key acts ^u all ! bolts at once1 ?r\gh ! int]v5tion ( lev]s & spr+s ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #af4 ,multiple bolts ( an old *e/-lock4 ,! above woodcut repres5ts a v curi\s specim5 ( ^! multiple-bolt locks4 ,x is copi$ f ! great ,fr5* "w2 & ! pond]\s *e/ to :i* x is atta*$ is1 we are told by ,raumur1 8kn[n at ,p>is by ! "n ( ! /rong ,g]man c(f]40 ,he fur!r says1 8no?+ is want+ 9 ^! c(f]s on ! score ( solidity4 ,!y are made entirely ( iron2 or if ( wood1 !y are b&$ bo? )9 & )\t ) iron2 & c only be brok5 op5 by v great viol5ce4 ,_! locks are almo/ z l>ge z ! top ( ! c(f]1 & close ) a great numb] ( bolts4 ,! "o :i* we h engrav$ has twelve fa/5+s2 !y h be5 made ) tw5ty-f\r1 or m40 ,8 next rem>k on ! subject is a s5sible "o3 8,not)/&+ ! l>ge size ( ^! locks1 & all ! app>atus ) :i* !y are provid$1 !y correspond b ill ) ! solidity ( ! re/ ( ! c(f]4 ,if we h giv5 a repres5tation ( "o1 x is *iefly to %ew h[ little confid5ce "o c\ld h 9 su* a lock1 & :at are its defects1 9 ord] t we may avoid !m40 ,x is n difficult1 by trac+ ! action ( ! sev]al lev]s1 to see h[ "o movem5t ( ! key1 9 ! c5tre ( ! lid1 w\ld act ^u all ! bolts4 ,9 ! engrav+ 7fig4 #af7 a1 f1 h1 c1 are ! f\r corn] bolts2 six o!rs1 a d e1 a d e1 are on ! long sides1 ?ree on ea*2 & two1 b g1 on ! %ort sides4 ,e bolt is provid$ ) a spr+1 ( :i* ?ree or f\r are %ewn at ,z ,z ,z4 ,!re is no /aple or box to receive ea* bolt2 b all %oot or snap b5ea? ! rais$ edge ,e runn+ r\nd ! top ( ! box j )9 ! ext]ior at ,a ,a4 ,! keyhole 9 ! front ( ! box at ,d is a deception or mask2 ! real keyhole is 9 ! middle ( ! lid conceal$ by a secret door op5$ by a spr+4 ,:5 ! key has mov$ ! great c5tral bolt1 ?is acts ^u ! o!r bolts ,p ,q ,r ,s ,t1 c42 ,v ,v are /uds :i* act ^u two ( ! bolts2 ,y ,y are /aples conf9+ ! great bolt2 k1 l1 c1 p1 x1 are small lev]s :i* transmit ! action to ! corn] bolts2 q1 r1 s1 t1 n1 are ! small lev]s :i* r5d] a simil> s]vice to ! side & end bolts2 ,l ,l )9 ! *e/1 & ,m ,m on ! lid1 are contrivances = limit+ ! movem5t ( ! latt]2 ,c ,h1 ,h ,c are iron /raps or b&s by :i* ! int]ior ( ! *e/ is /r5g!n$4 ,aft] all1 ?is is n s mu* a lock z a s]ies ( spr+ lat*es4 ,if a lock c be pick$1 ! pick+ is z effective :e!r ! lock has "o bolt or twelve bolts4 ,?is fact l$ ,mr4 ,duce1 9 #ahbd1 to con/ruct1 in/ead ( a f\r-bolt lock1 f\r di/9ct "o-bolt locks1 fix$ 9 ! same frame & op5$ by ! same key2 ! bolts to be mov$ 9 succession in/ead ( simultane\sly4 ,x w\ld require f\r times z long to pick ?is z a f\r-bolt lock ( simil> action4 ,!re h be5 _m o!r v>ieties ( ! multiple bolt1 b we ne$ n /op to describe !m4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,on ,,tumbl]1 ,,or ,,lev] ,,locks4 ,security be+ ! prim>y object 9 all locks1 any consid]ations z to me*anical +5uity & graceful decoration give place to ^? :i* relate to safety4 ,a spr+ lock may be +5i\s & ev5 beautiful 9 its con/ruction1 b an imitative key w easily op5 x4 ,h5ce arose ! inv5tion ( :eels or w>ds2 & z w>ds fail$ 9 tru/wor?9ess1 !y 9 _! turn yield$ to some?+ bett]4 ,we h already expla9$ h[ ! insecurity ( m]e w>d$ locks arises2 & we %all h some?+ m to say on ! subject 9 a future *apt]4 ,x is suffici5t "h to rem>k1 t w>ds1 spr+s1 screws1 al>ums1 :eel-"w1 escut*eons1--all1 h[ev] useful = p>ticul> purposes1 are want+ 9 ! degree ( surety :i* we require 9 a lock4 ,h5ce ! inv5tion ( tumbl]s1 lev]s1 or lat*es1 :i* fall into ! bolt & prev5t x f be+ %ot until !y h be5 rais$ or releas$ by ! action ( ! key4 ,we h be5 unable to asc]ta9 at :at "t1 or 9 :at c\ntry1 or by :om1 tumbl]-locks 7 inv5t$4 ,! inv5tion has be5 claim$ by or = p]sons subsequ5tly to ! ye> #agfg1 :5 ! celebrat$ ,fr5* treatise 7,art du ,s]ruri]7 already ref]r$ to 0 publi%$2 & yet ?is treatise conta9s num]\s examples ( simple tumbl] locks ( +5i\s con/ruction1 z w pres5tly be %ewn4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #ag4 ,simple tumbl] lock4 ,"o ( ! mo/ elem5t>y =ms ( tumbl]-lock is %ewn 9 fig4 #ag4 ,9 ?is case ! bolt1 in/ead ( hav+ two not*es 9 ! bottom edge1 l ^? 9 ! back-spr+ lock1 fig4 #f1 has two squ>e not*es or slots 9 ! upp] edge2 & z ! key acts ^u ! bolt1 ^! not*es mu/ ( c\rse %>e 9 :atev] movem5ts ! bolt is subject$ to4 ,beh9d ! bolt is a k9d ( lat* or tumbl] 7! l[] "p ( :i* is %ewn by dott$ l9es71 ) a /ump or project+ piece ( metal at a2 ! tumbl] moves freely on a pivot at ! o!r end1 & is made to rise ?r\gh a small arc :5ev] ! key acts ^u ! bolt4 ,:5 ! bolt is :olly %ot1 ! /ump falls into "o not* & prev5ts ! motion ( ! bolt2 :5 :olly un%ot or )drawn1 ! /ump falls into ! o!r not*1 & equally prev5ts ! motion ( ! bolt4 ,x is n1 !re=e1 until ! key1 by elevat+ ! tumbl]1 has rais$ ! /ump out ( ! not*1 t ! bolt has fre$om ( movem5t4 ,if ! %ape ( ! key does n enable its web to effect ?is elevation to a suffici5t degree1 ! bolt rema9s immovable2 & to ?is ext5t a c]ta9 additional security is obta9$ by mak+ ! %ape ( ! key significant z well z ! w>ds4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #ah4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #ai4 ,old ,fr5* lock4 ,! tumbl]-pr9ciple1 z we h said1 is difficult to trace to its orig9 on acc\nt ( ! v>i\s aspects :i* x pres5ts2 b ! great ,fr5* treatise proves t ! locksmi?s ( ,france 7 famili> ) tumbl]-locks a c5tury ago4 ,! plates ( t "w repres5t ! details ( num]\s locks1 on ! upp] edge ( ! bolts ( :i* 7 not*es call$ enco*es1 z at o k fig4 #ah2 into ^! not*es sank a small iron /ud or /ump call$ ! arrt du pne1 or bolt-/op1 %ewn 9 fig4 #ai1 atta*$ to ! upp] portion ( ! g*ette or tumbl]1 :i*1 = ! sake ( economy ( metal1 is made 9 ! =m ( a triangul> spr+ 9 front ( ! bolt k i2 & n until ! key1 by its circul> action1 _h rais$ ?is /ud out ( "o or o!r ( ! not*es1 c\ld ! bolt move to ! "r or left4 ,! /ud 0 g5]ally fix$ to a spr+ :i* =c$ x d[n aga9 into ! not* z soon z ! action ( ! key _h ceas$4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ! /ud 0 fix$ to ! bolt1 & ! not*es 7 9 a sep>ate tumbl] or g*ette 7see ,e ,e1 fig4 #ba72 & 9 o!r in/ances1 aga91 ! /ump 0 fix$ to ! case ( ! lock & caught into not*es 9 ! bolt4 ,x w be se51 :5 we come to treat ( tumbl]-locks ( lat] date1 t !re 0 mu* 9 ^! e>ly locks to po9t out ! way4 ,fig4 #ai1 copi$ f ! ,fr5* "w1 repres5ts a lock ( ! box or casket k9d4 ,two /aples1 fix$ into ! cov]1 fall into two cavities or receptacles at ,c d2 & a %ort bolt 9 ea* receptacle cat*es into ea* /aple1 "o ne> g & "o ne> h4 ,! small bolt q is atta*$ to ! upp] extremity ( ! lev] q r s1 fig4 #ai1 & %ewn sep>ately 9 fig4 #bj2 & by ! pressure ( a spr+ a 7fig4 #ai7 ^u ?is lev]1 ! bolt q is kept lock$ 9 ! /aple4 ,! v]tical portion ( ?is spr+ presses at its l[] end on ano!r spr+ p 7fig4 #ai7 ( s+ul> curvature2 & atta*$ to ! horizontal "p ( ?is second spr+ is ! /ud1 :i* falls into a not* 9 ! top ( ! bolt4 ,! action ( ^! p>ts1 !n1 is z foll[s3 :5 ! key is plac$ ^u ! key-p9 at ,z1 & turn$ r\nd 9 ! direction 9 :i* ! h&s ( a wat* move1 ! bitt presses aga9/ ! tail s ( ! lev]1 moves x ^u its c5tre ,z1 fig4 #ai1 v1 fig4 #bj1 to ! left1 & consequ5tly moves ! upp] "p q to ! "r1 draw+ x out ( ! receptacle & lib]at+ ! /aple )9 ,c4 ,?us x w be se5 t ! lev] q r s1 held 9 "o position by ! spr+ a1 =ms 9 itself a simple k9d ( spr+ cat*-lock1 & 01 9 fact1 =m]ly us$ z su*1 )\t any o!r app5dages except ! /aple 9 ! lev]1 into :i* ! cat* q fitt$ on %utt+ d[n ! lid4 ,s also we may reg>d ! o!r portion1 fig4 #ah1 or k i p h 7fig4 #ai71 z =m+ a sep>ate lock2 = ! key aft] hav+ pass$ ,s comes 9 contact ) ! triangul> spr+1 :i* x raises !reby1 lift+ ! /ud out ( ! bolt1 & ex]t+ pressure aga9/ ! b>bs ( ! bolt n4 ,fig4 #ah %oots ! bolt k1 & also ! %ort bolt l1 :i* passes ?r\gh ! /aple 9 ! cavity d1 fig4 #ai4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #bj4 ,! lock repres5t$ 9 ! f\r foll[+ figures is also f ,m4 de ,raumur's *apt] on locks 9 ! "w ref]r$ to4 ,9 ?is lock ! tumbl]-pr9ciple is c>ri$ out 9 a v elaborate mann]1 = n only is ! /ump or /ud ,h 7fig4 #bc7 atta*$ to a v /rong spr+ 7be/ %ewn at ,h1 fig4 #bb71 :i* holds x ) consid]able =ce 9 "o ( ! ?ree not*es ( ! pr9cipal bolt ,r ,s 7fig4 #bd72 b !re is also a second set ( not*es ,e ,e 9 ! g*ette ,g ,o 7fig4 #ba71 & a p9 atta*$ to "o ( ! plates ( ! lock fits into "o ( ^! not*es1 !reby prev5t+ ! bolt f be+ mov$ until ! g*ette is l[]$ by ! revolution ( ! key2 s t 9 attempt+ to pick ?is lock1 n only mu/ ! spr+ ,h be rais$ s z to release ! /ud f ! not*es ( ! great bolt1 b ! g*ette mu/ be l[]$ to dis5gage ! fix$ p9 f ! not*es4 ,!re is yet a ?ird s\rce ( security4 ,atta*$ to ! l>ge bolt are %ort project+ p9s ,f 7fig4 #ba71 aga9/ :i* an arm or det5t1 ,g ,f1 ( ! g*ette projects1 ?us prev5t+ ! bolt f be+ %ot back by any pressure appli$ to its extremity ,s4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #ba4 ,details ( an old ,fr5* lock4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #bb4 ,ano!r view ( ! same4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #bc4 ,ano!r view ( ! same4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #bd4 ,! two bolts deta*$4 ,!re are a few details relat+ to ?is rem>kable lock1 :i* may z well be introduc$ "h 9 ord] to complete ! description4 ,! pr9cipal bolt c be %ot twice1 or be d\ble-lock$2 h5ce x is furni%$ ) ?ree b>bs = ! key to act aga9/1 & ) ?ree not*es = ! spr+-/ud4 ,! l[] bolt ,i ,k c be %ot by ! horizontal pressure ( ! button ,p 7figs4 #bb1 #bc71 :i* is situat$ on ! inn] side ( ! door to :i* ?is lock is atta*$1 s t a p]son inside ! room c secure ! door aga9/ any "o on ! outside :o is n furni%$ ) ! prop] key1 = x mu/ be rem>k$ t ! small bolt z well z ! l>ge "o is act$ on by ! key4 ,n[ suppos+ ! small bolt to be %ot or lock$1 x is kept s by ! pressure ( ! coil$ spr+ ,q 7figs4 #ba1 #bb74 ,b ?is small bolt is connect$ ) ! l>ge "o by means ( ! b5t lev] ,o ,n ,m 7figs4 #ba1 #bd71 :i* turns on a p9 ,n atta*$ to ! ma9 bolt4 ,n[1 :5 bo? bolts are ei!r fully %ot or un%ot1 ! arm ,o ,n lies flat aga9/ & p>allel ) ! ma9 bolt2 b :5 ! l>ge bolt is un%ot & ! small "o n mov$1 ! arms ,o ,n1 ,n ,m1 fall into an incl9$ position1 & ! arm ,o ,n pass+ a little bel[ ! ma9 bolt comes )9 ! range ( ! web ( ! key1 :i* 9 its revolution causes ! b5t lev] to move ^u its c5tre ,n1 !reby re/or+ ,o ,n to its horizontal position1 & at ! same "t caus+ ! arm ,n ,m to move f "r to left1 or 9 ! direction = un%oot+ ! small bolt2 ! end ( ?is arm ?us cat*es into a mortise ,v 7figs4 #ba1 #bd7 9 ! small bolt1 & imm$iately unlocks x4 ,b to return to ! subject ( tumbl]-locks4 ,ab\t ! ye> #aggh1 ,mr4 ,b>ron introduc$ t species ( d\ble-action 7z x may p]haps be t]m$7 :i* s greatly increases ! security ( ! simple tumbl]1 fig4 #ag4 ,9 ! tumbl]-locks previ\sly made1 if ! tumbl] 7 rais$ suffici5tly high1 ! lock c\ld be op5$3 !re 0 no su* possibility z rais+ x too high2 b ,mr4 ,b>ron1 by 8 inv5tion1 pat5t$ #ca/ ,octob]1 #aggh1 r5d]$ x absolutely necess>y t a limit %\ld be put to ! height to :i* ! tumbl] %\ld be rais$1 by r5d]+ ! bolt equally immovable :e!r ! tumbl] 7 too mu* or too little rais$4 ,ano!r important improvem5t 0 ! introduction ( two tumbl]s in/ead ( "o4 ,! bolt has 9 its middle a slot or gat+ not*$ on bo? edges1 ! not*es be+ fitt$ = ! reception ( /uds fix$ to ! tumbl]s4 ,suppos+ ! /uds or /umps ( ! tumbl]s to be re/+ 9 ! l[] not*es1 !y require to be elevat$ to ! g5]al level ( ! gat+ be=e ! bolt c be mov$2 :]eas1 on ! o!r h&1 if ! tumbl]s 7 rais$ ev] s little too high1 ! /uds w ent] ! upp] not*es1 & prev5t ! %oot+ ( ! bolt4 ,! l[] edge1 or belly1 ( ea* tumbl] is act$ on by ! /eps ( ! key dur+ its circul> movem5t2 ! lev]age ( ! key be+ s exactly adju/$ z to raise ! tumbl] to ! desir$ height & no fur!r4 ,! tumbl]s are made unequally wide1 s t /eps or inequalities 9 ! bit ( ! key are requisite to lift !m bo? to ! prop] height4 ,!re are ?us two improvem5ts introduc$3 !re are two tumbl]s in/ead ( "o1 & ea* tumbl] has a d\ble in/ead ( a s+le action4 ,?is +5i\s & v useful lock is repres5t$1 s f> z reg>ds its gov]n+ pr9ciple1 9 fig4 #be4 ,! bolt is "h se5 to h a peculi> slot or hole cut 9 x1 consi/+ ( a n>r[ horizontal passage or gat+1 ) ?ree not*es above x & ?ree bel[ x4 ,^! d\ble not*es might be available ev5 = "o tumbl] only2 b ,b>ron us$ two or m = ! sake ( additional security4 ,9 fig4 #be !re are two tumbl]s %ewn1 express$ by dott$ l9es2 bo? are h+$ to "o pivot1 bo? are rais$ by ! same action ( ! key1 b ! /ump on ! "o tumbl] does n co9cide 9 position ) t on ! o!r4 ,x w be se5 t if ! /uds ( ! tumbl]s re/$ 9 ! l[] not*es1 !y w\ld require to be elevat$ to ! level ( ! gat+ be=e ! bolt c\ld be mov$2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 if lift$ too high1 ! /umps w\ld be caught 9 ! upp] not*es1 & w\ld equally prev5t ! passage ( ! bolt1 ,! tumbl]s are unequally wide2 & ! bitt ( ! key is /epp$ or not*$ 9 a correspond+ way1 t !re may be "o /ep fitt$ to act ^u ea* tumbl]4 ,mr4 ,b>ron also adopt$ ! rev]se arrangem5t ( hav+ ! /ump on ! bolt1 & ! op5+s 9 ! tumbl]s2 s t ! pr9ciple ( 8 pat5t may be concisely express$ z be+ 8an arrangem5t to all[ a /ump on ! tumbl] to pass ?r\gh an op5+ 9 ! bolt1 or a /ump on ! bolt to pass ?r\gh an op5+ 9 ! tumbl]40 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #be4 ,action ( ,b>ron's tumbl]-lock4 ,a v elaborate tumbl]-lock1 pat5t$ #bc;d ,febru>y1 #agij1 by ,mr4 ,r[ntree1 contra/s rem>kably ) ! simplicity ( ,b>ron's lock4 ,mr4 ,r[ntree's lock consi/$ ( tumbl]s comb9$ ) revolv+ discs or :eels4 ,its me*anism may be und]/ood f ! foll[+ description & engrav+s4 ,! same lett]s ref] to ! same p>ts 9 ! sev]al figures4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #bf4 fig4 #bg4 fig4 #bh4 fig4 #bi4 fig4 #cj4 ,details ( ,r[ntree's tumbl]-lock4 ,a ,a is ! plate :i* encloses ! :ole me*anism ( ! lock1 & fa/5s x to ! door2 ,b ,b is ! bolt1 guid$ 9 its motion by slid+ "u ! bridges ,c ,d2 ,e ,e are pill>s :i* support a plate cov]+ ! works2 ,f are ! circul> w>ds surr\nd+ ! c5tre or key-p92 & a %ews ! position ( ! key1 :i*1 9 turn+ r\nd1 acts 9 a not* r 9 ! bolt1 & propels x2 ,g1 ! tumbl]1 is a plate situat$ b5ea? ! bolt1 & mov+ on a c5tre-p9 at d2 x has a cat* or /ump e project+ upw>ds1 :i* ent]s ! not*es s or g 9 ! bolt1 & !reby reta9s ! latt] = backw>d or =w>d motion1 z ! case may be2 ,h is a spr+ :i* presses ! tumbl] =w>d4 ,! key a1 9 turn+ r\nd1 acts fir/ aga9/ ! "p c c ( ! tumbl]1 & raises x s z to remove ! /ump f ! not*es2 x c !n ent] ! not* r 9 ! bolt1 & move x4 ,s f> !re is no p>ticul> security2 b ,mr4 ,r[ntree s\ght to obta9 x by ! foll[+ means4 ,!re is a piece ( metal h fix$ to ! l[] side ( ! tumbl]1 call$ ! p92 :5 ! tumbl] is caught 9 ei!r not* ( ! bolt1 ! p9 applies itself to a clu/] ( small :eels ,i1 fitt$ on "o c5tre-p9 b5ea? ! tumbl]2 ! edges ( ^! :eels /op ! p91 & prev5t ! tumbl] f be+ rais$4 ,b ea* :eel has a not* cut 9 its circumf]5ce ,i2 & x is only :5 ! :eels are s plac$ t all _! not*es lie 9 a "r l9e1 t ! p9 c ent] ?is comp\nd not* & all[ ! tumbl] to rise4 ,! :eels mu/ !re=e be all adju/$ to position2 & ?is is effect$ by a numb] ( lev]s ,k c5tr$ on "o p9 at k2 at ! opposite end ea* lev] has a too? m ent]+ a not* 9 ! :eel belong+ to x2 s t :5 any lev] is press$ outw>d1 x turns its :eel r\nd4 ,n[ ?is pressure ( ! lev]s is br\ght ab\t by a spr+ n appli$ to ea*2 & :5 s press$1 ! lev]s re/ aga9/ a p9 o fix$ 9 ! plate4 ,! key is s cut z to det]m9e ! ext5t to :i* ! lev]s %all act ^u ! :eels4 ,! key fir/ op]ates f ! curv$ "p p p ( ! lev]s ,k1 & rais+ !m1 turns all ! :eels ,i at once into ! prop] positions2 9 turn+ fur!r r\nd1 x !n op]ates on ! "p c c ( ! tumbl]1 caus+ ! latt] to rise & to release ! bolt2 & 9 turn+ /ill fur!r r\nd1 x 7! key7 seizes ! not* r ( ! bolt1 & %oots x4 ,! key is cut into /eps ( diff]5t l5g?s1 z %ewn at ,v ,v2 ea* /ep op]ates on its respective lev] ,k 9 a diff]5t degree f ! o!rs2 ! not* at s acts ^u ! tumbl]1 & ! pla9 "p t moves ! bolt4 ,we n[ proce$ to notice ! mod]n tumbl]-lock4 ,?is 0 arrang$ by ,bird1 ^: pat5t1 be>+ date #bi? ,octob]1 #agij1 0 = a s]ies ( f\r d\ble-act+ tumbl]s1 diff]+ 9 no respect f ^? pat5t$ by ,b>ron1 & closely resembl+ ^? 9 use at ! pres5t "t 9 ! be/ tumbl]-locks4 ,we w describe ! mod]n tumbl]-lock m p>ticul>ly :5 we h gone ?r\gh a few hi/orical details on ! subject4 ,messrs4 ,mit*ell & ,lawton obta9$ a pat5t be>+ date #g? ,m>*1 #ahae1 = a lock 9 :i* 7 comb9$ ) ! bolt & d\ble-act+ tumbl]s1 a s]ies ( movable w>ds1 & a revolv+ curta9 = clos+ ! key-hole4 ,! action ( ! w>ds 0 peculi>4 ,on introduc+ any key or in/rum5t1 & pass+ x r\nd1 a numb] ( movable w>ds or pieces 7 ?r[n out s z to prev5t ! key f be+ turn$ back or )drawn4 ,x 0 necess>y !re=e to pass r\nd ! key s z to unlock ! lock1 & if t 7 n possible1 z 9 ! case ( a false key be+ us$1 x 0 held p]man5tly1 & c\ld only be releas$ by de/roy+ ! lock1 ,:5 ! bolt 0 once %ot1 ! w>ds 7 c>ri$ up s z to leave a cle> passage = ! key4 ,?is lock does n appe> ev] to h come into use1 on acc\nt ( ! viol5ce requir$ 9 case a wrong key %\ld be us$ ei!r by accid5t or design4 ,! det5tion ( a wrong key 9 ?is lock appe>s to h sugge/$ ! contrivance ( a detector4 ,?is 0 fir/ made by ,ruxton1 ^: pat5t is dat$ #ad? ,may1 #ahaf4 ,8 detectors 7 ( v>i\s k9ds1 ! object ( ea* k9d be+ to give in=mation to ! own] 9 case any "o ( ! tumbl]s %\ld be ov]lift$ 9 an attempt to pick ! lock1 :i* fact w\ld be discov]$ on ! next application ( ! true key4 ,?is is precisely ! object ( ! detector 9 tumbl]-locks at ! pres5t day1 & ,ruxton accompli%$ x by some:at simil> means4 ,he also _h a contrivance = hold+ a false key1 z 9 ,mit*ell & ,lawton's lock2 & he recomm5d$ ?is =m ( detector 9 ! foll[+ words3 8,x is true t 9 ?is case ! lock w h to be de/roy$ 9 ord] to op5 ! door3 ! result is frightful2 b we ?9k ! m t]rible ! result1 ! less likely w\ld any "o be to tamp] ) x40 ,we n[ come to ,*ubb's lock1 pat5t$ #c;d ,febru>y1 #ahah1 :i* consi/$ ( d\ble-act+ tumbl]s & a peculi> k9d ( detector4 ,?is lock has be5 made ! subject ( v>i\s pat5ts obta9$ 9 ! ye>s #ahbd1 #ahcc1 #ahdf1 & #ahdg4 ,?is lock#d consi/s ( six sep>ate & di/9ct d\ble-act+ tumbl]s1 all ( :i* mu/ be rais$ to a p>ticul> height1 nei!r m nor less1 9 ord] t ! bolt may pass4 ,x also comprises a detector1 by :i*1 %\ld any "o ( ! tumbl]s be lift$ too high 9 an attempt to pick or op5 ! lock by a false key1 x w\ld be imm$iately detect$ on ! next application ( ! prop] key4 ,! tumbl]s are flat pieces ( iron or /eel1 ) ! plane ( ! surface v]tical1 & pivot$ at "o end2 & ! foll[+ is ! mode 9 :i* ! key1 ! tumbl]s1 & ! bolt1 are br\ght into mutual action4 #d ,! lock ab\t to be describ$ is ! late/ & mo/ complete =m ( ,*ubb lock up to ! date ( ! ,great ,exhibition4 ,! v>i\s additions & alt]ations :i* h be5 made 9 ! lock s9ce t date w be notic$ 9 a subsequ5t *apt]4 ,! bolt %oots 9 & out ( ! lock 9 ! usual way4 ,x has a squ>e /ud or /ump rivet$ on "o surface2 & x is to furni% ob/ructions to ! passage ( ?is /ud t ! tumbl]s are provid$4 ,all ! six tumbl]s are pivot$ to "o p9 at ! end1 giv+ to ea* ( !m a small lev]age1 ea* indep5d5t ( ! o!rs4 ,!re are six spr+s :i* press ^! tumbl]s d[nw>ds1 "o to ea* tumbl]4 ,!re is a longitud9al slot or gat+ 9 ea* tumbl]1 l>ge en\gh to receive ! /ud ( ! bolt2 & unless all ! six slots 7suppos+ !re to be six tumbl]s7 co9cide 9 height or position1 ! /ud w n h a cle> passage = mov+ to & fro4 ,n[ ! slots are purposely made ne>] ! upp] edge 9 "s ( ! tumbl]s ?an 9 o!rs1 all ! six be+ diff]5t 9 ?is respect2 s t if !y are all lift$ equally1 ! slots d n co9cide1 & ! bolt & its /ud w n pass4 ,! tumbl]s mu/ !n be rais$ unequally1 ^? to be mo/ rais$ :i* h ! slot ne>e/ to ! l[] edge4 ,to effect ?is1 ! bit ( ! key is cut into six /eps or inequalities1 ea* to act ^u "o p>ticul> tumbl]1 & ea* cut or /epp$ to ! exact dep? :i* w suffice = ! prop] rais+ ( ! tumbl]4 ,! key is ins]t$ 9 ! keyhole1 & is turn$2 ! six /eps raise ! six tumbl]s all to ! prop] height1 to leave a cle> passage along ! slots2 & ! extreme end ( ! key !n acts ^u ! bolt itself1 & %oots x4 ,to unlock x aga91 ! same or a duplicate key mu/ be us$2 = if ano!r key be employ$1 diff]+ by ev] s little f ! prop] "o1 "s "o or m ( ! tumbl]s w be lift$ ei!r a little too mu* or n q en\gh2 & 9 ei!r case ! /ud ( ! bolt w cat* above or bel[ ! slot1 in/ead ( hav+ a cle> l9e ( movem5t along ! slot itself4 ,aft] bo? lock+ & unlock+1 ! spr+s =ce ! tumbl]s d[n z f> z !y c g1 bury+ ! /ud 9 ! recesses above ! slot2 s t ! tumbl]s mu/ be rais$ by ! key bo? = lock+ & unlock+4 ,! doctr9e ( *ances has wide play 9 det]m9+ ! relative position ( ! six tumbl]s4 ,9 ,mr4 ,*ubb's essay ?is "p ( ! subject is treat$ 9 ! foll[+ way3 8,! numb] ( *anges :i* may be effect$ on ! keys ( a ?ree-in* draw]-lock is #a #b #c #d #e #f #gbj1 ! numb] ( diff]5t comb9ations :i* may be made on ! six /eps ( unequal l5g?s 7on a six-tumbl] lock71 )\t alt]+ ! l5g? ( ei!r /ep4 ,! height ( ! %orte/ /ep is1 h[ev]1 capable ( be+ r$uc$ #bj times2 & ea* "t ( be+ r$uc$1 ! #gbj comb9ations may be repeat$2 !re=e #gbj #bj #ad1djj *anges4 ,! same process1 aft] r$uc+ ! %orte/ /ep z mu* z possible1 may be gone ?r\gh ) ea* ( ! o!r five /eps2 !re=e #ad1djj #f #hf1djj1 :i* is ! numb] ( *anges t c be produc$ on ! six /eps4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! sev5? /ep1 :i* ?r[s ! bolt1 be tak5 into acc\nt1 ! r$uction ( x only t5 times w\ld give #hf1djj #aj #hfd1jjj1 z ! numb] ( *anges on locks ) ! keys all ( "o size 7t is1 ) "o key ( def9ite size 9 all save ! l5g?s ( ! /eps74 ,moreov]1 ! drill p9s ( ! locks & ! pipes ( ! keys may be easily made ( ?ree diff]5t sizes2 & ! numb] ( *anges w !n be #hfd1jjj #c #b1eib1jjj1 z ! :ole s]ies ( *anges :i* may be gone ?r\gh ) ?is key4 ,9 small] keys1 ! /eps ( :i* are capable ( be+ r$uc$ only t5 times1 & ! bolt-/ep only five times1 ! numb] ( comb9ations w be #gbj #aj #f #e #c #fdh1jjj4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 l>g] keys1 ! /eps ( :i* c be r$uc$ ?irty times1 & ! bolt-/ep tw5ty times1 ! total numb] ( comb9ations w be #gbj #cj #f #bj #c #g1ggf1jjj40 ,^! enorm\s numb]s h be5 ! cause ( mu* ( ! wond]m5t :i* ! six-tumbl] locks h excit$2 &1 z we %all see fur!r on1 ! ,bramah lock pres5ts /ill m ( ! m>vell\s 9 respect to ?is r++ ( ! *anges4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #ca4 ,*ubb lock1 ) detector & six tumbl]s4 ,! con/ruction & action ( ! ,*ubb lock may be fur!r illu/rat$ by means ( an engrav+1 fig4 #ca1 9 :i* b is ! bolt ( ! lock1 ) a /ump rivet$ to x m>k$ s4 ,! six tumbl]s are %ewn p]spectively1 ! front or ant]ior "o be+ m>k$ t2 !y all move on ! c5tre-p9 a1 b are nev]!less p]fectly di/9ct & sep>ate1 to all[ ( be+ elevat$ to diff]5t heights4 ,at d is %ewn "o end ( a divid$ spr+1 ! divisions be+ equal to ! numb] ( tumbl]s1 "o to ea*1 & s b5t t ea* spr+ may press ^u its p>ticul> tumbl]4 ,at e is ! detector-spr+1 s plac$ t a project+ piece 9 ! h9dmo/ tumbl] %all be ne> x2 ?is tumbl] hav+ also fix$ into x a /ud or p9 p4 ,?is be+ ! arrangem5t1 especially 9 relation to ! /ump s & ! tumbl]s1 x foll[s t all ! tumbl]s mu/ be lift$ to exact & regulat$ heights 9 ord] t ! /ump may pass ?r\gh ! longitud9al slits ( ! tumbl]s2 unless x c d s1 ! bolt _c be )drawn4 ,z !re are gaps or not*es 9 ea* tumbl] bo? above & bel[ ! prop] l9e ( passage1 & z !re are no ord9>y means ( asc]ta9+ :5 any "o tumbl] is lift$ too high or n high en\gh1 ! safety ( ! lock is greatly increas$ by ?is unc]ta9ty2 especially :5 x is consid]$ t ?is unc]ta9ty is multipli$ sixfold by ! diff]5t modes 9 :i* ! six tumbl]s are slott$4 ,if1 ?r\gh ! ins]tion ( a false key1 or by any o!r cause1 any "o ( ! tumbl]s be rais$ above its prop] position1 ! detector spr+ e w cat* ! h9dmo/ tumbl]1 & reta9 x s z to prev5t ! bolt f pass+2 & ?us1 ^u ! next application ( ! true key1 x w be in/antly felt t "s "o ( ! tumbl]s has be5 ov]lift$1 because ! true key w n unlock x4 ,to relieve ! bolt f ?is tempor>y imprisonm5t1 ! key mu/ be turn$ ! rev]se way1 z = lock+2 all ! tumbl]s w ?us be br\ght to _! prop] position1 & all[ ! /ump to ent] ! not*es n n2 ! bevell$ "p ( ! bolt w !n lift up ! detector-spr+1 & all[ ! h9dmo/ tumbl] to fall d[n into its prop] place2 & all ?is be+ effect$1 ! lock may be op5$ & %ut 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,! p9 p is s adju/$ t if any "o ( ! tumbl]s--front1 back1 or int]m$iate--be lift$ too high1 ! p9 w be lift$ ) x1 & w cat* into ! detector-spr+1 ?us produc+ ! result j describ$4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #cb4 ,key to ,*ubb's lock4 ,! key is repres5t$ 9 fig4 #cb4 ,x has six /eps1 besides a t]m9al /ep to act ^u ! bolt4 ,! height ( ea* /ep1 or ! di/ance to :i* x ext5ds f ! pipe ( ! key1 dep5ds ( c\rse on ! height to :i* its correspond+ tumbl] is to be lift$2 & x matt]s n :e!r ! /eps ( ! key are adju/$ to ! slots ( ! tumbl]s1 or ! slots to ! /eps1 provid$ ! agreem5t be br\ght ab\t4 ,x is simply a matt] ( manufactur+ conv5i5ce t ! key-/eps are cut fir/ & ! tumbl]-slots aft]w>ds4 ,we may "h rem>k t bit1 or bitt1 is ! "n giv51 some:at indef9itely1 ei!r to ! :ole flat "p ( a key1 or to ! small /epp$ portions ( x4 ,! flat "p 0 =m]ly t]m$ ! web ( ! key1 probably f ! webb$ appe>ance ( ! keys to complex w>d$ locks4 ,aft] ! read+ ( ,mr4 ,*ubb's pap] be=e ! ,in/itution ( ,civil ,eng9e]s1 ,mr4 ,ow5 n>rat$ "o or two circum/ances connect$ ) ! e>ly hi/ory ( ,*ubb's lock4 ,a convict on bo>d "o ( ! prison-%ips at ,portsm\? docky>d1 :o 0 by pr(ession a lock-mak]1 & :o _h be5 employ$ 9 ,london 9 mak+ & repair+ locks = sev]al ye>s1 & subsequ5tly _h be5 notori\s = pick+ locks1 ass]t$ t he _h pick$ ) ease "o ( ! be/ ( ,bramah's locks1 & t he c\ld pick ,*ubb's locks ) equal facility4 ,"o ( ! latt] 0 secur$ by ! seals ( ! late ,sir ,george ,grey1 ! ,commission]1 & "s ( ! pr9cipal (fic]s ( ! docky>d1 & giv5 to ! convict1 toge!r ) files & all ! tools :i* he /at$ 7 necess>y = prep>+ false in/rum5ts = ! purpose1 z also blank keys to fit ! p9 ( ! lock4 ,a lock exactly ! same 9 pr9ciple 0 plac$ 9 8 h&s1 t he might exam9e x & make himself ma/] ( its con/ruction4 ,if he succe$$ 9 op5+ ! lock1 he 0 to receive a free p>don f ! ,gov]nm5t1 & a rew>d ( #ajjl4 f ,messrs4 ,*ubb4 ,aft] try+ = two or ?ree mon?s to pick ! seal$ lock--dur+ :i* "t1 by 8 repeat$ ef=ts1 he frequ5tly ov]-lift$ ! detector1 :i* 0 z (t5 re-adju/$ = 8 subsequ5t trials--he gave up ! attempt4 ,he /at$ t ,*ubb's 7 ! mo/ secure locks he _h ev] met )1 & t x 0 impossible = any man to pick or to op5 !m ) false in/rum5ts4 ,mr4 ,ow5 fur!r /at$1 t 9 ord] to comp>e ! m]its ( ,bramah's & ,*ubb's locks1 he _h sugge/$ a me*anical contrivance1 :i* 0 appli$ to "o ( ,bramah's six-spr+ padlocks belong+ to ! ,excise4 ,x 0 hung ^u a nail1 9 a v]tical position1 secure f lat]al oscillation4 ,a self-act+ app>atus 0 !n appli$1 consi/+ ( a pipe ) hexagonal grooves1 & a /ud or bit correspond+ ) ! division ( ! lock1 & secur$ to x by a spr+4 ,9 ! grooves ( ?is pipe small slides 7 ins]t$1 :i* press$ aga9/ ! spr+ keys ( ! lock2 to ^! slides 7 atta*$ lev]s1 act$ ^u by ecc5trics1 mov$ by a comb9ation ( :eels1 ^: tee? diff]$ 9 numb] s z to p]=m ! p]mutation requir$ = ! diff]5t dep?s ( ! spr+ keys1 correspond+ ) ^? ( ! prop] key to ! lock4 ,! automaton ma*9e 0 set 9 motion by a l9e work+ ov] a b>rel1 & act$ ^u by a weight2 & 0 ?us left act+ ^u ! me*anism = a consid]able "t4 ,at "r angles to ! pipe or false key 0 atta*$ a rod & weight2 & :5 ! not*es 9 ! spr+ keys 7 br\ght 9 a l9e ) ! plane ( ! plate or diaphragm ( ! lock1 ! rod & weight turn$ ! false key1 op5$ ! lock1 & /opp$ ! fur!r motion ( ! automaton4 ,9 t /ate ! slides indicat$ ! exact dep? ( ! grooves 9 ! prop] key1 & gave ! =m ( a matrix by :i* to make a key simil> to ! orig9al "o4 ,! automaton work$ dur+ a p]iod v>y+ f half an h\r to ?ree h\rs1 accord+ to ! /ate ( p]mutation ( ! app>atus at ! mom5t ( be+ appli$1 comp>$ ) t ( ! slides 9 ! lock4 ,we confess t x is difficult to und]/& ! action ( ?is automaton f ,mr4 ,ow5's description4 ,we imag9e t ! false not*es w\ld effectually prev5t ! op]ation ( ! in/rum5t1 & op5+s w\ld be requir$ on ea* slide to br+ x back1 s z to meet ! motions ( ! ma*9e4 ,mr4 ,ow5 did n /ate :e!r 8 app>atus _h be5 successful ) "o only ( ,bramah's locks or ) sev]al2 nor did he describe any app>atus inv5t$ ) ! view to ! pick+ ( ,*ubb's locks4 ,he /at$1 h[ev]1 t 9 ord] to asc]ta9 ! effect ( friction on "o ( ^! la/-nam$ locks1 x 0 subject$ to ! alt]nate rectil9e> motion ( a /eam-eng9e 9 ,portsm\? docky>d1 & 0 lock$ & unlock$ upw>ds ( #dfj1jjj times consecutively1 )\t any appreciable we> be+ indicat$ by a gauge appli$ to ! lev]s & ! key1 bo? be=e & aft] ?is alt]nate action4 ,mr4 ,ow5 conclud$ by express+ 8 individual op9ion t ,*ubb's lock _h nev] be5 pick$4 8,! detector 0 ! ma9 feature ( its excell5ce2 & additional precaution1 !re=e1 0 only dep>t+ f its simplicity1 & add+ to ! exp5se1 )\t any comm5surate advantage40 ,9 a subsequ5t *apt] ! degree ( security af=d$ by v>i\s descriptions ( locks1 & ! ob/acles :i* !y pres5t ( be+ pick$1 w come "u notice2 we !re=e n[ proce$ to describe briefly a few o!r tumbl]-locks1 or application ( ! tumbl]-pr9ciple4 ,9 ,mr4 ,som]=d's lock1 = :i* ! ,society ( ,arts gave a premium 9 #ahah1 an attempt 0 made to improve ^u ! ord9>y action ( tumbl]s4 ,9 mo/ su* locks1 all ! tumbl]s mu/ asc5d1 al?\gh to diff]5t heights1 be=e ! /ud ( ! bolt c pass ?r\gh ! slots2 8:i* arrangem5t10 says ,mr4 ,som]=d1 8gives an opportunity ( introduc+ a nail1 or a piece ( /\t wire1 into ! lock1 & ?us rais+ ! tumbl]s )\t ! necessity ( us+ ! key40 ,9 8 new lock1 h[ev]1 he made "o lev] to asc5d :ile ! o!r desc5d$1 by a some:at complicat$ arrangem5t ( slott$ plates above & bel[ ! bolt4 ,! key 0 s p]=at$ z to be mu* endang]$ 9 respect to /r5g?4 ,9 ,davis's lock !re is a d\ble *amb] ) w>ds on ! side ( ! key-hole4 ,! key is ins]t$ into ! fir/ *amb] & turn$ a qu>t] r\nd2 x is !n pu%$ =w>d into ! inn] *amb]1 :]e !re is a rotat+ plate conta9+ a s]ies ( small p9s or /uds1 :i* are laid hold ( by ! key4 ,by turn+ ! key1 ! plate is mov$ r\nd1 ! tumbl] is rais$1 & ! bolt is %ot backw>ds & =w>ds4 ,?is lock1 :i* is some:at exp5sive1 is us$ to "s ext5t on ,cab9et despat*-boxes4 ,! lock inv5t$ by ,mr4 ,nettlefold is s con/ruct$1 t :5 ! bolt is %ot out by ! key1 two tee? or quadrants are project$ f ! sides ( ! bolt1 :i* take a firm hold ( ! plate fix$ on ! door-po/ or edge4 ,?is con/ruction is said to answ] well = slid+-doors4 ,mr4 ,alfr$ ,a+]1 9 #ahbj1 receiv$ a silv] m$al f ! ,society ( ,arts = a draw-back spr+ lat*1 9 :i* ! objects propos$ 7 ! two foll[+--to r5d] ! lock m difficult ( violation by a pick ?an ^? ord9>ily 9 use2 & to apply to x a key ( :i* no ord9>y p]son c\ld take an impress1 & :i* w\ld be difficult ( access ev5 9 a workman's h&4 ,! key is v peculi>2 its pipe consi/s ( ?ree divisions1 ! section ( ! upp] & l[] divisions be+ circul>1 & t ( ! middle division triangul>2 ! triangul> portion is int5d$ to give motion to "s "p ( ! int]ior ( ! lock dur+ ! rotation ( ! key4 ,!re are coll>s fix$ on ! extremity ( ! key1 to act ea* on "o tumbl]2 & !re are modes1 by v>y+ ! arrangem5t ( ^! coll>s on an octagonal /em1 to give some?+ l a p]mutation to ! numb] ( v>iations to :i* ! action ( ! key may be subject4 ,! not*es or slots are r 9 ! bolt ?an 9 ! tumbl]s2 & !re are _m peculi>ities 9 ! g5]al arrangem5t4 ,9 a lock inv5t$ & pat5t$ by ,mr4 ,p>sons1 ! tumbl]s are ( a p>ticul> =m1 be+ h+$ on a pivot at _! c5tres1 & work+ into & out ( two not*es cut 9 ! "u side ( ! bolt4 ,x mu/ be obvi\s t _m v>iations 9 ! adju/m5t ( ! tumbl]s ( locks might be made1 )\t vitiat+ ! pr9ciple on :i* ! action dep5ds4 ,_m inv5tors h tri$ ! use ( an exp&+ web to ! key1 s plann$ t if ! /ep ( ! web be long en\gh to rea* ! tumbl]1 x w\ld be too long to pass ?r\gh ! key-hole2 & !re=e a pr9ciple ( safety w\ld op]ate by enabl+ ! key to adju/ itself at "o mom5t to ! size ( ! key-hole1 & at ano!r to ! height ( ! tumbl]4 ,mr4 ,ma*9 ( ,wolv]hampton inv5t$ su* a key 9 #ahbg4 ,! web ( ! key is movable on a c\nt]sunk p91 on :i* x c s f> slide z to be drawn "o-eigh? ( an in* f ! b>rel4 ,! key-hole is ( su* a size z to admit ! key only :5 ! web is press$ close up to ! b>rel4 ,:5 ! key 9 ?is /ate is introduc$1 & is begun to be turn$ r\nd1 "o ( ! not*es 9 ! web works into a rais$ circul> edge ( /eel1 plac$ ecc5trically ) reg>d to ! lock-p92 s t z ! key is turn$1 ! web becomes drawn out1 & is at its greate/ elongation :5 x arrives at ! tumbl]s3 9 ! second half ( its circul> movem5t1 ! key becomes contract$ to its orig9al dim5sions1 & c !n be remov$ f ! lock4 ,ano!r mode ( modify+ ! key has be5 introduc$ by ,mr4 ,mack9non1 ! object be+ to enable any p]son to *ange at w ! patt]n or arrangem5t ( ! movable p>ts ( a lock & key2 or to keep ! key1 :5 n actually 9 use1 9 su* a /ate z to r5d] x unavail+ to any "o b himself4 ,x 0 a complex arrangem5t1 :i* does n seem to h come mu* into use4 ,! lock inv5t$ by ,mr4 ,williams1 9 #ahci1 may be designat$ a p9-lock1 involv+ a pr9ciple analog\s 9 _m po9ts to t ( ! ,egyptian lock4 ,?is lock has a s]ies ( p9s :i* rea* ?r\gh ! cap1 & are press$ to _! places ) a key l a comb or a rake-head4 ,on ! inn] end ( ea* p9 is a flat piece ( /eel1 9 :i* is cut a not* = ! passage ( ! bolt2 b ?is passage is n cle> until ! not*es 9 all ! pieces ( /eel are 9 a "r l9e4 ,! p9s are movable1 & c be pu%$ ei!r too f> or n f> en\gh to br+ ab\t ! co9cid5ce ( position 9 ! not*es2 & on ?is gr\nd !y are 8d\ble-act+40 ,n[ ! tee? ( ! key are ( irregul> l5g?s1 ea* hav+ a l5g? j suit$ = pu%+ ! p9 to ! prop] dep?3 any o!r l5g?s ( tee? w\ld fail to op5 ! lock4 ,!re is a me*anism ( spr+s & lev]s to %oot ! bolt :5 ! p9s 9 ! plate are rightly adju/$4 ,! arrangem5ts 9 respect to ! key are s+ul> & some:at awkw>d4 ,! tee? :i* lock ! bolt are n ! same z ^? :i* unlock x1 ! us] hav+ to *ange ends & adju/ ! bit to a socket-h&le4 ,?is is "o among _m examples 9 :i* a lock embodies sev]al pr9ciples1 ! inv5tor hav+ set himself ! task ( comb9+ ! excell5ces ( _m div]se locks4 ,9 respect to ! tumbl]-locks g5]ally1 ! simplicity ( action1 ! /r5g? ( con/ruction1 & ! non-liability ( dis>rangem5t1 h giv5 !m a high place among safety-locks4 ,! only dang] seem$ to be1 t any p]son once obta9+ possession ( ! key c\ld take an impression f x1 & !nce =m a key :i* w\ld comm& ! lock4 ,attempts h be5 occasionally made to obviate ?is dang]1 by supply+ ! key ) movable bits :i* c\ld be *ang$ at pleasure1 s z to con/itute any numb] ( effectively diff]5t bits 9 succession4 ,b ! locks be+ s con/ruct$ t ! bolt c\ld only be mov$ :5 ! tumbl]s 7 9 a c]ta9 position1 ! own] 0 plac$ 9 ?is pr$icam5t3 t x 0 useless to alt] ! arrangem5t ( ! bits 9 ! key1 unless ! tumbl]s 7 alt]$ 9 a correspond+ mann]2 & ?is w\ld entail ! removal ( ! lock f ! door1 & ! re-arrangem5t ( ! int]ior me*anism4 ,"o ( ! great defects ( tumbl]-locks made previ\sly to ! la/ t5 ye>s 01 t ! tumbl]s1 :5 ly+ at re/ 9 ! lock1 pres5t$ at _! bellies or l[] edges precisely ! same arrangem5t z ! /eps ( ! key4 ,inde$1 9 _m locks ( ! pres5t day1 a good idea ( ! =m ( ! key may be ga9$ by feel+ ! bellies ( ! tumbl]s4 ,! bellies are 9 fact cut out s z to comp5sate = ! circul> motion ( ! key1 to all[ !m to rema9 at re/ :ile ! /ump is pass+ ?r\gh ! gat+4 ,ev5 9 tumbl]-locks ( ! be/ con/ruction ! tumbl]s w vibrate m or less dur+ ! motion ( ! key2 a defect :i* mu/ be provid$ aga9/ 9 adju/+ ! lock1 or ! /ump w be caught 9 its passage ?r\gh ! gat+4 ,mr4 ,hobbs provides a simple rem$y by enl>g+ ! back "p ( ! gat+1 ! effect ( :i* is z foll[s3 :51 9 %oot+ back ! bolt1 z 9 unlock+1 ! key has got to its highe/ po9t1 ! /ump ent]s ! n>r[ end ( ! gat+2 b 9 %oot+ ! bolt =w>d1 z 9 lock+1 ! /ump ent]s ! gat+ be=e ! key has got to its highe/ po9t1 & to all[ = ! slight vibratory motion ( ! tumbl]s dur+ ! passage ( ! /ump1 ! gat+ is wid5$4 ,! usual me?od ( adju/m5t is to alt] ! =ms ( ! bellies ( ! tumbl]s1 ?us greatly risk+ ! security ( ! lock1 a defect :i* 0 cle>ly p]ceiv$ by ,bramah see pp4 #fg-gj1 & 0 "o ( ! reasons :i* induc$ him to con/ruct locks ) slides in/ead ( tumbl]s4 ,am]ican locks on ! tumbl]-pr9ciple1 & ! relation :i* all su* locks be> to ! ,bramah lock1 w be bett] und]/ood aft] ! details ( ! foll[+ *apt]4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,bramah ,,lock4 ,! lock :i* 0 inv5t$ by ! late ,mr4 ,bramah des]v$ly occupies a high place among ?is class ( contrivances4 ,x diff]s v mat]ially f all :i* has gone be=e x2 its me*anical con/ruction is accurate & beautiful2 its key is rem>kable = smallness ( size2 & ! inv5tion 0 introduc$ by ! publication ( an essay conta9+ mu* s5sible obs]vation on locks g5]ally4 ,! full title ( ?is essay runs ?us3 8,a diss]tation on ! ,con/ruction ( ,locks4 ,conta9+1 fir/1 reasons & obs]vations1 demon/rat+ all locks :i* dep5d ^u fix$ w>ds to be errone\s 9 pr9ciple1 & defective 9 po9t ( security4 ,secondly1 a specification ( a lock1 con/ruct$ on a new & infallible pr9ciple1 :i*1 possess+ all ! prop]ties ess5tial to security1 w prev5t ! mo/ ru9\s consequ5ces ( h\se-robb]ies1 & be a c]ta9 protection aga9/ ?ieves ( all descriptions40 ,a second edition ( ?is ,diss]tation 0 publi%$ 9 #ahae2 b ! "w is n[ extremely sc>ce1 & h>dly atta9able4 ,x is rem>kable to obs]ve ! boldness & self-rely+ confid5ce ) :i* ,mr4 ,bramah1 "s sixty ye>s ago1 decl>$ t all locks 71 up to t "t1 violable2 he felt t ?is 0 /rictly true1 & he hesitat$ n to give expression to 8 conviction4 ,! foll[+ is f 8 ,diss]tation3-- 8,x is obs]vable t ^? :o are tak5 9 ! desp]ate occupation ( h\se-break+ are always furni%$ ) a numb] & v>iety ( keys or o!r in/rum5ts adapt$ to ! purpose ( pick+ or op5+ locks2 & x ne$s no argum5t to prove t ^! implem5ts mu/ be ess5tial to ! execution ( _! int5tions4 ,= unless !y c secure access to ! portable & mo/ valuable "p ( ! effects1 :i* 9 mo/ families are deposit$ "u ! imag9>y security ( locks1 ! plund] w\ld seldom recomp5se ! difficulty & haz>d ( ! ent]prise2 & till "s me?od ( security be adopt$ by :i* su* keys & in/rum5ts may be r5d]$ useless1 no effectual *eck or opposition c be giv5 to ! excessive & al>m+ practice ( h\se-break+4 8,be+ confid5t t ,i h contriv$ a security :i* no in/rum5t b its prop] key c rea*2 & :i* may be s appli$ z n only to defy ! art & +5uity ( ! mo/ skilful workman1 b to r5d] ! utmo/ =ce ineffectual1 & !reby to secure :at is mo/ valu$ z well f di%one/ s]vants z f ! midnight ruffian1 ,i ?9k myself at lib]ty to decl>e 7:at no?+ b ! discov]y ( an infallible rem$y w\ld ju/ify my disclos+71 t all dep5d5ce on ! inviolable security ( locks1 ev5 ( ^? :i* are con/ruct$ on ! be/ pr9ciple ( any 9 g5]al use1 is fallaci\s4 ,to demon/rate ?is bold & al>m+ proposition1 ,i %all fir/ /ate ! common pr9ciples :i* are appli$ 9 ! art ( lock-mak+2 & by describ+ _! op]ation 9 in/rum5ts diff]5tly con/ruct$1 prove to my intellig5t read]s t ! be/-con/ruct$ locks are liable to be secretly op5$ ) great facility2 & t ! locks 9 common use are calculat$ only to induce a false confid5ce 9 _! effect1 & to ?r[ temptation to di%one/y 9 ! way ( ^? :o are acqua9t$ ) _! imp]fections1 & "k _! inefficacy to ! purpose ( security0 7p4 #e74 ,tumbl]s _h be5 s little ?\ght ( & us$ at ! "t ,bramah wrote1 t 8 att5tion 0 almo/ exclusively direct$ to w>d$ locks4 ,! my/]i\s clefts 9 a key1 connect$ ) "s k9d ( secret me*anism 9 ! lock1 _h giv5 ! w>d$ locks a great hold on ! public m9d1 z models ( puzzlem5t & security2 & x 0 to %ew t ?is confid5ce re/$ on a false basis1 t he to a great ext5t lab\r$4 ,! foll[+ is 8 exposition ( ! pr9ciple & ! defects ( ! w>d$ lock4 8,locks h be5 con/ruct$1 & are at pres5t mu* us$ & held 9 great e/eem1 f :i* ! picklock is effectually exclud$2 b ! admission ( false keys is an imp]fection = :i* no locksmi? has ev] f\nd a corrective2 nor c ?is imp]fection be rem$i$ :il/ ! protection ( ! bolt is :olly confid$ to fix$ w>ds4 ,= if a lock ( any giv5 size be furni%$ ) w>ds 9 z curi\s & complete a mann] z x c be1 ^? w>ds be+ necess>ily express$ on :at is t]m$ by locksmi?s ! bit or web ( ! key1 d n admit ( a great] numb] ( v>iations ?an c be express$ on t bit or web2 :51 !re=e1 z _m locks h be5 complet$ ( ! giv5 size z w include all ! v>iations :i* ! surface ( ! bit w conta91 e future lock mu/ be ! c\nt]p>t ( "s =m] "o1 & ! same key :i* op5s ! "o w ( c\rse unlock ! o!r4 ,x h5ce foll[s t e lock :i* %all be fabricat$ on ?is giv5 scale1 beyond ! numb] at :i* ! capability ( v>iation ends1 mu/ be z subject to ! key ( "s o!r lock z to its own2 & bo? become less secure z _! c\nt]p>ts become m num]\s4 ,?is objection is confirm$ by a ref]5ce to ! locks commonly fix$ on draw]s & bureaus1 9 :i* ! v>iations are few1 & ^! s frequ5tly repeat$1 f ! inf9ite dem& = su* locks1 t1 ev5 if x 7 =m$ to resi/ ! picklock1 !y w\ld be liable to be op5$ by t5 ?\s& correspond5t keys4 ,& ! same obs]vation applies 9 a great] or less degree to e lock 9 :i* ! v>iations are n endless4 8,b if ! v>iation ( locks 9 :i* ! bolt is gu>d$ only by fix$ w>ds c\ld be multipli$ to inf9ity1 !y w\ld af=d no security aga9/ ! ef=ts ( an +5i\s locksmi?2 = ?\gh an artful & judici\s arrangem5t ( ! w>ds1 or o!r imp$im5ts1 may r5d] ! passage to ! bolt s intricate & p]plex$ z to exclude e in/rum5t b its prop] key1 a skilful workman hav+ access to ! entrance w be at no loss to fabricate a key :i* %all tally z p]fectly ) ! w>ds z if ! lock _h be5 op5 to 8 inspection4 ,& ?is op]ation may n only be p]=m$ to ! highe/ degree ( c]ta9ty & exactness1 b is conduct$ likewise ) ! utmo/ ease4 ,= ! block or bit1 :i* is int5d$ to receive ! impression ( ! w>ds1 be+ fitt$ to ! keyhole1 & ! %ank ( ! key bor$ to a suffici5t dep? to receive ! pipe1 no?+ rema9s b to cov] ! bit ) a prep>ation :i*1 by a g5tle pressure aga9/ ! introductory w>d1 may receive its impression1 & ?us furni% a c]ta9 direction = ! application ( ! file4 ,! block or bit be+ ?us prep>$ ) a tally to ! fir/ w>d1 ga9s admission to ! second2 & a repetition ( ! means by :i* ! fir/ impression 0 obta9$1 enables ! workman to proce$1 till by ! dext]\s use ( 8 file he has effect$ a free passage to ! bolt4 ,& 9 ?is op]ation he is direct$ by an infallible guide2 =1 ! pipe be+ a fix$ c5tre on :i* ! key revolves )\t any v>iation1 & ! w>ds be+ fix$ likewise1 _! position mu/ be accurately describ$ on ! surface ( ! bit :i* is prep>$ to receive _! impression4 ,! key !re=e may be =m$ & p]fectly fitt$ to ! lock )\t any extraord9>y degree ( g5ius or me*anical skill4 ,x is f h5ce evid5t t endless v>iations 9 ! disposition ( fix$ w>ds are n alone suffici5t to ! purpose ( p]fect security4 ,i d n mean to subtract f ! m]it ( su* inv5tions1 nor to dispute _! utility or importance4 ,e approa* t[>ds p]fection 9 ! art ( lock-mak+ may be productive ( mu* good1 & is at lea/ des]v+ ( comm5dation2 = if no high] b5efit 7 to result f x1 ?an ! r5d]+ difficult or impossible to _m t :i* is /ill practicable & easy to a few1 x furni%es a mat]ial security aga9/ ^? f :om ! greate/ mis*iefs & dang]s are to be appreh5d$40 ,!re c be little d\bt1 9 ! pres5t day1 t ,bramah did n ov]-rate ! fallacies embodi$ 9 ! sy/em ( w>ds = locks4 ,he 0 suffici5tly a ma*9i/ to detect ! weak po9ts 9 ! ord9>y locks2 &1 :atev] may h be5 8 ov]-e/imate ( 8 own lock 7pres5tly to be describ$71 he 0 c]ta9ly guilty ( no inju/ice to ^? :o _h prec$$ him2 = _! locks 7 sub/antially z he has describ$ !m4 ,to und]/& ! true be>+s ( 8 ,diss]tation too1 we mu/ rememb] t h\sebreak+ _h ris5 to a mo/ d>+ height 9 ,london at ! "t he wrote 7ab\t ! middle ( ! reign ( ,george ,,iii472 & m5's m9ds 7 m ?an usually absorb$ by consid]ations relat+ to _! doors & locks4 ,mr4 ,bramah1 aft] do+ due ju/ice to ! +5uity ( ,b>ron's lock1 9 :i*1 if ! tumbl] be ei!r ov] lift$ or "u lift$ ! lock _c be op5$1 po9t$ out v cle>ly ! defective pr9ciple :i* /ill gov]n$ ! lock4 8,greatly z ! art is indebt$ to ! +5uity ( ,mr4 ,b>ron1 he has n yet atta9$ t po9t ( excell5ce 9 ! con/ruction ( 8 lock :i* is ess5tial to p]fect security4 ,8 improvem5t has greatly increas$ ! difficulty b n preclud$ ! possibility ( op5+ 8 lock by a key made & obta9$ z above describ$ 7by a wax impression on a blank key72 = an impression ( ! tumbl]s may be tak5 by ! same me?od1 & ! key be made to act ^u !m z accurately z x may be made to tally ) ! w>ds4 ,nor w ! practicability ( obta9+ su* a key be prev5t$1 h[ev] complicat$ ! pr9ciple or con/ruction ( ! lock may be1 :il/ ! disposition ( its p>ts may be asc]ta9$ & _! impression correctly tak5 f )\t4 ,i appreh5d ! use ( additional tumbl]s to h be5 appli$ by ,mr4 ,b>ron z a rem$y = ?is imp]fection40 ,mr4 ,bramah ?\ght t ,b>ron _h a p]ception ( a high] degree ( security1 b _h fail$ to realise x2 because1 by giv+ a uni=m motion to ! tumbl]s1 & pres5t+ !m ) a face :i* tallies exactly ) ! key1 !y /ill p>take 9 a v great degree ( ! nature ( fix$ w>ds1 & ! security ( ! lock is !reby r5d]$ 9 a proportionate degree defective & liable to d\bt4 ,to %ew h[ ?is insecurity arises1 ,mr4 ,bramah illu/rates ! matt] 9 ! foll[+ way3 8,suppose ! key ) :i* ! workman is mak+ 8 way to ! bolt to h pass$ ! w>ds1 & to be 9 contact ) ! mo/ prom95t ( ! tumbl]s4 ,! impression1 :i* ! slighte/ t\* w leave on ! key1 w direct ! application ( ! file till suffici5t space is prep>$ to give x a free passage4 ,?is be+ accompli%$1 ! key w ( c\rse be> ^u ! tumbl] :i* is mo/ remote2 & be+ =m$ by ?is process to tally ) ! face :i* ! tumbl]s pres5t1 w acquire z p]fect a comm& ( ! lock z if x _h be5 orig9ally made = ! purpose4 ,& ! key1 be+ ?us br\ght to a be>+ on all ! tumbl]s at once1 ! b5efit aris+ f ! increase ( _! numb]1 if multipli$ by fifty1 mu/ inevitably be lo/2 =1 hav+ b "o motion1 !y act only ) ! effect ( "o in/rum5t40 ,x is wor?y ( notice1 t ev5 :ile ?us %ew+ ! weak po9ts ( ! ,b>ron lock1 ,mr4 ,bramah seems to h _h 9 8 m9d "s conception ( infallibility or inviolability atta9able by ! lock 9 "q4 ,aft] speak+ ( ! defect aris+ f ! bad arrangem5t ( ! tumbl]s1 he says3 8,b no?+ is m easy ?an to remove ?is objection1 & to obta9 p]fect security f ! application ( ,mr4 ,b>ron's pr9ciple4 ,if ! tumbl]s1 :i* project unequally & =m a fix$ tally to ! key1 7 made to pres5t a plane surface1 x w\ld require a sep>ate & unequal motion to dis5gage !m f ! bolt2 & consequ5tly no impression c\ld be obta9$ f )\t t w\ld give any idea ( _! positions ) respect to ea* o!r1 or be ( any use ev5 to ! mo/ skilful & exp]i5c$ workman 9 ! =mation ( a false key4 ,! correction ( ?is defect w\ld rescue ! pr9ciple ( ,mr4 ,b>ron's lock1 z f> z ,i am capable ( judg+1 f e imputation ( error or imp]fection2 &1 z long z x c\ld be kept unimpair$1 w\ld be a p]fect security4 ,b ! tumbl]s1 on :i* its security dep5ds1 be+ ( slight sub/ance1 expos$ to p]petual friction--z well f ! application ( ! key z f _! own prop] motion--& _! (fice be+ su* z to r5d] ! mo/ trifl+ loss ( metal fatal to _! op]ation1 !y w\ld ne$ a fur!r ex]tion ( ,mr4 ,b>ron's +5uity to make !m durable40 ,x may p]haps be d\bt$ :e!r ! pr9ciple ( ,bramah's lock is n m cle>ly %ewn 9 ! orig9al con/ruct$ by him ?an 9 t ( lat] date4 ,9 appe>ance x is totally diff]5t1 b ! same p]vad+ pr9ciple is obs]vable 9 bo?2 & ! cyl9d] lock c c]ta9ly be bett] und]/ood :5 ?is orig9al flat lock has be5 /udi$4 ,! annex$ woodcut is tak5 f ! fir/ & v sc>ce edition ( ,mr4 ,bramah's ,diss]tation2 ! description is some:at m cond5s$1 b p]haps suffici5t = ! purpose4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #cc4 ,bramah's fir/ model4 ,! lock is suppos$ to be ly+ flat1 ) ! bolt ,b half-%ot4 ,rang$ some:at diagonally are six lev]s1 turn+ on a horizontal jo9t or pivot at ,a1 ea* lev] hav+ a slight ext5t ( v]tical motion indep5d5t ( ! o!rs4 ,ea* lev] re/s on a sep>ate spr+ ( suffici5t /r5g? to su/a9 its weight1 or1 if depress$ by a sup]ior =ce1 to re/ore x to its prop] position :5 ! =ce is )drawn4 ,f is a curv$ piece ( metal1 pi]c$ ) six grooves or passages2 ^! grooves are exactly equal 9 wid? to ! ?ickness ( ! lev]s1 b are ( suffici5t dep? to all[ ! lev]s a free motion 9 a p]p5dicul> direction4 ,! ends ( ! lev]s are ins]t$ 9 ^! grooves1 & h ?is fre$om ( motion1 :e!r lift$ by ! ela/ic p[] ( ! spr+s or depress$ by a weight f above4 ,9 ! bolt ,b is a not* to receive a peculi>ly-%ap$ lev]1 :i* %oots or )draws ! bolt accord+ z x trav]ses to ! "r or ! left4 ,?is lev]1 ! six long lev]s1 ! spr+s b5ea? !m1 ! b5t piece ,f1 & ! pivot1 all alike are fix$ to a circul> plat=m ,p1 :i* turns on a c5tre2 s t if any =ce c make ?is plat=m turn p>tially r\nd1 ! bolt mu/ be %ot or un%ot by ! lev] :i* works 9 ! not*4 ,! six long lev]s are ! contrivances :]eby ! plat=m %all n be all[$ to turn until ! prop] mov+ ag5t 7! key7 %all h be5 appli$1 ! plate p be+ "o ( ! assi/ants 9 ?is ob/ruction4 ,?is plate1 :i* is holl[ und]nea?1 has six not*es 9 "o ( its edges2 ! po9ts ( ! lev]s cat* into ^! not*es2 & :ile s caught1 ! lev]s _c move horizontally1 & all ! ma*9]y is at a /&-/ill4 ,to enable ! key to set ! me*anism 9 action1 o!r contrivances are necess>y4 ,ea* lev] has a not* at its extreme end1 & ! six are not*$ v irregul>ly 9 respect "o to ano!r4 ,^! not*es mu/ be br\ght all into "o plane1 to enable ! lev]s to pass horizontally out ( ! not*es 9 ! plate1 9 ! same way z ! two prongs ( a =k might trav]se "o above & ! o!r bel[ ! blade ( a knife2 & :5 ! lev]-not*es are 9 ?is position1 all 9 "o plane & 9 ! plane ( ! plate1 ! lev]s c be mov$1 & ) x ! /ump :i* %oots ! bolt4 ,to ensure ?is due press+ d[n ( ! lev]s1 a key is us$ su* z is %ewn 9 ! cut1 hav+ six /eps or bits to correspond ) ! six lev]s2 ?is key1 put ^u ! p9 ,k1 presses d[n all ! lev]s to ! exact di/ance necess>y = br++ _! not*es into "o plane1 viz4 ! plane ( ! plate2 ! key !n be+ turn$ r\nd turns ! movable plat=m ,p1 & %oots ! bolt4 ,x is evid5t at a glance1 t unless ! v>i\s /eps ( ! key are s cut1 t ea* %all press d[n its own lev] to ! prop] ext5t1 ! ends ( ! lev]s _c pass ! not*es 9 ! plate1 & ! bolt c nei!r be lock$ nor unlock$4 ,x may be well to give ,bramah's own words 9 relation to ?is lock3 8,i may safely ass]t t x is n 9 art to produce a key or o!r in/rum5t by :i* a lock con/ruct$ on ?is pr9ciple c be op5$4 ,x w be a task1 inde$1 ( great difficulty1 ev5 to a skilful workman1 to fit a key to ?is species ( lock1 ?\gh its int]ior face 7 op5 to 8 inspection2 = ! lev]s be+ rais$ by ! subjac5t spr+s to an equal height pres5t a plane surface1 & consequ5tly convey no direction t c be ( any use 9 =m+ a tally to ! irregul> surface :i* !y pres5t :5 act+ 9 subjection to ! prop] key4 ,unless1 !re=e1 a me?od be contriv$ to br+ ! not*es on ! ends ( ! lev]s 9 a direct l9e ) ea* o!r1 & to reta9 !m 9 t position till an exact impression ( ! irregul> surface :i* ! lev]s w !n exhibit c be tak51 ! workman w 9 va9 attempt to fit a key to ! lock1 or by any ef=t ( art to move ! bolt4 ,& :5 x is consid]$ t ?is process w be greatly imp$$1 & may p]haps be entirely fru/rat$1 by ! action ( ! spr+s1 x mu/ appe> t great pati5ce & p]sev]ance1 z well z great +5uity1 w be requir$ to give any *ance ( succe$+ 9 ! attempt4 ,i d n /ate ?is circum/ance z a po9t ess5tial or ( any importance to ! purpose ( ! lock1 b to prove m cle>ly :at ,i h be=e obs]v$ ^u its pr9ciple & prop]ties2 = if su* difficulties occur to a skill$ workman1 z to r5d] x almo/1 if n altoge!r impracticable to =m a key :5 ! lock is op5 to 8 inspection & its p>ts accessible to 8 h&1 x pretty cle>ly demon/rates ! impossibility ( accompli%+ x :5 no "p ( ! movem5t c be t\*$ or se540 ,x is evid5t t ,mr4 ,bramah _h 8 ?\ghts direct$ to t mode ( pick+ locks :i* dep5ds on tak+ impressions ( ! mov+ p>ts1 r ?an to ! me*anical or pressure me?od :i* has be5 develop$ 9 lat] times4 ,!re c be little d\bt t a lock 01 to 8 m9d1 a beautiful & admirable ma*9e1 f> elevat$ above ! level ( m]e blacksmi?'s "w2 & 8 "n w ev] be associat$ ) :at may be t]m$ ! philosophy ( lock-mak+4 ,aft] ! model-lock1 :i* has j be5 describ$1 0 con/ruct$1 & f\nd to corroborate ! idea :i* 0 work+ 9 ,mr4 ,bramah's m9d1 he proce$$ to ! con/ruction ( 8 b>rel or cyl9d]-lock1 embrac+ simil> elem5ts plac$ 9 m conv5i5t juxta-position4 ,9 8 ,essay he gives an engrav+ to illu/rate ! pr9ciple on :i* 8 lock acts1 r 9 ! mann] ( a diagram ?an z depict+ any lock actually made2 8 ma9 object be+ to imp>t a cle> notion ( ! action ( ! slides :i* =m su* a di/+ui%+ feature 9 8 lock4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #cd4 ,diagram to illu/rate ! ,bramah lock4 ,view$ 9 ?is s5se1 !re=e1 simply z an illu/rative diagram1 ! annex$ cut may repres5t ! action ( ! safety slides4 ,b is a slid+ b> or bolt1 hav+ a p[] ( longitud9al motion 9 ! frame ,f4 ,?is frame has six not*es cut on ea* ( its long sides1 ! two s]ies be+ exactly opposite ea* o!r2 & !re are six simil> not*es cut 9 ! bolt ,b4 ,! concurr5t effect ( all ^! eighte5 not*es is1 t ! six slides a b c d e f c move freely up & d[n across ! bolt4 ,:5 ! slides are ?us plac$1 ! bolt _c move1 & may 9 ?is case be consid]$ to be lock$4 ,!re are six clefts or not*es 9 ! six slides1 "o to ea* 7#a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f72 & until all ^! are br\ght 9 a "r l9e1 ! bolt _c move ?r\gh !m4 ,if a tally or key be prep>$1 z %ewn at ,t 9 ! l[] "p ( ! cut1 ) six projections1 & if ^! projections ?ru/ up ! six slides till _! clefts rise to ! plane ( ! bolt1 !n c ! bolt be )drawn or ! lock op5$4 ,?is s]ves to illu/rate ! relation betwe5 ! slides & ! key1 z c>ri$ out 9 ! way n[ to be describ$4 ,"o peculi>ity ( ! ,bramah lock is1 t f ! ess5tial "p ( ! app>atus be+ a b>rel or cyl9d]1 mu* ( ! work+ c be conduct$ 9 ! la!2 & ?is has giv5 a beauty to ! details g5]ally & des]v$ly admir$4 ,mr4 ,bramah1 :5 he work$ out ! !ory ( 8 lock1 resolv$ to disc>d altoge!r ! use ( fix$ w>ds1 & also ! use ( tumbl]s work+ on a pivot at "o end2 sub/itut+ 9 _! /ead a sy/em ( slides1 work+ 9 a v novel way4 ,! body ( a ,bramah lock may be consid]$ z =m$ ( two conc5tric brass b>rels1 ! out] "o fix$1 & ! inn] rotat+ )9 x4 ,! inn] b>rel has a project+ /ud1 :i*1 :ile ! b>rel is rotat+1 comes 9 contact ) ! bolt 9 su* a way z to %oot or lock x2 & ?us ! /ud s]ves ! same purpose z ! bit ( an ord9>y key1 r5d]+ ! con/ruction ( a bit to ! ,bramah key unnecess>y4 ,if ! b>rel c be made to rotate to ! "r or left1 ! bolt c be lock$ or unlock$2 & ! problem is1 !re=e1 h[ to ensure ! rotation ( ! b>rel4 ,! key1 :i* has a pipe or holl[ %aft1 is ins]t$ 9 ! keyhole ^u ! p91 & is !n turn$ r\nd2 b !re mu/ be a v nice adju/m5t ( ! me*anism ( ! b>rel be=e ?is turn+ r\nd ( ! key & ! b>rel c be ensur$4 ,! b>rel has an ext]nal circul> groove at "r angles to ! axis1 p5etrat+ to a c]ta9 dep?2 & x has also sev]al int]nal longitud9al grooves1 f end to end4 ,9 ^! int]nal grooves ?9 pieces ( /eel are able to slide1 9 a direction p>allel ) ! axis ( ! b>rel4 ,a ?9 plate ( /eel1 call$ ! lock+-plate1 is screw$ 9 two portions to ! out] b>rel1 conc5tric ) ! inn] b>rel2 & at ! same "t occupy+ ! ext]nal circul> groove ( ! inn] b>rel2 ?is plate has not*es1 fitt$ 9 numb] & size to receive ! edges ( ! slides :i* "w 9 ! int]nal longitud9al grooves ( ! b>rel4 ,if ?is 7 all1 ! b>rel c\ld n revolve1 because ! slides are cat*+ 9 ! grooves ( ! lock+-plate2 b ea* slide has also a groove1 correspond+ 9 dep? to ! ext5t ( ?is entanglem5t2 & if ?is groove be br\ght to ! plane ( ! lock+-plate1 ! b>rel c be turn$1 s f> z respects t individual slide4 ,all ! slides mu/1 h[ev]1 be s adju/$ t _! grooves %all come to ! same plane2 b z ! not* is cut at diff]5t po9ts 9 ! l5g?s ( ! sev]al slides1 ! slides h to be pu%$ 9 to diff]5t di/ances 9 ! b>rel1 9 ord] t ?is juxta-position ( not*es may be ensur$4 ,?is is effect$ by ! key1 :i* has not*es or clefts at ! end ( ! pipe equal 9 numb] to ! slides1 & made to fit ! ends ( ! slides :5 ! key is ins]t$2 ! key presses ea* slide1 & pu%es x s f> z ! dep? ( its cleft w p]mit2 & all ^! dep?s are su* t all ! slides are pu%$ to ! exact position :]e _! not*es all lie 9 ! same plane2 ?is is ! plane ( ! lock+-plate1 & ! b>rel c be !n turn$4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #ce4 ,ext]ior ( a ,bramah lock4 ,?is is ! pr9ciple :i* ,mr4 ,bramah adopt$2 & we h n[ to trace x1 /ep by /ep1 by means ( illu/rative details4 ,fig4 #ce repres5ts ! ext]ior ( a box or desk lock1 "o among _m v>ieties :i* ! ,bramah lock pres5ts4 ,a ,a %ews ! bolt1 =m$ some?+ l two hooks ris+ out ( a b> ( metal1 :i* b> has a backw>d & =w>d motion ^u ! plate ,b ,b4 ,! upp] edge ( ?is plate is turn$ ov] at "r angles1 =m+ a small horizontal surface ?r\gh :i* two op5+s are cut to receive ! two hook$ portions ( ! bolt4 ,! movem5ts ( ! bolt are o!rwise guid$ by ! edges ( squ>e holes ?r\gh :i* x works2 ! holes be+ made 9 ! edge-pieces ( ! lock1 rivet$ to ! ma9 plate4 ,! bolt is fur!r prev5t$ f ris+ out ( its place by means ( a plate ( metal ,c1 :i* is secur$ to ! edge-pieces by two screws #a1 #a1 & by two /eady+ pieces4 ,?is plate has on its surface a cyl9drical projection ,d1 :i* conta9s 9 effect all ! work+ me*anism ( ! lock4 ,! p9s #d #d are employ$ = secur+ a plate1 :i* we %all h to describe pres5tly4 ,:5 su* a lock is fix$ ^u a desk or box1 ! portion ,d projects to a small di/ance ?r\gh a hole 9 ! wood-"w1 =m+ 9 itself a v neat escut*eon1 ) a key-hole 9 ! c5tre4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #cf4 ,details ( ! ,bramah lock4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #cg4 ,! slides4 ,s mu* = ! ext]ior4 ,we mu/ n[ proce$ to exam9e ! int]ior ( ! lock1 especially ! "p conta9$ )9 ! cyl9d]4 ,9 fig4 #cf1 = conv5i5ce ( arrangem5t1 ! sev]al p>ts are exhibit$ sep>ately1 & z if ! plane ( ! lock 7 horizontal1 ) ! key act+ v]tically4 ,! ess5tial "p ( ! me*anism is a b>rel or cyl9d] ,e1 pi]c$ or bor$ ) a cyl9drical hole d[n its c5tre4 ,! inside ( ! bore has six n>r[ grooves1 cut p>allel ) ! axis1 & 9 ! direction ( radii2 ! grooves are n cut ?r\gh ! ?ickness ( ! cyl9d]1 b leave suffici5t sub/ance ( metal = /r5g?4 ,9 e groove is fitt$ a /eel slide ( peculi> =m1 su* z is %ewn at a a 9 fig4 #cg4 ,ea* slide is split 9 its ?ickness 7se5 9 section71 s t x may move up & d[n 9 its groove ) a slight friction1 & !reby n fall simply by its own weight4 ,ea* slide has ?ree small not*es 7#c1 #b1 #c71 ! use ( :i* w pres5tly appe>4 ,rev]t+ to fig4 #cf1 ! l[] "p ( ! op5+ ?r\gh ! cyl9d] ,e is clos$ by a circul> plate ( metal1 fix$ to x by two screws2 ?is plate is repres5t$ at ,f1 9 ! l[] "p ( ! figure4 ,?is plate has a v]tical p9 ris+ f its c5tre 7also se5 at b1 fig4 #ci71 & s]v+ z a key-p9 on :i* ! pipe ( ! key may "w or slide2 & x has also a %ort circul> /ud c project+ f its "u side1 & fitt$ to ent] into a curv$ op5+ 9 ! bolt pres5tly to be describ$4 ,! po9t to be n[ borne 9 m9d is ?is1 t if ! cyl9d] ,e turns r\nd1 ! plate ,f w also turn r\nd1 & ) x ! /ud c2 & z ?is /ud works into ! peculi>ly =m$ cavity d 9 a portion ( ! bolt 7fig4 #ch71 x causes ! bolt to be %ot backw>ds or =w>ds4 ,n[1 9 ord] to prev5t ?is rotat+ ( ! cyl9d] unless ! prop] key be employ$1 ! foll[+ me*anism is introduc$3 ! cyl9d] has a groove cut r\nd its circumf]5ce at e e1 ext5d+ suffici5tly ne> to ! int]nal bore to produce ! desir$ effect )\t too mu* weak5+ ! metal4 ,into ?is not* is introduc$ ! ?9 circul> plate ( metal f f1 x be+ divid$ into two halves = ?is purpose2 & :5 s plac$1 x occupies ! position %ewn by ! dott$ portion e e4 ,:5 ?is plate is screw$ to ! case ( ! lock by ! screws #d1 #d1 x _c ( c\rse turn r\nd2 b ! cyl9d] itself w or w n turn r\nd accord+ to ! position ( ! slides4 ,! plate f f has six not*es1 #e1 #e1 #e1 c4 9 ! inn] edge or circle2 s adju/$ t1 :5 ! plate is 9 its place1 ! slides a a c move up & d[n4 ,! cyl9d] _c move r\nd 9 a circle )\t c>ry+ ! slides ) x2 & ^! _c s move unless !y are all depress$ to su* exact di/ances 9 _! respective grooves1 t ! deep not* ( ea* slid] 7%ewn at #b 9 fig4 #cg7 %all come into ! plane ( ! circul> plate3 :5 all are s br\ght1 ! cyl9d] c be turn$4 ,if any "o ( ! slides be press$ d[n ei!r too l[ or n l[ en\gh1 ?is turn+ ( ! cyl9d] _c be effect$1 because ! slides w be int]sect$ by ! edges ( ! not*es #e1 #e2 & x is ! (fice ( ! key1 !re=e1 to press all ! six slides d[n to ! exact di/ances requir$4 ,:5 ! slides are n press$ ^u by ! key1 !y are =c$ upw>ds to ! top ( ! cyl9d] by a spiral spr+ #f1 coil$ loosely r\nd ! p9 b2 ?is pressure =ces up a small collet1 #g1 on :i* ! upp] "p ( ! slides re/ by a sort ( /ep4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #ch4 ,! bolt4 ,! fir/ locks 7 made ) a sep>ate & indep5d5t spr+ to ea* slide2 b x is a v great improvem5t1 ! introduction ( "o common spr+ to raise up ! :ole numb]2 because if a p]son attempts to pick ! lock by depress+ ! slides sep>ately by means ( any small po9t$ in/rum5ts1 & by *ance br+s two or m ( !m to ! prop] dep? = turn+ r\nd1 %\ld he press any "o too l[1 x is difficult to raise x aga9 )\t reliev+ ! spr+ #f1 :i* imm$iately ?r[s ! :ole numb] ( slides up to ! top1 & de/roys all t _h be5 done t[>ds pick+ ! lock4 ,ano!r improvem5t ( ?is lock1 & "o :i* v mu* increas$ ! difficulty ( pick+1 & its consequ5t security1 0 ! introduction ( false & deceptive not*es cut 9 ! slid]s1 z se5 at #c1 #c4 ,x 0 f\nd t 9 ! attempt to pick ?is lock1 an in/rum5t 0 introduc$ by ! keyhole to =ce ! cyl9d] r\nd4 ,at ! same "t t ! slides 7 depress$ by sep>ate in/rum5ts1 ^? slides :i* 7 n at ! prop] level = mov+ r\nd 7 held fa/ by ! not*es #e1 #e 9 ! plate f f be>+ aga9/ _! sides2 b :5 press$ d[n to ! prop] level1 or till ! not* #b came opposite f f1 !y 7 n held fa/1 b 7 reliev$4 ,?is furni%$ ! depr$ator ) ! means ( asc]ta9+ :i* slides 7 press$ l[ en\gh1 or to ! po9t = unlock+4 ,! not*es #c1 #c 9 ! slides are sometimes cut above ! true not* #b1 sometimes bel[1 & at o!r times "o on ea* side 7"o above & "o bel[72 !y are n ( suffici5t dep? to all[ ! cyl9d] to turn r\nd1 b are int5d$ to mislead any "o :o attempts to pick1 by 8 n kn[+ :e!r x is ! true not* or o!rwise1 or ev5 :e!r ! slid] be high] or l[] ?an ! true not*4 ,we h n yet suffici5tly describ$ ! key ( ! ,bramah lock4 ,"o m]it ( ! lock is ! rem>kable smallness ( ! key1 :i* r5d]s x s conv5i5tly portable4 ,! key1 z %ewn 9 ! upp] "p ( ! figure1 has six not*es or clefts at ! end ( its pipe or b>rel2 ^! clefts are cut to diff]5t dep?s1 to accord ) ! prop] ext5t ( movem5t 9 ! slides4 ,!re is a small projection1 #aj1 ne> ! end ( ! pipe1 fitt$ to ent] ! not* ,d 9 ! cyl9d]2 ?is =ces ! cyl9d] r\nd :5 ! p>ts are all prop]ly adju/$4 ,! bolt ( ! lock1 :5 prop]ly %ot or lock$1 is prev5t$ f be+ =c$ back by ! /ud c on ! bottom1 ,f1 ( ! cyl9d] com+ into a direct l9e ) its c5tre ( motion1 z %ewn 9 fig4 #ci2 9 ?is position no =ce1 appli$ to drive ! bolt back1 w\ld h any t5d5cy to turn ! cyl9d] r\nd4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #ci4 ,section ( ! ,bramah cyl9d]4 ,to facilitate ! compreh5sion ( ?is v curi\s & beautiful me*anism1 ! cyl9d] is %ewn 9 section 9 ! annex$ fig4 #ci1 ! same lett]s & figures ( ref]5ce be+ us$ z be=e4 ,9 ! :ole ( ?is description we h spok5 ( six slides1 & six only2 b ,bramah locks may be1 & h be51 con/ruct$ ) a mu* l>g] numb]4 ,!re h be5 sev]al attempts made to modify ! action ( ,bramah's lock1 or to comb9e ?is action ) t ( "s o!r inv5tor4 ,x w suffice to describe "o ( ^!4 ,! lock inv5t$ by ,mr4 ,kemp ( ,cork1 & = :i* a pat5t 0 obta9$ 9 #ahaf1 is call$ by him ! ,union lock1 z comb9+ ! pr9ciples ( ,b>ron's & ,bramah's locks4 ,x conta9s two1 ?ree1 or m slid]s or tumbl]s1 op]at$ ^u by two1 ?ree1 or m conc5tric tubes4 ,^! conc5tric tubes are ( diff]5t l5g?s1 & are plac$ inside ! b>rel ( ! key2 s t ! b>rel may1 9 fact1 be conceiv$ to consi/ ( a s]ies ( conc5tric tubes4 ,^! tubes are made ( su* respective l5g?s z to pu% back ! tumbl]s1 slid]s1 or p9s :i* deta9 ! bolt2 & ?is to ! precise ext5t t w br+ c]ta9 not*es 9 all ! slid]s to ! position :i* w all[ ! bolt to pass4 ,! inv5tor gives ?is lock its di/9ctive appellation because x comb9es some?+ ( ! pu%+ motion :i* ,bramah gives to 8 key1 ) some?+ ( ! tumbl]-motion obs]vable 9 ,b>ron's locks4 ,! pr9ciple ( safety is consid]$ "h to re/ *iefly on ! extreme difficulty ( imitat+ ! key4 ,mr4 ,bramah calculates ! numb] ( *anges ( position :i* ! slides ( 8 lock are capable ( assum+ be=e ! "r "o w\ld be atta9$4 8,let u suppose ! numb] ( lev]s1 slides1 or o!r movables by :i* ! lock is kept %ut1 to consi/ ( twelve1 all ( :i* mu/ receive a diff]5t & di/9ct *ange 9 _! position or situation by ! application ( ! key1 & ea* ( !m likewise capable ( receiv+ m or less ?an its due1 ei!r ( :i* w\ld be suffici5t to prev5t ! int5d$ effect4 ,x rema9s1 !re=e1 to e/imate ! numb] producible1 :i* maybe ?us attempt$4 ,let ! d5om9ation ( ^! slides be repres5t$ by twelve ari?metical progressionals2 we f9d t ! ultimate numb] ( *anges t may be made 9 _! place or situation is #dgi1jja1fjj2 & by add+ "o m to t numb] ( slides1 !y w\ld !n be capable ( receiv+ a numb] ( *anges equal to #f1bbg1jbj1hjj2 & s on progressively1 by ! addition ( o!rs 9 l mann] to inf9ity4 ,f ?is x appe>s t "o lock1 consi/+ ( ?irte5 ( ! above-m5tion$ slid]s1 may 7by *ang+ _! places only1 )\t any diff]5ce 9 motion or size17 be made to require ! said imm5se numb] ( keys1 by :i* ! lock c\ld only be op5$ "u all its v>iations40 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,am]ican ,,locks4 ,! lock-manufacture 9 ,am]ica has und]gone "s su* *anges z 9 ,engl&4 ,! insuffici5cy ( w>ds to ! atta9m5t ( security has be5 = _m ye>s kn[n2 & ! unfitness ( ev5 tumbl]s to atta9 ?is end1 )\t auxili>y contrivances1 has be5 fully recognis$ = a doz5 ye>s back4 ,9 ?is1 & 9 o!r me*anical arts1 ! ,am]ican ma*9i/s dep5d$ prim>ily on ! inv5tion ( ! artisans 9 ! "m c\ntry1 r ?an on ^? ( any cont95tal ,european /ate4 ,b ! developm5t ( ! art 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates has n be5 want+ 9 orig9ality2 ! v>ieties ( locks h be5 v num]\s1 & _m ( !m exce$+ly +5i\s4 ,x is n necess>y1 h[ev]1 to describe or depict any ( ^? ( simple =m4 ,! w>d$ locks ( diff]5t c\ntries v mu* resemble ea* o!r2 ! intricate w>d$ locks made 9 ,france 9 ! la/ c5tury h long fall5 into disuse1 9 consequ5ce ( ! g5]al conviction t no arrangem5t ( w>ds1 h[ev] intricate1 c af=d ! degree ( security requir$ 9 a good lock4 ,x w be m to ! purpose1 !re=e1 to proce$ at once to a notice ( ^? ,am]ican locks :i*1 dur+ ! la/ few ye>s1 h acquir$ "s celebrity2 fir/1 h[ev]1 notic+ "o ( old] date4 ,/ansbury's lock1 inv5t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ab\t =ty ye>s ago1 may be reg>d$ z a modification ( ! ,egyptian lock4 ,x _h a bolt1 case1 & key-hole some:at simil> to ^? ( mod]n locks2 b !re 7 peculi>ities ( con/ruction 9 o!r respects4 ,!re 0 a revolv+ plate1 pi]c$ ) a s]ies ( holes1 & hav+ a bit or p9 :i* mov$ ! bolt4 ,on ! lock-case 7 a s]ies ( spr+s1 ea* hav+ a p9 at "o end2 & ! arrangem5t 0 su* t1 :5 ! bolt 0 lock$ or unlock$1 ea* p9 w\ld be press$ into "s "o ( ! holes4 ,l z 9 ! ,egyptian lock 7figs4 #a to #d71 ea* p9 _h to be pu%$ out1 & all ( !m simultane\sly1 to all[ ! plate to turn & move ! bolt4 ,! key 0 made ) a b>rel & bit2 & on ! front end ( ! bit 0 a s]ies ( p9s correspond+ 9 position ) ! holes 9 ! plate4 ,! mode ( lock+ or unlock+ 0 z foll[s3 ! key 0 ins]t$ 9 ! key-hole1 & turn$ to a c]ta9 position2 x 0 !n press$ 9 ) "s =ce1 until ! p9s on ! key met ^? 9 ! plate2 :5 ! latt]1 yield+ to ! pressure1 left ! plate free to turn & move ! bolt4 ,modifications ( ! ,egyptian lock1 m or less resembl+ ?is1 h be5 br\ght out 9 "s v>iety on bo? sides ( ! ,atlantic2 b sc>cely any h equall$ 9 simplicity ! curi\s wood5 relic ( by-gone +5uity 9 ! art ( lock-mak+4 ,a lock made a few ye>s ago by ,mr4 ,yale1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 some:at resembles ! ,bramah lock 9 hav+ a cyl9d] or b>rel1 or r two conc5tric cyl9d]s1 "o work+ )9 ! o!r4 ,^! cyl9d]s are held toge!r by p9s :i* pass ?r\gh !m bo? into ! key-hole4 ,on ! back ( ! inn] cyl9d] is a p9 t fits into a slot 9 ! bolt1 & moves x :5ev] ! cyl9d] is turn$4 ,! p9s t hold ! cyl9d]s toge!r are ea* cut 9 two2 ! pieces ( ! v>i\s p9s diff]+ 9 l5g?s z irregul>ly z possible4 ,! key is s peculi>ly =m$1 t1 on ins]t+ x 9 ! key-hole1 x ?ru/s ! p9s radially outw>ds2 ea* p9 be+ pu%$ j s f> t ! jo9t ( ! p9 %all co9cide ) ! jo9t betwe5 ! two cyl9d]s4 ,! inn] cyl9d] c !n be turn$1 by :i* ! bolt is lock$ or unlock$4 ,if1 by ! use ( a false key1 any p9 be pu%$ 9 too f>1 x w be z ineffectual 9 op5+ ! lock z if x 7 n ?ru/ 9 f> en\gh2 & "s ( ^! locks hav+ be5 made ) z _m z =ty p9s1 ! *ances are v num]\s aga9/ ! "r comb9ation be+ hit ^u4 ,!re is a comb9ation ( some?+ l ! ,egyptian ) some?+ l ! ,bramah lock1 "h attempt$4 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal con/ructions adopt$ 9 ,am]ica a few ye>s back = bank-locks is t ( ,dr4 ,&rews ( ,p]? ,amboy1 9 ,new ,j]sey4 ,x 0 up to t "t 7#ahda7 believ$ t ! be/ locks1 bo? ( ,engl& & ,am]ica1 7 pro( aga9/ any attempts at pick+ d]iv$ f k obta9$ by inspection ?r\gh ! key-hole2 b !re /ill rema9$ ! dang] t ! sight ( ! true key1 or ! possession !re(1 = only a few m9utes1 w\ld enable a di%one/ p]son to produce a duplicate4 ,x 0 to cont5d aga9/ ?is difficulty t ,dr4 ,&rews direct$ 8 att5tion2 & he s\ght to obta9 ! desir$ object by con/ruct+ a lock1 ! int]ior me*anism ( :i* c\ld be *ang$ at pleasure4 ,! lock ( 8 inv5tion is furni%$ ) a s]ies ( tumbl]s & a detector4 ,! tumbl]s are susceptible ( be+ arrang$ 9 any desir$ ord]2 & ! key has movable bits :i* c be arrang$ s z to correspond ) ! tumbl]s4 ,:5 ! lock is fix$ 9 its place1 no *ange c be made 9 ! tumbl]s1 & consequ5tly only "o arrangem5t ( ! bits ( ! key w suit = ! %oot+ & )draw+ ( ! bolt4 ,! own] c1 h[ev]1 be=e ! fix+ ( ! bolt1 adopt any arrangem5t ( tumbl]s & bits :i* he may *oose4 ,b ?\gh ! tumbl]s _c be actually re-arrang$ 9 any new ord] )9 ! lock :ile ! latt] is fix$1 yet by an +5i\s contrivance ! tumbl]s c be s act$ ^u z to r5d] ! lock practically diff]5t f its =m] self4 ,! pur*as] receives ) 8 lock a s]ies ( small /eel r+s1 ea* r+ corresponds 9 ?ickness ) ! ?ickness ( "s "o ( ! bits ( ! key2 s t1 by suitable adju/m5t1 any "o ( ! bits may be remov$ f ! key1 & a r+ be sub/itut$ 9 its place4 ,! effect ( ?is sub/itution is1 t ! p>ticul> tumbl] :i* corresponds ) ! r+ is n rais$ by x2 x is drawn out ) ! bolt1 z if x 7 "p ( ! bolt itself4 ,suppos+ ! lock to be lock$ by ?is means1 ! orig9al key w\ld n n[ unlock x2 = "o ( ! tumbl]s has n[ be5 displac$1 & c only be re-adju/$ by ! same r+ :i* displac$ x4 ,if an attempt be made to op5 ! lock by ! orig9al key1 or by ! key 9 its orig9al adju/m5t1 a detector is set 9 action1 :i* indicates t a false key or o!r in/rum5t has be5 put into ! lock4 ,"o1 or m ?an "o1 ( ! bits may be remov$ f ! key1 & r+s be sub/itut$1 & consequ5tly "o or m ( ! tumbl]s may be di/urb$ 9 ?is peculi> way2 s t ! lock may *ange its "* 9 all ^? p]mutat+ v>ieties :i* are s obs]vable 9 mo/ 8safety-locks40 ,! %ape ( ! tumbl]s is1 ( c\rse1 su* z to facilitate ?is action2 !y h ea* an elongat$ slot1 & also two not*es2 :5 a tumbl] is rais$ by "o ( ! bits ( ! key1 "o ( ! not*es closes ar\nd a /ump fitt$ into ! case ( ! lock1 & prev5ts ! tumbl] f be+ mov$ onw>d ) ! bolt2 b :5 a r+ has be5 sub/itut$ = a bit on ! key1 ! tumbl] _c be rais$ at all2 x is c>ri$ onw>d by a /ump on ! bolt4 ,dr4 ,&rews is also ! inv5tor ( a lock :i* he t]ms ! snail-:eel lock4 ,9 ?is lock a s]ies ( revolv+ discs1 or :eels1 tak+ ! place ( ! tumbl]s1 are m\nt$ on a c5tral p91 on :i* ! pipe ( ! key is ins]t$4 ,ea* disc has a piece cut out ( x1 into :i* ! bit ( ! key ent]s1 & 9 turn+ r\nd moves ! discs accord+ to ! v>i\s l5g?s ( ! /eps on ! key4 ,on ! out] edge ( ea* disc is a not*1 & by ! turn+ ( ! key all ^! not*es are br\ght into a l9e1 s t a moveable tongue1 or toggle1 atta*$ to ! bolt1 falls into ! not*es2 ! key is !n turn$ ! rev]se way1 by :i* means ! bolt is project$4 ,ab\t ! "t :5 ,dr4 ,&rews inv5t$ 8 fir/ lock1 ,mr4 ,newell1 ( ! firm ( ,day & ,newell ( ,new ,york1 con/ruct$ a lock :i* possess$ ! same di/9ctive peculi>ity z t ( ,&rews1 viz4 t ! key might be alt]$ any numb] ( times )\t r5d]+ x necess>y to remove ! lock or *ange its int]nal me*anism4 ,?is 0 br\ght ab\t1 h[ev]1 9 a diff]5t mann]4 ,in/ead ( hav+1 z 9 ! ,&rews lock1 a two-fold movem5t to e tumbl]1 ,mr4 ,newell employ$ two sets ( tumbl]s1 ! "o set to receive motion f ! o!r1 & hav+ diff]5t (fices to fill1 to be act$ ^u by ! key 9 respect to ! fir/ s]ies1 & to act ^u ! bolt 9 respect to ! second4 ,call+ ^! two sets prim>y & second>y1 ! action ( ! lock may be briefly describ$ z foll[s4 ,a prim>y tumbl] be+ rais$ to ! prop] height by ! prop] bit 9 ! key1 raises ! correspond+ second>y tumbl]2 ! second>y tumbl] is held up 9 a giv5 position dur+ ! lock+1 :ile ! prim>y becomes press$ by a spr+ into its orig9al position4 ,x results f ?is arrangem5t t ! bolt _c be unlock$ until ! prim>y tumbl] has be5 rais$ to ! same height z be=e1 s z to receive ! tongue ( ! second>y tumbl]4 ,& z ?is is ! case 9 respect to any "o prim>y & its accompany+ second>y tumbl]s1 s is x ! case :e!r ea* set comprises f\r1 five1 or any o!r numb]4 ,! key may be alt]$ at pleasure1 & w 9 any =m equally well %oot ! bolt2 b ! lock c only be unfa/5$ by t arrangem5t ( key :i* fa/5$ x4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 desirable to trace ! c\rse ( improvem5ts m 9 detail1 because e successive *ange illu/rates "o or o!r ( ! sev]al prop]ties requir$ 9 a good lock4 ,messrs4 ,day & ,newell's lock 0 n f9ally br\ght to an effici5t =m )\t _m attempts m or less abortive4 ,mr4 ,newell conceiv$ ! idea ( apply+ a second s]ies ( tumbl]s1 s plac$ z to be act$ on by ! fir/ s]ies4 ,ea* ( ^! second>y tumbl]s _h an elongat$ slot1 su* t a screw c\ld pass ?r\gh all ( !m2 ! screw hav+ a clamp to ov]lap ! tumbl]s on ! inside ( ! lock4 ,! head ( ! screw re/$ 9 a small r\nd hole on ! back ( ! lock1 s plac$ z to =m a second>y key-hole1 to :i* a small key 0 fitt$4 ,!re 0 ?us a d\ble sy/em ( lock+1 effect$ 9 ! foll[+ way3 :5 ! l>ge key _h be5 appli$1 & _h begun to act on ! prim>y tumbl]s1 ! small key 0 us$ to op]ate on ! clamp-screw1 & ?us b9d all ( ! second>y tumbl]s toge!r1 ensur+ _! position at ! exact heights or di/ances to :i* ! prim>y key _h caus$ !m to be lift$4 ,! bolt 0 !n free to be %ot1 & ! fir/ s]ies ( tumbl]s rev]t$ to _! orig9al position4 ,b su* an arrangem5t has obvi\s inconv5i5ces4 ,few p]sons w\ld incur ! tr\ble ( us+ two keys2 & besides ?is1 !re 7 n want+ c]ta9 defects 9 ! action & reaction ( ! sev]al p>ts2 = if ! clamp-screw 7 to be left unreleas$1 ! fir/ s]ies ( tumbl]s w\ld be upheld by ! second s]ies 9 su* a way t ! exact impression ( ! l5g?s ( ! sev]al bits ( ! key c\ld be obta9$ ?r\gh ! key-hole :ile ! lock 0 unlock$ or ! bolt un%ot4 ,to rem$y "o or bo? ( ^! evils 0 ! next object ( ,mr4 ,newell's att5tion4 ,he made a s]ies ( not*es or tee? 9 ea* ( ! second>y tumbl]s1 correspond+ 9 mutual di/ance ) ! /eps or bits ( ! key2 & opposite ^! not*$ edges he plac$ a dog or lev]1 ) a project+ too? suitable to fall into ! not*es :5 adju/$ prop]ly 9 relation to ea* o!r4 ,:5 ! key 0 us$1 ! prim>y tumbl]s 7 rais$ 9 ! usual way1 & act$ on ! second>y tumbl]s2 ^! latt] 7 s ?r[n t ! dog-too? caught 9 ! not*es & held !m fa/1 !reby r5d]+ ! same s]vice z ! clamp-screw & ! small key 9 ! =m] arrangem5t4 ,no o!r relative position ( ! bits ( ! key c\ld n[ unlock ! lock4 ,/ill1 improvem5t z x 01 ?is *ange 0 n en\gh2 ,mr4 ,newell f\nd t 8 lock1 l all ! locks t _h prec$$ x1 0 capable ( be+ pick$ by a clev] practition]2 & c&idly admitt+ ! fact1 he s\ght to obta9 "s new means ( security4 ,he tri$ :at a s]ies ( complicat$ w>ds w\ld d1 9 aid ( ! =m] me*anism2 b ! result prov$ unsatisfactory4 ,8 next pr9ciple 0 to provide a numb] ( false not*es on ! abutt+ p>ts ( ! prim>y & second>y tumbl]s1 ) alt]ations 9 o!r p>ts ( ! app>atus4 ,! !ory n[ dep5d$ ^u 0 ?is1 t if ! bolt 7 subject$ to pressure1 ! tumbl]s w\ld be held fa/ by false not*es1 & c\ld n be rais$ by any lock-pick+ in/rum5t4 ,to increase ! security1 a /eel-curta9 0 s adju/$ z to cov]1 or at lea/ protect1 ! key-hole4 ,great anticipations 7 ent]ta9$ ( ?is lock1 b !y 7 de/9$ to be negativ$4 ,a clev] ,am]ican ma*9i/1 ,mr4 ,pettit1 accept$ ,messrs4 ,day & ,newell's *all5ge 7#ejj doll>s to any "o :o c\ld pick ?is lock72 he succe$$ 9 pick+ ! lock1 & ?us won ! prize4 ,once aga9 disappo9t$1 ,mr4 ,newell re-exam9$ ! :ole affair1 & s\ght = "s new pr9ciple ( security t _h n be=e occurr$ to him4 ,he _h f\nd t1 modify 8 lock h[ he might1 ! %>p-ey$ & neat-f+]$ me*anician c\ld /ill explore ! int]ior ( ! lock 9 su* a way z to f9d out ! relative positions ( ! tumbl]s1 & ?us adapt _! means to ! desir$ end4 ,h[1 !re=e1 to %ut out ?is exploration altoge!r became ! problem2 h[ to make a lock1 ! works ( :i* %\ld be p>autoptic--to co9 a ^w f ! ,greek1 :i* %\ld signify conceal$ f view4 ,! result ( 8 lab\rs 0 ! production ( ! ,am]ican bank-lock n[ kn[n by t "n4 ,! details ( ?is lock may n[ conv5i5tly be giv54 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #dj4 ,! ,am]ican ,p>autoptic lock2 bolt un%ot4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #da4 ,! same ) ! bolt %ot4 ,9 fig4 #dj ! lock is repres5t$ 9 its unlock$ /ate1 ) ! cov] or top-plate remov$2 ! auxili>y tumbl] & ! detector-plate are also remov$4 ,9 fig4 #da x is repres5t$ z lock$1 ) ! cov] & ! detector-plate also remov$1 & ! auxili>y tumbl] 9 its place4 ,9 ^! two figures1 ! same lett]s ( ref]5ce apply to ! same p>ts1 unless o!rwise /at$4 ,b ,b is ! bolt2 ,t are ! fir/ s]ies ( movable slides or tumbl]s2 s %ews ! tumbl]-spr+s2 ,t ! second>y s]ies ( tumbl]s2 & ,t ! ?ird or int]m$iate s]ies--^! latt] com+ betwe5 ! fir/ & second>y s]ies2 ,p ,p are ! sep>at+ plates betwe5 ! sev]al memb]s ( ! fir/ s]ies ( tumbl]s2 s are ! spr+s = lift+ ! int]m$iate tumbl]s4 ,on ea* ( ! second>y tumbl]s ,t is a s]ies ( not*es1 correspond+ 9 mutual di/ance ) ! diff]5ce 9 ! l5g?s ( ! movable bits ( ! key4 ,x !nce happ5s t1 :5 ! key is turn$ 9 ! lock to lock x1 ea* bit raises its prop] tumbl]1 s t "s "o ( ^! not*es %all pres5t itself 9 front ( ! too? t 9 ! dog or lev] ,l ,l4 ,:5 ! bolt ,b is project$ by ! action ( ! key1 x c>ries ) x ! second>y tumbl]s ,t1 & presses ! too? t into ! not*es2 9 s do+1 x )draws ! tongues d f betwe5 ! jaws j j ( ! int]m$iate tumbl]s ,t1 & all[s ! fir/ & int]m$iate tumbl]s to fall to _! orig9al position4 ,by ! same movem5t1 ! second>y tumbl]s ,t become held 9 ! position giv5 to !m by ! key1 by means ( ! too? t be+ press$ into ! sev]al not*es1 z %ewn 9 ! clos$ /ate ( ! lock 7fig4 #da74 ,n[ let u see :at results if any attempt be made to op5 ! lock ) any arrangem5t ( key b t by :i* x has be5 lock$4 ,9 su* case1 ! tongues d w abut aga9/ ! jaws j j1 prev5t+ ! bolt f be+ )drawn2 & %\ld an attempt be made to asc]ta9 :i* tumbl] b9ds & requires to be mov$1 ! int]m$iate tumbl] ,t 7:i* receives ! pressure71 be+ beh9d ! iron wall ,i ,i1 :i* is fix$ completely across ! lock1 prev5ts ! possibility ( its be+ rea*$ ?r\gh ! key-hole2 & ! fir/ tumbl]s ,t are q deta*$ at ! "t1 !reby mak+ x impossible to asc]ta9 ! position ( ! p>ts 9 ! inn] *amb] beh9d ! wall ,i ,i4 ,k is ! drill-p91 on :i* ! key fits2 & ,c is a revolv+ r+ or curta91 :i* turns r\nd ) ! key1 & prev5ts ! possibility ( inspect+ ! int]ior ( ! lock ?r\gh ! key-hole4 ,%\ld1 h[ev]1 ?is r+ be turn$ to br+ ! op5+ upw>ds1 a detector-plate ,d1 fig4 #db1 is imm$iately c>ri$ ov] ! key-hole by ! motion ( a p9 p ^u ! auxili>y tumbl] ,t1 :i* is lift$ by ! revolution ( ! r+ ,c1 !reby effectually clos+ ! key-hole4 ,z an additional protection1 ! bolt is held f be+ unlock$ by ! /ud or /ump ,s be>+ aga9/ ! detector-plate2 &1 moreov]1 ! lev] l l holds ! bolt1 :5 lock$1 until x is releas$ by ! tail ( ! detector-plate press+ ! p9 p2 l is a lev] :i* holds ! bolt on ! upp] side1 :5 lock$1 until x is lift$ by ! tumbl]s act+ on ! p9 p2 ,x are sep>at+-plates betwe5 ! int]m$iate tumbl]s ,t2 u u are ! /uds = pres]v+ ! p>allel motion ( ! diff]5t tumbl]s4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #db4 ,! detector plate ( ! ,p>autoptic lock4 ,fig4 #dc repres5ts ! key 9 two diff]5t =ms1 or ) ! bits diff]5tly arrang$4 ,ei!r =m w lock ! lock1 b ! o!r w n !n unlock x4 ,! end ( ! key is repres5t$ 9 fig4 #dd1 %ew+ ! screw :i* fixes ! bits 9 _! places4 ,! bits = a six-bitt$ key are %ewn sep>ately 9 fig4 #de4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #dc4 ,key ( ! ,p>autoptic lock4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #dd4 ,end view ( ! key4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #de4 ,sep>ate bits ( ! key4 ,9 #ahdg ! p>autoptic lock 0 exhibit$ at ,vi5na be=e ! ,national ,me*anics' ,in/itute ( ,l[] ,au/ria2 & t[>ds ! close ( ! ye> ,mr4 ,belmont1 consul-g5]al ( ,au/ria at ,new ,york1 plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ,messrs4 ,day & ,newell a lett]1 a diploma1 & a gold m$al1 =w>d$ by ! ,in/itute4 ,! lett] 0 f ! presid5t ( ! ,in/itute to ,mr4 ,newell1 & 0 c\*$ 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3 8,! ,in/itute ( ,l[] ,au/ria1 at its la/ mon?ly session1 has pass$ ! unanim\s resolution to aw>d to y its gold m$al1 z an ackn[l$gm5t ( ! uncommon sup]iority ( ! comb9ation-lock ( y\r inv5tion2 & ?is resolution 0 ratifi$ 9 its g5]al conv5tion held on ! #aj? in/ant4 8,:il/ ,i1 z presid5t ( ?is ,in/itute1 rejoice 9 see+ ! s]vices :i* by ?is inv5tion y h r5d]$ to ! locksmi?'s art ?us appreciat$ & recognis$1 ,i transmit to y1 enclos$1 ! said m$al1 toge!r ) ! docum5ts relat+ to x2 at ! same "t avail+ myself ( ?is opportunity to assure y ( my e/eem4 8,,collor$o ,,mannsfeld4 8,vi5na1 ,may #ca/1 #ahdg40 ,! diploma & ! m$al 7 simil> to o!r honor>y di/9ctions ( ! same class1 & ne$ n be describ$ "h2 b ! report ( ! special committee may be giv51 z x expresses ! op9ions ( ! ,vi5nese ma*9i/s on ! relative pr9ciples by :i* safety is s\ght to be obta9$ 9 diff]5t k9ds ( locks4 ,,report ,( a ,special ,committee on ! new ,p>autoptic ,p]mutation ,lock ( ! ,am]ican ,newell1 made kn[n to ! ,l[] ,au/rian ,in/itute by ! ,c\ncillor1 ,pr(essor ,reut]1 & on ! motions relat+ to x made by ! same & accept$ by ! ,in/itute4 ,pres5t$ at ! mon?ly meet+1 ,april #f?1 #ahdg1 by ,mr4 ,paul ,spr5g]1 ,aulic ,c\ncillor on ,public ,works1 c4 c4 ,,g5tlem53--,at our la/ mon?ly meet+1 ,mr4 ,reut]1 ,aulic ,c\ncillor & ,secret>y ( ! ,in/itute1 direct$ y\r att5tion to a newly inv5t$ lock ( ,mr4 ,newell1 ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 :i* 0 repres5t$ z excell+ all o!r *angeable comb9ation-locks hi!rto kn[n1 & z be+ )\t a rival4 ,! ,special ,committee :i* 0 intru/$ ) ! exam9ation ( ?is lock1 & ( ! motions made by ! said ,secret>y1 & accept$ by ! ,in/itute1 has conf]r$ on me ! hon\r ( mak+ y acqua9t$ ) ! results ( its inve/igations4 ,! att5tion ( y\r committee 0 *iefly occupi$ ) ! ?ree que/ions propos$ by ! said ,aulic ,c\ncillor 9 relation to ! lock 9 "q3 ,fir/3 ,:e!r ! idea ( ,mr4 ,newell 0 ( any practical value = already exi/+ & /ill-to-be-inv5t$ comb9ation-locks2 ,secondly3 ,:e!r ! idea 0 ( suffici5t importance to be publi%$ & m9utely describ$ 9 ! transactions ( ! said ,in/itute2 & ,?irdly3 ,:e!r ! m]its ( ! inv5tor 7 ( suffici5t importance to entitle him to a di/9ction f ! said ,in/itute4 ,! delib]ations on ! fir/ "q1 viz4 ! newness ( ! idea1 & ( its practical value1 w\ld ( necessity enli/ ! p>ticul> att5tion ( y\r committee1 especially s9ce by f> ! great] numb] ( its memb]s are by _! avocation call$ ^u to be int]e/$ 9 ! execution ( all k9ds ( locks4 ,x is !re=e ! unanim\s op9ion ( y\r committee1 t ! idea ( ! ,am]ican ,p>autoptic ,comb9ation-,lock is entirely new & )\t example4 ,! comb9ation-locks ) keys h1 ) few exceptions1 su* an arrangem5t t a det]m9ate numb] ( movable p>ts 7! s-call$ comb9ation-p>ts7 mu/ by ! turn+ ( ! key be rais$ or lift$ into a c]ta9 position1 if x is desir$ to project ! bolt1 or1 :at is ! same ?+1 to lock x out2 consequ5tly ^! p>ts1 or1 z !y are te*nically t]m$1 tumbl]s1 c\ld n be transpos$ or *ang$1 f ! circum/ance t ! key-bit 0 "o solid piece1 ) v>i\s /eps or not*es adapt$ to ! sev]al tumbl]s1 & "o impression f x de/roy$ ! security ( ! lock4 ,9 ord]1 h[ev]1 to add m security to su* a comb9ation-lock1 & to make ! key1 9 case x %\ld be lo/1 or any c\nt]feit made f a wax impression1 useless = an unlawful op5+ ( ! lock1 ano!r /ep 0 tak53 ! key-bit 0 made to consi/ ( sev]al bits or movable p>ts1 9 su* a mann] t ! own] ( ! lock 0 enabl$ to *ange ! bits1 & to =m1 z x 71 new keys diff]5t f ! =m]4 ,b s9ce ! bolt ( ! lock c only be project$ :il/ ! comb9ation p>ts or tumbl]s are 9 a c]ta9 position1 :i* position dep5ds ^u ! ord] ( ! bits 9 ! key1 x is evid5t t ! own]1 :5 *ang+ ! key1 mu/ at ! same "t make a correspond+ *ange 9 ! position ( ! tumbl]s 9 ! lock itself1 be=e ! lock c be ( any use = ! newly *ang$ %ape ( ! key1 :i* r5d]$ x tr\blesome1 & impracticable = ! purpose design$1 f ! fact t no positive *ange c\ld be made 9 ! lock1 )\t tak+ x f ! door1 & !n tak+ ! tumbl]s out ( ! case1 to *ange !m 9 a suitable =m = ! key4 ,?is pr9ciple ( *ang+ ! lock is r>ely adh]$ to1 z few m5 und]/& ! ma*9]y ( a lock suffici5tly to und]take ! task2 & ?is circum/ance r5d]$ ! lock q z insecure z ! =m] "o describ$4 ,ano!r /ep t[>d ! p]fection ( comb9ation-locks consi/$ 9 ?is1 t ! key rema9s unalt]$ :il/ ! comb9ation p>ts ( ! lock c1 be=e x is lock$1 be br\ght into diff]5t positions by means ( movable plates on ! frame ( ! lock4 ,^! plates 7 arrang$ by h& to c]ta9 figures1 & dep5d$ on ! memory = adju/m5t at ea* "t ! bolt 0 to be lock$ out or 91 ! key op]at+ only on ! bolt1 to move x back & =? :5 ! plates 7 set 9 prop] positions = ! purpose2 & %\ld ! own] =get ! arrangem5t ( ! plates1 aft] project+ ! bolt1 8 key is ( no use to him1 & he mu/ resort to ! skill ( ! locksmi? to ga9 access4 ,! same case may occur 9 ! f> less p]fect r+-lock ( ,reyni]1 :i* is op]at$ )\t keys1 & is op5$ by means ( ! r+s be+ turn$ 9 a p>ticul> position2 on ^! r+s are usually /amp$ lett]s1 :i*1 by introduc+ "s ^w readily sugge/$ to ! memory1 ?us po9t out ! relative position ( ! r+s4 ,b al?\gh 9 case ( ^! r+-locks ! own] is enabl$ to produce a *ange 9 ! r+s 9 su* a mann] t ! op5+ ( ! lock c1 z x 71 only become possible by rightly arrang+ ! alt]$ position ( ! lett]s1 /ill ?is lock ( ,reyni]'s does n possess t safety & p]fection :i* c\ld h insur$ x univ]sal application4 ,m4 ,crivelli1 =m]ly pr(essor at ,milan1 has giv5 a m9ute description ( ! imp]fection ( r+-locks g5]ally1 9 ! annals ( ! ,imp]ial ,royal ,polyte*nic ,in/itute4 ,x is ! unanim\s conviction ( y\r committee t ! ,am]ican ,lock ( ,newell surpasses1 9 ! +5uity display$ 9 its con/ruction1 all o!r locks h]et(ore kn[n1 & m especially 9 ?is1 t ! own] c1 ) ! greate/ facility1 *ange at pleasure ! int]ior arrangem5t ( 8 lock to a new & m complex "o1 at e mom5t ( 8 life1 simply by alt]+ ! arrangem5t ( ! bits 9 ! key1 & ?is is accompli%$ )\t remov+ ! lock or any "p ( x f its position on ! door4 ,its op]ation is z foll[s3--,at ! clos+ or lock+ ( ! lock1 :il/ ! bolt is project+1 ! movable comb9ation p>ts assume precisely ! position prescrib$ to !m by ! key1 accord+ to ! p>ticul> arrangem5t ( its bits at ! "t ! key is turn$4 ,! comb9ation p>ts d n consi/ 9 "o set ( tumbl]s only1 su* z are f\nd 9 all o!r locks1 b !re are ?ree di/9ct sets or compon5t p>ts fitt+ into ea* o!r4 ,:5 ! bolt is project$1 x dissolves ! mutual connexion ( ! con/itu5t pieces1 & c>ries along ) x su* z are design$ly atta*$ to x1 & :i* assume ! p>ticul> positions giv5 !m by ! key 9 its revolution4 ,^! p>ts are r5d]$ p]man5t 9 _! giv5 =m by means ( a lev] adapt$ = ! purpose1 :ile ! p>ts n unit$ ) ! bolt are press$ d[n by _! spr+s to _! orig9al places4 ,if n[ ! bolt is to be return$ aga91 i4 e4 if ! lock is to be unlock$1 !n ! con/itu5t pieces or tumbl]s :i* are 9 ! orig9al /ate mu/1 by means ( ! key1 be aga9 rais$ into t position 9 :i* !y 7 :5 ! lock 0 clos$1 z o!rwise ! con/itu5t p>ts atta*$ to ! bolt w\ld n lock 9 ) ! =m]1 & ! bolt c\ld n be return$4 ,no?+1 !re=e1 b ! precise key :i* _h lock$ ! lock c effect ! object4 ,?is idea 9 itself1 consid]$ by y\r committee1 is z +5i\s z x is new1 & is accompani$ by a p]fection 9 its execution :i* reflects ! highe/ hon\r on ,mr4 ,newell1 ! inv5tor & manufactur] ( ! lock4 ,! lock is built /rong & solid1 & ! sev]al p>ts are admirably adapt$ to ! functions :i* !y are design$ to p]=m4 ,! walls ( /eel or iron :i* sep>ate ! security p>ts f ! tumbl]s1 & ! cyl9d] :i* revolves ) ! key1 pres5t =midable b>ri]s to all descriptions ( pick-locks1 & r5d] ! lock a mo/ positive & reliable security4 ,! tumbl]s consi/ ( roll$ v smoo? /eel plates1 9 :i* ! fire-cru/ has n be5 fil$ away1 p>tly 9 ord] t ! lock might n ne$ oil+1 z all ^! p>ts are v smoo?1 & p>tly t ! comb9ation pieces might n easily ru/1 a ?+ to :i* ! adh]+ fire-cru/ is n fav\rable4 ,! spr+s1 :i* by ! turn+ ( ! key mu/ be rais$ toge!r ) ! tumbl]s1 are atta*$ to lev]s1 & press ^u ! latt] at _! c5tre ( gravity1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* all cr[d+ t[>ds ei!r side is prev5t$1 & ! key c be turn$ ) facility1 9 spite ( ! _m comb9ation p>ts :i* x has to raise2 & ! spr+s !mselves are by _! positions s little call$ into action1 t _! /r5g? c nev] be impair$ by use4 ,! lock has also ano!r v complete arrangem5t 9 ! detector-tumbl]1 :i* is atta*$ to ! cap or cov]+ ( ! lock4 ,?is tumbl]1 on turn+ ! key ei!r way1 closes ! key-hole1 & n only prev5ts ! use ( false in/rum5ts 9 ! lock1 b detects all attempts at mutilat+ its int]ior p>ts4 ,?is lock is especially useful = lock+ bank-vaults1 magaz9es1 c\nt+-h\ses1 & iron-safes1 9 :i* valuable effects1 money1 or goods are to be deposit$ = safe keep+4 ,:5 x is consid]$ t ! bits ( ! key belong+ to ?is lock c be transf]r$ into e possible =m )9 its limits1 & s9ce ! con/ruction ( ! lock admits ( e comb9ation ( ! slides result+ f ! *anges ( ! key1 !re=e ! lock 9 "q is1 9 e respect1 des]v+ ( ! appellation giv5 to x by ! ,secret>y ( ! ,in/itute1 namely1 ! ,univ]sal ,comb9ation ,lock2 & ju/ly s1 :5 we consid] t ! t5 bits atta*$ to ! key admit ( ?ree millions ( p]mutations1 & upw>d2 consequ5tly =m+ t numb] ( diff]5t k9ds ( keys & locks4 ,if we consid] fur!r1 t we ne$ n be limit$ to ! giv5 bit1 b t o!rs c be appli$1 diff]+ 9 _! dim5sions f ! =m]2 & aga91 if we consid] t f e sy/em aris+ f a diff]5ce 9 _! relative dim5sions1 a l>ge numb] ( new keys diff]+ f ea* o!r w result1 & t ?is c be effect$ 9 a space sc>cely occupy+ a squ>e in*1--!n we _c refra9 f confess+ t ! human m9d1 )9 ?is small space1 has %ewn itself to be inf9itely great4 ,aft] ?is prelim9>y & g5]al exposition1 y\r committee c answ] ! ?ree que/ions prop\nd$ to !m ! m briefly1 z ! locks h]et(ore kn[n h all be5 notic$4 ,to "q fir/4--,on ! practical value ( ! inv5tion ( ,mr4 ,newell1 y\r committee 7 unanim\s & positive t ! pr9ciple on :i* x is bas$ %\ld be pres]v$4 ,to "q second4--,= ?is reason ! committee deem$ x desirable t a draw+ & description ( ! ,am]ican lock 9 "q %\ld be publi%$ 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,in/itute ( ,l[] ,au/ria4 ,to "q ?ird4--,) reg>d to ! claims ( ! inv5tor1 ,mr4 ,newell1 to an honor>y di/9ction f ! ,in/itute ( ,l[] ,au/ria1 ! committee recomm5d t he be pres5t$ ) a ,diploma ( hon\rable m5tion & a ,gold ,m$al4 ,! memb]s ( y\r committee1 consi/+ mo/ly ( fell[-tradesm5 ( ,mr4 ,newell1 exp]i5ce great satisfaction 9 ! fact t x has fall5 to _! lot to vote to _! colleague on ! o!r side ( ! ocean an ackn[l$gm5t ( 8 successful +5uity1 & !y close ! ,report ) ! reque/ t ! ,in/itute w transmit to ,mr4 ,newell ( ,new ,york1 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 ! ,diploma & ,gold ,m$al1 toge!r ) a copy ( ?is ,report1 accord+ to ! motion ( ! ,aulic ,c\ncillor & ,pr(essor ,reut]4 ,an exact copy ( ! orig9al ,report z pres]v$ 9 ! ar*ives ( ! ,national ,me*anics' ,in/itute ( ,l[] ,au/ria4 ,,dr4 ,,s*w>tz1 ,assi/ant ,secret>y ( ! ,in/itute4 ,!re are o!r circum/ances connect$ ) ! ,am]ican bank-lock1 9 relation to ev5ts bo? 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & 9 ,engl&1 to :i* att5tion w be direct$ 9 a subsequ5t *apt]4 ,! ,engli% pat5t = ,messrs4 ,day & ,newell's lock1 dat$ ,april #ae1 #ahea1 runs z foll[s3 8,! object ( ! pres5t improvem5ts is ! con/ruct+ ( locks 9 su* mann] t ! int]ior arrangem5ts1 or ! comb9ation ( ! int]nal movable p>ts1 may be *ang$ at pleasure accord+ to ! =m giv5 to1 or *ange made 91 ! key1 )\t ! necessity ( arrang+ ! movable p>ts ( ! lock by h&1 or remov+ ! lock or any "p !re( f ! door4 ,9 locks con/ruct$ on ?is plan ! key may be alt]$ at pleasure2 & ! act ( lock+1 or ?r[+ out ! bolt ( ! lock1 produces ! p>ticul> arrangem5t ( ! int]nal p>ts :i* corresponds to t ( ! key = ! "t be+4 ,:ile ! same is lock$1 ?is =m is reta9$ until ! lock is unlock$ or ! bolt )drawn1 ^u :i* ! int]nal movable p>ts return to _! orig9al position ) ref]5ce to ea* o!r2 b ^! p>ts _c be made to assume or be br\ght back to _! orig9al position1 except by a key ( ! precise =m & dim5sions z ! key by :i* !y 7 made to assume su* arrangem5t 9 ! act ( lock+4 ,! key is *angeable at pleasure1 & ! lock receives a special =m 9 ! act ( lock+ accord+ to ! key employ$1 & reta9s t =m until 9 ! act ( unlock+ by ! same key x resumes its orig9al or unlock$ /ate4 ,! lock is aga9 *angeable at pleasure1 simply by alt]+ ! arrangem5t ( ! movable bits ( ! key2 & ! key may be *ang$ to any "o ( ! =ms )9 ! numb] ( p]mutations ( :i* ! p>ts are susceptible40 ,! 8claims0 put =? "u ?is pat5t are ! foll[+3-- 8#a4 ,! con/ruct+1 by means ( a fir/ & second>y s]ies ( slides or tumbl]s1 ( a *angeable lock1 9 :i* ! p>ticul> =m or arrangem5t ( p>ts ( ! lock1 imp>t$ by ! key to ! fir/ & second>y s]ies ( slides or tumbl]s1 is reta9$ by a cramp-plate4 8#b4 ,! con/ruct+1 by means ( a fir/ & second>y s]ies ( slides or tumbl]s1 ( a *angeable lock1 9 :i* ! peculi> =m or arrangem5t ( p>ts ( ! lock1 imp>t$ by ! key1 is reta9$ by means ( a too? or tee?1 & not*es on ! second>y s]ies ( slides or tumbl]s4 8#c4 ,! application to locks ( a ?ird or int]m$iate s]ies ( slides or tumbl]s4 8#d4 ,! application ( a dog ) a p9 ov]-lapp+ ! slide or tumbl]s1 = ! purpose ( hold+-9 ! bolt :5 ! lock is lock$ or unlock$4 8#e4 ,! application ( a dog op]at$ on by ! cap or detector-tumbl] = hold+ ! bolt4 8#f4 ,! application ( a dog = ! purpose ( hold+ ! int]nal slide or tumbl]4 8#g4 ,! application to locks ( curta9s or r+s1 turn+ & work+ ecc5trically to ! motion ( ! key1 = prev5t+ access to ! int]nal p>ts ( ! lock4 8#h4 ,! application to locks ( a safety-plug or yield+-plate1 at ! back ( ! *amb] =m$ by su* ecc5tric revolv+ curta9 or r+4 8#i4 ,! application to locks ( a /rong metallic wall or plate1 = ! purpose ( sep>at+ ! safety & o!r p>ts ( ! lock f ea* o!r1 & prev5t+ access to su* p>ts by means ( ! key-hole4 8#aj4 ,! application to locks ( a cap or detective tumbl]1 = ! purpose ( clos+ ! key-hole z ! key is turn$4 8#aa4 ,! con/ruct+ a key by a comb9ation ( bits or movable pieces1 ) tongues fitt$ into a groove & held by a screw4 8#ab4 ,! con/ruct+ a key hav+ a groove 9 its %ank to receive ! detector tumbl]40 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #df4 ,movable /ump4 ,:5 ! ,am]ican locks became kn[n 9 ,engl&1 ,mr4 ,hobbs und]took ! sup]9t5d5ce ( _! manufacture1 & _! introduction into ! comm]cial _w4 ,su* a lock z t j describ$ mu/ necess>ily be a complex piece ( me*anism2 x is int5d$ = use 9 ! doors ( receptacles conta9+ prop]ty ( great value2 & ! aim has be5 to baffle all ! me?ods at pres5t kn[n ( pick+ locks1 by a comb9ation ( me*anism necess>ily elaborate4 ,su* a lock mu/ ( necessity be co/ly2 b 9 ord] to supply ! dem& = a small lock at mod]ate price1 ,mr4 ,hobbs has introduc$ :at he calls a protector lock4 ,?is is a modification ( ! ord9>y six-tumbl] lock4 ,x be>s an aff9ity to ! lock ( ,messrs4 ,day & ,newell1 inasmu* z x is an attempt to introduce ! same pr9ciple ( security aga9/ pick+1 :ile avoid+ ! complexity ( ! *angeable lock4 ,! di/9ction :i* ,mr4 ,hobbs has made betwe5 secure & insecure locks w be und]/ood f ! foll[+ proposition1 viz4 8t :5ev] ! p>ts ( a lock :i* come 9 contact ) ! key are s affect$ by any pressure appli$ to ! bolt1 or to t portion ( ! lock by :i* ! bolt is )drawn1 z to indicate ! po9ts ( resi/ance to ! )drawal ( ! bolt1 su* a lock c be pick$40 ,fig4 #dg exhibits ! int]nal me*anism ( ?is new pat5t lock4 ,x conta9s ! usual contrivances ( tumbl]s & spr+s1 ) a key cut into /eps to suit ! diff]5t heights to :i* ! tumbl]s mu/ be rais$4 ,! key is %ewn sep>ately 9 fig4 #dh4 ,b !re is a small additional piece ( me*anism1 9 :i* ! tumbl] /ump %ewn at s 9 figs4 #df & #dg is atta*$2 :i* piece is int5d$ to "w "u or beh9d ! bolt ( ! lock4 ,9 fig4 #dg1 b is ! bolt2 t t is ! front or =emo/ ( ! range ( six tumbl]s1 ea* ( :i* has ! usual slot & not*es4 ,9 o!r tumbl]-locks ! /ump or /ud :i* moves along ^! slots is rivet$ to ! bolt1 9 su* mann] t1 if any pressure be appli$ 9 an attempt to )draw ! bolt1 ! /ump becomes press$ aga9/ ! edges ( ! tumbl]s1 & bites or b9ds aga9/ !m4 ,h[ f> _! bit+ facilitates ! pick+ ( a lock w be %ewn fur!r on2 b x w suffice "h to say1 t ! movable action giv5 to ! /ump 9 ! ,hobbs lock transf]s ! pressure to ano!r qu>t]4 ,! /ump s is rivet$ to a peculi>ly-%ap$ piece ( metal h h 7fig4 #df71 ! hole 9 ! c5tre ( :i* fits ^u a c5tre or p9 9 a recess =m$ at ! back ( ! bolt2 ! piece moves easily on its c5tre1 b is prev5t$ f s do+ spontane\sly by a small b9d+ spr+4 ,! mode 9 :i* ?is small movable piece takes "p 9 ! action ( ! lock is z foll[s3 :5 ! prop] key is appli$ 9 ! usual way1 ! tumbl]s are all rais$ to ! prop] heights = all[+ ! /ump to pass horizontally ?r\gh ! gat+2 b %\ld !re be an attempt made1 ei!r by a false key or by any o!r in/rum5t1 to )draw ! bolt be=e ! tumbl]s are prop]ly rais$1 ! /ump becomes an ob/acle4 ,meet+ ) an ob/ruction to its passage1 ! /ump turns ! piece to :i* x is atta*$ on its c5tre1 & moves ! arm ( ! piece p s t x %all come into contact ) a /ud rivet$ into ! case ( ! lock2 & 9 ?is position !re is a firm resi/ance aga9/ ! )drawal ( ! bolt4 ,! tumbl]s are at ! same mom5t releas$ f ! pressure ( ! /ump4 ,!re is a dog or lev] d1 :i* cat*es into ! top ( ! bolt1 & !reby s]ves z an additional security aga9/ its be+ =c$ back4 ,at k is ! drill-p9 on :i* ! pipe ( ! key works2 & r is a metal piece on :i* ! tumbl]s re/ :5 ! key is n op]at+ ^u !m4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #dg4 ,hobbs's ,protector ,lock4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #dh4 ,! key4 ,ano!r lock1 pat5t$ by ,mr4 ,hobbs 9 #aheb1 has = its object ! absolute clos+ ( ! key-hole dur+ ! process ( lock+4 ,! key does n "w or turn on its own c5tre1 b occupies a small cell or *amb] 9 a revolv+ cyl9d]1 :i* is turn$ by a fix$ h&le4 ,! bit ( ! movable key is entirely sep>able f ! %aft or /em1 into :i* x is screw$1 & may be deta*$ by turn+ r\nd a small mill$ head$ ?umb-screw4 ,! key is plac$ 9 ! key-hole 9 ! usual way1 b x _c turn2 its circul> movem5t r\nd ! /em z an axis is prev5t$ by ! int]nal me*anism ( ! lock2 x is left 9 ! key-hole1 & ! /em is deta*$ f x by unscrew+4 ,by turn+ ! h&le1 ! key-bit1 :i* is left 9 ! *amb] ( ! cyl9d]1 is br\ght into contact ) ! works ( ! lock1 s z to %oot & )draw ! bolt4 ,?is revolution may take place :e!r ! bit ( ! movable key occupy its little cell 9 ! plate or n2 only ) ?is diff]5ce--t if ! bit be n 9 ! lock1 ! plate revolves )\t act+ ^u any ( ! tumbl]s2 b if ! bit be 9 its place1 x raises ! tumbl]s 9 ! prop] way = %oot+ or )draw+ ! bolt4 ,x w be und]/ood t !re is only "o key-hole1 namely1 t ?r\gh :i* ! divisible key is ins]t$2 ! o!r h&le or fix$ key work+ ?r\gh a hole 9 ! cov] ( ! lock only j l>ge en\gh to receive x1 & n be+ removable f ! lock4 ,z soon z ! plate turns r\nd s f> z to enable ! key-bit to act ^u ! tumbl]s1 ! key-hole becomes entirely clos$ by ! plate itself1 s t ! actual lock+ is effect$ at ! v "t :5 all access to ! int]ior ?r\gh ! key-hole is cut (f4 ,:5 ! bolt has be5 %ot1 ! plate comes r\nd to its orig9al position1 x uncov]s ! key-hole1 & exhibits ! key-bit occupy+ ! little cell into :i* x _h be5 dropp$2 ! /em is !n to be screw$ into ! bit1 & ! latt] )drawn4 ,x is "o consequ5ce ( ?is arrangem5t1 t ! key has to be screw$ & unscrew$ :5 us$2 b ?r\gh ?is arrangem5t ! key-hole becomes a seal$ book to "o :o has n ! "r key4 ,no?+ c be mov$1 provid$ ! bit & /em ( ! key be bo? left 92 b by leav+ 9 ! lock ! =m] )\t ! latt]1 ! plate c rotate1 ! tumbl]s c be lift$1 & ! bolt c be %ot4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,! ,,lock ,,controv]sy3 ,,previ\s ,,to ,,! ,,date ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,exhibition4 ,x mu/ be evid5t1 ev5 on a cursory glance at ! pa/ hi/ory ( ! lock-manufacture1 t ! prime motive = ! introduction ( novelties & improvem5ts 9 con/ruction is ! desirability ( produc+ a lock :i* no "o c op5 )\t ! prop] key4 ,f ! e>lie/ & simple/ lock1 d[n to ! late/ & mo/ complex1 ?is object has be5 con/antly held 9 view2 & e cle> pro( or evid5ce t ?is object has n be5 atta9$ has l$ to ! inv5tion ( "s new contrivance4 ,x has be5 a succession ( /ruggles--to atta9 security--to %ew t ?is security has n be5 atta9$--to make a fur!r & m +5i\s attempt--to detect ! weak po9t 9 ?is r5ew$ attempt--& s on4 ,we ne$ n repeat "h1 :at 0 /at$ 9 an e>ly *apt]1 t b5efit mu/ ultimately result f a c&id discussion ( ?is "q4 ,:5 ,m4 ,raumur propos$ to expla9 h[ ! locks ( 8 day c\ld be pick$ or op5$ )\t ! true key1 8 object 0 to %ew to p]sons :o 7 n locksmi?s h[ f> !y c\ld dep5d ^u ! pr9ciple ( security (f]$ by locks4 ,b be=e proce$+ on 8 inquiry1 ! illu/ri\s naturali/ asks1 8,ne cra9dra-t-on pas que n\s ne donnions en mme tems des leons aux voleurs80 ,& he replies1 8,il n'y a pas gr&e app>5ce qu'ils vi5n5t les *]*] ici1 et qu'ils en ai5t beso92 ils sont plus gr&s matres que n\s dans l'art d'ouvrir les portes4 ,appr5ons donc l'art d'ouvrir les portes f]mes1 af9 d'appr5dre celui de les f]m] d'une manire qui ne laisse ri5 ou qui laisse peu cra9dre40#e #e 8,b is !re n ?is dang]1 t at ! same "t we %all be giv+ lessons to ! ?ieves8 ,x is n v probable t !y w seek in/ruction ( u1 or t !y h any ne$ ( x2 !y are great] ma/]s 9 ! art ( op5+ doors ?an we c pret5d to be4 ,let u !n le>n ! art ( op5+ lock$ doors1 9 ord] t we may acquire t ( secur+ !m 9 su* a way z to leave little or no?+ to be fe>$ on acc\nt ( _! security40 ,be=e treat+ ( lock controv]sies & lock violability 9 ,engl&1 x w be desirable fir/ to ref] to ,am]ica1 :]e ?is subject attract$ mu* att5tion "s ye>s e>li] ?an ! ,great ,exhibition--an ,exhibition :i* w always be associat$ 9 a rem>kable mann] ) ! hi/ory ( locks4 ,soon aft] ! inv5tions by ,dr4 ,&rews & ,mr4 ,newell1 9 #ahda 7describ$ 9 a =m] *apt]71 ! rivalry betwe5 ! two locks ran high2 ea* lock be+ #8unpickable1' accord+ to ! e/imate ( its inv5tor4 ,mr4 ,newell ?\ght ! be/ mode ( %ew+ ! sup]iority ( 8 own lock w\ld be by pick+ t ( 8 competitor2 & aft] sev]al trials1 he succe$$ 9 br++ into practical application t sy/em ( pick+ :i* we may designate ! me*anical1 z contra-di/+ui%$ f ! ari?metical4 ,mr4 ,newell n only pick$ ,dr4 ,&rews' lock1 b he w\nd up ! ent]prise by pick+ 8 own6 ,he 0 probably ! fir/ p]son :o hone/ly confess$ to hav+ pick$ 8 own unpickable lock4 ,?is discov]y l$ ,mr4 ,newell1 z has be5 notic$ 9 a =m] page1 to ! inv5tion ( ! triple-action or p>autoptic lock4 ,! me*anical pr9ciple1 z appli$ to ! pick+ ( a tumbl] lock1 is ne>ly ! same :atev] =m ( con/ruction be made ! m$ium ( exp]im5t4 ,:5 a pressure is appli$ to ! bolt suffici5t to unlock x if ! tumbl]-ob/ructions 7 remov$1 ! edges ( ! tumbl] bite or b9d aga9/ ! /ump ( ! bolt1 s z n to move up & d[n ) su* facility z "u ord9>y circum/ances4 ,by c>efully try+ ) a small in/rum5t ea* tumbl]1 & mov+ x until ! bite ceases1 ! gat+ ( t p>ticul> tumbl] may be br\ght to ! exact position = all[+ ! /ump ( ! bolt to pass ?r\gh x4 7,see page #aah47 ,?is violability is obs]vable 9 ! tumbl]-locks "u v v>i$ =ms ( con/ruction4 ,mr4 ,newell1 aft] he _h pick$ 8 own lock1 devis$ a s]ies ( complicat$ w>ds1 to add to ! difficulty ( rea*+ ! tumbl]s2 b he c\ld n !reby get rid ( ! importance ( ?is fact1 t :]ev] a key c g1 in/rum5ts ( a suitable size & =m c\ld foll[3 8 w>ds did n r5d] 8 lock inviolable4 ,8 next contrivance 0 to not* ! abutt+ p>ts ( ! prim>y & second>y tumbl]s1 or ! face ( ! /ump & ! ends ( ! tumbl]s2 b ?is fail$ also4 ,mr4 ,h4 ,c4 ,jones1 ( ,new>k1 ,n4 ,j41 add$ to all ?is a revolv+ pipe & curta91 to close z mu* ( ! key-hole z possible4 ,b s f> 7 all ^! precautions f be+ successful1 t a lock provid$ ) all ^! app5dages1 & affix$ to ! door ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,treasury at ,wa%+ton1 0 pick$4 ,! mak]s ( locks h1 ea* "o = himself1 cont5d$ aga9/ su* difficulties z 7 kn[n to !m at ! "t ( inv5t+ _! locks2 &1 mortify+ z failure may be1 x w\ld be c[>dly to yield up ! ent]prise :5ev] any new difficulty pres5t$ itself4 ,difficulties1 9 locks z 9 o!r matt]s1 are made to be conqu]$4 ,to %ew h[ num]\s are ! s\rces ( insecurity :i* h to be gu>d$ aga9/1 to meet ! skill (t5 br\ght to be> ^u ?is lock1 we may adduce ! reasons :i* l$ ,mr4 ,newell to apply a curta9 to ! key-hole ( 8 lock4 ,suppos+ ! int]ior arrangem5t ( ! triple set ( tumbl]s1 & ! metallic %ield+ wall1 to be p]fect1 /ill1 if ! fir/ set ( tumbl]s c be se5 ?r\gh ! key-hole1 ! foll[+ plan may be put 9 op]ation4 ,! "u-side ( ! tumbl]s may be smok$1 by ins]t+ a flame ?r\gh ! key-hole2 & ! key w !n leave a di/9ct m>k ^u ea* tumbl] ! next "t x is us$1 %ew+ :]e x began to t\* ea* tumbl] 9 lift+ x4 ,?is may be se5 by ins]t+ a small mirror h+$ into ! lock ?r\gh ! key-hole4 ,!re may ev5 be an electric light us$ f a small portable batt]y1 to illum9e ! int]ior ( ! lock4 ,by ^! & o!r means ! exact l5g? ( ea* bit ( ! key may be det]m9$2 & f ^! data a false key may be made4 ,x is to prev5t ?is inspection ( ! works1 or any o!r exam9ation ( an analog\s k9d1 t ! revolv+ curta9 0 appli$2 b1 z /at$ 9 ! la/ p>agraph1 ev5 ?is did n suffice3 +5uity devis$ a mode ( baffl+ ! contrivance ( curta9s z well z t ( ! w>ds & false not*es 9 ! tumbl]s4 ,:5 ! p>autoptic lock 0 complet$1 x 0 ke5ly criticis$ 9 ,am]ica1 ow+ to ! long discussions respect+ ! m]its ( previ\s locks4 ,9 a matt] ( ?is k9d1 :]e a comm]cial motive w\ld lead bank]s & companies to apply a v sev]e te/ to ! security ( locks & simil> fa/5+s to /rong-rooms & receptacles1 any exp]im5ts made ) _! sanction became important4 ,m]e lett]s or c]tificates emanat+ f individuals1 expressive ( op9ions conc]n+ a p>ticul> lock1 w\ld be out ( place 9 a volume relat+ to locks g5]ally2 b x is q )9 ! limits ( ! subject1 & has inde$ become "p ( ! hi/ory ( locks1 to notice exp]im5ts & attempts ( a m public "*4 ,we may !re=e introduce a few p>agraphs ( ?is description1 relat+ to ! c>e] ( ! ,am]ican lock 9 ,am]ica itself4 ,! pr9cipal bank]s at ,bo/on 7,u4,s47 held a meet+ to take into consid]ation measures = te/+ ! security ( bank locks4 ,consequ5t on ?is meet+1 ,messrs4 ,day & ,newell deposit$ five hundr$ doll>s ) ! ca%i] ( ! ,/ate ,bank at ,bo/on1 to be by him paid to any "o :o c\ld pick ! p>autoptic lock3 ! trial 0 to be conduct$ "u ! auspices ( ! bank4 ,"o ( ! locks 0 br\ght to ! bank1 & 0 m9utely exam9$ by two ma*9i/s on two aft]noons1 aft] :i* x 0 secur$ to an iron *e/1 & lock$ by a committee appo9t$ by ! bank4 ,! key 0 to rema9 9 ! h&s ( ! committee dur+ ! trial2 & x 0 to be us$ at _! discretion1 9 unlock+ & lock+ ! door1 )\t ! k ( ei!r ( ! o!r p>ties--provid$ t 9 s do+ no alt]ation 0 made 9 ! comb9ation-p>ts ( ! key4 ,t5 days 7 all[$ to ! op]ators = ! exam9ation & ! trial2 if !y succe$$ !y 7 to h five hundr$ doll>s2 b if !y injur$ ! lock !y agre$ to =feit two hundr$1 z a pur*ase price4 ,at ! end ( ! p]iod ! lock rema9$ unop5$ & un9jur$2 & ! two deposit$ sums 7 accord+ly return$ to ! respective p>ties4 ,messrs4 ,page & ,bacon1 ( ,/4 ,l\is1 _h a /rong-room lock made by "o ( ! *ief locksmi?s ( t city4 ,to te/ its security1 ! proprietors reque/$ ,mr4 ,hobbs to attempt to pick x2 he did s1 & succe$$4 ,:]eupon ! proprietors1 hav+ pur*as$ "o ( ! p>autoptic locks1 deem$ x no m ?an fair play to subject ?is lock to a simil> ordeal1 an additional ze/ be+ giv5 by a rew>d ( five hundr$ doll>s (f]$ by ,day & ,newell to ! successful pick]4 ,! mak] ( ! =m] lock accept$ ! *all5ge2 he 0 all[$ to exam9e ! new lock piecemeal1 & 0 !n all[$ ?irty days = 8 op]ations 9 pick+4 ,he fail$ 9 ! ent]prise4 ,( c\rse1 9 ?is1 z 9 all simil> cases1 ! op]ator _h n access to ! true key4 ,x foll[s f ! nature ( ?is lock1 z notic$ 9 a =m] *apt]1 t :5 ! bolt has be5 %ot1 if ! bits ( ! key be re-arrang$ 9 any o!r =m1 ! lock becomes to all int5ts & purposes a new lock1 s f> z t key is conc]n$1 & _c be unlock$ unless ! key rev]t to its orig9al arrangem5t4 ,to te/ ?is pr9ciple1 a box ) a p>autoptic lock 0 plac$ 9 ! room ( ! ,am]ican ,in/itute 9 #ahde2 x 0 lock$2 ! bits ( ! key 7#ab 9 numb]7 7 !n re-arrang$1 & ! key 0 plac$ 9 ! h&s ( any "o :o *ose to try to op5 ! lock--) ! (f] ( a rew>d ( five hundr$ doll>s 9 ! ev5t ( ! lock be+ op5$4 ,"h1 in/ead ( ! op]ator be+ call$ ^u to devise new pick-lock implem5ts1 he _h ! actual key plac$ 9 8 h&s1 modifi$ h[ev] 9 su* a way t1 ?\gh ! modifi] c\ld re/ore ! orig9al arrangem5t 7provid$ he _h kept "s k9d ( record71 ! op]ator _h num]\s *ances aga9/ 8 success4 ,! lock rema9$ unop5$ not)/&+ ?is *all5ge4 ,we %all h occasion to %ew pres5tly1 t if ! numb] ( tumbl]s 7& consequ5tly ! numb] ( bits 9 ! key7 be small--n exce$+ six1 = in/ance--! possession ( ! true key gives any "o ! p[] ( op5+ ! lock1 provid$ he has "t & pati5ce to g ?r\gh a few hundr$ *anges ( ! bits ( ! key2 =1 z "s "o arrangem5t mu/ h be5 t by :i* ! lock 0 lock$1 x mu/ aga9 occur if ! us] takes c>e to make all ! arrangem5ts 9 turn1 & tries ! lock aft] ea*4 ,:e!r ?is con/itutes pick+ a lock1 ea* lock-own] w decide = himself4 ,all t x is at pres5t meant to /ate is1 t )\t access to ! true key1 ! p>autoptic lock has n hi!rto be5 op5$2 & t ) ! true b alt]$ key ! process ( op5+ is possible1 b is sl[ & t$i\s4 ,9 #ahdf ! ,am]ican ,in/itute appo9t$ a committee to exam9e into ! m]its ( ! p>autoptic lock4 ,on ! #ah? ( ,septemb] 9 t ye> ! ,committee made _! report1 sign$ by ,pr(essor ,r5wick & ,mr4 ,t4 ,w4 ,h>vey1 z foll[s3-- 8,! ,committee ( ! ,am]ican ,in/itute1 to :om 0 ref]r$ ! exam9ation ( ,,newell',s ,,p>autoptic ,,bank ,,lock1 report t !y h giv5 ! subject ref]r$ to !m a c>eful & att5tive exam9ation1 & h receiv$ full & complete explanations f ! inv5tor4 ,!y h rem>k$ 9 ! lock a numb] ( important advantages1 &1 9 p>ticul>1 v great improvem5ts ^u ! p]mutation-lock =m]ly submitt$ by him to ! ,am]ican ,in/itute4 ,?us1 :ile x reta9s ! advantages ( ! p]mutation pr9ciple1 comb9$ ) ! prop]ty t ! act ( lock+ sets ! slides to ! p>ticul> arrangem5t ( ! bits 9 ! skeleton key1 ! p>ts ?us set are completely scre5$ f obs]vation1 f be+ rea*$ by false in/rum5ts1 or f be+ injur$ by any viol5ce n suffici5t to break ! lock to pieces4 8,hav+ 9 ! c\rse ( _! inquiries exam9$ ! diff]5t exi/+ modes 9 :i* locks may be pick$1 =c$1 or op5$ by false keys1 ! ,committee h come to ! conclusion t ! p>autoptic lock _c be op5$ by any ( ! me?ods n[ practis$1 unless by a p]son 9 possession ( ! key by :i* x 0 lock$1 9 ! exact =m ( comb9ation 9 :i* x 0 us$ = ! purpose1 or 9 ! almo/ impossible case ( ! bits be+ adju/$ to ! skeleton key by accid5t 9 t v =m4 ,z ! *ances ( su* accid5tal comb9ation range accord+ to ! numb] ( movable bits1 f sev]al ?\s&s to sev]al millions to "o1 ! ,committee d n conceive t s small a *ance ( success w\ld ev] lead to an attempt to pr(it by x4 8,9 conclusion1 ! ,committee feel w>rant$ 9 express+ ! op9ion1 t unless me?ods hi!rto unkn[n or imag9$ %\ld be contriv$ = ! specific object1 ! lock 9 "q may be consid]$ z af=d+ entire & absolute security40 ,! late/ =m :i* ,messrs4 ,day & ,newell h giv5 to _! *all5ge1 aft] ! exp]i5ce ( ! la/ few ye>s1 is ! foll[+3 8,fir/1 a ,committee ( five g5tlem5 %all be appo9t$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 viz4 two by ! p>ties propos+ to op]ate1 & two by ourselves2 & by ! f\r ?us appo9t$ a fif? %all be select$4 8,9 ! h&s ( ?is ,committee %all be plac$ ,two ,?\s& ,doll>s1 z a rew>d to ! op]ator if successful 9 pick+ ! lock by fair means4 8,we w place ^u ! inside ( an iron door "o ( our be/ bank locks4 ,! op]ator %all !n h ! privilege ( tak+ ! lock f ! door1 & h x 9 8 possession = exam9ation2 x %all !n be return$ to ! ,committee = our inspection1 s t we may be assur$ t x has n be5 mutilat$ or injur$4 ,! op]ator %all !n1 9 ! pres5ce ( ourselves & ! ,committee1 place ! lock ^u ! door 9 its orig9al position2 aft] :i* ! ,committee %all place ^u x _! seals1 s t x _c be remov$ or alt]$ )\t _! k4 ,! lock be+ ?us secur$ to ! door1 we %all !n be all[$ to lock x up ourselves1 ^u any *ange ( :i* x is susceptible4 8,! "t = op]ation to cont9ue ?irty days2 & if at ! end ( t "t he %all consid] t he has made any progress t[>ds pick+ ! said lock1 he %all h ?irty days m 9 :i* to cont9ue op]ations40 ,! ,au/rian report conc]n+ ! ,am]ican lock 0 giv5 9 a =m] page1 to :i* we may "h ref]2 & !n direct att5tion to ,engl&1 & to ! discussions :i* h lately be5 c>ri$ on respect+ ! safety ( locks4 ,x is ( c\rse natural t ea* inv5tor ( a new lock %\ld1 :ile describ+ ! product ( 8 +5uity1 po9t out :at he conceives to be ! imp]fections ( locks :i* h prec$$3 use has sanction$ ! cu/om n only ) reg>d to locks1 b also 9 o!r important matt]s4 ,h5ce !re h be5 _m 8lock controv]sies0 9 ,engl& dur+ ! la/ sev5ty ye>s4 ,we h se5 h[ freely & ju/ly ! late ,mr4 ,bramah criticis$ all ! locks t prec$$ 8 own2 & he 0 c]ta9ly n ! man to %r9k f criticism 9 8 own case4 ,tw5ty ye>s ago ! ,bramah lock 0 itself made ! subject ( criticism4 ,mr4 ,a+]1 9 8 lecture on ! subject deliv]$ at ! ,royal ,in/itution1 ,london1 & aft]w>ds 9 8 article 8,lock0 9 ! ,encyclopdia ,britannica1 ?us n>rates ! circum/ances :i* l$ to ! adoption ( ! false not*es 9 ! ,bramah lock z a means ( security3 8,at l5g? 7aft] ! orig9al lock _h acquir$ mu* celebrity17 an adv]tisem5t appe>$ 9 ! public pap]s1 reque/+ ^? :o _h lo/ keys ( ,bramah's locks1 n1 z _h hi!rto be5 done1 to break op5 _! doors or draw]s1 b to apply to ! adv]tis]1 :o w\ld und]take to save ?is de/ructive process by pick+4 ,& x appe>$ t an individual ( great dext]ity c\ld p]=m ?is op]ation almo/ ) c]ta9ty4 ,! effect ( ?is discov]y on ! dem& = ! locks may easily be imag9$2 b ! effect x _h 9 /imulat+ +5uity to provide a rem$y is "o ( ! be/ illu/rations ( ! prov]b1 t necessity is ! "m ( inv5tion4 ,)9 a few days or weeks1 ,mr4 ,russell1 :o 0 at t "t employ$ 9 ,mr4 ,bramah's e/abli%m5t1 devis$ an alt]ation :i* at once1 & )\t any exp5se1 entirely ov]came ! difficulty1 & conv]t$ ! lock into "o ( p]fect security4 ,?is contrivance is ! mo/ simple & extraord9>y t ev] effect$ s important an object2 b be=e we describe x1 we w endeav\r to expla9 :at has be5 call$ ! t5tative process ( lock-pick+1 & :i* _h be5 s successfully appli$ to ,bramah's locks40 ,mr4 ,a+] illu/rates ! subject by an engrav+--n ( an actual lock1 b ( an hypo!tical arrangem5t ( bolts & not*es2 & he !n makes 8 reason+ apply to ! actual process adopt$ by ! pick] ( ! real lock4 8,a t5d5cy to revolve 0 giv5 ) "s =ce to ! b>rel2 !n1 by means ( a pair ( small =ceps1 ! tumbl]s 7slid]s7 7 tri$1 & x 0 asc]ta9$ :i* "o 0 mo/ deta9$ by ! pressure aga9/ ! lock+-plate4 ,t :i* (f]$ mo/ resi/ance 0 gradually depress$ till its not* 0 felt to hang itself ^u ! lock+-plate2 & s on till ! :ole 7 depress$ 9 succession1 exactly z !y w\ld h be5 depress$ simultane\sly by ! key40 ,mr4 ,a+] !n describes ! contrivance :i*1 9 8 judgm5t1 seem$ to r5d] any fur!r attempts to pick ! ,bramah lock hopeless4 ,?is consi/$ 9 cutt+ false not*es 9 ! slid]s2 s z to r5d] x impossible = ! pick] to tell :5 he has br\ght a not* to ! plane ( ! lock+-plate1 :e!r x is a true not*1 or "o ( %all[] dep?1 unfitt$ to admit ! movem5t ( ! plate4 ,?is is a v int]e/+ /atem5t1 = x %ews t ! me*anical or t5tative me?od ( op5+ 0 kn[n 9 ,engl& long ago1 al?\gh v little att5tion has be5 s9ce paid to x4 ,9 a complex ,bramah lock1 & 9 locks on ! comb9ation pr9ciple1 ! difficulty ( pick+ is almo/ insup]able1 s long z :at may be t]m$ ! ari?metical me?od is adopt$4 ,x is p]fectly true1 z has be5 s (t5 /at$1 t ! v>i$ comb9ations 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! slides am\nt to millions & ev5 billions1 :5 ! slides are 9 any degree num]\s2 & if a p]son attempt to pick ! lock by r++ ! *anges on all ^! comb9ations1 x w\ld v likely require ! lives ( a doz5 ,me?uselahs to br+ ! ent]prise to an end4 ,b by ! me*anical me?od1 sket*$ s cle>ly by ,mr4 ,a+]1 ! exploit puts on a diff]5t aspect4 ,! exp]im5t] passes ?r\gh ! keyhole an in/rum5t s arrang$ z to give a t5d5cy 9 ! bolt to )draw 9 ! wi%$-= direction2 & a pressure produc$ 9 ! slides by ?is t5d5cy gives in=mation conc]n+ ! /ate ( ! slides2 & !n comes ! t5tative process on ! slides !mselves4 ,mr4 ,a+] 0 q "r 9 describ+ ! false not*es z an admirable addition to ! safety ( ! ,bramah lock2 b he 0 n correct 9 /at+ t ^! not*es r5d]$ any fur!r attempts on ! lock hopeless4 ,! false not*es are n s deep z ! true2 !y w p]mit ! b>rel to turn p>tially b n :olly r\nd4 ,b ev5 suppos+ t ! false not* _h be5 hit ^u 9 ne>ly e slide in/ead ( ! true1 & t ! b>rel _h be5 p>tially turn$ to ! ext5t :i* ^! not*es p]mitt$1 !re w\ld !n be a b9d+ action at ! false not*es diff]5t f t 9 ! true1 & ?is w\ld guide ! op]ator 9 8 se>* = ! true not*es4 ,x w\ld n add a new pr9ciple diff]5t f ! "o be=e 9 action1 b x w\ld add to ! "t dur+ :i* ! se>* w\ld h to be c>ri$ on4 ,we make ^! rem>ks 9 connection ) ,mr4 ,a+]'s article1 :i* 0 probably writt5 tw5ty ye>s ago4 ,we n[ come to ! ye> #ahej4 ,at ! meet+ ( ! ,in/itution ( ,civil ,eng9e]s1 :5 ,mr4 ,*ubb's pap] 0 read1 _m *all5ges & c\nt]-*all5ges 7 made1 z to ! possibility ( pick+ c]ta9 locks4 ,mr4 ,*ubb describ$1 among o!rs1 a lock on ! pat5t ( ,mr4 ,davies1 :i*1 +5i\s ?\gh x be1 he consid]s n safe4 ,capta9 ,d4 ,o',bri5 diff]$ f ,mr4 ,*ubb 9 ?is matt]2 he _h _h occasion to op5 f t5 to tw5ty ( ,davies's cab9et-locks daily1 dur+ a p]iod ( two ye>s1 & he nev] once obs]v$ ! locks to be out ( ord]2 9 fact1 !y always appe>$ to af=d great security4 ,mr4 ,*ubb !reupon rejo9$1 t he 0 prep>$ to produce a workman :o w\ld pick any numb] ( ,davies' cab9et-locks1 ( diff]5t comb9ations1 :i* he _h nev] se5 be=e1 tak+ only half an h\r = ea* lock4 ,z ano!r in/ance1 ,capta9 ,o',bri5 /at$ t1 9 8 capacity z ,inspector ( ,gov]nm5t ,prisons1 8 att5tion _h be5 mu* direct$ to ! subject ( secure locks2 & he produc$1 among o!rs1 specim5s ( ^? 9 use at ! ,p5tonville ,prison2 ?\gh n ( fir/-rate workman%ip1 he *>act]is$ !m z be+ safe1 /rong1 & *eap4 ,!y 7 on ,?omas's pr9ciple4 ,! locks _h be5 9 use eight ye>s1 dur+ :i* p]iod n "o _h requir$ to be replac$2 & any trifl+ d]angem5ts _h be5 made good :il/ ! prison]s 7 at ex]cise4 ,mr4 ,*ubb1 aft] mak+ 8 (f] conc]n+ ,davies's lock1 /at$ t 8he 0 will+ to make ! same (f] ) respect to ! locks f ! ,p5tonville ,prison2 & he might /ate t1 9 po9t ( security1 he consid]$ !m absolutely wor?less20 9 pro( ( :i* he exhibit$ "o ( !m1 & a common burgl>'s tool1 by :i* ! lock c\ld be op5$ ) ! greate/ ease4 ,9 respect to ,bramah's lock1 !re 0 no p>ticul> *all5ge associat$ ) ! proce$+s ( ! ev5+2 b incid5tal obs]vations 7 made z to ! degree ( security p]ta9+ to x4 ,mr4 ,f>ey1 aft] pass+ a high eulogium on ! +5uity ( ! pr9ciple & ! beauty ( ! workman%ip1 consid]$ x nev]!less objectionable t ! slid]s %\ld be s completely expos$ to view4 ,he !n proce$$ to make ! foll[+ obs]vations3 8,x _h be5 sugge/$1 t a univ]sal false key = ,bramah's locks might be made1 ) ! bottoms ( its sev]al not*es =m$ by z _m small /eel slid]s1 ext5d+ beyond ! h&le ( ! key1 s z to receive pressure f ! f+]s1 = mov+ ea* "o ( ! slid]s )9 ! lock1 ) a slid+ motion 9 its own groove1 indep5d5tly ( ! o!r4 ,dur+ su* slid+ motion1 a g5tle =ce c\ld be ex]t$1 t5d+ to turn ! b>rel r\nd4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 suppos+ t ! motion ( ! b>rel 0 prev5t$ by any "o slid] only2 t "o1 hav+ to resi/ all ! turn+ =ce1 w\ld be felt to slide m /iffly endways 9 its groove1 & !re=e x c\ld be felt :5 its unlock+ not* arriv$ opposite ! /eel plate1 & left "s o!r slid] to beg9 to resi/ ! turn+ =ce4 ,su* a circum/ance 7cont9ues ,mr4 ,f>ey7 presumes a palpable inaccuracy 9 ! radiat+ correspond5ce betwe5 ! not*es 9 ! /eel plate & ! grooves = ! slid]s 9 ! b>rel1 :i* c\ld n happ5 ) ,bramah's workman%ip40#f ,he fur!r rem>k$3 8,un=tunately1 if a ,bramah's key fell into di%one/ h&s1 ev5 = a %ort "t1 an impression c\ld be easily tak51 & a false key z easily made4 ,a turkey-quill1 not*$ into ! =m ( a key1 _h suffic$ to op5 a ,bramah's lock2 & an effici5t false key c\ld be =m$ out ( a pocket p5cil-case4 ,su* facility ( fabrication 0 an invitation to di%one/y2 & z an abortive attempt left no trace1 ! impunity 0 an enc\ragem5t to repeat ! attempt until success is atta9$40 #f ,see also ,mr4 ,ow5's sugge/ion1 p4 #ei1 ante4 ,) respect to ,*ubb's locks1 a discussion arose out ( a /atem5t made by ,mr4 ,hodge4 ,mr4 ,*ubb _h himself /at$ x to be a g5]al op9ion t a skilful workman1 furni%$ ) impressions tak5 f ! true key1 9 wax or soap1 c\ld make a false key to op5 any lock2 & he consid]$ t1 9 common locks1 ) ! mo/ elaborate w>ds1 b ) only "o tumbl]1 z also 9 ,bramah's locks1 !re 0 mu* tru? 9 ! notion4 ,9 respect to 8 own lock1 h[ev]1 ) six d\ble-act+ tumbl]s1 8a false key made ev] s c>efully f impressions w\ld n be likely to op5 ! lock1 = want ( exactitude 9 ! l5g?s ( ! sev]al /eps2 & if ! key c\ld n be made exact f ! impressions1 !re w\ld be no *ance ( rectify+ x by trial 9 ! lock1 on acc\nt ( ! total unc]ta9ty z to :i* "p requir$ alt]ation40 ,mr4 ,hodge /at$ t1 9 ,am]ica1 he _h repeat$ly se5 impressions tak5 ( locks hav+ twelve or f\rte5 tumbl]s1 9 consequ5ce ( ! bellies ( ! tumbl]s1 :5 at re/1 co9cid+ ) ! =m ( ! key 7see page #fc74 ,he also sugge/$ a me?od ( tak+ an impression ( ! bellies ( ! tumbl]s2 b ,mr4 ,*ubb1 ,mr4 ,f>ey1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son1 & ,mr4 ,:itwor?1 all express$ a disbelief t a ,*ubb's lock c\ld be op5$ by ! means indicat$ by ,mr4 ,hodge4 ,mr4 ,hodge admitt$ t he 0 n aw>e ( any lock actually made by ,messrs4 ,*ubb hav+ be5 pick$ 9 ,am]ica2 b t ! locks to :i* he _h adv]t$ 7 su* exact imitations1 t he _h no d\bt ( ! ,*ubb lock yield+ to simil> treatm5t4 ,he fur!r /at$ t !re 7 p]sons 9 ,new ,york :o w\ld und]take to pick a real ,*ubb lock4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,lock ,,controv]sy3 ,,dur+ ,,& ,,s9ce ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,exhibition4 ,we next come to ! rem>kable ye> #ahea1 :i* produc$ s _m unexpect$ results 9 connection ) ! indu/rial display 9 ,hyde ,p>k1 & conf]r$ a la/+ b5efit on ! useful arts & manufactures ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 by br++ _! products into contra/ & competition ) ^? ( o!r nations4 ,x 0 to be expect$ t su* a trial z ?is w\ld af=d evid5ces ( national failure z well z ( success2 b probably no "o suspect$ be=e ! trial1 t ,engli% locks1 s celebrat$ ov] ! great] "p ( ! _w = skilful me*anical design1 beauty ( workman%ip1 & p]fect inviolability1 w\ld readily yield to a well-arrang$ sy/em ( lock-pick+4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 0 ! case2 & we are b\nd to admit t ,mr4 ,hobbs1 ! au?or ( ?is sy/em1 is a me*anician ( great skill1 & ) a pr(\nd k ( ! art ( ! locksmi?4 ,! fir/ /ep 9 ! celebrat$ lock controv]sy ( #ahea 0 tak5 by ,mr4 ,hobbs himself1 :o decl>$ to a p>ty ( sci5tific m5 9 ! ,cry/al ,palace1 t all ! locks made 9 ?is c\ntry up to t date admitt$ ( be+ v easily pick$2 & 9 ord] to expla9 to ^! g5tlem5 ! pr9ciple ^u :i* ?is 0 to be done1 ,mr4 ,hobbs pick$ "o ( ,*ubb's pat5t detector-locks 9 _! pres5ce 9 a few m9utes4 ,! fairness ( ?is exp]im5t hav+ be5 call$ 9 "q by c]ta9 p]sons :o 7 n pres5t at ! "t :5 x 0 made1 ,mr4 ,hobbs1 on ,july #ba/1 #ahea1 wrote a lett] f ! ,am]ican dep>tm5t ( ! ,great ,exhibition1 to ,messrs4 ,*ubb1 simply ann\nc+ t an attempt w\ld be made1 on ! next foll[+ day1 to pick a lock manufactur$ by !m1 & :i* 0 at t "t on ! door ( a /rong room 9 a h\se nam$ by ,mr4 ,hobbs4 ,messrs4 ,*ubb 7 invit$ to be pres5t at ! op]ation2 b no memb] ( ! firm att5d$4 ,:at occurr$ on ! day specifi$ may be/ be giv5 9 ! words ( a lett] writt5 by ^? :o witness$ ! op]ation4 8,london1 ,july #bb1 #ahea4 8,we ! und]sign$ h]eby c]tify1 t we att5d$1 ) ! p]mission ( ,mr4 ,bell1 ( ,no4 #cd ,great ,george-/reet1 ,we/m9/]1 an invitation s5t to u by ,a4 ,c4 ,hobbs1 ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york1 to witness an attempt to op5 a lock ?r[+ ?ree bolts & hav+ six tumbl]s1 affix$ to ! iron door ( a /rong-room or vault1 built = ! depository ( valuable pap]s1 & =m]ly occupi$ by ! ag5ts ( ! ,s\?-,ea/]n ,railway2 t we sev]ally witness$ ! op]ation1 :i* ,mr4 ,hobbs comm5c$ at #ce m9utes pa/ #aa o'clock ,a4,m41 & op5$ ! lock )9 #be m9utes4 ,mr4 ,hobbs hav+ be5 reque/$ to lock x aga9 ) 8 in/rum5ts1 accompli%$ x 9 ! %ort space ( #g m9utes1 )\t ! slighte/ injury to ! lock or door4 ,we m9utely exam9$ ! lock & door 7hav+ previ\sly _h ! assurance ( ,mr4 ,bell t ! keys _h nev] be5 accessible to ,mr4 ,hobbs1 he hav+ _h p]mission to exam9e ! key-hole only74 ,we f\nd a plate at ! back ( ! door ) ! foll[+ inscription3 #8,*ubb's ,new ,pat5t 7,no4 #bfa1dfa71 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d1 ,london1 ,mak] to ,h] ,maje/y4'0 ,?is lett] 0 sign$ ) ! names & addresses ( ! foll[+ g5tlem53-- ,mr4 ,h&ley4 ,mr4 ,t4 ,%anks4 ,william ,m>%all4 ,colonel ,w4 ,clifton4 ,w4 ,arm/ead4 ,mr4 ,elijah ,gall[ay4 ,g4 ,r4 ,port]4#g ,paul ,r4 ,hodge4 ,f4 ,w4 ,w5ham4 ,*>les ,h4 ,peabody4 ,a4 ,%anks4 #g ,late ,secret>y to ! ,bo>d ( ,trade4 ,sev]al ( ^! names are well & publicly kn[n 9 ,engl& & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?is ev5t gave rise to mu* newspap] controv]sy2 & attempts 7 made to %ew t1 z ?is 0 n a te/ lock1 prep>$ expressly = *all5ge1 ! pick+ prov$ no?+ z reg>ds ! f9e/ ( ! manufactur]s' locks4 ,two circum/ances1 h[ev]1 h to be notic$--t ! lock 0 ( suffici5t comm]cial importance to be plac$ on a door enclos+ valuable pap]s1 & t ! mak]s _h an opportunity to att5d & witness1 & comm5t on ! trial1 if !y s *ose4 ,we may "h rem>k1 t "o ( ! +5i\s contrivances ( ! ,*ubb lock1 ! detector1 excit$ "s d\bt no less ?an fifte5 ye>s ago1 z w be se5 f ! foll[+4 ,! writ] ( ! article 8,lock0 9 ,heb]t's ,eng9e]s' & ,me*anics' ,encyclopdia1 :ile speak+ ) mu* comm5dation ( ,*ubb's locks1 po9ts out a curi\s feature1 :i* seems to him to r5d] some:at d\btful ! surety ( ! detector app>atus4 8,9 ,b>ron's & ,bramah's locks10 he obs]ves1 8! pick] has no means ( kn[+ :e!r ! tumbl]s are lift$ too high or n2 b 9 ,*ubb's he has only to put ! detector hors de combat 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 by a correct ?ru/ f ! outside ( ! door 7:i* might be accurately measur$71 s z to fix x fa/ 9 its place2 ! detector !n becomes a /opp] to ! undue asc5t ( ! tumbl]s1 & ! ext5t ( _! range is !reby correctly asc]ta9$4 ,?us1 x appe>s to u1 ! detector might be conv]t$ into a director ( ! means = op5+ ! lock40 ,mu* w dep5d on ! view :i* is tak5 ( ! circum/ance j not$4 ,! object ( ! detector is1 n to prev5t ! lock f be+ pick$1 b to %ew t an attempt has be5 made to pick x2 or1 at lea/1 to atta9 a giv5 purpose by an indirect in/ead ( a direct me?od4 ,b if !re be really any tru? 9 ! surmise1 t ! detector actually guides a skilful h& 9 det]m9+ h[ high ! tumbl]s %\ld be rais$1 ! suppos$ advantage w be pur*as$ at r a de> rate4 ,z we are "h1 h[ev]1 speak+ ( facts & n ( m]e op9ions1 x is prop] to say1 t ! lock op5$ by ,mr4 ,hobbs _h ! detector app>atus1 b t x 0 n di/urb$ by him 9 pick+ ! lock4 ,b in/ead ( reit]at+ op9ions1 we w /ate ! me?od by :i* mo/ ( ! tumbl]-locks made 9 ,engl&1 up to ! date ( ! ,great ,exhibition1 c be op5$ or pick$4 ,be>+ 9 m9d ! pr9ciple on :i* ! pick+ ( locks is said to dep5d1 namely1 t 8:5ev] ! p>ts ( a lock :i* come 9 contact ) ! key are affect$ by any pressure appli$ to ! bolt1 or to t portion ( ! lock by :i* ! bolt is )drawn1 9 su* a mann] z to indicate ! po9ts ( resi/ance to ! )drawal ( ! bolt1 su* a lock c be pick$10 ! fir/ /ep is to produce ! requisite pressure4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #di4 ,if ! end ( ! bolt 7 expos$1 ?is pressure might be appli$ by "s =ce t5d+ to %oot back ! bolt2 b z ! bolt1 :5ev] x is %ot1 is buri$ 9 ! jamb ( ! door1 or o!rwise conceal$ f view1 ! pressure c 9 g5]al only be appli$ ?r\gh ! key-hole4 ,9 ord]1 !re=e1 to apply ?is pressure1 ! op]ator provides himself ) an in/rum5t capable ( rea*+ ! talon ( ! bolt1 :i* 9 ! case ( ! ,*ubb lock 0 a pipe-key ( ! =m %ewn at a b1 fig4 #di1 furni%$ at ! pipe-end ) t portion ( ! bit ( ! key b c :i* moves ! bolt 7see fig4 #cb1 page #eg1 :]e ! /ep :i* acts on ! bolt is call$ ! t]m9al /ep74 ,! o!r end ( ! pipe-key is made squ>e1 z at a1 = ! purpose ( receiv+ ! squ>e eye e ( ! lev] e f1 fig4 #ej1 to ! fur!r end ( :i* f a weight w is atta*$ by means ( a /r+ s4 ,n[ x is evid5t t if ?is pipe be introduc$ into ! lock z f> z x w g1 & be turn$ r\nd z 9 ! act ( unlock+1 & ! lev] & weight be atta*$ to ! end a1 ! bit b c ( ! pipe-key w ma9ta9 a p]man5t pressure on ! bolt1 :i*1 if ! weight be suffici5t1 w ?r[ back ! bolt z soon z ! tumbl]s are rais$ to ! prop] height to all[ ! /ump to pass4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #ej4 ,! next /ep 9 ! op]ation is to raise ! tumbl]s to ! prop] height4 ,= ?is purpose a second pipe m n is made to slide ^u ! fir/ ) an easy motion1 & by means ( ! cross h&le h h c be turn$ r\nd or slid backw>ds & =w>ds on ! tube a b4 ,?is tube m n is also furni%$ ) a s+le project+ bit or /ep n o1 correspond+ ) "o ( ! six /eps ( ! key1 fig4 #cb1 & made ( ! prop] l5g? = ent]+ ! key-hole4 ,n[ = ! op]ation ( op5+ a tumbl]-lock ) ?is simple app>atus4 ,ref]r+ to fig4 #ca1 page #ef1 x w be evid5t t if ! pipe a b1 fig4 #di1 be pass$ ov] ! p9 ( ! lock & turn$ r\nd t[>ds ! left1 & ! weight be atta*$1 !re w be a t5d5cy 9 ! bolt to %oot back1 :i* t5d5cy w br+ ! /ump s1 fig4 #ca1 up aga9/ ! inn] angle or %\ld] ( "o or o!r ( ! tumbl]s1 :i*ev] happ5s to project1 h[ev] slightly2 or1 z ,mr4 ,hobbs expresses x1 8"o or m ( ! tumbl]s w b9d40 ,by mov+ =w>d ! pipe m n & turn+ r\nd ! bit n o 9 ! lock1 x is easy to asc]ta91 by delicate t\*1 :i* ( ! tumbl]s x is t b9ds4 ,x may be f\nd t all are free to move except "o or two aga9/ :i* ! /ump is press+ ) ! =ce ( ! weight w1 fig4 #ej4 ,! bit n o is !re=e br\ght g5tly "u ! bellies ( ! tumbl]s :i* b9d1 & !y are mov$ slightly upw>ds until !y cease to b9d4 ,z soon z !y are set free ano!r tumbl] w b9d2 t is1 ! bolt w move ?r\gh a small space1 s z to br+ ! /ump into contact ) t p>ticul> tumbl] :i* n[ projects2 ?is 9 its turn is reliev$1 ano!r tumbl] b9ds & is reliev$1 & s on until ! tumbl]s are1 "o by "o1 rais$ to ! prop] height = ! /ump to pass4 ,:5 ! la/ b9d+ tumbl] is rais$ to ! prop] height1 ! weight w be+ no long] resi/$1 %oots ! bolt back1 & ! "w is done4 ,n[ x mu/ be evid5t t 9 ?is op]ation ! detector app>atus ne$ n come into op]ation4 ,b if1 z has be5 propos$1 a detector-spr+ be add$ to ea* tumbl]1 x may be conv]t$ into a fri5d or a foe accord+ to ! use t is made ( x4 ,if ! tumbl]s are lift$ too high1 !y w be deta9$ or detect$ 9 t position1 & ! op]ator w h to release !m by turn+ ! bit r\nd 9 ! opposite direction be=e he c beg9 8 "w aga94 ,! same =ce1 h[ev]1 :i* deta9s ! tumbl]s :5 !y are lift$ too high w obvi\sly deta9 !m :5 !y are lift$ only j high en\gh1 & ?us ! detector-spr+s w\ld really be ( great assi/ance to ! op]ator 9 pick+ su* a tumbl]-lock4 ,! app>atus :i* we h describ$ = pick+ ! tumbl]-lock mu/ be v>i$ to suit ! =m ( key employ$ 9 op5+ ! lock2 b x is n difficult1 9 ! case ( mo/ locks1 to asc]ta9 ?is =m ?r\gh ! key-hole1 )\t exam9+ ! key itself4 ,x is b fair to /ate 9 ?is place1 t s9ce ! above me?od ( pick+ tumbl]-locks 0 made kn[n1#h ,mr4 ,*ubb has add$ a s]ies ( tee? & not*es to ! /ump & tumbl]s2 ! effect ( :i* w\ld evid5tly prev5t ! application ( ! above me?od ( pick+1 because any p]man5t pressure appli$ to ! bolt w\ld s5d a too? ( ! /ump into a not* ( ! tumbl]1 & prev5t all fur!r motion4 ,b recurr+ to ! pr9ciple1 t :5ev] ! p>ts ( a lock :i* come 9 contact ) ! key indicate ! po9ts ( resi/ance :5 any pressure 7:e!r p]man5t or tempor>y7 is appli$ 9 attempt+ to )draw ! bolt1 t lock c be pick$1 x foll[s1 if ?is pr9ciple be admitt$1 t al?\gh ! not*es prev5t ! application ( ! =m ( in/rum5t describ$1 yet !re is suffici5t indication af=d$ by ! pressure to enable a skilful op]ator1 ) prop] in/rum5ts1 to =m a false key1 z 0 done 9 ! case ( ! lock ref]r$ to at page #ajd4 ,we n[ proce$ to ! second /age 9 ! lock controv]sy ( #ahea4 #h ,we believe ! me?od 0 fir/ made publicly kn[n at a special g5]al meet+ ( ! memb]s ( ! ,in/itution ( ,me*anical ,eng9e]s1 held at ! rooms ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 ,london1 on ! #cj? ,june1 #ahea1 :5 a pap] 0 read by ,mr4 ,paul ,r4 ,hodge 8,on ! progress ( improvem5ts 9 locks 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica40 ,a report ( ?is pap]1 toge!r ) ! discussion !reon1 0 publi%$ by ,wat]l[ & ,sons1 ,london ,wall1 #ahea4 ,plate #cd 7figs4 #i & #aj7 ( ?is report conta9s repres5tations ( ! lock-pick+ app>atus1 f :i* we h copi$ our figures4 ,soon aft] ! pick+ ( ! ,*ubb lock 9 ,great ,george-/reet1 & consequ5t on ! excitem5t & discussion to :i* t op]ation l$1 a committee1 consi/+ ( ,mr4 ,g4 ,r5nie1 ,pr(essor ,c[p]1#i & ,dr4 ,black1 agre$ to sup]9t5d ! arrangem5ts = a m sev]e te/+ ( ,mr4 ,hobbs's p[] to op5 locks4 ,!re _h be5 = _m ye>s exhibit$ 9 ! w9d[ ( ,messrs4 ,bramah's %op1 9 ,piccadilly1 a padlock ( great complexity & beauty2 to :i* an ann\ncem5t 0 affix$1 t a rew>d ( two hundr$ gu9eas w\ld be giv5 to any p]son :o %\ld succe$ 9 pick+ t lock4 ,?is *all5ge 0 accept$ by ,mr4 ,hobbs2 & ! committee manag$ all ! arrangem5ts1 z arbitrators betwe5 ,mr4 ,hobbs on ! "o side & ,messrs4 ,bramah on ! o!r4 ,! lock 0 remov$ to an upp] room 9 ,messrs4 ,bramah's e/abli%m5t2 :]e x 0 plac$ betwe5 two bo>ds1 & s fix$ & seal$1 t no access c\ld be obta9$ to any "p ( x except ?r\gh ! key-hole4 ,! room 0 to be giv5 up to ,mr4 ,hobbs2 he 0 n to be int]rupt$ by ! pres5ce or entrance ( any o!r p]sons2 & he 0 all[$ a p]iod ( ?irty days = op5+ ! lock4 ,if ! lock 0 n pick$ at ! expiration ( t p]iod1 ,mr4 ,hobbs 0 to be consid]$ z hav+ fail$ 9 8 attempt4 #i ,9 m5tion+ ! "n ( ! late ,pr(essor ,edw>d ,c[p]1 we _c refra9 f deplor+ ! loss :i* me*anical sci5ce has suff]$ by 8 too-e>ly dea?4 ,! application ( me*anical pr9ciples to manufactures 0 treat$ by him 9 8 lectures & illu/rations ) a felicity :i* has be5 r>ely equall$4 ,!re 0 mu* negotiation & correspond5ce be=e & dur+ ,mr4 ,hobbs's op]ation on ?is lock4 ,on ,july #b1 he1 ) a view to ?is ent]prise1 appli$ = p]mission to take wax impressions ( ! key-hole4 ,?is p]mission be+ giv51 & ! p>ties hav+ met to discuss ! necess>y arrangem5ts1 an agreem5t 0 sign$ on ! #ai?1 recit+ ! t]ms ( ! *all5ge1 & provid+ t ?irty days %\ld be all[$ to ,mr4 ,hobbs to effect 8 ent]prise2 t ! lock %\ld be secur$ 9 a c]ta9 specifi$ way2 & t ! key %\ld rema9 9 ! possession ( ,messrs4 ,bramah1 :o 7 to reta9 ! "r ( us+ x 9 ! lock :5 ,mr4 ,hobbs 0 n at "w4 ,messrs4 ,bramah subsequ5tly rel9qui%$ ?is la/-m5tion$ privilege1 9 ord] t ! trial might be p]fectly fair2 & x 0 agre$ t ! key %\ld be seal$ up dur+ ! :ole p]iod1 beyond ! rea* ei!r ( ,mr4 ,hobbs or ,messrs4 ,bramah2 & t ! key-hole %\ld be secur$ by an iron b&1 seal$1 :5 ,mr4 ,hobbs 0 n at "w4 ,^! & o!r conditions 7 embodi$ 9 ! agreem5t notic$ 9 ! la/ p>agraph4 ,mr4 ,hobbs comm5c$ 8 lab\rs on ,july #bd?4 ,aft] a few visits to ! lock1 ,messrs4 ,bramah wi%$ to h ! privilege ( inspect+ x1 or else t su* an inspection %\ld be made by ! arbitrators2 &1 dur+ a correspond5ce :i* arose out ( ?is reque/1 ! op]ations 7 susp5d$4 ,mr4 ,hobbs resum$ 8 "w on ,augu/ #af4 ,on ! #bc;d1 ,messrs4 ,bramah drew ! att5tion ( ! arbitrators to ! *all5ge1 t ! rew>d ( two hundr$ gu9eas 0 (f]$ to ! arti/ :o %\ld make an in/rum5t t w\ld pick or op5 ! lock2 t he 0 to be paid ! money on ! production ( ! in/rum5t2 & t1 unless "s p]son 7 pres5t1 x 0 impossible t any "o c\ld "k t ! lock _h be5 op5$ by ! in/rum5t :i* might be produc$4 ,?is lett] 0 n all[$ by ! arbitrators to affect ! arrangem5ts made4 ,we may n[ consi/5tly give ! 8,report ( ! ,arbitrators40 8,:]eas = _m ye>s pa/ a padlock has be5 exhibit$ 9 ! w9d[ ( ,messrs4 ,bramah's %op1 9 ,piccadilly1 to :i* 0 app5d$ a label ) ^! words3 #8,! arti/ :o c make an in/rum5t t w pick or op5 ?is lock %all receive two hundr$ gu9eas ! mom5t x is produc$2' & ,mr4 ,hobbs1 ( ,am]ica1 hav+ obta9$ p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,bramah to make trial ( 8 skill 9 op5+ ! said lock1 ,messrs4 ,bramah & ,mr4 ,hobbs sev]ally agre$ t ,george ,r5nie1 ,esq41 ,f4,r4,s41 ( ,london2 & ,pr(essor ,c[p]1 ( ,k+'s ,college1 ,london2 & ,dr4 ,black1 ( ,k5tucky2 %\ld act z arbitrators betwe5 ! said p>ties4 8,t ! trial %\ld be conduct$ accord+ to ! rules laid d[n by ! arbitrators1 & ! rew>d ( two hundr$ gu9eas be decid$ by !m2 9 f9e1 t !y %\ld see fair play betwe5 ! p>ties4 8,on ,july #bc x 0 agre$ t ! lock %\ld be enclos$ 9 a block ( wood1 & screw$ to a door1 & ! screws seal$1 ! key-hole & ! hasp only be+ accessible to ,mr4 ,hobbs2 &1 :5 he 0 n op]at+1 ! key-hole 0 to be cov]$ ) a b& ( iron & seal$ by ,mr4 ,hobbs1 t no o!r p]son %\ld h access to ! key-hole4 ,! key 0 also seal$ up1 & 0 n to be us$ until ,mr4 ,hobbs _h f9i%$ 8 op]ations4 ,if ,mr4 ,hobbs succe$$ 9 pick+ or op5+ ! lock1 ! key 0 to be tri$2 & if x lock$ & unlock$ ! padlock1 x %\ld be consid]$ z a pro( t ,mr4 ,hobbs _h n injur$ ! lock1 b _h fairly pick$ or op5$ x1 & 0 entitl$ to ! two hundr$ gu9eas4 8,on ! same day1 ,july #bc1 ,messrs4 ,bramah gave notice to ,mr4 ,hobbs t ! lock 0 ready = 8 op]ations4 8,on ,july #bd ,mr4 ,hobbs comm5c$ 8 op]ations2 & on ,augu/ #bc ,mr4 ,hobbs exhibit$ ! lock op5$ to ,dr4 ,black & ,pr(essor ,c[p] 7,mr4 ,r5nie be+ out ( t[n74 ,dr4 ,black & ,mr4 ,c[p] !n call$ 9 ,mr4 ,edw>d ,bramah & ,mr4 ,bazalgette1 & %ew$ !m ! lock op5$2 !y ! la/-nam$ two g5tlem5 are ( c\rse meant !n )drew1 & ,mr4 ,hobbs lock$ & unlock$ ! padlock 9 pres5ce ( ,dr4 ,black & ,mr4 ,c[p]4 8,betwe5 ,july #bd & ,aug4 #bc ,mr4 ,hobbs's op]ations 7 = a "t susp5d$2 s t ! numb] ( days occupi$ by ,mr4 ,hobbs 0 sixte51 & ! numb] ( h\rs he 0 actually 9 ! room ) ! lock 0 fifty-"o4 8,on ,friday1 ,aug4 #bi1 ,mr4 ,hobbs aga9 lock$ & unlock$ ! padlock 9 pres5ce ( ,mr4 ,g4 ,r5nie1 ,pr(essor ,c[p]1 ,dr4 ,black1 ,mr4 ,edw>d ,bramah1 ,mr4 ,bazalgette1 & ,mr4 ,abrah>t4 8,on ,saturday1 ,aug4 #cj1 ! key 0 tri$1 & ! padlock 0 lock$ & unlock$ ) ! key1 by ,pr(essor ,c[p]1 ,mr4 ,r5nie1 & ,mr4 ,gilb]tson2 ?us prov+ t ,mr4 ,hobbs _h fairly pick$ ! lock )\t injur+ x4 ,mr4 ,hobbs !n =mally produc$ ! in/rum5ts ) :i* he _h op5$ ! lock4 8,we are1 !re=e1 unanim\sly ( op9ion1 t ,messrs4 ,bramah h giv5 ,mr4 ,hobbs a fair opportunity ( try+ 8 skill1 & t ,mr4 ,hobbs has fairly pick$ or op5$ ! lock2 & we aw>d t ,messrs4 ,bramah & ,co4 d n[ pay to ,mr4 ,hobbs ! two hundr$ gu9eas4 ,,george ,,r5nie1 ,*airman4 ,,edw>d ,,c[p]4 ,j4 ,r4 ,,black4 ,holl& ,/reet1 ,blackfri>s1 ,sept4 #b1 #ahea40 ,x may be "h /at$1 9 ref]5ce to ! space ( "t dur+ :i* ! op]ations 7 be+ conduct$1 t ! actual op5+ ( ! lock occurr$ mu* e>li]1 s f> z conc]n$ ! pr9ciple involv$1 ?\gh n 9 a way to meet ! t]ms ( ! *all5ge4 ,on 8 fif? visit1 ,mr4 ,hobbs succe$$ 9 adju/+ ! slides & mov+ ! b>rel1 prep>atory to )draw+ ! bolt2 b ! in/rum5t ) :i* ! b>rel 0 to be turn$ r\nd1 be+ too slight1 slipp$1 & defeat$ ! op]ation4 ,mr4 ,hobbs _h !n to readju/ ! b>rel1 & to make a new in/rum5t to aid him2 ?is new in/rum5t1 :5 complet$1 enabl$ him to op5 ! lock 9 ! space ( an h\r or two4 ,on ! same day ,messrs4 ,bramah address$ a lett] to ! arbitrators1 /at+ ! reasons :i* induc$ !m to ?9k t1 ?\gh ,mr4 ,hobbs _h succe$$ 9 op5+ ! lock1 ! mann] ( do+ s did n come )9 ! mean+ ( ! *all5ge orig9ally made by !m4 ,! arbitrators1 h[ev]1 7 unanim\s 9 _! aw>d1 & ,messrs4 ,bramah b[$ to x4 ,9 an article writt5 9 "o ( ! daily newspap]s imm$iately aft] ! op5+ ( ! lock1 ! foll[+ notice 0 giv5 ( ! lock & its production3 8,we 7 surpris$ to f9d t ! lock :i* has made s mu* noise 9 ! _w is a padlock ( b #d in*es 9 wid?1 ! body ( x #a in*es ?ick1 & its ?ickness ov] ! boss #b in*es4 ,^u op5+ ! out] case ( ! lock1 ! actual b>rel enclos+ ! me*anism 0 f\nd to be #b in*es 9 l5g? & #a in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! small space 9 :i* ! works 7 conf9$1 & its snug1 compact appe>ance 0 matt] ( a/oni%m5t to all pres5t4 ,! lock & key 7 made =ty ye>s s9ce by ! pres5t head ( ! em95t firm ( ,messrs4 ,maudslay & ,co41 ,mr4 ,maudslay be+ at t "t a workman 9 ! employ ( ,mr4 ,bramah40 ,we may "h rem>k1 z inde$ has be5 rem>k$ 9 =m] pages1 t ! ,bramah lock is1 & w probably cont9ue to be1 des]v$ly celebrat$ = ! am\nt ( me*anism conta9$ 9 a small space1 z adv]t$ to 9 ! la/ p>agraph4 ,! cyl9drical =m is well calculat$ = ?is conc5tration ( p[] )9 n>r[ limits2 & ! smallness ( ! key is a great m]it4 ,! objections made by ,messrs4 ,bramah to ! aw>d ( ! committee 7 embodi$ 9 ! foll[+ lett] to ,mr4 ,r5nie1 dat$ #i? ,septemb]3 8,,de> ,,sir1--,we beg to ackn[l$ge y\r lett] ( ye/]day's date1 & w n tr\ble y to att5d "h to-morr[1 b beg to h& y ! #bajl4 aw>d$ by ! arbitrators to ,mr4 ,hobbs4 ,we ne$ sc>cely repeat t ! decision at :i* ! arbitrators h arriv$ has surpris$ u mu*2 & we owe x to ourselves & ! public to prote/ aga9/ x4 ,we d s = ! foll[+ reasons3 8#a4 ,because ! arbitrators1 hav+ be5 appo9t$ to see fair-play1 & t ! lock 0 fairly op]at$ ^u1 did n1 al?\gh repeat$ly reque/$ 9 writ+ to d s1 once inspect or all[ any "o to witness ,mr4 ,hobbs's op]ations dur+ ! sixte5 days he _h ! sole cu/ody ( ! lock & 0 engag$ 9 ! "w4 8#b4 ,because ! arbitrators did n once ex]cise _! "r ( us+ ! key1 al?\gh repeat$ly reque/$ 9 writ+ to d s1 till aft] ,mr4 ,hobbs _h complet$ 8 op]ations2 & !n1 in/ead ( apply+ at once to prove t no damage _h be5 done to ! lock1 all[$ him tw5ty-f\r h\rs to repair any t might h occurr$4 8#c4 ,because ! lock be+ op5$ by means ( a fix$ app>atus screw$ to ! wood-"w 9 :i* ! lock 0 enclos$ = ! purpose ( exp]im5t 7:i* x is obvi\s c\ld n h be5 appli$ to an iron door )\t discov]y71 & ! addition ( ?ree or f\r o!r in/rum5ts1 ! _s ( ! *all5ge has evid5tly n be5 compli$ )4 8#d4 ,because f ! c\rse adopt$ an opportunity ( "s good sci5tific results has be5 tak5 f u2 z nei!r arbitrators nor any "o else saw ! :ole or ev5 ! mo/ important in/rum5ts1 by :i* x is said ! lock 0 pick$1 actually appli$ 9 op]ation1 ei!r be=e or aft] ! lock 0 pres5t$ op5 to ! arbitrators4 8#e4 ,because dur+ ! progress ( ,mr4 ,hobbs's op]ations1 & sev]al days be=e _! completion1 we call$ ! att5tion ( ! arbitrators to :at we consid]$ ! int]pretation ( ! *all5ge1 begg+ at ! same "t t !y w\ld apply ! key & appo9t "s "o to be pres5t dur+ ! residue ( ! exp]im5t2 feel+ t :atev] might be ! result 9 a sci5tific po9t ( view1 ! rew>d c\ld n be aw>d$4 8,we w\ld add1 t we ?9k t sev]al po9ts :i* appe> 9 y\r m9utes %\ld n h be5 m5tion$ 9 y\r aw>d2 m especially t ,mr4 ,hobbs on ! #b;d ( ,june took a wax-impression ( ! lock1 & _h made1 z f> z he c\ld1 in/rum5ts !refrom betwe5 t date & ! comm5cem5t ( 8 op]ations4 8,we are1 de> sir1 8,y\r ob$i5t s]vants1 8,,bramah ,,& ,,co40 ,9 ord] t ! op9ions ( ,messrs4 ,bramah & o!rs may be giv5 ) z mu* fairness z possible1 on a matt] :i* !y c\ld n feel b o!rwise ?an important to !m1 we may /ate1 t among ! lett]s to :i* ! pick+ ( ! ,bramah lock gave rise 9 ! public j\rnals1 0 ! foll[+ address$ to ! ,obs]v] newspap] on #aj? ,octob]3 8,,sir1--,?is controv]sy hav+ excit$ an unusual degree ( public att5tion = "s "t pa/1 p]haps y w be good en\gh to all[ u to /ate 9 y\r j\rnal1 t ! lock on :i* ,mr4 ,hobbs op]at$ _h n be5 tak5 to pieces = _m ye>s1 & x 0 only on exam9+ x 7aft] ! aw>d ( ! committee7 t we discov]$ ! />tl+ fact1 t 9 no less ?an ?ree p>ticul>s x is inf]ior to ^? we h made = ye>s pa/4 ,! lock _h rema9$ s long 9 its re/+-place 9 our w9d[ t ! proposal ( ,mr4 ,hobbs some:at surpris$ u4 ,aft] 8 appe>ance1 h[ev]1 no alt]ation c\ld ( c\rse be made )\t our incurr+ ! risk ( be+ *>g$ ) prep>+ a te/-lock = ! occasion2 we 7 !re=e b\nd 9 hon\r to let ! lock rema9 z ,mr4 ,hobbs f\nd x :5 he accept$ ! *all5ge4 ,no "o inspect$ 8 op]ations dur+ ! sixte5 days he _h ! sole cu/ody ( ! lock & 0 engag$ at ! "w4 ,we are !re=e compell$ to adv]tise ano!r #bjj gu9eas1 9 ord] t we may see ! lock op]at$ ^u & op5$1 if x be possible2 & ?us ga9 su* in=mation z w\ld enable u to use means t w\ld defy ev5 ! ackn[l$g$ skill ( our ,am]ican fri5ds4 ,we believe ! ,bramah lock to be impregnable2 & we _c op5 x ourselves1 ) ! k ,mr4 ,hobbs has giv5 u4 ,we h fitt$ up ! same lock ) su* improvem5ts z we n[ use1 & "s trifl+ *ange sugge/$ by ! rec5t trial1 & re/or$ x ) its *all5ge to our w9d[4 ,we h n done ?is 9 a va91 boa/+ _s2 on ! contr>y1 we feel x r h>d t1 f ! way 9 :i* ! =m] trial 0 conduct$1 we are driv5 to adopt ?is c\rse4 ,_h any "o inspect$ ,mr4 ,hobbs's op]ations dur+ t trial1 x w\ld n h be5 necess>y4 8,we are1 sir1 c41 8,,bramah ,,& ,,co40 ,messrs4 ,bramah are well entitl$ to (f] any explanation conc]n+ ! relative p]fection ( ! lock 9 "q1 & ( "o t !y c\ld n[ produce ) c]ta9 improvem5ts 9 "s p>ts ( ! work+ me*anism2 b if ^! improvem5ts d n involve any new inv5tion1 pat5t$ or o!rwise1--t is1 if ! lock be really a c>ry+ out ( ! contrivances already made public1--x is difficult to see :y x %\ld n yield to ! same treatm5t z ! o!r4 ,x is true t1 %ortly aft] ! decision ( ! arbitrators1 ,messrs4 ,bramah exhibit$ a new lock 9 _! w9d[1 & repeat$ _! *all5ge 9 ! same t]ms z be=e1 ) ! s+le addition1 t applications 7 to be made 9 writ+ only4 ,we h reason to "k t an application 0 made1 & t ! consequ5ce 0 ! )drawal ( ! *all5ge4 ,9 respect to ! actual conte/1 h[ev]1 ! "* & position ( ! arbitrators ought surely to hold ,mr4 ,hobbs ju/ifi$ 9 8 proce$+s4 ,!y 7 n all ,am]icans 7suppos+ nationality to give a bias 9 ! matt]72 two 7 ,engli%m51 bo? ( di/+ui%$ rank 9 respect to me*anical k2 & z ,mr4 ,hobbs 0 z mu* b\nd by _! decision z ,messrs4 ,bramah1 he 0 entitl$ to claim any advantage result+ f a fav\rable decision4 ,! foll[+ is a description1 s f> z c be giv5 9 words1 ( ! mode 9 :i* ,mr4 ,hobbs op]at$ on ! ,bramah lock4 ,! fir/ po9t to be atta9$ 0 to free ! slid]s f ! pressure ( ! spiral spr+2 ! spr+ 0 v p[]ful1 press+ ) a =ce ( betwe5 #cj & #dj lbs42 & until ?is 0 c\nt]act$1 ! slid]s c\ld n be readily mov$ 9 _! grooves4 ,a ?9 /eel rod1 drill$ at "o end1 & hav+ two long project+ tee?1 0 introduc$ into ! key-hole & press$ aga9/ ! circul> disc betwe5 ! heads ( ! slid]s2 ! disc & spr+ 7 press$ z f> z !y w\ld g4 ,9 ord] to reta9 !m 9 ?is position1 a curv$ /an*ion 0 screw$ into ! side ( ! bo>ds surr\nd+ ! lock1 & ! end br\ght to press ^u ! /eel rod1 a ?umb-screw pass+ ?r\gh ! drill$ portion ( ! in/rum5t & keep+ x 9 its place4 ,! slid]s be+ ?us fre$ f ! action ( ! spr+1 op]ations comm5c$ = asc]ta9+ _! prop] relative positions4 ,a pla9 /eel ne$le1 ) a mod]ately f9e po9t1 0 us$ = pu%+ 9 ! slid]s2 :ile ano!r ) a small hook at ! end1 some?+ l a cro*et-ne$le1 0 us$ = draw+ !m back :5 pu%$ too f>4 ,by g5tly feel+ along ! edge ( ! slid]1 ! not* 0 f\nd & adju/$1 & its exact position 0 !n accurately measur$ by means ( a ?9 & n>r[ plate ( brass1 ! measurem5ts be+ record$ on ! brass = future ref]5ce4 ,! op]ator 0 ?us enabl$1 by ?is record1 to comm5ce ea* morn+'s "w at ! po9t :]e he left (f on ! previ\s day4 ,! lock hav+ eighte5 slid]s1 ! process ( f9d+ ! exact position ( ! not* 9 ea* 0 necess>ily sl[4 ,mr4 ,hobbs employ$ a small b5t in/rum5t to p]=m ! "p ( ! small lev] or bit ( ! key2 ) ?is he kept con/antly press+ on ! cyl9d] :i* mov$ ! bolt4 ,he ?us knew t if ev] he got ! slide-not*es into ! "r place1 ! cyl9d] w\ld rotate & ! lock op54 ,he c\ld feel ! v>y+ resi/ance to :i* ! slid]s 7 subject$ by ?is t5d5cy ( ! cyl9d] to rotate2 & he adju/$ !m "o by "o until ! not* came opposite ! /eel plate4 ,! false not*es add$1 ( c\rse1 mu* to 8 difficulty2 = :5 he _h p>tially rotat$ ! cyl9d] by means ( ! false not*es1 he _h to beg9 aga9 to f9d out ! true ones4 ,?is description accords pretty ne>ly ) t giv5 9 a =m] page2 b we reproduce x "h to %ew n m]ely :at might be ! process adopt$1 b :at really has be5 done4 ,"o circum/ance ought at lea/ to be not$ 9 ^! transactions--!re is no my/]y2 ! me?od adopt$ is ! result ( a process ( reason+ c&idly & op5ly expla9$4 ,9 ju/ice to ,messrs4 ,bramah we ?\ght x our duty to give !m an opportunity ( /at+ :at improvem5ts !y _h made 9 _! locks s9ce ! date ( ! ,great ,exhibition2 & accord+ly1 on ! #bh? ,april1 #ahec1 our publi%] address$ to ,messrs4 ,bramah a note1 /at+ t a ,rudim5t>y ,treatise on ! ,con/ruction ( ,locks 0 be+ prep>$1 & invit+ !m to contribute !reto4 ,! foll[+ is a copy ( _! reply3 8#abd ,piccadilly1 ,may #b;d1 #ahec4 8,,sir1--,pressure ( bus9ess has prev5t$ our s5d+ an e>li] reply to y\r fav\r ( ! #bh? ult4 8,! lock on :i* ,mr4 ,hobbs op]at$ dur+ ! ,great ,exhibition _h be5 made ne>ly =ty ye>s1 & :5 tak5 to pieces ! slid]s 7 f\nd to be 9 iron1 in/ead ( /eel2 & ! key-hole ( ! lock be+ ?ree times l>g] ?an x ought to h be51 enabl$ ! op]ator to fix d[n ! spr+ ( ! lock1 & yet leave himself ample space to turn & b5d ! slid]s 7be+ 9 iron7 at pleasure4 ,! b>rel ( ! lock 9 :i* ! slid]s act1 in/ead ( be+ :ole l5g? f front to back ( padlock1 0 n q half its prop] l5g?2 a s]i\s ov]sight 9 ! workman :o put ! lock toge!r1 z ! b>rel be+ %ort1 ! slid]s 7 necess>ily s1 :i* dim9i%$ ! numb] ( not*es 9 ! slid]s full "o-half1 & to t ext5t dim9i%$ ! security ( ! lock1 & increas$ ! facility ( ! op]ator4 8,we s5d = y\r inspection a box ( gu>ds1 :i* w %ew y ! b>rel & slid]s ( our ,bramah lock4 ,y w obs]ve sev]al not*es 9 ea* slid]1 only "o ( :i* w turn on ! lock+-plate1 ! o!rs be+ :at are t]m$ false1 or security ones4 ,^! not*es be+ cut only ! exact wid? ( ! lock+-plate1 require ! mo/ p]fect accuracy to c>ry ea* d[n to its prop] di/ance4 ,9 ! lock on :i* ,mr4 ,hobbs op]at$1 9 addition to ! slid]s be+ s %ort1 & only half ! numb] ( security-not*es 9 ea*1 ! not* :i* pass$ r\nd ! lock+-plate 0 f\nd to be cut twice ! wid? x ought to h be54 ,! :ole ( ^! defects h be5 correct$ s9ce ! ,exhibition4 8,we are1 ,sir1 y\rs respectfully1 8,,bramah & ,co4 8p] ,j4 ,,smy?4 8,to ,john ,weale1 ,esq41 #ei ,high ,holborn40 ,9 ! ,jury ,report ( ! ,great ,exhibition1 ,class ,,xxii41 are ! foll[+ rem>ks3 8,on ! comp>ative security af=d$ by ! v>i\s locks :i* h come be=e ! jury1 !y are n prep>$ to (f] an op9ion4 ,!y w\ld m]ely express a d\bt :e!r ! circum/ance t a lock has be5 pick$ "u conditions :i* ord9>ily c\ld sc>cely ev]1 if at all be obta9$1 c be assum$ z a te/ ( its insecurity40 page #ejj4 ,! conditions "h allud$ to probably ref] to ! free access :i* ,messrs4 ,bramah all[$ ,mr4 ,hobbs to h to _! lock dur+ a p]iod ( ?irty days1 & we are h5ce l$ to inf] t ! burgl> is d5i$ any su* facilities4 ,on ?is po9t we w\ld ref] to ! op9ion ( a high au?ority4 ,9 a pap] 8on ! ,hi/ory & ,con/ruction ( ,lat*es & ,locks10 by ,mr4 ,*ubb1 read be=e ! ,society ( ,arts1 #bb;d ,janu>y1 #ahea1 ! foll[+ graphic passage occurs3 8,9 ord] to %ew ! absolute necessity ( secure locks & safe depositories = prop]ty1 especially 9 bank+ e/abli%m5ts1 x may n be out ( place to trace ! sy/ematic c>e & great sagacity ) :i* ! l>ge burgl>ies are plann$4 ,y w be> 9 m9d t an unsuccessful attempt is seldom made :]e ! booty is ( any magnitude4 ,! fir/-rate #8cracksm5' always "k be=eh& :]e to g1 :5 to g1 & :at !y are go+ =4 ,:5 a #8plant1' z x is t]m$1 is made ^u a h\se or a bank1 precise in=mation is ga9$1 if possible1 z to ! depository ( ! valuables2 & if x is f\nd t ! safegu>ds are too /rong 9 !mselves1 & t ! locks are invuln]able1 ! affair is quietly dropp$4 ,b if o!rwise1 !n no exp5diture ( "t or misappli$ +5uity is sp>$ to ga9 ! desir$ end4 ,! h\se is con/antly wat*$1 ! habits ( its inmates are obs]v$1 _! ord9>y times ( go+ out & com+ 9 are not$2 ! confid5tial s]vants are brib$ or cajol$1 & induc$ to leave ! premises :5 _! employ]s are abs5t1 s t impressions may be tak5 f ! locks1 & false keys made4 ,:5 all ! keys requir$ are made1 "o or two m5 :o h n be5 previ\sly initiat$ are g5]ally call$ 91 & receive _! in/ructions to be ready at a c]ta9 h\r on ! foll[+ day to ent] ! h\se4 ,a plan ( ! premises is put into _! h&s1 !y are caution$ to /ep ov] a c]ta9 creak+ /air or plank1 & ! keys ( ! diff]5t doors are giv5 !m4 ,! day or ev5+ is *os5 :5 x is kn[n t ! inmates w be f home--! s]vant1 tak+ advantage ( _! abs5ce1 fulfils a long-/&+ engagem5t ) 8 new & lib]al fri5ds--a signal is giv5--! two conf$]ates ent]--! s-call$ safe is swept ( its cont5ts1 all ! doors are c>efully re-lock$1 & n until ! bank is op5$ = bus9ess next morn+ is ! robb]y discov]$40 ,9 an article 9 ,fraz]'s ,magaz9e = ,novemb] #aheb ! foll[+ obs]vations 7 made on ! ,exhibition ,jury ,report on ,locks3 8,?is jury seems to h consi/$ ( ! only p]sons 9 ,engl& :o did n he> ( ! fam\s #8lock controv]sy' ( la/ ye>2 = "o c h>dly imag9e t1 if !y _h he>d ( a matt] ( s mu* consequ5ce to ! subject !y 7 appo9t$ to inve/igate1 !y w\ld h altoge!r ab/a9$ f say+ any ?+ ab\t x4 ,!y may be excus$ = n kn[+1 because v few p did "k1 =tunately = our safes & /rong boxes1 t ! mode ( pick+ ,bramah's & ,*ubb's locks1 by :i* ! transatlantic ,hobbs ga9$ s mu* glory1 0 sugge/$ & expla9$ 9 ! ,encyclopdia ,britannica ne>ly tw5ty ye>s ago4 ,b x does seem v /range t !y1 or at lea/ _! report]1 %\ld n h kn[n1 long be=e ! ,report f9ally left 8 h&s1 t ,hobbs _h pick$ bo? ( ^? locks1 & taught e lock-pick] 9 ,engl& h[ to d x1 if he possesses ! requisite tools & f+]s4 ,( c\rse1 h[ev]1 ! report] did n "k x1 z nobody c\ld read any newspap] la/ autumn )\t kn[+ x4 ,& ?is jury did ex]cise _! judgm5t to ! ext5t ( decl>+ t ,hobbs's own lock 7"u ! "n ( ,day & ,newell7 #8seems to be impregnable4' ,not)/&+ all :i*1 !y express _! inability to #8(f] any op9ion on ! comp>ative security af=d$ by ! v>i\s locks t h come be=e !m4' ,! only discrim9ation :i* !y v5ture to make is1 t ! keys ( ,bramah's & ,*ubb's locks are ( conv5i5t size1 :ile ,hobbs's is pond]\s & bulky1 & 8 lock complicat$2 & !y might h add$ 7)\t any v pa9ful am\nt ( inve/igation71 enorm\sly exp5sive1 9 consequ5ce ( its complication1 & probably also m likely1 on ! same acc\nt1 to get out ( ord] & /ick fa/1 & s become r inconv5i5tly impregnable--on ! money door ( a bank1 = in/ance1--?an ! o!r two locks1 especially ,bramah's40 ,9 relation to ! op9ion j giv51 x may be rem>k$ t ! ,am]ican lock has %ewn no t5d5cies to get out ( ord]2 if well con/ruct$ 7& good con/ruction is a s9e qua non 9 su* me*anism71 ! p>ts "w into & ^u ea* o!r ) v little friction4 ,9 respect to exp5se1 & to ! size ( ! key1 a bank-lock is n "o 9 :i* economy w\ld be mu* /udi$1 security be+ ! great desid]atum4 ,no attempt is made to produce a p>autoptic lock ( small size or = *eap purposes4 ,! lock1 !re=e1 mu/ be judg$ ( ) ref]5ce to :at x und]takes to p]=m4 ,& ?is br+s u to notice ! attempts made 9 ,engl& to pick ! p>autoptic or ,am]ican bank-lock4 ,! foll[+ 7 ! circum/ances connect$ ) ,mr4 ,g>butt's attempt to pick ! ,am]ican lock4 ,x is ( c\rse kn[n t a *all5ge 0 affix$ to ! ,am]ican lock 9 ! ,great ,exhibition1 & x 0 ?is *all5ge :i* ,mr4 ,g>butt accept$4 ,mr4 ,g>butt1 x may be "h obs]v$1 0 a work+ locksmi? & eng9e]2 he _h be5 entru/$ by ,messrs4 ,fox & ,h5d]son ) ! c>e & adju/m5t ( ! metal *eck-tables at ! pay-places ( ! ,cry/al ,palace2 he _h at a previ\s p]iod be5 9 ! employ ( ,messrs4 ,bramah4 ,we m5tion ^! facts only on acc\nt ( an errone\s rum\r at ! "t t he 0 an ag5t ( ,messrs4 ,bramah 9 respect to ! acceptance ( ! ,am]ican *all5ge2 :]eas we believe he act$ indep5d5tly1 by & = himself4 ,on ,sept4 #aj?1 #ahea1 ,mr4 ,a4 ,h4 ,r5ton1 ,mr4 ,e4 ,h4 ,?omson1 & ,mr4 ,w4 ,f4 ,%attuck1--! fir/ an eng9e]1 & ! o!r two ,am]ican exhibitors1--7 appo9t$ arbitrators to sup]9t5d ! arrangem5ts1 & !y met ,mr4 ,g>butt & ,mr4 ,hobbs at ! h\se ,no4 #bj ,knightsbridge4 ,! foll[+ conditions 7 agre$ to3--,t a ,newell lock %\ld be select$1 & %\ld be screw$ to a wood5 box2 t ,mr4 ,g>butt %\ld h access only to ! key-hole ( ! lock1 ?r\gh :i* key-hole all 8 op]ations = pick+ ! lock %\ld be conduct$2 t ,mr4 ,g>butt %\ld h un9t]rupt$ & exclusive access to ! box1 betwe5 ! h\rs ( n9e 9 ! morn+ & n9e 9 ! ev5+1 = ?irty days1 beg9n+ on ! #aa? ( ,septemb]1 he hav+ dur+ t "t ! privilege ( introduc+ "o associate1 & ! arbitrators res]v+ to !mselves ! "r ( inspect+ ! seals plac$ by !m on ! box2 t1 9 ord] to af=d e in=mation conc]n+ ! int]nal arrangem5t ( ! lock1 ! trial-lock %\ld be tak5 to pieces 9 pres5ce ( all ! p>ties2 t x %\ld be exam9$ by ,mr4 ,g>butt2 t x %\ld be lock$ & unlock$ ) ! prop] key by him & by ,mr4 ,hobbs2 t x %\ld be fa/5$ to a box1 & ! fa/5+s seal$ by ! arbitrators2 t ! key1 :5 ! lock 0 f9ally lock$1 %\ld be seal$ up by ! arbitrators & deliv]$ to ,mr4 ,hobbs1 :o w\ld reta9 x until requir$ by ! arbitrators to h& x ov] to !m4 ,t at ! expiration ( ! ?irty days1 or e>li] 9 case ei!r ( ! success or ! ab&onm5t ( ! attempt1 ! arbitrators %\ld exam9e ! lock4 ,&1 f9ally1 t if ,mr4 ,g>butt %\ld h succe$$ 9 pick+ ! lock 7t is1 9 )draw+ ! bolt )\t injur+ ! lock71 ! sum ( #bjjl4 %\ld be paid to him by ,mr4 ,hobbs4 ,9 accordance ) ! above agreem5t1 ,mr4 ,hobbs produc$ a p>autoptic lock1 ) t5 tumbl]s1 m>k$ ,no4 #hefj4 ,! key & ! lock 7 exam9$ by ,mr4 ,g>butt4 ,! lock 0 aga9 put toge!r1 affix$ to a box1 & seal$4 ,mr4 ,hobbs set ! bits ( ! key 7t5 9 numb]7 to an arrangem5t *os5 by himself1 & ! lock 0 !n lock$ by all p>ties 9 succession2 ! key1 aft] ! f9al lock+1 be+ seal$ up & return$ to ,mr4 ,hobbs4 ,mr4 ,hobbs at ! same "t deliv]$ to ,mr4 ,g>butt a simil> b small] lock1 :i* he 0 to be all[$ to reta9 dur+ ! :ole p]iod ( ! trial1 to assi/ 9 r5d]+ him famili> ) ! con/ruction ( bo? locks4 ,on ! #aa? ( ,octob]1 ! day on :i* ! prescrib$ p]iod expir$1 ! arbitrators met at ! h\se 9 "q1 :5 ,mr4 ,g>butt deliv]$ up to !m ! lock un9jur$1 b unop5$4 ,! aw>d ( ! arbitrators 0 !reupon giv5 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3 8,we !re=e h]eby c]tify t ,mr4 ,g>butt hav+ _h un9t]rupt$ & exclusive access to ! lock dur+ ! p]iod ( ?irty days1 &1 avail+ himself ( ! conditions ( ! agreem5t1 _h e facility = op5+ ! lock t c\ld be obta9$ )\t possession ( ! true key1 has deliv]$ up ! same into our h&s unop5$ & un9jur$2 & ! said lock has be5 deliv]$ by u to ,mr4 ,hobbs40 ,x w ( c\rse be und]/ood t x 0 "o condition ( ?is ent]prise1 t ! p>ticul> comb9ation ( bits 9 ! key :]e) ! lock 0 f9ally lock$ %\ld n be se5 by ,mr4 ,g>butt4 ,! key 0 9 ! fir/ in/ance tri$ by ,mr4 ,g>butt & by ! memb]s ( ! committee1 & 0 f\nd to turn readily 9 ! lock2 ,mr4 ,hobbs !n left ! room1 & re-arrang$ ! bits ( ! key s z to produce a new comb9ation2 he !n return$ to ! room1 & lock$ ! lock ) ! key 9 its alt]$ =m2 he all[$ all pres5t to feel ! key turn freely1 & !n1 )\t all[+ any "o to see ! comb9ation1 wrapp$ ! key up 9 pap]1 9 :i* x 0 seal$ z above describ$4 ,:e!r ,mr4 ,g>butt1 or any "o1 c\ld h succe$$ bett] by a mom5t>y glance at ! arrangem5t ( ! key1 0 n at t mom5t ! "q3 ! t]ms ( ! *all5ge 7 t he %\ld n see x4 ,:at are ! circum/ances likely to occur if ! op]ator really has access to ! key 7provid$ ! bits are n v num]\s7 we may %ortly expla94 ,x is necess>y to draw a di/9ction betwe5 pick+ ( a lock & r++ ! *anges on a p]mutat+ key2 o!rwise "s ( ! late occurr5ces connect$ ) locks c h>dly be und]/ood4 ,aft] ! read+ ( a pap] by ,mr4 ,hobbs be=e ! ,society ( ,arts1 a discussion arose1 9 :i* x 0 /at$ t ! ,newell lock _h be5 pick$ 9 ,london4 ,mr4 ,hobbs deem$ x necess>y to refute ?is /atem5t4 ,! report 0 circulat$ 9 _m ( ! ,london newspap]s2 & ,mr4 ,j]emiah ,smi?1 ! op]ator 9 "q1 support$ x by 8 own /atem5t4 ,"u ^! circum/ances ,mr4 ,hobbs1 on ,april #b1 #aheb1 address$ a lett] to ! editor ( ! ,obs]v]2 ( :i* ! foll[+ p>agraph 0 int5d$ to po9t out ! di/9ction above m5tion$ betwe5 8pick+0 & 8r++ ! *anges30 8,e>ly la/ autumn ,i l5t to ,mr4 ,pott]1 ( ,s\? ,molton ,/reet1 "o ( my locks1 = ! purpose ( giv+ him an opportunity to make himself acqua9t$ ) its pr9ciple & con/ruction4 ,aft] he _h _h ! lock 9 8 possession sev]al weeks1 a report rea*$ me t "o ( ,mr4 ,pott]'s workm5 _h pick$ my lock4 ,i imm$iately call$ on ,mr4 ,pott] to asc]ta9 ! fact4 ,mr4 ,pott] in=m$ me t = ! purpose ( te/+ ! possibility ( op5+ ! lock by means ( an impression tak51 or a copy be+ made ( ! true key1 ,mr4 ,smi? _h made a copy ( ! key by means ( a transf] in/rum5t1 :i* in/rum5t he %ew$ me at ! "t4 ,aft] ! key 0 made1 x 0 tri$1 & f\nd to lock & unlock ! lock z readily z ! orig9al key4 ,mr4 ,pott] !n seal$ ! screws ( ! lock1 *ang$ ! comb9ation ( ! key1 & lock$ x4 ,mr4 ,smi? !n took ! lock1 & ) ! key t he _h made by copy+ ! orig9al1 hit ! comb9ation1 & unlock$ x4 ,! lock 0 ( ! smalle/ size1 hav+ b six tumbl]s2 ! numb] ( *anges t c\ld possibly be made 7 #gbj4 ,! "t occupi$ by ,mr4 ,smi?1 accord+ to 8 own /atem5t1 0 six h\rs & fifty-five m9utes2 ?is1 all[+ "o m9ute = ea* *ange1 w\ld give him "t to h made #dae out ( ! #gbj *anges be=e hitt+ ! "r "o4 ,i ask$ ,mr4 ,smi? :y he did n use ! orig9al key in/ead ( mak+ a copy8 ,8 answ] 01 t #8he c\ld *ange ! "o he made fa/]1 z he did n h to screw ! bits 94' ,any p]son w readily und]/& ! diff]5ce betwe5 r++ ! comb9ation ( a key & pick+ a lock40 ,9 o!r words1 ! process 0 ?is3 ! op]ator _h ! true key1 & might h us$ ei!r ?is or "o :i* he made f x4 ,?is w\ld h suffic$ = op5+ almo/ any lock ev] con/ruct$ in/antly2 b 9 ! ,am]ican lock he _h to f9d out :i* ( #gbj comb9ations 0 ! "r "o1 & he 0 employ$ almo/ sev5 h\rs 9 do+ ?is4 ,! exploit %ew$ pati5ce1 b _h little be>+ on ! practical subject ( lock-pick+4 ,9 ,m>* #aheb ,mr4 ,smi? put =? an (f] to accept ! *all5ge made by ,mr4 ,hobbs 9 respect to ! ,exhibition lock4 ,mr4 ,hobbs agre$ to ! (f]1 & *ose1 z arbitrators on 8 "p1 ,mr4 ,h5sman1 ,eng9e] to ! ,bank ( ,engl&1 & ,mr4 ,appold1 inv5tor ( ! c5trifugal pump :i* attract$ s mu* att5tion at ! ,great ,exhibition4 ,mr4 ,hobbs reque/$ ,mr4 ,smi? to appo9t arbitrators on 8 side also2 b ?is 0 n done4 ,mr4 ,smi?1 at a meet+ held by ! f\r p]sons nam$1 express$ a wi% t an ord9>y comm]cial lock %\ld be ! "o exp]im5t$ on1 in/ead ( ! m complicat$ te/-lock :i* _h be5 at ! ,great ,exhibition4 ,?is 0 a dep>ture f ! t]ms ( ! orig9al *all5ge2 b ,mr4 ,hobbs waiv$ 8 objection on ?is po9t1 & (f]$ to sub/itute a bank-lock ) t5 tumbl]s = ! ,exhibition lock ) fifte51 ! =m] be+ simil> 9 con/ruction b less complex4 ,ano!r meet+ 0 agre$ ^u1 b ,mr4 ,smi? did n att5d2 & ! matt] 01 by himself1 br\ght to a sudd5 t]m9ation4 ,to %ew ! effect ( diff]5ce 9 ! numb] ( tumbl]s & key-bits1 we may /ate t1 :ile1 at a m9ute p] *ange1 x w\ld take twelve h\rs to g ?r\gh all ! comb9ations ) a six-bitt$ key1 x w\ld require sev5 ye>s ) a t5-bitt$1 & #b1ejj1jjj ye>s ) a fifte5-bitt$ key6 ,s mu* = p[] ( comb9ation1 9 ! ari?metical mode ( pick+4 ,we n[ proce$ to notice ! violability ( sundry m9or locks4 ,x might at fir/ appe> t ! lett]-lock is exce$+ly difficult to pick2 & s x unque/ionably is1 z long z we m]ely att5d to ! *ance-m$ley trials by turn+ ! r+s r\nd & r\nd until we happ5 to hit ^u ! "r comb9ation4 ,b !re is ano!r mode ( solv+ ! riddle1 me*anical r ?an ari?metical4 ,a piece ( common wire1 b5t 9 ! =m ( ! %ackle1 is put 9 betwe5 ! ends ( ! lock2 ! spr+ or ela/icity ( ! wire t5ds to =ce ! ends ap>t2 ?is causes ! p9s or /uds on ! rod to press aga9/ ! inn] edges ( ! r+s4 ,by try+ all ! r+s 9 succession1 "s "o ( !m w be f\nd to b9d or cl+ m ?an ! o!rs2 ?is is turn$ r\nd until ! cessation ( ! b9d %ews t ! not* 9 ! r+ has be5 br\ght into its "r position relatively to ! p9 on ! rod4 ,!n ano!r r+ :i* b9ds m ?an ! re/ is treat$ 9 a simil> way2 until at l5g? all ! r+s seem to be s f> lib]at$ z to indicate t ! not*es are 9 ! "r positions4 ,9 ! dial-lock1 simil>ly1 :5 a pressure has be5 br\ght to be> ^u ! bolt 9 ! "r direction1 a trial ( ! po9t]s w soon br+ ! not* 9 ea* :eel to ! requir$ position4 ,"s %ort "t aft] ! ev5ts 9 ,london connect$ ) ! lock controv]sy1 ,mr4 ,william ,br[n ( ,liv]pool describ$ ! lett]-lock notic$ 9 a =m] page1 *>act]is+ x z a lock :i* he believ$ no "o c\ld pick4 ,an incid5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ?is lock 0 ?us n>rat$ 9 "o ( ! ,liv]pool newspap]s4 8,mr4 ,hobbs 0 tak5 by ,mr4 ,miln] to ! (fice ( ,messrs4 ,br[n1 ,%ipley1 & ,co41 & %ewn ?is lock4 ,! safe-door 0 clos$ & lock$ by ! ca%i] at ,mr4 ,br[n's reque/2 & !n ,mr4 ,hobbs began to illu/rate 8 views ( ! con/ruction ( ! lock by manipulation & explanation1 ) :i* ! subject ( !m appe>$ to sympa?ise s entirely & promptly t ! door op5$ 9 a few m9utes40 ,9 respect to ! pick+ ( ! ,egyptian lock1 ! ma9 difficulty w\ld be 9 obta9+ any false key t w\ld correspond ) ! p9s ( ! lock2 b ?is might be accompli%$ 9 a way analog\s to t :i* is practis$ 9 _m o!r cases4 ,if a small piece ( wax be laid on a blank key1 ! key ins]t$ into ! lock1 & ! blank press$ upw>ds aga9/ ! p9-holes1 !re w\ld be left an impression ( ^? holes on ! wax2 ?is impression w\ld furni% a guide to ! fabrication ( a false key4 ,!re is also v little difficulty 9 pick+ ?is lock by "o ( ! ord9>y in/rum5ts4 ,= ! ,yale lock1 comb9+ some?+ l ! p9-action ( ! ,egyptian ) ! cyl9d]-action ( ! ,bramah locks1 ! pick+ requires ! use ( an in/rum5t t w fit betwe5 two ( ! p9s1 & to ! out] end ( :i* is atta*$ a lev] & weight2 by ?is means a pressure is ex]t$ ^u ! cyl9d] 9 ! "r direction = x to turn1 & ! p9s are made to b9d4 ,!n1 ) ano!r in/rum5t1 ! p9s are felt1 & ea* "o mov$ until x seems to be reliev$ f ! b9d3 ?is indicates t ! jo9t 9 ! p9 co9cides ) ! jo9t betwe5 ! two cyl9d]s2 & :5 all h be5 simil>ly treat$1 ! weight act+ on ! inn] cyl9d] w turn x4 ,x is evid5t t ?is me?od is ! same 9 pr9ciple z ! "o applicable to ! ,bramah lock4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,effects ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,exhibition ,,( #ahea ,,9 ,,improv+ ,,engli% ,,locks4 ,we h n[ to ref] to ! effects ( ! lock controv]sy4 ,x 0 no d\bt annoy+ to be told1 on good au?ority1 t ! ma*9es on :i* we s mu* prid$ ourselves 7 wrong 9 pr9ciple2 & t our locks1 9 ord] to af=d ! degree ( security :i* are expect$ ( su* contrivances1 mu/ be re-con/ruct$4 ,! grumbl+ ) :i* ! fir/ "p ( ?is proposition 0 receiv$ w\ld alone h suffic$ to lead to a suspicion ( its tru?1 if ! l>ge numb] ( new locks t h actually appe>$ _h n confirm$ x4 ,:e!r ! second "p ( ! proposition has be5 fairly c>ri$ out1 is a po9t :i* mu/ n[ be consid]$4 ,"o ( ! fir/ locks produc$ dur+ or imm$iately aft] ! lock controv]sy 0 ,mr4 ,p>nell's1 to :i* ! bold t]m ( pat5t defiance lock is atta*$4 ,?is lock is said to dep5d = its security on a mode ( arrangem5t :i* may be/ be describ$ 9 ! inv5tor's own words3 8,view+ ! lock f its ext]ior1 x pres5ts no?+ rem>kable2 b1 ^u remov+ ! plate1 x w be se5 t all possible access to ! me*anism ) false or surreptiti\s keys is effectually prev5t$ by a solid cyl9d] ( h>d5$ 8 brass1 ) protect+ w>ds ext5d+ ! :ole dep? ( ! lock1 & hav+ 9 ! c5tre ! ap]ture = ! key1 :i* fits to a ma!matical nicety s exact z to preclude ! possibility ( any second in/rum5t be+ us$ to op5 x4444 ,?is protect+ cyl9d] mu/ revolve ) ! key to get to ! works2 & ! mom5t x passes f ! key-hole 9 go+ r\nd to lock or unlock1 ! solid portion moves into its place1 & s completely closes t ap]ture t ! po9t ( a p91 or a f9e /eel-p51 has fail$ to be ins]t$ betwe5 x & ! out] plate or cap1 to say no?+ ( ! utt] hopelessness ( p]=at+ ! metal4 8,! cyl9d] or protect+ cap1 ?\gh x revolves by ! action ( ! key some:at 9 ! same way z ! cyl9d] ( ! ,bramah lock1 appe>s to be int5d$ r = clos+ or protect+ ! key-hole ?an = gov]n+ ! movem5ts ( ! bolt4 ,! int]nal arrangem5ts ( ! lock are z foll[3 ,suppos+ ! bolt to be %ot1 & to be ab\t to be unlock$1 ! key1 by ! "t x has made ab\t "o-?ird ( a rotation1 meets ) a =cible resi/ance 9 ! %ape ( an upright spr+-bolt or detector ( /rong /eel act+ on ! revolv+ cyl9d]4 ,! key passes ?is detector1 & arrives at ! lev]s or tumbl]s4 ,9 ! bolt-/ud :i* works 9 ! slot ( ^! tumbl]s !re is a small deep s]rat$ not* on "o side1 correspond+ to simil> not*es on ea* ( ! tumbl]s2 if1 !re=e1 ! bolt be =c$1 ^! not*es w\ld lock into ea* o!r 9 a simil> mann] to ! cat* on a %ip's w9dlass or a hoi/+ crane4 ,!re is also a d\ble-action tumbl]-bolt1 s adju/$1 t if any ( ! tumbl]s be ov]lift$1 ?is little app5dage becomes ?ru/ d[n at "o end into ! bolt ( ! lock1 :]e x w$ges all fa/ until ! tumbl]s become prop]ly re-adju/$4 ,! d\ble-action tumbl]-bolt also falls into ! lock-bolt :5 ! latt] is lock$ or %ut1 !reby imp>t+ an additional /r5g? to ! lock4 ,! key has a p[] ( expansion or enl>gem5t :ile turn+ 9 ! lock2 x meets ) an ecc5tric plate :i* draws out ! bits some:at2 s t1 at ! mom5t ( act+ on ! tumbl]s1 !y protrude f>!r f ! pipe ( ! key ?an :5 ! key ent]$ ! key-hole4 ,! key is1 9 fact1 l>g] :5 9 ?an :5 out ( ! lock4 ,!re is connect$ ) ! works ( ! lock a #8det5tion-cap1' s =m$ t1 9 ! ev5t ( a false key be+ us$1 a p[]ful bolt in/antly locks into ! revolv+ cyl9d]1 & holds fa/ ! surreptiti\s in/rum5t40 ,su* is1 9 sub/ance1 ! acc\nt :i* ,mr4 ,p>nell has giv5 ( 8 own lock4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be /at$1 t ! po9ts ( security or novelty claim$ by ,mr4 ,p>nell = 8 lock 7 pat5t$ by previ\s inv5tors4 ,! revolv+ cyl9d] or curta9 0 claim$ by ,mit*ell & ,lawton 9 ! pat5t ( #g? ,m>*1 #ahae1 z notic$ at page #eb ante4 ,! exp&+ key-bit 0 claim$ by ,mr4 ,ma*9 ( ,wolv]hampton 9 #ahbg1 z notic$ at page #fa1 & by ,mr4 ,mack9non 7page #fb72 :ile ! s]rat$ not*es 9 ! tumbl] 7 us$ by _m lock-mak]s long be=e ! date ( ,mr4 ,p>nell's pat5t4 ,! det5tion-cap = cat*+ & hold+ a false key :5 put into ! lock 0 also pat5t$ by ,mit*ell & ,lawton1 z notic$ at page #ec ante4 ,we come n[ to notice a lock lately inv5t$ by ,mr4 ,e4 ,b4 ,d5ison 7! au?or ( ! ,rudim5t>y ,treatise on ,clocks 9 ?is s]ies71 :i* has ! m]it ( comb9+ consid]able novelty 9 con/ruction ) security4 ,aft] ! details giv5 9 ! two prec$+ *apt]s1 x w c]ta9ly be no small praise :5 we express our conviction t 9 ! pres5t /ate ( ! art ( lock-pick+1 ?is lock may be consid]$ z secure4 ,mr4 ,d5ison has furni%$ u ) a description ( 8 lock1 :i* we ins]t almo/ 9 8 own words4 ,mr4 ,d5ison claims = ?is lock ! foll[+ advantages3-- #a4 ,t a v l>ge & /rong lock on ?is con/ruction only requires a v small key4 #b4 ,t no key is requir$ to lock x1 al?\gh x is free f ! inconv5i5ce p]ta9+ to spr+-locks1 viz4 t ! door _c be %ut )\t lock+ itself4 ,moreov] ?is lock is m secure ?an any spr+-lock c be4 #c4 ,t x _c get out ( ord] f ! usual causes ( ! tumbl]s /ick+ toge!r or _! spr+s break+1 inasmu* z ! action ( ! tumbl]s does n dep5d on any ?+ b ! key & ! h&le1 & !re are no tumbl]-spr+s4 #d4 ,t = ! same reason1 ! p>ts ( ?is lock d n require any poli%+ or delicacy ( execution4 #e4 ,t ! key-hole be+ completely clos$ by a curta91 except :5 ! key is 91 ! lock is protect$ f ! effects ( ! atmosph]e & du/ ent]+ at ! key-hole4 #f4 ,t ?is lock is secure aga9/ any kn[n mode ( pick+2 ! smallness ( ! key-hole prev5ts ! ins]tion ( any in/rum5t /rong en\gh to op5 ! lock by viol5ce4 #g4 ,t ?is lock1 f ! simplicity ( its con/ruction1 admits ( be+ made at small co/4 ,^! objects are accompli%$ z foll[s3--,9 ! l>ge-siz$ locks1 su* z w\ld be us$ = safes & l>ge doors1 ! tumbl]s ,t1 fig4 #ea1 are made ( pieces ( hoop-iron1 #f or #g in*es long & #a in* wide3 ^! tumbl]s are support$ by & turn on a p9 a1 plac$ at ab\t ! middle ( _! l5g?2 s t be+ balanc$ on ! p91 or ne>ly s1 & hav+ _! sep>at+ plates ,p betwe5 !m1 :i* _c turn1 ! tumbl]s w /& 9 any position indiff]5tly2 & 9 ord] to secure suffici5t friction to keep !m /eady1 "o or m ( ! sep>at+ plates ,p is b5t a little1 s z to act z a spr+ :5 ! cap ( ! lock is screw$ d[n4 ,! lock is %ewn 9 fig4 #ea z lock$1 ! bolt ,b hav+ be5 %ot by ! fantail$ piece f on ! h&le1 & ! tumbl]s s5t d[n1 s t ! /ump s _c ent] _! jaws by ! o!r piece ( ! h&le2 & x is evid5t t ! h&le _c draw ! bolt back aga9 until ! tumbl]s h all be5 rais$ by ! key to ! prop] position to all[ ! /ump s to ent] _! jaws4 ,x w be obs]v$ t 9 ! position %ewn 9 ! figure1 ! /ump does n t\* ! tumbl]s2 & consequ5tly1 s long z ! bolt is kept 9 ! position repres5t$1 no pressure ( ! /ump aga9/ ! tumbl]s c be felt1 al?\gh by means ( a false key or pick-lock ! tumbl]s be rais$ to any height4 ,no implem5t1 h[ev]1 c be pu%$ into ! key-hole )\t fir/ press+ 9 ! curta9 ,k1 :i* is held up aga9/ ! cap ( ! lock by ! two spiral spr+s c c on ea* side ( ! key-hole2 & at ! back ( ! curta9 !re is a squ>e plug p1 :i* goes ?r\gh a hole 9 ! back ( ! lock1 & has a not* 9 x ?r\gh :i* ! bolt c pass :5 ! curta9 is up1 clos+ ! key-hole1 b at no o!r "t4 ,9 o!r words1 ! act ( pu%+ 9 ! key s5ds d[n ! curta9 plug1 ! effect ( :i* is to hold ! bolt fa/ 9 ! position 9 :i* ! /ump _c be made to t\* ! tumbl]s4 ,if ! prop] key be us$ & turn$ ab\t half r\nd to ! "r1 x w br+ ! tumbl]s to ! prop] height = ! /ump to pass4 ,! key is !n tak5 out2 = s long z x is 9 ! lock1 ! bolt _c be mov$2 & !n turn+ ! h&le to ! "r1 ! bolt is drawn & ! door op5$4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #ea4 ,mr4 ,d5ison's l>ge lock4 ,! h&le ,h %\ld be s made1 t z soon z ! fantail$ piece f has s5t ! bolt j cle> ( ! tumbl]s1 ! o!r arm to ! "r ( ,h may beg9 to move ! tumbl]s2 b ! fantail ne$ n s5d ! /ump above "o-sixte5? ( an in* beyond ! tumbl]s2 & ! curta9-plug & bolt mu/ be s adju/$ t ! curta9 _c be pu%$ 9 until ! bolt is s f> out t ! /ump is ?is "o-sixte5? ( an in* beyond ! tumbl]s4 ,! curta9 ,k ne$ only be a ?9 piece ( /eel1 & ! bolt ,b mu/ be ?ick en\gh = ! curta9 to g d[n j to ! level ( ! ?9 plate ,p betwe5 ! bolt & ! fir/ tumbl] ,t4 ,! curta9-plug p is made z long z ! key-hole & r broad]1 & ( ! %ape repres5t$1 p>tly = ! sake ( /ead9ess 9 pu%+ 9 ! curta91 & also = m completely protect+ ! key-hole2 = if an attempt be made to pick ! lock by drill+ into ! key-hole1 ! drill w pass into ! inside ( ! door & n into ! inside ( ! lock4#aj #aj ,mr4 ,d5ison in=ms u t !re is a fur!r contrivance1 :i* he w expla9 privately to any p]sons :o wi% to manufacture ^! locks1 ( :i* ! object is1 n to add any ?+ to ! security ( ! lock "u ord9>y circum/ances1 b to provide aga9/ ! unusual case ( a v dext]\s ?ief hav+ occasional access to ! lock :5 op52 9 :i* case 7b = "s su* fur!r provision7 he might manage to con/ruct a false key capable ( op5+ ! lock at any o!r "t1 by a me?od :i*1 = obvi\s reasons1 x is n advisable to publi%4 ,x is true t iron safes h be5 made = "s ye>s 9 :i* any numb] ( l>ge bolts are %ot by a h&le & !n lock$ by a v small key4 ,b 9 su* locks ! key mu/ be us$ 9 lock+1 & ?is leads to c]ta9 objections1 viz4 ! key mu/ occasionally at lea/ be confid$ to "s p]son ^: duty x is to lock up ! safe aft] ! own] has left ! place2 !re is also ! temptation to leave ! key 9 ! lock1 s9ce x w be want$ 9 lock+ up2 & ?us !re is ! dang] ( "s di%one/ p]son tak+ an impression ( ! key4 ,besides ?is1 ! real /r5g? & security ( su* safes is only t due to ! small lock :i* locks into ! ma9 bolt2 :]eas 9 ,mr4 ,d5ison's lock ! security & /r5g? are ^? due to ! lock itself1 ) its l>ge & /rong tumbl]s1 & o!r provisions peculi> to its con/ruction2 & ! key = a lock ( ! l>ge/ size1 :i* 0 lately exhibit$ at ! ,society ( ,arts by ,messrs4 ,s4 ,mordan & ,co41 ! mak]s1 only weighs a little m ?an a qu>t] ( an ounce4 ,x may be m5tion$ t = l>ge locks ! key may be solid1 al?\gh 9 ! small ones x is m conv5i5t to h a pipe-key1 on acc\nt ( ! diff]5t con/ruction ( ! curta94 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #eb4 ,mr4 ,d5ison's small lock4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! small lock = draw]s1 c4 is some:at diff]5t f t ( ! l>ge ones1 & w be und]/ood by ref]r+ to fig4 #eb4 ,! action ( ! h&le ,h on ! bolt ,b & on ! tumbl]s ,t is suffici5tly cle> f ! figure4 ,! curta9 9 ?is case has no plug1 b is only a flat plate held up by a ?9 spr+ beh9d x1 & mov+ up & d[n on ! drill-p9 ( ! key1 & kept f turn+ by hav+ "o edge aga9/ ! side ( ! lock4 ,! bolt has a k9d ( second /ump1 only com+ up s high z to be able j to pass "u ! corn] ( ! curta9 :5 x is up1 b n able to pass :5 ! curta9 is at all press$ d[n by any ?+ ins]t$ 9 ! key-hole4 ,9 a draw] lock ! key has only to be turn$ a qu>t] r\nd 9 ord] to raise ! tumbl]s4 ,9 small locks1 ! friction ( ! tumbl]-plates is q en\gh to keep !m 9 any position1 )\t putt+ ! p9 9 ! middle s z to balance !m1 z 9 l>ge locks ) heavy tumbl]s4 ,9 ! mak+ ( ^! locks ! key mu/ be made fir/1 ) prop] provisions to prev5t ! repetition ( ! same patt]n2 a k9d ( patt]n or model = locks ( ea* size %\ld be made2 ! tumbl]s put on ! p9 ) plates ( ! int5d$ ?ickness betwe51 & :5 rais$ by ! key to ! prop] height !y %\ld be clamp$ d[n2 & ! jaws = ! /ump ( ! bolt may !n be cut by a circul> saw mov+ 9 a slit 9 ! model correspond+ to ! place ( ! /ump4 ,! tumbl]s = l>ge locks may be cut (f f a /rip ( hoop-iron to ! prop] l5g?s by a /amp+ cutt]1 giv+ !m ! prop] circul> end1 & a pun* might at ! same "t make ! p9-hole 9 ! middle4 ,! tumbl]s = small locks %\ld be /amp$ out ( %eet brass or iron4 ,x w ?us be evid5t t f ! g5]al simplicity ( con/ruction1 & ! small am\nt ( f9i% requir$ 9 ! work+ p>ts1 ?is lock c be made at small co/4 ,we may also add t ?is lock is z cr$itable to ! public _s z to ! me*anical skill ( ! inv5tor2 = ! lock is n pat5t$1 pat5ts be+1 9 ,mr4 ,d5ison's e/imation1 ob/ructions to ! progress ( sci5ce4 ,! next result ( ! 8lock controv]sy0 :i* we h to notice is ! production ( n less ?an ?ree improv$ locks by ,messrs4 ,*ubb4 ,we ?\ght x our duty to invite ! att5tion ( ?is celebrat$ firm to ! prep>ation ( ?is ,rudim5t>y ,treatise1 & 9 answ] to ! application ( our publi%] we receiv$ ! foll[+ communication f ,messrs4 ,*ubb1 :i* we ins]t v]batim3-- 8,x w n be necess>y to describe ! lock z orig9ally made1 z a description ( x w be f\nd 9 ,mr4 ,*ubb's pap] read be=e ! ,in/itution ( ,civil ,eng9e]s4 8,,lock ,,no4 #a4--,! fir/ ( ! improvem5ts introduc$ consi/s ( a b>rel1 to :i* a circul> curta9 is atta*$1 revolv+ r\nd ! drill-p9 9 ! lock2 s t if any in/rum5t is introduc$ to attempt to pick x1 ! curta9 imm$iately closes up ! key-hole1 & prev5ts ! introduction ( any auxili>y in/rum5ts1 !re be+ sev]al requir$ 9 action at once to produce any effect4 8,if by any means ^! sev]al in/rum5ts c be introduc$ simultane\sly1 ! b>rel keeps !m all conf9$ 9 a v small space1 prev5t+ _! expansion1 & r5d]s x impossible to "w !m indep5d5tly ( ea* o!r2 !re=e !y are ( no avail1 be+ incapable ( act+ z m ?an a s+le pick1 :i* is p]fectly useless4 ,! b>rel & curta9 h ea* be5 previ\sly us$ sep>ately 9 locks1 b until pat5t$ by ,mr4 ,de la ,fons 9 #ahdf !y _h n be5 us$ 9 comb9ation4 ,nei!r ( !m1 us$ sep>ately1 is ( mu* use1 b :5 comb9$ !y af=d a v great security4 ,locks h be51 & /ill are %ewn1 conta9+ ei!r ! b>rel or curta9 s+ly1 & z ^! h be5 pick$1 x has be5 ass]t$ t ! improvem5t n[ introduc$ 9 ,*ubb's lock is equally insecure2 b a slight exam9ation ( ! diff]5ce 9 _! con/ruction w prove ! contr>y4 ,mr4 ,*ubb has pur*as$ ! pat5t-"r ( ?is "p ( ,mr4 ,de la ,fons' inv5tion1 & applies x to all 8 locks4 8,,lock ,,no4 #b4--,! next improvem5t1 rec5tly pat5t$ by ,mr4 ,*ubb1 is bas$ ^u ! assumption t !re may be a possibility ( ov]com+ ! security ( ! b>rel & curta9 z already describ$ 7al?\gh ?is assumption is n 9 ! slighte/ degree admitt$71 & consi/s 9 apply+ :at is call$ a #8tumbl]-bolt1' work+ on a h+e connect$ ) ! ma9 bolt4 ,! web ( ! key does n 9 any case t\* ! ma9 bolt 9 unlock+1 b acts only on ! tumbl]-bolt4 ,all ! tumbl]s mu/ fir/ be lift$1 ea* to its prop] position1 be=e ! tumbl]-bolt w act4 ,%\ld any pressure be appli$ to ei!r bolt be=e ! tumbl]s are all at _! exact position1 ! effect w\ld be to ?r[ ! bolts out ( ge>1 & ?us effectually to /op ! /ump ( ! ma9 bolt f pass+ ?r\gh ! racks ( ! tumbl]s4 ,none ( ! _m plans ( pick+ :i* h be5 sugge/$1 su* z smok$ key-blanks1 ?9 key-bits1 c41 w\ld be ( ! lea/ avail aga9/ a lock made on ?is pr9ciple4 ,diff]5t k9ds ( detectors may be appli$ to ^! locks4 ,x is submitt$ t ?is lock1 reta9+ all ! simplicity & durability :i* h di/+ui%$ ,*ubb's lock = s _m ye>s1 & comb9+ ) !m ^! important improvem5ts1 af=ds a complete security aga9/ all surreptiti\s attempts ( any nature4 ,locks on ! same pr9ciple are be+ made on ! p]mutation plan1 ) any numb] ( tumbl]s1 & any numb] ( *anges 9 comb9ation t may be desir$4 8,x has be5 sugge/$ t ! #8detector1' in/ead ( giv+ additional security to ,*ubb's lock1 af=ds a p>tial guidance to a p]son attempt+ to pick x4 ,?is objection holds good to a c]ta9 ext5t 9 ^! locks z orig9ally made1 9 :i* all ! tumbl]s _h an equal be>+ aga9/ ! detector-/ump2 b 9 ! locks z n[ con/ruct$ ?is objection is entirely obviat$1 by giv+ ! tumbl]s an unequal be>+1 :]eby1 if an op]ator feels ! ob/ruction ( ! detector-/ump1 he _c tell :e!r ! tumbl] :i* he is lift+ is rais$ too high1 or n high en\gh4 8,,lock ,,no4 #c4--;,= banks1 ,mr4 ,*ubb has introduc$ :at he p>ticul>ly calls 8 #8bank lock4' ,x conta9s a b>rel ) a s]ies ( curta9s4 ,:ile ! key-hole is op51 all access to ! tumbl]s f ! key-hole is completely cut (f by two slid+ pieces ( solid metal1 :i* fit closely on ei!r side ( ! b>rel4 ,^! pieces are act$ ^u by an ecc5tric motion1 s t :5 ! key is appli$ to ! lock1 & turn$ 9 x1 ! key-hole is %ut up by ! revolution ( ! curta9s1 & !n only d ! slid+ pieces ( metal move aside to all[ ! key to act ^u ! tumbl]s4 ,^! pieces return to _! position :5 ! key has pass$2 !re=e1 :ile ! key is lift+ ! tumbl]s1 all communication is cut (f f ! ext]ior ( ! lock by ^! slid+ pieces & ! s]ies ( curta9s4 ,! bolt is made 9 two pieces1 ! ma9 bolt nev] be+ 9 contact ) ! key1 :i* acts only on ! talon-bolt1 & by x transmits ! motion to ! ma9 bolt4 ,aft] ! action ( lock+1 ! talon-bolt is p>tly repell$1 & a lev] or #8dog' connect$ ) x locks into a s]ies ( comb9ations arrang$ ^u ! front p>ts ( ! tumbl]s1 & holds !m securely d[n1 s t none ( !m c be lift$ 9 ! lea/ degree until ! talon-bolt is ?r[n =w>d to release !m1 ,if1 !re=e1 any pressure be appli$ to ?is talon-bolt1 to endeav\r by its help to asc]ta9 ! comb9ations ( ! tumbl]s1 x w only ! m tightly lock !m d[n1 & r5d] ! attempt ineffectual4 ,by ano!r contrivance x is r5d]$ impracticable to move a pick or picks r\nd 9 ! lock m ?an a small di/ance1 unless ! tumbl]s c\ld previ\sly be all lift$ to _! "r positions1 :i* c only be done by ! "r key4 ,%\ld "o or m ( ! tumbl]s be surreptiti\sly rais$ by any possible means1 !y _c be deta9$ 9 ?is uplift$ position1 = ! action ( turn+ back ! pick to try to raise ano!r tumbl] sets 9 motion a lev] :i* all[s ! tumbl]s already rais$ to drop to _! =m] position1 leav+ ! op]ator j z f> f ! atta9m5t ( 8 object z at ! outset40 ,su* is ! /atem5t ) :i* ,messrs4 ,*ubb h fav\r$ u respect+ _! ?ree new locks4 ,we are will+ to admit ! ent]pris+ _s :i* has l$ to _! production1 & ! +5uity :i* has be5 be/[$ on _! con/ruction2 b :e!r !y m>k a /ep 9 advance 9 ! art ( lock-mak+ may p]haps admit ( d\bt4 ,) respect to ! lock ,no4 #a1 we w\ld rem>k1 t locks ) ! b>rel & curta9 comb9$ 7 made by ,mr4 ,aub9 ( ,wolv]hampton 9 #ahcc1 & t a specim5 ( su* a lock 0 exhibit$ on 8 /& ( locks 9 ! ,great ,exhibition4 ,locks ) ! comb9$ b>rel & curta9 7 also made & sold by ,mr4 ,jones ( ,new>k1 ,n4,j41 z /at$ at p4 #ajd4 ,) respect to ! lock ,no4 #b1 ! object ( ! tumbl]-bolt is evid5tly int5d$ to produce ! same effect z ! movable /ump 9 ,mr4 ,hobbs's protector-lock1 fig4 #dg1 page #ajj2 b ) great] complexity 9 ! con/ruction1 !re is less effici5cy 9 ! action ( ?is "p ( ,mr4 ,*ubb's lock z comp>$ ) t ( ,mr4 ,hobbs1 inasmu* z a pressure ( ! /ump aga9/ ! tumbl]s1 correspond+ ) ! /r5g? ( ! spr+ :i* holds ! bolt 9 its place1 c always be produc$1 !reby giv+ friction1 & af=d+ indication z to :i* tumbl] x is t is 9 tight contact ) ! /ump4 ,) respect to ! b>rel & curta9s ( lock ,no4 #c1 & all simil> contrivances1 ! object ( :i* is said to be to prev5t ! entrance into ! key-hole ( all in/rum5ts except ! prop] key1 we w\ld (f] ! self-evid5t rem>k1 t ! same ap]ture :i* admits ! key w also admit "s o!r in/rum5t4 ,9 ! case ( ,mr4 ,*ubb's 8bank-lock10 x may be que/ion$ :e!r ! revolv+ curta91 c4 give x any advantage ov] ! o!r locks already ref]r$ to :i* are furni%$ ) simil> contrivances4 ,! effect ( ! talon-bolt 9 ?is lock appe>s to be ! same z t ( ! false not*es1 namely1 to hold ! tumbl]s 9 ! position 9 :i* !y 7 plac$ :5 ! pressure 0 appli$4 ,h5ce1 a pressure appli$ to ! talon-bolt affects ! p>ts :i* come 9 contact ) ! key 9 ! act ( lock+ & unlock+2 & ?is circum/ance br+s ! lock "u ! application ( ! pr9ciple /at$ at page #ii1 & ?us1 if ?is pr9ciple be admitt$1 may r5d] ! security ( ! lock some:at que/ionable4 ,v>i\s o!r locks h be5 br\ght out s9ce ! date ( ! 8lock controv]sy0 9 ! ye> #ahea4 ,we w\ld gladly notice !m all1 did !y %ew novelty ( design & m>k an advance 9 ! art ( ! locksmi?4 ,we mu/1 h[ev]1 admire ! +5uity ) :i* ,mr4 ,hobbs's movable /ump has be5 m or less adopt$2 b 9 ! attempts to imitate x ! objection has n be5 remov$1 t x is possible to produce on ! tumbl]s a pressure or friction equal to ! /r5g? ( ! spr+ :i* holds ! tumbl]s d[n4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a lock :i* has lately be5 introduc$ to ! public1 :i* calls = special notice1 on acc\nt ( ! high hon\rs :i* h be5 be/[$ ^u x4 ,we ref] to ! prize lock ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 ,london1 ! inv5tion ( ,mr4 ,h4 ,j4 ,saxby ( ,%e]ness1 :o has receiv$ ! ,society's m$al & ! sum ( t5 gu9eas z ! rew>d ( 8 +5uity4 ,! int]ior ( ?is lock consi/s ( a cyl9d] ) f\r p9s or slides radiat+ f ! c5tre1 & press$ into ! key-hole by means ( spiral spr+s4 ,! p9s project beyond ! p]iph]y ( ! :eel or cyl9d]1 & into slots 9 a r+ :i* is affix$ to ! case ( ! lock1 !reby prev5t+ ! cyl9d] f be+ turn$4 ,on ea* p9 is a not*1 s plac$ t :5 ! prop] key is ins]t$ into ! key-hole1 ! not*es on ! sev]al p9s w be br\ght into a position su* z w all[ ! cyl9d] to turn4 ,! turn+ ( ! cyl9d] 9 ?is1 z 9 ! ,bramah lock1 %oots ! bolt4 ,a lock on precisely ! same pr9ciple1 b m secure 9 its con/ruction1 0 describ$ by ,mr4 ,hobbs 9 a pap] read by him be=e ! ,society ( ,arts 9 ,janu>y #aheb1 :5 diagrams illu/rative ( ! same 7 exhibit$4 ,?is pap] 0 n report$ at any l5g? 9 ! j\rnal ( ! ,society's proce$+s2 b ! same pap] 0 read by ,mr4 ,hobbs1 ,m>* #a1 #aheb1 be=e ! ,liv]pool ,polyte*nic ,society1 & a full report !re(1 & a description ( ! lock 9 "q1 is giv5 9 ! 8,transactions0 ( t ,society1 f ,septemb] #ahdi to ,decemb] #aheb 7#hvo1 ,liv]pool1 #ahec74 ,?is lock is no o!r ?an ! ,yale lock already notic$ at page #hc1 & is ?us describ$ at page #aif ( ! 8,transactions30 8,ano!r description ( cyl9d]-lock 0 inv5t$1 a few ye>s s9ce1 by a ,mr4 ,yale ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 ,u4,s4,a4 8,! ,yale lock has two cyl9d]s1 "o work+ )9 ! o!r2 & !y are held toge!r by a s]ies ( p9s rea*+ ?r\gh ! cyl9d]s into ! key-hole1 :i* is 9 ! c5tre4 ,on ! back ( ! inn] cyl9d] is a p9 t fits into a slot 9 ! bolt1 & moves x z ! cyl9d] is turn$4 ,! p9s t hold ! cyl9d]s toge!r & prev5t ! inn] "o f turn+1 are cut 9 two at diff]5t l5g?s4 ,! key is s made1 t by ins]t+ x into ! key-hole ! p9s are mov$1 s t ! jo9t 9 ! p9s meets ! jo9t betwe5 ! cyl9d]s1 & all[s ! inn] "o to be turn$4 ,b1 z ) ! slides ( ! ,bramah lock1 %\ld any "o ( ! p9s be pu%$ too f>1 ! cyl9d] is held q z firmly z ?\gh x _h n be5 t\*$4 ,"s ( ^! locks h be5 made ) z _m z =ty p9s2 & to a p]son unacqua9t$ ) ! pr9ciples on :i* locks are pick$1 !y w\ld seem to pres5t an insurm\ntable b>ri]4 8,figure #aaa repres5ts ! case ( ! lock conta9+ ! bolt ,a1 hav+ a groove ,b1 to receive ! p9 ,c on ! cyl9d]4 ,figure #b %ews ! cap or top-plate ( ! lock1 & ! cyl9d]s2 ,d ,d is ! out] cyl9d]1 t is /ation>y1 be+ fa/5$ to ! plate2 ,e ,e ! inn] or mov+ cyl9d]2 ,f ,f ! f\r r[s ( p9s1 be+ cut 9 two at diff]5t l5g?s1 & rea*+ ?r\gh ! cyl9d]s into ! key-hole2 ,g ,g are ! spr+s t press ! p9s to _! places2 ,c ! p9 t fits into ! groove & moves ! bolt4 ,figure #c is an end view ( ! key1 %ew+ f\r grooves4 ,figure #d is a side view1 %ew+ ! irregul> surface ( ! grooves by :i* ! p9s are adju/$4 #aa ,?is & ! foll[+ figures ref] to ! diagrams exhibit$ by ,mr4 ,hobbs4 8,= ! purpose ( pick+ ! lock1 an in/rum5t is made t w fit betwe5 two ( ! p9s2 to t is atta*$ a lev] & weight1 !reby gett+ a pressure on ! cyl9d] & caus+ ! p9s to b9d2 !n ) ano!r in/rum5t ! p9s are felt1 & z !y are f\nd to b9d1 !y are press$ 9 until !y are reliev$ 7z !y w be :5 ! jo9t comes to ! "r place71 !reby easily op5+ ! lock4 ,!re is a great simil>ity 9 ! op]ation & security ( ?is & ! lock manufactur$ by ,mr4 ,cott]ill ( ,birm+ham40 ,9 ! ,society ( ,arts ,j\rnal = ! #bd? ,june1 #ahec1 is a lett] f ,mr4 ,hobbs on ! subject ( ! prize lock1 :i*1 x appe>s1 he pick$1 89 ! pres5ce ( p>ties connect$ ) ! ,society1 9 ! %ort space ( ?ree m9utes40 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,! ,,lock ,,& ,,key ,,manufacture4 ,! manufacture ( locks & keys1 consid]$ z a dep>tm5t ( work+ 9 iron1 is "o t requires1 & inde$ admits (1 v little description4 ,! hamm]1 ! file1 ! drill1 ! fly-press1 are ! *ief in/rum5ts employ$2 ! iron itself be+ br\ght to some?+ l ! desir$ /ate & =m by roll+ or ca/+1 or bo?4 ,b ! manufacture is int]e/+ 9 its social features--9 its relation to ! p]sons employ$ & ! build+s occupi$4 ,"o by "o1 sev]al dep>tm5ts ( indu/ry h progress$ f ! h&icraft to ! factory sy/em--f t sy/em 9 :i* a man & a few appr5tices "w 9 a small %op 9 ! lockmak]'s g>ret or kit*51 to t 9 :i* organisation is ma9ta9$ among tw5ty or fifty or a hundr$ m54 ,locks h sc>cely yet pass$ out ( ! fir/ /age1 b !re is no good reason :atev] :y !y %\ld s rema92 !re are z _m reasons = progress 9 ?is z 9 o!r arts1 & indications are n want+ t "s su* progress w be made4 ,s f> z ,engl& is conc]n$1 ! neighb\rhood ( ,wolv]hampton is ! great /oreh\se :5ce locks are obta9$4 ,em95t lock-mak]s reside 9 ,london & 9 o!r pr9cipal t[ns2 b ,wolv]hampton is reg>d$ by all z ! c5tre ( ! trade4 ,?is is n a mod]n localisation1 = we h in=mation respect+ ! locks ( ,wolv]hampton a c5tury & a qu>t] ago4 ,among ! ,h>leian ,manuscripts is an acc\nt ( 8,! ,voyage ( ,don ,manuel ,gonzales 7late m]*ant71 ( ! ,city ( ,lisbon 9 ,portugal1 to ,great ,brita93 conta9+ an ,hi/orical1 ,geographical1 ,topographical1 ,political1 & ,ecclesia/ical ,acc\nt ( ,engl& & ,scotl&2 ) a ,curi\s ,collection ( ?+s p>ticul>ly r>e1 bo? 9 ,nature & ,antiquity40 ,?is ,ms4 appe>s to h be5 writt5 ab\t #agcb2 x 0 translat$ f ! ,portuguese1 & pr9t$ 9 ,p9k]ton's ,collection ( ,voyages & ,travels4 ,) ref]5ce to ,wolv]hampton1 ,gonzales says3 8,! *ief manufactur]s ( ?is t[n are locksmi?s1 :o are reckon$ ! mo/ exp]t ( t trade 9 ,engl&4 ,!y are s curi\s 9 ?is art1 t !y c contrive a lock s t if a s]vant be s5t into ! closet ) ! ma/]-key1 or _! own1 x w %ew h[ _m times t s]vant ha? gone 9 at any di/ance ( "t1 & h[ _m times ! lock has be5 %ot = a :ole ye>2 "s ( !m be+ made to discov] five hundr$ or a ?\s& times4 ,we are in=m$ also t a v f9e lock 0 made 9 ?is t[n1 sold = #bjl41 :i* _h a set ( *imes 9 x t w\ld g at any h\r ! own] %\ld ?9k fit40 ,if ,gonzales 7 correct 9 ^! descriptions1 !y indicate an ex]cise ( consid]able +5uity 9 lock-con/ruction1 especially 9 ref]5ce to ! lock :i* keeps a regi/ry ( ! numb] ( times x has be5 op5$4 ,!re is abundant evid5ce t ! old lock-mak]s 7 v fond ( ^! knick-knack locks1 :i* w\ld d all sorts ( /range & unexpect$ ?+s2 & ?is may 9 "p acc\nt = ! great fav\r 9 :i* locks h be5 held by amateur ma*9i/s4 ,! lock-manufacture 9 ,s\? ,/af=d%ire is ( a rem>kable "*1 compris$ z x is )9 s small an area4 ,al?\gh ,wolv]hampton is kn[n comm]cially z ! *ief dept ( ! ,engli% lock trade1 yet x is at ,will5hall1 ?ree or f\r miles ea/w>d ( t t[n1 t ! actual manufacture is *iefly c>ri$ on4 ,:5 ! ,commission 0 appo9t$ a few ye>s ago to inquire into ! condition ( *ildr5 employ$ 9 trades & manufactures1 ,mr4 ,r4 ,h4 ,horne 0 deput$ to exam9e ! ,wolv]hampton di/rict2 & 8 report is too curi\s1 & too closely connect$ ) our pres5t subject1 to be pass$ unnotic$4 ,we "h give an ab/ract ( su* p>ts ( 8 report z be> ref]5ce to ! lock-mak]s ( ,will5hall4 ,almo/ ! entire indu/ry ( ,will5hall is 9 ! ?ree articles ( currycombs1 locks & keys1 & articles connect$ incid5tally ) locks1 su* z bolts & lat*es4 ,at ! "t ,mr4 ,horne wrote1 9 #ahda1 !re 7 among ! ma/] manufactur]s #bfh locksmi?s1 #gf key-mak]s1 #ad bolt-mak]s1 & #ac lat*-mak]s2 besides _m small ma/]s liv+ 9 su* out-(-!-way corn]s t !y escap$ enum]ation4 ,9 ! ,po/-,(fice ,directory ( t di/rict1 ( lat] date1 !re are entries ( r a curi\s "*4 ,9 ! fir/ place x is obs]vable t diff]5t k9ds ( locks are made by diff]5t p]sons1 ea* manufactur] conf9+ 8 op]ations app>5tly to "o k9d ( lock2 "o is a rim-lock mak]1 ano!r a trunk-lock mak]1 a ?ird a cab9et-lock mak]1 a f\r? a padlock mak]1 a fif? a mortice-lock mak]1 & s on4 ,b a mu* m s+ul> feature is1 t lock-mak+ is comb9$ ) retail deal+ ( a totally diff]5t k9d2 ?us among ! occupations put d[n opposite ! names ( individuals are1 8key-/amp] & be]-retail]10 8door-lock mak] & be]-retail]10 8groc] & trunk-lock mak]10 8,malt-,%ovel tav]n-keep] & rim-lock mak]10 8lock-mak] & provision-deal]10 8groc] & key-mak]10 8cab9et-lock mak] & ,woolpack tav]n10 8key-/amp] & regi/r> ( bir?s1 c410 8,hope & ,an*or & cab9et-lock mak]10 8auctione] & locksmi?10 8rim-lock & v>ni% mak]10 & s =?4 ,x is probable t 9 "s ( ^! cases ! wife att5ds to ! retail %op1 :ile ! husb& att5ds to ! work%op4 ,among all ! lock-manufactur]s ( ! t[n !re are sc>cely half a doz5 9 :at may be t]m$ a l>ge way ( bus9ess2 !re are _m :o employ f five to fifte5 pairs ( h&s1 b ! great majority are small ma/]s :o are !mselves work+ me*anics1 & are aid$ by appr5tices f "o to f\r 9 numb]1 p]haps two on an av]age4 ,mr4 ,horne ?9ks t !re 7 n few] ?an a ?\s& boys at "w 9 ! t[n1 *iefly ^u locks & keys4 ,! *ildr5 & "y p]sons are employ$ at all ages1 f sev5 up to manhood2 f ! e>lie/ age1 inde$1 9 :i* !y are able to hold a file4 ,x is a *>act]i/ic fact1 :]e s _m ( ! male inhabitants are employ$ at ! b5* f su* e>ly ye>s1 t a c]ta9 di/ortion ( figure is obs]vable2 ! "r %\ld]-blade becomes displac$ & projects1 & ! "r leg crooks & b5ds inw>ds at ! knee1 l ! lett] ,k1--x is ! leg :i* is h9d]mo/ 9 /&+ at ! vice4 ,! "r h& also has frequ5tly a m>k$ di/ortion4 8,almo/ e ?+ x holds takes ! position ( ! file4 ,if ! poor man c>ries a limp lettuce or a limp] mack>el f ,wolv]hampton m>ket1 !y are nev] dangl$1 b always held l ! file4 ,if he c>ry no?+1 8 "r h& is 9 j ! same position40 ,! h\rs ( lab\r among ! small ma/]s are sc>cely br\ght )9 any sy/em at all2 = all ! "w is piecework1 n paid = by ! day or h\r2 & ea* man works z long z he likes1 or z long z 8 bus9ess impels him4 ,"s w file away f f\r or five 9 ! morn+ till elev5 or twelve at night4 ,9 ! l>g] %ops1 :]e !re are _m h&s employ$1 !y come to "w :5 !y l1 leave :5 !y l1 & d z mu* "w z !y l :5 !re2 ?is fre$om ( action be+ spread ov] a work+-day ( p]haps sixte5 h\rs4 ,! ma/]s say t ! m5 pref] ?is sy/em1 or want ( sy/em1 to any ?+ m precise & regul>4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! week !re is (t5 mu* idl5ess & holiday-keep+2 & ! ,will5hall m5 make up = ?is by a day ( sixte51 eighte51 or ev5 tw5ty h\rs' "w t[>ds ! end ( ! week4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! week1 m5 & boys h def9$ h\rs & def9ite p]iods = meals2 b t[>ds ! end ( ! week1 :5 hurry & drive are ! ord] ( ! day1 !y eat _! meals :ile at "w1 & bolt _! victuals /&+4 8,y see a locksmi? & 8 two appr5tices1 ) a plate be=e ea* ( !m1 heap$ up 7at ! be/ ( times1 :5 !y c get su* ?+s7 ) potatoes & lumps ( some?+ or o!r1 b seldom meat1 & a l>ge slice ( bread 9 "o h&2 y\r att5tion is call$ (f = two m9utes1 & on turn+ r\nd aga91 y see ! man & boys fil+ at ! vice40 ,9 ! processes z c>ri$ on at ,will5hall1 !y are appli$ *iefly to ! manufacture ( mortice1 box1 trunk1 rim1 cab9et1 case1 bright1 dead1 closet1 & padlocks4 ,except "s ( ! p>ts ( ! brass-"w1 :i* are ca/1 ^! locks are made by =g+1 press+1 & fil+4 ,! =g+ is a light k9d ( smi?'s "w1 aid$ by a light hamm] & a small pair ( bell[s2 *ildr5 & "y p]sons are l>gely employ$ 9 ?is process4 ,press+ is a k9d ( "w by :i* c]ta9 p>ts ( ! lock are press$ or /amp$ out4 ,! presses are ( v>i\s sizes1 b all require mu* /r5g? to "w !m2 ! press has a horizontal lev]1 cross+ ! top ( a v]tical screw1 & !re is g5]ally an iron weight at ! end ( ea* arm or half ( ! lev] to increase ! p[]2 "o ( ! lev] arms is grasp$ 9 ! "r h& ( ! press]1 & :irl$ r\nd ) a j]k2 :ile ! f+]s ( ! left h& place ! metal 9 its prop] position1 & remove x :5 x has be5 /amp$ or press$4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 a die or cutt] atta*$ to ! press1 to cut ! metal 9 ! prop] =m4 ,sometimes ! press has only "o arm to ! lev]1 & no weight at ! end ( ?is1 s t ! lab\r ( work+ is mu* increas$4 ,*ildr5 & y\?s are employ$ at ?is process1 s f> z _! /r5g? w admit4 ,! la/ process1 fil+1 is t by :i* ! sep>ate pieces are %ap$ & smoo!d = adju/m5t 9 _! prop] places2 "h *ildr5 & y\?s are almo/ exclusively employ$2 !y /& ^u blocks s z to be able to rea* ! vice1 & !n "w away ) ! file1 unreliev$ by any *ange 9 ! nature ( ! process4 ,9 key-mak+ ! processes may be said to comprise =g+1 /amp+1 pi]c+1 & fil+4 ,! =g+ diff]s v little f t requir$ 9 mak+ ! pieces = a lock4 ,! /amp+ is effect$ by plac+ ! end ( an iron wire1 tak5 r$-hot f ! =ge1 into "o half ( a key-m\ld made 9 a block or k9d ( anvil2 a heavy weight is !n rais$ betwe5 an upright framework1 9 ! grooves ( :i* x runs by means ( a cord2 ! cord is drawn by bo? h&s1 ) ! assi/ance ( "o foot 9 a /irrup atta*$ to ! end ( ! cord2 at ! bottom ( ! weight ?us rais$ is ! o!r half ( ! key-m\ld4 ,su* be+ ! nature ( ! /amp+ app>atus1 ! process is ?us conduct$3 ! foot 9 ! /irrup be+ sudd5ly rais$1 & ! cord loos$1 ! weight falls ^u ! r$-hot wire1 & ! bl[ /amps x into ! two m\lds or half-m\lds1 :i* are br\ght accurately toge!r by means ( ! slides or side-grooves 9 ! framework4 ,! r\gh key is also trimm$ & cle>$ by ! press+ app>atus2 t is1 ! surplus metal all r\nd is cut (f by a s+le bl[2 & ! metal :i* fills up ! r+ or h&le ( ! key is cut or press$ out 9 ! same way4 ,?is is a heavy "p ( ! key-"w1 = :i* ! lab\r ( m5 r ?an t ( boys is requir$4 ,! process ( pi]c+ ! key consi/s 9 mak+ ! pipe or b>rel1 requir$ = mo/ keys1 except ^? :i* are int5d$ to op5 a lock = bo? sides2 ! pipe is drill$ by a small ma*9e work$ ) ! foot l a la!2 x is a process requir+ m skill ?an /r5g?1 relatively to o!r p>ts ( ! manufacture4 ,! fil+ ( a key is important2 = n only is ! :ole key made bright1 b ! w>ds are cut by ! file & *isel4 ,boys & y\?s are employ$ 9 fil+ ! common keys2 b ^? ( bett] quality are entru/$ to m54 ,! appr5tice%ip sy/em is c>ri$ on to a rem>kable ext5t among ! lock & key mak]s ( ,will5hall4 ,! small ma/]s take appr5tices at any age at :i* !y c "w4 ,"s ( !m employ only appr5tices1 nev] pay+ wages = j\rneym51 b always tak+ on a new appr5tice z soon z a =m] "o is out ( 8 "t4 ,! boys are mo/ly procur$ f o!r t[ns1 & !y br+ ) !m a small appr5tice%ip-fee & a suit or two ( clo!s4 ,!y are b\nd to ! ma/]s by legal ind5ture or contract2 & ! ma/]s bo>d & lodge & clo! !m dur+ _! appr5tice%ip4 ,"o consequ5ce ( ?is sy/em is1 t :5 ! appr5tice has s]v$ 8 "t1 he is almo/ driv5 to become a small ma/] himself f want ( employm5t z a j\rneyman2 & he !n takes appr5tices z 8 ma/] did be=e him4 ,?is acc\nts = ! fact t 9 ,will5hall !re are few l>ge manufactur]s & few j\rneym52 :ile !re is a con/antly-increas+ numb] ( small ma/]s & ( appr5tices4 ,! ,will5hall mak]s ne>ly all look to ! ,wolv]hampton factors or deal]s = a m>ket = _! w>es--s f> at lea/ z conc]ns locks & keys2 !re are "s o!r articles :i* !y sell m frequ5tly to ,birm+ham h\ses4 ,! ma/] & an appr5tice1 or p]haps two1 g5]ally trudge (f to ,wolv]hampton on a ,saturday1 be>+ ! /ock ( locks :i* he may h to sell2 & ! money receipts = ! locks or keys sold are usually 9 "p sp5t at ! l>ge m>ket ( ,wolv]hampton previ\s to ! homew>d j\rney4 ,! ,will5hall m5 take contracts at s l[ a price z to prev5t ! competition ( o!r places2 x is /at$1 t :atev] be prices else:]e1 no?+ c come bel[ ! ,will5hall prices = *eap locks4 ,! m5 "w h>d = small returns1 & yet !y h a /rong ye>n+ = _! own t[n4 ,a ,will5hall girl w seldom m>ry except to a t[nsman2 & ?us !y int]m>ry to an ext5t :i* ma9ta9s _! *>act]i/ics z a peculi> community4 ,z an example ( _! dis9cl9ation to leave _! own t[n1 ,mr4 ,horne /ates ! foll[+ circum/ance3 8,"s ye>s ago a factor1 :o _h project$ a manufactory 9 ,brussels1 engag$ "s five-&-tw5ty ,will5hall m51 :om he 0 at ! exp5se ( tak+ ov]4 ,he gave !m all "w1 & f h>d-e>n$ wages ( f #is4 to #aes4 a-week1 ^! #8practis$ h&s' f\nd !mselves able to e>n #cl4 a-week & upw>ds4 ,b !y 7 n satisfi$1 & began to feel uncom=table2 fir/ "o left1 & return$ home2 !n ano!r2 !n "o or two2 till1 9 ! c\rse ( a few weeks1 e man _h return$ to ,will5hall0--!re to "w h>d] & e>n less4 ,x is j possible t ! application ( ! factory sy/em to lock-mak+ may fir/ become important by mak+ ! be/ locks *eap] ?an !y c be made by ! h&icraft me?od2 = !re seems n mu* probability1 at lea/ = a great l5g? ( "t to come1 t any new sy/em w be able to compete ) ,will5hall 9 ! common locks--^? ( :i* m ?\s&s are sold ?an !re are t5s ( ! bett] locks4 ,9 ?is1 h[ev]1 x w\ld n d to pr$ict ra%ly4 ,h&-loom weav+ is *eap en\gh1 un=tunately = ^? :o practise x2 b yet ! factory sy/em comes d[n z l[ z ! l[e/ h&-loom weav+4 ,! editor ( ,heb]t's ,encyclopdia1 aft] notic+ ! facilities = op5+ mo/ locks by copy+ ! key1 makes ! foll[+ ann\ncem5t3 8,x af=ds ! editor ( ?is "w mu* satisfaction to /ate1 t he has 9 8 possession a lock1 ! key ( :i* _c be copi$1 a locksmi? possess+ no tools by :i* an exactly simil> "o c be made2 ! ma*9e by :i* ! orig9al "o 0 made is s arrang$ z to be depriv$ ( ! p[] ( produc+ ano!r l x4 ,! lock is v simple1 v /rong1 & c be v *eaply made4 ,! co/ ( a complete ma*9e to make !m w\ld be ab\t #ajjl42 ) t !y might be manufactur$ at "o-half ! exp5se ( any pat5t lock4 ,! inv5tor is desir\s to h ! subject br\ght be=e ! public "u a pat5t2 b want ( "t to devote himself to su* an object at pres5t obliges him to lay x aside40 ,! inv5tion n be+ pat5t$1 ! editor ( c\rse gave no diagram or engrav+ ( ! lock or ma*9e2 nor does !re appe> to h be5 a pat5t obta9$ dur+ ! sixte5 or eighte5 ye>s :i* h elaps$ s9ce ! above notice 0 publi%$4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 me*anical pr9ciples suffici5tly well kn[n to lead to a belief t su* a ma*9e is practicable2 a ticket-pr9t+ or numb]+ ma*9e w1 9 pr9t+ #ajj1jjj tickets1 produce su* v>iations t no two impressions %all be id5tical2 & a key-mak+ ma*9e might1 aft] fa%ion+ a p>ticul> "p ( ea* key1 modify ! arrangem5t ( c]ta9 :eels & p9ions s f> z to produce a slightly diff]5t result :5 ! next key is to be op]at$ on4 ,9 ! manufacture ( locks & keys g5]ally1 !re is no reason :y ! factory sy/em %\ld n1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 be applicable4 ,by ?is w be und]/ood1 ! production ( simil> p>ts by tools or ma*9es1 graduat$ 9 respect to ea* o!r ) m c>e ?an c be done by ! h& me?od4 ,if we suppose t a lock ( p>ticul> con/ruction comprises tw5ty screws & small pieces ( metal1 & t !re are requir$1 = g5]al disposal 9 ! m>ket1 five sizes ( su* a lock2 !re w\ld ?us be a hundr$ pieces ( metal requir$ = ! s]ies1 ea* "o diff]+1 ei!r 9 %ape or size1 f e "o ( ! o!rs4 ,n[1 on ! factory or manufactur+ sy/em1 z comp>$ ) ! h&icraft sy/em1 =g+1 draw+1 ca/+1 /amp+1 & pun*+1 w\ld sup]s$e mu* ( ! fil+2 ! drill+ ma*9e w\ld sup]s$e ! drill-/ock & b[1 & o!r ma*9es w\ld sup]s$e o!r h&-work$ tools4 ,?is w\ld be done--n m]ely because ! "w c\ld be accompli%$ m quickly or m *eaply--b because an accuracy ( adju/m5t w\ld be atta9$1 su* z no h&-"w c\ld equal1 unless x be su* special "w z w\ld comm& a high rate ( paym5t4 ,= any "o size 9 ! s]ies1 & any "o piece ( metal 9 ea* size ( lock1 a /&>d w\ld be obta9$ :i* c\ld be copi$ to any ext5t1 & all ! copies w\ld be l ea* o!r4 ,to pursue our illu/ration1 ! manufactur] might h a hundr$ boxes or draw]s1 & might supply ea* ) a hundr$ copies ( ! p>ticul> piece ( metal to :i* x is appropriat$1 all s exactly alike t any "o copy might be tak5 z well z any o!r4 ,t5 pieces1 "o f ea* ( t5 ( ^! boxes1 w\ld toge!r =m a lock2 t51 "o f ea* ( ano!r t5 boxes1 w\ld =m a second lock1 & s on2 & !re w\ld be1 9 ! :ole ( ! boxes1 mat]ials = a ?\s& locks ( "o con/ruction1 a hundr$ ( ea* size4 ,n[ ! advantage ( ! ma*9e or factory mode ( produc+ su* articles is ?is1 t !y c be made 9 l>ge numb]s at "o "t1 :5ev] ! /eam-eng9e is at "w2 & t :5 s made1 ! pieces are %ap$ s exactly alike1 ! screws h ?reads s id5tical1 & ! holes are bor$ s equal 9 diamet]1 t any "o ( a hundr$ copies w\ld act precisely l all ! o!rs1 !reby giv+ great advantages to ! m5 employ$ 9 putt+ ! lock toge!r4 ,^! pr9ciples are be+ appli$ by ,messrs4 ,hobbs & ,co4 9 _! ,london e/abli%m5t4 ,a numb] ( ma*9es1 work$ by /eam-p[]1 are employ$ 9 %ap+ ! sev]al pieces ( metal conta9$ 9 a lock2 & all ! sev]al pieces are deposit$ 9 labell$ comp>tm5ts1 "o to ea* k9d ( piece4 ,! ma*9es are employ$--9 "s cases to d co>se "w1 :i* !y c accompli% m quickly ?an x c be done by m52 & 9 o!r cases to d delicate "w1 :i* !y c accompli% m accurately ?an m52 b s f> is ?is f conv]t+ ! m5 into l[ly-paid automatons 7z "s might suppose71 t ! manufactur]s are bett] able to pay good wages = ! h&icraft lab\r necess>y 9 putt+ ! locks toge!r1 ?an = =m+ ! sep>ate p>ts by h&2 j z ! 8wat*mak]10 z he is call$1 :o puts ! sep>ate p>ts ( ! wat* toge!r1 is a bett]-paid me*anic ?an ! man :o is engag$ 9 fabricat+ any p>ticul> p>ts ( ! wat*4 ,x may be obs]v$ t ! sy/em ( manufactur+ on a l>ge scale1 by _m m5 engag$ 9 "o l>ge build+1 is m ne>ly univ]sal 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?an 9 ,engl&4 ,! work%op sy/em1 z pursu$ at ,will5hall by ! lock-mak]s1 is v little practis$ 9 ,am]ica4 ,be+ comp>atively a new community1 & be+ at lib]ty to select = imitation or = improvem5t :i*ev] ( ! usages or sy/ems 9 ! old c\ntry !y may pref]1 ! ,am]icans h pref]r$ to adopt ! factory sy/em r ?an ! work%op sy/em1 & to c>ry out ! =m] to an ext5t n yet equall$ 9 ,engl&--n yet equall$1 we mean1 9 ! numb] ( trades to :i* x is appli$4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,engli% ,,pat5ts ,,= ,,locks--,,aub9',s ,,lock ,,trophy4 ,we propose to conclude ?is small "w ) a few details respect+ ! v>i\s pat5t$ inv5tions 9 locks1 & conc]n+ ,mr4 ,aub9's rem>kable lock trophy4 ,^! two subjects relate to locks 9 g5]al1 r ?an to any specifi$ con/ructions 9 p>ticul>1 & c on t acc\nt m conv5i5tly be giv5 "h ?an 9 connexion ) any ( ! =ego+ *apt]s4 ,mr4 ,*ubb1 9 ! app5dix to 8 pap] on locks & keys read be=e ! ,in/itution ( ,civil ,eng9e]s1 gave a useful li/ ( all ! pat5ts tak5 out 9 ,engl& 9 relation to ?is subject1 d[n to ! ye> #ahdi4 ,we "h transcribe ?is li/3 ,li/ ( ,pat5ts = ,locks & ,lat*es grant$ s9ce ! ,e/abli%m5t ( ! ,pat5t ,laws4 8,z no complete li/ ( ! pat5ts grant$ = locks f ! "t ( ,james ,i4 has hi!rto be5 publi%$1 x is believ$ t ! foll[+ li/1 :i* has be5 v c>efully drawn up1 & :i* comprises all pat5ts f ! ye> #aggd1 :5 ! fir/ pat5t = a lock 0 grant$1 to ! pres5t "t1 w be f\nd useful z a ref]5ce = all :o are int]e/$ 9 ! subject4 #aggd,may #bg;,black1 ,george1 ,b]wick-on-,twe$4 ,b>ron1 ,rob]t1 ,london4 #aggh,may #bi,m>t91 ,jo%ua ,lov]1 ,fleet-/reet1 ,london4 #aggi,may #bh;,h5ry1 ,solomon1 ,s)9's-lane1 ,london4 #aghj,m>* #d;,campion1 ,j4 ,newca/le-c\rt1 ,/r&1 ,london4 #aghb;,janu>y #ah;,hut*9son1 ,samuel1 ,m>ylebone1 ,london4 #aghd ,bramah1 ,joseph1 ,piccadilly1 ,london4 #aghi;,july #g;,corn?waite1 ,?omas1 ,k5dal1 ,we/morel&4 #agij;,febru>y #bc,r[ntree1 ,?omas1 ,surrey-/reet1 ,blackfri>s1 ,london4 ,octob] #bi;,bird1 ,moses1 ,w>d\r-/reet1 ,london4 #agia;,july #ai;,f]ryman1 ,rev4 ,rob]t1 ,gl\ce/]4 ,novemb] #c;,antis1 ,john1 ,fulneck1 ne> ,le$s4 #agig,novemb] #ah,langton1 ,daniel4 #agih,may #c;,bramah1 ,joseph4 ,decemb] #h,turn]1 ,?omas4 #agii;,april #aa;,davis1 ,george4 #ahja;,febru>y #aj,scott1 ,ri*>d1 ,lieut4-,colonel4 ,june #bd;,holemb]g1 ,samuel1 ,london4 444 ,r\x1 ,alb]t1 ,switz]l&4 #ahje,may #ah,/ansbury1 ,abraham ,ogi]1 ,new ,york4 ,decemb] #bi,?ompson1 ,william1 ,birm+ham4 #ahae,m>* #g,mit*ell1 ,william1 ,glasg[2 & ,lawton1 ,john1 ,london4 #ahaf,may #ad,ruxton1 ,?omas1 ,esq41 ,dubl94 #ahag;,febru>y #h;,cl>k1 ,william1 ,esq41 ,ba?4 #ahah;,febru>y #c;,*ubb1 ,j]emiah1 ,portsea4 #ahai,octob] #ah,/rutt1 ,an?ony ,rad=d1 ,mack5ey4 #ahbj;,april #aa;,j5n+s1 ,h5ry ,con/ant9e1 ,esq41 ,middlesex4 ,decemb] #ad,mallett1 ,william1 ,dubl94 #ahbc;,july #aj;,fairbanks1 ,/eph51 ,middlesex4 ,novemb] #ac,w>d1 ,john1 ,middlesex4 #ahbd;,june #ae;,*ubb1 ,*>les1 ,portsea4 #ahbe,may #ad,"y1 ,john1 ,wolv]hampton4 #ahbh,may #ag;,*ubb1 ,*>les1 ,london4 #ahbi;,june #a;,gottlieb1 ,&rew1 ,middlesex4 #ahcj;,janu>y #ah;,c>p5t]1 ,james1 & ,"y1 ,john1 ,wolv]hampton4 ,janu>y #bf;,arnold1 ,john1 ,%effield4 #ahca;,april #ad,ru!r=d1 ,william1 ,j$burgh1 ,n4,b4 ,may #bc;,b>n>d1 ,george1 ,bri/ol4 ,july #bg,"y1 ,john1 ,wolv]hampton4 #ahcb;,decemb] #bj,p>sons1 ,?omas1 ,london4 #ahcc;,decemb] #c,p>sons1 ,t41 ,newport1 ,salop4 ,decemb] #bj;,*ubb1 ,*>les1 ,london2 & ,hunt]1 ,e41 ,wolv]hampton4 #ahcd,septemb] #f,longfield1 ,william1 ,otley4 ,octob] #aa;,audley1 ,"l ,b>on ,/af=d4 #ahce,m>* #ah;,hill1 ,r41 ,birm+ham4 ,decemb] #af,w>wick1 ,j41 ,london4 #ahcf;,febru>y #aj;,f5ton1 ,rev4 ,s41 ,pembroke4 #ahch;,june #cj,uzielli1 ,m41 ,london4 ,novemb] #ac,?ompson1 ,s41 ,london4 #ahci;,febru>y #ba,uzielli1 ,m41 ,london4 ,june #ab,s&]s1 ,j4 ,/af=d4 ,july #c;,co*rane1 ,a41 ,/r&1 ,london4 ,july #bj,s*wieso1 ,j4 ,c41 ,london4 ,augu/ #a,williams1 ,w4 ,m41 ,london4 ,decemb] #b;,gue/1 ,j41 jun41 ,birm+ham4 #ahdj;,febru>y #bg,williams1 ,w4 ,m41 ,london4 ,m>* #bj;,g]i%1 ,f4 ,w4 ,may #b,pe>se1 ,w41 ,hoxton1 ,middlesex4 ,june #ac,wolv]son1 ,j41 & ,rawlett1 ,w41 ,/af=d4 ,octob] #bb;,cl>k1 ,t4 ,decemb] #bc;,baillie1 ,b41 ,london4 #ahda,m>* #bi,tildesley & ,s&]s1 ,will5hall & ,wolv]hampton4 #ahda,may #f;,hancock1 ,james1 ,sidney-squ>e1 ,mile ,end4 ,july #ad;,b]ry1 ,miles1 ,*anc]y-lane4 ,septemb] #bh,/rong1 ,!odore ,fr$]ick1 ,goswell-road4 ,novemb] #i,smi?1 ,jesse1 ,wolv]hampton4 #ahdb;,janu>y #ae,poole1 ,moses1 ,l9coln's-inn4 ,may #bd;,duce1 ,joseph1 ,wolv]hampton4 ,june #a,williams1 ,w4 ,m41 #afc ,f5*ur*-/reet4 ,decemb] #bi,rock1 ,joseph1 jun41 ,birm+ham4 #ahdc,novemb] #be,tann1 ,e4 ,e4 & ,j41 ,hackney-road4 ,rock1 ,joseph1 jun41 ,birm+ham4 #ahdd;,july #cj;,flet*]1 ,rev4 ,william1 ,moreton ,h\se1 ,buck+ham4 #ahde;,april #ae;,c>t]1 ,george1 ,will5hall4 ,july #ab,ratcliff1 ,edmund1 ,birm+ham4 ,decemb] #d,poole1 ,moses1 ,l9coln's-inn4 ,decemb] #bb,smi?1 ,philip1 ,high-/reet1 ,lambe?4 #ahdf;,july #f;,de la ,fons1 ,john ,palm]1 ,c>leton-hill1 ,/4 ,john's ,wood4 ,july #ae,?omas1 ,william1 ,*eapside4 ,decemb] #ad;,*ubb1 ,john1 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d4 #ahdg;,janu>y #aa;,*ubb1 ,john1 & ,hunt]1 ,eb5ez]1 s541 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d4 ,april #ae;,collett1 ,*>les ,m9ors1 #fb ,*anc]y-lane4 #ahdh,septemb] #bh,newall1 ,rob]t ,/irl+1 ,gate%ead4 #ahdi,may #h,wilkes1 ,samuel1 ,w$nesbury-hea?1 ,wolv]hampton4 ,mr4 ,*ubb also gave a li/ ( su* pap]s m ! ,transactions ( ! ,society ( ,arts z ref] to locks & keys4 ,li/ ( ,ref]5ces to ! 8,transactions ( ! ,society ( ,arts10 on ! subject ( ,locks4 vol4 page4 #a4 #cag ,mr4 ,moore4 #b4 #ahg ,corn?waite4 #c4 #afj ,m>quis ( ,worce/]4 #afe ,mr4 ,taylor4 #afc ,m>%all4 #ah4 #bci ,t4 ,arkwright4 #bdc ,bullock4 #ai4 #bij ,w4 ,bullock4 #cf4 #aaa ,m4 ,som]=d4 #ch4 #aaa ,a4 ,a+]4 #bje ,bramah4 #db4 #abe ,j4 ,duce4 #dc4 #aad ,w4 ,fri5d4 #de4 #abc ,ma*94 #dh4 #acb ,s4 ,mordan4 #ej4 #hf ,a4 ,mack9non4 #ea4 #abh ,j4 ,meighan4 ,among ! mo/ curi\s me*anical productions 9 ! ,great ,exhibition ( #ahea1 0 "o :i* attract$ v little notice1 viz4 t =w>d$ by ,mr4 ,c4 ,aub9 ( ,wolv]hampton4 ,:e!r x 0 t att5tion1 s f> z reg>ds locks1 0 too mu* absorb$ by ! 8lock controv]sy10 or :e!r !re 0 a defici5cy ( descriptive catalogu+1 no juror or newspap] critic1 z f> z we are aw>e1 took notice ( ! production 9 "q4 ,9 ! ,(ficial ,illu/rat$ ,catalogue x is ent]$ simply z 8,specim5s to illu/rate ! rise & progress ( ! art ( mak+ locks1 conta9+ =ty-f\r diff]5t movem5ts by ! mo/ celebrat$ inv5tors 9 ! lock trade40 ,?is trophy ( lock +5uity 7= su* x may be ju/ly consid]$ to be7 is n[ 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,hobbs4 ,spr++ f a hexagonal base-piece is a c5tral axis1 ab\t ?ree feet 9 height1 support+ f\r horizontal circul> discs1 plac$ at diff]5t p>ts ( its height4 ,ea* ( ! v]tical faces ( ! base-piece conta9s a lock1 :i* is work$ by its respective key4 ,ea* disc conta9s a numb] ( locks3 #af on ! l[e/1 #ab on ! next above1 #i on ! ?ird 9 height1 :ile a ,bramah lock surm\nts ! :ole4 ,all ! locks on ! discs are s arrang$ t _! bolts %oot outw>ds1 or radially away f ! axis ( ! ma*9e4 ,e lock has its own prop] key ins]t$ 9 ! key-hole2 & z ! locks lie d[n horizontally1 ! %aft ( ea* key is ( c\rse v]tical4 ,!re are delicate pieces ( me*anism conta9$ )9 ! c5tral axis & )9 ! discs1 consi/+ ( lev]s1 racks1 & p9ions2 & ! ,bramah lock is contriv$ s +5i\sly1 t ! ,bramah key1 by act+ ^u t lock1 acts ^u all ?is me*anism4 ,! ,bramah b>rel1 9 rotat+ horizontally "u ! action ( its key1 gives a rot>y movem5t to a rod pass+ v]tically ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! :ole app>atus2 ?is rod1 at ! levels ( ! sev]al discs1 acts ^u racks & p9ions1 & ^! 9 turn act ^u ! key-p9s ( ! sev]al locks4 ,:51 !re=e1 ! ,bramah key is turn$1 ! :ole ( ^! key-p9s rotate1 ea* exactly 9 ! same way z if ! lock 7 be+ clos$ or op5$1 & ! bolts %oot 9 or out accord+ly4 ,! ,bramah key1 al?\gh x acts z a ma/]-key1 is n su* z usually obta9s t designation2 x is simply a means ( putt+ 9 action c]ta9 rack-&-p9ion me*anism1 :i* does n belong to lock-"w consid]$ p] se4 ,all ! locks are fai?ful repres5tatives ( ! sev]al pat5ts or modes ( con/ruction to :i* !y sev]ally ref]2 & ea* exhibits ! works suffici5tly op5 to display ! pr9ciple on :i* x is arrang$4 ,ea* lock is numb]$1 & is ref]r$ to 9 an accompany+ description4 ,! works are f9i%$ ) ! utmo/ c>e & poli%2 & ! trophy be+ some:at ta/efully arrang$1 & kept "u a glass %ade1 =ms a really elegant specim5 ( me*anical skill4 ,= an acc\nt ( ! locks !mselves :i* con/itute ?is trophy1 we _c d bett] ?an avail ourselves ( ! description giv5 9 ! article 8,lock0 9 ,toml9son's ,cyclopdia ( ,useful ,arts1 add+ a few fur!r details 9 respect to "s ( ! locks ( ! s]ies4 ,! locks are arrang$ & numb]$ accord+ to _! simil>ity ( con/ruction2 & x is in/ructive to rem>k ! evid5ce "h af=d$1 t _m pat5tees w\ld h sav$ mu* "t & money if !y _h bett] kn[n ! productions ( _! pr$ecessors4 ,9 describ+ ^! locks we %all d s briefly1 suffici5t to %ew _! relative pr9ciples ( con/ruction2 _m ( !m hav+ be5 describ$ m or less fully 9 =m] *apt]s4 ,no4 #a on ! li/ is call$ a ,roman lock2 x consi/s ( a s+le bolt1 ) a b9d]-spr+ = hold+ ! bolt 9 any position 9 :i* x may be plac$ until a suffici5t =ce is appli$ to ov]come x3 x embodies ! simple pr9ciple on :i* ?\s&s ( common locks are annually made4 ,no4 #b1 call$ a ,fr5* lock 7all su* designations are ( r d\btful correctness71 resembl+ ,no4 #a 9 e ?+ except hav+ ! addition ( a friction-roll]4 ,! bolt ( ei!r ( ^! two locks c easily be =c$ back by press+ on ! end4 ,no4 #c is m>k$ ,anci5t2 x is a bolt-lock1 & 0 f\nd 9 an anci5t build+4 ,x exhibits an improvem5t on bo? ! =m] specim5s1 9 s f> z ! bolt requires1 be=e x c be %ot1 to be press$ d[n1 9 ord] to release x f a cat* at ! back end ( ! bolt2 ?is release _c be effect$ )\t ! aid ( a key or "s o!r implem5t appli$ ?r\gh ! key-hole1 & ?us ! bolt answ]s ! purpose bo? ( bolt & tumbl]4 ,no4 #d1 also m>k$ ,anci5t1 is 9 pr9ciple a s+le-act+ tumbl]-lock2 t is1 "o 9 :i* ! tumbl] may fail to be lift$ high en\gh1 b _c be rais$ too high1 to release ! bolt3 :]eas a d\ble-act+ tumbl]1 be+ susceptible bo? ( too mu* & too little asc5t1 mu/ be rais$ to "o def9ite & precise height to atta9 ! requir$ object4 ,no4 #e1 an old ,engli% lock1 exhibits a great advance 9 pr9ciple1 be+ provid$ ) ! d\ble action j describ$ z be+ want+ 9 ,no4 #d4 ,no4 #f1 mod]n ,engli% 7no mak]'s "n71 is a s+le-act+ tumbl]-lock4 ,no4 #g1 by ,mace1 is a d\ble-act+ tumbl]1 b )\t exhibit+ any peculi>ities ( con/ruction4 ,no4 #h is ,som]=d's fir/ pat5t4 ,x is a d\ble-act+ draw tumbl]-lock2 t is1 !re is a tumbl] :i* is drawn d[n in/ead ( be+ lift$1 z 9 mo/ locks4 ,no4 #i1 designat$1 we "k n on :at gr\nds1 an ,indian lock1 has a s+le-act+ tumbl] ) a p94 ,no4 #aj1 pat5t$ by ,?ompson 9 #ahje4 ,9 ?is lock !re are two tumbl]s1 "o ( :i* is s+le & ! o!r d\ble-act+4 ,next foll[ a consid]able numb] ( locks1 :i* diff] "o f ano!r too slightly to r5d] any =mal description necess>y4 ,no4 #aa1 by ,daniells1 is a s+le-act+ tumbl]1 diff]+ only 9 =m f ^? previ\sly us$4 ,no4 #ab is by ,walton4 ,no4 #ac is ,b>ron's fir/ pat5t1 tak5 out 9 #aggd4 ,no4 #ad is by ,bick]ton4 ,no4 #ae is a ,dut* lock4 ,no4 #af is by ,duce1 s5ior4 ,no4 #ag1 by ,s&]s1 is a lock ) f\r d\ble-act+ tumbl]s4 ,no4 #ah1 pat5t$ by ,corn?waite 9 #aghi1 is s ne>ly l ,s&]s's1 br\ght be=e public notice 9 #ahci1 z to corroborate :at we h said conc]n+ ! id5tity1 or at lea/ close resemblance1 ( inv5tions widely asund] 9 po9t ( "t4 ,no4 #ai is by ,ri*>ds & ,pe]s4 ,no4 #bj is ,som]=d's second pat5t2 a lock :i* seems to embody ! pr9ciple ( ,mr4 ,tann's 8reliance-w>ds10 pat5t$ _m ye>s lat]4 ,no4 #ba is ,r[ntree's lock1 pat5t$ 9 #agij4 ,no4 #bb is ! fir/ pat5t lock ( ,duce1 junior1 dat$ #ahbc4 ,no4 #bc is ,p>sons' fir/ pat5t1 ( #ahcb4 ,no4 #bd is ,bick]ton's second4 ,no4 #be1 pat5t$ by ,price 9 #aggd2 ?is1 s f> z at pres5t appe>s1 0 ! fir/ lock ev] con/ruct$ ) f\r d\ble-act+ tumbl]s1 be>+ a clos] resemblance ?an w\ld g5]ally be suppos$ to ^? pat5t$ by o!r p]sons 9 m rec5t ye>s4 ,no4 #bf exhibits a some:at simil> co9cid5ce4 ,x 0 introduc$ by ,aub9 9 #ahcj1 & is furni%$ ) a revolv+ curta9 = ! purpose ( clos+ ! key-hole dur+ ! revolution ( ! key4 ,o!r inv5tors h s9ce !n adopt$ ! revolv+ curta92 & 9 a pat5t tak5 out s rec5tly z #aheb1 ?is app5dage is claim$ z "p ( ! pat5t4 ,no4 #bg is ,b>ron's second pat5t1 dat$ #aggh2 a lock :i* has p]haps be5 ! model = a l>g] manufacture ( pla9 simple tumbl]-locks ?an any o!r4 ,no4 #bh is by ,bird1 #agij4 ,no4 #bi is ! second pat5t ( ,duce1 junior4 ,no4 #cj is ,ruxton's1 #ahah4 ,no4 #ca is ,*ubb's simplifi$ lock1 #ahcd4 ,no4 #cb is by ,m>r4 ,no4 #cc1 by ,tann1 is ! 8reliance-w>d0 lock adv]t$ to above z hav+ be5 anticipat$1 9 respect to its lead+ pr9ciple1 by ,som]=d's second pat5t4 ,no4 #cd is by ,hunt]1 #ahcc4 ,no4 #ce is ,p>sons' second pat5t1 ( ! same ye>4 ,no4 #cf is by ,lang1 #ahcj4 ,no4 #cg is ,lawton's1 dat$ #ahae4 ,no4 #ch1 pat5t$ by ,/rutt 9 #ahci1 has an arrangem5t = hold+ ! tumbl]s1 9 ! ev5t ( a pressure be+ appli$ to ! bolt2 an arrangem5t be>+ a consid]able resemblance to "o rec5tly adopt$ 9 ,*ubb's bank]s' lock4 ,no4 #ci is by ,scott1 #ahae4 ,no4 #dj1 ,*ubb's pat5t ( #ahah1 is ! orig9al detector-lock ( ?is mak]4 ,mo/ ( ! detectors s9ce pat5t$ by v>i\s p]sons are little o!r ?an v>iations ( ,*ubb's orig9al4 ,no4 #da1 ,p>sons' ?ird pat5t ( #ahcc1 is a *angeable lock ( peculi> con/ruction4 ,! elevation ( ! tumbl]s is regulat$ by an adju/+-screw pass+ ?r\gh ! lock to ! inside ( ! door2 ?is screw *anges ! positive b n ! relative positions ( ! tumbl]s2 s t ! same diff]5ce 9 ! /eps ( ! key mu/ be reta9$1 ! *ange be+ made only 9 ! l5g? ( ! bit3 ! numb] ( *anges = ea* lock is v limit$4 ,no4 #db1 inv5t$ by ,pi]ce 9 #ahdj1 seems to be a c>ry+ out ( ! plan sugge/$ by ! ,m>quis ( ,worce/] 9 8 ,c5tury ( ,inv5tions1 :]e he says t 8a lock may be s con/ruct$ t if a /rang] attempte? to op5 x1 x cat*es 8 h& z a trap cat*e? a fox2 ?\gh f> f maim+ him = life1 yet m>ke? him s1 t if once suspect$ he might easily be detect$40 ,9 ,pi]ce's lock a /eel b>b or %>p arr[-head is conceal$ bel[ ! key-hole1 9 su* a mann] t if any p]son 9 attempt+ to op5 ! lock %\ld ov]-lift ! tumbl]1 ! b>b w\ld be ?ru/ by a spr+ into 8 h&4 ,x is said t ! pat5tee himself exp]i5c$ ! efficacy ( ?is inv5tion1 by receiv+ ! b>b into 8 own h&4 ,no4 #dc1 by ,ruxton1 pat5t$ 9 #ahaf1 is furni%$ ) a tell-tale1 s arrang$ t if ! tumbl] be ov]-lift$ 9 an attempt to pick ! lock1 a p9 or cat* is ?r[n out f ! lock1 :i* w\ld be visible on op5+ ! lock ) ! prop] key4 ,?is inv5tion prec$$ ,*ubb's detector by two ye>s1 & w\ld be entitl$ to "s ( ! hon\rs ( orig9ality 7 n ,*ubb's arrangem5t mu* m simple & effective4 ,no4 #dd is ,bramah's1 ! pat5t ( #aghd1 & ! cr[n+ lock ( ! trophy1 by :i* all ! o!rs are op5$4 ,simil> locks by ,russell & ,mordan are applications ( ! ,bramah pr9ciple1 ) little or no v>iation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,no attempt has be5 made 9 ^! pages to describe e v>iety ( lock t has be5 introduc$4 ,sev]al =ms ( puzzle locks1 kn[n z ,russian & ,*9ese locks1 h ! =ms ( v>i\s animals1 & !y are lock$ & unlock$ by press+ ^u or mov+ "s portion ( ! body ( ! animal3 ! security ( su* locks dep5ds 9 _m cases ^u keep+ ! "p to be press$ or mov$ secret4 ,!re are also v>i\s =ms ( al>um locks2 b ^! d n greatly diff] f common locks1 except 9 hav+ c]ta9 app5dages1 su* z a pi/ol1 :i* if load$ & prop]ly adju/$1 w be fir$ on any attempt be+ made to op5 ! lock1 ei!r ) its own key or "s o!r in/rum5t4 ,"s locks are furni%$ ) a bell or a rattle1 :i* is rung or sprung on attempt+ to op5 ! lock1 & 9 ?is way ! inmates ( ! h\se are in=m$ ( ! attempt to effect an entrance4 ,x w1 h[ev]1 be evid5t to any "o :o has read ! prec$+ pages1 t devices ( ?is k9d d n add to ! security ( ! lock2 !y r t5d to degrade ! art ( ! locksmi? to t ( ! toyman4 ,! locksmi?1 9 common ) e o!r arti/1 c only improve 9 8 art by /udy+ ! pr9ciples ^u :i* x re/s1 & illu/rat+ !m by ! mo/ approv$ examples :i* ! con/ructive g5ius ( 8 pr$ecessors or contempor>ies has furni%$4 ,,app5dix4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,on ,,an ,,improv$ ,,con/ruction ,,( ,,lock ,,& ,,key4#ab #ab ,by ,j4 ,bev]ley ,f5by1 ,me*anical ,eng9e]1 ( ,birm+ham4 ,extract$ *iefly f ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,in/itution ( ,me*anical ,eng9e]s1 #ahff4 ,! simple fix$-gu>d or w>d$ lock is s utt]ly wor?less = security1 no matt] :at am\nt ( good workman%ip be be/[$ ^u x1 t x dem&s b %ort notice4 ,x 0 contriv$ ) ! int5tion ( mak+ ! passage to ! bolt intricate2 b x w be se5 at once t ?is intricacy does n really (f] any security4 ,! w>ds ( a lock are circul> arcs ( ?9 metal1 s arrang$ z to require a key ( peculi> patt]n to pass among/ !m1 ! %ape ( ! cuts 9 ! key be+ a section ( ! w>ds4 ,to make a really complicat$ box ( w>ds1 & to cut keys :i* %all accurately fit _! sweep1 is a matt] requir+ consid]able manual dext]ity2 & "s w>d$ locks are !re=e exp5sive4 ,b ev5 ) ! be/ ( !m1 all t x is necess>y to d = op5+ ! lock is to take a blank key :i* w prop]ly fit ! keyhole1 coat x ) wax1 & !n ins]t+ x 9 ! lock1 press x r\nd aga9/ ! w>ds1 :i* w cause !m to leave an accurate impression ( _! section on ! key4 ,! p>ts impress$ are !n cut out ) small files1 drills1 & saws1 & ! occasional use ( f9e cross-cut *isels4 ,! key w !n pass ^? w>ds :i* impress$ !mselves ^u x2 & if ^! are ! only w>ds1 x w g completely r\nd & op5 ! lock4 ,if !re are also o!r w>ds 9 addition1 n br\ght up flu% ) ! fir/ w>ds1 ! key is wax$ aga9 & press$ aga9/ !m1 & !n fur!r cut out1 z be=e4 ,?is process is evid5tly "o ( absolute c]ta9ty1 & ! key s made is 9 all respects z capable ( ma/]+ ! lock z ! orig9al key4 ,^! w>d$ locks are h[ev] easily op5$ ) m]ely a piece ( b5t /eel wire1--b5t into su* a sweep z w rea* "r r\nd ! w>ds in/ead ( pass+ among/ !m1 ?us escap+ all *ance ( be+ ob/ruct$ by !m4 ,su* an in/rum5t is call$ by burgl>s a 8twirl40 ,! fix$-gu>d or w>d$ lock 0 ! "o 9 g5]al use 9 ! middle ages4 ,! next k9d ( lock is ! tumbl] lock1 9 :i* ! bolt is mov$ backw>ds & =w>ds by ! key z usual1 b ^! movem5ts _c take place till a small lev] ) a /ump on "o side be lift$4 ,?is lev] & /ump =m ! tumbl]1 :i* is held d[n by a spr+2 & 9 ! tail ( ! bolt are two not*es1 into "o ( :i* ! /ump fits :5 ! bolt is %ot1 & into ! o!r :5 x is )drawn4 ,all t is necess>y to effect ! pick+ ( ?is lock is to lift ! tumbl] high en\gh = cle>+ ! /ump out ( ! not*1 & !n draw back ! bolt4 ,! tumbl] may be lift$ ) "o pick1 & ! bolt drawn back ) ano!r2 b g5]ally "o pick w suffice = bo? purposes4 ,9 ! ,b>ron tumbl] lock ! pr9ciple ( d\ble-action 0 introduc$4 ,! next improvem5t 0 ! lev] lock prop]ly s call$1 "u :i* designation ! majority ( ! mod]n locks may be class$4 ,! ,bramah lock 0 an admirable contrivance ) rem>kably beautiful me*anism conta9$ 9 a small compass2 & s9ce its inv5tion !re h be5 sev]al +5i\s modifications ( ! same pr9ciple 9 diff]5t radial locks1 su* z ! ,yale lock1 9 :i* ! slides move radially in/ead ( axially4 ,"o advantage 9 ^! radial locks is ! great] difficulty 9 copy+ ! keys1 9 comp>ison ) ! flat keys ( ord9>y lev] locks3 ?is difficulty h[ev] is n an insurm\ntable "o4 ,a v +5i\s addition 0 made to ! action ( ! lev] lock 9 ,newell's ,am]ican lock1 :i* 0 %[n 9 ! #ahea ,exhibition1 & describ$ at page #hi ( ! pres5t volume4 ,?\gh locks su* z ^? already ref]r$ to exhibit great dissimil>ity ( con/ruction1 yet !re is "o po9t 9 :i* !y all agree1 & t is 9 ! possession ( a direct passage f ! outside to ! works4 ,al?\gh v>i\s locks h be5 devis$ ) ! object ( hav+ no direct passage to ! works f ! outside1 "o consid]ation %[s ! inevitable exi/5ce ( su* a passage2 namely1 t )\t x ! key c\ld n possibly at "o & ! same "t t\* ! h& ( ! op]ator & ! works ( ! lock4 ,x !re=e foll[s t any in/rum5t :i* c pass 9 ! same space z ! key may be br\ght to be> on ! works1 :atev] may be _! con/ruction4 ,x c n[ be %[n t1 if pick+ in/rum5ts are ?us br\ght to be> on ! works ?r\gh ! keyhole1 !re is a regul> t5tative sy/em :]eby ! pick+ ( any lock ) an op5 keyhole c soon] or lat] be effect$4 ,f ! =ego+ obs]vations x is evid5t t !re are two important defects 9 ! pr9ciple ( ! previ\s lev] locks1 :i* be+ defects 9 pr9ciple are fatal to _! security2 namely1 ! means ( access to ! works ( ! lock ?r\gh ! keyhole1 all[+ ( a s]ies ( attempts be+ made to op5 ! lock by pick+ in/rum5ts2 & also ! facility af=d$ = repeat+ ! trial ( a false key made f a wax impression ( ! true key1 & ?us p]fect+ x by successive alt]ations aft] trial4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! possibility ?us all[$ ( mak+ ^! successive attempts ei!r by pick+ in/rum5ts or by a false key1 x has be5 %[n by ! cases t h occurr$ ( locks ( ! be/ makes :i* h be5 falsely op5$1 t1 h[ev] num]\s & complicat$ may be ! second>y imp$im5ts introduc$ into ^! locks1 !re c be no real security aga9/ ! ultimate success ( suffici5tly num]\s & p]sev]+ attempts1 except by ! adoption ( "s new pr9ciple ( con/ruction specially meet+ ! above two defects4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #ec4 ,9 ! inv5tion ( ! ,improv$ ,lock & ,key n[ to be describ$1 & :i* has be5 t]m$ ! adytic lock1#ac ! writ]'s object has be5 to meet ?is requirem5t4 ,9 fig4 #ec is %[n an elevation ( ?is lock1 su* z is made = an iron safe2 two ( ! front cov] plates be+ remov$ to %[ ! con/ruction4 #ac ,f ! ,greek 1 inaccessible4 ,! head ,b ( ! ma9 bolt is ( su* a ?ickness z to be flu% ) ! face ( ! lev]s ,l & gu>d ,a2 & ! /rap or tail ,d ( ! bolt is ?91 & passes beh9d ! lev]s & gu>d1 & also beh9d ! plate ,h ,h4 ,! "p ( ! tail ,d :i* w\ld lie "u ! lev]s ,l & cyl9d] ,c is remov$1 z se5 9 fig4 #ed1 & replac$ by a sep>ate flat plate or /ump-bolt1 c>ry+ ! /ump ,s4 ,?is /ump-bolt has a projection ,k ^u x1 let into a recess 9 ! tail ,d ( ! ma9 bolt1 b ) ? in* v]tical play 9 ! recess4 ,a spr+ 9 ! tail ( ! ma9 bolt presses ! /ump-bolt d[nw>ds1 keep+ ! /ump ,s 9 ! not*es ( ! lev]s ,l1 z %[n 9 fig4 #ec4 ,! /ump-bolt c ?us desc5d ? in* at fir/ )\t mov+ ! ma9 bolt1 & ?is am\nt ( v]tical movem5t is suffici5t to c>ry ! /ump 9 & out ( ! not*es 9 ! lev]s2 b ! /ump-bolt _c desc5d fur!r )\t tak+ ! ma9 bolt ) x4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #ed4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #ee4 ,imm$iately 9 front ( ! bolts comes ! fix$ plate ,h ,h1 9 :i* is cut ! cam groove %[n by ! dott$ l9e ,j ,j2 & also ! v]tical slot ,e = ! p9 ,p to "w ?r\gh1 toge!r ) ano!r v]tical slot 9 :i* ! /ump ,s fits & works4 ,?is plate c>ries ! c5tre p9 ,u on :i* ! lev]s ,l turn4 ,! lev]s are six 9 numb]1 ?\gh any o!r numb] may be us$2 & !y occupy collectively ?s in* ?ickness4 ,9 front ( ! plate ,h is fix$ ! gu>d ,a1 :i* is made ( iron or /eel1 & has ! brass cyl9d] ,c gr\nd into x4 ,! gu>d is made a %ade ?ick] ?an ! lev]s ,l1 9 ord] to prev5t ! back plate ,h & ! correspond+ front plate f be+ s tight5$ on ! lev]s z to imp$e _! fre$om ( movem5t4 ,! cyl9d] ,c is ! same ?ickness z ! lev]s1 except+ ! c5tre boss ,f1 :i* projects f ! back ( ! cyl9d] & works 9 a be>+ 9 ! back plate ,h1 & also projects 9 front ?r\gh ! ?ickness ( ! two front cov] plates4 ,! small keyhole 9 ! c5tre ( ! boss goes only a %ort di/ance into ! cyl9d] ,c1 be+ m]ely = ! purpose ( enabl+ ! /em ( ! key ,m1 fig4 #ee1 to turn ! cyl9d]2 ! bit ( ! key is a sep>ate piece1 ,n1 fig4 #eg1 :i* is ins]t$ ?r\gh a sep>ate keyhole into ! radial slot ( ! revolv+ cyl9d] ,c1 z %[n at ,n 9 fig4 #ec4 ,?is radial slot is cut 9 ! side ( ! cyl9d] ,c t is fur!/ f ! lev]s :5 ! cyl9d] is 9 ! position %[n 9 fig4 #ec2 & 9 ! slot fits ! slide block ,r1 :i* is a /eel block hav+ a p9 project+ on ea* side4 ,! back p9 ent]s ! guide groove ,j ,j 9 ! back plate ,h1 z %[n by ! dott$ l9e1 & ! front p9 ent]s ! correspond+ guide groove 9 ! front cov] plate1 :i* is %[n remov$4 ,! back p9 ( ! slide block projects ?r\gh ! back plate ,h1 z %[n 9 fig4 #ef1 & works 9 ! cam groove ,o 9 ! tail ( ! /ump-bolt ,s1 fig4 #ed1 :i* is s %ap$ t z ! slide block travels r\nd ! guide groove ,j ,j1 %[n by ! dott$ l9es1 x moves ! /ump-bolt v]tically z may be requir$ accord+ to ! position ( ! bolts & lev]s4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #ef4 ,9 ! position ( ! lock %[n 9 fig4 #ec1 ! bit ,n has be5 ins]t$ into ! vacant space ( ! radial slot 9 ! cyl9d] ,c1 9 front ( ! slide block ,r4 ,! size ( ?is vacant space is ?s in* long by ? in* wide & ?s in* deep2 & 9 ! two front cov] plates ( ! lock1 & also 9 ! door to :i* ! lock is atta*$1 a hole is made ( ! same %ape4 ,9 ! door !re is no be>+ = ! c5tre boss ,f1 b only a small keyhole correspond+ 9 size ) t 9 ! boss ,f = ins]t+ ! /em ( ! key4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! position ( ! p>ts %[n 9 fig4 #ec1 x w be se5 t ! lev]s ,l are held press+ d[n aga9/ ! circumf]5ce ( ! cyl9d] ,c by _! spr+s ,i be>+ aga9/ ! p9 ,p4 ,9 ?is position also ! bolt spr+ betwe5 ! ma9 bolt & ! /ump-bolt1 fig4 #ed1 presses ! /ump ,s d[n into ! not*es ( ! lev]s1 s t ! lev]s are completely lock$ by ! /ump1 z se5 9 fig4 #ec4 ,9 ord] to unlock ! lock1 :i* 9 fig4 #ec is %[n ) ! bolt %ot1 x is necess>y t all ! gat+s ,g 9 ! lev]s %\ld be br\ght precisely "u ! /ump ,s4 ,?r\gh ! c5tre keyhole ,f !re is no communication possible at any "t ) ! lev]s ,l2 nor w any in/rum5t1 h[ev] sl5d]1 if pass$ into ! radial slot ?r\gh ! ap]ture at ,n be able to rea* !m1 :e!r ! cyl9d] ,c be 9 ! position %[n 9 fig4 #ec or turn$ r\nd into any o!r position4 ,= ! only diff]5ce made by turn+ ! solid cyl9d] ,c is t ! radial slot 9 x is c>ri$ away f ! ap]ture 9 ! ext]nal plates1 & ! solid "p ( ! cyl9d] is br\ght opposite to ! ap]ture1 :i* is !reby completely clos$ aga9/ ! ins]tion ( a pick+ in/rum5t4 ,?is con/ruction accord+ly n only precludes ! possibility ( op5+ ?is lock ) an ord9>y key1 9 :i* ! "p t acts on ! lev]s is atta*$ to ! /em ( ! key1 b x also r5d]s x an absolute impossibility to introduce a pick ( any =m1 z no?+ c rea* ! lev]s ,l except a deta*$ piece ( su* a size & %ape z to be capable ( travell+ r\nd 9 ! vacant space left 9 front ( ! slide block ,r 9 ! radial slot ( ! cyl9d] ,c4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #eg4 ,= ! purpose ( unlock+ ! lock ! bit ,n1 fig4 #eg1 is us$4 ,?is bit is ( su* a size z to fit into ! vacant space ( in* 9 ! radial slot ( ! cyl9d] ,c2 & ! ind5t at ,v is m]ely = ! purpose ( ensur+ ! ins]tion ( ! bit 9 ! "r direction1 ! ext]nal ap]ture = ! bit be+ made ) a correspond+ projection to fit ! ind5t 9 ! bit4 ,?is bit be+ ins]t$ ?r\gh ! ap]ture 9 ! door1 is pu%$ 9 by means ( ! key /em ,m1 :i* is flatt5$ on two sides = t purpose1 z %[n 9 fig4 #ee2 & ! bit is ?us pu%$ home into its place 9 ! radial slot ( ! cyl9d]1 z %[n at ,n1 fig4 #ec4 ,! key /em ,m is n[ ins]t$ into ! c5tre keyhole ,f1 & ! cyl9d] is turn$ r\nd by x 9 ! direction %[n by ! arr[1 c>ry+ r\nd ! slide block ,r & ! bit ,n4 ,! slide block ,r1 :ile mov+ ?r\gh ! conc5tric portion at ! comm5cem5t ( ! guide grooves ,j ,j1 does n affect ! bit2 b by means ( ! cam groove ,o 9 ! tail ( ! /ump-bolt1 fig4 #ed1 x moves t bolt s f> z to lift ! /ump ,s completely out ( ! not*es 9 ! lev]s ,l1 :i* are !reby left free to be rais$4 ,on cont9u+ to turn ! cyl9d] ,c1 ! ecc5tric "p ( ! guide grooves ,j ,j causes ! slide block ,r to move outw>ds along ! radial slot1 pu%+ ! bit ,n be=e x2 & ! bit is ?us made to project beyond ! circumf]5ce ( ! cyl9d]1 :i* x c !n d1 be+ no long] conf9$ by ! gu>d ,a4 ,! fur!r projection ( ! bit z ! cyl9d] revolves causes ! /eps 9 ! bit to lift _! respective lev]s2 & ! /eps 9 ! bit are s arrang$ t1 :5 ! cyl9d] arrives at ! position %[n 9 fig4 #eh1 all ! gat+s ,g are br\ght simultane\sly opposite ! /ump ,s1 :i* is in/antly %ot d[n ?r\gh ! di/ance ( ! ? in* play by ! bolt spr+4 ,! bit ,n rema9s 9 contact ) ! extreme "p ,t ( ! lev]s :ile ! /ump ,s is ent]+ ! gat+s1 ! action ( ! bolt spr+ be+ s rapid t ! bit _c move ?r\gh any appreciable di/ance dur+ ! "t4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #eh4 ,9 o!r locks a spr+ action ( ?is k9d w\ld greatly facilitate ! pick+1 inasmu* z x w\ld af=d ! g5tle uni=m pressure desir$ ^u ! lev]s4 ,9 o!r locks1 !re=e1 ! bolt is caus$ to move1 & ! /ump to ent] ! gat+s1 by ! direct contact ( ! key ) ! bolt1 in/ead ( by a spr+2 b z ! key1 :ile mov+ ! /ump into ! gat+s1 is also alt]+ its position "u ! lev]s1 a slight tremul\s motion ( ! lev]s is !reby occasion$1 :i* no c>e 9 manufacture c obviate4 ,?is tremul\s motion is aggravat$ by ! circum/ance t1 z ! keyhole is op5 to inspection1 x is necess>y to make all ! lev]s fit flu% ) "o ano!r :5 d[n1 9 ord] to avoid af=d+ any clue to ! %ape ( ! key f ! positions ( ! lev]s2 b z ! v>i\s /eps ( ! key1 be+ ( diff]5t l5g?s1 describe diff]5t arcs1 ! curves ( ! lev]s :5 rais$ are ( necessity 9 error to !m all4 ,! result ( ^! comb9$ faults is t ! gat+s h to be made wid] ?an ! /ump1 to all[ a suffici5t am\nt ( play1 ?us introduc+ a fatal elem5t ( insecurity 9 ! con/ruction ( ! lock1 s9ce ! security is ( c\rse enhanc$ 9 proportion z ! gat+s fit ! /ump accurately4 ,9 ! new lock1 on ! contr>y1 ! arc ,t1 fig4 #eh1 9 ea* lev]1 c be %ap$ truly to its own prop] radius1 indep5d5t ( all ! re/ ( ! lev]s2 & z ! action ( ! /ump is in/antane\s 9 cat*+ ! gat+s z soon z !y are all br\ght simultane\sly "u x1 ! /ump & gat+s c be made to fit "o ano!r ) ! mo/ p]fect accuracy1 & )\t ! slighte/ play4 ,on turn+ ! cyl9d] ,c fur!r r\nd1 ! bit ,n passes f "u ! lev]s1 :i* rema9 held back by ! ins]tion ( ! /ump 9 ! gat+s2 & j be=e rea*+ ! position %[n 9 fig4 #ei1 ! slide block ,r has pu%$ ! bit completely out ( ! radial slot1 & ! bit falls d[n z %[n 9 fig4 #ei1 & drops ?r\gh a hole into ! inside ( ! safe t is lock$4 ,at ?is po9t ! back p9 ( ! slide block comes 9 contact ) ! l[] side ( ! cam groove ,o 9 ! /ump-bolt1 fig4 #ed2 & by turn+ ! cyl9d] ,c onw>ds to ! position %[n 9 fig4 #fj1 ! )drawal ( ! bolt ,b is complet$1 br++ ! p>ts into ! position %[n 9 fig4 #fj4 ,9 ^! draw+s only "o lev] ,l is %[n2 b !re are altoge!r six lev]s1 z %[n 9 ! sectional plan1 fig4 #ef4 ,! p9 ,p is fix$ 9 ! tail ,d ( ! ma9 bolt1 s z to travel ) ! bolt2 & by ?is means ! spr+s ,i are releas$ f /ra91 z %[n 9 fig4 #fj1 z soon z ! bolt is )drawn4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #ei4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ! nicety ) :i* ! v>i\s p>ts ( ?is lock are con/ruct$1 x is evid5t t ! lev]s mu/ be v accurately lift$ by ! bit ( ! key 9 ord] to )draw ! bolt2 & !re=e any error 9 ! bit1 su* z w\ld occur ) a false bit1 w effectually prev5t ! lock f be+ op5$4 ,?is may be illu/rat$ by suppos+ ! false bit to be s close an imitation z to h five ( its /eps absolutely correct1 & ! six? only slightly wrong3 ?\gh x is almo/ impossible t su* a ne> approa* to correctness c\ld be atta9$ 9 practice4 ,! c\nt]feit bit be+ ins]t$ 9 ! lock1 & ! cyl9d] turn$ r\nd1 all w g on ! same z ) ! true bit1 up to ! "t :5 ! false bit rea*es ! po9t ,t ( ! lev]s1 z previ\sly %[n ) ! true bit 9 fig4 #eh4 ,"h a *ange ( action takes place2 b :at is ! nature ( ! *ange ! op]ator has no means z yet ( asc]ta9+4 ,9 ! case suppos$1 :]e five ( ! /eps 9 ! bit are "r1 b ! six? is wrong1 ! gat+ ( ! six? lev] does n precisely co9cide ) ! o!rs1 nor ) ! /ump ,s2 & ! consequ5ce is t1 at ! critical mom5t :5 ! /ump ought to spr+ into ! gat+s & hold back ! lev]s f fall+ =w>ds1 x w be prev5t$ f ent]+ ! gat+s1 ow+ to ! entrance be+ p>tly block$ up by ! "o lev]1 :i* /&s m or less across x4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #fj4 ,! fact1 h[ev]1 t ! /ump _c ent] ! gat+s1 does n become kn[n to ! op]ator until ! cyl9d] ,c has be5 turn$ fur!r r\nd1 s z to br+ ! slide-block p9 9 contact ) ! l[] side ( ! cam groove ,o 9 ! /ump-bolt2 & be=e ?is po9t has be5 rea*$ ! false bit has already pass$ cle> ( ! lev]s1 :i*1 n be+ reta9$ by ! /ump1 are in/antly ?r[n =w>ds aga9 by _! spr+s1 & lock$ 9 _! orig9al position by ! /ump ent]+ ! not*es4 ,at ! same "t ! false bit has dropp$ into ! inside ( ! safe 9 ! same mann] z ! true bit1 z %[n 9 fig4 #fa4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #fa4 ,h5ce a p]son putt+ a false bit into "o ( ^! locks w n only infallibly lose x at ! v fir/ trial1 b w d s )\t ga9+ any in=mation z to ! nature ( its inaccuracy2 = z ! gat+s ( ! lev]s _c be se5 or felt1 all t c be told ab\t ! action ( a false bit is1 t x has fail$ to op5 ! lock4 ,9 fact1 a c\nt]feit bit passes "u ! lev]s1 & ?r\gh ! lock1 j l ! true bit2 & x is only ! /oppage aft]w>ds met ) ( ! bolt t indicates ! failure ( ! false bit1 :i* is by t "t gone beyond recov]y4 ,:atev] am\nt ( lab\r1 !re=e1 may h be5 sp5t on ! fabrication ( a c\nt]feit bit1 ?is bit c only be tri$ once1 s t no alt]ation c aft]w>ds be made 9 x4 ,no?+ t c be ins]t$ into ! radial slot ( ! cyl9d] ,c ?r\gh ! ap]ture 9 ! front plates c d any injury to ! lock2 & a *>ge ( gunp[d] ins]t$ 9 t way w\ld only bl[ out aga9 at ! orifice )\t damag+ ! lock1 bo? ! ap]tures = ! key be+ m]ely bl9d holes ) p>allel sides4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #fb4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #fc4 ,= ! manufacture ( ! bits = ! keys ( ?is lock a self-act+ ma*9e is employ$1 9 :i* ! height & wid? ( ! sev]al /eps 9 ! bit are regulat$ by adju/m5ts ( v great accuracy1 & admitt+ ( an almo/ endless v>iety ( figure = ! bits4 ,?is key-cutt+ ma*9e is %[n 9 figs4 #fb to #fd1 & consi/s ( a small circul> saw ,a runn+ v]tically1 ( ! same ?ickness z ea* /ep 9 ! bit ,i1 :i* is br\ght up to ! saw by ! slide-re/ ,b4 ,! bit ,i is fix$ 9 ! hold] ,c1 :i* rocks ^u a c5tre1 s z to give ! requir$ curvature to ! edge ( ea* /ep 9 ! bit :5 cut by ! saw1 z %[n 9 ! full-size section ( ! bit-hold]1 fig4 #fc4 ,! adju/m5t ( ! dep? ( cut is effect$ by ! set screw ,d ^u ! slide-re/ com+ up aga9/ ! ecc5tric r+ ,e ^u ! b$ ( ! slide-re/2 ?is r+ is turn$ r\nd by h&1 & set to sixte5 diff]5t positions by means ( ! cat*-p9 ,f & ! sixte5 holes on ! circumf]5ce ( ! r+1 all[+ ( sixte5 diff]5t dep?s ( cut4 ,! lat]al adju/m5t = ! pit* betwe5 ! successive /eps ( ! bit is effect$ by ! two b$-screws ,g ,g act+ on ! slide-re/ ,b1 hav+ a divid+ plate on ! head1 & su* a pit* ( ?read t "o turn ( ! screws trav]ses ! slide-re/ ?r\gh ! exact di/ance ( "o /ep 9 ! bit4 ,! occurr5ce ( any play or backla% is entirely prev5t$ by hav+ ! screws plac$ "o at ea* end ( ! slide-re/2 s t by slack+ back "o screw ?r\gh "o or m turns1 & !n advanc+ ! o!r ?r\gh ! same numb] ( turns1 ! slide-re/ is always held ) p]fect /ead9ess betwe5 !m1 fill+ exactly ! space betwe5 ! ends ( ! two screws4 ,! numb] ( *anges admissible 9 ?is key-cutt+ ma*9e1 if us$ = mak+ keys = locks hav+ six lev]s1 is ! numb] ( p]mutations t sixte5 t]ms are capable ( :5 tak5 six toge!r1 :i* is upw>ds ( sixte5 millions4 ,"s ( ^! *anges are s slight t too great accuracy ( workman%ip w\ld be requir$ to make ! locks accord+ly2 b ( ^? *anges t diff] f "o ano!r s f> t no lock c\ld be op5$ by any o!r ?an its own key1 m rema9 ?an c\ld be us$ up by all ! locks 9 ! _w4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #fd4 ,! writ] may obs]ve t x 0 ! /udy ( ! circum/ances ( ! great gold robb]y on ! #ae? ( ,may1 #ahee1 by ,ag> & 8 conf$]ates 7:5 two ( ! be/ lev] locks 7 pick$1 & gold /ol5 weigh+ upw>ds ( #bjj lbs41 :ile 9 transit on ! ,s\?-,ea/]n ,railway f ,london to ,p>is1 pack$ 9 ?ree seal$ iron-b\nd boxes1 inclos$ 9 a bullion safe1 secur$ by ^? locks71 & ( ! v>i\s modes ( pick+ locks1 :i* l$ him to turn 8 att5tion to ! a*ievem5t ( :at _h be5 s long & p]sev]+ly s\ght aft]1 namely1 an unpickable lock4 ,! pr9ciple ( a deta*$ bit has be5 previ\sly tri$1 9 s f> z t locks h be5 made 9 :i* ! bit ( ! key 0 deposit$ 9 ! lock by unscrew+ ! key /em1 & !n )drawn by screw+ 9 ! /em aga94 ,b inasmu* z ! deta*$ bit1 ev5 ?\gh x fail$ to op5 ! lock 9 ! case ( a c\nt]feit key1 c\ld always be br\ght back aga9 to ! keyhole & remov$1 ?is admitt$ ( a repetition ( attempts ) successive alt]ations ( ! "o c\nt]feit key1 )\t ! c]ta9ty t any w>n+ w\ld be giv5 by ! lock ( su* attempts hav+ be5 made4 ,9 ano!r /ill m complicat$ lock ) a deta*$ bit !re 7 two keyholes1 into "o ( :i* ! bit ( ! key 0 put1 & ! /em be+ !n unscrew$ f ! bit1 0 put into ! second keyhole & turn$ r\nd s z to close ! fir/ keyhole ov] ! bit2 a sep>ate h&le 0 !n turn$ to "w ! lock1 six sep>ate op]ations be+ requir$ = ei!r op5+ or clos+ ! lock4 ,fur!r1 a k9d ( reta9] has be5 attempt$ by s arrang+ ! lock t1 if any key 0 put 9 b ! "r "o1 x 0 held 9 ! keyhole 9 su* a mann] t x c\ld nev] be got out4 ,9 ?is case1 h[ev]1 if ! false key w\ld n op5 ! lock1 nei!r w\ld x let ev5 ! "r "o d s1 & x w\ld be necess>y to break op5 ! door secur$ by ! lock4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! new lock "h describ$1 ! special po9ts t h be5 aim$ at are ! foll[+3-- ,fir/ly1 9 no position ( ! lock is !re any access to ! works f ! outside ?r\gh ! keyhole4 ,?is access ?r\gh ! keyhole is m or less a defect 9 all o!r pr9ciples ( lock1 z x admits ( feel+ & manipulat+ ! works = ! purpose ( gett+ in=mation = pick+ ! lock 9 ! abs5ce ( ! "r key2 :]eas 9 ! new lock !re is no op5+ :atev] at any "t1 except ! two pla9 p>allel recesses into :i* ! key & ! bit are fitt$4 ,f ! mom5t ! turn+ ( ! lock comm5ces bo? ^! recesses are effectually block$ up3 ! "o = ! bit be+ convey$ bodily away f ! keyhole1 & its place tak5 by ! solid metal ( ! cyl9d]2 :ile ! o!r is completely fill$ by ! key1 :i* _c be )drawn except by turn+ x back to ! orig9al position4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is con/ruction no injury c be done to ! lock by explosion ( gunp[d] 9 ! keyhole1 ! only op5+s f ! outside be+ p>allel at _! sides1 & n communicat+ ) any portion ( ! int]ior ( ! lock2 & ! simplicity & solidity ( con/ruction are su* t ! revolv+ cyl9d] is made practically air-tight )9 its be>+4 ,?is effectually prev5ts all attempts to op5 ! lock by picklocks1 & leaves no alt]native b ! attempt to make a suffici5tly accurate copy ( ! true key4 ,secondly1 z no clue :atev] c be obta9$ f ! outside ( ! lock respect+ ! key requir$1 ! attempts ^u ! lock are ?us limit$ to ! *ance ( obta9+ a wax impression ( ! true key4 ,! difficulty ( mak+ a c\nt]feit key suffici5tly correct by ?is means = op5+ "o ( ! be/ ( ! previ\s con/ructions ( lock is v great2 b 9 ! new lock ?is difficulty is greatly increas$ by ! fact ( ! lev]s rema9+ absolutely /ation>y :ile ! /ump ent]s ! gat+s1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ! gat+s are made s close a fit to ! /ump t an exce$+ly m9ute error 9 ! lift+ ( any ( ! lev]s is suffici5t to prev5t ! lock be+ op5$4 ,?is extreme delicacy ( con/ruction c be c>ri$ out practically )\t objection 9 ! new lock1 because !re is no possibility ( putt+ a /ra9 f ! key ^u ! /ump1 s z to cause injury by =c+ x at ! mom5t ( ent]+ ! gat+s2 = ! only =ce act+ ^u ! /ump at t "t is ! uni=m pressure ( its own spr+4 ,9 addition to ?is s\rce ( increas$ safety1 !re is ! /ill m important circum/ance t only a s+le trial c be made ( ea* c\nt]feit bit2 because1 if c>ri$ =w>ds f> en\gh to try its effect 9 op5+ ! lock by pass+ ! lev]s1 ! bit is inevitably lo/ by fall+ ?r\gh ! lock & inside ! door4 ,?us n only is all *ance prev5t$ ( a second trial ) ! same key1 b ! bit reta9$ inside ! door gives w>n+ ( ! attempt hav+ be5 made1 & %[s h[ ne> ! c\nt]feit key has approa*$ to ! orig9al4 ,! num]\s cases t h occurr$ ( attempts to op5 locks by c\nt]feit keys1 su* z ! rem>kable in/ance previ\sly ref]r$ to1 %[ t ev5 ) ! mo/ practis$ h&s x is next to impossible to make f a wax impression a key t w s]ve = op5+ a good lock ! v fir/ "t x is tri$2 & ! /rik+ importance is !re=e se5 ( ?is arrangem5t 9 ! new lock1 :i* prev5ts m ?an a s+le attempt be+ made ) a c\nt]feit4 ,?irdly1 ano!r advantage to be nam$ 9 ?is lock is t ! /em alone ( ! key is requir$ to lock x1 b x c only be unlock$ by ! complete key4 ,! /em1 !re=e1 c be left by ! pr9cipal ( an e/abli%m5t = lock+ up by a subord9ate2 b ! bit1 :i* is ! ess5tial "p ( ! key requir$ = op5+ ! lock1 ne$ nev] be us$ or se5 by any "o b ! pr9cipal himself4 ,z ! hole 9 ! ext]nal door-plate = ! /em ( ! key has a not* on "o side only to admit ! key /em1 & ! cyl9d] is prev5t$ f mak+ a complete revolution1 ! /em ( ! key _c be )drawn f ! lock except :5 ! bolt is %ot2 s t its abs5ce f ! keyhole s]ves z a pro( t ! bolt is %ot4 ,f\r?ly1 "o o!r advantage 9 ?is lock is its simplicity & solidity ( con/ruction4 ,x conta9s no m p>ts ?an ! simpl] =ms ( lev] lock hav+ ! same numb] ( lev]s1 & ! total numb] ( sep>ate pieces 9 ! complete lock is only sixte54 ,! pr9ciple ( security1 !re=e1 ^u :i* ! new lock is con/ruct$1 avoids entirely ! complications & ! delicate & m9ute class ( "w r5d]$ necess>y 9 o!r locks by ! use ( detectors & ! o!r auxili>y contrivances employ$ = increas+ ! difficulty ( pick+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,f5by exhibit$1 at a conv]sazione ( ! ,in/itute ( ,civil ,eng9e]s1 & at ! meet+ ( ,me*anical ,eng9e]s1 specim5s ( 8 adytic lock1 & %[$ its action bo? ) ! true key & ) c\nt]feit keys2 & he %[$ by trial t ! c\nt]feit fail$ to op5 ! lock1 not)/&+ t by means ( ! p]mutat+ cutt+ ma*9e x _h be5 made a mu* ne>] approa* to a p]fect copy ?an 0 practicable 9 ! be/ h&work f a wax impression4 ,he also exhibit$ ! key-cutt+ ma*9e employ$ = cutt+ ! bits2 & also a set ( burgl>'s tools employ$ = drill+ into ! door ( an iron safe suffici5tly = break+ op5 or remov+ ! lock1 %[+ t ! hold requir$ = giv+ ! cutt+ pressure ^u ! p[]ful drill employ$ = ! purpose 0 obta9$ by a /eel cross piece ins]t$ into ! keyhole & turn$ at "r angles1 s z to hold across inside ! lock2 b 9 ! new lock1 z ! keyhole _h no op5+ into ! lock1 & only a slight %\ld] on "o side1 no means 7 af=d$ = obta9+ ! requir$ hold = ! drill4 ,! foll[+ are ! sali5t po9ts ( ! discussion t foll[$ ! read+ ( 8 pap]3-- ,! ,*airman rem>k$ t ! pap] j read gave a v excell5t & cle> description ( ! detail$ work+ ( ! new lock1 & he ?\ght ?is con/ruction ( lock 0 a mo/ valuable "o1 z af=d+ real security aga9/ all fraudul5t attempts4 ,he inquir$ :e!r !re w\ld be any possibility ( tamp]+ ) ! lock by exam9+ x ^u ! inside ( a safe door1 :5ev] ! door might happ5 to be left unlock$4 ,mr4 ,f5by repli$ t !re 0 no means ( tamp]+ ) ! lock f ! inside ( ! door1 z ! two keyholes = work+ ! lock 7 only 9 ! front face ( ! door1 & ! lock 0 all clos$ up on ! inside ( ! door1 except+ ! hole ?r\gh :i* ! bit 0 all[$ to drop out2 b ?is w\ld be useless = ! purpose ( tamp]+ ) ! lock1 z ! bit dropp$ d[n a tube lead+ to ! bottom ( ! door1 ?r\gh :i* no exam9ation ( ! lock c\ld be successfully made4 ,! ,*airman inquir$ :e!r !re 0 any provision aga9/ ! bit be+ accid5tally lock$ up inside ! safe1 9 :i* case x appe>$ ! lock c\ld n be op5$ aga94 ,mr4 ,f5by repli$ t ! own] ( ! safe mu/ ( c\rse be c>eful aft] unlock+ ! safe to take ! bit out be=e lock+ x aga91 o!rwise !re w\ld be no means ( op5+ ! lock aft]w>ds ) t key4 ,z a precaution1 h[ev]1 aga9/ any su* accid5t1 ea* lock 0 provid$ ) ?ree bits1 all duplicates1 "o ( :i* w\ld be kept 9 ! pocket = use1 :ile ! two o!rs w\ld be pres]v$ 9 a place ( safety = ! *ance ( any su* cont+5cy4 ,moreov]1 9 mo/ ( ! safes fitt$ ) ^! locks1 ! tube ?r\gh :i* ! bit dropp$ _h be5 made ( su* a l5g? z to c>ry out ! bit on op5+ ! door1 dropp+ x into a small t9 tray outside ! safe2 & by ?is means ! accid5tal lock+ 9 ( ! "r bit 0 r5d]$ impossible4 ,"o ( ! advantages ( ! new lock 0 t ! /em ( ! key 0 n requir$ to be kept con/antly 9 ! possession ( ! own]1 b x might be left 9 ! lock1 z ! bit alone 0 ! valuable "p ( ! key2 & z ! bits 7 ( su* small size & conv5i5t %ape1 a numb] ( !m might readily be kept 9 ! pocket by a p]son hav+ *>ge ( a numb] ( safes1 )\t ! inconv5i5ce att5d+ a l>ge bun* ( ord9>y keys4 ,9 ! case ( an attempt be+ made to op5 ! lock ) a c\nt]feit bit1 ! advantages ( reta9+ ! c\nt]feit inside ! safe 7 n m]ely t ! p]son attempt+ ! lock 0 depriv$ ( 8 in/rum5t1 :ile ! proprietor imm$iately discov]$ ! attempt ^u ! next occasion ( op5+ ! safe2 b ! ret5tion ( ! c\nt]feit itself af=d$ ! means ( judg+1 by a comp>ison ) ! true bit1 :e!r ! attempt _h be5 made altoge!r 9 ! d>k z to ! actual con/ruction ( ! lock1 or :e!r x 0 likely t "s clue reg>d+ ! true bit _h be5 obta9$ by means ( a wax impression or o!rwise4 ,9 ! latt] case ! own] ( ! safe might ?9k x desirable to h ! lock tak5 (f1 & ! arrangem5t ( ! lev]s alt]$1 & a new bit made s z to baffle any fur!r attempts4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,s4 ,longridge obs]v$ t ! inconv5i5ce t _h be5 allud$ to ) ! new lock1 ( accid5tally lock+ up ! bit inside ! safe1 0 no great] ?an occurr$ ) an ord9>y safe lock if ev] ! key 0 accid5tally lo/2 9 ei!r case1 unless ! precaution 0 tak5 ( keep+ a duplicate 9 res]ve1 x w\ld ( c\rse be necess>y to h ! safe brok5 op54 ,! ,*airman inquir$ h[ ! ideas _h be5 arriv$ at ( sep>at+ ! bit f ! key1 & ( prev5t+ all access to ! works ?r\gh ! keyhole1 & also ( reta9+ ! bit inside ! door aft] any attempt at unlock+4 ,mr4 ,f5by repli$ t 8 att5tion _h 9 ! fir/ in/ance be5 attract$ to ! subject ( ! pick+ ( locks z a me*anical problem1 & he _h f\nd t !re _h hi!rto be5 no pr9ciple 9 lockmak+ :i* c\ld effectually baffle p]sev]+ attempts at pick+4 ,= al?\gh !re 7 c]ta9 complicat$ con/ructions ( locks1 hav+ _m po9ts ( excell5ce1 !y _h all yield$ 9 "t to ! pick+ in/rum5t 9 clev] h&s2 & x mu/ be rememb]$ t any individual lock :5 once con/ruct$ rema9$ /ation>y z reg>d$ subsequ5t improvem5t1 :]eas ! art ( pick+ t lock 0 cont9ually progress+ t[>ds success1 ) all previ\s con/ructions ( locks1 & x 0 cle> !re=e t ! lock mu/ ultimately be defeat$4 ,he _h be5 fur!r /imulat$ 9 ! inve/igation ( ?is subject by ! occurr5ce ( ! great gold robb]y ref]r$ to at page #ahh2 & ! circum/ance :i* _h /ruck him mo/ =cibly 9 connection ) t robb]y _h be5 t locks ( ! be/ make hi!rto kn[n _h admitt$ ( sev5 successive trials be+ made ^u !m )\t detection1 ea* trial furni%+ ! in=mation = fur!r p]fect+ ! c\nt]feit key1 until ! locks 7 at l5g? op5$4 ,^! consid]ations _h l$ him to ! conclusion t two po9ts 7 e/abli%$ & 7 requir$ to be kept 9 view = ! con/ruction ( any lock t %\ld be really secure aga9/ fraudul5t attempts4 ,! fir/ po9t 0 t :]ev] a man c\ld get in/rum5ts into ! lock he c\ld ultimately solve any problem laid be=e him by ! mak] ( ! lock1 z ! lock :5 once made c\ld be tri$ any numb] ( times if an in/rum5t c\ld be got into x at all4 ,h5ce he _h conclud$ t x 0 requisite = all access to ! int]ior to be cut (f1 s z to preclude all possibility ( gett+ a pick-lock 92 & ?is 0 accord+ly accompli%$ by adopt+ ! plan ( sep>at+ ! bit f ! /em ( ! key4 ,! second po9t e/abli%$ 0 t x 0 necess>y to prev5t ! possibility ( mak+ a succession ( trials ) ! same c\nt]feit key2 & x _h !n /ruck him t1 if ! bit ( ! key 7 arrang$ to drop inside ! safe 9 unlock+1 !re w\ld be no means ( go+ on gradually improv+ & t\*+ up ! c\nt]feit f ! results ( previ\s trials1 z ! false bit w\ld be irrecov]ably lo/ 9 ! v fir/ attempt1 )\t furni%+ any clue :atev] z a guide = alt]ation 9 a subsequ5t trial4 ,! fir/ lock t he _h inv5t$ = meet+ ! requirem5ts ?us po9t$ out _h be5 made ) a solid block hav+ a tunnel ?r\gh x1 b involv+ ! same pr9ciple ( reta9+ ! bit ( ! key & keep+ ! lev]s inaccessible f ! outside4 ,subsequ5tly1 h[ev]1 he _h ab&on$ t con/ruction & produc$ ! new lock %[n 9 ! draw+s1 hav+ ! revolv+ b>rel ) radial slot4 ,! ,*airman propos$ a vote ( ?anks to ,mr4 ,f5by = 8 pap]1 :i* 0 pass$4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,f5by',s ,,pat5t ,,/op-,,lock4 ,?is lock has be5 design$ ) a view to do+ away ) sev]al weak po9ts 9 ! con/ruction ( lev] locks4 ,! introduction ( ! movable /ump by ,mr4 ,hobbs1 9 ord] to defeat pick+ by ! t5tative me?od ( apply+ pressure to ! bolt1 s z to cause b9d+ betwe5 ! /ump & ! lev]s1 0 a great advance 9 ! art ( lock-mak+4 ,! movable /ump1 z s con/ruct$1 01 h[ev]1 op5 to ?is objection1 t :ile suffici5tly delicate & c]ta9 9 its action to r5d] pick+ v difficult1 x 0 at ! same "t1 ?r\gh ! smallness ( its p>ts--result+ f ! conf9$ space available = its action--unsuit$ to )/& any am\nt ( =ce appli$ to pu% back ! bolt4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #fe4 ,9 ! lock "u notice ! /ump s is =m$ 9 ! solid on ! %ort] arm a ( a crank$ lev] or oscillat+ /op a4 ,?is /op a works on ! /eel p9 or c5tre b1 :i* latt] has a be>+ 9 bo? plates ( ! lock4 ,at ! end a ( ! /op a is a recess =m$ to fit ! corn] d ( ! bolt-head4 c is a /ud limit+ ! range ( a 9 an upw>d direction1 s t :5 9 its normal position ! /op a may j cle> ! bolt-head1 z %[n 9 figs4 #fe1 #ff1 & #fg4 ,! tail ( ! bolt1 in/ead ( be+ 9 ! =m usually adopt$1 is =m$ ( ! b> e set on edge s z to rea* f ! back to ! front plate ( ! lock1 completely divid+ ! l[] "p1 9 :i* ! keyhole lies1 f ! upp]1 9 :i* ! ma9 p>ts ( ! works are plac$4 ,?is b> e works betwe5 ! guide pieces g g1 s t 9 :atev] position ! bolt may be1 ! division ( ! lock into two *amb]s is complete4 ,at f is ! recess 9 :i* ! key acts to move ! bolt4 ,! lev]s l turn ^u ! p9 i =m$ 9 ! solid ( ! bolt-head4 ,! "p ( ea* lev] on :i* ! key is to act passes ?r\gh a slot or recess 9 e1 ! p>ts h & h ( ! lev]s be+ /ruck to ! arcs ( circles1 hav+ _! c5tres co9cid5t ) t ^u :i* ! lev]s turn at i4 ,z x is n possible to lift ! lev]s out ( ?is slot 9 ! b> e1 & fur!r1 z ! lev]s & bolt move toge!r 9 a longitud9al direction1 ! movem5ts necess>y to lock+ & unlock+ op5 no communication betwe5 ! upp] & l[] *amb]s ( ! lock4 ,! spr+s ( ! lev]s are =m$ out ( ! solid metal ( ! lev]s !mselves1 & are ?us n liable to t displacem5t :i* s (t5 occurs ) sep>ate spr+s1 nor to ! corrosion by oxidation incid5tal to /eel spr+s4 ,!y are cut r\nd ! corn]1 & d[n ! front ( ! lev]1 to ga9 great] ela/icity4 ,9 fig4 #fe ! lock is %[n ) ! front plate remov$1 & ! works z !y /& :5 unlock$4 ,fig4 #ff is ! same1 except t ! works are %[n lock$1 & ! back plate remov$ in/ead ( ! front4 ,fig4 #fg %[s ! front view ( fig4 #ff4 ,fig4 #fh %[s ! result ( any attempt to pick ! lock by pressure4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #ff4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #fg4 ,illu/ration3 fig4 #fh4 ,! lock be+ lock$1 z %[n 9 figs4 #ff & #fg1 x w be se5 t ! /op a j cle>s ! angle d ( ! bolt-head4 ,fur!r1 t ! gat+s r ( ! lev]s l _c pass ! /ump s1 unless ! lev]s be s lift$ z to co9cide ) ea* o!r & ! /ump4 ,! /op a be+ held up by a v light pressure f ! lev] spr+s1 a small =ce appli$ to ! /ump s is suffici5t to upset its equilibrium1 & br+ d[n its end a ^u ! bolt-head at d1 z %[n 9 fig4 #fh4 ,?is occurs :5ev] an attempt is made to 8feel0 ! /ump ) ! lev]s2 & n only does ! /op a free ! lev]s f all pressure1 & s pres]ve !m & ! /ump f injury1 & ! lock f be+ pick$1 b x also =ms a /rut = secur+ ! bolt3 9 fact1 no viol5ce %ort ( t necess>y to %e> ! p9 b c make ! bolt yield4 ,! draw+s %[ a mortise lock1 b ! improvem5ts %[n are univ]sally applicable 9 ! con/ruction ( locks ( all k9ds4 ,= ! manufacture ( ^! & o!r locks1 & k9dr$ articles1 ,messrs4 ,j4 ,b4 ,f5by & ,co41 eng9e]s ( ! ,liv]pool ,works1 ,birm+ham1 h put up1 f ! designs ( _! manag+ p>tn]1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,bev]ley ,f5by1 an exp]im5tal set ( ma*9]y1 almo/ entirely self-act+1 & calculat$ to turn out l>ge quantities ( ! compon5t p>ts ( locks & o!r articles ) extreme accuracy & rapidity4 ,! :ole set works on ! int]*angeable sy/em--z already 9 use = milit>y small arms4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 to be suppos$ t1 because ! p>ts ( ! locks are int]*angeable1 "o key w op5 sev]al locks--su* a s\rce ( insecurity be+ gu>d$ aga9/ by ! p]mutat+ key-cutt+ ma*9es inv5t$ by ,mr4 ,f5by4 ,^! ma*9es give complete comm& ov] ! mak+ ( keys1 :e!r x be requir$ to make a comp>atively unlimit$ numb]1 all diff]+ f ea* o!r1 to make a numb] alike1 or to make sets ) ma/] keys4 ,atmosph]ic & hydraulic pressure also plays an important "p 9 %ap+ _m ( ! p>ts ( ! locks4 ,,note ,,^u ,,iron ,,safes4 ,at ! conclusion ( ?is "w ^u locks x w n be out ( place to make a few rem>ks ^u ! degree ( real safety t atta*es to :at are commonly call$ 8safes10 & to po9t out 9 a common-s5se way :at are ! *ief dang]s t ^! may incur f depr$ators 7:e!r burgl>s or 9 times ( public an>*y & viol5ce71 & :at are ! ma9 conditions to be reli$ ^u = safety--assum+ t1 by "o or o!r ( ! con/ructions po9t$ out 9 ! prec$+ pages1 ! lock ( ! safe be su* z to be practically unpickable1 & t c>elessness %all n h plac$ ! true key 9 ! possession ( ! ?ief4 ,!re c be no d\bt ^u ! m9d ( any me*anic or eng9e]1 ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) practical work+ 9 metals1 t a good deal ( :at has be5 br\ght =w>d & affirm$1 bo? by safe-mak]s & by burgl>s !mselves 7turn$ approv]s71 z to ! wond]fully-+5i\s devices resort$ to by ! latt]1 by :i*1 if we 7 to believe x all1 no?+ 9 ! %ape ( /eel or iron c possibly )/& ultimately ! r$\btable p[]s ( ^! p1 is simply fiction--imag9>y +5uity utt]ly impracticable if tri$4 ,su*1 = example1 is ! notion ( its be+ possible1 by an ounce or two ( gunp[d] explod$ 9 ! int]ior1 to s bl[ asund] & dislocate ! p>ts ( a well-made safe-lock t ! bolts %all !n be easily got loose1 or t a /eel-plat$ safe :i* resi/s ! drill c be s(t5$ 8by ! bl[pipe40 ,& j z absurd are "s ( ! wond]ful pieces ( +5uity by :i* "s ( ! burgl>s' actual devices are suppos$ to be met & fru/rat$2 z1 = example1 "o = :i* we believe a pat5t has be5 obta9$1 consi/+ 9 fill+-9 ! holl[ space betwe5 ! inside & outside plates ( ! safe ) ca/-iron bullets left loose4 ,^! might1 no d\bt1 break a flat-/emm$ drill1 aft] t _h pi]c$ ! out] plate1 b c\ld h no effect :atev] ^u a r\nd-%ank$ drill1 su* z "o ( ! ord9>y ,am]ican spiral1 or t]$o-po9t$ drills4 ,t !re are "s me?ods ( viol5ce /ill untri$1 & yet at ! comm& ( ! burgl> :o d>es to risk a tol]ably l\d noise ( explosive ag5ts1 is well kn[n to skilful me*anical eng9e]s1 & = obvi\s reasons x w\ld be unwise t we %\ld give any in=mation z to su*2 b ! real practical & too-(t5 effectual me?ods ( ! burgl> limit !mselves almo/ entirely to ! use ( ! succession ( /eel w$ges1 foll[$ by ! p[]ful /eel-po9t$ p9*+ b>1 or b>s1 to ! =c+ or priz+-screw1 & to mak+ m or less way = ?is by cutt+ out be=eh& by ! p9-drill4 ,a safe1 to be safe1 mu/ be s circum/anc$ or s con/ruct$1 or bo?1 t x %\ld be able to resi/ ! be/ ef=ts t c be made by ^! me?ods = sev]al h\rs2 p]haps we might say z mu* z ?irty to ?irty-six h\rs--viz41 f ,saturday night to ,monday morn+4 ,n[ we hesitate n to say t ! unsaf5ess ( 8safes0 arises n f any /ructural difficulty :atev]1 b almo/ always f ! p>simony & ignorance ( ^? :o pur*ase & employ !m4 ,safes1 l razors1 are made to sell1 & if ! public dem& is = *eap safes1 su* z we see e day adv]tis$ 9 ! newspap]s1 x 0 sure to h be51 & is1 met by a supply ( ?+s call$ safes :i* are utt]ly unsafe4 ,! great mass ( ! %[y gre5 & gold gewgaws t "o sees 9 ! safe-%op w9d[s1 ) flam+ te/imonials z to _! fire & burgl>-pro( p[]s1 are simple %ams3 a g5u9e safe c\ld n be made at _! prices4 ,! v fir/ condition to con/itute a g5u9e safe is t x %all h an ample mass ( metal--i4e41 n ( ca/-iron1 b ( wr\ght-iron1 or be/ ( /eel1 all r\nd x2 & especially t ! m>g9s ( metal all r\nd ! door %all be ( su* huge & surplus scantl+ t no am\nt ( w$g+1 by con/ruction possible1 %\ld be able to b5d any "o side s5sibly4 ,! next is t ! workman%ip ( e "p ( ! safe be fir/-class3 n t !re be m]ely a m\ld$ door ) a %[y lock & a trump]y brass-plate ^u x1 b t e corn] & jo9t ( plate ) plate 9 sides & back be effectually unit$ & jo9t$ 9 ! be/ mann]1 & t ! fitt+ ( ! h>d5$ edges ( ! door %all be l ^? ( a valve1 & n ev5 let a wat*-spr+ be got 9 betwe54 ,if ^! obvi\s conditions be obs]v$1 & t ! safe itself be prop]ly posit$ 9 ! premises1 x w be f\nd1 ev5 ) ord9>y =ms ( con/ruction z to doors & bolts1 b ) a really unpickable lock1 a v h>d nut = ! be/ burgl> to crack4 ,illu/ration3 ,*atwood's ,safes4 ,b mu* m may be effect$ )\t any s]i\s increase ( co/4 ,sev]al =ms ( safes are n[ made1 ! rabbets ( ! doors ( :i* are s =m$ t x is almo/ a physical impossibility to get any w$ge1 h[ev] ?91 to drive 9 betwe5 ! door & ! frame4 ,?is is effect$ 9 ,*atwood's pat5t safes 7( ,bolton & ,man*e/]71 z figur$ above1 by mak+ ! door rabbets 9 cross section curvil9e>1 s t ev5 if ! fit be n s p]fect b t ! edges ( a v ?9 w$ge c /ill be ins]t$1 x yet _c be driv5--=1 z x goes =w>d1 x mu/ become curv$1 & if s(t1 s z ?us to b5d1 ! ?9 /eel w n be> ! sev]e /ra9 ( driv+1 b if h>d1 x breaks (f into %ort bits close to ! entrance4 ,9 addition to ?is ,*atwood's 7& we believe o!r mak]s'7 safes h bolts s con/ruct$1 z se5 9 ! figure1 t !y hook or lock into ! bolt recesses 9 ! frame 9 su* a mann] z to hold ! opposite sides ( ! frame toge!r1 s t1 indep5d5t ( its own prop] /iffness1 x _c be b5t any:]e1 unless by te>+ asund] ! end on ! iron b> con/itut+ ea* cross-bolt4 ,! bolts1 9 fact1 n only secure ! door 7z 9 ord9>y7 f op5+1 b secure ! door & frame toge!r4 ,) su* a safe1 if ! own] w only provide a prop] position = x 9 8 premises1 he may re/ pretty easy 9 m9d4 ,safes are v commonly /ood ^u a wood5 floor1 or made to =m "p ( a wood-fram$ bookcase1 or press1 or /& 9 a recess4 ,(t5 !y are comeatable all r\nd1 & ev5 und]nea?1 ) n\ght b an in* bo>d bel[ !m1 & almo/ always !y are left ) ! front door freely & fully expos$1 & ) ample & conv5i5t room left all r\nd4 ,?is = two or ?ree workm5 to manipulate ! safe z !y may4 ,n[ ! only real conditions ( safety are t ! iron safe %\ld be b$d$ into brickwork set 9 ,portl& cem5t & s&2 or1 :at is mu* bett]1 9 h>d granite or grit/one masonry1 b$d$ 9 l mann]4 ,)\t ?is be done1 a fire-pro( safe is simply a delusion2 con/ruct$ h[ x may be1 x is only a crucible ( m or less badly-conduct+ p[]1 9 :i*1 aft] a "t long] or %ort]1 de$s1 bank-notes1 docum5ts1 c41 w be calc9$1 & co9 or jewell]y melt$1 & gems flaw$ & de/roy$4 ,we say ?is 9 ! full face ( ! delusive s-call$ 8fi]y ordeals0 to :i* _m ( ! s-call$ d\ble-cas$ fire-pro( safes are alleg$ to h be5 = h\rs expos$4 ,! safe %\ld always be emb$d$ 9 masonry1 & re/ ^u t 9 su* a way t x _c get und]m9$ by ei!r fire or burgl>s4 ,:5ev] ! premises admit ( x1 ! door ( ! safe itself %\ld be set back #aj or #ab in*es f ! face ( ! wall 9 :i* x is emb$d$1 & an out] door1 flu% ) ! face ( ! wall1 %\ld be provid$ ( iron1 ) a good lock & multiple bolts4 ,! door ( ! safe %\ld op5 to ! "r2 & if s1 ! out] door %\ld op5 to ! left2 & nei!r %\ld op5 m ?an squ>e to _! position :5 %ut4 ,no "o b a practical workman or eng9e] c h an adequate notion ( ! ext5t to :i* any me*anical op]ation ^u ! door ( a safe ?us circum/anc$ is hamp]$ by its be+ set back into ! wall1 & ) an out] door t ev5 :5 op51 cuts (f all ready manual access to ! inn] door f "o side4 ,:5 premises are con/ruct$1 z !y %\ld be = all banks & bullion m]*ants1 jewell]s1 c41 hav+ special reg>d to a safe z an indisputably secure depository1 !n ! safe %\ld be completely iron or /eel cas$1 & emb$d$ 9 h>d /one masonry 7we %all n "h g into additional special precautions aga9/ ! remot] effects ( fire71 cov]$ 9 ) a /rong fire-brick ar*1 & ) no?+ b ! solid gr\nd bel[4 ,! door ( ! safe %\ld only be approa*able ?r\gh an iron or /one-l9$ passage1 j ! size ( ! safe-door1 & no m4 ,?is %\ld be "s feet 9 l5g?1 & h an out] d\ble-cas$ /eel door1 or p]haps t & an int]m$iate iron fall+-door or portcullis1 betwe5 ! out] door & ! safe-door4 ,) a safe-door s circum/anc$1 ev5 suppos+ bo? ^! out] doors =c$ & op51 x is almo/ impracticable = ev5 a s+le workman1 h[ev] agile or adroit1 to p]=m any me*anical op]ation :atev] ^u ! door1 lea/ ( all ^u its surr\nd+ rabbates4 ,^! are s close to ! solid granite walls1 />t+ out at "r angles f ! rabbate all r\nd1 t he has no room to d any?+2 & to get a priz+-b> at ! door-rabbate1 or ev5 to get a second man to assi/ ! fir/ 9 any way1 is impossible1 simply = want ( room4 ,! :ole ( ! doors & all ! surfaces ( su* passage %\ld be pa9t$ a dull1 lu/reless black4 ,no "o :o has n tri$ x1 has any idea ( ! difficulty ( illum9at+ su* a black passage1 by ev5 sev]al c&les1 suffici5tly to p]=m any delicate me*anical op]ation2 & good light is ess5tial to ! safe-break]4 ,9 banks !re is no bett] plan ?an has be5 ere n[ adopt$ ( mak+ ! iron safe a great cube1 ) ! door at "o side1 plac+ ! :ole safe ) its bottom re/+ ^u ! /em or plung] ( an hydraulic press1 ! cyl9d] ( :i* is fix$ 9 ! bottom ( ! pit 9 ! solid e>?1 ( a size capable ( enabl+ ! :ole safe to be bodily l[]$ d[n into ! cavity at ! end ( ! day's "w1 & pump$ up aga9 out ( its hid+-place ! next morn+4 ,! lev] ( ! hydraulic pump is tak5 away1 & ! socket into :i* x fits is plugg$1 & ! plug lock$ into its place1 & !n ! pump--situat$ 9 a recess 9 solid masonry--is itself lock$ up4 ,! top ( ! safe itself1 :5 x has be5 l[]$ to ! bottom ( its *amb]1 /&s #aj or #ab in*es bel[ ! floor-level ( ! /one floor1 & a pair ( iron doors is !n clos$ ov] x & lock$ d[n4 ,a safe execut$ 9 ?is way1 ?\gh requir+ a consid]able exp5diture at fir/1 if well done1 might bid defiance to any?+ almo/1 ev5 unlimit$ gunp[d]1 = "s days4 ,! only addition ( safety t almo/ c\ld be conceiv$ w\ld be t adopt$ at ! bullion vaults ( ! ,bank ( ,france 9 ,p>is1 :]e ^!1 situat$ 9 casemates two /ories "u gr\nd1 are only approa*able by "o n>r[1 w9d+ /aircase1 :i* c be itself1 9 case ( em]g5cy1 rapidly r5d]$ useless1 & ! cyl9drical well 9 :i* x is plac$ fill$ up ) ab\t #cj feet 9 dep? ( wat]1 :i* _c be pump$ out until a cont9u\s supply be %ut (f by di/ant means only kn[n to "o or two tru/$ employs4 ,s9ce ?is revision has be5 9 type ! great 8safes' conte/0 or wag] ( battle betwe5 ! rival safes ( ,mr4 ,h]r+ ( ,new ,york1 & ,mr4 ,*atwood ( ,bolton1 = #fjj a side1 has come (f1 at ! ,int]national ,exhibition1 ,p>is1 ,mr4 ,r4 ,mallet & ,mr4 ,rob]t ,f4 ,fairlie1 ,c4,e41 be+ ! repres5tatives ( ! ,engli% int]e/s ^u ! occasion4 ,! result1 :i*1 ow+ to ! conduct ( "s ( ! p>ties conc]n$1 assum$ an unpleasant & incomplete =m1 may be f\nd detail$ fully 9 a pamphlet publi%$ by ,t9sley ,bro!rs1 ,london4 ,x is ref]r$ to "h because1 al?\gh no decision ( ! wag] made c\ld be come to1 ! facts asc]ta9$ are ( great int]e/ & importance z respects ! prop] con/ruction ( safes4 ,!y %[ conclusively t an effectively con/ruct$ door & jambs is really ! "o ?+ ne$ful to absolute security1 provid$ ! safe itself be built up1 z we h urg$1 into masonry4 ,!y also %[ t !re are good gr\nds = d\bt+ t ! ,am]ican 7,h]r+'s7 8safe )9 safe0 con/ruction1 ) a ?ick mass ( s-call$ fire-pro(+ p[d]y composition betwe5 !m1 is at all z protective aga9/ m]e viol5ce & ! p]sev]+ use ( w$ges1 z ,*atwood's simpl] b f> m effective con/ruction1 especially ( 8 door & jambs4 ,if "o ( ! latt] safes1 :olly ( /eel plat+1 be fairly emb$d$ into masonry1 & ano!r outside flu% door ( 8 con/ruction1 ) curv$ rabbates & hook+ lock+ bolts1 be suppli$ to ! masonry ope itself1 x is sc>cely an exagg]ation to call su* a safe 8,inv9cible10 s f> z any?+ t burgl>s1 9 any civilis$ place 9 ,europe at lea/1 c effect4 ,,index4 ,adytic lock1 #agf2 ma*9e = manufactur+ ! keys ( !1 #ahe2 numb] ( *anges 9 ! lock1 #ahh2 advantages (1 #ahi2 discussion on its value1 #aib4 ,a+] on ! ,bramah lock1 #aaa4 ,a+]'s lock1 #fa4 ,al>um lock1 #dj4 ,am]ican locks1 #hb2 ,/ansbury's lock1 #hc2 ,yale's lock1 #hc2 ,dr4 ,&rews's lock1 #hd2 ,day & ,newell's locks1 #hf2 _! ,p>autoptic lock1 #hi2 ,hobbs's ,protector lock1 #ii4 ,anci5t locks1 #h4 ,&rews's lock1 #hd2 snail :eel lock1 #he4 ,app5dix1 #agc4 ,aub9's lock trophy1 #aff2 locks =m+ x describ$1 #afh4 ,b>ron's tumbl] lock1 #di2 ,bramah on1 #fh4 ,bird's tumbl] lock1 #eb4 ,bramah on ,b>ron's tumbl] lock1 #fh2 on ! defects ( ! tumbl] lock1 #fh2 on ! defects ( ! w>d$ lock1 #ff4 ,bramah lock1 #gj2 cyl9d] lock1 #gc2 numb] ( *anges 9 ! ,bramah lock1 #ha2 pick$ by ,mr4 ,hobbs1 #aba2 report ( ! arbitrators1 #abc1 #abd2 a description ( ! lock pick$1 #abe2 lett]s f ,messrs4 ,bramah que/ion+ ! fairness ( ! trial1 #abf2 me?od ( pick+1 #aaj2 me?od employ$ by ,mr4 ,hobbs1 #abi2 ,a+] on ! ,bramah lock1 #aaj2 ,f>ey on ! ,bramah lock1 #aac2 improvem5ts made s9ce #ahea1 #aca4 ,br[n's lett] lock1 #bc2 pick$ by ,mr4 ,hobbs1 #aci4 ,bullion vaults ( ! ,bank ( ,france1 #bjf4 ,*atwood's safes describ$1 #bjc4 ,*9ese locks1 #aga4 ,*ubb on ,davies's lock1 #aab2 on lock pick+1 #acb4 ,*ubb's lock1 #ec2 describ$1 #ed1 #ef2 key (1 #eg2 attempt to pick1 #eh2 exp]im5ts on1 #ei2 numb] ( *anges 9 ! lock1 #ee2 ! detector lock pick$ by ,mr4 ,hobbs1 #aae2 value ( ! detector que/ion$1 #aag2 improvem5ts1 #aba2 ,mr4 ,hodge on ! ,*ubb lock1 #aad2 ,*ubb's new locks1 #adg2 bank locks1 #adi4 ,clockwork1 application (1 to locks1 #ci4 ,closet-lock1 #ag4 ,comm]cial importance ( locks1 #b4 ,contrivances = add+ to ! security ( locks1 #ce4 ,cut locks1 #ah4 ,davies's lock1 ,capta9 ,o',bri5 on #aab2 ,mr4 ,*ubb on1 #aab4 ,davis's lock1 #fj4 ,day & ,newell's lock1 #hf2 ,p>autoptic lock1 #hi et seq4 ,dead-lock1 #ag4 ,d5ison's l>ge lock1 #adb2 small ditto1 #adf4 ,dial locks1 #bc2 me?od ( pick+1 #ach4 ,duhamel du ,monceau's ,art du ,s]ruri]1 #d4 ,egyptian door-fa/5+s1 #ac4 ,egyptian p9-lock1 #ad2 me?od ( pick+1 #aci4 ,escut*eon1 uses ( !1 expla9$1 #cg4 ,exhibition ( #ahea1 effects ( !1 9 improv+ ,engli% locks1 #adj2 ,jury ,report on locks1 #aca2 obs]vations on ! ,report1 #acc4 ,f>ey on ! ,bramah lock1 #aac4 ,f5by on w>d$ locks1 #agc2 on tumbl] locks1 #agd4 ,f5by's adytic lock1 #agf2 ma*9e = mak+ ! keys (1 #ahe2 numb] ( *anges 9 !1 #ahh2 advantages (1 #ahi2 discussion on ! value ( ! lock1 #aib2 /op-lock1 #aif2 ma*9es = ! manufacture ( ! locks1 #bjj4 ,fons1 ,mr4 de la1 8 improvem5t 9 locks1 #adh4 ,fr5* locks1 anci5t1 #cb4 ,fri5d's secret lock1 #ci4 ,greek locks1 #i4 ,hobbs on ,engli% locks made be=e #ahea1 #aae2 he picks a ,*ubb lock1 #aaf2 a ,bramah lock pick$ by ,mr4 ,hobbs1 #abb2 8 mode ( pick+ ! ,bramah lock describ$1 #abi2 ,mr4 ,br[n's lett]-lock pick$ by him1 #aci4 ,hobbs's protector lock1 #ii4 ,hodge on ! ,*ubb lock1 #aad4 ,iron-rim lock1 #ag4 ,iron safes1 value (1 #bja2 ! be/ position = a safe1 #bjd2 *amb] = jewell]s' safes describ$1 #bje2 arrangem5t ( bank safes1 #bje2 ,*atwood's safes1 #bjc4 ,kemp's union lock1 #ha4 ,keys1 ma/]1 #ca2 skeleton1 #cj2 ,mack9non's key1 #fb2 ,ma*9's web key1 #aed4 ,knob lock1 #ag4 ,lac$monian lock1 #aa4 ,left-h& lock1 #ag4 ,lett] locks1 #bb2 me?od ( pick+1 #ach4 ,lev] locks1 #dc4 ,lit]ature ( lock-mak+1 #d2 li/ ( ref]5ces to ! 8,transactions ( ! ,society ( ,arts0 relat+ to lock-mak+1 #aff4 ,lock classification1 #ag4 ,lock controv]sy1 #ajb2 previ\s to ! ,great ,exhibition1 #ajc2 ,mr4 ,*ubb on ,davies's lock1 #aab2 ,capta9 ,o',bri5 on ,davies's & o!r locks1 #aab2 ,mr4 ,f>ey on ! ,bramah lock1 #aac2 ,mr4 ,hodge on locks1 #aad2 lock controv]sy dur+ & s9ce ! ,great ,exhibition1 #aae2 ,mr4 ,hobbs on ,engli% locks1 #aae2 he picks ! ,*ubb lock1 #aaf2 ! ,bramah lock pick$ by him1 #aba2 /atem5ts ( ,messrs4 ,bramah1 #abe2 attempt ( ,messrs4 ,g>butt to pick ! p>autoptic lock1 #acd4 ,lock manufacture at ,wolv]hampton1 /ate (1 describ$1 #aed4 ,lock-pick+1 di/9ction betwe5 8pick+0 & 8r++ ! *anges0 on a lock1 #acf2 t5tative process ( pick+1 #aaj2 me?od ( pick+ lett] & dial locks1 #ach2 mode ( pick+ ! ,egyptian lock1 #aci2 me?od ( pick+ tumbl] locks1 #aah2 me?od ( pick+ ! ,yale lock1 #adj2 ,mr4 ,*ubb on lock-pick+1 #acb2 contrivances to prev5t ! pick+ ( locks1 #aje4 ,lock trophy1 ,aub9's1 #aff2 locks compos+ !1 describ$1 #afh4 ,lock & key1 improv$1 #agf4 ,locks1 ,engli% pat5ts =1 #afd2 ,jury ,report1 ,exhibition ( #ahea1 on1 #aca2 obs]vations on ! ,report1 #acc2 effects ( ! ,exhibition ( #ahea 9 improv+ ,engli% locks1 #adj2 use ( ma*9]y 9 ! manufacture (1 #afc1 #bjj4 ,locks1 c41 inv5t$ by ! ,m>quis ( ,worce/]1 #ce4 ,locks & keys1 lit]ature (1 #d2 li/ ( ref]5ces 9 ! 8,transactions ( ! ,society ( ,arts0 relat+ to1 #aff4 ,l\is ,,xvi41 8 fondness = lock-mak+1 #bf1 #ce4 ,ma*9's web key1 #fa4 ,mack9non's key1 #fb4 ,manufacture ( locks & keys at ,wolv]hampton1 /ate ( !1 #aed4 ,m>%all's secret escut*eon1 #cg4 ,ma/] keys1 #ca4 ,meighan's al>um lock1 #dj4 ,mit*ell & ,lawton's tumbl] lock1 #eb4 ,mortise locks1 #ag1 #ah4 ,multiple-bolt locks1 #da1 ,nettlefold's lock1 #fj4 ,newell's p>autoptic lock1 #hi4 ,o',bri51 ,capta91 on ,davies's lock1 #aab4 ,ow5's exp]im5ts on ,*ubb & ,bramah locks1 #ei4 ,p>autoptic lock1 #hi2 key1 #ia2 ,au/rian ,report on1 #ic2 ,engli% pat5t =1 #ih2 attempts to pick !1 9 ,am]ica1 #ajf2 ,report ( ! ,am]ican ,in/itute on ! lock1 #ajg2 late/ *all5ge issu$ by ,messrs4 ,day & ,newell1 #ajh2 ,mr4 ,g>butt's attempt to pick !1 #acd2 failure ( ! attempt1 #ace4 ,p>nell's defiance lock1 #ada4 ,p>son's lock1 #fa4 ,pat5ts1 ,engli%1 = locks1 #afd4 ,p9-lock ( ,egypt1 #ad4 ,puzzle-lock1 #ai4 ,regni]'s puzzle locks1 #ba4 ,"r-h& lock1 #ag4 ,r+ lock1 #ag4 ,roman locks1 #aj4 ,r[ntree's tumbl] lock1 #ej4 ,russell's screw-lock = casks1 #ch4 ,russian locks1 #aga4 ,ru!r=d's lock1 #ci4 ,ruxton's detector = tumbl] locks1 #ec4 ,safes1 value ( iron1 #bja2 ,*atwood's1 #bjc2 see also ,iron ,safes4 ,saxby's prize lock1 #aeb2 pick$ by ,mr4 ,hobbs1 #aec4 ,screw locks1 #ch4 ,skeleton keys1 #cj4 ,society ( ,arts' prize lock1 #cj4 ,som]=d's lock1 #fj4 ,spr+-/ock lock1 #ag4 ,/ansbury's lock1 #hc4 ,/op lock1 ,f5by's1 #aif4 ,/raight locks1 #ah4 ,t5tative process ( lock-pick+1 #aaj4 ,?ree-bolt lock1 #ag4 ,tumbl] locks1 #dc2 lock describ$ by ,m4 de ,raumur1 #df2 mod]n tumbl] lock1 #eb2 introduction ( ! detector1 #ec2 ,*ubb's lock1 #ec1 #ef2 key (1 #eg2 advantages & defects ( tumbl] locks1 #fc2 ,hobbs's me?od ( adju/m5t1 #fc4 ,tumbl] locks1 ,mr4 ,f5by on1 #agd2 me?od ( pick+1 #aah2 d\ble action1 #di4 ,two-bolt lock1 #ag4 ,w>d locks1 #ah4 ,w>d$ locks1 #bg2 action ( ! key on ! w>ds1 #bh2 insecurity (1 #bi2 w>d$ locks ( ! la/ c5tury1 #ca2 insecurity (1 illu/rat$ by ,mr4 ,*ubb1 #cd2 ,bramah on ! defects (1 #ff2 ,mr4 ,f5by on1 #agc4 ,:eel locks1 #ah4 ,:eel & p9ion1 application (1 to locks1 #ci4 ,williams's lock1 #fb4 ,wolv]hampton1 acc\nt ( ! /ate ( ! lock & key manufacture at1 #aed4 ,worce/]1 inv5tions ( ! ,m>quis (1 relat+ to lock-mak+1 #ce4 ,yale's lock1 #hc2 me?od ( pick+1 #adj4 ,yale's cyl9d] lock1 #aeb4 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,virtue ,,& ,,co41 ,,city ,,road1 ,,london4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,inconsi/5t spell+ & hyph5ation h n be5 /&>dis$4 ,! calculations 9 ! text reg>d+ ! numb] ( comb9ations & p]mutations h be5 transcrib$ )\t fur!r comm5t1 ev5 :5 !y might be op5 to discussion4 ,! ref]5ce lett]s & numb]s giv5 9 ! descriptions ( illu/rations are n always pres5t 9 ^! illu/rations1 b !y may be pres5t 9 o!r illu/rations ( ! same object4 ,page #cc1 ,s ,s1 ,o ,o1 ,z ,z1 are ornam5ts fa/5$ on at b c d3 ?is does n appe> to be 9 accordance ) ! illu/rations4 ,page #aec1 footnote #aa3 ^! figures are n pres5t 9 ?is book4 ,page #afd3 8,z no complete li/ 4443 ! clos+ quote m>k is miss+4 ,page #afd ff1 table1 entry #aghd3 ! date column 0 blank 9 ! s\rce docum5t4 ,*anges made ,footnotes h be5 mov$ to "u ! p>agraph 9 :i* !y 7 ref]5c$4 ,page #i3 clos+ quote m>k ins]t$ aft] curi\s knot4 ,page #de3 receptacles at ,c d *ang$ to receptacles at c d4 ,page #dh3 fig4 #bc 0 pr9t$ upside-d[n 9 ! s\rce docum5t4 ,page #ea3 ! not*es f or g 9 ! bolt *ang$ to ! not*es s or g 9 ! bolt1 cf4 fig4 #bf4 ,page #eg3 ! not*es n n *ang$ to ! not*es n n4 ,page #gg3 %ewn at a a 9 fig4 #cg *ang$ to %ewn at a a 9 fig4 #cg2 #c1 #b1 #c *ang$ to #c1 #b1 #c4 ,page #hi3 ,t ! ?ird *ang$ to ,t ! ?ird cf4 illu/ration4 ,page #ajj3 piece ( metal h p *ang$ to piece ( metal h h cf4 illu/ration4 ,page #ajd3 g$ *ang$ to get4