,,color ,,standards ,,and ,,color ,,nomenclature ,,ridgway ,illustration3 ,color ,wheel ,,fifty-,,three ,,colored ,,plates ,,eleven ,,hundred ,,and ,,fifteen ,,named ,,colors ,,color ,,standards ,,and ,,color ,,nomenclature ,,by ,,robert ,,ridgway1 ,m4,s41 ,c4,m4,z4,s41 ,etc4 ,curator of the ,division of ,birds1 ,united ,states ,national ,museum4 ,with ,fifty-three ,colored ,plates and ,eleven ,hundred and ,fifteen ,named ,colors4 ,,washington4 ,d4 ,c4 #aiab4 ,published by the ,author4 ,copyright1 #aiab by ,robert ,ridgway ,,press ,,of ,a4 ,,hoen ,,company ,,baltimore1 ,,md ,,to ,seor ,don ,,jos ,c4 ,,zeled,n ,,of ,,san ,,jos1 ,,costa ,,rica ,true and steadfast friend for more than two-score years2 host1 guide1 and companion on excursions among the glorious forests1 magnificent mountains1 and lovely plains of his native land2 whose encouragement made possible the completion of a seemingly hopeless task1 this book is affectionately and gratefully dedicated4 ,,preface ,the motive of this work is ,,the ,,standardization ,,of ,,colors ,,and ,,color ,,names4 ,the terminology of ,science1 the ,arts1 and various ,industries has been a most important factor in the development of their present high efficiency4 ,measurements1 weights1 mathematical and chemical formul1 and terms which clearly designate practically every variation of form and structure have long been standardized2 but the nomenclature of colors remains vague and1 for practical purposes1 meaningless1 thereby seriously impeding progress in almost every branch of industry and research4 ,many works on the subject of color have been published1 but most of them are purely technical1 and pertain to the physics of color1 the painter's needs1 or to some particular art or industry alone1 or in other ways are unsuited for the use of the zoologist1 the botanist1 the pathologist1 or the mineralogist2 and the comparatively few works on color intended specially for naturalists have all failed to meet the requirements1 either because of an insufficient number of color samples1 lack of names or other means of easy identification or designation1 or faulty selection and classification of the colors chosen for illustration4 ,more than twenty years ago the author of the present work attempted to supply the deficiency by the publication of a book#a containing #ahf samples of named colors1 but the effort was successful only to the extent that it was an improvement on its predecessors2 and1 although still the standard of color nomenclature among zoologists and many other naturalists1 it nevertheless is seriously defective in the altogether inadequate number of colors represented1 and in their unscientific arrangement4 ,fully realizing his failure1 the author1 some two or three years later1 began to devise plans1 gather materials1 and acquire special knowledge of the subject1 in the hope that he might some day be able to prepare a new work which would fully meet the needs of all who have use for it4 ,unfortunately1 his time has been so fully occupied with other matters that progress has necessarily been slow2 but after more than twenty years of sporadic effort it has at last been completed4 ,acknowledgments are due to so many friends for helpful suggestions that it is hardly possible to name them all1 or to specify the extent or kind of help which each has rendered2 but special mention should be made of ,mr4 ,,lewis ,e4 ,,jewell1 of ,johns ,hopkins ,university2 ,dr4 ,r4 ,m4 ,,strong1 of the ,university of ,chicago2 ,prof4 ,w4 ,j4 ,,spillman1 of the ,u4 ,s4 ,department of ,agriculture2 ,mr4 ,,williams ,,welch1 of the ,u4 ,s4 ,signal ,service2 ,mr4 ,,milton ,,bradley1 of ,springfield1 ,mass42 ,dr4 ,p4 ,g4 ,,nutting1 of the ,u4 ,s4 ,bureau of ,standards2 ,mr4 ,p4 ,l4 ,,ricker1 of the ,bureau of ,plant ,industry1 ,u4 ,s4 ,department of ,agriculture2 and ,mr4 ,j4 ,l4 ,,ridgway1 of the ,u4 ,s4 ,geological ,survey4 ,the late ,professor ,s4 ,p4 ,,langley1 then ,secretary of the ,smithsonian ,institution1 was good enough to take a kindly interest in this undertaking and gave the author assistance for which he is glad to make acknowledgment4 ,more than to all others1 however1 is the author deeply indebted to ,mr4 ,john ,e4 ,,thayer1 of ,lancaster1 ,mass41 and ,seor ,don ,,jos ,c4 ,,zeled,n1 of ,san ,jos1 ,costa ,rica1 for aid so indispensible that without it the work could not have been completed4 ,to ,dr4 ,g4 ,,gr,,bler ,,co41 of ,leipzig1 ,germany1 the author is under obligations for the gift of a nearly complete set of their celebrated coal-tar dyes1 which have proven quite necessary to the work1 especially in the coloring of the ,maxwell disks on which the color scheme is based4 ,the reproduction of the plates has been a difficult matter1 involving not only expensive experimentation1 but more than three years of unremitting labor4 ,vastly different from the ordinary lines of commercial color work1 the correct copying of each one of the #aaae colors of the original plates developed many perplexing and often discouraging problems1 which were finally solved through ,mr4 ,a4 ,b4 ,,hoen',s expert knowledge of chemistry and pigments2 the skill1 industry1 and patience of the firm's head colorist1 ,mr4 ,,frank ,,portugal1 and the personal interest of both these gentlemen4 ,it is1 therefore1 with the greatest pleasure that the author's grateful acknowledgment is made to the firm of ,a4 ,,hoen ,,company for the satisfactory manner in which they have fulfilled their contract4 ,,contents ,,page ,,preface i ,,prologue #a ,plan #a ,color ,names #i ,color ,terms #ae ,table of percentages of ,component ,colors in ,spectrum ,hues #ba ,table of percentages of ,white and ,black in ,tone ,scales #bc ,table of percentages of ,neutral ,gray in ,broken ,colors #be ,table of percentages of ,black and ,white in tones of ,carbon ,gray #be ,dyes and ,pigments used in ,coloring of ,maxwell ,disks #bf ,alphabetical ,list of ,colors represented on ,plates #bi ,colors of old edition ,not ,represented on ,plates #da ,list of ,useful ,books on ,color #db ,,prologue ,as stated in the ,preface1 the purpose of this work is the standardization of colors and color nomenclature1 so that naturalists or others who may have occasion to write or speak of colors may do so with the certainty that there need be no question as to what particular tint1 shade1 or degree of grayness1 of any color or hue is meant4 ,therefore1 it is unnecessary to treat of the subject from any other point of view2 it will be sufficient to say that this work is based on a thorough study of the subject from every standpoint1 and that practically all authoritative works on the subject of color have been carefully consulted4#b ,,plan4 --,the scientific arrangement of colors in this work is based essentially on the suggestions of ,professor ,j4 ,h4 ,pillsbury for a scheme of color standards1#c which have also been the basis of several other efforts toward the same end1 as the plates in ,milton ,bradley's ,elementary ,color and educational colored papers1 ,prang's charts of standard colors1 ,klinkseick and ,valette's ,code des ,couleurs1 etc42 but while all these present a scientifically arranged color-scheme and more or less adequate number of colors they all fail to supply a ready or convenient means of identifying and designating the colors--the principal utility of a work of this kind4 ,it is in the latter respect that the present work is believed to meet1 more nearly than any other at least1 this essential requirement1 and in this consists whatever originality may be claimed for it4 ,the key to the classification or arrangement herewith presented is1 of course1 the solar spectrum1 with its six fundamental colors and intermediate hues1 augmented by the series of hues connecting violet with red1 which the spectrum fails to show4 ,if1 with the red-violets and violet-reds thus added to the spectrum hues1 the band forming this scale be joined end to end a circle is formed in which there is continuously a gradual change of hue1 step by step1 from red through orange-red and red-orange to orange2 orange through yellow-orange and orange-yellow to yellow2 yellow through green-yellow and yellow-green to green2 green through blue-green and green-blue to blue2 blue through violet-blue and blue-violet to violet2 and violet through red-violet and violet-red to red--the starting-point--with intermediate connecting hues4 ,in the solar spectrum1 both prismatic and grating1 but especially the former1 the spaces between the adjoining distinct colors are very unequal2 therefore for the present purpose an ideal scale must be constructed1 so that an approximately equal number of equally distinct connecting hues shall be shown4 ,distinctions of hue appreciable to the normal eye are so very numerous#d that the criterion of convenience or practicability must determine the number of segments into which the ideal chromatic scale or circle may be divided in order to best serve the purpose in view4 ,careful experiment seems to have demonstrated that thirty-six is the practicable limit1 and accordingly that number has been adopted4#e ,if the number of intermediate hues were equal in all cases there would1 in this scheme1 be five between each two adjacent fundamental colors of the spectrum2 but a greater number of recognizably distinct hues is obviously necessary in some cases than in others2 for example1 spectrum orange is decidedly nearer in hue to red than to yellow1 and therefore the number of intermediates required on each side of the orange is different1 being in the proportion of four for the red-orange series to five for the orange-yellow1 and similarly six are required for the violet-red series1 while four suffice for the blue-violet hues4 ,there is no known means by which we can measure the proportion of two or more pigments in any given mixture1 because color-effect cannot be measured by the pint of mixed paint or the ounce of dry pigment2#f but1 fortunately1 we have a very exact method1 in the color-wheel and ,maxwell disks1 by which the relative proportions of two or more colors in any mixture may be precisely measured4 ,this method has been used in the painting of every one of the #aaae colors of the present work1 by means of one disk to represent each one of the thirty-six colors 7both pure and broken71 together with a black1 a white1 and a neutral gray disk1 the last being a match in color to the gray resulting from the mixture of red1 green and violet on the color-wheel2#g the neutral gray disk1 however1 being used only for the making of disks for the broken series of colors 71 1 1 1 and 7 and for the scale of neutral grays 7,plate ,,liii47 ,these colored disks are slit on one side from center to circumference1 and therefore by interlocking two or more they may be adjusted so that either occupies any desired percentage of the whole area1 which may be very precisely determined by a scale of #ajj segments shown on the outer edge of a larger disk on which the colored disks are superimposed4 ,when connected with the color-wheel and adjusted as may be desired1 and then rapidly revolved1 the two or more distinct colors resolve themselves into a single uniform composite color1 whose elements are shown1 in their relative proportion1 by the scale surrounding the disks4#h ,the scales 7both horizontal and vertical7 of the present work are all prepared directly from definite color-wheel formul1 based on carefully calculated curves2 the thirty-six pure spectrum hues1 represented by the middle horizontal line of color-squares on ,plates ,i-,,xii 7together with an equal number of intermediates represented by blank spaces71 requiring a separate curve and consequently different relative proportions of the two component colors for each series of hues--that is1 the series from red to orange1 orange to yellow1 yellow to green1 green to blue1 blue to violet1 and violet to red1 respectively2 but the progressive increments of white in the scales of tints1 black in those of shades1 and neutral gray in the several series of broken colors are exactly the same in every case4 ,the first series of ,plates 7,i-,,xii7 shows the pure1 full spectrum colors and intermediate hues 7middle horizontal line1 nos4 #a-gb71i each with its vertical scale of tints 7upward1 a-g7 and shades 7downward1 h-n71 the increments of white for the tints being #i4e1 #bb4e1 and #de per cent41 respectively1 those of black in the shades being #de1 #gj4e1 and #hg4e per cent4 ,the remaining ,plates show these same thirty-six colors or hues in exactly the same order and similarly modified 7vertically7 by precisely the same progressive increments of white 7upward7 and black 7downward71 but all the colors are dulled by admixture of neutral gray2 the first series 7#a-gb1 ,plates ,,xiii-,,xxvi7 containing #cb per cent4 of neutral gray1 the second 7#a-gb1 ,plates ,,xxvii-,,xxxviii7 #eh per cent41 the third 7#a-gb1 ,plates ,,xxxix-,,xliv7 #gg per cent41 and the fourth 7#a-gb1 ,plates ,,xlv-,l7 #ij per cent4 ,the last three ,plates 7,,li-,,liii7 show the six spectrum colors#aj 7also purple1 the intermediate between violet and red7 still further dulled by admixture of #ie4e per cent4 of neutral gray1 these being in reality colored grays2 to which are added a scale of neutral gray and one of carbon gray1 the former being the gray resulting from mixture of the three primary colors 7red #cb1 green #db1 violet #bf per cent41 which in relative darkness equals black #gi4e1 white #bj4e per cent472 the latter being the gray produced by mixture of lamp black and ,chinese white1 and the scale a reproduction of that in the author's first ,nomenclature of ,colors 7#ahhf1 ,plate ,,ii1 nos4 #b-aj74 ,it should be emphasized that in all cases except the scale of carbon grays1 only the disks representing the middle horizontal series of colors 7both pure and broken7 have been used1 in combination with a black and a white disk1 respectively1 to make the colors of the vertical scales of tints and shades4 ,the coloring of a satisfactory set of disks to represent the thirty-six pure spectrum colors and hues was a matter of extreme difficulty1 many hundreds having been painted and discarded before the desired result was achieved4 ,several serious problems were involved1 the matter of change of hue through chemical reaction of the combined pigments or dyes#aa 7especially the latter7 being almost as troublesome as that of securing the proper degree of difference between each adjoining pair of hues4 ,the method by which satisfactory results were finally secured was as follows3 ,first1 six disks were colored to represent each of the fundamental spectrum colors1 according to the author's conception of them4#ab ,these six disks were then placed against a suitable background 7a neutral gray71 in spectrum sequence1 with wide intervals for the accommodation of connecting series of disks1 which were then colored so as to represent an apparently even transition from one to the other4 ,when this very difficult task had been done as well as the eye alone could judge1 each intermediate was then measured on the color-wheel and the relative proportions 7in percentages7 of its two component colors recorded4 ,after this had been done for all the intermediate hues each series 7the red-orange1 orange-yellow1 yellow-green1 green-blue1 blue-violet1 and violet-red7 was taken separately and a curve constructed on cross-section paper from the recorded ratios4 ,these curves were found to be in all cases more or less irregular or unsymmetrical1 but nevertheless were sufficiently near correct to serve as a basis for a symmetrical curve2 and after the points out of proper line were suitably relocated the two component colors were correspondingly readjusted on the color-wheel and each faulty disk corrected 7or a new one painted7 until it exactly matched the required combination4 ,the scales representing the tints and shades of each color1 and also the gray or broken colors were similarly determined by corrected curves4#ac ,by the method adopted of running each of the thirty-six spectrum hues through a scale of tints and shades1 and repeating the combination through several series modified by increasing increments of neutral gray1 practically the entire possible range of color variation is covered1#ad rendering it an easy matter to locate in the plates1 either among the colors actually shown or in an intermediate space1 any color which it is desired to match2 and where short distinctive names have not been found 7their place being1 tentatively1 supplied by compound names71 as1 necessarily1 must often be the case1 any color or intermediate between any two colors1 either as to hue1 tint1 or shade1 may be readily designated by the very simple system of symbols 7numerals and letters7 employed4#ae ,in order to designate any color for which a satisfactory name cannot be found1 or one not represented on the plates1 it is only necessary to proceed as follows3 ,suppose the color in question is nearest #a on ,plate ,i2 say1 for example1 is intermediate in hue between #a 7spectrum red7 and #c 7scarlet-red71 or in other words if represented in color its position would be in the uncolored space designated as no4 #b2 and in tone between the full color 7middle horizontal line7 and tint b4 ,its designation1 therefore1 is #b;a4 ,exactly the same method applies to any of the other blank spaces1 as well as to the colors themselves1 except that in case of the broken colors the primes 71 1 1 1 or 7 are to be affixed to the hue number4 ,first locate the hue1 designated by number1 then the tone1 designated by lower case letter1 the full1 pure colors of the middle horizontal row being designated by number alone4 ,color ,names4--,while it is true that the naming of colors as usually employed has so little to do with the purely technical aspects of chromatology or color-physics that1 as ,von ,bezold remarks#af we are in reality dealing with the peculiarities of language1 it is equally true that a collection of color standards designed expressly for the purpose of identifying and designating particular colors can best attain this object by the use of a carefully selected nomenclature4 ,in other words1 the prime necessity is to standardize both colors and color names1 by elimination of the element of personal equation in the matter4 ,in no other way can agreement be reached as to the distinction between violet and purple1 two color names quite generally used interchangeably or synonymously but in reality belonging to quite distinct hues1 or that any other color name can be definitely fixed4 ,various methods of handling the matter of color in zoological and botanical descriptions1 etc41 by the avoidance of color names and substitution therefor of symbols1 numerals1 or mechanical contrivances 7as color-wheel and spectrum analyses1 color-spheres1 etc47 have been devised but all have been found impracticable or unsatisfactory4 ,the author has taken the trouble to get an expression of opinion in this matter from many naturalists and others1 and the preference for color-names very greatly predominates2 consequently1 whenever it has been possible to find a name which seems suitable for any color in this work it has been done1 leaving as few as possible unnamed1 and for these some other means must be devised for their designation4 7,see page #h74 ,the selection of appropriate names for the colors depicted on the ,plates has been in some cases a matter of considerable difficulty4 ,with regard to certain ones it may appear that the names adopted are not entirely satisfactory2 but1 to forestall such criticism1 it may be explained that the purpose of these ,plates is not to show the color of the particular objects or substances which the names suggest1 but to provide appropriate1 or at least approximately appropriate1 names for the colors which it has seemed desirable to represent4 ,in other words1 certain colors are selected for illustration1 for which names must be provided2 and when names that are exclusively pertinent or otherwise entirely satisfactory are not at hand1 they must be looked up or invented4 ,it should also be borne in mind that almost any object or substance varies more or less in color2 and that therefore if the orange1 lemon1 chestnut or lilac of the ,plates does not exactly match in color the particular orange1 lemon1 chestnut or lilac which one may compare it with1 it may 7in fact does7 correspond with other specimens4 ,without standardization1 even if arbitrary1 color nomenclature must1 necessarily1 remain in its present condition of absolute chaos4 ,even the standard pigments are not constant in color1 practically every one of them being subject to more or less variation in hue or tone1 different samples from the same manufacturer sometimes varying to the extent of several tones or hues of the present work2 indeed1 in every case where two or more samples of the same color have been compared it has been found that no two are exactly alike1 the difference often being very great4 ,for example3 ,of five samples of vandyke brown only two are approximately similar1 each of the other three being widely different1 not only from one another but from the other two1 one being a blackish brown1 another reddish brown1 the third a yellowish orange-brown4 ,of eleven samples of olive no two are closely similar1 the color ranging from a shade of dull 7grayish7 blue-green to orange-brown1 dark brownish gray1 and light yellowish olive2 and the same or nearly the same degree of variation is seen in absolutely every color examined1 showing very clearly the utter worthlessness of color names unless fixed or standardized4 ,in order to obtain as many color names as possible for standardization it has been necessary to draw from all available sources4 ,several thousand samples of named colors have therefore been collected1 and for convenience of reference and comparison gummed to card catalogue cards1 with the name1 source1 and other data thereon4 ,these include the colors from many standard works1 among them ,werner's ,nomenclature of ,colours 7,syme's edition1 #ahba71 ,hay's ,nomenclature of ,colours 7#ahdf71 ,ridgway's ,nomenclature of ,colors 7#ahhf71 ,saccardo's ,chromataxia 7#ahia71 ,mathews' ,chart of ,correct ,colors of ,flowers 7,american ,florist1 #ahia71 ,willson and ,calkins' ,familiar ,colors1 ,oberthur and ,dauthenay's ,repertoire des ,couleurs 7#aije71 ,leidel's ,hints on ,tints 7#ahic71 ,lefvr's ,matieres ,colorantes ,artificiales 7#ahif71 the ,standard ,dictionary chart of typical colors1 the educational colored papers of ,milton ,bradley and ,prang1 and many others2 and besides these practically all of the artists' oil1 water1 and dry colors1 manufactured by ,winsor and ,newton1 ,f4 ,schoenfeld and ,co41 ,charles ,roberson and ,co41 ,george ,rowney and ,co41 ,madderton and ,co41 ,r4 ,ackermann and ,co41 ,bourgeois1 ,binant1 ,chenal1 ,le ,franc1 ,devoe1 ,raynolds1 ,osborne1 ,bradley1 ,hatfield and others2 also the coal-tar or aniline dyes of ,dr4 ,g4 ,grbler ,co41 ,continental ,color and ,chemical ,co41 and ,henry ,heil ,chemical ,co41 and the well known ,diamond ,dyes2 chromo-lithographic inks1 embroidery silks1 etc41 etc4 ,the material from which to select suitable color names was greatly augmented1 almost at the last moment1 from two sources1 as follows3 7#a7 ,a very large collection of color-samples 7unfortunately mostly unnamed7 collected and mounted on cards by ,mr4 ,frederick ,a4 ,wampole1 a talented young artist1 to whom was delegated1 by a ,committee of the ,american ,mycological ,society1 the task of preparing a nomenclature of colors based upon spectroscopic determinations1 but which1 unfortunately1 the untimely death of ,mr4 ,wampole prevented from progressing beyond the accumulation of this collection4 ,for the use of this material ,i am indebted to the courtesy of ,dr4 ,frederick ,v4 ,coville1 ,botanist of the ,u4 ,s4 ,department of ,agriculture1 and ,mr4 ,p4 ,l4 ,ricker1 ,assistant ,botanist1 ,bureau of ,plant ,industry1 in the same ,department4 7#b7 ,a splendid collection of colored ,japanese silks1 taffetas1 velvets1 and other dress goods1 kindly sent me by ,mr4 ,c4 ,h4 ,hospital1 of the silk department of the firm of ,woodward and ,lothrop1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,the very large number of colors represented in this collection are all named and have afforded a considerable number of the names adopted in the present work4 ,for obvious reasons it has1 of course1 been necessary to ignore many trade names1 through which the popular nomenclature of colors has become involved in really chaotic confusion rendered more confounded by the continual coinage of new names1 many of them synonymous and most of them vague and variable in their application4 ,most of them are invented1 apparently without care or judgment1 by the dyer or manufacturer of fabrics1 and are as capricious in their meaning as in their origin2 for example3 ,such fanciful names as zulu1 serpent green1 baby blue1 new old rose1 ,london smoke1 etc41 and such nonsensical names as ashes of roses and elephant's breath4 ,an inspection of the sample books of manufacturers of fancy goods 7such as embroidery silks and crewels1 ribbons1 velvets1 and other dress- and upholstery-goods7 is sufficient not only to illustrate the above observations1 but to show also the absolute want of system or classification and the general unavailability of these trade names for adoption in a practical color nomenclature4 ,this is very unfortunate1 since many of these trade names have the merit of brevity and euphony and lack only the quality of stability4 ,it has been difficult for the author to decide whether the standards of his original ,nomenclature of ,colors 7#ahhf7 should be retained in the present work4 ,some of them are admittedly wrong 7indeed1 certain ones are not as they were intended to be72 besides1 owing to the method of reproducing the originals 7hand stenciling7 there is considerable variation in different copies of the book1 one or more reprints1 necessitating new mixtures of pigments1 adding to this lack of uniformity4#ag ,many persons1 however1 have urged the retention of the old standards1 on the ground that they have been used by so many zoologists and botanists in their writings during the last twenty-five years that they have become established through common usage4 ,this very important consideration has induced the author to retain such of the old standards as can be matched in the present work1 even though some of them do not agree strictly with either his own or the usual conception of the colors in question4 ,an asterisk 7997 preceding a color name indicates that the name in question is adopted from the older work1 the variation between different copies of the work requiring the selection1 in the new one1 of a color representing as nearly as possible an average of the former4 ,in any systematically arranged scheme1 unless the number of colors shown is practically unlimited1 it will1 necessarily1 be impossible to find represented thereon a certain proportion of colors comprised among even a very limited number selected at random1 or only roughly classified4 ,hence many 7thirty-six1 or more than five per cent47 of the colors shown in the old ,nomenclature of ,colors fall into the blank intervals of the present work1 being intermediate either in hue or tone1 or chroma1 sometimes all4 ,it is necessary of course to provide some means for the correlation of these with the present scheme1 which is done by the list on page #da1 where the position of each is shown4 ,the question of giving representations of metallic colors in this work was at one time considered2 but the idea was abandoned for the reason that these are in reality only ordinary colors reflected from a metallic or burnished surface1 or appearing as if so reflected2 the actual hue is precisely the same1 though often changeable according to angle of impact of the light rays1 and relative position of the eye1 this changeableness being sometimes due to interference4#ah ,colors again vary1 without actual difference of hue1 in regard to quality of texture or surface2 that is to say1 the color may be quite lustreless1 appearing on a dull1 sometimes velvety surface1 while again it may be more or less glossy1 even to the degree of appearing as if varnished4 ,to deal with these variations1 however1 requires simply the use of suitable adjectives4 ,for example3 ,to indicate a color which has no lustre or brightness1 the adjective matt 7or mat7 may be used1 in preference to dull1 which implies reduction in purity or chroma2 other adjectives1 appropriate in special cases1 being velvety1 glossy1 burnished metallic1 matt-metallic1 etc4 ,color ,terms4--,no other person has presented so forcibly the urgent need for reform in popular nomenclature nor stated so clearly and concisely its shortcomings and the simple remedy1 as ,mr4 ,milton ,bradley1 from one of whose educational pamphlets on the subject#ai the following is quoted3 ,the list of words now employed to express qualities or degrees of color is very small1 in fact a half dozen comprise the more common terms1 and these are pressed into service on all occasions1 and in such varied relations that they not only fail to express anything definite but constantly contradict themselves4444 ,tint1 ,hue and ,shade are employed so loosely by the public generally1 even by those people who claim to use ,english correctly1 that neither word has a very definite meaning1 although each is capable of being as accurately used as any other word in our every day vocabulary4444 ,certainly one would expect that men of learning1 at least1 would employ the broader color terms correctly2 but some of the highest authorities on color-physics habitually use them interchangeably1 as if they were quite synonymous2 and even the dictionaries1 with few exceptions1 give incorrect or hazy definitions of these terms4 ,it is not strictly correct to say a dark tint or light shade of any color1 because a tint implies a color paler than the full color1 while a shade means exactly the opposite2 and to say an orange shade 7or tint7 of red1 a greenish shade 7or tint7 of blue1 a bluish shade 7or tint7 of violet1 etc41 is an absurdity1 for the term hue1 which specifically and alone refers to relative position in the spectrum scale1 without reference to lightness or darkness1 is the only one which can correctly be used in such cases4 ,indeed the standardization of color terms is almost if not quite as important1 in the interest of educational progress1 as that of the colors themselves and their names2 therefore1 to make easy a clear understanding of the specific meaning of each1 the following definitions are given3-- ,color4--,the term of widest application1 being the only one which can be used to cover the entire range of chromatic manifestation2 that is to say1 the spectrum colors 7together with those between violet and red1 not shown in the spectrum7 with all their innumerable variations of luminosity1 mixture1 etc4 ,in a more restricted sense1 applied to the six distinct spectrum colors 7red1 orange1 yellow1 green1 blue1 and violet71 which are sometimes distinguished as fundamental colors or spectrum colors4 ,hue4--,while often used interchangeably or synonymously with color1 the term hue is more properly restricted by special application to those lying between any contiguous pair of spectrum colors 7also between violet and purple and between purple and red72 as an orange hue 7not shade or tint1 as so often incorrectly said7 of red2 a yellow hue of orange2 a greenish hue of yellow2 a bluish hue of green2 a violet hue of blue1 etc4 ,tint4--,any color 7pure or broken7 weakened by high illumination or 7in the case of pigments7 by admixture of white1 or 7in the case of dyes or washes7 by excess of aqueous or other liquid medium2 as1 a deep1 medium1 light1 pale or delicate 7pallid7 tint of red4 ,the term cannot correctly be used in any other sense4 ,shade4--,any color 7pure or broken7 darkened by shadow or 7in the case of pigments7 by admixture of black2 exactly the opposite of tint2 as a medium1 dark1 or very dark 7dusky7 shade of red4 ,tone4--,each step in a color scale is a tone of that color4#bj ,the term tone cannot1 however1 be properly applied to a step in the spectrum scale1 in which each contiguous pair of the six distinct spectrum or fundamental colors are connected by hues4 ,hence tone#ba is exclusively applicable to the steps in a scale of a single color or hue1 comprising the full color 7in the center7 and graduated tints and shades leading off therefrom in opposite directions2 or of neutral gray similarly graduated in tone from the darkest shade to the palest tint4 ,each one of the colored blocks in the vertical scales of the plates in this work represents a separate tone of that color4 ,scale4--,a linear series of colors showing a gradual transition from one to another1 or a similar series of tones of one color4 ,the first is a chromatic scale#bb 7or scale of colors and hues7 and in the plates of this work is represented by each horizontal series2 the second is a tone scale1 on the plates running vertically1 growing from the full color1 in the center1 to a pale tint 7at the top7 and a dark shade 7at the bottom74 ,for clearer comprehension of these two distinct scales1 each plate of this work may be compared to a sheet of woven fabric2 the chromatic scale 7horizontal7 representing the warp1 the luminosity or tone scale 7vertical7 the woof4 ,a third kind of color scale is represented by adding progressive increments of neutral gray to any color4 ,this is shown by the several series of ,plates1 of which the first 7,plates ,i-,,xii1 with colors numbered #a-ga7 represents each step in the spectrum scale unmixed with gray1 followed by five other series in which the same colors#bc are shown dulled by gradually increasing increments of neutral gray1 the first 7,plates ,,xiii-,,xxvi1 colors #a-ga7 containing #cb per cent41 the second 7,plates ,,xxvii-,,xxxviii1 colors #a-ga7 #eh per cent41 the third 7,plates ,,xxxix-,,xliv1 colors #a-fi7 #gg per cent41 the fourth 7,plates ,,xlv-,l1 colors #a-fi7 #ij per cent41 and the fifth 7,plates ,,li-,,liii1 colors #a1 #ae1 #bc1 #ce1 #di1 #ei and #fg7 #ie4e per cent4 of gray1 the last being in reality colored grays4 ,finally scales are shown 7on ,plate ,,liii7 of neutral gray 7in which all trace of color is wanting71 and of carbon gray1 a simple mixture of lamp-black and chinese white4 ,it is not easy to find a suitable name for these scales of reduced or broken colors1 but they may1 for present convenience1 be termed reduced or broken scales4 ,full ,color4--,a color corresponding in intensity with its manifestation in the solar spectrum4 ,pure ,color4--,a color corresponding in purity with 7or1 in the case of material colors1 closely approximating to7 one of the spectrum colors4 ,broken ,color4--,any one of the spectrum colors or hues dulled or reduced in purity by admixture 7in any proportion7 of neutral gray1 or varying relative proportions of both black and white2 also produced by admixture of certain spectrum colors1 as red with green1 orange with blue1 yellow with violet1 etc4 ,these broken colors are far more numerous in ,nature than the pure spectrum colors1 and include the almost infinite variations of brown1 russet1 citrine1 olive1 drab1 etc4 ,they are often called dull or neutral colors4 ,fundamental ,colors4--,the six psychologically distinct colors of the solar spectrum2 ,red1 ,orange1 ,yellow1 ,green1 ,blue1 and ,violet4 ,primary ,colors4--,theoretically1 any of the spectrum colors which cannot be made by mixture of two other colors4 ,according to the generally accepted ,young-,helmholtz theory1 the primary colors are red1 green1 and violet3 orange and yellow resulting from a mixture of red and green1 and blue from a mixture of green and violet4 ,there is considerable difference of opinion1 however1 as to this question1 and further investigation of the subject seems to be required2 at any rate1 authorities fail to explain why red may be exactly reproduced 7except as to the degree of luminosity7 by a mixture of orange and violet1 exactly as yellow results from mixture of red and green or blue from green or violet1 green being1 in fact1 the only spectrum color that cannot be made by mixture of other colors4#bd ,chroma4--,degree of freedom from white light2 purity1 intensity or fullness of color4 ,luminosity4--,degree of brightness or clearness4 ,the relative luminosity of the spectrum colors is as follows3 ,yellow 7brightest781 orange yellow2 orange2 greenish-yellow1 yellow-green1 and green2 orange-red2 red and blue 7equal72 violet-blue1 blue-violet1 violet4#be ,warm ,colors4--,the colors nearer the red end of the spectrum or those of longer wave-lengths 7red1 orange1 and yellow1 and connecting hues7 and combinations in which they predominate4#bf ,cool1 or ,cold1 ,colors4--,the colors nearer the violet end of the spectrum or those of shorter wave-length1 especially blue and green-blue4 ,but it is1 perhaps1 questionable whether green and violet may be termed either warm or cool4 ,complementary ,color4--,as white light is the sum of all color1 if we take from white light a given color the remaining color is the complement of the given color4 ,when any two colors or hues which when combined in proper proportion on the color-wheel produce1 by rotation1 neutral gray1 these two colors each represent the complementary of the other4 ,constants of ,color4--,the constants of color are numbers which measure 7#a7 the wave-length1 7#b7 the chroma1 and 7#c7 the luminosity4 ,in addition to the terms defined above there are many others1 for which the reader is referred to the chapter on ,color ,definitions on pages #bc-cj of ,milton ,bradley's excellent and most useful book ,elementary ,color4 ,,table ,,of ,,percentages ,,of ,,component ,,colors ,,in ,,the ,,connecting ,,hues ,,of ,,the ,,chromatic ,,scale4 ,the following table shows the relative percentages1 in color-wheel measurement1 of the two components in each of the hues connecting adjacent pairs of the six spectrum colors as represented on the original ,plates of this work2 together with an equal number of exact intermediates 7not shown on the ,plates71 the latter in lower-case type and not indicated by symbols4 ,number4 ,color4 ,red4 ,orange4 ,yellow4 ,green4 ,blue4 ,violet4 ,wavelength4#bg #a ,red #ajj #fdd #b #ij #aj #c ,o-,r #hj #bj #d #gj #cj #e ,,oo-,r #fj #dj #f #ej #ej #g ,r-,o #dj #fj #h #cj #gj #i ,,or-,o #bj #hj #aj #aj #ij #aa ,orange #ajj #eih #ab #if #d #ac ,,oy-,o #ia #i #ad #hf #ad #ae ,y-,o #hj #bj #af #gc4e #bf4e #ag ,o-,y #fe #ce #ah #ef4e #dc4e #ai ,,yo-,y #dg #ec #bj #cf4e #fc4e #ba ,o-,,yy #be #ge #bb #ac4e #hf4e #bc ,yellow #ajj #egg #bd #hg #ac #be ,,yg-,y #ge #be #bf #fd #cf #bg ,g-,y #ee #de #bh #df #ed #bi ,,gg-,y #ci #fa #cj #ca #fi #ca ,y-,g #bd #gf #cb #ag #hc #cc ,,gy-,g #aa #hi #cd #f #id #ce ,green #ajj #ebj #cf #if4e #c4e #cg ,,gb-,g #ic #g #ch #ij #aj #ci ,b-,g #he #ae #dj #ha #ai #da ,,bb-,g #ge #be #db #fi #ca #dc ,g-,b #fa #ci #dd #ed #df #de ,,bg-,b #de #ee #df #cf #fd #dg ,g-,,bb #be #ge #dh #ac #hg #di ,blue #ajj #dgc #ej #hd #af #ea ,,bv-,b #gb #bh #eb #fd #cf #ec ,v-,b #ed #df #ed #dg #ec #ee ,b-,v #dj #fj #ef #cb #fh #eg ,,vb-,v #bb #gh #eh #ab #hh #ei ,violet #ajj #daj #fj #c #ig #fa ,,vr-,v #g #ic #fb #aa #hi #fc ,r-,v #ah #hb #fd #bd #gf #fe ,,rr-,v #cc #fg #ff #da #ei #fg ,v-,r #eb #dh #fh #fd #cf #fi ,,rv-,r #gd #bf #gj #hc #ag #ga ,v-,,rr #ij #aj #gb #ie4e #d4e ,,table ,,showing ,,percentage ,,of ,,white ,,and ,,black1 ,,respectively1 ,,in ,,each ,,tone ,,of ,,the ,,tone ,,or ,,luminosity ,,scales4 ,all of the vertical scales in the original ,plates of this work 7the scale of carbon grays alone excepted7 contain the following percentages by color-wheel measurement3 ,,tone4 ,,percentages4 ,white4 ,color4 ,black4 7,white7 #ajj 7g7 #gj #cj f #de #ee 7e7 #cb #fh d #bb4e #gg4e 7c7 #ae #he b #i4e #ij4e 7a7 #e #ie 7,full ,color7 #ajj 7h7 #fd #bf i #ee #de 7j7 #da #ei k #bi4e #gj4e 7l7 #bj #hj m #ab4e #hg4e 7n7 #f #id 7,black7 #ajj ,one of the most serious difficulties encountered in the preparation of the ,plates of this work was the apparent impracticability of reproducing satisfactory shades of pure colors4 ,this originated in the fact that there seems to be no substance 7pigment1 dye1 or fabric7 which represents a true black1 all reflecting more or less of white light1 and consequently producing shades which are dull or broken4 ,the difficulty is increased by the additional fact that any black pigment mixed with almost any color falls short of even the color-wheel mixture in purity of hue in the resulting shades1 owing to the very considerable amount of gray in all black pigments4 ,chromolithography can be made to produce clearer and better shades of the pure colors1 but is distinctly objectionable for the purpose of a work of this kind owing to eventual oxidation of the oil or varnish with which the pigments are combined in lithographic inks1 causing a change of hue2 reds becoming more orange1 blues more greenish1 etc41 in course of time4 ,while the absence 7in large part7 of pure chromatic shades is much to be regretted1 the defect is not so serious1 from the standpoint of utility1 as might appear at first sight2 for while saturated or darkened pure colors are not uncommon in the animal1 vegetable1 and mineral kingdoms1 more or less broken dark colors are infinitely more so2 and since the latter are greatly increased in number by the defect mentioned the actual result is rather an advantage than otherwise4 ,it will doubtless be noticed that there is a conspicuous difference in relative darkness between shades of yellow and contiguous hues on the one hand and corresponding ones of violet and adjacent hues on the other1 as if the percentage of black in each were very different4 ,this1 however1 is entirely the result of difference of luminosity of the two sets of colors1 that of yellow being between #gjjj and #hjjj while that of violet is only about #ac2bh for the percentage of black in corresponding tones of the vertical scales is precisely the same for each color throughout the chromatic scale of this work4 ,,table ,,showing ,,percentages ,,of ,,neutral ,,gray ,,in ,,the ,,broken ,,color ,,scales4 ,every ,plate in each series of broken colors 7 to 7 contains exactly the same percentage of neutral gray in each color1 the relative amount increasing progressively in the several series1 as shown in the following table4 ,the percentages of white in the tints and of black in the shades of the tone scales are in all cases exactly the same as in the tone scales of pure colors4 ,,series4 ,,percentages4 ,color4 ,neutral ,gray4 ,pure ,colors #ajj 77 #fh #cb 77 #db #eh 77 #bc #gg 77 #aj #ij 77 #d4e #ie4e ,neutral ,gray #ajj ,,table ,,of ,,percentage ,,of ,,black ,,and ,,white ,,in ,,the ,,different ,,tones ,,of ,,carbon ,,gray4 ,,tone ,,number4 ,,percentages4 ,black4 ,white4 #a #ajj #b #ih #b #c #id4e #e4e #d #hi4e #aj4e #e #hc #ag #f #ge #be #g #fg4e #cb4e #h #eh4e #da4e #i #dg #ec #aj #cj #gj ,note4--,the percentages given in the preceding tables may not in all cases be precisely those actually contained in the colors on the ,plates1 since absolute precision in reproduction is hardly possible4 ,all that can be claimed is a reasonably close approximation to the ideal4 ,,dyes ,,and ,,pigments ,,used ,,in ,,the ,,preparation ,,of ,,the ,,maxwell ,,disks1 ,,representing ,,the ,,thirty-,,six ,,colors ,,of ,,the ,,pure ,,spectrum ,,scale1 ,,forming ,,the ,,basis ,,of ,,the ,,color-,,scheme ,,of ,,this ,,work4#bi ,red4--,devoe's geranium lake 7dry71 its orange hue neutralized by a wash of rhodamin b4 7,crocein scarlet b4 washed with rhodamin b4 produces practically the same fine red47 ,hues between red and orange4--,crocein scarlet b4 with gold orange4 ,orange4--,gold orange with orange g4 ,hues between orange and yellow4--,orange g4 with auramin4 ,yellow4--,auramin1 rather dilute4 7,the best substitute among pigments is a fine quality of zinc yellow1 as ,hatfield's47 ,hues between yellow and green4--,auramin washed with light green4 ,green4--,auramin 7very dilute7 washed with light green4 7,the auramin should be applied first1 because it sets or becomes fast quickly1 while the light green does not1 but is largely removed by overwashes of the yellow1 thus rendering it very difficult to get the desired hue47 ,hues between green and blue4--,methyl green2 the same washed with light blue 7,diamond ,dye72 for the hues nearer blue1 light blue washed with ,winsor and ,newton's permanent blue or new blue 7the least violet-hued of the artificial ultramarines74 ,blue4--,light blue washed with permanent blue or new blue4 7,although the color is nearer that of the artificial ultramarines named1 it is useless to apply the latter first1 for overwashes of the light blue merely sink through and darken the color without improving the hue4 ,a moderately saturated solution of the light blue should be applied first1 and when this is dry covered with one or more rather thin washes of the permanent blue or new blue74 ,hues between blue and violet4--,winsor and ,newton's permanent blue and some of the more violet-hued artificial ultramarines1 the hues nearer violet washed with crystal violet or gentian violet4 ,violet4--,crystal violet4 ,hues between violet and red4--,methyl violet #a;b4 washed with rhodamin b42 for hues nearer red1 rhodamin b4 with ,devoe's geranium red 7dry7 or crocein scarlet b4 ,while more or less similar in hue to rhodamin b41 several other aniline dyes1 as acid fuchsin1 rubin s41 rosein1 magenta1 etc41 do not combine satisfactorily with the violets1 the mixture soon becoming dark or dull and none of them are quite as pure a purple or red-violet4 ,it is most important to remember that disks thus colored must be carefully protected from light when not in actual use and never exposed to direct sunlight4 ,the artificial ultramarines are1 of course1 permanent1 and so1 practically1 are crocein scarlet1 gold orange1 orange g41 and auramin--that is to say1 are not materially affected by the action of light except after very prolonged exposure1 though the last named undergoes a change of hue2 but the green and violet aniline dyes are all very evanescent1 rapidly fading and eventually disappearing2 light blue and rhodamin1 while sensitive to light1 are far less so than the greens and violets4 ,,alphabetical ,,list ,,of ,,colors ,,represented ,,on ,,plates ,,of ,,this ,,work ,,color ,,name4 ,plate4 ,color or hue ,number4 ,tone4 ,absinthe ,green ,,xxxi #bi -- ,acajou ,red ,,xiii #a i ,acetin ,blue ,,xxxv #di k ,ackermann's ,green ,,xviii #ce k ,aconite ,violet ,,xxxvii #fc -- ,ageratum ,violet ,,xxxvii #fc b ,alice ,blue ,,xxxiv #de b ,alizarine ,blue ,,xxi #ea m ,alizarine ,pink ,,xiii #a d ,amaranth ,pink ,,xii #fi d ,amaranth ,purple ,,xii #fi i ,amber ,brown ,,iii #ac k ,amber ,yellow ,,xvi #ba b ,american ,green ,,xli #cc i ,amethyst ,violet ,,xi #fa -- ,amparo ,blue ,,ix #ea b ,amparo ,purple ,,xi #fc b ,andover ,green ,,xlvii #be i ,aniline ,black ,l #fi m ,aniline ,lilac ,,xxxv #ec d ,aniline ,yellow ,,iv #ai i ,anthracene ,green ,,vii #ci m ,anthracene ,purple ,,xliv #fi k ,anthracene ,violet ,,xxv #fa k ,antimony ,yellow ,,xv #ag b ,antique ,brown ,,iii #ag k ,antique ,green ,,vi #ce m 99,antwerp ,blue ,,viii #de k 99,apple ,green ,,xvii #bi -- ,apricot ,buff ,,xiv #aa b ,apricot ,orange ,,xiv #aa -- ,apricot ,yellow ,,iv #ai b ,argus ,brown ,,iii #ac m ,argyle ,purple ,,xxxvii #fe b ,army ,brown ,,xl #ac i ,artemisia ,green ,,xlvii #cc -- ,asphodel ,green ,,xli #bi -- 99,aster ,purple ,,xii #fg i ,auburn ,,ii #aa m 99,auricula ,purple ,,xxvi #fi k ,avellaneous ,,xl #ag b ,azurite ,blue ,,ix #ec m ,barium ,yellow ,,xvi #bc d ,baryta ,yellow ,,iv #ba f 99,bay ,,ii #g m ,begonia ,rose ,i #a b ,benzo ,brown ,,xlvi #ac i ,benzol ,green ,,vii #da -- 99,berlin ,blue ,,viii #dg m ,beryl ,blue ,,viii #dc f 99,beryl ,green ,,xix #da b 99,bice ,green ,,xvii #bi k ,biscay ,green ,,xvii #bg i ,bishop's ,purple ,,xxxvii #fe -- 99,bister ,,xxix #ae m ,bittersweet ,orange ,,ii #i b ,bittersweet ,pink ,,ii #i d 99,black ,,liii #gc 7#a7 ,blackish ,brown 7#a7 ,,xlv #a m ,blackish ,brown 7#b7 ,,xlv #e m ,blackish ,brown 7#c7 ,,xlv #i m ,blackish ,green-,blue ,,viii #dc m ,blackish ,green-,gray ,,lii #ce m ,blackish ,mouse ,gray ,,li #ae m ,blackish ,plumbeous ,,lii #di k ,blackish ,purple ,,xi #fe m ,blackish ,red-,purple ,,xii #fg m 99,blackish ,slate ,,liii #ge 7#c7 ,blackish ,violet ,x #ei m ,blackish ,violet-,gray ,,lii #ei m ,blanc's ,blue ,,xx #dg k ,blanc's ,violet ,,xxiii #ei k ,blue-,violet ,x #ee -- ,blue-,violet ,black ,,xlix #eg m ,bluish ,black ,,xlix #di m ,bluish ,glaucous ,,xlii #cg f ,bluish ,gray-,green ,,xlii #da -- ,bluish ,lavender ,,xxxvi #eg d ,bluish ,slate-,black ,,xlviii #de m ,bluish ,violet ,x #eg -- ,bone ,brown ,,xl #ac m ,bordeaux ,,xii #ga k 99,bottle ,green ,,xix #cg m ,bradley's ,blue ,,ix #ea -- ,bradley's ,violet ,,xxiii #ei -- ,brazil ,red ,i #e i ,bremen ,blue ,,xx #dc b 99,brick ,red ,,xiii #e k ,bright ,chalcedony ,yellow ,,xvii #be -- ,bright ,green-,yellow ,v #bg -- ,brownish ,drab ,,xlv #i -- ,brownish ,olive ,,xxx #ai m ,brownish ,vinaceous ,,xxxix #e b ,brussels ,brown ,,iii #ae m ,buckthorn ,brown ,,xv #ag i 99,buff-,pink ,,xxviii #aa d 99,buff-,yellow ,,iv #ai d ,buffy ,brown ,,xl #ag i ,buffy ,citrine ,,xvi #ai k ,buffy ,olive ,,xxx #ba k ,burn ,blue ,,xxxiv #dg f ,burnt ,lake ,,xii #ga m 99,burnt ,sienna ,,ii #i k 99,burnt ,umber ,,xxviii #i m ,cacao ,brown ,,xxviii #i i ,cadet ,blue ,,xxi #di i ,cadet ,gray ,,xlii #de b 99,cadmium ,orange ,,iii #ac -- 99,cadmium ,yellow ,,iii #ag -- ,calamine ,blue ,,viii #dc d ,calla ,green ,v #be m ,calliste ,green ,,vi #ca i ,cameo ,brown ,,xxviii #g k ,cameo ,pink ,,xxvi #ga f 99,campanula ,blue ,,xxiv #ee99 b ,capri ,blue ,,xx #dc i ,capucine ,buff ,,iii #ac f ,capucine ,orange ,,iii #ac d ,capucine ,yellow ,,iii #ae b 99,carmine ,i #a i ,carnelian ,red ,,xiv #g -- ,carob ,brown ,,xiv #i m ,carrot ,red ,,xiv #g b ,cartridge ,buff ,,xxx #ai f ,castor ,gray ,,lii #ce i ,cedar ,green ,,vi #ca m ,celandine ,green ,,xlvii #cc b ,cendre ,blue ,,viii #dc b ,cendre ,green ,,vi #ce b ,cerro ,green ,v #bg m 99,cerulean ,blue ,,viii #de -- ,chaetura ,black ,,xlvi #ag m ,chaetura ,drab ,,xlvi #ag k ,chalcedony ,yellow ,,xvii #be b ,chamois ,,xxx #ai b ,chapman's ,blue ,,xxii #di99 i ,chartreuse ,yellow ,,xxxi #be d ,chatenay ,pink ,,xiii #c f ,chessylite ,blue ,,xx #de k 99,chestnut ,,ii #i m ,chestnut-,brown ,,xiv #aa m ,chicory ,blue ,,xxiv #eg99 d 99,china ,blue ,,xx #de i ,chinese ,violet ,,xxv #fe b 99,chocolate ,,xxviii #g m 99,chromium ,green ,,xxxii #ca i ,chrysolite ,green ,,xxxi #bg b ,chrysoprase ,green ,,vii #cg b 99,cinereous ,,lii #di d 99,cinnamon ,,xxix #ae -- ,cinnamon-,brown ,,xv #ae k ,cinnamon-,buff ,,xxix #ag b ,cinnamon-,drab ,,xlvi #ac -- 99,cinnamon-,rufous ,,xiv #aa i ,citrine ,,iv #ba k ,citrine-,drab ,,xl #ba i ,citron ,green ,,xxxi #be b 99,citron ,yellow ,,xvi #bc b ,civette ,green ,,xviii #ca k 99,claret ,brown ,i #e m 99,clay ,color ,,xxix #ag -- ,clear ,cadet ,blue ,,xxi #di -- ,clear ,dull ,green ,yellow ,,xvii #bg b ,clear ,fluorite ,green ,,xxxii #cc b ,clear ,green-,blue ,gray ,,xlviii #de d ,clear ,payne's ,gray ,,xlix #di b ,clear ,windsor ,blue ,,xxxv #di -- ,clear ,yellow-,green ,,vi #ca b 99,clove ,brown ,,xl #ag m ,cobalt ,green ,,xix #cg b ,colonial ,buff ,,xxx #ba d ,columbia ,blue ,,xxxiv #dg b ,commelina ,blue ,,xxi #ea -- ,congo ,pink ,,xxviii #g b ,coral ,pink ,,xiii #e d 99,coral ,red ,,xiii #e -- ,corinthian ,pink ,,xxvii #c d ,corinthian ,purple ,,xxxviii #fi k ,corinthian ,red ,,xxvii #c -- ,cornflower ,blue ,,xxi #ec -- ,corydalis ,green ,,xli #bi d ,cossack ,green ,,vi #cc m ,cosse ,green ,v #bi i ,cotinga ,purple ,,xi #fc k ,courge ,green ,,xvii #be i ,court ,gray ,,xlvii #bi f 99,cream ,color ,,xvi #ai f 99,cream-,buff ,,xxx #ai d ,cress ,green ,,xxxi #bi k 99,cyanine ,blue ,,ix #ea m ,dahlia ,carmine ,,xxvi #ga k 99,dahlia ,purple ,,xii #fg k ,danube ,green ,,xxxii #ce m ,daphne ,pink ,,xxxviii #fi b ,daphne ,red ,,xxxviii #fi -- ,dark ,american ,green ,,xli #cc k ,dark ,aniline ,blue ,x #ee m ,dark ,anthracene ,violet ,,xxv #fa m ,dark ,bluish ,glaucous ,,xlii #cg b ,dark ,bluish ,gray-,green ,,xlii #da k ,dark ,bluish ,violet ,x #eg m ,dark ,cadet ,blue ,,xxi #di m ,dark ,chessylite ,blue ,,xx #de m ,dark ,cinnabar ,green ,,xix #ci k ,dark ,citrine ,,iv #ba m ,dark ,corinthian ,purple ,,xxxviii #fi m ,dark ,cress ,green ,,xxxi #bi m ,dark ,delft ,blue ,,xlii #de m ,dark ,diva ,blue ,,xxi #ea k ,dark ,dull ,bluish ,violet 7#a7 ,,xxiv #eg99 k ,dark ,dull ,bluish ,violet 7#b7 ,,xxxv #ea k ,dark ,dull ,bluish ,violet 7#c7 ,,xxxvi #eg k ,dark ,dull ,violet-,blue ,,xxiv #ec99 k ,dark ,dull ,violet-,blue ,,xxxv #ec k ,dark ,dull ,yellow-,green ,,xxxii #ca m ,dark ,glaucous-,gray ,,xlviii #cg b ,dark ,gobelin ,blue ,,xxxiv #dc k ,dark ,grayish ,blue-,green ,,xlviii #cg k ,dark ,grayish ,blue-,violet ,,xxiv #ee99 k ,dark ,grayish ,brown ,,xlv #e k ,dark ,grayish ,lavender ,,xliii #eg b ,dark ,grayish ,olive ,,xlvi #ba k ,dark ,green ,,xviii #ce m ,dark ,green-,blue ,gray ,,xlviii #de -- ,dark ,green-,blue ,slate ,,xlviii #de k ,dark ,greenish ,glaucous ,,xli #cc b ,dark ,greenish ,olive ,,xxx #bc m ,dark ,gull ,gray ,,liii #ge 7#f7 ,dark ,heliotrope ,gray ,l #fe -- ,dark ,heliotrope ,slate ,l #fe k ,dark ,hyssop ,violet ,,xxxvi #ei k ,dark ,indian ,red ,,xxvii #c m ,dark ,ivy ,green ,,xlvii #be k ,dark ,lavender ,,xliv #fa b ,dark ,livid ,brown ,,xxxix #a k ,dark ,livid ,purple ,,xxxvii #fc m ,dark ,madder ,blue ,,xliii #ec k ,dark ,madder ,violet ,,xxv #fc m ,dark ,maroon ,purple ,,xxvi #ga m ,dark ,medici ,blue ,,xlviii #da i ,dark ,mineral ,red ,,xxvii #a m ,dark ,mouse ,gray ,,li #ae k ,dark ,naphthalene ,violet ,,xxxvii #fa m ,dark ,neutral ,gray ,,liii #gc k ,dark ,nigrosin ,violet ,,xxv #fe m ,dark ,olive ,,xl #ba m ,dark ,olive-,buff ,,xl #ba -- ,dark ,olive-,gray ,,li #bc i ,dark ,orient ,blue ,,xxxiv #de k ,dark ,payne's ,gray ,,xlix #di k ,dark ,perilla ,purple ,,xxxvii #fe m ,dark ,plumbago ,blue ,,xliii #ec b ,dark ,plumbago ,gray ,l #fa -- ,dark ,plumbago ,slate ,l #fa k ,dark ,plumbeous ,,lii #di i ,dark ,porcelain ,green ,,xxxiii #ci k ,dark ,purple-,drab ,,xlv #a i ,dark ,purplish ,gray ,,liii #fg k ,dark ,quaker ,drab ,,li #a k ,dark ,russian ,green ,,xlii #cg k ,dark ,slate-,purple ,,xliv #fe k ,dark ,slate-,violet 7#a7 ,,xliii #eg k ,dark ,slate-,violet 7#b7 ,,xliv #fa k ,dark ,soft ,blue-,violet ,,xxiii #ee k ,dark ,soft ,bluish ,violet ,,xxiii #eg k ,dark ,sulphate ,green ,,xix #ci i ,dark ,terre ,verte ,,xxxiii #da k ,dark ,tyrian ,blue ,,xxxiv #dg k ,dark ,varley's ,gray ,,xlix #eg k ,dark ,vinaceous ,,xxvii #a -- ,dark ,vinaceous-,brown ,,xxxix #e k ,dark ,vinaceous-,drab ,,xlv #e i ,dark ,vinaceous-,gray ,l #fi -- ,dark ,vinaceous-,purple ,,xxxviii #fg k ,dark ,violet ,x #ei k ,dark ,violet-,gray ,,lii #ei k ,dark ,violet-,slate ,,xlix #ec k ,dark ,viridian ,green ,,vii #cg k ,dark ,yellowish ,green ,,xviii #cc m ,dark ,yvette ,violet ,,xxxvi #ee m ,dark ,zinc ,green ,,xix #cg k ,dauphin's ,violet ,,xxiii #ei i ,dawn ,gray ,,lii #ce d ,deep ,aniline ,lilac ,,xxxv #ec b ,deep ,blue-,violet ,x #ee i ,deep ,bluish ,glaucous ,,xlii #cg d ,deep ,bluish ,gray-,green ,,xlii #da i ,deep ,brownish ,drab ,,xlv #i i ,deep ,brownish ,vinaceous ,,xxxix #e -- ,deep ,cadet ,blue ,,xxi #di k ,deep ,chicory ,blue ,,xxiv #eg99 b 99,deep ,chrome ,,iii #ag b ,deep ,chrysolite ,green ,,xxxi #bg -- ,deep ,colonial ,buff ,,xxx #ba b ,deep ,corinthian ,red ,,xxvii #c i ,deep ,delft ,blue ,,xlii #de k ,deep ,dull ,bluish ,violet 7#a7 ,,xxiv #eg99 i ,deep ,dull ,bluish ,violet 7#b7 ,,xxxv #ea i ,deep ,dull ,bluish ,violet 7#c7 ,,xxxvi #eg i ,deep ,dull ,lavender ,,xliv #fa d ,deep ,dull ,violaceous ,blue ,,xxii #ea99 k ,deep ,dull ,violet-,blue ,,xxxv #ec i ,deep ,dull ,yellow-,green 7#a7 ,,xxxii #ca k ,deep ,dull ,yellow-,green 7#b7 ,,xxxii #cc k ,deep ,dutch ,blue ,,xliii #di -- ,deep ,glaucous-,gray ,,xlviii #cg d ,deep ,glaucous-,green ,,xxxiii #ci b ,deep ,grape ,green ,,xli #be i ,deep ,grayish ,blue-,green ,,xlviii #cg i ,deep ,grayish ,lavender ,,xliii #eg d ,deep ,grayish ,olive ,,xlvi #ba i ,deep ,green-,blue ,gray ,,xlviii #de b ,deep ,greenish ,glaucous ,,xli #cc d ,deep ,gull ,gray ,,liii #ge 7#g7 ,deep ,heliotrope ,gray ,l #fe b ,deep ,hellebore ,red ,,xxxviii #ga i ,deep ,hyssop ,violet ,,xxxvi #ei i ,deep ,lavender ,,xxxvi #ei d ,deep ,lavender-,blue ,,xxi #ec b ,deep ,lichen ,green ,,xxxiii #cg d ,deep ,livid ,brown ,,xxxix #a i ,deep ,livid ,purple ,,xxxvii #fc k ,deep ,madder ,blue ,,xliii #ec i ,deep ,malachite ,green ,,xxxii #ce -- ,deep ,medici ,blue ,,xlviii #da -- ,deep ,mouse ,gray ,,li #ae i ,deep ,neutral ,gray ,,liii #gc i ,deep ,olive ,,xl #ba k ,deep ,olive-,buff ,,xl #ba b ,deep ,olive-,gray ,,li #bc -- ,deep ,orient ,blue ,,xxxiv #de i ,deep ,payne's ,gray ,,xlix #di i ,deep ,plumbago ,blue ,,xliii #ec d ,deep ,plumbago ,gray ,l #fa b ,deep ,plumbeous ,,lii #di -- ,deep ,purplish ,gray ,,liii #fg i ,deep ,purplish ,vinaceous ,,xliv #fi -- ,deep ,quaker ,drab ,,li #a i ,deep ,rose-,pink ,,xii #ga d ,deep ,seafoam ,green ,,xxxi #bg d ,deep ,slate-,blue ,,xliii #di k ,deep ,slate-,green ,,xlvii #cc k ,deep ,slate-,olive ,,xlvii #bi k ,deep ,slate-,violet ,,xliv #fa i ,deep ,slaty ,brown ,l #fi k ,deep ,soft ,blue-,violet ,,xxiii #ee i ,deep ,soft ,bluish ,violet ,,xxiii #eg i ,deep ,turtle ,green ,,xxxii #ca -- ,deep ,varley's ,gray ,,xlix #eg i ,deep ,vinaceous ,,xxvii #a b ,deep ,vinaceous-,gray ,l #fi b ,deep ,vinaceous-,lavender ,,xliv #fe d ,deep ,violet-,gray ,,lii #ei i ,deep ,violet-,plumbeous ,,xlix #ec -- ,deep ,wedgewood ,blue ,,xxi #ea d ,delft ,blue ,,xlii #de i ,diamin-,azo ,blue ,,xxxv #ea m ,diamine ,brown ,,xiii #c m ,diamine ,green ,,vii #cg m ,diva ,blue ,,xxi #ea i 99,drab ,,xlvi #ag -- 99,drab-,gray ,,xlvi #ag d 99,dragon's-blood ,red ,,xiii #e i ,dresden ,brown ,,xv #ag k ,duck ,green ,,xix #ci m ,dull ,blackish ,green ,,xli #cc m ,dull ,blue-,green ,black ,,xlviii #da m ,dull ,blue-,violet 7#a7 ,,xxiv #ee99 -- ,dull ,blue-,violet 7#b7 ,,xxxvi #ee i ,dull ,bluish ,violet 7#a7 ,,xxiv #eg99 -- ,dull ,bluish ,violet 7#b7 ,,xxxv #ea -- ,dull ,bluish ,violet 7#c7 ,,xxxvi #eg -- ,dull ,citrine ,,xvi #ba k ,dull ,dark ,purple ,,xxvi #fg k ,dull ,dusky ,purple ,,xxvi #fg m ,dull ,green-,yellow ,,xvii #bg -- ,dull ,greenish ,black 7#a7 ,,xlvii #bi m ,dull ,greenish ,black 7#b7 ,,xlvii #cc m ,dull ,indian ,purple ,,xliv #fi i ,dull ,lavender ,,xliv #fa f ,dull ,magenta ,purple ,,xxvi #fg i ,dull ,opaline ,green ,,xix #cg f ,dull ,purplish ,black ,l #fe m ,dull ,violaceous ,blue ,,xxii #ea99 -- ,dull ,violet-,black 7#a7 ,,xliv #fa m ,dull ,violet-,black 7#b7 ,,xlix #ec m ,dull ,violet-,black 7#c7 ,l #fa m ,dull ,violet-,blue ,,xxiv #ec99 -- ,dull ,violet-,blue ,,xxxv #ec -- ,dusky ,auricula ,purple ,,xxvi #fi m ,dusky ,blue ,,xxii #di99 m ,dusky ,blue-,green ,,xxxiii #ci m ,dusky ,blue-,violet 7#a7 ,,xxiii #eg m ,dusky ,blue-,violet 7#b7 ,,xxiv #ee99 m ,dusky ,bluish ,green ,,xxxiii #da m ,dusky ,brown ,,xlv #a k ,dusky ,drab ,,xlv #i k ,dusky ,dull ,bluish ,green ,,xlii #da m ,dusky ,dull ,green ,,xlii #cg m ,dusky ,dull ,violet 7#a7 ,,xxxvi #eg m ,dusky ,dull ,violet 7#b7 ,,xxxvi #ei m ,dusky ,dull ,violet-,blue ,,xxxv #ec m ,dusky ,green ,,xxxiii #cg m ,dusky ,green-,blue 7#a7 ,,xx #dc m ,dusky ,green-,blue 7#b7 ,,xxxiv #dc m ,dusky ,green-,gray ,,lii #ce k ,dusky ,greenish ,blue ,,xx #dg m ,dusky ,neutral ,gray ,,liii #gc m ,dusky ,olive-,green ,,xli #be m ,dusky ,orient ,blue ,,xxxiv #de m ,dusky ,purplish ,gray ,,liii #fg m ,dusky ,slate-,blue ,,xliii #di m ,dusky ,slate-,violet ,,xliii #eg m ,dusky ,violet ,,xxiii #ei m ,dusky ,violet-,blue 7#a7 ,,xxiii #ee m ,dusky ,violet-,blue 7#b7 ,,xliii #ec m ,dusky ,yellowish ,green ,,xli #bi m ,dutch ,blue ,,xliii #di b 99,ecru-,drab ,,xlvi #ac d ,ecru-,olive ,,xxx #ba i ,elm ,green ,,xvii #bg m 99,emerald ,green ,,vi #ce -- ,empire ,green ,,xxxii #cc m ,empire ,yellow ,,iv #ba b ,endive ,blue ,,xliii #di d ,english ,red ,,ii #g i ,eosine ,pink ,i #a d ,etain ,blue ,,xx #dc f ,ethyl ,green ,,vii #da i ,eton ,blue ,,xxii #di99 k ,etruscan ,red ,,xxvii #e -- ,eugenia ,red ,,xiii #a -- ,eupatorium ,purple ,,xxxviii #fg -- 99,fawn ,color ,,xl #ac -- 99,ferruginous ,,xiv #i i 99,flame ,scarlet ,,ii #i -- 99,flax-flower ,blue ,,xxi #ea b 99,flesh ,color ,,xiv #g d ,flesh ,ocher ,,xiv #i b ,flesh ,pink ,,xiii #e f ,fluorite ,green ,,xxxii #cc -- ,fluorite ,violet ,,xi #fa m ,forest ,green ,,xvii #bi m ,forget-me-not ,blue ,,xxii #ea99 b 99,french ,gray ,,lii #di f 99,french ,green ,,xxxii #ce i ,fuscous ,,xlvi #ac k ,fuscous-,black ,,xlvi #ac m ,garnet ,brown ,i #c k ,gendarme ,blue ,,xxii #dg99 k ,gentian ,blue ,,xxi #ec i 99,geranium ,pink ,i #c d ,glass ,green ,,xxxi #bi d ,glaucous ,,xli #bi f 99,glaucous-,blue ,,xxxiv #dc b ,glaucous-,gray ,,xlviii #cg f 99,glaucous-,green ,,xxxiii #ci d ,gnaphalium ,green ,,xlvii #bi d ,gobelin ,blue ,,xxxiv #dc i ,grape ,green ,,xli #be -- 99,grass ,green ,,vi #cc k ,grayish ,blue-,green ,,xlviii #cg -- ,grayish ,blue-,violet 7#a7 ,,xxiv #ee99 i ,grayish ,blue-,violet 7#b7 ,,xxxv #ea b ,grayish ,lavender ,,xliii #eg f ,grayish ,olive ,,xlvi #ba -- ,grayish ,violaceous ,blue ,,xxii #ea99 i ,grayish ,violet-,blue ,,xxiv #ec99 i ,green-,blue ,slate ,,xlviii #de i ,green-,yellow ,v #bg b ,greenish ,glaucous ,,xli #cc f ,greenish ,glaucous-,blue ,,xlii #da b ,greenish ,slate-,black ,,xlviii #cg m ,greenish ,yellow ,v #be -- ,grenadine ,,ii #g b ,grenadine ,pink ,,ii #g d ,grenadine ,red ,,ii #g -- ,guinea ,green ,,vii #ci i ,gull ,gray ,,liii #ge 7#h7 ,haematite ,red ,,xxvii #e m ,haematoxylin ,violet ,,xxv #fa i 99,hair ,brown ,,xlvi #ag i ,hathi ,gray ,,lii #ce b ,hay's ,blue ,,ix #ec k ,hay's ,brown ,,xxxix #i k ,hay's ,green ,,xviii #cc k ,hay's ,lilac ,,xxxvii #fc d ,hay's ,maroon ,,xiii #a m ,hay's ,russet ,,xiv #g k 99,hazel ,,xiv #aa k ,heliotrope-,gray ,l #fe d ,heliotrope-,slate ,l #fe i ,hellebore ,green ,,xvii #be m ,hellebore ,red ,,xxxviii #ga -- ,helvetia ,blue ,,ix #ea k ,hermosa ,pink ,i #a f ,hessian ,brown ,,xiii #e m ,honey ,yellow ,,xxx #ai -- ,hortense ,blue ,,xxii #dg99 m ,hortense ,violet ,,xi #fa b 99,hyacinth ,blue ,x #ee k ,hyacinth ,violet ,,xi #fa i ,hydrangea ,pink ,,xxvii #e f ,hydrangea ,red ,,xxvii #a i ,hyssop ,violet ,,xxxvi #ei -- ,indian ,lake ,,xxvi #ga i 99,indian ,purple ,,xxxviii #fg m ,indian ,red ,,xxvii #c k 99,indigo ,blue ,,xxxiv #dg m ,indulin ,blue ,,xxii #ea99 m ,invisible ,green ,,xix #da m ,iron ,gray ,,li #bc k 99,isabella ,color ,,xxx #ai i ,italian ,blue ,,viii #dc -- ,ivory ,yellow ,,xxx #ba f ,ivy ,green ,,xxxi #be m ,jade ,green ,,xxxi #bg k ,japan ,rose ,,xxviii #i b ,jasper ,green ,,xxxiii #cg i ,jasper ,pink ,,xiii #c d ,jasper ,red ,,xiii #c -- ,javel ,green ,v #bg i ,jay ,blue ,,xxii #dg99 i ,jouvence ,blue ,,xx #dc k ,kaiser ,brown ,,xiv #i k ,kildare ,green ,,xxxi #bi b ,killarney ,green ,,xviii #ce i ,king's ,blue ,,xxii #dg99 b ,kronberg's ,green ,,xxxi #be k ,la ,france ,pink ,i #c f ,laelia ,pink ,,xxxviii #fg d 99,lavender ,,xxxvi #ei f ,lavender-,blue ,,xxi #ec d 99,lavender-,gray ,,xliii #di f ,lavender-,violet ,,xxv #fa b ,leaf ,green ,,xli #bi k ,leitch's ,blue ,,viii #dg i ,lemon ,chrome ,,iv #ba -- 99,lemon ,yellow ,,iv #bc -- ,lettuce ,green ,v #bi k ,lichen ,green ,,xxxiii #cg f ,light ,alice ,blue ,,xxxiv #de d ,light ,amparo ,blue ,,ix #ea d ,light ,amparo ,purple ,,xi #fc d ,light ,bice ,green ,,xvii #bi i ,light ,blue-,green ,,vii #ci d ,light ,blue-,violet ,x #ee b ,light ,bluish ,violet ,x #eg b ,light ,brownish ,drab ,,xlv #i b ,light ,brownish ,olive ,,xxx #ai k ,light ,brownish ,vinaceous ,,xxxix #e d ,light ,buff ,,xv #ag f ,light ,cadet ,blue ,,xxi #di b ,light ,cadmium ,,iv #ai -- ,light ,campanula ,blue ,,xxiv #ee99 d ,light ,celandine ,green ,,xlvii #cc d ,light ,cendre ,green ,,vi #ce d ,light ,cerulean ,blue ,,viii #de b ,light ,chalcedony ,yellow ,,xvii #be d ,light ,chicory ,blue ,,xxiv #eg99 f ,light ,cinnamon-,drab ,,xlvi #ac b ,light ,columbia ,blue ,,xxxiv #dg d ,light ,congo ,pink ,,xxviii #g d ,light ,coral ,red ,,xiii #e b ,light ,corinthian ,red ,,xxvii #c b ,light ,cress ,green ,,xxxi #bi i ,light ,danube ,green ,,xxxii #ce k ,light ,drab ,,xlvi #ag b ,light ,dull ,bluish ,violet ,,xxxvi #eg b ,light ,dull ,glaucous-,blue ,,xlii #da d ,light ,dull ,green-,yellow ,,xvii #bg d ,light ,elm ,green ,,xvii #bg k ,light ,fluorite ,green ,,xxxii #cc d ,light ,forget-me-not ,blue ,,xxii #ea99 d ,light ,glaucous-,blue ,,xxxiv #dc d ,light ,grape ,green ,,xli #be b ,light ,grayish ,blue-,violet ,,xxxv #ea d ,light ,grayish ,olive ,,xlvi #ba b ,light ,grayish ,vinaceous ,,xxxix #i d ,light ,grayish ,violet-,blue ,,xxiv #ec99 b ,light ,green-,yellow ,v #bg d ,light ,greenish ,yellow ,v #be b ,light ,gull ,gray ,,liii #ge 7#i7 ,light ,heliotrope-,gray ,l #fe f ,light ,hellebore ,green ,,xvii #be k ,light ,hortense ,violet ,,xi #fa d ,light ,hyssop ,violet ,,xxxvi #ei b ,light ,jasper ,red ,,xiii #c b ,light ,king's ,blue ,,xxii #dg99 d ,light ,lavender-,blue ,,xxi #ec f ,light ,lavender-,violet ,,xxv #fa d ,light ,lobelia ,violet ,,xxxvii #fa d ,light ,lumiere ,green ,,xvii #bi d ,light ,mallow ,purple ,,xii #fg d ,light ,mauve ,,xxv #fc d ,light ,medici ,blue ,,xlviii #da d ,light ,methyl ,blue ,,viii #dg b ,light ,mineral ,gray ,,xlvii #be f ,light ,mouse ,gray ,,li #ae b ,light ,neropalin ,blue ,,xxii #di99 d ,light ,neutral ,gray ,,liii #gc b ,light ,niagara ,green ,,xxxiii #da d ,light ,ochraceous-,buff ,,xv #ae d ,light ,ochraceous-,salmon ,,xv #ac d ,light ,olive-,gray ,,li #bc d ,light ,orange-,yellow ,,iii #ag d ,light ,oriental ,green ,,xviii #cc b ,light ,paris ,green ,,xviii #ce d ,light ,payne's ,gray ,,xlix #di d ,light ,perilla ,purple ,,xxxvii #fe i ,light ,phlox ,purple ,,xi #fe d ,light ,pinkish ,cinnamon ,,xxix #ae d ,light ,pinkish ,lilac ,,xxxvii #fe f ,light ,plumbago ,gray ,l #fa f ,light ,porcelain ,green ,,xxxiii #ci -- ,light ,purple-,drab ,,xlv #a b ,light ,purplish ,gray ,,liii #fg b ,light ,purplish ,vinaceous ,,xxxix #a d ,light ,quaker ,drab ,,li #a b ,light ,rosolane ,purple ,,xxvi #fi b ,light ,russet-,vinaceous ,,xxxix #i b ,light ,salmon-,orange ,,ii #aa d ,light ,seal ,brown ,,xxxix #i m ,light ,sky ,blue ,,xx #dg f ,light ,soft ,blue-,violet ,,xxiii #ee b ,light ,squill ,blue ,,xx #de d ,light ,sulphate ,green ,,xix #ci b ,light ,terre ,verte ,,xxxiii #da -- ,light ,turtle ,green ,,xxxii #ca d ,light ,tyrian ,blue ,,xxxiv #dg -- ,light ,varley's ,gray ,,xlix #eg b ,light ,vinaceous-,cinnamon ,,xxix #ac d ,light ,vinaceous-,drab ,,xlv #e b ,light ,vinaceous-,fawn ,,xl #ac d ,light ,vinaceous-,gray ,l #fi f ,light ,vinaceous-,lilac ,,xliv #fi d ,light ,vinaceous-,purple ,,xliv #fe b ,light ,violet ,x #ei b ,light ,violet-,blue ,,ix #ec b ,light ,violet-,gray ,,lii #ei b ,light ,violet-,plumbeous ,,xlix #ec d ,light ,viridine ,green ,,vi #cc f ,light ,viridine ,yellow ,v #bi d ,light ,windsor ,blue ,,xxxv #di b ,light ,wistaria ,blue ,,xxiii #eg d ,light ,wistaria ,violet ,,xxiii #ei d ,light ,yellow-,green ,,vi #ca d ,light ,yellowish ,olive ,,xxx #bc i 99,lilac ,,xxv #fe d 99,lilac-,gray ,,lii #ei f ,lily ,green ,,xlvii #cc i ,lime ,green ,,xxxi #be -- ,lincoln ,green ,,xli #be k ,liseran ,purple ,,xxvi #fg b ,litho ,purple ,,xxv #fc i 99,liver ,brown ,,xiv #g m ,livid ,brown ,,xxxix #a -- ,livid ,pink ,,xxvii #c f ,livid ,purple ,,xxxvii #fc i ,livid ,violet ,,xxxvii #fa i ,lobelia ,violet ,,xxxvii #fa b ,lumiere ,blue ,,xx #dc d ,lumiere ,green ,,xvii #bi b ,lyons ,blue ,,ix #ea i ,madder ,blue ,,xliii #ec -- 99,madder ,brown ,,xiii #c k ,madder ,violet ,,xxv #fc k 99,magenta ,,xxvi #fg -- ,mahogany ,red ,,ii #g k 99,maize ,yellow ,,iv #ai f 99,malachite ,green ,,xxxii #ce b ,mallow ,pink ,,xii #fg f ,mallow ,purple ,,xii #fg b ,manganese ,violet ,,xxv #fc -- ,marguerite ,yellow ,,xxx #bc f 99,marine ,blue ,,viii #de m 99,maroon ,i #c m 99,mars ,brown ,,xv #ac m ,mars ,orange ,,ii #i i ,mars ,violet ,,xxxviii #ga m ,mars ,yellow ,,iii #ae i ,martius ,yellow ,,iv #bc f ,massicot ,yellow ,,xvi #ba f ,mathews' ,blue ,,xx #de -- ,mathews' ,purple ,,xxv #fe -- 99,mauve ,,xxv #fc b ,mauvette ,,xxv #fe f ,mazarine ,blue ,,ix #di d ,meadow ,green ,,vi #ce k ,medal ,bronze ,,iv #ai m ,medici ,blue ,,xlviii #da b ,methyl ,blue ,,viii #dg -- ,methyl ,green ,,xix #da -- ,microcline ,green ,,xix #ci f ,mignonette ,green ,,xxxi #be i ,mikado ,brown ,,xxix #ac i ,mikado ,orange ,,iii #ac b ,mineral ,gray ,,xlvii #be d ,mineral ,green ,,xviii #ca -- ,mineral ,red ,,xxvii #a k ,montpellier ,green ,,xxxiii #cg -- ,morocco ,red ,i #e k ,motmot ,blue ,,xx #dc -- ,motmot ,green ,,xviii #ce -- 99,mouse ,gray ,,li #ae -- ,mulberry ,purple ,,xi #fa k 99,mummy ,brown ,,xv #ag m ,mustard ,yellow ,,xvi #ai b 99,myrtle ,green ,,vii #da m ,mytho ,green ,,xli #bi b ,naphthalene ,violet ,,xxxvii #fa k ,naphthalene ,yellow ,,xvi #bc f 99,naples ,yellow ,,xvi #ai d ,natal ,brown ,,xl #ac k ,navy ,blue ,,xxi #ec m ,neropalin ,blue ,,xxii #di99 b ,neutral ,gray ,,liii #gc -- ,neutral ,red ,,xxxviii #ga k ,neuvider ,green ,,vii #cg d ,neva ,green ,v #bi -- ,niagara ,green ,,xxxiii #da b ,nickel ,green ,,xxxiii #cg k ,night ,green ,,vi #cc -- ,nigrosin ,blue ,,xxxv #di m ,nigrosin ,violet ,,xxv #fe k 99,nile ,blue ,,xix #da d ,nopal ,red ,i #c i ,ocher ,red ,,xxvii #e i 99,ochraceous-,buff ,,xv #ae b ,ochraceous-,orange ,,xv #ae -- ,ochraceous-,salmon ,,xv #ac b ,ochraceous-,tawny ,,xv #ae i 99,oil ,green ,v #bg k ,oil ,yellow ,v #be i ,old ,gold ,,xvi #ai i ,old ,rose ,,xiii #a b ,olivaceous ,black 7#a7 ,,xlvi #ba m ,olivaceous ,black 7#b7 ,,xlvii #be m ,olivaceous ,black 7#c7 ,,li #bc m 99,olive ,,xxx #ba m ,olive ,lake ,,xvi #ba i ,olive-,brown ,,xl #ag k 99,olive-,buff ,,xl #ba d ,olive-,citrine ,,xvi #ba m 99,olive-,gray ,,li #bc b 99,olive-,green ,,iv #bc m ,olive-,ocher ,,xxx #ba -- 99,olive-,yellow ,,xxx #bc -- ,olivine ,,xxxii #ce d ,olympic ,blue ,,xx #dg -- ,onion-skin ,pink ,,xxviii #aa b ,ontario ,violet ,,xxxvi #ee b ,opaline ,green ,,vii #cg f 99,orange ,,iii #ae -- 99,orange ,chrome ,,ii #aa -- 99,orange-,buff ,,iii #ae d ,orange-,cinnamon ,,xxix #ac -- ,orange-,citrine ,,iv #ai k ,orange-,pink ,,ii #aa f 99,orange-,rufous ,,ii #aa i ,orange-,vinaceous ,,xxvii #e b ,orient ,blue ,,xxxiv #de -- ,orient ,pink ,,ii #i f ,oriental ,green ,,xviii #cc -- ,oural ,green ,,xviii #ce f ,ox-blood ,red ,i #a k ,oxide ,blue ,,viii #de i ,pale ,amaranth ,pink ,,xii #fi f ,pale ,amparo ,blue ,,ix #ea f ,pale ,amparo ,purple ,,xi #fc f ,pale ,aniline ,lilac ,,xxxv #ec f 99,pale ,blue 7,ethyl ,blue7 ,,viii #de f ,pale ,blue-,green ,,vii #ci f ,pale ,blue-,violet ,x #ee d ,pale ,bluish ,lavender ,,xxxvi #eg f ,pale ,bluish ,violet ,x #eg d ,pale ,brownish ,drab ,,xlv #i d ,pale ,brownish ,vinaceous ,,xxxix #e f ,pale ,cadet ,blue ,,xxi #di d ,pale ,campanula ,blue ,,xxiv #ee99 f ,pale ,cendre ,green ,,vi #ce f ,pale ,cerulean ,blue ,,viii #de d ,pale ,chalcedony ,yellow ,,xvii #be f ,pale ,cinnamon-,pink ,,xxix #ac f ,pale ,congo ,pink ,,xxviii #g f ,pale ,drab-,gray ,,xlvi #ag f ,pale ,dull ,glaucous-,blue ,,xlii #da f ,pale ,dull ,green-,yellow ,,xvii #bg f ,pale ,ecru-,drab ,,xlvi #ac f ,pale ,flesh ,color ,,xiv #g f ,pale ,fluorite ,green ,,xxxii #cc f ,pale ,forget-me-not ,blue ,,xxii #ea99 f ,pale ,glass ,green ,,xxxi #bi f ,pale ,glaucous-,blue ,,xxxiv #dc f ,pale ,glaucous-,green ,,xxxiii #ci f ,pale ,grayish ,blue ,,xxi #di f ,pale ,grayish ,blue-,violet ,,xxxv #ea f ,pale ,grayish ,vinaceous ,,xxxix #i f ,pale ,grayish ,violet-,blue ,,xxiv #ec99 d ,pale ,green-,blue ,gray ,,xlviii #de f ,pale ,green-,yellow ,v #bg f ,pale ,greenish ,yellow ,v #be d ,pale ,gull ,gray ,,liii #ge 7#aj7 ,pale ,hortense ,violet ,,xi #fa f ,pale ,king's ,blue ,,xxii #dg99 f ,pale ,laelia ,pink ,,xxxviii #fg f ,pale ,lavender-,violet ,,xxv #fa f ,pale ,lemon ,yellow ,,iv #bc b ,pale ,lilac ,,xxxvii #fc f ,pale ,lobelia ,violet ,,xxxvii #fa f ,pale ,lumiere ,green ,,xvii #bi f ,pale ,mauve ,,xxv #fc f ,pale ,mazarine ,blue ,,ix #di f ,pale ,medici ,blue ,,xlviii #da f ,pale ,methyl ,blue ,,viii #dg d ,pale ,mouse ,gray ,,li #ae d ,pale ,neropalin ,blue ,,xxii #di99 f ,pale ,neutral ,gray ,,liii #gc d ,pale ,niagara ,green ,,xxxiii #da f ,pale ,nile ,blue ,,xix #da f ,pale ,ochraceous-,buff ,,xv #ae f ,pale ,ochraceous-,salmon ,,xv #ac f ,pale ,olive-,buff ,,xl #ba f ,pale ,olive-,gray ,,li #bc f ,pale ,olivine ,,xxxii #ce f ,pale ,orange-,yellow ,,iii #ag f ,pale ,payne's ,gray ,,xlix #di f ,pale ,persian ,lilac ,,xxxviii #fi f ,pale ,pinkish ,buff ,,xxix #ag f ,pale ,pinkish ,cinnamon ,,xxix #ae f ,pale ,purple-,drab ,,xlv #a d ,pale ,purplish ,gray ,,liii #fg d ,pale ,purplish ,vinaceous ,,xxxix #a f ,pale ,quaker ,drab ,,li #a d ,pale ,rhodonite ,pink ,,xxxviii #ga f ,pale ,rose-,purple ,,xxvi #fg f ,pale ,rosolane ,purple ,,xxvi #fi d ,pale ,russian ,blue ,,xlii #de f ,pale ,salmon ,color ,,xiv #i f ,pale ,smoke ,gray ,,xlvi #ba f ,pale ,soft ,blue-,violet ,,xxiii #ee d ,pale ,sulphate ,green ,,xix #ci d ,pale ,tiber ,green ,,xviii #cc f ,pale ,turquoise ,green ,,vii #da f ,pale ,turtle ,green ,,xxxii #ca f ,pale ,varley's ,gray ,,xlix #eg d ,pale ,verbena ,violet ,,xxxvi #ee f ,pale ,veronese ,green ,,xviii #ca f ,pale ,vinaceous ,,xxvii #a f ,pale ,vinaceous-,drab ,,xlv #e d ,pale ,vinaceous-,fawn ,,xl #ac f ,pale ,vinaceous-,lilac ,,xliv #fi f ,pale ,vinaceous-,pink ,,xxviii #i f ,pale ,violet ,x #ei d ,pale ,violet-,blue ,,ix #ec d ,pale ,violet-,gray ,,lii #ei d ,pale ,violet-,plumbeous ,,xlix #ec f ,pale ,viridine ,yellow ,v #bi f ,pale ,windsor ,blue ,,xxxv #di d ,pale ,wistaria ,blue ,,xxiii #eg f ,pale ,wistaria ,violet ,,xxiii #ei f ,pale ,yellow-,green ,,vi #ca f ,pale ,yellow-,orange ,,iii #ae f ,pallid ,blue-,violet ,x #ee f ,pallid ,bluish ,violet ,x #eg f ,pallid ,brownish ,drab ,,xlv #i f ,pallid ,grayish ,violet-,blue ,,xxiv #ec99 f ,pallid ,methyl ,blue ,,viii #dg f ,pallid ,mouse ,gray ,,li #ae f ,pallid ,neutral ,gray ,,liii #gc f ,pallid ,purple-,drab ,,xlv #a f ,pallid ,purplish ,gray ,,liii #fg f ,pallid ,quaker ,drab ,,li #a f ,pallid ,soft ,blue-,violet ,,xxiii #ee f ,pallid ,vinaceous-,drab ,,xlv #e f ,pallid ,violet ,x #ei f ,pallid ,violet-,blue ,,ix #ec f 99,pansy ,purple ,,xii #fi k ,pansy ,violet ,,xi #fc i 99,paris ,blue ,,viii #dg k 99,paris ,green ,,xviii #ce b 99,parrot ,green ,,vi #ca k ,parula ,blue ,,xlii #de -- ,patent ,blue ,,viii #dc k ,payne's ,gray ,,xlix #di -- 99,pea ,green ,,xlvii #bi b ,peach ,red ,i #e b ,peacock ,blue ,,viii #dc i ,peacock ,green ,,vi #ce i 99,pearl ,blue ,,xxxv #di f 99,pearl ,gray ,,lii #ce f ,pecan ,brown ,,xxviii #aa i ,perilla ,purple ,,xxxvii #fe k ,persian ,blue ,,xx #de f ,persian ,lilac ,,xxxviii #fi d ,petunia ,violet ,,xxv #fe i ,phenyl ,blue ,,ix #ec -- ,phlox ,pink ,,xi #fe f 99,phlox ,purple ,,xi #fe b ,picnic ,yellow ,,iv #bc d ,pinard ,yellow ,,iv #ba d 99,pinkish ,buff ,,xxix #ag d ,pinkish ,cinnamon ,,xxix #ae b 99,pinkish ,vinaceous ,,xxvii #e d ,pistachio ,green ,,xli #cc -- ,pleroma ,violet ,,xxv #fa -- 99,plum ,purple ,,xxiv #eg99 m ,plumbago ,blue ,,xliii #ec f ,plumbago ,gray ,l #fa d ,plumbago ,slate ,l #fa i 99,plumbeous ,,lii #di b ,plumbeous-,black ,,lii #di m ,pois ,green ,,xli #bi i 99,pomegranate ,purple ,,xii #ga i ,pompeian ,red ,,xiii #c i ,porcelain ,blue ,,xxxiv #dc -- ,porcelain ,green ,,xxxiii #ci i 99,primrose ,yellow ,,xxx #bc d ,primuline ,yellow ,,xvi #ai -- 99,prout's ,brown ,,xv #ae m 99,prune ,purple ,,xi #fc m ,prussian ,blue ,,ix #di m ,prussian ,green ,,xix #da k ,prussian ,red ,,xxvii #e k ,puritan ,gray ,,xlvii #cc f ,purple 7true7 ,,xi #fe -- ,purple-,drab ,,xlv #a -- ,purplish ,gray ,,liii #fg -- ,purplish ,lilac ,,xxxvii #fe d ,purplish ,vinaceous ,,xxxix #a b ,pyrite ,yellow ,,iv #bc i ,quaker ,drab ,,li #a -- ,rainette ,green ,,xxxi #bg i ,raisin ,black ,,xliv #fe m ,raisin ,purple ,,xi #fe k ,ramier ,blue ,,xliii #eg -- 99,raw ,sienna ,,iii #ag i 99,raw ,umber ,,iii #ag m ,reed ,yellow ,,xxx #bc b ,rejane ,green ,,xxxiii #cg b ,rhodamine ,purple ,,xii #fg -- ,rhodonite ,pink ,,xxxviii #ga d ,rinnemann's ,green ,,xviii #ca i ,rivage ,green ,,xviii #ca b ,rocellin ,purple ,,xxxviii #ga b ,roman ,green ,,xvi #bc m ,rood's ,blue ,,ix #di k ,rood's ,brown ,,xxviii #aa k ,rood's ,lavender ,,xlix #eg f ,rood's ,violet ,,xi #fe i ,rose ,color ,,xii #ga b ,rose ,doree ,i #c b 99,rose ,pink ,,xii #ga f 99,rose ,red ,,xii #ga -- 99,rose-,purple ,,xxvi #fg d ,roslyn ,blue ,x #eg k ,rosolane ,pink ,,xxvi #fi f ,rosolane ,purple ,,xxvi #fi -- 99,royal ,purple ,x #ei i 99,rufous ,,xiv #i -- 99,russet ,,xv #ac k ,russet-,vinaceous ,,xxxix #i -- ,russian ,blue ,,xlii #de d ,russian ,green ,,xlii #cg i ,saccardo's ,olive ,,xvi #ai m ,saccardo's ,slate ,,xlviii #da k ,saccardo's ,umber ,,xxix #ag k ,saccardo's ,violet ,,xxxvii #fa -- ,safrano ,pink ,,ii #g f 99,sage ,green ,,xlvii #bi -- ,sailor ,blue ,,xxi #ec k 99,salmon ,color ,,xiv #i d 99,salmon-,buff ,,xiv #aa d ,salmon-,orange ,,ii #aa b ,salvia ,blue ,,ix #di b ,sanford's ,brown ,,ii #aa k ,sayal ,brown ,,xxix #ae i 99,scarlet ,i #e -- ,scarlet-,red ,i #c -- ,scheele's ,green ,,vi #cc i ,schoenfeld's ,purple ,,xxvi #fi i 99,sea ,green ,,xix #da i ,seafoam ,green ,,xxxi #bg f ,seafoam ,yellow ,,xxxi #be f 99,seal ,brown ,,xxxix #e m ,seashell ,pink ,,xiv #aa f 99,sepia ,,xxix #ag m ,serpentine ,green ,,xvi #bc k ,shamrock ,green ,,xxxii #cc i ,shell ,pink ,,xxviii #aa f ,shrimp ,pink ,i #e f ,skobeloff ,green ,,vii #ci -- ,sky ,blue ,,xx #dg d ,sky ,gray ,,xxxiv #de f 99,slate ,color ,,liii #ge 7#d7 99,slate-,black ,,liii #ge 7#b7 ,slate-,blue ,,xliii #di i 99,slate-,gray ,,liii #ge 7#e7 ,slate-,olive ,,xlvii #bi i ,slate-,purple ,,xliv #fe i ,slate-,violet 7#a7 ,,xliii #eg i ,slate-,violet 7#b7 ,,xliv #fa -- 99,smalt ,blue ,,ix #ec i 99,smoke ,gray ,,xlvi #ba d ,snuff ,brown ,,xxix #ae k ,soft ,blue-,violet ,,xxiii #ee -- ,soft ,bluish ,violet ,,xxiii #eg -- ,sooty ,black ,,li #a m ,sorghum ,brown ,,xxxix #i i ,sorrento ,green ,,vii #da k ,spectrum ,blue ,,ix #di -- ,spectrum ,red ,i #a -- ,spectrum ,violet ,x #ei -- ,spinach ,green ,v #bi m ,spinel ,pink ,,xxvi #ga b ,spinel ,red ,,xxvi #ga -- ,squill ,blue ,,xx #de b ,stone ,green ,,xlii #cg -- ,storm ,gray ,,lii #ce -- 99,straw ,yellow ,,xvi #ba d ,strawberry ,pink ,i #e d ,strontian ,yellow ,,xvi #bc -- ,sudan ,brown ,,iii #ae k ,sulphate ,green ,,xix #ci -- ,sulphine ,yellow ,,iv #ba i 99,sulphur ,yellow ,v #be f ,taupe ,brown ,,xliv #fi m 99,tawny ,,xv #ac i 99,tawny-,olive ,,xxix #ag i ,tea ,green ,,xlvii #be b ,terra ,cotta ,,xxviii #g -- 99,terre ,verte ,,xxxiii #da i ,testaceous ,,xxviii #i -- ,thulite ,pink ,,xxvi #ga d ,tiber ,green ,,xviii #cc d ,tilleul ,buff ,,xl #ag f ,tourmaline ,pink ,,xxxviii #fg b ,turquoise ,green ,,vii #da d ,turtle ,green ,,xxxii #ca b ,tyrian ,blue ,,xxxiv #dg i ,tyrian ,pink ,,xii #fi b ,tyrian ,rose ,,xii #fi -- ,tyrolite ,green ,,vii #ci b ,ultramarine ,ash ,,xxii #di99 -- 99,ultramarine ,blue ,,ix #di i ,urania ,blue ,,xxiv #ec99 m ,vanderpoel's ,blue ,,xx #dg i ,vanderpoel's ,green ,,vi #cc b ,vanderpoel's ,violet ,,xxxvi #ee -- 99,vandyke ,brown ,,xxviii #aa m ,vandyke ,red ,,xiii #a k ,variscite ,green ,,xix #cg d ,varley's ,gray ,,xlix #eg -- ,varley's ,green ,,xviii #ca m ,venetian ,blue ,,xxii #dg99 -- ,venetian ,pink ,,xiii #a f ,venice ,green ,,vii #da b ,verbena ,violet ,,xxxvi #ee d 99,verdigris ,green ,,xix #cg -- ,vernonia ,purple ,,xxxviii #fi i ,verona ,brown ,,xxix #ac k ,veronese ,green ,,xviii #ca d ,vetiver ,green ,,xlvii #be -- ,victoria ,lake ,i #a m 99,vinaceous ,,xxvii #a d ,vinaceous-,brown ,,xxxix #e i 99,vinaceous-,buff ,,xl #ag d 99,vinaceous-,cinnamon ,,xxix #ac b ,vinaceous-,drab ,,xlv #e -- ,vinaceous-,fawn ,,xl #ac b ,vinaceous-,gray ,l #fi d ,vinaceous-,lavender ,,xliv #fe f ,vinaceous-,lilac ,,xliv #fi b 99,vinaceous-,pink ,,xxviii #i d ,vinaceous-,purple 7#a7 ,,xxxviii #fg i ,vinaceous-,purple 7#b7 ,,xliv #fe -- 99,vinaceous-,rufous ,,xiv #g i ,vinaceous-,russet ,,xxviii #g i ,vinaceous-,slate ,l #fi i ,vinaceous-,tawny ,,xxviii #aa -- ,violet ,carmine ,,xii #fi m ,violet ,ultramarine ,x #eg i ,violet-,gray ,,lii #ei -- ,violet-,plumbeous ,,xlix #ec b ,violet-,purple ,,xi #fc -- ,violet-,slate ,,xlix #ec i 99,viridian ,green ,,vii #cg i ,viridine ,green ,,vi #cc d ,viridine ,yellow ,v #bi b ,vivid ,green ,,vii #cg -- ,wall ,green ,,vii #ci k 99,walnut ,brown ,,xxviii #i k ,warbler ,green ,,iv #bc k ,warm ,blackish ,brown ,,xxxix #a m ,warm ,buff ,,xv #ag d ,warm ,sepia ,,xxix #ac m ,water ,green ,,xli #be d 99,wax ,yellow ,,xvi #ba -- ,wedgewood ,blue ,,xxi #ea f ,white ,,liii #gc 7#aj7 ,windsor ,blue ,,xxxv #di i ,winter ,green ,,xviii #cc i ,wistaria ,blue ,,xxiii #eg b ,wistaria ,violet ,,xxiii #ei b 99,wood ,brown ,,xl #ag -- ,xanthine ,orange ,,iii #ac i ,yale ,blue ,,xx #dg b ,yellow ,ocher ,,xv #ag -- ,yellow-,green ,,vi #ca -- ,yellowish ,citrine ,,xvi #bc i ,yellowish ,glaucous ,,xli #be f ,yellowish ,oil ,green ,v #be k ,yellowish ,olive ,,xxx #bc k ,yew ,green ,,xxxi #bg m ,yvette ,violet ,,xxxvi #ee k ,zinc ,green ,,xix #cg i ,zinc ,orange ,,xv #ac -- ,,the ,,following ,,colors ,,represented ,,in ,,the ,,old ,,nomenclature ,,of ,,colors 7#ahhf7 ,,cannot ,,be ,,matched ,,by ,,colors ,,in ,,the ,,present ,,work4 ,,they ,,are ,,intermediates1 ,,either ,,as ,,to ,,hue ,,or ,,tone 7,,sometimes ,,both71 ,,and ,,would ,,fall ,,in ,,uncolored ,,spaces1 ,,as ,,indicated ,,by ,,the ,,numerals ,,and ,,letters ,,appended ,,to ,,each3-- ,azure ,blue #dh a 7see ,plates ,,viii and ,,ix74 ,broccoli ,brown3 ,between #ag k and #ag i 7see ,plates ,,xl and ,,xlvi74 ,buff #ah d 7see ,plates ,,iii and ,,iv74 ,burnt ,carmine #ga i 7,plate ,,xii74 ,canary ,yellow3 ,between #bc b and #ba b 7see ,plates ,,iv and ,,xvi74 ,chinese ,orange #ab h 7see ,plates ,,ii and ,,iii74 ,chrome ,yellow #bj a 7,plate ,,iv74 ,cobalt ,blue #dh slightly dull 7see ,plates ,,viii and ,,ix74 ,crimson #a j 7,plate ,i74 ,french ,blue #eb h 7,plate ,,ix74 ,gallstone ,yellow #ai h 7,plate ,,xvi74 ,gamboge ,yellow #bj1 slightly dull1 or #ba1 slightly dull 7,plate ,,iv74 ,geranium ,red #c a 7,plate ,i74 ,heliotrope ,purple3 ,between #fe b and #fe b 7see ,plates ,,xliv and ,l74 ,indian ,yellow #ah h or #ah slightly dull 7,plate ,,iii74 ,this color and ,saffron ,yellow are practically identical in many copies of the old ,nomenclature4 ,lake ,red #gb h 7,plate ,,xii74 ,maroon ,purple #gb i 7,plate ,,xxvi74 ,ochraceous #af h 7,plate ,,xv74 ,ochraceous-,rufous #ab h 7see ,plates ,,xiv and ,,xv74 ,ochre ,yellow #ah 7see ,plates ,,xv and ,,xvi74 ,orange-,ochraceous #af h 7,plate ,,iii74 ,orange ,vermilion #d1 dull 7,plate ,i74 ,orpiment ,orange #aa h 7,plate ,,ii74 ,peach-blossom ,pink #a e 7,plate ,i74 ,poppy ,red3 between #c and #e h 7,plate ,i74 ,saffron ,yellow #ah 7see ,plates ,,iii and ,,iv74 ,saturn ,red #aa a 7,plate ,,ii74 ,scarlet ,vermilion #d1 dull 7,plate ,i74 ,sevres ,blue #df h 7,plate ,,viii74 ,solferino #fg h 7,plate ,,xii74 ,tawny-,ochraceous #ad h 7,plate ,,xv74 ,turquoise ,blue #dd b 7,plate ,,xx74 ,verditer ,blue3 ,between #dc and #dc b 7see ,plates ,,xx and ,,xxxiv74 ,vermilion3 ,between #c and #c 7see ,plates ,i and ,,xiii74 ,violet #fa h 7,plate ,,xi74 ,wine ,purple #gj h 7,plate ,,xxvi74 ,a ,,few ,,of ,,the ,,modern ,,books ,,on ,,the ,,subject ,,of ,,color ,,which ,,the ,,author ,,of ,,this ,,work ,,has ,,found ,,most ,,useful ,bradley1 ,milton1 author of ,color in the ,schoolroom and ,color in the ,kindergarden4--,elementary ,color4 ,with an ,introduction by ,henry ,lafavour1 ,ph4 ,d41 ,professor of ,physics1 ,williams ,college4 ,milton ,bradley and ,co41 ,springfield1 ,mass4 #ahie4 ,small #hvo41 pp4 i-iv1 #a-abh2 colored frontispiece 7miniature color charts made from the ,bradley educational colored papers1 showing #abf unnamed colors7 and numerous figures in text4 ,the present writer frankly and gratefully acknowledges that he has learned more1 and learned it more easily1 from this little book1 which is a model of conciseness and perspicuity1 than from careful study of more elaborate and authoritative works on the subject4 ,it is therefore most heartily recommended to the student as a preliminary1 at least1 to the study of more technical works on color4 ,bradley1 ,milton4--,the ,evolution of a ,practical ,system of ,color ,education based on ,spectrum ,standards4 ,milton ,bradley ,co41 ,springfield1 ,mass4 ,pamphlet1 #hvo41 pp4 #h4 ,bradley1 ,milton4--,a ,few ,practical ,suggestions relating to ,color ,standards and the ,present ,status of ,elementary ,color ,instruction in the ,united ,states4 ,milton ,bradley ,co41 ,springfield1 ,mass4 ,pamphlet1 small #hvo41 pp4 #af4 ,bradley1 ,milton4--,some ,criticisms of ,popular ,color ,definitions1 and ,suggestions for a ,better ,color ,nomenclature4 ,milton ,bradley ,co41 ,springfield1 ,mass41 #ahih4 ,pamphlet1 #abmo41 pp4 #ae4 ,bradley1 ,milton4--,the ,bradley ,color ,scheme1 with ,suggestions to ,teachers4 ,milton ,bradley ,co41 ,springfield1 ,mass4 ,pamphlet1 #abmo41 pp4 #de4 ,church1 ,a4 ,h41 ,f4 ,r4 ,s41 etc41 ,professor of ,chemistry in the ,royal ,academy of ,arts in ,london4--,the ,chemistry of ,paints and ,painting4 ,third edition1 revised and enlarged4 ,london3 ,seeley and ,co4 ,small #hvo41 pp4 i-vii viii-xx1 #a-cee4 ,an invaluable work which should be consulted by every painter4 ,hurst1 ,george ,h41 ,f4 ,c4 ,s41 etc4--,colour3 ,a ,handbook of the ,theory of ,colour4 ,with ten coloured plates and seventy-two illustrations4 ,london3 ,scott1 ,greenwood ,co41 #aijj41 #hvo41 #afj pp4 ,rood1 ,ogden ,n4--,students' ,text-book of ,color2 or ,modern ,chromatics1 with applications to ,art and ,industry4 ,new ,york3 ,d4 ,appleton and ,company1 #aijc4 ,small #hvo41 pp4 i-v vi-viii1 #i #aj-cbi2 #a colored plate 7frontispiece7 and #acj original illustrations4 7,one of the best technical works on the physics of color47 ,vanderpoel1 ,emily ,noyes4--,color ,problems4 ,a ,practical ,manual for the ,lay ,student of ,color4 ,with one hundred and seventeen colored plates4 ,longmans1 ,green and ,co41 ,new ,york1 ,london and ,bombay4 #aijc4 ,small #hvo41 pp41 i-vi vii-xv1 #a-b #c-acg4 ,the colored plates of this excellent work illustrate the physics and psychology of color1 color harmonies1 and kindred subjects1 but have no relation to color nomenclature4 ,jorgensen1 ,charles ,julius4--,the ,mastery of ,color4 ,a simple and perfect color system1 based upon the spectral colors1 for educational and practical use in the ,arts and ,crafts4 ,published by the ,author4 ,milwaukee1 #aijf4 #hvo41 #b vols41 one of text1 the other of #bb loose colored plates contained in double box4 ,an exceedingly useful work for artists and decorators1 but not adapted to the needs of science4 ,the technical execution of the plates is exquisite and the colors very fine4 ,,footnotes #a ,a ,nomenclature of ,colors for ,naturalists1 and ,compendium of ,useful ,knowledge for ,ornithologists4 ,by ,robert ,ridgway1 ,curator1 ,department of ,birds1 ,united ,states ,national ,museum4 ,with ten colored plates and seven plates of outline illustrations4 ,boston3 ,little1 ,brown1 and ,company4 #ahhf4 7#abmo41 pp4 #abi1 pls4 #ag47 ,the subject of color and color nomenclature discussed on pages #ae-eh4 ,plates i-x1 inclusive1 represent #ahf named colors1 hand-painted 7stencilled74 #b ,titles of several books on the subject which are especially recommended to the lay student of chromatology are given at the end of this text4 #c ,see ,science1 ,june #i1 #ahic1 and ,nature1 ,vol4 ,,lii1 ,no4 #acdg1 ,aug4 #bb1 #ahie1 pp4 #cij-cib4 #d ,according to ,aubert more than #ajjj hues are distinguishable in the spectrum1 though among them all the hues between violet and red are wanting4 #e ,that is to say1 the practical limit for pictorial representation of the colors in their various modifications4 #f ,milton ,bradley3 ,elementary ,color1 p4 #ah4 #g ,see colored figure on frontispiece4 #h ,see the colored figure on the frontispiece of this work1 which clearly illustrates this method of color measurement4 ,larger disks of spectrum red1 green1 and violet are interlocked and adjusted so that they present1 respectively1 #cb1 #db1 and #bf per cent4 of the circumference2 superimposed on these is a single smaller disk of neutral gray1 and on this two still smaller disks of black and white1 the former occupying #gi1 the latter #ba1 per cent4 of the area4 ,the result of this combination of colors1 when the disks are rapidly revolved1 is that the entire surface becomes a uniform neutral gray precisely like the middle disk1 which blends so completely with the color inside and outside its limits that no trace of division can be detected4 ,hence1 neutral gray equals a combination of red #cb1 green #db1 and violet #bf per cent41 and also equals a combination of black #gi and white #ba per cent4 ,as further illustrating the point1 it may be mentioned that not only does the above-mentioned combination of the three primary colors equal neutral gray but so also does the combination of any color 7secondary or tertiary as well as primary7 with its complementary1 though the darkness or lightness of the gray varies somewhat1 as the following table shows3 ,spectrum ,color4 ,complementary ,color4 ,equivalent ,gray4 ,name4 ,per ,cent4 ,per ,cent4 ,composition4 ,black4 ,white4 ,red #dd #ef ,blue #da ,green #ei4 #gb4e #bg4e ,orange #bh4e #ga4e ,blue #ea4e ,green #dh4e4 #fi #ca ,yellow #cc #fg ,blue #fj4e ,violet #ci4e4 #fd #cf ,green #ea #di ,red #eg4e ,violet #db4e4 #gc #bg ,blue #fd #cf ,yellow #hb ,orange #ah4 #fb #cg ,violet #fb4e #cg4e ,yellow #fi ,green #ca4 #fa4e #ch4e #i ,the number is doubled so that every other one represents an intermediate hue not shown in color4 #aj ,owing to the circumstance that spectrum orange does not1 at least when mixed with gray1 fairly represent a medium hue between red and orange1 being much nearer the former1 a hue much near to yellow 7yellow-orange1 ,no4 #ae7 has been selected4 #aa ,for satisfactory color-wheel work it is necessary to discard practically all the so-called artists' colors1 as being much too dull to even approximately represent the colors of the spectrum1 and to substitute carefully selected aniline or coal-tar dyes1 of which1 fortunately1 there is a very large number of remarkable purity of hue4 ,indeed1 the work of most color-physicists is vitiated by their use of such crude colors as vermilion1 carmine1 scarlet-lake1 chrome yellow1 emerald green1 ,prussian blue1 etc4 7,for a list of dyes and pigments used in preparing the ,maxwell disks representing the thirty-six colors of the chromatic scale1 see pages #bf1 #bg47 #ab ,in fixing the exact position or wave-length of the spectrum colors considerable latitude is allowable1 the element of personal equation--that is1 difference in the conception of different persons as to just where the reddest red1 greenest green1 etc41 are located1 accounting for the considerable disagreement among chromatologists as to the wave-lengths4 ,the following table1 showing the average1 mean1 and extreme wave-length of each of the spectrum colors as given by nine or more authorities together with those of the present work 7as determined by ,dr4 ,p4 ,g4 ,nutting1 ,associate ,physicist of the ,u4 ,s4 ,bureau of ,standards7 is of interest in this connection3 ,average ,extremes ,mean ,this work4 of #i-ab of #i-ab of #i-ab authorities4 authorities4 authorities4 ,red #fdd #fggj #fddj-gjbh #fgcd 7#aj7 ,orange #eih #b #fjgd #ehib-fcjj #fjif 7#i7 ,yellow #egg #a #eghf #efdj-ehej #egde 7#aj7 ,green #ebj #aj #ebce #ejej-ecce #eaic 7#aa7 ,blue #dgc #c #dgch #debj-dhfa #dfhj 7#ab7 ,violet #daj #dagf #djej-dccj #daij 7#aj7 ,from this table it will be seen that the red of this work is appreciably more orange than that of others1 the orange slightly more yellowish1 and the violet a little less bluish than the average2 but the author is assured by ,dr4 ,nutting that these standards are exceptionally accurate4 #ac ,the percentages are given in tables on pages #bc and #be4 #ad ,that is to say1 theoretically4 ,unfortunately it seems to be beyond the colorists' skill to reproduce true shades of the pure colors1 all showing a more or less decided admixture of gray1 resulting in a series of broken or dull shades4 7,see pages #bc and #bd47 #ae ,although only #aaae different colors are actually shown on the plates the system is really equivalent to the presentation of considerably more than #djjj distinguishable and designatable colors4 #af ,the ,theory of ,color 7,american edition1 #ahgf71 p4 #ii4 #ag ,in the present work the possibility of variation between different copies is wholly eliminated by a very different process of reproduction4 ,each color1 for the entire edition1 is painted uniformly on large sheets of paper from a single mixture of pigments1 these sheets being then cut into the small squares which represent the colors on the plates4 #ah ,see ,rood3 ,modern ,chromatics1 pages #ej-eb4 #ai ,some criticisms of ,popular ,color ,definitions and ,suggestions for a better ,color ,nomenclature4 ,milton ,bradley ,co41 ,springfield1 ,mass4 7,small pamphlet of #ae pages74 #bj ,milton ,bradley3 ,elementary ,color1 p4 #be4 #ba ,exception has been taken in a recent work 7,a ,color ,notation1 by ,a4 ,h4 ,munsell7 to the use of the term tone in this connection1 on the ground that its proper use belongs to music1 and the term value is substituted4 ,the same line of reasoning would1 however1 certainly require the discarding of chromatic scale as a term of music nomenclature1 since its derivation is clearly from color 7chroma74 ,furthermore1 the word value is even more elastic in its application than tone1 and1 all things considered1 the present writer1 at least1 fails to see that any improvement is made by the proposed change4 #bb ,the term chromatic scale has unfortunately been appropriated for a very different use 7in music72 nevertheless it is strictly correct in the present sense while in the other it is not1 though firmly established by long usage4 ,the term spectrum scale is not adequate1 as a substitute1 because the spectrum series of colors is incomplete through absence of the hues connecting violet with red1 which are necessary to show the full scale of pure colors and hues4 #bc ,the distinctions of color or hue diminishing in proportion to the increased admixture of gray1 each alternate color or hue1 with its scale 7vertical7 of tones1 is omitted from the third and fourth series2 while in the fifth the color differentiation is so greatly reduced that only the six spectrum colors 7dulled by admixture of #ie4e per cent4 of neutral gray71 together with purple 7the intermediate between violet and red7 are given2 a yellow orange hue being substituted for spectrum orange because it is more exactly intermediate in hue between red and yellow4 #bd ,j4 ,j4 ,mller found that a mixture of the orange and violet rays of the spectrum produced a whitish red 7,rood1 ,modern ,chromatics1 p4 #abi74 ,the author of the present work1 without being at the time aware of this1 produced an absolutely pure red 7but of reduced intensity7 by mixture of either orange and violet 7orange #fc4e1 violet #cf4e per cent4 red #he white #ae per cent471 or from orange and the violet-red which is complementary to green 7violet-red #ea1 orange #di per cent471 the latter equaling red #hi white #aa per cent2 the mixtures being made on a color-wheel with ,maxwell disks representing the pure colors of the present work4 ,the red resulting from either of these mixtures on the color-wheel is far purer than the blue resulting from mixture of green and violet1 and incomparably more so than the yellow resulting from mixture of either red and green or orange and green4 ,consequently1 if the same results would come from mixing orange and violet light1 it is difficult to understand how red can be a primary color according to the accepted definition4 #be ,rood3 ,modern ,chromatics1 p4 #cd4 ,with the single exception of ,vanderpoel 7,color ,problems1 p4 #bh1 plates #c1 #d1 where yellow is given first in order of luminosity7 all authorities on color-physics that ,i have been able to consult very singularly ignore yellow entirely in their treatment of the subject of luminosity4 #bf ,all quotations here are from ,milton ,bradley's ,elementary ,color1 except where otherwise noted4 #bg ,as determined by ,dr4 ,p4 ,g4 ,nutting1 ,associate ,physicist1 ,u4 ,s4 ,bureau of ,standards4 #bh ,see ,rood1 ,modern ,chromatics1 pages #cd1 #ce4 #bi ,the aniline or coal-tar dyes named are all of the manufacture of ,dr4 ,g4 ,grbler and ,co41 ,leipzig1 ,germany1 unless otherwise stated4 7,see ,preface1 page ii47 ,,caution666 ,,do ,,not ,,expose ,,these ,,plates ,,to ,,the ,,light ,,for ,a ,,longer ,,time ,,than ,,is ,,necessary4 ,the pigments used in the preparation of these ,plates are the most durable known1 those which have been proven unstable having been1 as far as possible1 discarded4 ,the latter include carmine and other cochineal lakes1 colors of vegetable origin 7as gamboge1 violet carmine1 indigo1 etc471 and most of the aniline or coal tar dyes1 though among the last are a considerable number which are really more permanent than several colors habitually used by artists4 ,certain colors in this work could not1 however1 possibly be reproduced except by the employment of pigments which are more or less sensitive to prolonged exposure to light1 and hence this caution not to expose the plates unnecessarily4 7,see ,church3 ,the ,chemistry of ,paints and ,painting1 third edition1 pages #beg-bfc47 ,plate ,i #a ,,red #c ,o-,r4 #e ,,oo-,r4 f ,hermosa ,pink ,la ,france ,pink ,shrimp ,pink d ,eosine ,pink 99,geranium ,pink ,strawberry ,pink b ,begonia ,rose ,rose ,doree ,peach ,red ,spectrum ,red ,scarlet-,red 99,scarlet i 99,carmine ,nopal ,red ,brazil ,red k ,ox-blood ,red ,garnet ,brown ,morocco ,red m ,victoria ,lake 99,maroon 99,claret ,brown ,plate ,,ii #g ,r-,o4 #i ,,or-,o4 #aa ,,orange f ,safrano ,pink ,orient ,pink ,orange-,pink d ,grenadine ,pink ,bittersweet ,pink ,light ,salmon-,orange b ,grenadine ,bittersweet ,orange ,salmon-,orange ,grenadine ,red 99,flame ,scarlet 99,orange ,chrome i ,english ,red ,mars ,orange 99,orange-,rufous k ,mahogany ,red 99,burnt ,sienna ,sanford's ,brown m 99,bay 99,chestnut ,auburn ,plate ,,iii #ac ,,oy-,o4 #ae ,y-,o4 #ag ,o-,y4 f ,capucine ,buff ,pale ,yellow-,orange ,pale ,orange-,yellow d ,capucine ,orange 99,orange-,buff ,light ,orange-,yellow b ,mikado ,orange ,capucine ,yellow 99,deep ,chrome 99,cadmium ,orange 99,orange 99,cadmium ,yellow i ,xanthine ,orange ,mars ,yellow 99,raw ,sienna k ,amber ,brown ,sudan ,brown ,antique ,brown m ,argus ,brown ,brussels ,brown 99,raw ,umber ,plate ,,iv #ai ,,yo-,y4 #ba ,o-,,yy4 #bc ,,yellow f 99,maize ,yellow ,baryta ,yellow ,martius ,yellow d 99,buff-,yellow ,pinard ,yellow ,picnic ,yellow b ,apricot ,yellow ,empire ,yellow ,pale ,lemon ,yellow ,light ,cadmium ,lemon ,chrome 99,lemon ,yellow i ,aniline ,yellow ,sulphine ,yellow ,pyrite ,yellow k ,orange-,citrine ,citrine ,warbler ,green m ,medal ,bronze ,dark ,citrine 99,olive-,green ,plate ,v #be ,,yg-,y4 #bg ,g-,y4 #bi ,,gg-,y4 f 99,sulphur ,yellow ,pale ,green-,yellow ,pale ,viridine ,yellow d ,pale ,greenish ,yellow ,light ,green-,yellow ,light ,viridine ,yellow b ,light ,greenish ,yellow ,green-,yellow ,viridine ,yellow ,greenish ,yellow ,bright ,green-,yellow ,neva ,green i ,oil ,yellow ,javel ,green ,cosse ,green k ,yellowish ,oil ,green 99,oil ,green ,lettuce ,green m ,calla ,green ,cerro ,green ,spinach ,green ,plate ,,vi #ca ,y-,g4 #cc ,,gy-,g4 #ce ,,green f ,pale ,yellow-,green ,light ,viridine ,green ,pale ,cendre ,green d ,light ,yellow-,green ,viridine ,green ,light ,cendre ,green b ,clear ,yellow-,green ,vanderpoel's ,green ,cendre ,green ,yellow-,green ,night ,green 99,emerald ,green i ,calliste ,green ,scheele's ,green ,peacock ,green k 99,parrot ,green 99,grass ,green ,meadow ,green m ,cedar ,green ,cossack ,green ,antique ,green ,plate ,,vii #cg ,,gb-,g4 #ci ,b-,g4 #da ,,bb-,g4 f ,opaline ,green ,pale ,blue-,green ,pale ,turquoise ,green d ,neuvider ,green ,light ,blue-,green ,turquoise ,green b ,chrysoprase ,green ,tyrolite ,green ,venice ,green ,vivid ,green ,skobeloff ,green ,benzol ,green i 99,viridian ,green ,guinea ,green ,ethyl ,green k ,dark ,viridian ,green ,wall ,green ,sorrento ,green m ,diamine ,green ,anthracene ,green 99,myrtle ,green ,plate ,,viii #dc ,g-,b4 #de ,,bg-,b4 #dg ,g-,,bb4 f ,beryl ,blue 99,pale ,blue 7,ethyl ,blue7 ,pallid ,methyl ,blue d ,calamine ,blue ,pale ,cerulean ,blue ,pale ,methyl ,blue b ,cendre ,blue ,light ,cerulean ,blue ,light ,methyl ,blue ,italian ,blue 99,cerulean ,blue ,methyl ,blue i ,peacock ,blue ,oxide ,blue ,leitch's ,blue k ,patent ,blue 99,antwerp ,blue 99,paris ,blue m ,blackish ,green-,blue 99,marine ,blue 99,berlin ,blue ,plate ,,ix #di ,,blue #ea ,,bv-,b4 #ec ,v-,b4 f ,pale ,mazarine ,blue ,pale ,amparo ,blue ,pallid ,violet-,blue d ,mazarine ,blue ,light ,amparo ,blue ,pale ,violet-,blue b ,salvia ,blue ,amparo ,blue ,light ,violet-,blue ,spectrum ,blue ,bradley's ,blue ,phenyl ,blue i 99,ultramarine ,blue ,lyons ,blue 99,smalt ,blue k ,rood's ,blue ,helvetia ,blue ,hay's ,blue m ,prussian ,blue 99,cyanine ,blue ,azurite ,blue ,plate ,x #ee ,b-,v4 #eg ,,vb-,v4 #ei ,,violet f ,pallid ,blue-,violet ,pallid ,bluish ,violet ,pallid ,violet d ,pale ,blue-,violet ,pale ,bluish ,violet ,pale ,violet b ,light ,blue-,violet ,light ,bluish ,violet ,light ,violet ,blue-,violet ,bluish ,violet ,spectrum ,violet i ,deep ,blue-,violet ,violet ,ultramarine 99,royal ,purple k ,hyacinth ,blue ,roslyn ,blue ,dark ,violet m ,dark ,aniline ,blue ,dark ,bluish ,violet ,blackish ,violet ,plate ,,xi #fa ,,vr-,v4 #fc ,r-,v4 #fe ,,rr-,v4 f ,pale ,hortense ,violet ,pale ,amparo ,purple ,phlox ,pink d ,light ,hortense ,violet ,light ,amparo ,purple ,light ,phlox ,purple b ,hortense ,violet ,amparo ,purple 99,phlox ,purple ,amethyst ,violet ,violet-,purple ,purple 7true7 i ,hyacinth ,violet ,pansy ,violet ,rood's ,violet k ,mulberry ,purple ,cotinga ,purple ,raisin ,purple m ,fluorite ,violet 99,prune ,purple ,blackish ,purple ,plate ,,xii #fg ,v-,r4 #fi ,,rv-,r4 #ga ,v-,,rr4 f ,mallow ,pink ,pale ,amaranth ,pink 99,rose ,pink d ,light ,mallow ,purple ,amaranth ,pink ,deep ,rose-,pink b ,mallow ,purple ,tyrian ,pink ,rose ,color ,rhodamine ,purple ,tyrian ,rose 99,rose ,red i 99,aster ,purple ,amaranth ,purple 99,pomegranate ,purple k 99,dahlia ,purple 99,pansy ,purple ,bordeaux m ,blackish ,red-,purple ,violet ,carmine ,burnt ,lake ,plate ,,xiii #a ,,red #c ,o-,r4 #e ,,oo-,r4 f ,venetian ,pink ,chatenay ,pink ,flesh ,pink d ,alizarine ,pink ,jasper ,pink 99,coral ,pink b ,old ,rose ,light ,jasper ,red ,light ,coral ,red ,eugenia ,red ,jasper ,red 99,coral ,red i ,acajou ,red ,pompeian ,red 99,dragon's-blood ,red k ,vandyke ,red 99,madder ,brown 99,brick ,red m ,hay's ,maroon ,diamine ,brown ,hessian ,brown ,plate ,,xiv #g ,r-,o4 #i ,,or-,o4 #aa ,,orange f ,pale ,flesh ,color ,pale ,salmon ,color ,seashell ,pink d 99,flesh ,color 99,salmon ,color 99,salmon-,buff b ,carrot ,red ,flesh ,ocher ,apricot ,buff ,carnelian ,red 99,rufous ,apricot ,orange i 99,vinaceous-,rufous 99,ferruginous 99,cinnamon-,rufous k ,hay's ,russet ,kaiser ,brown 99,hazel m 99,liver ,brown ,carob ,brown ,chestnut-,brown ,plate ,,xv #ac ,,oy-,o4 #ae ,y-,o4 #ag ,o-,y4 f ,pale ,ochraceous-,salmon ,pale ,ochraceous-,buff ,light ,buff d ,light ,ochraceous-,salmon ,light ,ochraceous-,buff ,warm ,buff b ,ochraceous-,salmon ,ochraceous-,buff ,antimony ,yellow ,zinc ,orange ,ochraceous-,orange ,yellow ,ocher i 99,tawny ,ochraceous-,tawny ,buckthorn ,brown k 99,russet ,cinnamon-,brown ,dresden ,brown m 99,mars ,brown 99,prout's ,brown 99,mummy ,brown ,plate ,,xvi #ai ,,yo-,y4 #ba ,o-,,yy4 #bc ,,yellow f 99,cream ,color ,massicot ,yellow ,naphthalene ,yellow d 99,naples ,yellow 99,straw ,yellow ,barium ,yellow b ,mustard ,yellow ,amber ,yellow 99,citron ,yellow ,primuline ,yellow 99,wax ,yellow ,strontian ,yellow i ,old ,gold ,olive ,lake ,yellowish ,citrine k ,buffy ,citrine ,dull ,citrine ,serpentine ,green m ,saccardo's ,olive ,olive-,citrine ,roman ,green ,plate ,,xvii #be ,,yg-,y4 #bg ,g-,y4 #bi ,,gg-,y4 f ,pale ,chalcedony ,yellow ,pale ,dull ,green-,yellow ,pale ,lumiere ,green d ,light ,chalcedony ,yellow ,light ,dull ,green-,yellow ,light ,lumiere ,green b ,chalcedony ,yellow ,clear ,dull ,green ,yellow ,lumiere ,green ,bright ,chalcedony ,yellow ,dull ,green-,yellow 99,apple ,green i ,courge ,green ,biscay ,green ,light ,bice ,green k ,light ,hellebore ,green ,light ,elm ,green 99,bice ,green m ,hellebore ,green ,elm ,green ,forest ,green ,plate ,,xviii #ca ,y-,g4 #cc ,,gy-,g4 #ce ,,green f ,pale ,veronese ,green ,pale ,tiber ,green ,oural ,green d ,veronese ,green ,tiber ,green ,light ,paris ,green b ,rivage ,green ,light ,oriental ,green 99,paris ,green ,mineral ,green ,oriental ,green ,motmot ,green i ,rinnemann's ,green ,winter ,green ,killarney ,green k ,civette ,green ,hay's ,green ,ackermann's ,green m ,varley's ,green ,dark ,yellowish ,green ,dark ,green ,plate ,,xix #cg ,,gb-,g4 #ci ,b-,g4 #da ,,bb-,g4 f ,dull ,opaline ,green ,microcline ,green ,pale ,nile ,blue d ,variscite ,green ,pale ,sulphate ,green 99,nile ,blue b ,cobalt ,green ,light ,sulphate ,green 99,beryl ,green 99,verdigris ,green ,sulphate ,green ,methyl ,green i ,zinc ,green ,dark ,sulphate ,green 99,sea ,green k ,dark ,zinc ,green ,dark ,cinnabar ,green ,prussian ,green m 99,bottle ,green ,duck ,green ,invisible ,green ,plate ,,xx #dc ,g-,b4 #de ,,bg-,b4 #dg ,g-,,bb4 f ,etain ,blue ,persian ,blue ,light ,sky ,blue d ,lumiere ,blue ,light ,squill ,blue ,sky ,blue b ,bremen ,blue ,squill ,blue ,yale ,blue ,motmot ,blue ,mathews' ,blue ,olympic ,blue i ,capri ,blue 99,china ,blue ,vanderpoel's ,blue k ,jouvence ,blue ,chessylite ,blue ,blanc's ,blue m ,dusky ,green-,blue 7#a7 ,dark ,chessylite ,blue ,dusky ,greenish ,blue ,plate ,,xxi #di ,,blue #ea ,,bv-,b4 #ec ,v-,b4 f ,pale ,grayish ,blue ,wedgewood ,blue ,light ,lavender-,blue d ,pale ,cadet ,blue ,deep ,wedgewood ,blue ,lavender-,blue b ,light ,cadet ,blue 99,flax-flower ,blue ,deep ,lavender-,blue ,clear ,cadet ,blue ,commelina ,blue ,cornflower ,blue i ,cadet ,blue ,diva ,blue ,gentian ,blue k ,deep ,cadet ,blue ,dark ,diva ,blue ,sailor ,blue m ,dark ,cadet ,blue ,alizarine ,blue ,navy ,blue ,plate ,,xxii #dg99 ,g-,,bb4 #di99 ,,blue #ea99 ,,bv-,b4 f ,pale ,king's ,blue ,pale ,neropalin ,blue ,pale ,forget-me-not ,blue d ,light ,king's ,blue ,light ,neropalin ,blue ,light ,forget-me-not ,blue b ,king's ,blue ,neropalin ,blue ,forget-me-not ,blue ,venetian ,blue ,ultramarine ,ash ,dull ,violaceous ,blue i ,jay ,blue ,chapman's ,blue ,grayish ,violaceous ,blue k ,gendarme ,blue ,eton ,blue ,deep ,dull ,violaceous ,blue m ,hortense ,blue ,dusky ,blue ,indulin ,blue ,plate ,,xxiii #ee ,b-,v4 #eg ,,vb-,v4 #ei ,,violet f ,pallid ,soft ,blue-,violet ,pale ,wistaria ,blue ,pale ,wistaria ,violet d ,pale ,soft ,blue-,violet ,light ,wistaria ,blue ,light ,wistaria ,violet b ,light ,soft ,blue-,violet ,wistaria ,blue ,wistaria ,violet ,soft ,blue-,violet ,soft ,bluish ,violet ,bradley's ,violet i ,deep ,soft ,blue-,violet ,deep ,soft ,bluish ,violet ,dauphin's ,violet k ,dark ,soft ,blue-,violet ,dark ,soft ,bluish ,violet ,blanc's ,violet m ,dusky ,violet-,blue 7#a7 ,dusky ,blue-,violet 7#a7 ,dusky ,violet ,plate ,,xxiv #ec99 ,v-,b4 #ee99 ,b-,v4 #eg99 ,,vb-,v4 f ,pallid ,grayish ,violet-,blue ,pale ,campanula ,blue ,light ,chicory ,blue d ,pale ,grayish ,violet-,blue ,light ,campanula ,blue ,chicory ,blue b ,light ,grayish ,violet-,blue 99,campanula ,blue ,deep ,chicory ,blue ,dull ,violet-,blue ,dull ,blue-,violet 7#a7 ,dull ,bluish ,violet 7#a7 i ,grayish ,violet-,blue ,grayish ,blue-,violet 7#a7 ,deep ,dull ,bluish ,violet 7#a7 k ,dark ,dull ,violet-,blue ,dark ,grayish ,blue-,violet ,dark ,dull ,bluish ,violet 7#a7 m ,urania ,blue ,dusky ,blue-,violet 7#b7 99,plum ,purple ,plate ,,xxv #fa ,,vr-,v4 #fc ,r-,v4 #fe ,,rr-,v4 f ,pale ,lavender-,violet ,pale ,mauve ,mauvette d ,light ,lavender-,violet ,light ,mauve 99,lilac b ,lavender-,violet 99,mauve ,chinese ,violet ,pleroma ,violet ,manganese ,violet ,mathews' ,purple i ,haematoxylin ,violet ,litho ,purple ,petunia ,violet k ,anthracene ,violet ,madder ,violet ,nigrosin ,violet m ,dark ,anthracene ,violet ,dark ,madder ,violet ,dark ,nigrosin ,violet ,plate ,,xxvi #fg ,v-,r4 #fi ,,rv-,r4 #ga ,v-,,rr4 f ,pale ,rose-,purple ,rosolane ,pink ,cameo ,pink d 99,rose-,purple ,pale ,rosolane ,purple ,thulite ,pink b ,liseran ,purple ,light ,rosolane ,purple ,spinel ,pink 99,magenta ,rosolane ,purple ,spinel ,red i ,dull ,magenta ,purple ,schoenfeld's ,purple ,indian ,lake k ,dull ,dark ,purple 99,auricula ,purple ,dahlia ,carmine m ,dull ,dusky ,purple ,dusky ,auricula ,purple ,dark ,maroon ,purple ,plate ,,xxvii #a ,,red #c ,o-,r4 #e ,,oo-,r4 f ,pale ,vinaceous ,livid ,pink ,hydrangea ,pink d 99,vinaceous ,corinthian ,pink ,pinkish ,vinaceous b ,deep ,vinaceous ,light ,corinthian ,red ,orange-,vinaceous ,dark ,vinaceous ,corinthian ,red ,etruscan ,red i ,hydrangea ,red ,deep ,corinthian ,red ,ocher ,red k ,mineral ,red ,indian ,red ,prussian ,red m ,dark ,mineral ,red ,dark ,indian ,red ,haematite ,red ,plate ,,xxviii #g ,r-,o4 #i ,,or-,o4 #aa ,,orange f ,pale ,congo ,pink ,pale ,vinaceous-,pink ,shell ,pink d ,light ,congo ,pink 99,vinaceous-,pink 99,buff-,pink b ,congo ,pink ,japan ,rose ,onion-skin ,pink ,terra ,cotta ,testaceous ,vinaceous-,tawny i ,vinaceous-,russet ,cacao ,brown ,pecan ,brown k ,cameo ,brown 99,walnut ,brown ,rood's ,brown m 99,chocolate 99,burnt ,umber 99,vandyke ,brown ,plate ,,xxix #ac ,,oy-,o4 #ae ,y-,o4 #ag ,o-,y4 f ,pale ,cinnamon-,pink ,pale ,pinkish ,cinnamon ,pale ,pinkish ,buff d ,light ,vinaceous-,cinnamon ,light ,pinkish ,cinnamon 99,pinkish ,buff b 99,vinaceous-,cinnamon ,pinkish ,cinnamon ,cinnamon-,buff ,orange-,cinnamon 99,cinnamon 99,clay ,color i ,mikado ,brown ,sayal ,brown 99,tawny-,olive k ,verona ,brown ,snuff ,brown ,saccardo's ,umber m ,warm ,sepia 99,bister 99,sepia ,plate ,,xxx #ai ,,yo-,y4 #ba ,o-,,yy4 #bc ,,yellow f ,cartridge ,buff ,ivory ,yellow ,marguerite ,yellow d ,cream-,buff ,colonial ,buff 99,primrose ,yellow b ,chamois ,deep ,colonial ,buff ,reed ,yellow ,honey ,yellow ,olive-,ocher 99,olive-,yellow i ,isabella ,color ,ecru-,olive ,light ,yellowish ,olive k ,light ,brownish ,olive ,buffy ,olive ,yellowish ,olive m ,brownish ,olive 99,olive ,dark ,greenish ,olive ,plate ,,xxxi #be ,,yg-,y4 #bg ,g-,y4 #bi ,,gg-,y4 f ,seafoam ,yellow ,seafoam ,green ,pale ,glass ,green d ,chartreuse ,yellow ,deep ,seafoam ,green ,glass ,green b ,citron ,green ,chrysolite ,green ,kildare ,green ,lime ,green ,deep ,chrysolite ,green ,absinthe ,green i ,mignonette ,green ,rainette ,green ,light ,cress ,green k ,kronberg's ,green ,jade ,green ,cress ,green m ,ivy ,green ,yew ,green ,dark ,cress ,green ,plate ,,xxxii #ca ,y-,g4 #cc ,,gy-,g4 #ce ,,green f ,pale ,turtle ,green ,pale ,fluorite ,green ,pale ,olivine d ,light ,turtle ,green ,light ,fluorite ,green ,olivine b ,turtle ,green ,clear ,fluorite ,green 99,malachite ,green ,deep ,turtle ,green ,fluorite ,green 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,blue ,tyrian ,blue k ,dark ,gobelin ,blue ,dark ,orient ,blue ,dark ,tyrian ,blue m ,dusky ,green-,blue 7#b7 ,dusky ,orient ,blue 99,indigo ,blue ,plate ,,xxxv #di ,,blue #ea ,,bv-,b4 #ec ,v-,b4 f 99,pearl ,blue ,pale ,grayish ,blue-,violet ,pale ,aniline ,lilac d ,pale ,windsor ,blue ,light ,grayish ,blue-,violet ,aniline ,lilac b ,light ,windsor ,blue ,grayish ,blue-,violet 7#b7 ,deep ,aniline ,lilac ,clear ,windsor ,blue ,dull ,bluish ,violet 7#b7 ,dull ,violet-,blue i ,windsor ,blue ,deep ,dull ,bluish ,violet 7#b7 ,deep ,dull ,violet-,blue k ,acetin ,blue ,dark ,dull ,bluish ,violet 7#b7 ,dark ,dull ,violet-,blue m ,nigrosin ,blue ,diamin-,azo ,blue ,dusky ,dull ,violet-,blue ,plate ,,xxxvi #ee ,b-,v4 #eg ,,vb-,v4 #ei ,,violet f ,pale ,verbena ,violet ,pale ,bluish ,lavender 99,lavender d ,verbena ,violet ,bluish ,lavender ,deep ,lavender b ,ontario ,violet ,light ,dull ,bluish ,violet ,light ,hyssop ,violet ,vanderpoel's ,violet ,dull ,bluish ,violet 7#c7 ,hyssop ,violet i ,dull 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,olive-,brown ,deep ,olive m ,bone ,brown 99,clove ,brown ,dark ,olive ,plate ,,xli #be ,,yg-,y4 #bi ,,gg-,y4 #cc ,,gy-,g4 f ,yellowish ,glaucous ,glaucous ,greenish ,glaucous d ,water ,green ,corydalis ,green ,deep ,greenish ,glaucous b ,light ,grape ,green ,mytho ,green ,dark ,greenish ,glaucous ,grape ,green ,asphodel ,green ,pistachio ,green i ,deep ,grape ,green ,pois ,green ,american ,green k ,lincoln ,green ,leaf ,green ,dark ,american ,green m ,dusky ,olive-,green ,dusky ,yellowish ,green ,dull ,blackish ,green ,plate ,,xlii #cg ,,gb-,g4 #da ,,bb-,g4 #de ,,bg-,b4 f ,bluish ,glaucous ,pale ,dull ,glaucous-,blue ,pale ,russian ,blue d ,deep ,bluish ,glaucous ,light ,dull ,glaucous-,blue ,russian ,blue b ,dark ,bluish ,glaucous ,greenish ,glaucous-,blue ,cadet ,gray ,stone ,green ,bluish ,gray-,green ,parula ,blue i ,russian ,green ,deep ,bluish ,gray-,green ,delft ,blue k ,dark ,russian ,green ,dark ,bluish ,gray-,green ,deep ,delft ,blue m ,dusky ,dull ,green ,dusky ,dull ,bluish ,green ,dark ,delft ,blue ,plate ,,xliii #di ,,blue #ec ,v-,b4 #eg ,,vb-,v4 f 99,lavender-,gray ,plumbago ,blue ,grayish ,lavender d ,endive ,blue ,deep ,plumbago ,blue ,deep ,grayish ,lavender b ,dutch ,blue ,dark ,plumbago ,blue ,dark ,grayish ,lavender ,deep ,dutch ,blue ,madder ,blue ,ramier ,blue i ,slate-,blue ,deep ,madder ,blue ,slate-,violet 7#a7 k ,deep ,slate-,blue ,dark ,madder ,blue ,dark ,slate-,violet 7#a7 m ,dusky ,slate-,blue ,dusky ,violet-,blue 7#b7 ,dusky ,slate-,violet ,plate ,,xliv #fa ,,vr-,v4 #fe ,,rr-,v4 #fi ,,rv-,r4 f ,dull ,lavender ,vinaceous-,lavender ,pale ,vinaceous-,lilac d ,deep ,dull ,lavender ,deep ,vinaceous-,lavender ,light ,vinaceous-,lilac b ,dark ,lavender ,light ,vinaceous-,purple ,vinaceous-,lilac ,slate-,violet 7#b7 ,vinaceous-,purple 7#b7 ,deep ,purplish ,vinaceous i ,deep ,slate-,violet ,slate-,purple ,dull ,indian ,purple k ,dark ,slate-,violet 7#b7 ,dark ,slate-,purple ,anthracene ,purple m ,dull ,violet-,black 7#a7 ,raisin ,black ,taupe ,brown ,plate ,,xlv #a ,,red #e ,,oo-,r4 #i ,,or-,o4 f ,pallid ,purple-,drab ,pallid ,vinaceous-,drab ,pallid ,brownish ,drab d ,pale ,purple-,drab ,pale ,vinaceous-,drab ,pale ,brownish ,drab b ,light ,purple-,drab ,light ,vinaceous-,drab ,light ,brownish ,drab ,purple-,drab ,vinaceous-,drab ,brownish ,drab i ,dark ,purple-,drab ,dark ,vinaceous-,drab ,deep ,brownish ,drab k ,dusky ,brown ,dark ,grayish ,brown ,dusky ,drab m ,blackish ,brown 7#a7 ,blackish ,brown 7#b7 ,blackish ,brown 7#c7 ,plate ,,xlvi #ac ,,oy-,o4 #ag ,o-,y4 #ba ,o-,,yy4 f ,pale ,ecru-,drab ,pale ,drab-,gray ,pale ,smoke ,gray d 99,ecru-,drab 99,drab-,gray 99,smoke ,gray b ,light ,cinnamon-,drab ,light ,drab ,light ,grayish ,olive ,cinnamon-,drab 99,drab ,grayish ,olive i ,benzo ,brown ,hair ,brown ,deep ,grayish ,olive k ,fuscous ,chaetura ,drab ,dark ,grayish ,olive m ,fuscous-,black ,chaetura ,black ,olivaceous ,black 7#a7 ,plate ,,xlvii #be ,,yg-,y4 #bi ,,gg-,y4 #cc ,,gy-,g4 f ,light ,mineral ,gray ,court ,gray ,puritan ,gray d ,mineral ,gray ,gnaphalium ,green ,light ,celandine ,green b ,tea ,green 99,pea ,green ,celandine ,green ,vetiver ,green 99,sage ,green ,artemisia ,green i ,andover ,green ,slate-,olive ,lily ,green k ,dark ,ivy ,green ,deep ,slate-,olive ,deep ,slate-,green m ,olivaceous ,black 7#b7 ,dull ,greenish ,black 7#a7 ,dull ,greenish ,black 7#b7 ,plate ,,xlviii #cg ,,gb-,g4 #da ,,bb-,g4 #de ,,bg-,b4 f ,glaucous-,gray ,pale ,medici ,blue ,pale ,green-,blue ,gray d ,deep ,glaucous-,gray ,light ,medici ,blue ,clear ,green-,blue ,gray b ,dark ,glaucous-,gray ,medici ,blue ,deep ,green-,blue ,gray ,grayish ,blue-,green ,deep ,medici ,blue ,dark ,green-,blue ,gray i ,deep ,grayish ,blue-,green ,dark ,medici ,blue ,green-,blue ,slate k ,dark ,grayish ,blue-,green ,saccardo's ,slate ,dark ,green-,blue ,slate m ,greenish ,slate-,black ,dull ,blue-,green ,black ,bluish ,slate-,black ,plate ,,xlix #di ,,blue #ec ,v-,b4 #eg ,,vb-,v4 f ,pale ,payne's ,gray ,pale ,violet-,plumbeous ,rood's ,lavender d ,light ,payne's ,gray ,light ,violet-,plumbeous ,pale ,varley's ,gray b ,clear ,payne's ,gray ,violet-,plumbeous ,light ,varley's ,gray ,payne's ,gray ,deep ,violet-,plumbeous ,varley's ,gray i ,deep ,payne's ,gray ,violet-,slate ,deep ,varley's ,gray k ,dark ,payne's ,gray ,dark ,violet-,slate ,dark ,varley's ,gray m ,bluish ,black ,dull ,violet-,black 7#b7 ,blue-,violet ,black ,plate ,l #fa ,,vr-,v4 #fe ,,rr-,v4 #fi ,,rv-,r4 f ,light ,plumbago ,gray ,light ,heliotrope-,gray ,light ,vinaceous-,gray d ,plumbago ,gray ,heliotrope-,gray ,vinaceous-,gray b ,deep ,plumbago ,gray ,deep ,heliotrope ,gray ,deep ,vinaceous-,gray ,dark ,plumbago ,gray ,dark ,heliotrope ,gray ,dark ,vinaceous-,gray i ,plumbago ,slate ,heliotrope-,slate ,vinaceous-,slate k ,dark ,plumbago ,slate ,dark ,heliotrope ,slate ,deep ,slaty ,brown m ,dull ,violet-,black 7#c7 ,dull ,purplish ,black ,aniline ,black ,plate ,,li #a ,,red #ae ,y-,o4 #bc ,,yellow f ,pallid ,quaker ,drab ,pallid ,mouse ,gray ,pale ,olive-,gray d ,pale ,quaker ,drab ,pale ,mouse ,gray ,light ,olive-,gray b ,light ,quaker ,drab ,light ,mouse ,gray 99,olive-,gray ,quaker ,drab 99,mouse ,gray ,deep ,olive-,gray i ,deep ,quaker ,drab ,deep ,mouse ,gray ,dark ,olive-,gray k ,dark ,quaker ,drab ,dark ,mouse ,gray ,iron ,gray m ,sooty ,black ,blackish ,mouse ,gray ,olivaceous ,black 7#c7 ,plate ,,lii #ce ,,green #di ,,blue #ei ,,violet f 99,pearl ,gray 99,french ,gray 99,lilac-,gray d ,dawn ,gray 99,cinereous ,pale ,violet-,gray b ,hathi ,gray 99,plumbeous ,light ,violet-,gray ,storm ,gray ,deep ,plumbeous ,violet-,gray i ,castor ,gray ,dark ,plumbeous ,deep ,violet-,gray k ,dusky ,green-,gray ,blackish ,plumbeous ,dark ,violet-,gray m ,blackish ,green-,gray ,plumbeous-,black ,blackish ,violet-,gray ,plate ,,liii #fg ,v-,r4 ,,neutral ,,gray ,,carbon ,,gray ,white ,white 99#aj4 ,gray4 7,pale ,gull ,gray7 f ,pallid ,purplish ,gray ,pallid ,neutral ,gray 99#i4 ,gray4 7,light ,gull ,gray7 d ,pale ,purplish ,gray ,pale ,neutral ,gray 99#h4 ,gray4 7,gull ,gray7 b ,light ,purplish ,gray ,light ,neutral ,gray 99#g4 ,gray4 7,deep ,gull ,gray7 ,purplish ,gray ,neutral ,gray 99#f4 ,gray4 7,dark ,gull ,gray7 i ,deep ,purplish ,gray ,deep ,neutral ,gray 99#e4 ,slate-,gray k ,dark ,purplish ,gray ,dark ,neutral ,gray 99#d4 ,slate ,color m ,dusky ,purplish ,gray ,dusky ,neutral ,gray 99#c4 ,blackish ,slate ,black 99#a4 ,black 99#b4 ,slate-,black ,,explanation ,,of ,,plates ,,xxii ,,and ,,xxiv4 ,reference to these plates was unfortunately overlooked when the text was going through the press4 ,these plates are simply extras4 ,they were made at an early stage in the preparation of the work and discarded2 but were finally inserted1 merely to add to the number of colors represented4 ,transcriber's ,note ,underscores are used to mark italic text4 ,equal signs are used to mark bold text4 ,capital letters are used to represent ,,small ,,caps4 ,the color sample for ,light ,corinthian ,red on plate ,,vvxii is missing from the original book4