,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,obvi\s pr9t] errors h be5 correct$4 ,hyph5ation has be5 rationalis$4 ,small capitals h be5 replac$ by full capitals4 ,italics are indicat$ by und]scores4 ,a li/ ( o!r books f ! same publi%]1 & a preface to !m1 h be5 mov$ to ! end ( ! book4 ,,/4 ,,francis ,,( ,,assisi ,,by ,g4 ,k4 ,,*e/]ton ,illu/ration3 ,h,s ,,hodd] ,,& ,,/\ghton ,,ltd4 ,,london ,,toronto ,cont5ts ,,page ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,problem ,,( ,,/4 ,,francis #g ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,_w ,,/4 ,,francis ,,f\nd #ah ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,francis ,,! ,,fight] #dj ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,francis ,,! ,,build] #eh ,,*apt] ,v ,,le ,,jongleur ,,de ,,dieu #gd ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,little ,,poor ,,man #id ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,?ree ,,ord]s #aac ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,mirror ,,( ,,*ri/ #acc ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,miracles ,,& ,,dea? #aec ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,te/am5t ,,( ,,/4 ,,francis #agb ,*apt] ,i ,! ,problem ( ,/4 ,francis ,a sket* ( ,/4 ,francis ( ,assisi 9 mod]n ,engli% may be writt5 9 "o ( ?ree ways4 ,betwe5 ^! ! writ] mu/ make 8 selection2 & ! ?ird way1 :i* is adopt$ "h1 is 9 "s respects ! mo/ difficult ( all4 ,at lea/1 x w\ld be ! mo/ difficult if ! o!r two 7 n impossible4 ,fir/1 he may deal ) ?is great & mo/ amaz+ man z a figure 9 secul> hi/ory & a model ( social virtues4 ,he may describe ?is div9e demagogue z be+1 z he probably 01 ! _w's "o q s9c]e democrat4 ,he may say 7:at means v little7 t ,/4 ,francis 0 9 advance ( 8 age4 ,he may say 7:at is q true7 t ,/4 ,francis anticipat$ all t is mo/ lib]al & sympa!tic 9 ! mod]n mood2 ! love ( nature2 ! love ( animals2 ! s5se ( social compassion2 ! s5se ( ! spiritual dang]s ( prosp]ity & ev5 ( prop]ty4 ,all ^? ?+s t nobody und]/ood be=e ,wordswor? 7 famili> to ,/4 ,francis4 ,all ^? ?+s t 7 fir/ discov]$ by ,tol/oy _h be5 tak5 = grant$ by ,/4 ,francis4 ,he c\ld be pres5t$1 n only z a human b a humanit>ian h]o2 inde$ z ! fir/ h]o ( humanism4 ,he has be5 describ$ z a sort ( morn+ /> ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,& 9 comp>ison ) all ^! ?+s1 8 ascetical !ology c be ignor$ or dismiss$ z a contempor>y accid5t1 :i* 0 =tunately n a fatal accid5t4 ,8 religion c be reg>d$ z a sup]/ition1 b an inevitable sup]/ition1 f :i* n ev5 g5ius c\ld :olly free itself2 9 ! consid]ation ( :i* x w\ld be unju/ to condemn ,/4 ,francis = 8 self-d5ial or unduly *ide him = 8 *a/ity4 ,x is q true t ev5 f s deta*$ a /&po9t 8 /ature w\ld /ill appe> h]oic4 ,!re w\ld /ill be a great deal to be said ab\t ! man :o tri$ to end ! ,crusades by talk+ to ! ,s>ac5s or :o int]c$$ ) ! ,emp]or = ! birds4 ,! writ] might describe 9 a purely hi/orical _s ! :ole ( t great ,franciscan inspiration t 0 felt 9 ! pa9t+ ( ,giotto1 9 ! poetry ( ,dante1 9 ! miracle plays t made possible ! mod]n drama1 & 9 s _m o!r ?+s t are already appreciat$ by ! mod]n culture4 ,he may try to d x1 z o!rs h done1 almo/ )\t rais+ any religi\s "q at all4 ,9 %ort1 he may try to tell ! /ory ( a sa9t )\t ,god2 :i* is l be+ told to write ! life ( ,nans5 & =bidd5 to m5tion ! ,nor? ,pole4 ,second1 he may g to ! opposite extreme1 & decide1 z x 71 to be defiantly devotional4 ,he may make ! !ological en?usiasm z ?or\ghly ! !me z x 0 ! !me ( ! fir/ ,franciscans4 ,he may treat religion z ! real ?+ t x 0 to ! real ,francis ( ,assisi4 ,he c f9d an au/]e joy1 s to speak1 9 p>ad+ ! p>adoxes ( asceticism & all ! holy topsy-turvydom ( humility4 ,he c /amp ! :ole hi/ory ) ! ,/igmata1 record fa/s l fights aga9/ a dragon2 till 9 ! vague mod]n m9d ,/4 ,francis is z d>k a figure z ,/4 ,dom9ic4 ,9 %ort he c produce :at _m 9 our _w w reg>d z a sort ( photographic negative1 ! rev]sal ( all lights & %ades2 :at ! fooli% w f9d z imp5etrable z d>kness & ev5 _m ( ! wise w f9d almo/ z invisible z if x 7 writt5 9 silv] ^u :ite4 ,su* a /udy ( ,/4 ,francis w\ld be un9telligible to anyone :o does n %>e 8 religion1 p]haps only p>tly intelligible to anyone :o does n %>e 8 vocation4 ,accord+ to degrees ( judgm5t1 x w be reg>d$ z some?+ too bad or too good = ! _w4 ,! only difficulty ab\t do+ ! ?+ 9 ?is way is t x _c be done4 ,x w\ld really require a sa9t to write ! life ( a sa9t4 ,9 ! pres5t case ! objections to su* a c\rse are insup]able4 ,?ird1 he may try to d :at ,i h tri$ to d "h2 &1 z ,i h already sugge/$1 ! c\rse has peculi> problems ( its own4 ,! writ] may put himself 9 ! position ( ! ord9>y mod]n outsid] & enquir]2 z inde$ ! pres5t writ] is /ill l>gely & 0 once entirely 9 t position4 ,he may />t f ! /&po9t ( a man :o already admires ,/4 ,francis1 b only = ^? ?+s :i* su* a man f9ds admirable4 ,9 o!r words he may assume t ! read] is at lea/ z enlight5$ z ,r5an or ,mat!w ,arnold2 b 9 ! light ( t enlight5m5t he may try to illum9ate :at ,r5an & ,mat!w ,arnold left d>k4 ,he may try to use :at is und]/ood to expla9 :at is n und]/ood4 ,he may say to ! mod]n ,engli% read]3 ,"h is an hi/orical "* :i* is admitt$ly attractive to _m ( u already1 by its gaiety1 its romantic imag9ation1 its spiritual c\rtesy & cam>ad]ie1 b :i* also conta9s elem5ts 7evid5tly equally s9c]e & emphatic7 :i* seem to y q remote & repulsive4 ,b aft] all1 ?is man 0 a man & n half a doz5 m54 ,:at seems inconsi/5cy to y did n seem inconsi/5cy to him4 ,let u see :e!r we c und]/&1 ) ! help ( ! exi/+ und]/&+1 ^! o!r ?+s t seem n[ to be d\bly d>k1 by _! intr9sic gloom & _! ironic contra/4 ,i d n mean1 ( c\rse1 t ,i c really rea* su* a psy*ological complet5ess 9 ?is crude & curt outl9e4 ,b ,i mean t ?is is ! only controv]sial condition t ,i %all "h assume2 t ,i am deal+ ) ! sympa!tic outsid]4 ,i %all n assume any m or any less agreem5t ?an ?is4 ,a mat]iali/ may n c>e :e!r ! inconsi/5cies are reconcil$ or n4 ,a ,ca?olic may n see any inconsi/5cies to reconcile4 ,b ,i am "h address+ ! ord9>y mod]n man1 sympa!tic b sceptical1 & ,i c only r hazily hope t1 by approa*+ ! great sa9t's /ory ?r\gh :at is evid5tly picturesque & popul> ab\t x1 ,i may at lea/ leave ! read] und]/&+ a little m ?an he did be=e ( ! consi/5cy ( a complete "*2 t by approa*+ x 9 ?is way1 we may at lea/ get a glimm]+ ( :y ! poet :o prais$ 8 "l ! sun1 (t5 hid himself 9 a d>k cav]n1 ( :y ! sa9t :o 0 s g5tle ) 8 ,bro!r ! ,wolf 0 s h>% to 8 ,bro!r ! ,ass 7z he nicknam$ 8 own body71 ( :y ! tr\bad\r :o said t love set 8 he>t on fire sep>at$ himself f wom51 ( :y ! s+] :o rejoic$ 9 ! /r5g? & gaiety ( ! fire delib]ately roll$ himself 9 ! sn[1 ( :y ! v song :i* cries ) all ! passion ( a pagan1 ,prais$ be ,god = our ,si/]1 ,"m ,e>?1 :i* br+s =? v>i$ fruits & grass & gl[+ fl[]s1 ends almo/ ) ! words ,prais$ be ,god = our ,si/]1 ! dea? ( ! body4 ,r5an & ,mat!w ,arnold fail$ utt]ly at ?is te/4 ,!y 7 cont5t to foll[ ,francis ) _! praises until !y 7 /opp$ by _! prejudices2 ! /ubborn prejudices ( ! sceptic4 ,! mom5t ,francis began to d some?+ !y did n und]/& or did n l1 !y did n try to und]/& x1 /ill less to l x2 !y simply turn$ _! backs on ! :ole bus9ess & walk$ no m ) him4 ,no man w get any fur!r along a pa? ( hi/orical enquiry 9 t fa%ion4 ,^! sceptics are really driv5 to drop ! :ole subject 9 despair1 to leave ! mo/ simple & s9c]e ( all hi/orical *>act]s z a mass ( contradictions1 to be prais$ on ! pr9ciple ( ! curate's egg4 ,arnold ref]s to ! asceticism ( ,alv]no almo/ hurri$ly1 z if x 7 an unlucky b und5iable blot on ! beauty ( ! /ory2 or r z if x 7 a pitiable break-d[n & ba?os at ! end ( ! /ory4 ,n[ ?is is simply to be /one-bl9d to ! :ole po9t ( any /ory4 ,to repres5t ,m\nt ,alv]no z ! m]e collapse ( ,francis is exactly l repres5t+ ,m\nt ,calv>y z ! m]e collapse ( ,*ri/4 ,^? m\nta9s are m\nta9s1 :atev] else !y are1 & x is nons5se to say 7l ! ,r$ ,que57 t !y are comp>ative holl[s or negative holes 9 ! gr\nd4 ,!y 7 q manife/ly meant to be culm9ations & l&m>ks4 ,to treat ! ,/igmata z a sort ( sc&al1 to be t\*$ on t5d]ly b ) pa91 is exactly l treat+ ! orig9al five w\nds ( ,jesus ,*ri/ z five blots on ,8 "*4 ,y may dislike ! idea ( asceticism2 y may dislike equally ! idea ( m>tyrdom2 = t matt] y may h an hone/ & natural dislike ( ! :ole conception ( sacrifice symbolis$ by ! cross4 ,b if x is an intellig5t dislike1 y w /ill reta9 ! capacity = see+ ! po9t ( a /ory2 ( ! /ory ( a m>tyr or ev5 ! /ory ( a monk4 ,y w n be able rationally to read ! ,gospel & reg>d ! ,crucifixion z an aft]?\ght or an anti-climax or an accid5t 9 ! life ( ,*ri/2 x is obvi\sly ! po9t ( ! /ory l ! po9t ( a sword1 ! sword t pi]c$ ! he>t ( ! ,"m ( ,god4 ,& y w n be able rationally to read ! /ory ( a man pres5t$ z a ,mirror ( ,*ri/ )\t und]/&+ 8 f9al phase z a ,man ( ,sorr[s1 & at lea/ arti/ically appreciat+ ! appropriat5ess ( 8 receiv+1 9 a cl\d ( my/]y & isolation1 inflict$ by no human h&1 ! unheal$ ev]la/+ w\nds t heal ! _w4 ,! practical reconciliation ( ! gaiety & au/]ity ,i mu/ leave ! /ory itself to sugge/4 ,b s9ce ,i h m5tion$ ,mat!w ,arnold & ,r5an & ! rationali/ic admir]s ( ,/4 ,francis1 ,i w "h give ! h9t ( :at x seems to me mo/ advisable = su* read]s to keep 9 m9d4 ,^! di/+ui%$ writ]s f\nd ?+s l ! ,/igmata a /umbl+-block because to !m a religion 0 a philosophy4 ,x 0 an imp]sonal ?+2 & x is only ! mo/ p]sonal passion t provides "h an approximate e>?ly p>allel4 ,a man w n roll 9 ! sn[ = a /ream ( t5d5cy by :i* all ?+s fulfil ! law ( _! be+4 ,he w n g )\t food 9 ! "n ( some?+1 n ourselves1 t makes = righte\sness4 ,he w d ?+s l ?is1 or pretty ne>ly l ?is1 "u q a diff]5t impulse4 ,he w d ^! ?+s :5 he is 9 love4 ,! fir/ fact to realise ab\t ,/4 ,francis is involv$ 9 ! fir/ fact ) :i* 8 /ory />ts2 t :5 he said f ! fir/ t he 0 a ,tr\bad\r1 & said lat] t he 0 a ,tr\bad\r ( a new] & nobl] romance1 he 0 n us+ a m]e metaphor1 b und]/ood himself mu* bett] ?an ! s*ol>s und]/& him4 ,he 01 to ! la/ agonies ( asceticism1 a ,tr\bad\r4 ,he 0 a ,lov]4 ,he 0 a lov] ( ,god & he 0 really & truly a lov] ( m52 possibly a mu* r>] my/ical vocation4 ,a lov] ( m5 is v ne>ly ! opposite ( a philan?ropi/2 inde$ ! p$antry ( ! ,greek ^w c>ries some?+ l a satire on itself4 ,a philan?ropi/ may be said to love an?ropoids4 ,b z ,/4 ,francis did n love humanity b m51 s he did n love ,*ri/ianity b ,*ri/4 ,say1 if y ?9k s1 t he 0 a lunatic lov+ an imag9>y p]son2 b an imag9>y p]son1 n an imag9>y idea4 ,& = ! mod]n read] ! clue to ! asceticism & all ! re/ c be/ be f\nd 9 ! /ories ( lov]s :5 !y seem$ to be r l lunatics4 ,tell x z ! tale ( "o ( ! ,tr\bad\rs1 & ! wild ?+s he w\ld d = 8 lady1 & ! :ole ( ! mod]n puzzle disappe>s4 ,9 su* a romance !re w\ld be no contradiction betwe5 ! poet ga!r+ fl[]s 9 ! sun & endur+ a freez+ vigil 9 ! sn[1 betwe5 8 prais+ all e>?ly & bodily beauty & !n refus+ to eat1 betwe5 8 glorify+ gold & purple & p]v]sely go+ 9 rags1 betwe5 8 %[+ pa!tically a hung] = a happy life & a ?ir/ = a h]oic dea?4 ,all ^! riddles w\ld easily be resolv$ 9 ! simplicity ( any noble love2 only ?is 0 s noble a love t n9e m5 out ( t5 h h>dly ev5 he>d ( x4 ,we %all see lat] t ?is p>allel ( ! e>?ly lov] has a v practical relation to ! problems ( 8 life1 z to 8 relations ) 8 fa!r & ) 8 fri5ds & _! families4 ,! mod]n read] w almo/ always f9d t if he c\ld only feel ?is k9d ( love z a reality1 he c\ld feel ?is k9d ( extravagance z a romance4 ,b ,i only note x "h z a prelim9>y po9t because1 ?\gh x is v f> f be+ ! f9al tru? 9 ! matt]1 x is ! be/ approa* to x4 ,! read] _c ev5 beg9 to see ! s5se ( a /ory t may well seem to him a v wild "o1 until he und]/&s t to ?is great my/ic 8 religion 0 n a ?+ l a !ory b a ?+ l a love-affair4 ,& ! only purpose ( ?is prefatory *apt] is to expla9 ! limits ( ?is pres5t book2 :i* is only address$ to t "p ( ! mod]n _w :i* f9ds 9 ,/4 ,francis a c]ta9 mod]n difficulty2 :i* c admire him yet h>dly accept him1 or :i* c appreciate ! sa9t almo/ )\t ! sanctity4 ,& my only claim ev5 to attempt su* a task is t ,i myself h = s long be5 9 v>i\s /ages ( su* a condition4 ,_m ?\s& ?+s t ,i n[ p>tly compreh5d ,i %\ld h ?\ght utt]ly incompreh5sible1 _m ?+s ,i n[ hold sacr$ ,i %\ld h sc\t$ z utt]ly sup]/iti\s1 _m ?+s t seem to me lucid & enlight5$ n[ !y are se5 f ! inside ,i %\ld hone/ly h call$ d>k & b>b>\s se5 f ! outside1 :5 long ago 9 ^? days ( boyhood my fancy fir/ caught fire ) ! glory ( ,francis ( ,assisi4 ,i too h liv$ 9 ,arcady2 b ev5 9 ,arcady ,i met "o walk+ 9 a br[n habit :o lov$ ! woods bett] ?an ,pan4 ,! figure 9 ! br[n habit /&s above ! he>? 9 ! room :]e ,i write1 & alone among _m su* images1 at no /age ( my pilgrimage has he ev] seem$ to me a /rang]4 ,!re is some?+ ( h>mony betwe5 ! he>? & ! firefight & my own fir/ pleasure 9 8 words ab\t 8 bro!r fire2 = he /&s f> en\gh back 9 my memory to m+le ) all ^? m dome/ic dreams ( ! fir/ days4 ,ev5 ! fanta/ic %ad[s ?r[n by fire make a sort ( %ad[ pantomime t belongs to ! nurs]y2 yet ! %ad[s 7 ev5 !n ! %ad[s ( 8 fav\rite bea/s & birds1 z he saw !m1 grotesque b halo$ ) ! love ( ,god4 ,8 ,bro!r ,wolf & ,bro!r ,%eep seem$ !n almo/ l ! ,br] ,fox & ,br] ,rabbit ( a m ,*ri/ian ,uncle ,remus4 ,i h come sl[ly to see _m & m m>vell\s aspects ( su* a man1 b ,i h nev] lo/ t "o4 ,8 figure /&s on a sort ( bridge connect+ my boyhood ) my conv]sion to _m o!r ?+s2 = ! romance ( 8 religion _h p5etrat$ ev5 ! rationalism ( t vague ,victorian "t4 ,9 s f> z ,i h _h ?is exp]i5ce1 ,i may be able to lead o!rs a little fur!r along t road2 b only a v little fur!r4 ,nobody kn[s bett] ?an ,i d n[ t x is a road ^u :i* angels might fe> to tread2 b ?\gh ,i am c]ta9 ( failure ,i am n altoge!r ov]come by fe>2 = he suff]$ fools gladly4 ,*apt] ,,ii ,! ,_w ,/4 ,francis ,f\nd ,! mod]n innovation :i* has sub/itut$ j\rnalism = hi/ory1 or = t tradition t is ! gossip ( hi/ory1 has _h at lea/ "o def9ite effect4 ,x has insur$ t ev]ybody %\ld only he> ! end ( e /ory4 ,j\rnali/s are 9 ! habit ( pr9t+ above ! v la/ *apt]s ( _! s]ial /ories 7:5 ! h]o & h]o9e are j ab\t to embrace 9 ! la/ *apt]1 z only an unfa?omable p]v]sity prev5t$ !m f do+ 9 ! fir/7 ! r mislead+ words1 ,y c beg9 ?is /ory "h4 ,b ev5 ?is is n a complete p>allel2 = ! j\rnals d give "s sort ( a summ>y ( ! /ory1 :ile !y nev] give any?+ remotely resembl+ a summ>y ( ! hi/ory4 ,newspap]s n only deal ) news1 b !y deal ) ev]y?+ z if x 7 entirely new4 ,tutankam51 = in/ance1 0 entirely new4 ,x is exactly 9 ! same fa%ion t we read t ,admiral ,bangs has be5 %ot1 :i* is ! fir/ intimation we h t he has ev] be5 born4 ,!re is some?+ s+ul>ly significant 9 ! use :i* j\rnalism makes ( its /ores ( biography4 ,x nev] ?9ks ( publi%+ ! life until x is publi%+ ! dea?4 ,z x deals ) individuals x deals ) in/itutions & ideas4 ,aft] ! ,great ,w> our public began to be told ( all sorts ( nations be+ emancipat$4 ,x _h nev] be5 told a ^w ab\t _! be+ enslav$4 ,we 7 call$ ^u to judge ( ! ju/ice ( ! settlem5ts1 :5 we _h nev] be5 all[$ to he> ( ! v exi/5ce ( ! qu>rels4 ,p w\ld ?9k x p$antic to talk ab\t ! ,s]bian epics & !y pref] to speak 9 pla9 e-day mod]n language ab\t ! ,yugo-,slavonic int]national new diplomacy2 & !y are q excit$ ab\t some?+ !y call ,cze*o-,slovakia )\t app>5tly hav+ ev] he>d ( ,bohemia4 ,?+s t are z old z ,europe are reg>d$ z m rec5t ?an ! v late/ claims pegg$ out on ! prairies ( ,am]ica4 ,x is v excit+2 l ! la/ act ( a play to p :o h only come into ! !atre j be=e ! curta9 falls4 ,b x does n conduce exactly to kn[+ :at x is all ab\t4 ,to ^? cont5t ) ! m]e fact ( a pi/ol-%ot or a passionate embrace1 su* a leisurely mann] ( patronis+ ! drama may be recomm5d$4 ,to ^? torm5t$ by a m]ely intellectual curiosity ab\t :o is kiss+ or kill+ :om1 & :y1 x is unsatisfactory4 ,mo/ mod]n hi/ory1 especially 9 ,engl&1 suff]s f ! same imp]fection z j\rnalism4 ,at be/ x only tells half ( ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/5dom2 & t ! second half )\t ! fir/ half4 ,m5 = :om reason beg9s ) ! ,revival ( ,le>n+1 m5 = :om religion beg9s ) ! ,re=mation1 c nev] give a complete acc\nt ( any?+1 = !y h to />t ) in/itutions ^: orig9 !y _c expla91 or g5]ally ev5 imag9e4 ,j z we he> ( ! admiral be+ %ot b h nev] he>d ( 8 be+ born1 s we all he>d a great deal ab\t ! dissolution ( ! mona/]ies1 b we he>d next to no?+ ab\t ! creation ( ! mona/]ies4 ,n[ ?is sort ( hi/ory w\ld be hopelessly insuffici5t1 ev5 = an intellig5t man :o hat$ ! mona/]ies4 ,x is hopelessly insuffici5t 9 connection ) in/itutions t _m intellig5t m5 d 9 a q heal?y _s hate4 ,= in/ance1 x is possible t "s ( u h occasionally se5 "s m5tion1 by our le>n$ lead]-writ]s1 ( an obscure in/itution call$ ! ,spani% ,inquisition4 ,well1 x really is an obscure in/itution1 accord+ to !m & ! hi/ories !y read4 ,x is obscure because its orig9 is obscure4 ,prote/ant hi/ory simply beg9s ) ! horrible ?+ 9 possession1 z ! pantomime beg9s ) ! demon k+ 9 ! gobl9 kit*54 ,x is likely en\gh t x 01 especially t[>ds ! end1 a horrible ?+ t might be haunt$ by demons2 b if we say ?is 0 s1 we h no notion :y x 0 s4 ,to und]/& ! ,spani% ,inquisition x w\ld be necess>y to discov] two ?+s t we h nev] dream$ ( bo!r+ ab\t2 :at ,spa9 0 & :at an ,inquisition 04 ,! =m] w\ld br+ 9 ! :ole great "q ab\t ! ,crusade aga9/ ! ,moors2 & by :at h]oic *ivalry a ,european nation fre$ itself ( an ali5 dom9ation f ,africa4 ,! latt] w\ld br+ 9 ! :ole bus9ess ( ! o!r ,crusade aga9/ ! ,albig5sians1 & :y m5 lov$ & hat$ t nihili/ic vision f ,asia4 ,unless we und]/& t !re 0 9 ^! ?+s orig9ally ! ru% & romance ( a ,crusade1 we _c und]/& h[ !y came to deceive m5 or drag !m on t[>ds evil4 ,! ,crusad]s d\btless abus$ _! victory1 b !re 0 a victory to abuse4 ,& :]e !re is victory !re is val\r 9 ! field & popul>ity 9 ! =um4 ,!re is "s sort ( en?usiasm t enc\rages excesses or cov]s faults4 ,= in/ance1 ,i = "o h ma9ta9$ f v e>ly days ! responsibility ( ! ,engli% = _! atroci\s treatm5t ( ! ,iri%4 ,b x w\ld be q unfair to ! ,engli% to describe ev5 ! devilry ( '#ih & leave out altoge!r all m5tion ( ! w> ) ,napoleon4 ,x w\ld be unju/ to sugge/ t ! ,engli% m9d 0 b5t on no?+ b ! dea? ( ,emmett1 :5 x 0 m probably full ( ! glory ( ! dea? ( ,nelson4 ,un=tunately '#ih 0 v f> f be+ ! la/ date ( su* dirty "w2 & only a few ye>s ago our politicians />t$ try+ to rule by r&om robb+ & kill+1 :ile g5tly remon/rat+ ) ! ,iri% = _! memory ( old unhappy f>-(f ?+s & battles long ago4 ,b h[ev] badly we may ?9k ( ! ,black-&-,tan bus9ess1 x w\ld be unju/ to =get t mo/ ( u 7 n ?9k+ ( ,black-&-,tan b ( khaki2 & t khaki _h j !n a noble & national connotation cov]+ _m ?+s4 ,to write ( ! w> 9 ,irel& & leave out ! w> aga9/ ,prussia1 & ! ,engli% s9c]ity ab\t x1 w\ld be unju/ to ! ,engli%4 ,s to talk ab\t ! torture-eng9e z if x _h be5 a hide\s toy is unju/ to ! ,spani%4 ,x does n tell s5sibly f ! />t ! /ory ( :at ! ,spani>d did1 & :y4 ,we may conc$e to our contempor>ies t 9 any case x is n a /ory t ends well4 ,we d n insi/ t 9 _! v]sion x %\ld beg9 well4 ,:at we compla9 ( is t 9 _! v]sion x does n beg9 at all4 ,!y are only 9 at ! dea?2 or ev51 l ,"l ,tom ,noddy1 too late = ! hang+4 ,x is q true t x 0 sometimes m horrible ?an any hang+2 b !y only ga!r1 s to speak1 ! v a%es ( ! a%es2 ! fag-end ( ! faggot4 ,! case ( ! ,inquisition is "h tak5 at r&om1 = x is "o among any numb] illu/rat+ ! same ?+2 & n because x is especially connect$ ) ,/4 ,francis1 9 :atev] s5se x may h be5 connect$ ) ,/4 ,dom9ic4 ,x may well be sugge/$ lat] inde$ t ,/4 ,francis is un9telligible1 j z ,/4 ,dom9ic is un9telligible1 unless we d und]/& some?+ ( :at ! ?irte5? c5tury meant by h]esy & a crusade4 ,b = ! mom5t ,i use x z a less] example = a mu* l>g] purpose4 ,x is to po9t out t to beg9 ! /ory ( ,/4 ,francis ) ! bir? ( ,/4 ,francis w\ld be to miss ! :ole po9t ( ! /ory1 or r n to tell ! /ory at all4 ,& x is to sugge/ t ! mod]n tail-=emo/ type ( j\rnali/ic hi/ory p]petually fails u4 ,we le>n ab\t re=m]s )\t kn[+ :at !y _h to re=m1 ab\t rebels )\t a notion ( :at !y rebell$ aga9/1 ( memorials t are n connect$ ) any memory & re/orations ( ?+s t _h app>5tly nev] exi/$ be=e4 ,ev5 at ! exp5se ( ?is *apt] appe>+ disproportionate1 x is necess>y to say some?+ ab\t ! great movem5ts t l$ up to ! entrance ( ! f\nd] ( ! ,franciscans4 ,x may seem to mean describ+ a _w1 or ev5 a univ]se1 9 ord] to describe a man4 ,x w inevitably mean t ! _w or ! univ]se w be describ$ ) a few desp]ate g5]alisations 9 a few abrupt s5t5ces4 ,b s f> f its mean+ t we see a v small figure "u s l>ge a sky1 x w mean t we mu/ measure ! sky be=e we c beg9 to measure ! t[]+ /ature ( ! man4 ,& ?is phrase alone br+s me to ! prelim9>y sugge/ions t seem necess>y be=e ev5 a slight sket* ( ! life ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,x is necess>y to realise1 9 h[ev] rude & elem5t>y a fa%ion1 into :at sort ( a _w ,/4 ,francis ent]$ & :at has be5 ! hi/ory ( t _w1 at lea/ 9 s f> z x affect$ him4 ,x is necess>y to h1 if only 9 a few s5t5ces1 a sort ( preface 9 ! =m ( an ,outl9e ( ,hi/ory1 if we may borr[ ! phrase ( ,mr4 ,wells4 ,9 ! case ( ,mr4 ,wells himself1 x is evid5t t ! di/+ui%$ noveli/ suff]$ ! same disadvantage z if he _h be5 oblig$ to write a novel ( :i* he hat$ ! h]o4 ,to write hi/ory & hate ,rome1 bo? pagan & papal1 is practically to hate ne>ly ev]y?+ t has happ5$4 ,x comes v ne> to hat+ humanity on purely humanit>ian gr\nds4 ,to dislike bo? ! prie/ & ! soldi]1 bo? ! laurels ( ! w>rior & ! lilies ( ! sa9t1 is to suff] a division f ! mass ( mank9d = :i* n all ! dext]ities ( ! f9e/ & mo/ flexible ( mod]n intellig5ces c comp5sate4 ,a mu* wid] sympa?y is ne$$ = ! hi/orical sett+ ( ,/4 ,francis1 himself bo? a soldi] & a sa9t4 ,i w !re=e conclude ?is *apt] ) a few g5]alisations ab\t ! _w t ,/4 ,francis f\nd4 ,m5 w n believe because !y w n broad5 _! m9ds4 ,z a matt] ( individual belief1 ,i %\ld ( c\rse express x by say+ t !y are n suffici5tly ca?olic to be ,ca?olic4 ,b ,i am n go+ to discuss "h ! doctr9al tru?s ( ,*ri/ianity1 b simply ! broad hi/orical fact ( ,*ri/ianity1 z x might appe> to a really enlight5$ & imag9ative p]son ev5 if he 7 n a ,*ri/ian4 ,:at ,i mean at ! mom5t is t ! majority ( d\bts are made out ( details4 ,9 ! c\rse ( r&om read+ a man comes across a pagan cu/om t /rikes him z picturesque or a ,*ri/ian action t /rikes him z cruel2 b he does n enl>ge 8 m9d suffici5tly to see ! ma9 tru? ab\t pagan cu/om or ! ,*ri/ian reaction aga9/ x4 ,until we und]/&1 n necess>ily 9 detail1 b 9 _! big bulk & proportion t pagan progress & t ,*ri/ian reaction1 we _c really und]/& ! po9t ( hi/ory at :i* ,/4 ,francis appe>s or :at 8 great popul> mission 0 all ab\t4 ,n[ ev]ybody kn[s1 ,i imag9e1 t ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies 7 an awak5+ ( ! _w4 ,!y 7 a fre% fl[]+ ( culture & ! creative arts aft] a long spell ( mu* /]n] & ev5 m /]ile exp]i5ce :i* we call ! ,d>k ,ages4 ,!y may be call$ an emancipation2 !y 7 c]ta9ly an end2 an end ( :at may at lea/ seem a h>%] & m inhuman "t4 ,b :at 0 x t 0 end$8 ,f :at 0 x t m5 7 emancipat$8 ,t is :]e !re is a real collision & po9t at issue betwe5 ! diff]5t philosophies ( hi/ory4 ,on ! m]ely ext]nal & secul> side1 x has be5 truly said t m5 awoke f a sleep2 b !re _h be5 dreams 9 t sleep ( a my/ical & sometimes ( a mon/r\s k9d4 ,9 t rationali/ic r\t9e into :i* mo/ mod]n hi/orians h fall51 x is consid]$ en\gh to say t !y 7 emancipat$ f m]e savage sup]/ition & advanc$ t[>ds m]e civilis$ enlight5m5t4 ,n[ ?is is ! big blund] t /&s z a /umbl+-block at ! v beg9n+ ( our /ory4 ,anybody :o supposes t ! ,d>k ,ages 7 pla9 d>kness & no?+ else1 & t ! dawn ( ! ?irte5? c5tury 0 pla9 daylight & no?+ else1 w n be able to make head or tail ( ! human /ory ( ,/4 ,francis ( ,assisi4 ,! tru? is t ! joy ( ,/4 ,francis & 8 ,jongleurs de ,dieu 0 n m]ely an awak5+4 ,x 0 some?+ :i* _c be und]/ood )\t und]/&+ _! own my/ical cre$4 ,! end ( ! ,d>k ,ages 0 n m]ely ! end ( a sleep4 ,x 0 c]ta9ly n m]ely ! end ( a sup]/iti\s enslavem5t4 ,x 0 ! end ( some?+ belong+ to a q def9ite b q diff]5t ord] ( ideas4 ,x 0 ! end ( a p5ance2 or1 if x be pref]r$1 a purgation4 ,x m>k$ ! mom5t :5 a c]ta9 spiritual expiation _h be5 f9ally work$ out & c]ta9 spiritual diseases _h be5 f9ally expell$ f ! sy/em4 ,!y _h be5 expell$ by an era ( asceticism1 :i* 0 ! only ?+ t c\ld h expell$ !m4 ,*ri/ianity _h ent]$ ! _w to cure ! _w2 & %e _h cur$ x 9 ! only way 9 :i* x c\ld be cur$4 ,view$ m]ely 9 an ext]nal & exp]im5tal fa%ion1 ! :ole ( ! high civilisation ( antiquity _h end$ 9 ! le>n+ ( a c]ta9 lesson2 t is1 9 its conv]sion to ,*ri/ianity4 ,b t lesson 0 a psy*ological fact z well z a !ological fai?4 ,t pagan civilisation _h inde$ be5 a v high civilisation4 ,x w\ld n weak5 our !sis1 x might ev5 /r5g!n x1 to say t x 0 ! highe/ t humanity ev] rea*$4 ,x _h discov]$ its /ill unrivall$ arts ( poetry & pla/ic repres5tation2 x _h discov]$ its own p]man5t political ideals2 x _h discov]$ its own cle> sy/em ( logic & ( language4 ,b above all1 x _h discov]$ its own mi/ake4 ,t mi/ake 0 too deep to be ideally def9$2 ! %ort-h& ( x is to call x ! mi/ake ( nature-wor%ip4 ,x might almo/ z truly be call$ ! mi/ake ( be+ natural2 & x 0 a v natural mi/ake4 ,! ,greeks1 ! great guides & pione]s ( pagan antiquity1 />t$ out ) ! idea ( some?+ spl5didly obvi\s & direct2 ! idea t if man walk$ /raight ahead on ! high road ( reason & nature1 he c\ld come to no h>m2 especially if he 01 z ! ,greek 01 em95tly enlight5$ & intellig5t4 ,we might be s flippant z to say t man 0 simply to foll[ 8 nose1 s long z x 0 a ,greek nose4 ,& ! case ( ! ,greeks !mselves is alone en\gh to illu/rate ! /range b c]ta9 fatality t att5ds ^u ?is fallacy4 ,no soon] did ! ,greeks !mselves beg9 to foll[ _! own noses & _! own notion ( be+ natural1 ?an ! que]e/ ?+ 9 hi/ory seems to h happ5$ to !m4 ,x 0 mu* too que] to be an easy matt] to discuss4 ,x may be rem>k$ t our m repulsive reali/s nev] give u ! b5efit ( _! realism4 ,_! /udies ( unsav\ry subjects nev] take note ( ! te/imony :i* !y be> to ! tru?s ( a traditional morality4 ,b if we _h ! ta/e = su* ?+s1 we c\ld cite ?\s&s ( su* ?+s z "p ( ! case = ,*ri/ian morals4 ,& an in/ance ( ?is is f\nd 9 ! fact t nobody has writt51 9 ?is s5se1 a real moral hi/ory ( ! ,greeks4 ,nobody has se5 ! scale or ! /rang5ess ( ! /ory4 ,! wise/ m5 9 ! _w set out to be natural2 & ! mo/ unnatural ?+ 9 ! _w 0 ! v fir/ ?+ !y did4 ,! imm$iate effect ( salut+ ! sun & ! sunny sanity ( nature 0 a p]v]sion spread+ l a pe/il5ce4 ,! greate/ & ev5 ! pure/ philosoph]s c\ld n app>5tly avoid ?is l[ sort ( lunacy4 ,:y8 ,x w\ld seem simple en\gh = ! p ^: poets _h conceiv$ ,hel5 ( ,troy1 ^: sculptors _h c>v$ ! ,v5us ( ,milo1 to rema9 heal?y on ! po9t4 ,! tru? is t p :o wor%ip heal? _c rema9 heal?y4 ,:5 ,man goes /raight he goes crook$4 ,:5 he foll[s 8 nose he manages someh[ to put 8 nose out ( jo9t1 or ev5 to cut (f 8 nose to spite 8 face2 & t 9 accordance ) some?+ mu* deep] 9 human nature ?an nature-wor%ipp]s c\ld ev] und]/&4 ,x 0 ! discov]y ( t deep] ?+1 humanly speak+1 t con/itut$ ! conv]sion to ,*ri/ianity4 ,!re is a bias 9 man l ! bias 9 ! b[l2 & ,*ri/ianity 0 ! discov]y ( h[ to correct ! bias & !re=e hit ! m>k4 ,!re are _m :o w smile at ! say+2 b x is pr(\ndly true to say t ! glad good news br\ght by ! ,gospel 0 ! news ( orig9al s94 ,rome rose at ! exp5se ( h] ,greek tea*]s l>gely because %e did n entirely cons5t to be taught ^! tricks4 ,%e _h a mu* m dec5t dome/ic tradition2 b %e ultimately suff]$ f ! same fallacy 9 h] religi\s tradition2 :i* 0 necess>ily 9 no small degree ! hea!n tradition ( nature-wor%ip4 ,:at 0 ! matt] ) ! :ole hea!n civilisation 0 t !re 0 no?+ = ! mass ( m5 9 ! way ( my/icism1 except t conc]n$ ) ! my/]y ( ! nameless =ces ( nature1 su* z sex & gr[? & dea?4 ,9 ! ,roman ,empire also1 long be=e ! end1 we f9d nature-wor%ip inevitably produc+ ?+s t are aga9/ nature4 ,cases l t ( ,n]o h pass$ into a prov]b1 :5 ,sadism sat on a ?rone braz5 9 ! broad daylight4 ,b ! tru? ,i mean is some?+ mu* m subtle & univ]sal ?an a conv5tional catalogue ( atrocities4 ,:at _h happ5$ to ! human imag9ation1 z a :ole1 0 t ! :ole _w 0 col\r$ by dang]\s & rapidly det]iorat+ passions2 by natural passions becom+ unnatural passions4 ,?us ! effect ( treat+ sex z only "o innoc5t natural ?+ 0 t e o!r innoc5t natural ?+ became soak$ & sodd5 ) sex4 ,= sex _c be admitt$ to a m]e equality among elem5t>y emotions or exp]i5ces l eat+ & sleep+4 ,! mom5t sex ceases to be a s]vant x becomes a tyrant4 ,!re is some?+ dang]\s & disproportionate 9 its place 9 human nature1 = :atev] reason2 & x does really ne$ a special purification & d$ication4 ,! mod]n talk ab\t sex be+ free l any o!r s5se1 ab\t ! body be+ beautiful l any tree or fl[]1 is ei!r a description ( ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed5 or a piece ( ?or\ghly bad psy*ology1 ( :i* ! _w grew we>y two ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,?is is n to be confus$ ) m]e self-righte\s s5sationalism ab\t ! wick$ness ( ! pagan _w4 ,x 0 n s mu* t ! pagan _w 0 wick$ z t x 0 good en\gh to realise t its paganism 0 becom+ wick$1 or r 0 on ! logical high road to wick$ness4 ,i mean t !re 0 no future = natural magic2 to deep5 x 0 only to d>k5 x into black magic4 ,!re 0 no future = x2 because 9 ! pa/ x _h only be5 innoc5t because x 0 "y4 ,we might say x _h only be5 innoc5t because x 0 %all[4 ,pagans 7 wis] ?an paganism2 t is :y ! pagans became ,*ri/ians4 ,?\s&s ( !m _h philosophy & family virtues & milit>y hon\r to hold !m up2 b by ?is "t ! purely popul> ?+ call$ religion 0 c]ta9ly dragg+ !m d[n4 ,:5 ?is reaction aga9/ ! evil is all[$ =1 x is true to repeat t x 0 an evil t 0 ev]y:]e4 ,9 ano!r & m lit]al s5se its "n 0 ,pan4 ,x 0 no metaphor to say t ^! p ne$$ a new heav5 & a new e>?2 = !y _h really defil$ _! own e>? & ev5 _! own heav54 ,h[ c\ld _! case be met by look+ at ! sky1 :5 erotic leg5ds 7 scrawl$ 9 />s across x2 h[ c\ld !y le>n any?+ f ! love ( birds & fl[]s aft] ! sort ( love /ories t 7 told ( !m8 ,x is impossible "h to multiply evid5ces1 & "o small example may /& = ! re/4 ,we "k :at sort ( s5tim5tal associations are call$ up to u by ! phrase a g>d52 & h[ we ?9k mo/ly ( ! memory ( melan*oly & innoc5t romances1 or q z (t5 ( "s graci\s maid5 lady or k9dly old p>son pott]+ "u a yew h$ge1 p]haps 9 sight ( a village spire4 ,!n1 let anyone :o kn[s a little ,lat9 poetry recall sudd5ly :at w\ld once h /ood 9 place ( ! sun-dial or ! f\nta91 obsc5e & mon/r\s 9 ! sun2 & ( :at sort 0 ! god ( _! g>d5s4 ,no?+ c\ld purge ?is obsession b a religion t 0 lit]ally une>?ly4 ,x 0 no good tell+ su* p to h a natural religion full ( />s & fl[]s2 !re 0 n a fl[] or ev5 a /> t _h n be5 /a9$4 ,!y _h to g into ! des]t :]e !y c\ld f9d no fl[]s or ev5 into ! cav]n :]e !y c\ld see no />s4 ,into t des]t & t cav]n ! highe/ human intellect ent]$ = "s f\r c5turies2 & x 0 ! v wise/ ?+ x c\ld d4 ,no?+ b ! />k sup]natural /ood up = its salvation2 if ,god c\ld n save x1 c]ta9ly ! gods c\ld n4 ,! ,e>ly ,*ur* call$ ! gods ( paganism devils2 & ! ,e>ly ,*ur* 0 p]fectly "r4 ,:atev] natural religion may h _h to d ) _! beg9n+s1 no?+ b fi5ds n[ inhabit$ ^? holl[ %r9es4 ,pan 0 no?+ b panic4 ,v5us 0 no?+ b v5]eal vice4 ,i d n mean = a mom5t1 ( c\rse1 t all ! individual pagans 7 ( ?is "* ev5 to ! end2 b x 0 z individuals t !y diff]$ f x4 ,no?+ di/+ui%es paganism f ,*ri/ianity s cle>ly z ! fact t ! individual ?+ call$ philosophy _h little or no?+ to d ) ! social ?+ call$ religion4 ,anyh[ x 0 no good to prea* natural religion to p to :om nature _h gr[n z unnatural z any religion4 ,!y knew mu* bett] ?an we d :at 0 ! matt] ) !m & :at sort ( demons at once tempt$ & torm5t$ !m2 & !y wrote across t great space ( hi/ory ! text3 ,?is sort goe? n out b by pray] & fa/+4 ,n[ ! hi/oric importance ( ,/4 ,francis & ! transition f ! twelf? to ! ?irte5? c5tury1 lies 9 ! fact t !y m>k$ ! end ( ?is expiation4 ,m5 at ! close ( ! ,d>k ,ages may h be5 rude & unlett]$ & unle>n$ 9 ev]y?+ b w>s ) hea!n tribes1 m b>b>\s ?an !mselves1 b !y 7 clean4 ,!y 7 l *ildr52 ! fir/ beg9n+s ( _! rude arts h all ! clean pleasure ( *ildr54 ,we h to conceive !m 9 ,europe z a :ole liv+ "u little local gov]nm5ts1 feudal 9 s f> z !y 7 a survival ( fi]ce w>s ) ! b>b>ians1 (t5 mona/ic & c>ry+ a m fri5dly & fa!rly "*1 /ill fa9tly imp]ial 9 s f> z ,rome /ill rul$ z a great leg5d4 ,b 9 ,italy some?+ _h surviv$ m typical ( ! f9] _s ( antiquity3 ! republic4 ,italy 0 dott$ ) little /ates1 l>gely democratic 9 _! ideals1 & (t5 fill$ ) real citiz5s4 ,b ! city no long] lay op5 z "u ! ,roman peace1 b 0 p5t 9 high walls = def5ce aga9/ feudal w> & all ! citiz5s _h to be soldi]s4 ,"o ( ^! /ood 9 a /eep & /rik+ position on ! wood$ hills ( ,umbria2 & its "n 0 ,assisi4 ,out ( its deep gate "u its high turrets 0 to come ! message t 0 ! gospel ( ! h\r1 ,y\r w>f>e is accompli%$1 y\r iniquity is p>don$4 ,b x 0 out ( all ^! fragm5t>y ?+s ( feudalism & fre$om & rema9s ( ,roman ,law t !re 0 to rise1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 va/ & almo/ univ]sal1 ! mighty civilisation ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,x is an exagg]ation to attribute x entirely to ! inspiration ( any "o man1 ev5 ! mo/ orig9al g5ius ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,its elem5t>y e?ics ( frat]nity & fair play _h nev] be5 entirely ext9ct & ,*ri/5dom _h nev] be5 any?+ less ?an ,*ri/ian4 ,! great truisms ab\t ju/ice & pity c be f\nd 9 ! rude/ mona/ic records ( ! b>b>ic transition or ! /iffe/ maxims ( ! ,byzant9e decl9e4 ,& e>ly 9 ! elev5? & twelf? c5turies a l>g] moral movem5t _h cle>ly begun4 ,b :at may fairly be said ( x is ?is1 t ov] all ^? fir/ movem5ts !re 0 /ill some?+ ( t anci5t au/]ity t came f ! long p5it5tial p]iod4 ,x 0 ! twilight ( morn+2 b x 0 /ill a grey twilight4 ,?is may be illu/rat$ by ! m]e m5tion ( two or ?ree ( ^! re=ms be=e ! ,franciscan re=m4 ,! mona/ic in/itution itself1 ( c\rse1 0 f> old] ?an all ^! ?+s2 inde$ x 0 und\bt$ly almo/ z old z ,*ri/ianity4 ,its c\nsels ( p]fection _h always tak5 ! =m ( v[s ( *a/ity & pov]ty & ob$i5ce4 ,) ^! unworldly aims x _h long ago civilis$ a great "p ( ! _w4 ,! monks _h taught p to pl\gh & s[ z well z to read & write2 inde$ !y _h taught ! p ne>ly ev]y?+ t ! p knew4 ,b x may truly be said t ! monks 7 sev]ely practical1 9 ! s5se t !y 7 n only practical b also sev]e2 ?\gh !y 7 g5]ally sev]e ) !mselves & practical = o!r p4 ,all ?is e>ly mona/ic movem5t _h long ago settl$ d[n & d\btless (t5 det]iorat$2 b :5 we come to ! fir/ m$ieval movem5ts ?is /]n] "* is /ill app>5t4 ,?ree examples may be tak5 to illu/rate ! po9t4 ,fir/1 ! anci5t social m\ld ( slav]y 0 already beg9n+ to melt4 ,n only 0 ! slave turn+ into ! s]f1 :o 0 practically free z reg>ds 8 own f>m & family life1 b _m lords 7 free+ slaves & s]fs altoge!r4 ,?is 0 done "u ! pressure ( ! prie/s2 b especially x 0 done 9 ! _s ( a p5ance4 ,9 "o s5se1 ( c\rse1 any ,ca?olic society mu/ h an atmosph]e ( p5ance2 b ,i am speak+ ( t r /]n] _s ( p5ance :i* _h expiat$ ! excesses ( paganism4 ,!re 0 ab\t su* re/itutions ! atmosph]e ( ! dea?-b$2 z _m ( !m d\btless 7 examples ( dea?-b$ rep5tance4 ,a v hone/ a!i/ ) :om ,i once debat$ made use ( ! expression1 ,m5 h only be5 kept 9 slav]y by ! fe> ( hell4 ,z ,i po9t$ out to him1 if he _h said t m5 _h only be5 fre$ f slav]y by ! fe> ( hell1 he w\ld at lea/ h be5 ref]r+ to an unque/ionable hi/orical fact4 ,ano!r example 0 ! sweep+ re=m ( ,*ur* discipl9e by ,pope ,gregory ! ,sev5?4 ,x really 0 a re=m1 und]tak5 f ! highe/ motives & hav+ ! heal?ie/ results2 x conduct$ a se>*+ inquisition aga9/ simony or ! f9ancial corruptions ( ! cl]gy2 x insi/$ on a m s]i\s & self-sacrific+ ideal = ! life ( a p>i% prie/4 ,b ! v fact t ?is l>gely took ! =m ( mak+ univ]sal ! obligation ( celibacy w /rike ! note ( some?+ :i*1 h[ev] noble1 w\ld seem to _m to be vaguely negative4 ,! ?ird example is 9 "o s5se ! /ronge/ ( all4 ,= ! ?ird example 0 a w>2 a h]oic w> & = _m ( u a holy w>2 b /ill some?+ hav+ all ! />k & t]rible responsibilities ( w>4 ,!re is no space "h to say all t %\ld be said ab\t ! true nature ( ! ,crusades4 ,ev]ybody kn[s t 9 ! v d>ke/ h\r ( ! ,d>k ,ages a sort ( h]esy _h sprung up 9 ,arabia & become a new religion ( a milit>y b nomadic sort1 invok+ ! "n ( ,mahomet4 ,intr9sically x _h a "* f\nd 9 _m h]esies f ! ,moslem to ! ,moni/4 ,x seem$ to ! h]etic a sane simplification ( religion2 :ile x seems to ! ,ca?olic an insane simplification ( religion1 because x simplifies all to a s+le idea & s loses ! bread? & balance ( ,ca?olicism4 ,anyh[ its objective "* 0 t ( a milit>y dang] to ,*ri/5dom & ,*ri/5dom _h /ruck at ! v he>t ( x1 9 seek+ to reconqu] ! ,holy ,places4 ,! great ,duke ,godfrey & ! fir/ ,*ri/ians :o /orm$ ,j]usalem 7 h]oes if !re 7 ev] any 9 ! _w2 b !y 7 ! h]oes ( a trag$y4 ,n[ ,i h tak5 ^! two or ?ree examples ( ! e>li] m$ieval movem5ts 9 ord] to note ab\t !m "o g5]al "*1 :i* ref]s back to ! p5ance t foll[$ paganism4 ,!re is some?+ 9 all ^! movem5ts t is brac+ ev5 :ile x is /ill bleak1 l a w9d bl[+ betwe5 ! clefts ( ! m\nta9s4 ,t w9d1 au/]e & pure1 ( :i* ! poet speaks1 is really ! _s ( ! "t1 = x is ! w9d ( a _w t has at la/ be5 purifi$4 ,to anyone :o c appreciate atmosph]es !re is some?+ cle> & clean ab\t ! atmosph]e ( ?is crude & (t5 h>% society4 ,its v lu/s are clean2 = !y h no long] any smell ( p]v]sion4 ,its v cruelties are clean2 !y are n ! luxuri\s cruelties ( ! amphi!atre4 ,!y come ei!r ( a v simple horror at blasphemy or a v simple fury at insult4 ,gradually aga9/ ?is grey backgr\nd beauty beg9s to appe>1 z some?+ really fre% & delicate & above all surpris+4 ,love return+ is no long] :at 0 once call$ platonic b :at is /ill call$ *ivalric love4 ,! fl[]s & />s h recov]$ _! fir/ innoc5ce4 ,fire & wat] are felt to be wor?y to be ! bro!r & si/] ( a sa9t4 ,! purge ( paganism is complete at la/4 ,= wat] itself has be5 wa%$4 ,fire itself has be5 purifi$ z by fire4 ,wat] is no long] t wat] into :i* slaves 7 flung to fe$ ! fi%es4 ,fire is no long] t fire ?r\gh :i* *ildr5 7 pass$ to ,molo*4 ,fl[]s smell no m ( ! =gott5 g>l&s ga!r$ 9 ! g>d5 ( ,priapus2 />s /& no m z signs ( ! f> frigidity ( gods z cold z ^? cold fires4 ,!y are all l ?+s newly made & await+ new names1 f "o :o %all come to "n !m4 ,nei!r ! univ]se nor ! e>? h n[ any long] ! old s9i/] significance ( ! _w4 ,!y await a new reconciliation ) man1 b !y are already capable ( be+ reconcil$4 ,man has /ripp$ f 8 s\l ! la/ rag ( nature-wor%ip1 & c return to nature4 ,:ile x 0 yet twilight a figure appe>$ sil5tly & sudd5ly on a little hill above ! city1 d>k aga9/ ! fad+ d>kness4 ,= x 0 ! end ( a long & /]n night1 a night ( vigil1 n unvisit$ by />s4 ,he /ood ) 8 h&s lift$1 z 9 s _m /atues & pictures1 & ab\t him 0 a bur/ ( birds s++2 & beh9d him 0 ! break ( day4 ,*apt] ,,iii ,francis ! ,fight] ,accord+ to "o tale1 :i* if n true w\ld be none ! less typical1 ! v "n ( ,/4 ,francis 0 n s mu* a "n z a nickname4 ,!re w\ld be some?+ ak9 to 8 famili> & popul> in/9ct 9 ! notion t he 0 nicknam$ v mu* z an ord9>y s*oolboy might be call$ ,fr5*y at s*ool4 ,accord+ to ?is v]sion1 8 "n 0 n ,francis at all b ,john2 & 8 companions call$ him ,francesco or ,! little ,fr5*man because ( 8 passion = ! ,fr5* poetry ( ! ,tr\bad\rs4 ,! m probable /ory is t 8 "m _h nam$ him ,john :5 he 0 born 9 ! abs5ce ( 8 fa!r1 :o %ortly return$ f a visit to ,france1 :]e 8 comm]cial success _h fill$ him ) s mu* en?usiasm = ,fr5* ta/e & social usage t he gave 8 son ! new "n signify+ ! ,frank or ,fr5*man4 ,9 ei!r case ! "n has a c]ta9 significance1 z connect+ ,francis f ! fir/ ) :at he himself reg>d$ z ! romantic fairyl& ( ! ,tr\bad\rs4 ,! "n ( ! fa!r 0 ,pietro ,b]n>done & he 0 a sub/antial citiz5 ( ! guild ( ! clo? m]*ants 9 ! t[n ( ,assisi4 ,x is h>d to describe ! position ( su* a man )\t "s appreciation ( ! position ( su* a guild & ev5 ( su* a t[n4 ,x did n exactly correspond to any?+ t is meant 9 mod]n times ei!r by a m]*ant or a man ( bus9ess or a tradesman1 or any?+ t exi/s "u ! conditions ( capitalism4 ,b]n>done may h employ$ p b he 0 n an employ]2 t is1 he did n belong to an employ+ class z di/9ct f an employ$ class4 ,! p]son we def9itely he> ( 8 employ+ is 8 son ,francis2 :o1 "o is tempt$ to guess1 0 ab\t ! la/ p]son t any man ( bus9ess w\ld employ if x 7 conv5i5t to employ anybody else4 ,he 0 ri*1 z a peasant may be ri* by ! "w ( 8 own family2 b he evid5tly expect$ 8 own family to "w 9 a way almo/ z pla9 z a peasant's4 ,he 0 a prom95t citiz51 b he belong$ to a social ord] :i* exi/$ to prev5t him be+ too prom95t to be a citiz54 ,x kept all su* p on _! own simple level1 & no prosp]ity connot$ t escape f drudg]y by :i* 9 mod]n times ! lad might h seem$ to be a "l or a f9e g5tleman or some?+ o!r ?an ! clo? m]*ant's son4 ,?is is a rule t is prov$ ev5 9 ! exception4 ,francis 0 "o ( ^? p :o are popul> ) ev]ybody 9 any case2 & 8 guileless swagg] z a ,tr\bad\r & lead] ( ,fr5* fa%ions made him a sort ( romantic r+lead] among ! "y m5 ( ! t[n4 ,he ?rew money ab\t bo? 9 extravagance & b5evol5ce1 9 a way native to a man :o nev]1 all 8 life1 exactly und]/ood :at money 04 ,?is mov$ 8 "m to m+l$ exultation & exasp]ation & %e said1 z any tradesman's wife might say any:]e3 ,he is m l a pr9ce ?an our son4 ,b "o ( ! e>lie/ glimpses we h ( him %[s him z simply sell+ bales ( clo? f a boo? 9 ! m>ket2 :i* 8 "m may or may n h believ$ to be "o ( ! habits ( pr9ces4 ,?is fir/ glimpse ( ! "y man 9 ! m>ket is symbolic 9 m ways ?an "o4 ,an incid5t occurr$ :i* is p]haps ! %orte/ & %>pe/ summ>y t c\ld be giv5 ( c]ta9 curi\s ?+s :i* 7 a "p ( 8 "*1 long be=e x 0 transfigur$ by transc5d5tal fai?4 ,:ile he 0 sell+ velvet & f9e embroid]ies to "s solid m]*ant ( ! t[n1 a begg> came implor+ alms2 evid5tly 9 a some:at tactless mann]4 ,x 0 a rude & simple society & !re 7 no laws to puni% a />v+ man = express+ 8 ne$ = food1 su* z h be5 e/abli%$ 9 a m humanit>ian age2 & ! lack ( any organis$ police p]mitt$ su* p]sons to pe/] ! weal?y )\t any great dang]4 ,b !re 01 ,i believe1 9 _m places a local cu/om ( ! guild =bidd+ outsid]s to int]rupt a fair b>ga92 & x is possible t "s su* ?+ put ! m5dicant m ?an normally 9 ! wrong4 ,francis _h all 8 life a great lik+ = p :o _h be5 put hopelessly 9 ! wrong4 ,on ?is occasion he seems to h dealt ) ! d\ble int]view ) r a divid$ m9d2 c]ta9ly ) di/raction1 possibly ) irritation4 ,p]haps he 0 all ! m uneasy because ( ! almo/ fa/idi\s /&>d ( mann]s t came to him q naturally4 ,all are agre$ t polit5ess fl[$ f him f ! fir/1 l "o ( ! public f\nta9s 9 su* a sunny ,italian m>ket place4 ,he might h writt5 among 8 own poems z 8 own motto t v]se ( ,mr4 ,belloc's poem-- ',( ,c\rtesy1 x is mu* less ,?an c\rage ( he>t or hol9ess1 ,yet 9 my walks x seems to me ,t ! grace ( ,god is 9 ,c\rtesy4' ,nobody ev] d\bt$ t ,francis ,b]n>done _h c\rage ( he>t1 ev5 ( ! mo/ ord9>y manly & milit>y sort2 & a "t 0 to come :5 !re 0 q z little d\bt ab\t ! hol9ess & ! grace ( ,god4 ,b ,i ?9k t if !re 0 "o ?+ ab\t :i* he 0 punctili\s1 x 0 punctili\sness4 ,if !re 0 "o ?+ ( :i* s humble a man c\ld be said to be pr\d1 he 0 pr\d ( good mann]s4 ,only beh9d 8 p]fectly natural urbanity 7 wid] & ev5 wild] possibilities1 ( :i* we get ! fir/ fla% 9 ?is trivial incid5t4 ,anyh[ ,francis 0 evid5tly torn two ways ) ! bo!ration ( two talk]s1 b f9i%$ 8 bus9ess ) ! m]*ant someh[2 & :5 he _h f9i%$ x1 f\nd ! begg> 0 gone4 ,francis leapt f 8 boo?1 left all ! bales ( velvet & embroid]y beh9d him app>5tly unprotect$1 & w5t rac+ across ! m>ket place l an arr[ f ! b[4 ,/ill runn+1 he ?read$ ! labyr9? ( ! n>r[ & crook$ /reets ( ! little t[n1 look+ = 8 begg>1 :om he ev5tually discov]$2 & load$ t a/oni%$ m5dicant ) money4 ,!n he /raight5$ himself1 s to speak1 & swore be=e ,god t he w\ld nev] all 8 life refuse help to a poor man4 ,! sweep+ simplicity ( ?is und]tak+ is extremely *>act]i/ic4 ,nev] 0 any man s little afraid ( 8 own promises4 ,8 life 0 "o riot ( ra% v[s2 ( ra% v[s t turn$ out "r4 ,! fir/ biograph]s ( ,francis1 naturally alive ) ! great religi\s revolution t he wr\ght1 equally naturally look$ back to 8 fir/ ye>s *iefly = om5s & signs ( su* a spiritual e>?quake4 ,b writ+ at a great] di/ance1 we %all n decrease t dramatic effect1 b r increase x1 if we realise t !re 0 n at ?is "t any ext]nal sign ( any?+ p>ticul>ly my/ical ab\t ! "y man4 ,he _h n any?+ ( t e>ly s5se ( 8 vocation t has belong$ to "s ( ! sa9ts4 ,ov] & above 8 ma9 ambition to w9 fame z a ,fr5* poet1 he w\ld seem to h mo/ (t5 ?\ght ( w9n+ fame z a soldi]4 ,he 0 born k9d2 he 0 brave 9 ! normal boyi% fa%ion2 b he drew ! l9e bo? 9 k9dness & brav]y pretty well :]e mo/ boys w\ld h drawn x2 = in/ance1 he _h ! human horror ( leprosy ( :i* few normal p felt any ne$ to be a%am$4 ,he _h ! love ( gay & bright app>el :i* 0 inh]5t 9 ! h]aldic ta/e ( m$ieval times & seems altoge!r to h be5 r a fe/ive figure4 ,if he did n pa9t ! t[n r$1 he w\ld probably h pref]r$ to pa9t x all ! col\rs ( ! ra9b[1 z 9 a m$ieval picture4 ,b 9 ?is /ory ( ! "y man 9 gay g>m5ts scamp]+ aft] ! vani%+ begg> 9 rags !re are c]ta9 notes ( 8 natural individuality t mu/ be assum$ f fir/ to la/4 ,= in/ance1 !re is ! _s ( swiftness4 ,9 a s5se he cont9u$ runn+ = ! re/ ( 8 life1 z he ran aft] ! begg>4 ,because ne>ly all ! err&s he ran on 7 err&s ( m]cy1 !re appe>$ 9 8 portraiture a m]e elem5t ( mildness :i* 0 true 9 ! true/ s5se1 b is easily misund]/ood4 ,a c]ta9 precipitancy 0 ! v poise ( 8 s\l4 ,?is sa9t %\ld be repres5t$ among ! o!r sa9ts z angels 7 sometimes repres5t$ 9 pictures ( angels2 ) fly+ feet or ev5 ) fea!rs2 9 ! _s ( ! text t makes angels w9ds & mess5g]s a flam+ fire4 ,x is a curiosity ( language t c\rage actually means runn+2 & "s ( our sceptics w no d\bt demon/rate t c\rage really means runn+ away4 ,b 8 c\rage 0 runn+1 9 ! s5se ( ru%+4 ,) all 8 g5tl5ess1 !re 0 orig9ally some?+ ( impati5ce 9 8 impetuosity4 ,! psy*ological tru? ab\t x illu/rates v well ! mod]n muddle ab\t ! ^w practical4 ,if we mean by :at is practical :at is mo/ imm$iately practicable1 we mean m]ely :at is easie/4 ,9 t s5se ,/4 ,francis 0 v unpractical1 & 8 ultimate aims 7 v unworldly4 ,b if we mean by practicality a pref]5ce = prompt ef=t & en]gy ov] d\bt or delay1 he 0 v practical inde$4 ,"s might call him a madman1 b he 0 ! v rev]se ( a dream]4 ,nobody w\ld be likely to call him a man ( bus9ess2 b he 0 v emphatically a man ( action4 ,9 "s ( 8 e>ly exp]im5ts he 0 r too mu* ( a man ( action2 he act$ too soon & 0 too practical to be prud5t4 ,b at e turn ( 8 extraord9>y c>e] we %all f9d him fl++ himself r\nd corn]s 9 ! mo/ unexpect$ fa%ion1 z :5 he flew ?r\gh ! crook$ /reets aft] ! begg>4 ,ano!r elem5t impli$ 9 ! /ory1 :i* 0 already p>tially a natural in/9ct1 be=e x became a sup]natural ideal1 0 some?+ t _h nev] p]haps be5 :olly lo/ 9 ^? little republics ( m$ieval ,italy4 ,x 0 some?+ v puzzl+ to "s p2 some?+ cle>] z a rule to ,s\!rn]s ?an to ,nor!rn]s1 & ,i ?9k to ,ca?olics ?an to ,prote/ants2 ! q natural assumption ( ! equality ( m54 ,x has no?+ necess>ily to d ) ! ,franciscan love = m52 on ! contr>y "o ( its m]ely practical te/s is ! equality ( ! duel4 ,p]haps a g5tleman w nev] be fully an egalit>ian until he c really qu>rel ) 8 s]vant4 ,b x 0 an antec$5t condition ( ! ,franciscan bro!rhood2 & we feel x 9 ?is e>ly & secul> incid5t4 ,francis1 ,i fancy1 felt a real d\bt ab\t :i* he mu/ att5d to1 ! begg> or ! m]*ant2 & hav+ att5d$ to ! m]*ant1 he turn$ to att5d to ! begg>2 he ?\ght ( !m z two m54 ,?is is a ?+ mu* m difficult to describe1 9 a society f :i* x is abs5t1 b x 0 ! orig9al basis ( ! :ole bus9ess2 x 0 :y ! popul> movem5t arose 9 t sort ( place & t sort ( man4 ,8 imag9ative magnanimity aft]w>ds rose l a t[] to />ry heights t might well seem dizzy & ev5 crazy2 b x 0 f\nd$ on ?is high table-l& ( human equality4 ,i h tak5 ?is ! fir/ among a hundr$ tales ( ! y\? ( ,/4 ,francis1 & dwelt on its significance a little1 because until we h le>n$ to look = ! significance !re w (t5 seem to be little b a sort ( light s5tim5t 9 tell+ ! /ory4 ,/4 ,francis is n a prop] p]son to be patronis$ ) m]ely pretty /ories4 ,!re are any numb] ( !m2 b !y are too (t5 us$ s z to be a sort ( s5tim5tal s$im5t ( ! m$ieval _w1 in/ead ( be+1 z ! sa9t emphatically is1 a *all5ge to ! mod]n _w4 ,we mu/ take 8 real human developm5t some:at m s]i\sly2 & ! next /ory 9 :i* we get a real glimpse ( x is 9 a v diff]5t sett+4 ,b 9 exactly ! same way x op5s1 z if by accid5t1 c]ta9 abysses ( ! m9d & p]haps ( ! unconsci\s m9d4 ,francis /ill looks m or less l an ord9>y "y man2 & x is only :5 we look at him z an ord9>y "y man1 t we realise :at an extraord9>y "y man he mu/ be4 ,w> _h brok5 out betwe5 ,assisi & ,p]ugia4 ,x is n[ fa%ionable to say 9 a satirical _s t su* w>s did n s mu* break out z g on indef9itely betwe5 ! city-/ates ( m$ieval ,italy4 ,x w be en\gh to say "h t if "o ( ^! m$ieval w>s _h really gone on )\t /opp+ = a c5tury1 x might possibly h come )9 a remote di/ance ( kill+ z _m p z we kill 9 a ye>1 9 "o ( our great mod]n sci5tific w>s betwe5 our great mod]n indu/rial empires4 ,b ! citiz5s ( ! m$ieval republic 7 c]ta9ly "u ! limitation ( only be+ ask$ to die = ! ?+s ) :i* !y _h always liv$1 ! h\ses !y inhabit$1 ! %r9es !y v5]at$ & ! rul]s & repres5tatives !y knew2 & _h n ! l>g] vision call+ !m to die = ! late/ rum\rs ab\t remote colonies z report$ 9 anonym\s newspap]s4 ,& if we inf] f our own exp]i5ce t w> p>alys$ civilisation1 we mu/ at lea/ admit t ^! w>r+ t[ns turn$ out a numb] ( p>alytics :o g by ! names ( ,dante & ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ,ario/o & ,titian1 ,leon>do & ,columbus1 n to m5tion ,ca!r9e ( ,si5a & ! subject ( ?is /ory4 ,:ile we lam5t all ?is local patriotism z a hubbub ( ! ,d>k ,ages1 x mu/ seem a r curi\s fact t ab\t ?ree qu>t]s ( ! greate/ m5 :o ev] liv$ came out ( ^! little t[ns & 7 (t5 engag$ 9 ^! little w>s4 ,x rema9s to be se5 :at w ultimately come out ( our l>ge t[ns2 b !re has be5 no sign ( any?+ ( ?is sort s9ce !y became l>ge2 & ,i h sometimes be5 haunt$ by a fancy ( my y\?1 t ^! ?+s w n come till !re is a city wall r\nd ,clapham & ! tocs9 is rung at night to arm ! citiz5s ( ,wimbl$on4 ,anyh[1 ! tocs9 0 rung 9 ,assisi & ! citiz5s arm$1 & among !m ,francis ! son ( ! clo? m]*ant4 ,he w5t out to fight ) "s company ( lanc]s & 9 "s fight or =ay or o!r he & 8 little b& 7 tak5 prison]s4 ,to me x seems mo/ probable t !re _h be5 "s tale ( treason or c[>dice ab\t ! disa/]2 = we are told t !re 0 "o ( ! captives ) :om 8 fell[-prison]s flatly refus$ to associate ev5 9 prison2 & :5 ?is happ5s 9 su* circum/ances1 x is g5]ally because ! milit>y blame = ! surr5d] is ?r[n on "s individual4 ,anyh[1 somebody not$ a small b curi\s ?+1 ?\gh x might seem r negative ?an positive4 ,francis1 we are told1 mov$ among 8 captive companions ) all 8 *>act]i/ic c\rtesy & ev5 conviviality1 lib]al & hil>i\s z somebody said ( him1 resolv$ to keep up _! spirits & 8 own4 ,& :5 he came across ! my/]i\s outca/1 traitor or c[>d or :atev] he 0 call$1 he simply treat$ him exactly l all ! re/1 nei!r ) coldness nor compassion1 b ) ! same unaffect$ gaiety & good fell[%ip4 ,b if !re _h be5 pres5t 9 t prison someone ) a sort ( second sight ab\t ! tru? & tr5d ( spiritual ?+s1 he might h kn[n he 0 9 ! pres5ce ( some?+ new & seem+ly almo/ an>*ic2 a deep tide driv+ out to un*>t$ seas ( *>ity4 ,= 9 ?is s5se !re 0 really some?+ want+ 9 ,francis ( ,assisi1 some?+ to :i* he 0 bl9d t he might see bett] & m beautiful ?+s4 ,all ^? limits 9 good fell[%ip & good =m1 all ^? l&m>ks ( social life t divide ! tol]able & ! intol]able1 all ^? social scruples & conv5tional conditions t are normal & ev5 noble 9 ord9>y m51 all ^? ?+s t hold _m dec5t societies toge!r1 c\ld nev] hold ?is man at all4 ,he lik$ z he lik$2 he seems to h lik$ ev]ybody1 b especially ^? :om ev]ybody dislik$ him = lik+4 ,some?+ v va/ & univ]sal 0 already pres5t 9 t n>r[ dungeon2 & su* a se] might h se5 9 its d>kness t r$ halo ( c>itas c>itatum :i* m>ks "o sa9t among sa9ts z well z among m54 ,he might h he>d ! fir/ :isp] ( t wild bless+ t aft]w>ds took ! =m ( a blasphemy2 ,he li/5s to ^? to :om ,god himself w n li/54 ,b ?\gh su* a se] might h se5 su* a tru?1 x is exce$+ly d\btful if ,francis himself saw x4 ,he _h act$ out ( an unconsci\s l>g5ess1 or 9 ! f9e m$ieval phrase l>gesse1 )9 himself1 some?+ t might almo/ h be5 lawless if x _h n be5 rea*+ out to a m div9e law2 b x is d\btful :e!r he yet knew t ! law 0 div9e4 ,x is evid5t t he _h n at ?is "t any notion ( ab&on+ ! milit>y1 /ill less ( adopt+ ! mona/ic life4 ,x is true t !re is n1 z pacifi/s & prigs imag9e1 ! lea/ inconsi/5cy betwe5 lov+ m5 & fight+ !m1 if we fight !m fairly & = a good cause4 ,b x seems to me t !re 0 m ?an ?is involv$2 t ! m9d ( ! "y man 0 really runn+ t[>ds a milit>y morality 9 any case4 ,ab\t ?is "t ! fir/ calamity cross$ 8 pa? 9 ! =m ( a malady :i* 0 to revisit him _m times & hamp] 8 headlong c>e]4 ,sickness made him m s]i\s2 b "o fancies x w\ld only h made him a m s]i\s soldi]1 or ev5 m s]i\s ab\t soldi]+4 ,& :ile he 0 recov]+1 some?+ r l>g] ?an ! little feuds & raids ( ! ,italian t[ns op5$ an av5ue ( adv5ture & ambition4 ,! cr[n ( ,sicily1 a consid]able c5tre ( controv]sy at ! "t1 0 app>5tly claim$ by a c]ta9 ,gau?i] de ,bri5ne1 & ! ,papal cause to aid :i* ,gau?i] 0 call$ 9 ar\s$ en?usiasm among a numb] ( "y ,assisians1 includ+ ,francis1 :o propos$ to m>* into ,apulia on ! c\nt's behalf2 p]haps 8 ,fr5* "n _h some?+ to d ) x4 ,= x mu/ nev] be =gott5 t ?\gh t _w 0 9 "o s5se a _w ( little ?+s1 x 0 a _w ( little ?+s conc]n$ ab\t great ?+s4 ,!re 0 m int]nationalism 9 ! l&s dott$ ) t9y republics ?an 9 ! huge homog5e\s imp5etrable national divisions ( to-day4 ,! legal au?ority ( ! ,assisian magi/rates might h>dly rea* fur!r ?an a b[-%ot f _! high embattl$ city walls4 ,b _! sympa?ies might be ) ! ride ( ! ,normans ?r\gh ,sicily or ! palace ( ! ,tr\bad\rs at ,t\l\se2 ) ! ,emp]or ?ron$ 9 ! ,g]man =e/s or ! great ,pope dy+ 9 ! exile ( ,sal]no4 ,above all1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t :5 ! int]e/s ( an age are ma9ly religi\s !y mu/ be univ]sal4 ,no?+ c be m univ]sal ?an ! univ]se4 ,& !re are sev]al ?+s ab\t ! religi\s position at t p>ticul> mom5t :i* mod]n p n unnaturally fail to realise4 ,= "o ?+1 mod]n p naturally ?9k ( p s remote z anci5t p1 & ev5 e>ly p4 ,we feel vaguely t ^! ?+s happ5$ 9 ! fir/ ages ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,*ur* 0 already a good deal m ?an a ?\s& ye>s old4 ,t is1 ! ,*ur* 0 !n r old] ?an ,france is n[1 a great deal old] ?an ,engl& is n[4 ,& %e look$ old !n2 almo/ z old z %e does n[2 possibly old] ?an %e does n[4 ,! ,*ur* look$ l great ,*>lemagne ) ! long :ite be>d1 :o _h already f\ght a hundr$ w>s ) ! hea!n1 & 9 ! leg5d 0 bidd5 by an angel to g =? & fight once m ?\gh he 0 two hundr$ ye>s old4 ,! ,*ur* _h topp$ h] ?\s& ye>s & turn$ ! corn] ( ! second ?\s&2 %e _h come ?r\gh ! ,d>k ,ages 9 :i* no?+ c\ld be done except desp]ate fight+ aga9/ ! b>b>ians & ! /ubborn repetition ( ! cre$4 ,! cre$ 0 /ill be+ repeat$ aft] ! victory or escape2 b x is n unnatural to suppose t !re 0 some?+ a little monoton\s ab\t ! repetition4 ,! ,*ur* look$ old !n z n[2 & !re 7 "s :o ?\ght h] dy+ !n z n[4 ,9 tru? or?odoxy 0 n dead b x may h be5 dull2 x is c]ta9 t "s p began to ?9k x dull4 ,! ,tr\bad\rs ( ! ,prov5al movem5t _h already begun to take t turn or twi/ t[>ds ,ori5tal fancies & ! p>adox ( pessimism1 :i* always come to ,europeans z some?+ fre% :5 _! own sanity seems to be some?+ /ale4 ,x is likely en\gh t aft] all ^? c5turies ( hopeless w> )\t & ru?less asceticism )91 ! (ficial or?odoxy seem$ to be some?+ /ale4 ,! fre%ness & fre$om ( ! fir/ ,*ri/ians seem$ !n z mu* z n[ a lo/ & almo/ prehi/oric age ( gold4 ,rome 0 /ill m rational ?an any?+ else2 ! ,*ur* 0 really wis] b x may well h seem$ we>i] ?an ! _w4 ,!re 0 some?+ m adv5tur\s & allur+1 p]haps1 ab\t ! mad metaphysics t _h be5 bl[n across out ( ,asia4 ,dreams 7 ga!r+ l d>k cl\ds ov] ! ,midi to break 9 a ?und] ( ana!ma & civil w>4 ,only ! light lay on ! great pla9 r\nd ,rome2 b ! light 0 blank & ! pla9 0 flat2 & !re 0 no /ir 9 ! /ill air & ! immemorial sil5ce ab\t ! sacr$ t[n4 ,high 9 ! d>k h\se ( ,assisi ,francesco ,b]n>done slept & dream$ ( arms4 ,!re came to him 9 ! d>kness a vision spl5did ) swords1 patt]n$ aft] ! cross 9 ! ,crusad+ fa%ion1 ( spe>s & %ields & helmets hung 9 a high arm\ry1 all be>+ ! sacr$ sign4 ,:5 he awoke he accept$ ! dream z a trumpet bidd+ him to ! battlefield1 & ru%$ out to take horse & arms4 ,he delight$ 9 all ! ex]cises ( *ivalry2 & 0 evid5tly an accompli%$ cavali] & fight+ man by ! te/s ( ! t\rnam5t & ! camp4 ,he w\ld d\btless at any "t h pref]r$ a ,*ri/ian sort ( *ivalry2 b x seems cle> t he 0 also 9 a mood :i* ?ir/$ = glory1 ?\gh 9 him t glory w\ld always h be5 id5tical ) hon\r4 ,he 0 n )\t "s vision ( t wrea? ( laurel :i* ,cs> has left = all ! ,lat9s4 ,z he rode out to w> ! great gate 9 ! deep wall ( ,assisi res\nd$ ) 8 la/ boa/1 ,i %all come back a great pr9ce4 ,a little way along 8 road 8 sickness rose aga9 & ?rew him4 ,x seems highly probable1 9 ! light ( 8 impetu\s temp]1 t he _h ridd5 away long be=e he 0 fit to move4 ,& 9 ! d>kness ( ?is second & f> m desolat+ int]ruption1 he seems to h _h ano!r dream 9 :i* a voice said to him1 ,y h mi/ak5 ! mean+ ( ! vision4 ,return to y\r own t[n4 ,& ,francis trail$ back 9 8 sickness to ,assisi1 a v dismal & disappo9t$ & p]haps ev5 d]id$ figure1 ) no?+ to d b to wait = :at %\ld happ5 next4 ,x 0 8 fir/ desc5t into a d>k rav9e t is call$ ! valley ( humiliation1 :i* seem$ to him v rocky & desolate1 b 9 :i* he 0 aft]w>ds to f9d _m fl[]s4 ,b he 0 n only disappo9t$ & humiliat$2 he 0 also v mu* puzzl$ & bewild]$4 ,he /ill firmly believ$ t 8 two dreams mu/ h meant some?+2 & he c\ld n imag9e :at !y c\ld possibly mean4 ,x 0 :ile he 0 drift+1 "o may ev5 say moon+1 ab\t ! /reets ( ,assisi & ! fields outside ! city wall1 t an incid5t occurr$ to him :i* has n always be5 imm$iately connect$ ) ! bus9ess ( ! dreams1 b :i* seems to me ! obvi\s culm9ation ( !m4 ,he 0 rid+ li/lessly 9 "s wayside place1 app>5tly 9 ! op5 c\ntry1 :5 he saw a figure com+ along ! road t[>ds him & halt$2 = he saw x 0 a lep]4 ,& he knew in/antly t 8 c\rage 0 *all5g$1 n z ! _w *all5ges1 b z "o w\ld *all5ge :o knew ! secrets ( ! he>t ( a man4 ,:at he saw advanc+ 0 n ! bann] & spe>s ( ,p]ugia1 f :i* x nev] occurr$ to him to %r9k2 n ! armies t f\ght = ! cr[n ( ,sicily1 ( :i* he _h always ?\ght z a c\rage\s man ?9ks ( m]e vulg> dang]4 ,francis ,b]n>done saw 8 fe> com+ up ! road t[>ds him2 ! fe> t comes f )9 & n )\t2 ?\gh x /ood :ite & horrible 9 ! sunlight4 ,= once 9 ! long ru% ( 8 life 8 s\l mu/ h /ood /ill4 ,!n he sprang f 8 horse1 kn[+ no?+ betwe5 /illness & swiftness1 & ru%$ on ! lep] & ?rew 8 arms r\nd him4 ,x 0 ! beg9n+ ( a long vocation ( m9i/ry among _m lep]s1 = :om he did _m s]vices2 to ?is man he gave :at money he c\ld & m\nt$ & rode on4 ,we d n "k h[ f> he rode1 or ) :at s5se ( ! ?+s ar\nd him2 b x is said t :5 he look$ back1 he c\ld see no figure on ! road4 ,*apt] ,,iv ,francis ! ,build] ,we h n[ rea*$ ! great break 9 ! life ( ,francis ( ,assisi2 ! po9t at :i* some?+ happ5$ to him t mu/ rema9 greatly d>k to mo/ ( u1 :o are ord9>y & selfi% m5 :om ,god has n brok5 to make anew4 ,9 deal+ ) ?is difficult passage1 especially = my own purpose ( mak+ ?+s mod]ately easy = ! m secul> sympa?is]1 ,i h hesitat$ z to ! prop] c\rse2 & h ev5tually decid$ to /ate fir/ ( all :at happ5$1 ) little m ?an a h9t ( :at ,i imag9e to h be5 ! mean+ ( :at happ5$4 ,! full] mean+ may be debat$ m easily aft]w>ds1 :5 x 0 unfold$ 9 ! full ,franciscan life4 ,anyh[ :at happ5$ 0 ?is4 ,! /ory v l>gely revolves r\nd ! ru9s ( ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,damian1 an old %r9e 9 ,assisi :i* 0 app>5tly neglect$ & fall+ to pieces4 ,"h ,francis 0 9 ! habit ( pray+ be=e ! crucifix dur+ ^! d>k & aimless days ( transition t foll[$ ! tragical collapse ( all 8 milit>y ambitions1 probably made bitt] by "s loss ( social pre/ige t]rible to 8 s5sitive _s4 ,z he did s he he>d a voice say+ to him1 ,francis1 see/ ?\ n t my h\se is 9 ru9s8 ,g & re/ore x = me4 ,francis sprang up & w5t4 ,to g & d some?+ 0 "o ( ! driv+ dem&s ( 8 nature2 probably he _h gone & done x be=e he _h at all ?or\ghly ?\ght out :at he _h done4 ,9 any case :at he _h done 0 some?+ v decisive & imm$iately v disa/r\s = 8 s+ul> social c>e]4 ,9 ! co>se conv5tional language ( ! uncompreh5d+ _w1 he /ole4 ,f 8 own en?usia/ic po9t ( view1 he ext5d$ to 8 v5]able fa!r ,pet] ,b]n>done ! exquisite excitem5t & ine/imable privilege ( assi/+1 m or less unconsci\sly1 9 ! rebuild+ ( ,/4 ,damian's ,*ur*4 ,9 po9t ( fact :at he did 0 fir/ to sell 8 own horse & !n to g (f & sell sev]al bales ( 8 fa!r's clo?1 mak+ ! sign ( ! cross ov] !m to indicate _! pi\s & *>itable de/9ation4 ,pet] ,b]n>done did n see ?+s 9 ?is light4 ,pet] ,b]n>done inde$ _h n v mu* light to see by1 s f> z und]/&+ ! g5ius & temp]am5t ( 8 extraord9>y son 0 conc]n$4 ,in/ead ( und]/&+ 9 :at sort ( a w9d & flame ( ab/ract appetites ! lad 0 liv+1 in/ead ( simply tell+ him 7z ! prie/ practically did lat]7 t he _h done an indef5sible ?+ ) ! be/ int5tions1 old ,b]n>done took up ! matt] 9 ! h>de/ /yle2 9 a legal & lit]al fa%ion4 ,he us$ absolute political p[]s l a hea!n fa!r1 & himself put 8 son "u lock & key z a vulg> ?ief4 ,x w\ld appe> t ! cry 0 caught up among _m ) :om ! unlucky ,francis _h once be5 popul>2 & altoge!r1 9 8 ef=ts to build up ! h\se ( ,god he _h only succe$$ 9 br++ 8 own h\se ab\t 8 e>s & ly+ buri$ "u ! ru9s4 ,! qu>rel dragg$ dre>ily ?r\gh sev]al /ages2 at "o "t ! wret*$ "y man seems to h disappe>$ und]gr\nd1 s to speak1 into "s cav]n or cell> :]e he rema9$ huddl$ hopelessly 9 ! d>kness4 ,anyh[1 x 0 8 blacke/ mom5t2 ! :ole _w _h turn$ ov]2 ! :ole _w 0 on top ( him4 ,:5 he came out1 x 0 only p]haps gradually t anybody grasp$ t some?+ _h happ5$4 ,he & 8 fa!r 7 summon$ 9 ! c\rt ( ! bi%op2 = ,francis _h refus$ ! au?ority ( all legal tribunals4 ,! bi%op address$ "s rem>ks to him1 full ( t excell5t common s5se :i* ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* keeps p]man5tly z ! backgr\nd = all ! fi]y attitudes ( h] sa9ts4 ,he told ,francis t he mu/ unque/ionably re/ore ! money to 8 fa!r2 t no bless+ c\ld foll[ a good "w done by unju/ me?ods2 & 9 %ort 7to put x crudely7 if ! "y fanatic w\ld give back 8 money to ! old fool1 ! incid5t w\ld !n t]m9ate4 ,!re 0 a new air ab\t ,francis4 ,he 0 no long] cru%$1 /ill less crawl+1 s f> z 8 fa!r 0 conc]n$2 yet 8 words d n1 ,i ?9k1 indicate ei!r j indignation or wanton insult or any?+ 9 ! nature ( a m]e cont9uation ( ! qu>rel4 ,!y are r remotely ak9 to my/]i\s utt]ances ( 8 great model1 ,:at h ,i to d ) !e8 or ev5 ! t]rible ,t\* me n4 ,he /ood up be=e !m all & said1 ,up to ?is "t ,i h call$ ,pietro ,b]n>done fa!r1 b n[ ,i am ! s]vant ( ,god4 ,n only ! money b ev]y?+ t c be call$ 8 ,i w re/ore to my fa!r1 ev5 ! v clo!s he has giv5 me4 ,& he r5t (f all 8 g>m5ts except "o2 & !y saw t t 0 a hair-%irt4 ,he pil$ ! g>m5ts 9 a heap on ! floor & toss$ ! money on top ( !m4 ,!n he turn$ to ! bi%op1 & receiv$ 8 bless+1 l "o :o turns 8 back on society2 &1 accord+ to ! acc\nt1 w5t out z he 0 into ! cold _w4 ,app>5tly x 0 lit]ally a cold _w at ! mom5t1 & sn[ 0 on ! gr\nd4 ,a curi\s detail1 v deep 9 its significance1 ,i fancy1 is giv5 9 ! same acc\nt ( ?is great crisis 9 8 life4 ,he w5t out half-nak$ 9 8 hair-%irt into ! w9t] woods1 walk+ ! froz5 gr\nd betwe5 ! fro/y trees2 a man )\t a fa!r4 ,he 0 p5niless1 he 0 p>5tless1 he 0 to all appe>ance )\t a trade or a plan or a hope 9 ! _w2 & z he w5t "u ! fro/y trees1 he bur/ sudd5ly into song4 ,x 0 app>5tly not$ z rem>kable t ! language 9 :i* he sang 0 ,fr5*1 or t ,prov5al :i* 0 call$ = conv5i5ce ,fr5*4 ,x 0 n 8 native language2 & x 0 9 8 native language t he ultimately won fame z a poet2 inde$ ,/4 ,francis is "o ( ! v fir/ ( ! national poets 9 ! purely national dialects ( ,europe4 ,b x 0 ! language ) :i* all 8 mo/ boyi% ard\rs & ambitions _h be5 id5tifi$2 x 0 = him pre-em95tly ! language ( romance4 ,t x broke f him 9 ?is extraord9>y extremity seems to me some?+ at fir/ sight v /range & 9 ! la/ analysis v significant4 ,:at t significance 01 or may well h be51 ,i w try to sugge/ 9 ! subsequ5t *apt]2 x is en\gh to indicate "h t ! :ole philosophy ( ,/4 ,francis revolv$ r\nd ! idea ( a new sup]natural light on natural ?+s1 :i* meant ! ultimate recov]y n ! ultimate refusal ( natural ?+s4 ,& = ! purpose ( ?is purely n>rative "p ( ! bus9ess1 x is en\gh to record t :ile he w&]$ 9 ! w9t] =e/ 9 8 hair-%irt1 l ! v wilde/ ( ! h]mits1 he sang 9 ! tongue ( ! ,tr\bad\rs4 ,mean:ile ! n>rative naturally rev]ts to ! problem ( ! ru9$ or at lea/ neglect$ *ur*1 :i* _h be5 ! />t+ po9t ( ! sa9t's innoc5t crime & beatific puni%m5t4 ,t problem /ill pr$om9at$ 9 8 m9d & 0 soon engag+ 8 insatiable activities2 b !y 7 activities ( a new sort2 & he made no m attempts to int]f]e ) ! comm]cial e?ics ( ! t[n ( ,assisi4 ,!re _h dawn$ on him "o ( ^? great p>adoxes t are also platitudes4 ,he realis$ t ! way to build a *ur* is n to become entangl$ 9 b>ga9s &1 to him1 r bewild]+ que/ions ( legal claim4 ,! way to build a *ur* is n to pay = x1 c]ta9ly n ) somebody else's money4 ,! way to build a *ur* is n ev5 to pay = x ) y\r own money4 ,! way to build a *ur* is to build x4 ,he w5t ab\t by himself collect+ /ones4 ,he begg$ all ! p he met to give him /ones4 ,9 fact he became a new sort ( begg>1 rev]s+ ! p>able2 a begg> :o asks n = bread b a /one4 ,probably1 z happ5$ to him aga9 & aga9 ?r\gh\t 8 extraord9>y exi/5ce1 ! v que]ness ( ! reque/ gave x a sort ( popul>ity2 & all sorts ( idle & luxuri\s p fell 9 ) ! b5evol5t project1 z !y w\ld h done ) a bet4 ,he work$ ) 8 own h&s at ! rebuild+ ( ! *ur*1 dragg+ ! mat]ial l a bea/ ( burd5 & le>n+ ! v la/ & l[e/ lessons ( toil4 ,a va/ numb] ( /ories are told ab\t ,francis at ?is z at e o!r p]iod ( 8 life2 b = ! purpose "h1 :i* is "o ( simplification1 x is be/ to dwell on ?is def9ite re-entrance ( ! sa9t into ! _w by ! l[ gate ( manual lab\r4 ,!re does inde$ run ?r\gh ! :ole ( 8 life a sort ( d\ble mean+1 l 8 %ad[ ?r[n ^u ! wall4 ,all 8 action _h some?+ ( ! "* ( an allegory2 & x is likely en\gh t "s lead5-witt$ sci5tific hi/orian may "s day try to prove t he himself 0 nev] any?+ b an allegory4 ,x is true en\gh 9 ?is s5se t he 0 lab\r+ at a d\ble task1 & rebuild+ some?+ else z well z ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,damian4 ,he 0 n only discov]+ ! g5]al lesson t 8 glory 0 n to be 9 ov]?r[+ m5 9 battle b 9 build+ up ! positive & creative monum5ts ( peace4 ,he 0 truly build+ up some?+ else1 or beg9n+ to build x up2 some?+ t has (t5 en\gh fall5 into ru9 b has nev] be5 pa/ rebuild+2 a *ur* t c\ld always be built anew ?\gh x _h rott$ away to its fir/ f\ndation-/one1 aga9/ :i* ! gates ( hell %all n prevail4 ,! next /age 9 8 progress is probably m>k$ by 8 transf]r+ ! same en]gies ( ar*itectural recon/ruction to ! little *ur* ( ,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels at ! ,portiuncula4 ,he _h already done some?+ ( ! same k9d at a *ur* d$icat$ to ,/4 ,pet]2 & t quality 9 8 life not$ above1 :i* made x seem l a symbolical drama1 l$ _m ( 8 mo/ dev\t biograph]s to note ! num]ical symbolism ( ! ?ree *ur*es4 ,!re 0 at any rate a m hi/orical & practical symbolism ab\t two ( !m4 ,= ! orig9al *ur* ( ,/4 ,damian aft]w>ds became ! seat ( 8 /rik+ exp]im5t ( a female ord]1 & ( ! pure & spiritual romance ( ,/4 ,cl>e4 ,& ! *ur* ( ! ,portiuncula w rema9 = ev] z "o ( ! great hi/oric build+s ( ! _w2 = x 0 !re t he ga!r$ ! little knot ( fri5ds & en?usia/s2 x 0 ! home ( _m homeless m54 ,at ?is "t1 h[ev]1 x is n cle> t he _h ! def9ite idea ( any su* mona/ic developm5ts4 ,h[ e>ly ! plan appe>$ 9 8 own m9d x is ( c\rse impossible to say2 b on ! face ( ev5ts x fir/ takes ! =m ( a few fri5ds :o atta*$ !mselves to him "o by "o because !y %>$ 8 own passion = simplicity4 ,! acc\nt giv5 ( ! =m ( _! d$ication is1 h[ev]1 v significant2 = x 0 t ( an invocation ( ! simplification ( life z sugge/$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! adoration ( ,*ri/ _h be5 a "p ( ! man's passionate nature = a long "t pa/4 ,b ! imitation ( ,*ri/1 z a sort ( plan or ord]$ s*eme ( life1 may 9 t s5se be said to beg9 "h4 ,! two m5 :o h ! cr$it1 app>5tly1 ( hav+ fir/ p]ceiv$ some?+ ( :at 0 happ5+ 9 ! _w ( ! s\l 7 a solid & weal?y citiz5 nam$ ,b]n>d ( ,qu9tavalle & a canon f a neighb\r+ *ur* nam$ ,pet]4 ,x is ! m to _! cr$it because ,francis1 if "o may put x s1 0 by ?is "t wall[+ 9 pov]ty & association ) lep]s & ragg$ m5dicants2 & ^! two 7 m5 ) mu* to give up2 ! "o ( com=ts 9 ! _w & ! o!r ( ambition 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,b]n>d ! ri* burgh] did q lit]ally & f9ally sell all he _h & give to ! poor4 ,pet] did ev5 m2 = he desc5d$ f a *air ( spiritual au?ority1 probably :5 he 0 already a man ( mature ye>s & !re=e ( fix$ m5tal habits1 to foll[ an extravagant "y ecc5tric :om mo/ p probably reg>d$ z a maniac4 ,:at x 0 ( :i* !y _h caught a glimpse1 ( :i* ,francis _h se5 ! glory1 may be sugge/$ lat] s f> z x c be sugge/$ at all4 ,at ?is /age we ne$ pr(ess to see no m ?an all ,assisi saw1 & t some?+ n altoge!r unwor?y ( comm5t4 ,! citiz5s ( ,assisi only saw ! camel g 9 triumph ?r\gh ! eye ( ! ne$le & ,god do+ impossible ?+s because to him all ?+s 7 possible2 only a prie/ :o r5t 8 robes l ! ,publican & n l ! ,ph>isee & a ri* man :o w5t away joyful1 = he _h no possessions4 ,^! ?ree /range figures are said to h built !mselves a sort ( hut or d5 adjo9+ ! lep] hospital4 ,!re !y talk$ to ea* o!r1 9 ! int]vals ( drudg]y & dang] 7= x ne$$ t5 times m c\rage to look aft] a lep] ?an to fight = ! cr[n ( ,sicily71 9 ! t]ms ( _! new life1 almo/ l *ildr5 talk+ a secret language4 ,( ^! individual elem5ts on _! fir/ fri5d%ip we c say little ) c]ta9ty2 b x is c]ta9 t !y rema9$ fri5ds to ! end4 ,b]n>d ( ,qu9tavalle occupies 9 ! /ory some?+ ( ! position ( ,sir ,b$iv]e1 fir/ made & late/ left ( ,ar?ur's knights1 = he reappe>s aga9 at ! "r h& ( ! sa9t on 8 dea?-b$ & receives "s sort ( special bless+4 ,b all ^? ?+s belong to ano!r hi/orical _w & 7 q remote f ! ragg$ & fanta/ic trio 9 _! tumble-d[n hut4 ,!y 7 n monks except p]haps 9 ! mo/ lit]al & ar*aic s5se :i* 0 id5tical ) h]mits4 ,!y 71 s to speak1 ?ree solit>ies liv+ toge!r socially1 b n z a society4 ,! :ole ?+ seems to h be5 int5sely individual1 z se5 f ! outside d\btless individual to ! po9t ( insanity4 ,! /ir ( some?+ t _h 9 x ! promise ( a movem5t or a mission c fir/ be felt z ,i h said 9 ! affair ( ! appeal to ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,x 0 a sort ( sors virgiliana appli$ to ! ,bible2 a practice n unkn[n among ,prote/ants ?\gh op5 to _! criticism1 "o w\ld ?9k1 z be+ r a sup]/ition ( pagans4 ,anyh[ x seems almo/ ! opposite ( se>*+ ! ,scriptures to op5 !m at r&om2 b ,/4 ,francis c]ta9ly op5$ !m at r&om4 ,accord+ to "o /ory1 he m]ely made ! sign ( ! cross ov] ! volume ( ! ,gospel & op5$ x at ?ree places read+ ?ree texts4 ,! fir/ 0 ! tale ( ! ri* "y man ^: refusal to sell all 8 goods 0 ! occasion ( ! great p>adox ab\t ! camel & ! ne$le4 ,! second 0 ! comm&m5t to ! disciples to take no?+ ) !m on _! j\rney1 nei!r scrip nor /aff nor any money4 ,! ?ird 0 t say+1 lit]ally to be call$ crucial1 t ! foll[] ( ,*ri/ mu/ also c>ry 8 cross4 ,!re is a some:at simil> /ory ( ,francis f9d+ "o ( ^! texts1 almo/ z accid5tally1 m]ely 9 li/5+ to :at happ5$ to be ! ,gospel ( ! day4 ,b f ! =m] v]sion at lea/ x w\ld seem t ! incid5t occurr$ v e>ly inde$ 9 8 new life1 p]haps soon aft] 8 brea* ) 8 fa!r2 = x 0 aft] ?is oracle1 app>5tly1 t ,b]n>d ! fir/ disciple ru%$ =? & scatt]$ all 8 goods among ! poor4 ,if ?is be s1 x w\ld seem t no?+ foll[$ x = ! mom5t except ! individual ascetical life ) ! hut = a h]mitage4 ,x mu/ ( c\rse h be5 a r public sort ( h]mitage1 b x 0 none ! less 9 a v real s5se )drawn f ! _w4 ,/4 ,simeon ,/ylites on ! top ( 8 pill> 0 9 "o s5se an exce$+ly public "*2 b !re 0 some?+ a little s+ul> 9 8 situation = all t4 ,x may be presum$ t mo/ p ?\ght ! situation ( ,francis s+ul>1 t "s ev5 ?\ght x too s+ul>4 ,!re 0 inevitably inde$ 9 any ,ca?olic society some?+ ultimate & ev5 subconsci\s t 0 at lea/ capable ( compreh5d+ x bett] ?an a pagan or puritan society c\ld compreh5d x4 ,b we mu/ n at ?is /age1 ,i ?9k1 exagg]ate ?is pot5tial public sympa?y4 ,z has already be5 sugge/$1 ! ,*ur* & all its in/itutions _h already ! air ( be+ old & settl$ & s5sible ?+s1 ! mona/ic in/itutions among ! re/4 ,common s5se 0 common] 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 ,i ?9k1 ?an 9 our own r jumpy j\rnali/ic age2 b m5 l ,francis are n common 9 any age1 nor are !y to be fully und]/ood m]ely by ! ex]cise ( common s5se4 ,! ?irte5? c5tury 0 c]ta9ly a progressive p]iod2 p]haps ! only really progressive p]iod 9 human hi/ory4 ,b x c truly be call$ progressive precisely because its progress 0 v ord]ly4 ,x is really & truly an example ( an epo* ( re=ms )\t revolutions4 ,b ! re=ms 7 n only progressive b v practical2 & !y 7 v mu* to ! advantage ( highly practical in/itutions2 ! t[ns & ! trad+ guilds & ! manual crafts4 ,n[ ! solid m5 ( t[n & guild 9 ! "t ( ,francis ( ,assisi 7 probably v solid inde$4 ,!y 7 mu* m economically equal1 !y 7 mu* m ju/ly gov]n$ 9 _! own economic environm5t1 ?an ! mod]ns :o /ruggle madly betwe5 />vation & ! monopoli/ prizes ( capitalism2 b x is likely en\gh t ! majority ( su* citiz5s 7 z h>d-head$ z peasants4 ,c]ta9ly ! behavi\r ( ! v5]able ,pet] ,b]n>done does n indicate a delicate sympa?y ) ! f9e & almo/ fanciful subtleties ( ! ,franciscan _s4 ,& we _c measure ! beauty & orig9ality ( ?is /range spiritual adv5ture1 unless we h ! hum\r & human sympa?y to put into pla9 words h[ x w\ld h look$ to su* an unsympa!tic p]son at ! "t :5 x happ5$4 ,9 ! next *apt] ,i %all make an attempt1 inevitably inadequate1 to indicate ! inside ( ?is /ory ( ! build+ ( ! ?ree *ur*es & ! little hut4 ,9 ?is *apt] ,i h b outl9$ x f ! outside4 ,& 9 conclud+ t *apt] ,i ask ! read] to rememb] & realise :at t /ory really look$ l1 :5 ?us se5 f ! outside4 ,giv5 a critic ( r co>se common s5se1 ) no feel+ ab\t ! incid5t except annoyance1 & h[ w\ld ! /ory seem to /&8 ,a "y fool or rascal is caught robb+ 8 fa!r & sell+ goods :i* he ought to gu>d2 & ! only explanation he w (f] is t a l\d voice f n[h]e spoke 9 8 e> & told him to m5d ! cracks & holes 9 a p>ticul> wall4 ,he !n decl>es himself naturally indep5d5t ( all p[]s correspond+ to ! police or ! magi/rates1 & takes refuge ) an amiable bi%op :o is =c$ to remon/rate ) him & tell him he is wrong4 ,he !n proce$s to take (f 8 clo!s 9 public & practically ?r[ !m at 8 fa!r2 ann\nc+ at ! same "t t 8 fa!r is n 8 fa!r at all4 ,he !n runs ab\t ! t[n ask+ ev]ybody he meets to give him fragm5ts ( build+s or build+ mat]ials1 app>5tly ) ref]5ce to 8 old monomania ab\t m5d+ ! wall4 ,x may be an excell5t ?+ t cracks %\ld be fill$ up1 b pref]ably n by somebody :o is himself crack$2 & ar*itectural re/oration l o!r ?+s is n be/ p]=m$ by build]s :o1 z we %\ld say1 h a tile loose4 ,f9ally ! wret*$ y\? relapses into rags & squalor & practically crawls away into ! gutt]4 ,t is ! spectacle t ,francis mu/ h pres5t$ to a v l>ge numb] ( 8 neighb\rs & fri5ds4 ,h[ he liv$ at all mu/ h seem$ to !m dubi\s2 b presumably he already begg$ = bread z he _h begg$ = build+ mat]ials4 ,b he 0 always v c>eful to beg = ! blacke/ or wor/ bread he c\ld get1 = ! /ale/ cru/s or some?+ r less luxuri\s ?an ! crumbs :i* ! dogs eat1 & :i* fall f ! ri* man's table4 ,?us he probably f>$ worse ?an an ord9>y begg>2 = ! begg> w\ld eat ! be/ he c\ld get & ! sa9t ate ! wor/ he c\ld get4 ,9 pla9 fact he 0 ready to live on refuse2 & x 0 probably some?+ mu* ugli] z an exp]i5ce ?an ! ref9$ simplicity :i* veget>ians & wat]-dr9k]s w\ld call ! simple life4 ,z he dealt ) ! "q ( food1 s he app>5tly dealt ) ! "q ( clo?+4 ,he dealt ) x1 t is1 ^u ! same pr9ciple ( tak+ :at he c\ld get1 & n ev5 ! be/ ( :at he c\ld get4 ,accord+ to "o /ory he *ang$ clo!s ) a begg>2 & he w\ld d\btless h be5 cont5t to *ange !m ) a sc>ecr[4 ,9 ano!r v]sion he got hold ( ! r\gh br[n tunic ( a peasant1 b presumably only because ! peasant gave him 8 v olde/ br[n tunic1 :i* 0 probably v old inde$4 ,mo/ peasants h few *anges ( clo?+ to give away2 & "s peasants are n specially incl9$ to give !m away until x is absolutely necess>y4 ,x is said t 9 place ( ! girdle :i* he _h flung (f 7p]haps ) ! m symbolic scorn because x probably c>ri$ ! purse or wallet by ! fa%ion ( ! p]iod7 he pick$ up a rope m or less at r&om1 because x 0 ly+ ne>1 & ti$ x r\nd 8 wai/4 ,he und\bt$ly meant x z a %abby exp$i5t2 r z ! v de/itute tramp w sometimes tie 8 clo!s toge!r ) a piece ( /r+4 ,he meant to /rike ! note ( collect+ 8 clo!s anyh[1 l rags f a succession ( du/-b9s4 ,t5 ye>s lat] t make-%ift co/ume 0 ! uni=m ( five ?\s& m52 & a hundr$ ye>s lat]1 9 t1 = a pontifical panoply1 !y laid great ,dante 9 ! grave4 ,*apt] ,v ,le ,jongleur de ,dieu ,_m signs & symbols might be us$ to give a h9t ( :at really happ5$ 9 ! m9d ( ! "y poet ( ,assisi4 ,inde$ !y are at once too num]\s = selection & yet too slight = satisfaction4 ,b "o ( !m may be adumbrat$ 9 ?is small & app>5tly accid5tal fact3 t :5 he & 8 secul> companions c>ri$ _! pageant ( poetry ?r\gh ! t[n1 !y call$ !mselves ,tr\bad\rs4 ,b :5 he & 8 spiritual companions came out to d _! spiritual "w 9 ! _w1 !y 7 call$ by _! lead] ! ,jongleurs de ,dieu4 ,no?+ has be5 said "h at any l5g? ( ! great culture ( ! ,tr\bad\rs z x appe>$ 9 ,prov5ce or ,langu$oc1 great z 0 _! influ5ce 9 hi/ory & _! influ5ce on ,/4 ,francis4 ,some?+ m may be said ( !m :5 we come to summ>ise 8 relation to hi/ory2 x is en\gh to note "h 9 a few s5t5ces ! facts ab\t !m t 7 relevant to him1 & especially ! p>ticul> po9t n[ 9 "q1 :i* 0 ! mo/ relevant ( all4 ,ev]ybody kn[s :o ! ,tr\bad\rs 72 ev]ybody kn[s t v e>ly 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 9 ! twelf? & e>ly ?irte5? c5turies1 !re arose a civilisation 9 ,s\!rn ,france :i* ?reat5$ to rival or eclipse ! ris+ tradition ( ,p>is4 ,its *ief product 0 a s*ool ( poetry1 or r m especially a s*ool ( poets4 ,!y 7 prim>ily love-poets1 ?\gh !y 7 (t5 also satiri/s & critics ( ?+s 9 g5]al4 ,_! picturesque po/ure 9 hi/ory is l>gely due to ! fact t !y sang _! own poems & (t5 play$ _! own accompanim5ts1 on ! light musical in/rum5ts ( ! p]iod2 !y 7 m9/rels z well z m5 ( lett]s4 ,alli$ to _! love-poetry 7 o!r in/itutions ( a decorative & fanciful k9d conc]n$ ) ! same !me4 ,!re 0 :at 0 call$ ! ,gay ,sci5ce1 ! attempt to r$uce to a sort ( sy/em ! f9e %ades ( flirtation & phil&]+4 ,!re 7 ! ?+s call$ ,c\rts ( ,love1 9 :i* ! same delicate subjects 7 dealt ) ) legal pomp & p$antry4 ,!re is "o po9t 9 ?is "p ( ! bus9ess t mu/ be rememb]$ 9 relation to ,/4 ,francis4 ,!re 7 manife/ moral dang]s 9 all ?is sup]b s5tim5talism2 b x is a mi/ake to suppose t its only dang] ( exagg]ation 0 9 ! direction ( s5sualism4 ,!re 0 a /ra9 9 ! s\!rn romance t 0 actually an excess ( spirituality2 j z ! pessimi/ h]esy x produc$ 0 9 "o s5se an excess ( spirituality4 ,! love 0 n always animal2 sometimes x 0 s airy z to be almo/ allegorical4 ,! read] realises t ! lady is ! mo/ beautiful be+ t c possibly exi/1 only he has occasional d\bts z to :e!r %e does exi/4 ,dante ow$ some?+ to ! ,tr\bad\rs2 & ! critical debates ab\t 8 ideal woman are an excell5t example ( ^! d\bts4 ,we "k t ,beatrice 0 n 8 wife1 b we %\ld 9 any case be equally sure t %e 0 n 8 mi/ress2 & "s critics h ev5 sugge/$ t %e 0 no?+ at all1 s to speak1 except 8 muse4 ,?is idea ( ,beatrice z an allegorical figure is1 ,i believe1 uns\nd2 x w\ld seem uns\nd to any man :o has read ! ,vita ,nuova & has be5 9 love4 ,b ! v fact t x is possible to sugge/ x illu/rates some?+ ab/ract & s*ola/ic 9 ^! m$ieval passions4 ,b ?\gh !y 7 ab/ract passions !y 7 v passionate passions4 ,^! m5 c\ld feel almo/ l lov]s1 ev5 ab\t allegories & ab/ractions4 ,x is necess>y to rememb] ?is 9 ord] to realise t ,/4 ,francis 0 talk+ ! true language ( a tr\bad\r :5 he said t he also _h a mo/ glori\s & graci\s lady & t h] "n 0 ,pov]ty4 ,b ! p>ticul> po9t to be not$ "h is n conc]n$ s mu* ) ! ^w ,tr\bad\r z ) ! ^w ,jongleur4 ,x is especially conc]n$ ) ! transition f "o to ! o!r2 & = ?is x is necess>y to grasp ano!r detail ab\t ! poets ( ! ,gay ,sci5ce4 ,a jongleur 0 n ! same ?+ z a tr\bad\r1 ev5 if ! same man 7 bo? a tr\bad\r & a jongleur4 ,m (t51 ,i believe1 !y 7 sep>ate m5 z well z sep>ate trades4 ,9 _m cases app>5tly ! two m5 w\ld walk ! _w toge!r l companions 9 arms1 or r companions 9 arts4 ,! jongleur 0 prop]ly a joculator or je/]2 sometimes he 0 :at we %\ld call a juggl]4 ,?is is ! po9t1 ,i imag9e1 ( ! tale ab\t ,taillef] ! ,jongleur at ! battle ( ,ha/+s1 :o sang ( ! dea? ( ,rol& :ile he toss$ up 8 sword & caught x1 z a juggl] cat*es balls4 ,sometimes he may h be5 ev5 a tumbl]2 l t acrobat 9 ! beautiful leg5d :o 0 call$ ,! ,tumbl] ( ,our ,lady1 because he turn$ head ov] heels & /ood on 8 head be=e ! image ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 = :i* he 0 nobly ?ank$ & com=t$ by h] & ! :ole company ( heav54 ,9 ! ord9>y way1 we may imag9e1 ! tr\bad\r w\ld exalt ! company ) e>ne/ & solemn /ra9s ( love & !n ! jongleur w\ld d 8 turn z a sort ( comic relief4 ,a glori\s m$ieval romance rema9s to be writt5 ab\t two su* companions w&]+ ?r\gh ! _w4 ,at any rate1 if !re is "o place 9 :i* ! true ,franciscan _s c be f\nd outside ! true ,franciscan /ory1 x is 9 t tale ( ! ,tumbl] ( ,our ,lady4 ,& :5 ,/4 ,francis call$ 8 foll[]s ! ,jongleurs de ,dieu1 he meant some?+ v l ! ,tumbl]s ( ,our ,"l4 ,some:]e 9 t transition f ! ambition ( ! ,tr\bad\r to ! antics ( ! ,tumbl] is hidd51 z "u a p>able1 ! tru? ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,( ! two m9/rels or ent]ta9]s1 ! je/] 0 presumably ! s]vant or at lea/ ! second>y figure4 ,/4 ,francis really meant :at he said :5 he said he _h f\nd ! secret ( life 9 be+ ! s]vant & ! second>y figure4 ,!re 0 to be f\nd ultimately 9 su* s]vice a fre$om almo/ am\nt+ to frivolity4 ,x 0 comp>able to ! condition ( ! jongleur because x almo/ am\nt$ to frivolity4 ,! je/] c\ld be free :5 ! knight 0 rigid2 & x 0 possible to be a je/] 9 ! s]vice :i* is p]fect fre$om4 ,?is p>allel ( ! two poets or m9/rels is p]haps ! be/ prelim9>y & ext]nal /atem5t ( ! ,franciscan *ange ( he>t1 be+ conceiv$ "u an image ) :i* ! imag9ation ( ! mod]n _w has a c]ta9 sympa?y4 ,!re 01 ( c\rse1 a great deal m ?an ?is involv$2 & we mu/ endeav\r h[ev] insuffici5tly to p5etrate pa/ ! image to ! idea4 ,x is s f> l ! tumbl]s t x is really to _m p a topsy-turvy idea4 ,francis1 at ! "t or some:]e ab\t ! "t :5 he disappe>$ into ! prison or ! d>k cav]n1 und]w5t a rev]sal ( a c]ta9 psy*ological k9d2 :i* 0 really l ! rev]sal ( a complete som]sault1 9 t by com+ full circle x came back1 or app>5tly came back1 to ! same normal po/ure4 ,x is necess>y to use ! grotesque simile ( an acrobatic antic1 because !re is h>dly any o!r figure t w make ! fact cle>4 ,b 9 ! inw>d s5se x 0 a pr(\nd spiritual revolution4 ,! man :o w5t into ! cave 0 n ! man :o came out aga92 9 t s5se he 0 almo/ z diff]5t z if he 7 dead1 z if he 7 a gho/ or a bless$ _s4 ,& ! effects ( ?is on 8 attitude t[>ds ! actual _w 7 really z extravagant z any p>allel c make !m4 ,he look$ at ! _w z diff]5tly f o!r m5 z if he _h come out ( t d>k hole walk+ on 8 h&s4 ,if we apply ?is p>able ( ,our ,lady's ,tumbl] to ! case1 we %all come v ne> to ! po9t ( x4 ,n[ x really is a fact t any sc5e su* z a l&scape c sometimes be m cle>ly & fre%ly se5 if x is se5 upside d[n4 ,!re h be5 l&scape-pa9t]s :o adopt$ ! mo/ />tl+ & pantomimic po/ures 9 ord] to look at x = a mom5t 9 t fa%ion4 ,?us t inv]t$ vision1 s mu* m bright & qua9t & arre/+1 does be> a c]ta9 resemblance to ! _w :i* a my/ic l ,/4 ,francis sees e day4 ,b h]e9 is ! ess5tial "p ( ! p>able4 ,our ,lady's ,tumbl] did n /& on 8 head 9 ord] to see fl[]s & trees z a cle>] or qua9t] vision4 ,he did n d s2 & x w\ld nev] h occurr$ to him to d s4 ,our ,lady's ,tumbl] /ood on 8 head to please ,our ,lady4 ,if ,/4 ,francis _h done ! same ?+1 z he 0 q capable ( do+1 x w\ld orig9ally h be5 f ! same motive2 a motive ( a purely sup]natural ?\ght4 ,x w\ld be aft] ?is t 8 en?usiasm w\ld ext5d itself & give a sort ( halo to ! edges ( all e>?ly ?+s4 ,?is is :y x is n true to repres5t ,/4 ,francis z a m]e romantic =]unn] ( ! ,r5aissance & a revival ( natural pleasures = _! own sake4 ,! :ole po9t ( him 0 t ! secret ( recov]+ ! natural pleasures lay 9 reg>d+ !m 9 ! light ( a sup]natural pleasure4 ,9 o!r words1 he repeat$ 9 8 own p]son t hi/oric process not$ 9 ! introductory *apt]2 ! vigil ( asceticism :i* ends 9 ! vision ( a natural _w made new4 ,b 9 ! p]sonal case !re 0 ev5 m ?an ?is2 !re 7 elem5ts t make ! p>allel ( ! ,jongleur or ,tumbl] ev5 m appropriate ?an ?is4 ,x may be suspect$ t 9 t black cell or cave ,francis pass$ ! blacke/ h\rs ( 8 life4 ,by nature he 0 ! sort ( man :o has t vanity :i* is ! opposite ( pride2 t vanity :i* is v ne> to humility4 ,he nev] despis$ 8 fell[ creatures & !re=e he nev] despis$ ! op9ion ( 8 fell[ creatures2 includ+ ! admiration ( 8 fell[ creatures4 ,all t "p ( 8 human nature _h suff]$ ! heavie/ & mo/ cru%+ bl[s4 ,x is possible t aft] 8 humiliat+ return f 8 fru/rat$ milit>y campaign he 0 call$ a c[>d4 ,x is c]ta9 t aft] 8 qu>rel ) 8 fa!r ab\t ! bales ( clo? he 0 call$ a ?ief4 ,& ev5 ^? :o _h sympa?is$ mo/ ) him1 ! prie/ ^: *ur* he _h re/or$1 ! bi%op ^: bless+ he _h receiv$1 _h evid5tly treat$ him ) an almo/ humor\s amiability :i* left only too cle> ! ultimate conclusion ( ! matt]4 ,he _h made a fool ( himself4 ,any man :o has be5 "y1 :o has ridd5 horses or ?\ght himself ready = a fight1 :o has fanci$ himself z a tr\bad\r & accept$ ! conv5tions ( comrade%ip1 w appreciate ! pond]\s & cru%+ weight ( t simple phrase4 ,! conv]sion ( ,/4 ,francis1 l ! conv]sion ( ,/4 ,paul1 involv$ 8 be+ 9 "s s5se flung sudd5ly f a horse2 b 9 a s5se x 0 an ev5 worse fall2 = x 0 a w>-horse4 ,anyh[1 !re 0 n a rag ( him left t 0 n ridicul\s4 ,ev]ybody knew t at ! be/ he _h made a fool ( himself4 ,x 0 a solid objective fact1 l ! /ones 9 ! road1 t he _h made a fool ( himself4 ,he saw himself z an object1 v small & di/9ct l a fly walk+ on a cle> w9d[ pane2 & x 0 unmi/akably a fool4 ,& z he />$ at ! ^w fool writt5 9 lum9\s lett]s be=e him1 ! ^w itself began to %9e & *ange4 ,we us$ to be told 9 ! nurs]y t if a man 7 to bore a hole ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! e>? & climb cont9ually d[n & d[n1 !re w\ld come a mom5t at ! c5tre :5 he w\ld seem to be climb+ up & up4 ,i d n "k :e!r ?is is true4 ,! reason ,i d n "k :e!r x is true is t ,i nev] happ5$ to bore a hole ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! e>?1 /ill less to crawl ?r\gh x4 ,if ,i d n "k :at ?is rev]sal or inv]sion feels l1 x is because ,i h nev] be5 !re4 ,& ?is also is an allegory4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! writ]1 x is ev5 possible t ! read]1 is an ord9>y p]son :o has nev] be5 !re4 ,we _c foll[ ,/4 ,francis to t f9al spiritual ov]turn 9 :i* complete humiliation becomes complete hol9ess or happ9ess1 because we h nev] be5 !re4 ,i = "o d n pr(ess to foll[ x any fur!r ?an t fir/ break+ d[n ( ! romantic b>ricades ( boyi% vanity1 :i* ,i h sugge/$ 9 ! la/ p>agraph4 ,& ev5 t p>agraph1 ( c\rse1 is m]ely conjectural1 an individual guess at :at he may h felt2 b he may h felt some?+ q diff]5t4 ,b :atev] else x 01 x 0 s f> analog\s to ! /ory ( ! man mak+ a tunnel ?r\gh ! e>? t x did mean a man go+ d[n & d[n until at "s my/]i\s mom5t he beg9s to g up & up4 ,we h nev] gone up l t because we h nev] gone d[n l t2 we are obvi\sly incapable ( say+ t x does n happ52 & ! m c&idly & calmly we read human hi/ory1 & especially ! hi/ory ( ! wise/ m51 ! m we %all come to ! conclusion t x does happ54 ,( ! intr9sic int]nal ess5ce ( ! exp]i5ce ,i make no pret5ce ( writ+ at all4 ,b ! ext]nal effect ( x1 = ! purpose ( ?is n>rative1 may be express$ by say+ t :5 ,francis came =? f 8 cave ( vision1 he 0 we>+ ! same ^w fool z a fea!r 9 8 cap2 z a cre/ or ev5 a cr[n4 ,he w\ld g on be+ a fool2 he w\ld become m & m ( a fool2 he w\ld be ! c\rt fool ( ! ,k+ ( ,p>adise4 ,?is /ate c only be repres5t$ 9 symbol2 b ! symbol ( inv]sion is true 9 ano!r way4 ,if a man saw ! _w upside d[n1 ) all ! trees & t[]s hang+ head d[nw>ds z 9 a pool1 "o effect w\ld be to emphasise ! idea ( dep5d5ce4 ,!re is a ,lat9 & lit]al connection2 = ! v ^w dep5d5ce only means hang+4 ,x w\ld make vivid ! ,scriptural text :i* says t ,god has hang$ ! _w ^u no?+4 ,if ,/4 ,francis _h se51 9 "o ( 8 /range dreams1 ! t[n ( ,assisi upside d[n1 x ne$ n h diff]$ 9 a s+le detail f itself except 9 be+ entirely ! o!r way r\nd4 ,b ! po9t is ?is3 t :]eas to ! normal eye ! l>ge masonry ( its walls or ! massive f\ndations ( its wat*t[]s & its high citadel w\ld make x seem saf] & m p]man5t1 ! mom5t x 0 turn$ ov] ! v same weight w\ld make x seem m helpless & m 9 p]il4 ,x is b a symbol2 b x happ5s to fit ! psy*ological fact4 ,/4 ,francis might love 8 little t[n z mu* z be=e1 or m ?an be=e2 b ! nature ( ! love w\ld be alt]$ ev5 9 be+ increas$4 ,he might see & love e tile on ! /eep ro(s or e bird on ! battlem5ts2 b he w\ld see !m all 9 a new & div9e light ( et]nal dang] & dep5d5ce4 ,in/ead ( be+ m]ely pr\d ( 8 /rong city because x c\ld n be mov$1 he w\ld be ?ankful to ,god ,almighty t x _h n be5 dropp$2 he w\ld be ?ankful to ,god = n dropp+ ! :ole cosmos l a va/ cry/al to be %att]$ into fall+ />s4 ,p]haps ,/4 ,pet] saw ! _w s1 :5 he 0 crucifi$ head-d[nw>ds4 ,x is commonly 9 a some:at cynical s5se t m5 h said1 ,bless$ is he t expecte? no?+1 = he %all n be disappo9t$4 ,x 0 9 a :olly happy & en?usia/ic s5se t ,/4 ,francis said1 ,bless$ is he :o expecte? no?+1 = he %all enjoy ev]y?+4 ,x 0 by ?is delib]ate idea ( />t+ f z]o1 f ! d>k no?+ness ( 8 own des]ts1 t he did come to enjoy ev5 e>?ly ?+s z few p h enjoy$ !m2 & !y are 9 !mselves ! be/ work+ example ( ! idea4 ,= !re is no way 9 :i* a man c e>n a /> or des]ve a sunset4 ,b !re is m ?an ?is involv$1 & m inde$ ?an is easily to be express$ 9 words4 ,x is n only true t ! less a man ?9ks ( himself1 ! m he ?9ks ( 8 good luck & ( all ! gifts ( ,god4 ,x is also true t he sees m ( ! ?+s !mselves :5 he sees m ( _! orig92 = _! orig9 is a "p ( !m & inde$ ! mo/ important "p ( !m4 ,?us !y become m extraord9>y by be+ expla9$4 ,he has m wond] at !m b less fe> ( !m2 = a ?+ is really wond]ful :5 x is significant & n :5 x is insignificant2 & a mon/]1 %apeless or dumb or m]ely de/ructive1 may be l>g] ?an ! m\nta9s1 b is /ill 9 a lit]al s5se insignificant4 ,= a my/ic l ,/4 ,francis ! mon/]s _h a mean+2 t is1 !y _h deliv]$ _! message4 ,!y spoke no long] 9 an unkn[n tongue4 ,t is ! mean+ ( all ^? /ories1 :e!r leg5d>y or hi/orical1 9 :i* he appe>s z a magician speak+ ! language ( bea/s & birds4 ,! my/ic w h no?+ to d ) m]e my/]y2 m]e my/]y is g5]ally a my/]y ( iniquity4 ,! transition f ! good man to ! sa9t is a sort ( revolution2 by :i* "o = :om all ?+s illu/rate & illum9ate ,god becomes "o = :om ,god illu/rates & illum9ates all ?+s4 ,x is r l ! rev]sal :]eby a lov] might say at fir/ sight t a lady look$ l a fl[]1 & say aft]w>ds t all fl[]s rem9d$ him ( 8 lady4 ,a sa9t & a poet /&+ by ! same fl[] might seem to say ! same ?+2 b inde$ ?\gh !y w\ld bo? be tell+ ! tru?1 !y w\ld be tell+ diff]5t tru?s4 ,= "o ! joy ( life is a cause ( fai?1 = ! o!r r a result ( fai?4 ,b "o effect ( ! diff]5ce is t ! s5se ( a div9e dep5d5ce1 :i* = ! arti/ is l ! brilliant lev9-blaze1 = ! sa9t is l ! broad daylight4 ,be+ 9 "s my/ical s5se on ! o!r side ( ?+s1 he sees ?+s g =? f ! div9e z *ildr5 go+ =? f a famili> & accept$ home1 in/ead ( meet+ !m z !y come out1 z mo/ ( u d1 ^u ! roads ( ! _w4 ,& x is ! p>adox t by ?is privilege he is m famili>1 m free & frat]nal1 m c>elessly hospitable ?an we4 ,= u ! elem5ts are l h]alds :o tell u ) trumpet & tab>d t we are draw+ ne> ! city ( a great k+2 b he hails !m ) an old famili>ity t is almo/ an old frivolity4 ,he calls !m 8 ,bro!r ,fire & 8 ,si/] ,wat]4 ,s arises out ( ?is almo/ nihili/ic abyss ! noble ?+ t is call$ ,praise2 :i* no "o w ev] und]/& :ile he id5tifies x ) nature-wor%ip or pan!i/ic optimism4 ,:5 we say t a poet praises ! :ole creation1 we commonly mean only t he praises ! :ole cosmos4 ,b ?is sort ( poet does really praise creation1 9 ! s5se ( ! act ( creation4 ,he praises ! passage or transition f non5tity to entity2 !re falls "h also ! %ad[ ( t ar*etypal image ( ! bridge1 :i* has giv5 to ! prie/ 8 ar*aic & my/]i\s "n4 ,! my/ic :o passes ?r\gh ! mom5t :5 !re is no?+ b ,god does 9 "s s5se behold ! beg9n+less beg9n+s 9 :i* !re 0 really no?+ else4 ,he n only appreciates ev]y?+ b ! no?+ ( :i* ev]y?+ 0 made4 ,9 a fa%ion he endures & answ]s ev5 ! e>?quake irony ( ! ,book ( ,job2 9 "s s5se he is !re :5 ! f\ndations ( ! _w are laid1 ) ! morn+ />s s++ toge!r & ! sons ( ,god %\t+ = joy4 ,t is b a di/ant adumbration ( ! reason :y ! ,franciscan1 ragg$1 p5niless1 homeless & app>5tly hopeless1 did inde$ come =? s++ su* songs z might come f ! />s ( morn+2 & %\t+1 a son ( ,god4 ,?is s5se ( ! great gratitude & ! sublime dep5d5ce 0 n a phrase or ev5 a s5tim5t2 x is ! :ole po9t t ?is 0 ! v rock ( reality4 ,x 0 n a fancy b a fact2 r x is true t beside x all facts are fancies4 ,t we all dep5d 9 e detail1 at e in/ant1 z a ,*ri/ian w\ld say ^u ,god1 z ev5 an agno/ic w\ld say ^u exi/5ce & ! nature ( ?+s1 is n an illusion ( imag9ation2 on ! contr>y1 x is ! fundam5tal fact :i* we cov] up1 z ) curta9s1 ) ! illusion ( ord9>y life4 ,t ord9>y life is an admirable ?+ 9 itself1 j z imag9ation is an admirable ?+ 9 itself4 ,b x is mu* m ! ord9>y life t is made ( imag9ation ?an ! contemplative life4 ,he :o has se5 ! :ole _w hang+ on a hair ( ! m]cy ( ,god has se5 ! tru?2 we might almo/ say ! cold tru?4 ,he :o has se5 ! vision ( 8 city upside d[n has se5 x ! "r way up4 ,rossetti makes ! rem>k some:]e1 bitt]ly b ) great tru?1 t ! wor/ mom5t = ! a!i/ is :5 he is really ?ankful & has nobody to ?ank4 ,! conv]se ( ?is proposition is also true2 & x is c]ta9 t ?is gratitude produc$1 9 su* m5 z we are "h consid]+1 ! mo/ purely joyful mom5ts t h be5 kn[n to man4 ,! great pa9t] boa/$ t he mix$ all 8 col\rs ) bra9s1 & ! great sa9t may be said to mix all 8 ?\ghts ) ?anks4 ,all goods look bett] :5 !y look l gifts4 ,9 ?is s5se x is c]ta9 t ! my/ical me?od e/abli%es a v heal?y ext]nal relation to ev]y?+ else4 ,b x mu/ always be rememb]$ t ev]y?+ else has = ev] fall5 into a second place1 9 comp>ison ) ?is simple fact ( dep5d5ce on ! div9e reality4 ,9 s f> z ord9>y social relations h 9 !m some?+ t seems solid & self-support+1 "s s5se ( be+ at once buttress$ & cu%ion$2 9 s f> z !y e/abli% sanity 9 ! s5se ( security & security 9 ! s5se ( self-suffici5cy1 ! man :o has se5 ! _w hang+ on a hair does h "s difficulty 9 tak+ !m s s]i\sly z t4 ,9 s f> z ev5 ! secul> au?orities & hi]>*ies1 ev5 ! mo/ natural sup]iorities & ! mo/ necess>y subord9ations1 t5d at once to put a man 9 8 place1 & to make him sure ( 8 position1 ! man :o has se5 ! human hi]>*y upside d[n w always h some?+ ( a smile = its sup]iorities4 ,9 ?is s5se ! direct vision ( div9e reality does di/urb solemnities t are sane en\gh 9 !mselves4 ,! my/ic may h add$ a cubit to 8 /ature2 b he g5]ally loses some?+ ( 8 /atus4 ,he c no long] take himself = grant$1 m]ely because he c v]ify 8 own exi/5ce 9 a p>i% regi/] or a family ,bible4 ,su* a man may h some?+ ( ! appe>ance ( ! lunatic :o has lo/ 8 "n :ile pres]v+ 8 nature2 :o /raightway =gets :at mann] ( man he 04 ,hi!rto ,i h call$ ,pietro ,b]n>done fa!r2 b n[ ,i am ! s]vant ( ,god4 ,all ^! pr(\nd matt]s mu/ be sugge/$ 9 %ort & imp]fect phrases2 & ! %orte/ /atem5t ( "o aspect ( ?is illum9ation is to say t x is ! discov]y ( an inf9ite debt4 ,x may seem a p>adox to say t a man may be transport$ ) joy to discov] t he is 9 debt4 ,b ?is is only because 9 comm]cial cases ! cr$itor does n g5]ally %>e ! transports ( joy2 especially :5 ! debt is by hypo!sis inf9ite & !re=e unrecov]able4 ,b "h aga9 ! p>allel ( a natural love-/ory ( ! nobl] sort disposes ( ! difficulty 9 a fla%4 ,!re ! inf9ite cr$itor does %>e ! joy ( ! inf9ite debtor2 = inde$ !y are bo? debtors & bo? cr$itors4 ,9 o!r words debt & dep5d5ce d become pleasures 9 ! pres5ce ( unspoilt love2 ! ^w is us$ too loosely & luxuri\sly 9 popul> simplifications l ! pres5t2 b "h ! ^w is really ! key4 ,x is ! key ( all ! problems ( ,franciscan morality :i* puzzle ! m]ely mod]n m9d2 b above all x is ! key ( asceticism4 ,x is ! highe/ & holie/ ( ! p>adoxes t ! man :o really kn[s he _c pay 8 debt w be = ev] pay+ x4 ,he w be = ev] giv+ back :at he _c give back1 & _c be expect$ to give back4 ,he w be always ?r[+ ?+s away into a bottomless pit ( unfa?omable ?anks4 ,m5 :o ?9k !y are too mod]n to und]/& ?is are 9 fact too mean to und]/& x2 we are mo/ ( u too mean to practise x4 ,we are n g5]\s en\gh to be ascetics2 "o might almo/ say n g5ial en\gh to be ascetics4 ,a man mu/ h magnanimity ( surr5d]1 ( :i* he commonly only cat*es a glimpse 9 fir/ love1 l a glimpse ( our lo/ ,ed54 ,b :e!r he sees x or n1 ! tru? is 9 t riddle2 t ! :ole _w has1 or is1 only "o good ?+2 & x is a bad debt4 ,if ev] t r>] sort ( romantic love1 :i* 0 ! tru? t su/a9$ ! ,tr\bad\rs1 falls out ( fa%ion & is treat$ z fiction1 we may see "s su* misund]/&+ z t ( ! mod]n _w ab\t asceticism4 ,= x seems conceivable t "s b>b>ians might try to de/roy *ivalry 9 love1 z ! b>b>ians rul+ 9 ,b]l9 de/roy$ *ivalry 9 w>4 ,if t 7 ev] s1 we %\ld h ! same sort ( un9tellig5t sne]s & unimag9ative que/ions4 ,m5 w ask :at selfi% sort ( woman x mu/ h be5 :o ru?lessly exact$ tribute 9 ! =m ( fl[]s1 or :at an av>ici\s creature %e c h be5 to dem& solid gold 9 ! =m ( a r+2 j z !y ask :at cruel k9d ( ,god c h dem&$ sacrifice & self-d5ial4 ,!y w h lo/ ! clue to all t lov]s h meant by love2 & w n und]/& t x 0 because ! ?+ 0 n dem&$ t x 0 done4 ,b :e!r or no any su* less] ?+s w ?r[ a light on ! great]1 x is utt]ly useless to /udy a great ?+ l ! ,franciscan movem5t :ile rema9+ 9 ! mod]n mood t murmurs aga9/ gloomy asceticism4 ,! :ole po9t ab\t ,/4 ,francis ( ,assisi is t he c]ta9ly 0 ascetical & he c]ta9ly 0 n gloomy4 ,z soon z ev] he _h be5 unhors$ by ! glori\s humiliation ( 8 vision ( dep5d5ce on ! div9e love1 he flung himself into fa/+ & vigil exactly z he _h flung himself furi\sly into battle4 ,he _h :eel$ 8 *>g] clean r\nd1 b !re 0 no halt or *eck 9 ! ?und]+ impetuosity ( 8 *>ge4 ,!re 0 no?+ negative ab\t x2 x 0 n a regim5 or a /oical simplicity ( life4 ,x 0 n self-d5ial m]ely 9 ! s5se ( self-control4 ,x 0 z positive z a passion2 x _h all ! air ( be+ z positive z a pleasure4 ,he dev\r$ fa/+ z a man dev\rs food4 ,he plung$ aft] pov]ty z m5 h dug madly = gold4 ,& x is precisely ! positive & passionate quality ( ?is "p ( 8 p]sonality t is a *all5ge to ! mod]n m9d 9 ! :ole problem ( ! pursuit ( pleasure4 ,!re und5iably is ! hi/orical fact2 & !re atta*$ to x is ano!r moral fact almo/ z und5iable4 ,x is c]ta9 t he held on ?is h]oic or unnatural c\rse f ! mom5t :5 he w5t =? 9 8 hair-%irt into ! w9t] woods to ! mom5t :5 he desir$ ev5 9 8 dea? agony to lie b>e ^u ! b>e gr\nd1 to prove t he _h & t he 0 no?+4 ,& we c say1 ) almo/ z deep a c]ta9ty1 t ! />s :i* pass$ above t gaunt & wa/$ corpse />k ^u ! rocky floor _h = once1 9 all _! %9+ cycles r\nd ! _w ( lab\r+ humanity1 look$ d[n ^u a happy man4 ,*apt] ,,vi ,! ,little ,poor ,man ,f t cav]n1 t 0 a furnace ( gl[+ gratitude & humility1 !re came =? "o ( ! /ronge/ & /range/ & mo/ orig9al p]sonalities t human hi/ory has kn[n4 ,he 01 among o!r ?+s1 emphatically :at we call a "*2 almo/ z we speak ( a "* 9 a good novel or play4 ,he 0 n only a humani/ b a humori/2 a humori/ especially 9 ! old ,engli% s5se ( a man always 9 8 hum\r1 go+ 8 own way & do+ :at nobody else w\ld h done4 ,! anecdotes ab\t him h a c]ta9 biographical quality ( :i* ! mo/ famili> example is ,dr4 ,johnson2 :i* belongs 9 ano!r way to ,william ,blake or to ,*>les ,lamb4 ,! atmosph]e c only be def9$ by a sort ( anti!sis2 ! act is always unexpect$ & nev] inappropriate4 ,be=e ! ?+ is said or done x _c ev5 be conjectur$2 b aft] x is said or done x is felt to be m]ely *>act]i/ic4 ,x is surpris+ly & yet inevitably individual4 ,?is quality ( abrupt fitness & bewild]+ consi/5cy belongs to ,/4 ,francis 9 a way t m>ks him out f mo/ m5 ( 8 "t4 ,m5 are le>n+ m & m ( ! solid social virtues ( m$ieval civilisation2 b ^? impressions are /ill social r ?an individual4 ,! m$ieval _w 0 f> ahead ( ! mod]n _w 9 its s5se ( ! ?+s 9 :i* all m5 are at "o3 dea? & ! daylight ( reason & ! common consci5ce t holds communities toge!r4 ,its g5]alisations 7 san] & s\nd] ?an ! mad mat]iali/ic !ories ( to-day2 nobody w\ld h tol]at$ a ,s*op5hau] scorn+ life or a ,nietzs*e liv+ only = scorn4 ,b ! mod]n _w is m subtle 9 its s5se ( ! ?+s 9 :i* m5 are n at "o2 9 ! temp]am5tal v>ieties & diff]5tiations t make up ! p]sonal problems ( life4 ,all m5 :o c ?9k !mselves n[ realise t ! great s*oolm5 _h a type ( ?\ght t 0 wond]fully cle>2 b x 0 z x 7 delib]ately col\rless4 ,all are n[ agre$ t ! greate/ art ( ! age 0 ! art ( public build+s2 ! popul> & communal art ( ar*itecture4 ,b x 0 n an age = ! art ( portrait-pa9t+4 ,yet ! fri5ds ( ,/4 ,francis h really contriv$ to leave beh9d a portrait2 some?+ almo/ resembl+ a dev\t & affectionate c>icature4 ,!re are l9es & col\rs 9 x t are p]sonal almo/ to ! ext5t ( be+ p]v]se1 if "o c use ! ^w p]v]sity ( an inv]sion t 0 also a conv]sion4 ,ev5 among ! sa9ts he has ! air ( a sort ( ecc5tric1 if "o may use ! ^w ( "o ^: ecc5tricity consi/$ 9 always turn+ t[>ds ! c5tre4 ,be=e resum+ ! n>rative ( 8 fir/ adv5tures1 & ! build+ ( ! great bro!rhood :i* 0 ! beg9n+ ( s m]ciful a revolution1 ,i ?9k x well to complete ?is imp]fect p]sonal portrait "h2 & hav+ attempt$ 9 ! la/ *apt] a t5tative description ( ! process1 to add 9 ?is *apt] a few t\*es to describe ! result4 ,i mean by ! result ! real man z he 0 aft] 8 fir/ =mative exp]i5ces2 ! man :om m5 met walk+ ab\t on ! ,italian roads 9 8 br[n tunic ti$ ) a rope4 ,= t man1 sav+ ! grace ( ,god1 is ! explanation ( all t foll[$2 m5 act$ q diff]5tly accord+ to :e!r !y _h met him or n4 ,if we see aft]w>ds a va/ tumult1 an appeal to ! ,pope1 mobs ( m5 9 br[n habits besieg+ ! seats ( au?ority1 ,papal pron\ncem5ts1 h]etical sessions1 trial & triumphant survival1 ! _w full ( a new movem5t1 ! fri> a h\sehold ^w 9 e corn] ( ,europe1 & if we ask :y all ?is happ5$1 we c only approximate to any answ] to our own "q if we c1 9 "s fa9t & indirect imag9ative fa%ion1 he> "o human voice or see "o human face "u a hood4 ,!re is no answ] except t ,francis ,b]n>done _h happ5$2 & we mu/ try 9 "s s5se to see :at we %\ld h se5 if he _h happ5$ to u4 ,9 o!r words1 aft] "s grop+ sugge/ions ab\t 8 life f ! inside1 we mu/ aga9 consid] x f ! outside2 z if he 7 a /rang] com+ up ! road t[>ds u1 along ! hills ( ,umbria1 betwe5 ! olives or ! v9es4 ,francis ( ,assisi 0 slight 9 figure ) t sort ( slightness :i*1 comb9$ ) s mu* vivacity1 gives ! impression ( smallness4 ,he 0 probably tall] ?an he look$2 middle-siz$1 8 biograph]s say2 he 0 c]ta9ly v active &1 consid]+ :at he w5t ?r\gh1 mu/ h be5 tol]ably t\gh4 ,he 0 ( ! br[ni% ,s\!rn col\r+1 ) a d>k be>d ?9 & po9t$ su* z appe>s 9 pictures "u ! hoods ( elves2 & 8 eyes gl[$ ) ! fire t frett$ him night & day4 ,!re is some?+ ab\t ! description ( all he said & did :i* sugge/s t1 ev5 m ?an mo/ ,italians1 he turn$ naturally to a passionate pantomime ( ge/ures4 ,if ?is 0 s x is equally c]ta9 t ) him1 ev5 m ?an ) mo/ ,italians1 ! ge/ures 7 all ge/ures ( polit5ess or hospitality4 ,& bo? ^! facts1 ! vivacity & ! c\rtesy1 are ! outw>d signs ( some?+ t m>k him out v di/9ctively f _m :o might appe> to be m ( 8 k9d ?an !y really are4 ,x is truly said t ,francis ( ,assisi 0 "o ( ! f\nd]s ( ! m$ieval drama1 & !re=e ( ! mod]n drama4 ,he 0 ! v rev]se ( a !atrical p]son 9 ! selfi% s5se2 b = all t he 0 pre-em95tly a dramatic p]son4 ,?is side ( him c be/ be sugge/$ by tak+ :at is commonly reg>d$ z a reposeful quality2 :at is commonly describ$ z a love ( nature4 ,we are compell$ to use ! t]m2 & x is entirely ! wrong t]m4 ,/4 ,francis 0 n a lov] ( nature4 ,prop]ly und]/ood1 a lov] ( nature 0 precisely :at he 0 n4 ,! phrase implies accept+ ! mat]ial univ]se z a vague environm5t1 a sort ( s5tim5tal pan!ism4 ,9 ! romantic p]iod ( lit]ature1 9 ! age ( ,byron & ,scott1 x 0 easy en\gh to imag9e t a h]mit 9 ! ru9s ( a *apel 7pref]ably by moonlight7 might f9d peace & a mild pleasure 9 ! h>mony ( solemn =e/s & sil5t />s1 :ile he pond]$ ov] "s scroll or illum9at$ volume1 ab\t ! liturgical nature ( :i* ! au?or 0 a little vague4 ,9 %ort1 ! h]mit might love nature z a backgr\nd4 ,n[ = ,/4 ,francis no?+ 0 ev] 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,we might say t 8 m9d _h no backgr\nd1 except p]haps t div9e d>kness out ( :i* ! div9e love _h call$ up e col\r$ creature "o by "o4 ,he saw ev]y?+ z dramatic1 di/9ct f its sett+1 n all ( a piece l a picture b 9 action l a play4 ,a bird w5t by him l an arr[2 some?+ ) a /ory & a purpose1 ?\gh x 0 a purpose ( life & n a purpose ( dea?4 ,a bu% c\ld /op him l a brig&2 & inde$ he 0 z ready to welcome ! brig& z ! bu%4 ,9 a ^w1 we talk ab\t a man :o _c see ! wood = ! trees4 ,/4 ,francis 0 a man :o did n want to see ! wood = ! trees4 ,he want$ to see ea* tree z a sep>ate & almo/ a sacr$ ?+1 be+ a *ild ( ,god & !re=e a bro!r or si/] ( man4 ,b he did n want to /& aga9/ a piece ( /age sc5]y us$ m]ely z a backgr\nd1 & inscrib$ 9 a g5]al fa%ion3 ,sc5e2 a wood4 ,9 ?is s5se we might say t he 0 too dramatic = ! drama4 ,! sc5]y w\ld h come to life 9 8 com$ies2 ! walls w\ld really h spok5 l ,sn\t ! ,t9k] & ! trees w\ld really h come walk+ to ,duns9ane4 ,ev]y?+ w\ld h be5 9 ! =egr\nd2 & 9 t s5se 9 ! footlights4 ,ev]y?+ w\ld be 9 e s5se a "*4 ,?is is ! quality 9 :i*1 z a poet1 he is ! v opposite ( a pan!i/4 ,he did n call nature 8 "m2 he call$ a p>ticul> donkey 8 bro!r or a p>ticul> sp>r[ 8 si/]4 ,if he _h call$ a pelican 8 aunt or an elephant 8 uncle1 z he might possibly h done1 he w\ld /ill h meant t !y 7 p>ticul> creatures assign$ by _! ,creator to p>ticul> places2 n m]e expressions ( ! evolution>y en]gy ( ?+s4 ,t is :]e 8 my/icism is s close to ! common s5se ( ! *ild4 ,a *ild has no difficulty ab\t und]/&+ t ,god made ! dog & ! cat2 ?\gh he is well aw>e t ! mak+ ( dogs & cats out ( no?+ is a my/]i\s process beyond 8 own imag9ation4 ,b no *ild w\ld und]/& :at y meant if y mix$ up ! dog & ! cat & ev]y?+ else into "o mon/] ) a myriad legs & call$ x nature4 ,! *ild w\ld resolutely refuse to make head or tail ( any su* animal4 ,/4 ,francis 0 a my/ic1 b he believ$ 9 my/icism & n 9 my/ification4 ,z a my/ic he 0 ! mortal enemy ( all ^? my/ics :o melt away ! edges ( ?+s & dissolve an entity into its environm5t4 ,he 0 a my/ic ( ! daylight & ! d>kness2 b n a my/ic ( ! twilight4 ,he 0 ! v contr>y ( t sort ( ori5tal vision>y :o is only a my/ic because he is too mu* ( a sceptic to be a mat]iali/4 ,/4 ,francis 0 emphatically a reali/1 us+ ! ^w reali/ 9 its mu* m real m$ieval s5se4 ,9 ?is matt] he really 0 ak9 to ! be/ _s ( 8 age1 :i* _h j won its victory ov] ! nom9alism ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,9 ?is inde$ !re 0 some?+ symbolic 9 ! contempor>y art & decoration ( 8 p]iod2 z 9 ! art ( h]aldry4 ,! ,franciscan birds & bea/s 7 really r l h]aldic birds & bea/s2 n 9 ! s5se ( be+ fabul\s animals b 9 ! s5se ( be+ treat$ z if !y 7 facts1 cle> & positive & unaffect$ by ! illusions ( atmosph]e & p]spective4 ,9 t s5se he did see a bird sable on a field azure or a %eep arg5t on a field v]t4 ,b ! h]aldry ( humility 0 ri*] ?an ! h]aldry ( pride2 = x saw all ^! ?+s t ,god _h giv5 z some?+ m preci\s & unique ?an ! blazonry t pr9ces & pe]s _h only giv5 to !mselves4 ,inde$ out ( ! dep?s ( t surr5d] x rose high] ?an ! highe/ titles ( ! feudal age2 ?an ! laurel ( ,cs> or ! ,iron ,cr[n ( ,lomb>dy4 ,x is an example ( extremes t meet1 t ! ,little ,poor ,man1 :o _h /ripp$ himself ( ev]y?+ & nam$ himself z no?+1 took ! same title t has be5 ! wild vaunt ( ! vanity ( ! gorge\s ,asiatic autocrat1 & call$ himself ! ,bro!r ( ! ,sun & ,moon4 ,?is quality1 ( some?+ out/&+ & ev5 />tl+ 9 ?+s z ,/4 ,francis saw !m1 is "h important z illu/rat+ a "* 9 8 own life4 ,z he saw all ?+s dramatically1 s he himself 0 always dramatic4 ,we h to assume ?r\gh\t1 ne$less to say1 t he 0 a poet & c only be und]/ood z a poet4 ,b he _h "o poetic privilege d5i$ to mo/ poets4 ,9 t respect inde$ he might be call$ ! "o happy poet among all ! unhappy poets ( ! _w4 ,he 0 a poet ^: :ole life 0 a poem4 ,he 0 n s mu* a m9/rel m]ely s++ 8 own songs z a dramati/ capable ( act+ ! :ole ( 8 own play4 ,! ?+s he said 7 m imag9ative ?an ! ?+s he wrote4 ,! ?+s he did 7 m imag9ative ?an ! ?+s he said4 ,8 :ole c\rse ?r\gh life 0 a s]ies ( sc5es 9 :i* he _h a sort ( p]petual luck 9 br++ ?+s to a beautiful crisis4 ,to talk ab\t ! art ( liv+ has come to s\nd r artificial ?an arti/ic4 ,b ,/4 ,francis did 9 a def9ite s5se make ! v act ( liv+ an art1 ?\gh x 0 an unprem$itat$ art4 ,_m ( 8 acts w seem grotesque & puzzl+ to a rationali/ic ta/e4 ,b !y 7 always acts & n explanations2 & !y always meant :at he meant !m to mean4 ,! amaz+ vividness ) :i* he /amp$ himself on ! memory & imag9ation ( mank9d is v l>gely due to ! fact t he 0 se5 aga9 & aga9 "u su* dramatic conditions4 ,f ! mom5t :5 he r5t 8 robes & flung !m at 8 fa!r's feet to ! mom5t :5 he /ret*$ himself 9 dea? on ! b>e e>? 9 ! patt]n ( ! cross1 8 life 0 made up ( ^! unconsci\s attitudes & unhesitat+ ge/ures4 ,x w\ld be easy to fill page aft] page ) examples2 b ,i w "h pursue ! me?od f\nd conv5i5t ev]y:]e 9 ?is %ort sket*1 & take "o typical example1 dwell+ on x ) a little m detail ?an w\ld be possible 9 a catalogue1 9 ! hope ( mak+ ! mean+ m cle>4 ,! example tak5 "h occurr$ 9 ! la/ days ( 8 life1 b x ref]s back 9 a r curi\s fa%ion to ! fir/2 & r\nds (f ! rem>kable unity ( t romance ( religion4 ,! phrase ab\t 8 bro!rhood ) ! sun & moon1 & ) ! wat] & ! fire1 occurs ( c\rse 9 8 fam\s poem call$ ! ,canticle ( ! ,creatures or ! ,canticle ( ! ,sun4 ,he sang x w&]+ 9 ! mead[s 9 ! sunni] season ( 8 own c>e]1 :5 he 0 p\r+ upw>ds into ! sky all ! passions ( a poet4 ,x is a supremely *>act]i/ic "w1 & mu* ( ,/4 ,francis c\ld be recon/ruct$ f t "w alone4 ,?\gh 9 "s ways ! ?+ is z simple & /raight=w>d z a ballad1 !re is a delicate in/9ct ( diff]5tiation 9 x4 ,notice1 = in/ance1 ! s5se ( sex 9 inanimate ?+s1 :i* goes f> beyond ! arbitr>y g5d]s ( a gramm>4 ,x 0 n = no?+ t he call$ fire 8 bro!r1 fi]ce & gay & /rong1 & wat] 8 si/]1 pure & cle> & inviolate4 ,rememb] t ,/4 ,francis 0 nei!r encumb]$ nor assi/$ by all t ,greek & ,roman poly!ism turn$ into allegory1 :i* has be5 to ,european poetry (t5 an inspiration1 too (t5 a conv5tion4 ,:e!r he ga9$ or lo/ by 8 contempt ( le>n+1 x nev] occurr$ to him to connect ,neptune & ! nymphs ) ! wat] or ,vulcan & ! ,cyclops ) ! flame4 ,?is po9t exactly illu/rates :at has already be5 sugge/$2 t1 s f> f be+ a revival ( paganism1 ! ,franciscan r5asc5ce 0 a sort ( fre% />t & fir/ awak5+ aft] a =getfulness ( paganism4 ,c]ta9ly x is responsible = a c]ta9 fre%ness 9 ! ?+ itself4 ,anyh[ ,/4 ,francis 01 z x 71 ! f\nd] ( a new folk-lore2 b he c\ld di/+ui% 8 m]maids f 8 m]m5 & 8 wit*es f 8 wiz>ds4 ,9 %ort1 he _h to make 8 own my?ology2 b he knew at a glance ! goddesses f ! gods4 ,?is fanciful in/9ct = ! sexes is n ! only example ( an imag9ative in/9ct ( ! k9d4 ,!re is j ! same qua9t felicity 9 ! fact t he s+les out ! sun ) a slightly m c\rtly title besides t ( bro!r2 a phrase t "o k+ might use ( ano!r1 correspond+ to ,monsieur notre frre4 ,x is l a fa9t half ironic %ad[ ( ! %9+ primacy t x _h held 9 ! pagan heav5s4 ,a bi%op is said to h compla9$ ( a ,noncon=mi/ say+ ,paul in/ead ( ,sa9t ,paul2 & to h add$ ,he might at lea/ h call$ him ,mr4 ,paul4 ,s ,/4 ,francis is free ( all obligation to cry out 9 praise or t]ror on ! ,"l ,god ,apollo1 b 9 8 new nurs]y heav5s1 he salutes him z ,mr4 ,sun4 ,^? are ! ?+s 9 :i* he has a sort ( inspir$ infancy1 only to be p>allel$ 9 nurs]y tales4 ,some?+ ( ! same hazy b heal?y awe makes ! /ory ( ,br] ,fox & ,br] ,rabbit ref] respectfully to ,mr4 ,man4 ,?is poem1 full ( ! mir? ( y\? & ! memories ( *ildhood1 runs ?r\gh 8 :ole life l a refra91 & scraps ( x turn up cont9ually 9 ! ord9>y habit ( 8 talk4 ,p]haps ! la/ appe>ance ( its special language 0 9 an incid5t t has always seem$ to me int5sely impressive1 & is at any rate v illu/rative ( ! great mann] & ge/ure ( :i* ,i speak4 ,impressions ( t k9d are a matt] ( imag9ation & 9 t s5se ( ta/e4 ,x is idle to argue ab\t !m2 = x is ! :ole po9t ( !m t !y h pass$ beyond words2 & ev5 :5 !y use words1 seem to be complet$ by "s ritual movem5t l a bless+ or a bl[4 ,s1 9 a supreme example1 !re is some?+ f> pa/ all exposition1 some?+ l ! sweep+ movem5t & mighty %ad[ ( a h&1 d>k5+ ev5 ! d>kness ( ,ge?semane2 ,sleep on n[1 & take y\r re/4444 ,yet !re are p :o h />t$ to p>aphrase & exp& ! /ory ( ! ,passion4 ,/4 ,francis 0 a dy+ man4 ,we might say he 0 an old man1 at ! "t ?is typical incid5t occurr$2 b 9 fact he 0 only prematurely old2 = he 0 n fifty :5 he di$1 worn out ) 8 fight+ & fa/+ life4 ,b :5 he came d[n f ! awful asceticism & m awful revelation ( ,alv]no1 he 0 a brok5 man4 ,z w be app>5t :5 ^! ev5ts are t\*$ on 9 _! turn1 x 0 n only sickness & bodily decay t may well h d>k5$ 8 life2 he _h be5 rec5tly disappo9t$ 9 8 ma9 mission to end ! ,crusades by ! conv]sion ( ,islam2 he _h be5 /ill m disappo9t$ by ! signs ( compromise & a m political or practical _s 9 8 own ord]2 he _h sp5t 8 la/ en]gies 9 prote/4 ,at ?is po9t he 0 told t he 0 go+ bl9d4 ,if ! fa9te/ h9t has be5 giv5 "h ( :at ,/4 ,francis felt ab\t ! glory & pageantry ( e>? & sky1 ab\t ! h]aldic %ape & col\r & symbolism ( birds & bea/s & fl[]s1 "s notion may be =m$ ( :at x meant to him to g bl9d4 ,yet ! rem$y might well h seem$ worse ?an ! disease4 ,! rem$y1 admitt$ly an unc]ta9 rem$y1 0 to caut]ise ! eye1 & t )\t any an/hetic4 ,9 o!r words x 0 to burn 8 liv+ eyeballs ) a r$-hot iron4 ,_m ( ! tortures ( m>tyrdom1 :i* he envi$ 9 m>tyrology & s\ght va9ly 9 ,syria1 c h be5 no worse4 ,:5 !y took ! br& f ! furnace1 he rose z ) an urbane ge/ure & spoke z to an invisible pres5ce3 ,bro!r ,fire1 ,god made y beautiful & /rong & useful2 ,i pray y be c\rte\s ) me4 ,if !re be any su* ?+ z ! art ( life1 x seems to me t su* a mom5t 0 "o ( its ma/]pieces4 ,n to _m poets has x be5 giv5 to rememb] _! own poetry at su* a mom5t1 /ill less to live "o ( _! own poems4 ,ev5 ,william ,blake w\ld h be5 disconc]t$ if1 :ile he 0 re-read+ ! noble l9es ,tig]1 tig]1 burn+ bright1 a real l>ge live ,b5gal tig] _h put 8 head 9 at ! w9d[ ( ! cottage 9 ,felpham1 evid5tly ) e int5tion ( bit+ 8 head (f4 ,he might h wav]$ be=e politely salut+ x1 above all by calmly complet+ ! recitation ( ! poem to ! quadrup$ to :om x 0 d$icat$4 ,%elley1 :5 he wi%$ to be a cl\d or a leaf c>ri$ be=e ! w9d1 might h be5 mildly surpris$ to f9d himself turn+ sl[ly head ov] heels 9 mid air a ?\s& feet above ! sea4 ,ev5 ,keats1 kn[+ t 8 hold on life 0 a frail "o1 might h be5 di/urb$ to discov] t ! true1 ! blu%ful ,hippocr5e ( :i* he _h j p>tak5 freely _h inde$ conta9$ a drug1 :i* really ensur$ t he %\ld cease ^u ! midnight ) no pa94 ,= ,francis !re 0 no drug2 & = ,francis !re 0 pl5ty ( pa94 ,b 8 fir/ ?\ght 0 "o ( 8 fir/ fancies f ! songs ( 8 y\?4 ,he rememb]$ ! "t :5 a flame 0 a fl[]1 only ! mo/ glori\s & gaily col\r$ ( ! fl[]s 9 ! g>d5 ( ,god2 & :5 t %9+ ?+ return$ to him 9 ! %ape ( an in/rum5t ( torture1 he hail$ x f af> l an old fri5d1 call+ x by ! nickname :i* might mo/ truly be call$ its ,*ri/ian "n4 ,t is only "o incid5t out ( a life ( su* incid5ts2 & ,i h select$ x p>tly because x %[s :at is meant "h by t %ad[ ( ge/ure !re is 9 all 8 words1 ! dramatic ge/ure ( ! s\?2 & p>tly because its special ref]5ce to c\rtesy cov]s ! next fact to be not$4 ,! popul> in/9ct ( ,/4 ,francis1 & 8 p]petual preoccupation ) ! idea ( bro!rhood1 w be entirely misund]/ood if x is und]/ood 9 ! s5se ( :at is (t5 call$ cam>ad]ie2 ! back-slapp+ sort ( bro!rhood4 ,frequ5tly f ! enemies & too frequ5tly f ! fri5ds ( ! democratic ideal1 !re has come a notion t ?is note is necess>y to t ideal4 ,x is assum$ t equality means all m5 be+ equally uncivil1 :]eas x obvi\sly ought to mean all m5 be+ equally civil4 ,su* p h =gott5 ! v mean+ & d]ivation ( ! ^w civility1 if !y d n see t to be uncivil is to be uncivic4 ,b anyh[ t 0 n ! equality :i* ,francis ( ,assisi enc\rag$2 b an equality ( ! opposite k9d2 x 0 a cam>ad]ie actually f\nd$ on c\rtesy4 ,ev5 9 t fairy bord]l& ( 8 m]e fancies ab\t fl[]s & animals & ev5 inanimate ?+s1 he reta9$ ?is p]man5t po/ure ( a sort ( def]5ce4 ,a fri5d ( m9e said t somebody 0 ! sort ( man :o apologises to ! cat4 ,/4 ,francis really w\ld h apologis$ to ! cat4 ,:5 he 0 ab\t to prea* 9 a wood full ( ! *att] ( birds1 he said1 ) a g5tle ge/ure ,little si/]s1 if y h n[ _h y\r say1 x is "t t ,i also %\ld be he>d4 ,& all ! birds 7 sil5t2 z ,i = "o c v easily believe4 ,9 def]5ce to my special design ( mak+ matt]s intelligible to av]age mod]nity1 ,i h treat$ sep>ately ! subject ( ! miracul\s p[]s t ,/4 ,francis mo/ c]ta9ly possess$4 ,b ev5 ap>t f any miracul\s p[]s1 m5 ( t magnetic sort1 ) t int5se int]e/ 9 animals1 (t5 h an extraord9>y p[] ov] !m4 ,/4 ,francis's p[] 0 always ex]cis$ ) ?is elaborate polit5ess4 ,mu* ( x 0 d\btless a sort ( symbolic joke1 a pi\s pantomime int5d$ to convey ! vital di/9ction 9 8 div9e mission1 t he n only lov$ b rev]5c$ ,god 9 all 8 creatures4 ,9 ?is s5se he _h ! air n only ( apologis+ to ! cat or to ! birds1 b ( apologis+ to a *air = sitt+ on x or to a table = sitt+ d[n at x4 ,anyone :o _h foll[$ him ?r\gh life m]ely to laugh at him1 z a sort ( lovable lunatic1 might easily h _h an impression z ( a lunatic :o b[$ to e po/ or took (f 8 hat to e tree4 ,?is 0 all a "p ( 8 in/9ct = imag9ative ge/ure4 ,he taught ! _w a l>ge "p ( its lesson by a sort ( div9e dumb alphabet4 ,b if !re 0 ?is c]emonial elem5t ev5 9 light] or less] matt]s1 its significance became f> m s]i\s 9 ! s]i\s "w ( 8 life1 :i* 0 an appeal to humanity1 or r to human be+s4 ,i h said t ,/4 ,francis delib]ately did n see ! wood = ! trees4 ,x is ev5 m true t he delib]ately did n see ! mob = ! m54 ,:at di/+ui%es ?is v g5u9e democrat f any m]e demagogue is t he nev] ei!r deceiv$ or 0 deceiv$ by ! illusion ( mass-sugge/ion4 ,:atev] 8 ta/e 9 mon/]s1 he nev] saw be=e him a _m-head$ bea/4 ,he only saw ! image ( ,god multipli$ b nev] monoton\s4 ,to him a man 0 always a man & did n disappe> 9 a d5se cr[d any m ?an 9 a des]t4 ,he hon\r$ all m52 t is1 he n only lov$ b respect$ !m all4 ,:at gave him 8 extraord9>y p]sonal p[] 0 ?is2 t f ! ,pope to ! begg>1 f ! sultan ( ,syria 9 8 pavilion to ! ragg$ robb]s crawl+ out ( ! wood1 !re 0 nev] a man :o look$ into ^? br[n burn+ eyes )\t be+ c]ta9 t ,francis ,b]n>done 0 really int]e/$ 9 him2 9 8 own inn] individual life f ! cradle to ! grave2 t he himself 0 be+ valu$ & tak5 s]i\sly1 & n m]ely add$ to ! spoils ( "s social policy or ! names 9 "s cl]ical docum5t4 ,n[ = ?is p>ticul> moral & religi\s idea !re is no ext]nal expression except c\rtesy4 ,exhortation does n express x1 = x is n m]e ab/ract en?usiasm2 b5efic5ce does n express x1 = x is n m]e pity4 ,x c only be convey$ by a c]ta9 gr& mann] :i* may be call$ good mann]s4 ,we may say if we l t ,/4 ,francis1 9 ! b>e & b>r5 simplicity ( 8 life1 _h clung to "o rag ( luxury2 ! mann]s ( a c\rt4 ,b :]eas 9 a c\rt !re is "o k+ & a hundr$ c\rti]s1 9 ?is /ory !re 0 "o c\rti]1 mov+ among a hundr$ k+s4 ,= he treat$ ! :ole mob ( m5 z a mob ( k+s4 ,& ?is 0 really & truly ! only attitude t w appeal to t "p ( man to :i* he wi%$ to appeal4 ,x _c be done by giv+ gold or ev5 bread2 = x is a prov]b t any revell] may fl+ l>gesse 9 m]e scorn4 ,x _c ev5 be done by giv+ "t & att5tion2 = any numb] ( philan?ropi/s & b5evol5t bureaucrats d su* "w ) a scorn f> m cold & horrible 9 _! he>ts4 ,no plans or proposals or effici5t re>rangem5ts w give back to a brok5 man 8 self-respect & s5se ( speak+ ) an equal4 ,"o ge/ure w d x4 ,) t ge/ure ,francis ( ,assisi mov$ among m52 & x 0 soon f\nd to h some?+ 9 x ( magic & to act1 9 a d\ble s5se1 l a *>m4 ,b x mu/ always be conceiv$ z a completely natural ge/ure2 = inde$ x 0 almo/ a ge/ure ( apology4 ,he mu/ be imag9$ z mov+ ?us swiftly ?r\gh ! _w ) a sort ( impetu\s polit5ess2 almo/ l ! movem5t ( a man :o /umbles on "o knee half 9 ha/e & half 9 obeisance4 ,! eag] face "u ! br[n hood 0 t ( a man always go+ some:]e1 z if he foll[$ z well z wat*$ ! flight ( ! birds4 ,& ?is s5se ( motion is inde$ ! mean+ ( ! :ole revolution t he made2 = ! "w t has n[ to be describ$ 0 ( ! nature ( an e>?quake or a volcano1 an explosion t drove outw>ds ) dynamic en]gy ! =ces /or$ up by t5 c5turies 9 ! mona/ic =tress or ars5al & scatt]$ all its ri*es recklessly to ! ends ( ! e>?4 ,9 a bett] s5se ?an ! anti!sis commonly conveys1 x is true to say t :at ,/4 ,b5$ict _h /or$ ,/4 ,francis scatt]$2 b 9 ! _w ( spiritual ?+s :at _h be5 /or$ into ! b>ns l gra9 0 scatt]$ ov] ! _w z se$4 ,! s]vants ( ,god :o _h be5 a besieg$ g>rison became a m>*+ army2 ! ways ( ! _w 7 fill$ z ) ?und] ) ! trampl+ ( _! feet & f> ahead ( t ev] swell+ ho/ w5t a man s++2 z simply he _h sung t morn+ 9 ! w9t] woods1 :]e he walk$ alone4 ,*apt] ,,vii ,! ,?ree ,ord]s ,!re is und\bt$ly a s5se 9 :i* two is company & ?ree is none2 !re is also ano!r s5se 9 :i* ?ree is company & f\r is none1 z is prov$ by ! procession ( hi/oric & fictiti\s figures mov+ ?ree deep1 ! fam\s trios l ! ,?ree ,muskete]s or ! ,?ree ,soldi]s ( ,kipl+4 ,b !re is yet ano!r & a diff]5t s5se 9 :i* f\r is company & ?ree is none2 if we use ! ^w company 9 ! vagu] s5se ( a cr[d or a mass4 ,) ! f\r? man ent]s ! %ad[ ( a mob2 ! gr\p is no long] "o ( ?ree individuals only conceiv$ individually4 ,t %ad[ ( ! f\r? man fell across ! little h]mitage ( ! ,portiuncula :5 a man nam$ ,egidio1 app>5tly a poor workman1 0 invit$ by ,/4 ,francis to ent]4 ,he m+l$ )\t difficulty ) ! m]*ant & ! canon :o _h already become ! companions ( ,francis2 b ) 8 com+ an invisible l9e 0 cross$2 = x mu/ h be5 felt by ?is "t t ! gr[? ( t small gr\p _h become pot5tially inf9ite1 or at lea/ t its outl9e _h become p]man5tly indef9ite4 ,x may h be5 9 ! "t ( t transition t ,francis _h ano!r ( 8 dreams full ( voices2 b n[ ! voices 7 a clam\r ( ! tongues ( all nations1 ,fr5*m5 & ,italians & ,engli% & ,spani% & ,g]mans1 tell+ ( ! glory ( ,god ea* 9 8 own tongue2 a new ,p5teco/ & a happi] ,babel4 ,be=e describ+ ! fir/ /eps he took to regul>ise ! gr[+ gr\p1 x is well to h a r\gh grasp ( :at he conceiv$ t gr\p to be4 ,he did n call 8 foll[]s monks2 & x is n cle>1 at ?is "t at lea/1 t he ev5 ?\ght ( !m z monks4 ,he call$ !m by a "n :i* is g5]ally r5d]$ 9 ,engli% z ! ,fri>s ,m9or2 b we %all be mu* clos] to ! atmosph]e ( 8 own m9d if we r5d] x almo/ lit]ally z ,! ,little ,bro!rs4 ,presumably he 0 already resolv$1 inde$1 t !y %\ld take ! ?ree v[s ( pov]ty1 *a/ity & ob$i5ce :i* _h always be5 ! m>k ( a monk4 ,b x w\ld seem t he 0 n s mu* afraid ( ! idea ( a monk z ( ! idea ( an abbot4 ,he 0 afraid t ! great spiritual magi/racies :i* _h giv5 ev5 to _! holie/ possessors at lea/ a sort ( imp]sonal & corporate pride1 w\ld import an elem5t ( pomposity t w\ld spoil 8 extremely & almo/ extravagantly simple v]sion ( ! life ( humility4 ,b ! supreme diff]5ce betwe5 8 discipl9e & ! discipl9e ( ! old mona/ic sy/em 0 conc]n$1 ( c\rse1 ) ! idea t ! monks 7 to become migratory & almo/ nomadic in/ead ( /ation>y4 ,!y 7 to m+le ) ! _w2 & to ?is ! m old-fa%ion$ monk w\ld naturally reply by ask+ h[ !y 7 to m+le ) ! _w )\t becom+ entangl$ ) ! _w4 ,x 0 a mu* m real "q ?an a loose religiosity is likely to realise2 b ,/4 ,francis _h 8 answ] to x1 ( 8 own individual sort2 & ! int]e/ ( ! problem is 9 t highly individual answ]4 ,! good ,bi%op ( ,assisi express$ a sort ( horror at ! h>d life :i* ! ,little ,bro!rs liv$ at ! ,portiuncula1 )\t com=ts1 )\t possessions1 eat+ any?+ !y c\ld get & sleep+ anyh[ on ! gr\nd4 ,/4 ,francis answ]$ him ) t curi\s & almo/ /unn+ %rewdness :i* ! unworldly c sometimes wield l a club ( /one4 ,he said1 ,if we _h any possessions1 we %\ld ne$ weapons & laws to def5d !m4 ,t s5t5ce is ! clue to ! :ole policy t he pursu$4 ,x re/$ ^u a real piece ( logic2 & ab\t t he 0 nev] any?+ b logical4 ,he 0 ready to own himself wrong ab\t any?+ else2 b he 0 q c]ta9 he 0 "r ab\t ?is p>ticul> rule4 ,he 0 only once se5 angry2 & t 0 :5 !re 0 talk ( an exception to ! rule4 ,8 argum5t 0 ?is3 t ! d$icat$ man might g any:]e among any k9d ( m51 ev5 ! wor/ k9d ( m51 s long z !re 0 no?+ by :i* !y c\ld hold him4 ,if he _h any ties or ne$s l ord9>y m51 he w\ld become l ord9>y m54 ,/4 ,francis 0 ! la/ man 9 ! _w to ?9k any ! worse ( ord9>y m5 = be+ ord9>y4 ,!y _h m affection & admiration f him ?an !y are ev] likely to h aga94 ,b = 8 own p>ticul> purpose ( /irr+ up ! _w to a new spiritual en?usiasm1 he saw ) a logical cl>ity t 0 q rev]se ( fanatical or s5tim5tal1 t fri>s mu/ n become l ord9>y m52 t ! salt mu/ n lose its sav\r ev5 to turn into human nature's daily food4 ,& ! diff]5ce betwe5 a fri> & an ord9>y man 0 really t a fri> 0 fre] ?an an ord9>y man4 ,x 0 necess>y t he %\ld be free f ! cloi/]2 b x 0 ev5 m important t he %\ld be free f ! _w4 ,x is p]fectly s\nd common s5se to say t !re is a s5se 9 :i* ! ord9>y man _c be free f ! _w2 or r ought n to be free f ! _w4 ,! feudal _w 9 p>ticul> 0 "o labyr9?9e sy/em ( dep5d5ce2 b x 0 n only ! feudal _w t w5t to make up ! m$ieval _w nor ! m$ieval _w t w5t to make up ! :ole _w2 & ! :ole _w is full ( ?is fact4 ,family life z mu* z feudal life is 9 its nature a sy/em ( dep5d5ce4 ,mod]n trade unions z mu* z m$ieval guilds are int]dep5d5t among !mselves ev5 9 ord] to be indep5d5t ( o!rs4 ,9 m$ieval z 9 mod]n life1 ev5 :]e ^! limitations d exi/ = ! sake ( lib]ty1 !y h 9 !m a consid]able elem5t ( luck4 ,!y are p>tly ! result ( circum/ances2 sometimes ! almo/ unavoidable result ( circum/ances4 ,s ! twelf? c5tury _h be5 ! age ( v[s2 & !re 0 some?+ ( relative fre$om 9 t feudal ge/ure ( ! v[2 = no man asks v[s f slaves any m ?an f spades4 ,/ill1 9 practice1 a man rode to w> 9 support ( ! anci5t h\se ( ! ,column or beh9d ! ,great ,dog ( ! ,/airway l>gely because he _h be5 born 9 a c]ta9 city or c\ntryside4 ,b no man ne$ obey little ,francis 9 ! old br[n coat unless he *ose4 ,ev5 9 8 relations ) 8 *os5 lead] he 0 9 "o s5se relatively free1 comp>$ ) ! _w ar\nd him4 ,he 0 ob$i5t b n dep5d5t4 ,& he 0 z free z ! w9d1 he 0 almo/ wildly free1 9 8 relation to t _w ar\nd him4 ,! _w ar\nd him 01 z has be5 not$1 a network ( feudal & family & o!r =ms ( dep5d5ce4 ,! :ole idea ( ,/4 ,francis 0 t ! ,little ,bro!rs %\ld be l little fi%es :o c\ld g freely 9 & out ( t net4 ,!y c\ld d s precisely because !y 7 small fi%es & 9 t s5se ev5 slipp]y fi%es4 ,!re 0 no?+ t ! _w c\ld hold !m by2 = ! _w cat*es u mo/ly by ! fr+es ( our g>m5ts1 ! futile ext]nals ( our lives4 ,"o ( ! ,franciscans says lat]1 ,a monk %\ld own no?+ b 8 h>p2 mean+1 ,i suppose1 t he %\ld value no?+ b 8 song1 ! song ) :i* x 0 8 bus9ess z a m9/rel to s]5ade e ca/le & cottage1 ! song ( ! joy ( ! ,creator 9 8 creation & ! beauty ( ! bro!rhood ( m54 ,9 imag9+ ! life ( ?is sort ( vision>y vagabond1 we may already get a glimpse also ( ! practical side ( t asceticism :i* puzzles ^? :o ?9k !mselves practical4 ,a man _h to be ?9 to pass always ?r\gh ! b>s & out ( ! cage2 he _h to travel light 9 ord] to ride s fa/ & s f>4 ,x 0 ! :ole calculation1 s to speak1 ( t innoc5t cunn+1 t ! _w 0 to be outflank$ & outwitt$ by him1 & be emb>rass$ ab\t :at to d ) him4 ,y c\ld n ?reat5 to />ve a man :o 0 ev] /riv+ to fa/4 ,y c\ld n ru9 him & r$uce him to begg>y1 = he 0 already a begg>4 ,!re 0 a v lukew>m satisfaction ev5 9 beat+ him ) a /ick1 :5 he only indulg$ 9 little leaps & cries ( joy because indignity 0 8 only dignity4 ,y c\ld n put 8 head 9 a halt] )\t ! risk ( putt+ x 9 a halo4 ,b "o di/9ction betwe5 ! old monks & ! new fri>s c\nt$ especially 9 ! matt] ( practicality & especially ( promptitude4 ,! old frat]nities ) _! fix$ habitations & enclos$ exi/5ce _h ! limitations ( ord9>y h\sehold]s4 ,h[ev] simply !y liv$ !re mu/ be a c]ta9 numb] ( cells or a c]ta9 numb] ( b$s or at lea/ a c]ta9 cubic space = a c]ta9 numb] ( bro!rs2 _! numb]s !re=e dep5d$ on _! l& & build+ mat]ial4 ,b s9ce a man c\ld become a ,franciscan by m]ely promis+ to take 8 *ance ( eat+ b]ries 9 a lane or begg+ a cru/ f a kit*51 ( sleep+ "u a h$ge or sitt+ pati5tly on a door/ep1 !re 0 no economic reason :y !re %\ld n be any numb] ( su* ecc5tric en?usia/s )9 any %ort p]iod ( "t4 ,x mu/ also be rememb]$ t ! :ole ( ?is rapid developm5t 0 full ( a c]ta9 k9d ( democratic optimism t really 0 "p ( ! p]sonal "* ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,8 v asceticism 0 9 "o s5se ! height ( optimism4 ,he dem&$ a great deal ( human nature n because he despis$ x b r because he tru/$ x4 ,he 0 expect+ a v great deal f ! extraord9>y m5 :o foll[$ him2 b he 0 also expect+ a good deal f ! ord9>y m5 to :om he s5t !m4 ,he ask$ ! laity = food z confid5tly z he ask$ ! frat]nity = fa/+4 ,b he c\nt$ on ! hospitality ( humanity because he really did reg>d e h\se z ! h\se ( a fri5d4 ,he really did love & hon\r ord9>y m5 & ord9>y ?+s2 inde$ we may say t he only s5t out ! extraord9>y m5 to enc\rage m5 to be ord9>y4 ,?is p>adox may be m exactly /at$ or expla9$ :5 we come to deal ) ! v int]e/+ matt] ( ! ,?ird ,ord]1 :i* 0 design$ to assi/ ord9>y m5 to be ord9>y ) an extraord9>y exultation4 ,! po9t at issue at pres5t is ! audacity & simplicity ( ! ,franciscan plan = qu>t]+ its spiritual soldi]y ^u ! population2 n by =ce b by p]suasion1 & ev5 by ! p]suasion ( impot5ce4 ,x 0 an act ( confid5ce & !re=e a complim5t4 ,x 0 completely successful4 ,x 0 an example ( some?+ t clung ab\t ,/4 ,francis always2 a k9d ( tact t look$ l luck because x 0 z simple & direct z a ?und]bolt4 ,!re are _m examples 9 8 private relations ( ?is sort ( tactless tact2 ?is surprise effect$ by /rik+ at ! he>t ( ! matt]4 ,x is said t a "y fri> 0 suff]+ f a sort ( sulks betwe5 morbidity & humility1 common en\gh 9 y\? & h]o-wor%ip1 9 :i* he _h got x into 8 head t 8 h]o hat$ or despis$ him4 ,we c imag9e h[ tactfully social diplomati/s w\ld /e] cle> ( sc5es & excitem5ts1 h[ cauti\sly psy*ologi/s w\ld wat* & h&le su* delicate cases4 ,francis sudd5ly walk$ up to ! "y man1 :o 0 ( c\rse secretive & sil5t z ! grave1 & said1 ,be n tr\bl$ 9 y\r ?\ghts = y are de> to me1 & ev5 among ! numb] ( ^? :o are mo/ de>4 ,y "k t y are wor?y ( my fri5d%ip & society2 !re=e come to me1 9 confid5ce1 :5soev] y w1 & f fri5d%ip le>n fai?4 ,exactly z he spoke to t morbid boy he spoke to all mank9d4 ,he always w5t to ! po9t2 he always seem$ at once m "r & m simple ?an ! p]son he 0 speak+ to4 ,he seem$ at once to be lay+ op5 8 gu>d & yet lung+ at ! he>t4 ,some?+ 9 ?is attitude dis>m$ ! _w z x has nev] be5 dis>m$ aga94 ,he 0 bett] ?an o!r m52 he 0 a b5efactor ( o!r m52 & yet he 0 n hat$4 ,! _w came into *ur* by a new] & ne>] door2 & by fri5d%ip x le>nt fai?4 ,x 0 :ile ! little knot ( p at ! ,portiuncula 0 /ill small en\gh to ga!r 9 a small room t ,/4 ,francis resolv$ on 8 fir/ important & ev5 s5sational /roke4 ,x is said t !re 7 only twelve ,franciscans 9 ! :ole _w :5 he decid$ to m>*1 z x 71 on ,rome & f\nd a ,franciscan ord]4 ,x w\ld seem t ?is appeal to remote headqu>t]s 0 n g5]ally reg>d$ z necess>y2 possibly some?+ c\ld h be5 done 9 a second>y way "u ! ,bi%op ( ,assisi & ! local cl]gy4 ,x w\ld seem ev5 m probable t p ?\ght x some:at unnecess>y to tr\ble ! supreme tribunal ( ,*ri/5dom ab\t :at a doz5 *ance m5 *ose to call !mselves4 ,b ,francis 0 ob/9ate & z x 7 bl9d on ?is po9t2 & 8 brilliant bl9dness is exce$+ly *>act]i/ic ( him4 ,a man satisfi$ ) small ?+s1 or ev5 9 love ) small ?+s1 he yet nev] felt q z we d ab\t ! disproportion betwe5 small ?+s & l>ge4 ,he nev] saw ?+s to scale 9 our s5se1 b ) a dizzy disproportion :i* makes ! m9d reel4 ,sometimes x seems m]ely out ( draw+ l a gaily col\r$ m$ieval map2 & !n aga9 x seems to h escap$ f ev]y?+ l a %ort cut 9 ! f\r? dim5sion4 ,he is said to h made a j\rney to int]view ! ,emp]or1 ?ron$ among 8 armies "u ! eagle ( ! ,holy ,roman ,empire1 to int]c$e = ! lives ( c]ta9 little birds4 ,he 0 q capable ( fac+ fifty emp]ors to int]c$e = "o bird4 ,he />t$ out ) two companions to conv]t ! ,mahom$an _w4 ,he />t$ out ) elev5 companions to ask ! ,pope to make a new mona/ic _w4 ,innoc5t ,,iii41 ! great ,pope1 accord+ to ,bonav5tura1 0 walk+ on ! t]race ( ,/4 ,john ,lat]an1 d\btless revolv+ ! great political que/ions :i* tr\bl$ 8 reign1 :5 !re appe>$ abruptly be=e him a p]son 9 peasant co/ume :om he took to be "s sort ( %eph]d4 ,he appe>s to h got rid ( ! %eph]d ) all conv5i5t spe$2 possibly he =m$ ! op9ion t ! %eph]d 0 mad4 ,anyh[ he ?\ght no m ab\t x until1 says ! great ,franciscan biograph]1 he dream$ t night a /range dream4 ,he fanci$ t he saw ! :ole huge anci5t temple ( ,/4 ,john ,lat]an1 on ^: high t]races he _h walk$ s securely1 lean+ horribly & crook$ aga9/ ! sky z if all its domes & turrets 7 /oop+ be=e an e>?quake4 ,!n he look$ aga9 & saw t a human figure 0 hold+ x up l a liv+ c>yatid2 & ! figure 0 t ( ! ragg$ %eph]d or peasant f :om he _h turn$ away on ! t]race4 ,:e!r ?is be a fact or a figure x is a v true figure ( ! abrupt simplicity ) :i* ,francis won ! att5tion & ! fav\r ( ,rome4 ,8 fir/ fri5d seems to h be5 ! ,c>d9al ,giovanni di ,san ,paolo :o plead$ = ! ,franciscan idea be=e a conclave ( ,c>d9als summon$ = ! purpose4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ! d\bts ?r[n ^u x seem to h be5 *iefly d\bts ab\t :e!r ! rule 0 n too h>d = humanity1 = ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is always on ! wat* aga9/ excessive asceticism & its evils4 ,probably !y meant1 especially :5 !y said x 0 unduly h>d1 t x 0 unduly dang]\s4 ,= a c]ta9 elem5t t c only be call$ dang] is :at m>ks ! innovation z comp>$ ) old] in/itutions ( ! k9d4 ,9 "o s5se inde$ ! fri> 0 almo/ ! opposite ( ! monk4 ,! value ( ! old mona/icism _h be5 t !re 0 n only an e?ical b an economic repose4 ,out ( t repose _h come ! works = :i* ! _w w nev] be suffici5tly grateful1 ! pres]vation ( ! classics1 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,go?ic1 ! s*emes ( sci5ce & philosophies1 ! illum9at$ manuscripts & ! col\r$ glass4 ,! :ole po9t ( a monk 0 t 8 economic affairs 7 settl$ = good2 he knew :]e he w\ld get 8 supp]1 ?\gh x 0 a v pla9 supp]4 ,b ! :ole po9t ( a fri> 0 t he did n "k :]e he w\ld get 8 supp]4 ,!re 0 always a possibility t he might get no supp]4 ,!re 0 an elem5t ( :at w\ld be call$ romance1 z ( ! gipsy or adv5tur]4 ,b !re 0 also an elem5t ( pot5tial trag$y1 z ( ! tramp or ! casual lab\r]4 ,s ! ,c>d9als ( ! ?irte5? c5tury 7 fill$ ) compassion1 see+ a few m5 ent]+ ( _! own free w t e/ate to :i* ! poor ( ! tw5tie? c5tury are daily driv5 by cold co]cion & mov$ on by ! police4 ,c>d9al ,san ,paolo seems to h argu$ m or less 9 ?is mann]3 x may be a h>d life1 b aft] all x is ! life app>5tly describ$ z ideal 9 ! ,gospel2 make :at compromises y ?9k wise or humane ab\t t ideal2 b d n commit y\rselves to say+ t m5 %all n fulfil t ideal if !y c4 ,we %all see ! importance ( ?is argum5t :5 we come to ! :ole ( t high] aspect ( ! life ( ,/4 ,francis :i* may be call$ ! ,imitation ( ,*ri/4 ,! up%ot ( ! discussion 0 t ! ,pope gave 8 v]bal approval to ! project & promis$ a m def9ite endorsem5t1 if ! movem5t %\ld gr[ to m consid]able proportions4 ,x is probable t ,innoc5t1 :o 0 himself a man ( no ord9>y m5tality1 _h v little d\bt t x w\ld d s2 anyh[ he 0 n left long 9 d\bt be=e x did d s4 ,! next passage 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ord] is simply ! /ory ( m & m p flock+ to its /&>d2 & z has already be5 rem>k$1 once x _h begun to gr[1 x c\ld 9 its nature gr[ mu* m quickly ?an any ord9>y society requir+ ord9>y funds & public build+s4 ,ev5 ! return ( ! twelve pione]s f _! papal audi5ce seems to h be5 a sort ( triumphal procession4 ,9 "o place 9 p>ticul>1 x is said1 ! :ole population ( a t[n1 m51 wom5 & *ildr51 turn$ out1 leav+ _! "w & weal? & homes exactly z !y /ood & begg+ to be tak5 into ! army ( ,god on ! spot4 ,accord+ to ! /ory1 x 0 on ?is occasion t ,/4 ,francis fir/ =e%ad[$ 8 idea ( ! ,?ird ,ord] :i* enabl$ m5 to %>e 9 ! movem5t )\t leav+ ! homes & habits ( normal humanity4 ,= ! mom5t x is mo/ important to reg>d ?is /ory z "o example ( ! riot ( conv]sion ) :i* he 0 already fill+ all ! roads ( ,italy4 ,x 0 a _w ( w&]+2 fri>s p]petually com+ & go+ 9 all ! highways & byways1 seek+ to ensure t any man :o met "o ( !m by *ance %\ld h a spiritual adv5ture4 ,! ,fir/ ,ord] ( ,/4 ,francis _h ent]$ hi/ory4 ,?is r\gh outl9e c only be r\nd$ (f "h ) "s description ( ! ,second & ,?ird ,ord]s1 ?\gh !y 7 f\nd$ lat] & at sep>ate times4 ,! =m] 0 an ord] = wom5 & ow$ its exi/5ce1 ( c\rse1 to ! beautiful fri5d%ip ( ,/4 ,francis & ,/4 ,cl>e4 ,!re is no /ory ab\t :i* ev5 ! mo/ sympa!tic critics ( ano!r cre$ h be5 m bewild]$ & mislead+4 ,= !re is no /ory t m cle>ly turns on t simple te/ :i* ,i h tak5 z crucial ?r\gh\t ?is criticism4 ,i mean t :at is ! matt] ) ^! critics is t !y w n believe t a heav5ly love c be z real z an e>?ly love4 ,! mom5t x is treat$ z real1 l an e>?ly love1 _! :ole riddle is easily resolv$4 ,a girl ( sev5te51 nam$ ,cl>e & belong+ to "o ( ! noble families ( ,assisi1 0 fill$ ) an en?usiasm = ! conv5tual life2 & ,francis help$ h] to escape f h] home & to take up ! conv5tual life4 ,if we l to put x s1 he help$ h] to elope into ! cloi/]1 defy+ h] p>5ts z he _h defi$ 8 fa!r4 ,inde$ ! sc5e _h _m ( ! elem5ts ( a regul> romantic elopem5t2 = %e escap$ ?r\gh a hole 9 ! wall1 fl$ ?r\gh a wood & 0 receiv$ at midnight by ! light ( tor*es4 ,ev5 ,mrs4 ,oliphant1 9 h] f9e & delicate /udy ( ,/4 ,francis1 calls x an incid5t :i* we c h>dly record ) satisfaction4 ,n[ ab\t t incid5t ,i w "h only say ?is4 ,if x _h really be5 a romantic elopem5t & ! girl _h become a bride in/ead ( a nun1 practically ! :ole mod]n _w w\ld h made h] a h]o9e4 ,if ! action ( ! ,fri> t[>ds ,cl>e _h be5 ! action ( ! ,fri> t[>ds ,juliet1 ev]ybody w\ld be sympa?is+ ) h] exactly z !y sympa?ise ) ,juliet4 ,x is n conclusive to say t ,cl>e 0 only sev5te54 ,juliet 0 only f\rte54 ,girls m>ri$ & boys f\ght 9 battles at su* e>ly ages 9 m$ieval times2 & a girl ( sev5te5 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury 0 c]ta9ly old en\gh to "k h] own m9d4 ,!re _c be ! %ad[ ( a d\bt1 = any sane p]son consid]+ subsequ5t ev5ts1 t ,/4 ,cl>e did "k h] own m9d4 ,b ! po9t = ! mom5t is t mod]n romanticism entirely enc\rages su* defiance ( p>5ts :5 x is done 9 ! "n ( romantic love4 ,= x kn[s t romantic love is a reality1 b x does n "k t div9e love is a reality4 ,!re may h be5 some?+ to be said = ! p>5ts ( ,cl>e2 !re may h be5 some?+ to be said = ,pet] ,b]n>done4 ,s !re may h be5 a great deal to be said = ! ,montagues or ! ,capulets2 b ! mod]n _w does n want x said2 & does n say x4 ,! fact is t z soon z we assume = a mom5t z a hypo!sis1 :at ,/4 ,francis & ,/4 ,cl>e assum$ all ! "t z an absolute1 t !re is a direct div9e relation m glori\s ?an any romance1 ! /ory ( ,/4 ,cl>e's elopem5t is simply a romance ) a happy end+2 & ,/4 ,francis is ! ,/4 ,george or knight-errant :o gave x a happy end+4 ,& see+ t "s millions ( m5 & wom5 h liv$ & di$ treat+ ?is relation z a reality1 a man is n mu* ( a philosoph] if he _c ev5 treat x z a hypo!sis4 ,= ! re/1 we may at lea/ assume t no fri5d ( :at is call$ ! emancipation ( wom5 w regret ! revolt ( ,/4 ,cl>e4 ,%e did mo/ truly1 9 ! mod]n j>gon1 live h] own life1 ! life t %e h]self want$ to lead1 z di/9ct f ! life into :i* p>5tal comm&s & conv5tional arrangem5ts w\ld h =c$ h]4 ,%e became ! f\ndress ( a great fem99e movem5t :i* /ill pr(\ndly affects ! _w2 & h] place is ) ! p[]ful wom5 ( hi/ory4 ,x is n cle> t %e w\ld h be5 s great or s useful if %e _h made a runaway mat*1 or ev5 /opp$ at home & made a m>iage de conv5ance4 ,s mu* any s5sible man may well say consid]+ ! matt] m]ely f ! outside2 & ,i h no int5tion ( attempt+ to consid] x f ! inside4 ,if a man may well d\bt :e!r he is wor?y to write a ^w ab\t ,/4 ,francis1 he w c]ta9ly want words bett] ?an 8 own to speak ( ! fri5d%ip ( ,/4 ,francis & ,/4 ,cl>e4 ,i h (t5 rem>k$ t ! my/]ies ( ?is /ory are be/ express$ symbolically 9 c]ta9 sil5t attitudes & actions4 ,& ,i "k no bett] symbol ?an t f\nd by ! felicity ( popul> leg5d1 :i* says t "o night ! p ( ,assisi ?\ght ! trees & ! holy h\se 7 on fire1 & ru%$ up to ext+ui% ! conflagration4 ,b !y f\nd all quiet )91 :]e ,/4 ,francis broke bread ) ,/4 ,cl>e at "o ( _! r>e meet+s1 & talk$ ( ! love ( ,god4 ,x w\ld be h>d to f9d a m imag9ative image1 = "s sort ( utt]ly pure & disembodi$ passion1 ?an t r$ halo r\nd ! unconsci\s figures on ! hill2 a flame fe$+ on no?+ & sett+ ! v air on fire4 ,b if ! ,second ,ord] 0 ! memorial ( su* an une>?ly love1 ! ,?ird ,ord] 0 z solid a memorial ( a v solid sympa?y ) e>?ly loves & e>?ly lives4 ,! :ole ( ?is feature 9 ,ca?olic life1 ! lay ord]s 9 t\* ) cl]ical ord]s1 is v little und]/ood 9 ,prote/ant c\ntries & v little all[$ = 9 ,prote/ant hi/ory4 ,! vision :i* has be5 s fa9tly sugge/$ 9 ^! pages has nev] be5 conf9$ to monks or ev5 to fri>s4 ,x has be5 an inspiration to innum]able cr[ds ( ord9>y m>ri$ m5 & wom52 liv+ lives l our own1 only entirely diff]5t4 ,t morn+ glory :i* ,/4 ,francis spread ov] e>? & sky has l+]$ z a secret sun%9e "u a multitude ( ro(s & 9 a multitude ( rooms4 ,9 societies l ours no?+ is kn[n ( su* a ,franciscan foll[+4 ,no?+ is kn[n ( su* obscure foll[]s2 & if possible less is kn[n ( ! well-kn[n foll[]s4 ,if we imag9e pass+ u 9 ! /reet a pageant ( ! ,?ird ,ord] ( ,/4 ,francis1 ! fam\s figures w\ld surprise u m ?an ! /range ones4 ,= u x w\ld be l ! unmask+ ( "s mighty secret society4 ,!re rides ,/4 ,l\is1 ! great k+1 "l ( ! high] ju/ice ^: scales hang crook$ 9 fav\r ( ! poor4 ,!re is ,dante cr[n$ ) laurel1 ! poet :o 9 8 life ( passions sang ! praises ( ! ,lady ,pov]ty1 ^: grey g>m5t is l9$ ) purple & all glori\s )94 ,all sorts ( great names f ! mo/ rec5t & rationali/ic c5turies w\ld /& reveal$2 ! great ,galvani1 = in/ance1 ! fa!r ( all electricity1 ! magician :o has made s _m mod]n sy/ems ( />s & s\nds4 ,s v>i\s a foll[+ w\ld alone be en\gh to prove t ,/4 ,francis _h no lack ( sympa?y ) normal m51 if ! :ole ( 8 own life did n prove x4 ,b 9 fact 8 life did prove x1 & t possibly 9 a m subtle s5se4 ,!re is1 ,i fancy1 "s tru? 9 ! h9t ( "o ( 8 mod]n biograph]s1 t ev5 8 natural passions 7 s+ul>ly normal & ev5 noble1 9 ! s5se ( turn+ t[>ds ?+s n unlawful 9 !mselves b only unlawful = him4 ,nobody ev] liv$ ( :om we c\ld less fitly use ! ^w regret ?an ,francis ( ,assisi4 ,?\gh !re 0 mu* t 0 romantic1 !re 0 no?+ 9 ! lea/ s5tim5tal ab\t 8 mood4 ,x 0 n melan*oly en\gh = t4 ,he 0 ( f> too swift & ru%+ a temp] to be tr\bl$ ) d\bts & reconsid]ations ab\t ! race he ran2 ?\gh he _h any am\nt ( self-reproa* ab\t n runn+ fa/]4 ,b x is true1 "o suspects1 t :5 he wre/l$ ) ! devil1 z e man mu/ to be wor? call+ a man1 ! :isp]s ref]r$ mo/ly to ^? heal?y in/9cts t he w\ld h approv$ = o!rs2 !y bore no resemblance to t gha/ly pa9t$ paganism :i* s5t its demoniac c\rtesans to plague ,/4 ,an?ony 9 ! des]t4 ,if ,/4 ,francis _h only pleas$ himself1 x w\ld h be5 ) simpl] pleasures4 ,he 0 mov$ to love r ?an lu/1 & by no?+ wild] ?an w$d+-bells4 ,x is sugge/$ 9 t /range /ory ( h[ he defi$ ! devil by mak+ images 9 ! sn[1 & cry+ out t ^! suffic$ him = a wife & family4 ,x is sugge/$ 9 ! say+ he us$ :5 disclaim+ any security f s91 ,i may yet h *ildr52 almo/ z if x 0 ( ! *ildr5 r ?an ! woman t he dream$4 ,& ?is1 if x be true1 gives a f9al t\* to ! tru? ab\t 8 "*4 ,!re 0 s mu* ab\t him ( ! _s ( ! morn+1 s mu* t 0 curi\sly "y & clean1 t ev5 :at 0 bad 9 him 0 good4 ,z x 0 said ( o!rs t ! light 9 _! body 0 d>kness1 s x may be said ( ?is lum9\s _s t ! v %ad[s 9 8 s\l 7 ( light4 ,evil itself c\ld n come to him save 9 ! =m ( a =bidd5 good2 & he c\ld only be tempt$ by a sacram5t4 ,*apt] ,,viii ,! ,mirror ( ,*ri/ ,no man :o has be5 giv5 ! fre$om ( ! ,fai? is likely to fall into ^? hole-&-corn] extravagances 9 :i* lat] deg5]ate ,franciscans1 or r ,fraticelli1 s\ght to conc5trate entirely on ,/4 ,francis z a second ,*ri/1 ! creator ( a new gospel4 ,9 fact any su* notion makes nons5se ( e motive 9 ! man's life2 = no man w\ld rev]5tly magnify :at he 0 meant to rival1 or only pr(ess to foll[ :at he exi/$ to supplant4 ,on ! contr>y1 z w appe> lat]1 ?is little /udy w\ld r specially insi/ t x 0 really ! papal sagacity t sav$ ! great ,franciscan movem5t = ! :ole _w & ! univ]sal ,*ur*1 & prev5t$ x f pet]+ out z t sort ( /ale & second-rate sect t is call$ a new religion4 ,ev]y?+ t is writt5 "h mu/ be und]/ood n only z di/9ct f b diametrically oppos$ to ! idolatry ( ! ,fraticelli4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ,*ri/ & ,/4 ,francis 0 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,creator & ! creature2 & c]ta9ly no creature 0 ev] s consci\s ( t colossal contra/ z ,/4 ,francis himself4 ,b subject to ?is und]/&+1 x is p]fectly true & x is vitally important t ,*ri/ 0 ! patt]n on :i* ,/4 ,francis s\ght to fa%ion himself2 & t at _m po9ts _! human & hi/orical lives 7 ev5 curi\sly co9cid5t2 & above all1 t comp>$ to mo/ ( u at lea/ ,/4 ,francis is a mo/ sublime approximation to 8 ,ma/]1 &1 ev5 9 be+ an int]m$i>y & a reflection1 is a spl5did & yet a m]ciful ,mirror ( ,*ri/4 ,& ?is tru? sugge/s ano!r1 :i* ,i ?9k has h>dly be5 notic$2 b :i* happ5s to be a highly =cible argum5t = ! au?ority ( ,*ri/ be+ cont9u\s 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,c>d9al ,newman wrote 9 8 livelie/ controv]sial "w a s5t5ce t might be a model ( :at we mean by say+ t 8 cre$ t5ds to lucidity & logical c\rage4 ,9 speak+ ( ! ease ) :i* tru? may be made to look l its own %ad[ or %am1 he said1 ,& if ,anti*ri/ is l ,*ri/1 ,*ri/ ,i suppose is l ,anti*ri/4 ,m]e religi\s s5tim5t might well be %ock$ at ! end ( ! s5t5ce2 b nobody c\ld object to x except ! logician :o said t ,cs> & ,pompey 7 v mu* alike1 especially ,pompey4 ,x may give a mu* mild] %ock if ,i say "h1 :at mo/ ( u h =gott51 t if ,/4 ,francis 0 l ,*ri/1 ,*ri/ 0 to t ext5t l ,/4 ,francis4 ,& my pres5t po9t is t x is really v enlight5+ to realise t ,*ri/ 0 l ,/4 ,francis4 ,:at ,i mean is ?is2 t if m5 f9d c]ta9 riddles & h>d say+s 9 ! /ory ( ,galilee1 & if !y f9d ! answ]s to ^? riddles 9 ! /ory ( ,assisi1 x really does %[ t a secret has be5 h&$ d[n 9 "o religi\s tradition & no o!r4 ,x %[s t ! casket t 0 lock$ 9 ,pale/9e c be unlock$ 9 ,umbria2 = ! ,*ur* is ! keep] ( ! keys4 ,n[ 9 tru? :ile x has always seem$ natural to expla9 ,/4 ,francis 9 ! light ( ,*ri/1 x has n occurr$ to _m p to expla9 ,*ri/ 9 ! light ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,p]haps ! ^w light is n "h ! prop] metaphor2 b ! same tru? is admitt$ 9 ! accept$ metaphor ( ! mirror4 ,/4 ,francis is ! mirror ( ,*ri/ r z ! moon is ! mirror ( ! sun4 ,! moon is mu* small] ?an ! sun1 b x is also mu* ne>] to u2 & be+ less vivid x is m visible4 ,exactly 9 ! same s5se ,/4 ,francis is ne>] to u1 & be+ a m]e man l ourselves is 9 t s5se m imag9able4 ,be+ necess>ily less ( a my/]y1 he does n1 = u1 s mu* op5 8 m\? 9 my/]ies4 ,yet z a matt] ( fact1 _m m9or ?+s t seem my/]ies 9 ! m\? ( ,*ri/ w\ld seem m]ely *>act]i/ic p>adoxes 9 ! m\? ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,x seems natural to re-read ! m remote incid5ts ) ! help ( ! m rec5t ones4 ,x is a truism to say t ,*ri/ liv$ be=e ,*ri/ianity2 & x foll[s t z an hi/orical figure ,he is a figure 9 hea!n hi/ory4 ,i mean t ! m$ium 9 :i* ,he mov$ 0 n ! m$ium ( ,*ri/5dom b ( ! old pagan empire2 & f t alone1 n to m5tion ! di/ance ( "t1 x foll[s t ,8 circum/ances are m ali5 to u ?an ^? ( an ,italian monk su* z we might meet ev5 to-day4 ,i suppose ! mo/ au?oritative comm5t>y c h>dly be c]ta9 ( ! curr5t or conv5tional weight ( all ,8 words or phrases2 ( :i* ( !m w\ld !n h seem$ a common allusion & :i* a /range fancy4 ,?is ar*aic sett+ has left _m ( ! say+s /&+ l hi]oglyphics & subject to _m & peculi> individual int]pretations4 ,yet x is true ( almo/ any ( !m t if we simply translate !m into ! ,umbrian dialect ( ! fir/ ,franciscans1 !y w\ld seem l any o!r "p ( ! ,franciscan /ory2 d\btless 9 "o s5se fanta/ic1 b q famili>4 ,all sorts ( critical controv]sies h revolv$ r\nd ! passage :i* bids m5 consid] ! lilies ( ! field & copy !m 9 tak+ no ?\ght = ! morr[4 ,! sceptic has alt]nat$ betwe5 tell+ u to be true ,*ri/ians & d x1 & expla9+ t x is impossible to d4 ,:5 he is a communi/ z well z an a!i/1 he is g5]ally d\btful :e!r to blame u = prea*+ :at is impracticable or = n in/antly putt+ x into practice4 ,i am n go+ to discuss "h ! po9t ( e?ics & economics2 ,i m]ely rem>k t ev5 ^? :o are puzzl$ at ! say+ ( ,*ri/ w\ld h>dly pause 9 accept+ x z a say+ ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,nobody w\ld be surpris$ to f9d t he _h said1 ,i besee* y1 little bro!rs1 t y be z wise z ,bro!r ,daisy & ,bro!r ,d&elion2 = nev] d !y lie awake ?9k+ ( to-morr[1 yet !y h gold cr[ns l k+s & emp]ors or l ,*>lemagne 9 all 8 glory4 ,ev5 m bitt]ness & bewild]m5t has aris5 ab\t ! comm& to turn ! o!r *eek & to give ! coat to ! robb] :o has tak5 ! cloak4 ,x is widely held to imply ! wick$ness ( w> among nations2 ab\t :i*1 9 itself1 n a ^w seems to h be5 said4 ,tak5 ?us lit]ally & univ]sally1 x mu* m cle>ly implies ! wick$ness ( all law & gov]nm5t4 ,yet !re are _m prosp]\s peacemak]s :o are mu* m %ock$ at ! idea ( us+ ! brute =ce ( soldi]s aga9/ a p[]ful =eign] ?an !y are at us+ ! brute =ce ( policem5 aga9/ a poor fell[-citiz54 ,"h aga9 ,i am cont5t to po9t out t ! p>adox becomes p]fectly human & probable if address$ by ,francis to ,franciscans4 ,nobody w\ld be surpris$ to read t ,bro!r ,junip] did !n run aft] ! ?ief t _h /ol5 8 hood1 besee*+ him to take 8 g[n also2 = s ,/4 ,francis _h comm&$ him4 ,nobody w\ld be surpris$ if ,/4 ,francis told a "y noble1 ab\t to be admitt$ to 8 company1 t s f> f pursu+ a brig& to recov] 8 %oes1 he ought to pursue him to make him a pres5t ( 8 /ock+s4 ,we may l or n ! atmosph]e ^! ?+s imply2 b we "k :at atmosph]e !y d imply4 ,we recognise a c]ta9 note z natural & cle> z ! note ( a bird2 ! note ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,!re is 9 x some?+ ( g5tle mock]y ( ! v idea ( possessions2 some?+ ( a hope ( dis>m+ ! enemy by g5]osity2 some?+ ( a humor\s s5se ( bewild]+ ! worldly ) ! unexpect$2 some?+ ( ! joy ( c>ry+ an en?usia/ic conviction to a logical extreme4 ,b anyh[ we h no difficulty 9 recognis+ x1 if we h read any ( ! lit]ature ( ! ,little ,bro!rs & ! movem5t t began 9 ,assisi4 ,x seems reasonable to inf] t if x 0 ?is _s t made su* /range ?+s possible 9 ,umbria1 x 0 ! same _s t made !m possible 9 ,pale/9e4 ,if we he> ! same unmi/akable note & s5se ! same indescribable sav\r 9 two ?+s at su* a di/ance f ea* o!r1 x seems natural to suppose t ! case t is m remote f our exp]i5ce 0 l ! case t is clos] to our exp]i5ce4 ,z ! ?+ is explicable on ! assumption t ,francis 0 speak+ to ,franciscans1 x is n an irrational explanation to sugge/ t ,*ri/ also 0 speak+ to "s d$icat$ b& t _h mu* ! same function z ,franciscans4 ,9 o!r words1 x seems only natural to hold1 z ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* has held1 t ^! c\nsels ( p]fection 7 "p ( a p>ticul> vocation to a/oni% & awak5 ! _w4 ,b 9 any case x is important to note t :5 we d f9d ^! p>ticul> features1 ) _! seem+ly fanta/ic fitness1 reappe>+ aft] m ?an a ?\s& ye>s1 we f9d !m produc$ by ! same religi\s sy/em :i* claims cont9uity & au?ority f ! sc5es 9 :i* !y fir/ appe>$4 ,any numb] ( philosophies w repeat ! platitudes ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,b x is ! anci5t ,*ur* t c aga9 />tle ! _w ) ! p>adoxes ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,ubi ,petrus ibi ,franciscus4 ,b if we und]/& t x 0 truly "u ! inspiration ( 8 div9e ,ma/] t ,/4 ,francis did ^! m]ely qua9t or ecc5tric acts ( *>ity1 we mu/ und]/& t x 0 "u ! same inspiration t he did acts ( self-d5ial & au/]ity4 ,x is cle> t ^! m or less playful p>ables ( ! love ( m5 7 conceiv$ aft] a close /udy ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,b x is evid5t t he made an ev5 clos] /udy ( ! sil5t s]mon on t o!r m\nta92 ! m\nta9 t 0 call$ ,golgo?a4 ,"h aga9 he 0 speak+ ! /rict hi/orical tru?1 :5 he said t 9 fa/+ or suff]+ humiliation he 0 b try+ to d some?+ ( :at ,*ri/ did2 & "h aga9 x seems probable t z ! same tru? appe>s at ! two ends ( a *a9 ( tradition1 ! tradition has pres]v$ ! tru?4 ,b ! import ( ?is fact at ! mom5t affects ! next phase 9 ! p]sonal hi/ory ( ! man himself4 ,= z x becomes cle>] t 8 great communal s*eme is an accompli%$ fact & pa/ ! p]il ( an e>ly collapse1 z x becomes evid5t t !re already is su* a ?+ z an ,ord] ( ! ,fri>s ,m9or1 ?is m individual & int5se ambition ( ,/4 ,francis em]ges m & m4 ,s soon z he c]ta9ly has foll[]s1 he does n comp>e himself ) 8 foll[]s1 t[>ds :om he might appe> z a ma/]2 he comp>es himself m & m ) 8 ,ma/]1 t[>ds :om he appe>s only z a s]vant4 ,?is1 x may be said 9 pass+1 is "o ( ! moral & ev5 practical conv5i5ces ( ! ascetical privilege4 ,e o!r sort ( sup]iority may be sup]cili\sness4 ,b ! sa9t is nev] sup]cili\s1 = he is always by hypo!sis 9 ! pres5ce ( a sup]ior4 ,! objection to an ari/ocracy is t x is a prie/hood )\t a god4 ,b 9 any case ! s]vice to :i* ,/4 ,francis _h committ$ himself 0 "o :i*1 ab\t ?is "t1 he conceiv$ m & m 9 t]ms ( sacrifice & crucifixion4 ,he 0 full ( ! s5tim5t t he _h n suff]$ en\gh to be wor?y ev5 to be a di/ant foll[] ( 8 suff]+ ,god4 ,& ?is passage 9 8 hi/ory may really be r\ghly summ>is$ z ! ,se>* = ,m>tyrdom4 ,?is 0 ! ultimate idea 9 ! rem>kable bus9ess ( 8 exp$ition among ! ,s>ac5s 9 ,syria4 ,!re 7 inde$ o!r elem5ts 9 8 conception1 :i* are wor?y ( m intellig5t und]/&+ ?an !y h (t5 receiv$4 ,8 idea1 ( c\rse1 0 to br+ ! ,crusades 9 a d\ble s5se to _! end2 t is1 to rea* _! conclusion & to a*ieve _! purpose4 ,only he wi%$ to d x by conv]sion & n by conque/2 t is1 by intellectual & n mat]ial means4 ,! mod]n m9d is h>d to please2 & x g5]ally calls ! way ( ,godfrey f]oci\s & ! way ( ,francis fanatical4 ,t is1 x calls any moral me?od unpractical1 :5 x has j call$ any practical me?od immoral4 ,b ! idea ( ,/4 ,francis 0 f> f be+ a fanatical or necess>ily ev5 an unpractical idea2 ?\gh p]haps he saw ! problem z r too simple1 lack+ ! le>n+ ( 8 great inh]itor ,raymond ,lully1 :o und]/ood m b has be5 q z little und]/ood4 ,! way he approa*$ ! matt] 0 inde$ highly p]sonal & peculi>2 b t 0 true ( almo/ ev]y?+ he did4 ,x 0 9 "o way a simple idea1 z mo/ ( 8 ideas 7 simple ideas4 ,b x 0 n a silly idea2 !re 0 a great deal to be said = x & x might h succe$$4 ,x 01 ( c\rse1 simply ! idea t x is bett] to create ,*ri/ians ?an to de/roy ,moslems4 ,if ,islam _h be5 conv]t$1 ! _w w\ld h be5 immeasurably m unit$ & happy2 = "o ?+1 ?ree qu>t]s ( ! w>s ( mod]n hi/ory w\ld nev] h tak5 place4 ,x 0 n absurd to suppose t ?is might be effect$1 )\t milit>y =ce1 by mission>ies :o 7 also m>tyrs4 ,! ,*ur* _h conqu]$ ,europe 9 t way & may yet conqu] ,asia or ,africa 9 t way4 ,b :5 all ?is is all[$ =1 !re is /ill ano!r s5se 9 :i* ,/4 ,francis 0 n ?9k+ ( ,m>tyrdom z a means to an end1 b almo/ z an end 9 itself2 9 ! s5se t to him ! supreme end 0 to come clos] to ! example ( ,*ri/4 ,?r\gh all 8 plung+ & re/less days ran ! refra93 ,i h n suff]$ en\gh2 ,i h n sacrific$ en\gh2 ,i am n yet wor?y ev5 ( ! %ad[ ( ! cr[n ( ?orns4 ,he w&]$ ab\t ! valleys ( ! _w look+ = ! hill t has ! outl9e ( a skull4 ,a little :ile be=e 8 f9al dep>ture = ! ,ea/ a va/ & triumphant assembly ( ! :ole ord] _h be5 held ne> ! ,portiuncula2 & call$ ,! ,assembly ( ! ,/raw ,huts1 f ! mann] 9 :i* t mighty army encamp$ 9 ! field4 ,tradition says t x 0 on ?is occasion t ,/4 ,francis met ,/4 ,dom9ic = ! fir/ & la/ "t4 ,x also says1 :at is probable en\gh1 t ! practical _s ( ! ,spani>d 0 almo/ appall$ at ! dev\t irresponsibility ( ! ,italian1 :o _h assembl$ su* a cr[d )\t organis+ a commiss>iat4 ,dom9ic ! ,spani>d 01 l ne>ly e ,spani>d1 a man ) ! m9d ( a soldi]4 ,8 *>ity took ! practical =m ( provision & prep>ation4 ,b1 ap>t f ! disputes ab\t fai? :i* su* incid5ts op51 he probably did n und]/& 9 ?is case ! p[] ( m]e popul>ity produc$ by m]e p]sonality4 ,9 all 8 leaps 9 ! d>k1 ,francis _h an extraord9>y faculty ( fall+ on 8 feet4 ,! :ole c\ntryside came d[n l a l&slide to provide food & dr9k = ?is sort ( pi\s picnic4 ,peasants br\ght waggons ( w9e & game2 great nobles walk$ ab\t do+ ! "w ( footm54 ,x 0 a v real victory = ! ,franciscan _s ( a reckless fai? n only 9 ,god b 9 man4 ,( c\rse !re is mu* d\bt & dispute ab\t ! :ole /ory & ! :ole relation ( ,francis & ,dom9ic2 & ! /ory ( ! ,assembly ( ! ,/raw ,huts is told f ! ,franciscan side4 ,b ! alleg$ meet+ is wor? m5tion+1 precisely because x 0 imm$iately be=e ,/4 ,francis set =? on 8 bloodless crusade t he is said to h met ,/4 ,dom9ic1 :o has be5 s mu* criticis$ = l5d+ himself to a m bloody "o4 ,!re is no space 9 ?is little book to expla9 h[ ,/4 ,francis1 z mu* z ,/4 ,dom9ic1 w\ld ultimately h def5d$ ! def5ce ( ,*ri/ian unity by arms4 ,inde$ x w\ld ne$ a l>ge book in/ead ( a little book to develop t po9t alone f its fir/ pr9ciples4 ,= ! mod]n m9d is m]ely a blank ab\t ! philosophy ( tol]ation2 & ! av]age agno/ic ( rec5t times has really _h no notion ( :at he meant by religi\s lib]ty & equality4 ,he took 8 own e?ics z self-evid5t & en=c$ !m2 su* z dec5cy or ! error ( ! ,adamite h]esy4 ,!n he 0 horribly %ock$ if he he>d ( anybody else1 ,moslem or ,*ri/ian1 tak+ 8 e?ics z self-evid5t & en=c+ !m2 su* z rev]5ce or ! error ( ! ,a!i/ h]esy4 ,& !n he w\nd up by tak+ all ?is lop-sid$ illogical deadlock1 ( ! unconsci\s meet+ ! unfamili>1 & call$ x ! lib]ality ( 8 own m9d4 ,m$ieval m5 ?\ght t if a social sy/em 0 f\nd$ on a c]ta9 idea x mu/ fight = t idea1 :e!r x 0 z simple z ,islam or z c>efully balanc$ z ,ca?olicism4 ,mod]n m5 really ?9k ! same ?+1 z is cle> :5 communi/s attack _! ideas ( prop]ty4 ,only !y d n ?9k x s cle>ly1 because !y h n really ?\ght out _! idea ( prop]ty4 ,b :ile x is probable t ,/4 ,francis w\ld h reluctantly agre$ ) ,/4 ,dom9ic t w> = ! tru? 0 "r 9 ! la/ resort1 x is c]ta9 t ,/4 ,dom9ic did en?usia/ically agree ) ,/4 ,francis t x 0 f> bett] to prevail by p]suasion & enlight5m5t if x 7 possible4 ,/4 ,dom9ic devot$ himself mu* m to p]suad+ ?an to p]secut+2 b !re 0 a diff]5ce 9 ! me?ods simply because !re 0 a diff]5ce 9 ! m54 ,ab\t ev]y?+ ,/4 ,francis did !re 0 some?+ t 0 9 a good s5se *ildi%1 & ev5 9 a good s5se wilful4 ,he ?rew himself into ?+s abruptly1 z if !y _h j occurr$ to him4 ,he made a da% = 8 ,m$it]ranean ent]prise ) some?+ ( ! air ( a s*oolboy runn+ away to sea4 ,9 ! fir/ act ( t attempt he *>act]i/ically di/+ui%$ himself by becom+ ! ,patron ,sa9t ( ,/[aways4 ,he nev] ?\ght ( wait+ = introductions or b>ga9s or any ( ! consid]able back+ t he already _h f ri* & responsible p4 ,he simply saw a boat & ?rew himself into x1 z he ?rew himself into ev]y?+ else4 ,x has all t air ( runn+ a race :i* makes 8 :ole life read l an escapade or ev5 lit]ally an escape4 ,he lay l lumb] among ! c>go1 ) "o companion :om he _h swept ) him 9 8 ru%2 b ! voyage 0 app>5tly un=tunate & erratic & end$ 9 an en=c$ return to ,italy4 ,app>5tly x 0 aft] ?is fir/ false />t t ! great re-union took place at ! ,portiuncula1 & betwe5 ?is & ! f9al ,syrian j\rney !re 0 also an attempt to meet ! ,moslem m5ace by prea*+ to ! ,moors 9 ,spa94 ,9 ,spa9 inde$ sev]al ( ! fir/ ,franciscans _h already succe$$ glori\sly 9 be+ m>tyr$4 ,b ! great ,francis /ill w5t ab\t /ret*+ out 8 arms = su* torm5ts & desir+ t agony 9 va94 ,no "o w\ld h said m readily ?an he t he 0 probably less l ,*ri/ ?an ^? o!rs :o _h already f\nd _! ,calv>y2 b ! ?+ rema9$ ) him l a secret2 ! /range/ ( ! sorr[s ( man4 ,8 lat] voyage 0 m successful1 s f> z arriv+ at ! sc5e ( op]ations 0 conc]n$4 ,he arriv$ at ! headqu>t]s ( ! ,crusade :i* 0 9 front ( ! besieg$ city ( ,damietta1 & w5t on 9 8 rapid & solit>y fa%ion to seek ! headqu>t]s ( ! ,s>ac5s4 ,he succe$$ 9 obta9+ an int]view ) ! ,sultan2 & x 0 at t int]view t he evid5tly (f]$1 & z "s say proce$$1 to fl+ himself into ! fire z a div9e ordeal1 defy+ ! ,moslem religi\s tea*]s to d ! same4 ,x is q c]ta9 t he w\ld h done s at a mom5t's notice4 ,inde$ ?r[+ himself into ! fire 0 h>dly m desp]ate1 9 any case1 ?an ?r[+ himself among ! weapons & tools ( torture ( a horde ( fanatical ,mahom$ans & ask+ !m to r5\nce ,mahomet4 ,x is said fur!r t ! ,mahom$an muftis %[$ "s coldness t[>ds ! propos$ competition1 & t "o ( !m quietly )drew :ile x 0 "u discussion2 :i* w\ld also appe> cr$ible4 ,b = :atev] reason ,francis evid5tly return$ z freely z he came4 ,!re may be some?+ 9 ! /ory ( ! individual impression produc$ on ! ,sultan1 :i* ! n>rator repres5ts z a sort ( secret conv]sion4 ,!re may be some?+ 9 ! sugge/ion t ! holy man 0 unconsci\sly protect$ among half-b>b>\s ori5tals by ! halo ( sanctity t is suppos$ 9 su* places to surr\nd an idiot4 ,!re is probably z mu* or m 9 ! m g5]\s explanation ( t graceful ?\gh caprici\s c\rtesy & compassion :i* m+l$ ) wild] ?+s 9 ! /ately ,soldans ( ! type & tradition ( ,salad94 ,f9ally1 !re is p]haps some?+ 9 ! sugge/ion t ! tale ( ,/4 ,francis might be told z a sort ( ironic trag$y & com$y call$ ,! ,man ,:o ,c\ld ,n ,get ,kill$4 ,m5 lik$ him too mu* = himself to let him die = 8 fai?2 & ! man 0 receiv$ in/ead ( ! message4 ,b all ^! are only conv]g+ guesses at a great ef=t t is h>d to judge1 because x broke (f %ort l ! beg9n+s ( a great bridge t might h unit$ ,ea/ & ,we/1 & rema9s "o ( ! great might-h-be5s ( hi/ory4 ,mean:ile ! great movem5t 9 ,italy 0 mak+ giant /rides4 ,back$ n[ by papal au?ority z well z popul> en?usiasm1 & creat+ a k9d ( comrade%ip among all classes1 x _h />t$ a riot ( recon/ruction on all sides ( religi\s & social life2 & especially began to express itself 9 t en?usiasm = build+ :i* is ! m>k ( all ! resurrections ( ,we/]n ,europe4 ,!re _h notably be5 e/abli%$ at ,bologna a magnific5t mission h\se ( ! ,fri>s ,m9or2 & a va/ body ( !m & _! sympa?is]s surr\nd$ x ) a *orus ( acclamation4 ,_! unanimity _h a /range int]ruption4 ,"o man alone 9 t cr[d 0 se5 to turn & sudd5ly d5\nce ! build+ z if x _h be5 a ,babylonian temple2 dem&+ indignantly s9ce :5 ! ,lady ,pov]ty _h ?us be5 insult$ ) ! luxury ( palaces4 ,x 0 ,francis1 a wild figure1 return$ f 8 ,ea/]n ,crusade2 & x 0 ! fir/ & la/ "t t he spoke 9 wra? to 8 *ildr54 ,a ^w mu/ be said lat] ab\t ?is s]i\s division ( s5tim5t & policy1 ab\t :i* _m ,franciscans1 & to "s ext5t ,francis himself1 p>t$ company ) ! m mod]ate policy :i* ultimately prevail$4 ,at ?is po9t we ne$ only note x z ano!r %ad[ fall5 ^u 8 _s aft] 8 disappo9tm5t 9 ! des]t2 & z 9 "s s5se ! prelude to ! next phase ( 8 c>e]1 :i* is ! mo/ isolat$ & ! mo/ my/]i\s4 ,x is true t ev]y?+ ab\t ?is episode seems to be cov]$ ) "s cl\d ( dispute1 ev5 includ+ its date2 "s writ]s putt+ x mu* e>li] 9 ! n>rative ?an ?is4 ,b :e!r or no x 0 *ronologically x 0 c]ta9ly logically ! culm9ation ( ! /ory1 & may be/ be indicat$ "h4 ,i say indicat$ = x mu/ be a matt] ( little m ?an indication2 ! ?+ be+ a my/]y bo? 9 ! high] moral & ! m trivial hi/orical s5se4 ,anyh[ ! conditions ( ! affair seem to h be5 ^!4 ,francis & a "y companion1 9 ! c\rse ( _! common w&]+1 came pa/ a great ca/le all light$ up ) ! fe/ivities att5d+ a son ( ! h\se receiv+ ! hon\r ( knigh?ood4 ,?is ari/ocratic mansion1 :i* took its "n f ,monte ,feltro1 !y ent]$ 9 _! beautiful & casual fa%ion & began to give _! own sort ( good news4 ,!re 7 "s at lea/ :o li/5$ to ! sa9t z if he _h be5 an angel ( ,god2 among !m a g5tleman nam$ ,orl&o ( ,*iusi1 :o _h great l&s 9 ,tuscany1 & :o proce$$ to d ,/4 ,francis a s+ul> & some:at picturesque act ( c\rtesy4 ,he gave him a m\nta92 a ?+ some:at unique among ! gifts ( ! _w4 ,presumably ! ,franciscan rule :i* =bade a man to accept money _h made no detail$ provision ab\t accept+ m\nta9s4 ,nor inde$ did ,/4 ,francis accept x save z he accept$ ev]y?+1 z a tempor>y conv5i5ce r ?an a p]sonal possession2 b he turn$ x into a sort ( refuge = ! eremitical r ?an ! mona/ic life2 he retir$ !re :5 he wi%$ = a life ( pray] & fa/+ :i* he did n ask ev5 8 close/ fri5ds to foll[4 ,?is 0 ,alv]no ( ! ,ap5n9es1 & ^u its peak !re re/s = ev] a d>k cl\d t has a rim or halo ( glory4 ,:at x 0 exactly t happ5$ !re may nev] be kn[n4 ,! matt] has be51 ,i believe1 a subject ( dispute among ! mo/ dev\t /ud5ts ( ! sa9tly life z well z betwe5 su* /ud5ts & o!rs ( ! m secul> sort4 ,x may be t ,/4 ,francis nev] spoke to a s\l on ! subject2 x w\ld be highly *>act]i/ic1 & x is c]ta9 9 any case t he said v little2 ,i ?9k he is only alleg$ to h spok5 ( x to "o man4 ,subject h[ev] to su* truly sacr$ d\bts1 ,i w confess t to me p]sonally ?is "o solit>y & indirect report t has come d[n to u reads v l ! report ( some?+ real2 ( "s ( ^? ?+s t are m real ?an :at we call daily realities4 ,ev5 some?+ z x 7 d\ble & bewild]+ ab\t ! image seems to c>ry ! impression ( an exp]i5ce %ak+ ! s5ses2 z does ! passage 9 ,revelations ab\t ! sup]natural creatures full ( eyes4 ,x w\ld seem t ,/4 ,francis beheld ! heav5s above him occupi$ by a va/ w+$ be+ l a s]aph spread out l a cross4 ,!re seems "s my/]y ab\t :e!r ! w+$ figure 0 itself crucifi$ or 9 ! po/ure ( crucifixion1 or :e!r x m]ely enclos$ 9 its frame ( w+s "s colossal crucifix4 ,b x seems cle> t !re 0 "s "q ( ! =m] impression2 = ,/4 ,bonav5tura di/9ctly says t ,/4 ,francis d\bt$ h[ a s]aph c\ld be crucifi$1 s9ce ^? awful & anci5t pr9cipalities 7 )\t ! infirmity ( ! ,passion4 ,/4 ,bonav5tura sugge/s t ! seem+ contradiction may h meant t ,/4 ,francis 0 to be crucifi$ z a _s s9ce he c\ld n be crucifi$ z a man2 b :atev] ! mean+ ( ! vision1 ! g5]al idea ( x is v vivid & ov]:elm+4 ,/4 ,francis saw above him1 fill+ ! :ole heav5s1 "s va/ immemorial un?9kable p[]1 anci5t l ! ,anci5t ( ,days1 ^: calm m5 _h conceiv$ "u ! =ms ( w+$ bulls or mon/r\s *]ubim1 & all t w+$ wond] 0 9 pa9 l a w\nd$ bird4 ,?is s]aphic suff]+1 x is said1 pi]c$ 8 s\l ) a sword ( grief & pity2 x may be inf]r$ t "s sort ( m\nt+ agony accompani$ ! ec/asy4 ,f9ally aft] "s fa%ion ! apocalypse fad$ f ! sky & ! agony )9 subsid$2 & sil5ce & ! natural air fill$ ! morn+ twilight & settl$ sl[ly 9 ! purple *asms & cleft abysses ( ! ,ap5n9es4 ,! head ( ! solit>y sank1 amid all t relaxation & quiet 9 :i* "t c drift by ) ! s5se ( some?+ end$ & complete2 & z he />$ d[nw>ds1 he saw ! m>ks ( nails 9 8 own h&s4 ,*apt] ,,ix ,miracles & ,dea? ,! trem5d\s /ory ( ! ,/igmata ( ,/4 ,francis1 :i* 0 ! end ( ! la/ *apt]1 0 9 "s s5se ! end ( 8 life4 ,9 a logical s5se1 x w\ld h be5 ! end ev5 if x _h happ5$ at ! beg9n+4 ,b tru] traditions ref] x to a lat] date & sugge/ t 8 rema9+ days on ! e>? _h some?+ ab\t !m ( ! f+]+ ( a %ad[4 ,:e!r ,/4 ,bonav5tura 0 "r 9 8 h9t t ,/4 ,francis saw 9 t s]aphic vision some?+ almo/ l a va/ mirror ( 8 own s\l1 t c\ld at lea/ suff] l an angel ?\gh n l a god1 or :e!r x express$ "u an imag]y m primitive & colossal ?an common ,*ri/ian art ! prim>y p>adox ( ! dea? ( ,god1 x is evid5t f its traditional consequ5ces t x 0 meant = a cr[n & = a seal4 ,x seems to h be5 aft] see+ ?is vision t he began to g bl9d4 ,b ! incid5t has ano!r & mu* less important place 9 ?is r\gh & limit$ outl9e4 ,x is ! natural occasion = consid]+ briefly & collectively all ! facts or fables ( ano!r aspect ( ! life ( ,/4 ,francis2 an aspect :i* is1 ,i w n say m disputable1 b c]ta9ly m disput$4 ,i mean all t mass ( te/imony & tradition t conc]ns 8 miracul\s p[]s & sup]natural exp]i5ces1 ) :i* x w\ld h be5 easy to /ud & bejewel e page ( ! /ory2 only t c]ta9 circum/ances necess>y to ! conditions ( ?is n>ration make x bett] to ga!r1 some:at ha/ily1 all su* jewels into a heap4 ,i h "h adopt$ ?is c\rse 9 ord] to make all[ance = a prejudice4 ,x is inde$ to a great ext5t a prejudice ( ! pa/2 a prejudice t is pla9ly disappe>+ 9 days ( great] enlight5m5t1 & especially ( a great] range ( sci5tific exp]im5t & k4 ,b x is a prejudice t is /ill t5aci\s 9 _m ( an old] g5]ation & /ill traditional 9 _m ( ! y\ng]4 ,i mean1 ( c\rse1 :at us$ to be call$ ! belief t miracles d n happ51 z ,i ?9k ,mat!w ,arnold express$ x1 9 express+ ! /&po9t ( s _m ( our ,victorian uncles & great-uncles4 ,9 o!r words x 0 ! rema9s ( t sceptical simplification by :i* "s ( ! philosoph]s ( ! e>ly eighte5? c5tury _h popul>is$ ! impression 7= a v %ort "t7 t we _h discov]$ ! regulations ( ! cosmos l ! works ( a clock1 ( s v simple a clock t x 0 possible to di/+ui% almo/ at a glance :at c\ld or c\ld n h happ5$ 9 human exp]i5ce4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ^! real sceptics1 ( ! gold5 age ( scepticism1 7 q z scornful ( ! fir/ fancies ( sci5ce z ( ! l+]+ leg5ds ( religion4 ,voltaire1 :5 he 0 told t a fossil fi% _h be5 f\nd on ! peaks ( ! ,alps1 laugh$ op5ly at ! tale & said t "s fa/+ monk or h]mit _h dropp$ 8 fi%-bones !re2 possibly 9 ord] to effect ano!r monki% fraud4 ,ev]ybody kn[s by ?is "t t sci5ce has _h its rev5ge on scepticism4 ,! bord] betwe5 ! cr$ible & ! incr$ible has n only become once m z vague z 9 any b>b>ic twilight2 b ! cr$ible is obvi\sly increas+ & ! incr$ible %r9k+4 ,a man 9 ,voltaire's "t did n "k :at miracle he w\ld next h to ?r[ up4 ,a man 9 our "t does n "k :at miracle he w next h to swall[4 ,b long be=e ^! ?+s _h happ5$1 9 ^? days ( my boyhood :5 ,i fir/ saw ! figure ( ,/4 ,francis f> away 9 ! di/ance & draw+ me ev5 at t di/ance1 9 ^? ,victorian days :i* did s]i\sly sep>ate ! virtues f ! miracles ( ! sa9ts--ev5 9 ^? days ,i c\ld n help feel+ vaguely puzzl$ ab\t h[ ?is me?od c\ld be appli$ to hi/ory4 ,ev5 !n ,i did n q und]/&1 & ev5 n[ ,i d n q und]/&1 on :at pr9ciple "o is to pick & *oose 9 ! *ronicles ( ! pa/ :i* seem to be all ( a piece4 ,all our k ( c]ta9 hi/orical p]iods1 & notably ( ! :ole m$ieval p]iod1 re/s on c]ta9 connect$ *ronicles writt5 by p :o are "s ( !m nameless & all ( !m dead1 :o _c 9 any case be cross-exam9$ & _c 9 "s cases be corroborat$4 ,i h nev] be5 q cle> ab\t ! nature ( ! "r by :i* hi/orians accept$ masses ( detail f !m z def9itely true1 & sudd5ly d5i$ _! tru?fulness :5 "o detail 0 pret]natural4 ,i d n compla9 ( _! be+ sceptics2 ,i am puzzl$ ab\t :y ! sceptics are n m sceptical4 ,i c und]/& _! say+ t ^! details w\ld nev] h be5 includ$ 9 a *ronicle except by lunatics or li>s2 b 9 t case ! only inf]5ce is t ! *ronicle 0 writt5 by li>s or lunatics4 ,!y w write = in/ance3 ,monki% fanaticism f\nd x easy to spread ! report t miracles 7 already be+ work$ at ! tomb ( ,?omas ,becket4 ,:y %\ld !y n say equally well1 ,monki% fanaticism f\nd x easy to spread ! sl&] t f\r knights f ,k+ ,h5ry's c\rt _h assass9at$ ,?omas ,becket 9 ! ca!dral8 ,!y w\ld write some?+ l ?is3 ,! cr$ulity ( ! age readily believ$ t ,joan ( ,arc _h be5 inspir$ to po9t out ! ,dauph9 al?\gh he 0 9 disguise4 ,:y %\ld !y n write on ! same pr9ciple3 ,! cr$ulity ( ! age 0 su* z to suppose t an obscure peasant girl c\ld get an audi5ce at ! c\rt ( ! ,dauph98 ,& s1 9 ! pres5t case1 :5 !y tell u !re is a wild /ory t ,/4 ,francis flung himself into ! fire & em]g$ sca?less1 ^u :at precise pr9ciple are !y =bidd5 to tell u ( a wild /ory t ,/4 ,francis flung himself into ! camp ( ! f]oci\s ,moslems & return$ safe8 ,i only ask = in=mation2 = ,i d n see ! rationale ( ! ?+ myself4 ,i w und]take to say !re 0 n a ^w writt5 ( ,/4 ,francis by any contempor>y :o 0 himself incapable ( believ+ & tell+ a miracul\s /ory4 ,p]haps x is all monki% fables & !re nev] 0 any ,/4 ,francis or any ,/4 ,?omas ,becket or any ,joan ( ,arc4 ,?is is und\bt$ly a r$uctio ad absurdum2 b x is a r$uctio ad absurdum ( ! view :i* ?\ght all miracles absurd4 ,& 9 ab/ract logic ?is me?od ( selection w\ld lead to ! wilde/ absurdities4 ,an intr9sically incr$ible /ory c\ld only mean t ! au?ority 0 unwor?y ( cr$it4 ,x c\ld n mean t o!r p>ts ( 8 /ory mu/ be receiv$ ) complete cr$ulity4 ,if somebody said he _h met a man 9 yell[ tr\s]s1 :o proce$$ to jump d[n 8 own ?roat1 we %\ld n exactly take our ,bible oa? or be burn$ at ! /ake = ! /atem5t t he wore yell[ tr\s]s4 ,if somebody claim$ to h gone up 9 a blue balloon & f\nd t ! moon 0 made ( gre5 *eese1 we %\ld n exactly take an affidavit t ! balloon 0 blue any m ?an t ! moon 0 gre54 ,& ! really logical conclusion f ?r[+ d\bts on all tales l ! miracles ( ,/4 ,francis 0 to ?r[ d\bts on ! exi/5ce ( m5 l ,/4 ,francis4 ,& !re really 0 a mod]n mom5t1 a sort ( high-wat] m>k ( insane scepticism1 :5 ?is sort ( ?+ 0 really said or done4 ,p us$ to g ab\t say+ t !re 0 no su* p]son z ,/4 ,patrick2 :i* is e bit z mu* ( a human & hi/orical h[l] z say+ !re 0 no su* p]son z ,/4 ,francis4 ,!re 0 a "t1 = in/ance1 :5 ! madness ( my?ological explanation _h dissolv$ a l>ge "p ( solid hi/ory "u ! univ]sal & luxuriant w>m? & radiance ( ! ,sun-,my?4 ,i believe t t p>ticul> sun has already set1 b !re h be5 any numb] ( moons & meteors to take its place4 ,/4 ,francis1 ( c\rse1 w\ld make a magnific5t ,sun-,my?4 ,h[ c\ld anybody miss ! *ance ( be+ a ,sun-,my? :5 he is actually be/ kn[n by a song call$ ,! ,canticle ( ! ,sun8 ,x is ne$less to po9t out t ! fire 9 ,syria 0 ! dawn 9 ! ,ea/ & ! ble$+ w\nds 9 ,tuscany ! sunset 9 ! ,we/4 ,i c\ld exp\nd ?is !ory at consid]able l5g?2 only1 z s (t5 happ5s to su* f9e !ori/s1 ano!r & m promis+ !ory occurs to me4 ,i _c ?9k h[ ev]ybody1 includ+ myself1 c h ov]look$ ! fact t ! :ole tale ( ,/4 ,francis is ( ,totemi/ic orig94 ,x is unque/ionably a tale t simply sw>ms ) totems4 ,! ,franciscan woods are z full ( !m z any ,r$ ,indian fable4 ,francis is made to call himself an ass1 because 9 ! orig9al my?os ,francis 0 m]ely ! "n giv5 to ! real f\r-foot$ donkey1 aft]w>ds vaguely evolv$ into a half-human god or h]o4 ,& t1 no d\bt1 is :y ,i us$ to feel t ! ,bro!r ,wolf & ,si/] ,bird ( ,/4 ,francis 7 someh[ l ! ,br] ,fox & ,sis ,c[ ( ,uncle ,remus4 ,"s say !re is an innoc5t /age ( infancy 9 :i* we d really believe t a c[ talk$ or a fox made a t> baby4 ,anyh[ !re is an innoc5t p]iod ( intellectual gr[? 9 :i* we d sometimes really believe t ,/4 ,patrick 0 a ,sun-,my? or ,/4 ,francis a ,totem4 ,b = ! mo/ ( u bo? ^? phases ( p>adise are pa/4 ,z ,i %all sugge/ 9 a mom5t1 !re is "o s5se 9 :i* we c = practical purposes di/+ui% betwe5 probable & improbable ?+s 9 su* a /ory4 ,x is n s mu* a "q ( cosmic criticism ab\t ! nature ( ! ev5t z ( lit]>y criticism ab\t ! nature ( ! /ory4 ,"s /ories are told mu* m s]i\sly ?an o!rs4 ,b ap>t f ?is1 ,i %all n attempt "h any def9ite diff]5tiation betwe5 !m4 ,i %all n d s = a practical reason affect+ ! utility ( ! proce$+2 ,i mean ! fact t 9 a practical s5se ! :ole ( ?is matt] is aga9 9 ! melt+ pot1 f :i* _m ?+s may em]ge m\ld$ into :at rationalism w\ld h call$ mon/]s4 ,! fix$ po9ts ( fai? & philosophy d inde$ rema9 always ! same4 ,:e!r a man believes t fire 9 "o case c\ld fail to burn1 dep5ds on :y he ?9ks x g5]ally does burn4 ,if x burns n9e /icks out ( t5 because x is its nature or doom to d s1 !n x w burn ! t5? /ick z well4 ,if x burns n9e /icks because x is ! w ( ,god t x %\ld1 !n x might be ! w ( ,god t ! t5? %\ld be unburn$4 ,nobody c get beh9d t fundam5tal diff]5ce ab\t ! reason ( ?+s2 & x is z rational = a !i/ to believe 9 miracles z = an a!i/ to disbelieve 9 !m4 ,9 o!r words !re is only "o intellig5t reason :y a man does n believe 9 miracles & t is t he does believe 9 mat]ialism4 ,b ^! fix$ po9ts ( fai? & philosophy are ?+s = a !oretical "w & h no p>ticul> place "h4 ,& 9 ! matt] ( hi/ory & biography1 :i* h _! place "h1 no?+ is fix$ at all4 ,! _w is 9 a welt] ( ! possible & impossible1 & nobody kn[s :at w be ! next sci5tific hypo!sis to support "s anci5t sup]/ition4 ,?ree qu>t]s ( ! miracles attribut$ to ,/4 ,francis w\ld already be expla9$ by psy*ologi/s1 n inde$ z a ,ca?olic expla9s !m1 b z a mat]iali/ mu/ necess>ily refuse to expla9 !m4 ,!re is "o :ole dep>tm5t ( ! miracles ( ,/4 ,francis2 ! miracles ( heal+4 ,:at is ! good ( a sup]ior sceptic ?r[+ !m away z un?9kable1 at ! mom5t :5 fai?-heal+ is already a big boom+ ,yankee bus9ess l ,b>num's ,%[8 ,!re is ano!r :ole dep>tm5t analog\s to ! tales ( ,*ri/ p]ceiv+ m5's ?\ghts4 ,:at is ! use ( c5sor+ !m & black+ !m out because !y are m>k$ miracles1 :5 ?\ght-read+ is already a p>l\r game l musical *airs8 ,!re is ano!r :ole dep>tm5t1 to be /udi$ sep>ately if su* sci5tific /udy 7 possible1 ( ! well-atte/$ wond]s work$ f 8 relics & fragm5t>y possessions4 ,:at is ! use ( dismiss+ all t z inconceivable1 :5 ev5 ^! common psy*ical p>l\r tricks turn p]petually ^u t\*+ "s famili> object or hold+ 9 ! h& "s p]sonal possession8 ,i d n believe1 ( c\rse1 t ^! tricks are ( ! same type z ! good works ( ! sa9t2 save p]haps 9 ! s5se ( ,diabolus simius ,dei4 ,b x is n a "q ( :at ,i believe & :y1 b ( :at ! sceptic disbelieves & :y4 ,& ! moral = ! practical biograph] & hi/orian is t he mu/ wait till ?+s settle d[n a little m1 be=e he claims to disbelieve any?+4 ,?is be+ s he c *oose betwe5 two c\rses2 & n )\t "s hesitation1 ,i h "h *os5 betwe5 !m4 ,! be/ & bolde/ c\rse w\ld be to tell ! :ole /ory 9 a /raight=w>d way1 miracles & all1 z ! orig9al hi/orians told x4 ,& to ?is sane & simple c\rse ! new hi/orians w probably h to return4 ,b x mu/ be rememb]$ t ?is book is av[$ly only an introduction to ,/4 ,francis or ! /udy ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,^? :o ne$ an introduction are 9 _! nature /rang]s4 ,) !m ! object is to get !m to li/5 to ,/4 ,francis at all2 & 9 do+ s x is p]fectly legitimate s to arrange ! ord] ( ! facts t ! famili> come be=e ! unfamili> & ^? !y c at once und]/& be=e ^? !y h a difficulty 9 und]/&+4 ,i %\ld only be too ?ankful if ?is ?9 & scrat*y sket* conta9s a l9e or two t attracts m5 to /udy ,/4 ,francis = !mselves2 & if !y d /udy him = !mselves1 !y w soon f9d t ! sup]natural "p ( ! /ory seems q z natural z ! re/4 ,b x 0 necess>y t my outl9e %\ld be a m]ely human "o1 s9ce ,i 0 only pres5t+ 8 claim on all humanity1 includ+ sceptical humanity4 ,i !re=e adopt$ ! alt]native c\rse1 ( %[+ fir/ t nobody b a born fool c\ld fail to realise t ,francis ( ,assisi 0 a v real hi/orical human be+2 & !n summ>is+ briefly 9 ?is *apt] ! sup]human p[]s t 7 c]ta9ly a "p ( t hi/ory & humanity4 ,x only rema9s to say a few words ab\t "s di/9ctions t may reasonably be obs]v$ 9 ! matt] by any man ( any views2 t he may n confuse ! po9t & climax ( ! sa9t's life ) ! fancies or rum\rs t 7 really only ! fr+es ( 8 reputation4 ,!re is s imm5se a mass ( leg5ds & anecdotes ab\t ,/4 ,francis ( ,assisi1 & !re are s _m admirable compilations t cov] ne>ly all ( !m1 t ,i h be5 compell$ )9 ^! n>r[ limits to pursue a some:at n>r[ policy2 t ( foll[+ "o l9e ( explanation & only m5tion+ "o anecdote "h or !re because x illu/rates t explanation4 ,if ?is is true ab\t all ! leg5ds & /ories1 x is especially true ab\t ! miracul\s leg5ds & ! sup]natural /ories4 ,if we 7 to take "s /ories z !y /&1 we %\ld receive a r bewild]$ impression t ! biography conta9s m sup]natural ev5ts ?an natural ones4 ,n[ x is clean aga9/ ,ca?olic tradition1 co-incid5t 9 s _m po9ts ) common s5se1 to suppose t ?is is really ! proportion ( ^! ?+s 9 practical human life4 ,moreov]1 ev5 consid]$ z sup]natural or pret]natural /ories1 !y obvi\sly fall into c]ta9 diff]5t classes1 n s mu* by our exp]i5ce ( miracles z by our exp]i5ce ( /ories4 ,"s ( !m h ! "* ( fairy /ories1 9 _! =m ev5 m ?an _! incid5t4 ,!y are obvi\sly tales told by ! fire to peasants or ! *ildr5 ( peasants1 "u conditions 9 :i* nobody ?9ks he is prop\nd+ a religi\s doctr9e to be receiv$ or reject$1 b only r\nd+ (f a /ory 9 ! mo/ symmetrical way1 accord+ to t sort ( decorative s*eme or patt]n t runs ?r\gh all fairy /ories4 ,o!rs are obvi\sly 9 _! =m mo/ emphatically evid5ce2 t is !y are te/imony t is tru? or lies2 & x w be v h>d = any judge ( human nature to ?9k !y are lies4 ,x is admitt$ t ! /ory ( ! ,/igmata is n a leg5d b c only be a lie4 ,i mean t x is c]ta9ly n a late leg5d>y accretion add$ aft]w>ds to ! fame ( ,/4 ,francis2 b is some?+ t />t$ almo/ imm$iately ) 8 e>lie/ biograph]s4 ,x is practically necess>y to sugge/ t x 0 a conspiracy2 inde$ !re has be5 "s disposition to put ! fraud ^u ! un=tunate ,elias1 :om s _m p>ties h be5 dispos$ to treat z a useful univ]sal villa94 ,x has be5 said1 inde$1 t ^! e>ly biograph]s1 ,/4 ,bonav5tura & ,celano & ! ,?ree ,companions1 ?\gh !y decl>e t ,/4 ,francis receiv$ ! my/ical w\nds1 d n say t !y !mselves saw ^? w\nds4 ,i d n ?9k ?is argum5t conclusive2 because x only arises out ( ! v nature ( ! n>rative4 ,! ,?ree ,companions are n 9 any case mak+ an affidavit2 & !re=e none ( ! admitt$ p>ts ( _! /ory are 9 ! =m ( an affidavit4 ,!y are writ+ a *ronicle ( a comp>atively imp]sonal & v objective description4 ,!y d n say1 ,i saw ,/4 ,francis's w\nds2 !y say1 ,/4 ,francis receiv$ w\nds4 ,b nei!r d !y say1 ,i saw ,/4 ,francis g into ! ,portiuncula2 !y say1 ,/4 ,francis w5t into ! ,portiuncula4 ,b ,i /ill _c und]/& :y !y %\ld be tru/$ z eye-witnesses ab\t ! "o fact & n tru/$ z eye-witnesses ab\t ! o!r4 ,x is all ( a piece2 x w\ld be a mo/ abrupt & abnormal int]ruption 9 _! way ( tell+ ! /ory if !y sudd5ly began to curse & to swe>1 & give _! names & addresses1 & take _! oa? t !y !mselves saw & v]ifi$ ! physical facts 9 "q4 ,x seems to me1 !re=e1 t ?is p>ticul> discussion goes back to ! g5]al "q ,i h already m5tion$2 ! "q ( :y ^! *ronicles %\ld be cr$it$ at all1 if !y are cr$it$ ) ab\nd+ 9 ! incr$ible4 ,b t aga9 w probably be f\nd to rev]t1 9 ! la/ resort1 to ! m]e fact t "s m5 _c believe 9 miracles because !y are mat]iali/s4 ,t is logical en\gh2 b !y are b\nd to d5y ! pret]natural z mu* 9 ! te/imony ( a mod]n sci5tific pr(essor z 9 t ( a m$ieval monki% *ronicl]4 ,& !re are pl5ty ( pr(essors = !m to contradict by ?is "t4 ,b :atev] may be ?\ght ( su* sup]naturalism 9 ! comp>atively mat]ial & popul> s5se ( sup]natural acts1 we %all miss ! :ole po9t ( ,/4 ,francis1 especially ( ,/4 ,francis aft] ,alv]no1 if we d n realise t he 0 liv+ a sup]natural life4 ,& !re is m & m ( su* sup]naturalism 9 8 life z he approa*es t[>ds 8 dea?4 ,?is elem5t ( ! sup]natural did n sep>ate him f ! natural2 = x 0 ! :ole po9t ( 8 position t x unit$ him m p]fectly to ! natural4 ,x did n make him dismal or dehumanis$2 = x 0 ! :ole mean+ ( 8 message t su* my/icism makes a man *e]ful & humane4 ,b x 0 ! :ole po9t ( 8 position1 & x 0 ! :ole mean+ ( 8 message1 t ! p[] t did x 0 a sup]natural p[]4 ,if ?is simple di/9ction 7 n app>5t f ! :ole ( 8 life1 x w\ld be difficult = anyone to miss x 9 read+ ! acc\nt ( 8 dea?4 ,9 a s5se he may be said to h w&]$ z a dy+ man1 j z he _h w&]$ z a liv+ "o4 ,z x became m & m app>5t t 8 heal? 0 fail+1 he seems to h be5 c>ri$ f place to place l a pageant ( sickness or almo/ l a pageant ( mortality4 ,he w5t to ,rieti1 to ,nursia1 p]haps to ,naples1 c]ta9ly to ,cortona by ! lake ( ,p]ugia4 ,b !re is some?+ pr(\ndly pa!tic1 & full ( great problems1 9 ! fact t at la/1 z x w\ld seem1 8 flame ( life leapt up & 8 he>t rejoic$ :5 !y saw af> (f on ! ,assisian hill ! solemn pill>s ( ! ,portiuncula4 ,he :o _h become a vagabond = ! sake ( a vision1 he :o _h d5i$ himself all s5se ( place & possession1 he ^: :ole gospel & glory x 0 to be homeless1 receiv$ l a ,p>?ian %ot f nature1 ! /+ ( ! s5se ( home4 ,he also _h 8 maladie du clo*]1 8 sickness ( ! spire2 ?\gh 8 spire 0 high] ?an ours4 ,nev]1 he cri$ ) ! sudd5 en]gy ( /rong spirits 9 dea?1 nev] give up ?is place4 ,if y w\ld g any:]e or make any pilgrimage1 return always to y\r home2 = ?is is ! holy h\se ( ,god4 ,& ! procession pass$ "u ! ar*es ( 8 home2 & he laid d[n on 8 b$ & 8 bre?r5 ga!r$ r\nd him = ! la/ long vigil4 ,x seems to me no mom5t = ent]+ into ! subsequ5t disputes ab\t :i* successors he bless$ or 9 :at =m & ) :at significance4 ,9 t "o mighty mom5t he bless$ u all4 ,aft] he _h tak5 f>ewell ( "s ( 8 ne>e/ & especially "s ( 8 olde/ fri5ds1 he 0 lift$ at 8 own reque/ (f 8 own rude b$ & laid on ! b>e gr\nd2 z "s say clad only 9 a hair-%irt1 z he _h fir/ gone =? into ! w9try woods f ! pres5ce ( 8 fa!r4 ,x 0 ! f9al ass]tion ( 8 great fix$ idea2 ( praise & ?anks spr++ to _! mo/ t[]+ height out ( nak$ness & no?+4 ,z he lay !re we may be c]ta9 t 8 se>$ & bl9d$ eyes saw no?+ b _! object & _! orig94 ,we may be sure t ! s\l1 9 its la/ inconceivable isolation1 0 face to face ) no?+ less ?an ,god ,inc>nate & ,*ri/ ,crucifi$4 ,b = ! m5 /&+ ar\nd him !re mu/ h be5 o!r ?\ghts m+l+ ) ^!2 & _m memories mu/ h ga!r$ l gho/s 9 ! twilight1 z t day wore on & t great d>kness desc5d$ 9 :i* we all lo/ a fri5d4 ,= :at lay dy+ !re 0 n ,dom9ic ( ! ,dogs ( ,god1 a lead] 9 logical & controv]sial w>s t c\ld be r$uc$ to a plan & h&$ on l a plan2 a ma/] ( a ma*9e ( democratic discipl9e by :i* o!rs c\ld organise !mselves4 ,:at 0 pass+ f ! _w 0 a p]son2 a poet2 an outlook on life l a light t 0 nev] aft] on sea or l&2 a ?+ n to be replac$ or repeat$ :ile ! e>? endures4 ,x has be5 said t !re 0 only "o ,*ri/ian1 :o di$ on ! cross2 x is tru] to say 9 ?is s5se t !re 0 only "o ,franciscan1 ^: "n 0 ,francis4 ,huge & happy z 0 ! popul> "w he left beh9d him1 !re 0 some?+ t he c\ld n leave beh9d1 any m ?an a l&scape pa9t] c leave 8 eyes 9 8 w4 ,x 0 an arti/ 9 life :o 0 "h call$ to be an arti/ 9 dea?2 & he _h a bett] "r ?an ,n]o1 8 anti-type1 to say ,qualis artifex p]eo4 ,= ,n]o's life 0 full ( pos+ = ! occasion l t ( an actor2 :ile ! ,umbrian's _h a natural & cont9u\s grace l t ( an a?lete4 ,b ,/4 ,francis _h bett] ?+s to say & bett] ?+s to ?9k ab\t1 & 8 ?\ghts 7 caught upw>ds :]e we _c foll[ !m1 9 div9e & dizzy heights to :i* dea? alone c lift u up4 ,r\nd ab\t him /ood ! bre?r5 9 _! br[n habits1 ^? t _h lov$ him ev5 if !y aft]w>ds disput$ ) ea* o!r4 ,!re 0 ,b]n>d 8 fir/ fri5d & ,angelo :o _h s]v$ z 8 secret>y & ,elias 8 successor1 :om tradition tri$ to turn into a sort ( ,judas1 b :o seems to h be5 little worse ?an an (ficial 9 ! wrong place4 ,8 trag$y 0 t he _h a ,franciscan habit )\t a ,franciscan he>t1 or at any rate ) a v un-,franciscan head4 ,b ?\gh he made a bad ,franciscan1 he might h made a dec5t ,dom9ican4 ,anyh[1 !re is no reason to d\bt t he lov$ ,francis1 = ruffians & savages did t4 ,anyh[ he /ood among ! re/ z ! h\rs pass$ & ! %ad[s l5g!n$ 9 ! h\se ( ! ,portiuncula2 & nobody ne$ ?9k s ill ( him z to suppose t 8 ?\ghts 7 !n 9 ! tumultu\s future1 9 ! ambitions & controv]sies ( 8 lat] ye>s4 ,a man might fancy t ! birds mu/ h kn[n :5 x happ5$2 & made "s motion 9 ! ev5+ sky4 ,z !y _h once1 accord+ to ! tale1 scatt]$ to ! f\r w9ds ( heav5 9 ! patt]n ( a cross at 8 signal ( disp]sion1 !y might n[ h writt5 9 su* dott$ l9es a m awful augury across ! sky4 ,hidd5 9 ! woods p]haps 7 little c[]+ creatures nev] aga9 to be s mu* notic$ & und]/ood2 & x has be5 said t animals are sometimes consci\s ( ?+s to :i* man _! spiritual sup]ior is = ! mom5t bl9d4 ,we d n "k :e!r any %iv] pass$ ?r\gh all ! ?ieves & ! outca/s & ! outlaws1 to tell !m :at _h happ5$ to him :o nev] knew ! nature ( scorn4 ,b at lea/ 9 ! passages & por*es ( ! ,portiuncula !re 0 a sudd5 /illness1 :]e all ! br[n figures /ood l bronze /atues2 = ! /opp+ ( ! great he>t t _h n brok5 till x held ! _w4 ,*apt] ,x ,! ,te/am5t ( ,/4 ,francis ,9 "o s5se d\btless x is a sad irony t ,/4 ,francis1 :o all 8 life _h desir$ all m5 to agree1 %\ld h di$ amid increas+ disagreem5ts4 ,b we mu/ n exagg]ate ?is discord1 z "s h done1 s z to turn x into a m]e defeat ( all 8 ideals4 ,!re are "s :o repres5t 8 "w z hav+ be5 m]ely ru9$ by ! wick$ness ( ! _w1 or :at !y always assume to be ! ev5 great] wick$ness ( ! ,*ur*4 ,?is little book is an essay on ,/4 ,francis & n on ! ,franciscan ,ord]1 /ill less on ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* or ! ,papacy or ! policy pursu$ t[>ds ! extreme ,franciscans or ! ,fraticelli4 ,x is !re=e only necess>y to note 9 a v few words :at 0 ! g5]al nature ( ! controv]sy t rag$ aft] ! great sa9t's dea?1 & to "s ext5t tr\bl$ ! la/ days ( 8 life4 ,! dom9ant detail 0 ! int]pretation ( ! v[ ( pov]ty1 or ! refusal ( all possessions4 ,nobody s f> z ,i "k ev] propos$ to int]f]e ) ! v[ ( ! individual fri> t he w\ld h no individual possessions4 ,nobody1 t is1 propos$ to int]f]e ) 8 negation ( private prop]ty4 ,b "s ,franciscans1 invok+ ! au?ority ( ,francis on _! side1 w5t fur!r ?an ?is & fur!r ,i ?9k ?an anybody else has ev] gone4 ,!y propos$ to aboli% n only private prop]ty b prop]ty4 ,t is1 !y refus$ to be corporately responsible = any?+ at all2 = any build+s or /ores or tools2 !y refus$ to own !m collectively ev5 :5 !y us$ !m collectively4 ,x is p]fectly true t _m1 especially among ! fir/ support]s ( ?is view1 7 m5 ( a spl5did & selfless _s1 :olly devot$ to ! great sa9t's ideal4 ,x is also p]fectly true t ! ,pope & ! au?orities ( ! ,*ur* did n ?9k ?is conception 0 a workable arrangem5t1 & w5t s f> 9 modify+ x z to set aside c]ta9 clauses 9 ! great sa9t's w4 ,b x is n at all easy to see t x 0 a workable arrangem5t or ev5 an arrangem5t at all2 = x 0 really a refusal to arrange any?+4 ,ev]ybody knew ( c\rse t ,franciscans 7 communi/s2 b ?is 0 n s mu* be+ a communi/ z be+ an an>*i/4 ,surely ^u any argum5t somebody or some?+ mu/ be answ]able = :at happ5$ to or 9 or conc]n+ a numb] ( hi/oric edifices & ord9>y goods & *attels4 ,_m ideali/s ( a sociali/ic sort1 notably ( ! s*ool ( ,mr4 ,%aw or ,mr4 ,wells1 h treat$ ?is dispute z if x 7 m]ely a case ( ! tyranny ( weal?y & wick$ pontiffs cru%+ ! true ,*ri/ianity ( ,*ri/ian ,sociali/s4 ,b 9 tru? ?is extreme ideal 0 9 a s5se ! v rev]se ( ,sociali/1 or ev5 social4 ,precisely ! ?+ :i* ^! en?usia/s refus$ 0 t social own]%ip on :i* ,socialism is built2 :at !y prim>ily refus$ to d 0 :at ,sociali/s prim>ily exi/ to d2 to own legally 9 _! corporate capacity4 ,nor is x true t ! tone ( ! ,popes t[>ds ! en?usia/s 0 m]ely h>% & ho/ile4 ,! ,pope ma9ta9$ = a long "t a compromise :i* he _h specially design$ to meet _! own consci5ti\s objections2 a compromise by :i* ! ,papacy itself held ! prop]ty 9 a k9d ( tru/ = ! own]s :o refus$ to t\* x4 ,! tru? is t ?is incid5t %[s two ?+s :i* are common en\gh 9 ,ca?olic hi/ory1 b v little und]/ood by ! j\rnali/ic hi/ory ( indu/rial civilisation4 ,x %[s t ! ,sa9ts 7 sometimes great m5 :5 ! ,popes 7 small m54 ,b x also %[s t great m5 are sometimes wrong :5 small m5 are "r4 ,& x w be f\nd1 aft] all1 v difficult = any c&id & cle>-head$ outsid] to d5y t ! ,pope 0 "r1 :5 he insi/$ t ! _w 0 n made only = ,franciscans4 ,= t 0 :at 0 beh9d ! qu>rel4 ,at ! back ( ?is p>ticul> practical "q !re 0 some?+ mu* l>g] & m mom5t\s1 ! /ir & w9d ( :i* we c feel z we read ! controv]sy4 ,we might g s f> z to put ! ultimate tru? ?us4 ,/4 ,francis 0 s great & orig9al a man t he _h some?+ 9 him ( :at makes ! f\nd] ( a religion4 ,_m ( 8 foll[]s 7 m or less ready1 9 _! he>ts1 to treat him z ! f\nd] ( a religion4 ,!y 7 will+ to let ! ,franciscan _s escape f ,*ri/5dom z ! ,*ri/ian _s _h escap$ f ,israel4 ,!y 7 will+ to let x eclipse ,*ri/5dom z ! ,*ri/ian _s _h eclips$ ,israel4 ,francis1 ! fire t ran ?r\gh ! roads ( ,italy1 0 to be ! beg9n+ ( a conflagration 9 :i* ! old ,*ri/ian civilisation 0 to be consum$4 ,t 0 ! po9t ! ,pope _h to settle2 :e!r ,*ri/5dom %\ld absorb ,francis or ,francis ,*ri/5dom4 ,& he decid$ rightly1 ap>t f ! duties ( 8 place2 = ! ,*ur* c\ld include all t 0 good 9 ! ,franciscans & ! ,franciscans c\ld n include all t 0 good 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,!re is "o consid]ation :i*1 ?\gh suffici5tly cle> 9 ! :ole /ory1 has n p]haps be5 suffici5tly not$1 especially by ^? :o _c see ! case = a c]ta9 ,ca?olic common s5se l>g] ev5 ?an ,franciscan en?usiasm4 ,yet x arises out ( ! v m]its ( ! man :om !y s rightly admire4 ,francis ( ,assisi1 z has be5 said aga9 & aga91 0 a poet2 t is1 he 0 a p]son :o c\ld express 8 p]sonality4 ,n[ x is ev]y:]e ! m>k ( ?is sort ( man t 8 v limitations make him l>g]4 ,he is :at he is1 n only by :at he has1 b 9 "s degree by :at he has n4 ,b ! limits t make ! l9es ( su* a p]sonal portrait _c be made ! limits ( all humanity4 ,/4 ,francis is a v /rong example ( ?is quality 9 ! man ( g5ius1 t 9 him ev5 :at is negative is positive1 because x is "p ( a "*4 ,an excell5t example ( :at ,i mean may be f\nd 9 8 attitude t[>ds le>n+ & s*ol>%ip4 ,he ignor$ & 9 "s degree disc\rag$ books & book-le>n+2 & f 8 own po9t ( view & t ( 8 own "w 9 ! _w he 0 absolutely "r4 ,! :ole po9t ( 8 message 0 to be s simple t ! village idiot c\ld und]/& x4 ,! :ole po9t ( 8 po9t ( view 0 t x look$ out fre%ly ^u a fre% _w1 t might h be5 made t morn+4 ,save = ! great primal ?+s1 ! ,creation & ! ,/ory ( ,ed51 ! fir/ ,*ri/mas & ! fir/ ,ea/]1 ! _w _h no hi/ory4 ,b is x desir$ or desirable t ! :ole ,ca?olic ,*ur* %\ld h no hi/ory8 ,x is p]haps ! *ief sugge/ion ( ?is book t ,/4 ,francis walk$ ! _w l ! ,p>don ( ,god4 ,i mean t 8 appe>ance m>k$ ! mom5t :5 m5 c\ld be reconcil$ n only to ,god b to nature &1 mo/ difficult ( all1 to !mselves4 ,= x m>k$ ! mom5t :5 all ! /ale paganism t _h poison$ ! anci5t _w 0 at la/ work$ out ( ! social sy/em4 ,he op5$ ! gates ( ! ,d>k ,ages z ( a prison ( purgatory1 :]e m5 _h cleans$ !mselves z h]mits 9 ! des]t or h]oes 9 ! b>b>ian w>s4 ,x 0 9 fact 8 :ole function to tell m5 to />t afre% &1 9 t s5se1 to tell !m to =get4 ,if !y 7 to turn ov] a new leaf & beg9 a fre% page ) ! fir/ l>ge lett]s ( ! alphabet1 simply drawn & brilliantly col\r$ 9 ! e>ly m$ieval mann]1 x 0 cle>ly a "p ( t p>ticul> *ildlike *e]fulness t !y %\ld pa/e d[n ! old page t 0 all black & bloody ) horrid ?+s4 ,= in/ance1 ,i h already not$ t !re is n a trace 9 ! poetry ( ?is fir/ ,italian poet ( all t pagan my?ology :i* l+]$ long aft] paganism4 ,! fir/ ,italian poet seems ! only man 9 ! _w :o has nev] ev5 he>d ( ,virgil4 ,?is 0 exactly "r = ! special s5se 9 :i* he is ! fir/ ,italian poet4 ,x is q "r t he %\ld call a night+ale a night+ale1 & n h its song spoilt or sadd5$ by ! t]rible tales ( ,itylus or ,procne4 ,9 %ort1 x is really q "r & q desirable t ,/4 ,francis %\ld nev] h he>d ( ,virgil4 ,b d we really desire t ,dante %\ld nev] h he>d ( ,virgil8 ,d we really desire t ,dante %\ld nev] h read any pagan my?ology8 ,x has be5 truly said t ! use t ,dante makes ( su* fables is altoge!r "p ( a deep] or?odoxy2 t 8 huge hea!n fragm5ts1 8 gigantic figures ( ,m9os or ( ,*>on1 only give a h9t ( "s enorm\s natural religion beh9d all hi/ory & f ! fir/ =e%ad[+ ! ,fai?4 ,x is well to h ! ,sybil z well z ,david 9 ! ,dies ,irae4 ,t ,/4 ,francis w\ld h burn$ all ! leaves ( all ! books ( ! ,sybil1 9 ex*ange = "o fre% leaf f ! ne>e/ tree1 is p]fectly true2 & p]fectly prop] to ,/4 ,francis4 ,b x is good to h ! ,dies ,irae z well z ! ,canticle ( ! ,sun4 ,by ?is !sis1 9 %ort1 ! com+ ( ,/4 ,francis 0 l ! bir? ( a *ild 9 a d>k h\se1 lift+ its doom2 a *ild t gr[s up unconsci\s ( ! trag$y & triumphs ov] x by 8 innoc5ce4 ,9 him x is necess>ily n only innoc5ce b ignorance4 ,x is ! ess5ce ( ! /ory t he %\ld pluck at ! gre5 grass )\t kn[+ x gr[s ov] a murd]$ man or climb ! apple-tree )\t kn[+ x 0 ! gibbet ( a suicide4 ,x 0 su* an amne/y & reconciliation t ! fre%ness ( ! ,franciscan _s br\ght to all ! _w4 ,b x does n foll[ t x ought to impose its ignorance on all ! _w4 ,& ,i ?9k x w\ld h tri$ to impose x on all ! _w4 ,= "s ,franciscans x w\ld h seem$ "r t ,franciscan poetry %\ld expel ,b5$ict9e prose4 ,= ! symbolic *ild x 0 q rational4 ,x 0 "r en\gh t = su* a *ild ! _w %\ld be a l>ge new nurs]y ) blank :ite-wa%$ walls1 on :i* he c\ld draw 8 own pictures 9 *alk 9 ! *ildi% fa%ion1 crude 9 outl9e & gay 9 col\r2 ! beg9n+s ( all our art4 ,x 0 "r en\gh t to him su* a nurs]y %\ld seem ! mo/ magnific5t mansion ( ! imag9ation ( man4 ,b 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,god are _m mansions4 ,e h]esy has be5 an ef=t to n>r[ ! ,*ur*4 ,if ! ,franciscan movem5t _h turn$ into a new religion1 x w\ld aft] all h be5 a n>r[ religion4 ,9 s f> z x did turn "h & !re into a h]esy1 x 0 a n>r[ h]esy4 ,x did :at h]esy always does2 x set ! mood aga9/ ! m9d4 ,! mood 0 inde$ orig9ally ! good & glori\s mood ( ! great ,/4 ,francis1 b x 0 n ! :ole m9d ( ,god or ev5 ( man4 ,& x is a fact t ! mood itself deg5]at$1 z ! mood turn$ into a monomania4 ,a sect t came to be call$ ! ,fraticelli decl>$ !mselves ! true sons ( ,/4 ,francis & broke away f ! compromises ( ,rome 9 fav\r ( :at !y w\ld h call$ ! complete programme ( ,assisi4 ,9 a v little :ile ^! loose ,franciscans began to look z f]oci\s z ,flagellants4 ,!y laun*$ new & viol5t vetoes2 !y d5\nc$ m>riage2 t is1 !y d5\nc$ mank9d4 ,9 ! "n ( ! mo/ human ( sa9ts !y decl>$ w> ^u humanity4 ,!y did n p]i% p>ticul>ly ?r\gh be+ p]secut$2 _m ( !m 7 ev5tually p]suad$2 & ! unp]suadable rump ( !m t rema9$ rema9$ )\t produc+ any?+ 9 ! lea/ calculat$ to rem9d anybody ( ! real ,/4 ,francis4 ,:at 0 ! matt] ) ^! p 0 t !y 7 my/ics2 my/ics & no?+ else b my/ics2 my/ics & n ,ca?olics2 my/ics & n ,*ri/ians2 my/ics & n m54 ,!y rott$ away because1 9 ! mo/ exact s5se1 !y w\ld n li/5 to reason4 ,& ,/4 ,francis1 h[ev] wild & romantic 8 gyrations might appe> to _m1 always hung on to reason by "o invisible & inde/ructible hair4 ,! great sa9t 0 sane2 & ) ! v s\nd ( ! ^w sanity1 z at a deep] *ord /ruck ^u a h>p1 we come back to some?+ t 0 inde$ deep] ?an ev]y?+ ab\t him t seem$ an almo/ elvi% ecc5tricity4 ,he 0 n a m]e ecc5tric because he 0 always turn+ t[>ds ! c5tre & he>t ( ! maze2 he took ! que]e/ & mo/ zigzag %ort cuts ?r\gh ! wood1 b he 0 always go+ home4 ,he 0 n only f> too humble to be an h]esi>*1 b he 0 f> too human to desire to be an extremi/1 9 ! s5se ( an exile at ! ends ( ! e>?4 ,! s5se ( hum\r :i* salts all ! /ories ( 8 escapades alone prev5t$ him f ev] h>d5+ into ! solemnity ( sect>ian self-righte\sness4 ,he 0 by nature ready to admit t he 0 wrong2 & if 8 foll[]s _h on "s practical po9ts to admit t he 0 wrong1 !y only admitt$ t he 0 wrong 9 ord] to prove t he 0 "r4 ,= x is !y1 8 real foll[]s1 :o h really prov$ t he 0 "r & ev5 9 transc5d+ "s ( 8 negations h triumphantly ext5d$ & int]pret$ 8 tru?4 ,! ,franciscan ord] did n fossilise or break (f %ort l some?+ ( :i* ! true purpose has be5 fru/rat$ by (ficial tyranny or int]nal treason4 ,x 0 ?is1 ! c5tral & or?odox trunk ( x1 t aft]w>ds bore fruit = ! _w4 ,x c\nt$ among its sons ,bonav5tura ! great my/ic & ,b]n>d9o ! popul> prea*]1 :o fill$ ,italy ) ! v beatific buffoon]ies ( a ,jongleur de ,dieu4 ,x c\nt$ ,raymond ,lully ) 8 /range le>n+ & 8 l>ge & d>+ plans = ! conv]sion ( ! _w2 a man int5sely individual exactly z ,/4 ,francis 0 int5sely individual4 ,x c\nt$ ,rog] ,bacon1 ! fir/ naturali/ ^: exp]im5ts ) light & wat] _h all ! lum9\s qua9tness t belongs to ! beg9n+s ( natural hi/ory2 & :om ev5 ! mo/ mat]ial sci5ti/s h hail$ z a fa!r ( sci5ce4 ,x is n m]ely true t ^! 7 great m5 :o did great "w = ! _w2 x is also true t !y 7 a c]ta9 k9d ( m5 keep+ ! _s & sav\r ( a c]ta9 k9d ( man1 t we c recognise 9 !m a ta/e & tang ( audacity & simplicity1 & "k !m = ! sons ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,= t is ! full & f9al _s 9 :i* we %\ld turn to ,/4 ,francis2 9 ! _s ( ?anks = :at he has done4 ,he 0 above all ?+s a great giv]2 & he c>$ *iefly = ! be/ k9d ( giv+ :i* is call$ ?anksgiv+4 ,if ano!r great man wrote a gramm> ( ass5t1 he may well be said to h writt5 a gramm> ( acceptance2 a gramm> ( gratitude4 ,he und]/ood d[n to its v dep?s ! !ory ( ?anks2 & its dep?s are a bottomless abyss4 ,he knew t ! praise ( ,god /&s on its /ronge/ gr\nd :5 x /&s on no?+4 ,he knew t we c be/ measure ! t[]+ miracle ( ! m]e fact ( exi/5ce if we realise t b = "s /range m]cy we %\ld n ev5 exi/4 ,& some?+ ( t l>g] tru? is repeat$ 9 a less] =m 9 our own relations ) s mighty a mak] ( hi/ory4 ,he also is a giv] ( ?+s we c\ld n h ev5 ?\ght ( = ourselves2 he also is too great = any?+ b gratitude4 ,f him came a :ole awak5+ ( ! _w & a dawn 9 :i* all %apes & col\rs c\ld be se5 anew4 ,! mighty m5 ( g5ius :o made ! ,*ri/ian civilisation t we "k appe> 9 hi/ory almo/ z 8 s]vants & imitators4 ,be=e ,dante 01 he _h giv5 poetry to ,italy2 be=e ,/4 ,l\is rul$1 he _h ris5 z ! tribune ( ! poor2 & be=e ,giotto _h pa9t$ ! pictures1 he _h enact$ ! sc5es4 ,t great pa9t] :o began ! :ole human inspiration ( ,european pa9t+ _h himself gone to ,/4 ,francis to be inspir$4 ,x is said t :5 ,/4 ,francis /ag$ 9 8 own simple fa%ion a ,nativity ,play ( ,be?lehem1 ) k+s & angels 9 ! /iff & gay m$ieval g>m5ts & ! gold5 wigs t /ood = haloes1 a miracle 0 wr\ght full ( ! ,franciscan glory4 ,! ,holy ,*ild 0 a wood5 doll or bamb9o1 & x 0 said t he embrac$ x & t ! image came to life 9 8 arms4 ,he assur$ly 0 n ?9k+ ( less] ?+s2 b we may at lea/ say t "o ?+ came to life 9 8 arms2 & t 0 ! ?+ t we call ! drama4 ,save = 8 int5se individual love ( song1 he did n p]haps himself embody ?is _s 9 any ( ^! arts4 ,he 0 ! _s t 0 embodi$4 ,he 0 ! spiritual ess5ce & sub/ance t walk$ ! _w1 be=e anyone _h se5 ^! ?+s 9 visible =ms d]iv$ f x3 a w&]+ fire z if f n[h]e1 at :i* m5 m mat]ial c\ld light bo? tor*es & tap]s4 ,he 0 ! s\l ( m$ieval civilisation be=e x ev5 f\nd a body4 ,ano!r & q diff]5t /ream ( spiritual inspiration d]ives l>gely f him2 all t re=m+ en]gy ( m$ieval & mod]n times t goes to ! burd5 ( ,deus e/ ,deus ,paup]um4 ,8 ab/ract ard\r = human be+s 0 9 a multitude ( j m$ieval laws aga9/ ! pride & cruelty ( ri*es2 x is to-day beh9d mu* t is loosely call$ ,*ri/ian ,sociali/ & c m correctly be call$ ,ca?olic ,democrat4 ,nei!r on ! arti/ic nor ! social side w\ld anybody pret5d t ^! ?+s w\ld n h exi/$ )\t him2 yet x is /rictly true to say t we _c n[ imag9e !m )\t him2 s9ce he has liv$ & *ang$ ! _w4 ,& some?+ ( t s5se ( impot5ce :i* 0 m ?an half 8 p[] w desc5d on anyone :o kn[s :at t inspiration has be5 9 hi/ory1 & c only record x 9 a s]ies ( /raggl+ & meagre s5t5ces4 ,he w "k some?+ ( :at ,/4 ,francis meant by ! great & good debt t _c be paid4 ,he w feel at once ! desire to h done inf9itely m & ! futility ( hav+ done any?+4 ,he w "k :at x is to /& "u su* a deluge ( a dead man's m>vels1 & h no?+ 9 return to e/abli% aga9/ x2 to h no?+ to set up "u ! ov]hang+1 ov]:elm+ ar*es ( su* a temple ( "t & et]nity1 b ?is brief c&le burnt out s quickly be=e 8 %r9e4 ,,hodd] ,,& ,,/\ghton',s ,,p',s ,,libr>y ,,g5]al ,,editor3 ,,sidney ,,d>k #b_/f net ea* volume ,,/4 ,,paul',s ,,h\se1 ,,w>wick ,,squ>e1 ,e4,c4#d ,,/4 ,,francis ,,( ,,assisi4 ,by ,,gilb]t ,k4 ,,*e/]ton4 ,,victorian ,,poetry4 ,by ,,john ,,dr9kwat]4 ,,ev]yday ,,biology4 ,by ,j4 ,,ar?ur ,,?omson4 ,,! ,,poetry ,,( ,,ar*itecture4 ,by ,,frank ,,rutt]4 ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,! ,,r5aissance4 ,by ,,sidney ,,d>k4 ,,atoms ,,& ,,electrons4 ,by ,j4 ,w4 ,n4 ,,sullivan4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,read ,,hi/ory4 ,by ,w4 ,,watk9 ,,davies4 ,,our ,,debt ,,to ,,greece ,,& ,,rome4 ,by ,e4 ,b4 ,,osborn4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,enjoy ,,! ,,c\ntryside4 ,by ,,m>cus ,,woodw>d4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,enjoy ,,life4 ,by ,,sidney ,,d>k4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,enjoy ,,! ,,bible4 ,by ,,canon ,,an?ony ,c4 ,,deane1 ,m4,a4 ,g5]al ,preface ,! object ( ,,hodd] ,,& ,,/\ghton',s ,,p',s ,,libr>y is to supply 9 brief =m simply writt5 introductions to ! /udy ( ,hi/ory1 ,lit]ature1 ,biography & ,sci5ce2 9 "s degree to satisfy t ev]-increas+ dem& = k :i* is "o ( ! happie/ *>act]i/ics ( our "t4 ,! names ( ! au?ors ( ! fir/ volumes ( ! ,libr>y are suffici5t evid5ce ( ! fact t ea* subject w be dealt ) au?oritatively1 :ile ! au?ority w n be ( ! dry-z-du/ ord]4 ,n only is x possible to h le>n+ )\t te>s1 b x is also possible to make ! acquir+ ( k a ?rill+ & ent]ta9+ adv5ture4 ,,hodd] ,,& ,,/\ghton',s ,,p',s ,,libr>y w1 x is hop$1 supply ?is adv5ture4 ,pr9t$ 9 ,great ,brita94 ,r4 ,clay ,sons1 ,ltd41 ,pr9t]s1 ,bungay4