,,! ,,art ,,( ,,build+ ,a ,,home4 ,,man*e/]3 ,*orlton ,kn[les1 ,mayfield ,press4 #aija4 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,build+ ,a ,,home4 ,a ,collection ( ,lectures & ,illu/rations by ,b>ry ,p>k] & ,raymond ,unw94 ,longmans1 ,gre5 ,co41 #ci1 ,pat]no/] ,r[1 ,london1 ,new ,york1 ,bombay1 #aija4 ,,preface4 ,"s "t ago ,i publi%$ a repr9t ( two ( my articles ) illu/rations :i* _h appe>$ 9 8,! ,build+ ,news40 ,?is little publication1 ?\gh long out ( pr9t1 be+ /ill con/antly ask$ =2 & ! ne$ ( some?+ to take its place be+ felt by u2 ! "q ( re-issu+ x arose4 ,in/ead ( do+ ?is1 h[ev]1 x seem$ bett]1 z be+ a lat] & full] expression1 to collect two or ?ree ( ! lectures :i* my p>tn] & ,i _h f "t to "t writt5 = v>i\s audi5ces2 & to add by way ( illu/ration "s ( ! sket*es & photographs we _h by u4 ,s came into exi/5ce ?is book 9 its pres5t =m4 ,,b>ry ,,p>k]1 ,! ,quadrant1 ,buxton1 #aija4 ,illu/ration ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,?is ,,book4 ,page4 ,introduction ,i-,,vi ,i4 ,( ! ,small] ,middle ,class ,h\se #a ,b>ry ,p>k]4 ,,ii4 ,( ! ,dignity ( ,all ,true ,art #ba ,b>ry ,p>k]4 ,,iii4 ,( our ,education 9 ,art #cg ,b>ry ,p>k]4 ,,iv4 ,( ,art & ,simplicity #ee ,raymond ,unw94 ,v4 ,( ,furniture #fi ,b>ry ,p>k] & ,raymond ,unw94 ,,vi4 ,( ,build+ & ,natural ,beauty #hc ,raymond ,unw94 ,,vii4 ,( ,co-op]ation 9 ,build+ #ia ,raymond ,unw94 ,,viii4 ,( ! ,art ( ,design+ ,small ,h\ses & ,cottages #aji ,b>ry ,p>k] & ,raymond ,unw94 ,li/ ( ,plates & ,plates at ! end4 #acf ,,introduction4 ,! way we run 9 ruts is wond]ful3 our inability to f9d out ! "r pr9ciples ^u :i* to set to "w to accompli% :at we take 9 h&1 or to g to ! bottom ( ?+s1 is simply a/oni%+3 :ile ! resignation ) :i* we accept ! ,recognis$ & ,usual z ! ,"r & ,inevitable is really beautiful4 ,9 no?+ is ?is t5d5cy m noticeable ?an 9 ! art ( h\se-build+4 ,we beg9 by consid]+ :at1 9 ! way ( a h\se1 our neighb\rs h2 :at !y w\ld expect u to h2 :at is cu/om>y 9 ! rank ( life to :i* we belong2 any?+1 9 fact1 b :at are our actual ne$s4 ,ab\t ! la/ ?+ we d is to make our home take j t =m :i* w1 9 ! mo/ /raight=w>d mann]1 meet our requirem5ts4 ,x is too (t5 evid5t t p1 in/ead ( be+ assi/$1 & _! lives add$ to1 by ! h\ses !y occupy1 are b liv+ z well z may be 9 spite ( !m4 ,! h\se1 plann$ l>gely to meet suppos$ wants :i* nev] occur1 & sacrific$ to conv5tion & cu/om1 nei!r satisfies ! real ne$s ( its occupants nor expresses 9 any way _! individuality4 ,! plann+ hav+ be5 dictat$ by conv5tion1 all ! details are work$ out "u ! same influ5ce4 ,to ea* h\se is appli$ a c]ta9 am\nt ( mean+less me*anical & sup]ficial ornam5tation accord+ to "s recognis$ /&>d4 ,no use :atev] is made ( ! decorative prop]ties inh]5t 9 ! con/ruction & 9 ! details necess>y to ! build+4 ,^! are put z f> z possible out ( sight4 ,= example1 lat*es & locks are all let into ! doors leav+ visible ! knob only4 ,! h+es are hidd5 9 ! rebate ( ! door frame1 :ile ! real door frame1 t :i* does ! "w1 is cov]$ up ) ! /rip ( flimsy m\ld$ bo>d /yl$ ! ar*itrave4 ,all con/ructional features1 :]ev] possible1 are sme>$ ov] ) a coat ( pla/] to br+ !m up to ! same dead level ( flat monotony1 leav+ a cle> field = ! erection ( ! cu/om>y abom9ations 9 ! =m ( cornices1 imitation beams :]e no beams are want$1 pla/] brackets :i* c\ld support1 & d support1 no?+4 ,ev5 ) ! fire ! *ief aim seems to be to ackn[l$ge z few ( its prop]ties & *>act]i/ics z possible2 x is buri$ z deep 9 ! wall1 & z f> out ( sight & out ( ! way z may be2 x is smo!r$ up ) z mu* uncong5ial & inappropriate 8enri*m5t0 z c be cr[d$ r\nd x2 &1 to add ! f9al t\* ( s5seless incongruity1 "s =m ( t massive & app>5tly v con/ructional & ess5tial ?+ we call a mantelpiece is erect$1 9 wood1 /one1 or m>ble1 t[]+ x may be ev5 to ! ceil+4 ,if we 7 n s accu/om$ to x1 great w\ld be our a/oni%m5t to f9d t ?is mo/ prom95t feature has really no function :atev]1 beyond giv+ cause = a lot ( o!r ?+s z useful & beautiful z itself1 :i* exi/ only t !y may be put ^u x1 8to decorate x40 ,c\ld we b h ! "r ?+ put 9 ! "r place & left alone1 ea* object hav+ "s vital reason = be+ :]e x is1 & obvi\sly reveal+ its function2 c\ld we b h t =m giv5 to ev]y?+ :i* w\ld be/ enable x to answ] ! real purpose = :i* x exi/s2 our h\ses w\ld become places ( real int]e/4 ,! ess5ce & life ( design lies 9 f9d+ t =m = any?+ :i* w1 ) ! maximum ( conv5i5ce & beauty1 fit x = ! p>ticul> functions x has to p]=m1 & adapt x to ! special circum/ances 9 :i* x mu/ be plac$4 ,p]haps ! mo/ fruitful s\rce :5ce *>m ( design arises 9 any?+1 is ! grace ) :i* x s]ves its purpose & con=ms to its surr\nd+s4 ,h[ _m ( ! beautiful features ( ! "w ( pa/ ages1 :i* we n[ arbitr>ily reproduce & copy1 arose out ( ! skilful & graceful way 9 :i* "s old arti/-craftsman1 or *ief mason1 got ov] a difficulty6 ,if1 in/ead ( copy+ ^! features :5 & :]e ! cause = !m does n exi/1 we w\ld r emulate ! _s 9 :i* !y 7 produc$1 !re w\ld be m hope ( aga9 see+ life & vig\r 9 our ar*itecture & design4 ,:5 ! ar*itect leaves ! h\se1 ! subs]vi5ce to conv5tion is n ov]4 ,aft] him foll[ ! decorator & ! furni%]1 :o try to ov]come ! lifelessness & vapidity by cov]+ all surfaces ) fugitive decorations & incongru\s patt]ns1 & fill+ ! rooms ) flimsy /]eotyp$ furniture & nick-nacks4 ,to ^! ! mi/ress ( ! h\se w be incessantly add+1 f an in/9ctive feel+ ( ! incomplet5ess & unsatisfactor9ess ( ! :ole4 ,incid5tally we see "h "o reason :y ! influ5ce ( ! ar*itect %\ld n /op at ! completion ( ! f\r walls1 b %\ld ext5d to ! la/ detail ( ! furni%$ h\se4 ,:5 8 responsibility ceases ) ! erection ( ! %ell1 x is natural t he %\ld look v little beyond ?is4 ,!re is no inducem5t = him to "w out any def9ite s*eme = a f9i%$ room1 = he kn[s t if he _h any aim ! decorator & furni%] w\ld c]ta9ly miss x & w\ld fail to complete 8 creation4 ,if1 :5 design+ a h\se1 ! ar*itect 7 be>+ 9 m9d ! effect ea* room w\ld h :5 f9i%$ & furni%$1 8 conceptions w\ld be influ5c$ f ! v beg9n+1 & 8 attitude t[>ds ! "w w\ld t5d to und]go an entire *ange4 ,at pres5t he b too readily accepts ! popul> idea ( art z a ?+ q ap>t f life1 a sort ( trimm+ to be add$ if funds all[4 ,x is ?is preval5t conception ( beauty z a sweetmeat1 some?+ r nice :i* may be tak5 or left accord+ to incl9ation aft] ! solid meal has be5 secur$1 :i* l>gely causes ! lack ( comel9ess we f9d 9 our h\ses4 ,be=e ?is idea c be dispell$ we c appreciate ei!r ! place :i* art %\ld hold 9 our lives or ! importance ( rightly educat+ ! appreciation ( x1 we mu/ realise t beauty is "p ( ! necess>y food ( any life wor? ! "n2 t art1 :i* is ! expression ( beauty z conceiv$ & creat$ by man1 is prim>ily conc]n$ ) ! mak+ ( ! useful g>m5ts ( life beautiful1 n ) ! trimm+ ( !m2 & t1 moreov]1 9 its high] bran*es art is ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* ! mo/ subtle ideas are convey$ f man to man4 ,und]/&+ some?+ ( ! true mean+ ( art1 we may set ab\t realis+ x1 at lea/ 9 ! homes :i* are s mu* )9 our control4 ,let u h 9 our h\ses1 rooms :]e !re %all be space to c>ry on ! bus9ess ( life freely & ) pleasure1 ) furniture made = use2 rooms :]e a drop ( wat] spill$ is n fatal2 :]e ! life ( a *ild is n made a burd5 to x by unnecess>y re/ra9t2 pla91 simple1 & ung>ni%$ if necess>y1 b hone/4 ,let u h su* ornam5t z we d h really beautiful & wr\ght by h&1 c>v+1 wr\ght metal1 embroid]y1 pa9t+1 some?+ :i* x has giv5 pleasure to ! produc] to create1 & :i* %[s ?is 9 e l9e--! only possible "w ( art4 ,let u call 9 ! arti/1 bid him leave 8 easel pictures1 & pa9t on our walls & ov] ! *imney corn] l&scapes & sc5es :i* %all br+ light & life into ! room2 :i* %all speak ( nature1 purity1 & tru?2 %all become "p ( ! room1 ( ! walls on :i* !y are pa9t$1 & ( ! lives ( u :o live beside !m2 pa9t+s :i* our *ildr5 %all gr[ up to love1 & always connect ) sc5es ( home ) t vividness ( a memory f *ildhood :i* no "t c efface4 ,!n1 if necess>y1 let ! re/ ( ! walls g unt\*$ 9 all ! ri* v>iety ( col\r & tone1 ( light & %ade1 ( ! nak$ brickwork4 ,let ! floor g unc>pet$1 & ! wood unpa9t$1 t we may h "t to ?9k1 & money ) :i* to educate our *ildr5 to ?9k also4 ,let u h rooms :i* once decorat$ are always decorat$1 rooms fit to be homes 9 ! fulle/ poetry ( ! "n2 9 :i* no artificiality ne$ mom5t>ily =ce u to feel %ame = ?+s ( :i* we "k !re is no?+ to be a%am$3 rooms :i* c =m backgr\nds1 fitt+ & dignifi$1 at ! "t & 9 our memories1 = all ^? little sc5es1 ^? acts ( k9dness & small duties1 z well z ! sc5es ( deep emotion & trial1 :i* make up ! drama ( our lives at home4 ,b4 ,p4 ,r4 ,u4 ,,! ,,small] ,,middle ,,class ,,h\se4 ,a lecture deliv]$ be=e an audi5ce ( ar*itects 9 #ahie4 ,9 ! class ( h\se ) :i* we are to deal to-night1 !re are s _m directions 9 :i* improvem5t is ne$$1 t x w only be possible = me1 9 ! space ( "o lecture1 to ref] to a few ( !m1 & to ^? specially :i* w illu/rate mo/ sugge/ively ! ma9 pr9ciples = :i* ,i cont5d3 sugge/ively1 9 ! hope t "s pres5t w d me ! hon\r ( giv+ fur!r ?\ght to :at ,i %all t\* ^u1 ?an is possible to !m dur+ ! l5g? ( "t assign$ to me ?is ev5+4 ,! influ5ces :i* our common e-day surr\nd+s h ^u our *>act]s1 our conceptions1 our habits ( ?\ght & conduct1 are (t5 v mu* und]rat$2 we d n realise ! p[] !y h ( ei!r aid+ or h9d]+ ! developm5t 9 u ( ! be/ or wor/ ( :i* we are capable4 ,( ! capacity ! m]e cont\r ( a m\ld+ has to be> ! impression ( ref9em5t or vulg>ity1 we1 z ar*itects1 are fully aw>e2 b1 ,i ?9k1 may n q z fully realise ! h>mful influ5ce ( imp]fect & unspontane\s draw+1 or ill-conception 9 patt]n design1 or ill-assort$ comb9ations ( col\r4 ,! ?+ ( fir/ consid]ation 9 design+ a h\se is conv5i5ce1 workability4 ,! plan is t :i* %\ld be fir/ ?\ght (2 s1 9 our small middle class h\se1 ,i w try to sugge/ "o or two ( ! improvem5ts t seem to be mo/ want$ 9 plann+4 ,illu/ration3 ,diagrams #a1 #b1 #c ,fir/ ( all1 = ! sake ( any :o may be "h :o are n ar*itects1 ,i w j po9t out :at is ! mo/ com=table =m ( room = a sitt+ room ) respect to ! relative positions ( ! door1 w9d[s1 & fire4 ,if y\r room mu/1 ( necessity1 be squ>e or oblong 7:i* %\ld be ! case z seldom z possible71 ! =m mo/ conducive to com=t1 is ( c\rse ?is3 diagram #a4 ,! second be/ arrangem5t1 7:5 ?is _c be got7 is to h ! door & fire bo? on ! long wall1 diagram #b4 ,:5 ! door is on ! opposite wall to ! fire1 y nev] feel to be able to get out ( ! draught ( x2 & ( c\rse ?is k9d ( ?+1 diagram #c1 is too palpably bad to ne$ t any?+ %\ld be said reg>d+ x4 ,"o ( ! fir/ defects we notice 9 ! plans ( h\ses ( ! class we are speak+ (1 z usually laid d[n1 is t !re are too _m rooms all !re=e necess>ily too small4 ,9 ! l>g] middle class h\se !re are g5]ally draw+ room1 d9+ room1 libr>y1 kit*5s1 & (fices1 all tol]ably good rooms4 ,n[1 :5 a small] h\se is want$1 ! g5]al cu/om seems to be1 to put exactly ! same numb] ( rooms1 only r$uc+ all 9 size4 ,w\ld x n be f> bett] to r$uce ! numb] ( rooms1 keep+ su* rooms z we d reta91 l>ge en\gh to be heal?y1 com=table1 & habitable8 ,are n _m ( ! h\ses we "k only too well1 mo/ di/ress+ 9 ?is respect1 divid$ up1 z !y are1 into a numb] ( small comp>tm5ts1 we _c call !m rooms1 all f> too small to be heal?y2 too small to be really fit = human habitation4 ,& :at is ga9$ by ?is cramp+8 ,only t !re %all be "o or m ( ^! comp>tm5ts practically useless4 ,9 f> ! great] numb] ( ^! h\ses ! ?ird room is nev] us$1 or us$ m]ely because x happ5s to be !re1 & its *ief end seems to be to provide a place = ! wom5 ( ! h\sehold to sp5d any sp>e "t !y may h1 clean+ d[n1 du/+ c4 ,n[ _m p h a feel+ t !re is a c]ta9 cos9ess 9 a small room entirely unatta9able 9 a l>ge "o2 ?is is a mi/ake altoge!r2 q ! rev]se has be5 my exp]i5ce1 :i* is t su* a s5se ( cos9ess z c be got 9 ! recesses ( a l>ge room1 c nev] be atta9$ 9 a small "o1 be x no l>g] ?an a s5try box4 ,b if y\r big room is to be com=table x mu/ h recesses4 ,!re is a great *>m 9 a room brok5 up 9 plan1 :]e t slight feel+ ( my/]y is giv5 to x :i* arises :5 y _c see ! :ole room f any "o po9t 9 :i* y are likely to sit2 :5 !re is always some?+ r\nd ! corn]4 ,& :at is made ( ! hall8 ,g5]ally "o ( two ?+s2 ei!r x is a passage ) a k9d ( /ep-ladd] = a /aircase & a hat /& 9 x1 ) n room en\gh = y to hold ! door & let a fri5d out2 or x is a great b>e cold com=tless wa/e space1 9 ! c5tre ( ! h\se3 in/ead ( be+1 z x might1 ! mo/ com=table & homely room1 ! c5tre ( ! common life ( ! h\sehold4 ,( c\rse a hall ( ?is k9d ne$s "s c>e 9 plann+4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! /aircase mu/ occupy exactly t position 9 :i* x c be made an ornam5t & a pleas+ feature 9 ! room1 all ( :i* x is q capable ( be+1 & a position 9 :i* x does n detract f ! cos9ess1 or give any unpleasant feel+ ( draught9ess1 or too great op5ness4 ,9 ! second place1 ! doors necess>ily op5+ into a hall mu/ be c>efully s gr\p$ t ! p>ts ( ! room 9 :i* anyone w\ld sit1 %all be out ( ! draught ( !m z f> z possible4 ,any h\se is cold all ?r\gh ! w9t] mon?s unless a fire ( "s k9d is kept burn+ 9 ! hall2 _m p1 !re=e1 f9d x necess>y to h a /ove or heat+ app>atus2 &1 9 mo/ h\ses1 x is ?\ght necess>y to h two o!r fires burn+1 "o 9 ! liv+ room1 & "o 9 "s o!r room t !re may be some:]e to %[ visitors4 ,n[ :5 ! hall is also a sitt+ room1 ) a fire 9 x1 we get1 = ! tr\ble & exp5se ( two fires1 all ! advantages ord9>ily atta*+ to ?ree4 ,i mu/ n[ pass on to ,decoration & ,furniture4 ,! be/ te/ ( ! arti/ic m]its or dem]its ( a room z a :ole1 is ! impression x makes1 on "o's ent]+ = ! fir/ "t4 ,we c get accu/om$ to any?+1 & x is f ?is fact1 tak5 9 conjunction ) :at we h already not$1 ( ! p[] z an influ5ce = advancem5t or degradation ( beautiful or unbeautiful surr\nd+s1 t ! importance ( our subject to-night is p>tly drawn4 ,& :at %\ld be our feel+1 on ent]+ a room8 ,simply ?is3 ,h[ exquisitely com=table6 ,= ! fir/ ess5tial 9 ! =m & design ( any decorative object1 7& ev]y?+ 9 a room %\ld be a decorative object71 is reposefulness4 ,i feel h]e9 to be guilty ( giv+ utt]ance to a truism1 & ,i %\ld h>dly d>e to /ate s obvi\s a fact1 7 x n t ,i see ?is fir/ pr9ciple s almo/ univ]sally violat$2 =1 if ?is te/ ( reposefulness is ! te/1 ! av]age f>m h\se kit*5 has an arti/ic value f> beyond t ( n9ety-n9e out ( e hundr$ draw+ rooms 9 ! k+dom2 & ,i w endeav\r to %[ :y4 ,! fir/ fault 9 our rooms :i* contributes to ?is result is ov] decoration4 ,?is is an almo/ univ]sal fail+4 ,ev]y?+ has a patt]n on x & almo/ e patt]n is me*anically produc$1 run out by ! y>d1 & cut (f j :]e x happ5s to be :5 ! "t comes = x to f9i%4 ,no patt]n be>s any relation to any o!r patt]n1 & ! :ole effect is fidgety1 fussy1 & pa9ful to a degree4 ,no?+ is let alone1 b e surface mu/ ne$s be worri$ & tortur$ into "s un:olesome =m ( altoge!r s\l-less ornam5t4 ,we _c ev5 f9d re/ = our we>y eyes on ! ceil+1 = tortu\s intricacies ( design meet !m !re also4 ,! second fault ,i wi% to ref] to1 is t all ?is ornam5t is made to %\t1 ev]y?+ is clam\r+ = notice4 ,x w\ld n be 9 place = me to say mu* "h ab\t ^? rooms 9 :i* any "o elem5t ( decoration is 9 su* flagrantly bad ta/e z to be notic$1 imm$iately on ent]+1 ) a sort ( />t & feel+ ( 8,oh6 wall-pap]10 or 8,oh6 c>pet10 or :atev] x may happ5 to be4 7,a design] w (t5 aim at ?is = ! sake ( ! adv]tisem5t & at ! sacrifice ( 8 arti/ic pr9ciples74 ,b ev5 :5 ?is extreme is n rea*$1 ev]y?+ seems try+ )9 c]ta9 limits to ass]t itself1 to attract att5tion4 ,n[ any ornam5t y notice :5 y d n look = x1 or p]haps ,i might bett] say1 :5 y d n wi% to ?9k ( x1 is necess>ily 9 bad ta/e4 ,! degree ( ass]tiv5ess admissible 9 a decorative object dep5ds ^u ! degree ( its naturalisation or conv5tionalisation1 or1 to put x ano!r way1 on ! degree 9 :i* x is f9e or me*anical4 ,& ?\gh we _c pret5d to regulate by rules ( ?is k9d1 pictures :i* are direct mirrors z f> z possible ( real ?+s1 yet1 9 s f> z !y are mural decorations1 !y come "u ?is law4 ,mr4 ,rusk9's wall1 pa9t$ to look l a v9]y1 w\ld admit ( mu* m =cible treatm5t1 be+ entirely pa9t$ by h& & z true to nature z possible1 ?an w\ld a wall ) a pr9t$ v9e patt]n on x 9 :i* !re necess>ily 0 repetition4 ,& natural fl[]s pa9t$ may fitt+ly be treat$ mu* m =cibly ?an w\ld be admissible 9 a purely conv5tional design1 because natural fl[]s1 hills1 trees1 _c become ass]tive en\gh to influ5ce "o disquiet+ly4 ,!re=e ! m ne>ly approa*+ to nature1 ! m ass]tive may be our ornam5t1 or r ! less ass]tive x w be f ?is v reason1 & !re=e may be ! m =cible 9 treatm5t4 ,s we c /&1 9 a conv5tional patt]n design1 a degree ( contra/ 9 tones1 :i* we c\ld n tol]ate 9 flat masses ( col\r4 ,"o ( ! *ief und]ly+ causes ( ?is fail+ ( fuss9ess we h not$1 is1 t a room is sc>cely ev] design$ z a :ole1 nev] en\gh ?\ght ( z a :ole4 ,! design] ( ea* individual ?+1 kn[+ no?+ ( ! =m or "* :i* any?+ else 9 ! room 0 go+ to take1 ?\ght only ( 8 own design1 work$ en\gh int]e/ into x to make x all-suffici5t 9 itself2 & ! consequ5ce1 :5 8 design gets put into a room 9 conjunction ) a lot ( o!r ?+s1 all design$ 9 j ! same _s1 is1 t re/lessness we h be5 deplor+4 ,a room is a place 9 :i* to ?9k ( o!r ?+s besides ^? relat+ exclusively to ! room itself1 & s mu* incid5t & int]e/ %\ld n be work$ into x z to di/ract+ly affect ! pursuance ( ^! ?\ghts occupations4 ,i say aga91 any ornam5t :i* y notice :5 y d n wi% to is necess>ily 9 bad ta/e4 ,:5 *oos+ any?+1 a wall pap] = in/ance1 we =get t we are1 :ile s do+1 devot+ all our ?\ght & att5tion to ! design we are consid]+2 & t1 ?\gh pleas+ "u ^! circum/ances1 x may n be equally s to h by u :5 we wi% to ?9k ( o!r ?+s1 or 9 ! position = :i* we int5d x4 ,n[ no flat me*anical ornam5t1 design$ to cov] a l>ge space1 %\ld ev] be s design$ t y are able easily to trace ! patt]n at ! o!r side ( ! room4 ,please d n und]/& f ?is t x %\ld be small 9 design2 f> f x2 ?+s small 9 design are1 almo/ necess>ily1 f9ik9 & !re=e unreposeful2 b be+ quiet & retir+ 9 col\r & contra/ ( tones1 :e!r l>ge or small1 let x reveal1 :5 y come to h leisure to exam9e x1 vigor\s broad & direct treatm5t1 good lov+ ?\ghtful draw+1 real arti/ic conception1 & p]ception ( beauty 9 =m & l9e4 ,h[ seldom we get ^! qualities3 h[ lab\r$ & unspontane\s mo/ patt]ns are6 ,into :at un:olesome =ms ! ornam5t is tortur$1 h[ ! "o aim seems to be to make ! design z re/less & fussy z possible6 ,a sort ( feel+ p]vades ! :ole1 t ! design] c\ld n let ! ?+ alone4 ,i ?9k we mu/ n n[ g f> into ! faults 9 actual draughtsman%ip mo/ common 9 our designs4 ,b "o ?+ is v /rik+3 our design]s1 almo/ )\t exception1 seem to be out ( _! dep? directly any?+ 9 ! way ( =e%ort5+ is requir$ ( !m2 ?is _c b lead u to ! conclusion1 t draw+ f ,nature does n =m a suffici5tly important "p ( _! tra9+4 ,9 fact ,i h myself kn[n sev]al m51 engag$ entirely 9 draw+ ornam5t1 :o nev] drew a bud or twig f ,nature 9 _! lives4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 ! fact rema9s t v few ( our design]s seem able to draw a leaf turn+ ov] ) any tru? & accuracy4 ,ano!r cause ( failure 9 our rooms is ! dread ( repeat+ ourselves4 ,) my wi% t a m :olesome feel+ 9 ?is may spr+ up among all engag$ 9 arti/ic "w1 ,i am p]haps m anxi\s to h y\r sympa?y ?an ) any?+ :i* has gone be=e4 ,let u !n d no?+ diff]5t f :at we h done be=e1 until we feel x to be bett] ?an :at we h done be=e4 ,n[ ?is fe> ( repetition is no imag9>y evil1 b a v real & liv+ "o4 ,h[ (t5 d we all attempt some?+ fre%1 kn[+ x n to be ! be/ we c d1 7be/ ,i mean m 9 k9d ?an degree7 simply f a weak dislike t p %\ld say ( u1 t we h only "o /yle4 ,h[ (t5 d we turn out a design = a c]ta9 purpose & position1 kn[+ x to be n s good z "o we h be=e made = a simil> purpose & position1 simply because we h n /r5g? to repeat :at we believe to be be/1 le/ p %\ld ?9k t is all we c d4 ,9 s do+ we preclude all possibility ( developm5t4 ,n[ obs]ve1 ?is nev] occurs dur+ ! progress ( any liv+ art 9 ! pa/4 ,! man :o _h c>v$ "o ,e>ly ,engli% capital did n1 :5 next he _h a capital to c>ve1 say1 8,i "k no?+ m beautiful1 b ,i mu/ at any rate d some?+ diff]5t1 ,i mu/ n put ! same capital "h aga940 ,on ! contr>y1 8 aim 0 to c>ve a simil> capital aga91 only he w\ld try to d a bett] "o2 = probably he _h notic$ "s little po9t 9 :i* he c\ld improve on ! la/ he did2 "s way 9 :i* he c\ld mass 8 light & %ade s z to give !m a m pleas+ =m :5 se5 at a di/ance2 or "s m lovely feel+ x 0 possible to introduce into ! reveal ( a leaf or ! curve ( a /em4 ,y mu/ =give me if ,i dwell on ?is a little4 ,= x is ( vital importance t all ( u :o h any hope or wi% to see a liv+ art aga9 exi/5t among u1 %\ld realise ! full significance ( ?is4 ,!re are _m o!r *anges :i* mu/ take place 9 our practice ( ! arts1 & ^! v radical *anges1 be=e liv+ art is aga9 possible to u2 b if ,i c br+ home to anyone1 directly or indirectly1 ! full significance ( ?is1 ,i %all h done some?+ t[>ds ?is great end4 ,9 excuse x may be & is said1 8,?is aim+ at *ange1 v>iety1 novelty1 c4 is dem&$ ( ! design] by a caprici\s *ange-lov+ public1 broadly speak+1 incapable ( any true judgm5t or appreciation ( good & bad 9 art40 ,9 reply to ?is1 ,i ?9k we _c d bett] ?an recall :at ,mr4 ,rusk9 says on ?is head4 8,y may l mak+ money exce$+ly2 b if x come to a fair "q1 :e!r y are to make five hundr$ p\nds less by ?is bus9ess1 or to spoil y\r build+1 & y *oose to spoil y\r build+1 !re's an end ( y4 ,s y may be z ?ir/y = fame z a cricket is = cream2 b1 if x come to a fair "q1 :e!r y are to please ! mob1 or d ! ?+ z y "k x ought to be done2 & y c't d bo?1 & *oose to please ! mob1--its all ov] ) y2--!re's no hope = y2 no?+ t y c d w ev] be wor? a man's glance z he passes by40 ,a fur!r cause ( failure 9 decorat+ & furni%+ is virtually ! same z we notic$ :5 speak+ ( plann+4 ,:5 a small middle class h\se is want$1 :at is usually done1 we saw1 is virtually to take a plan suitable = a l>g] h\se & r$uce x e way1 in/ead ( design+ a h\se suit$ to ! new requirem5ts4 ,?is same mi/ake is g5]ally made 9 ! decoration & furniture2 in/ead ( ^! be+ design$ to suit ! condition or circum/ances 9 :i* !y are to be plac$1 ea* design$ = its position & purpose1 & good & hone/ z f> z x goes1 :at d we f9d8 ,*eap5$ imitations ( ! sort ( ?+ common 9 ! l>g] h\se1 *eap5$ by be+ badly made1 by v5e] on p9e in/ead ( solid wood1 by ca/ metals & ornam5t made to look l wr\ght1 by ma*9e c>v$ wood1 by m>bl$ slate1 c4 ,p4 ,g4 ,hub]t 9 8 little book entitl$ 8,lib]ty & a ,liv+10 says3 8,"o ( my critics1 = :om ,i h great p]sonal def]5ce1 tells me t my !ory ( life t5ds to a relapse into b>b>ism1 & 9 illu/ration ( ! tru? ( 8 position1 he po9t$ "o ev5+ to a music /& ne> ! piano ) ! rem>k3 8,) y\r ideas1 t /& w\ld nev] be made ( mahogany & elaborately ornam5t$1 b w\ld be ( p9e1 p]haps /a9$40 8,well1 suppose x 01 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t ! great] use ( common mat]ial1 /a9$ p9e & o!r *eap wood1 9 ! h\ses ( p ( ta/e is a di/9ct indication ( a ne$$ re=m4 ,take ! little music /& 9 illu/ration4 ,its purpose is to hold a numb] ( music books & loose %eets ( music4 ,x has ?ree or f\r %elves1 & is s made z to /& 9 a corn] ne> ! piano & take up b little room4 ,x is made ( mahogany1 highly poli%$1 is ornam5t$1 z mo/ p w\ld call x1 ) a sort ( /ucco-bead+1 :i* to me is di/a/eful4 ,b x co/ money1 & !re=e has its reasons = be+ 9 c]ta9 eyes4 ,i h =gott5 :at x co/ me--probably f fifte5 to tw5ty doll>s4 ,?anks to ! gr[? ( good ta/e1 ,i c to-day pick out f half-a-doz5 books ,i "k ( a little design = a music /&1 or sket* x myself1 & ! ne>e/ c>p5t] w make ! ?+ 9 a day at a co/ ( two or ?ree doll>s = wood1 labor1 & /a9+4 ,! result w be some?+ :i* is pleasant] to my eye1 & ,i w v5ture to say to ! eyes ( n9e out ( t5 p]sons ( educat$ ta/e4 ,! o!r fifte5 or sixte5 doll>s sav$ may be devot$ to books1 pictures1 music--any ( ! ?+s :i* really add some?+ to life4 ,! music /& ( /a9$ p9e w d its "w j z well z ! "o made ( mahogany1 inlaid ) /ucco bead+--9 fact x w d x bett]1 = x w n ne$ a p]iodic rubb+ on ! "p ( ! p>l\r-maid to keep x bright & poli%$1 & x c be mov$ ab\t :5 occasion dem&s1 z x weighs b little4 ,x is z /rong z ! o!r1 & x w la/ a hundr$ ye>s40 ,& n[ = ! la/ cause ( failure ( :i* ,i %all speak1 & ?is is3 ! v m>k$ feel+ :i* ev]y?+ has ( n hav+ be5 design$ = its place3 ! look ev]y?+ has ( be+ ready to move at any mom5t4 ,mo/ ?+s to look "r & happy 9 _! places mu/ be design$ = _! places4 ,! advantages atta*+ to a room furni%$ 9 ?is way1 & l>gely by means ( fixtures1 ,i ?9k ! accompany+ sket*es w d some?+ to illu/rate4 ,!re is a unity1 complet5ess1 com=t1 & repose ab\t su* a room1 :i* c nev] be got 9 a room 9 :i* ! furniture c4 is n design$ = its position & look+ at home !re1 b is j tempor>ily /uck :]e x happ5s to /&1 ) a look ( be+ on ! al]t1 & ready to move on at a mom5t's notice4 ,b x is "t to sum up our position & note ! g5]al conclusions to :i* we are l$4 ,i h describ$ "s ( ! defects we mo/ commonly see 9 plann+1 & ! arrangem5t ( ! hall2 ! entire want ( reposefulness1 7t infallible crit]ion ( good ornam5t71 t tr\bles ! man ( ta/e 9 ne>ly all dome/ic decorative "w2 & ! lack ( fitness 9 ! furniture t is g5]ally cr[d$ into ! rooms ( small] middle class h\ses1 :i* adds ! f9al t\* to ! complete failure1 f an arti/ic po9t ( view1 ( ! great majority ( su* rooms4 ,i fur!r m5tion$ z causes g5]ally contribut+ to ?is failure1 ov]-decoration1 ! cov]+ ( all surfaces ) a mass ( incongru\s patt]ns1 q fatal1 ev5 :]e ! designs are 9 !mselves good3 ! ef=tfulness ( mo/ ornam5t1 by :i* e patt]n seems to clam\r = notice1 9 :i* connexion ,i /at$ z a guid+ pr9ciple1 t any ornam5t y notice be=e y look = x1 is likely to be 9 bad ta/e4 ,fur!r ,i notic$ ! lab\r$ & unspontane\s "* ( s _m ( ! designs !mselves & ! lack ( good draw+ 9 !m1 & h9t$ t ?is arose p>tly f ! design]'s dread ( repeat+ himself1 & 8 eag]ness to produce some?+ fre% )\t consid]+ :e!r x 0 bett]4 ,f9ally ,i drew att5tion to ! way 9 :i* s _m rooms are furni%$ ) *eap imitations ( bett] or m e/eem$ mat]ials1 decorat$ ) ca/1 or o!rwise me*anically produc$ imitations ( h&-wr\ght ornam5t1 & ! g5]al unfitness1 & ready-to-move look1 :i* results f !re be+ no fix$ furniture1 b all hav+ be5 design$ )\t any ?\ght ( ! room1 & ! room plann$ )\t any view to its furniture4 ,i h sev]al times h9t$ t ! entire lack ( unity1 :i* is ! inevitable result ( all ?is1 mu/ cont9ue1 s long z our rooms & our h\ses are nev] ?\ght out z a :ole1 s long z "o man plans ! build+1 ano!r arranges ! decorations1 & a ?ird picks up ! furniture ( tw5ty design]s1 "h & !re & ev]y:]e4 ,x is ess5tial to any good result1 t "o man %\ld design ! h\se z a :ole4 ,i d n mean necess>ily t he %\ld design ev]y?+ 9 x1 or draw ) 8 own h& e detail2 b he mu/ ex]cise a controll+ p[]1 select+ :]e he does n design1 & ensur+ t ! "w ( all may be done 9 a _s ( co-op]ation t[>ds ! complete :ole :i* he plann$4 ,y w all be wi%+ to ask me1 ,i d\bt n1 h[ ?is is possible 9 our days ( speculative build+1 %ort leases %ort] t5ancies4 ,i mu/ at once admit t to a l>ge "p ( ?is "w su* a sy/em is inapplicable1 ?\gh ev5 "h mu* c\ld be done if ea* dep>tm5t made :at improvem5ts are possible irrespective ( ! o!rs4 ,! lack ( p[] to control ! decorations does n excuse a badly plann$ hall4 ,b outside ! purely speculative build+ !re is yet a l>ge am\nt ( "w to :i* ! sy/em is applicable1 9 great] or less degree1 su* degree ma9ly dep5d+ on our cli5ts3 & "h we h ! real difficulty4 ,we are p[]less to compel our cli5ts1 nay1 to a l>ge ext5t1 ! cli5t has a "r to h 8 own way4 ,i suppose a doctor is 9 a simil> fix2 he is call$ 9 to prescribe = a pati5t & f9ds 8 prescription is useless because ! pati5t w cont9ue to smoke2 he does n1 if he is wor? any?+1 accept ! situation2 b he expla9s t smok+ is1 9 ?is case1 fatal1 t x r5d]s 8 skill unavail+2 &1 if all 8 advice is neglect$1 he w f9ally refuse to act4 ,ar*itecture is rightly call$ a pr(ession only :5 ! ar*itect advises 8 cli5t :at is be/1 & br+s ! :ole weight ( 8 k & exp]i5ce to p]suade him f any?+ fooli%1 or 9 bad ta/e4 ,:5 he produces to ord] "s plan ( :i* he _c approve1 he is m]ely a m]*ant ( plans4 ,:ile speak+ ( ?is duty ( ! ar*itect1 ,i w\ld n be ?\ght to make light ( _m conditions ( mod]n life :i* w1 s long z !y cont9ue1 & to ! ext5t to :i* !y spread1 h9d] all attempts to produce beautiful & dignifi$ homes4 ,"o su* condition is ! in/ability ( social position2 ev]yone is seek+ to get a /ep fur!r up ! social ladd]4 ,! result is a dem& = h\ses :i* look z ?\gh !y belong$ to ! social grade next above t ( ! p :o are to live 9 !m4 ,to su* untrue aims art refuses any c\nt5ance2 & x is well4 ,b !re is an already great & daily increas+ numb] ( ^? :o are we>y ( ?is fruitless /ruggle1 ( a life sp5t 9 "w entirely )\t int]e/ or beauty1 or ! p[] ( giv+ a ve/ige ( real pleasure1 t !y may h ! means to acquire ?+s )\t int]e/1 beauty1 or ! p[] ( giv+ any pleasure beyond ! sordid satisfaction ( lett+ ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,s-&-,s see !y c af=d to h !m4 ,^! are anxi\s to f9d h\ses suit$ to _! g5u9e wants1 h\ses 9 :i* ! "w w be r$uc$ to a m9imum1 & ! beauty increas$ to a maximum1 by ! only true me?od ( mak+ all ! useful & necess>y ?+s beautiful2 n by ! false me?od ( keep+ all useful necess>y ?+s out ( sight1 try+ to conceal _! purpose or to appe> unconsci\s ( _! exi/5ce1 & sub/itut+ = !m ?+s recognis$ to be useless b reg>d$ 7s long z ! fa%ion la/s at any rate7 z beautiful4 ,?is poli%$ mahogany life ( ours1 ) /ucco trimm+s & j]ry jo9ts pres5t$ = view to our visitors & acqua9tances 9 ! front room1 is n1 ,i believe1 :at _m ( u really want2 we are tir$ also ( ! dismal & cramp$1 b at anyrate real1 back (fice1 back room1 & kit*5 life2 _m are look+ = h\ses 9 :i* !y %all n sp5d _! lab\r = t :i* is n bread1 b %all be able to live a life ( less artificiality ?an our pres5t complex #ai? c5tury exi/5ce1 a tru]1 heal?i] life altoge!r4 ,i h j said1 t ! true me?od ( mak+ a room beautiful is to make all ! necess>y & useful ?+s 9 x beautiful2 s mu* is ?is true t x becomes almo/ impossible to design a really beautiful room t is to h no useful "w done 9 x or natural life liv$ 9 x4 ,an ar*itect call$ ^u to design a room 9 :i* no?+ m e>ne/ is to be done ?an to gossip ov] aft]noon tea has1 inde$1 a sad job4 ,= a room mu/ always d]ive its dignity or meanness f1 & reflect some:at1 ! "* & k9d ( occupation :i* is c>ri$ on 9 x4 ,= in/ance1 ! /udio ( an arti/1 ! /udy ( a man ( lett]s1 ! work%op ( a c>p5t]1 or ! kit*5 ( a f>mh\se1 ea* 9 its position & degree1 d]ives a dignity & int]e/ f ! "w done 9 x4 ,& ! ?+s 9 ! room be> "s relation to t "w1 & w be ! furniture & surr\nd+s natural to x2 z ! b5* & tools 9 ! c>p5t]'s %op2 ! easels & canvasses 9 ! /udio2 ! books & pap]s 9 ! /udy2 & ! bright pans & crock]y 9 ! kit*54 ,all ^! l5d a s5se ( active1 useful1 human life to ! room1 :i* r$eems x f vulg>ity1 ?\gh x be ! simple/ possible2 & no am\nt ( decoration or ornam5tation c give dignity or homel9ess to a room :i* is us$ z a %[ room1 or 9 :i* no regul> useful life is liv$4 ,= 9 ! "w room all ?+s h a place1 by reason ( _! usefulness1 :i* gives a s5se ( fitness & repose entirely want+ 9 a room :]e a place has obvi\sly _h to be f\nd = ev]y?+1 z 9 a draw+ room4 ,h[ f> ?+s beautiful alone1 are to be all[$ place 9 our rooms ,i am n prep>$ to say4 ,?oreau1 y w rememb]1 ?rew away 8 fossil1 ! only ornam5t 9 8 room1 because x requir$ du/+4 ,:ile n sugge/+ t we %\ld foll[ 8 example to su* an extreme1 ,i yet ?9k t 9 reta9+ 8 spade & 8 axe he reta9$ m ( true decoration4 ,& ,i believe 9 ! ma9 t ! m adapt$ to its use any?+ is1 ! m graceful w x be 9 %ape4 ,! b5t h&le ( ! axe1 m com=table to hold1 is also m beautiful ?an ! /raight1 & 9 ! degree ! curve & =m ( ! h&le is adapt$ to its uses z an axe1 by j s mu* ! m beautiful x becomes4 ,! *>m ( ! f>mh\se kit*51 ) ev]y?+ 9 its place because ( its usefulness1 c ( c\rse be increas$ to an unlimit$ ext5t by mak+ all ! useful articles also beautiful 9 =m1 & h>moni\s 9 color4 ,?is is ! l9e on :i* alone1 ,i cont5d1 a really beautiful room is to be got2 & ,i w\ld disc\rage all attempts at adornm5t by f9d+ places = useless ?+s4 ,i am glad to ?9k t1 ow+ to ! great increase ( education & employm5t among ladies1 !re w be less & less call = ! old-fa%ion$ draw+ room2 ladies w want a room to "w 91 n to dawdle 94 ,p>don me if ,i seem to h dwelt ov] long on "s ( ^! difficulties 9 ! way ( design+ really beautiful rooms4 ,i h done s 9 ! belief t !y d n1 z at fir/ may appe>1 lie outside our prov9ce4 ,= ,i believe1 z pr(essional m51 we h j su* p[] ( influ5c+ our cli5ts by help+ !m t[>ds a m natural life z ! doctor has 9 su* matt]s z diet2 & p>ticul>ly is ?is p[] evid5t 9 ! dome/ic bran* ( ! pr(ession1 ) :i* we are deal+4 ,9 build+ a man's %ell = him we c]ta9ly c influ5ce v l>gely ! life he w live )9 x2 & :ile x is our duty to make t %ell fit ! life z well z possible1 x is surely also our privilege to make x conduce to ! realisation ( ! be/ ( :i* he is capable4 ,9 s f> z we d ?is1 we %all rise above ! m]e plann] ( h\ses & take our places 9 ! "w ( plann+ & m\ld+ ! future life ( ! p4 ,,b>ry ,,p>k]4 ,,! ,,dignity ,,( ,,all ,,true ,,art4 ,! k9%ip betwe5 all ! v>i\s bran*es ( art is s v close1 t in/ead ( speak+ ( !m z diff]5t arts1 x w\ld really be m accurate to describe !m z only diff]5t m$ia = expression ( ! same tru?4 ,our object 9 try+ to express ourselves 9 "s "o =m ( art1 is to br+ home to ^? to :om ?is =m mo/ appeals1 tru?s :i* we see are pass$ ov] by !m unhe$$ & uncompreh5d$ :5 express$ 9 ano!r4 ,_m ( ! pr9ciples & tru?s ,i hope to br+ be=e y are s mu* m easily set =? 9 o!r arts ?an t ( language1 t ! attempt to use ?is =m w\ld seem unnecess>y & undesirable 7 x n = ! tru? ( :at ,i h j said1 t ea* ( ! arts appeals cle>ly expresses its mean+s & tea*+s only to a "p ( ^? to :om x is address$4 ,all feel some?+ ( ! mean+s express$ ?r\gh art1 no matt] :at =m ( expression may h be5 *os51 b e "o w be m directly appeal$ to & w m cle>ly und]/& ! message express$ 9 "o art ?an !y w\ld t1 or "s o!r message1 express$ 9 ano!r4 ,x _c be d5i$ t _m get f music :at !y see n 9 poetry1 :ile o!rs le>n f poetry :at !y miss 9 music1 pa9t+1 sculpture1 or ar*itecture2 t "s c feel & "k tru? 9 ar*itecture !y f9d n 9 ! drama1 & _m le>n f ! drama :at no o!r art c tea* !m4 ,= ?\gh x is true t _m ( our greate/ arti/s c\ld h express$ !mselves1 z "s h express$ !mselves1 ) equal p[] ?r\gh sev]al m$ia2 _m ( our greate/ poets might h made equally great pa9t]s1 & our pa9t]s1 poets2 /ill few c\ld possibly f9d "t to acquire equal k ( sev]al arts4 ,& ?\gh mo/ m51 be+ ma/]s ( "o art1 w h abundant sympa?y & love = ! o!rs1 yet life w prove too %ort = !m to come to feel & "k ! messages or tru?s ( any o!r ) equal cle>ness4 ,b1 hav+ !m 9 ! dep?s ( _! natures1 !y w feel1 ?\gh dimly p]haps1 t !y are all "o1 & t _! vital tru?s belong to all alike1 & are ess5tially ! same 9 all1 & are ( ! v life ( all t is wor?y1 all t is beautiful1 true1 or noble4 ,n[ all ! greate/ tru?s are s broad & univ]sal 9 _! v elem5ts1 t !y are incapable ( cle> def9ition & mu/ dep5d on ! subtleties ( true art = expression4 ,& 9 ?is lies ! dignity ( all true art1 9 t by x & ?r\gh x only c ! highe/ tru?s be taught1 or true education rea*$4 ,music is ! mo/ p]fect means ( say+ :at _c be express$ 9 words4 ,none ( u c translate into words :at has be5 reveal$ to u ?r\gh music1 x is a means ( expression above & beyond words2 pa9t+1 poetry1 sculpture1 ar*itecture1 ev5 a m]e col\r s*eme1 c all tell u mu* :i* is beyond ! p[] ( any direct expression4 ,! deep] ! tru? ! m dep5d5t x is ^u "o or o!r ( ^! arts = its expression4 ,none ( u c say :at music has br\ght home to u1 none ( u c tell :at a beautiful build+ has said to u4 ,if we try to give all ^! ?+s 9 words1 8beauty10 8tru?10 or t hopelessly feeble phrase 8elevat+ influ5ce10 & k9dr$ t]ms1 are all t come to our aid ) :i* to tell ( !m4 ,into ^! weak inadequate words we h to read all t :i* we h le>n$ f o!r arts1 s give !m a mean+ !y are incapable ( convey+1 unless we h felt x ?r\gh influ5ces above & beyond !m4 ,music1 ! mo/ p]fect ( ! arts1 is ! mo/ subtle1 ! mo/ inexplicable4 ,x seems to be1 7if ,i may use ! expression71 ! mo/ direct gift ( ,god to man1 except+ ( c\rse t revelation ( ,himself :i* we call ,nature1 & :i* is above all arts or any?+ ne$+ man's in/rum5tality4 ,:y has music ?is p[] ( call+ =? all t is be/ 9 u1 ( mak+ u feel ! great ?+s beyond expression8 ,we _c say4 ,we feel1 & s we "k & realise1 t music nev] deceives1 & is ! only art :i* is nev] misund]/ood4 ,h] revelation is ei!r tak5 or left1 x is ei!r compreh5d$ or pass$ by unhe$$1 b x is nev] miscon/ru$4 ,x may be und]/ood & felt 9 a degree only4 ,x may give m ( its message to "o ?an to ano!r1 b 9 s f> z x is und]/ood at all1 x is truly und]/ood & nev] misleads1 & h]e9 lies its greatness4 ,"s !re are :o say !y c express by language or o!r arts :at ! musician is speak+ ( 9 8 music2 ?is only %[s t all 9 :i* music transc5ds o!r arts is beyond _! conception4 ,! messages music has = u are above & beyond su* ?+s z c be put into words1 & to h x m]ely tell+ a /ory :i* c\ld equally well1 or p]haps ev5 bett]1 h be5 told 9 words1 or ev5 to h x imitat+ ! s\nds ( ! sea1 ! voices ( ! /orm1 ! :isp] ( ! trees1 or ! sorr[ ( ! w9d1 is to miss mu* ( its greatness4 ,! messages ( music may h be5 at "s times ! same z ^? ( ,nature1 9 ! sea1 ! /ream1 or ! trees1 b to make x m]ely a less compreh5sible language1 tell+ u :at writt5 or spok5 language c tell u1 is to take f x mu* ( its nobility & to deprive x ( "s ( its mo/ sacr$ pr]ogatives4 ,s if we foll[ ?is ?r\gh we see its tru? 9 all ! arts4 ,poetry1 p>tak+ ( ! "* ( music1 c br+ home to u ?+s too subtle1 too high1 to be told to u 9 prose1 b may be misund]/ood z music _c be4 ,9 its highe/ influ5ces1 9 ^? elem5ts :i* x has 9 common ) music1 x is1 l music1 ei!r tak5 rightly or n compreh5d$ at all1 b 9 _m ( its less] & m def9able messages x may be misund]/ood4 ,a v little ?\ght w %[ h[ absolutely true 9 lit]ature is :at ,i h said1 z to ! position art mu/ hold z ! only means ( express+ ! greate/ tru?s1 & w %[ too1 t j z our !me advances 9 dignity1 w x increas+ly ne$ ! aid ( art to give x expression4 ,! meane/ ?+s ( life are mo/ easily express$4 ,we c give our f9ancial position ) cle>ness 9 figures4 ,we c express ! composition ( a gas ) absolute accuracy 9 a =mula4 ,we c give almo/ any m]e sci5tific fact 9 words4 ,we c ev5 /ate ! prop]ties ( a triangle ) "s def9it5ess4 ,b beyond ?is we _c g )\t call+ ,art to our aid2 & ! high] we attempt to so> ! m dep5d5t ^u h] d we become4 ,our laws & legal docum5ts are a con/ant comm5t ^u & illu/ration ( ! utt] failure inevitably result+ f any attempt to express ) absolute accuracy1 )\t ! aid ( art1 any ( ^? ?+s :i* involve que/ions ( morality1 love1 tru?1 ju/ice1 or any ( ! high] qualities ( our nature2 = !y h always be5 & mu/ always be ! mo/ obscure1 involv$1 & incompreh5sible attempts at expression 9 any language4 ,s we g upw>ds f ! sci5tific =mula & ! laws ( geometry1 pa/ ! legal docum5t to ! newspap] article1 & ev]yday prose1 until we come to ! m matt]-(-fact =ms ( philosophy1 !nce on to p>able1 fiction & fairy tale1 f ^! to sculpture1 ar*itecture1 pa9t+1 & poetry1 call+ 9 at e /age m & m ( ! aid ( art1 until we arrive at la/ at t mo/ p]fect art1 & mo/ complete expression1 music4 ,& obs]ve1 all ! way ?r\gh ! s]ies we h mov$ less & less )9 ! regions ( def9itely /atable facts1 & m & m 9 ! regions ( ^? tru?s :i* c be felt kn[n1 b n def9itely express$4 ,great tru?s1 :i* are = all "t & all peoples1 mu/ be express$ 9 an art at any rate z high 9 dignity z p>able 9 "o ( its _m =ms4 ,! greate/ tea*]s h recognis$ ?is4 ,all great tru?s mu/ be pres5t$ 9 a =m 9 :i* ^? :o are capable ( realis+ !m c f9d !m1 :ile o!rs miss1 ea* c take away :at he c compreh5d4 ,?is is only ano!r way ( say+ aga91 great tru?s c only be express$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( art1 = x is an ess5tial prop]ty ( all true art t x %all sugge/ & imply m ?an x actually says4 ,i h said art is ! only true educator betwe5 man & man1 & a k & appreciation ( ^? ?+s :i* ?r\gh art alone we c le>n1 is ! only true education4 ,b ,i w\ld n = "o mom5t be ?\ght to lose sight ( ! fact t ,nature c & does tea* u m ?an any "w ( man4 ,%e has influ5ces ov] u t5d+ to ! highe/ education2 ) ^! ,i 0 n conc]n+ myself 9 ! above1 = ,i 0 speak+ ( man's influ5ce ^u 8 fell[ man4 ,i am to try & give "s idea ( :]e9 lies ! life & vitality ( "s ( ! humbl] bran*es ( art4 ,i say humbl]1 = ,i w h none ( ! %all[ hypocrisy ( ^? :o1 n be+ able to pa9t a great reali/ic picture1 pret5d t _! little conv5tional decorations are a high] & nobl] bran* ( art1 & :o1 because ! great picture may be /ill great] by be+ also decorative1 & c only atta9 to its greate/ :5 x is also decorative1 argue t all decorative art is great] ?an pictorial4 ,x is my aim to %[ t to ^! appli$ arts also belongs mu* ( t p[] to express ^? high] ?+s :i* are felt & kn[n only ?r\gh art4 ,we all "k t ! m]e =m ( a *air1 ! cont\r ( a m\ld1 ! %ape ( a bracket1 a s*eme ( col\r1 h p[] to affect u1 9 a degree1 9 j ! same way music does1 &1 ) awe let u realise x1 ev5 z ,nature h]self does4 ,& ,i w\ld h e craftsman & e practis] ( ! arts z deeply impress$ ) ! dignity ?is places ^u him1 & ! responsibilities x br+s ) x1 z he c possibly be4 ,i w\ld h him feel ?is tru?1 t 9 8 degree he is in/rum5tal 9 ei!r =w>d+ or ret>d+ 8 fell[ m5 9 _! highe/ & true/ education2 t 9 j s f> z 8 art is true or false1 real & vital1 or feeble & ins9c]e1 he is advanc+ or h9d]+ ?is great "w2 t true art is ! gr&e/ "w ( :i* humanity is capable1 & t ?r\gh x alone c man advance to high] ?+s ?an ^? ( :i* he is n[ capable4 ,we c none ( u "k1 & c]ta9ly none ( u are 9 any dang] ( ov]-e/imat+1 ! good influ5ce ( a beautiful build+ ^u all ^? :o pass & repass x daily2 & ! smalle/ & mo/ insignificant article 9 our daily use has1 9 its own degree1 l p[] to help or h9d] our developm5t4 ,:]e9 tru? 9 art consi/s1 none b ! arti/ c "k1 & he _c tell to ano!r :at he kn[s ( x himself2 he has le>n$ x1 fir/ f an inborn in/9ct & gift1 & second1 by t education :i* true art only c promote1 & o!rs c only come to a k ( x 9 ! same way4 ,! :ole _s & tr5d1 all ! outside circum/ances1 influ5ces1 & conditions ( mod]n life1 are aga9/ ! arti/ & true art4 ,! pres5t individuali/ic & competitive basis ( society makes a liv+ art almo/ an impossibility1 b ,i d n propose we %\ld conc]n ourselves n[ ) que/ions :i* are n )9 ! design]'s p[]1 b only ) ^? ?+s :i* he c & mu/ see t he p]sonally rightly und]/&s & practises4 ,no good "w 9 any field ( art 0 ev] yet done 9 a hurry2 x maybe done quickly1 ) ! utmo/ en]gy1 ?is w probably only give x vitality1 b all outside pressure means dea? to art4 ,all true art "w mu/ always be done "u ! v ke5e/ /ress ( m5tal ef=t2 x _c be slov5ly1 c>eless1 or int]e/less 9 its smalle/ detail1 b mu/ be wr\ght ) e faculty al]t ) an absorption & conc5tration am\nt+ to ab&on1 & x mu/ be done1 c only be done = ! love ( x4 ,o!r motives !re may be1 & 9 great] or less degree !re w be1 b ?is mu/ be fir/ & p>am\nt1 or true art is impossible4 ,a v fruitful cause ( failure is ! ef=t to be orig9al4 ,9 ! loa?some di/ortions ( fa%ion we see daily ! result ( ?is attempt to orig9ate new =ms1 simply = ! sake ( novelty1 )\t ! slighte/ ref]5ce to any feel+ = beauty or fitness4 ,orig9ality has no value o!r ?an a purely comm]cial "o1 unless ! orig9al ?+ has advantages ov] ! commonplace4 ,mo/ ( ! ?+s :i* we h ab\t u %[ unmi/akably t _! design]s w5t to "w 9 ! wrong _s f ! v fir/4 ,we see at a glance t ! position tak5 up 0 ?is4 ,! design] has said to himself 8,?is is g5]ally done s & s1 9 su* & su* a mann]2 n[ h[ c ,i modify ?is to make x 9 "s degree orig9al3 :]e c ,i introduce a little novelty80 ,no good result 0 ev] yet arriv$ at by any "o :o took up ?is position4 ,no3 ! way to g to "w is1 to get cle>ly into y\r m9d ! functions1 duties1 requirem5ts & limitations ( ! ?+ to be design$1 !n *oose ! mat]ial or mat]ials :i* w enable x be/ to fulfil its functions1 duties1 & requirem5ts1 & keep )9 its limitations4 ,aft]w>ds1 ) a full k & c&id recognition ( ! prop]ties & *>act]i/ics ( y\r mat]ials & ! be/ way ( us+ !m1 set to "w to evolve ! =m :i* w1 9 ! simple/ & mo/ direct at ! same "t mo/ beautiful & decorative mann]1 fulfil ! requirem5ts1 & ! result w be> ! impress ( y\r own p]sonality1 x w h y\r own feel+1 & w probably also h some?+ ( true orig9ality4 ,y may if y l1 ) all ?is cle>ly 9 y\r m9d1 pass 9 review ! cu/om>y =ms employ$ to fulfil ! conditions1 reta9+ su* *>act]i/ics z y see are valuable ei!r because !y advance ! objects1 or add to ! comel9ess1 b ?is mu/ come second n fir/4 ,i w\ld l y to notice 9 pass+ t ?is "r & true me?od ( go+ to "w 9 design is entirely inapplicable to all ?+s hav+ no functions to fulfil1 by su* a ?rong ( :i* we are n[ surr\nd$4 ,! :ole tr5d ( mod]n civilisation w\ld make ! outlook = ! arti/ "o ( blank hopelessness1 7 x n t !re are signs ( a reaction1 due to ! ef=ts ( great m5 :o h f\ght h>d t art may n die4 ,we call ! pres5t ! 8,ma*9e ,age40 ,n[ ! influ5ce ( ma*9]y on art is "o ( ! mo/ degrad+ we h to cont5d )1 = e advance made by ma*9]y mu/ mean a correspond+ retreat on ! "p ( art4 ,:5 ,i h express$ ! ke5 s5se ( pleasure giv5 me by ! beautiful v>iety ( surface1 ! light & %ade1 ! crisp1 clean adze cuts1 ! vital human int]e/1 ( "s old beam1 ! comm]cial m9d has said to me 8,if ! workman :o wr\ght x _h possess$ ! tools ) :i* to get x up to a bett] surface1 he w\ld n h left x z x is40 ,?is is probably true1 b x does n affect ! "q ( ! relative beauty ( ! two beams1 ! absolutely squ>e1 smoo?1 ma*9e plan$ "o1 & ! irregul> r\gh hewn "o s full ( "* & int]e/4 ,! arti/ic value ( ea* is a "q q ap>t f su* consid]ations4 ,to-day1 if we require a beam 9 our build+1 we take e bit ( natural "* out ( x1 & br+ x1 by me*anical processes1 to z dead & flat1 z lifeless & monoton\s a /ate z possible1 !n we /upidly try to replace "s ( ! natural & *>act]i/ic beauty we h be5 at s mu* tr\ble to get rid (1 by "s =m ( appli$ ornam5t1 m\ld+1 or :at n1 :i* probably has only ?is "o result1 t x obscures ! "o trace ( natural beauty :i* has be5 able to survive ! previ\s processes1 t is ! gra9 & figure ( ! wood4 ,aft]w>ds we /& & look at x1 ) a sort ( feel+ t !re is some?+ wrong1 & wond] :y x 0 s mu* m beautiful be=e4 ,?is is only "o illu/ration1 x w\ld be easy to give hundr$s4 ,= beauty ( texture & surface are no?+ to ! ma*9e produc] or ! comm]cial _s ( to-day4 ,:5 ,i say ,i want a piece ( copp] j hamm]$ out to ! size & %ape ,i require )\t t gr9d+ & poli%+ by :i* all trace ( ! hamm] human h& is lo/ 9 m]e smoo?ness & me*anical f9i%1 ! workman tells me x w be injuri\s to 8 cr$it1 p w see no?+ 9 x b bad workman%ip & inability to f9i%4 ,he w\ld pref] to efface ! sympa!tic surface & natural beauties ( ! beat5 metal z completely z possible1 !n he w\ld put x 9 a press & /amp "s mean+less patt]n on x1 b ! result w\ld be entirely un9t]e/+ to him1 & he w\ld h no satisfaction 9 x1 unless %e] comm]cialism _h utt]ly kill$ e gra9 ( ev]y?+ high] ?an itself 9 8 nature4 ,?9k ( ! beauty ( lead$ glass comp>$ ) ! lifeless h>d me*anical p]fection ( poli%$ plate4 ,?is beauty has no?+ to d ) its old-fa%ion$ look1 ) romantic associations1 or qua9tness ( effect2 x is simply an inh]5t prop]ty ( all lead$ glaz+1 due to ! wond]ful & nev] end+ *>m ( ! play ( light & %ade on ! diff]5t panes1 ea* "o cat*+ ! light slightly diff]5tly f any o!r1 "s gli/5+ brightly1 o!rs dead & sombre1 & ! re/ occupy+ e tone betwe5 ! two4 ,"o %eet ( glass ) ! lead+ laid ^u x w\ld be m ugly & mean+less ?an ! plate glass4 ,_m w\ld-be arti/ic p ?9k t x is an ess5tial *>act]i/ic ( ! arti/ic t x %\ld be 9 "s degree ecc5tric or unusual4 ,?is is z great a delusion z any "o c\ld well lab\r "u4 ,t x is ! case at ! pres5t "t _c be d5i$2 b x is because we h sunk to su* dep?s ( degradation1 t ! arti/ic has become ! ecc5tric & unusual1 n t to be diff]5t f ! ord9>y is ! prop]ty ( ! arti/ic4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 ! exact rev]se 0 ! case1 :5 simple natural beauty 0 ! rule 9 all ?+s & ugl9ess ! exception1 & ! unusual & ecc5tric 0 !n ! in>ti/ic4 ,s also _m w\ld-be arti/ic p ?9k t ?+s d]ive an arti/ic value simply f be+ old or old-fa%ion$4 ,?is aga9 is entirely untrue except ( su* ?+s z und]go a modification & *ange = ! bett] 9 !mselves at ! h&s ( old ,fa!r ,"t4 ,b ?is too is an error easily acc\nt$ =1 z at ! pres5t "t1 z reg>ds ! common ?+s ( daily life1 ! /&>d ( design is s debas$ t x w\ld be almo/ impossible to br+ out ( ! pa/ 7at any rate ( c5turies be=e ! la/71 =ms = ^! :i* w\ld n surpass 9 beauty ^? n[ curr5t among u4 ,if art 9 our homes 7 liv+ & progressive ! old & old-fa%ion$ w\ld be ! ugly & in>ti/ic4 ,a p]fectly frank recognition ( con/ruction & an hone/ compliance ) its dem&s is an absolute ess5tial ( all good designs2 any attempt to disguise or ?w>t1 or failure to ackn[l$ge1 ! necess>y *>act]i/ics & features ( con/ruction1 mu/ result 9 arti/ic disa/] & is inde$ a v fruitful cause ( x4 ,s also is t k9dr$ error1 ! adoption ( a less p]fect con/ruction to get ! =m want$4 ,x is n necess>y ,i %\ld dwell ^u ?is n[1 = x is recognis$ by all art tea*]s1 ?\gh by v few ( ^? :o practise ! appli$ arts1 & illu/rations ( ! tru? ( x meet u 9 abundance on e h& & w occur to all4 ,nei!r is x necess>y 7& = ! same reasons7 t ,i %\ld say mu* ab\t imitations %ams2 wood made to simulate /one or m>ble2 iron ca/ 9 =ms suit$ only to wood2 wood work$ into =ms suit$ only to /one1 or 9 imitation ( /one1 z 9 trac]y & gro9+4 ,! evil ( all ?is is too well kn[n1 & ,i h _h to pass ov] x = ! sake ( :at is less recognis$ & n s (t5 br\ght be=e u4 ,to put ! "r ?+ 9 ! "r place2 to give x its mo/ appropriate =m1 & above all ?+s ! =m :i* w be/ enable x to fulfil its functions & uses1 & )al ! simple/1 mo/ direct1 & ! mo/ p]fect 9 con/ruction2 ?is is ! fir/ duty ( e design]1 & 9 do+ ?is he w g5]ally f9d he gets ! maximum ( beauty4 ,! consci\s ef=t to be orig9al w always produce abortions & pa9ful results2 ! only orig9ality wor? any?+ is arriv$ at 9 try+ to d some?+ bett] n some?+ new2 & ! true arti/ %[s himself 9 giv+ beauty ( =m1 ( col\r1 & design to ! necess>y & useful1 & add+ t high] usefulness belong+ to a "w ( art4 ,b may we n h ornam5t1 pure ornam5t :i* has no o!r def9ite use8 ,c]ta9ly we may1 b let u at ! v outset apply ?is te/ to x4 ,x does n1 we say1 fulfil any useful purpose on ! physical plane1 does x fulfil any purpose on t high] plane ( :i* ,i h spok58 ,is its educational influ5ce good8 ,if s we w welcome x4 ,if n let x g4 ,& ,i fe>1 :5 ?is te/ is appli$1 x w be f\nd t !re is b little ( ! enorm\s pr(usion ( ! 7s-call$7 ornam5t spread ov] ev]y?+ ab\t u1 :i* w\ld n h to g4 ,mo/ ( u w\ld d well to *ange x all = "o or two good pictures1 a bit ( really beautiful metal "w1 c>v+1 or embroid]y1 done by an arti/ ) 8 own h&1 & possess+ some?+ ( t dignity ( true art ,i h tri$ to %[4 ,,b>ry ,,p>k]4 ,,our ,,education ,,9 ,,art4 ,my subject is 8,our ,education 9 ,art10 ,i approa* x ) a s5se ( trepidation1 feel+ t ! task ,i h set myself is "o ( v great difficulty1 & be+1 z ,i am1 s fully alive to ! trem5d\s issues involv$ 9 our hold+ "r or wrong views ^u art education4 ,! place 9 our lives :i* ,art mu/ fill is s exalt$ t x is ) rev]5ce ,i w\ld consid] ! way 9 :i* we %\ld tea* or be taught to express ourselves 9 art1 or le>n to read ! mean+ ( o!rs express$ ?r\gh t m$ium4 ,^? :o h come to realize t only by ! employm5t ( ,art c ! highe/ tru?s :i* we are capable ( receiv+ be convey$ f "o man to ano!r1 mu/ feel t ! me?od ( prep>+ ourselves to wield s great a p[]1 or r5d] ourselves receptive ( su* an influ5ce1 %\ld be mo/ e>ne/ly consid]$4 ,i h tak5 8,our ,education 9 ,art0 z my title1 in/ead ( 8,! ,education ( an ,arti/0 or any o!r title :i* w\ld h fix$ m def9itely ! limitations )9 :i* ,i %\ld conf9e myself1 because ,i want :at ,i am ab\t to say to h a mu* wid] application ?an x w\ld if simply tak5 z address$ to ^? :o propose to practise an art4 ,=1 to tra9 all to an appreciation ( :at is good1 true1 & beautiful1 9 ,art1 is h>dly less important ?an to tra9 arti/s capable ( express+ :at is good1 true1 & beautiful4 ,all h n v\*saf$ to !m ! p[] to express !mselves 9 an art1 b all are 9 "s degree influ5c$ by ! arti/ic qualities ( ! ?+s by :i* !y are surr\nd$1 & ,i wi% to sugge/ a way ( le>n+ to appreciate :at is good & true & beautiful 9 art1 ev5 m ?an a way ( le>n+ to create su* art4 ,t !re %all be ^? :o c appreciate good art is necess>y to its life4 ,t we %\ld h ^? :o c create x is n en\gh2 ?is is ! "w ( ! few2 ! "w ( ! _m is to make an atmosph]e 9 :i* x c live4 ,i w\ld impress z gravely z possible ^u ^? :o aspire to ! practice ( an art1 n only ! dignity belong+ to :at !y w\ld und]take1 b ! trem5d\s responsibility atta*+ to x4 ,! fir/ ?+ t mu/ g to ! mak+ ( an arti/ is t he %\ld h t )9 him :i* craves = expression1 & :i* c only be express$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( an art4 ,?is fir/ ess5tial is giv5 to _m to :om ! p[] to express x is n giv51 b )\t x ! facility to express w be a p[] = h>m n = good3 x is ! pres5ce ( great qualities1 n ! abs5ce ( bad1 :i* makes a "w ( art4 ,! arti/'s great responsibility lies 9 ?is3 e "t he creates any?+ capable ( be>+ ! impress ( ! true art in/9ct1 he br+s into exi/5ce t :i* w h an influ5ce ^u all :o see x1 & w quick5 or dead5 9 !m ?is high in/9ct4 ,! ?\ght t1 if he create n some?+ bett] ?an w\ld h be5 creat$ by o!rs1 _h he left x to !m1 he is do+ h>m 9 ! _w1 n good1 is "o t %\ld come home to him v solemnly4 ,to ! art work] belongs ?is privilege--t 8 art c be a great p[] = good2 & ?is responsibility--t he mu/ ( necessity h done ei!r h>m or good by 8 "w1 & t unless he has done some?+ :i* is beyond & above ! conception ( ! g5]al run 7nay1 ( ! great majority7 ( 8 fell[-creatures1 some?+ !y feel to h a little m 9 x1 & to be a little m ?an !y c grasp1 he is n m]ely h>mless1 he is a failure4 ,= z 9 life g5]ally1 s 9 ! arti/ic life1 he :o m]ely does :at no "o c atta* blame to1 & has n done bett] ?an o!rs w\ld h done 9 8 /ead1 has liv$ to no purpose4 ,virtue is n a negative quality 9 art or 9 life2 x does n consi/ 9 keep+ ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts4 8,all ^! ?+s h ,i kept f my y\? up3 :at lack ,i yet80 ,?is man #aijj ye>s ago _h grasp$ ! tru? ( :at ,i h said above bett] ?an mo/ ( u h to-day4 ,i w h]e9 conf9e myself to speak+ ( ^? arts :i* dep5d ^u our eyes = _! means ( appeal+ to u2 & z ,i wi% t ^! sugge/ions may be ( real practical value1 to all :o desire to appreciate :at is arti/ically good & true1 ,i mu/ leave out ( our consid]ation1 = ! mom5t1 all ! great] qualities :i* belong to art2 & conf9e myself to %[+ h[ we mu/ fir/ le>n to see1 & to :at ,i may call ! purely te*nical side ( le>n+ to see & repres5t4 ,= simplicity ,i w take ! art ( portray+ ,nature1 z se5 9 h] l&scapes1 z my example ( h[ to le>n bo? to see & to draw2 = ! process is ! same 9 ei!r case4 ,n[ :5 fir/ "o attempts to pa9t a l&scape1 "o is ov]-:elm$ by ! trem5d\s numb] ( diff]5t ?+s "o sees 9 x & has to take into consid]ation at ! same "t4 ,!re is ! =m & draw+1 ! light & %ade1 ! atmosph]e & its effect ^u ! local t9ts or real col\rs ( ea* individual object 9 ! l&scape1 ! ov]p[]+ pr(usion ( detail1 ! reflect$ lights & reflect$ col\rs1 ! relative value ( objects1 ! texture1 & "* ( surfaces1 ! composition1 :at we call ! accid5tal effects2 & la/ b n lea/1 ! tea*+ & mean+1 ! p>ticul> message ,nature has to convey 9 ! :ole sc5e4 ,& only by long & pati5t /udy ( ea* ( ^! sep>ately1 c we acquire ! p[] to grasp !m all toge!r 9 ! way :i* is necess>y :5 pa9t+4 ,7 ,i to tea*1 ,i %\ld make my pupils g ?r\gh a long & pati5t /udy ( ea* ( ^! sep>ately1 devot+ mu* ?\ght to ea* 9 turn1 q ap>t f ! use ( p5cil or bru%2 = x is impossible to repres5t "o )\t ! o!rs1 b n impossible to /udy "o )\t ! o!rs4 ,& t we %\ld be able to fir/ dissociate "o f ano!r 9 our m9ds1 & !n see ! influ5ce ( "o ^u ano!r1 is absolutely necess>y to a true portraiture ( ,nature 9 l&scape4 ,i w\ld !n beg9 ) ! simple/ ( ! ?+s 9 my category1 & imp>t to my pupils a k ( =m 7probably be/ done by "s simple process ( modell+71 & ,i w\ld g on to ! draw+ ( =m )\t ref]5ce to light & %ade4 ,next ,i w\ld tea* !m to see =m 9 masses ( light & %ade only1 leav+ out ( consid]ation at ! fir/ 7z f> z possible7 ! influ5ce ( reflect$ light1 b ev5tually giv+ mu* "t & ?\ght to enabl+ !m to see ! reflect$ light truly1 & to measure its gradations & degrees accurately4 ,f ?is !y %\ld g on to repres5t textures & "* ( surfaces1 & n until all ?is _h be5 done w\ld ,i br+ 9 ! use ( col\r4 ,?is %\ld beg9 by ! accurate mat*+ ( local t9ts1 be=e ! repres5tation ( ! col\r effects produc$ by atmosph]e ) its v>y+ degrees ( moi/ure1 ( d5sity & transp>5cy or opacity1 its p[] ( diffus+ light1 & its effect on di/ance1 0 attempt$4 ,next ,i w\ld all[ sket*+ ) ref]5ce to composition1 gr\p+1 & mu* /udy ( ! relative values ( "o object to ano!r 9 ! l&scape1 affect$ z x is by all ! =ego+1 & difficult ( explanation z x always is1 ev5 9 view ( & ) a p]fect k ( all ! =ego+4 ,f9ally1 be+ fir/ able to see & feel1 !n we w\ld g on to try to cat* portray ! moods & messages ( ,nature1 & ! poetry ( ! :ole4 ,i w\ld !n po9t out to ! accompli%$ craftsman1 t he1 ^u sitt+ d[n to pa9t f ,nature1 mu/ fir/ ask himself :at x is :i* makes a picture 79 ! true s5se ( ! ^w7 9 :at is be=e him1 & :y he has *os5 ?is p>ticul> subject3 & he mu/ nev] = a mom5t all[ himself to lose sight ( ?is4 ,mu* !re is he mu/ ( necessity leave out1 b he mu/ grasp ! ess5tials & reta9 ^!4 ,8 /udy has taught him to see ?+s z !y pres5t !mselves to 8 eye1 r ?an z he kn[s !m to be4 ,9 a s5t5ce1 he has le>n$ to "k :at he sees1 n to see :at he kn[s3 he is aw>e t yond] hill 9 ! di/ance1 7 he !re1 w\ld be gre51 b t see+ x z he does1 affect$ by ! int]v5+ atmosph]e light1 x is blue4 ,! pa9t] mu/ by tra9+1 & p[] ( analys+ causes ( effects1 be able to see 8 subject some:at z he w\ld 7 he sudd5ly dropp$ into 8 seat f ano!r planet1 )\t any k ( ! appe>ance on clos] inspection ( ! compon5t p>ts ( 8 subject4 ,may ,i expla9 "s ( :at ,i h said1 ) ! aid ( a simple example1 a /one wall b\nd+ a gre5 field1 ! wall ca/+ a %ad[ on ! grass4 ,( draw+ pure & simple !re is n mu*2 !re is ! =m ( ! /ones 9 ! wall1 ! irregul>ities ( ! cont\r ( ! field1 ! %ad[ ( ! wall ! modifications :i* ! rise & fall ( ! surface ( ! field effect 9 x1 pres5t+ x to ! eye n[ m =e%ort5$ & n[ less z ! angle betwe5 ! wall & ! gr\nd *anges4 ,9 ! reflect$ light !re is mu* to note & dissociate 9 our m9ds f ! direct light+4 ,9 ?is we %\ld see t ! %ad[ on ! %ade side ( ! wall is mu* light] ?an ! %ad[ ca/ by ! wall ^u ! grass4 ,?is results f ! fact t ! grass f its horizontal position receives f> m diffus$ light f ! atmosph]e & ! sky ?an does ! v]tical surface ( ! wall2 !re=e x reflects m light ^u ! wall ?an ! wall c 9 its turn reflect on to x4 ,b ?\gh ! %ad[ on ! %ade side ( ! wall is light] ?an ! %ad[ on ! grass1 ! %ade side ( ! wall w be d>k] ?an ! grass )9 ! %ad[ ( ! wall2 & ?is is n due to ! local t9t1 ! grey ( ! /one & ! gre5 ( ! grass1 = probably ! horizontal surfaces ( ! /ones on ! top ( ! wall1 %[ z light z ! "p ( ! grass :i* is also 9 ! full blaze ( ! sun2 x is due to ! diff]5t "* ( surface or texture ( ! grass field & ! /one wall1 & ! diff]5t effect ^u ea* ( v>y+ degrees ( light+4 ,s obs]ve1 all ^!1 ! light & %ade1 ! diffus$ & ! reflect$ light1 ! "* ( ! surfaces1 ! local t9ts & ! atmosph]e di/ance f ! obs]v]1 all affect ! relative value ( ! tone ( ! grass & wall1 :i* value mu/ be se5 truly be=e x c be pa9t$ truly4 ,z ,i said1 = simplicity1 ,i h h]e9 s f> foll[$ out ! c\rse ( /udy z appli$ 9 l&scape only1 b at ! "r /ages ,i w\ld h ! /ud5t1 9 exactly ! same way1 /udy ! see+ rightly1 & !n draw+ rightly1 fir/ plants1 !n animals1 !n ! human figure2 !n f9ally ,i w\ld let him apply 8 k & arti/ic feel+ to design4 ,art is at its greate/ :5 appli$4 ,if ! great picture1 :ile reta9+ all its m]its z a picture1 c at ! same "t also hold its own z an elem5t ( decoration & l5d its aid to produc+ ! g5]al effect to be made ^u u by ! :ole build+1 x is by s mu* ! great]4 ,i w\ld n1 until ! f9al /age1 enc\rage ! /udy ( any =m ( appli$ art4 ,none ( ! figures drawn or /udi$ %\ld be ^? appli$ to ! decoration ( a build+1 us$ 9 flat design1 or 9 any way conv5tionally treat$ or gr\p$4 ,i w\ld enc\rage no /udy ( ornam5t ( any /yle1 p]iod1 or nation4 ,our ne$ is = a sy/em ( education :i* w /r5g!n our inborn p]ception = :at con/itutes real beauty4 ,x is comp>atively easy to le>n to di/+ui% a beautiful ?+ f an ugly ?+1 b to "k :]e9 ! diff]5ce lies is q ano!r matt]4 ,x is our education 9 art t mu/ /r5g!n our p[] to see :at are ! ess5tially beautiful prop]ties :i* ! "o possesses & ! o!r does n4 ,we1 ^: "w x is to design1 frequ5tly f9d ! cli5t :o has be/ be5 able to appreciate ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! good & bad design 9 ! f9i%$ result1 w1 :5 a design is be+ work$ out = him1 be mo/ emphatic 9 8 in/ructions t "o by "o e feature :i* has contribut$ to t diff]5ce %all be elim9at$3 & ! be>+ ^u ?is ( :at ,i h said1 ab\t educat+ ^? :o are n to practise ! arts1 b to appreciate1 w be easily se54 ,he :o has /udi$ l&scape e>ne/ly & lov+ly1 & le>nt to see :]e9 its beauty lies1 :5 he comes to apply t l&scape to an ar*itectural or decorative purpose1 su* = in/ance z ! decoration ( wall surfaces1 /a9$ glass1 or :at n1 w f9d 8 own *>act]i/ic way ( conv5tionalis+ x4 ,8 conv5tionalisation w be su* z is dictat$ to him cle>ly by ! limitations ( ! mat]ial 9 :i* 8 design is to be produc$1 & by que/ions ( fitness & suitability4 ,& 8 feel+ = true beauty w enable him to reta9 ! ess5tials ( ! beauty 9 ! l&scape he is apply+1 to disc>d :at is less necess>y4 ,he w sugge/ ! mood ( ,nature & convey h] influ5ce ^u ! behold]4 ,he w also1 9 8 fre$om f ! influ5ce ( long e/abli%$ conv5tions1 be able unconsci\sly to imp>t 8 own p]sonality & feel+1 & s give real orig9ality to 8 h&iwork4 ,= him :o w\ld practise ! art ( ! ar*itect1 a c\rse ( /udy direct$ prim>ily to ! /r5g!n+ ( ! p[] to see :]e9 lies ! secret ( ! beauty ( "o =m ov] ano!r1 & n m]ely t "o =m is m beautiful ?an ano!r1 is p]haps m important ?an to him :o foll[s any o!r art appeal+ to ! eye3 = ?is art is fur!r remov$ f ! influ5ce ( ,nature's own tea*+4 ,i h be5 oblig$ to dismiss 9 a s+le s5t5ce ! tra9+ by means ( draw+ & /udy+ plants1 animals1 ! human =m1 :i* ,i w\ld advocate2 & fe> ,i may s h giv5 a v wrong impression z to ! importance ,i atta* to ?is /udy4 ,i mu/ ask t ?is be n measur$ by ! "t ,i h devot$ to x2 = ,i hold x to be all-important1 & ! "w at x %\ld be long & ?or\gh4 ,9 ?is "w ! /ud5t c\ld be c>ri$ mu* fur!r 9 _m ( ! sep>ate bran*es ( 8 /udy ,i h indicat$1 ?an he c\ld be 9 l&scape4 ,! plants animals w\ld dem& ( him a f> great] p]ception ( ! subtleties ( =m ?an did ! l&scape1 & ( c\rse 8 draw+ w\ld be c>ri$ v mu* fur!r4 ,he w\ld h to apply all he _h le>nt ( light %ade & reflect$ light "u v mu* m complex conditions4 ,mu* m subtle di/9ction ( ! "* ( surfaces & textures w\ld be requir$ ( him2 & also great] nicety ( p]ception 9 local t9ts4 ,b composition or gr\p+ %\ld n ent] yet into 8 consid]ation4 ,be=e he ?\ght ( ^! ,i %\ld want him to specialise1 & decide 9 :at field ( arti/ic lab\r 8 feel+ k 7 to f9d expression4 ,i %\ld !n require t he get a complete ma/]y ( ! te*nicalities ( ?is1 & ( its me?ods1 re/rictions1 & capabilities4 ,if he elect$ to be an ar*itect1 ,i w\ld h him acquire a compreh5sive k ( pure build+ con/ruction1 b no ar*itecture--9 s f> z x c be sep>at$ f build+ con/ruction4 ,if possible1 ,i w\ld h him le>n "o ( ! h&icrafts = :i* he is ev5tually to design1 t he might %[ =? 8 feel+ = beauty ( =m modifi$ by1 & 9 due & prop] relation to1 complete ma/]y ov] me?ods ( con/ruction4 ,if he 7 to be a sculptor ,i w\ld h him next ma/] ! te*nical side ( ! art4 ,if a glass pa9t] he %\ld be able to make a w9d[ be=e he attempt$ to design "o4 ,! embryo pa9t] %\ld ma/] all ! details ( ! pa9t]'s art2 ! w\ld-be textile design] %\ld "w at a loom2 & ! c]amic design] ) :eel1 m\ld1 glazes1 kiln4 ,!n at l5g?1 ea* %\ld 9 8 own l9e attempt to give expression to 8 own ideas1 8 own feel+1 & 8 own love ( beauty1 9 some?+ really to be us$1 & = :i* !re 0 a def9ite requirem5t & a place 9 ! _w already assign$4 ,& ?is br+s u to :at ,i consid] p]haps ! mo/ vital po9t 9 ! :ole sy/em ,i am advocat+4 ,! /ud5t is n[ 9 a position to solve ! difficulties :i* w beset him on e h&4 ,9 8 own way he sets himself to create t :i* w be/ fulfil c]ta9 def9ite conditions & requirem5ts1 & to give x :at he conceives to be ! be/ & mo/ beautiful =m 9 :i* x c d ?is4 ,at ?is /age1 hav+ fir/ enc\nt]$ ! difficulties1 he may1 ) advantage to himself & 8 "w1 look r\nd & see h[ o!rs be=e him h met & ov]come simil> difficulties2 & h[1 out ( ! way !y h done ?is1 c]ta9 hi/oric /yles1 accept$ =ms1 & recognis$ conv5tions h result$4 ,z ea* difficulty pres5ts itself x w help & /imulate him to /udy h[ x has be5 ov]come 9 old "w1 b if he is saturat$ ) k ( ! =ms & f9i%$ result ( old "w1 )\t fir/ hav+ met ! problems :i* br\ght !m into exi/5ce1 he w simply h 8 own in/9cts swamp$ by !m1 & w bl9dly reproduce !m )\t any feel+ = ! _s :i* prompt$ !m4 ,really vital design w be well-nigh impossible to him4 ,t we sub/itute sugge/ion = developm5t is "o great defect 9 our educational sy/em to-day 9 all ?+s1 b especially 9 ^? ?+s app]ta9+ to ! arts4 ,our s*ools ( art beg9 _! tra9+ 9 design ) an exhau/ive /udy ( hi/oric /yles ( ornam5t & appli$ =m ( e k9d4 ,! c\rse ( /udy laid d[n by ! ,in/itute ( ,briti% ,ar*itects = its pupils1 comm5ces ) 8,evid5ces ( ,/udy0 ( old ,greek & ,go?ic build+s2 9 all cases sugge/ion is sub/itut$ = developm5t1 & 9 consequ5ce we h turn$ out by ! ?\s& m5 capable ( reproduc+ works 9 all /yles1 b ) no vital appreciation ( ! _s & causes :i* lead to ! exi/5ce ( any "o ( !m1 & n "o :o c evolve a really vital "w ( art among !m4 ,if we look r\nd among ^? :o are ! lead+ spirits 9 ! really great =w>d movem5t 9 art :i* is go+ on among u1 h[ _m ( !m %all we f9d to be ! product ( our recognis$ educational au?orities 9 art8 ,h[ _m h got _! art tra9+ on ! l9es laid d[n by our s*ools ( art1 = in/ance8 ,if !y come out ( gov]nm5t s*ools at all1 we %all g5]ally f9d !y h acquir$ _! grasp ma/]y 9 spite ( t sy/em1 & owe x to influ5ces aris+ 9 "s by-pa?1 !re1 or outside its curriculum altoge!r2 or to ! fact t _! own individuality has be5 too big to be dr[n$ or /amp$ out by x4 ,/ill we _c fail to be /ruck by ! v small p]c5tage ( ^! lead+ spirits :i* x c be claim$ are ! outcome ( any sy/em ( tra9+ at pres5t recognis$4 ,! embryo ar*itect is 9 a some:at bett] position ?an ^? int5d+ to foll[ o!r arts1 = ! old appr5tice%ip sy/em /ill obta9s 9 ?is pr(ession2 & 9 8 ma/]'s (fice he is at anyrate engag$ ^u "w = a def9ite purpose & design$ to fulfil def9ite conditions4 ,he has opportunities to g "s dep? into ! :y & :]e=e ( ?+s1 & mu/ ( necessity d s4 ,v diff]5tly is he situat$ f "o :o is pati5tly acquir+ a k ( ! outw>d =ms ( ?+s 9 a l>ge te*nical s*ool4 ,! advocates ( ?is 8,/udy f ! beg9n+ ( ! be/ examples10 talk ( gett+ imbu$ ) ! _s ( ! old "w4 ,x is n = me to g n[ into ! _m reasons :y x is n possible = u 9 ^! lat] times to ent] fully into ! _s :i* prompt$ ! beautiful "w ( ! pa/3 ?is "o reason1 t we h n fir/ met ) ! difficulties ! ov]com+ ( :i* br\ght x into exi/5ce1 is all t is )9 my prov9ce at ! mom5t4 ,get y\rself saturat$ ) k ( =m1 ( beautiful =m1 pres5t$ = y\r /udy by ,nature on e h&1 & apply ?is 9 y\r own way to meet+ requirem5ts & ov]com+ difficulties :i* y fully compreh5d1 :i* pres5t !mselves to y 9 ! "w :i* y h to d4 ,be n swamp$ ) ano!rs' ways ( fulfill+ o!r 7?\gh p]haps simil>7 conditions1 meet+ ! requirem5ts ( ano!r age1 or ov]com+ o!r difficulties :i* y at be/ und]/& v imp]fectly4 ,x w\ld be v easy to give numb]less illu/rations ( ! h>m result+ f ?is v wide-spread & f>-rea*+ error 9 our conception & tea*+ ( ! duties ( ! design]1 ( ! way he %\ld g to "w1 & ! me?ods he %\ld foll[4 ,we d n n[ require to be told t to fa/5 ?9 /rips ( wood to ! face ( a brick or /one wall 9 imitation ( half-timb] "w is bad2 b ,i may j 9 pass+ po9t out1 t x 0 ?is same fault 9 our tra9+ & 9 our conception ( ! :ole "q1 :i* ev] made ?is possible1 & r5d]$ u able to tol]ate x4 ,we saw ! beauty ( old timb] & pla/] con/ruction1 & n see+ also t t beauty result$ f /raight=w>dly hone/ly us+ ! be/ =m ( con/ruction kn[n = ^! mat]ials1 we ?\ght ( ! f9i%$ effect only1 & imag9$ we got x by imitat+ x 9 o!r con/ruction1 :]e ! conditions & requirem5ts & ! difficulties to be met & ov]come 7 diff]5t4 ,nor d we ne$ to ?9k ab\t ^! ?+s mu* be=e we c see t x is wrong to erect gable1 projection1 cove1 p>apet1 cont9uation ( a bay w9d[1 or :at n1 = no useful purpose b solely = ! display ( ev5 con/ructionally g5u9e half-timb] "w1 t x may1 by its e*o ( ! beauties we h felt to exi/ 9 "s true art "w 9 ! pa/1 lead u to suppose t x too is beautiful4 ,b to avoid all possibility ( becom+ 9 ! lea/ p]sonal1 ,i w n take my illu/rations f rec5t times1 = x is easy to f9d !m 9 abundance )\t4 ,! abom9ations ( ! ,r5aissance are 9 !mselves en\gh4 ,^! abom9ations 7 simply ! outcome ( giv+ ! /udy ( ! f9i%$ result 9 ! beautiful "w ( ! pa/ undue prom95ce 9 m5's m9ds1 & all[+ ?is /udy to smo!r ! feel+ = :at _h con/itut$ ! beauty 9 t "w4 ,z all "k1 ! ,r5aissance came f ! revival ( ! /udy ( old ,greek & ,roman "w 9 ! #ad?1 #ae? #af? c5turies4 ,m5 !n began aga9 to see ! beauty t 0 9 a ,greek capital1 %aft & base1 b _h n fir/ le>n$ to see t t beauty 0 ! result prim>ily ( ! simple & direct way 9 :i* ! pill> fulfill$ its functions1 9 ! =m ( con/ruction 9 :i* x 0 us$2 & !y began to use x aga91 & tri$ to "w x 9 j z x 01 & at ! /age x _h rea*$ 9 ! process ( its evolution4 ,!y began to introduce x 9 build+s ( a diff]5t con/ruction1 & 9 places :]e ! conditions 7 v diff]5t f ^? "u :i* x 0 s great4 ,x _h be5 beautiful :]e x support$ a ro( & cornice1 & /ood /rong & adequate "u _! dead cru%+ weight3 b x 0 n[ introduc$ 9 conjunction ) ! dome1 ! ?ru/ ( :i* x 0 entirely unsuit$ to su/a91 !re=e *a9s hidd5 9 ! masonry 7l ^? 9 our own ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral71 7 requisition$1 & we got an app>5tly /one build+ s con/ruct$ t x w\ld n /& up 9 /one1 j z we h to-day on e h& imitation half-timb] build+s :i* w\ld n /& up if ( timb] con/ruction4 ,x _h be5 beautiful 9 ! sunny climes ( ,greece & ,italy1 :]e ! %ade ( ! entablature x support$ 0 ne$$1 & an attribute ( beauty3 b x 0 n[ plac$ :]e ! wall c\ld n be set back f x1 b mu/ be br\ght out to x1 & mu/ h w9d[s un%ad$ by cornice1 frieze1 ar*itrave4 ,!re=e ! pill> /ood 9 front ( x1 c>ry+ no?+1 do+ no?+1 & a melan*oly1 pa9ful ?+ to all :o beheld x rightly4 ,!y /udi$ ! ornam5t ( ! ,greeks1 b fail$ to notice h[ x 0 9 all cases subord9at$ to1 & expla9$ & enhanc$ ! g5]al =ms & cont\rs & emphasiz$ ! con/ruction2 & ! result 0 ! mean+less inanity & vapid gracefulness ( _! compil$ arabesques & ornam5t on pila/]s1 _! fe/oons1 & all ! re/ ( ! imitative & un9spir$ artificialities ( ! /yle4 ,! "w became lifeless compil$4 ,9 a ,go?ic ca!dral1 ( ! times be=e ! ,r5aissance ta9t$ our nor!rn "w1 "o feels ! mason hone/ly develop+ ! res\rces ( 8 mat]ial1 age by age4 ,beh9d "o ( ,wr5's spires "o always sees ! man ) pap] & draw+ in/rum5ts1 h>d me*anical l9es labori\sly measur$ (f on a draw+ bo>d1 ) ma!matical calculations ( proportion figur$ all r\nd ! m>g94 ,& apropos ( all ?is1 may ,i be all[$ p>5!tically to say1 t !re is a movem5t on foot to make ar*itecture a close pr(ession4 ,i d n propose to ent] "h into ?is1 or into ! "q :e!r any true /&>d ( qualification 9 ar*itecture1 or any o!r art1 c possibly be secur$ by exam9ation2 b all ,i h be5 say+ has a v di/9ct be>+ on ! policy ( ^? :o advocate t all :o w\ld ent] ! pr(ession ( an ar*itect1 %\ld g ?r\gh ! same c\rse ( /udy z def9itely laid d[n by !m2 a c\rse :i* beg9s ) ! /udy ( anci5t "w1 &1 9 s f> z x includes at all ^? ?+s :i* con/itute ! true tra9+1 br+s !m =w>d 9 ! rev]se ord] f ! "o indicat$ above4 ,b ?is is n ! po9t ,i wi% to %[2 ,i wi% emphatically to say t to tra9 all w\ld-be ar*itects 9 su* a way t !y c pass ! same exam9ations is bad en\gh2 b = all to g ?r\gh ! same mill 9 prep>ation = ^! exam9ations1 n all[+ ^? :o h o!r ideas ( :at an ar*itect's tra9+ %\ld be a free h& to act ^u _! own convictions1 c only h mo/ disa/r\s results to ar*itecture1 z x w\ld to any o!r art4 ,x is well to ?9k e>ne/ly ( our education 9 art1 & to fit ourselves = true appreciation2 b :5 we h done ?is1 if we come to actively practise an art1 to keep a wat* ^u our motives is our only true guide4 ,ev]y?+ dep5ds on ?is4 ,if ! motive is unwor?y ! art w be unwor?y4 ,unless we create any "w ( art1 unless we write1 pa9t1 design1 or :atev] x may be1 fir/ ) a desire to create an influ5ce = good1 to br+ home to o!rs some?+ ( ! true beautiful :i* might o!rwise escape !m1 our art w be unwor?y4 ,! fir/ ?+ t mu/ g to ! mak+ ( an arti/ is n t he %all h ! p[] to express himself1 b t he %all h t )9 him :i* ne$s expression4 ,! arti/'s duty is a v grave & solemn "o2 x is = him to r\se 9 o!rs ! p[] ( see+ tru? & beauty1 8,! be/ imp>t ! gift ( see+ to ! re/40 ,,b>ry ,,p>k]4 ,,art ,,& ,,simplicity4 8,ability to live )\t furniture1 )\t imp$im5ta1 ) ! lea/ possible am\nt ( neat clo?+1 %[s m ?an ! advantage held by ?is ,japanese race 9 ! /ruggle ( life2 x %[s also ! real "* ( "s weaknesses 9 our civilization4 ,x =ces reflection ^u ! useless multiplicity ( our daily wants40 ,kokoro1 ,lafcadio ,he>n4 ,look+ ov] "s col\r pr9ts f ,japan1 ,i h be5 mu* impress$ by ! extreme simplicity :i* *>act]izes ! int]iors ( ,japanese h\ses z depict$ 9 !m4 ,pr9t aft] pr9t %[s u a room almo/ b>e1 ! walls 9 "s delicate br[n or grey t9t1 ) ! wood fram+ expos$3 ?is latt] consi/s ( bamboo cane or simple squ>$ po/s & beams1 ) n[ & !n a door head slightly ar*$4 ,= ! elaborately ornam5t$ scre5s & bric--brac :i* are associat$ ) ,japan "o se>*es ^! pr9ts 9 va93 ! rooms are *>act]iz$ by an almo/ complete abs5ce ( m]e ornam5t4 ,!re is 9 "o a s+le panel ( ! wall or scre5 adorn$ ) a l&scape v slightly sugge/$2 9 ano!r a bl9d or hang+ ( "s sort be>s a text or pa9t$ floral decoration2 or a vase /&+ on a slightly rais$ dais1 holds a c>efully arrang$ spray ( fl[]s2 or aj> on ! c5tre ( a wall displays a s+le peony or *rysan!mum exquisitely pois$2 b beyond ?is !re is no ornam5tation4 ,!re is consid]able v>iety 9 ! %ape ( ! rooms %[n1 none seem+ly be+ j f\r-squ>e4 ,a complete abs5ce ( furniture *>act]izes !m1 & only su* ?+s z are actually be+ us$ f9d a place !re4 ,yet ! :ole sugge/ion convey$ is "o ( ref9$ & elegant life3 ! lady arrang+ fl[]s does n h ! sprays f :i* %e is to select on ! floor by h]1 b on a beautifully lacqu]$ tray2 :ile all ! ut5sils "o sees repres5t$1 su* z boxes1 c&le-/icks1 tea-cups1 or platt]s1 are elegant 9 %ape & col\r & (t5 mu* ornam5t$4 ,!y are q obvi\sly 9 ! room = use h[ev]1 n = ornam5t4 ,judg+ f ^! pr9ts1 ! ref9em5t ( ,japan seems to result 9 no desire = beautiful ornam5ts or elaborate decorations1 b r 9 ! dem& t ev]y?+ t is requir$ = use %all be elegant or ev5 highly ornam5tal4 ,_! /heticism evid5tly does n br+ a crav+ to be always surr\nd$ by innum]able articles ( v]tu1 b r a dem& t su* ?+s z mu/ come to _! h&s ju/ifi$ by _! use1 %all come also grac$ by beauty4 ,9 contra/ ) ! extreme simplicity ( ! rooms is a lavi% display ( bright col\r & ornam5t on ! dresses ( ! ladies1 z !y are repres5t$ *att+ or work+2 ?is tells ) wond]ful effect aga9/ ! s(t grey or br[n1 or ! pale gre5 ( ! dri$ ru% matt+1 :i* are ! prevail+ col\rs %[n on ! walls & floors4 ,su* rooms z ^! are obvi\sly ?\ght ( ma9ly z ! back-gr\nd to ! p & _! life4 ,!re is evid5tly 9 ! ,japanese no lack ( love = ! beauty ( ,nature & ( ornam5t2 only !re is a dignity :i* makes !m dem& a suitable sett+ = _! lives2 & a v r>e ref9em5t :i* tea*es !m to pref] ! complete realization & enjoym5t ( ! beauty ( a few simple ?+s1 to ! sup]ficial appreciation ( _m elaborately beautiful ones2 :i* leads !m to sp5d _! ?\ght r 9 %[+ to ! be/ advantage ! utmo/ beauty ( "o spray1 ?an 9 f9d+ places = a basketful ( r>e fl[]s4 ,h[ diff]5t is ! common e/imate ( art & ref9em5t "h 9 ! we/4 ,:5 we ?9k ( ! elaborately uphol/]$ h\ses ( our #8arti/ic circles1' ! p ( ta/e--cr[d$ z !y are ) co/ly decorations & ornam5ts2 :5 we f9d t "o ( ! mo/ ref9$ ( our mod]n pa9t]s is 9 dang] ( be+ rememb]$ z mu* = ! gorge\s palace 9 :i* he liv$ z = ! works ( art he pa9t$2 :at wond] if philosoph]s & morali/s tell u t art is ! enemy ( simplicity1 ! fo/]] ( luxury6 ,if ! love ( art did really result 9 mak+ m & m elaborate collections ( beautiful ?+s necess>y to u1 !n inde$ x w\ld be ! enemy n alone ( simplicity b ( lib]ty also4 ,!n w\ld x be b an add$ burd51 /ill m t]ribly divid+ ^? :o "w f ^? :o enjoy1 & fur!r enslav+ ! "o to ! o!r2 b ano!r mill/one hung ab\t ! neck ( mis]able man to keep him f ris+ above ! sl\gh ( m]e mat]ial wants & entanglem5ts1 9 :i* he is already well-nigh engulf$4 ,b ! accumulation ( beautiful ?+s f all ! ends ( ! e>? is no sign t a deep love = art exi/s1 & ! admiration ( !m 9 itself is no sign ( mu* ref9em5t4 ,r does ?is result f our utt] lack ( true art1 f our complete inability to make ! ?+s we ne$ beautiful4 ,x is a sign too ( our entire want ( ref9em5t t we are cont5t to use su* ugly ?+s z we d make1 if only we may h a few ( ! beautiful ?+s t o!r p h made1 to look at4 ,fancy a ,greek c>ry+ wat] 9 a galvaniz$ iron pail1 & ?9k+ x arti/ic to put 8 pit*] on a bracket 9 8 hall6 ,! ,greek requir$ 8 pit*]s = wat] c>ry+1 & made !m = t purpose1 made !m z com=table & easy to c>ry z possible2 & t 8 "w 9 ! mak+ ( !m might be to him some:at ( an int]e/1 he made !m z beautiful z he c\ld 9 =m1 & decorat$ !m ) sugge/ions ( ! ?+s 8 m9d lov$ to dwell ^u4 ,& s 0 art to him bo? a solace to lab\r & an expression ( 8 int]e/ 9 8 "w4 ,& to ! "o :o us$ ! ?+s made1 :at 0 x b a pure add$ joy 9 8 life2 sugge/+ to him ! pleasure ( t work]1 & />t+ 9 8 m9d ?\ghts ( gods or h]oes on :i* he also lik$ to dwell4 ,?is is ! orig9 ( all true art1 spr++ f "s joy 9 ! mak] & giv+ to all :o use ! ?+ made "s sugge/ion ( ?is joy4 ,or x may be1 9 ! high] bran*es1 spr++ f "s great ?\ght dem&+ expression or great emotion ye>n+ = sympa?y1 9 ! behold] ev] aft] /imulat+ some?+ ( t ?\ght or emotion4 ,in/ead ( be+ an add$ burd5 to m5 x may be an add$ joy2 may gladd5 ! h\rs ( toil to ! mak]2 & = ! us] may lift ! e-day affairs ( life out ( ! commonplace1 satisfy+ 8 ta/e ) ! comel9ess ( all ! implem5ts he uses & *e]+ him ) ! beautiful sugge/ions ( _! ornam5t4 ,art su* z ?is mu/ be 9 close t\* ) simplicity2 =1 "u its influ5ce1 ornam5t t has no message ( sugge/ion1 t conveys no mem5to ( a mak]'s pleasure1 w\ld n exi/2 & if y come to ?9k ( x1 :y %\ld x8 ,!re is no virtue 9 m]e ornam5t3 f> o!rwise4 ,x is n easy to create a decoration m beautiful ?an ! play ( sunlight or firelight on a :itewa%$ wall2 & unless "s "o has joy 9 do+ x1 or c give u some?+ m con/antly pleas+ or sugge/ively helpful1 :y %\ld x be attempt$8 ,c]ta9ly ref9em5t does n dem& x2 = x is ref9em5t t tea*es u to appreciate ! subtle col\r+ ( ! v>y+ light & to be cont5t ) x4 ,9 o!r ways also ! gr[? ( ! /hetic faculty w lead to simplicity1 w help to produce ^? *anges 9 ! conditions ( life & "w1 )\t :i* !re is no hope = any great revival ( art on ! l9es j sket*$4 ,until rec5tly ! beautiful fea!rs ( ! h]on1 ! s-call$ ospreys or egrets1 7 a fav\rite decoration = ! head dress2 b s9ce ! cruelty att5dant on ! obta9+ ( !m has be5 g5]ally kn[n1 !y h vani%$ alike f ! plume ( ! soldi] & ! bonnet ( ! g5tle lady4 ,_! beauty br+s no m pleasure2 x is m>r$ by ! m5tal picture ( ! ble$+ h]on & its />v+ "y3 none b ! ignorant or va9 c we> !m n[4 ,z our appreciation ( beauty becomes1 if ,i may s use ! t]m1 int5sive z well z ext5sive1 _m simil> *anges w be br\ght ab\t4 ,= "o mu/ n =get t ! appeal ( beauty1 ( art1 to u is n solely a matt] ( ! s5ses4 ,a "w ( art does n cease to t\* u ! mom5t x is out ( our sight2 nay1 we may ev5 get m pleasure & help f x aft] ?an :5 actually gaz+ at x4 ,b if x is to cont9ue to please u1 beauty mu/ be> to be ?\ght ab\t4 ,if we _c dwell ) satisfaction on ! orig9 or production ( ! beautiful object1 its beauty ceases to please1 we feel x to be sup]ficial4 ,?is desire = su* a h>mony 9 our life & surr\nd+s z w n alone delight ! eye1 b w also satisfy & please ! m9d & he>t1 spr++ z x does f a deep] appreciation ( beauty1 w h f>-rea*+ results 9 ! direction ( w$d+ art & simplicity toge!r4 ,!re are _m :o c no long] enjoy an arti/ic life above /airs1 undi/urb$ by ! lack ( :at art c\ld add1 9 ! life bel[ /airs on :i* x re/s2 = !y feel t no beauty 9 ! draw+ room c make up = ! want ( beauty 9 ! lives ( ^? 9 ! kit*52 no ref9em5t 9 ! /udy comp5sate = ! utt] lack ( x 9 ! work%op4 ,9 fact we are com+ to realize t al?\gh we may h ! "r & ! p[] to create = ourselves a co/ly palace to dwell 91 & to ga!r ar\nd u all ! luxuries & ref9em5ts we c ?9k (1 & may moreov] h pl5ty ( s]vants to wait on u & pl5ty ( lab\r]s to help u to support our co/ly life2 yet art w n make su* a life beautiful1 simply because ( t want ( h>mony betwe5 ! life & all t goes to support x4 ,h[ev] "r & j su* a life may be ?\ght to be1 x _c be beautiful4 ,& s ^? to :om beauty really appeals are seek+ a simpl] =m ( life1 "o :i* ne$ n co/ s mu* ( ! lab\r ( o!rs to ma9ta91 or s mu* ( _! own to procure4 ,& ! m !y come to love enjoy beauty1 ! great] mu/ ?is t5d5cy to simplicity ( life become1 n f any virtue or asceticism1 b simply z a matt] ( *oice4 ,:y %\ld "o hav+ su* ta/es encumb] himself ) an elaborate h\sehold1 :i* b (f5ds 8 inn] love ( h>mony1 & takes 8 "t & en]gy f ! enjoym5t ( s mu* great] pleasure8 ,he kn[s t ! art 9 a picture belongs to all :o c appreciate x1 n solely to ! pur*as] ( x1 :o buys n ! art b ! "r to %ut x up2 & he realizes t ! beauty ( a l&scape is a pleasure op5 to all :o c see x1 & t x _c be convey$ 9 ! title de$4 ,su* an "o does n b>t] away 8 "t & 8 fre$om to enjoy ^! solid pleasures1 = ! sake ( a f9e h\se1 f9e society1 or any o!r fictiti\s ref9em5ts4 ,he m9ds n h[ simple 8 surr\nd+s1 if only he may be able to dwell 9 ?\ght on ev]y?+ he h&les or sees ab\t him )\t any pa9ful sugge/ion ( drudg]y 9 ! mak+ ( !m1 or squalor 9 ! ma9ta9+ ( !m1 m>r+ 8 pleasure 9 _! simple elegance4 ,! mo/ humble h\se w cont5t him1 s only he may h "t & quiet to appreciate ! beauties ( nature & art1 & opportunity = ! %>+ ) o!rs ( l ta/e ! enjoym5t ( ^! ?+s4 ,= ! love ( beauty is n selfi%1 x gr[s by %>+3 we all love to make o!rs see ! beauty t we enjoy4 ,x is true t su* a man may be fa/idi\s1 t he may hate all ugly or sordid ?+s1 & may dem& t ev]y?+ he has %all be ! be/ ( its k9d4 ,b ?is mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) a desire = _m ?+s1 or a dislike ( simple ones4 ,! musician too1 is hurt by h>% s\nds & requires 8 music to be ( ! be/1 b he does n ask t an or*e/ral conc]t %all be = ev] go+ on4 ,?is g5]al dep5d5ce ( beauty on simplicity1 at any rate 9 ! private dwell+ h\se1 is ( special int]e/ to ^? ^: function x is to give an arti/ic sett+ to ! lives ( cli5ts by s design+ _! homes t !y %all be com=table = ^? :o are to occupy !m & comely = all :o %all behold !m4 ,! ar*itect is a/oni%$ to f9d h[ v conv5tional g5]ally are ! reasons :i* dictate ! size & arrangem5t ( ! h\se4 ,he is impress$ by ! great diff]5ce t exi/s betwe5 :at are consid]$ to be suitable h\ses = diff]5t classes ( p3 & he beg9s to wond] :e!r !re are n discov]able "s factors det]m9+ :at is a suitable size = a man's %ell hav+ m intimate relation to 8 life ?an ! dep? ( 8 pocket1 or "s reason = its =m & adornm5t less conv5tional ?an ^? usually accept$4 ,= example1 an ar*itect receives a commission to design "s lab\r]s' cottages4 ,! co/ is ! fir/ /ipulation3 ?is mu/ be l[ en\gh = ! cottages to yield a fair return on ! outlay :5 let at su* r5ts z ! lab\r]s c af=d to pay out ( _! pres5t wages4 ,probably ! next /ipulation is t ea* h\se mu/ h a p>l\r1 kit*51 & ?ree b$rooms4 ,! usual result ( su* in/ructions is a design = a r[ ( cottages1 all alike1 ea* hav+ a small p>l\r 9 front ) a front door into x1 a kit*5 beh9d--x is well if ?is is n small] /ill--) ! /airs go+ up betwe5 ! two & a little l>d] "u3 ! kit*5 has a back door lead+ into ! y>d1 a s9k "u ! only w9d[1 & a copp] betwe5 t & ! fire4 ,"h we h z ! liv+-room = a family a place twelve to fifte5 feet squ>e1 conta9+ ?ree doors1 a s9k1 & a copp]4 ,true !re is a sitt+-room2 b t is ( little use4 ,! occupants w h nei!r money to f9d coal = a second fire1 nor en]gy to keep ! fire go+ & ! room tidy = use1 nor w !re be any incl9ation = ! family to divide = ! little "t !y are all at home4 ,b a false conv5tion ( respectability dem&s ?is sitt+-room2 & ! /]n limits ( co/ preclude ! possibility ( hav+ a scull]y or wa%h\se 9 addition4 ,h[ an ar*itect mu/ wi% he c\ld attack ?is commission f ano!r /&po9t4 ,h[ he mu/ long to design a h\se to fit ! habits ( life ( ^? :o are to occupy x4 ,!n he w\ld "w on q diff]5t l9es4 ,kn[+ t ! family w practically live 9 ! kit*51 he w\ld ?9k out ! space ne$$ to give room = do+ "w1 tak+ meals1 & re/+4 ,he w\ld consid] :at ( ! "w :i* mu/ be done mo/ t5ds to make ! liv+-room uncom=table & dirty2 & he w\ld bani% t to a scull]y or wa%-h\se4 ,9 ! liv+-room he w\ld plan s t !re might be w>m seats r\nd ! fire 9 w9t]1 free f draughts1 & seats = summ] ne> ! w9d[2 a good dress] = "w1 well light$ & suppli$ ) cupbo>ds1 plate-rack1 & p]haps a small wa%+-up s9k = ! crock]y4 ,!n he w\ld all[ space = a table = meals1 & a few %elves = books2 p]haps he might ev5 f9d a corn] = a piano or desk1 9 case ei!r %\ld be want$4 ,in/ead ( ! sitt+-room1 he w\ld ei!r build a little d5 = quiet read+ or writ+1 if any memb] ( ! family desir$ to /udy1 or m probably s plan "o ( ! b$rooms t a portion ( x c\ld be made cosy = su* a purpose1 ab\t ! only "o = :i* a sitt+-room w\ld be at all likely to be want$4 ,rememb]+ too t cleanl9ess has be5 plac$ only second among virtues1 & t probably mo/ ( ! lab\r]s w\ld h dirty & ardu\s "w1 he w\ld contrive to give a ba?2 & if no?+ bett] c\ld be done might put x 9 ! scull]y4 ,9 ?is way he w\ld h obta9$ a cottage z ne>ly z possible fitt$ to ! lives ( ! p4 ,x w\ld take no m daily lab\r & exp5se to keep up ?an ! conv5tional "o1 & w\ld n co/ su* a great deal m to build--9 fact1 omitt+ ! ba?1 & keep+ )9 ! total size1 ne$ co/ no m4 ,p]haps ! next commission is = a c\ntry h\se4 ,x is /ipulat$ t !re %all be d9+-room1 draw+-room1 & libr>y1 a good entrance hall & six b$rooms1 toge!r ) kit*51 scull]y1 two s]vants' b$rooms1 butl]'s pantry1 *9a pantry1 l>d]1 laundry1 a lavatory & cloak-room on ! gr\nd floor1 & a ba?room on ea* b$room floor4 ,su* requirem5ts h probably z little real connection ) ! lives ( ! p :o are to live 9 ! h\se1 z ! conv5tions :i* dictat$ ! two room$ cottage4 ,! size ( ! h\se has m to d ) ! social position assum$ by its own]1 ?an ) ! numb] ( 8 h\sehold2 & ! libr>y q z likely is due to ! l5g? ( 8 purse1 z to ! numb] ( 8 books or 8 lit]>y pursuits4 ,some:]e betwe5 ^! two extremes mu/ lie ! sort ( h\se :i* ! lov] ( art & beauty w\ld desire = himself4 ,some:]e1 9 ea* case1 mu/ ! two oppos+ t5d5cies ( com=t & simplicity meet4 ,up to a c]ta9 po9t x w add to a man's real pleasure 9 life to enl>ge ^u ! b>e %elt] ( ! lab\r]'s cottage2 b beyond t po9t any ga9 !re may be w be too de>ly b\ght4 ,?is po9t is fix$ = any individual1 b mu/ ( c\rse v>y widely ) ! temp]am5t & circum/ances ( ea*4 ,x is suffici5t = our purpose to realize t !re is su* a po9t1 & t ! developm5t ( a man's love ( beauty & art w 9 ! long run give m & m =ce to ! t5d5cies :i* make = simplicity4 ,^? ^: ma9 desire is = beauty 9 _! lives1 are com+ to see t to ! rational cottage z sket*$ above1 ) its ample liv+-room & ! o!r absolute necess>ies ( a dec5tly com=table life1 !y mu/ add ) great caution & reluctance1 & only z dictat$ by really press+ ne$s4 ,e extra room is an add$ c>e1 means fur!r dem&s on "t & en]gy1 & makes x h>d] to ma9ta9 ! home )\t introduc+ additional inh>moni\s elem5ts 9 ! way ( s]vice4 ,x is possible1 ?\gh n easy1 to introduce "o help] into ! home life on equal t]ms1 b v difficult inde$ to d ?is ) two4 ,! increase ( ! h\se mu/ be zeal\sly resi/$1 if x is to be kept )9 ! limits ( "o help] do+ a fair %>e ( "w4 ,& n only mu/ ! size be wat*$3 ! furni%+ & decorat+ likewise ne$ to be kept simple4 ,x is a good rule 9 su* a h\se to add no?+ until actually ne$$1 & to ?9k well :e!r ! pleasure & com=t x c give w repay ! c>e & du/+ x w require4 ,work+ on ^! l9es !re w be a good *ance t our homes w gr[ beautiful1 t !y w fit our lives & be really fill$ ) life4 ,:5 we try h[ few ?+s we c d )1 we also beg9 to try h[ beautiful ^? few may be made4 ,:5 we value our "t1 & ! "t ( our help]s1 by ! pleasure :i* may be _h f a wise use ( x1 we %all take c>e t any adornm5t we h1 %all at lea/ give pleasure equal to any o!r use we might h made ( ! "t requir$ to obta9 x4 ,!re=e none b good decoration w tempt u4 ,we %all be cont5t ) our b>e col\r$ walls1 until p]haps "s arti/ fri5d comes along & adorns !m = u ) "s true ornam5t1 :i* w be an abid+ satisfaction1 n only 9 ! direct sugge/ion :i* x conveys1 b also 9 ! memories x revives ( a pleasant visit & a gue/ happy 9 a cong5ial task4 ,,raymond ,,unw94 ,,( ,,furniture4 ,"p #a4 ,a lecture giv5 be=e a ga!r+ ( art work]s4 ,our in/ructions = to-night are t we %[ y examples ( "s ( our "w4 ,b we h f\nd ourselves unable to comply ) ! lett] ( ! in/ructions1 to conf9e ! examples t we %[ y to-night to furniture2 =1 ( furniture :i* c be consid]$ ap>t f ! build+ x furni%es1 we h sc>cely any to %[4 ,comply+ z ne>ly z we c1 we w z f> z possible keep )9 :at may be consid]$ furni%+4 ,be=e proce$+ to ! illu/rations ( our "w1 ,i w\ld l to po9t out :at we claim y %all f9d to be its lead+ *>act]i/ics3 & among ^! ,i w "n fir/1 absolute simplicity1 directness1 & /raight=w>dness4 ,i feel t we are to-day s completely smo!r$ 9 lifeless & mean+less fuss ( patt]n1 m\ld+1 knick-knack1 fl\ri% & conv5tion1 & ! ma*9e-made me*anically produc$ sub/itute = ornam5t1 t x is well-nigh impossible = our arti/ic s5sibilities to exi/ at all unless lib]at$ f !m4 ,i w\ld m5tion secondly complete unity & absolute h>mony betwe5 all ! p>ts1 su* z c only be obta9$ :5 a h\se1 its decorations & furniture1 are all design$ by "o man--or at lea/ "u ! entire sup]vision ( "o man4 ,n[ :5 ,i claim t if ! result is to be arti/ically satisfactory1 nay also if x is to be satisfactory f ! po9t ( view ( com=t & practical utility1 ! h\se & ev]y?+ 9 ! h\se mu/ f ! fir/ be ?\ght ( & design$ z a :ole1 ! objection mo/ commonly made is t a h\se %\ld reflect some:at ! "*1 habits1 & ta/e ( ^? :o live 9 x2 & t if ! ar*itect is to make 8 influ5ce felt 9 e detail ( its furni%+ & decoration1 x w %[ 8 feel+1 ta/e1 & "*1 n 8 cli5t's4 ,!re seems at fir/ glance to be "s tru? 9 ?is2 b a v little ?\ght w %[1 t in/ead ( ! p[] ( ! memb]s ( a h\sehold to impress _! own individuality ^u _! home be+ less5$ by ?is ext5sion ( ! ar*itect's influ5ce1 x w\ld be greatly increas$4 ,! ar*itect :o is wor? any?+ w always design a h\se :i* w fit any p>ticul> cli5t mu* bett] ?an w\ld any h\se he c\ld possibly f9d n design$ = him3 & ( furniture1 fitt+s & decoration1 & all else belong+ to a h\se1 ?is is also true4 ,! cli5t want+ a piece ( furniture1 c o!rwise only select1 f ^? (f]$ = sale 9 ! %ops1 t :i* w mo/ ne>ly fill ! place ( some?+ design$ specially to meet 8 requirem5ts4 ,8 own ta/e & individuality c h no influ5ce ^u x :atev]2 no say 9 ! =m x %all take2 ?is has be5 decid$ = him by a design] to :om he probably nev] gives a ?\ght4 ,b if 8 ar*itect designs some?+ to fit him 8 h\se1 ! cli5t c make 8 own ta/e felt f ! beg9n+2 he c make kn[n to 8 ar*itect 8 own p]sonality1 habits1 & feel+2 & h "s *ance ( gett+ :at w accord ) ^! & moreov] be 9 prop] relation ) ! :ole4 ,x is n a "q :e!r he %all h ?+s to 8 own design or to t ( ano!r3 ?is w\ld be a diff]5t matt] altoge!r3 ! "q is3 ,%all he h ?+s design$ to fit 9 ) him & 8 requirem5ts1 or d ! be/ he c ) :at *ance may (f] him8 ,x has /ruck me z v wond]ful h[ good a result has 9 r>e in/ances be5 atta9$ by "o ( true arti/ic feel+ ?r\gh long ye>s ( c>eful wat*fulness mak+ ! mo/ ( su* opportunities z came 9 8 way ( pick+ up ga!r+ r\nd him--(t5 9 a h\se :i* has n a r$eem+ *>act]i/ic--furniture & decoration :i* 8 own ta/e has told him are good & reasonably congru\s4 ,b ,i h always felt3 ,:at w\ld n ?is man h made ( x if he _h be5 able to h "s influ5ce ^u ! design = ! h\se & ! ?+s 9 x6 ,by *oos+ an ar*itect capable ( sympa?y ) 8 own arti/ic feel+1 he c\ld h done m at ! v outset t[>ds procur+ a fitt+ sett+ = himself & 8 life1 ?an he has be5 able to d by all 8 c>e & ?\ght 9 selection4 ,t !y :o lack ta/e w also /amp _! own individuality on ! h\se !y live 91 no matt] h[ ext5d$ has be5 ! ar*itect's prov9ce1 we "k to our co/ to be only too true4 ,all "h "k t ! only "r way to g to "w to design any?+ is to give x t =m :i* w be/ enable x to fulfil its functions1 t =m :i* is be/ adapt$ to ! me?ods by :i* x is to be produc$1 at ! same "t giv+ x ! mo/ beautiful =m consi/5t ) expla9+ ^! conditions ( purpose & con/ruction3 & ,i cont5d fur!r t to ga9 arti/ic success ! position x is to occupy mu/ also be tak5 into consid]ation2 x mu/ be design$ = its place2 &1 to get ! be/ result1 its place mu/ ev5 be design$ = x4 ,socially morally & arti/ically "o ( ! mo/ necess>y re=ms to-day is t we %\ld simplify our lives2 we %\ld %ake ourselves free f all ?is hamp]+ web ( artificialities 9 :i* we h become s degrad+ly entangl$3 & 9 our homes we mu/ make ?is possible = ourselves by fir/ sweep+ away all ^! fussy sub/itutes = ornam5t1 all ^! suppos$ indications & requirem5ts ( ref9em5t4 ,!n1 :5 we h done ?is1 we mu/ set ourselves to make ^? ?+s :i* are necess>y & helpful to real life & true ref9em5t also beautiful4 ,b h y ev] se5 ! ord9>y room ) no?+ b ! b>e necess>ies ( educat$ & ref9$ life 9 x8 ,i c assure y ! effect is n com=table4 ,& x is n to be wond]$ at t p condemn$ to live 9 su* rooms %\ld try to supplem5t _! baldness by all sorts ( add$ ornam5t & bric--brac4 ,"s "t ago a picture deal] 0 look+ at "s ( our designs = rooms1 & he said3 8,yes1 b x _c be expect$ t ,i %\ld admire !m4 ,y1 & ^? :o foll[ y\r tea*+ are ! wor/ enemies ,i h4 ,i want p to h h\ses ( ! ord9>y type1 t !y may always be try+ 9 va9 to make some?+ ( !m1 by pati5tly buy+ buy+ 9 ! hope t by add+ fir/ ?is !n t "s approa* to a satisfactory result may be obta9$4 ,ea* ( ^! rooms is 9 itself a complete & satisfactory :ole3 !re is no temptation to add any?+40 ,le/ ! =ego+ %\ld give any ! impression t ,i d n f9d places = pictures1 ,i w let ?is br+ me to :at soon] or lat] ?is ev5+ ,i %all be call$ ^u to ju/ify myself 91 namely1 ! am\nt ( realism ,i admit 9 a picture to :i* ,i accord a place z an elem5t ( decoration4 ,i hold t ! degree ( conv5tionalisation ju/ifiably dem&$ 9 any decoration is only su* z is necessitat$ by ! foll[+3 ,! limitations ( ! mat]ials & ! processes by :i* x is to be produc$2 a j appreciation ( ! special beauties ( ^! mat]ials & *>act]i/ics ( ^! processes2 & a full recognition ( its prop] relations to all by :i* x w be surr\nd$1 & ) :i* x is to be comb9$ z a compon5t "p ( an ar*itectural :ole4 ,!re is no ne$ = add+ any fur!r artificial re/rictions4 ,b z a legitimate reason = conv5tion ,i w\ld add a p]fectly frank ackn[l$gm5t ( consid]ations ( economy4 ,if y use "o process 9 pref]5ce to ano!r because x is less co/ly1 !re is no occasion to disguise ?is4 ,b1 spite ( ! conv5tion ju/ifi$ by ?is ne$ful economy1 seek to reta9 some?+ ( ! effect :i* ! motif t gave ! inspiration _h ^u y4 ,! easel picture hung on ! walls ( our h\ses is c]ta9ly unsatisfactory2 t x is only m s :5 hung on ! walls ( an exhibition all w admit3 b t all ! advance we h made 9 our p[] to repres5t nature 9 reali/ic portraiture is 9 ! wrong direction we _c admit4 ,we may insi/ t our easel pictures %all be reg>d$ z complete 9 !mselves1 & ?\ght ( z deta*$ dissociat$ f all t surr\nds !m2 b ?is is dem&+ an impossibility3 !y mu/ =m "p ( a :ole4 ,we f9d ! easel picture is less unsatisfactory if we d no?+ m = x ?an consid] its frame1 ! col\r s*eme ( its sett+ & surr\nd+s ) relation to x3 give x a def9ite place made = x1 & x is bett] /ill4 ,b let u add to all its o!r dignity ?is too1 t x fulfils all ! dem&s made ^u x 9 its capacity z an elem5t ( decoration1 & x w be by s mu* ! great]4 ,! imag9ative picture1 or ! picture giv+ a bit ( nature ) h] mood1 & hav+ some?+ ( ! effect ^u "o ! real sc5e w\ld h1 only ga9s by be+ at ! same "t also decorative4 ,& x is equally true t if decoration1 by ! sugge/ion ( a beautiful sc5e1 c also h ^u u some?+ ( ! uplift+ effect su* a sc5e w\ld h1 z a decoration x is f9]4 ,d n let u h conv5tion pure & simple4 ,if we are to reta9 all t art has ga9$ 9 ! developm5t ( ! easel picture1 we mu/ face ! problem fairly1 n %irk x4 ,let u fir/ h some?+ :i* we feel to be really beautiful1 & !n let u suff] x to und]go only su* conv5tionalisation z is dictat$ naturally by ! conditions & processes ( its production1 ! limitations ( ! mat]ials f :i* x is to be creat$1 & a true feel+ = fitness2 nev] los+ sight ( ! ess5tial elem5ts ( ! beauty ( our motif & ! factors 9 creat+ t beauty1 & sacrific+ no?+ we c help ( its mean+ & *>m4 ,,b>ry ,,p>k]4 ,,( ,,furniture4 ,"p #b4 ,!re is "o po9t t\*$ ^u by ,mr4 ,p>k] 9 8 pap]1 ab\t :i* ,i %\ld l to say a few words3 ,i ref] to ! "q ( simplicity 9 furni%+4 ,i feel t 9 %[+ to an assembly ( art work]s _m ( ! illu/rations :i* we wi% to %[1 "s fur!r explanation on ?is po9t is due4 ,!re may be rooms requir$ = /ate purposes 9 ! palaces ( k+s or ! mansions ( ! great1 :i* call = elaborate v ornate furni%+3 su* ,i d n propose n[ to consid]4 ,i w\ld ref] r to ! homes ( av]age middle-class p1 :]e ?is /yle ( furni%+ w\ld be out ( place4 ,su* p h usually ?\ght x necess>y = _! h\ses to conta9 sev]al sitt+-rooms1 call+ !m d9+-room1 draw+-room1 & breakfa/-room1 al?\gh ! means at ! disposal ( ! great majority w\ld n all[ ?ree dec5t rooms2 & ! desir$ numb] c\ld only be obta9$ by r$uc+ !m all to t9y box-l *amb]s1 n "o ( !m l>ge en\gh to make a com=table liv+ ap>tm5t4 ,f ?is suppos$ necessity has sprung ! typical mod]n suburban resid5ce1 :i* consi/s ( a s]ies ( ^! small box-l *amb]s m or less clev]ly fitt$ toge!r2 :ile to meet ! dem& ?us caus$1 we f9d ! w>eh\ses fill$ ) ready-made furniture1 suppos$ to be suitable to ^! rooms1 inscrib$ 8draw+-room suite10 8d9+-room suite10 & s on4 ,^! also ,i w n consid]2 !y h no int]e/1 no actual t\* on life4 ,su* h\ses & ! furniture :i* is made = !m are no m fitt$ to ! lives ( n9e out ( t5 middle-class families ?an w\ld be ! old hall & sol> ( ! middle ages ) _! rude fitt+s4 ,my cont5tion is t ! great majority ( middle-class families live 9 "o sitt+-room4 ,x is ev5 pa!tic to wat* _! attempts to d ?is 9 h\ses :i* seem specially design$ to make x z difficult z possible4 ,_m make ! d9+-room s]ve !m = a liv+-room1 wa/+ ! be/ room 9 ! h\se by keep+ x vacant1 except on m or less /ate occasions2 o!rs live 9 ! draw+-room1 tak+ _! meals only 9 ! d9+-room4 ,b :atev] ! arrangem5t1 !y all alike seem to be hamp]$ = want ( a good com=table liv+-room design$ & furni%$ z su*4 ,i want specially to speak ( rooms ( ?is class1 9 ! design+ & furni%+ ( :i* we are at once br\ght into t\* ) ! daily life ( ! h\sehold1 & h scope to consid] & meet _! actual requirem5ts4 ,9 su* a room1 if !y possess$ x1 mo/ families w\ld take "s at any rate ( _! meals2 suitable table & seats mu/ !re=e be provid$1 ) some?+ ( ! nature ( a sidebo>d or dress] to hold ! _m accessories :i* are mo/ conv5i5tly kept 9 ! room4 ,! ladies w\ld d _! "w "h & %\ld h cupbo>ds or o!r provision = _! num]\s app>atus4 ,a piano & place to keep music w g5]ally ne$ provid+2 :ile book %elves1 cupbo>ds or draw]s = newspap]s & magaz9es1 w be requir$2 & "s k9d ( writ+ table or bureau prop]ly fitt$ to conta9 ! h\sehold /ation]y bus9ess pap]s w\ld mo/ly be a great boon4 ,! room too %\ld h cosy seats1 & some?+ 9 ! way ( a s(a or settle z ! family w sit & re/ "h2 & ^! mu/ be com=tably plac$ 9 relation to ! fire1 door1 & w9d[s4 ,a place w\ld n uncommonly h to be f\nd = *ildr5 to sp5d at any rate "p ( ! day1 :i* implies a toy draw] & "s space = play4 ,x is ( c\rse only 9 ! small] middle-class h\se--:i* by ! way is num]ically f> ! mo/ important--t ! :ole ( ! family life is c>ri$ on 9 "o sitt+-room3 b ! ne$ ( a good liv+-room is none ! less felt 9 _m a l>g] h\se :]e ! means ( ! occupants w all[ ( _! hav+ m rooms ?an "o 9 regul> use4 ,9 su* h\ses "s ( ! functions ( ! liv+ room w no d\bt be provid$ = sep>ately4 ,!re w be a nurs]y or play-room = ! bairns 9 "o h\se2 a special room = meals 9 ano!r3 9 "o1 aft]noon call]s w be receiv$ 9 a b\doir2 9 ano!r1 a /udy or libr>y w be set ap>t = m /udi\s pursuits2 :ile ! ta/es ( "s families may dem& a room set ap>t = music4 ,b :atev] rooms may be add$1 /ill1 9 ! great majority ( cases1 !re w be ne$$ "o to s]ve z a g5]al liv+-room4 ,j z 9 ! middle ages ! great hall 0 ! c5tre ( ! h\se1 all ! o!r *amb]s clu/]+ r\nd & be+ subord9ate to x2 s 9 ! mod]n middle class h\se a good liv+ room is ! fir/ ess5tial1 & all ! o!r rooms %\ld be consid]$ 9 relation to x4 ,?is liv+ room requires furniture & fitt+s specially suit$ to its v>i\s functions1 & its requirem5ts c no m be met by a suite ( d9+-room or draw+-room furniture ?an !y c\ld by a set ( kit*5 ?+s4 ,if we rememb] t l>ge numb]s ( su* h\ses z we are speak+ ( are work$ ) "o s]vant1 & ! majority ) n m ?an two2 x w be obvi\s t ?is room1 :i* 9 s _m cases w be us$ = an e>ly breakfa/1 mu/ be s arrang$ t x c be easily & quickly clean$4 ,if we consid] fur!r ! great numb] ( articles t mu/ be kept h&y 9 su* a room1 to say no?+ ( ! p !mselves :o are to occupy x--= :om aft] all ! room exi/s1 & z a back-gr\nd = ^: life x alone has any reason = be+--x w be evid5t t ! furniture _c well be too simple4 ,if ! result is n to become a cr[d$ jumble1 ample all[ance mu/ be made1 9 consid]+ ! decorations & furni%+1 = ! life t is to come into ! room1 & = ! hundr$ & "o articles :i* we may call ! implem5ts ( su* life4 ,^! ( !mselves mu/ =m a l>ge elem5t1 good or bad1 9 ! decoration ( a room2 & c\ld !y all be obta9$ graceful & beautiful1 !re w\ld be a lib]al supply ( ornam5t4 ,b ?is is "o ( ! greate/ difficulties2 =1 :ile x is possible to f9d beautiful pla/]-"w1 c>v+1 gesso panels1 & s =?1 x is almo/ impossible to obta9 ! necess>y implem5ts ( life ev5 tol]ably elegant4 ,9 va9 d we seek to make a room look beautiful by ! elaboration ( its decoration & furniture1 irrespective ( all t goes to make up ! life t w be liv$ 9 x4 ,! successful room is ! "o :i* looks well ) all ! life 9 x1 n ! "o :i* looks its be/ be=e x is occupi$4 ,x is only by mak+ prop] all[ance = ?is life t a liv+ room c be made to look well4 ,great simplicity is ne$$ 9 ! treatm5t ( a room :i* may s soon become cr[d$ & re/less2 b :i* may also1 if prop]ly treat$1 be m *>m+ & homelike ?an any o!r1 j because x is s full ( life & ! evid5ces ( life--a decoration aft] all by no means to be despis$4 ,,raymond ,,unw94 ,,build+ ,,natural ,,beauty4 ,ar\nd ! cottage ,i live 9 !re is a l>ge rook]y1 spread+ ov] _m trees :i* =m a small wood on ! hillside4 ,la/ ye> a pair ( rooks began to build a ne/ 9 a bee*-tree t /&s by ! cottage3 !y *ose a l>ge b\gh ov]-hang+ ! road1 q away f ! g5]al colony1 & 9 a v prom95t position4 ,?is 0 evid5tly ! cause ( great annoyance to ! black-coat$ community1 :o aga9 & aga9 de/roy$ ! half-built ne/4 ,! ent]pris+ pair ma9ta9$ _! position h[ev]2 & aft] "s weeks ( cont5tion got ! ne/ complet$1 by work+ 9 turns1 "o m\nt+ gu>d :ile ! o!r fet*$ ! twigs4 ,!y re>$ _! family )\t fur!r mole/ation1 s f> z ,i c\ld obs]ve2 b ?is spr+ ! fir/ ?+ ! rooks did 0 to de/roy ! la/ remnants ( ! ne/ left by ! w9t] /orms4 ,?is int]e/+ little episode ( rook life set me mus+ z to :y ! community %\ld object to ?is ne/4 ,i c\ld only suppose t its isolat$ & prom95t position (f5d$ _! s5se ( ! g5]al fitness ( ?+s1 & t !y wi%$ to gu>d aga9/ ! fir/ beg9n+s ( 8,suburban ,villadom40 ,if s1 we mu/ ,i ?9k comm5d alike _! good s5se & _! good ta/e4 ,= !re is no?+ :i* x seems m hopeless to h>monize ) natural sc5]y ?an ! mod]n t[n suburb4 ,we f9d pl5ty ( cities1 t[ns1 & villages1 ca/les1 mansions1 & cottages1 :i* are a joy 9 ! l&scape2 b :5 a mod]n t[n beg9s to sprawl its squalor or its suburban g5tility out into ! fields1 :at desecration ( sc5]y foll[s6 ,mo/ p feel ?is )\t realis+ ! cause v fully4 ,b if we look = x1 we %all f9d t mod]n suburbs specially (f5d 9 com+ betwe5 ! t[n & ! c\ntry2 s t1 h[ev] ! city may be fitt$ to beautify ! l&scape1 we _c see x f ! fields2 nor c we cat* a refre%+ glimpse ( ! cool gre5 hillside f amid/ our busy /reets4 ,= betwe5 lie miles ( j]ry cottages built 9 r[s1 or acres ( ill-assort$ villas1 ea* set 9 a scrap ( s-call$ l&scape g>d54 ,9 ! old t[ns :i* we admire :5 we *ance to come on !m1 we notice t ! c\ntry comes up clean & fre% "r to ! po9t :]e ! t[n prop] beg9s3 & x does beg9 inde$3 hone/ t[n1 confess$1 :i* does n seek to look half-c\ntrifi$4 ,9 ! olde/ cities we sometimes f9d a wall ) ! c\ntry com+ "r up to ! gates1 :i* adds to ?is effect4 ,9 old times all ! t[nspeople liv$ 9 ! t[n1 & tri$ to make x comely z a t[n2 & :5 ?is 0 done x g5]ally look$ pleas+ 9 ! l&scape4 ,x 0 possible to get mo/ *>m+ peeps ( c\ntry f its /reets--fram$ 9 p]haps ) an old gateway1 or ) "s dec5t t[n build+s4 ,( our mod]n citiz5s1 all :o c af=d x live outside ! t[n1 remov$ f ^? :o "w to make !m weal?y4 ,h5ce !y lose int]e/ 9 ! t[n z a dwell+-place1 & we get a great c5tral bus9ess qu>t]1 surr\nd$ by ! resid5tial suburbs conta9+ only poor t[n build+s or nondescript half-c\ntry dwell+s4 ,x is n h[ev] ) suburbs only t we spoil sc5]y2 9 isolat$ build+s1 or gr\ps ( build+s1 we v (t5 put up :at is (f5sive to ! lov] ( c\ntry2 & x w ,i ?9k be bo? int]e/+ & useful to enquire a little fur!r :y ! build+s :i* our =efa!rs put up mo/ly adorn a l&scape1 :ile our own erections s frequ5tly spoil x4 ,mu* ( ! *>m ( old build+s is no d\bt due to ! k9dly h& ( ,"t1 :i* n only heals ! sc>s t man makes on ! e>?1 b tones d[n ! raw surfaces1 & s(t5s ! h>d l9es & col\rs ( any?+ he may build4 ,b n to ,fa!r ,"t c we give all ! cr$it4 ,x w be m ?an he c d1 ,i ?9k1 to make our mod]n suburbs look z beautiful1 z fitt+ 9 ! sc5]y1 z _m an old city or c\ntry t[n does4 ,ap>t f ! "q ( beauty 9 ! /yle ( build+1 :i* ( c\rse is an obvi\s factor ( great influ5ce1 !re are a few m easily und]/ood reasons = ! diff]5ce betwe5 old & new4 ,if we take = example _! position3 d n old h\ses & villages g5]ally seem to ne/le 9 a valley1 "u a hill1 or by ! edge ( a wood or copse1 & bo? by _! plac+ & /yle convey ! idea ( %elt] & retreat8 ,sometimes ?is *>act]i/ic 0 c>ri$ s f>1 t we f9d h\ses plac$ s z to get little or no view4 ,b !y 7 built = busy p :o liv$ ma9ly out ( doors1 & return$ to _! %elt] at night z ! rooks come home to roo/4 ,too (t5 n[ we place a build+ s z to /rike a note ( defiance ) surr\nd+ nature4 ,! ?+ /&s out h>d & prom95t 9 ! l&scape2 %\ts at y across ! valley2 & ?r\gh n co-op]at+ ) ! sc5e1 fails to convey any?+ ( t s5se ( ne/l+ 9 a fitt+ nook1 or on an appropriate l$ge--t %elt]+ "u ,nature's w+ z x 7--:i* makes a build+ look really at home4 ,!n1 too1 does n ! old build+ seem almo/ to gr[ out ( ! gr\nd on :i* x /&s8 ,built ( ! local /one2 ro($ ) mat]ial common to ! di/rict--?at*1 /one %+les1 or grey slates1 p]haps2 h>moniz+ 9 col\r ) ! rocks & soil2 x is z appropriate to ! e>? on :i* x re/s1 z ! twig built ne/ ( ! rook is to ! tree top on :i* x sways s lightly & yet s securely4 ,z we pass f c\nty to c\nty1 rejoic+ 9 ! unspoilt bits ( old villages & t[ns1 we _c b notice h[ mu* ( ! re/ful quiet beauty is due to ! g5]al h>mony4 ,we see ! grey /one-ro($ village ( ,york%ire & ,d]by%ire1 s quietly fitt+ to ! c\ntry ( rocks & /one walls2 ! gre5 slate ( ,cumb]l& & ,we/morel&1 t c\ntry ( bright col\r+2 ! ?at* ( ,%rop%ire or ,som]set1 always cosy & homely look+1 :e!r on ! timb]-fram$ build+ or on ! :itewa%$ cottage2 or aga91 ! purple slates ( ,nor? ,wales1 unobtrusive among ! d>k blue %ad[s ( h] t[]+ peaks1 & fitly cov]+ 9 ! cottage ^: walls are ( r\gh slabs ( ! same slate4 ,! r$ tile1 too1 col\r$ ) ! iron :i* t9ts ! soil1 m widely di/ribut$ & 9 great] v>iety ?an any ( ! ro( cov]+s1 ?\gh n exactly a natural product only ne$s to be clo!d ) ! gold5 gre5 ( ! li*5 to look z mu* at home z any ( ! re/3 we "k x well 9 ,/af=d%ire1 & to ?9k ( ,:itby )\t its r$ ro(s is to realise at once :at beauty x c give to a sc5e4 ,ea* ( ^! ro( cov]+s has a special beauty ( its own2 "s look well almo/ any:]e2 b we d n always realise h[ mu* ( ro(s we see 9 a l&scape1 or to :at ext5t ! re/ful *>m ( old places spr+s f _! h>mony ) surr\nd+s & ! g5]al preval5ce ( "o mat]ial 9 ! di/rict4 ,our fa!rs 7 n tempt$ z we are 9 ?is4 ,!y _h to use ! local mat]ial & to /ick to x4 ,!re 7 no railways 9 _! "t c>ry+ blue slates to ,:itby1 or r$ tiles to ,nor? ,wales4 ,n[ all ^! mat]ials are br\ght to our doors1 & ! build] *ooses ea* accord+ to 8 own fad2 & s we get all sorts ( mat]ials & col\rs hopelessly jumbl$ up toge!r1 ) no ?\ght ( g5]al h>mony4 ,our manufactur$ mat]ials too are less beautiful4 ,our tiles by p]fect ma*9]y are made s true & flat t a mod]n tile ro( looks z ?\gh x _h be5 iron$ ) a poli%+ iron1 l a %irt front4 ,& bo? our tiles & bricks t5d to become s h>d & =bidd+ t no k9dly li*5 w clo! !m1 no w9d & ra9 s(t5 & tone !m4 ,x gives "o some?+ ( a %ock to see ! delicate clematis & ! cl++ ivy /ruggl+ ) a wall :i*1 aft] tw5ty or ?irty ye>s1 /ill looks z h>d & new z ! day x 0 built4 ,! old tiles 7 a little curl$ 9 burn+1 & _h a surface r\gh en\gh to af=d lodgm5t = moss & li*52 & s ! l9es 7 less h>d1 & ! newness ( surface & col\r soon mell[$ into all sorts ( lovely %ades4 ,_m an old build+ t has little pret5sion to f9e ar*itecture1 yet adorns a sc5e ( natural beauty by its simple fitness ( design1 :]e a mod]n "o w\ld probably spoil x4 ,su* design 0 ! outcome ( a natural ef=t to get ! mo/ use & conv5i5ce out ( mat]ials ?or\ghly kn[n4 ,h5ce a g5]al suitability is f\nd betwe5 design & mat]ial1 & an obvi\s connection betwe5 qua9t features & ! want t has call$ !m into be+4 ,look at ! pla9e/ old f\r-squ>e ?at*$ cottage1 & !re w ne>ly always be "s int]e/ 9 ! way ! ?at* has be5 coax$ up ov] a w9d[1 or a ridge work$ to avoid a *imney gutt]1 :i* r$eems x f baldness4 ,! same skilful h&l+ ( tiles is f\nd 9 all real tile di/ricts2 & s we f9d _m picturesque gables1 :i* we %\ld miss 9 a c\ntry ( slates or /one %+les4 ,!re is on all h&s evid5ce ( a will+ness to give lab\r )\t /9t2 to d a job well & a bit m2 to l+] ov] x1 & see if a little m "w "h & !re w\ld n improve ! look4 ,9 fact1 we read 9 ^! old build+s1 z 9 an op5 book1 ( a simple workman :o 0 some?+ ( an arti/1 "o :o c\ld take pleasure 9 8 "w1 f9d+ joy 9 ! p]fection ( :at he creat$1 & delight 9 its comel9ess4 ,:5ev] we aga9 raise up su* an army ( build]s1 work+ at _! trades ) ! pleasure ( arti/s1 !n w all build+s become z beautiful z ( old2 !n w x be possible = su* workm51 co-op]at+ ) a true ar*itect or ma/] build]1 to raise f9e ar*itecture1 l our old ca!drals & abbeys4 ,no ef=t ( (fice-tra9$ ar*itects1 ) workm5 ^: *ief int]e/ on ! job is to f9d #8knock+-(f "t1' c ev] take ! place ( ! co-op]ation betwe5 real craftsm5 "u ! lead]%ip ( ! mo/ able among !m3 = x is to ?is t we owe mo/ ( ! build+ t we c truly say adorns our c\ntry4 ,,raymond ,,unw94 ,,co-,,op]ation ,,9 ,,build+4 ,z beautiful z an old ,engli% village40 ,! phrase arre/s our att5tion & calls up _m a pleasant picture /or$ 9 our m9ds2 b ) ! rememb]$ beauty !re comes too ! associat$ sadness ( some?+ lov$ t is fa/ pass+ away4 ,! picture we recall may be ! view d[n "s long wide village /reet bord]$ ) clu/]s ( cottages1 "s op5+ direct on to ! roadside1 "s ) _! bright bits ( fl[] bord] 9 front2 "h & !re a break 9 ! build+s is m>k$ ) ! d>k foliage ( trees 9 a l>g] g>d52 a dignifi$ =ec\rt ) its iron rail+s reveals an old manor h\se1 or a gate-way 9 a high wall ov]hung by elms leads to ! vic>age2 :ile at ! /reet end :]e ! road turns away is ! li*-gate1 lead+ to ! *ur* ^: p>apett$ ro( & sl5d] spire ris+ f> above all ! surr\nd+ build+s complete ! :ole gr\p4 ,or maybe we picture to ourselves r "s village gre51 ) ! r[s ( sunny :itewa%$ h\ses1 ! b>ns & hay/acks ( an occasional f>my>d1 ! end ( an or*>d1 & ! village s*ool1 t are ga!r$ r\nd x4 ,9 su* views z ^! !re are h\ses & build+s ( all sizes3 ! hut 9 :i* ! old road-m5d] lives by himself1 ! inn ) its anci5t sign1 ! prosp]\s yeoman's home/ead1 ! blacksmi?'s h\se & =ge1 ! squire's hall1 ! vic>age1 & ! doctor's h\se1 are all seem+ly jumbl$ toge!r2 & m+l$ ) !m are b>ns & village %ops1 wood-y>ds & :eel-wrights' %$s4 ,yet !re is no s5se ( confusion2 on ! contr>y ! sc5e gives u t peaceful feel+ :i* comes f ! p]ception ( ord]ly arrangem5t4 ,?is is ! m surpris+ because ! ord] is r intuitively felt ?an se5 or consci\sly realis$ by ! behold]4 ,x is due v l>gely to ! beautiful gr\p+ ( build+s & ro(s1 a gr\p+ :i* has come s inevitably t x seems z if x w\ld be some:at difficult to avoid x1 or to utt]ly spoil x4 ,c]ta9ly :]e _m build+s ( v>i\s *>act]s & sizes are ga!r$ toge!r1 z 9 a village1 a picturesqu5ess ( gr\p+ is r>ely abs5t ev5 :5 ! individual build+s h 9 !mselves no special beauty2 & v (t5 ! introduction ( "o or two really ugly mod]n build+s detracts little f ?is p>ticul> *>m4 ,! village 0 ! expression ( a small corporate life 9 :i* all ! diff]5t units 7 p]sonally 9 t\* ) ea* o!r1 consci\s ( & frankly accept+ _! relations1 & on ! :ole cont5t ) !m4 ,?is relation%ip reveals itself 9 ! feel+ ( ord] :i* ! view induces4 ,e build+ hone/ly confesses j :at x is1 & s falls into its place4 ,! smalle/ cottage has its %>e ( ! village /reet on to :i* ! manor h\se also fronts4 ,x is cont5t ) t %>e & ) its condition1 & does n try to look l a villa4 ,x is ?is cry/allisation ( ! elem5ts ( ! village 9 accordance ) a def9itely organiz$ life ( mutual relations1 respect or s]vice1 :i* gives ! appe>ance ( be+ an organic :ole1 ! home ( a community1 to :at w\ld o!rwise be a m]e conglom]ation ( build+s4 ,?is effect is greatly enhanc$ :]e ! c5tral feature ar\nd :i* ! village has clu/]$1 ! *ur*1 ca/le1 or manor h\se1 is ( suffici5t size & ar*itectural int]e/ to *all5ge comp>ison ) ! :ole village r ?an ) ! individual h\ses4 ,! impressive pile ( ! old ,priory z se5 across ! valley t[]+ above all ! o!r grey ro($ build+s ( ! little t[n ( ,c>tmel1 is a f9e example ( ?is4 ,! s5se ( unity is fur!r increas$ 9 mo/ old villages by a g5]al h>mony 9 col\r & /yle ( ! build+s !mselves1 due to ! preval5t use ( c]ta9 mat]ials1 :i* are usually ^? f\nd 9 ! di/rict4 ,9 ! mod]n build+-e/ate all ^! elem5ts ( beauty are entirely want+4 ,! l& is cut up into little plots all ab\t ! same size2 ^! are sold to a *ance collection ( p :o erect on !m h\ses ( any conceivable /yle1 or lack ( /yle2 ea* deals ) 8 own plot q reg>dless ( ! o!rs2 & e h\se seems to be wi%+ to dissociate itself z mu* z possible f its neighb\rs1 to look z di/9ct & impos+ z x c4 ,gr\nd en\gh n be+ all[$ = ea* h\se to /& com=tably )9 its plot1 su* sep>ation z exi/s only makes x possible = e h\se to block ! view f "s o!r1 & easy = ! occupants to ov]-look _! neighb\rs & realise _! ne> pres5ce all r\nd to a maximum ext5t4 ,no gr\p+ ( build+s is ?\ght ( nor any organiz$ arrangem5t1 beyond occasionally "s feeble attempt at lay+ out /reets2 & x is r>ely inde$ t we seem able to erect a public build+ ( any sort at all 9 scale ) ! ext5t ( ! surr\nd+ h\ses4 ,to comp5sate = ! loss ( ! int]e/ spr++ f v>iety ( gr\p+1 a loss specially evid5t 9 ! old-fa%ion$ f\r-squ>e suburban villa1 an attempt is n[ mo/ly made to introduce "s special features into ea* individual h\se1 & s to create an artificial picturesqu5ess4 ,?is is n uncommonly done by ne$lessly cutt+ up ! ro( ) turrets f :i* !re is no outlook1 or gables :i* s]ve no purpose except to provide an excuse = a little black & :ite half-timb] "w4 ,a /reet ( su* h\ses is h[ev] ev5 less satisfactory ?an "o ( ! old squ>e box h\ses1 9 t x is m artificial1 & lacks a c]ta9 elem5t ( dignity :i* its pr$ecessor (t5 acquir$ f its v simplicity4 ,9 %ort1 ar\nd all our t[ns are spread pat*es ( villadom ( ! beauty ( :i* no "o c *]i% any memories1 b ! ugl9ess ( :i* causes !m to be reg>d$ by _m ) a cordial hatr$2 s mu* s t to ! lov] ( natural sc5]y ! comm5cem5t ( a new h\se is reg>d$ z a sure sign ( ! com+ de/ruction ( ! old beauty4 ,mod]n conditions ( life & "w are n conducive to ! production ( great ar*itecture1 & x seems probable t we %all h to await "s *ange 9 ^! conditions be=e mu* t is really f9e 9 build+ w be accompli%$4 ,b 9 ! simpl] build+s requir$ = dome/ic purposes !re are m>k$ signs ( improvem5t4 ,already a few ar*itects are meet+ our wants )\t affectation or p$antry1 b ) simple directness & hone/y ( con/ruction1 & are produc+ individual build+s ( great beauty2 b s long z ^! rema9 isolat$ examples1 m]e units 9 a *ance collection1 !y c d little to help ! :ole effect4 ,! v>i\s build+s mu/ be br\ght into h>moni\s relations "o ) ano!r2 ! suburb or settlem5t mu/ be conceiv$ 9 "s broad] _s & develop$ 9 relation to a def9ite idea ( ! :ole1 if any improvem5t is to be effect$4 ,we _c ( c\rse put back ! h&s ( "t1 nor c we re-create ! _s :i* built ! old *ur*es t cr[n s _m villages4 ,! relation%ips ( feudalism h gone1 & democracy has yet to evolve "s def9ite relation%ips ( its own1 :i* :5 !y come w d\btless be z picturesque z ! old =ms4 ,b all[+ full =ce to ^! disadvantages1 we c\ld1 if we really desir$ x1 ev5 n[ s arrange a new build+ site t x %\ld n be an actual eye-sore1 & might manage t x %\ld h "s little ( ! *>m ( ! old village4 ,?anks to ! gr[? ( ta/e among all classes ( p !re is spr++ up a dem& = some?+ ( ! k9d4 ,9 all ! l>ge t[ns are numb]s ( p :o hate ! ugly dre>y life t !y are condemn$ to live 9 !m1 :o love ! c\ntry & c\ntry life1 & :o w travel long di/ances to & f _! "w t !y may be able to enjoy !m4 ,^! p d n want to live 9 isolat$ h\ses1 out ( sight ( _! neighb\rs2 !y are t[nspeople ( sociable in/9cts3 b nei!r d !y desire to live 9 a m]e ext5sion ( ! fr+e ( ! t[n4 ,:at !y really want are c\ntry villages1 little c5tres ( life l>ge en\gh & v>i$ en\gh to give !m int]e/+ human society & a few ( ! m necess>y com=ts ( mod]n life1 su* z a po/ (fice1 a railway /ation1 effici5t dra9age & wat] supply4 ,^! p h _m common int]e/s1 mu* t all w\ld wi% to pres]ve 9 a new home1 z1 = example1 fre% air1 & an op5 view ( c\ntry t _c readily be spoilt4 ,j su* an am\nt ( associat$ action z w\ld ensure ^! advantages = !m all1 w\ld suffice to give ! s5se ( cohesion to ! :ole settlem5t :i* is s lam5tably want+ :5 ea* /ruggles ineffectually to secure z mu* z he c ( !m = himself alone4 ,) "s co-op]ation ! maximum ( ^! advantages c\ld be obta9$ = e individual h\se1 be x l>ge or small2 )\t x none b ^? ri* en\gh to pur*ase a l>ge tract ( c\ntry = !mselves c be secure ( ev5 a limit$ %>e ( !m4 ,)9 easy rea* ( l>ge t[ns1 e/ates f>ms are con/antly *ang+ h&s at prices little above _! value z agricultural l&4 ,frequ5tly we f9d ! ent]pris+ pur*as] takes advantage ( ! dem& = c\ntry homes3 he sp5ds a few hundr$ p\nds 9 develop+ 8 pur*ase z a build+ e/ate1 by mak+ roads & lay+ dra9s2 !n he cuts x up into small plots & sells x at ?ree1 five1 or ev5 t5 times ! rate at :i* he b\ght x4 ,if a few ( ^? :o wi% to secure a c\ntry home 7 to pur*ase su* an e/ate or f>m among !m1 !y c\ld get all ! advantage ( *eap l& !mselves4 ,if !y 7 !n to develop ! site on co-op]ative l9es1 !y c\ld obta9 _m o!r equally solid advantages4 ,! h\ses c\ld be gr\p$ toge!r & s arrang$ t ea* w\ld obta9 a sunny aspect & an op5 outlook2 & portions ( ! l& c\ld be res]v$ = ev] f be+ built ^u to secure ^! views4 ,sid5ote3 ,see plates #aa1 #ch & #ci4 ,! arrangem5t t %\ld be adopt$ to obta9 ! be/ result1 w\ld dep5d entirely on ! nature ( ! site4 ,if x 7 on ! ridge ( "s ris+ gr\nd1 probably ! be/ plan w\ld be to gr\p ! h\ses at ea* side ( a good broad roadway1 tak+ ! wide village /reet z ! sugge/ion2 :ile on a good s\!rn slope1 ! mo/ successful plan might be to ga!r ! h\ses & o!r build+s on ?ree sides ( an op5 space1 adopt+ ! village gre5 z ! model4 ,:]e ! site 0 l>ge en\gh1 & ! slope suffici5t1 a second gre5 ) its h\ses c\ld be arrang$1 l[ en\gh n to ob/ruct ! view f ! upp] "o2 or :]e two sides ( a valley 7 includ$1 villages might be plac$ on ea* ( ! slopes1 leav+ ! valley bel[ = ev] free to af=d a pleasant prospect = ea* village4 ,! p>ticul> arrangem5t to be adopt$ w\ld be a matt] = mo/ c>eful ?\ght1 & no build+ %\ld be comm5c$ until "s def9ite conception ( :at ! complet$ village 0 to be l _h be5 work$ out4 ,! sites = prospective s*ools1 *ur*1 or o!r public build+s1 %\ld be res]v$ f ! fir/1 9 accordance ) ! size to :i* ! available l& w\ld all[ ! community to gr[4 ,! h\ses %\ld be clu/]$ toge!r z mu* z possible1 n set villa-wise ea* 9 ! c5tre ( a little plot4 ,"s few h\ses ( weal?i] memb]s c\ld /& back 9 l>g] gr\nds1 tak+ advantage ( outly+ positions or %>+ 9 ! common outlook z seem$ be/3 _! g>d5s & entrances w\ld make pleasant op5+s 9 ! build+s4 ,b ! majority ( ! h\ses %\ld be ga!r$ into gr\ps1 :i* w\ld inevitably acquire picturesqu5ess f ! v>iety bo? 9 size & =m ( ! build+s4 ,a good numb] ( ! h\ses too might be op5 to ! road or gre54 ,! unf5c$ common com+ "r up to "o's door/ep1 always gives a *>m+ s5se ( op5ness :e!r view$ f )9 or f )\t2 a s5se 9 no way dim9i%$ by ! contra/ t occasional f5c$ g>d5s or =ec\rts (f] :]e ! h\ses are set back some:at4 ,all sorts ( individual ta/es & ne$s w\ld af=d opportunity = obta9+ v>iety3 ! "o ?+ to be avoid$ at all co/s w\ld be ! produc+ ( any?+ l a /reet ( deta*$ villas4 ,! common insatiable desire = deta*m5t is v rem>kable2 x appe>s to arise ma9ly f a resign$ acceptance ( ! j]ry build]'s p>ty wall z ! inevitable "o4 ,ev]yone suspects a p>ty wall1 looks to he> ?r\gh x 8 neighb\r's *ild 9 ! dead ( night1 or 8 piano on a ,sunday aft]noon4 ,gu>antee a s\nd-pro( p>ty wall1 & few w be able to give any valid reason :y !re %\ld be f t5 to fifty feet ( useless gr\nd betwe5 e two h\ses4 ,9 a prop]ly built h\se1 "o is really mu* less consci\s ( "o's neighb\r1 & mu* less ov]-look$ by him1 if 8 h\se is atta*$1 ?an if x is a few y>ds away4 ,:]e x is desir$1 h[ev]1 _m m9or devices1 su* z a highly wall$ g>d5 or a cov]$-9 y>d1 may be us$ ) effect to increase ! numb] ( sep>ate h\ses )\t de/roy+ ! gr\p+4 ,arti/ically1 ! success ( ! plan w\ld dep5d l>gely on ! clu/]+ ( ! build+s1 ! avoidance ( m]e r[s on ! "o h& & ( deta*$ villas on ! o!r4 ,b1 9 addition1 "s controll+ influ5ce mu/ ma9ta9 a c]ta9 degree ( h>mony4 ,! use ( local mat]ials z f> z possible %\ld be enc\rag$1 & ! introduction ( discordant col\rs or /yles ( build+ be prev5t$4 ,! extreme/ degree ( simplicity %\ld be all[$1 b any?+ pret5ti\s1 %[y1 or false1 be rigidly exclud$4 ,probably ?is g5]al control c\ld be be/ secur$ by giv+ to "s ar*itect 9 full sympa?y ) ! s*eme p[]s simil> to ^? usually possess$ by ! ag5t ( a l>ge gr\nd l&lord1 ?\gh ex]cis$ 9 ! latt] case m (t5 to ma9ta9 ! value ( ! prop]ty ?an its beauty4 ,! "q ( design 9 ! individual build+ is "o t _c be t\*$ on "h1 ?\gh obvi\sly a matt] ( vital importance to ! degree ( beauty atta9able2 r ,i seek to emphasize ! great advance :i* is possible to u by a "r use ( su* ta/e & design+ ability z may be readily comm&$ to-day4 ,s soon z ! desire = "s collective beauty 9 our build+s has be5 /imulat$1 ! *ief difficulty w h be5 ov]come4 ,if by "s little co-op]ation we c ar\se int]e/ & pride 9 ! matt]1 "t w develop t collective appreciation ( :at is fitt+1 to :i* we mu/ look = f9al success4 ,sid5ote3 ,see plates #cf & #ch4 ,association = mutual help 9 v>i\s ways is und\bt$ly ! gr[+ influ5ce :i* is de/9$ to br+ to communities t cry/all9e /ructure :i* 0 s m>k$ a feature ( feudal society1 & ! lack ( :i* is s *>act]i/ic ( our own4 ,:5 our new settlem5ts beg9 to feel ?is influ5ce !y w aga9 take on "s ( ! unity :i* comes f organic gr[?4 ,& z ?is influ5ce increases 9 =ce1 & int]e/ & ?\ght become m & m c5tr$ 9 ! communal in/itutions & build+s1 s w ^! beg9 to gr[ 9 beauty2 = ! p w wi% to adorn !m4 ,! beauty ( ! village & its public build+s w !n become a fir/ consid]ation1 & ! pride ( ! inhabitants w be display$ 9 ^!1 n 9 ! aggressive elaboration ( _! own h\ses4 ,!re is ! m hope ( ?is because ! practical advantages to be d]iv$ f su* co-op]ation z sugge/$1 are s great & obvi\s z to =m j su* a reliable basis ( utility z is requir$ = ! heal?y gr[? ( art4 ,)\t go+ fully into ?is side ( ! "q1 a few ( ! m obvi\s directions 9 :i* co-op]ation c\ld help p ( limit$ means1 aft] !y _h associat$ = ! purpose ( pur*as+ & develop+ _! settlem5t1 may be ref]r$ to4 ,! improvem5t & use ( ! l& n requir$ = build+ purposes1 by dra9+1 plant+ ( fruit trees1 or ! erection ( a suitable dairy1 w\ld be "o ( ! fir/ & mo/ important ( ^!2 ?is w\ld secure a good supply ( pure milk & fre% f>m produce1 & at ! same "t all[ ! op5 gr\nd to be enjoy$ to ! full = recreative purposes4 ,a laundry w\ld be ano!r ent]prise specially easy to organize on co-op]ative l9es1 & ev5 9 a village too small to support a fully /aff$ laundry1 x w\ld make all ! diff]5ce if ev]yone c\ld h ! advantage ( a well appo9t$ wa%-h\se in/ead ( hav+ to use ! ord9>y inconv5i5t cramp$ scull]y ) no prop] appliances4 ,9 a community :]e sev]al bus9ess m5 daily j\rney$ to ! t[n1 a co-op]ative conveyance to & f ! /ation c\ld be arrang$ 9 connection ) ! f>m1 z c\ld also ! g5]al c>riage & c>tage requirem5ts4 ,9 provid+ education = ! "y & recreation = all1 association w\ld be invaluable2 :ile x c\ld easily be us$ z a means ( buy+1 on advantage\s t]ms1 9 l>ge quantities1 commodities :i* _c economically be obta9$ 9 ! c\ntry 9 small quantities1 & ( secur+ _m valuable s]vices = all :i* w\ld be out ( ! rea* ( individuals4 ,x is ( c\rse n necess>y t ! fir/ /eps t[>ds ! developm5t ( su* a build+ s*eme %\ld be tak5 by ! prospective t5ants4 ,a l&[n] might well "w on ?is l9e2 he w\ld f9d 9 x a means ( add+ greatly to ! value ( e/ates :i* might n be available = an ord9>y build+ s*eme4 ,if he w\ld lay out a plot ( l& & (f] to all com]s a site ( su* size z !y want$ ) suffici5t op5 l& betwe5 !m & any future build+s t might block _! view secur$ by p]petual gu>antee1 he w\ld get pl5ty ( applications ev5 9 positions t are n ! mo/ fav\rable4 ,he c\ld also1 by build+ "s h\ses ( v>i\s sizes & c>efully gr\p+ !m1 give an example ( ! sort ( build+ he w\ld enc\rage1 :i* w\ld soon be foll[$4 ,by reta9+ "s control ( plans = build+s to be c>ri$ out by o!rs on 8 l&1 he w\ld be able to secure a g5]al h>mony & a consi/5t developm5t4 ,he c\ld too enli/ ! int]e/ ( 8 t5ants or pur*as]s 9 ! gr[? ( ! colony1 & fo/] among !m co-op]ative ef=t 9 t direction4 ,on ! same l9es1 also1 ! /ate or municipal l&lord might relieve ! ov]-cr[d+ 9 t[ns by develop+ hamlets & villages 9 ! out-ly+ di/ricts :]ev] !y _h1 or c\ld get1 suitable l&4 ,& ev5 9 ! t[ns & imm$iately surr\nd+ suburbs1 mu* might be done to remove ! dre>y ugl9ess ( ! /reets by ! use ( co-op]ation 9 build+1 & by ! fo/]+ ( x 9 ! occupants ( ! h\ses4 ,! arrangem5t w\ld ne$ to be diff]5t = a t[n or suburb1 :]e l& w\ld be co/ly1 f t sugge/$ = a village4 ,= j z ! price ( l& 9 ! c5tre ( cities regulates to a l>ge ext5t ! height to :i* x is pr(itable to c>ry up ! build+s1 s on ! outskirts x mu/ det]m9e ! area ( l& t c be all[$ to ea* h\se4 ,by co-op]ation x may be secur$1 h[ev]1 t all ! l& :i* c be af=d$ %all be available to give air & outlook to all alike1 :ile its actual occupation c be res]v$ = ^? :o really want a g>d54 ,sid5ote3 ,see plates #f to #aj1 also #cd & #ce4 ,9 ! c\ntry we h se5 h[ co-op]ation c\ld give back to u "s ( ! picturesqu5ess ( old villages4 ,9 ! same way x w\ld add "* & dignity to our t[ns1 ev5 to r[s ( cottages4 ,:at m satisfactory t[n build+s c\ld "o desire ?an "s ( ! old colleges8 ,yet ^! consi/ prim>ily ( r[s ( small t5em5ts gr\p$ r\nd quadrangles or g>d5s ) c]ta9 common rooms atta*$4 ,! hall1 ! *apel1 & ! gateh\se1 are prom95t features2 :ile ! cloi/]s1 :]e su* exi/1 af=d+ cov]$ ways f ! t5em5ts to ! common rooms1 help to give a s5se ( unity to ! :ole4 ,:y %\ld n cottages be gr\p$ into quadrangles1 hav+ all ! available l& 9 a squ>e 9 ! c5tre8 ,"s ( ! space s (t5 wa/$ 9 a useless front p>l\r 9 ea* cottage1 c\ld be us$ to =m in/ead a ,common ,room1 9 :i* a fire might always be burn+ 9 an ev5+1 :]e com=t = social int]c\rse1 = read+1 or writ+1 c\ld always be f\nd4 ,su* a room c\ld be us$ also = music g5]al recreation1 & might add mu* col\r to ! lives ( all ^? :o frequ5t$ x4 ,to ?is ,common ,room c\ld be add$ a laundry & dry+-room fitt$ ) a few mod]n appliances :i* w\ld n only r$uce by half ! lab\r & "t occupi$ 9 ! weekly wa%1 b w\ld take ! bulky copp] & mangle out ( ea* cottage1 & relieve !m all ( ! unpleasantness ( ! /eam & ! encumbrance ( ! dry+ clo!s4 ,9 connection ) ?is a ba?-room c\ld be arrang$ = gr\ps ( ! smalle/ cottages1 :ile ! gr[? ( co-op]ation w\ld soon br+ ! common bakeh\se & kit*54 ,f ?is to ! prep>ation ( meals & ! s]v+ ( !m 9 ! ,common ,room w\ld be only a matt] ( "t2 = ! advantage ( x is obvi\s4 ,in/ead ( ?irty or =ty h\sewives prep>+ ?irty or =ty little scrap d9n]s1 heat+ a l numb] ( ov5s1 boil+ ?rice ! numb] ( pans clean+ !m all up aga91 two or ?ree ( !m reta9$ z cooks by ! little settlem5t w\ld d ! :ole1 & c\ld give bett] & *eap] meals into ! b>ga94 ,x is n only to ^? :o live 9 cottages t co-op]ation (f]s advantages4 ,f ano!r class we he> mu* ( ! great s]vant difficulty4 ,hotels1 bo>d+ h\ses1 & hydropa?ics1 are spr++ up 9 e direction to accommodate ^? :o are seek+ to escape f ! worry ( s]vants1 ! tr\ble & exp5se ( j]ry-built h\ses1 & ! endless small anxieties t g to ! runn+ ( a sep>ate e/abli%m5t4 ,b hotels & bo>d+ h\ses d n really meet ! wants ( ?is class4 ,:at !y ne$ is "s arrangem5t by :i* !y c\ld reta9 ! privacy & individuality ( a sep>ate h\se1 :ile ga9+ ! advantage1 :i* !y h 9 a bo>d+ h\se1 ( prop]ly organiz$ s]vice & skill$ cook+4 ,^! ne$s w\ld be admirably met by gr\ps ( h\ses arrang$ to give ready access to a communal e/abli%m5t1 :]e meals w\ld be suppli$1 laid ei!r 9 ! common d9+ room or 9 ! private h\se z desir$2 :]e ! occasional use ( commodi\s rooms c\ld be obta9$ = ent]ta9+ purposes2 & f :5ce prop]ly tra9$ effective helps c\ld be s5t out daily1 = z long or z %ort a "t z might be requir$1 to d all ! dome/ic "w ( ! sep>ate h\ses1 or su* "p ( x z ! occupants might pref] n to d !mselves4 ,su* an e/abli%m5t c\ld readily be built & work$ on co-op]ative l9es1 giv+ _m ( ! advantages ( hotel life )\t entail+ its disadvantages or its co/l9ess4 ,! plann+ ( ! ,common ,rooms w\ld require mu* ?\ght & c>e4 ,on ?is w\ld dep5d greatly ! success ( ! co-op]ative ef=t4 ,! usual small meet+-room1 high1 f\r-squ>e1 hav+ a great deal ( tawdry decoration1 b lack+ any?+ :atev] to give a s5se ( com=t or to add a bit ( int]e/1 w\ld be fatal4 ,high ! rooms %\ld be1 9 p>ts1 suffici5t to give air space & promote easy v5tilation4 ,b !re %\ld be deep recesses or +les ) l[ ceil+s1 places :i* by ! contra/ ( _! special cos9ess %\ld attract p to sit !re4 ,if !re c\ld be a little gall]y = ! musicians1 a deep balcony ov]look+ ! /reet or ! g>d5s = ! smok]s1 ^! w\ld prove great attractions = :i* ev]yone w\ld gladly disp5se ) ! adornm5ts usually ?\ght necess>y = public rooms3 ?\gh adornm5ts ( a m int]e/+ "* !re well might be1 & und\bt$ly w\ld be1 :5 p came to appreciate _! ,common ,rooms4 ,z su* co-op]ative quadrangles multipli$1 ! necess>y v>iety to suit diff]5t habits ( life w\ld arise2 = ev5 ^? compos$ ( h\ses ( simil> size w\ld become diff]5tiat$1 some:at z diff]5t colleges 9 a univ]sity acquire a "* = h>d read+1 = a?letics1 or = sport1 & ea* c\ld *oose accord+ to 8 ta/es4 ,! ess5tial ?+ f ! /hetic po9t ( view is t !re %all be en\gh co-op]ation to secure "s gr\p+ ( build+s1 "s c5tralis+ influ5ce on !m4 ,h[ diff]5t our /reets w\ld look if in/ead ( ! r[s ^u r[s ( dre>y un9t]e/+ cottages & h>dly less dre>y t]races ( l>g] h\ses1 we c\ld h blocks su* z sugge/$4 ,"s might be adorn$ ) a colonnade fac+ ! /reet1 & lead+ to ! common rooms at ! corn]2 "s might h a comely ar*$ gateway into ! c\rt z a special feature1 ?r\gh :i*1 z "o pass$1 a peep at ! quadrangle1 t5nis gr\nd1 or g>d51 w\ld be obta9$4 ,!re ne$ be no?+ elaborate ab\t su* build+s4 ,q simple cottages or h\ses1 ) "s v>iety ( size to suit l>ge & small families1 a little ta/e 9 proportion+ doors1 w9d[s1 & o!r details1 a little imag9ation 9 weld+ !m into a complete :ole--^! w\ld suffice to *ange our dre>y /reets into some?+1 ! beauty & int]e/ ( :i* w\ld be a con/ant s\rce ( pleasure4 ,ar*itecture has always reflect$ ! condition ( ! society 9 :i* x fl\ri%$1 be+ great 9 times ( organisation1 & det]iorat+ 9 times ( dis9tegration4 ,rec5tly x has v cle>ly repres5t$ ! inord9ate desire = individual indep5d5ce4 ,"o sees t]races ( h\ses1 ea* pa9t$ a diff]5t col\r to try & emphasize _! indep5d5ce4 ,or "o may f9d ! gable end ( a por* :i* is common to two villas1 pa9t$ half a bright gre5 to mat* "o h\se1 half a *ocolate r$ to accord ) ! o!r4 ,^! may be extreme in/ances1 b !y are v typical ( ! l5g? to :i* indep5d5ce has be5 c>ri$4 ,society is1 h[ev]1 n[ realis+ v fa/ t ?is indep5d5ce is no end 9 itself1 & is only good 9 t x sets free ! individuals to =m new relation%ips bas$ on mutual association4 ,?is is already hav+ its effect on ar*itecture1 9 t x is n[ n uncommon = ! individual to make "s ef=t to h 8 build+s made beautiful = ! public to look at1 z well z conv5i5t = himself3 ! int]e/ ( ! community 9 ! matt] is s f> ackn[l$g$4 ,v soon x w seem equally obvi\s t ! relations ( ! sep>ate build+s to ea* o!r %\ld be consid]$1 & conc]t$ ef=t be direct$ to ! creation ( /reets ) at lea/ "s unity & dignity ( effect1 & settlem5ts t1 if !y may n h all ! *>m ( ! old ,engli% village1 %all at any rate look at home 9 _! c\ntry surr\nd+s4 ,,raymond ,,unw94 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,design+ ,,small ,,h\ses ,,& ,,cottages4 ,by ,b>ry ,p>k] & ,raymond ,unw94 ,a pap] read by ,mr4 ,unw9 be=e an audi5ce ( ,ar*itects 9 ,janu>y1 #aija4 ,9 ! dome/ic bran* ( ar*itecture1 ea* commission pres5ts to u a fre% problem1 full ( human int]e/1 ! "r solution ( :i* dem&s t we %all consid] x f _m po9ts ( view4 ,we mu/ look ^u ! task prim>ily z ! provid+ ( a suitable sett+ = ! life ( our cli5t & 8 family4 ,9 ?is connection1 n only 8 actual wants b 8 ideals ( life h to be tak5 ?\ght (2 nor mu/ we ov]look our possible influ5ce ^u him ?r\gh 8 h\se4 ,aga91 ea* h\se appeals to u z a new creation ( our art4 ,we are 9 mu* ! same position z ! portrait pa9t]3 ! lik5ess1 truly1 is t ( ! sitt]1 b ! int]pretation ( x1 ! sett+1 & ! col\r--9 %ort1 ! art ( ! picture--belong to ! pa9t]4 ,s1 too1 ! h\se z a habitation belongs to & mu/ satisfy ! cli5t1 :ile z a "w ( art x belongs to & mu/ satisfy its design]4 ,9 ?is matt] we /& z gu>dians1 alike ( our reputation & ( ! g5]al int]e/ ( ! public z behold]s ( ! build+4 ,! "r ( ! public to be consid]$ is mu* cle>] ?an _m seem to realize4 ,no "o :o might add to ! joy ( life by build+ some?+ comely %\ld add to its gloom by build+ :at is ill-look+4 ,i d n anticipate t ^! consid]ations1 or ^? to :i* we %all pres5tly come1 are new to y4 ,b x is probable t !y w\ld appeal to ea* "o 9 a diff]5t ord] ( relative importance1 s t 9 no two ( u w\ld our attitude t[>ds ! problem be exactly alike4 ,9 no h\se c e advantage be obta9$2 ea* mu/ be some:at ( a compromise2 9 ea* !re mu/ be a sacrific+ ( :at we deem less important to secure :at we e/eem ( great] value4 ,x foll[s t ! v>iety ( our attitude mu/ produce individuality 9 ! result4 ,:51 !re=e1 y did me ! hon\r to sugge/ t ,i %\ld br+ ?is subject be=e y1 ,i felt t ! be/ response ,i c\ld make w\ld be to try to give y1 z f "o fell[-workman to ano!r1 "s acc\nt ( ! way 9 :i* we approa* our dome/ic "w1 hop+1 t 9 comp>+ ?is1 & ! results :i* we %all %[1 ) o!r me?ods & results1 y might f9d "s little int]e/4 ,suppose !n t we h receiv$ a commission = a dwell+ h\se2 t we h made ourselves suffici5tly acqua9t$ ) our new cli5t's wi%es1 8 mode ( life1 & habits1 by gett+ him to write to u v fully ( ev]y?+ he w\ld l to be specially consid]$1 discuss+ po9ts ) him1 or visit+ 8 home1 z circum/ances may sugge/2 & fur!r1 t we h made full notes ( all ! in/ructions & in=mation ?us ga!r$ = our own use2 ! fir/ ?+ is to visit ! site & devote "s "t to ?9k+ out ! problem on ! spot4 ,! site is ! mo/ important factor to be consid]$1 = x usually sugge/s bo? ! int]nal arrangem5t & ! ext]nal treatm5t4 ,if ! site is a l>ge "o ! position ( ! h\se ^u x mu/ fir/ be det]m9$4 ,9 pa/ times ! h\se 0 reg>d$ ma9ly z a %elt]1 & ?is greatly influ5c$ ! *oice ( its position4 ,b we d n to-day s mu* build %elt]s = p :o live out ( doors1 z dwell+s :5ce !y may occasionally g =?4 ,a prim>y consid]ation !n mu/ be1 to s place ! h\se z to af=d its occupants ! greate/ possible enjoym5t ( su* beauty ( adjac5t c\ntry or gr&eur ( di/ant view z ! site c comm&4 ,:ile do+ ?is1 h[ev]1 we mu/ place & design ! h\se 9 su* a way t x %all n /& out z a di/urb+ excresc5ce1 b %all look at home 9 its site1 9 h>mony ) its surr\nd+s4 ,?is consid]ation ( ! h\se z a detail 9 a l>g] picture w br+ u to a det]m9ation ( its g5]al =m1 its treatm5t & its col\r+4 ,"s positions dem& a l(ty build+1 :ile o!rs seem to sugge/ t x be kept z l[ z possible4 ,& 9 ! c\ntry1 c]ta9ly1 ! l[ h\se is m successful1 m 9 h>mony ) ! sc5]y2 p]haps because x is sugge/ive m ( man's dep5d5ce ^u ,nature1 less ( 8 defiance ( h] p[]s4 ,9 ! *oice ( mat]ials & col\r+1 h>mony r ?an /rong contra/ %\ld be s\ght4 ,!re is only "o sure way ( obta9+ ?is at all g5]ally1 :i* is1 ( c\rse1 to keep to local mat]ials & local ways ( us+ !m4 ,at any rate ,i ?9k we may lay x d[n t /rong reasons ( use or economy are ne$$ to ju/ify a dep>ture f ^!4 ,:]e a dep>ture is made1 let ! contra/ ) :at is usual 9 ! di/rict be z slight z may be4 ,we d n en\gh consid] :5 we introduce = ! fir/ "t into "s valley a bright r$ ro(1 h[ x w haunt ! eye f e po9t ( view1 & may g f> t[>ds m>r+ ! beauty ( ! :ole sc5e by de/roy+ its re/fulness4 ,we %\ld let ! surr\nd+s :i* are to con/itute ! picture sugge/ ! col\r+ z well z ! =m ( ! new object we are ab\t to introduce4 ,"s def9ite s*eme suitable to ! position %\ld be adopt$1 & col\rs ( pa9t & any enri*m5ts made to contribute to x4 ,greatly z mu/ ! site influ5ce ! ext]nal treatm5t ( ! h\se1 its int]nal arrangem5t w be ev5 m def9itely dictat$ by x4 ,! position ( ea* room 9 relation to ! po9ts ( ! compass ! outlook %\ld be det]m9$ on ! spot4 ,x is n[ pretty g5]ally realis$ t no sacrifice is too great :i* is necess>y to enable u to br+ pl5ty ( sun%9e into all ! ma9 liv+ rooms4 ,9 ! ,s\? ( ,engl& p]haps "s mod]ation mu/ be obs]v$ 9 apply+ ?is rule1 !re be+ no inconsid]able numb] ( days on :i* a too sunny room may become unbe>ably hot2 &1 :]e ! size ( ! h\se w all[ ( x1 to h an ea/ & we/ room is (t5 a great boon4 ,b ov] ! great] "p ( our c\ntry1 c]ta9ly 9 ! ,midl&s & ! ,nor?1 ! importance ( arrang+ = ! few days :5 ! sun is oppressive is small inde$ comp>$ ) t ( plann+ to suit ! _m days :5 e h\r ( sun%9e is ( ! utmo/ value4 ,! g5]al rule1 !n1 w\ld seem to be1 s to contrive z to get ! sun%9e into a room at ! "t :5 x is mo/ likely to be occupi$4 ,let a /udy or breakfa/-room be ea/ or s\?-ea/1 a g5]al liv+-room or draw+-room s\? & s\?-we/4 ,a good we/]n w9d[ 9 ! room we mo/ occupy dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! day1 gives u _m an extra h\r ( daylight2 :ile ! opportunity x af=ds u ( habitually see+ ! bright col\r ( sunset is a privilege :i* is wor? "s ef=t to obta94 ,a kit*5 is be/ nor?-ea/ or ea/1 = ! fir/ com+ d[n into ! fireless h\se may well h its *e]lessness r$uc$ = ! s]vants by :at sun%9e is to be _h at an e>ly h\r2 lat] 9 ! day1 :5 ! kit*5 is hot ) cook+1 ! heat ( ! sun %\ld n be add$4 ,a ba?-room & b$rooms1 too1 are pleasant ) an ea/]n aspect1 ?\gh "s _c sleep 9 a room into :i* e>ly sun%9e c come4 ,next only 9 importance to su* consid]ations ( aspect1 & c]ta9ly important en\gh to modify !m some:at1 is ! "q ( prospect2 = a pleasant outlook is a boon only less great ?an a sunny aspect4 ,we mu/ n ignore a f9e view ev5 :5 x c only be _h to ! nor?1 & mu* less mu/ we all[ any trivial conv5tions1 l ! old commonly accept$ idea t ! front ( ! h\se %\ld be to ! road1 to betray u into sacrific+ su* solid advantages z sun%9e & a pleasant view4 ,9 fact1 to produce a good plan1 "o %\ld g to ! site )\t any preconceiv$ conv5tions1 b ) a q op5 m9d1 prep>$ to ?9k out ea* fre% problem on ! spot f ! beg9n+1 & to receive all ! sugge/ions ! site c (f]4 ,i hope y w p>don me if ,i seem to insi/ unduly on ! importance ( s elem5t>y a pr9ciple z t ( build+ to suit ea* site4 ,b "o sees ! pr9ciple s commonly disreg>d$ t x is ne$ful to emphasize x4 ,n only d we f9d h\ses p]*$ uncom=tably on ! %\ld] ( a hill1 or ?ru/ into prom95ce "o way or ano!r reg>dless ( _! effect on _! surr\nd+s2 b1 9 arrangem5t1 ! disreg>d ( ! site is c>ri$ s f> t semi-deta*$ h\ses are ev5 built ) _! plans j rev]s$1 s t a plan design$ = ! nor? end is made to s]ve = ! s\?1 or "o arrang$ to suit ! ea/ side all[$ to pass = ! we/4 ,be=e leav+ ! site "o %\ld be able to c>ry away n only detail$ notes ( dra9age1 wat] supply1 levels1 f9e trees1 views & aspects1 b also a g5]al idea z to ! be/ arrangem5t ( ! rooms ( ! new h\se1 an ideal plan to be aim$ at1 & a sort ( m5tal sket* 9 block ( ! g5]al =m ! new creation %\ld take ext]nally4 ,x w\ld be only t$i\s to y if ,i 7 to g ?r\gh all ! items ( a h\se1 try+ to deal ) !m 9 a g5]al way4 ,i w !re=e n[ take "o or two def9ite examples1 & expla9 h[ & :y we work$ !m out z we did1 tru/+ t ! int]e/ :i* atta*es to any actual problem solv$ may come to my aid & r$eem ! details f t$i\sness4 ,we h *os5 = ! fir/ example a c\ntry h\se design$ = a site 9 ,nor? ,/af=d%ire1 p>tly because ?is site is n "o to v obvi\sly sugge/ or v imp]atively dem& a special treatm5t4 ,! plot ( l& consi/s ( a small field1 long1 & r n>r[2 x is mu* ! %ape ( a suburban build+ plot1 ?\gh situat$ "r 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! ma9 road runs along ! nor?-ea/ end1 & ! gr\nd rises on ! f> side ( ?is road1 cutt+ (f all view 9 t direction4 ,! gr\nd falls f ! road t[>ds ! s\?-we/3 ! slope be+ v slight at ! top1 sugge/s a level t]race on :i* to place ! h\se4 ,! l& cont9ues to fall away to a /ream2 across ?is !re is a v pleasant view1 :i* becomes f9e/ to ! s\? ( ! plot4 ,sid5ote3 ,see plate #a4 ,! cli5t requir$ ! h\se to h a good com=table liv+-room = ! g5]al family life2 ano!r good room = ent]ta9+ gue/s & call]s2 a small d5 = 8 own use1 ) desk1 safe1 & sample cupbo>ds2 f\r b$rooms1 "o to be a b$-sitt+-room = an only son2 & a kit*5 ) ! usual (fices4 ,! h\se 0 to be arrang$ to give z mu* op5-air life )9 z possible4 ,z ! site is expos$ to ! prevail+ w9ds1 & ! be/ prospect is 9 ! direction :5ce !y bl[1 "s =m ( c\rt ^u :i* ! rooms might op51 sugge/s itself z a means ( obta9+ ! ne$ful %elt]4 ,! /abley>d n be+ v suitable = ! purpose1 ! h\se is gr\p$ ab\t a v small c5tral c\rt1 r\nd :i* a corridor is plann$ fitt$ ) slid+ w9d[s1 s t x c be conv]t$ at w into a sort ( small op5 air cloi/] by slid+ ! sa%es d[n bel[ ! sill4 ,?is is ro($ ov] at z l[ a level z possible1 to avoid any?+ ( ! feel+ ( a well1 :i* a c\rt1 z small z ?is ne$s mu/ be1 might soon produce4 ,! ma9 ro( also is made to slope away f ! c\rt 9 all directions1 s t a good deal ( sunlight may f9d its way 94 ,^u ?is corridor ! ma9 rooms op5 ) wide d\ble doors1 & ! c\rt be+ protect$ aga9/ w9d on all sides1 x is possible1 except :5 extremely cold1 to h ! liv+ rooms mu* m op5 to ! fre% air ?an is usual4 ,a v5tilat+ /ove prev5ts cold draughts 9 w9t]4 ,! kit*51 butl]'s pantry1 front & side entrances1 & /airs all communicate ) ! corridor1 b s z n to de/roy ! privacy ( ! liv+ rooms by oblig+ anyone to pass ! doors :5 go+ f "o to ! o!r4 ,pleas+ vi/as are obta9$ f ! rooms across ! c\rt1 & f ! corridor into ! rooms1 su* z x is n (t5 possible to contrive 9 s small a h\se4 ,?is *>m ( vi/a %\ld always be ?\ght ( :5 plann+4 ,! liv+-room1 z ! mo/ g5]ally occupi$1 & !re=e mo/ important room1 is plac$ at ! s\? corn]1 hav+ ! d\ble outlook to s\?-ea/ s\?-we/1 & gett+ all available sunlight & ! be/ ( ! prospect4 ,x is n en\gh to give a room w9d[s 9 ! "r direction1 h[ev]2 ! room mu/ be s arrang$ t x %all1 s to speak1 turn its face "r2 & ! w9d[s be s plac$ t "o w\ld naturally look out ( !m f ! mo/ usually occupi$ p>ts ( ! room4 ,= ?is reason an angle w9d[ comm&+ ! pick ( ! view is ?r[n out on ! s\?-ea/ side4 ,?is br+s ! sun well into ! room1 & at ! same "t provides a good well-light$ position = ! piano1 f :5ce anyone c easily face to ! :ole room :ile s++4 ,= ! same reason ! fire is put on ! nor?-ea/ wall2 &1 t a ?or\gh s5se ( cos9ess may always be obta9able1 x is plac$ 9 a deep recess or +le4 ,n[ an +le af=ds a v good in/ance ( h[ easy x is to misuse ! old examples :i* we /udy1 & t 9 two mann]s4 ,= :ile "s neglect altoge!r ! sugge/ions :i* !y (f]1 o!rs copy ! old =ms )\t tr\bl+ to und]/& !m4 ,to make use ( old features legitimately1 ( c\rse1 "o mu/ fir/ und]/& ! reasons :i* call$ !m into be+1 ! difficulties :i* !y 7 design$ to meet3 & :5 simil> reasons or difficulties pres5t !mselves to u we may !n avail ourselves ( ! solution :i* !y indicate1 n copy+ slavi%ly ! details1 b tak+ ! pr9ciple & work+ x out to suit our own p>ticul> circum/ances4 ,! +le _h two ma9 uses3 ! fir/ 0 to protect a wide op5 fire f ! cross draughts aris+ f badly fitt+ or op5 doors1 %utt]s & w9d[s2 ! second 0 to af=d %elt]$ seats ne> ! fire1 :]e ! ag$ & feeble c\ld re/ & anyone c\ld keep w>m 9 cold or r\gh wea!r4 ,incid5tally1 no d\bt1 our =efa!rs appreciat$ ! value ( contra/1 ! *>m ( ! ruddy fire-lit space gl[+ r$ 9 ! grey ill-light$ build+1 & ! cos9ess ( ! %elt]$ l[ recess 9 ! wide & l(ty hall4 ,to obta9 ?is *>m1 z is (t5 done1 by =m+ an +le s small t "o _c sit 9 x com=tably1 is m]ely to remove ! fire fur!r f ! room2 :ile on ! o!r h&1 to arrange a l>ge +le1 z is also sometimes done1 ) a mod]n til$ regi/] /ove set 9 a *imney brea/1 is to lose ! feel+ ( sitt+ on ! he>?1 & ! *>m t spr+s f ! fire be+ able to ca/ its gl[ all ov] ! recess & be se5 f e "p :]e "o c sit4 ,! +le adapt$ to mod]n use1 & ju/ify+ ! space x occupies 9 rooms ( mod]ate size1 mu/ be l>ge en\gh to be com=table = "o to sit 9 regul>ly1 a place :]e "o c live1 n m]ely sit to be roa/$4 ,! fire mu/ be s design$ z to h some?+ ( ! feel+ ( ! old fire on ! he>?1 & mu/ n be cut (f f ! recess or 9 any way all[$ to gr[ into a fireplace )9 a fireplace4 ,x is g5]ally well to make ! :ole recess into ! he>?1 & we (t5 arrange = ! fire to burn 9 a suitably %ap$ fire-brick holl[1 :i* answ]s all purposes excell5tly4 ,! +le mu/ be protect$ f cross draughts1 o!rwise ! fire _c be suffici5tly expos$4 ,f5d]s are be/ avoid$1 & any?+ l a loose coal-box is a disadvantage4 ,a coal-box c (t5 be contriv$ 9 ! ?ickness ( ! wall4 ,:5 prop]ly arrang$1 & fitt$ ) com=table l[ seats1 ! +le always proves to be a fav\rite "p ( ! room2 ! place :]e p naturally g to sit & re/4 ,b ,i am digress+ f ! plan1 & mu/ return to ! liv+-room :i* we are design+4 ,!re ! +le is ( some:at special con/ruction1 hav+ sev]al small w9d[s to af=d peeps out t[>ds ! c\rt & ! view1 & to give light conv5i5tly plac$ = read+2 & also hav+ cupbo>ds = ! display ( ori5tal pott]y4 ,! seats are made long en\gh to recl9e on4 ,sid5ote3 ,see also plates #be & #ej4 ,a l>ge sunny bay fac+ ! fire is arrang$ to be us$ z a d9+ recess1 except 9 v cold wea!r4 ,su* a recess relieves a liv+ room f be+ uncom=tably block$ up ) a meal-table4 ,! bay also gives u a we/ w9d[ ?r\gh :i* ! ev5+ light w come4 ,9 all rooms !re is a "p by ! door :]e no "o will+ly sits1 because ( a c]ta9 lack ( com=t2 x is well to keep su* "p ( ! room z small z possible4 ,v (t5 a room may be actually improv$ by be+ r$uc$ 9 wid? j :]e ! door op5s1 :ile ! space cut (f may be put to valuable use4 ,9 ?is case ! %elt]$ s\?-we/ balcony1 :i* is obta9$ by n>r[+ ! two rooms opposite ! doors1 adds greatly to ! am\nt ( op5 air life x is possible to enjoy1 & makes x easy to h ! pleasure ( frequ5tly tak+ meals 9 ! op53 ! little w9d[ by ! sidebo>d is conv5i5t to h& ?+s ?r\gh = ?is purpose4 ,a recess$ balcony is1 9 our climate1 mu* m useful ?an any project+ v]&ah4 ,x is possible1 ow+ to ! extra %elt]1 to sit 9 su* a balcony two or ?ree times z (t5 z 9 ! v]&ah ) op5 ends4 ,sid5ote3 ,see plate #cb4 ,9 ?is room1 a sidebo>d1 a l>ge cab9et & ! o!r important furniture1 =m "p ( ! s*eme3 !y are ?\ght out & design$ ) ! build+4 ,9 ! treatm5t ( ! room advantage is tak5 ( ! beams & l9tels requir$ = ! recesses1 & :]e ^! are lack+ a deep picture rail c>ry+ l9e ) !m is adopt$1 "u :i* ! sidebo>d1 cab9et1 & mo/ ( ! w9d[s are arrang$ to f9i%1 leav+ an unbrok5 frieze above1 & giv+ a s5se ( ord] & unity to ! :ole4 ,?is frieze is decorat$ ) a pa9t$ sugge/ion ( l&scape2 b 9 simpl] treatm5t1 if :itewa%$1 or col\r$ ) ! ceil+1 x w\ld be light satisfactory4 ,! l[] portion ( ! walls1 "u ! decorat$ frieze1 is f9i%$ 9 pla/] t9t$ to ! requir$ %ade by mix+ col\r+ matt] ) ! skimm+ coat2 ?is =ms a good1 pla91 solid-look+ backgr\nd = ei!r pictures1 furniture1 or ! p :o inhabit ! room4 ,:]e economy is any consid]ation we may keep rooms z l[ z possible1 giv+ additional space outw>ds1 :i* is z valuable z space upw>ds = use z an air res]voir1 & = all o!r purposes s mu* m valuable4 ,?is h\se is n9e feet f floor to floor4 ,sid5ote3 ,see plate #cc4 ,! hall1 or ent]ta9+ room1 be+ int5d$ = less con/ant z well z m =mal use1 takes a some:at simpl] %ape4 ,plac$ at ! we/ corn] ) w9d[s s\?-we/ & nor?-we/ x gets all ! sun%9e dur+ ! aft]noon & ev5+1 :5 mo/ occupi$4 ,x is imm$iately accessible f ! entrance1 & op5s ^u ! balcony & g>d5 ?r\gh a d\ble w9d[4 ,! fire is plac$ 9 an +le contriv$ "u ! /airs & half l&+1 an ar* be+ us$ 9 ?is case to c>ry ! *imney /ack & =m ! recess4 ,! flue f ! fire is br\ght ov] on to ! ar* by means ( a copp] hood4 ,a little bay1 p>tly 9 ! por*1 lights ?is +le4 ,! mess5g]'s seat 9 ! por*1 a cupbo>d1 & a coal box complete ! utilization ( ! space "u ! /airs1 :i* is ?us n only made to add to ! conv5i5ce1 b also to contribute some?+ to ! int]e/ ( bo? ! room & ! por*4 ,adjac5t to ! entrance is ! small sanctum4 ,"h1 aga91 some?+ is tak5 (f ! squ>e room1 :i*1 :ile improv+ x r ?an o!rwise by giv+ a recess = desk & pigeon holes1 enables u to h a small ve/ibule ) cupbo>d = visitors' hats & cloaks4 ,a com=table corn] betwe5 fire & w9d[ is left cle> = easy *air & read+ /&4 ,beh9d ! liv+-room1 ) its fireplace at ! back ( ! liv+-room fireplace1 is plac$ ! kit*54 ,x occupies ! ea/ corn] ( ! h\se1 & has its ma9 w9d[ to ! nor?-ea/1 ! "r aspect = a kit*54 ,!re is a small w9d[ to ! s\?-ea/1 to light ! range & make a com=table place = sew+ or read+4 ,"o corn] betwe5 fire & w9d[ %\ld always be kept free f doors 9 a kit*51 s t !re may be a place to sit 92 & a /ill m com=table kit*5 results1 :5 x is possible to collect all ! doors on "o side4 ,! l>d] has its w9d[ 9 ! back por*1 to get a nor? aspect2 :ile ?or\gh v5tilation is secur$ by an op5+ on ! s\?-ea/ "u ! eaves :]e ! sun _c rea* x4 ,! cell> 0 add$ aft] ! prelim9>y plans 7 made1 ! scull]y be+ re-arrang$ to all[ ( x4 ,?is latt] is %ap$ to ob/ruct z little z possible ! squ9t w9d[ 9 ! liv+-room +le1 & at ! same "t faces s\?1 :i*1 z !re is no fireplace1 is a good aspect = x4 ,! /aircase rises f ! corridor1 & z x is accessible f all p>ts )\t pass+ ! doors ( ! reception rooms1 a back /aircase is n ne$$4 ,:]e economy is a consid]ation ! back /aircase is "o ( ! fir/ ?+s :i* may be disp5s$ )1 = x adds s little real com=t 9 proportion to its co/4 ,sid5ote3 ,see plate #b4 ,! b$room plan foll[s pretty closely ! gr\nd plan1 ! b$rooms also lead+ (f a corridor r\nd ! inn] c\rt4 ,all f\r b$rooms are arrang$ s t 9 addition to be+ conv5i5t z b$rooms1 !y h at lea/ a corn] ne> ! fire com=table to sit 94 ,9 small h\ses to reg>d a b$room z a sleep+ room only is a mi/ake4 ,! accommodation is greatly increas$ :5 ea* memb] ( ! h\sehold c use 8 or h] b$room z a private d5 also4 ,! balcony is repeat$ on ! fir/ floor--! b$rooms be+ z s]viceable )\t ! space x occupies--& by reason ( ! p>apet & ov]hang+ eaves1 x is ev5 m %elt]$ ?an t on ! gr\nd floor2 & x is ?us possible 9 two b$rooms to sleep practically 9 ! op5 air 9 almo/ all wea!rs4 ,x has special value1 too1 z an addition to ! we/ room1 :i* is design$ = ! boy's b$room & /udy4 ,"h ! b$ fits 9 a deep recess out ( ! way2 a wa%/& is contriv$ 9 ! sill ( ! w9d[ ( ! same recess1 :i* is slightly bay$ to give ! ne$ful room2 & a curta9 may be drawn across1 cutt+ (f all ! special b$room appliances2 s leav+ a good com=table /udy4 ,a w9d[ is put to br+ ! s\?-ea/ sun into b$room ,no4 #c1 ! wide sill ( :i* 9 ! r n>r[ room may be us$ = a dress+ table4 ,9 b$room ,no4 #d an ov]-hang+ w9d[ recess is c>ri$ out on ! joi/s1 to avoid ! want ( com=t :i* "o always feels on ! w9d[ side ( a room :5 ! door op5s "r 9 ! corn]1 z "h4 ,?is room has also a little w9d[ t[>ds ! c\rt to br+ 9 morn+ sun2 & ?us all ! b$rooms get ?r\gh v5tilation & pl5ty ( sun%9e4 ,( ! treatm5t ( ! rooms little ne$ be said4 ,! recesses by ! *imney brea/s are fitt$ ) cupbo>ds & book%elves1 :i* are design$ to include simple fram+s or mantels = ! fireplaces1 & ! cornices ( :i* are arrang$ to mat* ! cornice ov] doors & w9d[s & to c>ry l9e ) a picture rail runn+ r\nd ! room4 ,wall pap]s or o!r decorations /op at ?is rail1 all above be+ tak5 9 ) ! ceil+4 ,?is arrangem5t enables ! ceil+ to be brok5 up by ! slopes ( ! l[ ro(s )\t giv+ ! ugly odds & ends ( pap]$ wall1 :i* really are ! only unpleas+ feature ab\t a ceil+ brok5 up 9 t way4 ,dur+ ! :ole ( ! plann+ ! elevations are ( c\rse kept 9 view1 & ! block design c>ri$ away 9 ! m9d f ! site con/antly ex]ts a modify+ influ5ce4 ,! difficulty usually is to ma9ta9 suffici5t simplicity2 s _m features are sugge/$ by little conv5i5ces ( plann+ t "o has cont9ually to cut !m out1 nev] to seek = !m m]ely = ! sake ( effect4 ,?is plan :i* we h j consid]$1 repres5t+1 p]haps1 r a l>ge h\se to be class$ z 8small10 does n q illu/rate "o po9t to :i* we atta* v great importance 9 ! design+ ( small h\ses4 ,! second plan %[n gives me an opportunity ( ref]r+ to ?is4 ,"h a special ef=t 0 made to obta9 "o room giv+ "s s5se ( space 9 a h\se n l>ge en\gh to conta9 sev]al l>ge rooms4 ,9 all small h\ses mu* mu/ be sacrific$1 b x seems to u to be inf9itely less ( a sacrifice to r$uce ! numb] ( rooms1 ?an to r$uce ! size ( !m all4 ,9 e small h\se x %\ld be a fir/ consid]ation to secure "o room l>ge en\gh to all[ ( "s int]e/ be+ work$ into ! room itself1 & to af=d "s com=t & dignity ( life to its occupants4 ,sid5ote3 ,see plates #c1 #fd1 & #fe4 ,9 ! plan n[ be=e u ! hall 0 made into ! *ief liv+ room2 x is c>ri$ up two /ories to provide = an organ gall]y4 ,! gall]y lead+ to ! balcony1 ! l&+1 & ! /aircase1 are all ?r[n into ?is hall2 ! /airs are s arrang$ z to af=d a scre5 to ! fire1 & =m a sort ( deep +le ) l[ ceil+ "u ! l&+4 ,! l[ ceil+ cont9ues "u ! organ gall]y & ! balcony1 ! c5tral "p ( ! hall be+ op5 to ! full height4 ,! s5se ( cos9ess 9 ?is +le is greatly enhanc$ by contra/ ) ! l(ty op5 space outside2 :ile ! v>iety 9 light+1 :e!r :5 ! morn+ sun /reams 9 at ! great ea/ w9d[1 or :5 ! +le gl[s r$ 9 ! ga!r+ dusk1 adds a p]petual *>m4 ,9 ! gall]y is a second fire1 ) a l\nge seat by ! organ1 "u a k9d ( canopy =m$ by ! half-l&+ ( ! second floor /airs4 ,sid5ote3 ,see plate #d4 ,to obta9 ?is spaci\s hall ! rema9d] ( ! h\se has be5 r$uc$ z mu* z possible4 ,only "o o!r small room1 = d5 or meal-room1 is provid$1 ) kit*5s1 (fices1 & f\r b$rooms1 two ( :i* are on ! second floor4 ,le/ y %\ld be incl9$ to ?9k t only = p liv+ a v exceptional life w\ld x be advantage\s to ?r[ s mu* space into "o room1 ,i w next ref] to a design drawn = a ,london lit]>y man1 :o1 ?\gh n able to af=d a l>ge h\se1 /ill by reason ( 8 position requir$ occasionally to be able to ent]ta9 a good _m p4 ,"h ! fir/ consid]ation has be5 to obta9 a hall :i* w\ld be at once a com=table liv+-room & a dignifi$ ent]ta9+ room4 ,! meal-room has be5 kept z small z w\ld j all[ ( a little d9n]-p>ty be+ giv5 9 x4 ,! fire is plac$ 9 "o corn]1 ! sidebo>d 9 ano!r2 _h x be5 possible to put ! door also 9 a corn] x w\ld h be5 /ill m conv5i5t1 = 9 a small d9+-room x is 9 ! corn]s t !re is a little space to sp>e4 ,! n>r[ ,hamp/ead build+ plot1 hav+ a s\?-we/ aspect1 & ! be/ prospect to ! s\?1 dictat$ ! g5]al arrangem5t ( ! h\se & ! plac+ ( ! be/ room at ! s\? corn]4 ,?is room is spann$ by two ar*es to c>ry ! wall ( ! /udy ov]2 )9 "o ( !m is plac$ ! fire recess ) seats & fitm5t1 ?us us+ up all ! space "u ! /airs to add to ! size & "* ( ! room2 :ile ! /airs !mselves1 :i* are %ut (f f ! ve/ibule by a door1 are also op5 to ! room1 ! qu>t]-l&+ =m+ a small gall]y ov]look+ x4 ,! /aircase is su* an ess5tially int]e/+ & decorative feature 9 a h\se1 & ! space "u & ar\nd x may be made to add s mu* to a room bo? 9 size & individuality1 t x always seems a pity to %ut x (f 9 a m]e passage4 ,9 old h\ses ! *>m ( "s dep>ture f ! pla9 room is well recognis$1 = ! fav\rite view1 alike = ! arti/ & ! photograph]1 is always t :i* conta9s "s peep ( /airs f ! hall1 "s gall]y1 balcony1 +le1 or deep w9d[ recess4 ,:5 ! mo/ is made ( su* advantages z c be claim$ = ! b>e squ>e room1 !y seem b a poor comp5sation = ! loss ( "* & *>m4 ,ov] ! hall 9 ?is h\se are plac$ ! cli5t's /udy & b$room1 ! two be+ comb9$ t bo? may h ! b5efit ( ! :ole air space3 book cases & curta9s scre5 (f ! b$room portion4 ,d\ble doors & d\ble w9d[s are fitt$ to ?is room1 = p]fect quiet bo? by day & by night is ess5tial2 & fur!r to secure ?is1 v5tilation is obta9$ indep5d5tly ( ! w9d[s by means ( two fireplaces & an air %aft built 9 "o ( ! /acks4 ,! cli5t's wife1 son & daught] all propos$ to make consid]able use ( _! b$rooms 9 ! day "t4 ,b ,i mu/ pass on n[ to cottages1 ! second "p ( our subject4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 a small h\se & a cottage1 nev] a v cle> "o1 has be5 fur!r obscur$ by a common affectation ( simplicity4 ,! ^w c]ta9ly sugge/s a simple %elt] = a simple =m ( life1 & = our purposes ,i propose to reg>d z a cottage any h\se 9 :i* sep>ate accommodation is n provid$ = s]vants4 ,provision = dome/ic help !re may be1 b x mu/ be 8z "o ( ! family10 n con/itut+ a sep>ate class to be sep>ately provid$ =4 ,to cottages1 :at has be5 said ab\t ! advantage ( secur+ a good liv+-room1 ev5 at great sacrifice ( o!r conv5i5ces1 applies ) additional =ce4 ,= n only is ! total space at our comm& usually less1 b ! numb] ( functions :i* ! liv+-room has to provide = is great]1 _m ( ! functions ( a kit*5 be+ add$ to x4 ,to comb9e ! com=t ( a liv+-room ) ! conv5i5ce = "w ( a kit*5 w tax our skill 9 plann+1 & z ! space we c give becomes less1 our c>e 9 ! disposal ( x mu/ become great]4 ,sid5ote3 ,see plates #e #cg4 ,let u aga9 proce$ by way ( example1 tak+ a l>gi% cottage design$ = a cli5t :o wi%$ to live a quiet simple life1 yet on a scale t w\ld all[ ( 8 enjoy+ ! m necess>y com=ts & ref9em5ts4 ,! site is ne> a small ,d]by%ire t[n1 & consi/s ( a m\nd caus$ by ! out-crop ( "s %ale grit4 ,on ! nor? runs a /ream1 to :i* ! gr\nd falls precipit\sly2 ! road is to ! we/1 & !re is a /eep fall "h also2 to ! ea/ ! fall is slight1 :ile to ! s\? ! gr\nd rises g5tly4 ,!re are f9e views 9 all directions1 mo/ int]e/+ to ! nor?1 lea/ s to ! s\?4 ,! cli5t1 h[ev]1 desir$ ! ma9 w9d[s ( ! liv+-room to be to ! we/1 hav+ a special lik+ = ! ev5+ light4 ,! site seem$ to dem& a simple oblong h\se ) pla9 span-ro( kept z l[ z possible1 =m+ a sort ( cre/ on ! /eep-sid$ m\nd4 ,! we/]n end ( ! build+ becomes ! liv+-room1 hav+ w9d[s ) ! desir$ outlook4 ,!re is a w9d[ to ! nor? to comm& ! be/ ( ! view2 ano!r on ! s\? side admits pl5ty ( sun2 & 9 addition on ?is side !re is ! out] door1 plac$ !re t x may be possible to enjoy ! *>m :i* a door op5+ direct f a room ^u a sunny g>d5 always gives4 ,su* a door mu/1 h[ev]1 be s plac$ t :ile ! peep out is obta9$ ! com=t ( ! room is n de/roy$4 ,"h we h ga!r$ ! two doors & ! /air foot toge!r 9 a n>r[ "p ( ! room out ( ! way1 leav+ all ! re/ ( ! space com=table to occupy4 ,! fire is plac$ on ! nor? wall1 9 a deep recess2 "o side ( :i* is devot$ to re/1 ! o!r to "w4 ,! =m] is occupi$ by a com=table l[ seat2 9 ! latt] is fix$ a plate-rack1 & a work+ dress] fitt$ ) a small fix$ b[l = wa%+ up glass & *9a4 ,all ! kit*5 "w done 9 ! liv+-room is ?us conf9$ to ! "o corn] h&y to ! fire = cook+1 & well light$ by ! nor? w9d[4 ,! fireplace is design$ to be us$ z a clos$ cook+ /ove or z an op5 fire to sit r\nd4 ,! floor ( ! recess is til$1 :i* enhances a little ! feel+ ( sitt+ on ! he>?1 & at ! same "t af=ds ! mo/ easily clean$ surface = ! work+ corn]4 ,! arrangem5t1 ?\gh produc+ a little ! effect ( a room )9 a room1 secures at anyrate "s ( ! cos9ess ( an +le4 ,we are enabl$ to get a %elt]$ g>d5-seat by r$uc+ ! wid? ( ! recess to a m com=table dim5sion4 ,! +le is fur!r def9$ by an ar*way1 on "o side ( :i* is fitt$ a writ+ desk1 & on ! o!r ! piano is design$ to /&1 occupy+ "p ( ! space "u ! ris+ /airs1 ! rema9+ portion be+ tak5 up ) a /ore cupbo>d op5+ into ! kit*54 ,a second re/+ place is provid$ by a wide l[ w9d[ seat 9 ! ma9 w9d[4 ,fix$ seats are arrang$ = two sides ( ! meal table1 "o hav+ a high back to scre5 x f any draught com+ ?r\gh ! out] door4 ,to ?is "o good room is add$ a kit*5 = ! m dirty "w1 fitt$ ) a small range2 a good cupbo>d = coats & hats by ! entrance2 a coal-place & l>d]4 ,up/airs are f\r b$rooms1 necess>ily r small2 "o has a b$-recess tak5 (f ! l>ge/ room to help x1 & z x is ov] ! l[ ceil+ ( ! +le1 x gets ! advantage ( extra height "u ! slop+ ro(2 & ?us ! l[ ceil+1 :i* adds s mu* to ! feel+ ( cos9ess 9 an +le1 is made to b5efit ! b$room ov]4 ,:]e "s su* arrangem5t z ?is is n possible1 we sometimes utilize ! space betwe5 ! l[ ceil+ & ! floor above z a /orage cupbo>d1 & we (t5 take advantage ( x = v5tilat+ purposes1 by br++ fre% air into ! room1 slightly w>m$ by pass+ beh9d ! fire1 & deliv]+ x ov] ! op5+ to ! recess1 :]e x is di/ribut$ ) ! lea/ possible draught4 ,:]e an outlet into a flue is desirable to supplem5t ! exhau/ due to ! fire1 we f9d ?is a v good place to arrange x4 ,9 a room ) close-fitt+ iron casem5ts1 suffici5tly well built n to leak excessively ?r\gh floors1 skirt+1 & door1 ! mo/ frequ5t cause ( a smoky *imney is ! want ( suffici5t air supply1 & "s =m ( inlet is an absolute necessity4 ,= b$rooms ?is may be successfully arrang$ 9 "s cases ?r\gh a holl[ f5d] k]b4 ,all ! b$rooms 9 ?is cottage are s arrang$ z to h a fairly com=table corn] betwe5 ! fire & a w9d[1 :]e "o c sit to read or write4 ,an ea/ aspect is obta9$ = ! ba?-room1 & a l95 cupbo>d w>m$ by ! cyl9d] is provid$4 ,( ! elevations ,i ne$ only say t local r&om range /one is us$ = ! gr\nd /ory1 :ile = ! upp] portion ! ne$ = obta9+ f\r b$rooms ov] a h\se s n>r[ requires ! use ( n9e in* brick walls :i* are r\gh-ca/ 9 cem5t4 ,! ro( is cov]$ ) local /one slate4 ,x is obvi\s t ! liv+-room ( ?is cottage c\ld ) mu* less tr\ble h be5 made a f\r-squ>e room ) a fire at "o end & a door at ! o!r2 & might h be5 furni%$ ) a mixture ( kit*5 & p>l\r furniture4 ,b ,i %all h sadly miss$ ! purpose ( ?is pap] %\ld y n n[ feel1 z we d1 t life w\ld be imm5sely m com=table & m dignifi$ 9 a room su* z ,i h be5 describ+1 :]e ea* requirem5t has be5 consid]$ & provid$ =1 & :i* has _h j ! %ape & arrangem5t giv5 to x t seem$ be/ to meet ^? requirem5ts2 :]e1 moreov]1 all ! furniture has be5 design$ 9 keep+ ) its place & its purpose1 s t !re is no incongruity betwe5 ! desk & ! dress]1 ! piano & ! plate-rack4 ,"t w n p]mit me to ref] 9 detail to any small] cottage plans4 ,b en\gh has1 ,i hope1 be5 said to make x q cle>1 t1 :atev] ! size ( ! h\se1 we ?9k x %\ld gr[1 bo? z a utilit>ian plan & z an arti/ic creation1 out ( ! real ne$s ( ! occupants2 & t ! art ( design+ small h\ses & cottages consi/s1 n 9 foll[+ any accept$ code ( conv5tions1 h[ev] useful ^! may be 9 _! place1 b 9 work+ out su* a conv5i5t & comely sett+ = ! special life t %all be liv$ 9 !m z %all enable t life to exp& itself to ! fulle/ ext5t1 n m]ely unhamp]$ by ! build+ 9 :i* x is clo!d1 b actually /imulat$ by a cong5ial surr\nd+4 ,illu/ration ,,li/ ,,( ,,plates4 ,,plans4 ,plate ,h\se at ,nor?wood1 gr\nd floor plan #a fir/ floor plan #b ,h\se at ,m>ple1 ,*e%ire1 plans #c ,h\se design$ = a ,hamp/ead site1 plans #d ,cottage design$ = a ,d]by%ire site1 plans #e ,co-op]ative ,dwell+s1 ,cottage plans #f ,co-op]ative ,dwell+s1 plan ( ,common ,rooms #g ,co-op]ative ,dwell+s1 block plan ( quadrangle #h ,co-op]ative ,dwell+s1 plans = l>g] h\ses #i ,co-op]ative ,dwell+s1 plans ( l>g] ,common ,rooms #aj ,plan = a hamlet #aa ,,l9e ,,draw+s4 7,b>ry ,p>k]1 delt47 ,an ,artizan's ,liv+-room #ab ,a ,liv+-room #ac ,a ,liv+-room #ad ,sket* = a ,hall1 ne> ,d]by #ae ,sket* = a corn] 9 a ,hall1 ne> ,d]by #af ,a ,libr>y #ag ,a ,liv+-room #ah ,a ,/udy 9 ! ro( #ai ,a ,hall 9 ,buxton #bj ,a ,liv+-room 9 ,buxton #ba ,sket* = a ,hall 9 ,buxton #bb ,sket* = a ,hall 9 ,m>ple1 ,*e%ire #bc ,corn] 9 a ,hall1 ,*ur* ,/retton #bd ,a ,liv+-room1 ,*ur* ,/retton #be ,sket* = a ,billi>d-room1 ,c>rigbyrne1 ,co4 ,wex=d #bf ,room to be built on to 8,! ,old ,cottage10 ,t9tagel #bg ,sket* = a ,fireplace1 ,we/morel& #bh ,sket* = a ,hall1 ,we/morel& #bi ,a ,hall1 ,montreal1 ,canada #cj ,a ,liv+-room #ca ,,wa% ,,draw+s4 7,b>ry ,p>k]1 delt47 ,a ,liv+-room1 ,nor?wood #cb ,a ,hall1 ,nor?wood #cc ,design = ,co-op]ative ,dwell+s #cd ,common room 9 ,co-op]ative ,dwell+s #ce ,village ,common ,room #cf ,a ,cottage int]ior #cg ,design = a hamlet #ch ,a ,village corn] #ci ,,photographs4 ,corn] 9 ,d9+-room #dj ,liv+-room 9 ,bridgwat]1 ,! ,g>d5 ,bay #da ,a ,hall 9 ,buxton1 view #a #db #b #dc #c #dd ,a ,liv+-room 9 ,buxton #de ,a ,hall 9 ,buxton #df ,a ,h\se 9 ,*ur* ,/retton1 ! ,hall1 view #a #dg view #b #dh ,! ,liv+-room +le #di ,a ,h\se 9 ,*ur* ,/retton1 ,d9+ recess 9 ,liv+-room #ej ,a ,h\se 9 ,*ur* ,/retton1 a ,b$room1 view #a #ea ,a ,h\se 9 ,*ur* ,/retton1 a ,b$room1 view #b #eb ,a ,h\se 9 ,brad=d1 ! ,hall #ec ,a ,h\se 9 ,brad=d1 ! ,consult+-room #ed ! ,sitt+-room1 view #a #ee view #b #ef ,a ,h\se 9 ,buxton1 ! ,liv+-room #eg ! ,draw+-room #eh ! ,balcony #ei ,a ,f>mh\se ,sitt+-room1 ,d]by%ire #fj ,a ,liv+-room 9 ,buxton #fa ,a ,liv+-room 9 ,croydon #fb ,a ,liv+-room 9 ,buxton #fc ,a ,hall 9 ,m>ple1 view #a #fd view #b #fe ,a ,hall 9 ,montreal1 ,canada1 view #a #ff view #b #fg view #c #fh ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #a4 ,a ,,h\se ,,at ,,nor?wood1 ,,/af=d%ire1 ,,plan ,,illu/rat+ ,,lecture ,,viii4 ,,see ,,plates #cb ,,& #cc4 ,,gr\nd ,,floor ,,plan ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #b4 ,a ,,h\se ,,at ,,nor?wood1 ,,/af=d%ire1 ,,plan ,,illu/rat+ ,,lecture ,,viii4 ,,fir/ ,,floor ,,plan ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #c4 ,a ,,h\se ,,9 ,,m>ple1 ,,*e%ire1 ,,plans ,,illu/rat+ ,,lecture ,,viii4 ,,see ,,plates #bc1 #fd1 ,,& #fe4 ,,fir/ ,,floor ,,plan ,,gr\nd ,,floor ,,plan ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #d4 ,a ,,h\se ,,design$ ,,= ,a ,,hamp/ead ,,site1 ,,plans ,,illu/rat+ ,,lecture ,,viii4 ,,note2 ,,!re ,,are ,,two ,,b$rooms ,,& ,a ,,boxroom ,,on ,,! ,,second ,,floor4 ,,fir/ ,,floor ,,plan4 ,,gr\nd ,,floor ,,plan ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #e4 ,a ,,cottage ,,design$ ,,= ,a ,,d]by%ire ,,site1 ,,plans ,,illu/rat+ ,,lecture ,,viii4 ,,see ,,plate #cg4 ,,fir/ ,,floor ,,plan ,,gr\nd ,,floor ,,plan ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #f4 ,,illu/rat+ ,,lecture ,,vii4 ,,see ,,plates #h ,,& #cd4 ,,second ,,floor ,,plan4 ,,fir/ ,,floor ,,plan ,,gr\nd ,,floor ,,plan ,,design ,,= ,,propos$ ,,co-,,op]ative ,,dwell+s ,,9 ,a ,,york%ire ,,t[n2 ,,sugge/$ ,,plans ,,= ,,?ree ,,( ,,! ,,cottages4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #g4 ,,illu/rat+ ,,lecture ,,vii4 ,,see ,,plates #cd ,,& #ce4 ,,fir/ ,,floor ,,plan ,,second ,,floor ,,plan ,,gr\nd ,,floor ,,plan ,,design ,,= ,,propos$ ,,co-,,op]ative ,,dwell+s ,,9 ,a ,,york%ire ,,t[n4 ,,plan ,,( ,,common ,,rooms ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #h4 ,,illu/rat+ ,,lecture ,,vii4 ,,see ,,plates #f ,,& #i4 ,,design ,,= ,,propos$ ,,co-,,op]ative ,,dwell+s ,,9 ,a ,,york%ire ,,t[n ,,block ,,plan ,,block ,,plan ,,( ,,quadrangle ,,( ,,l>g] ,,h\ses ,,& ,,common ,,rooms4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #i4 ,,illu/rat+ ,,lecture ,,vii4 ,,see ,,plate #h4 ,,second ,,floor ,,plan ,,fir/ ,,floor ,,plan ,,gr\nd ,,floor ,,plan ,,design ,,= ,,propos$ ,,co-,,op]ative ,,dwell+s ,,9 ,a ,,york%ire ,,t[n2 ,,quadrangle ,,( ,,l>g] ,,h\ses ,,& ,,common ,,rooms4 ,,sugge/$ ,,plans ,,= ,,two ,,( ,,! ,,cottages4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aj4 ,,illu/rat+ ,,lecture ,,vii4 ,,design ,,= ,,propos$ ,,co-,,op]ative ,,dwell+s ,,9 ,a ,,york%ire ,,t[n2 ,,quadrangle ,,( ,,l>g] ,,h\ses ,,common ,,rooms4 ,,plan ,,( ,,common ,,rooms4 ,,fir/ ,,floor ,,plan ,,gr\nd ,,floor ,,plan ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aa4 ,,plan ,,= ,a ,,hamlet1 ,,illu/rat+ ,,lecture ,,vii4 ,,see ,,plate #ch4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ab4 ,,an ,,artizan',s ,,liv+-,,room4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ac4 ,,design ,,= ,,! ,,liv+-,,room ,,9 ,a ,,h\se ,,conta9+ ,,?is ,,room1 ,,sanctum1 ,,scull]y1 ,,pantry ,,b$rooms ,,only4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ad4 ,,design ,,= ,,! ,,liv+-,,room ,,9 ,a ,,h\se ,,to ,,h ,,?is ,,room1 ,,sanctum1 ,,kit*5s1 ,,(fices ,,b$room ,,accommodation ,,only4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ae4 ,,prelim9>y ,,sket* ,,= ,a ,,hall ,,ne> ,,d]by4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #af4 ,,prelim9>y ,,sket* ,,= ,a ,,corn] ,,9 ,a ,,hall ,,ne> ,,d]by4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ag4 ,a ,,libr>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ah4 ,a ,,liv+-,,room4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ai4 ,a ,,/udy ,,9 ,,! ,,ro(4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bj4 ,,prelim9>y ,,sket* ,,= ,a ,,hall ,,9 ,,buxton1 ,,d]by%ire4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ba4 ,,design ,,= ,a ,,liv+-,,room ,,9 ,,buxton1 ,,d]by%ire4 ,,see ,,plate #de4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bb4 ,,prelim9>y ,,sket* ,,= ,a ,,hall ,,9 ,,buxton1 ,,d]by%ire4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bc4 ,,prelim9>y ,,sket* ,,= ,,! ,,hall ,,9 ,a ,,h\se ,,at ,,m>ple1 ,,*e%ire4 ,,see ,,plates #c1 #fd ,,& #fe4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bd4 ,,design ,,= ,a ,,corn] ,,9 ,a ,,hall1 ,,*ur* ,,/retton1 ,,%rop%ire4 ,,see ,,plates #dg ,,& #dh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #be4 ,,design ,,= ,a ,,liv+-,,room1 ,,*ur* ,,/retton1 ,,%rop%ire4 ,,see ,,plates #di ,,& #ej4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bf4 ,,prelim9>y ,,sket* ,,= ,a ,,billi>d-,,room1 ,,c>rigbryne1 ,,co4 ,,wex=d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bg4 ,,prelim9>y ,,sket* ,,( ,a ,,room ,,to ,,be ,,built ,,on ,,to 8,,! ,,old ,,cottage10 ,,t9tagel1 ,,cornwall4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bh4 ,,prelim9>y ,,sket* ,,= ,a ,,fireplace1 ,,we/morel&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bi4 ,,prelim9>y ,,sket* ,,= ,a ,,hall1 ,,we/morel&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #cj4 ,a ,,hall1 ,,montreal1 ,,canada4 ,,see ,,plates #ff1 #fg ,,& #fh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ca4 ,,design ,,= ,,! ,,liv+-,,room ,,9 ,a ,,h\se ,,hav+ ,,9 ,,addition ,,to ,,?is ,,room ,a ,,small ,,hall1 ,,kit*51 ,,b$rooms1 ,,& ,,(fices4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #cb4 ,,prelim9>y ,,sket* ,,= ,a ,,liv+-,,room ,,at ,,nor?wood1 ,,/af=d%ire4 ,,see ,,plate #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #cc4 ,,prelim9>y ,,sket* ,,= ,a ,,hall ,,at ,,nor?wood1 ,,/af=d%ire4 ,,see ,,plate #a4 ,,note3 ,,! ,,*imney-,,/ack ,,/&s ,,on ,,! ,,ar*1 ,,& ,,! ,,flue ,,is ,,br\ght ,,ov] ,,to ,,x ,,)9 ,,! ,,copp] ,,hood4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #cd4 ,,design ,,= ,,propos$ ,,co-,,op]ative ,,dwell+s ,,9 ,a ,,york%ire ,,t[n4 ,,to ,,illu/rate ,,lecture ,,vii4 ,,see ,,plates #f1 #g1 ,,& #h4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ce4 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,common ,,room ,,9 ,,propos$ ,,co-,,op]ative ,,dwell+s ,,9 ,a ,,york%ire ,,t[n4 ,,to ,,illu/rate ,,lecture ,,vii4 ,,see ,,plate #g4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #cf4 ,,design ,,= ,,propos$ ,,village ,,common ,,room ,,ne> ,,le$s4 ,,to ,,illu/rate ,,lecture ,,vii4 ,,note3 ,,! ,,billi>d ,,table ,,has ,,be5 ,,omitt$ ,,f ,,sket* ,,to ,,%[ ,,! ,,rais$ ,,seats ,,:i* ,,ov]look ,,x1 ,,! ,,+le4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #cg4 ,,design ,,= ,a ,,cottage ,,int]ior4 ,,see ,,plate #e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ch4 ,,design ,,= ,a ,,hamlet1 ,,illu/rat+ ,,lecture ,,vii4 ,,see ,,plate #aa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ci4 ,,sket* ,,= ,a ,,village ,,corn]1 ,,illu/rat+ ,,lecture ,,vii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #dj4 ,,d9+-,,room ,,9 ,,ea/ ,,d]by%ire4 ,,! ,,sidebo>d ,,corn]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #da4 ,a ,,liv+-,,room ,,9 ,,bridgewat]1 ,,som]set%ire4 ,,! ,,g>d5 ,,bay4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #db4 ,a ,,hall ,,9 ,,buxton1 ,,view #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #dc4 ,a ,,hall ,,9 ,,buxton1 ,,view #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #dd4 ,a ,,hall ,,9 ,,buxton1 ,,view #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #de4 ,a ,,liv+-,,room ,,9 ,,buxton4 ,,= ,,design ,,see ,,plate #ba4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #df4 ,a ,,hall ,,9 ,,buxton4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #dg4 ,a ,,h\se ,,9 ,,*ur* ,,/retton4 ,,! ,,hall1 ,,view #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #dh4 ,a ,,h\se ,,9 ,,*ur* ,,/retton4 ,,! ,,hall1 ,,view #b4 ,,see ,,plate #bd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #di4 ,a ,,h\se ,,9 ,,*ur* ,,/retton4 ,,! ,,liv+-,,room4 ,,view #a4 ,,%[+ ,,+le4 ,,see ,,plate #be4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ej4 ,a ,,h\se ,,9 ,,*ur* ,,/retton4 ,,! ,,liv+-,,room1 ,,view #b1 ,,%[+ ,,d9+ ,,recess4 ,,see ,,plate #be4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ea4 ,a ,,h\se ,,9 ,,*ur* ,,/retton1 ,a ,,b$room1 ,,view #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #eb4 ,a ,,h\se ,,9 ,,*ur* ,,/retton1 ,a ,,b$room1 ,,view #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ec4 ,a ,,doctor',s ,,h\se ,,9 ,,brad=d4 ,,! ,,hall4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ed4 ,a ,,doctor',s ,,h\se ,,9 ,,brad=d4 ,,! ,,consult+-,,room4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ee4 ,a ,,doctor',s ,,h\se ,,9 ,,brad=d4 ,,! ,,sitt+-,,room1 ,,view #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ef4 ,a ,,doctor',s ,,h\se ,,9 ,,brad=d4 ,,! ,,sitt+-,,room1 ,,view #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #eg4 ,a ,,h\se ,,9 ,,buxton4 ,,! ,,liv+-,,room4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #eh4 ,a ,,h\se ,,9 ,,buxton4 ,,! ,,draw+-,,room4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ei4 ,a ,,h\se ,,9 ,,buxton4 ,,! ,,balcony4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #fj4 ,a ,,d]by%ire ,,f>mh\se4 ,,! ,,sitt+-,,room4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #fa4 ,a ,,liv+-,,room ,,9 ,,buxton4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #fb4 ,a ,,h\se ,,9 ,,croydon4 ,,! ,,liv+-,,room4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #fc4 ,a ,,liv+-,,room ,,9 ,,buxton4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #fd4 ,a ,,hall ,,at ,,m>ple1 ,,view #a4 ,,see ,,prelim9>y ,,sket*1 ,,plate #bc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #fe4 ,a ,,hall ,,at ,,m>ple1 ,,view #b4 ,,= ,,plans1 ,,see ,,plate #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ff4 ,a ,,hall ,,9 ,,montreal1 ,,canada1 ,,view #a4 ,,see ,,plate #cj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #fg4 ,a ,,hall ,,9 ,,montreal1 ,,canada1 ,,view #b4 ,,see ,,plate #cj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #fh4 ,a ,,hall ,,9 ,,montreal1 ,,canada1 ,,view #c4 ,,see ,,plate #cj4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,punctuation1 hyph5ation1 & spell+ 7 made consi/5t :5 a pr$om9ant pref]5ce 0 f\nd 9 ! orig9al book2 o!rwise !y 7 n *ang$4 ,simple typographical errors 7 correct$4 ,9 ! orig9al book1 "s sid5otes 7 position$ mid-p>agraph4 ,"h1 all sid5otes are position$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! p>agraph4 ,transcrib] add$ a page numb] 7#acf7 to ! 8,li/ ( ,plates & ,plates at ! end0 entry 9 ! ,table ( ,cont5ts4