,ru9s ( ,buddhi/ic ,temples ,,9 ,prg-,valley4 ,tyanis ,brbudur1 ,mndut & ,pawon ,,by ,dr4 ,i4 ,,groneman1 translat$ f ! dut* by ,j4 ,h4 ,druk van ,h4 ,a4 ,,b5jam9s1 ,sem>ang1 #aiab4 ,preface4 ,:5 9 #ahif ,i 0 oblig$ to retire f practice1 on acc\nt ( sickness1 ,i %ortly aft] took up my resid5ce at ,jogyk>t aga9 9 ord] to devote myself to ! antiqu>ian & e?nological /udies de> to me1 & to :i* purpose ,i _h to e/abli% myself 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! pr9cipal ,h9du ru9s 9 ,java1 t is1 9 ! pla9 ( ,p>ambanan1 & 9 ! valley ( ,prg :]eas ,i c\ld n rely on be+ assi/$ by ! ,dut* ,gov]nm5t or :omsoev]2 ,i _h gr[n too old "u a sy/em ( ,gov]nm5t :o ev5 refuse a pr(essor septuag5>ian to foll[ 8 pr(ession4 ,z = ! ,indian antiquities h[ev]1 !re are /ill _m ?+s to be le>n$1 n only because _m a sculpture & symbolical ornam5t ( build+ has n yet be5 expla9$ or1 s to say1 insuffici5tly int]pret$1 b also because "s ( ^! images h be5 wrongly und]/ood & exp\nd$4 ,i !re=e ?\ght x my duty to h my k ( !m increas$ by a cont9u$ /udy ( ! antiquities !mselves1 & by consult+ su* writ+s z ,i c\ld dispose ( ) my limit$ means4 ,i also w\ld comply ) o!r p's wi%es by giv+ a simple description ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ru9 9 ! village ( ,mndut situat$ by ! way-side to ! ,brbudur1 & m5tion ! small tyani ,pawon ly+ 9 its neighb\rhood4 ,& s ,i ga!r$ all data = an up-to-date fif? edition 9 behalf ( ! cont9ually increas+ numb] ( visitors :o come to visit ^! incomp>able temples1 :i*1 9 spite ( exp5sive b insuffici5t re/oration1 seem doom$ to decay4 ,g4 ,jogyrk>t #aijf4 ,hav+ succe$$ at la/ 9 f9d+ a p]son f ^: h& bo? ! editor & myself express a wi% to see a good ,engli% translation ( ?is little book1 ,i consequ5tly complet$ & rewrote ! =m] text 7#aijf-aijg474 ,,cont5ts4 ,page4 ,preface #c ,buddhi/ic temples 9 ,prg-valley #e ,tyani ,mndut #ac ,tyani ,pawon #bc ,tyani ,brbudur #bf ,conclud+ ^w #ij ,errata #ib ,ru9s ( ,buddhi/ic temples 9 ,prg-valley4 ,i4 ,! ,buddhi/s believe _! community1 _! wor%ip1 _! *ur*1 or :atev] "o may be incl9$ to call ?is1 to h be5 f\nd$ #bd c5turies ago by ! wise & humane k+'s son ( ,kapilava/u1 call$ ,gautama1 ! ,%kja muni or wise ,%kja1 ,buddha or ! ,enlight5$4 ,all t :i* ! lat] leg5ds relat$ ei!r ( ,buddha himself or ( 8 =m] lives1 !y consid] hi/orically true4 ,compet5t ,ori5tali/s1 among :om ! ,dut* ex-pr(essor ,dr4 ,h4 ,k]n1 /at$ h[ev] t1 mu* ab\t ^? leg5ds t _c be true f a hi/orical po9t ( view1 w become q compreh5sible & possible z soon z tak5 9 a my?ical s5se1 & :5 we und]/& ! h]o ( ! my? to be a sun-god4 ,& !n x w be p]fectly indiff]5t to u1 non-,buddhi/s1 :e!r ^? leg5ds may or may n h hi/orical f\ndations & :e!r ! ,buddha ( ! ,buddhi/s may h really liv$ & exi/$ or n4 ,/ill x is an indisput$ matt] ( fact1 t ! ,buddhi/ religion mu/ h exi/$ z su* = ab\t ?ree c5turies be=e ! beg9n+ ( our era1 & pr(ess$ by k+ ,a%oka ! great4 ,inscriptions p>tly sav$1 & f\nd ^u columns1 & on ! walls ( rocks1 prove all ?is to be j#a4 ,?is ,buddhism taught t mank9d might be fre$ f any s5sual passion1 & s9 by foll[+ a pure conduct ( life1 & f ! curse ( be+ cont9ually re9c>nat$ 9 ei!r a human or animal be+1 & t x c\ld ga9 et]nal re/ z ! highe/ rew>d ( virtue on e>?4 ,& !re=e ,buddhism taught self-comm&1 self-d5ial & self-conque/2 ! love ( all be+s ei!r man or bea/3 pati5ce ) o!rs1 ! sons ( diff]5t ca/es1 & pati5ce too ) ! foll[]s ( all o!r religions4 ,! orig9al ,buddhism c't be call$ a religion1 = x knew no god & didn't believe 9 a p]sonal immortality4 ,b l any o!r creation ( "t & ( human desire to =m & re=m aga9 & aga91 ,buddhism also lo/ mu* ( its orig9al "*1 & s x came to pass t ,buddhism 9 ! fir/ ye> ( our era aft] its sep>ation into two ma9 sections1 ! s-call$ s\!rn & nor!rn *ur*es1 especially ! la/ m5tion$ or ! ,mahyna ackn[l$g$1 besides ! ,buddha ( ?is _w1 q o!r ,buddhas to be ! r$eem]s ( =m] & future worlds1 :il/ ! ,buddhi/s ?\ght all ( !m to be ! revelations ( a same orig9al & imp]sonal deity1 ,adi-,buddha2 & ev5 ! gods or "s ( ! gods ( ! ,h9dus 7 admitt$ z ! awatras ( ! same fir/ ,buddha#b4 ,x may be easily und]/ood t ?is ,buddhism also inv5t$ hell 9 contradiction to heav54 ,h[ev]1 by no means an abode = ! et]nal damn$1 su* z ! hell ( ,*ri/ianity alludes to4 ,b ! s\!rn *ur*1 ! ,hnayna sw]v$ less f> f ! anci5t doctr9e1 ?\gh x may be true t x did n always keep its orig9ality1 = 9 its pagodae1 are also f\nd a few sculptures hon\r$ !re z ! repres5tations ( ,buddha himself#c4 ,s9ce "s c5turies ,buddhism has be5 repell$ f its c\ntry ( bir? by ! anci5t ,h9duism4 ,its place 0 tak5 by ! %ivai/ic & o!r ,h9du religions :i* at _! turn aga9 7 p>tly sup]s$$ by ,islmism4 ,b ! ,hnayni/ic wor%ip /ill exi/s 9 ,ceylon & 9 ,fur!r-,india at ,burma1 & ,siam & ,kamboja & ,mahjnism at ,npl & at ,tibet &1 m or less deg5]at$1 9 ,*9a & ,japan4 ,x fl\ri%$ = "s c5turies 9 ! isl& ( ,java1 b became entirely ext]m9at$ by ! fanatic & absolutely intol]ant foll[]s ( ,allah & ,mohamm$4 ,?is 0 dea? aft] life2 slav]y aft] ! comm& ( s5ses2 ! decl9e ( a civilisation lo/ = ev]1 & ( a highly develop$ art ^: products1 by "t's too? *ang$ into ru9s1 /ill te/ify to h] lo/ greatness4 ,?is ,mahynism only ackn[l$g$ ,buddha ! r$eem] ( ?is _w1 next to him 7 hon\r$ ! ,buddhas ( ?ree =m] worlds1 & ev5 a fif? ,buddha1 ! r$eem] ( a future _w1 :i* is to exi/ 9 ! d>kness ( ages aft] ! crack ( ?is doom4 ,^! are ! five ,dhyni-,buddhas3 ,wairotyana1 ,ak%obya1 ,ratnasambhava1 ,amitbha & ,amoghasiddha4 ,& ) ! exception ( ^! five ,buddhas !y also hon\r$ ! five ,dhyni-,bodhisattvas or ,buddha's sons or ,buddhas 9 a /ate ( be+1 t is1 9 a /ate ( self-ex]cise or self-d5ial :i* prec$es ! ,buddha%ip4 ,!y are 9 ! same ord] ( succession3 ,samantabhadra1 ,wadyrapni1 ,ratnapni1 ,padmapni & ,wi%vapni4 ,! s\!rn *ur* doesn't "k ^! ,dhyni-,buddhas & ,bodhisattvas1 s _! images on ! ,brbudur & on o!r tyanis 9 ,java prove to u t ! ,buddhi/s ( ^? temples belong$ to ! nor!rn *ur*4 ,pro(s ( ! exi/5ce ( ,hnaynism 9 ,java1 !re 7 none z yet4 ,b ! ,*9ese ,buddhi/ ,j ,ts+1 :o visit$ ,india & ! ,dut* ,indonsian c\ntries 9 ! sev5? c5tury ( our era1 wrote u t at t p]iod ( "t ,hnaynism mu/ h rul$ "h 9 ,java#d4 ,x goes )\t say+ t ev5 ! ,mahyni/s hon\r$1 among o!rs1 ! ,buddha ( ?is _! _w1 ,amitbha1 z _! ,"l & ,r$eem]1 putt+ fai? 9 8 life on e>? z man & pr9ce's son1 z ascetic & prea*]1 j z ! ,israelites d believe 9 ! p]sonage ( _! ,jahv1 _! ,"l ,god ( ,ho/s1 _! god ( battle & rev5ge1 & j l our ,g]man ance/ors tru/$ 9 ,odh91 & ,?or1 & 9 ! dy+ sun-god ,baldur4 ,& :5 we wi% to judge & und]/& ! temples built by ^! ,buddhi/s1 we also ought to />t f t po9t ( view1 & accept ! h]o ( ! leg5d z if he %\ld h really liv$1 & suff]$ 9 ord] to r$eem ! _w f ! burd5 ( ! s9 ( life1 & f ! curse ( dea?1 & inf9ite reg5]ations4 ,,ii4 ,! ,buddhi/s ass]t ! a%es ( _! ,buddha to h be5 divid$ aft] 8 cremation into eight t[ns1 & buri$ !re4 ,k+ ,a%oka is said to h sev5 ( ^! graves re-op5$ aga9 s z to di/ribute ! holy a%es among "s #hdjjj metal1 cry/al or /one vases or urns to cause !m to be spread ?r\gh\t 8 empire & )\t1 & kept "u b>r[s or /pas4 ,we "k ! prop] hi/ory ( ,buddhism to beg9 ) ?is k+ 9 ! ?ird c5tury be=e our era1 & 9 sev]al p>ts ( ,h9du/an are f\nd /ill undamag$ inscriptions *isell$ at 8 ord] ^u rocks z s _m unobjectionable evid5ces ( ?is fact4 ,i will+ly all[ ?is numb] ( #hdjjj to be v exagg]at$--yet1 x is a fact prov$ by _m an exi/+ & op5$ grave1 t ! ,buddhi/s ( t or lat] date1 & :]ev] !y might h settl$1 always kept small quantities ( a%es or bones !y consid]$ ! rema9s ( _! ,buddha's corpse1 9 ord] to be buri$ "u e>!n or /one b>r[s to hon\r !m z ! relics ( ! great ,ma/] himself4#e ,!re :]e ! ,buddhi/s f\nd$ a community1 !re1 "u su* a hill or /pa !y also buri$ an urn ( a%es :]eas ! hill itself 0 hon\r$ z ! ,ma/]'s grave4#f ,^? hills h[ev]1 7 badly protect$ f ! influ5ces ( temp]ature & "t1 & n pro( aga9/ ! pr(an+ h& ( man1 & !re=e built ( /one1 ! dgaba or dagob1 g5]ally plac$ on a p$e/al ( compos$ leaves ( ! lotus1 ! padmsana1 h>dly disp5sible to ,indian images4#g ,_m temples' ornam5ts h be5 copi$ aft] ^! dagobs1 among o!rs1 ! %ape ( ! small-siz$ pray]-bell :i* is /ill rung by ! visju 9 *9ese temples ev5 at ?is day4 ,^! are facts prov+ ?is tomb-/one's hav+ be5 highly hon\r$4 ,,iii4 ,n any?+ d we "k ab\t ! ,buddhi/s ( elev5 c5turies ago :o once populat$ ^! regions :]e aft]w>ds arose ! ,mohamm$an empire ( ,mat>am4 ,we only "k t !re =m]ly mu/ h exi/$ a ,h9du empire ( ?is "n because ( a f\nd copp] engrav+ all cov]$ ) anci5t-javanese writ+ :i* conta9$ 9 a oa?-=mula ! words3 8,sri mahrja i ,mat>am40 ,we und]/& !m to h come f ,india1 probably f ! ,nor?1 b we don't "k :5 ?is happ5$1 & :5 !y fir/ began to deposit _! ,buddha a%es wor?ily4 ,x may be easily imag9$ h[ev]1 t also ! ,brbudur mu/ h be5 su* a depository1 & s mu* ! m1 because ( its be+ too l>ge to ?9k ( a mausoleum built 9 hon\r ( ev5 ! mo/ p[]ful pr9ce ( t empire4 ,9 flat defiance ( ,rhys ,davids's op9ion :o decl>$ ! ,brbudur to be only #g c5turies old1 we1 on ! o!r h&1 are incl9$ to give ?is monum5t1 accord+ to lat] data1 m ?an elev5 c5turies#h4 ,t ! ,buddhi/s ( ,c5tral ,java 7 a p[]ful nation at t p]iod ( "t may fully appe> f ! ext5t & spl5d\r ( ! build+ :i* surpasses all o!r ,buddha- & ,h9du temples on all ! e>?4 ,& ?\gh x may be true t ! gr\p+ ( ! rock temples ( ,al>a 7vulg4 ,ellora7 & ,ajunta 9 ,india occupies m room1 & grant+ ,angkor 9 ,kamboja 7:i* wasn't a ,buddhi/ temple7 to seem m maje/ic :5 se5 at a di/ance1 /ill1 accord+ to compet5t judges :o also visit$ ^! ru9s1 ! ,brbudur is gr&] by f> z well = ! unity ( its :ole z = ! h>mony ( its diff]5t p>ts1 & = bo? ! nobl5ess ( ! s*em]'s ?\ght & ! excell5ce ( ! execution4 ,?is h>mony supports ! op9ion ( ?is build+'s hav+ be5 built aft] ! s*eme ( "o & ! v same ar*itect2 a man ( a surpris+ intellectual capacity inde$1 :o c\ld h conceiv$ su* a s*eme to be c>ri$ out 9 an incalculable numb] ( ye>s by hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( lab\r]s4 ,we _c possibly believe t s mu* lab\r & "t w\ld h be5 sp5t on ! build+ ( a pr9ce's mausoleum1 h[ev] p[]ful he might h be54 ,moreov]1 !re are reasons en\gh to suppose t ! pr9ce ( ?is empire1 at ^: comm& ! ,brbudur mu/ h be5 built1 comm5c$ or p>tly a*iev$1 %\ld h di$ be=e ! f9i%+ ( ?is colossal "w1 & t 8 a%es 7 buri$ 9 ! sumptu\s grave temple1 at t p]iod ( "t mo/ likely already f9i%$1 & ! ru9s ( :i* we %all visit 9 ! dess 7native village7 ( ,mndut4 ,or m exactly3 t 8 successor or *ildr5 or blood-relations1 or p]haps 8 p1 built ?is tyani on ! pit 9 :i* ^? a%es _h be5 put away1 & t z a wor?y mausoleum to ! k+ :o once pres5t$ 8 subjects ) ! ,brbudur4 ,"s unf9i%$ p>ts ( bo? ! ,brbudur & ! ru9s 9 ! valley ( ,p>ambanan1 especially ! unf9i%$ imag]ies at ! foot 7hidd5 aga9 "u ! out]-t]race7 on ! out]-wall ( ! l>ge temple1 make u suppose t ^! products ( art _h be5 sc>cely a*iev$1 & ! imag]ies h>dly f9i%$ & plac$ on _! walls1 :5 ! buddhi/ic empire ( ,c5tral ,java fell into a /ate ( decay or became ru9$ at all4 ,upw>ds ( a ?\s& ye>s h roll$ s9ce ov] ^! colossal ru9s4 ,e>?quakes1 & volcanic eruptions replac$ _! masses ( /one1 sol> heat & torr5ts introduc$ & support$ _! decay1 p>asitic plants disp]s$ _! f\ndations1 & n>r[-m9d$ slaves ( ignorance & fanaticism damag$ or spoilt _m ( _! produce ( art--/ill ! ru9s /& !re z an impressive fact sc>cely no less uncr$ible ?an und5iable2 a maje/ic product ( a ma/]-m9d ( ! pa/1 a /one epic immortal ev5 9 its decl9e4 ,on acc\nt ( its g5]al =m 78p> le dess9 gnral1 mais p> l seulem5t07 ! ,fr5* s*ol> ab\t ,indian matt]s ,a4 ,b>? call$ ! ,brbudur ! only /pa 9 ,java#i1 & ?is may be j :5 we und]/& a /pa to be only ^? b>r[s :]e 7 buri$ "s a%es or ano!r relic ( ! ,buddha himself1 & :5 we consid] all o!r tyanis 9 ?is isl&--) ! exception ( ! mona/]ies :i* are no tyanis--to be no?+ else b ! mausolea ( sons ( ,pr9ces1 or ( gurus & monks1 or belong+ p]haps to o!r noble m5 & wom54 ,h]eabove we already saw reasons en\gh to make u suppose t ,tyani ,mndut _h be5 built on ! a%es ( ! pr9ce ( ! buddhi/ic empire ( :i* we don't "k any?+ b its hav+ be5 supreme 9 ,c5tral ,java = at lea/ elev5 c5turies ago4 ,^! ru9s /& 9 ! village aft] :i* !y h be5 nam$1 along ! road lead+ f ,jogyk>t to ! ,brbudur1 n f> f ! ,maglang r\te1 & z !y are ! fir/ we rea* on our way f "o ( ! two capitals1 & g5]ally visit$1 we %all !re=e fir/ describe ?is mo/ int]e/+ grave temple4 ,tyani ,mndut4 ,leav+ ,jogyk>t by /eamtram or by c>riage1 & driv+ ?r\gh ! dessa ( ,muntilan--prop]ly speak+ a ,*9ese settlem5t--1turn+ two or ?ree miles f>!r on ne> ! /opp+-place ( ,kalangan1 #h miles s\? ( ,maglang1 into a by-pa? lead+ we/w>d to ! ,brbudur1 we1 )9 an h\r1 %all arrive at ! real javanese village ( ,mndut1 :i* is situat$ on ! left bank ( ! riv] lo4 ,on ?is spot1 z x 7 "u ! %ad[ ( ! ,buddha temple1 elev5 c5turies old at lea/1 a ,roman ,ca?olic mission built a little *ur* & p>sonage1 & op5$ a s*ool = javanese *ildr54 ,liv+ ,*ri/ianity ne> ! ru9s ( dead ,buddhism6 ,heavy teak wood5 scaffold+s surr\nd$ ^! ru9s on all sides1 & on ! nor?-we/]n frontside solid wood5 /airs lead upw>d till "u ! attap#aj tempor>y ro(4 ,?is 0 to protect ! ,brbudur's pyramidical ro( 7at t "t n yet %ut (f aga97 & protect also ! ?ree almo/ undamag$ gigantic images f ra9 & sun-blaze4 ,?is scaffold+ /ill appe>$ z a witness ( ,w4 ,a4 van de ,kam]'s clev] dilig5ce4 ,"s elev5 ye>s ago1 :5 9 ,gov]nm5t's s]vice z (ficial = ways & roads1 he got ! ord] giv5 to him by *oice1 to beg9 ! "w ( re/oration1 & t above 8 own "w z ov]se] 9 s]vice ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,public ,works4 ,not)/&+1 he cont9u$ = ?ree ye>s ?is ent]prise tru/$ to him1 & )\t any o!r rew>d b ! title ( ar*itect ! diploma ( :i* he _h already got 9 ,ne!rl& = _m ye>s ago4 ,"u 8 comm&1 & )\t any accid5t1 he _h ! heavy & badly m5ac$ pyramidic ro( br\ght d[nw>d1 & he succe$$ 9 hav+ ! decay+ & decl9+ walls erect$ aga91 & t 9 a mann] 7z ,i once witness$7 unconditionally admir$ by compet5t exp]ts1 among :om ,i "k high-plac$ eng9e] (fic]s4 ,b 8 "w became unju/ly object$ by ! philological presid5t ( a newly appo9t$ ,brbudur committee he saw sudd5ly plac$ above him 7van de ,kam]71 & ! pitiable mann] 9 :i* ! =m] (ficial induc$ him to ask = exemption f ! lab\r de> to him1 & to retire f ,gov]nm5t's s]vice "s ye>s aft]w>ds1 ,i already expla9$ & blam$ 9 #aija by means ( "s non-publi%$ writ+s1 because ! latt]1 /ill subord9ate at t "t1 c\ld n def5ce himself1 & above all1 because ( my be+ compet5t & oblig$ to d s z an hone/ man1 loyal to ! anci5t device3 8,fais ce que dois1 advi5ne que p\rra04 ,ev5 to me ?is de$ became a s\rce ( misund]/&+ & grief4 ,! fir/ /rik+ ?+ we see is t1 9 contrav5tion to almo/ all o!r buddhi/ic build+s1 ! frontage ( ^! ru9s h n be5 plac$ opposite to ! ,ea/1 ! sun-rise1 b /range en\gh1 opposite to ! ,nor?we/4 ,:5 ,i fir/ visit$ ?is temple 9 #ahge ,i saw t ! por* :i* _h be5 built be=e ?is frontage1 _h p>tly disappe>$4 ,only its side-walls1 ! great] "p at lea/1 & =tunately1 ! two int]e/+ sculptures _h rema9$4 ,?is 0 also ! case ) ! #ad l>ge /one /eps lead+ f )\t to ! same por*1 & flank$ by heavy holds 9 ! =m ( ! g>ua-nga ornam5t we are go+ to "k by-&-by4 ,! colossal pyramidic ro(1 & "p ( ! front wall above & nor? ( ! entrance to ! inn]-room 7 greatly lo/4 ,! two sculptures be=e ! entrance %[ u1 to ! left1 a pr9cess 9 a g>d5 ( fruit-trees1 ) a suckl+ at h] brea/1 & _m play+ *ildr5 all r\nd ab\t h]4 ,& opposite to !m1 to ! "r1 we see an ,indian1--n buddhi/ic--pr9ce ) mu* m *ildr5 9 su* ano!r g>d54 ,all ! *ildr5 we> a cresc5t ( ! moon on ! h9d "p ( _! heads1 b bo? ! *ildr5 & _! p>5ts miss ev]y?+ t might h spok5 ( a buddhi/ic "*4 ,! pr9ce himself we>s a ?ree /r+$ cord ( a ca/e 7upavta71 & is !re=e *>act]is$ z a n buddhi/ic "o4 ,buddhism doesn't "k any ca/e4 ,nev]!less1 !re are ,dut* s*ol>s :o suppose ?is pr9ce to be ,buddha's fa!r1 ?is woman ,buddha's "m4 ,ev5 pr(essor ,k]n wrote to me t ?is woman ) h] suckl+ %\ld be nobody else b ,may ) h] son 9 ,lumb9i g>d54 ,! ,indian pr9ce h[ev]1 rema9$ inexplicable4 ,! buddhi/ic k+ ( ,siam1 ,*ula ,longkorn1 gave me 9 #ahif ano!r & f> bett] explanation :i* solv$ all difficulties1 & to :i* ,i'll come back aga9 aft] hav+ fir/ giv5 a sup]ficial description ( ! gigantic images we see 9 ?is temple4 ,let u !re=e ent] ?r\gh ! op5$ iron rail+ n[ replac+ ! wood5 inn] door1 :i* = m ?an "s #gj ye>s ago1 0 us$ p]haps1 z fire-wood4 ,! space be=e ! unadorn$ s\?-ea/]ly back-wall is occupi$ by a heavy alt>-%ap$ ?rone n yet long ago newly built 9 an exce$+ly simple /yle4 ,& on ?is ?rone sits a colossal ,buddha image1 by no means h[ev]1 a nude "o1 s z pr(essor ,ve? wrongly wrote 9 8 /&>d "w3 8,java10 b ?is is dress$ 9 ! c[l ( ! s\!rn ,buddhi/s uncov]+ 8 "r %\ld] & arm2 8 two legs dangl+ & re/+ on a small cu%ion ) 8 two h&s be=e 8 brea/ 9 su* a po/ure 7mudr7 z ! ,mahyni/s1 ! foll[]s ( ! 8,big ,c>riage0 ( ! nor!rn *ur*1 g5]ally 7n always7 give to ! fir/ ( _! five ,dhyni-,buddhas4 ,9 ,ceylon & 9 ,f>!r ,india h[ev]1 !re :]e ,hnaynism ( ! s\!rn *ur* /ill exi/s1 :i* doesn't "k any ,dhyni-,buddha1 ?is po/ure simply means 8bless+40 ,to ! "r ( ?is ,buddha ne>ly #d y>ds high1 we see a buddhi/ic pr9ce seat$ on a ?rone abundantly decorat$ ) ngas1 lions1 & elephants1 & ornam5t$ ) lotus-cu%ions & feet cu%ions4 ,! monk's hood1 ! bottom ( :i* goes "u ! pr9cely g>b ov] 8 left %\ld] & brea/1 & ! small ,buddha image 9 8 cr[n *>act]ise him z a ,buddhi/1 & t 9 contradi/9ction to ! o!r pr9ce we see opposite him1 to ! left ( ! ,buddha4 ,& ?\gh ?is pr9ce also has 8 seat on an equally ri*ly ornam5t$ ?rone1 yet we don't see any image 9 8 cr[n1 & !n he doesn't we> a monk's hood1 b only ! ?ree-/r+$ upavta :i* *>act]ises him z n buddhi/ic4 ,on ?is gr\nd pr(essor ,k]n ?\ght ?is ,indian pr9ce z inexplicable z ! o!r "o we saw 9 ! por* be=e ! entrance4 ,! two k+s we> ! prabha1 or disk ( light1 on ! back "p ( _! heads4 ,buddha does n1 or no m2 = ?is may h be5 fix$ to ! wall ( ! temple1 & aft]w>ds fall5 d[n aft] t ! image itself _h slidd5 f its seat1 or be=e its hav+ be5 plac$ !re#aa4 ,on acc\nt ( ! po/ure ( 8 h&s be=e 8 brea/ !re are "s ,dut* s*ol>s :o suppose ?is ,buddha to be ! fir/ ,dhyni-,buddha ,vairotyana1 & ! two o!r pr9ces !y ?9k to be ,bodhisattvas or future ,buddhas1 :il/ ! "o on ! nor?-ea/]ly wall is said to be ! f\r? ,dhyni-,bodhisat?va1 ,padmapni because ( 8 be+ provid$ ) a small image ( ! f\r? ,dhyni-,buddha1 ,amitbha1 9 8 cr[n4 ,:i* ,bodhisat?va we !n mu/ see 9 t o!r image nobody c\ld tell u1 because x misses all attributes4 ,?is h[ev]1 is also ! case ) ! buddhi/ic k+'s image1 & ?\gh x may be provid$ ) a ,buddha image 9 its cr[n1 occasionally giv5 to "s ,bodhisat?vas1 yet x doesn't *>act]ise e we>] z su*4 ,moreov]1 ,i m ?an once demon/rat$ t all ! cr[ns are provid$ ) no o!r image b ! "o ( ! ,buddha himself 9 8 po/ure ( m$itation 7or re/ aft] dea?71 & !re=e we c't accept ^! images to be ,bodhisat?vas1 or m especially ,padmapni1 ! ,bodhisattva ( ! f\r? ,dhyni-,buddha :o1 aft] all1 %\ld h be5 *>act]is$ by ?is ,bodhisat?va's usual attribute1 ! padma or lotus plac$ ne> 8 face4 ,b ^! two images also miss ?is fl[] & ! /em ( ! lotus :i* ! ,bodhisat?vas g5]ally keep 9 _! left h&s4 ,sometimes h[ev]1 we see !m 9 _! "r h&1 & ! fl[] ) ! symbol above "o or two leaves4 ,s ! mean+ ( ! m5tion$ s*ol>s doesn't expla9 ^! #c images :]eas ,siam's k+1 on 8 visit+ ?is temple 9 #ahif1 satisfactorily int]pret$ ! nor?-we/]ly image1 we>+1 l he does himself1 a ,buddha image 9 8 cr[n1 to be p]haps ! k+ ( ! buddhi/ic empire1 "u ^: reign ! ,brbudur 0 built4 ,fur!r he suppos$ ! o!r image to be ! latt]'s n-buddhi/ic fa!r & pr$ecessor :il/ bo? fa!r & son 7! latt] aft]w>ds became a buddhi/71 might h be5 hon\r$ by _! desc5dants :o br\ght toge!r ! two images 9 ?is sanctu>y "u ! bless+ ( ! only ,buddha1 ! r$eem] ( ?is _w4 ,s ?is ,buddha image has no?+ to d ) any ,dhyni-,buddha1 & by no means ) ! fir/ ( !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,tyani ,mndut4 ,imag]y 9 front ( ! entrance ( ! ru94 ,hrit1 ! goddess ( ! ,yak%as1 ) "s ( h] #ejj *ildr54 ,?is explanation ( ! k+-,buddhi/ became s compreh5sible & logical to me t ,i c\ld n b accept & def5d x aga9/ o!rs1 & s ,i came to ! hypo!sis t ! a%es ( ! two k+s 7b c]ta9ly ! son's a%es7 mu/ h be5 buri$ 9 ?is tyani4 ,_! urns may be f\nd back aga9 9 a deep pit "u ! ?rone ( ! ,buddha1 or "u ! seats ( ! o!r images1 j z we _h f\nd su* urns ( a%es 9 o!r tyanis1 9 squ>e pits1 "u ! p$e/als ( ! images1 & g5]ally adorn$ ) "s figures ( preci\s metal & provid$ ) "s col\r$ preci\s /ones1 ! emblems ( ! sev5 treasures1 ! sapta ratna :i* 7 giv5 to ! dead4 ,^! pits occupi$ ! :ole dep? ( ! f\ndation ( ^! temples1 "u ! floor ( ! inn]-rooms :i* may h be5 int5tionally built s high above ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,?is1 p]haps1 is also ! reason ( ! heavy sub/ructure ( tyani ,mndut4 ,_h ,van de ,kam] rema9$ *>g$ ) ! "w ( re/oration to ^! ru9s ! ,resid5t ( ,k$u w\ld !n h grant$ u to exam9e ?is affair m closely be=e ! ?rone 0 rebuilt aga91 & ! ,buddha image replac$ ^u x4 ,b ?is didn't happ54 ,t ,siam's k+ decl>$ ! two images be=e ! entrance to be ! repres5tations ( ! buddhi/ic k+'s p>5ts ) _! *ildr5 seem$ m ?an reasonable to me1 especially1 because ( all difficulties be+ solv$ !n4 ,didn't ,may1 l any o!r "m ( ,buddha1 die sev5 days aft] 8 bir?8 ,& !n1 all writ+s kn[n to me1 don't m5tion any?+ ab\t ,siddhrta's bro!rs or si/]s4 ,& all ^! *ildr5 c't possibly be angels or cele/ials1 because 9 ! small] panels1 above ! gr\ps 9 ! por*1 we always see !m hewn float+ 9 ! air4 ,h[ev] reasonable ?is idea ( ! hnay/ic k+ may h seem$ to me1 yet ,i c\ld n ma9ta9 ?is :5 ,i 0 told by ,mr4 ,a4 ,f\*]1 ! great kn[] ( ! anci5t ,indian ,buddhism1 t 9 ,old ,g&hra he (t5 saw ! ,buddha1 j z is ! case "h1 sculptur$ 9 ! mudr ( prea*+1 /&+ betwe5 ! two ,bodhisat?vas1 ,avalokitsv>a & ,manjusri4 ,?is1 among o!rs1 is to be se5 at ,srn? 9 ! nor!rn environs ( ,bn>s :i* passes = ! v place :]e ! ,buddha %\ld h prea*$ = ! fir/ "t4 ,?is is ord9>ily indicat$ by means ( ! tyakra betwe5 two gazelles1 & consequ5tly hewn at ! foot ( ,buddha's ?rone4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,f\*] also taught me t my fell[-c\ntry-man1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,ph4 ,vogel1 lead] ( ! ar*aeological s]vice 9 ,briti% ,india1 rightly decl>$ ! two demi-relievoes 9 ! por* 7volume #d? ( ! 8,bullet9s de l'cole franaise d',extrme-,ori5t07 to be ! repres5tations ( ,hrit & ,kuv]a1 ! goddess & ! god ( ! ,yak%as ) "s ( _! *ildr54 ,9 _m a cloi/] 9 ,g&hra he saw ! ,yak% ,hrit repres5t$ ) "o *ild at h] brea/1 & t1 aft] %e h]self1 :o is said to h be5 ! =m] p]sonification ( small-pox 7v>iolae71 _h be5 conv]t$ by ! ,buddha4 ,he _h tak5 away "o ( h] #ejj *ildr51 & remon/rat$ ) h] on ! sorr[ %e gave ! mo!rs ( ! *ildr5 kill$ by h]1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* %e totally *ang$ h] "*1 became truly conv]t$ & aft]w>ds hon\r$ z a patroness ( *ildr54 ,i am n go+ to expatiate ab\t ! arti/ic value ( ?is produce ( ! anci5t pla/ic arts 9 ,old ,india4 ,"o %\ld see !m oneself & !n judge :e!r ! ,indian sculptor knew h[ to *isel out liv+ ?\ghts :i* are n less /rik+ & beautiful ?an ^? ( ! ,greeks 9 ! age ( ,p]icles1 & mu* bett] hewn ?an ^? ( ! ,egyptians 9 ! "t ( ! hi]oglyphics1 ( ,memphis & ,!bae1 ( ,c>nak & ,philae#ab4 ,b !re are m ?+s to be se5 9 ! sanctu>ium ( tyani ,mndut4 ,! space )9 ! f\r heavy walls is n a squ>e or rectangul> "o1 b r a trapezoid ) p>allel front- & back walls4 ,its side-walls some:at jo9 ea* o!r f front to back4 ,i don't "k any o!r example ( deviation f ! rectangul> =m1 & !re=e try to f9d its mean+ 9 ! sculptor's ef=t to increase ! impression ! l>ge images make ^u ! visitor1 by slightly support+ its p]spective4 ,illu/ration3 ,tyani ,mndut4 ,imag]y 9 front ( ! entrance ( ! ru94 ,kuw]a1 ! god ( ri*es & ( ! ,yak%as1 ) "s ( 8 *ildr54 ,two ni*es h be5 sp>$ 9 ea* ( ^! side walls1 b n symmetrically l we see !m hewn be=e ! impressive image-gr\p1 & n beh9d x or on ! back wall4 ,half way betwe5 ! entrance & ! two corn]s h[ev]1 two simil> ni*es adorn ! front wall4 ,all ^! six ni*es h be5 fram$ ) ! g>ua-nga ornam5t1 t is1 ) two compos$ s]p5t's bodies ^: tails disappe> into ! mule ( a mon/r\s g>ua head we see above ! vault ( ^! ni*es1 & ^: outw>d turn$ heads are provid$ ) a proboscis4 ,9 ea* ni*e !re lies a small lotus cu%ion b )\t any image4 ,ev5 9 #ahcd dur+ ! digg+ up ( ! ru9 buri$ "u an ov]gr[n m\nd1 no images 7 f\nd 9- or outside ^! ni*es4 ,:at !n 0 ! mean+ ( !m8 ,!y 7 expla9$ to u by ! ,fr5* ,indian ar*itect ,h5ry ,p>m5ti] :o spoke ( analogical cases 9 ,f>!r ,india ,bullet9s de l'cole franaise d',extrme ,ori5t#ac4 ,ev5 !re ! temples closely relat$ to ! ,h9du ru9s 9 ,java _h no w9d[s or op5+s outside ! entrance :i* op5$ into an equally d>k por*2 & z x 0 v d>k inside ! walls 7 provid$ ) ni*es = lamps to light ! images ?ron+ 9 ^! sanctu>ies4 ,aft] mature consid]ation ,i came to ! conclusion t ! ni*es ( tyani ,mndut mu/ also h _h ?is de/9ation1 & ?is may be ! reason :y all ( !m 7 affix$ 9 front & opposite 7n beh9d7 ! ?ree images1 s t ,i nev] d\bt$ ! f\r walls to h _h any o!r op5+ ?an ! door :i* op5$ ?r\gh ! front wall into ! almo/ equally d>k por*4 ,?is conviction ( m9e has be5 confirm$ by "s correspond+ cases1 among o!rs1 by ! fact t ! f\r /ill undamag$ walls ( ! comp>atively l>ge inn]-rooms ( tyani ,svu 9 ! pla9 ( ,p>ambanan1 h no o!r op5+ b ! door :i* gives entrance to ! 7ea/]n7 por*4 ,h[ev]1 we don't see any ni*e 9 ! inn]-room ( tyani ,kalasan1 p]haps because !re 0 room en\gh 9 ^! two sanctu>ies to place "o or m lights be=e or on ! alt>s :i* c>ri$ ! ,buddha or ,tr image4 ,9 ! ma9 temples ( ! ,p>ambanan gr\p1 ) ! exception ( tyani ,%iva1 !re 0 no place = ^! lights4 ,! alt>-%ap$ p$e/als ( ! images 7 mu* small] !re1 & r\nd ab\t !m !re 0 b little room4 ,?is temple's walls hewn ) exquisitely modell$ fe/oons _h also no ni*es1 & c\ld n h _h !m unless "o w\ld h p>tly sacrific$ its panels4 ,b 9 all o!r1 less spaci\s temples ^: walls 7 unadorn$1 are /ill to be f\nd simple & squ>e =m$ /ones1 #b ( :i* we see 9 ea* side-wall1 & #a on e side ( ! entrance ?r\gh ! front wall1 consequ5tly j z ! #f ni*es 9 tyani ,mndut & equally fit to ! same purpose4 ,_h n ! front walls ( ^! sanctu>ies p>tly fall5 d[n ,i am sure we !n c\ld see t !y also _h no w9d[s above ! entrances1 & t nei!r ! inn]-rooms ( tyanis ,svu & ,kalasan1 nor ! sanctu>y ( tyani ,mndut ev] _h !m till be=e "s ye>s :5 ! presid5t ( ! 8,oudheidkundige ,commissie0 7bo>d ( antiqu>ian sci5ce7 ord]$ ^! op5+s to be pi]c$ ?r\gh ! front wall sc>cely rebuilt by ,van de ,kam]4 ,& t1 contr>y to ?is ar*itect's (ficial objections1 & aga9/ my n-(ficial b well argu$ w>n+4 ,an irresponsible de=m+1 a violation ( ! orig9al ar*itecture1 a desecration ( a primevally pure /yle6 ,& ?is becomes mu* cle>] to u :5 we raise our eyes1 & fully see h[ ?is polygonal hole spoils ! h>mony ( ! "* ( ! pyramidical vault s beautifully ?\ght1 & :i* ,i mean to h once kn[n z a clos$ :ole4 ,^? :o contemplate ?is pseudo-vault unprejudic$ly w no m regret ?an ,i d1 t su* a ?+ c\ld h happ5$ )\t hav+ be5 r$ress$ up to ?is date4 ,x is true1 x w\ld co/ mu* lab\r aga91 & money too1 b ?is lab\r & money w\ld und\bt$ly be f> bett] acc\nt$ = ?an t :i* 0 uselessly sp5t to commit su* an unp>donable mi/ake4 ,dr4 ,br&es may h be5 deceiv$ by ! =m ( ! hole ! dropp+ /ones _h made outside 9 ! front wall above ! entrance1 & :i* he knew f engrav+s only1 =1 :5 he fir/ visit$ ?is temple ,van de ,kam] _h ?is wall erect$ aga9 j z x once 01 & )\t any o!r op5+ b ! door4 ,on acc\nt ( analogical ,indian ru9s pictur$ 9 ,f\rn]au's & ,por*]'s works1 ,i /at$ else:]e h[ ! fall+ asund] ( su* walls :i* _h be5 run up ) hewn /ones )\t mort>1 are to =m ! v same angul> l9es ( brea* ,dr4 ,br&es unrightly ascrib$ to ! ar*itect's int5tion to build !m s4 ,x is true t ! front wall ( ! inn]-room ( tyani ,svu makes u ?9k1 f its inside at lea/1 ( su* a relievo vault1 b ?is _h be5 entirely %ut (f to its outside1 & consequ5tly n likely to h ev] done duty z a 8light-case0#ad4 ,_h ,dr4 ,br&es tak5 van de ,kam]'s objections & my w>n+ into unprejudic$ consid]ation1 ?is mean+ ( 8 w\ld n h be5 possible4 ,tyani ,mndut has ! outw>d appe>ance ( a quadrangle ) a some:at rectangul> w+ 9 ! c5tre ( ea* ( its f\r sides4 ,consequ5tly an icosah$ral re/+ on an equally polygonal f\ndation ( l>g] ext5t4 ,! nor?-we/]n =ebuild+1 :i* rea*$ mu* f>!r1 & =m]ly _h be5 sep>ately ro($ 91 conta9$ ! por* to :i* a broad & f\rte5-tread /aircase w lead u ev5 n[4 ,?is /aircase is flank$ by heavy bani/]s =m$ ( compos$ naga & g>ua heads we are go+ to "k some:]e else4 ,h[ev]1 among ! sculptures we see on ! out]-wall1 ,mr4 ,m4 ,f\*] recognis$ n )\t "s res]ve ! ma9 image on ! nor!a/ side z ! eight-arm$ mahyni/ic deity ,tyund or ,tsyund1 /&+ betwe5 ! ,bodhisattvas ,avalokitsv>a & ,manjusri2 on ! wall to ! s\?-ea/ 7! h9d-"p ?us7 he ?\ght he saw ,avalokitsv>a himself1 f\r-arm$1 & betwe5 two ,t>as2 & on ! s\?-we/]n side he saw ,tsyund once m1 b n[ f\r-h&$ & /&+ betwe5 ! v same two ,bodhisattvas we see on ! nor?-ea/]ly out]-wall4 ,on ! side-panels ( ?is wall he recognis$ ! ,bodhisattva ,manjusri1 on ! s\?-ea/ side ,vajrpani1 ! ,bodhisattva ( ! second ,dhyni-,buddha2 & on ! out]-wall to ! s\?-we/ he saw ,manjusri aga91 ! =m] ) 8 sword & ! latt] ) 8 book on a blue lotus4 ,all ! small s]ies sculptur$ on ! outsides ( ^! heavy /airs ref] to anci5t leg5ds4 ,! k+ ( ,siam told u t 9 ! :ole ( 8 buddhi/ic empire !re 0 only "o image :i*1 ?\gh mu* m damag$1 c\ld be comp>$ to ! colossal ,buddha image we see "h1 :il/ 8 bro!r1 pr9ce ,damrong1 call$ ! ,mndut ,buddha priceless4 ,9 #ahif1 & aft]w>ds 9 #aija1 ,h4 ,m4 r5d]$ due homage to ! ,buddha image by a dev\t smbah 7salaam7 & by /rew+ smboja-fl[]s 7,plum]ia acutifolia ,poir7 9 its lap2 & s did ! ,que54 ,tyani ,pawon4 ,v4 ,leav+ ! native village ( ,mndut beh9d u1 cross+ %ortly aft] ! small iron bridge built ov] ! riv] ,elo1 & aft] hav+ be5 f]ri$ ov] ! ,praga1 :5 a mile's drive f>!r we/w>d1 we arrive at ! little dukuh ( ,brjnl 7or ,brjnalan7 :]e we see ! v small tyani ,pawon be=e our hav+ turn$ into ! broad kn>i-av5ue :i* leads ?r\gh ! native village ( ,br to ! hill ( ! ,brbudur4 ,"s ye>s ago ?is tyani _h be5 pull$ d[n & aft]w>ds rebuilt aga94 ,its "n :i* means 8kit*50 is cle> en\gh to make u und]/& h[ ! ,javanese w\ld h %[n ! /rik+ contra/ betwe5 ?is small temple & ! o!r m ext5sive "o1 z if x 7 a kit*5 comp>$ ) a mansion or temple4 ,:y !n 0 ?is small ru9 pull$ d[n & aft]w>ds rebuilt aga98 ,x once /ood !re "u ! %ad[1 p>tly ^u & among ! roots ( a gigantic tree1 ! mo/ beautiful r&u alas or 8wild cotton-tree0 7,bombax malab>icus ,d4 ,c47 ,i ev] saw4 ,a :ole1 s /rik+ly beautiful t x *>m$ ! eyes ( all :o und]/ood a little ! language ( l9es & =ms 7& col\rs71 & ( h>mony & contra/4 8,an image ( life :i* kills1 & rises aga9 f dea?40 ,9 #aija conduct+ ! ,j5a pr(essor ,ern/ ,haeckel to ?is spot1 :5 on our j\rney home f ! ru9s ( ! ,brbudur1 ?is s*ol> s s5sible ( nature's beauty drew ?is r>e sc5e 9 8 sket*-book1 & devot$ himself = two or ?ree h\rs to ! contemplation ( ?is comb9$ creation ( art & nature4 ,& ev5 to him ! mutilation ?is maje/ic tree _h already und]gone 9 its frame ( roots beautifully =m$ by nature1 seem$ to be a sacrilege aga9/--j z v long ago ! de/ruction ( anci5t art--by ,nature4 ,b ! latt] work$ q unconsci\sly :]eas ! pr(an+ h& ( man did n4 ,i "k full well ! mo/ insignificant rema9d]s ( ?is anci5t ,art to be ( great value to ,sci5ce2 z well z ! creations ( ,nature2 9 my op9ion h[ev]1 x w\ld h be5 by no means necess>y to fell ?is gigantic tree 9 ord] to pres]ve ?is small produce ( art1 ?\gh o!rs ) a less develop$ s5se = nature's beauty may be incl9$ to ?9k o!rwise4 ,! ar*itect van de ,kam]1 "o ( ! two memb]s ( ! =m] ,brbudur ,committee h[ev]1 did n4 ,he also ?\ght x wrong to sacrifice ?is tree 8n because ! ru9 doesn't %[ u any?+ else we don't "k bett] pres]v$ else:]e2 b because x might h be5 pull$ d[n /one by /one1 & !n 444 rebuilt aga9 )\t kill+ ! tree itself40 ,t :i* _h be5 hidd5 "u ! 444 tree on ! nor? side 0 cru%$ long ago1 & ,i !re=e ?\ght ! fell+ d[n ( ?is tree a useless de$ & consequ5tly a mi/ake4 ,att5d+ 9 #aijj ! ,dut* ,gov]nor-g5]al ,roozeboom to ^! ru9s we 7 photograph$ "u ?is tree by 8 adjutant ! naval (fic] de ,booy1 b ! photographic productions soon fad$4 ,! foll[+ ye> ,i accompani$ ! ,padang photograph] ,c4 ,nieuw5huis to tyani ,pawon sp5d+ "o night 9 ! ,brbudur pasanggrahan 7re/h\se74 ,next day he successfully succe$$ 9 photograph+ ! glori\s gr\p :i* /ill speaks ( ! tru? ,i ass]t$1 ?\gh ! tree itself has be5 lo/ = ev]4 ,! small ru9 has "s con=mity to ! _m1 almo/ z l>ge grave temples1 :i* surr\nd ! ma9 temple ( tyani ,svu1 9 ,p>ambanan valley1 9 f\r rectangles4 ,probably1 also to ^? surr\nd+ ! t]race ( ! l>g] ru9s ( ! ,p>ambanan gr\p 9 ?ree quadrangles1 /ill1 ^! are no truisms1 because out ( ! #aeg small tyanis we dug up we f\nd no?+ else b _! f\ndations only1 & a few alt>-%ap$ p$e/als 7)\t any escape-pipe = ! holy-wat] ! diff]5t sculptures 7 asp]s$ )1 s t ^! p$e/als are likely to h c>ri$ ,buddha images7 su* z are to be se5 9 ! small temples ( tyani ,svu4 ,o!r ones n[ adorn ! premises ( ! resid5ces ( leasehold]s liv+ 9 ^! environs1 = in/ance1 at ! tyani ,svu sug>-factory4 ,b ?is con=mity is n a p]fect "o4 ,a small squ>e room ) a v small por* we ent] by means ( "s n>r[ treads flank$ by ! ,g>ua-,naga ornam5t1 b ?is room is empty & unadorn$1 & ,i hav5't kn[n x o!rwise = m ?an #cj ye>s4 ,!re is only a %all[ ni*e 9 ea* side-wall 9 front ( ! place :]e once may h /ood a p$e/al & image4 ,on acc\nt ( _! height & bread? ,i e/imat$ ^! ni*es too %all[ = an image1 a long "t ago1 & be=e ,i knew _! de/9ation4 ,j z 9 tyani ,mndut ^! ni*es may h be5 consequ5tly us$ to light ! inn]-"p by means ( little bronze or e>!nw>e lamps we also f\nd else:]e1 & all ?is 9 spite ( ! v small & n>r[ air-op5+s1 ev5 ^? 9 ! back wall :i*1 ?\gh newly cov]$1 only admit a v dim light n[ t ! small por*1 sep>ately ro($ 91 has be5 rebuilt & cov]$ aga9 ev5 :5 ! two small doors rema9$ op54 ,i suppose t1 j z 9 o!r su* tyanis1 !re mu/ h /ood 9 ?is d>k inn]-room opposite to ! 7we/]ly7 entrance a small cubic p$e/al )\t any sidelong escape-pipe1 & !reupon a small image ( ! ,buddha or ( ano!r buddhi/ic greatness4 ,b5ea? !re1 9 a small squ>e pit1 may h be5 buri$ an urn conta9+ ! a%es ( a guru or ( "s monk ( high /&+1 & f9ally ,i suppose ?is small mausoleum to h be5 built by _! surviv+ relations :o g5]ally b n slavi%ly kept )9 ! provision ( ! exi/+ examples ( su* a /yle ( build+4 ,! out]-walls ( ?is small temple h be5 also hewn ) demi-relievoes ( ,bodhisattvas & bodhi-trees ) g&h>vas4 ,x is an extraord9>y ?+ t ev5 ! entrance ( ?is inconte/ably true buddhi/ic temple _h n be5 made on ! ea/ side b to ! we/4 ,b z = ! small tyanis ,svu & ,p>ambanan !y also did n foll[ ?is rule4 ,tyani ,brbudur4 ,,vi4 ,aft] hav+ walk$ ?r\gh ! umbrage\s kn>i-av5ue & ! village ( ,br :i* we meet on our way :5 />t+ f ! dukuh ( ,brjnl1 we %all arrive )9 half an h\r at ! hill ^u :i* we see /& ! pasanggrahan1 & ! colossal ru94 ,by c>riage 9 less ?an a qu>t] ( an h\r4 ,! fir/ sight ( ?is wond] ( ar*itecture is a r disappo9t+ "o because1 :5 /&+ at ! end ( ! av5ue1 we only p]ceive ! out]-walls ( its s\?-ea/]ly angle4 ,b ?is becomes q o!rwise z soon z we h rea*$ ! top ( ! hill1 & got out ( our c>riages 9 front ( ! m5tion$ pasanggrahan ly+ opposite ! nor?-we/ corn] ( ! ru91 b :i* has be5 built z high z its foot4 ,we !n ov]look ! enorm\s mass ( /one gradually develop+ itself 9 maje/ic l9es & =ms1 9 all ! t]races1 foll[+ ea* o!r 9 a regul> range ( succession till we see rise 9 _! c5tre ! high cupola n[ cov]$ aga9 by a cone ) ?ree sun-%ades#ae4 ,if we want to und]/& ! ov]:elm+ beauty ( ?is ru9 we mu/ fir/ try to "k ! :ole 9 its diff]5t p>ts1 & be/ ( all1 exam9e to :at purpose ?is "w ( art _h be5 produc$ by ! ,buddhi/s ( ,c5tral ,java :o are said to h exi/$ !re m ?an elev5 c5turies ago4 ,i suppose t1 :5 _! pr$ecessors left ,india = ,java1 !y are likely to h br\ght a vase or urn conta9+ "s real or pret5d$ a%es ( ! ,buddha himself 9 ord] to bury !m "u a simple hill or 9 an artless dagob z soon z !y _h rea*$ ! place ( _! settl+1 to r5d] ^! a%es to ! wor%ip ( ! believ]s1 & to make !m suppose z if ?is hill or cairn 7 ! real grave ( ! ,ma/] himself4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,tyani ,brbudur 7,n4 ,w4 front74 ,b aft] a lapse ( an unc\ntable numb] ( ye>s or1 p]haps "s c5turies1 ?is colony became a l>ge & p[]ful empire1 &--j z ! ,*ri/ians fir/ assembl$ 9 grottoes or catacombs1 & aft]w>ds built *ur*es ri* & magnific5t l ,/4 ,pet]'s at ,rome1 & ! ,cologne ca!dral--! ,buddhi/s also disreg>d$ _! simple cairn1 & want$ some?+ bett]1 some?+ m wor?y & beautiful1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* !y built a dagob l>ge & 9 solemn /yle1 surr\nd$ by _m gradually desc5d+ t]races1 wall$ 9 & cov]$ ) sculptures abundantly hewn1 :i* 0 to speak1 ) ! cle>ness ( pla/ic art or 9 ! poetic language ( symbolism1 ( ! ,ma/] & 8 doctr9e1 ( ! ,r$eem] & r$emption1 ( life's insuffici5cy & ( victory aft] dea?4#af ,he :o w\ld approa* ?is dagob to sacrifice 8 fl[]s to ! ,buddha1 to m$itate 8 life !re1 & p]haps1 to utt] 8 homage 9 a pray]#ag 0 oblig$ to m\nt all ^! t]races1 & walk along ^! sculptures :i* became1 z x 71 a revival ( ! ,buddha & 8 doctr9e :i* taught him ! dissolv+ 9 ! nirvna1 ! approa*+ ( ! inf9ite n-to-be z ! end purpose ( all life1 & ! deliv]ance ( all ! mis]ies ( a s5sual exi/5ce#ah4 ,_m a sculpture rem9d$ him !re t self-conque/1 self-comm&1 s+l5ess & purity ( he>t1 v]acity & meekness1 & ! love = all be+s1 ei!r man or bea/1 7 to lead him to t f9al purpose4 ,& if n bl9d ) 8 eyes op51 he rea*$ at la/ ! ,ma/]'s grave 9 a frame ( m9d s pure & noble1 s s]i\s & well-meant t ! pilgrimage itself became a /ep on ! "r pa?4 ,b n always1 & n to e "o4 ,= ev5 ! impressions receiv$ !re 7 ( a transi5t k9d1 & x may be t _m a "o :o w5t !re = =m's or appe>ances' sake only1 rema9$ z ins5sible ( ^! impressions z he 0 ( ! maje/ic vi/a ! highe/ t]races display$ deep d[n & f> (f on ! surr\nd+ m\nta9s1 valleys & pla9s1 a view mo/ a/oni%+1 & culm9at+ 9 ! satisfaction ( m\nt+ ! ru9 ev5 at ?is day4 ,let u n[ foll[ ! way ! pilgrim took1 & m\nt ! hill :i* c>ries ?is heavy mass ( /one4 ,/&+ on ! small pla9 at its nor?-we/ corn]1 9 front ( ! pasanggrahan :]e we n[ f9d comp>atively nice accommodation1 & :]e once may h /ood ! cloi/] or dwell+ ( ! monks :o took c>e ( ! /pa1 we ov]look ! :ole sc5e3 a polygonal mass ( d>k-grey /one1 a *aos ( dome-%ap$ ro(s & cones1 ( re-ent]+ walls & project+ frame "w1 cr[n$ by a high] situat$ middle-cupola ! lo/ cone ( :i* van ,erp r5ew$ aft] ! copy ( f\nd fragm5ts1 b :i* 0 aft]w>ds remov$ aga94 ,we approa* & asc5d ! out]-t]race1 a tridodecah$ral or r a quadrangle1 ea* side project+ twice outside 9 ! %ape ( a rectangle1 & encircl+ ! equally polygonal temple4 ,?is t]race has no?+ to d ) ! orig9al /yle ( build+4 ,= ab\t two y>ds deep] !re lies ano!r "o1 =m]ly ext5d+ ?ree y>ds f>!r to outside1 b n[ = ! great] "p hidd5 "u a burd5 ( #eejj cubic metres ( /one#ai4 ,suppos+ n[ ?is l[] t]race to be "s two y>ds deep] on1 we !n arrive at ! 7probably7 orig9al out] t]race2 b z its uncov]$ out] "p has be5 lo/ s9ce1 we n[ c't possibly asc]ta9 its b\nds4 ,:51 accord+ to my s*ematism (f]$ to ! ,dut* ,gov]nm5t by ! bo>d ( directors ( ! 8,oudheidkundige ,v]e5ig+01 ! upp] s]ies 7 dug up 7#ahij7 & ! l[]-"p ( ! ru9's out] wall _h be5 uncov]$1 we f\nd !re heavy frames & b&s1 & und]nea? a s]ies ( #afj images mu* bett] hewn ?an ! demi-relievoes1 & = ! great] "p well pres]v$ "u _! firm cov]+4 ,"s ye>s ago we _h n ! slighte/ idea ( _! exi/5ce4 ,i propos$ ! ,dut* ,gov]nm5t to h !m photograph$ s t !y n[ h come )9 ! range ( ! /udy ( ar*aeologi/s#bj4 ,x !re=e appe>s t ! fir/ out]-t]race mu/ h be5 twice height5$ at its orig9al foot1 t is1 be=e ! la/ plann$ imag]ies _h be5 entirely f9i%$ at its foot or h>dly sket*$4 ,& ?is mu/ h be5 done by ! ,buddhi/s !mselves to assure1 p]haps1 firm] f\ndations to ! :ole build+#ba4 ,b let u n[ return to ! out]-t]race we m\nt$4 ,9 =m] times x mu/ h be5 surr\nd$ by a heavy brea/-"w :i* n[ has disappe>$ altoge!r4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ea* side ?is p>apet 0 replac$ by ! upp] /ep ( a /aircase on two sides clos$ 9 by means ( heavy bani/]s4 ,! bani/]s ( su* /airs end$ into nga heads ) turn$ elephant's trunks & gave entrance to ! l[] height5+4 ,out ( all /ill exi/+ /airs1 & ^u ^? we n[ f9d ourselves !re are o!r ones lead+ ov] all ! high] t]races to ! l>ge middle-dagob we c /ill rea* along ?is pa? )\t be+ oblig$ to walk all r\nd ^! gall]ies1 & )\t pass+ ! imag]ies /&+ !re4 ,on our fir/ way we !re=e only walk ab\t "p ( ! out]-t]race1 along ! nor?- & half ea/-side1 & x is on ?is side t we %all m\nt ! /air :i* w br+ u to ! v fir/ gall]y 7also wall$ 9 on its outside7 on ! second t]race4 ,& we %all f9d !re ! />t+-po9t ( f\r diff]5t s]ies ( alto-relievoes ( :i* "s prep>e ea* o!r 9 regul> succession4 ,yet1 ^! imag]ies1 m or less reviv+ ! heavy out]-wall above ! out] t]race1 & consequ5tly /&+ comp>atively high above ! l[] s]ies we uncov]$ 9 #ahij 7n[ cov]$ aga97 don't tell u any /ory or leg5d1 b allude to symbolical ornam5ts only4 ,not)/&+1 !y c't be said to be )\t s5se1 ?\gh we may n readily und]/& !m4 ,!y repres5t numb]less1 b cont9ually modifi$ repetitions ( "s motives3 a man seat$ ne> an inc5se-(f]+ or a fl[]-vase1 & a man /&+ betwe5 two wom51 nymphs or s]vants2 bo? sc5es e "t sep>at$ by a s+le woman's image provid$ ) a lotus or ano!r symbol4 ,?is lotus may ref] to female ,bodhisattvas1 o!rwise ,i %\ld be incl9$ to ?9k ( aps>asas or cele/ials1 because ,i don't see any reason = s _m ,bodhisattvs4 ,& yet1 :y n1 provid$ t !y are n tak5 z p]sonal1 leg5d>y or hi/orical ,bodhisattvs4 ,don't we also f9d !m 9 o!r ru9s 7tyani ,p>ambanan1 & tyani ,svu71 & 9 ! ,s>i & ,plahosan cloi/]s8#bb4 ,& on ! top ( ! heavy cornice cov]+ ^! imag]ies1 /&--or =m]ly /ood--f di/ance to di/ance1 j above ! sacrific]s1 small temples ( a completely simil> =m1 ea* ( !m conta9+ a deep ni*e1 :]e9 a ,buddha image on a lotus-?rone provid$ ) ! prabha or disc beh9d 8 head4 ,a squ>e spire ) scre5-%ap$ /ories rem9d+ u ( ! ,siam pagodae or ( "s tyaityas also repres5t$ on ! imag]ies ( our temple1 cr[n$ ea* small temple :i* _h be5 flank$ by two w+s ) simil> b l[] spires4 ,& betwe5 e two small ni*e-temples /ood--or /&s--1 j above ! gr\ps ( ! ?ree small images1 an alt>-%ap$ /one-block1 cov]$ by a bell-%ap$ dagob :i* has or _h be5 cr[n$ ) a conical column4 ,! front "p ( ea* ( ^! dagob-p$e/als has be5 adorn$ ) a sitt+ man's or woman's image ) a fl[]-vase or an inc5se-(f]+1 or ) bo? ( !m4 ,! back p>ts ( ^! ni*e- & dagob temples =m$--& !y p>tly /ill =m--an 7=m]ly7 un9t]rupt$ cornice :i* c>ri$ ! small spires & ! dagobs1 & b5ea?1 a s+le wall-op5+ :i*1 foll[+ all ! re-ent]+s ( ! tridodecah$ral1 0 only int]rupt$ by ! f\r doorways :i* %[$ u a repetition 7on a l>g] scale7 ( ! small ni*e-temples4 ,^! /airs 7 & are /ill ! weak po9ts ( ! ar*itecture4 ,dissimil> z !y are 9 height & dep? ( ! /eps1 !y sometimes occupy ! great] "p ( ! floor ( ! surr\nd+ gall]ies4 ,ev5 ! doorways once cov]+ !m f t]race to t]race1 b :i* n[ h = ! great] "p disappe>$1 7 less proportion$ to ! :ole1 & !re=e n always equally ri* 9 /yle1 & beauty4 ,x /ill appe>s f t :i* has rema9$ t ! side-po/s ( ^! doorways--j z ^? ( ea* ni*e--_h be5 =m$ by ! s]p5t's bodies ( two ngas ^: tails end$ into ! mule ( a mon/]-head we saw above ! doorway4 ,we already came across ?is v same motif on our walk r\nd ! ni*es1 & on ! bani/]s ( tyani ,mndut & tyani ,pawon1 & f9d x back 9 all ! ,buddha temples 9 ,java1 especially 9 ^? ( ! pla9 ( ,p>ambanan1 & 9 ! ru9s ( ! temple gr\p ( ?is "n ^: buddhi/ic "* w n be easily ackn[l$g$4 ,at ! foot ( ! doorway 7or ( ! ni*e7 ^! nga-heads end$ into outw>d turn$ my?ical mon/]-heads :i*1 at fir/ sight rem9d u ( elephants r ?an ( snake-l animals1 because _! upp] lips g5]ally 7n always7 *ange into a trunk curl$ up on _! =eheads4 ,wilhelm von ,humboldt & aft] him all ,european exam9]s1 among :om ! ,dut* s*ol> ,leemans1 !re=e took ^! mon/r\s figures = elephant's heads )\t p]ceiv+ h[ev]1 t !y *ang$ into s]p5t's bodies :5 se5 on ! side-po/s ( ! doorways2 !y also didn't see ! relation !re 0 betwe5 ^! heads & ! mon/]-head above ! doorways & ni*es4 ,_m ye>s ago ,i _h be5 misguid$ myself1 & 9 ! beg9n+ ,i ev5 def5d$ my error aga9/ ! k+ ( ,siam :o 01 = all ,i "k1 ! only "o t disput$ ?is1 & ,h4 ,m4 succe$$ 9 conv9c+ me by logical argum5tation4 ,9 ?is ornam5t ! nga repres5ts a p[] inimical to buddhism1 & ! mon/] :i* conqu]s ?is p[] by cru%+ ! enemy's tail %\ld be1 accord+ to ! ,siam op9ion1 ,rahu :o also tries to dev\r ! sun dur+ e eclipse4 ,?is is compreh5sible because ?is ,rahu has always be5 repres5t$ z a head only1 & aft] t 8 body sev]$ f 8 head by ,vi%nu's tyakra1 _h fall5 into ! sea & p]i%$4 ,:5 ,i aft]w>ds communicat$ ?is explanation ( ! royal ,buddhi/ to ! memb]s ( ! ,mission ar*ologique de l',indo-,*9e1 ?is mission's director 7:o aft]w>ds became ! fir/ director ( ! cole franaise d',extrme ,ori5t71 ,mr4 ,l\is ,f9ot1 ! great indo-ar*aeologi/1 7ev5 accord+ to pr(essor ,k]n7 ?\ght ?is mon/]-head didn't repres5t ,rahu b ,g>ua1 ! de/roy] ( ! ngas4 ,& :5 ,i argu$ ,i _h always se5 ?is whana1 god ,vi%nu's rid+ animal or eagle1 repres5t$ z a bird or z man-bird provid$ ) w+s & claws or at lea/ ) ! beak ( a bird ( prey1 ! ,fr5*-,indian s*ol> assur$ me he did "k ,vi%nu's repres5tations seat$ on su* a mon/]-head only#bc4 ,x 0 ,i :o aft]w>ds f\nd su* g>ua-heads ) claws ( a bird ( prey 7) #c or sometimes #d front-toes74 ,z = ! re/ ,g>ua is ! deity's fai?ful s]vant1 &1 accord+ to ! ,buddhi/s ( ! nor!rn *ur*1 ,vi%nu mu/ h reveal$ himself 9 _! ,buddha = ! n9? "t4 ,he is also ! natural def5d] ( ?is *ur*1 & ! de/roy] ( its subt]ranean enemy4 ,9 ! =m ( ! ,javanese kris 7creese7 ,i f\nd1 = ab\t sev5 ye>s ago1 ! nga mo/ly adorn$ ) a proboscis & an elephant's lip :i* may be tak5 z an indisputable pro( ( ! tru? ( our idea ab\t ?is nga-symbol4 ,b we are /&+1 9 front ( ! ea/]n /aircase1 or be=e t :i* has rema9$ ( x4 ,illu/ration3 ,nor!rn /aircase ( ! ru9 ( ! ,brbudur1 ) ! gate lead+ f ! f\r? polygonal & surr\nd+ t]race to ! r\nd ones & ! high middle-dagob4 ,! only gate :i* has rema9$ intact1 ) ! ,g>ua-,nga ornam5t on its frontside4 ,ev5 ! beautiful bani/]s ris+ f above1 out ( a mon/]'s mule1 & end+ 9 a nga-head ) trunk curl$ up1 are no m to be se5#bd4 ,eight high /eps lead u to ! fir/ gall]y4 ,! v fir/ ?+ we see is t ! two walls are hewn ) two s]ies ( imag]ies ri*ly fram$1 & plac$ above ea* o!r1 :il/ x is cle> to be se5 t ?is mu/ h be5 done aft] t ^! walls _h be5 run up f _! comb9ation ( /one-blocks1 & t an un9t]rupt$ b& ( exquisite fe/oons has be5 affix$ above ^! sculptures "u ! cornice ( ! back-wall4 ,because ( _! hav+ be5 modell$ 9 relief /yle all ^! sculptures are !re=e no basso b alto-relievoes4 ,! upp] s]ies ( ! front wall cov]s ! some:at decl9+ back p>ts ( ! m5tion$ ni*e- & dagob temples4 ,on ! back wall we see simil> temple-gr\ps1 b all ( !m1 ev5 ! small ni*e-temples1 are cr[n$ ) dagobs & cones4 ,! ?ree foll[+ & high] walls also c>ry su* temple-gr\ps1 & b5ea? ! cornices ( ! out]-walls we see a b& modifi$ = ea* wall1 b always beautifully ?\ght1 & =m$ ( elegant rosettes & guirl&es ) birds4 ,on ! five encircl+ walls ( ! ,brbudur we see no less ?an #dcb ni*es provid$ ) ,buddha-images we are go+ to speak ab\t aft]w>ds#be4 ,we n[ turn to ! left 9 ord] to beg9 our walk along ! sculptures ( ! upp] s]ies ( ! back-wall4 ,?is wall is ! only "o t has rema9$ almo/ :olly pres]v$1 %[+ u a comp>atively well expla9$ r[ ( foll[+ ev5ts :i* give u an idea ab\t ! life ( ! ,buddha ,siddhrta ,gautama1 ! ,%kyamuni1 f beg9n+ to end#bf4 ,out ( ^! #abj sculptures we c only give a sup]ficial description ( a few ( !m t h be5 expla9$ be/4 ,^? ( ! l[] s]ies & ( ! two r[s on ! front wall ( ?is gall]y1 & ! few r[s ( ! two walls ( ! ?ree foll[+ gall]ies we %all pass 9 sil5ce4 ,n yet all ( !m h be5 expla9$1 & _m a sculpture has be5 s badly damag$ t x doesn't seem possible to expla9 !m4 ,o!r ones are lo/ at all4 ,t :i* rema9$ well pres]v$ g5]ally repres5ts a wor%ip ( ! ,buddha1 ( dagobs or tyaityas1 ( bodhi-trees1 or p]haps ( diff]5t relics4 ,sometimes !y also %[ u a di/ribution ( vi&s1 or o!r pres5ts1 a prea*+1 a fable ab\t animals or a sc5e f ! =m] lives ( ! ,buddha z man or bea/1 or c]ta9 ,bodhisattvas or div9e pr$ecessors ( ! ,buddha1 ! ,r$eem] ( ?is _w#bg4 ,"s sculptures are likely to be m]e symbols4 ,=m]ly _! numb] am\nt$ to m ?an #bjjjbh4 ,let u beg9 our walk to ! left ( ! ea/]n /aircase 9 ord] to return to our />t+-po9t foll[+ ! c\rse ( ! sun ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e#bi1 go+ ?r\gh ! ,s\?1 ,we/ & ,nor?4 ,?is ord] ( succession regulat$ aft] ?is sun1 we always f9d back on ^! & o!r ,h9du ru9s2 m or less a witness ( ! nor!rn orig9 ( ,javanese ,buddhism#cj4 ,! ,siamese also foll[$ ?is direction1 & ma9ta9$ t a walk to ! "r ( ! ,buddha or ! dagob1 consequ5tly ) our left side turn$ to x1 w\ld %[ our ignorance or want ( respect4 ,= conv5i5ce' sake1 & 9 ord] to assi/ ! visitor 9 f9d+ ! few sculptures1 we %all always c\nt !m f ! prec$+ /aircase or f ! fir/ till ! n9? wall-angle1 & beg9 ) ! ea/]n /aircase4 ,! fir/ sc5es relate t :i* prec$$ ,buddha's life4 ,! f\r? sculpture ( ! s]ies 7,no4 #g ( ,wils5's pictures 9 ,dr4 ,leemans' "w71 or #a aft] ! fir/ angle1 may be1 accord+ to ,f\*]1 "s ( ! _m ,pratyeka-,buddhas#ca 9 ! p>k ( gazelles ne> ,bn>s1 &1 :5 a deity in=ms !m ! bir? on e>? ( a consummate ,buddha1 "o ( !m rises f 8 lotus-?rone 9 ord] to be burn$ by 8 own %9e & ascetic dilig5ce :5 sev5 elb[s high] 9 ! air4 ,! =m] explanation giv5 by ,leemans & myself1 accord+ to ,wils5's1 0 inaccurate4 ,fur!r t[>ds ! ,s\? we meet m ?an "o repres5tation ( ,buddha's p>5ts1 ! ,%kya k+ ( ,kapilava/u1 ,%udhdana1 & 8 fir/ wife ,my1 hon\r$ = ! com+ ev5t1 ! next bir? ( ! div9e son4 ,! twelf? 7#bc ,w4 ,l41 #a aft] ! f\r? angle7 is a symbolical indication ( ,buddha's desc5t f heav5 9 a palanqu9 mov$ on 9 ! air by cele/ials4 ,! ?irte5? 7#be ,w4 ,l41 #b aft] ! f\r? angle7 %[s u ,my asleep1 gu>d$ by female s]vants1 receiv+ ! ,buddha 9 a dream1 9 ! %ape ( a :ite elephant c>ri$ by lotus-cu%ions1 desc5d+ f heav5 into h] lap#cb4 ,! tw5ty-sev5? 7#ec ,w4 ,l4 eigh? angle1 #a7 %[s u ,my on h] j\rney to h] pat]nal home4 ,accord+ to "t-hon\r$ usage %e goes !re to wait = h] conf9em5t4 ,h[ev]1 %e doesn't come any f>!r ?an ,lumb9i g>d51 & ! foll[+ sculpture 7#ee ,w4 ,l4 angle n9e1 #a7 tells u h[ %e1 :ile /&+ !re "u a tree1 saw ! ,buddha born f h] side1 & h[ ! latt] imm$iately took sev5 /eps to ea* ( ! f\r zones ( heav51 & z _m /eps to ! z5i?1 & t z a sign ( 8 next au?ority ov] ! five p>ts ( ! _w#cc4 ,a ra9 ( lotus fl[]s falls ^u him1 & lotus-plants op5 !mselves "u 8 feet on ea* /ep he takes4 ,! cresc5t ( ! moon on ! h9d "p ( 8 head mu/ ref] to 8 heav5ly or p]haps pr9cely orig9#cd4 ,on ! foll[+ sculptures we see ! "y k+'s son1 mo/ times on 8 fa!r's knees1 hon\r$ by brahm9s & laym54 ,8 "m is no m to be se51 because %e 7z e ,buddha-"m7 di$ sev5 days aft] 8 bir?4 ,! ?irty-fir/ sculpture 7#fa ,w4 ,l41 #a aft] ! s\!rn /aircase7 may ref] to ! brahm9 :o p]ceives ! ,buddha-tok5s at ,siddhrta's body1 & pr$icts 8 next greatness2 h[ev]1 9 q ano!r s5se ?an ! k+ wi%es4 ,on #gg & #gi 7,w4 ,l41 angle two1 #e & #f7 we p]ceive simil> sc5es1 b ?is happ5s m aft] all4 ,! =ty-n9? 7#ig ,w4 ,l41 angle five1 #d7 on ! we/side sket*es u ,siddhrta's au?ority ov] o!rs1 & also z = manly /r5g?4 ,9 a w$d+ mat* 7svayamv>a7 he b5ds a b[ no o!r c b5d1 & s5ds 8 arr[ ?r\gh sev5 cocoa trees4 ,on ?is gr\nd he ga9s ! h& ( 8 c\s9 ,ra%od>a1 ! mo/ beautiful girl ( all ,%kya virg9s#ce4 ,f\r o!r sculptures ref] to ! f\r enc\nt]s outside ! palace1 :i*1 9 spite ( pat]nal precautions1 %[$ him life's mis]y4 ,:at !n w\ld be ! use ( ^! precautions to cele/ial be+s :o only reveal$ !mselves to him1 & to 8 equ]ry & guide 9 ord] to p]suade ! next ,buddha 9 giv+ up all worldly greatness & dome/ic happ9ess2 9 leav+ 8 fa!r & family1 & ga9+ /r5g? 9 a life ( retirem5t1 ( privation & expiation1 ( self-d5ial & self-comm& 9 ord] to f9i% 8 heav5ly task3 ! r$emption ( suff]+ mank9d6 ,outside ! ea/]n gate he fir/ comes across a decrepit grey-head 7#aaa ,w4 ,l41 #f aft] ! sev5? angle72 aft]w>ds1 on 8 drive f ! s\!rn gate1 he meets a sick "o 9 dea?-/ruggle 7#aac ,w4 ,l41 angle #h1 #a72 & :5 he f9ds himself outside ! we/]n entrance a corpse %[s him ! end ( life 7#aae ,w4 ,l41 angle n9e1 #a71 & f9ally1 outside ! nor!rn gate1 a m5dicant fri> or bhik%u tea*es him z h[ to ga9 ! victory ov] life & dea?1 & f9d peace by rul+ all c>nal desires 7#aag ,w4 ,l41 angle n9e1 #b74 ,on ! sixty-fir/ sculpture 7#aba ,w4 ,l41 #a aft] ! we/]n /aircase7 he discusses 8 resolution ) 8 disappo9t$ fa!r4 ,! sleep+ wat*m5 or s]vants ref] to ! night :i* passes on discuss+ ! subject4 ,on ! two foll[+ sculptures 7#abc & #abe ,w4 ,l41 #b & #c aft] ! /aircase7 he communicates 8 resolution to 8 wife 7or wives71 & 8 m$itat+ po/ure1 b also ! l>g] disc ( light cr[n+ ! high] seat ^u :i*1 among sleep+ wom5 & s]vants1 he is wat*+ ! la/ night1 all ?is speaks ( ! holy task ( life :i* raises him = ev] above 8 family4 ,! foll[+ sc5e 7#abg ,w4 ,l41 #a aft] ! fir/ angle7 tells u1 h[1 9 spite ( clos$ doors & sleep+ gate-keep]s1 he succe$s 9 leav+ h\se & home to beg9 abroad ! life ( a poor w&]] seat$ on ! noble sun-horse ,kan?aka4 ,! lotus-cu%ion c>ry+ him aga91 j z x happ5$ :5 he desc5d$ to e>?1 & :i*1 on ! next sculptures 7#abi ,w4 ,l41 #a aft] ! second corn]7 also c>ries ,kan?aka ?r\gh ! air1 speaks once m ( 8 heav5ly s5d+4 ,!n come ! leave-tak+s f 8 s]vant ,tyh&a 7#aca ,w4 ,l41 second angle1 #b71 & ! tak+ (f 8 pr9cely g>b 7#acc ,w4 ,l41 second angle1 #c71 8 hair-dress & weapons 7#ace ,w4 ,l41 second angle #d & foll[+ ones71 & %abbily clo!d 9 a hunt]'s skirt--8 fir/ c[l turn$ yell[ by long usage--he beg9s ! life ( ! ?9k+ ascetic ^: sanctify+ p[] we see cont9ually indicat$ by ! lotus-cu%ion & ! disc ( light4 ,mra1 ! wick$ _s ( d>kness1 va9ly tries to *eck him by (f]+ him ! dom9ion ov] ! f\r p>ts ( ! _w 7! ,ea/1 ,s\?1 ,we/1 & ,nor?7#cf4 ,f> f 8 native t[n ,siddhrta already began 8 new life :i* h5ce=? gave him claim to ! "n ( ! wise ,%kya 7,%kya-muni7#cg4 ,! foll[+ sculptures %[ u ! p5it5t clo!d z ,buddha ) ! urna & ! ti>a1 ! r+ ( hair on 8 =ehead1 & ! knot ( hair on 8 cre/1 ) ! lotus-cu%ion & disc ( ! sun wor%ipp$ by pr9ces & inf]ior p1 by prie/s & laym51 m51 wom5 & cele/ials4 ,on ! sev5ty-second sculpture 7#ada ,w4 ,l41 angle ?ree1 #a7 we see him ask = be+ in/ruct$ by ! wise brahm9 ,al>a :o is unable to tea* 8 wis] sup]ior#ch4 ,! ,%kya's sup]iority appe>s f 8 ,buddha po/ure & 8 lotus-?rone4 ,on ! n[ foll[+ "o #adc ,w4 ,l41 #a aft] ! f\r? angle we see him ne> ano!r wise p]son1 call$ ,udraka#ci1 & z ?is "o also turns out to be 8 inf]ior he leaves him accompani$ by five ( 8 ,udraka's disciples4 ,on ! foll[+ "o #ade ,w4 ,l41 #b aft] ! f\r? angle he approa*es ,raj>griha#dj1 ! capital ( ! empire ( ,magadha4 ,its k+ ,bimbisra & ! que5 come to visit him1 & (f] him half _! empire1 b ! ,bodhisattva doesn't seek = worldly greatness4 ,! two fir/ sc5es on ! nor? side #aea & #aec ,w4 ,l41 fif? angle1 #a & #b place him & 8 five foll[]s on ! banks ( a brook1 va9ly try+ to seek /r5g? = wisdom 9 a life ( ab/95ce & p5it5ce4 ,he !re=e breaks ) t life & ) 8 disciples1 :o wrongly suppose him an apo/ate & leave him alone to cont9ue else:]e _! lives ( p5it5ce4 ,six ye>s ( mis]y conv9c$ ! wise ,%kya t a s\nd _s c live 9 a s\nd body only4 ,! sculptor ( ^! sc5es incorrigibly hew$ ! disciples' dislike 9 _! ,ma/]'s *ang$ op9ion1 :i* is to be se5 9 _! spokesman's po/ure4 ,! h&s ( ?is man are a ma/]piece ( expression4 ,x w\ld be a loss nev] to be rem$i$ if ^! h&s 7 tak5 away1 :i*1 aft] all1 w\ld be ( no value to ! robb] because !y c't give back ! proportion to _! arms & bodies4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 is safe f ! rapaci\sness ( fooli% t\ri/s-compil]s4 ,! eighty-fir/ sculpture #afa ,w4 ,l41 angle sev51 #a tea*es u h[ ,sujt1 ! daught] ( a village headman1 takes c>e ( ! p5it5t1 almo/ dy+ f exhau/ion1 & h[ %e refre%es him ) nutritive milk4 ,we see an almo/ simil> repres5tation on ! eighty-f\r? sculpture #afg ,w4 ,l41 angle sev51 #d4 ,su* repetitions are m to be se51 ?\gh !y are r>e ones4 ,! ,%kya ,muni accompli%$ 8 purpose at la/4 ,he got all k1 & tru? became 8 p[]4 ,he has rip5$ to appe> z ,buddha1 ! ,enlight5$1 ! awak+ lum9>y cele/ial1 to come 9 ! _w wrapp$ 9 d>kness1 to tea* ! true doctr9e1 ! dh>ma1 & r$eem mank9d f s94 ,seat$ on a heap ( bulru%1 "u a fig-tree1 aft]w>ds sanctifi$ z ! tree ( k1 ! bodhidruma1 he fights 8 la/ fight aga9/ ! ,evil ,_s :i* he kn[s to conqu] once m2 & ! latt] budges f 8 side = ev]4 ,on ! n9ety-f\r? sculpture #ahg ,w4 ,l41 ! fir/ aft] ! fir/ angle aft] ! we/]n /aircase we see h[ ! weapons ( demons or false deities fall ^u him z h>mless fl[]s4 ,a second & l>g] disc speaks ( 8 increas+ p[]1 ! magnific5ce ( ! sun ris+ 9 full glory4 ,! foll[+ sculpture 7#ahi ,w ,l41 aft] ! second angle7 tells u h[ ,mra tries to conqu] him by ! *>m+ness ( 8 daught]s1 ! aps>asas 7! rosy morn+-mi/s7 7,k]n74 ,b ?\gh "o ( ^! nymphs adopts ! %ape ( ,ya%d>1 ,rhula-mata 7! "m ( ,rhula1 ,siddhrta's son71 he h5ce=? lives a life ( love highly b5eficial to all be+s4 ,tea*+ & hon\r$ he goes to ,ban>as 7,bn>s7 su* z ! la/ sculptures on ! nor? side w %[ u4 ,on ! "o hundr$ & sev5te5? 7#bcc ,w4 ,l41 eigh? angle1 #a7 he proclaims tru? to ! five disciples f\nd back1 & n[ = ev] 8 fai?ful foll[]s & fir/ apo/les#da4 ,! ?ree la/ sculptures ( ! :ole s]ies :i* br+ u back aga9 to our />t+-po9t ne> ! ea/]n /aircase1 speak ( ,buddha's greatness1 b don't ref] to 8 j\rney to ! native-t[n & to ! reclaim+ ( fa!r & son1 ( 8 wife & /ep-"m1 ! fir/ buddhi/ic nuns4 ,! la/ sculpture b "o 7#bcg ,w4 ,l41 #b aft] ! n9? & la/ angle7 speaks ( 8 dea?1 = ! wa%+ ( 8 corpse hewn !re1 may only apply to 8 dea?1 ?\gh ! sitt+ po/ure ( ! dead "o may seem 9 flat defiance ( ?is4#db ,b ?is po/ure on ! lotus-?rone1 ) 8 two h&s 9 8 lap1 is ! po/ure ( m$itation or p]fect re/ suit+ ! nirvna :i* is also ! po/ure ( ! f\r? ,dhyni-buddha1 ,amitbha1 hewn on ! f\r l[]-walls & dom9at+ !re ! ,we/1 opposite to ! sett+ sun speak+ 9 a symbolical s5se ( ! f9i%$ task ( life4 ,beh9d ! dead "o we see /& two monks p\r+ _! vases to purify ! corpse be=e ! cremation w make an end to 8 mat]ial exi/5ce4 ,on ! la/ sculpture 7#bci ,w4 ,l41 #c aft] ! la/ angle7 ! ,buddha ?rones 9 ! v same po/ure1 z ! glorification ( dea?1 z ! immortal ,talhgata :o1 9 spite ( 8 mat]ial dea?1 cont9ues to live 9 8 holy doctr9e1 & :o c nev] die z su*4 ,t ! /udy ( ,f\*]'s "w c\ld also assi/ me 9 f9d+ ! s5se ( "s o!r n compreh5d$ sculptures may appe> f ! #e? panel aft] ! #g? angle pa/ ! ea/]n /aircase1 :i* %[s u ! kill+ ( ,siddhrta's elephant by 8 angry nephew ,d]vadatta4 ,,viii4 ,:51 = m ?an ?irty ye>s ago1 ,i began to /udy ! maje/ic ru91 ,i ?\ght 7l ,i aft]w>ds wrote#dc 9 my fir/ essay ab\t ! ,brbudur7 _m o!r imag]ies1 at lea/ ^? ( ! und]mo/ s]ies ( ! back wall1 & ^? ( ! upp]mo/ r[ on ! front wall ( ?is fir/ gall]y1 to be ! repres5tations ( ,buddha's =m] lives1 ( ! jtakas ( ! man hon\r$ by all ! ,buddhi/s ( ! nor!rn & ! s\!rn *ur* z ! ,r$eem] ( ?is _w1 ! ,dhyni-,buddha ( ! ,mahyni/s1 = ! la/ "t re9c>nat$ = ab\t #be c5turies ago1 & :o enjoy$ ! re/ ( ! nirvna aft] hav+ f9i%$ 8 heav5ly task1 b 9 ord] to reveal himself once m to a future _w1 t is1 z ! ,r$eem] ( n yet exi/+ be+s4 ,:5 9 ,july #ahif ,i att5d$ ! k+ ( ,siam = ?ree days on 8 j\rney to ! ru9s1 ?is royal ,buddhi/ express$ ! same supposition1 especially ) reg>d to ! l[] s]ies on ! back wall ( ?is fir/ gall]y4 ,b ,i c\ld n possibly /udy ^! jtakas z long z ,i didn't "k any translation ( ! orig9al sanscrit- or pli text#dd 9 "o ( ! languages kn[n to me4 ,9 #ahic pr(essor ,j4 ,s4 ,spey] publi%$ 9 ! 8,bydrag5 van 't ,kon9klijk ,in/ituut0 an ,engli% translation ( #cd ( ^! leg5ds d]iv$ f a sanscrit manuscript1 ! s-call$ ,jtakamla or ! wrea? ( bir? /ories#de4 ,& 9 ! same 8,bijdrag501 b 9 ^? ( #ahig1 pr(essor ,k]n gave a translation ( an essay :i* _h appe>$ f ! h& ( ! ,russian ,ori5tali/ ,s]gius ,e4 ,old5burg--z f> z x conc]n$ ! ,brbudur--:o discuss$ ! repres5tations ( a few jtakas on diff]5t monum5ts :]eas ,dr4 ,k]n _h be5 s k9d z to in=m me ( !m by lett]4 ,x !re=e became possible = me to recognise 9 ! two m5tion$ s]ies "s ( ! leg5ds treat$ 9 ,spey]'s ,jtakaml1 & moreov]1 %[ "s o!r ones else:]e4 ,& five ye>s ago ,spey] gave at l5g? a full acc\nt ( ! ,maitrakanyaka leg5d sup]ficially treat$ by ,old5burg1 & hewn on six sculptures ( ! l[] s]ies on ! back wall4 ,old5burg h[ev]1 _h only m5tion$ five ( !m4 ,9 ,novemb] #ahii ,i visit$ ! ,brbudur 9 ord] to exam9e all ^! sculptures "o by "o1 t is1 9 z mu* z !y /ill exi/$ & _h n be5 lo/ or damag$1 or no m to be recogniz$ s9ce ! engrav+s /udi$ by ,old5burg _h be5 drawn 9 ,leemans' "w4 ,x is a pity t ^! draw+s are n exactly true ones1 & n to be reli$ ^u1 b we %all aft]w>ds speak ab\t !m4 ,z %ort z possible ,i %all successively treat ^! sculptures1 m5tion+ aga9 _! numb]s !y ref] to :5 c\nt$ f ! prec$+ /aircase1 & aft]w>ds f ! fir/ till ! n9? re5t]+ or project+ wall angle1 & beg9 aga9 f ! ea/]n /aircase1 & walk t[>ds ! ,s\?4 ,do+ ?is ,i'll h to c\nt 9 ! disappe>$ & consequ5tly miss+ sculptures--& _m ( !m h be5 lo/ on ! front wall--1 because o!rwise ! numb]s aft] ea* new loss w\ld become q wor?less4 ,corn]-sculptures are ^? :i* occupy ! two sides ( a wall angle1 9 ,leemans' engrav+s divid$ 9 two by a p]p5dicul> l9e4 ,let u beg9 ) ! upp] s]ies on ! front wall aft] ! ea/]n /aircase4 ,second corn]1 #c1 #d & #e 7,w4 ,l41 #af1 #ag1 & #ah47df4 ,! ,"l once liv$ z a ri* man :o did mu* good4 ,"o day ris+ f table to fill ! begg>'s bag ( a monk1 ,mra1 ! ,evil ,_s1 op5$ a precipice be=e 8 feet :]e9 he saw hell flam+4 ,b ! ,"l /eps ?r\gh ?is precipice1 rema9s un9jur$1 & favors ! monk1 9 reality a ,pratyka-,buddha1 a heav5ly sa9t1 ) a gift & ! latt] aft]w>ds disappe>s 9 a brilliant cl\d4 ,on #c we see ! b5efactor ) 8 gifts1 on #d he /eps ?r\gh hell1 & on #e ! monk asc5ds to heav54 ,hell is repres5t$ "h by condemn$ p]sons 9 a cauldron ) boil+ cont5ts4 ,second corn] #aa & #ab 7,w4 ,l4 #bd & #be74 ,! ,bodhisattva once liv$ z a h>e 9 a wild]ness frequ5t$ by _m h]mits4 ,h] au?ority ov] all o!r animals 0 hon\r$ ev5 9 heav54 ,9 ord] to put h] to ! te/1 ,indra1 ! god1 desc5ds to h] 9 ! %ape ( an exhau/$ travell]4 ,an ott] br+s him fi%1 a jackal pres5ts him ) a liz>d & a cup ( s\r milk 7left beh9d by ano!r travell]71 & a monkey favors him ) juicy fruit to refre% ! man4 ,b ! h>e :o c\ld give no?+ else b bitt] grass flung h]self into a fire 7burn$ by ,indra's w7 9 ord] to be tak5 by ! poor man z roa/$ food4 ,b n[ ,indra %[s himself aga9 9 8 div9e %ape1 saves ! h>e out ( ! flames1 & c>ries h] to heav5 9 ord] to adorn 8 own palace1 & t ( ! dvas1 & also ! moon1 ) ! h>e's picture#dg4 ,on #aa ! animals c>ry _! pres5ts to ,indra1 & on #ab ! h>e is go+ to fl+ h]self into ! fire4 ,second corn]1 #ah1 ! corn]-sculpture & #a & #b aft] ! ?ird corn] 7,w4 ,l41 #ca1 #cb1 #cc & #cd74 ,! ,"l z a k+ ( a happy p4 ,five yak%as 7demons71 expell$ f ,kuv]a's k+dom1 ! subt]ranean god ( ri*es1 come to tempt him 9 ord] to ru9 him4 ,!y ask him = a good meal1 b refuse ! be/ ?+s ! k+ (f]s !m1 & dem& human blood & human fle%4 ,! ,"l doesn't wi% to let !m g unsatisfi$1 b he is n incl9$ to sacrifice "o ( 8 subjects1 & !re=e (f]s !m 8 own blood & fle% 9 spite ( 8 m9i/]s' & c\rti]s' resi/ance4 ,! demons reclaim !mselves & ackn[l$ge ! k+'s hol9ess1 he !n admoni%es !m n to d wrong 9 future1 b only t :i* is good 7also1 among o!rs1 to leave (f dr9k+ intoxicants74 ,indra desc5ds f heav5 to praise ! ,"l & to close 8 w\nds4 ,on #ah & on ! corn]-sculpture ! yak%as come across a h]d :o praises ! k+'s virtues4 ,on #a & #b we see !m ne> ! k+4 ,^! five yak%as 7 aft]w>ds re9c>nat$ m51 & became ! fir/ disciples :o foll[$ & left aga9 ! ,%akya-muni 9 ord] to jo9 ! ,buddha once m1 & to become 8 fir/ apo/les#dh4 ,f\r? corn]1 #c1 #d & #e 7,w4 ,l4 #cg1 #ch & #ci74 ,n[ ! ,buddha ( aft] life 0 k+ ,samjaya's son & h]$it>y pr9ce4 ,"o day1 rid+ 8 :ite elephant1 he met ) "s brahm9s :o ask$ him1 9 ! "n ( _! k+1 = ! elephant4 ,he dism\nts & gives !m ! noble animal4 ,on acc\nt ( ?is fooli% de$ he saw himself driv5 away by 8 fa!r :o act$ at ! in/igation ( 8 7! fa!r's7 c\rti]s4 ,he m\nts 8 c>riage accompani$ by ,madr1 8 wife1 & _! two *ildr51 & !n sets (f4 ,once m "s brahm9s come to ask him = 8 f9e horses4 ,! pr9ce gives 8 cons5t1 & puts himself be=e ! c>riage4 ,ano!r brahm9 appe>s n[1 & dem&s ?is c>riage2 ,madr & ! *ildr5 get out1 & ! pr9ce takes 8 little son on 81 & ! "m takes _! little daught] on h] arm to cont9ue _! j\rney afoot4 ,trees b5d _! bran*es 9 homage1 lotus-ponds refre%1 & cl\ds ov]%ad[ !m1 & s !y rea* _! place ( exile :]e !y f9d a tab]nacle built = !m by ,indra4 ,"o day1 :5 ,madr f\nd h]self 9 ! wood to seek = roots & fruit = _! meal1 !re came a brahm9 dem&+ f h] husb& ! two little ones 9 ord] to lead !m away z b\nd slaves4 ,an e>?-quake calls ,indra's att5tion1 & :5 ! deity he>s ! cause ( ?is he also comes1 z a brahm91 to ! n[ *ildless fa!r1 & claims ! latt]'s wife1 ! disconsolate "m4 ,b z ! pr9ce is also incl9$ to comply ) ?is dem& ( 81 ,indra reveals himself & gives him back all t :i* he lo/4 ,ev5 8 place at 8 fa!r's c\rt4 ,on #c we see him c$e 8 elephant1 & ! *ildr5 h be5 hewn on #d4 ,on #e ! yak%as conduct ! pr9cely c>riage aft] hav+ put out ! horses4 ,fif? corn]1 #a1 #b1 #c & #d ,w4 ,l41 #dh1 #di1 #ej & #ea4 ,"t 0 :5 ! ,"l himself 0 a k+ to :om "o ( 8 subjects (f]$ 8 mo/ beautiful daught]4 ,at ! advice ( 8 c\rti]s s5t to h]1 fe>+ t ! k+ w\ld become crazy ( love = su* an /rik+ly beautiful woman1 he decl9es ! (f] aft] :i* %e m>ries "o ( 8 (ficials4 ,"o day tak+ a drive ! k+ saw h]1 & took a passionate love to h]4 ,on 8 be+ in=m$ t %e _h already ent]$ ^u m>riage he controls 8 passions1 & ev5 refuses to get h] f ! h&s ( h] own husb&1 because he places 8 feel+s ( ju/ice above 8 p]sonal happ9ess4 ,on #a ! (f] is be+ deliv]$ to ! k+2 on #b 8 mess5g]s visit ! virg92 on #c !y give ! pr9ce a full acc\nt ( ! /ate ( ?+s1 & on #d ! k+ meets h] himself4 ,fif? corn]4 #e ,w4 ,l41 #eb4 ,z a retir$ old sailor ! ,"l1 ?\gh almo/ bl9d1 all[$ himself to be ga9$ into emb>k+ = a comm]cial j\rney 9 ord] to assure ! %ip a safe voyage4 ,a heavy /orm flung ! %ip f> away1 & ?r\gh unkn[n seas till ne> ! end ( ! _w4 ,return aga9 0 impossible & _! ru9 seem$ to be inevitable4 ,"o means only c\ld save !m1 & !y pray$ ! deities = help = ! sake ( ! ,"l's spotless virtue & love ( tru?4 ,& ?is succe$$4 ,! /orm abat$1 & !y c\ld return to ! h>b\r4 ,on _! j\rney home ?r\gh an em]ald-gre5 sea1 ! bl9d sailor1 see+ ) ! eyes ( o!r pass5g]s1 told !m to pull up s& & /ones f ! bottom ( ! sea1 & take !m on bo>d by way ( balla/4 ,on _! arrival into ! h>b\r ?is appe>$ to be preci\s /ones & jewels4 ,! only rema9$ sculpture %[s u ! m]*ants ) _! %ip on ! op5 sea4 ,fif? corn]1 #i & #aj ,w4 ,l41 #ef & #eg4 ,we "h see ! ,"l z a fi% obey$ by all o!r fi%es ( ! lake4 ,because ( want ( ra9 ?is lake once dri$ up1 & became a little pool 9 :i* ! fi% didn't "k any means to escape f ! birds ( prey4 ,! ,bodhisattva pray$ ,indra = ra9 z a rew>d = 8 true virtue1 & ! deity himself came to him1 & x ra9$ z fa/ z x c\ld p\r1 & ,indra promis$ t ! v same spot w\ld be nev] tri$ aga9 by su* a plague4 ,! fir/ sculpture repres5ts ! fi%es 9 ! lake be=e1 & ! o!r "o1 aft] ! ra94 ,fif? corn]1 #aa ,w4 ,l4 #eh4 ,a "y sp>r[--x 0 ! ,bodhisattva--:o despis$ all little worms & insects--0 outdi/anc$ by ! o!r "y ( ! pat]nal ne/4 ,:5 on ! occasion ( a =e/-fire all o!r animals fl$ away he only rema9$ beh9d1 because he c\ld n fly4 ,pray+ he knew to p]suade ! fire-god ,agni into go+ (f4 ,s9ce t day e =e/-fire di$ out on ?is spot4 ,we see ! "y sp>r[ on ! ne/ :il/ ! o!r birds fly away 9 all directions1 & :ile all o!r animals give way = ! fire4 ,fif? corn]1 #ab ,w4 ,l4 #ei4 ,x once happ5$ t ! ,"l desc5d$ f heav5 9 ! %ape ( ,indra#di 9 ord] to conv]t a k+1 ,s>vamitra1 :o daily drank too mu* /rong liquor ) 8 c\rti]s4 ,z a brahm9 ,indra n[ (f]s ! k+ a bottle ( sra prais+ ! p]nici\s prop]ties ( ?is dr9k 9 s eloqu5t a mann] t ! pr9ce r5d]s homage to ! prea*] z a guru 7tea*]71 aft] :i* ! latt] admoni%es him to fe> dr9k+ t he might aft]w>ds live ) him 9 heav54 ,! sculpture ne$s no fur!r int]pretation4 ,sev5? corn]1 #c1 #d1 #e & #f 7,w4 ,l4 #fe1 #ff1 #fg & #fh74 ,9 ! primeval =e/ ! ,"l once liv$1 z a brahm91 a life ( sev]e p5it5ce ) six bro!rs & "o si/]4 ,only e fif? day !y came toge!r 9 8 hut to he> him proclaim ! doctr9e4 ,z = ! re/ !y didn't see ea* o!r4 ,e day _! two s]vants put ! eight portions ( lotus-/ems on ! leaves ( ! lotus1 & accord+ to _! age !y came "o by "o to fet* _! sob] meal 9 ord] to take x 9 _! own hut4 ,indra1 putt+ ! ,bodhisattva to ! te/1 took away ! fir/ portion dur+ five foll[+ days s t ! ,"l 0 oblig$ to fa/4 ,on ! next s]vice ! o!rs assembl$ aga91 & saw h[ _! bro!r _h gr[n ?94 ,be+ in=m$ ( ! cause ( x ev]yone wi%$ ! ?ief to be puni%$ 9 a fitt+ mann]1 & ev5 ?ree /range auditors1 a yak%a1 an elephant1 & a monkey curs$ ! ?ief1 e "o ( !m 9 8 own mann]4 ,! ,"l1 return+ good = evil1 hopes t ?is "o & ! o!r t suspect$ "o ( !m1 wrongly p]haps1 may live to see all 8 wi%es fulfill$4 ,b !n ,indra comes1 & accus+ himself he says :y he did s--& humbles himself be=e ! ,"l :om he wi%es to s]ve z 8 sup]ior4 ,on #c & #d we see ! h]mits 9 ! wood4 ,on #e is to be se5 ! lotus-pond ) ! s]vants seek+ = leaves & /ems1 & on #f we see ,indra humbl+ himself be=e ! ,"l4#ej ,sev5? corn]1 #aa1 #ab & #ac ,w4 ,l4 #gc1 #gd & #ge4 ,ano!r "t ! ,"l1 a ri* brahm91 left ev]y?+ he possess$1 & accompani$ by 8 wife1 :o didn't wi% to leave him1 he w5t to ! woods to live !re a h]mit's life4 ,!re !y 7 f\nd by ! k+ :o came 9 ?is region to *ase1 & t\*$ z he 0 by ! woman's beauty he ord]$ h] to be kidnapp$ & c>ri$ away to 8 z5ana4 ,9 spite ( h] cry = help h] husb& doesn't oppose himself aga9/ ?is robb]y1 & :5 ! k+ asks him :y he does n ! brahm9 answ]s ) an oration ab\t ! virtue ( self-comm&1 & he !re=e compels ! k+ to hon\r him z an ascetic & to ask 8 p>don4 ,on #aa we see ! brahm9 & 8 wife on _! way to ! wood2 on #ab ! hunt+ k+1 & on #ac ! woman's abduction4 ,sev5? corn]1 #ae1 #af1 & #ag & ! eigh? corn]1 #a 7,w4 ,l41 #gg1 #gh1 #gi & #ha74 ,9 ! lake ( ,mnasa ! ,bodhisattva once rul$ z a k+ ov] _m hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( swans1 & 0 assi/$ by 8 vic]oy ,sumukha4 ,_! praise s\nd$ till ! c\rt ( ! k+ ( ,bn>s :o desir$ to meet ! two swans4 ,he !re=e ord]$ ano!r lake to be made 9 ! neighb\rhood ( 8 c\rt-capital :i* 0 mu* m beautiful ?an ! fir/ m5tion$1 & promulgat$ ev]y:]e t he %\ld gu>antee ! safety ( all birds :o came to visit ! new lake4 ,! swans ( ,mnasa w5t !re 9 spite ( _! rul]'s objections1 & s ! ,"l himself 0 oblig$ to foll[ !m4 ,%ortly aft] he saw himself caught by ! k+'s hunt]1 & all o!r swans flew away ) ! exception ( ,sumukha h[ev]1 :o w\ld n leave ! ,"l4 ,! bonds :i* ti$ him to 8 k+ 7 /rong] ?an ^? :i* kept ! k+ 9 8 trap1 he said1 & he dem&$ ! hunt] to b9d him fir/1 & aft]w>ds release 8 ma/]4 ,?is t\*$ ! hunt] & releas+ bo? ( !m ! ,"l n[ reque/s him to speak ) ! k+ to p]suade ! latt] n to puni%1 b to rew>d 8 hunt]4 ,?is happ5s1 & ! k+ (f]s ri* pres5ts to ! two swans !y decl9e1 & n[ all ! swans return to _! lake4 ,?is lake ) ! swans has be5 hewn on #ae4 ,on #af ! k+ is in=m$ ( ^! birds4 ,on #ag we see h[ ! ,"l is caught :il/ all ! o!r swans fly away ) ! exception ( "o ( !m4 ,! foll[+ sculpture aft] ! eigh? corn]1 :i* repres5ts ! meet+ ) ! k+1 is almo/ :olly lo/1 ! o!r "o is lo/ at all4 ,n9? corn]1 #e1 #f1 #g & #h ,w4 ,l41 #ij1 #ia1 #ib & #ic4 ,ano!r k+ once pursu$ a %>abha a /rong k9d ( /ag1 & fell f 8 horse into a cleft ov] :i* ! wild bea/ _h easily jump$1 b be=e :i* ! horse />t$ back 9 full run4 ,! %>abha desc5ds into ! cleft 9 ord] to rescue ! fall5 man1 & help him on 8 way home aft] hav+ admoni%$ him to p]sev]e 9 all pr9cely virtues4 ,! *as+ k+ we see on #e2 on #f ! hunt] /&s on ! br9k ( ! cleft1 on #g we see ! /ag ! ,"l run to assi/ ! fall5 man1 & on #h ! latt] bids 8 rescu] f>ewell4 ,s\!rn /aircase1 #b1 #c1 #d & #e ,w4 ,l4 #ie1 #if1 #ig & #ih4 ,9 ano!r life ! ,ma/] rul$ z a ruru ano!r k9d ( /ag ov] all o!r wild animals4 ,"o day he rescu$ a travell] out ( a swoll5 m\nta9-/ream1 & = 8 only rew>d he wi%$ ! sav$ man to be sil5t ab\t ! ev5t4 ,n[ ! que51 ^: dreams _h nev] turn$ out to be false ones1 _h dream$ ( a /ag :o prea*$ ! doctr9e sitt+ on a ?rone4 ,! k+ !re=e (f]$ a ri* rew>d to him :o c\ld %[ him ?is miracle ( an animal4 ,! dr[n$ p]son 0 a poor fell[1 & break+ 8 promise1 he l$ ! k+ into ! wood & %[$ him ! ruru1 b do+ ?is ! h& :i* _h s]v$ him to indicate ! animal1 fell f 8 arm z if x _h be5 cut by a sword4 ,! /ag n[ ask$ ! k+ :o _h conduct$ him !re1 ! pr9ce m5tions 8 guide's "n1 & :5 ! ruru recognises & reproa*es him 8 brea* ( fai?1 & :il/ ! k+ has ! int5tion to %oot at ! man1 ! noble animal sues ! weak man's m]cy :o _h by 8 own fault recklessly lo/ 8 welf>e 9 ?is1 & 9 a future _w4 ,! k+ p>dons ! guilty "o & conducts ! /ag to 8 palace1 & ?ron+ !re ! ruru prea*es ! law ( love be=e ! :ole c\rt4 ,! animals 9 ! wood h be5 hewn on #b2 on #c ! dr[n$ p]son is rescu$2 ! k+ meets ! /ag on #d1 & ! prea*+ /ag has be5 hewn on ! #e? sculpture4 ,s\!rn /aircase1 #f1 #g1 #h & #i ,w4 ,l4 #ii1 #aja1 #ajb & #ajc4 ,! ,buddha ( aft] life once rul$ z k+ ov] a troop ( monkeys 9 ! ,himlaya4 ,!y liv$ 9 a fig-tree1 abundant ) fruit1 situat$ on ! bank ( a brook4 ,9 ord] n to make ! tree kn[n by its delici\s fruit ! k+ ord]$ 8 p n to h a s+le fruit rip5$ on ! bran*es :i* hung ov] ! wat]4 ,once ^u a day su* a fruit unp]ceiv$ly rip5$ fell into ! /ream1 & drove away to an op5 spot 9 ! wood1 :]e ! k+ & 8 wives 7 fi%+4 ,nev] be=e _h ! pr9ce se5 or ta/$ su* a f9e & nice fruit1 & s he w5t up-/ream to look = ! tree4 ,see+ ! _m monkeys he told 8 hunt]s to drive !m away4 ,b 9 ord] to take to flight ! animals _h to risk a leap no "o b _! rul] only v5tur$ to und]take4 ,he jumps1 rea*es ! m\nta9-slope situat$ on ! o!r side1 & seeks !re = a long bambu :i* enables him to return to ! tree4 ,arm$ ) ?is he =ms ) 8 own body a bridge ov] :i* all ! monkeys "k to escape at ! co/ ( ! ,"l :o sees 8 sk9 torn to bloody pieces by ! monkeys' toes4 ,?is happ5s to ! a/oni%m5t ( ! hunt]s :o n[ cat* up ! swoon+ k+ ( monkeys1 & lay him ^u a b$ ( leaves4 ,he soon came to1 & :5 ! k+ int]rogates him ! ,"l answ]s t he did 8 duty1 because a pr9ce %\ld s]ve 8 subjects1 & n let himself s]v$ by !m4 ,on ! #f? & #g? sculpture ! k+ accepts ! fig1 on #h he & 8 hunt]s g 9 se>* ( ! tree1 & on #i has be5 hewn ! wond]ful escape ( ! monkeys4 ,s\!rn /aircase1 #aj & ! corn]-sculpture ( ! fir/ angle ,w4 ,l4 #ajc & #ajd4 ,! ,"l once liv$ 9 a wood z an ascetic & taught pati5ce to all :o visit$ him4 ,x !n came to pass t ! k+ & 8 wives came into ?is wood to amuse !mselves1 & :ile ! latt] took a ba? 9 a brook1 :i* ran !re1 ! =m] fell asleep4 ,awak+ he didn't see !m any m4 ,!y _h /ray$ to ! h]mit & li/5$ to 8 prea*+4 ,! k+ f\nd !m !re1 & angrily call$ ! prea*] a li>1 & m5ac$ him ) 8 sword4 ,! wise man h[ev]1 rema9$ calm1 & ! k+1 embitt]$ z he 0 by 8 wives' supplications1 came up to ! pi\s tea*]1 & cut 8 h&s1 e>s1 nose & feet4 ,! m>tyr1 :o only fe>$ t ! k+ c\ld be said to h kill$ an innoc5t p]son1 suff]$ mu* m f 8 sorr[ = ! k+'s fall ?an f 8 own w\nds1 b :5 ! evildo] left ! dy+ man he saw ! gr\nd op5+ itself be=e him1 & fell into ! flam+ dep?4 ,! fright5$ c\rti]s ?\ght t ! prea*] himself _h puni%$ _! ma/]1 & !y ask$ = m]cy1 & dy+ ! poor man bless$ !m1 & also ! murd]] ^: ru9 _h rema9$ unkn[n to him4 ,on #aj we see ! k+ asleep1 on ! corn]-sculpture we see him g (f to seek = 8 wives4 ,i suppose ! fir/ & #bnd sculpture beh9d ! corn] ,w4 ,l4 #aje & #ajf ref]s to ! wid[s on _! way home4 ,second corn]1 #e ,w4 ,l41 #aaa4 ,?is sculpture br+s u aga9 9 ! pres5ce ( a k+1 ! unbeliev+ pr9ce ( ,videha1 :o liv$ a life ( unju/ice r5\nc+ all virtues4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 ! ,"l liv$ z a dev>%i a wise "o among ! cele/ials 9 ! ,brahmloka1 & desc5d$ to e>? to conv]t ! unbeliev+ rul]4 ,z sure--he says--z ?is life has be5 prec$$ by o!r lives !re w once come o!r future lives4 ,he !n speaks ab\t ! tortures ( hell :i* fall to ! evil-do] & unbeliev] :5 he doesn't m5d 8 life1 & 444 ! k+ ackn[l$ges t he is 9 ! "r1 & bids ! ,"l to lead him h5ce=? on ! "r pa?#ea4 ,! sculpture ne$ no fur!r explication4 ,second corn]1 #f1 #g1 #h & #i ,w4 ,l41 #aab1 #aac1 #aad & #aae4 ,sev5 hundr$ a/ray$ & exhau/$ travell]s meet on _! way an elephant1 ! ,bodhisattva4 ,!y _h be5 expell$ f _! c\ntry ) #cjj o!rs :o _h di$ on ! way4 ,by means ( 8 trunk ! elephant %[s !m ! way to a /ream :]e to qu5* _! ?ir/ & ne> :i* !y w f9d a dead elephant ^: meat w fe$ !m4 ,along a %ort] cut he spe$s to ! indicat$ spot1 runs headlong into ! bottom ( a rav9e & 0 sma%$4 ,x is on ?is spot t ! hungry w&]]s f9d 8 dead body1 & angels desc5d f heav5 to s+ 8 praise4 ,on #f ! exiles come across ! elephant2 on #g we see !m on _! way to ! place po9t$ out to !m2 on #h ! elephant is ready to fall into ! precipice1 & on #i ! sav$ ones wor%ip ! a%es ( _! rescu]4 ,i suppose ?is homage to ! a%es clos$ 9 a tyaitya1 z if x 7 to indicate a prec$+ cremation1 %\ld be tak5 9 a symbolical s5se only4 ,second corn]1 #aj1 #aa1 #ab & #ac ,w4 ,l41 #aaf1 #aag1 #aah & #aai4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ important jtakas4 ,z ,sutasoma1 a k+'s son1 ! ,bodhisattva 0 once walk+ ) 8 wives 9 ! g>d5 ( 8 palace :5 !re ent]$ a brahm9 :om !y invit$ to deliv] a h>angue ab\t virtue4 ,?is h>angue 0 unexpect$ly int]rupt$ by ! arrival ( a mon/] :o put all ( !m to flight1 t is1 ) ! exception ( ! pr9ce himself4 ,ano!r k+ _h =m]ly procreat$ ?is mon/] by a lioness2 mo/ times he liv$ ( human fle% only4 ,p]secut$ z he 0 by 8 own subjects aft] 8 fa!r's dea? he call$ 9 ! aid ( ! demons & promis$ !m a sacrifice ( "o hundr$ k+'s sons4 ,he n[ came to c>ry (f ,sutasoma to add him to ! pr9ces he already appreh5d$4 ,sutasoma resolves to foll[ ! lion's son 9 ord] to conv]t him & to rescue ! imprison$ pr9ces4 ,b on 8 arriv+ at ! d5 ( ! viol5t mon/] he rememb]s t he left ! brahm9 unrew>d$1 & t he hasn't :olly he>d ! latt]'s prea*+1 & s he asks = p]mission to d t :i* he neglect$2 aft]w>ds ! man-eat] c\ld dispose ( him4 ,! latt] :o has already ga!r$ 8 #ajj pr9ces aft] all1 releases 8 prison] hop+ to rejoice aft]w>ds at ! man's fall z a p]son false to 8 ^w4 ,b aft] hav+ he>d & pres5t$ ! brahm9 ) gifts ,sutasoma returns to ! lion's son 9 spite ( 8 p>5ts' & wives' supplications4 ,has n ! lion's son become 8 b5efactor by all[+ him to d 8 duty8 ,on ?is gr\nd he has a "r to 8 commis]ation & to be releas$ f ! curse re/+ on him by bir?4 ,& :5 ! a/oni%$ robb] asks him :at ?is brahm9 did say ! pr9ce deliv]s s eloqu5t a h>angue ab\t law t ! lion-man conv]ts himself & puts all 8 prison]s at lib]ty to foll[ !m to ,sutasoma's resid5ce4 ,on #aj we see ! pr9ce ) ! brahm92 on #aa ! =m] is c>ri$ away by ! robb]2 #ab ref]s to ! cont9uation ( ! prea*+1 & on #ac has be5 hewn ! reclaim+ ( ! lion-man4 ,second corn]1 #ad1 #af & #ag ?ird corn]1 #b 7,w4 ,l4 #abj1 #abb1 #abc & #abg74 ,once ^u a day ! ,"l 0 born z ! son ( a k+ ^: eld] sons _h di$ "y4 ,9 ord] to )draw him f ! influ5ce ( ! demons ! newborn son 0 educat$ 9 an iron h\se 7ayogriha74 ,once driv+ ?r\gh ! resid5ce ! "y man saw mu* t set him ?9k+2 he saw h[ old age1 sickness & dea? ?reat5$ ev]yone :ile /orms1 inundations & fire de/ruct$ _! prop]ties4 ,return$ at home he resolves to "p f ! _w & to live 9 ! wild]ness z a h]mit & p5it5t1 & to ask 8 fa!r's cons5t4 ,all t lives1 is f ! mom5t ( be+ 9 "m's womb1 doom$ to dea?1 is n x8 ,& all t lives kills to save life1 b nobody c kill dea?4 ,ev5 ! angels & devas c't4 ,8 fa!r asks him :e!r ?is dea? w n cat* him 9 ! wild]ness z sure z any:]e1 b agree+ he says t dea? c't f9d him unfit to ! prep>ation = ! transition 9 a future life4 ,! fa!r agrees at la/1 & ! pr9ce devotes 8 fur!r life to ! dhyna1 ! holy m$itation :i* w lead him to ! brahmloka4 ,! pr9ce's bir? has be5 hewn on #ad2 #af %[s u ! brahm9's homage to ! new-born2 #ag repres5ts ! drive outside ! palace1 & #b aft] ! foll[+ corn] describes ! pr9ce's life 9 ! wild]ness4 ,besides1 ,i suppose ! corn]-sculpture & ! fir/ beh9d ! corn] 7,w4 ,l41 #abd & #abf7 to ref] to ! pr9ce's leave-tak+ f 8 fa!r & wives1 j z x aft]w>ds happ5s ) ,siddhrta4#eb4 ,/rik+ is ! con=mity ( ?is life ) t ( ! k+'s son ( ,kapilasva/u4 ,f\r? corn]1 #b1 #c & #e 7,w4 ,l41 #abi1 #acj & #acb74 ,liv+ 9 ! primeval =e/ z a /rong buffalo ! ,buddha ( aft] life 0 cont9ually teas$ by a monkey :o1 taunt+ ! wild animal's inexhau/ible k9dness1 p]petually came 9 8 way4 ,a yak%a admoni%es ! bull to be less pati5t & to cru% or ?ru/ d[n ! sn>]1 b ! /rong "o answ]s t ! monkey c't be o!rwise ?an he n[ is1 & t !y %\ld be> him z he is4 ,!re is no bett] ex]cise 9 meekness ?an suff] a bad treatm5t pati5tly1 & by :i* "o may hope to set ! sn>] ?9k+1 & make him turn f s94 ,on #b we see ! bull & ! monkey1 on #c we also p]ceive ! yak%a1 & on #e ! bull deliv]s 8 h>angue to ! demon1 & "k to p]suade him into ackn[l$g+ & prais+ virtue#ec4 ,f\r? corn]1 #f1 #g1 #h & #i 7,w4 ,l41 #acc1 #acd1 #ace & #acf74 ,! ,"l once liv+ 9 ! wild]ness z a wood-peck] came across a lion :o suff]$ unbe>able pa9s because ( a piece ( bone :i* _h rema9$ 9 8 ?roat4 ,! wood-peck] reliev$ 8 pa9s by putt+ a piece ( wood into ! op5$ mule1 & by gett+ ! bone out ( ! ?roat4 ,a long "t aft]w>ds fly+ r\nd & almo/ />v+ f hung] ! wood-peck] met ! lion aga9 :o 0 regal+ himself on an antelope1 he _h j kill$4 ,aft] a mom5t's hesitation 8 =m] rescu] begs him = a little bit ( ! antelope's meat1 b ! lion asks ! begg> :e!r he is tir$ ( life1 & :e!r he ought n to be ?ankful t 8 life 0 sp>$ :5 he =m]ly v5tur$ himself into ! inquir]'s mule4 ,a lion doesn't "k any commis]ation4 ,a%am$ ! wood-peck] flies away4 ,a sylvan deity foll[s him1 & asks :y he doesn't pick ! lion's eyes1 & takes z mu* ( ! prey z he likes4 ,& ! bird answ]s ) a glorification ( virtue2 he :o does good w f9d 8 rew>d 9 a future life1 b he :o returns evil = evil w lose ! m]it ( all 8 good de$s4 ,! deity praises ! wood-peck] z a wise "o1 a sa9t1 & disappe>s4 ,on #e has be5 hewn ! lion 9 ! wood :]e ! wood-peck] comes-to him2 on #g ! lion wri!s ) pa91 & on #h he is help$ by ! wood-peck]4 ,on #i we see ! hungry bird ne> ! lion ) 8 prey4 ,major ,van ,erp supposes t ?is la/ sculpture %\ld ref] to ano!r jtaka4 ,see at ! bottom4 ,_m pieces =m]ly plac$ among ! m5tion$ sculptures1 h be5 lo/ :]eas o!r ones h n yet be5 expla9$4 ,b :5 we rememb] h[ ^? describ$ "h foll[ ea* o!r 9 ! same range ( succession l ! jtakas 9 ! ,mla translat$ by ,spey]1 we !n may believe t ! n exp\nd$ & miss+ sculptures h _h "s connection ) o!r =m] lives1 & t ev5 ?is gall]y may h be5 a cont9u\s s]ies4 ,old5burg indicat$ inde$1 /ill o!r jtakas 9 ?is s]ies :i* _h n be5 translat$ by ,spey]1 t is1 aft] ! we/]n /aircase1 #f1 #g1 #h & #i 7,w4 ,l41 #aib1 #aic1 #aid & #aie74 ,! ,"l hewn z a tortoise at sea takes ! endang]$ crew ( a s9k+ %ip on 8 back1 & c>ry+ !m a%ore he (f]s 8 own body to ! />v+ ones4 ,on #f has be5 hewn ! tortoise1 on #g ! s9k+ %ip surr\nd$ by %>ks & o!r fi%1 on #h we see ! tortoise ) ! %ipwreck$ m5 on 8 back1 & #i describes ! rescu$ ones ) _! rescu] :o is incl9$ to sacrifice himself4 ,on ! front-wall ( ! fif? & highe/ gall]y ,old5burg meant ! second sculpture beh9d ! s\!rn /aircase 7,w4 ,l4 ,,ccclxxxix7 to be ! ,"l z ! horse ,balha1 :i*1 once c>ri$ travell]s across ! sea4 ,b z = ! l[] s]ies ( ! back-wall ( ! fir/ gall]y he %[s to3 #c aft] ! ea/]n /aircase & #a aft] ! next corn] :i* %\ld ref] to k+ ,dak%9a ,pantyala's conv]sation ) ! bewit*$ nga ,janmatyitra2 ! latt]'s exorcism & r$emption by hunt] ,halaka 7! ,"l71 & ! hunt]'s admission into ! resid5ce ( ! grateful nga4 ,?is nga is to be recognis$ at ! s]p5ts 9 8 hair#ed4 ,mr4 ,f\*] =tunately gives u an acc\nt ( ?is /ory 7accord+ to ! text ( ! ,divyvadana7 f> m detail$ ?an ,i c\ld h possibly tak5 f o!r s\rces4 ,x ref]s to ! ,sudhana ,kumr ,vadna3 ! #a? aft] ! second corn]1 & foll[+ relievoes3 #h1 #aj1 #ab1 #ad1 #af1 #ah1 #bj1 #bb1 #bd1 #bf1 #bh1 #cj1 #cb1 #cd1 #cf1 #ch & #dj ,w4 ,l4 ,x beg9s ) ! fir/ panel s\? ( ! ea/]n /aircase4 #a4 ,9 ! empire ( ,pantyla !re once liv$ #b k+s1 "o 9 ! nor?1 & ! o!r 9 ! s\?4 ,! fir/ 0 a good pr9ce1 & 8 empire prosp]$4 ,! latt] 0 bad1 & 8 empire _h fall5 into decay4 ,probably1 ! fir/ pr9ce may h be5 hewn "h4 #b4 ,! o!r bad k+ discusses ) 8 m9i/]s :at to d to raise 8 empire f decay4 ,"u ! pretext ( a hunt+-p>ty he inspects 8 neglect$ c\ntry1 & !n =ms a plan to kidnap ! "y nga ,jammatyitraka f ! h&s ( 8 ?riv+ neighb\r4 ,n[ x %\ld be und]/ood t ?is nga lives 9 a pond situat$ outside ! capital ( nor?-,pantyla1 & z he kn[s to dispose ( ra9 ! c\ntry ab\nds ) excell5t produce ev5 dur+ ! dry monsoon4 ,p]haps ! brahm9 we see be=e ! k+1 w be ! snake-*>m] ^: crimes we are go+ to "k4 #c4 ,?is relievo %[s u a succession ( ?ree ev5ts4 ,fir/ ( all 7to ! "r7 ! "y nga kneel$ d[n calls 9 hunt] ,halaka's assi/ance4 ,9 ! mid/ we see ! same nga1 angrily & mo/ unwill+ly ris+ f 8 lotus-pond "u ! brahm9's =mula ( exorcism1 & 9 front ( ! latt]'s sacrificial fire2 b hunt] ,halaka kills ! conjur] aft] hav+ compell$ him to give up 8 wick$ plan4 ,& to ! left may h be5 hewn ! v same brahm9 :5 he %ortly be=e got ! k+'s secret comm& to commit ?is evil4 ,9 ?is case ?is episode %\ld be exceptionally ?\ght z a prec$+ "o to bo? ! middle-mo/ & fir/ sculpture4 #d4 ,! "y nga's p>5ts make _! son's rescu] spl5didly welcome4 ,on ?is occasion ! hunt] we>s a pr9cely co/ume :i* is above 8 rank 7ca/e71 b he appe>s )\t 8 ho/'s pres5t1 ! nev] fail+ knot4 #e4 ,9 ! ,himlaya4 ,! hunt] squats d[n ne> ! k9n> ,manoh> he caught ) 8 knot4 ,to ! left o!r k9n>s are fly+ ov] a lotus-pond4 ,to ! "r we see ! ascetic ^: words direct$ ! hunt]'s arm on 8 cat*+ ! fairy4 #f4 ,! hunt+ ,sudhana1 cr[n pr9ce ( ! nor!rn empire1 is j com+ on1 & ! hunt] pres5ts him ) ! k9n> he caught4 ,fairy & pr9ce fall 9 love ) "o ano!r4 #g4 ,! k+ ( ! nor!rn empire1 ,sudhana's fa!r1 discusses ) 8 purohita or private prelate1 ! traitor 9 ?is drama1 :o tries to p]suade ! k+ into *>g+ ! pr9ce ) ! heavy burd5 to ov]p[] a rebelli\s vassal aga9/ :om no less ?an #g exp$itions _h already fail$4 #h4 ,! pr9ce bids 8 "m f>e-well1 & *>ges h] ) ! c>e ( 8 "y wife4 #i4 ,sudhana "u a tree outside ! rebelli\s t[n4 ,vaisyravana1 "o ( ! f\r great deities ( ?is c\ntry1 s5ds 8 g5]al ,pntyika ) a troop ( yak%as to assi/ him4 #aj4 ,once m 9 ,h/9apura1 ! royal resid5ce ( ! nor!rn empire4 ,! k+ asks 8 purohita to int]pret a bad dream ^u :i* ! prie/ dem&s to sacrifice a k9n> 9 ord] to av]t an imman5t dang]4 ,! k+ hesitates1 & ! que5 gives pro( ( h] dislike4 #aa4 ,! good he>t ( bo? triumphs1 & ,manoh> escapes ?r\gh ! air4 #ab4 ,) ! assi/ance ( ! yak%as ,sudhana p]=m$ ! task he took ^u 8 %\ld]s & (f]s 8 fa!r ! taxes & f9es ( ! rebels submitt$4 #ac4 ,aft] hav+ le>n$ ! reason ( ,manoh>'s abs5ce he applies to 8 "m aga9 = help4 #ad4 ,druma1 k+ ( ! region ( ! k9n>as1 surr\nd$ by 8 c\rt4 ,manoh>1 seat$ on 8 left h&1 relates h] exp]i5ce among mank9d4 ,s we f9d ourselves 9 ! ,himlaya aga91 9 ?is region ( fairies & spirits h>dly to be p5etrat$4 #ae4 ,sudhana consults ! risyi :o once help$ ! hunt] on 8 cat*1 & :o n[ h&s him a r+ & a travell+-plan ,manoh>a _h giv5 him to ?is purpose4 #af4 ,sudhana outside ! capital ( k+ ,druma1 :]e he comes across "s k9n>s :o are draw+ "s wat] out ( a well to cleanse ,manoh>'s body f all human-smell4 ,sudhana fl+s ! r+ into a vase ( "o ( ! fairies1 & reque/s h] to be ! fir/ to empty ?is vase on h] mi/ress's head4 ,accord+ to ! text ,f\*] consult$1 ! fairy %\ld h rema9$ q ignorant ( all ?is1 consequ5tly ! sculptor mu/ h sw]v$ f ?is text1 or1 p]haps1 meant ano!r "o4 #ag4 ,manoh> f\nd ! r+1 & tells h] fa!r ab\t ,sudhana's com+4 ,! k+ agrees to put him to ! te/2 to ! left ( ?is relievo we see him b5d 8 b[ to drive an arr[ ?r\gh #g cocoa-trees4 ,druma himself is wat*+ ?is1 & to be recognis$ by 8 prabha4 #ah4 ,he !n gives ! pr9ce 8 daught]4 #ai4 ,! newly-m>ri$ c\ple is n[ enjoy+ _! happ9ess 9 ! woman's qu>t]4 ,9 hon\r ( !m1 & to ! accompanim5t ( music1 a c\rt-danc] is %[+ h] art ( danc+4 ,?is fair danc] is "o ( ! be/ pro(s ( ! sculptor's art4 #bj4 ,return$ at ,ha/9pura ! newly-m>ri$ di/ribute pres5ts among _! p4 ,9 ?is same s]ies foll[ #f o!r sculptures ref]r+ to ! ,maitrakanyaka-jtaka2 a note-wor?y k>ma-leg5d4 ,we %all f9d !m aft] hav+ turn$ ! fif? corn] ( ! nor!rn /aircase1 & on our hav+ rea*$ ! ea/ side ( ! ru9 :]e we are go+ to view ! #bnd1 #c;d & #d? sculpture 7,w4 ,l41 #bad1 #baf & #bah71 & #a aft] ! six? corn] 7,w4 ,l41 #bbj71 & #a & #b aft] ! sev5? corn] 7,w4 ,l41 #bbb & #bbd7 all ( :i* ,mr4 ,w9t] photograph$ = me4 ,on ! fir/ ( ^! imag]ies we fir/ see a woman h&l+ a balance1 & probably s]v+ ! cu/om]s ( ! "y m]*ant ,maitrakanyaka4 ,?is woman is likely to be 8 "m1 & if he himself has be5 hewn ne> h]1 he c't possibly be ! %abbily dress$ & be>d$ man :o /&s next to h]4 ,?is man r rem9ds ( a brahm9 or a m5dicant fri> in/ead ( a ri* m]*ant4 ,! man by h] o!r side is n visible on ! photograph4 ,cle>] h[ev]1 is ! foll[+ gr\p 9 :i* pr(essor ,spey] made u kn[n ,maitrakanyaka's "m ?r[+ h]self at h] son's feet1 & besee*+ him to give up 8 plan to und]take a sea-voyage4 ,! wid['s tress made ! pr(essor suppose t ! beautiful m\/a*e 7) :i* ,wils5 adorn$ ?is little sculpture 9 ,leemans' "w7 %\ld be a mi/ake ( ! draughtsman4 ,& he obs]v$ ?is rightly1 & s did ,i aft] heav+ read ,spey]'s essay1#ee because ,i h be5 able to asc]ta9 9 loco t ev5 ! woman's brea/s1 ,wils5 didn't see or engrave at lea/1 are cle>ly to be se5 & palpable4 ,to be v %ort ! leg5d runs z foll[s3 ,maitrakanyaka 0 /ill a *ild :5 8 fa!r 0 %ipwreck$ on a voyage4 ,accord+ to "t-hon\r$ usage he 0 aft]w>ds incl9$ to *oose 8 fa!r's pr(ession4 ,9 ! beg9n+ 8 "m told him t he _h kept a %op1 & aft]w>ds _h dealt 9 p]fumes & 9 gold4 ,maitrakanyaka did likewise1 & gave 8 "m ! fir/ #d1 #h1 #af & #cb kr%panas he ga9$1 t !y might be divid$ among ! brahm9s & indig5t4 ,^! 7 f\r good de$s4 ,b :5 he 0 told t 8 fa!r _h gone abroad on bus9ess1 & z he soon saw t 8 "m c\ld n d5y ?is he resolv$ to tread 9 8 fa!r's foot-/eps 9 spite ( 8 "m's resi/ance :o fe>$ to lose h] only *ild 9 ! v same way l %e =m]ly lo/ 8 fa!r4 ,ba?+ 9 te>s %e fell on h] knees at la/1 & tri$ to deta9 him at ! la/ mom5t1 b he gave h] a kick & w5t on bo>d4 ,?is 0 "o evil de$1 & accord+ to ! doctr9e ( ! k>ma1 ! et]nal law ( cause & consequ5ce1 he %\ld be puni%$ = ?is de$ ( 8 z sure z he w\ld be rew>d$ = 8 good de$s4 ,on ! second sculpture we see him %ipwreck1 & aft] hav+ rea*$ ! %ore he f9ds !re f\r cele/ial "y wom5 :o rew>d him = 8 fir/ good de$ by lett+ him1 = _m ye>s1 dream a dream ( p]fect happ9ess till 8 k>ma drives him away f !re1 successively %[+ him eight1 aft]w>ds sixte51 & at la/ two-&-?irty m & m beautiful nymphs 9 return ( ! z _m kr%panas he =m]ly gave away to ! indig5t4 ,f9ally he happ5s to ent] a ca/le :i* gate closes itself beh9d him1 & !re he sees a m>tyr be>+ a r$-hot :eel turn+ = ev] on 8 head1 t is1 ! inexorable puni%m5t to all :o insult$ _! fa!r or "m4 ,?is :eel ! unhappy "o w always be> till ano!r1 guilty ( ! same de$1 w release him4 ,on ! ?ird1 f\r?1 & fif? sculpture h be5 hewn ! enc\nt]s ) ! #h1 #af & #cb nymphs1 ?\gh1 = want ( room1 we c't see #e ( ! #af & #ai ( ! #cb nymphs4 ,& on ! six? & la/ sculpture we fir/ see ,maitrakanyaka suff] "u ! torture ( ! r$-hot :eel1 b at a %ort di/ance f ?is we see him releas$ by ! expression ( 8 self-d5y+ wi%1 t ano!r1 guilty ( su* a de$1 may nev] come to free him4 ,i ?9k ! la/ gr\p ( ?is v same imag]y %\ld ref] to ! conclusion ( ?is k>ma-leg5d3 ! ,bodhisattva's dy+ & 8 transition into ! nirvna4#ef4 ,f\*] means t ! f\r relievoes :i* prec$e ! %ipwreck1 ref] to ! same jtaka1 & t ,maitrakanyaka may h be5 already repres5t$ ) 8 "m on ! fir/ sculpture :]e ! son (f]$ 8 "m a purse fill$ ) ! kr%panas he fir/ ga9$4 ,on ! foll[+ panel1 divid$ into two by a /yle ( build+1 ,f\*] sees1 to ! "r1 ! son 9 8 la/ bus9ess :i* may appe> f ! goldsmi?'s balance :]eas ! l>g] purse %\ld ref] to ! v same "o 9 :i* he ga!r$ ! #cb kr%panas4 ,on ! o!r1 left "p1 ,f\*] ?9ks he also sees ! "m at h] son's feet4 ,s does ,spey]1 & s d ,i4 ,z ) reg>d to ! foll[+ relievoes ,i ref] to t :i* ,i already said =m]ly4 ,z = ! sev5? relievo ,i beg to po9t to my explanation1 & int]pretation 9 my 8,oudheidkundige aanteek5+50 ,,iv? 7page #be & #bf74 ,accord+ to ,f\*] ! sculptor %\ld n h d>$ to repres5t ,maitrakanyaka z a rep5tant s9n]1 because ( 8 be+ ! ,bodhisattva himself4 ,anyh[1 ! r$emption ( ?is puni%m5t by a de$ ( ! highe/ self-d5ial appe>$ s v significant to me t x %\ld n h be5 unnotic$1 nei!r 9 metaphor nor 9 writ+1 b ?is w\ld h be5 impossible if ?is puni%m5t _h n prec$$ ! r$emption itself4 ,& moreov]1 grant+ ! "o little sculpture to repres5t ! old] p5it5t ) ! flam+ nimble on 8 head1 x surely %\ld h prec$$ ,maitrakanyaka's sculpture1 & by no means come aft] ?is :il/ ,m4 fir/ arrives 9 ! t[n ( d>kness1 & aft]w>ds f9ds !re ! m>tyr f :om he takes possession ( ! nimble4 ,& la/ ( all1 ! sep>at+ trees %\ld n h _h any s5se at all if !y %\ld n ref] to two foll[+ ev5ts relat+ to ! v same p]son4 ,i ?9k x my duty to po9t to ! foll[+ sculptures ( ! upp] s]ies ( ! front-wall :i* repres5t no jtakas b ref] to ! ,buddha ( aft] life4 ,aft] ! ea/]n /aircase & ! second corn]1 #ae 7,w4 ,l41 #bh74 ,buddha 9 a prea*+ po/ure =m+ ! tyakra ) ! ?umb & index ( 8 "r arm su* z all ,buddhas d1 we see hewn 9 ! ni*es ( ! highe/1 fif?1 wall#eg4 ,lotus-?rone & prabha1 /yle ( hair-dress & co/ume h be5 hewn 9 ! same mann] z ^? ( ! ,buddhas ( all ni*es4 ,all r\nd ab\t him we see auditors r5d]+ homage to him4 ,we/]n /aircase1 fif? corn]1 #b 7,w4 ,l41 #bce7 %[s a simil> sculpture1 b above ! ,buddha two angels are float+ 9 ! air1 & ne> him we see /& burn+ inc5se-(f]+s4 ,aft] ! sev5? corn]1 #d & #h 7,w4 ,l41 #beb & #bef7 we see simil> repres5tations1 ) ?is diff]5ce h[ev]1 t on ! la/ sculpture ! ,"l has be5 hewn 9 ! po/ure ( ! fif? ,dhyni-,buddha 7l all ,buddhas on ! #d l[] walls on ! nor? side71 & t 8 curls ( hair h n be5 f9i%$4 ,/ill o!r relievoes ( ?is v same l[] s]ies h be5 expla9$ by ,mr4 ,f\*]4 ,at ! s\?-we/ corn]1 we/ ( ! s\!rn /aircase1 has be5 hewn k+ ,mndht>'s life1 b n any sculpture be=e ! eigh? c be exp\nd$ f ! ,divyvadna text4 ,! sev5 prec$+ sculptures are likely to ref] to ! same hi/ory ! sculptor br\ght to light some?+ m ?an ! text's writ] did1 :o />ts f ! h]o's bir?1 & describes 8 acts ( gov]nm5t aft] hav+ giv5 a %ort acc\nt ( 8 y\?4 ,f\*]'s mean+ 0 q unexpect$ly confirm$ by ano!r writ+1 ! s-call$ ,bodhisattvavadnakalpalata :i* runs z foll[s3 8,"o day 7k+7 ,uposyada w5t on horseback 9 ord] to visit a h]mit's colony :i* _h ask$ = 8 assi/ance to be def5d$ f demons4 ,!re 7 pr9cely risyis :o kept a /one bottle ready4 ,?is 0 meant = a sacrifice :i* 0 to h ! p[] to procreate *ildr54 ,! k+1 tir$ z he 0 ( ! long ride1 & be=e he c\ld be prev5t$ f do+ s1 empties ! bottle4 ,return$ at home he discov]s an unpa9ful swell+ on 8 head1 & :5 ! tum\r _h rip5$ at l5g? out came a boy ^: education 0 disput$ by ! #fj4jjj wom5 ( ! h>em40 ,on ?is gr\nd ( bir? ! *ild 0 call$ ,mrdhyaya1 & ,mndht> or ,mrdhat> :5 bo? names are jo9$ toge!r4 ,x 0 ! ,kasymir poet ,ksyem5dra :o gave ,f\*] ?is miss+ l9k to expla9 ! sculptures4 ,on ! two fir/ relievoes we see ! di/ribution ( pres5ts done 9 ! "n ( ! k+ t he might get a *ild4 ,on ! ?ird sculpture ! k+ is dep>t+4 ,on ! f\r? we see ,upasyada dism\nt+1 & ! sacrificial vase he is go+ to dr9k f4 #e %[s u ! *ild got by ?is4 #f & #g ref] to ! horoscope ( ! future tyakrav>t9 or suz]a9 ( ! _w1 & ! a/rolog]'s rew>d4 ,on #h ! "y pr9ce bids 8 fa!r f>ewell 9 ord] to travel ab\t ! c\ntry4 ,on #i he is in=m$ ( 8 fa!r's dea?1 & 8 succession to ! ?rone4 #aj4 ,betwe5 ! "y pr9ce & two risyis float+ 9 ! air1 recognisable by _! l>ge tuft ( hair & _! ros>ies1 we see "s brok5 w+$ birds sitt+ on ! gr\nd4 ,! curse ( "o ( ! #ejj risyis1 liv+ 9 a neighb\r+ wood1 broke _! w+s4 ,! k+1 indignant at su* cruelty1 d5ies ! risyis e "r = /ay+ on 8 t]ritory4 #aa4 ,on 8 fur!r j\rney ,mndht> =ms a plan to cause a ra9 ( corn s z n to oblige 8 p to "w any long]4 #ab4 ,cotton %all be cultivat$ no m1 nei!r sp9n$ nor weav$1 & n[ ready clo!s are fall+ d[n out ( ! cl\ds4 #ac4 ,tak+ (f5ce at ! fact !y ascribe ! m]it ( all ^! wond]s to !mselves1 ! k+ n[ produces a sev5 days' ra9 ( gold :i* fell )9 ! walls ( 8 palace1 & ) ! exception ( ! k+ himself & 8 m9i/]s we only see wom5 ga!r ! treasures fall+ d[n out ( vases hidd5 9 ! cl\ds4 #ad4 ,mndht> m>*es out to conqu] ! _w4 ,! feet ( none /ir ! e>?4 #ae4 ,a yak%a %[s ! k+ ! way z h[ to make new conque/s4 ,! sculptor repres5t$ ?is yak%a z a brahm9-m9i/]4 #af4 ,! guide br+s ! k+ to 8 p9nacle ( glory4 ,two k+s hav+ a /rik+ resemblance to ea* o!r1 ?rone 9 a palace on seats :i* are equally high4 ,"o ( !m is ,syakra1 ! ,indra ( deities1 & on ,mndht>'s unutt]$ wi%es he c$$ to him half 8 t]ritory4 ,only by 8 non-bl9k+ ! god is to be di/+ui%$ f ! man-k+1 & x goes )\t say+ t ! sculptor 0 n able to %[ ?is4 #ag4 ,deities fight+ asuras 7devils74 ,) ! assi/ance ( _! human ally ! deities ga9 ! victory ov] !m4 #ah1 #ai1 & #bj don't exactly correspond to ! text :i* tea*es u t ,mndht> ask$ 8 m9i/]s :o got ! day4 8,! k+0 !y repli$ ^u :i* ! creezy "o tri$ to de?rone ,indra 9 ord] to rule himself4 ,sc>cely did he ent]ta9 ?is1 :5 he saw himself flung d[n f heav5 to e>?1 & dy+ he bewails 8 bl9d imp]t95ce4 #bj may be> ^u 8 cremation1 & ^u ! entomb+ ( 8 a%es into a /pa4 ,out ( ! #aj relievoes 9 front 7s\?7 ( ! we/]n /aircase1 ! six? expla9s itself4 ,a pigeon 0 caught by a falcon1 & ! ,bodhisattva buys ! poor animal's lib]ty by (f]+ ! bird ( prey a proportional "p ( 8 own fle%4 ,?is is ! s-call$ ,sybi-jataka4 ,out ( ! #cj relievoes belong+ to ! l[] s]ies ( ! nor?-we/ corn]1 "s #bb or #be may ref] to ! ,rudryanavadana4 ,pass+ ! fir/ #c sculptures nor? ( ! we/]n /aircase we %all see on3 #d4 ,rudryana1 k+ ( ,roruka1 consult+ ,ryagriha m]*ants ab\t ! m]its ( _! pr9ce1 ,bimbisra4 #e4 ,a k+ receives f a c\rti] a squ>e %eet ( pap] or gives him ?is4 ,x is ,rudryana's lett] address$ to ,magadha's k+4 ,s ! pr9cipal p]sonage %\ld be "o ( ^! two1 b :o kn[s :i*8 ,x doesn't appe> aft] all4 #f4 ,a reception at ! c\rt ( "o ( !m 9 ord] to l5d an e> to ! be>]s ( ! lett] or to take _! leaves4 ,all r\nd ab\t a l>ge di%1 likely full ( rice1 we see "s #bj small] plates full ( o!r eatables4 #g4 ,bimbisra receives ! jewel-case ,rudryana s5t him ) ! lett]4 #h4 ,9 ! mid/ we see ! box conta9+ ! pres5ts made 9 return all :i* ,magadha's k+ de/9$ = 8 c\s9 ( ,roruka4 ,! pr9cipal p]sonage is ,bimbisra aga91 :o gives1 or ,rudryana1 :o receives4 #i4 ,bimbisra gets a preci\s arm\r f ,rudryana4 #aj4 ,roruka's inhabitants on ! occasion ( ! pres5t's arrival made 9 return by ,bimbisra2 a draw+ ) a silh\ette ( ! ,buddha4 ,! be>] is rid+ an elephant4 #aa4 ,almo/ on a "p ) #d1 b n[ ,rjagriha's mess5g]s are s\nd+ ! praise ( ! ,buddha4 #ab4 ,rudryana reque/$ ! ,buddha = be+ in/ruct$ by a monk1 & ! ,"l s5t him ,mahktyyana :o n[ takes a high] seat next to ! k+4 ,a decl9+ ge/ure ( ! monk may ref] to a refusal to prea* ! doctr9e 9 ! woman's qu>t]4 ,?is ought to be done by a nun4 #ac4 ,! nun ,syail prea*es be=e ! k+ & 8 wives4 #ad4 ,su* ano!r repres5tation b ) a second nun /&+ beh9d ,syail4 ,9 all likelihood an ord9ator4 ,9 ! k+'s place we see a ?ird ,,bhiksyun :o may be que5 ,ty&raprabh4 ,acqua9t$ z %e is ) ! circum/ance t %e won't live mu* long] %e got ! k+'s p]mission = be+ admitt$ into ! ord]4 #ae4 ,! que51 aft] dea? born aga9 9 heav51 desc5ds to %[ ! k+ ! way = a reunion 9 ! ,great ,beyond4 #af4 ,rudryana communicates to 8 son ,syikhan9 8 resolution to become a monk1 & s to abdicate ! ?rone 9 8 son's behalf4 #ag4 ,at ,ryagriha ! ,buddha consecrat$ ,rudryana a bhiksyu1 & on 8 fir/ way z a m5dicant fri> he decl9es ,bimbisra's ri* (f]+s4 #ah4 ,to ! "r we see h[ m]*ants f ,rudryana's c\ntry in=m him ,syikhan9's bad behavi\r4 ,& to ! left h[ ! son is in=m$ by 8 wick$ m9i/]s ab\t 8 fa!r's return1 & we !n also see h[ he !re=e =ms a plan to h 8 fa!r murd]$4 ,9 ! back-gr\nd we see ,syikhan9's "m 9 h] own palace4 #ai4 ,ev5 ?is relievo is divid$ 9 two4 ,to ! "r ,syikhan9 le>ns t 8 fa!r has be5 kill$1 p]haps by ! man ) ! long sword4 ,& to ! left he seeks com=t f 8 "m :o frees him f ! heavy burd5 ( p>ricide by lett+ him "k t ,rudryana wasn't really 8 fa!r4 #bj4 ,b ! equally unp>donable murd] ( a bhiksyu1 a sa9t1 weighs heavily on ! k+4 ,9 ord] to free him f s great a debt !y n[ pret5d !re are no sa9ts4 ,deceiv]s are ^? :o mean to be arahats4 ,to ! left we see two cats1 ea* ( !m 9 a /pa ( h] own4 ,!y h be5 taught to answ] to ! names ( ! two fir/ conv]ts conv9c$ by ,mahktyyana1 & to ! "r we see ! que5-"m ) h] son :o agrees ) su* s(isms4 #ba4 ,to ! "r k+ ,syikhan9 9 a s$an-*air4 ,he tells 8 ret9ue to ?r[ s& at ! monk ,mahktyyana4 ,to ! left ! monk himself1 releas$ z he n[ is f ! heap ( s&1 pr$icts ,roruka's d[nfall to ! two good m9i/]s ,hiru & ,bhiru4 #bb4 ,f 8 palace ! k+ is wat*+ ! ra9 ( jewels :i* prec$es ! wick$ /orm ( s&#eh4 ,p jo/le ea* o!r on cat*+ up ! treasures4 ,9 ! =egr\nd we see ! two good m9i/]s load+ a boat ) ! m5tion$ ri*es4 #bc4 ,fate 9 fulfilm5t4 ,roruka & almo/ all its inhabitants are buri$ "u ! s&4 ,we see ,mahktyyana on 8 home-j\rney 9 ! village ( ,kh>a4 ,?r\gh ! air ! tutel>y goddess ( ! de/ruct$ t[n foll[$ him to t place1 & ! monk leaves h] 8 begg+ cup ov] :i* a /pa w be built4 #bd4 ,9 ! next /age1 call$ ,lambaka1 ! inhabitants (f] ! royalty to ! monk's disciple1 ,symaka1 because ( ! wond] !y saw1 t is1 t ! %ad[ ( ! tree "u :i* he took 8 seat1 behav$ to himself b didn't foll[ ! c\rse ( ! sun4 #be4 ,9 ! ?ird /age1 nam$ ,vokkna1 ! monk gives 8 m5dicity to a woman1 :o 9 =m] life1 _h be5 8 "m4 ,reason = ! build+ ( a new /pa4 #bf1 #bg & #bh4 ,a rural sc5e betwe5 two sea-pieces4 ,on #bg we see a monk 9 a t[n f5c$ all ar\nd4 ,mahktyyana's return 9 ,syrva/4 #bf & #bh repres5t ,hiru's & ,bhiru's disemb>km5t on ! spots :]e !y once w f\nd ! t[ns ( ,hiruka1 & ,bhiruka4 ,! #b rema9+ panels1 #bi & #cj1 relate ! t\*+ /ory ( ! two k9n>as :o c\ld nev] =get t "o day1 #fig ye>s ago1 man & wife _h be5 sep>at$ 9 _! mill5nial life = a :ole night because ( a swoll5 riv]4 ,! k+ ( ,bn>s1 "o day hunt+ = game1 surpris$ & li/5$ to !m4 ,9 ! "o relievo we see ! pr9ce hewn 9 a /&+--9 ! o!r 9 a sitt+ po/ure1 = ! re/ bo? ! repres5tations consecrat$ to ! k9n>a- or ,bhaltya-jtaka1 h be5 hewn 9 ! same mann]4 ,^! my?ical be+s ,i always call$ g&h>vas because !y always repres5t birds provid$ ) a human head & bu/4 ,i nev] saw !m ) a horse's head l k9n>a's h be5 describ$ 9 ,d[son's ,classical ,diction>y4 ,) ! exception ( ! ,maitrakanyakavadna1 m5tion$ "h-above1 ,f\*] didn't expla9 any o!r relievo ( ! inf]ior s]ies ( ! back wall at ! nor?-we/ corn]1 because we hav5't any data4 ,he also _h no "t necess>y = a complete & decisive /udy ( ! sculptures we see on ! #c high] gall]ies4 ,he only ackn[l$g$ _! less hi/orical or leg5d>y s5se b accept$ _! iconographic "*4 ,"s sculptures ( ! second gall]y ,i ?\ght to be ,h9du-gods repres5t$ z ,bodhisattvas1 he1 on ! o!r h&1 ?\ght !y 7 ,avalokitsyv>a1 & ,manjusyri4 ,?is does correspond at la/ to my mean+ because ,avalokitsyv>a is nobody else b ! deity ,%iva1 9 ?is case ,padmapni1 at ! same "t ! f\r? ,dhyni-,bodhisattva4 ,,ix4 ,a %ort ^w ab\t "s sculptures we see on ! ?ree high] gall]ies4 ,no d\ble s]ies are to be se5 !re1 b ! hewn panels1 especially ^? ( ! back-walls ( ! second & f\r? gall]y1 are a little high]1 & h be5 p>tly model$ 9 an excell5t /yle4 ,wils5's & ,leemans' engrav+s are n always true repres5tations ( ! sculptures !mselves1 f4 i4 no3 #bad 7,w4 ,l47 repres5t+ ! unp>donably bad draw+ ( ,maitrakanyaka's "m4 ,b = pr(essor ,spey]'s acute obs]vation %e w\ld h be5 nev] recognis$ p]haps1 & ?is gr\p w\ld !n h rema9$ unexpla9$ = ev]1 if ?is sculpture1 & s _m o!r ones1 might happ5 to be ru9$ at all4 ,=tunately en\gh1 ,i ord]$ ?is gr\p to be photograph$ = ab\t #d ye>s ago1 & ^! photos c't possibly lie#ei4 ,! productions1 =m]ly tak5 by ,mr4 van ,k9sb]g5 to ! co/ ( ! ,dut* ,gov]nm5t1 are beyond my rea*1 & s ,i've n be5 able to control :e!r ?is sculpture has be5 photograph$ or n4 ,i ?9k x 0 n4#fj4 ,let me m5tion ano!r example ( ,wils5's inaccuracy1 ! ?irtie? sculpture we see on ! back-wall ( ! second gall]y1 & s mu* ! m1 because x might h be5 easily photograph$4 ,m ?an "o exp]t did s1 among o!rs1 9 #aija 79 my pres5ce7 ! kn[n ,padang & ,atyh photograph] ,c4 ,nieuw5huis4 ,comp>+ ?is photo ) ,wils5's draw+ we %all p]ceive t ! two inn]-pila/]s ( ! small temple h be5 wrongly drawn1 & t ! out]-pila/]s1 beh9d ! /&+ wom51 h be5 =gott52 t ! prabha 7glory7 beh9d ! sa9t's head1 we see sitt+ inside ?is small temple1 impossibly goes upw>d be=e ! upp]-?re%old ( ! entrance2 & t ! "y lions & ! ?rone's c>pet h be5 disfigur$ z well z ! g>l&s & pray]-bells1 bo? 9 =m & plac+4 ,?is also ref]s to ! visitor's p>asol1 & to ! fl[]-(f]+ we see ne> him4 ,! second p>rot1 j above ! "r bodhi-tree1 & "o fl[]-piece to ! "r "u ?is tree1 h be5 :olly left out4 ,?is visitor's h& flatly fold$ = a smbah 7salaam7 has n be5 fold$ flatly1 because ! f+]-tips only t\* ea* o!r1 s t ! smbah itself is to be recognis$ no m4 ,! "r foot ( ?is man ! draw] also =got#fa4 ,x is n difficult to %[ su* mi/akes 9 o!r draw+s ( ,wils5's2 & ,i !re=e suppose !m n to be reli$ ^u = ! explanation ( fur!r p>ticul>s4 ,!re :]e ,wils5 copi$ monks 7bhiksyus7 he ne>ly always rais$ !m to ,buddhas by decorat+ _! clean-%av5 heads ) ! hair-cr[n1 ! ti>a or usynsya6 z if he1 :o didn't ev5 "k ! text ! sculptor _h foll[$1 knew f> bett] ?an ! latt]6 ,& don't we "k h[ he1 j l ,ovid 9 8 ,metamorphoses1 *ang$ wom5 into m5 or o!rwise8 ,i fur!r po9t to ! above m5tion$ sculpture because ( ! wor%ip ( ! bodhi-tree *>act]is$ by p>asols & tym>as 7fly-flaps71 rosettes & pray]-bells4 ,su* fig-trees are /ill cultivat$ & hon\r$ by all ! ,ceylon 7& else:]e7 pagodae ev5 at ?is day1 & 9 consequ5ce ( ?is wor%ip by buddhi/ic ance/ors ! ,sundas & ,javanese always respect ki>as & wr+9s 7banyan-trees7 & o!r ak9 ,ficaceae4 ,su* trees z we always see on ! alun-aluns1 ! front-places ( kratons & dalms ( pr9ces & native *iefs orig9ally meant1 ,i ?9k1 a recognition to ,buddha's fig-tree4 ,! prea*] & 8 doctr9e are =gott5 "h 9 ,java1 b "o ( ! =ms ( ?is wor%ip /ill exi/s4 ,i m5tion ! eighte5? & ! tw5ty-second sculpture 7ea/]n /aircase1 fif? corn]1 #b & six? corn]1 #a7 because ( ! w+$ %ell1 ! syankha1 provid$ ) payongs & tym>as z a sign ( dignity4 ,ev5 n[ ,javanese pr9ces c>ry ! tykr1 ! trisul & o!r weapons ( deities 9 _! ampilan#fb1 & s ,vi%nu's tyankra doesn't mean t ! p]son :om x is c>ri$ aft]1 %\ld ref] to ?is deity1 ?\gh x is true t ! ,buddha ( ! ,mahyni/s mu/ be ?is god's avatra4 ,among ! foll[+ imag]ies ,i m especially see ,h9du-gods z ,buddha's pr$ecessors4 7,bodhisattvas74 ,! f\r-arm$ sculpture we see on #ah 7s\!rn /aircase1 f\r? corn] #e71 9 ,buddha po/ure on a ?rone c>ri$ by a bull1 ! n&i1 ! vhana or ,%iva's c>riage1 makes u ?9k1 ev5 )\t any o!r *>act]i/ic1 ( a ,bodhisattva1 p]haps4 ,! lo/ head might h giv5 m c]ta9ty4 ,simil> images we f9d on #ajj1 #aja1 #ajb & #ajd ,w4 ,l4#fc4 ,on ! fir/ 7nor!rn /aircase1 second corn]1 #a7 we see a f\r-arm$ sculpture on a lotus-?rone 9 ,buddha po/ure1 ) ! glory1 & 9 8 left h& an elephant's hook & a fl[]4 ,! objects 9 8 "r h& are to be recognis$ no m4 ,! ?rone itself has be5 adorn$ ) elephants1 lions & ngas4 ,! f\r arms ne> ! s+le face may possibly ref] to ,vi%nu or ano!r deity1 b n to ,brahma :i* we see g5]ally hewn f\r-fac$3 ! small ,buddha image 9 ! cr[n only speaks ( ,buddhism#fd4 ,& z ,buddha1 accord+ to ! nor!rn *ur*1 _h be5 ,vi%nu's avatra1 ?is deity may by no means raise our a/oni%m5t because ( 8 be+ repres5t$ "h z a ,bodhisattva4 ,ev5 ! foll[+ sculpture 7#b aft] ! second corn]7 has be5 hewn f\r-arm$1 b too badly damag$ to be recognis$ z ! deity x %\ld repres5t4 ,?is also ref]s to ! ?ird sculpture 7#c aft] ! corn]74 ,! six arms may po9t to ,%iva4 ,! f\r? sculpture 7#e aft] ! same corn]1 ,w4 ,l41 #ajd7 w\ld n be easily recognis$ on ,wils5's draw+4 ,on ! ru9 itself h[ev]1 !re is no d\bt :atev]1 because we "h see cle> en\gh t ! upavta is no?+ else b ! ,cobra 7snake7 ) a nicely model$ & cr[n$ head4 ,& ?is only speaks ( ,%iva or ( 8 son ,gane%a :o has be5 always repres5t$ z an elephant or ) an elephant's head s t "h he c't be meant z su*4 ,ano!r sculpture 7,w4 ,l41 #ajf1 ! sev5? aft] ! second corn]7 is /ill note-wor?y1 because ! temple :]e9 x sits 7n on a lotus-cu%ion7 has be5 cr[n$ by five %ivatic trisyulas4 ,%\ld ?is be a woman's image x !n may repres5t a ,tr or female deity1 b x hasn't any tok5 to be recognis$ z ,durg1 ! syakti ( ,%iva#fe4 ,unique ( its k9d is ! sixty-n9? sculpture on ! back-wall ( ! foll[+1 ?ird1 gall]y 7nor!rn /aircase1 second corn]1 #b74 ,to ! left we see a deity 7a ,bodhisattva1 p]haps7 9 a temple cr[n$ by elev5 trisyulas4 ,to ! "r su* ano!r deity 7or greatness87 on a l[] seat4 ,betwe5 ^! two /&s a tree ! bran*es ( :i* don't be> leaves or fruit1 b swords & dagg]s4 ,& b5ea? !re we see a cauldron full ( boil+ cont5ts hang+ ov] a flam+ fire4 ,next to ?is we see ?ree 7arm$7 m5 gu>d+ ?ree fett]$ prison]s :o are likely to ask = m]cy to ! second1 less great deity4 ,x seems h[ev]1 t "o ( ! keep]s is wait+ = fur!r in/ructions ( ! deity we see 9 ! small temple4 ,! elev5 trisyulas make u ?9k ( ,%iva aga91 p]haps z ,kla1 ! god ( dea?1 ! all de/roy+ "t4 ,leemans ?\ght ?is repres5tation %\ld be connect$ ) a p>ticul> ev5t or1 %\ld ref]1 9 a g5]al s5se1 to helli% puni%m5ts4 ,! la/ m5tion$ explanation seem$ acceptable to me1 b !n :5 tak5 9 a pure symbolical s5se4 ,! k+ ( ,siam simply call$ ?is a repres5tation ( hell4 8,buddha sees hell40 ,we may leave ! wall$ t]races aft] hav+ se5 two o!r sculptures we f9d on ! back-wall ( ! f\r? & highe/ gall]y :i* has no m ?an #bj angles & hewn wall-panels4 ,fir/ ( all ,i'll m5tion ! fifty-sev5? sculpture 7#c aft] ! nor!rn /aircase74 ,!re we see a ,buddha ?ron+ 9 a temple ^u :i* we see1 to ! "r1 a flam+ tyakra &1 to ! left1 a cresc5t ( ! moon float+ 9 ! air on lotus-cu%ions4 ,& la/ ( all ,i'll po9t to ! sev5tie? sculpture 7fif? corn] #b71 %[+ u a simil> repres5tation1 b :]e ! tyakra has be5 replac$ by ! disc ( ! sun4#ff ,"o c't possibly wi% a m eloqu5t witness ( ! h>mony ( ! tyakra & disc ( ! sun1 & ( ! connection !re is betwe5 ^! cele/ial bodies & ! ,buddha1 betwe5 ,buddha & ,vi%nu or1 9 o!r words1 betwe5 ! ,buddha- & sun-wor%ip4 ,= complet5ess' sake ,i fur!r m5tion t on ! back-wall ( ?is gall]y are to be f\nd _m sculptures ^u :i* m ?an five till sev5te5 ,buddhas h be5 hewn 9 diff]5t po/ures 7mudrs74 ,9 my op9ion ! k+ ( ,siam rightly obs]v$ t "h c't be meant any ,dhyni-,buddha4 ,f\*] gave u ano!r reasonable explanation ( ^! sculptures by connect+ !m ) ,syrva/'s great wond] :5 ! ,buddha cov]$ all ! heav5 ) ! reflexions ( 8 own body4 ,= ! sake ( brevity ,i !re=e ref] to t :i* has be5 m5tion$ h]eab\t 9 my 8,oudheidkundige ,aanteek5+50 ,,iv1 p4 #db & #dd4 ,x only rema9s = me n[ to speak a few words ab\t ! relievoes major van ,erp recognis$ to be jtaka-repres5tations guid$ z he 0 by ! text ( ! great "w ( ,mr4 ,c[ell's & contributors4 ,9 ! l[] s]ies on ! front-wall ( ! fir/ gall]y we see1 on ! second sculpture s\? ( ! ea/]n /aircase1 ! ,bodhisattva pl\gh+ 8 field z a f>m]4 ,p]=m+ ?is task he sudd5ly f9ds a treasure ! f\r? "p ( :i* he pres5ts ! ne$y4 7,w4 ,l41 engrav+ ,,cxxxvi74 ,?is is ! ,kanytyanakh&hajtaka4 ,9 ! upp] s]ies on ! v same wall van ,erp ?\ght ! la/ ( ! #d sculptures1 aft] ! f\r? corn] we/ ( ! s\!rn /aircase1 to be ano!r ,sigala-jtaka4 ,9 imitation ( pr(essor ,spey]'s h[ev]1 ,i describ$ ?is z ! jtaka's conclusion1 ! />v+ sp>r[ ask+ ! lion = a little bit ( ! prey he kill$ %ortly be=e4 7,w4 ,l4's engrav+ ,,clxx74 ,& 9 #e relievoes on ! same front-wall1 b on ! nor!rn side ( ! ru9 7n engrav$ 9 ,l's7 he meant he saw ! ,mora-jtaka1 :]e ! ,bodhisattva1 caught z a peacock by ! hunt] ( ! k+ ( ,bn>s1 tea*es ! doctr9e to ! pr9ce4 ,ano!r jtaka has be5 /ill m5tion$ 9 ,leemans' 7,engrav+ ,,clxxxiii1 & ,,clxxxiv & #c o!r ones71 :]e ! ,bodhisattva di$ a monkey :5 he sacrific$ 8 life = ! sake ( 8 bl9d "m4 ,8 y\ng] bro!r did likewise all :i* c't prev5t ! hunt] f %oot+ d[n ev5 ! "m-monkey aft] hav+ fir/ kill$ ! two o!rs4 ,x is ! ,syula-,n&iya-jtaka 9 :i* ! wick$ hunt] is be+ sev]ely puni%$4 ,accord+ to ! pli-text ! ,buddha himself relat$ t ?is =m] hunt] aft]w>ds became 8 wick$ nephew ,devadatta2 8 y\ng] bro!r-monkey ,an&a1 & t _! bl9d "m 0 aft]w>ds re9c>nat$ 9 8 /ep- & fo/]-"m ,gotam#fg4 ,van ,erp gives u at la/ an explanation ( ano!r relievo we see on ! l[] s]ies ( ! same wall1 b ?is hasn't be5 engrav$ 9 ,leemans' "w ei!r4 ,consult+ ! gr\nd-plan we come across numb] #abj :i* ref]s to ! panel x has be5 sculptur$ ^u4 ,van ,erp possesses a photography ( ?is4 ,x corresponds pretty well to ! relievoes ,i describ$ z #aa & #ab ( ! upp] s]ies beh9d ! second corn] s\? ( ! ea/]n /aircase1 because 9 ! two jtakas ! ,bodhisattva repres5ts a h>e :o fl+s h]self into a fire to fe$ a hungry travell]2 9 ?is ,syasya-jtaka h[ev]1 ! m5tion$ hungry man does n repres5t ! deity ,indra b r a risyi or ana*orete1 :o rescues ! h>e out ( ! flames z well z ,indra did4 ,i fur!r m5tion t ea* ( ! t]races "u foot lies ab\t #c y>ds high] ?an ! prec$+ "o1 & communicates ) ea* o!r by /aircases ( ab\t #aj treads on an av]age4 ,fur!r1 t ea* gall]y betwe5 ! walls is ab\t #b y>ds wide1 & t ^! walls h a ?ickness ( #a y>d4 ,& f9ally1 t !re are among ! ar*itectural ornam5ts1 ,i didn't m5tion1 num]\s nga-heads ) op5$ mules & upw>d curl$ trunks :i* =m]ly c>ri$ (f ! ra9-wat] 7f "u all ^! walls7 to outside f t]race to t]race4 ,n[adays ?is wat] p]meates ?r\gh ! "t-worn /ones into ! r loose soil ( ! hill till "u ! ru94 ,dropp+ ?r\gh all l[] jo9ts1 & betwe5 ! /ones fall+ asund] m & m ^u :i* ! heavy /pa has be5 built1 x c't be o!rwise or all ?is is to de/roy ! ru9 m & m1 & soon] or lat] !re w come a "t :5 ! temple itself %all p>tly or :olly fall to ! gr\nd1 444 :5 ! ,dut* ,gov]nm5t don't "k to prev5t ?is by do+ all t w be indisputably necess>y4 ,& z x is a tru? n to be d5i$ t sol> heat & ra9-wat] are ! two prevail+ factors to cause ! de/ruction ( ^! & o!r ru9s ! only way to prev5t all ?is mu/ be !re=e f\nd by %utt+ out sol>-heat & ra91 t is1 by means ( a protect+ cov] su* z drawn up & (f]$ to ! ,dut* ,gov]nm5t by ,mr4 van de ,kam]4 ,any o!r mann] ( 8re/oration0 w turn out to be a failure ev5 :5 "o may succe$ 9 jo9+ toge!r all loose /ones1 & 9 cem5t+ all ! gaps4 ,= ! /one itself 7&esit-lava7 is s v por\s t is us$ any:]e 9 ,java = filt]+-/ones4 ,h[ev]1 x doesn't alt] ! fact t !re w be no mu* *ance t ! ,dut* ,gov]nm5t w d :at ,i also recomm5d$ h] z ! only ?+ ne$ful4#fh ,! late ,dr4 ,br&es1 ! fir/ (ficial presid5t ( ! 8,oudheidkundige ,kommissie voor ,java en ,mado]a0 _h propos$ a f> less sov]eign b *eap] ef=t to ! rectification ( ?is sorr[ful /ate ( ?+s1 & ev5 ! au?orities 9 ,ne!rl& concurr$ ) ?is idea ( 81 ?\gh !y w\ld be incl9$ to ?9k q o!rwise if !y c\ld unprejudic$ly exam9e ?is "q 9 loco4 ,& ! newly appo9t$ presid5t1 ! compet5t s*ol> & great au?ority on ,indian matt]s1 %all he ?9k o!rwise8#fi4 ,or w ! ra9-wat] cont9ually p]meate ?r\gh & "u ! invaluable ru91 & c>ry away its bottom1 & assure at la/ ! ru9 ( ! ri*e/ & mo/ beautiful ,h9du-"w ( art we possess1 :i*1 9 all ,india & ev5 9 ! ma9l&1 speaks ( ! ,buddha8444 ,%\ld we !n1 z a civilis$ colonis+ p[]1 n be wor?y ( su* a treasure8 ,oh1 c\ld ,i only p]suade ! ,indian & ,dut* au?orities into will+ & act+ 9 q ano!r & bett] s5se6 ,! major ( ! ,indian eng9e] corps1 ,mr4 van ,erp1 did ev]y?+ he c\ld1 not)/&+ ! limit$ means ! ,dut* ,gov]nm5t all[$ him to dispose (1 & he consequ5tly co-op]at$ to ! pres]vation ( ?is preci\s ru9 = a long] or %ort] p]iod ( "t4 ,b ?is is n yet en\gh4 ,grant+ ! means ( our 7,dut*7 small empire to be too feeble to su* a purpose--:y !n n try to =m a ,brbudur-,society l ! ,fr5* f\nd$ a ,socit d',angkor 9 behalf ( ! ru9s ( ,kamboja1 :i* n only f\nd support f ! side ( fell[-c\ntry-m5 9 ,europe & ,f>!r-,india or any:]e else1 b also f =eign]s8 ,x4 ,f9d+ ourselves on ! f\r? gall]y we see !re twelve-tread$ /aircases lead+ to ! tw5ty-angl$ upp] plane :i* _h be5 wall$ 9 to its outside only4 ,successively 7conc5trically ?us7 we see !re ?ree circul> t]races cont9ually ris+ "o y>d & a half1 decl9+ ?ree y>ds1 & connect$ ) ea* o!r by means ( sev5 or eight-tread$ /aircases4 ,along ! out]-edge ( ! fir/ we see /& #cb op5 work$ dagobs or tyaityas2 on ! second !re are #bd1 & on ! ?ird & highe/ #af1 s altoge!r #gb4 ,& )9 ?is circle rises ! maje/ic middl$agob z ! only real dagob or /pa repres5t+ ! lead+ idea1 ! f9al purpose ( ! :ole ru94 ,:5 /&+ on ! polygonal upp] plane ! space betwe5 ! spires ( ni*es & tyaityas ( ! highe/ wall (f]s a /rik+ly beautiful aspect deep d[n & f> (f on ! surr\nd+ m\nta9\s l&scapes2 a vi/a we enjoy f> bett] :5 f ! ?ird & highe/ circul> t]race4 ,! :ole valley ( ,prg lies !re we/w>d at ! foot ( m\nt ,mnoreh1 a neptunian =mation ( volcanic mat]ials--&1 to ! ea/1 ( ! high tw9 volcanoes ,mrbabu & ,mrapi1 &1 to ! nor?1 ( ! ,sumb+1 ! highe/ volcano ( ?is "p ( ,c5tral ,java4 ,all ! op5 work$ tyaityas ( ! r\nd t]races h a r\nd foot model$ l a lotus-cu%ion do+ duty z ,padmsana :i* c>ries ! sculpture 7plac$ !reupon & inside7 ) its bell-%ap$ b>r[4 ,! bell ) squ>e op5+s has a height ( #a y>d c>ry+ a slant+ly ris+ squ>e /one-block cr[n$ ) an octangul> cone r\nd$ (f on its top#gj4 ,! l>ge middle-dagob has ! same type1 b its wails p>tly rise 9 a p]p5dicul> l9e above ! foot nicely fram$ & hewn 9 ! /yle ( a colossal lotus-cu%ion 9 ord] to f9i% into a flat cupola ris+ = at lea/ #h y>ds above ! highe/ circul> t]race4 ,x 0 van ,erp :o f\nd back "s fragm5ts ( ! l>ge cone1 :i* once cr[n$ ?is real dagob1 s t he 0 able to f9i% aga9 ?is /pa1 n[ :olly clos$ aga91 & cr[n$ once m ) ! basis ( ! cone4 ,! unf9i%$ ,buddha image f\nd inside 9 its bhumi-sp>sya-mudr _h be5 kept outside1 & provisionally deposit$ on ! hill at ! nor?-we/]n foot ( ! ru94 ,n[ x w be impossible to rea* ?is dagob's top because ! temple-/one /aircase lead+ to ?is 7x %\ld be und]/ood h[ev]1 t ! /aircase itself did n belong !re71 has be5 remov$1 b a walk on ! highe/ t]race situat$ at ! foot "s #dj y>ds above ! hill-top is /ill wor? :ile1 & ! eyes are pleas$ !n ) ! v same beautiful vi/a =m]ly to be ov]look$ f a brick b5* plac$ on ! damag$ cupola1 & ov]burd5$ z x 7 ) ! names ( unkn[n visitors scrat*$ ^u x4 ,deep1 ev] gre5+ & bloom+1 or1 9 h>ve/-"t1 br[n-yell[ or e>?-color$ planes1 mo/ (t5 cl\d-likely b$ew$ e>ly at morn1 brea?+ life & enjoym5t ( life1 s to say "u ! p[]ful ribs ( m\nt ,mnoreh1 badly bur/5 & highly cr[n$1 & ! cl\d-l tops ( crat]s ( m ?an ?ree volcanoes1 & ! active ,mrapi /ill vomitt+ dea? or de/ruction 9 _! surr\nd+s1 b also produc+ new life on ! soil all cov]$ ) "t-worn volcanic-ru9s4 ,9 face ( su* a /up5d\s creation we feel v little--yet1 z ! *ildr5 ( ! v same creation1 ri*1 & z ?9k+ be+s happy & great#ga4 ,,xi4 ,x only rema9s = me n[ to add a %ort description to ! ,buddha sculptures :i* made ! ru9 call3 ,bra-budd or ,pr budd1 t is1 ! _m or conjo9t ,buddhas4#gb4 ,all ( !m are 9 a sitt+ po/ure ) cross$ legs1 almo/ 9 ! same po/ure ! ,javanese call sil1 b upright4 ,!y are dress$ 9 a ?9 mantle uncov]+ _! "r arms & %\ld]s--su* z ! monks ( ! s\!rn *ur* we> _! c[ls--& h ! ti>a1 ! r\nd hair-knot1 on _! heads all cov]$ ) %ort curls4 ,ev5 ! rn1 ! little tuft ( hair on _! fronts is /ill to be se5 on _m a sculpture1 & on ! o!r ones1 less accurately hewn1 !y are =gott5#gc4 ,! po/ure ( all ( !m tells resignation & peace1 & may speak ( ! lat] f9al dissolv+ 9 ! nirvna1 ! joy- & pa9less n-to-be4 ,b ! sculptor didn't succe$ 9 int]pret+ all ! sculptures 9 ?is s5se4 ,n all ! sculptors _h be5 equally good arti/s = !y mu/ h _h mu* m "w ! be/ ( !m might h f9i%$ alone4 ,among ! sculptures plac$ opposite ! five zones ( heav51 ! ,ea/1 ,s\?1 ,we/ & ,nor? & ! ,z5i?1 !re is to be se5 a slight diff]5ce 9 ! po/ure ( ! "r h&s1 & some?+ m diff]5ce 9 ! po/ure ( ! two h&s ) reg>d to ^? sculptures we see on ! r\nd t]races4 ,all ! sculptures on ! five encircl+ walls h be5 hewn ) _! left h&s 9 _! laps1 t is1 ) ! palm on ! "r foot4 ,^? on ! f\r l[] walls h 7on ! ea/ side7 _! "r h&s ) _! backs1 on ! s\? side ^! v same h&s ) ! palms upw>ds on ! "r knees2 ^? ( ! we/ 7opposite to ! sett+ sun7 hold bo? _! h&s 9 _! laps1 & ^? ( ! nor? rise _! "r h&s a little above ! "r ?igh1 palm =w>d1 & ! five f+]s clos$ toge!r 9 a p]p5dicul> l9e4 ,! sculptures ( ! :ole fif? & highe/ walls dom9at+ all ! regions ( heav5 only di/+ui% !mselves f ^? on ! nor!rn l[] walls by means ( ! b5t index ( ! rais$ "r h& =m+ a clos$ circle ) ! some:at jo9$ ?umb1 t is1 because ( ! /one's brittl5ess4 ,! sculptures ( ! op5 work$ tyaityas on ! ?ree r\nd t]races h[ev]1 raise _! two h&s be=e ! epiga/ric region1 ! left "o ) ! palm & ! b5t f+]-tips 9 an upw>d direction1 ! "r "o ) ! palm to ! left & ! f+]s b5t ov] ^? ( ! o!r h&#gd4 ,moreov]1 !y all miss ! glory & h n be5 plac$ 9 op5 temple-ni*es above a human & my?ical- & animal _w repres5t$ by _m sculptures1 b hewn 9 transp>5tly clos$ graves1 & 9 high] sph]es above ?is _w4 ,!re is consequ5tly m diff]5ce ?an betwe5 ! sculptures ( ! five encircl+ walls4 ,!re is /ill ano!r sculpture unique ( its k9d4 ,:51 a long "t ago1 9 ! beg9n+ ( our la/ c5tury1 ! middle-dagob 0 op5$ a d\ble space 0 f\nd inside1 a small] above a l>g] "o1 &1 among o!rs1 a ,buddha image correspond+ 9 size to all o!r sculptures1 :]eas ! po/ure ( ! h&s talli$ ) ^? on ! ea/]n l[] walls#ge4 ,?is image hav+ be5 unf9i%$ c't be ascrib$ to ! m]e/ *ance or to an untimely /op ( ! temple-build+1 because ! dagob itself1 :]e x _h be5 :olly clos$ 91 0 f9i%$ aft]w>ds4 ,s x mu/ h be5 int5tionally left 9 ?is /ate1 b ,i c't possibly accept ! supposition t x %\ld ref] to ! future fif? ,dhyni-,buddha 9 /ate ( be+4 ,a future1 n yet exi/+ ,buddha c't be mat]ializ$ by a half-sculptur$ image1 & ! fif? ,dhyni-,buddha is nev] hew$ 9 ! po/ure ( ! h&s ( ! second1 b always1 su* z on ! nor!rn l[] walls1 9 8 own mudr :]eas ! future ,buddhas z ,bodhisattvas 7 repres5t$ n only 9 o!r po/ures b also 9 ano!r dress & ornam5t & ) _! own attributes4 ,besides1 ! hypo!sis *all5g$ by me w\ld n yet solve /ill exi/+ my/]ies1 b w\ld only give rise to o!r enigmas :i* don't br+ u any f>!r4 ,! explanation ( ! fact may be mu* simpl]4 ,i ?9k x may h be5 consid]$ q unnecess>y to f9i% a sculpture 9 su* an accurate mann] l all ! o!r ones1 if x %\ld be hidd5 f sight = ev]4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ^! diff]5t ,buddhas8 ,accord+ to ! po/ure ( ! h&s we may divide !m into six--accord+ to o!r data into ?ree gr\ps4 ,no?+ m & no?+ less4 ,! ?ree gr\ps are3 #a4 ,! #dcb ,buddhas ( ! op5 temple-ni*es on ! five ri*ly hew$ encircl+ walls1 all ( !m seat$ on lotus-?rones & cr[n$ ) glories4 #b4 ,! #gb ,buddhas ( ! op5 work$ tyaityas on ! ?ree r\nd t]races1 )\t any glory or lotus-?rone b repres5t$ by ! padmsana ( ! tyaitya-foot4 ,b ev5 ! human & animal _w hewn "u ! ni*e-,buddhas we don't see !re aga94 #c4 ,! only ,buddha ( ! l>ge dagob entirely seque/]$1 )\t glory or ?rone1 b seat$ above ! padmsana :i* c>ries ! :ole dagob4 ,! po/ure ( ! h&s h[ev]1 ought to ref] to six gr\ps1 because !re are six diff]5t mudrs4 ,wilhelm von ,humboldt 0 ! fir/ :o consid]$ five ( ! six ,buddhas to be ! repres5tations ( ! five ,dhyni-,buddhas4 ,?ree ( !m3 ,vairotyana1 ,ak%obhya & ,ratna ,sambhava successively r$eem$ & rul$ ov] ?ree foll[+ =m] worlds2 ! f\r?1 ,amitbha--our ,gautama or ,%akya-muni--rul$ ov] our _w ^! #bd c5turies1 & is said to be succe$$1 aft] ! creation ( a new _w1 by ! fif? & la/1 ,amogasiddha1 ! ,buddha ( love4 ,especially 9 ! po/ure ( ! h&s !re is "s con=mity betwe5 five ( ! six ,brbudur-images & ! five ,dhyni-,buddhas su* z we see !m hew$ 9 ,asia4 ,b !re are also "s po9ts ( diff]5ce4 ,9 ! ,mongol c\ntries1 = in/ance1 ! two fir/ ,dhyni-,buddhas are ?ron+ 9 ! ,ea/2 ! ?ird 9 ! ,s\?1 ! f\r? 9 ! ,we/ & ! fif? 9 ! ,nor?#gf4 ,tak+1 accord+ to ! po/ure ( ! h&s1 ! images ( our ru9s to be ,dhyni-,buddhas ! ,ea/ w\ld !n be only occupi$ by ! second & ! z5i? by ! fir/ ( !m1 t is1 above ! r\nd t]races :i* don't dom9ate any region ( heav54 ,b ?is happ5s m else:]e 9 ,asia4 ,b :i* w be ! six? ,buddha repres5t$ !re by all ! sculptures ( ! fif? & highe/ encircl+ wall1 & dom9at+ all ! zones ( heav51 b :i* c't be a ,dhyni-,buddha8 ,t's a new enigma rightly expla9$ by ! k+ ( ,siam1 ,i suppose1#gg & :i* ,i'm go+ to %[ directly4 ,& t ! unf9i%$ ,buddha ( ! l>ge dagob c't repres5t ! fif? ,dhyni-,buddha appe>s f ! po/ure ( ! h&s :i* w\ld ref] to ! second1 #ib times hew$ on ! ea/]n l[]-walls4 ,%\ld x repres5t a ,dhyni-,buddha1 x mu/ be ?is "o & = su* an idea ,i c't f9d any reason4 ,_h ! ,mahyni/s _h ! int5tion to place !re "o ( _! five ,dhyni-,buddhas1 !y surely w\ld h r5d]$ homage to _! own ,r$eem]1 ! f\r?4 ,! f\r o!r ones may h only _h a leg5d>y-hi/orical s5se1 consequ5tly also ! second4 ,9 spite ( ! mudr ( ?is second ,dhyni-,buddha ! image itself %\ld n be meant z ,ak%obhya1 b simply z ! p]fect ,buddha1 ! ,%akya hav+ tak+ fle% z ,buddha--= ?is is ! mean+ ( ?is mudr ev5 to ! ,buddhi/s ( ! s\!rn *ur* :o don't "k sev]al ,dhynis b ! only ,buddha4 ,& z ^! five ,dhyni-,buddhas don't :olly expla9 ! images ( ! ,brbudur1 & don't :olly exp\nd ! six?1 ,i !re=e ?\ght x reasonable to take all ! ,buddhas ( ! five encircl+ walls z "o sep>at$ gr\p1 ^? ( ! ?ree circul> t]races z a second1 & ! ones ( ! clos$ dagob z ! only repres5tative ( a ?ird1 :]eas ! plac+ ( ! sculptures on ^! five walls %\ld be connect$ ) ! five zones ( heav5 ,siddhrta took possession ( aft] 8 bir?#gh4 ,%\ld ?is gr\p repres5t ! ,buddha p]haps1 ) ref]5ce to ! human- & animal _w describ$ by ! sculptures hew$ b5ea? !re1 we !n may ref] to ,wils5's & ,leemans' & accept ! images 7tak5 f ! m5tion$ _w7 ( ! upp]-t]races to be ! ,buddha z ,arahat 9 a /ate ( supreme purity or hol9ess1 9 ! nirvna1 p]haps4 ,! ,buddha :olly enclos$ by ! l>ge dagob1 & s positively sep>at$ f ! _w1 may ref] to ! p>9irvna1 t is1 ! :olly dissolv+ 9 ! inf9ite n-to-be2 dea? )\t reg5]ation1 ! f9al purpose ( all life#gi4 ,= ?is dagob is a clos$ grave 9 :i* = ab\t1 or at lea/1 elev5 c5turies ago ! ,buddhi/s may h hidd5 ! vase conta9+ "s a%es ( ! really di$ ,buddha2 a trace ( ! rema9d]s ( ! great wise man1 ! spotless prea*]2 a m9im quantity ( ! ,ma/]'s a%es1 ! div9e r$eem] ( all t lives & suff]s1 t ?9ks1 feels & dies4 ,mr4 ,f\*] />ts f ! pr9ciple t he doesn't l to contradict ! explanation z if ^! ,buddha images 7 to repres5t ,dhyni-,buddhas1 b he means t !y %\ld be exam9$ m closely1 & complet$1 & t ! diff]5t gr\ps ought to be judg$ aga9 aft] sev]e /udy4 ,z = ! pres5t he disc]ns3 #a1 ! bhunisp>sya mudr 9 ! #ib ni*es on ! #d fir/ walls to ! ,ea/2 #b1 to ! ,s\? ! v>a-mudr2 #c1 to ! ,we/ ! dhyni-mudr2 #d1 to ! ,nor? ! abhaya-mudr1 & #e1 9 ! #fd ni*es on ! fif? & highe/ wall ! vit>ka-mudr 7! ge/ure ( discussion7 & high]1 among ! #gb cupolae ( ! #c circul> t]races3 #f1 ! dh>ma-tyakra-mudr 7m>k ( di/9ction71 & f9ally ! only sculpture f ! :olly clos$ dagob1 hew$ 9 ! bhumi-sp>sya-mudr4 ,s !re is a slight diff]5ce betwe5 ,f\*]'s idea ab\t ! nor?-indian ,mahyni/s & my def5d$ explanation ( ! ,siam ,hnayni/s4 8,?is is ,buddha prea*+ ! tyakra0 said k+ ,tsyula ,longkorn to me1 8& ?is means ! tyakra01 jo9+ ! tops ( ! ?umb & ! index ( 8 "r h& s z to =m some?+ l a circle4 ,?is seem$ conv9c+ to me1 & ,i f\nd ?is idea confirm$ n only on all & /ill undamag$ /atues on ! highe/ wall1 b also1 & especially1 on a great _m relievoes ( ! second gall]y :i* repres5t ! ,buddha 9 a prea*+ po/ure4 ,x is true t ! exactness ( ?is view ( m9e _h be5 indirectly d5i$ by my great (ficial antagoni/1 ! late ,dr4 ,br&es1 b nev] did he dispute or refute ?is sci5tifically4 ,mr4 ,gro5eveldt1 =m]ly ! mo/ compet5t au?ority on our ,h9du sculptures 9 ! ,dut* ,indies1 ?\ght ! unf9i%$ image ( ! middle-dagob to be a repres5tation ( ! ,adi-,buddha1 & ?is w\ld c]ta9ly h exp\nd$ ?is /atue 9 x sep>ately plac+1 if ?is immat]ial primeval ,buddha might h be5 ev] repres5t$ 9 a mat]ial image4 ,& !re are m objections ?an only ?is imp]sonality ( ! div9e primeval be+ mat]ially reveal+ himself 9 ! diff]5t ,buddhas1 & consequ5tly n hew$ at ,nepl & ,tibet b only repres5t$ by a symbol1 a circle or two eyes#hj4 ,w\ld ! mahyni/ic ar*itects ( ! ,brbudur h act$ 9 q a diff]5t s5se8 ,i don't see any ,dhyni-,buddha 9 ?is ,buddha1 b only ! p]fect prea*] hav+ tak5 fle% z ! ,buddha1 ! ,ma/]1 :o1 ?\gh he did die1 cont9ues to live z long z ?is 8 _w w exi/4 ,ea* po/ure ( ! h&s has its own mean+1 & !re are mu* m ?an five mudrs ev5 9 ! hnayni/ic c\ntries l ,siam :]e "o doesn't "k any ,dhyni-,buddha4 ,?is also ref]s to ! po/ure ( ! six?1 = a long "t unexpla9$ ,buddha on ! highe/ encircl+ wall ^: mudr 0 rightly call$ dh>ma tyakra#ha4 ,?umb & index1 circul>ly jo9$ toge!r1 repres5t ! tyakra1 god ,vi%nu's disc1 ! sun1 ! symbol ( ! dh>ma1 ! buddhi/ic ,doctr9e4 ,buddha has be5 consequ5tly hew$ !re z prea*]1 prea*+ ! doctr9e to all p1 & consequ5tly t[>ds all ! regions ( heav54 ,& ?is tea*+ ( ! k+-,buddhi/ has be5 p]fectly confirm$ by ! fact t on all ! sculptures 7especially on ^? we also see on ! backwall ( ! second gall]y7 ! ?umb & ! index jo9 ea* o!r 9 ! v same mann]4 ,t ?is prea*+ prea*] has be5 plac$ ^u ! highe/ wall w be easily und]/ood if we consid] ! prea*+ ( ! doctr9e to be ! highe/ vital expression ( ,buddhism1 & possibly ref]r$ to bo? ! _w ( ! f\r zones ( heav5 & to ! "o ( ! cele/ials 9 ! z5i?4 ,,xii4 ,a few rem>ks ab\t ! sculptures ( ! orig9al foot ( ! out]-wall we didn't discov] be=e #ahhf4 ,9 #ahij ,i propos$ !m to be uncov]$ & photograph$1 aft]w>ds !y 7 cov]$ aga9 9 ! anci5t mann]1 & hidd5 f sight4 ,!y h be5 hew$ on a project+ wall-foot :i* goes tol]ably deep b5ea? ! heavy ogive1 n[ re/+ z a socle aga9 on ! surr\nd+ out]-t]race t has be5 aft]w>ds built all r\nd ! #cf-;angl$ basis ( ! temple1 b only on #bd ( ! #dj panels4 ,! two sides ( ea* ( ! d\ble =e-build+s ( ! f\r temple-fronts built t[>ds ! diff]5t zones ( heav51 hav5't be5 adorn$ ) any sculpture1 b ! /aircases divide ! f\r middle =e-build+s into two panels4 ,ea* ( ! #bd hew$ panels conta9s six or eight imag]ies "o metre long by ab\t #hj in*es high4 ,a sy/em ( flat frames might h sep>at$ ! :ole s]ies f ! m5tion$ ogive1 s to say1 a regul> comb9ation int]rupt$ by ! /aircases only4 ,if ! #afj sc5es :i* =m ?is comb9ation are to repres5t a s]ies ( foll[+ ev5ts or leg5ds we !n mu/ try to f9d ! beg9n+ 7l on ne>ly all o!r h9du temples7 to ! s\? ( ! ea/]n /aircase foll[+ x f !re ?r\gh ! ,s\?1 ,we/ & ,nor? till ! />t+-po9t 9 ! ,ea/4 ,?is didn't happ5 & c\ld n h happ5$ :5 !y 7 photograph$ because ! tempor>y uncov]+ began & 0 cont9u$ at m ?an "o place at ! same "t )\t kn[+ h[ _m sculptures !re w\ld be f\nd4 ,!y h be5 m>k$ on ! cli*s ) capital lett]s = ! diff]5t panels1 & ) figures = ! sc5es ( ea* panel 7f #a till #f or #a till #h71 b ^! numb]s h be5 occasionally notic$ 9 a j direction1 & f "t to "t 9 a rev]s$ successive numb]4 ,on a few copies we don't see any lett] & numb]2 !y may h be5 cut (f ) ! m>g9 ( papi]4 ,=tunately1 ! figures 9 lead p5cil on ! back-side c\ld assi/ me1 ?\gh !y sometimes />t$ f q a wrong po9t4 ,! ,dut* ,gov]nm5t ord]$ #ae pair ( photos to be tak5 f ^! cli*s1 & pres5t$ !m to special musea or societies4 ,i1 ! s*em] ( ! plan1 d n belong to ! fav\r$4 ,b ! aft]w>ds wreck$ ,ar*aeological ,society did1 not)/&+ ,i1 h] presid5t1 s5t ?is plan to ! ,gov]nm5t = ab\t #be ye>s ago#hb4 ,^? :o desire to exam9e ^! photos w f9d "h ! lett]s & figures 9 ! j successive numb] ( ! sculptures to beg9 ) ,c #a s\? ( ! ea/]n /aircase4 ,c1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e & #f2 ,b1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g & #h2 ,a1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e & #f2 ,u1 #f1 #e1 #d1 #c1 #b & #a2 ,t1 #h1 #g1 #f1 #e1 #d1 #c1 #b & #a2 ,s1 #f1 #e1 #d1 #c1 #b & #a2 ,s1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e & #f2 ,r1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g & #h2 ,q1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e & #f2 ,p1 #f1 #e1 #d1 #c1 #b & #a2 ,o1 #h1 #g1 #f1 #e1 #d1 #c1 #b & #a2 ,n1 #f1 #e1 #d1 #c1 #b & #a2 ,n1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e & #f2 ,m1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g & #h2 ,l1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e & #f2 ,k1 #f1 #e1 #d1 #c1 #b & #a2 ,i1 #h1 #g1 #f1 #e1 #d1 #c1 #b & #a2 ,h1 #f1 #e1 #d1 #c1 #b & #a2 ,h1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e & #f2 ,g1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g & #h2 ,f1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e & #f2 ,e1 #f1 #e1 #d1 #c1 #b & #a2 ,d1 #h1 #g1 #f1 #e1 #d1 #c1 #b & #a2 ,c1 #f1 #e1 #d1 #c1 #b & #a2 ,six ( ^! #afj sculptures are badly damag$ :il/ "o ( !m is :olly lo/4 7,r4 #e74 ,sev5 h less suff]$4 ,tw5ty repres5tations rema9$ p>tially unf9i%$ 7,c #c & #d1 ,b #g1 ,a #b1 ,u #d1 ,s #a1 ,o #g1 ,n #e1 ,m #b1 ,k #d & #c1 ,h #b1 ,h #a1 ,g #d & #h1 ,f #b1 #d & #f1 ,d #c & ,c #d74 ,p>tly f9i%$ b = ! re/ n yet drawn 9 ! r\gh are #c sc5es 7,h #a1 ,f1 & ,d #d7 :]eas "o 7,i #a7 has be5 sc>cely sket*$4 ,on ! flat frame above ! s]ies we see a few %ort indications engrav$ 9 anci5t-javanese *>act]s--dat+1 accord+ to pr(essor ,k]n1 f ab\t ! ye> #hjj ( ! ,syaka-era1--r\ghly hew$ & 9 a p]functory mann]1 z if x 7 scrat*$ 9 /one ) a knife or a *isel1 t is1 above ,h #a1 #b1 #c & #d 7twice72 #e 7bis7 & #f 7bis72 ,f #a1 #d1 & #e2 ,e #f & #e2 ,d #h1 #f 7bis71 #e 7bis71 #d1 #c & #a 7bis7#hc4 ,"s ( ^! leg5ds are no m or h>dly to be read b ! o!r ones read by ,dr4 ,j4 ,br&es don't tea* u any m ?an t :i* we may und]/& by closely exam9+ ! repres5tations !mselves1 = in/ance1 t ! smbah ( ! p]sons seat$ ar\nd a tomb or sanctu>y ref]s to a rev]5ce to a tyaitya#hd4 ,"s inscriptions may conta9 ! "n ( ! p]son to be hew$1 & to assi/ ! sculptor4 ,! unf9i%$ & sc>cely sket*$ sculptures prove u t !y1 su* z on o!r tyanis at ,p>ambanan1 h be5 h>dly hew$ "h on ! walls ( ! f9i%$ temples4 ,9 ^! sculptures ,i c\ld n h recognis$ any cont9u\s s]ies4 ,among _m a dome/ic & "s rural sc5es ,i saw two or ?ree f[l+s ) a pea-%oot] or b[ & arr[ 7,m #e & #c71 & "o fi%+ 7,i #f72 "o w>-dance 7,c #e7 & "s o!r danc+s on ! occasion ( :i* a w9d-in/rum5t provid$ ) a bagpipe 7,s #b & ,r4 #ag7 0 play$ on4 ,fur!r !re are (f]+s ( food or fl[]s to ,bodhisattvas or o!r v5]able p]sonalities1 & once to ! ,dhyni-,buddha ,amitbha1 ! ,r$eem] ( ?is _w 7,k #c71 by six cr[n$ m5 & to be di/+ui%$ by _! glories 7,bodhisattvas p]haps87 ,on "o sculpture 7,k #b7 ,amitbha 787 has be5 f\r times repres5t$ z an ascetic 9 ! wild]ness4 ,sometimes !re are hew$ demons or raksyasas1 mo/ (t5 attack+ or kill+ o!r p 7,m #b1 #c1 #f1 #g & #h72 tyaityas are to be se5 m ?an once 7,u #c1 ,t #f1 #d & #c1 ,k #d1 ,g #f1 ,f #f1 ,e #f1 ,d #h1 #f & #c1 & ,c #f74 ,bodhi-trees cov]$ by payongs & "s g&h>vas "u _! %ade1 su* z to be f\nd m ?an once 9 ! ,p>ambanan ru9s & speak+ ( ,buddhism ev5 !re1 h be5 hew$ five times 7,k #f1 ,g #d1 ,f #c 7bis7 ,e #d & ,c #f71 & once ) a payong only 7,d #a74 ,vi%nu's tyakra has be5 once repres5t$ on a lotus-cu%ion 9 ! sky 7,c #b74 ,conclud+ ^w4 ,9 a small compass ,i suppose to h m5tion$ all t may be discuss$ ab\t ! ?ree buddhi/ic monum5ts speak+ 9 ?is valley1 on ! two banks ( ! riv] ,prg1 ( a =m] high civilisation & ( a v develop$ art4 ,^? :o require1 or desire1 a bett] insight into ! anci5t ,buddhism1 & ^? :o wi% to "k m ab\t its sanctu>ies to be f\nd "h 9 ,java & else:]e 9 ,india1 are k9dly ref]r$ to ! works ,i consult$ by ! /udy ( ?is subject1 & to ^? ,i wrote myself & :i* h be5 = ! great] "p m5tion$ 9 or at ! bottom ( ! text ( ?is little book4 ,grant+ ,buddhism to h be5 lo/ 9 ,java & else:]e 9 ,india1--yet1 x /ill exi/s1 m or less deg5]at$1 /ill c\nt+ m foll[]s ?an any o!r religion ev] c\nt$1 & its lucky fre$om f bigotry1 especially 9 ! hnayni/ic c\ntries1 & noble doctr9e ( love & self-comm& is rais$ above all suspicion#he4 ,jogjak>t1 ,octob]1 ,novemb] #aijf1 & #aiaa4 ,,footnotes4 #a,see1 among o!rs1 ,h4 ,k]n's 8,ges*i$5is van het ,bo$dhisme01 ,,ii1 page #cjh & foll[+ ones1 & ,dr4 ,s4 ,lefman's 8,ges*i*te des alt5 ,indins01 ,b]l9 #ahhj1 page #gfh & foll[+ ones1 & ! engrav+s on page #gfi & ! picture 8,d] ,aokafels5 van ,girn>od5 ,jungadh im ,jahre #ahfi01 9 ! #c;d numb] ( ?is "w opposite to page #beg4 #b,see my illu/rat$ "w publi%$ 9 #ahic by 8het ,kon9klijk ,in/ituut voor de ,taal-1 ,l&- en ,volk5kunde van ,n4 ,i40 entitl$3 8,tyani ,p>ambanan na de ontgrav+0 & !re9 ! photo's ( _m deities repres5t$ z ,bodhisat?vas1 & my 8,bo$dhi/is*e tempel- en kloo/]-b\wvall5 9 de ,p>ambanan-vlakte04 ,surabaya #aijg4 #c;,9 ! ,buddha pagodae ,i visit$ 9 ,ceylon1 at ,colombo & its environs1 ,i saw badly hewn or col\r$ images ( ,%iva & ( ,ganesja4 ,! monks call$ ^! images ! repres5tations ( ,buddha4 #d,see ! ,engli% translation ( 8 8,record ( ! ,buddhi/ ,religion z practis$ 9 ,india & ! ,malay ,ar*ipelago 7,a4 ,d4 #fga-fie70 by ! ,japanese s*ol> ,i ,takakusu41 provid$ ) a preface ( pr( ,max ,mll] & publi%$ by ! ,cl>5don press at ,ox=d 9 #ahif4 ,pages ,,xxii1 ,,xxv1 ,,xxxix & ,,xlviii ( ! 8,g5]al ,introduction40 #e;,9 a temple at ,k&y 9 ,ceylon is kept a too? :i*1 ?\gh ( animal orig91 took ! place ( a =m] s-call$ ,buddha-too? :i* has be5 de/roy$ by fire4 ,?is too?1 nam$ ,dalada1 is tak5 c>e (1 & hon\r$ too4 ,& ! holie/ pagoda 9 ?is isl&1 ! ,?up>ama1 possesses "o ( ,buddha's clavicles1 accord+ to ! ass]tion ( its believ]s c]ta9ly ) z mu* "r z ! ,ca?olic ,*ri/ians ma9ta9 ! g5u95ess ( _m a relic ( ,jesus & ! apo/les4 #f;,ev5 ! a%es ( o!r sa9ts1 pr9ces & noble m51 ( gurus or tea*]s1 ( prie/s or monks1 7 occasionally put away 9 su* graves ^u :i* arose ! glori\s mausolea ! ru9s ( :i* we /ill admire at ?is day4 #g;,x won't d ma9ta9+ t ^! dagobs %\ld h be5 =m$ aft] ! lotus1 ! holy padma1 & t its op5+s 9 ! transp>5t dagobs on ! r\nd t]races above ! ,brbudur mu/ repres5t ! empty se$-holes ( ! nurs]y ( ! ripe lotus4 ,! leaves ( a lotus 7,nelumbium speciosum ,willd7 fall (f be=e b5d+ d[nw>d1 & !n ! p]ic>p only rema9s on its /em l a urn$ cone or cupola ^: flat1 upright$ & aft]w>ds1 by ! sagg+ ( ! )]+ /em1 d[nright$ base has be5 /ung by ! se$-holes4 ,n ! bell-%ap$ sides1 = !y rema9 clos$4 ,s ^! op5+s mu/ h q ano!r s5se ?an ! "o d]iv$ f ! natural =m ( ! lotus-plant4 ,only ! r$ lotus1 ! ,nelumbium speciosum ref]r+ to all ?is1 & recognisable by its p$uncles & leaf /alks ris+ high above ! wat]1 has be5 frequ5tly repres5t$ on ,h9du temples4 ,b n ! :ite lotus1 ! ,nymphae ,lotus ,l9n41 ! leaves & fl[]s ( :i* are float+ on ! surface ( ! wat]4 #h,pr(essor ,k]n wrote to me t ! alphabetical writ+ ( ! inscriptions we see on "s demi-relievoes on ! out]-walls %\ld date f ! ye> #hjj1 or !reab\ts1 ( ! ,%aka era1 ?us our n9? c5tury4 ,& ?is r corresponds to ! age ( ! ,buddha temples 9 ! pla9 ( ,p>ambanan4 ,does n a /one ( "o ( ^! tyanis te/ify to ?is temple's hav+ be5 built 9 ! ye> #gja ( ! %aka era1 & d$icat$ to ! s]vice ( ,tr 9 hon\r ( ! pr9ce's guru or tea*]1 :o may h be5 buri$ !re8 ,& 9 ! ye> #dae ! ,*9ese ,buddhi/1 ,fa ,hi51 :5 9 ,java1 came across _m a brahm9 ,h9du4 ,he didn't speak ab\t ,buddhi/s1 b ?is circum/ance alone does n prove 8 n hav+ met co-religioni/s1 nor does x produce any evid5ce ( _! non-exi/5ce 9 ! int]ior ( ,java he didn't visit probably4 ,i ,ts+ see note says t ! inhabitants ( ,java & ( ! o!r isl&s ( ! ,ar*ipelago pr9cipally embrac$ ,hnaynism4 8,buddhism 0 444 *iefly ! ,hnayna0 7page ,,xlvii71 & 8! t5 or m isl&s ( ! ,s\!rn ,sea 7,sumatra1 ,java etc47 g5]ally belong to ! ,hnayna40 7page ,,xxx74 ,su* happ5$ 9 our sev5? c5tury4 #i,see 8 essay ab\t ,aymoni]'s3 8,le ,cambodge01 ,i1 writt5 9 ! 8,bullet9 de l',ecole franaise d',extrme-,ori5t01 ,,ii1 page #hc note #d4 #aj;,attap means palm-fronds us$ = ?at* by ! ,javanese 7,*amb]s74 ,! scaffold+ has be5 remov$ s9ce1 & ! /one ro( 0 rebuilt by ! major eng9e] ,van ,erp4 #aiaa4 #aa,?is prabha has be5 also re/or$4 #aiaa4 #ab,! heavy colonnades ( :i* w be sacrific$ to ! swell+ wat]s ( ! riv] ,nile4 ,b !y are doom$ to de/ruction because ?is /ream mu/ vivify ! ra9less c\ntry4 #ac;,i1 numb] #c1 p4 #bdi & ,,ii1 numb] #a1 p4 #bj & #cj4 #ad8,oudheidkundige ,aanteek5+50 ,,iv1 p4 #ei & #fj4 #ae,?is cone's top has be5 remov$ aga9 because ( ,mr4 van ,erp's hav+ be5 unable to prove 8 reproduction ( ?is cone ) its umbrellas to be inconte/ably true4 #af,?is idea ( m9e ab\t ! graduation ( ! ,brbudur's orig9 is giv5 z a que/ionable hypo!sis4 ,h[ev] great ! consequ5ces 71 we c n "k until we h comp>$ ! alto-relievoes ( ^! & o!r ,javanese ,h9du-temples ) ! artless wall-pa9t+s ,i saw 9 ! ,ceylon pagodae4 #ag;,buddha himself ?\ght x useless to pray1 b ! ,buddhi/s ( lat] times pray$ h[ev]1 b didn't wor%ip ! images !mselves4 ,! ,*9ese--v deg5]at$ ,buddhi/s--light _! pipes on ! flames ( ! consecrat$ waxc&les burn+ on ! alt>1 & consid] ?is no sacrilege4 #ah;,accord+ to ,rhys ,davids's "w1 nirvna means ! /ate ( hol9ess :i* ripes man = dea? )\t reg5]ation1 ! s-call$ p>9irvna4 ,b ! signification ( nirvna itself diff]s 9 proportion to "t & ca/e4 #ai,?is sup]/ratum is ab\t #b1e y>d high & #g y>ds wide4 ,! l[] t]race on ! outside 0 ab\t #c y>ds wid]1 & #a y>d high4 ,^! numb]s are ne>ly j & suffici5t en\gh to my purpose4 #bj;,at t "t ,i c\ld n h ?\ght ( a p]man5t uncov]+1 because ! pres]vation ( ! :ole ru9 w\ld h requir$ reta9-walls too exp5sive1 & too mu* disfigur+ ! temple itself4 ,! ar*itect van de ,kam] ?\ght x aft]w>ds possible1 b exp5sive1 to h ! ru9 re/or$ aga91 & its orig9al foot p]man5tly uncov]$4 ,sunlight1 heat & ra9-wat] h[ev]1 w\ld d mu* to its decay unless ! ru9 itself became :olly cov]$4 ,o!rwise ! "t-worn jo9ts becom+ m & m wide w\ld admit mu* m ra9-wat] betwe5 ! /ones into ! e>? ( ! hill "u ! ru91 & ?is e>? w\ld !n be c>ri$ away m rapidly ?an is ! case n[1 & h ! ru9 spoilt & decay$4 #ba;,above ! fir/ discov]$ imag]ies ( ! foot we f\nd inscriptions 9 anci5t ,javanese *>act]s scrat*$ 9 /one4 ,on ?is gr\nd ! ,society1 presid$ by myself1 propos$ ! ,dut* ,gov]nm5t to h ! :ole temple's foot uncov]$ 79 ! only way possible7 )\t endang]+ ! foot itself1 :il/ ! co/ 0 e/imat$ at #gfh4 ,! ,gov]nm5t put up ) x1 & grant$ ! necess>y sum = ! budget ( #ahij4 #bb;,z well z s _m angels pa9t$ by our arti/s don't always repres5t a ,gabriel1 a ,raphael or a ,mi*ael4 #bc;,bullet9 de l'cole franaise d',extrme ,ori5t1 ,i1 ,no3 #a page #ba-bb4 #bd;,bo? ?is ,nga & ,g>ua are my?ical be+s :o adopt diff]5t %apes4 ,on ! l[] wall #d #bf #ajd on ! second 0 #d #bf #ajd on ! ?ird 0 #d #bb #hh on ! f\r? 0 #d #ah #gb & on ! fif? 0 #d #af #fd toge!r #dcb #bf,! fir/ ef=t to int]pret ?is s]ies we owe to ! ,au/rian draughtsman 9 ,ne!rl&s-,indian civil s]vice ,f4 ,c4 ,wils54 #bg,we %all aft]w>ds speak ab\t ^! =m] lives or jtakas4 ,x 0 ,mr4 ,f\*] :o aft]w>ds exp\nd$ _m repres5tations1 & aft] him1 van ,erp also expla9$ ano!r few ones4 #bh;,if we don't c\nt ^? on ! front sides ( ! m ?an #djj small dagobs1 we see !re3 ,on ! out]-wall1 above #djh 0 0 0 0 bel[ #afj on ! front-wall ( ! fir/ gall]y #efh on ! back-wall #bdj on ! second gall]y 9 front #aib 0 0 0 0 beh9d #ajh ?ird gall]y1 9 front #afe 0 0 beh9d #hh f\r? gall]y1 9 front #adb 0 0 beh9d #gj altoge!r #bada #bi,! relation ( ?is fact ) ! app>5t c\rse ( ! sun to ! inhabitants ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e 9 :i* ,f>!r ,india1 & ,h9do/an are situat$1 01 ?us f>1 %[n by nobody be=e me 79 #ahhg74 ,/ill x is an important fact to ^? :o believe ! ,buddha a sun-god4 #cj,( ,nor?-,india :]e ,buddhism fir/ arose4 #ca,pratyeka-,buddhas are believ]s rais$ by _! own consummat+ to ! dignity ( a ,buddha2 !y h1 h[ev]1 no "r to tea* or r$eem o!r p4 #cb,"o ( ^! s]vants massages h] l ! ,javanese /ill d 7pidjt72 ano!r fans h] or *ases away annoy+ flies & gnats4 #cc;,i ?9k x p]mitt$ to %[ ! relation !re is betwe5 ?is repres5tation1 & ! plac+ ( ! five ,dhyni-,buddhas we see on ! highe/ 7r\nd7 t]races1 opposite to ! z5i?1 & ^u ! encircl+ walls opposite to ! f\r zones ( heav54 #cd;,dr4 ,leemans ?\ght he saw 9 ?is cresc5t ( ! moon ! tips ( a headk]*ief4 ,_h he se5 ! sculptures himself he w\ld n h be5 mi/ak5 9 su* a way4 ,siddhrta we>s a cr[n 7makuta71 & ?is doesn't mat* ! headk]*ief1 nei!r does ! ,javanese kuluq or c]emonial cap4 ,su* cresc5ts ( ! moon are also we>$ by ,hrit's & ,kuv]a's *ildr5 on ! two sculptures be=e ! entrance ( tyani ,mndut1 b )\t headk]*iefs4 ,k]n says t ,buddha means bo? ! awak+ ( ! sun & ( ! moon & t ! two cele/ial bodies also ref] to ,buddha on ! o!r sculptures ( ! ,brbudur4 ,_h ! ,dut* ,gov]nm5t s5t ,leemans to ,java1 be=e he wrote 8 "w1 he %\ld n h tak5 a snt-leaf 7,alocasia macrorrhiza ,s*ott1 an ,arodee consequ5tly7 = a banana-leaf 7,musa ,l417 b he %\ld !n h se5 h[ ev5 ?is leaf is /ill us$ by ! ,javanese z a provisional umbrella1 & he %\ld h und]/ood :y 9 =m] times x 0 c>ri$ z ampilan aft] ! sa9ts & pr9ces1 j z ! c['s hair fly-fan4 7tjem>a74 #ce,occasionally call$ ,gopa4 ,"s p say ^! are ! names ( two wom51 & z ! #de? sculpture 7#ajg ,w4 ,l47 repres5ts him enjoy+ 8 dome/ic happ9ess ! s*em] %\ld !n h ?\ght ( two wom54 ,ceylon writ]s "k to tell u t #ajjj m5 c\ld n b5d ?is b[1 & t ! bl[ ( its /r+ 0 he>d at a di/ance ( #gjjj miles4 ,?is b[%ot :i* enabl$ him to ga9 8 bride's h& has be5 also m5tion$ 9 o!r leg5ds--x 0 once aw>d$ to ,rma 9 ! ,ramyna1 & to ,arjuna 9 ! ,mahbhrata4 ,9 ,hom]os' ,odyssea ,p5elope's lov]s va9ly try to d ! same ) ,odysseus' b[ ^u :i* all 7 conv9c$ by 8 ma/]%ot1 & kill$4 #cf,! evil _s _h no au?ority ov] ! fif? "p ( ! _w1 ! z5i?4 #cg;,accord+ to o!r p muni means an an*oret or ascetic4 #ch,leemans calls him ,arala ,kalama4 #ci;,9 ,leeman's "w ,rudra4 #dj,! ,javanese w\ld n[ say griy rj1 t is1 royal h\se4 #da,:o ^! #e apo/les 7 9 =m] lives ano!r s]ies ( sculptures on ! front wall ( ?is gall]y w tea* u4 #db,on "o ( ! sculptures at ,p>ambanan we see ! dea? ( k+ ,dasy>a?a1 ,rama's fa!r1 repres5t$ 9 almo/ ! same mann]4 #dc;,9 8de ,indis*e ,gids0 ( #ahhg4 #dd,! writ+s ( ! ,mahyni/s h be5 writt5 9 sanscrit1 ^? ( ! ,hnayni/s g5]ally 9 ! pli language4 #de,spey] & o!r sanscrit s*ol>s write3 ,jtaka accord+ to an ackn[l$g$ mann] ( writ+ :i* replaces ! ,dut* dj by ! j1 ! j1 by ! y1 ! tj by c4 ,because ,i also write = laym5 :o don't "k ?is writ+ ,i try to d my be/ to replace ^! consonants by our own1 & !re=e write tyakra & tyaitya in/ead ( cakra & caitya :at w\ld s$uce _m a "o to say kakra & kaitya4 ,9 ,engli% ( c\rse1 we write j in/ead ( ! ,dut* dj4 #df;,engrav+ ,,cxxxviii & foll[+ ones4 #dg;,by ! ,dut* call$3 8! little man 9 ! moon40 ,ab\t su* ano!r jtaka1 expla9$ by ,van ,erp1 look at ! bottom ( ?is page4 #dh,see above1 ! sculptures #gc1 #gg1 #gh & #aag4 #di,?is happ5s m among/ ! jtakas4 #ej,l any:]e we also see "h ! r$ ,nelumbium speciosum hewn z a lotus plant ) its leaves & fl[] ris+ above ! wat]2 b n ! :ite ,nymphaea ,lotus ! leaves & fl[]s ( :i* are driv+ on ! surface ( ! wat]4 #ea,! et]nal hell ( ! ,*ri/ians z a puni%m5t = tempor>y s9 ! ,buddhi/s don't "k4 #eb,see ,w4 ,l41 #aba1 #abc & #abe ( ! upp] s]ies ( ! back-wall4 #ec;,9 ,mr4 ,a4 ,tiss&i]'s "w 8,cambodge et ,java0 publi%$ by ,mason at ,p>is 9 #ahif1 we f9d opposite page #abd a good engrav+ ( ?is la/ sculpture 7picture ,,xxviii72 b ! au?or1 :o ev5 d>es ma9ta9 t ?is :ole s]ies has no?+ to d ) ,buddhism1 says t x repres5ts a "y1 ri*ly diadem$ ,h9du wor%ipp+ ! bull 7! n&i7 ( ,%iva6 ,by s mu* ignorance ,tiss&i] blames 8 "w1 & 444 himself4 ,/riv+ we may err1 b let u at any case /rive aft] sci5ce )9 rea*4 #ed;,i ?\ght we %\ld n ?9k "h ( ! my?ical subt]ranean s]p5ts1 b ( a likewise call$ & fabul\s tribe4 ,b ,mr4 ,f\*] didn't agree ) me4 ,! ngas1 he said1 are g5]ally hewn z s]p5ts1 b (t5 z m5 ) snaky hair4 #ee;,9 ! 8,bijdrag5 van 't ,kon9klijk ,in/ituut0 ( #aijg4 #ef,^? :o desire to "k m ab\t ! deep]1 my?ical s5se ( ^! jtakas are k9dly ref]r$ to pr(essor ,spey]'s essay or my 8,e5 k>ma-leg5de0 provid$ ) #f photo's ( ! photograph] ,a4 ,w9t]1 publi%$ by ! firm ,h4 van ,+5 at ,surabaya4 #eg,see at ! bottom ( ?is page4 #eh,! ,jtakaml ,v1 #ae1 tells u t ! cl\ds 8weep$ l wat]-j>s turn$ ab\t40 #ei,see my above m5tion$ 8,k>ma leg5de04 #fj,! difficulties we meet by plac+ ! cam]a 9 ! n>r[ space !re is betwe5 ! front & back-walls ( ! gall]ies h n yet be5 :olly obviat$4 ,yet1 x w\ld be advisable to d :at has turn$ out to be possible be=e t ! sculptures %\ld be lo/ = ev]4 #fa;,9 ! ,ceylon pagoda at ,kelany ,i saw ! ,buddhi/s p]=m ! smbah 9 ! v same mann] z done by ! ,javanese1 & ,siam's k+ & que5 :5 on ! ,brbudur & 9 tyani ,mndut1 & 9 ! same mann] ,i saw ?is m>k ( v5]ation hewn on all ! buddhi/ic imag]ies kn[n to me4 ,p]haps1 x 0 ! ,buddhi/s :o once introduc$ ?is smbah 9 ,java4 #fb,see my illu/rat$ "w 8,9 d5 ,kdaton te ,jogjk>t0 publi%$ 9 #ahhh by ,e4 ,j4 ,brill at ,leyd51 picture ,,ii1 & ! ,i,xth4 photo ( my illu/rat$ "w 8,de g>bgs te ,jogjk>t0 7publi%$ by ! 8,royal ,in/itute0 9 #ahie74 #fc;,at ,p>ambanan & ,plahosan we already knew ^! deities to be ,bodhisattvas4 7,see my above m5tion$ works3 8,tyani ,p>ambanan na de ontgrav+0 & 8,bo$dhi/is*e tempel-en kloo/]b\wvall5 9 de ,p>ambanan vlakte047 ,"s "t be=e ! digg+ up ( ,p>ambanan ,mr4 ,gro5eveldt wrote to me3 8,! !ory z if ^! sculptures %\ld repres5t kn[n pr9ces we mu/ give up40 iva 0 "o ( ! lokiv>as ( ! ,buddha-pan!on1 & we "k ev5 o!r brahm9 deities to h be5 admitt$ into ?is4 ,su* is also ! case ) ! holy que5s ( ,leemans' "w :o are ,trs or aktis 7wives or p[]s ( deities74 #fd,till #ahif ,i also ?\ght t ^! small ,buddha images1 we see 9 ! cr[n1 *>act]is$ ! we>]s z ,bodhisattvas1 t is1 ! ,bodhisattvas ( ! ,dhyni-,buddhas ^: small images 7 hewn 9 ! cr[ns4 ,! k+ ( ,siam d5i$ ?is4 ,because ( 8 be+ a buddhi/ic pr9ce himself he also wore su* small images 9 8 cr[n4 ,moreov]1 ,i nev] saw ano!r image 9 ^! cr[ns1 except ! "o ) ! two h&s 9 8 lap1 :i* is to signify ! mudr dhyna or m$itation1 a po/ure ! ,mahyni/s gave to ! f\r? ,dhyni-,buddha1 ,amitbha1 ! ,r$eem] ( ?is _w4 ,if n[ ^! small images 7 to *>act]ise ,dhyni-,bodhisattvas1 :y1 ano!r ,bodhisattva b ,padmapni ! f\r?1 w\ld h be5 nev] hewn4 ,%\ld !y ref] to buddhi/ic pr9ces x !n may be easily imag9$ t !y nev] ref]r$ to ano!r ,buddha b ! "o ( ?is _! _w4 ,on und5iable images ^! small ones !re=e only po9t to ! buddhi/ic "* ! nor!rn *ur* adjudicat$ to ^! deities4 #fe,! cresc5t ( ! moon ,leemans ascribes to ?is sculpture we don't see any:]e1 b is to be p]ceiv$ on ! prec$+ "o1 #aje4 #ff,on ! f\rte5? sculpture on ! front-wall ( ?is gall]y ! sun & moon h be5 sculptur$ ) sev5 />s 7planets874 #fg8,oudheidkundige aanteek5+50 ,,iv1 p4 #ee-eh4 #fh8,oudheidkundige ,aanteek5+50 ,i & ,,ii4 #fi;,dr4 ,vogel doesn't come4 ,b ,i also d expect v mu* f ! y\ng] sanskritic s*ol>1 ,dr4 ,n4 ,j4 ,krom1 ! appo9t$ presid5t ( ! 8,oudheidkundige ,kommissie0 ^: acqua9tance ,i've made to my great satisfaction4 ,lat] note1 ,octob] #c? #aiaj4 #gj;,i don't "k h[ x mu/ h be5 possible = von ,sah] to see l+gas & yonis 9 ^! buddhi/ic produce ( art4 ,buddhism doesn't "k any l+ga- or yoni-wor%ip4 ,see 8 8,v]si]5de kun/5 9 ,n$3 ,oo/-,indi01 p4 #ae1 #ah1 #ba & #fd4 #ga,:5 ! sky is n ov]cl\d$ we see f ?is po9t #i volcanoes ) ! exception ( ! ,s9dr & ,diyng :i* hid !mselves beh9d ! ,sumb+-giant4 ,?is old volcano /ill rises #cccf ,metres above sea-level1 ! ,mrbabu & ,s9dr 7or ,sndr7 rea* a height ( #cade ,metres1 ! ,mrapi #bhge ,metres1 ! f>1 n always visible ,slamt #cdgb ,metres2 ! adjac5t neptunian ,mnoreh 7or ,m9oreh7 doesn't rea* m ?an #ajjj ,metres4 ,nev] %all ,i =get ! fir/ night ,i p>tly sp5t on ?is full moon lit spot1 a dea? pa/ "u1 & ov] me ! immortal light4 ,?is happ5$ m ?an #cg ye>s ago4 #gb,! la/ m5tion$ e/imation ( "n ,i got f a =m] ,maglang reg5t1 n[ call$ haji or kaji ,danu n+ ,rat4 ,! ,javanese g5]ally wrote & write budd1 9 ,javanese *>act]s3 ,javanese script #gc;,accord+ to ,k]n ! ^w rn means a symbol ( bo? ! sun & lightn+4 #gd;,a "y ,dut*man1 :om ,i met 9 #ahih 9 ! ,brbudur's pasanggrahan1 ?\ght he saw a mutual diff]5ce 9 ! po/ure ( ! h&s ( ^! #gb dagob-,buddhas4 ,?is diff]5ce really exi/s1 b only 9 ! mann] 9 :i* ! diff]5t sculptors int]pret$ ! positively meant po/ure ( ! two h&s4 ,?is v same diff]5ce 9 ! execution ( "o & ! same task is also to be se5 on o!r ,buddha images4 ,%\ld x h ano!r mean+ ! !sis t ^! sculptures are to repres5t ! diff]5t five ,dhyni-,buddhas w\ld !n be fru/rat$1 because !re w\ld be mu* m ?an five1 inde$4 ,! man appeal$ to ! (ficial draughtsman accompany+ him1 an absolutely unsci5tific fell[4 #ge,! o!r objects 7 a little metal vase ) cov]--=m]ly conta9+ "s a%es1 p]haps--2 "s anci5t javanese co9s & ano!r small metal image4 ,9 ! pits ( o!r tyanis 9 ,java we also f\nd /one urns ) a%es1 & co9s or o!r objects ( preci\s metal1 & "s col\r$ preci\s /ones :i* 7 giv5 to ! dead 9 _! graves1 & symbolically repres5t+ ! sapta ratna or sev5 treasures4 ,see my 8,bo$dhi/is*e tempel- en kloo/]-b\wvall5 9 de ,p>ambanan-vlakte0 & my 8,tjani ,idjo0 9 ! 8,tijds*rift v4 ,ind4 ,t41 ,l4 en ,v4 ,k40 publi%$ 9 #ahhh4 #gf,out ( ! six ,buddhas ( ! ,brbudur we don't see any trace ( a six? ,buddha su* z we f\nd 9 a diff]5t =m at ,nipl3 f\r-arm$1 9 a my?ical dress1 cr[n$ & provid$ ) peculi> attributes4 #gg,see my 8,e5 ,bo$dhi/5-kon+ op d5 ,brbudur0 appe>$ 9 8het ,tijds*rift van ,indis*e ,taal-1 ,l&- en ,volk5kunde0 ( #ahif1 & ! manuscript ( ! int]pret+ second "p1 n publi%$ by ! editors1 b ( :i* ,i aft]w>ds s5t a copy to pr(essor ,k]n & o!r le>n$ m54 #gh,on ! tw5ty-sev5? sculpture 7,w4 ,l4 #ec74 #gi;,i = me don't "k any analogue ( ^! ?ree gr\ps ?\gh !y may exi/ else:]e 9 ! ma9l&1 s t ?is explanation ( m9e w be a que/ionable !sis only4 #hj,see ,oldfield's 8,sket*es f ,nipal0 p4 #ij & #aeg & ! pictures opposite p4 #bai & #bfj ( ! second volume4 #ha,see my apologetics m5tion$ 9 ,,vi note #ad & my 8,oudheidkundige ,aanteek5+501 ,i4 #hb,notes ( ! 8,kon4 ,in/ituut0 7,royal ,in/itute7 f #ahhg1 p4 ,,xciv & foll[+ ones4 #hc;,g #e has be5 wrongly m>k$ ) #f1 j z ! foll[+ "o has be5 numb]$ ,g #f4 #hd;,ea* dagob is a tyaitya1 b n ea* tyaitya is a dagob4 ,?is ^w is only giv5 to ! deposit>y ( "o or m ?an "o relic4 ,see ,k]n's 8,ges*i$5is van het ,bo$dhisme 9 ,indi01 ,,ii p4 #aci & foll[+ ones4 ,9 ! same mann] ,i saw ,ceylon ,buddhi/s r5d] due homage to ! dagob at ,kelany4 #he;,i'm n a ,buddhi/ myself ?\gh ,i highly e/eem ! undeg5]ate ,buddhism ( ! s\!rn *ur*4 ,,errata4 p4 #ae l9e #c f bottom3 gr\nd in/ead ( gr\d4 p4 #cj note #bb l9e #a f top3 z well in/ead ( z weil4 p4 #ch l9e #g f bottom to be read3 ! knot ( hair on 8 cre/1 ) ! lotus-cu%ion & disc ( ! sun wor%ipp$ by pr9ces & inf]ior p1 by prie/s etc4 p4 #fj l9e #ag f top3 b in/ead ( bu4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes --,sil5tly correct$ a few typos1 includ+ li/$ errata4 --,reta9$ publication in=mation f ! pr9t$ edition3 ?is e,book is public-doma9 9 ! c\ntry ( publication4 --,9 ! text v]sions only1 text 9 italics is delimit$ by und]scores4