,,w> ,,g>d5s ,illu/ration ,,w> ,,g>d5s ,a ,pocket ,guide = ,home ,vegetable ,gr[]s ,,by ,,montague ,,free ,head ,g>d5] ,brooklyn ,botanic ,g>d5 ,illu/ration ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs ,,publi%]s ,,new ,,york ,,& ,,london ,w> ,g>d5s 99 99 99 99 99 ,copyright1 #aiah1 by ,h>p] ,bro!rs ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica ,publi%$ ,may1 #aiah ,,cont5ts ,*apt] ,page ,preface vii ,i4 ,! ,value ( ,back-y>d & ,vacant-lot #a ,g>d5+ ,,ii4 ,h[ to ,make a ,/>t--,community ,g>d5s #e ,,iii4 ,tools #aj ,,iv4 ,! ,site--,! ,soil & ,its ,prep>ation #ae ,v4 ,f]tiliz]s #bf ,,vi4 ,! ,k9ds ( ,vegetables to ,gr[ #cb ,,vii4 ,plann+ ! ,g>d5 #cf ,,viii4 ,se$s1 ,se$-s[+1 & ,transplant+ #dj ,,ix4 ,hoe+ & ,?9n+ #dg ,x4 ,/ak+ & ,ty+ #ea ,,xi4 ,insect ,enemies #ec ,,xii4 ,plant ,diseases #fd ,,xiii4 ,! ,culture ( ,vegetables 9 ,detail #fi ,,xiv4 ,h>ve/+ & ,/or+ #ajj ,app5dix #aji ,,preface ,! purpose ( ?is book is to /ate simply & cle>ly ! ways & means necess>y to obta9 ! l>ge/ returns f small plots ( l&4 ,! conditions are any?+ b ideal 9 ! case ( _m plots t w be us$ z 8w> g>d5s40 ,to tell h[ to ov]come ^! adv]se conditions1 ei!r by adapt+ ! crop to soil & situation1 or by modify+ ! soil to suit ! crop1 is "o ( ! prim>y objects ( ?is book4 ,9 ! writ]'s v>i$ exp]i5ce ) back-y>d & vacant-lot g>d5s1 que/ions relat+ to soils & f]tiliz]s1 insects & diseases1 :5 & :at to plant1 etc41 are cont9ually cropp+ up4 ,answ]s to ^! que/ions are giv5 "h )\t !oriz+ or go+ into ne$less details4 ,?is is ess5tially a practical book1 design$ to help ^? :o desire to raise _! own vegetables 9 a limit$ space4 ,m4 ,f4 ,,w> ,,g>d5s ,i ,,! ,,value ,,( ,,back-,,y>d ,,& ,,vacant-,,lot ,,g>d5+ ,! ,national ,w> ,g>d5 ,commission has e/imat$ t 8! p ( ?is c\ntry 9 #aiag produc$ a crop valu$ at ?ree hundr$ & fifty million doll>s 9 g>d5s cultivat$ 9 back y>ds1 on vacant lots1 & on o!r l& previ\sly untill$40 ,?is may seem a small am\nt :5 comp>$ ) ! value ( ! crops rais$ by ! f>m]s & m>ket g>d5]s1 b x is n to be despis$1 & x %[s t some?+ c be done to increase ! food supply by home g>d5+4 ,! rais+ ( vegetables at home n only increases food production1 b also /imulates ! consumption ( vegetables1 ?us releas+ /aples1 su* z :eat & meat1 = ! use ( our soldi]s & ! ,allies4 ,?is result is atta9$ p>tly because fre% vegetables are m appetiz+ ?an %op-worn products & p>tly because ( ! attitude ( ! rais]1 :o says1 8,we h ! /uff & may z well eat x40 ,! r$uction 9 ! co/ ( liv+ is also a factor t mu/ be consid]$4 ,:5 vegetables are b\ght _! pur*ase price is q a consid]able item 9 ! h\sehold budget4 ,( c\rse if labor is figur$ 9 ! co/ ( rais+ vegetables at home ! f9ancial returns are n likely to be l>ge unless y take into consid]ation ! fact t ! necessity ( pay+ dues = gymnasium1 t5nis1 or golf is entirely elim9at$4 ,pl5ty ( fre% air & ex]cise c be obta9$ 9 g>d5+4 ,home g>d5+1 too1 %\ld help ! transportation problem to a c]ta9 ext5t4 ,mo/ ( ! vegetables consum$ 9 ! l>ge cities are transport$ a consid]able di/ance1 & if ^? p :o eat ^! mu*-travel$ vegetables raise _! own1 ! transportation sy/em w be reliev$ to t am\nt4 ,! rais+ & c>+ = plants is c]ta9 to broad5 "o's int]e/4 ,v few p :o cultivate a vegetable-g>d51 or any o!r k9d ( g>d51 = t matt]1 are likely to be satisfi$ until !y "k some?+ ( ! physiology ( plants1 h[ & :y !y gr[1 & ! pr9ciples und]ly+ successful plant culture4 ,! insects1 bo? b5eficial & o!rwise1 t "o becomes acqua9t$ ) 9 ! g>d5 also add _! quota ( int]e/4 ,! life hi/ories ( _m ( !m are /range & m>vel\s1 & x is wor? :ile1 bo? f ! po9t ( view ( ! welf>e ( ! crops & f ! educational /&po9t1 to le>n some?+ ( _! habits4 ,b x is probably 9 ! l>g] aspects ( ! situation t ! home-g>d5 movem5t w ultimately be ( greate/ value to ! nation4 ,am]ica is n a g>d5+ nation judg$ f ,european /&>ds1 b ?is agitation = ! production ( food by e "o :o has1 or c obta91 a plot ( gr\nd is go+ to make u "o4 ,^? p :o h once cultivat$ ! gr\nd & rais$ plants w h _h _! int]e/ /imulat$1 & :5 ! food %ortage is ov] _! activities w f9d an outlet 9 ! production ( fl[]s1 :i* _c b result 9 m beautiful cities & happi] citiz5s4 ,a heal?i] population w result f ! ex]cise 9 ! op5 air & we %all become a less n]v\s & re/less p ?r\gh our association ) ! vital soil & liv+1 gr[+ plants4 ,,ii ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,/>t--,,community ,,g>d5s ,9 ca/+ ab\t = ways & means ( />t+ a food-g>d51 by all means inve/igate ! advisability ( jo9+ up )1 or inaugurat+1 a community g>d54 ,!re are trem5d\s possibilities 9 connection ) co-op]ative ef=ts 9 develop+ vacant lots & mak+ !m productive1 n 9 ! s5se ( ! real-e/ate man1 b z food-produc+ plots1 design$ to r$uce ! co/ ( liv+1 &1 incid5tally1 9 _m cases1 to clean up & make pres5table :at 0 =m]ly a neighborhood eyesore4 ,!re are _m advantages to be ga9$ by a neighborhood gr\p comb9+ toge!r = g>d5+ op]ations4 ,usually x is n difficult 9 mo/ cities to f9d l>ge plots ( vacant l& ) own]s :o are only too glad to h !m cultivat$4 ,by co-op]ative ef=t x is possible to hire a team & pl[ & h su* plots pl[$ at a trifl+ exp5se1 :]eas by individual ef=t x is seldom possible to obta9 suffici5t l& to w>rant ! exp5se ( hir+ a team = pl[+1 ev5 ?\gh ! plot 7 l>ge en\gh = ! team to turn ar\nd on4 ,a community g>d5 organization c buy g>d5 tools1 su* z :eelb>r[s1 :eel-hoes1 a spray]1 & o!r comp>atively co/ly tools1 :i* greatly facilitate ! "w ( c>+ = ! plot1 b :i* x w\ld be impossible or unwise = an individual to buy if he wi%$ to come any:]e ne> mak+ a pr(it on 8 g>d54 ,se$s & f]tiliz]s c be b\ght to mu* great] advantage1 & m *eaply :5 obta9$ 9 bulk1 ) ! add$ advantage t ( su* se$s z tomato1 egg-plant1 pepp]s & cel]y1 "o packet is usually en\gh = ! :ole organization1 :]eas by individual ef=t x w\ld be necess>y = ea* g>d5] to buy 8 own packet ( se$1 result+ 9 consid]able wa/e4 ,wa/e is n to be condon$ at any "t1 especially n[ :5 se$s ( "s vegetables are sc>ce4 ,i h 9 m9d a community organization a description ( :i* w s]ve to illu/rate :at c be done by organiz$ ef=t ( ?is k9d4 ,a piece ( l& ab\t ?ree acres 9 ext5t 0 available = cultivation 9 ?is case4 ,x 0 fairly good l&1 b _h s]v$ to "s ext5t z a dump+-gr\nd = cell> excavations1 & _h a consid]able am\nt ( rubbi% ( "o k9d & ano!r deposit$ ^u x4 ,! pr9cipal ( an adjac5t s*ool decid$ t ?is l& ought n to rema9 idle1 s he obta9$ p]mission f ! own] to use x1 & !n1 ) "s o!r en]getic p ( ! community1 got toge!r & />t$ to d ?+s4 ,! gr\nd 0 fir/ pl[$ & h>r[$ free ( *>ge by ! city p>k dep>tm5t & ! l>ge/ ( ! /ones remov$4 ,x 0 !n decid$ t ! plot %\ld be f5c$1 9 ord] to keep out cats1 dogs1 small boys1 & o!r undesirables1 & to insure t ^? :o rais$ ! crops %\ld receive ! b5efit4 ,mat]ial1 consi/+ ( two-by-f\r-in* po/s eight feet long1 *ick5 nett+ five feet wide1 & a /r& ( b>b$ wire to g ar\nd ! top1 0 b\ght = ?is purpose at a co/ ( ab\t #aab4 ,! f5ce 0 erect$ by volunte]s 9 _! sp>e "t1 & six padlock$ gates provid$1 to :i* ea* plot-hold] _h a key4 ,wat]-pipe 0 laid all ov] ! area s t ! crops c\ld be c>$ = 9 "t ( dr\ght4 ,! exp5se incurr$ = ! pur*ase ( pipe & in/allation1 toge!r ) t ( se$s1 f]tiliz]s1 & ! l>g] g>d5 implem5ts1 0 borne by ! association4 ,! area 0 divid$ into fifty plots ea* #ajj #bc feet4 ,ea* plot-hold] 0 ask$ to keep an acc\nt ( 8 exp5ses1 & also ( ! yields obta9$4 ,! results are int]e/+4 ,! av]age co/ ( ea* plot1 includ+ exp5ses incurr$ = f5c+1 se$s1 f]tiliz]1 etc41 0 a little ov] #aa2 ! value ( ! crops obta9$ 0 ar\nd #cd2 giv+ an av]age pr(it ( betwe5 #bb & #bc4 ,:5 "o consid]s ! smallness ( ^! plots1 x mu/ be admitt$ t ! results 7 wor? :ile1 & ! :ole adv5ture is v enc\rag+ to ^? :o contemplate a simil> ent]prise4 ,( c\rse no all[ance 0 made = ! co/ ( labor involv$ 9 prep>+ & c>+ = ^! plots2 b to (fset ?is "o %\ld rememb] t ! soil 0 n especially good1 ! work]s n exp]i5c$1 & !n "o mu/ take into acc\nt ! l>ge initial exp5se ( f5c+ ! l&1 buy+ tools1 etc4 ,?is ye> ! exp5ses w be consid]ably less & ! yields ought to be greatly increas$ because ( ! improvem5t ( ! soil ?r\gh ! cultivation ( ! prec$+ ye>4 ,o!r advantages ( community g>d5s t may be m5tion$ are ^!3 !re is n s mu* dang] ( a plot-hold] becom+ tir$ ( g>d5+ & quitt+ be=e he has h>ve/$ 8 crop2 community g>d5+ fo/]s a _s ( heal?y competition1 & ea* g>d5] tries to h 8 plot look+ a little neat]1 & to produce l>g] & bett] crops1 ?an 8 neighbor4 ,fur!rmore1 9 a body ( m5 & wom5 associat$ 9 ?is way !re is almo/ always "s "o :o has _h a g>d5 be=e & to :om ! novices may turn = advice4 ,:ile community g>d5+ is und\bt$ly ! mo/ economical1 &1 9 _m ways1 ! mo/ pleasurable me?od = ! home g>d5] to produce 8 crops1 "o %\ld n be det]r$ f ! attempt to gr[ vegetables m]ely because !re is no opportunity to l9k up ) an organization4 ,! man ) a back y>d c gr[ "s vegetables1 provid$ t 8 soil is fairly good & 8 plot is op5 to ! sun%9e4 ,ev5 ! ap>tm5t-dwell] ne$ n despair1 because 9 mo/ cities x is possible to obta9 ! use ( a plot ( vacant gr\nd1 ?r\gh ei!r ! municipality or "s organization =m$ = ! purpose ( deal+ ) su* situations4 ,,iii ,,tools ,x is unnecess>y to sp5d mu* money on tools = use 9 a small g>d54 ,! writ] did v well 9 8 home g>d5 ) no?+ b an ord9>y r\nd-po9t$ %ovel = digg+ purposes1 a rake to pulv]ize ! soil & make drills = se$-s[+1 a scuffle-hoe = cultivat+1 & a g>d5 l9e made f two /icks & a piece ( tw9e4 ,( c\rse !re are _m tools on ! m>ket t greatly facilitate cultivation & make g>d5+ "w easi]1 b _! pur*ase is inadvisable unless ! size ( ! g>d5 & ! p]man5cy ( its cultivation w>rant x4 ,no?+ w be said z to ! v>i\s types ( horse-drawn or motor-driv5 implem5ts4 ,?is book is writt5 = ^? :o h to d _! g>d5+ ) h& tools or ^? :o are limit$ to ! hir+ ( j :at horse-drawn tools happ5 to be available4 ,= ! prep>ation ( ! soil1 probably ! be/ implem5t is ! spad+-=k4 ,x is easi] to "w ) ?an a spade & 9 mo/ cases is equally effici5t4 ,! spad+-=k c be us$ = digg+ &1 at a p9*1 c be made to s]ve ! purpose ( f9+ ! surface soil = se$-s[+4 ,a spade is a h&y tool to h1 h[ev]1 especially :5 any "w is to be done 9 ! way ( mak+ b$s or =m+ walks4 ,= se$-s[+ ! absolute ess5tials are v few4 ,a y>d-/ick or foot-rule = measur+ ! di/ance betwe5 ! r[s is useful4 ,an ev5 bett] way ( accompli%+ ?is is to divide a hoe or rake h&le1 :i*ev] is us$ 9 se$-s[+1 into feet & qu>t]-feet1 pref]ably cutt+ 9 ! m>ks ) a knife4 ,if "o is limit$ to buy+ j "o tool = mak+ ! drills ! rake %\ld be *os51 z x c also be us$ = f9+ ! soil & = cultivat+ betwe5 ! r[s4 ,a g>d5 l9e c easily be improvis$ f two /icks1 %>p5$ at "o end1 & a suitable l5g? ( /rong tw9e4 ,:5 ! soil is fairly loose & easily work$1 a scuffle-hoe is a v satisfactory tool = cultivat+ ! surface4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! gr\nd is h>d & /ony ! ord9>y draw-hoe %\ld be *os54 ,a small h& we$]1 :i* c be obta9$ at a co/ ( f t5 to fifty c5ts1 is v useful = loos5+ ! surface ( ! gr\nd close to ! r[s ( "y se$l+s4 ,look ov] ! illu/rations ( ^! tools 9 a se$sman's catalogue & pick out ! "o mo/ suit$ to y\r ne$s4 ,) a little +5uity1 tools suitable = /irr+ up ! surface soil c be fa%ion$ at home f old hoop iron or /\t wire fa/5$ on wood5 h&les4 ,aft] a season's "w 9 ! g>d5 y w discov] j :at y ne$ 9 ?is l9e1 & w probably be able to make a tool t w give f> great] satisfaction ?an any?+ y might buy4 ,a g>d5 hose ( suffici5t l5g? s t wat] c be appli$ all ov] ! g>d5 is an advantage1 b n absolutely necess>y4 ,a good rubb] hose co/s1 n[adays1 ab\t t5 doll>s = a l5g? ( fifty feet1 & a few exp5ditures ( ?is nature sadly eat into ! pr(its ( ! g>d54 ,z an accessory to ! hose a spr9kl] ?r[+ a f9e spray1 t c be left runn+ = sev]al h\rs1 is v useful & desirable1 especially if !re is no met] atta*$ to y\r wat] supply6 ,:5 combat+ insects & diseases 9 a small g>d51 a spray] ( ! atomiz] type hold+ ab\t a qu>t ( insecticide & co/+ betwe5 "o & two doll>s is v valuable4 ,9 a g>d5 ( consid]able ext5t1 or 9 a community g>d51 insecticides & fungicides c be economically & effici5tly appli$ by means ( a compress$-air spray-pump hold+ ?ree or f\r gallons & co/+ betwe5 six & eight doll>s4 ,if a l>ge potato-pat* is cultivat$1 a p[d]-di/ribut+ bell[s1 co/+ ab\t "o doll>1 is useful = di/ribut+ ,p>is gre5 9 p[d] =m4 ,a p[d]-di/ribut] = use 9 a small g>d5 c be improvis$ by mak+ a small *eese-clo? bag 9 :i* ! p[d] is plac$ & di/ribut$ by %ak+ ! bag ov] ! plants4 ,:eel-hoes v>y+ 9 price f five to fifte5 doll>s--! price dep5d+ on ! size & numb] ( atta*m5ts--are available = exp$it+ ! "w 9 l>ge g>d5s4 ,"s ( ^! implem5ts h atta*m5ts s t !y may be us$ = m>k+ ! r[s1 s[+ se$s 9 drills or hills1 = rak+1 cultivat+1 & %all[ pl[+4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 are = use on l>ge areas by pr(essional g>d5]s1 or to delight ! connoisseur ( tools4 ,to sum up--! tools t x is advisable = a beg9n]1 ) a g>d5 ( mod]ate size1 to buy are3 a spad+-=k1 an iron rake1 a six-in* hoe 7( ei!r ! scuffle or ! ord9>y v>iety71 a "o-qu>t atomiz] = apply+ spray fluids1 & a wat]+-c4 ,! co/ ( ^! %\ld n exce$ ?ree or f\r doll>s4 ,/>t out ) a few ess5tial tools & add o!rs if y f9d t y absolutely ne$ !m4 ,,iv ,,! ,,site--,,! ,,soil ,,& ,,its ,,prep>ation ,practically all ( ! vegetable crops require sun%9e1 & pl5ty ( x1 9 ord] to atta9 _! full developm5t4 ,!re=e1 9 select+ ! location ( y\r vegetable-g>d5 7if x is possible to h any *oice7 *oose "o op5 to sun%9e & n hemm$ 9 by tall build+s :i* %ut out ! air4 ,a location ne> big trees %\ld be avoid$1 = ! trees n only %ade ! crops1 b _! wide-spread+ roots also rob ! gr\nd ( food & moi/ure :i* ! vegetables ne$4 ,! ideal location = a vegetable-g>d5 is "o op5 to ! s\? & %elt]$ f ! nor? & we/ w9ds1 b always ) ?is provision--! soil mu/ be ( a suitable nature4 ,?is br+s u to a consid]ation ( "o ( ! mo/ important factors 9 successful vegetable culture--t ( ! soil4 ,soils v>y a great deal 9 _! physical *>act]s & also 9 _! *emical composition4 ,s&y soils quickly dry out & w>m up 9 ! spr+1 & 9 consequ5ce x is possible to prep>e !m = plant+ & produce crops mu* e>li] ?an is ! case ) heavi] soils4 ,= ?is reason s&y soils are usually pref]r$ by m>ket g>d5]s1 ^: object is to get _! crops on ! m>ket z soon z possible4 ,"o great objection to s&y soils is ! rapidity ) :i* !y lose _! moi/ure by dra9age & evaporation4 ,!y are frequ5tly n naturally f]tile & x is necess>y to apply l>ge quantities ( manure to make !m pr(itable4 ,!y are also subject to loss ( f]tility by lea*+4 ,! way 9 :i* ^! disadvantages c be correct$ w be told lat]4 ,at ! o!r end ( ! scale1 almo/ exactly opposite 9 e p>ticul>1 are ^? soils 9 :i* clay pr$om9ates4 ,soils ( ?is type are cold1 !y dry out v sl[ly1 & z a result x is late be=e !y c be fitt$ = plant+4 ,9 dry seasons1 because ( _! wat]-hold+ capacity1 !y are greatly to be pref]r$1 & plants gr[+ on !m are less liable to suff] f dr\ght4 ,clay soils1 because ( _! /ick9ess1 are v difficult to "w1 & al?\gh !y may be well suppli$ ) plant food1 x is sometimes unavailable because ( ! /icky1 t5aci\s "* ( ! clay :i* does n provide a good m$ium 9 :i* ! roots may ramify 9 se>* ( food4 ,peat soils & muck l&s are made up l>gely ( decay$ organic matt]4 ,!y are usually defici5t 9 m9]als1 b by correct managem5t c be made to produce good crops ( c]ta9 k9ds ( vegetables4 ,enorm\s quantities ( cel]y & onions are successfully gr[n on muck soils4 ,! k9d ( soil mo/ desir$ by ! g>d5] is ! happy m$ium t is call$ loam4 ,?is consi/s ( a mixture ( clay & s& 9 ne>ly equal proportions1 comb9$ ) a consid]able quantity ( decay$ organic matt]4 ,su* soils are f]tile1 easy to "w1 ret5tive ( moi/ure1 b suffici5tly por\s s t ! moi/ure is n reta9$ 9 excess4 ,air c p5etrate su* soils1 a prime necessity = heal?y root gr[?1 & also necess>y = ! exi/5ce ( bact]ia :i* d s mu* 9 mak+ in]t plant foods soluble & available = ! use ( plants4 ,! extreme types ( soil previ\sly m5tion$ c be greatly improv$ by judici\s treatm5t4 ,x w be rememb]$ t "o ( ! great drawbacks to s&y soils 0 ! read9ess ) :i* !y lose _! moi/ure4 ,! prop] treatm5t = ?is type is to add organic matt]4 ,?is decays & =ms humus1 :i* b9ds ! co>se p>ticles toge!r to a c]ta9 ext5t & increases ! absorbtive & ret5tive prop]ties ( ! soil4 ,?is organic matt] is be/ appli$ 9 ! =m ( decay$1 or p>tially decay$1 b>n-y>d or /able manure4 ,if manure is n available a good sub/itute c be f\nd 9 leaves4 ,^! may be ga!r$ 9 ! fall & pil$ 9 a heap to decay4 ,v little decomposition w take place dur+ ! w9t] mon?s 9 ! ,nor!rn /ates1 & = ?is reason leaves t h be5 pil$ 9 heaps = twelve mon?s or m are to be pref]r$4 ,decay may be ha/5$ by =k+ ov] ! leaves two or ?ree times dur+ ! summ]4 ,al?\gh decay$ leaves are bett] ?an fre% ones = mix+ 9 ) ! soil1 fre% leaves are bett] ?an none at all4 ,! own]s ( city g>d5s frequ5tly neglect an opportunity ( add+ humus to _! soil :5 !y all[ ! leaves ( /reet trees to be burn$ or c>t$ away4 ,! city /reet-clean+ dep>tm5t is usually only too glad to be reliev$ ( ?is duty4 ,:5 x is impossible to add humus to ! soil ?r\gh ! m$ium ( organic manures1 z is (t5 ! case 9 city back y>ds1 rec\rse may be _h to "o ( ! _m br&s ( prep>$ humus obta9able f se$sm54 ,lim+ is also consid]$ to be good = s&y soils1 z ! lime ex]cises a b9d+ influ5ce on ! co>se p>ticles4 ,( c\rse :5 clay is available x is good to add x1 & mix ?or\ghly ) ! s&1 b x is seldom t clay is pres5t 9 ne> en\gh proximity to make ?is practice a pay+ proposition4 ,compact+ s&y soils1 by means ( a roll] on l>ge areas1 or by means ( ! feet 9 ! case ( small plots1 is good horticultural practice4 ,clay soils1 l ! prec$+1 are greatly improv$ by ! addition ( organic matt]4 ,x %\ld be appli$ 9 ! fall1 9 ! =m ( /rawy /able manure1 & buri$ deeply4 ,leaves also are a valuable addition4 ,lim+ is good1 z ?is causes ! flocculation ( ! clay p>ticles & r5d]s ! soil m op5 & p]meable by air & wat]4 ,! addition ( s&1 sift$ coal a%es1 or wood a%es s]ves ! same purpose4 ,clay soils are b5efit$ by be+ pl[$ or spad$ 9 ! fall & left r\gh ov] ! w9t]4 ,?is all[s ! fro/ to p5etrate m readily1 result+ 9 ! break+ up & dis9tegration ( ! clods4 ,ano!r advantage ( fall pl[+ 9 ! case ( l& ( ?is type is t by s do+ x dries out m rapidly 9 ! spr+ & x is possible to get y\r crops plant$ e>li]4 ,muck & swamp soils are frequ5tly wat]logg$1 & be=e !y w support a crop x is necess>y to und]dra9 !m2 b z ?is is an op]ation t is sc>cely practicable = ^? = :om ?is book is writt51 x w n be dealt ) "h4 ,z !re is always a lack ( basic salts 9 ?is type ( soil1 lim+ is practis$1 usually to good advantage4 ,^? :o contemplate tak+ ov] a piece ( l& = ! purpose ( gr[+ vegetables %\ld1 if ! l& has n previ\sly produc$ a crop1 obta9 ! op9ion ( a compet5t g>d5] z to its possibilities f a g>d5+ /&po9t4 ,su* m5 are usually available 9 e community1 & z a rule are glad to help4 ,if exp]t op9ion is n available1 ! novice c =m an approximate idea ( its value by mak+ c>eful obs]vations 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,take notice ( ! vegetation gr[+ on ! plot4 ,if x is luxuriant & consi/s mo/ly ( grasses x w probably be all "r = gr[+ vegetables4 ,dig holes "h & !re ) a spade or tr[el & exam9e ! soil4 ,if y f9d1 an in* or two bel[ ! surface1 no?+ b t9 cans & brok5 bottles x is n a safe g>d5+ proposition4 ,nei!r %\ld y g ahead if y f9d only a ?9 lay] ( topsoil1 two or ?ree in*es1 above ! subsoil4 ,x is usually easy to tell ! diff]5ce betwe5 :at is kn[n z topsoil & subsoil4 ,! topsoil is d>k] 9 color1 due to ! pres5ce ( humus1 & ( a f9] texture4 ,?is topsoil %\ld be at lea/ eight in*es deep to get good results4 ,soils :i* conta9 too _m l>ge /ones %\ld be avoid$1 also ^? :i* consi/ ( only a ?9 lay] ov]ly+ a rock l$ge4 ,mo/ vegetables succe$ be/ 9 a soil t is slightly alkal9e1 & l& int5d$ = g>d5 use %\ld be te/$ ) litmus pap] to discov] if acid is pres5t 9 excess4 ,take a piece ( blue litmus pap] & press x ^u a h&ful ( moi/ soil4 ,if x turns r$ x indicates ! pres5ce ( acid & ! advisability ( lim+4 ,lime is a valuable elem5t 9 ! soil1 z x assi/s 9 mak+ plant foods soluble4 ,x is be/ appli$ 9 ! fall1 spread+ x ov] ! surface & digg+ or pl[+ x 94 ,x c also be appli$ 9 ! spr+1 b 9 no case %\ld x be put on s t x comes 9 direct contact ) manure4 ,lime appli$ ) manure causes ammonia to be lib]at$ too rapidly 9 ! =m ( gas1 :i* escapes into ! air1 & ?us mu* ( ! f]tility ( ! manure is lo/4 ,:5 x is necess>y to apply lime 9 ! spr+1 ! manure %\ld fir/ be dug or pl[$ "u1 & ! lime !n spread on ! surface1 & rak$ or h>r[$ 94 ,use ab\t #bj p\nds ( air-slak$ lime or #cj to #dj p\nds ( gr\nd lime/one to #djj squ>e feet4 ,?or\gh prep>ation ( ! soil is ess5tial if be/ results are to be obta9$4 ,?is means t ! soil mu/ be brok5 up & pulv]iz$ z deeply z possible4 ,!re are sev]al reasons = ?is4 ,break+ up ! soil to a good dep? increases ! wat]-hold+ capacity ( ! soil--a v important po9t because ( ! fact t plants h to take all ( ! food sub/ances t !y obta9 f ! soil 9 solution4 ,x provides a great] bulk ( soil 9 :i* ! plant roots may ramify 9 se>* ( food4 ,! less f]tile ! soil ! great] is ! necessity = break+ x deeply to increase ! area f :i* ! roots may draw n\ri%m5t4 ,deep tillage enc\rages ! roots to p5etrate d[nw>d1 & plants ^: roots g d[n deeply 9 ! soil are less likely to suff] dur+ dry spells4 ,x is well to rememb]1 h[ev]1 t al?\gh x is desirable to h ! soil brok5 up deeply x is n a good practice to br+ too mu* ( ! subsoil up to ! surface 9 digg+ or pl[+4 ,9 f>m+ op]ations a great] dep? ( soil is obta9$ by us+ :at is kn[n z a subsoil pl[4 ,?is implem5t frequ5tly is us$ aft] ! field has be5 pl[$ 9 ! usual way & p5etrates bel[ ! topsoil & breaks up ! subsoil1 b )\t di/urb+ _! relative positions4 ,9 g>d5s ! same result is obta9$ by :at is call$ ba/>d tr5*+1 ( :i* m w be said lat]4 ,9 prep>+ a piece ( gr\nd t has n previ\sly be5 cultivat$ ! fir/ ?+ to d is to remove all l>ge /ones & rubbi% t may be on ! surface4 ,if x is a l>ge area1 ! "w ( break+ x w1 ( c\rse1 be done ) a pl[4 ,suppos+ ! l& is cov]$ ) a gr[? ( sod1 x is a good plan to g ov] x sev]al times ) a disk h>r[ be=e pl[+4 ,?is w cut up ! sods1 cause !m to decay m rapidly :5 !y are turn$ "u1 & insure ! soil be+ pulv]iz$ ?r\gh\t its :ole dep?4 ,aft] pl[+1 h>r[+ is necess>y to break ! lumps & to compact ! soil some:at4 ,! f9+ process c !n be complet$ by h&1 us+ a rake = ! purpose4 ,small areas c be prep>$ = plant+ by digg+ ) a spade or spad+-=k4 ,a tr5* %\ld fir/ be dug a foot or eighte5 in*es wide & a foot deep1 provid$ t ! topsoil ext5ds t f>4 ,! soil f ?is tr5* %\ld be plac$ on "o side s z to be available = fill+ 9 ! la/ tr5* :5 digg+ is f9i%$4 ,hav+ op5$ ! fir/ tr5*1 proce$ ) ! digg+1 turn+ ea* spadeful ( soil bottom up 9 ! tr5*4 ,! soil c be turn$ ov] ) great] ease & m effici5tly by always ma9ta9+ a tr5* :5 digg+4 ,x is ! only way by :i* sods1 manure1 & we$s may be prop]ly buri$ s t !y may decay & =m plant food4 ,ba/>d tr5*+ is c>ri$ out 9 ! same way z digg+ except t ! tr5* is made at lea/ two feet wide & ! subsoil ?us expos$ is brok5 up ) a spad+-=k be=e ! topsoil f ! next tr5* is turn$ ov] ^u x4 ,:5 digg+1 ! soil %\ld be brok5 up z f9ely z possible ) ! spade or =k1 s z to leave no lumps1 & all l>ge /ones %\ld be ?r[n out4 ,digg+ or pl[+ %\ld nev] be attempt$ :5 ! gr\nd is froz5 or :5 x is s wet t ! soil /icks to ! tools us$4 ,aft] ! soil has be5 turn$ ov] & brok5 up ! rake %\ld come into op]ation & ! surface f9$ s z to fit x = se$-s[+4 ,v ,,f]tiliz]s ,! mo/ important elem5ts t x is necess>y to apply to ! soil 9 ! =m ( f]tiliz] are nitrog51 phosphorus1 & pota%4 ,nitrog5 greatly /imulates ! production ( leaves1 & an excess ( x appli$ to crops gr[n = _! fruit or roots is undesirable4 ,x is conta9$ 9 all ! animal manures1 associat$ ) o!r f]tiliz+ elem5ts1 & 9 a practically pure /ate 9 nitrate ( soda4 ,phosphorus is a valuable & necess>y f]tiliz] :i* has a great influ5ce on ! production ( fruits & se$s4 ,x is f\nd 9 great] or less quantities 9 animal manures1 & 9 bone meal4 ,phosphatic rock t has be5 treat$ ) acid is ano!r important s\rce ( phosphorus4 ,pota%4 ,! rle ( pota% 9 ! soil is simil> to t ( phosphoric acid4 ,x is consid]$ to be a valuable f]tiliz] = all crops t are gr[n = _! roots4 ,x occurs 9 animal manures & 9 wood a%es4 ,muriate ( pota% & ka9ite conta9 pota% 9 a m conc5trat$ =m1 b are difficult to obta9 at pres5t4 ,all ( ^! ?ree elem5ts mu/ be pres5t 9 ! soil = ! production ( heal?y crops4 ,x is g5]ally conc$$ t ! be/ all-r\nd f]tiliz] = plants is decay$ b>n-y>d or /able manure4 ,x n only adds f]tility to ! soil1 b by its decay x helps to make ! m9]al p>ticles soluble & ?us available z plant foods4 ,z already indicat$1 x also improves ! physical condition ( ! soil1 mak+ s&y soils m ret5tive ( moi/ure1 & r5d]+ clay soils m por\s4 ,:5 appli$ 9 ! spr+ x %\ld be decay$ or p>tly decay$1 z 9 ?is condition x is imm$iately available = ! use ( ! crop4 ,if x is put on ! gr\nd 9 ! fall1 fre% manure may be us$ & pl[$ "u4 ,by ! "t t ! plant+ season arrives x w be suffici5tly decay$4 ,if !re is no objection on ! score ( appe>ances1 /able manure1 ei!r fre% or decay$1 may be appli$ 9 ! =m ( a ?9 mul* 7a lay] on ! surface ( ! gr\nd7 at any "t :5 ! plants are gr[+4 ,! f]tility is gradually wa%$ d[n into ! soil by ra91 & a loose cov]+ ( ?is k9d is ( additional advantage 9 t x helps to prev5t ! loss ( wat] f ! soil by evaporation4 ,?is mul* mu/ n be work$ into ! soil s t x comes 9 contact ) ! plant roots1 b %\ld be left on ! surface until x is dug "u ! foll[+ fall or spr+4 ,discretion mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 its use4 ,root crops1 t are already gr[+ luxuriantly1 su* z beets or c>rots1 or crops t are gr[n = _! fruit1 su* z beans & tomatoes1 w\ld probably be h>m$ by a surface dress+ ( ?is k9d4 ,b>n-y>d manure is ri* 9 nitrog51 :i* is a great /imulant ( leaf gr[?4 ,if x is appli$ too freely to ! crops j m5tion$ x is likely to result 9 an excessive crop ( leaves at ! exp5se ( roots or fruit4 ,a dress+ ( /able manure two or ?ree in*es ?ick all ov] ! plot or at ! rate ( f ?ree to five hundr$ p\nds to a plot tw5ty by tw5ty feet is ab\t ! "r quantity to use :5 ! gr\nd is dug or pl[$4 ,%eep manure is p]haps ! next 9 importance ( ! organic manures & is m conc5trat$ ?an b>n-y>d or /able manure4 ,x c be appli$ at ! rate ( =ty p\nds to f\r hundr$ squ>e feet4 ,x is bett] to spread x ov] ! surface imm$iately aft] ! gr\nd has be5 brok5 up1 & ?or\ghly mix x ) ! surface soil by means ( a rake or h>r[4 ,h5 manure is /ill m conc5trat$ & %\ld be us$ 9 ! same way1 or z a top-dress+ aft] ! crops h />t$ _! gr[?4 ,tw5ty p\nds to f\r hundr$ squ>e feet is a suitable am\nt to apply4 ,to facilitate its di/ribution x %\ld be mix$ ) dry e>? & kept 9 a dry place = a few weeks be=e x is desir$ to apply x4 ,( ! s-call$ *emical f]tiliz]s1 ^? t are sold by se$sm5 z 8complete0 f]tiliz]s are ! be/ = ! amateur to buy4 ,^! at ! pres5t "t are usually made up 9 ! proportion ( #e p] c5t4 nitrog51 #h p] c5t4 phosphorus1 & #a p] c5t4 pota%4 ,use twelve p\nds to f\r hundr$ squ>e feet4 ,all ( ! prec$+ are 8complete0 f]tiliz]s conta9+ nitrog51 phosphorus1 & pota% 9 v>y+ proportions4 ,if !y are us$ 9 comb9ation ! quantities mu/ be r$uc$4 ,bone meal is a f]tiliz] :i* conta9s phosphorus & nitrog54 ,9 "s ( its =ms x is r sl[ act+ & sometimes does n become fully available = ! use ( ! crop until ! ye> succe$+ its application4 ,use twelve p\nds to f\r hundr$ squ>e feet4 ,nitrate ( soda is ! quicke/-act+ f]tiliz] t we h & is v valuable = /imulat+ ! gr[? ( plants e>ly 9 ! spr+1 :5 ! nitrog5 cont5t ( ! soil is usually l[4 ,x is especially suitable = ^? crops t are gr[n = _! leaves1 su* z sp9a*1 lettuce1 & cabbage4 ,great c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 ! use ( ?is f]tiliz]1 z an ov]dose w injure or kill ! plants4 ,z x is v soluble1 x %\ld n be appli$ until ! plants are up & ready to use x1 o!rwise mu* ( x w be wa%$ out ( ! soil & wa/$4 ,x %\ld be spr9kl$ on ! surface ( ! soil1 fir/ cru%+ ! lumps1 & !n mix$ 9 ) a hoe or cultivator4 ,an ounce to ea* squ>e y>d1 appli$ at int]vals ( ab\t ?ree weeks1 until ! crops h a good />t1 is ! "r proportion to use4 ,x is impossible to lay too mu* emphasis on ! necessity = c>e 9 ! use ( ?is f]tiliz]4 ,x mu/ n be all[$ to come 9 contact ) ! leaves ( ! crop1 or x w cause !m to burn & turn br[n4 ,g5]ally speak+1 x is n a good f]tiliz] to use on root or fruit crops1 al?\gh x c be us$ to good advantage 9 help+ "y plants ( tomato1 cucumb]1 muskmelon1 etc41 to get a />t j aft] !y h be5 plant$ out4 ,its use lat] 9 ! season is likely to result 9 ! production ( leaves at ! exp5se ( fruit4 ,wood a%es conta9 pota% & lime4 ,?is f]tiliz] is a valuable dress+ = heavy1 clayey soils1 z x improves _! physical condition4 ,x is good = root crops1 su* z beets1 c>rots1 radi%es1 etc4 ,use tw5ty p\nds to f\r hundr$ squ>e feet4 ,x is be/ to apply all conc5trat$ f]tiliz]s z surface dress+s1 & !n h>r[ or rake !m into ! soil1 r ?an to pl[ or dig !m "u4 ,if x s happ5s t ! soil is n v f]tile & !re is only a limit$ quantity ( f]tiliz] available1 x is a good plan1 in/ead ( spread+ x all ov] ! plot1 to apply x only 9 close proximity to ! hills or drills 9 :i* ! plants are gr[+4 ,x is important to rememb] t ! greate/ good c only be obta9$ f *emical f]tiliz]s :5 ! soil is pl5tifully suppli$ ) humus4 ,,vi ,,! ,,k9ds ,,( ,,vegetables ,,to ,,gr[ ,a numb] ( factors h to be tak5 into consid]ation be=e decid+ j :i* k9ds ( vegetables to plant 9 y\r g>d54 ,"s ( ^! factors are3 ! nature ( ! soil1 ! size ( ! g>d51 ! food value ( ! crop & ! ease ) :i* x may be /or$ = w9t] use4 ,sometimes x is possible to adapt ! soil to ! crop1 b usually x is easi] to adapt ! crop to ! soil4 ,a ri* loam w support practically all ( ! vegetables & produce good crops4 ,a ?91 s&y soil :i* has n be5 prop]ly f]tiliz$ is only suitable = su* crops z bu% beans1 beets1 ,swiss *>d1 tomato1 & ,new ,zeal& sp9a*4 ,( c\rse o!r crops c be gr[n on su* a soil1 b n v satisfactorily4 ,potatoes l a s&y soil1 b x mu/ be well f]tiliz$4 ,heavy clay soils w gr[ cabbage1 kale1 corn1 p>sley1 p>snips 7if ! soil is deep71 peas & rhub>b4 ,if ! soil is %all[ x is n advisable to attempt any ( ! root crops t make a long root4 ,9 ?is category belong ! long beets1 p>snips1 & salsify4 ,t p]son is unwise :o attempts to gr[ potatoes1 corn1 & cabbage 9 a v re/rict$ area4 ,^! crops ne$ pl5ty ( room 9 :i* to develop1 & :5 "o has only a city back y>d1 or a small plot1 x is bett] to conc5trate on ! small]-gr[+ vegetables4 ,! be/ crops to gr[ 9 ! city back y>d are bu% beans1 p>sley1 radi%1 beets1 ,swiss *>d1 & tomato4 ,peas w\ld probably succe$ if x 7 n = ! sp>r[s :i* pick (f ! leaves z fa/ z !y are produc$4 ,"o is /rictly limit$ if ! available gr\nd is %ad$4 ,all ! vegetables ne$ sun = ! great] "p ( ! day4 ,^? k9ds :i* are gr[n = _! leaves are m satisfactory 9 a %ady g>d51 & if ! soil conditions are favorable ! foll[+ may be tri$3 beet1 cabbage1 lettuce1 & ,swiss *>d4 ,ev5 ^! ne$ a few h\rs ( sun%9e4 ,^? :o are int]e/$ 9 dietetics may wi% to *oose _! vegetables on ! basis ( _! food value4 ,9 t]ms ( ! calorie1 ! unit ( en]gy z appli$ to food1 we f9d t #a ounce ( dri$ beans 7se$s7 & #h ounces ( /r+-beans are requir$ to produce a hundr$ calories4 ,( gre5 corn #c4b ounces are ne$$2 ( potatoes1 #e4c ounces2 ( onions1 #h ounces2 ( beets1 #i4f ounces2 ( cabbage1 #ac4c ounces2 & at ! bottom ( ! li/ comes cel]y1 ( :i* #bc4g ounces are requir$ to produce a hundr$ calories4 ,x is mislead+1 h[ev]1 to take a li/ ( vegetables ) _! caloric values & decide1 t because #f4d ounces ( peas conta9 "o hundr$ calories1 :ile x is necess>y to h #aj4a ounces ( c>rots to produce ! same am\nt1 no?+ b peas %all be gr[n 9 ! g>d54 ,! prop] basis on :i* to make a decision along ^! l9es is on ! am\nt ( calories t c be obta9$ f ea* squ>e y>d ( gr\nd4 ,a consid]able area is necess>y = ! production ( a p\nd ( peas1 :ile a simil> weight ( c>rots c\ld be produc$ 9 a mu* small] space4 ,fur!rmore1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! human sy/em dem&s a c]ta9 am\nt ( bulky foods1 & ^! are suppli$ by vegetables l[ 9 caloric values4 ,!re are a numb] ( crops t c easily be pres]v$ or /or$ = w9t] use1 & ?is %\ld be consid]$ :5 decid+ :at k9ds ( vegetables to gr[4 ,/r+-beans are easily pres]v$ by pickl+ !m 9 br9e1 & !re is no difficulty :atev] 9 c>+ = ! dry-%ell beans :5 !y are n infe/$ ) weevils4 ,all ( ! root crops--c>rots1 beets1 p>snips--c be easily /or$ 9 s& or soil 9 ! cell>1 & potatoes are "o ( ! easie/ ( crops to c>e =4 ,onions c readily be c>ri$ ov] into ! w9t] if a cool1 airy room is available4 ,all ( ! crops j m5tion$ are fairly high 9 food value4 ,,vii ,,plann+ ,,! ,,g>d5 ,a g>d5 c be made )\t a plan1 b x is usually a haphaz>d sort ( affair1 & x frequ5tly means t mu* m money is sp5t = se$s ?an is necess>y4 ,ano!r frequ5t happ5+ 9 a miss-or-hit g>d5 ( ?is k9d is a ple?ora ( "s k9ds ( vegetables & a great sc>city ( o!rs4 ,x is difficult to give any def9ite in=mation z to ! quantities ( vegetables to gr[1 z yields v>y s mu*1 ow+ to ! "* ( ! soil & climate1 ! v>iety ( ! vegetable1 & ! skill1 or lack ( x1 ( ! g>d5]4 ,! pref]5ces ( ! individual mu/ also be consid]$4 ,! table 9 ! ,app5dix giv+ ! approximate am\nt ( vegetables t c be obta9$ f a hundr$-foot r[ may be helpful4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t ^! figures are only approximate & t wide v>iations c be expect$4 ,:5 plann+ y\r g>d5 y mu/ take into consid]ation ! sun%9e x receives1 & if "p ( x is %ad$ res]ve t "p = ^? crops t w endure %ade4 ,if !re is any v>iation 9 ! nature ( ! soil1 :e!r 9 reg>d to its physical condition1 f]tility1 or wetness1 y %\ld place ! crops accord+ly4 ,z a g5]al rule ! r[s %\ld run nor? & s\?1 z by ?is plan ea* r[ receives its %>e ( sunlight4 ,if = any reason ?is is n practicable1 put ! tall-gr[+ crops at ! nor? end ( ! plot1 s t !y d n %ade ! small] k9ds4 ,! p]5nial crops1 l asp>agus & rhub>b1 are be/ plac$ at "o end or side ( ! plot s t !y are n 9 ! way :5 digg+ or pl[+ is be+ done4 ,x makes a bett]-look+ plot if ^? vegetables :i* are plant$ ! same di/ance ap>t are gr\p$ toge!r4 ,plan to h ! gr\nd occupi$ = ! :ole season4 ,_m vegetables take a comp>atively %ort "t 9 :i* to mature1 & ^! c be remov$ :5 h>ve/$ & ! gr\nd occupi$ by ano!r crop4 ,?us peas c be foll[$ by caulifl[] or cabbage1 e>ly beets by beans1 lettuce by tomato1 & s on4 ,f9d out ! av]age numb] ( gr[+-days 9 y\r locality & consult ! table 9 ! ,app5dix giv+ ! numb] ( days requir$ to br+ ! v>i\s crops to maturity4 ,:5 plann+ = succession vegetables1 h "s reg>d to crop rotation4 ,t is to say1 if ! gr\nd 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! season has be5 occupi$ by a leaf crop1 foll[ x by a fruit crop1 or vice v]sa4 ,e>ly cabbage foll[$ by beans may be cit$ z an example4 ,simil>ly1 root crops may be foll[$ by leaf crops1 z e>ly c>rots & fall sp9a*4 ,ano!r important reason = crop rotation is t x less5s ! dang] ( loss f disease4 ,_m ( ! fung\s diseases ( plants are c>ri$ ov] f ye> to ye> 9 ! soil4 ,"s ( !m are able to live on only "o p>ticul> ho/ plant1 & if t crop is n gr[n 9 ! soil :]e ! fungus is hib]nat+ ! disease ultimately dies out ?r\gh lack ( food4 ,! fir/ ?+ to d 9 plann+ a vegetable-g>d5 is to measure ! plot & transf] its outl9es to scale on pap]4 ,!n1 be>+ 9 m9d ! consid]ations j outl9$ 9 ?is *apt]1 decide on ! k9ds ( vegetables y wi% to gr[4 ,n[ ! real fun ( plann+ beg9s6 ,! desires ( ! gr[] z to quantities & v>iety ( vegetables mu/ be scal$ d[n s z to fit ! plot4 ,take a rul] & draw l9es across y\r plan to repres5t ! r[s ( vegetables4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ! r[s may be drawn to scale to correspond ) ! actual di/ance betwe5 ! r[s on ! gr\nd1#a or y may m]ely note ! !oretical di/ance betwe5 ! l9es4 ,write ! "n ( ! vegetable on ea* l9e1 ) t ( ! succession crop1 if any4 ,x is a good idea to m\nt y\r plan on /iff c>dbo>d :5 f9i%$1 & to all[ a space ei!r at ! side or on ! back = mak+ notes to be tak5 dur+ ! gr[+-season4 ,^! notes may consi/ ( rem9d]s t su* & su* a crop is n suit$ 9 its pres5t location1 ! "t occupi$ f se$-s[+ to maturity1 ! desirability or o!rwise ( c]ta9 vegetables1 etc4 ----- #a ,see ,app5dix1 ,table ,,iii4 ,,viii ,,se$s1 ,,se$-,,s[+1 ,,& ,,transplant+ ,mo/ se$s1 ) ! exception ( c>rot1 onion1 p>snip1 & p>sley1 w gr[ fairly satisfactorily ev5 if !y are m ?an "o ye> old1 s t left-ov]s f ! prec$+ ye> may be plant$ ) good results4 ,be=e us+ ^! left-ov] se$s1 h[ev]1 x is wise to te/ _! g]m9at+ p[] be=e committ+ !m to ! g>d54 ,to plant se$s :i* w n g]m9ate is a wa/e ( "t & labor4 ,te/+ ! viability ( se$s is a simple & easy matt] & v advisable if !re is any d\bt4 ,c\nt out fifty or "o hundr$ se$s ( ! k9d t y wi% to te/ & plant !m 9 s& or e>? 9 a cig>-box or some?+ simil>4 ,place !m 9 a fairly w>m room 7temp]ature ab\t #fj ,fahr47 & keep ! soil moi/4 ,9 a week or two take note ( ! numb] :i* h spr\t$1 & ?is w give y ! p]c5tage ( good se$s & "s idea ( ! quantity y w h to plant 9 ord] to get a good /&4 ,= in/ance1 if only #ej p] c5t4 ( ! se$s g]m9ate x means t x w be necess>y to plant d\ble ! usual numb] to make sure ( hav+ a suffici5t numb] ( plants4 ,ano!r & less messy way ( te/+ se$s is to place !m on a plate betwe5 blott]s or clo?1 :i* mu/ be kept moi/1 cov]+ !m ) ano!r plate to prev5t too rapid evaporation ( moi/ure4 ,al?\gh !y adequately furni% ! desir$ in=mation1 nei!r ( ^! me?ods ( te/+ se$s gives an absolutely accurate indication ( :at w take place :5 !y are plant$ 9 ! g>d54 ,se$s out ( doors are expos$ to a numb] ( haz>ds t are n pres5t "u indoor conditions4 ,be=e plant+ any se$s outdoors ! soil mu/ be 9 ! prop] condition4 ,x mu/ n be s wet t x /icks to ! tools us$1 ! surface mu/ be f9ely pulv]iz$ ) a rake1 & all l>ge /ones tak5 (f4 ,!re are ?ree ways ( plant+ se$s outdoors--9 drills1 9 hills1 & broadca/4 ,! drills consi/ ( %all[ tr5*es f "o-half in* to two in*es deep1 9 :i* ! se$s are s[n4 ,! "y plants are lat] ?9n$ out s t !y /& an equal di/ance ap>t4 ,se$s are said to be plant$ 9 hills :5 !y are s[n 9 su* a way t ! resultant plants are 9 gr\ps ( ?ree or m /&+ ! same di/ance 9 ! r[s z ! di/ance betwe5 ! r[s4 ,broadca/ s[+ is :5 ! se$s are scatt]$ ov] ! surface ( ! gr\nd & cov]$ by rak+ !m 91 or by spr9kl+ soil ov] !m4 ,a g>d5 l9e %\ld always be /ret*$ across ! plot z a guide :5 mak+ ! drills4 ,?is insures /raight r[s1 result+ 9 an enhanc$ appe>ance ( ! g>d5 & great] ease 9 subsequ5t cultivation4 ,a v>iety ( tools c be us$ = mak+ ! drills or furr[s4 ,= ^? se$s :i* require to be plant$ deeply1#b a draw-hoe is a useful tool1 or1 if ?is is n available1 ! corn] ( a rake w suffice4 ,! %all[ drills c be made ) a hoe or rake h&le or ) a po9t$ /ick4 ,! se$s %\ld be plant$ imm$iately aft] ! drill is made1 be=e ! soil dries up4 ,consult ! table 9 ! ,app5dix %[+ ! quantity ( se$ requir$ to plant a r[ "o hundr$ feet long1 & refra9 f plant+ too ?ickly4 ,be+ too lib]al ) se$s at plant+-"t is n only wa/eful1 b also involves a great deal ( extra labor lat] on :5 ! "y se$l+s h to be ?9n$ 9 ord] to give !m room = prop] developm5t4 ,s[ ! se$s z ev5ly z possible & cov] by rak+ ! soil ov] !m4 ,! soil ov] ! se$s mu/ be firm$4 ,9 ! case ( ! l>g] se$s1 su* z peas & beans1 ?is c be done by walk+ along ! r[4 ,! e>? ov] ! small] se$s is be/ compact$ by means ( ! back ( a hoe or rake4 ,?is firm+ process is c>ri$ out 9 ord] t ! e>? may come 9 close contact ) ! se$s1 s t !y may absorb ! moi/ure conta9$ 9 x2 also to e/abli% capill>y action ) ! soil bel[1 result+ 9 moi/ure be+ drawn up to ! surface4 ,!re is a t5d5cy among beg9n]s to plant _! se$s ei!r on rais$ ridges or1 sometimes at ! o!r extreme1 9 deep tr5*es4 ,! fir/ me?od is liable to result 9 ! plants suff]+ f dr\ght1 & ! latt] 9 flood+1 if x happ5s to be a wet season4 ,!re are times :5 x is advisable to make use ( ^! practices1 z w be describ$ :5 ! me?ods ( cultivation are tak5 up 9 detail1 b speak+ g5]ally1 level cultivation is be/4 ,aft] ! se$s are plant$ we are enabl$ to sit back & h a brea?+-spell until ! "y plants appe>1 :5 x is necess>y to proce$ ) ?9n+ & cultivat+ z describ$ 9 ! foll[+ *apt]4 ,x is ! common practice1 9 connection ) "s crops1 n to plant ! se$s directly :]e !y are to mature1 b to s[ !m else:]e at fir/ & to transplant ! "y plants to _! p]man5t qu>t]s lat]4 ,9 ! ,nor!rn /ates ! gr[+-season is n suffici5tly long to get be/ results f su* tropical plants z tomato1 egg-plant & pepp] if ! se$s are s[n outside4 ,a long] gr[+-season is af=d$ to ^! plants by rais+ !m 9 a gre5h\se or hotb$1 & transplant+ !m to ! g>d5 :5 ! e>? has w>m$ up & dang] ( fro/ is ov]4 ,cabbage is transplant$ = ! reason t if ! se$ 0 s[n directly 9 ! field x w\ld be necess>y to plant mu* m se$ ?an 0 actually ne$$1 & because ! gr\nd c be pr(itably occupi$ ) ano!r crop :ile ! "y cabbage plants are rea*+ a sizable condition4 ,e>ly cabbage is also s[n 9 a gre5h\se or cold-frame 9 ord] to ha/5 ! "t ( maturity4 ,al?\gh x is possible to raise ^! transplant$ crops ) no o!r facilities ?an ^? provid$ by ! ord9>y dwell+-h\se1 x is n wor? :ile :5 only a few plants are requir$4 ,"y plants ( tomato1 egg-plant1 pepp]1 & cabbage c be obta9$ at su* a trifl+ exp5se f se$sm5 :o make a bus9ess ( rais+ !m t x does n pay to bo!r ) rais+ !m y\rself4 ,an eye %\ld be giv5 to wea!r conditions :5 transplant+4 ,! plants w feel ! *eck less if a cl\dy1 humid day is *os5 on :i* to d ! "w4 ,! soil %\ld be moi/1 b n s wet z to be /icky4 ,! hole = ! reception ( ! roots c conv5i5tly be made ) a tr[el4 ,make x l>ge en\gh s t ! roots may be spread out & !n press ! e>? g5tly b firmly ar\nd !m4 ,if ! soil is dry leave a %all[ depression ar\nd ! /em ( ea* plant to facilitate wat]+4 ,suffici5t wat] %\ld be appli$ to soak ! gr\nd = a dep? ( six in*es or m1 & :5 x has dra9$ away f ! surface1 ! depression may be fill$ ) loose dry e>? to prev5t ! moi/ure escap+ by evaporation4 ,if = any reason x is necess>y to d ! "w ( transplant+ on a dry1 sunny day1 ! "y plants %\ld be %ad$4 ,?is c be accompli%$ by cov]+ !m ) inv]t$ fl[]-pots1 or ) newspap]s weight$ at ! corn]s ) /ones to keep !m f bl[+ away1 or a %+le or ?9 piece ( bo>d may be /uck 9 ! gr\nd on ! sunny side s t its %ad[ falls on ! plant4 ,9 mo/ cases1 unless !y are gr[n 9 e>!n or pap] pots1 ! root sy/em ( ! plants is injur$ 9 transplant+4 ,9 ord] to re/ore ! balance betwe5 root & %oot x is advisable1 & cu/om>y1 to cut (f "p ( ! leaves4 ,if ! :ole ( ! leaves are left on ! plant !y wilt & sometimes die because ! r$uc$ numb] ( roots is unable to supply _! dem&s = moi/ure4 ----- #b ,see ,app5dix1 ,table ,,iii1 = ! dep? to plant v>i\s se$s4 ,,ix ,,hoe+ ,,& ,,?9n+ ,:5 ! "y plants appe> above ! gr\nd x is "t to comm5ce cultivat+4 ,?is consi/s ( break+ up & pulv]iz+ ! surface cru/4 ,!re are sev]al reasons = do+ ?is4 ,x all[s air to ent] ! soil1 :i*1 x w be rememb]$1 is a necessity = ! roots ( plants & has an important be>+ on ! =mation ( plant food4 ,x keeps d[n ! we$s1 &1 mo/ important ( all1 x helps to cons]ve ! moi/ure 9 ! soil4 ,all :o h _h any?+ to d ) ! cultivation ( ! soil w h notic$ t :5 its surface is /irr$ up aft] a ra9 x quickly dries out4 ,x w also h be5 notic$ t1 if any "o has walk$ ov] ?is soil j aft] x has be5 /irr$ up1 ! soil 9 ! footpr9ts rema9s moi/4 ,:y is ?is8 ,x is simply t capill>y action has be5 brok5 by ! loos5+ ( ! surface1 & ! soil-wat] rises to ! loos5$ soil & no f>!r4 ,on ! o!r h&1 capill>y action has be5 re/or$ 9 ^? places :]e ! soil has be5 compact$ by walk+ on x1 & ! surface "h is moi/ because moi/ure is cont9ually be+ suppli$ f ! /ore bel[4 ,?is moi/ure j z cont9ually evaporates dur+ dry wea!r & is lo/ z f> z ! plant roots are conc]n$4 ,break+ up ! surface soil provides a du/ mul* or soil blanket :i* %ades ! moi/ soil bel[ f ! sun's rays1 & 9 a l>ge measure prev5ts evaporation4 ,!re=e1 aft] e ra91 j z soon z ! soil has dri$ out suffici5tly s t x does n /ick to ! tool us$1 ! surface %\ld be cultivat$4 ,v>i\s tools are us$ = ?is purpose4 ,:5 work+ close to "y plants ! small h& we$]s are useful4 ,betwe5 ! r[s a hoe %\ld be us$4 ,^! are ( ?ree types4 ,! scuffle-hoe1 :i* is pu%$ ?r\gh ! soil j und]nea? ! surface1 ! op]ator walk+ backw>d4 ,?is is a h&y tool = small g>d5s if ! soil is n too h>d1 & its use gives ! advantage ( x n be+ necess>y to walk on ! loos5$ soil4 ,! ord9>y draw-hoe is us$ ) a *opp+ motion & ! op]ator walks =w>d ov] ! loos5$ soil4 ,x is a good tool = gett+ rid ( we$s1 & is bett] ?an ! prec$+ = use 9 h>d or /ony gr\nd4 ,!re are _m =ms ( :eel-hoes :i* enable ! "w ( cultivat+ to be done v exp$iti\sly4 ,!y are pu%$ =w>d ) a j]ky motion1 "o /ep at a "t1 pull+ ! implem5t t[>d y be=e mak+ ! =w>d ?ru/1 ?us ga9+ mom5tum be=e ! tee? ent] ! gr\nd4 ,d n attempt to pu% a :eel-hoe 9 ! same way t y w\ld a p]ambulator--x's too h>d "w4 ,to wat] or n to wat] is sometimes a debatable po9t 9 vegetable-gr[+4 ,!re is ?is mu* to be said ab\t ! application ( wat] to ! g>d54 ,if ?or\gh cultivation has be5 prop]ly att5d$ to !re w be mu* less ne$ ( wat]+1 & :5 x is decid$ t wat]+ is necess>y1 let x be ?or\gh1 s t ! soil is soak$ to a dep? ( a foot or s4 ,!n z soon z ! soil has dri$ out some:at1 /ir up ! surface s t ! moi/ure is n lo/ by evaporation4 ,! be/ way to apply wat] is by means ( a spr9kl]1 ?r[+ a f9e spray1 :i* c be left op]at+ = two or ?ree h\rs4 ,?is insures a prop] wett+ ( ! soil )\t wa%+ away any ( ! loose soil on ! surface4 ,! next be/ ?+ is to use a hose4 ,! wat]+-pot is ( little use except 9 a v small g>d51 because "o gets tir$ ( tot+ wat] be=e ! plants h be5 giv5 ne>ly en\gh4 ,9 ord] to obta9 good crops x is necess>y to all[ ! plants suffici5t room to atta9 _! full developm5t4 ,!y mu/ h space 9 ! e>? = _! roots to ramify 9 se>* ( food1 & room above to spread _! leaves to ! air & sun%9e4 ,a numb] ( se$s1 includ+ beet1 c>rot1 corn1 lettuce1 onion1 p>snip1 radi%1 sp9a*1 & ,swiss *>d1 are s[n 9 su* a way 79 ord] to insure a good /&7 t :5 !y g]m9ate ! "y plants /& too close toge!r4 ,^! h to be ?9n$ out4#c ,?is op]ation %\ld be c>ri$ out z soon z ! se$l+s are l>ge en\gh to h&le4 ,*oose a cl\dy day :5 ! soil is fairly moi/1 & pull out ! weak1 sp9dly plants1 leav+ ! /rong1 heal?y ones4 ----- #c ,see ,app5dix1 ,table ,,iii1 = di/ance ^! plants %\ld /& ap>t4 ,x ,,/ak+ ,,& ,,ty+ ,"s ( our vegetable crops ne$ supports ( "s k9d to obta9 be/ results f !m4 ,peas1 & beans ( "s v>ieties1 & tomatoes are ( ?is nature4 ,! dw>f peas1 :i* ne$ no supports1 are ! be/ = ! small g>d51 b if ! tall] k9ds1 :i* are m productive1 are gr[n x is necess>y to supply !m ) some?+ on :i* to climb4 ,twiggy bru%-wood is ! be/ = ! purpose1 z ! pea t5drils atta* !mselves readily to ?is4 ,! bases ( ! bran*es %\ld be %>p5$ ) a knife & !n /uck firmly into ! gr\nd on ei!r side ( ! r[ :5 ! peas are a few in*es high4 ,*ick5 nett+ /ret*$ along ! r[ & support$ on /rong /akes is also suitable4 ,pole beans climb by means ( tw9+1 & poles f six to eight feet high & ab\t two in*es 9 diamet] are usually suppli$ = !m4 ,^! poles are ins]t$ 9 ! gr\nd by fir/ mak+ a hole ) a cr[b>4 ,ano!r me?od ( support+ beans is by means ( ,v-%ap$ frames ab\t six feet high & ?ree feet wide at ! bottom4 ,!y c be made ( light lumb]1 su* z ?ree by "o or two by two in* r\gh p9e4 ,^! are spac$ f eight to t5 feet ap>t & connect$ by ?9 /rips ( lumb] along ! top & along ! bases4 ,/r+s are fa/5$ on "o ( ! base /rips1 c>ri$ ov] ! top & fa/5$ to ! base /rip on ! o!r side4 ,^! /r+s %\ld be f six to n9e in*es ap>t4 ,! beans are plant$ s t !re is "o bean-plant to ea* /r+4 ,tomatoes may be left to gr[ naturally1 9 :i* case !y sprawl ov] ! gr\nd & mu* fruit is spoil$ by com+ 9 contact ) ! e>?1 or !y may be /ak$4 ,if gr[n to a s+le /em ea* plant w ne$ a /\t /ake to :i* x may be atta*$ by ty+ ) pieces ( clo? or tape ab\t an in* wide4 ,if tw9e 7 us$ x w\ld probably cut into & injure ! s(t /ems4 ,ano!r way ( support+ tomatoes is to all[ all ! %oots to gr[ at w1 b to prev5t !m f fall+ on ! gr\nd by plac+ ar\nd ea* plant ?ree or f\r /akes connect$ ) b>rel hoops or ) tw9e4 ,,xi ,,insect ,,enemies ,to be successful 9 controll+ insect pe/s1 prev5tive or rem$ial measures mu/ be appli$ e>ly4 ,if spray+ is def]r$ until insects infe/ ! plants 9 l>ge numb]s1 great difficulty is exp]i5c$ 9 gett+ rid ( !m4 ,x is emphatically mu* easi] to kill a few insects ?an a :ole ho/4 ,if !y are once all[$ to obta9 ! upp] h&1 ! crop w be s mu* injur$ t x frequ5tly w n pay to attempt to save x4 ,! important po9t t mu/ be grasp$ 9 connection ) ! control ( insect pe/s is t !y may1 f ! po9t ( view ( ! g>d5]1 be divid$ into two gr\ps--8bit+0 insects & 8suck+0 insects4 ,! bit+ insects eat ! leaves1 roots1 or /ems ( ! plants attack$1 & _! pres5ce is usually obvi\s ev5 to a casual obs]v]4 ,! suck+ insects obta9 _! food1 n by eat+ ! leaves1 b by ins]t+ _! 8beaks0 into ! plant tissue & suck+ its juices4 ,s9ce x is n feasible to poison ! sap ( plants to kill ! insects1 ! be/ me?od is to spray !m ) :at are kn[n z 8contact0 insecticides4 ,^! mu/ be appli$ 9 su* a way t !y actually come 9 contact ) ! insects4 ,soap solutions1 k]os5e emulsion1 & nicot9e are ! pr9cipal contact sprays4 ,sometimes1 in/ead ( us+ sprays x is m conv5i5t to use dry insecticides 9 ! =m ( p[d]4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly ! case :5 a spray-pump is unavailable or ! wat] supply n close at h&4 ,no matt] 9 :at =m ^! insecticides are appli$1 ! op]ation mu/ be done ?or\ghly or little b5efit w result4 ,! contact sprays %\ld be appli$ ) =ce 9 su* a way t e insect is cov]$4 ,to apply ! /oma* poisons a f9e1 mi/-l spray %\ld be us$ :i* w coat ! leaves ) a ?9 film ( poison4 ,if too mu* is appli$ !re is a t5d5cy = ! mixture to run into globules1 :i* conc5trates ! poison at ! tip ( ! leaves4 ,?is may result 9 injury to ! plants & is n effective 9 coat+ ! :ole ( ! leaves4 ,! fe$+ habits ( "s insects make x almo/ impossible to control !m by spray+2 s traps1 poison bait1 h& pick+1 repell5ts1 or scre5+ ! plants to prev5t access ( insects are resort$ to4 ,^! measures are fully describ$ 9 connection ) ! insects aga9/ :i* !y are us$4 ,foll[+ are "s ( ! m important insect pe/s4 ,beets4--,flea-beetles 7small1 v active insects1 z indicat$ by _! "n71 bli/]-beetles1 & v>i\s cat]pill>s1 :i* eat ! leaves1 attack beets4 ,lead ars5ate#d %\ld be appli$ z soon z ! injury is notic$4 ----- #d ,v>i\s spray =mulas w be f\nd at end ( *apt]4 ,cabbage4--,probably ! wor/ insect pe/ ( ?is crop is ! cabbage-worm1 a gre5 cat]pill> :i* hat*es f eggs laid on ! leaves by ! common :ite butt]flies1 :i* may be se5 flitt+ ab\t ! g>d5 f e>ly spr+ until fall4 ,spray+ ! plants ) ars5ate ( lead to :i* a 8/ick]0 has be5 add$ to make x adh]e to ! leaves is a /&>d rem$y4 ,cabbage is also attack$ by flea-beetles & cat]pill>s ( v>i\s k9ds1 :i* are controll$ by ! same me?ods adopt$ = ! cabbage-worm4 ,caulifl[]4--,same pe/s z cabbage4 ,corn4--,! corn e>worm is "o ( ! wor/ ( ! pe/s attack+ corn4 ,?is is a cat]pill> :i* at fir/ fe$s on ! 8silk0 & lat] p5etrates ! e> & eats ! k]nels4 ,x is v difficult to control ?is insect4 ,lead ars5ate spray$ or du/$ on ! silk z soon z x appe>s is a p>tial rem$y4 ,cucumb]4--,! /rip$ cucumb]-beetle is ab\t a f\r? ( an in* 9 l5g?1 yell[ 9 color1 ) ?ree black /ripes on ! w+ cov]s4 ,x eats ! leaves ( ! "y plants & if un*eck$ ru9s ! *ances ( obta9+ a crop4 ,"o ( ! be/ ways ( deal+ ) ?is insect is to prev5t x f ga9+ access to ! plants by ! use ( *eese-clo? or wire mosquito-nett+ scre5s4 ,^! c be made by tack+ ! mat]ial us$ ov] bottomless boxes1 n s high z to %ade ! plants1 b ( suffici5t wid? & l5g? to give !m room to gr[4 ,ano!r me?od is to place two or ?ree %ort /icks 9 ! c5t] ( ! hill & ov] ^! spread a 8t5t0 ( *eese-clo?1 hold+ d[n ! edges ) /ones & e>?4 ,tobacco du/ spr9kl$ pl5tifully ov] & ar\nd ! plants acts z a repell5t4 ,! twelve-spott$ cucumb]-beetle may be controll$ by ! same measures & by spray+ ) lead ars5ate4 ,egg-plant is subject to ! same pe/s z ! potato4 ,kale & ,kohlrabi are attack$ by ! same insects t attack cabbage4 ,muskmelon is subject to ! same insects z ! cucumb]4 ,onion4--,?rips is a t9y insect :i* infe/s onions1 sucks ! sap f ! leaves1 & causes !m to assume a silv]y appe>ance4 ,mo/ vegetables are subject to its attack4 ,x c be controll$ by us+ a contact spray1 su* z nicot9e solution or k]os5e emulsion4 ,potato4--,! mo/ tr\blesome insect pe/ ( ! potato is ! well-kn[n ,colorado potato-beetle4 ,?is may be controll$ by pick+ ! insects f ! plant by h&1 or by du/+ ! leaves ) ,p>is gre5 :i* has be5 dilut$ by mix+ x ) fifty times its bulk ( air-slak$ lime4 ,spray+ ! plants ) lead ars5ate is ev5 m effective4 ,! flea-beetle eats small holes 9 ! leaves1 mak+ !m appe> z if !y _h be5 riddl$ ) %ot4 ,! spray treatm5t adopt$ = ! ,colorado beetle w also take c>e ( !m4 ,bli/]-beetles are sl5d] insects v>i$ 9 color :i* attack potatoes & _m o!r vegetables4 ,lead ars5ate is ! be/ rem$y4 ,pumpk9 is likely to be affect$ ) ! same pe/s z cucumb] & squa%4 ,squa%4--,?is crop is subject to ! same pe/s z cucumb]4 ,! squa%-bug1 or /9k-bug 7:i* also attacks cucumb]s & melons71 is grayi%-br[n 9 color & ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* long4 ,x exhales a v (f5sive odor :i* makes h& pick+1 "o ( ! mo/ effective means ( controll+ x1 an extremely unpleasant task4 ,! measures adopt$ aga9/ ! cucumb]-beetles are also effective 9 controll+ ?is pe/4 ,o!r rem$ies t may be tri$ are ! collection & de/ruction ( ! conspicu\s eggs :i* are to be f\nd 9 masses on ! "u sides ( ! leaves1 & trapp+ ! adults by plac+ %+les on ! gr\nd ar\nd ! plants4 ,! insects w congregate "u ^! & c !n be de/roy$ by /epp+ on !m4 ,tomato4--,! tomato-worm1 ! l>va ( a ,sph9x-mo?1 sometimes occasions mu* damage4 ,h& pick+ is a good rem$y1 or ! plants may be spray$ ) lead ars5ate4 ,if ! latt] c\rse is foll[$1 c>e mu/ be tak5 to clean ! tomatoes ?or\ghly be=e eat+ !m4 ,! tomato is also subject to ! same insect pe/s z ! potato4 ,wat]melon is attack$ by ! same insects t infe/ cucumb]s4 ,practically all vegetable crops are subject to attack by ! foll[+ insects3 ,aphis1 or ,plant ,lice4--,^! occur 9 bo? small & l>ge species 9 a great v>iety ( color4 ,!y injure ! plants by suck+ _! juices1 & frequ5tly cause ! leaves to become curl$ & de=m$4 ,usually ^! insects are to be f\nd on ! s(t gr[+ tips ( ! plants or on ! "u sides ( ! leaves4 ,prompt application ( rem$ial measures is necess>y4 ,! gre5-color$ =ms are usually ! easie/ to kill1 & a simple soap solution is g5]ally effective4 ,! black aphids are m t5aci\s ( life1 & a /rong] insecticide mu/ be us$1 su* z nicot9e solution or k]os5e emulsion4 ,cutworms are ! l>v ( sev]al species ( mo?s4 ,!y are especially p>tial to beans1 cabbage1 corn1 onions1 & tomatoes4 ,!y are usually d>k-color$1 greasy-look+ cat]pill>s :i* sp5d mo/ ( _! "t1 :5 !y are n eat+1 j und]nea? ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,!y cut (f ! plants by eat+ ?r\gh ! /ems4 ,sev]al diff]5t measures %\ld be 9 op]ation at ! same "t to rid a g>d5 ( cutworms4 ,"o ( ! mo/ effective is ! use ( poison$ bait1 b ?is is n advisable :5 live /ock h access to ! g>d54 ,! bait %\ld be /rew$ lib]ally close to ! plants4 ,%+les or ?9 bo>ds may be plac$ on ! surface ( ! soil4 ,! cutworms w congregate "u ^! & c !n be kill$ by any means t sugge/s itself4 ,hunt+ = !m at night1 :5 !y are fe$+1 ) a lant]n or fla%light1 is ano!r me?od ( r$uc+ _! numb]s4 ,two v important soil pe/s are :ite grubs & wireworms4 ,!y attack potatoes & ! roots ( _m g>d5 crops4 ,! =m] are l>ge1 clumsy1 :ite grubs1 ! l>v ( ! ,june beetle4 ,wireworms are long1 sl5d]1 %9+ grubs1 :i* may be ( any color f light yell[ to d>k br[n4 ,!y are ! l>v ( click-beetles4 ,x is v difficult to control ^! pe/s4 ,frequ5t1 deep till+ ( ! soil is probably ! be/ rem$y4 ,if *ick5s are all[$ access to ! g>d5 plot :5 x is be+ pl[$ or spad$ !y w eat a great _m ( !m4 ,wireworms may be trapp$ by attract+ !m to buri$ pieces ( c>rot or potato4 ,^! traps mu/ be exam9$ e morn+ & ! insects congregat$ on !m kill$4 ,foll[+ are ! =mulas = ! v>i\s insecticides recomm5d$4 ,,/oma* ,,poisons ,,= ,,bit+ ,,insects ,lead-ars5ate ,solution #a oz4 lead ars5ate 7pa/e7 to #a gal4 ( wat] or oz4 lead ars5ate 7dry7 to #a gal4 ( wat] ,?is c also be obta9$ z a f9e p[d] = du/+ ^u ! plants4 ,?is me?od is less economical ( mat]ial4 ,p>is ,gre5 oz4 ,p>is gre5 & to #c gal4 ( wat] #a oz4 lime ,:5 us+ ,p>is gre5 z a p[d] x is advisable to dilute x ) f tw5ty-five to fifty times its bulk ( air-slak$ lime4 ,?is acts z a c>ri] & r5d]s x possible to di/ribute ! poison m economically & effectively4 ,x is inadvisable to use ^! poisons1 ,p>is gre5 & ars5ate ( lead1 on head+ cabbages or vegetables t are %ortly to be eat51 z !re is "s dang] ( poison+ ! consum]s4 ,pyre?rum ,p[d] #a oz4 pyre?rum to #b gal4 ( wat] ,c also be appli$ z a p[d]4 ,x is a good insecticide = use on vegetables t are %ortly to be eat51 z !re is no dang] ( poison+ human be+s by its use4 ,c also be us$ z a contact spray4 ,hellebore ,p[d] #b oz4 hellebore to #a gal4 ( wat] ,! hellebore %\ld fir/ be boil$ 9 wat] & !n dilut$ to make "o gallon4 ,x is v simil> 9 its action to pyre?rum4 ,,contact ,,insecticides ,,= ,,suck+ ,,insects ,soap ,solution #b oz4 laundry soap to #a gal4 ( wat] ,nicot9e ,solution oz4 #dj nicot9e & to #c gal4 ( wat] #a oz4 soap ,! soap is add$ to ?is solution to assi/ 9 spread+ ! mixture & to make x come 9 close contact ) ! insects4 ,res9 ,fi%-oil ,soap ,is recomm5d$ by ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture to be add$ to contact sprays & fungicides1 to act z a 8/ick]0 :5 !y are to be us$ on crops ) smoo? leaves to :i* ! spray w n /ick4 ,use two ounces to ?ree gallons ( spray mixture4 ,,poison ,,bait ,,= ,,cutworms #c lbs4 :eat bran #b oz4 :ite ars5ic or p[d]$ lead ars5ate p9t *eap molasses ,mix all toge!r & add en\gh wat] to make a ma% t w /ick toge!r4 ,?is is v poison\s & extreme c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 its use4 ,,xii ,,plant ,,diseases ,mo/ ( our vegetable crops are subject to attack by fungus or bact]ial p>asites :i* cause disease4 ,prev5tive measures are ! mo/ important 9 combat+ ills ( ?is nature4 ,^! may consi/ ( provid+ unfavorable soil conditions = ! disease1 z 9 ! case ( cabbage clubroot1 or dis9fection ( ! 8se$0 z practis$ = ! control ( scab ( potatoes4 ,o!r measures are3 ! application ( protective sprays1 :i* kill ! spores ( disease organisms :5 !y g]m9ate2 rotation ( crops2 plant+ disease-resi/ant v>ieties2 & ! avoidance ( mat]ial c>ry+ spores ( disease1 su* z manure conta9+ p>ts ( diseas$ plants4 ,bordeaux mixture is ! /&>d fungicide4 ,! =mula :i* calls = f\r ounces lump lime1 f\r ounces copp] sulphate 7blue/one7 & ?ree gallons ( wat] is ! "o mo/ commonly us$4 ,x is made by dissolv+ f\r ounces ( blue/one 9 an e>!nw>e or wood5 vessel 9 "o & "o-half gallons ( wat]4 ,! lime is slak$ 9 ano!r vessel by add+ wat] gradually until x =ms a mixture ( a milky consi/5cy4 ,add m wat] to make "o & "o-half gallons & /ra9 ?r\gh *eese-clo?4 ,aft] x has be5 /ra9$ x %\ld be ?or\ghly mix$ ) ! copp]-sulphate solution & us$ imm$iately4 ,bordeaux mixture made 9 ?is way w n keep1 b %\ld be appli$ ! same day4 ,/ock solutions ( copp] sulphate & lime w keep indef9itely if !y are n mix$ toge!r4 ,liv] ( sulphur 7potassium sulphide7 is valuable = spray+ plants affect$ ) mildew4 ,use "o ounce dissolv$ 9 ?ree gallons ( wat]4 ,?is solution discolors pa9t4 ,! foll[+ are "s ( ! common diseases affect+ vegetable crops3 ,beans are attack$ by an?racnose4 ,x causes d>k-color$1 sunk5 spots to appe> on ! leaves1 /ems1 & pods4 ,x frequ5tly p5etrates to ! se$s4 ,infect$ se$s %\ld nev] be plant$4 ,x pays to look ov] all beans t are to be us$ = se$ & de/roy all t are discolor$4 ,nev] "w among ! bean-plants :5 !y are wet1 z ! disease1 if x is pres5t1 is easily spread by ?is means4 ,beets are subject to a leaf-spot4 ,?is causes small1 r\nd1 dead spots to appe> on ! leaves4 ,bordeaux mixture appli$ z soon z ! spots appe> & at int]vals ( "o or two weeks w *eck ?is disease4 ,cabbage4--,clubroot is a disease :i* causes ! roots ( cabbage1 caulifl[]1 kohlrabi1 & alli$ plants to become swoll5 & de=m$1 & prev5ts !m f function+ prop]ly4 ,if x is n notic$ at transplant+-"t ! fir/ indication ( its pres5ce is ! sudd5 wilt+ ( ! plants4 ,all affect$ plants %\ld be de/roy$4 ,! se$b$ & t "p ( ! g>d5 :]e ! cabbages are to be plant$ %\ld be lim$ two or ?ree mon?s be=e plant+4 ,use betwe5 fifty & sixty p\nds ( air-slak$ lime on a plot tw5ty by tw5ty feet1 & ?or\ghly mix x ) ! soil4 ,corn4--,corn smut usually appe>s z swell+s1 cov]$ ) a silv]y membrane1 on ! tassels or e>s4 ,^! break op5 lat] & disclose ! masses ( d>k-color$ spores4 ,! swell+s %\ld be cut (f & de/roy$ be=e !y bur/4 ,cucumb]4--,an?racnose1 angul> leafspot1 & d[ny mildew are diseases attack+ ! leaves ( cucumb]s :i* c be controll$ to "s ext5t by frequ5t spray+ ) ,bordeaux mixture4 ,?is %\ld be appli$ z soon z ! diseases are notic$ & repeat$ at int]vals ( "o or two weeks4 ,peas are affect$ by a mildew :i* %[s itself on ! leaves & pods z a :iti% mold4 ,! plants %\ld be du/$ ) p[d]$ sulphur1 or spray$ ) potassium-sulphide solution to :i* res9 fi%-oil soap has be5 add$ to make x /ick to ! leaves4 ,potato4--,two important diseases affect+ potatoes are scab & late blight4 ,! =m] is a disease :i* lives 9 ! soil & is also c>ri$ ov] on infect$ potatoes4 ,x %[s itself z scabby spots on ! tub]s4 ,se$ potatoes c be dis9fect$ by soak+ !m1 be=e !y are cut1 = two h\rs 9 a solution ( "o "p ,=mal9 to two hundr$ & =ty p>ts wat]4 ,?is treatm5t w n prev5t scab if ! soil is already infect$4 ,an alkal9e soil favors ! gr[? ( ?is disease4 ,late blight appe>s late 9 ! season & causes ! leaves to black51 become wat]y1 & decay1 (t5 accompani$ ) an (f5sive odor4 ,! disease also p5etrates ! tub]s & r5d]s !m unfit = /orage purposes4 ,spray+ ) ,bordeaux mixture is practis$ z a prev5tive measure4 ,x %\ld be appli$ :5 ! plants are six in*es high1 & repeat$ at int]vals ( ab\t t5 days until ! crop is mature4 ,crops c be obta9$ )\t spray+1 b ,bordeaux mixture may be consid]$ z a =m ( insurance4 ,lead ars5ate may be add$ to ! ,bordeaux mixture if potato-beetles are pres5t4 ,tomato4--,tomato leaf-spot is a disease :i* causes d>k-br[n spots to appe> on ! leaves4 ,! areas attack$ %rivel & die4 ,spray ) ,bordeaux mixture4 ,x is j z important to apply rem$ial or prev5tive measures e>ly 9 ! case ( diseases z x is 9 controll+ insect pe/s4 ,f9e mi/-l sprays %\ld be us$ z recomm5d$ = apply+ /oma* poisons1 & = ! same reason4 ,,xiii ,,! ,,culture ,,( ,,vegetables ,,9 ,,detail ,?is *apt] is devot$ to h9ts on ! cultivation ( ! m important vegetables1 toge!r ) "s m5tion ( v>ieties suit$ = 8w>-g>d50 plant+4 ,arti*oke1 ,j]usalem4--,?is has ab\t ! same food value z ! potato1 b1 un=tunately1 x is a r ta/eless product4 ,prop] cook+1 ) ! addition ( sauces & condim5ts1 w make x palatable4 ,x is a tall1 co>se-gr[+ plant belong+ to ! sunfl[] family4 ,if y h an out-(-!-way spot 9 y\r g>d5 :]e no?+ else w gr[1 try a few arti*okes4 ,x ne$s sun%9e1 b is n p>ticul> z to soil4 ,x %\ld be plant$ 9 ! spr+ on gr\nd t has _h a dress+ ( b>n-y>d manure spad$ 94 ,plant ! tub]s a foot ap>t 9 r[s two feet ap>t4 ,! plant is a p]5nial1 & likely to become a tr\blesome we$ unless re/rict$ to "o corn] ( ! g>d54 ,beans4--,?is gr\p comprises "s ( ! mo/ important ( g>d5 vegetables4 ,! v>i\s types ( beans diff] greatly 9 _! requirem5ts1 & !re is sc>cely any k9d ( soil or climate t w support vegetation1 :]e beans ( "o k9d or ano!r _c be gr[n4 ,mo/ ( ! beans are v susceptible to cold & mu/ n be plant$ until ! soil has w>m$ up & all dang] ( fro/ is pa/4 ,!re is "o k9d1 h[ev]1 belong+ to a diff]5t g5us ?an ! common beans1 :i* is n h>m$ by fro/ & :i* requires a long1 cool season to develop prop]ly4 ,?is is ! broad1 or ,w9dsor1 bean4 ,a ri* clay loam is be/ suit$ to ?is plant1 & ! se$s mu/ be plant$ j z soon z ! gr\nd is 9 condition to be work$ on 9 ! spr+4 ,plant !m 9 r[s two feet ap>t1 & ?ree in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,! ord9>y g>d5 beans c be divid$ into two gr\ps--! pole beans1 :i* c be subdivid$ into ^? ( ! /r+ & ,lima types2 & ! bu% beans1 compris+ /r+-beans1 gre5 & wax podd$1 gre5-%ell beans1 dry-%ell beans1 & ,limas4 ,! pole beans1 especially ! ,limas1 are v susceptible to cold & _c be plant$ outdoors 9 ! vic9ity ( ,new ,york until t[>d ! end ( ,may1 & n until ,june if x happ5s to be a cool season4 ,!y require a light1 f]tile soil = _! be/ developm5t4 ,se$s c be plant$ 9 hills ?ree feet ap>t ea* way1 plac+ ?ree or f\r se$s 9 ea* hill4 ,poles mu/ be provid$ = !m to climb on & ^! %\ld be 9 place be=e ! se$s are plant$4 ,!y c also be plant$ & tra9$ on a trellis1 z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,x4 ,bu% beans ( ! /r+ type are less affect$ by cold ?an ! prec$+1 b are n v h>dy 9 ?is respect4 ,!y may be plant$ z soon z dang] ( fro/ is pa/ if ! gr\nd is n too cold & wet4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ! r[s %\ld be ab\t eighte5 in*es1 ! plants /&+ f ?ree to f\r in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,bu% beans w gr[ 9 a v>iety ( soils rang+ f ^? ( a s&y nature to clay loams1 b !y gr[ be/ 9 s&y loam4 ,%ell beans ( ! ,improv$ ,navy type 7pea-beans7 are especially adapt$ = plant+ 9 s&y soils4 ,bu% ,lima beans require ! same k9d ( soil z ! pole beans1 & %\ld be plant$ at ! same "t4 ,make ! r[s two feet ap>t1 ) ! plants f six to n9e in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,! foll[+ are good v>ieties4 ,( ! dw>f1 wax-podd$ k9ds ,ru/-pro( ,gold5 ,wax & ,burpee's ,kidney are desirable4 ,b\ntiful1 a flat-podd$ type1 & ,val5t9e1 a r\nd-podd$ k9d1 are good examples ( dw>f1 gre5 snap-beans4 ,9 ! pole beans we h ,gold5 ,c>m9e & ,gold5 ,clu/]1 bo? wax-pods1 & ,k5tucky ,wond]1 an excell5t1 gre5 snap-bean & also suitable = provid+ dry-%ell beans4 ,( beans t are gr[n = _! se$s ! foll[+ may be not$3 ,dw>f ,horticultural 7c also be us$ z a snap-bean71 ,improv$ ,navy1 & ,:ite ,m>r[4 ,! ,limas are repres5t$ by two =ms1 ! dw>f & ! climb+ k9ds4 ,good dw>f ,limas are ,burpee's ,improv$1 & ,=dhook4 ,= plant+ 9 ! ,nor!rn /ates1 ,levia?an1 :i* is a quick-matur+ v>iety1 is v suitable4 ,?is & ,k+ ( ! ,g>d51 a v productive k9d1 are pole1 or climb+1 ,limas4 ,beets are "o ( ! h>dy vegetables :i* c be plant$ z soon z ! gr\nd has be5 prep>$ 9 ! spr+4 ,!re are two di/9ct k9ds ( beets--^? :i* h a globul> or flat root1 & ^? ) a long1 tap]+ root4 ,! latt] are ( sl[] gr[? ?an ! r\nd k9ds1 & are v suitable = w9t] /orage1 b _! cultivation %\ld n be attempt$ unless ! soil is deep & ( a s&y nature4 ,! globe beets are ! be/ = ! home g>d5]4 ,= ! fir/ plant+ a quick-matur+ k9d1 su* z ,crosby's ,egyptian1 %\ld be *os54 ,= lat] plant+s ,detroit ,d>k ,r$ is suitable1 & ?is is a good v>iety to plant t[>d ! end ( ,june or e>ly ,july to =m roots suitable = w9t] /orage4 ,beets c be plant$ 9 r[s f twelve to eighte5 in*es ap>t4 ,aft] ! se$l+s h rea*$ a height ( two or ?ree in*es !y %\ld be ?9n$ out to /& f\r in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,if desir$1 ^! ?9n+s may be tak5 up c>efully1 s z n to break ! roots1 & transplant$ 9 ano!r "p ( ! g>d54 ,ano!r plan is to def] ?9n+ until ! plants are f f\r to six in*es 9 height1 & !n use ! ?9n+s z 8gre5s40 ,beets w gr[ 9 almo/ any soil1 b ! be/ crops are produc$ on s&y loams4 ,cabbage may be gr[n z an e>ly crop1 to mature ar\nd ,june or ,july1 or z a late crop1 to mature 9 ! fall4 ,! e>ly crop is usually produc$ f se$s s[n 9 a gre5h\se or hotb$ 9 ,febru>y or e>ly ,m>*1 ! "y plants be+ set out 9 ,april4 ,!y require pl5ty ( room = developm5t & %\ld be plant$ s z to /& f eighte5 in*es to two feet ap>t 9 ! r[s1 ! r[s be+ two & "o-half to ?ree feet ap>t4 ,e>ly ,j]sey ,wakefield is ! v>iety commonly gr[n = an e>ly crop4 ,se$s = ! late crop c be s[n 9 ,may4 ,if s[n outdoors1 a plot ( ri*1 s&y soil 7a squ>e y>d w produce an ample supply ( se$l+s = mo/ home g>d5s7 %\ld be *os54 ,if ! plot has be5 lim$ a %ort "t previ\s x is an advantage1 z an alkal9e soil less5s ! liability to club root1 a disease :i* prev5ts prop] developm5t ( ! cabbage4 ,! resultant se$l+s %\ld be set out 9 ,july4 ,z late cabbages are /rong] gr[]s & =m l>g] heads ?an ! e>ly k9ds1 !y %\ld be giv5 m room--?ree feet betwe5 ! r[s & two feet ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,a /&>d v>iety = late plant+ is ,flat ,dut*4 ,cabbages w succe$ 9 a v>iety ( soils1 b to get be/ results heavy applications ( decay$ /able manure %\ld be incorporat$ ) ! soil be=e plant+4 ,surface dress+s ( nitrate ( soda are also b5eficial4 ,c>rot4--,?is crop c be plant$ any "t aft] ! gr\nd is 9 condition 9 ! spr+ up to ,july1 :i* is a suitable "t to s[ se$s = ! crop design$ = w9t] /orage4 ,! quick-matur+ k9ds1 su* z ,e>ly ,sc>let ,horn1 %\ld be s[n fir/1 *oos+ ! w>me/ position 9 ! g>d54 ,^! w be ready = use 9 a %ort "t1 :5 !y may be h>ve/$ & ! gr\nd us$ = ano!r crop4 ,= lat] crops ,danv]'s ,half-long may be us$4 ,c>rot se$ %\ld be s[n 9 r[s a foot or fifte5 in*es ap>t & "o-half in* deep4 ,! e>ly v>ieties %\ld be ?9n$ to /& ab\t two in*es ap>t1 :ile ! ma9 crop ne$s ab\t f\r in*es betwe5 ea* plant4 ,"s p def] ! ?9n+ ( _! c>rots until !y are ( suffici5t size = ! table4 8,baby0 c>rots are "o ( ! mo/ delici\s ( vegetables :5 !y are prop]ly cook$1 f> pref]able to ! roots t h be5 all[$ to mature4 ,:ile ?is plan has great advantages1 ! c>rots left beh9d d n atta9 s great a size z w\ld be ! case if ?9n+ _h be5 att5d$ to e>li]4 ,a deep1 well-cultivat$ soil is ! be/ = ?is crop4 ,9 heavy soils t h n be5 deeply work$1 ! %ort-root$ k9ds1 su* z ,ox-he>t1 %\ld be plant$4 ,caulifl[]4--,! cultivation ( caulifl[] is sub/antially ! same z t ( cabbage4 ,x is a cool-wea!r crop1 & n mu* success is likely to be obta9$ if attempts are made to mature x dur+ hot wea!r4 ,= ?is reason x is ei!r plant$ e>ly1 or z late z possible consi/5t ) ! prospects ( matur+ ! crop4 ,x requires a light1 ri* soil4 ,:5 ! heads beg9 to =m1 x is advisable to b5d ! outside leaves ov] & fa/5 !m 9 su* a way t ! head is %ad$ f ! sun4 ,caulifl[] is emphatically n a crop = ! novice4 ,cel]y4--,!re are two di/9ct k9ds ( cel]y--! s-call$ 8self-blan*+0 v>ieties1 & ! gre5-leaf k9ds4 ,! =m] are ! e>lie/ to mature1 b are n to be comp>$ = flavor & t5d]ness ) ! latt]4 ,se$ ( ! e>ly k9ds1 ( :i* ,:ite ,plume is an example1 is s[n 9 ,febru>y 9 a gre5h\se or hotb$4 ,! "y plants %\ld be transplant$ once or twice1 ei!r 9 %all[ boxes fill$ ) e>? or 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 be=e ! plants are set out :]e !y are to mature1 9 ,may or ,june4 ,cel]y naturally =ms a long 8tap root0 ) few fib]s4 ,! object ( ! successive transplant+s is to *eck ?is 8tap root0 & promote ! =mation ( a mass ( fibr\s fe$+-roots4 ,! plants are plac$ 9 s+le or d\ble r[s ?irty in*es or ?ree feet ap>t1 & f f\r to six in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,:5 !y atta9 suffici5t size !y are blan*$ by plac+ bo>ds1 a foot wide & z long z c conv5i5tly be h&l$1 on ei!r side ( ! r[4 ,o!r me?ods ( blan*+ are by slipp+ a dra9-pipe ov] ea* plant or by wrapp+ ar\nd !m a coll> made ( /\t pap] & ty+ x 9 place ) tw9e4 ,se$ ( late cel]y is s[n ab\t ! same "t z ! e>ly k9ds1 or a few weeks lat]1 & ! proc$ure is ! same up until plant+-"t1 :i* is e>ly 9 ,july4 ,late cel]y is ( /rong] gr[? ?an ! e>ly v>ieties & ne$s m room = its developm5t4 ,! plants %\ld be set 9 r[s ?ree & a half to f\r feet ap>t1 & six in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,9 "s sections x is cu/om>y to dig a tr5* six in*es or m deep & plant ! cel]y 9 ?is4 ,by ?is means wat]+ is facilitat$1 & x is easi] to blan* ! cel]y lat] on4 ,?is me?od is n advisable :5 ! good soil is %all[1 z x results 9 ! roots be+ plac$ 9 ! inf]tile subsoil4 ,blan*+ ( late cel]y is usually effect$ by m\nd+ ! /alks ) e>? dug f betwe5 ! r[s4 ,two p]sons c mo/ advantage\sly p]=m ?is op]ation1 "o hold+ ! /alks toge!r s t ! soil does n fall into ! he>t1 ! o!r m\nd+ up ! soil & patt+ x into position ) ! back ( a spade4 ,x is n wor? :ile to attempt to gr[ cel]y unless a ri*1 moi/ soil is available4 ,good v>ieties ( 8self-blan*+0 cel]y are ,:ite ,plume & ,gold5 ,self-blan*+4 ,among ! be/ ( ! 8gre5-leaf0 k9ds are ,giant ,pascal & ,w9t] ,que54 ,! latt] v>iety has a spl5did flavor & keeps well into ! w9t]4 ,*>d4--,"o ( ! easie/ to gr[ & mo/ productive ( ! pot h]bs is ,swiss *>d1 8silv] beet0 or 8leaf beet0 z x is sometimes call$4 ,! se$s %\ld be s[n 9 r[s ab\t eighte5 in*es ap>t4 ,:5 ! plants are ab\t f\r in*es high !y c be ?9n$ s z to /& six in*es ap>t & ! ?9n+s us$ z 8gre5s40 ,lat] on alt]nate plants %\ld be tak5 out1 s t f9ally ea* plant is a foot away f ! next4 ,aft] ?is /age is arriv$ at ! *>d %\ld be pick$ by pull+ (f ! outside leaves4 ,!re are two v>ieties li/$ 9 ! catalogues4 ,"o1 ,lucullus1 has crumpl$ leaves & v broad1 ?ick1 :ite midribs4 ,?is is ! v>iety t %\ld be gr[n :5 x is desir$ to cook & s]ve ! midribs sep>ately1 aft] ! fa%ion ( asp>agus4 ,swiss *>d is a =m ( beet :i* does n produce edible roots4 ,nitrate ( soda1 z recomm5d$ = kohlrabi1 is an excell5t f]tiliz] = ?is crop4 ,corn1 ! mo/ delectable ( all vegetables1 %\ld receive ! att5tion ( all home g>d5]s :o h suffici5t room & a fairly ri* soil4 ,?is is a vegetable ! flavor ( :i* rapidly det]iorates aft] ! e>s h be5 remov$ f ! plant2 !re=e ! /ore article c nev] be z good z ! home-gr[n k9d4 ,! hill & drill me?ods ( plant+ ea* h _! vehem5t advocates4 ,good crops c be obta9$ ei!r way1 b ! drill me?od is probably be/ = ! small g>d54 ,! se$s are plant$ 9 drills two in*es deep1 dropp+ two or ?ree se$s at e foot4 ,:5 !y g]m9ate1 all b ! /ronge/ plant %\ld be pull$ up f ea* gr\p4 ,! r[s c be two & a half feet ap>t = ! small-gr[+ k9ds l ,gold5 ,bantam1 & ?ree feet = ! l>g] v>ieties su* z ,/[ell's ,ev]gre54 ,:5 ! hill sy/em ( cultivation is adopt$1 five or six se$s are plant$ 9 spaces two & a half or ?ree feet ap>t ea* way4 ,! "y plants are ?9n$ out to /& ?ree or f\r to a hill4 ,corn ne$s to be frequ5tly ho$ to get be/ results4 ,sev]al me?ods may be adopt$ 9 ord] to insure a succession ( corn = ! table4 ,a quick-matur+ v>iety may be plant$ at int]vals ( ?ree weeks up to ! middle ( ,july1 or1 e>ly1 midseason1 & late v>ieties may be plant$ at ! same "t 9 ,may or ,june4 ,! removal ( ! side %oots :i* appe> 9 ! axils ( ! leaves at ! base ( ! plant %\ld be att5d$ to4 ,?is is kn[n z 8suck]+40 ,x causes ! vigor ( ! plant to be conc5trat$ 9 ! production ( e>s in/ead ( be+ fritt]$ away on side %oots or 8suck]s0 :i* w nev] am\nt to any?+4 ,corn %\ld n be plant$ until ! soil has w>m$ up & dang] ( fro/ is pa/4 ,x is p]missible1 h[ev]1 to take a *ance ) a few r[s by s[+ e>ly1 9 ! hope t !y w come ?r\gh all "r--say ab\t ! end ( ,april or beg9n+ ( ,may 9 ^? sections :i* possess a climate simil> to t ( ,new ,york4 ,cucumb]s are a crop t requires a fair am\nt ( room = prop] developm5t4 ,!y %\ld be plant$ 9 hills five feet ap>t ea* way1 ) f\r or five plants 9 ea* hill2 or 9 r[s five feet ap>t1 ) ! plants /&+ ab\t "o foot ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,! se$s %\ld n be plant$ outdoors until all dang] ( fro/ is pa/4 ,an e>ly crop c be obta9$ by rais+ ! plants 9 a gre5h\se by s[+ ! se$s e>ly 9 b]ry-boxes & transplant+ outdoors :5 ! wea!r is w>m en\gh4 ,x is a good plan1 :5 plant+ outdoors1 to s[ ! se$s r ?ickly1 ab\t t5 se$s to a hill1 s z to get a good /& & less5 ! risk ( los+ ! plants by insect attacks4 ,! soil mo/ suitable = cucumb]s is a s&y loam t has be5 well enri*$ ) decay$ /able manure4 ,!y w succe$ admirably on newly brok5 sod l&4 ,! be/ cucumb]s = outdoor plant+ are ^? belong+ to ! 8:ite sp9e0 type1 ( :i* ,davis ,p]fect is a good example4 ,= supply+ small cucumb]s = pickl+1 ,=dhook ,pickl+ is "o ( ! be/ v>ieties to gr[4 ,egg-plant is a tropical plant :i* w n mature its fruits 9 ! ,nor!rn /ates unless its season ( gr[? is l5g!n$ by />t+ ! plants 9 a gre5h\se or hotb$4 ,x is v susceptible to cold & x is sc>cely safe to set ! "y plants outdoors until ,june 9 ! latitude ( ,new ,york4 ,egg-plant requires a sunny position & a w>m1 light1 f]tile soil4 ,x c be plant$ 9 r[s two & a half to ?ree feet ap>t1 two feet be+ all[$ betwe5 ! plants 9 ! r[s4 ,black ,beauty is a /&>d v>iety4 ,e>ly ,long ,purple is a quick-matur+ k9d4 ,kale4--,! cultivation ( kale is practically t ( late cabbage4 ,x is an extremely h>dy vegetable & w /& a great deal ( fro/4 ,kohlrabi is ano!r memb] ( ! cabbage gr\p4 ,x is desirable to mature x quickly1 z sl[-gr[n plants are woody & in$ible4 ,?is quick gr[? is effect$ by plant+ 9 ri* soil & by giv+ top-dress+s ( nitrate ( soda at ! rate ( "o ounce to t5 feet ( r[4 ,! swoll5 /ems %\ld be eat5 :5 !y are ab\t two in*es 9 diamet]4 ,e>ly ,vi5na1 ei!r :ite or purple top1 is a good v>iety4 ,! se$s may be s[n 9 ! spr+ j z soon z ! gr\nd c be work$1 9 r[s f fifte5 to eighte5 in*es ap>t4 ,:5 ! "y plants are l>ge en\gh !y are ?9n$ to /& six in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s2 if s desir$1 ! ?9n+s may be us$ z 8gre5s40 ,lettuce1 ! mo/ important salad crop1 requires a ri*1 s&y soil4 ,x is seldom t x w 8head0 prop]ly 9 city backy>ds1 because ( unsuitable soil & o!r adv]se conditions4 ,lettuce is a cool-wea!r crop1 & dur+ ! hot days ( summ] ! greate/ difficulty is exp]i5c$ 9 gr[+ x4 ,!re are sev]al diff]5t types4 ,! loose-leaf k9ds1 ^? t d n =m a head1 are ! easie/ to gr[4 ,! o!r =ms are ! ,roma9e1 or ,cos1 :i* makes a column> head1 & ! ord9>y k9d1 or cabbage lettuce4 ,! se$s %\ld be plant$ %all[ly 9 r[s a foot or eighte5 in*es ap>t1 & aft]w>d ! "y plants mu/ be ?9n$ to /& t5 or twelve in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,a r[ tw5ty feet long is en\gh to plant at "o s[+4 ,o!r plant+s %\ld be made at int]vals ( two or ?ree weeks1 s z to provide a succession4 ,dur+ hot wea!r ! plants are b5efit$ by be+ %ad$ ) *eese-clo? scre5s4 ,^! c be conv5i5tly made by tack+ *eese-clo? on la? frames ( suitable size1 :i* %\ld be support$ on /akes driv5 into ! gr\nd4 ,quick gr[? is ess5tial to obta9 crisp1 well-flavor$ lettuce4 ,?is c p>tially be br\ght ab\t by ! use ( nitrate ( soda1 z recomm5d$ = kohlrabi4 ,avoid gett+ any ( ! nitrate on ! leaves ( ! plants1 z x w burn !m4 ,good v>ieties ( lettuce are ,may ,k+ & ,hanson1 belong+ to ! cabbage-head type2 ,gr& ,rapids1 a loose-leaf v>iety2 & ,p>is ,:ite ,cos4 ,9 cities sp>r[s are frequ5tly tr\blesome to gr[]s ( lettuce1 z !y are fond ( pick+ (f ! leaves ( ! "y plants4 ,protection is effect$ by /ret*+ sev]al /r&s ( /rong ?read a few in*es above ! r[s4 ,! sp>r[s become v suspici\s ( an arrangem5t ( ?is k9d1 & x is usually efficaci\s 9 keep+ !m away f ! plants4 ,muskmelon4--,! cultivation ( ?is crop is v mu* l t ( cucumb]4 ,muskmelons are r m susceptible to cold ?an ! latt]1 & 9 consequ5ce ! soil & air mu/ be w>m be=e !y are plant$4 ,! soil mu/ be well dra9$ or !y w n succe$4 ,:5 !y h to be plant$ on l& t is cold & poorly dra9$ x is a good plan to plant !m on ridges or m\nds1 ab\t two feet across1 rais$ six in*es or s above ! g5]al level4 ,?is assi/s ! soil 9 w>m+ up & insures bett] dra9age4 ,a lay] ( decay$ manure ab\t ?ree in*es ?ick1 buri$ 9 ! hills :]e ! plants are to gr[1 greatly helps ?is crop & o!rs ( a simil> nature1 su* z cucumb]s1 squa%1 & pumpk94 ,frequ5t cultivation ( ! surface soil is necess>y to /imulate gr[?1 keep d[n we$s1 & cons]ve moi/ure1 :5 ! plants are "y4 ,good v>ieties ( muskmelon are ,em]ald ,gem1 a small or salmon-fle%$ =m1 & ,rocky ,=d & ,hack5sack1 :i* are ( m$ium size ) gre5 fle%4 ,okra4--,! cultivation ( okra is v simil> to t ( corn1 al?\gh o!rwise !y h no?+ else 9 common4 ,x succe$s be/ 9 a s&y1 well-f]tiliz$ loam4 ,onion4--,!re are two ways ( produc+ a crop ( onions--f 8sets0 & f se$4 8,sets0 are small onions produc$ by s[+ se$ v ?ickly 9 r poor soil & all[+ ! plants to mature z !y /&4 ,?is results 9 a crop ( small bulbs :i* are /or$ ov] ! w9t] & sold ! foll[+ spr+ z onion 8sets40 ,!re are two me?ods ( rais+ onions f se$4 ,! plants may be obta9$ by s[+ ! se$ 9 a gre5h\se 9 ,febru>y1 transplant+ ! se$l+s to ! op5 gr\nd 9 ,april4 ,! proc$ure mo/ commonly foll[$1 h[ev]1 is to plant ! se$s 9 r[s a foot ap>t1 9 ! position :]e !y are to mature1 z e>ly z possible 9 ! spr+4 ,:5 ! "y plants appe> !y are ?9n$ to f\r in*es ap>t4 ,if ! se$l+s are left until !y are ! ?ickness ( a lead-p5cil !y may be pull$ & us$ z a salad 9 ! =m ( bun* onions4 ,a crop c be produc$ e>li] by ! use ( 8sets40 ,^! are plant$ 9 furr[s two in*es deep1 spac+ !m two in*es ap>t4 ,! soil is !n drawn ov] !m & firm$4 ,aft] "s gr[? has be5 made1 alt]nate plants may be pull$ out & us$ z salad1 leav+ ! rema9d] to mature4 ,?or\gh prep>ation ( ! soil is ess5tial to a*ieve success 9 gr[+ onions4 ,x %\ld be dug up z deeply z possible1 ?or\ghly pulv]iz$1 & aft]w>d compact$ by roll+ ) a g>d5 roll] or by tramp+4 ,onions succe$ be/ on soil :i* is fairly ret5tive ( moi/ure & ri* 9 nitrog54 ,top-dress+s ( h5 or %eep manure1 or ( nitrate ( soda1 are b5eficial to ?is crop4 ,rememb] :at has be5 said previ\sly ) reg>d to tak+ c>e n to apply too mu* ( any ( ^! f]tiliz]s4 ,we$+ is a v important op]ation 9 connection ) onion-gr[+1 & "s ( x1 :5 ! we$s are close to or 9 ! r[s1 has to be done by h&4 ,if ! we$s are all[$ to obta9 a headway ! crop w suff] greatly 9 consequ5ce4 ,9 wet seasons1 & :5 plant$ 9 ri*1 ret5tive soils1 ! bulbs sometimes fail to mature at ! prop] "t4 ,:5 !y %[ signs ( gr[+ too late 9 ! fall1 x is cu/om>y to g ov] ! plot & break ov] ! tops4 ,?is c be done by dragg+ a bo>d ov] ! onion-b$1 or1 if ! plot is a small "o1 x may be done by h&4 ,?is process arre/s gr[? & causes ! bulbs to mature s t !y are suitable = w9t] /orage4 ,immature bulbs w n keep prop]ly4 ,/&>d v>ieties ( onion are ,yell[ ,danv]s & ,s\?port ,globe1 :i* c be obta9$ 9 r$1 :ite1 & yell[ =ms4 ,prize-tak] is a v l>ge1 mild onion :i* succe$s be/ :5 />t$ 9 a gre5h\se4 ,p>sley succe$s be/ 9 a clay loam soil t has be5 well f]tiliz$ ) /able manure4 ,! se$s are sl[ to g]m9ate & x is frequ5tly f\r or five weeks be=e ! "y plants %[ !mselves above ! gr\nd4 ,gr[? may be ha/5$ by soak+ ! se$s 9 tepid wat] = tw5ty-f\r h\rs be=e s[+ !m4 ,!y %\ld be plant$ 9 r[s a foot ap>t & ! "y plants ?9n$ to /& six in*es ap>t4 ,*ampion ,moss ,curl$ is a good v>iety4 ,p>snip4--,a long season is requir$ = ! developm5t ( l>ge roots4 ,! se$s %\ld be s[n 9 ,april 9 r[s f fifte5 to eighte5 in*es ap>t1 aft]w>d ?9n+ ! se$l+s s t !y /& six in*es ap>t4 ,! se$s are sl[ 9 g]m9at+ & x is a good plan to s[ a few se$s ( radi% 9 ! drill ) !m4 ,! radi%es g]m9ate quickly & s]ve to break ! surface cru/ & to m>k ! r[ s t cultivation may be p]=m$ close to ! r[ )\t di/urb+ ! p>snip se$s4 ,! radi%es are mature & c be pull$ & us$ = ! table by ! "t ! p>snips h appe>$ above ! gr\nd4 ,a deep1 loamy soil is mo/ suit$ = ! production ( p>snips4 ,9 a %all[ soil ! roots are likely to be /unt$ & mis%ap54 ,! foll[+ me?od ( produc+ extra-l>ge & well-%ap$ roots is sometimes us$ by exhibitors ( vegetables4 ,holes ab\t two feet deep & ?ree in*es 9 diamet] at ! top are made 9 ! gr\nd ) a cr[b> at int]vals ( ab\t n9e in*es4 ,^! holes are fill$ ) sift$ f]tile e>?1 & ?ree or f\r se$s plant$ 9 ea*4 ,:5 ! se$l+s appe>1 all b ! /ronge/ are pull$ out4 ,?is me?od is only to be recomm5d$ :5 x is desir$ to walk (f ) ! prize = ! be/ p>snips at ! c\nty fair or ! t[n vegetable %[4 ,holl[ ,cr[n is a good v>iety4 ,peas are ess5tially a cool-wea!r crop1 & !y especially res5t hot1 dry conditions at ! root4 ,= ?is reason ! se$s %\ld be plant$ j z soon z ! gr\nd is workable 9 ! spr+4 ,! dw>f v>ieties c be plant$ 9 d\ble r[s ab\t six in*es ap>t1 leav+ a space ( eighte5 in*es or two feet betwe5 ea* d\ble r[4 ,! tall v>ieties1 :i* ne$ support ( "s k9d1 may be plant$ 9 ! same way1 b a space v>y+ f ?ree to five feet mu/ be all[$ betwe5 ! r[s1 accord+ to ! height ( ! v>iety plant$4 ,! tall] ! v>iety1 ! great] is ! necessity = ample space betwe5 ! r[s4 ,x is said to be possible to produce a crop ( peas 9 ! fall by s[+ ! se$s 9 ,augu/1 b ! writ] has nev] se5 mu* success atta9$ ) a crop at ?is season2 at any rate1 n 9 ! vic9ity ( ,new ,york4 ,= a late crop ( peas x is advisable to dig a tr5* f six to eight in*es deep & s[ ! se$s 9 ?is1 cov]+ !m ) two in*es ( soil1 z usual4 ,wat] !m ?or\ghly if ! wea!r is dry4 ,z ! plants gr[ ! e>? %\ld be gradually drawn into ! tr5* until x is fill$ up to ! surr\nd+ level4 ,?is sy/em is adopt$ s t ! roots may be well d[n 9 ! e>? & ?us protect$ f ! hot rays ( ! sun4 ,?is is also a good me?od to adopt = late spr+ plant+s ( peas4 ,a fairly f]tile1 loamy soil1 well dra9$1 b ( a ret5tive nature1 is mo/ suit$ to peas4 ,fir/ ( ,all1 ?irty in*es high1 is a good v>iety ( ! smoo?-se$$ type ( pea4 ,?is type does n possess su* a good flavor z ! wr9kl$-se$$ k9ds1 b ! se$s are n likely to rot if plant$ 9 cold1 wet soil4 ,nott's ,excelsior is an excell5t dw>f v>iety ( ! wr9kl$-se$ type4 ,( ! tall k9ds1 ,ald]man1 five feet 9 height1 ,gradus1 ?irty in*es1 & ,*ampion ( ,engl&1 five feet1 are to be recomm5d$4 ,pepp]s require v mu* ! same conditions z tomatoes & egg-plant1 except t !y may be plant$ some:at clos] toge!r4 ,! r[s %\ld be f eighte5 in*es to two feet ap>t1 ) ! plants spac$ f "o to two feet ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,bull ,nose & ,*9ese ,giant are good examples ( ! mild1 sweet k9ds1 ) ,gold5 ,que5 to give color v>iation 9 ! salad made f !m4 ,long ,r$ ,cay5ne & ,r$ ,*ili %\ld be *os5 if ! pepp]y v>ieties are desir$4 ,potato4--,! l>ge/ crops ( potatoes are produc$ 9 cool1 moi/1 climates su* z are f\nd 9 ,great ,brita91 p>ts ( ,europe1 &1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ,ma9e & ,mi*igan4 ,! soils be/ suit$ = potatoes are f]tile1 r s&y loams :i* %\ld be fairly ret5tive ( moi/ure4 ,a soil ( ?is nature :i* has be5 heavily f]tiliz$ ) b>n-y>d manure ! prec$+ ye> may be consid]$ ideal = potato culture4 ,! use ( b>n-y>d manure1 p>ticul>ly if x is fre%1 is inadvisable if ! soil conta9s a good proportion ( humus & is 9 good physical condition4 ,x is claim$ t ! practice ( us+ b>n-y>d manure ! curr5t season causes ! crop to be m susceptible to attacks ( potato scab4 ,_m ( ! l>ge/ gr[]s ( potatoes refra9 f f]tiliz+ directly ) b>n-y>d manure1 b rely in/ead on ! use ( comm]cial f]tiliz]s4 ,^! may be appli$ broadca/ ov] ! field 9 ! spr+1 aft] ! soil has be5 pl[$1 & h>r[$ 94 ,if only a small quantity ( f]tiliz] is available1 x is pref]able to apply x by spread+ x 9 ! furr[s1 b ?or\ghly mix+ x 9 ! soil be=e ! potatoes are plant$4 ,! f]tiliz] obta9able f mo/ se$sm5 "u ! "n ( 8potato manure0 c safely be us$ 9 ! furr[s at ! rate ( five p\nds to a plot ( f\r hundr$ squ>e feet4 8,se$0 potatoes %\ld consi/ ( m$ium-siz$ tub]s1 ,nor!rn gr[n1 & free f disease4 ,al?\gh :ole potatoes may be plant$1 ! usual practice is to cut !m into pieces1 ea* piece conta9+ two or ?ree 8eyes10 or buds4 ,:5 cutt+ ! potatoes = sets make ea* piece z 8*unky0 z possible s t !re is a good-siz$ piece ( potato = ! 8eyes0 to draw ^u = _! food supply until !y h =m$ a root sy/em ( _! own4 ,!re are two me?ods ( plant+ potatoes--9 hills & 9 furr[s or r[s4 ,9 ! hill sy/em ( plant+1 ! plants are spac$ f two to ?ree feet ap>t ei!r way1 ! di/ance be+ dep5d5t on ! vigor ( ! v>iety4 ,:5 plant$ 9 furr[s ! r[s are spac$ f two to ?ree feet ap>t & ! sets plac$ f twelve to eighte5 in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,! e>ly v>ieties may be plant$ ab\t f\r in*es deep1 & ! late v>ieties ab\t six in*es4 ,:5 ! %oots appe> above ! gr\nd ! surface soil %\ld be cultivat$ to cons]ve moi/ure & to keep d[n we$s4 ,lat] 9 ! season :5 ! tub]s are be+ =m$ x is cu/om>y to hill !m up ) e>? s z to cov] ! tub]s & prev5t 8gre5+10 & also to assi/ 9 keep+ ! roots cool4 ,! potato is p>ticul>ly susceptible to environm5tal conditions4 ,a v>iety t may be an excell5t cropp] 9 "o section may be an utt] failure 9 ano!r4 ,x is ?us difficult to recomm5d any p>ticul> v>iety4 ,! be/ plan = ^? :o are to attempt ! cultivation ( potatoes is to make inquiry 9 ! neighborhood ) a view to f9d+ ! v>iety t is mo/ successful 9 t locality4 ,! foll[+ are /&>d v>ieties t are widely gr[n3 e>ly v>ieties--,iri% ,cobbl]1 ,e>ly ,rose1 ,e>ly ,ohio2 ma9-crop v>ieties--,c>man ,no4 #a1 ,gre5 ,m\nta91 & ,rural ,new-,york]4 ,pumpk9s w succe$ "u practically ! same conditions z outl9$ = cucumb] & melon4 ,!y are also subject to ! same insect pe/s4 ,?is crop is frequ5tly gr[n 9 ! corn-pat*1 9 hills ab\t eight feet ap>t ea* way1 plant+ five or six se$s to a hill4 ,radi%es are only palatable :5 !y h be5 gr[n v quickly4 ,if !y are sl[ 9 com+ to maturity ! product is pi?y & wor?less4 ,a light1 ri* soil is mo/ suit$ to ! production ( radi%es4 ,! se$s %\ld be s[n 9 r[s n9e in*es or a foot ap>t & ! se$l+s ?9n$ to ab\t two in*es4 ,x does n pay to transplant radi%es4 ,five or six feet ( r[ is suffici5t to plant at "o "t1 secur+ a succession by plant+ o!r bat*es at int]vals ( ab\t t5 days4 ,radi%es are usually n 9 great dem& dur+ ! summ] mon?s1 z ! home gr[] has be5 surfeit$ by 8 spr+ crop4 ,^? :o are s fond ( radi%es t !y want !m ?r\gh\t ! :ole season %\ld plant ,:ite ,/rasburg or ,icicle to mature dur+ ! hot wea!r1 & ,c>d9al ,globe1 ,r\nd ,r$ ,=c+1 or ,fr5* ,breakfa/ = an e>ly crop4 ,w9t] radi%es1 :i* =m v l>ge roots & may be /or$ by ! same me?ods adopt$ = beets & c>rots1 are usually s[n ab\t ! end ( ,july or beg9n+ ( ,augu/4 ,!y ne$ m space 9 :i* to mature--ab\t eighte5 in*es betwe5 ! r[s & six in*es 9 ! r[s4 ,rutabaga4--,see ,turnip4 ,salsify or ,vegetable ,oy/] is a vegetable t is com+ into m g5]al use4 ,se$s are s[n e>ly 9 ! spr+ on deeply brok5 gr\nd 9 r[s fifte5 in*es ap>t1 & ! plants ?9n$ to ?ree in*es4 ,! roots are dug 9 ! fall & /or$ l beets1 or !y may be left 9 ! gr\nd & dug :5 requir$ = use1 if ! wea!r p]mits4 ,sp9a* is a cool-wea!r crop t requires a light soil heavily manur$ ) decay$ /able manure = be/ results4 ,! se$s %\ld be plant$ 9 v e>ly spr+ or 9 ,septemb]1 9 r[s fifte5 in*es ap>t1 & ! plants ?9n$ to /& f\r in*es ap>t4 ,nitrate ( soda z recomm5d$ = kohlrabi is good = ?is crop4 ,sp9a* 7,new ,zeal&74--,al?\gh call$ sp9a*1 ?is is an entirely diff]5t plant & belongs to ano!r family4 ,x luxuriates dur+ hot wea!r & w supply ! table pl5tifully ) 8gre5s0 ?r\gh\t ! summ]4 ,se$s %\ld be plant$ dur+ ,april or ,may 9 r[s two feet ap>t1 ! plants lat] be+ ?9n$ to "o foot4 ,:5 ! plants atta9 a foot 9 height pick+ may beg91 us+ ! t5d] %oot-tips1 or leaves1 z requir$4 ,! ?9n+s1 ( c\rse1 are also available = cook+4 ,squa%4--,cultivate ! same z cucumb]4 ,! bu% v>ieties %\ld be plant$ f\r feet ap>t ea* way1 & ! v9+ k9ds f six to eight feet4 ,!re are sev]al diff]5t types ( squa%4 ,! summ] k9ds are repres5t$ by ! ,pattypan & ,crookneck types1 & ! w9t] v>ieties by ! ,hubb>d4 ,!y are subject to mu* ! same insect pe/s & diseases z ! cucumb] & muskmelon4 ,sweet ,potatoes are n v well adapt$ = ,nor!rn g>d5s1 al?\gh !y are gr[n to a consid]able ext5t 9 p>ts ( ,new ,j]sey4 ,!y succe$ be/ 9 a ri*1 s&y soil4 ,! 8sets0 are usually plant$ on slightly rais$1 broad ridges ab\t f\r feet ap>t4 ,!y are spac$ f twelve to eighte5 in*es ap>t along ! ridges4 ,! production ( 8sets0 is usually effect$ by plac+ small potatoes 9 a hotb$ & cov]+ !m ) s&4 ,?is causes !m to spr\t1 & :5 ! %oots are six or eight in*es 9 l5g? !y are pull$ (f ) roots atta*$ & plant$ z describ$4 ,yell[ ,j]sey is a good v>iety = ,nor!rn plant+4 ,swiss ,*>d4--,see "u ,*>d4 ,tomato4--,?is plant adapts itself to a great v>iety ( soils1 & w succe$ almo/ any:]e if x receives w>m? & sun%9e4 ,x is seldom wor? :ile = any "o )\t gre5h\se facilities1 unless he wi%es to h ! exp]i5ce1 to raise tomatoes f se$4 ,"y plants c be obta9$ at a l[ co/ at plant+-"t f se$sm5 :o h e conv5i5ce = rais+ !m *eaply4 ,! di/ance ap>t betwe5 ! plants :5 !y are set out 9 ! g>d5 dep5ds on ! me?od ( tra9+ adopt$4 ,! truck f>m]s & m>ket g>d5]s seldom g to ! tr\ble ( /ak+ _! plants4 ,!y are simply set out 9 ! field ?ree or f\r feet ap>t ea* way & all[$ to gr[ naturally4 ,?is results 9 ! spoil+ ( "s ( ! fruit ?r\gh com+ 9 contact ) ! soil4 ,! home g>d5] c usually af=d ! "t & tr\ble requir$ to /ake 8 tomatoes1 & receives 8 rew>d 9 ! %ape ( m fruit ( bett] quality4 ,"o me?od ( tra9+ is to set out ! plants a foot ap>t 9 r[s ?ree feet ap>t4 ,if ?is s*eme is adopt$ ea* plant mu/ be suppli$ ) a /\t /ake to :i* x is ti$1 & ! plant mu/ be re/rict$ to a s+le /em4 ,?is la/ is effect$ by p9*+ out ! side %oots ) ?umb & f+] z soon z !y are =m$4 ,avoid tak+ (f ! fl[]+ %oots or y w h no fruit4 ,ano!r me?od is to set ! plants ?ree feet by two feet1 & support !m z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,x4 ,9 ?is case x is advisable to prune out ! ?91 sp9dly %oots :i* frequ5tly congregate 9 ! c5t]s ( ! plants4 ,?is causes ! vigor ( ! plant to be conc5trat$ 9 ! /rong1 fruit+ %oots1 admits light & air1 result+ 9 bett] rip5$ tomatoes4 ,!y c also be tra9$ on ! s\? side ( ! h\se1 support+ !m ) tape or clo? pass$ ar\nd ! %oots & fa/5$ to ! wall ) tacks4 ,favorite tomatoes are ,*alk's ,e>ly ,jewel = an e>ly crop1 ,/one & ,pond]osa = ma9 crop4 ,9 small g>d5s ,dw>f ,/one c be us$ to advantage4 ,turnip is a h>dy crop well suit$ = e>ly spr+ or late fall cultivation4 ,= ! e>ly crop su* v>ieties z ,sn[ball or ,e>ly ,:ite ,milan %\ld be plant$4 ,! se$ may be s[n z soon z ! gr\nd is prep>$ 9 ! spr+1 9 r[s a foot ap>t4 ,:5 !y are l>ge en\gh ! "y plants mu/ be ?9n$ out to /& ab\t f\r in*es ap>t4 ,yell[ ,globe1 ,gold5 ,ball1 or ! :ite /rap-leaf k9ds may be s[n = fall use4 ,!y are cultivat$ 9 ! same way z ! prec$+ except t ! se$s are s[n 9 ,july or ,augu/4 ,rutabaga turnips gr[ mu* l>g] ?an ! prec$+1 require m room1 & a long] p]iod = developm5t4 ,!y c be s[n 9 ,may or ,june 9 r[s two feet ap>t1 & ! "y plants ?9n$ out to /& ab\t t5 in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,treat$ 9 ?is way1 !y w =m l>ge roots suitable = w9t] /orage4 ,turnips succe$ be/ 9 a loamy soil 9 :i* !re has be5 incorporat$ a lib]al supply ( well-decay$ /able manure4 ,wat]melon4--,^! plants succe$ "u mu* ! same conditions1 & ne$ ! same treatm5t z muskmelon4 ,!y are rampant gr[]s & ! hills %\ld be spac$ ab\t eight feet ap>t ea* way4 ,!y are1 !re=e1 n adapt$ = cultivation 9 v small g>d5s4 ,! /rip$ cucumb]-beetle is also p>tial to wat]melon4 ,= plant+ 9 ,nor!rn g>d5s1 quick-matur+ v>ieties su* z ,cole's ,e>ly & ,=dhook %\ld be plant$4 ,,xiv ,,h>ve/+ ,,& ,,/or+ ,! flavor & t5d]ness ( _m vegetables dep5d 9 a l>ge measure on _! be+ h>ve/$ at ! prop] "t4 ,! pick+ ( /r+-beans %\ld be e>ly1 con/ant1 & me?odical1 p>tly because old beans are /r+y & unpalatable & p>tly because1 if pick+ is neglect$ & ! plants all[$ to =m se$1 production ceases4 ,peas %\ld always be pick$ j z soon z ! pods are well fill$1 be=e ! se$s comm5ce to h>d54 ,_! flavor det]iorates if !y are pick$ m ?an an h\r or two be=e !y are ne$$ = ! table4 ,! same rem>ks apply to sweet corn4 ,!re is an old say+ t 8! pot %\ld be boil+ be=e ! e>s are pick$ f ! plant40 ,great c>e %\ld be tak5 9 h>ve/+ beets4 ,if ! roots are bruis$ or brok51 or if ! leaves are cut (f too close to ! root1 ! color ( ! beets1 "o ( _! greate/ attractions1 w be lo/ 9 cook+4 ,! crispness ( salad plants--cel]y1 lettuce1 radi%1 & onion--is enhanc$ if !y are ga!r$ e>ly 9 ! morn+ & /ood 9 wat] 9 a %ady1 cool place until !y are requir$ = use4 ,su* crops z ,brussells spr\ts1 kale1 cel]y1 & p>snips are consid]$ to be improv$ 9 flavor aft] !y h be5 slightly froz54 ,! fruits ( tomato1 wat]melon1 & muskmelon %\ld be all[$ to rip5 on ! plants4 ,muskmelons are ripe :5 ! fruit p>ts readily f ! /em on be+ lift$ 9 ! h&4 ,prop] h>ve/+ is a prime necessity if vegetables are to be successfully /or$ = w9t] use4 ,bruis$1 brok5 or diseas$ vegetables %\ld always be reject$1 z decay is almo/ c]ta9 to take place :5 !y are /or$1 & ?is is likely to spread to ! s\nd vegetables4 ,a cell> ) an e>!n floor1 well v5tilat$ & fro/-pro(1 9 :i* a temp]ature ( f #dj to #de ,fahr4 c be ma9ta9$1 =ms a spl5did /orage-place = potatoes1 ! majority ( ! root crops1 & "s ( ! leaf vegetables4 ,if !re is a furnace 9 ! cell> :i* raises ! temp]ature too mu*1 ! coolness requir$ may be obta9$ by p>tition+ (f "p ( ! cell>1 pref]ably 9 a corn] conta9+ a w9d[1 s t v5tilation may be secur$4 ,q a numb] ( vegetables c be successfully /or$ 9 ! op5 by bury+ !m 9 pits or tr5*es & cov]+ ) /raw1 salt hay1 & e>?4 ,"s ( ! disadvantages ( ?is me?od are ! inaccessibility ( ! vegetables :5 ! wea!r is sev]e1 & ! difficulty ( look+ !m ov] occasionally s t diseas$ & decay$ specim5s may be remov$4 ,:5 /or+ vegetables 9 ?is way x is important t ! :ole ( ! cov]+ %\ld n be put on at "o "t1 z ?is endang]s ! :ole pile ( vegetables ?r\gh ! possibility ( heat+4 ,root1 ,tub]1 & ,bulb ,crops ,arti*oke 7,j]usalem74--,! tub]s ( ?is plant are unaffect$ by fro/ & may be all[$ to rema9 9 ! gr\nd all w9t]4 ,9 ^? sections :]e ! fro/ p5etrates ! gr\nd deeply a supply suffici5t = use dur+ ! w9t] %\ld be dug 9 ! fall & /or$ 9 s& 9 a cool cell>4 ,p>snip1 ,hors]adi%1 & ,salsify may be treat$ 9 ! same way z ! prec$+4 ,beets %\ld be c>efully dug up aft] ! fir/ fro/ & h&l$ g5tly to avoid break+ or bruis+ !m4 ,cut (f ! leaves ab\t an in* above ! roots & pack !m ) moi/ s& or e>? 9 boxes 9 a cool cell>4 ,cov]+ ! roots 9 ?is way ma9ta9s _! fre%ness & prev5ts %rivel+4 ,c>rots4--,9 ! fall l>ge numb]s ( fibr\s roots are produc$ on ! sides ( ! l>ge tap-root4 ,^! roots spoil ! symmetry ( ! c>rots & impair _! flavor4 ,! crop %\ld !re=e be h>ve/$ be=e ^! fibr\s roots =m4 ,obs]vation ( ! roots is ! only way ( det]m9+ ! prop] "t to dig !m up4 ,9 o!r respects !y are /or$ ! same z beets4 ,potatoes = w9t] use %\ld be dug on a dry day z soon z possible aft] ! tops h di$ d[n4 ,leave !m ly+ on ! surface ( ! gr\nd = a few h\rs1 s t !y may dry prop]ly4 7,x is inadvisable to all[ !m to be expos$ to ! light = too long a p]iod1 z x w cause ! tub]s to become gre5 & unfit = use47 ,!y c !n be ga!r$ up & plac$ 9 boxes or b>rels 9 a cool1 fro/-pro( cell>1 b n expos$ to ! light4 ,all diseas$ or injur$ tub]s %\ld be laid aside = imm$iate use1 provid$ !y are n too f> gone1 9 :i* case !y may be boil$ & f$ to pigs or *ick5s1 or de/roy$ by burn+1 s z to avoid ! possibility ( spread+ disease4 ,potatoes may also be /or$ outdoors 9 sections :]e ! w9t]s are n too sev]e4 ,a high-ly+ s&y piece ( gr\nd %\ld be *os5 on :i* to make ! 8pit40 ,dig out ! soil = a dep? ( ab\t six in*es & l9e ! excavation ) ?ree in*es ( /raw4 ,place ! potatoes 9 a pile on ?is & cov] ) a simil> ?ickness ( /raw or hay4 ,place ov] ?is a lay] ( e>? ?ree in*es ?ick to prev5t ! /raw f bl[+ away4 ,gradually increase ! cov]+ z ! wea!r becomes m sev]e1 until a ?ickness ( a foot or eighte5 in*es is rea*$4 ,a lay] ( manure ov] ?is is advisable 9 v cold climates4 ,if ! pile is a l>ge "o x is important t v5tilation %\ld be provid$ =4 ,?is may be accompli%$ by /ick+ a /ovepipe into ! c5t] ( ! pile & all[+ ! top to project above ! cov]+ ( e>?1 or by all[+ a tuft ( ! /raw t =ms ! fir/ cov]+ to ext5d 9 ! same mann]4 ,?is v5t-hole mu/ be cov]$ ) a bo>d1 a piece ( oilclo?1 or some?+ simil> to prev5t ra9 f ent]+4 ,o!r vegetables t may be /or$ 9 ?is way are beets1 c>rots1 turnips1 salsify1 & p>snips4 ,rutabagas & ,turnips require to be dug up be=e sev]e fro/4 ,!y c be /or$ ! same way z potatoes4 ,sweet ,potatoes are v difficult to /ore ov] ! w9t]4 ,! loss ?r\gh decay 9 /orage is enorm\s e ye>1 ev5 ?\gh prop] facilities are obta9able4 ,!y ne$ a w>m1 dry room & a con/ant temp]ature4 ,! less !y are h&l$ aft] be+ /or$ ! bett]4 ,! be/ advice = ^? :o h rais$ a crop ( ?is vegetable is to avoid loss by eat+ !m z quickly z possible4 ,onions %\ld be prop]ly 8cur$0 be=e !y are /or$4 ,?is is accompli%$ by h>ve/+ !m dur+ dry1 settl$ wea!r1 & all[+ !m to lie 9 w9dr[s two or ?ree days be=e br++ !m indoors4 ,!y %\ld !n be plac$ 9 a cool1 airy room 9 slatt$ crates1 s t air has free access to !m4 ,if wet wea!r is preval5t at h>ve/+-"t !y may be 8cur$0 by plac+ !m 9 a s+le lay] "u cov] until !y are ?or\ghly dry4 ,! dead leaves & loose scales %\ld be pull$ (f be=e /or+ !m4 ,leaf ,crops ,cabbages c be /or$ by digg+ !m up ) "s soil atta*$ to ! roots1 & pack+ !m close toge!r on ! floor ( a cool cell>4 ,treat$ 9 ?is way1 !y are a r 8smelly0 vegetable1 &1 unless ! cell> is tightly %ut (f f ! re/ ( ! h\se1 likely to cause "s unpleasantness4 ,!y c be /or$ outside 9 ! way recomm5d$ = potatoes by plac+ !m head d[nw>d 9 a tr5* or pit4 ,caulifl[]4--,x is possible to pres]ve caulifl[]1 = a %ort "t only1 by digg+ !m ) roots atta*$ & susp5d+ !m head d[nw>d 9 a cool1 moi/ cell>4 ,cel]y c be dug 9 ! fall & pack$ closely 9 boxes 9 an upright position 9 a cool cell>4 ,! m roots & soil adh]+ to ! plants ! bett] ! *ance ( success4 ,:5 ! soil dries out x mu/ be wat]$1 b be v c>eful n to get any wat] on ! leaves or leaf-/alks4 ,ano!r way ( c>+ = cel]y is to dig a tr5* deep en\gh to accommodate ! plants :5 !y are plac$ upright4 ,pack !m z tightly z possible 9 ?is & cov] ) bo>ds to keep out ra94 ,9 sev]e wea!r x w be necess>y to put on an additional cov]+ ( /raw & e>?4 ,p>sley4--,9 sections :]e ! w9t] is n too sev]e p>sley may be kept gre5 ?r\gh ! great] "p ( ! w9t] by cov]+ ! pat* ) a bottomless box1 ) a pane ( glass = cov]+ ! top4 ,! box %\ld be bank$ ) manure or leaves1 & ! glass cov]$ ) /raw 9 v cold wea!r4 ,p>sley c also be dug up1 plac$ 9 plant-pots1 mak+ ! soil firm ab\t ! roots1 & kept 9 a cool1 sunny room4 ,se$ or ,fruit ,crops ,beans4--,dry-%ell beans %\ld be all[$ to /ay on ! plants until ! pods dry up & become yell[4 ,!y may !n be ga!r$1 & %ell$ :5 conv5i5t4 ,if !y are infe/$ ) weevils !y %\ld be dry bak$ 9 a temp]ature ( ab\t #ade ,fahr4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 n to all[ ! temp]ature to rise above ?is figure1 or ! beans w be roa/$ & spoil$4 ,fumigat+ ) c>bon disulphide is also an efficaci\s exp$i5t1 b some:at dang]\s because ( ! explosive prop]ties ( ! fumigant4 ,pumpk9 & ,w9t] ,squa% c be /or$ 9 a w>m1 dry room4 ,x is advisable to turn ov] ! fruits select$ = /or+ two weeks or s be=e !y are h>ve/$1 s t ! side t has be5 ly+ on ! gr\nd may h its r9d h>d5$ by exposure to sun & air4 99 99 99 99 99 ,al?\gh conc]n$ prim>ily ) 8w> g>d5s10 ! me?ods advocat$ c be us$ by all vegetable gr[]s :o practise int5sive cultivation4 ,! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( soil managem5t also apply equally to fl[]-g>d5s4 ,! writ] has f\nd 9 8 exp]i5ce t good crops c be rais$1 on :at w\ld be usually consid]$ poor soil1 by m5 & wom5 :o "k little ( horticultural practices4 ,l>g] crops c\ld h be5 produc$ _h !y kn[n m ( ! art ( gr[+ vegetables4 ,x is to help su* p t ?is book has be5 writt51 f in=mation ga9$ dur+ tw5ty ye>s ( pr(essional exp]i5ce4 ,x is ! e>ne/ hope ( ! au?or t ! crops rais$ by 8w> g>d5]s0 w be ( su* a size z to cause ?is la/ *apt] to be ! "o t is mo/ consult$4 ,,app5dix ,table ,i ,approximate quantities ( vegetables obta9able f a r[ fifty feet long4 ,?is table is bas$ on actual yields obta9$ f a plot ( mod]ate f]tility by us+ /&>d v>ieties ( vegetables4 ,beets #dj bun*es 7#e 9 a bun*7 ,bu% beans 7pods7 #bg qu>ts ,cabbage #be heads ,c>rots #de p\nds ,caulifl[] #be heads ,corn #ajj e>s ,egg-plant #ajj fruits ,lettuce #ej heads ,onions #bj p\nds ,p>snips #dj p\nds ,peas 7pods7 #bj qu>ts ,potatoes #e pecks ,tomatoes #bdj p\nds ,table ,,ii ,approximate numb] ( days f se$-s[+ to fir/ pick+ ( crops4 ,v>iation is caus$ by temp]ature & "* ( v>iety--e>ly1 midseason1 or late4 ,beans 7bu%7 #de to #fe days ,beans 7pole7 #fj 0 #hj 0 ,beets #fj 0 #hj 0 ,cabbage 7e>ly7 #ie 0 #abj 0 ,cabbage 7late7 #ajj 0 #acj 0 ,c>rots #ge 0 #aaj 0 ,caulifl[] #ajj 0 #acj 0 ,cel]y #abe 0 #aej 0 #e;,*>d #fj 0 #hj 0 ,corn 7sweet7 #fj 0 #ajj 0 #e;,cucumb] #fj 0 #hj 0 #e;,egg-plant #abe 0 #afj 0 ,kale #ajj 0 #abj 0 ,kohlrabi #fj 0 #hj 0 ,lettuce #fe 0 #ajj 0 #e,muskmelon #aae 0 #adj 0 #e,okra #ij 0 #ajj 0 #e,onion 7se$7 #acj 0 #aej 0 #e,onion 7sets7 #ij 0 #abj 0 ,if 8sets0 are plant$ = use z bun* onions !y are ready 9 ab\t #dj days4 #e,p>sley #ij to #ajj days ,p>snips #abe 0 #aej 0 ,peas #de 0 #hj 0 #e,pepp]s #abj 0 #aej 0 ,potato 7,iri%7 #hj 0 #adj 0 ,potato 7sweet7 #ajj 0 #acj 0 ,pumpk9 #ajj 0 #acj 0 ,radi% #be 0 #ej 0 ,salsify #abe 0 #aej 0 ,sp9a* #cj 0 #fj 0 #e,sp9a* ,new ,zeal& #fj 0 #gj 0 #e,squa% 7summ]7 #fj 0 #hj 0 ,squa% 7w9t]7 #abe 0 #acj 0 #e,tomato #ajj 0 #abe 0 ,turnip #fj 0 #hj 0 #e ,cont9ue to be> until fro/4 ,table ,,iii ,%[+ ! correct dep? to plant se$s & ! am\nt ( space requir$ by ! plants 9 & betwe5 r[s4 ,dep? to ,di/ance ,di/ance betwe5 plant betwe5 r[s plants 9 ! r[s ,bean 7pole7 #b 94 #c-d ft4 #c-d ft4 if 9 hills1 #i ins4 if 9 r[s4 ,bean 7dw>f7 #b 94 #ae-ah 94 #c-f 94 ,bean 7dw>f ,lima7 #b 94 #b-b ft4 #f-aj 94 ,beet #a 94 #ae-ah 94 #d 94 ,cabbage 7e>ly7 94 #b-c ft4 #a-b ft4 ,cabbage 7late7 94 #c ft4 #b ft4 ,c>rot 94 #ae-ah 94 #d 94 ,cel]y #a_/h 94 #b-e ft4 #d-f 94 ,*>d #a 94 #ae-ah 94 #f-ab 94 ,corn #b 94 #b-c ft4 #b-c ft4 if 9 hills1 #a ft4 if 9 r[s4 ,cucumb] #a 94 #d-e ft4 #ae 94 ,egg-plant 94 #b-c ft4 #b ft4 ,kale 94 #ah-bd 94 #h-aj 94 ,kohlrabi 94 #ae-ah 94 #f 94 ,lettuce 94 #a ft4 #i-ab 94 ,muskmelon #a 94 #f ft4 #ah 94 ,okra #a 94 #c ft4 #b ft4 ,onion 7se$7 #a 94 #a ft4 #d 94 ,onion 7sets7 #b 94 #a ft4 #b 94 ,p>sley 94 #a ft4 #f-i 94 ,p>snip #a 94 #ae-ah 94 #f 94 ,peas 7dw>f7 #b 94 #ah-bd 94 #b 94 ,peas 7tall7 #b 94 #d-f ft4 #c 94 ,pepp]s 94 #b ft4 #ab-ah 94 ,potato #d-f 94 #b-c ft4 #ab-ah 94 ,radi% 94 #i-ab 94 #b 94 ,salsify #a 94 #ae-ah 94 #b 94 ,sp9a* #a 94 #ab-ae 94 #d 94 ,sp9a* ,new ,zeal& #a 94 #b ft4 #a ft4 ,squa% 7bu%7 #a 94 #c-d ft4 #c-d ft4 ,squa% 7v9e7 #a 9 #g-aj ft4 #g-aj ft4 ,swiss ,*>d see ,*>d4 ,tomato 94 #c ft4 #a ft4 if tra9$ to s+le /em1 #b-c feet if all[$ to gr[ naturally4 ,turnip 94 #ae-ah 94 #f 94 ,table ,,iv ,quantity ( se$s requir$ to plant a r[ "o hundr$ feet long1 & "t ( plant+4 ,"t to plant ,quantity requir$ ,bean 7pole7 ,late ,may or e>ly ,june p9t ,bean 7dw>f7 ,may #aj to ,augu/ #a p9t #f;,beet ,april to ,augu/ #b oz4 #f;,cabbage 7e>ly7 ,feb4 indoors2 plants set out #a pkt4 9 ,m>* or ,april ,cabbage late7 ,may2 plants set out 9 ,june or #a pkt4 ,july #f;,c>rot ,april to ,july #a oz4 ,caulifl[] 7e>ly7 ,treat l ,cabbage #a pkt4 ,caulifl[] 7late7 ,treat l ,cabbage #a pkt4 ,cel]y ,m>* indoors2 plants set out #a pkt4 9 ,june or ,july #f;,*>d ,april #a oz4 ,corn ,may #aj to ,july #aj p9t ,cucumb] ,late ,may or e>ly ,june oz4 ,egg-plant ,m>* indoors2 plants set out #a pkt4 e>ly 9 ,june ,kale1 see ,cabbage 7late74 ,kohlrabi ,april to ,augu/ oz4 #f,lettuce ,april to ,augu/ oz4 ,muskmelon ,e>ly ,june oz4 ,okra ,may or ,june #b oz4 ,onion 7se$7 ,april & ,may #a oz4 ,onion 7sets7 ,m>* #ae to ,may #ae #a qu>t #f,p>sley ,april oz4 #f,p>snip ,april oz4 #f,peas ,m>* #ae to ,may & ,augu/ #a #a qu>t to #bj ,pepp]s ,m>* indoors2 plants set out #a pkt4 9 late ,may or e>ly ,june #f,potato ,april to ,june #a peck #f,radi% ,m>* to ,septemb] #a oz4 #f,salsify ,april #a oz4 #f,sp9a* ,m>* & ,septemb] #a oz4 ,squa% ,late ,may or e>ly ,june oz4 #f,swiss ,*>d1 see ,*>d4 ,tomato ,m>* indoors2 plants set out #a pkt4 9 late ,may or e>ly ,june ,turnip ,april1 ,july & ,augu/ oz4 #f ,are h>dy vegetables1 & w /& slight fro/4 ,%\ld be plant$ z soon z ! gr\nd c be work$4 ,dates giv5 are approximate & apply 9 ! vic9ity ( ,new ,york4 ,o!r localities %\ld take into consid]ation ! effects ( elevation & latitude4 ,,! ,,end 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,a few obvi\s punctuation & typesett+ errors h be5 correct$ )\t note4 ,*emicals m5tion$ = insect control %\ld n be us$ 9 mod]n day g>d5s s9ce !y are n consid]$ to be safe4 ,end ( ,w> ,g>d5s by ,montague ,free