,illu/ration3 ,,m$ic9al ,,dynamet] ,,& ,,scale ,,( ,,equival5ts4 ,engrav$ = ! ,second ,am]ican ,edition ( ,p>is's ,ph>macologia4 ,,explanation4 ,?is ,in/rum5t w %ew on b>e inspection1 ! quantity ( active matt] conta9$ 9 any giv5 weight or measure 7accord+ z x is solid or liquid7 ( any ,(fic9al comp\nd1 & ! dose ( any prep>ation :i* w be equival5t 9 /r5g? to any giv5 quantity ( any o!r ( ! same class4 ,! active pr9ciples1 or ,m$ic9al ,bases1 are di/+ui%$ by capital lett]s1 plac$ 9 col\r$ squ>es2 & ea* ,(fic9al ,prep>ation is m>k$ by a l9e correspond+ 9 col\r ) t ( its active +r$i5t4 ,if we require ! quantity ( active matt] 9 any giv5 dose ( an ,(fic9al ,prep>ation1 we h only to br+ su* prep>ation to ! numb] 9 "q & ! figure opposite ! active +r$i5t answ]s ! "q1 :ile ^? opposite to ! o!r comp\nds ( ! same class d5ote ! equival5t quantities4 ,unless o!rwise express$1 ! figures d5ote ,gra9s = ! solids1 & ,m9im = ! liquids4 ,,ph>macologia4 ,,f\r? ,,am]ican1 ,,f ,,! ,,sev5? ,,london ,,edition4 ,,by ,j4 ,a4 ,,p>is1 ,m4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 ,f4,l4,s4 ,,fell[ ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,college ,,( ,,physicians ,,( ,,london1 ,,etc41 ,,etc41 ,,etc4 ,quis ,ph>macopo dabit leges1 ign>us ipse ag5dorum8--,vis pr(ecto dici pote/1 quantum hc ignorantia rei m$ic inf]at detrim5tum4 ,,gaub3 ,,me?od3 ,,conc9n3 ,,=mul4 ,,) ,,notes ,,& ,,additions1 ,,by ,,john ,b4 ,,beck1 ,m4,d4 ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,mat]ia ,,m$ica ,,& ,,m$ical ,,jurisprud5ce ,,9 ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,! ,,/ate ,,( ,,new-,,york1 ,,correspond+ ,,memb] ,,( ,,! ,,m$ical ,,society ,,( ,,london1 ,c41 ,c4 ,,new-,,york3 ,w4 ,e4 ,,dean1 ,,pr9t]4 ,,coll9s ,,& ,,hannay1 ,,coll9s ,,& ,,co41 ,,& ,,:ite1 ,,gallah] ,,& ,,:ite4 #ahca4 ,ent]$ accord+ to ! ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> ,"o ,?\s& ,eight ,hundr$ & ,?irty-"o1 by ,w4 ,e4 ,dean1 9 ! ,cl]k's ,(fice ( ! ,s\!rn ,di/rict ( ,new-,york4 ,,to ,,william ,,george ,,maton1 ,m4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 ,,fell[ ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,college ,,( ,,physicians1 ,,vice-,,presid5t ,,( ,,! ,,l9n,,an ,,society1 c41 c41 c4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir1 ,!re is n an individual 9 ! :ole circle ( ! pr(ession1 to :om ,i c\ld ) great] satisfaction1 or ) s mu* propriety1 d$icate ?is "w1 z to y\rself4 ,ard5t & zeal\s 9 ! advancem5t ( our sci5ce1 y mu/ deeply deplore ! prejudices t ret>d its progress2--em95tly enlight5$ 9 ,natural ,hi/ory1 y c ju/ly appreciate ! importance ( its applications to ,m$ic9e2 :ile y\r well kn[n e>ne/ness 9 uphold+ ! dignity1 & 9 enc\rag+ ! legitimate ex]cise ( our pr(ession1 m>ks y z ! mo/ prop] patron ( a "w1 ! aim ( :i* is to ext+ui% ! false lights ( empiricism1 & to sub/itute a /eady beacon on ! solid & p]man5t basis ( tru? & sci5ce3 at ! same "t1 ! ext5sive practice :i* y\r tal5ts & urbanity s ju/ly comm& 9 ?is metropolis1 mu/ long s9ce h taught y ! full ext5t ( t empiricism :i* x has be5 my endeav\r to expose1 & ! practical mis*ief ( t ignorance :i* x has be5 my object to enlight54 ,nor let me omit to m5tion ! claims ( t fri5d%ip :i* has = _m ye>s subsi/$ betwe5 u2 be assur$ t ,i am gratefully s5sible ( ^? p]sonal obligations :i* s fully ju/ify ?is public av[al ( !m2 confid5tly tru/+ t y w n measure ! gratitude :i* y\r k9dness has inspir$1 by ! m]its ( ! (f]+ by :i* x is ackn[l$g$1 b r by ! tru? & s9c]ity ( ! ,d$ication1 by :i* ,i am enabl$ to express ,my respect = y\r tal5ts2 e/eem = y\r virtues2 & wi%es = y\r happ9ess2 ,,john ,,ayrton ,,p>is4 ,dov]-/reet1 ,april1 #ahbi4 ,,to ,,! ,,/ud5ts ,,( ,,! ,,college ,,( ,,physicians ,,& ,,surgeons ,,9 ,,! ,,city ,,( ,,new-,,york1 ,,! ,,pres5t ,,edition ,,( ,,?is ,,"w ,,is ,,respectfully ,,d$icat$1 ,,by ,,_! ,,fri5d ,,& ,,in/ructor1 ,,! ,,editor4 ,,cont5ts ,,preface4 ,,hi/orical ,,introduction4 ,,ph>macologia4 ,,on ,,! ,,op]ations ,,( ,,m$ic9al ,,bodies1 ,,& ,,on ,,! ,,classifications ,,f\nd$ ,,on ,,!m4 ,,on ,,! ,,!ory ,,& ,,art ,,( ,,prescrib+4 ,a ,,collection ,,( ,,=mul ,,int5d$ ,,to ,,illu/rate ,,! ,,=ego+ ,,precepts1 & to furni% ! inexp]i5c$ ,prescrib] ,,) ,a ,,s]ies ,,( ,,useful ,,& ,,in/ructive ,,lessons4 ,a ,,synopsis ,,( ,,! ,pr9ciples ( ,comb9ation1 ,,z ,,inve/igat$ ,,9 ,,! ,,prec$+ ,,pages1 ,,arrang$ ,,9 ,a ,,tabul> ,,=m ,,s ,,z ,,to ,,af=d ,,! ,,/ud5t ,,an ,,easy ,,ref]5ce ,,to ,,! ,,key ,,lett]s4 ,,( ,,! ,,m$ic9al ,,dynamet]4 ,,ph>macologia4 ,,index4 ,,index ,,to ,,! ,,pat5t ,,m$ic9es1 ,,& ,,no/rums1 ,,describ$ ,,9 ,,?is ,,"w4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,preface4 ,! ,public are already 9 possession ( _m ph>maceutical comp5diums & epitomes ( plausible pret5sions1 compos$ ) ! view ( direct+ ! practice ( ! junior1 & ( reliev+ ! occasional emb>rassm5ts ( ! m exp]i5c$ practition]4 ,no?+ is f>!r f my int5tion ?an to disp>age _! sev]al m]its1 or to "q _! claims to pr(essional utility2 b 9 tru? & ju/ice x mu/ be confess$ t1 z f> z ^! works relate to ! art ( compos+ sci5tific prescriptions1 _! au?ors h n escap$ ! too common error ( suppos+ t ! read] is already gr\nd$ 9 ! fir/ pr9ciples ( ! sci5ce2 or1 to borr[ ! figurative illu/ration ( a popul> writ]1 t :ile !y are 9 ! %ip ( sci5ce1 !y =get ! disciple _c arrive )\t a boat4 ,i am n acqua9t$ ) any book t is calculat$ to furni% su* assi/ance1 or :i* pr(esses to tea* ! ,,gramm>1 & gr\nd-"w ( ?is important bran* ( m$ical k4 ,num]\s are ! works :i* pres5t u ) ! detail1 b no "o ) ! philosophy ( ! subject4 ,we h copi\s catalogues ( =mal recipes1 & _m ( unexceptionable propriety1 b ! compil]s d n v5ture to discuss ! pr9ciples ^u :i* !y 7 con/ruct$1 nor d !y expla9 ! "p :i* ea* +r$i5t is suppos$ to p]=m 9 ! g5]al s*eme ( ! =mula2 !y _c !re=e lead to any useful g5]alization1 & ! "y practition]1 )\t a beacon t c direct 8 c\rse 9 safety1 is ab&on$ to ! alt]native ( two great evils--a feeble & s]vile r\t9e1 on "o h&1 or a wild & lawless empiricism1 on ! o!r4 ,! pres5t volume is an attempt to supply ?is defici5cy3 & :ile ,i am anxi\s to #8cat* ! ideas :i* lead f ignorance to k1' x is n )\t hope t ,i may also be able to sugge/ ! means by :i* our already acquir$ k may be m widely & usefully ext5d$2 &1 by (f]+ a collective & arrang$ view ( ! objects & res\rces ( m$ic9al comb9ation1 to e/abli% its practice ^u ! basis ( sci5ce1 & !reby to r5d] its future c>e] ( improvem5t progressive ) t ( ! o!r bran*es ( m$ic9e2 or1 to foll[ up ! figurative illu/ration already introduc$1 to furni% a boat1 :i* may n only convey ! disciple to ! %ip1 b :i* may also assi/ 9 pilot+ ! %ip h]self f h] %all[ & trea*]\s moor+s4 ,t ! design h[ev] ( ! pres5t "w may n be mi/ak51 x is ess5tial to rem>k t x is elem5t>y only 9 ref]5ce to ! art ( prescrib+1 = x is presum$ t ! /ud5t is already acqua9t$ ) ! common manipulations ( ph>macy1 & ) ! fir/ pr9ciples ( *emi/ry4 ,:5 any allusions are made to ! processes ( ! ,ph>macopia1 !y are to be und]/ood z be+ only supplem5t>y1 or z explanatory ( _! nature1 9 ref]5ce to ! application or m$ic9al p[]s ( ! sub/ance 9 "q4 ,! t]m ,,ph>macologia1 z appli$ to ! pres5t "w1 may !re=e be consid]$ z contradi/9ctive to t ( ,,ph>macop,,ia2 = :ile ! latt] d5otes ! processes = prep>+1 ! =m] compreh5ds ! sci5tific me?ods ( adm9i/]+ m$ic9al bodies1 & expla9s ! objects & !ory ( _! op]ation4 ,! articles ( ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica h be5 arrang$ 9 alphabetical ord]1 n only z be+ t be/ calculat$ = ref]5ce1 b "o :i*1 9 an elem5t>y "w at lea/1 is less likely to mislead1 ?an any arrangem5t f\nd$ on _! m$ic9al p[]s2 = 9 consequ5ce ( ! difficulty ( discrim9at+ 9 e case betwe5 ! prim>y & second>y effects ( a m$ic9e1 sub/ances v dissimil> 9 _! nature1 h be5 enli/$ into ! same artificial gr\p1 & :5 sev]al ( su* bodies h1 f a reliance ^u _! unity ( action1 be5 associat$ toge!r 9 a m$ic9al mixture1 x has (t5 happ5$ t1 l ! arm$ m5 ( ,cadmus1 !y h oppos$ & de/roy$ ea* o!r4 ,! object & application ( ! black m>g9al lett]s1 to :i* ! "n ( ,key ,lett]s has be5 giv51 are fully expla9$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p ( ! "w1 & x is hop$1 t ! s*eme possesses a m sub/antial claim to notice ?an t ( m]e novelty3 x w be p]ceiv$ t 9 ! enum]ation ( ! (fic9al =mul ^! lett]s are also occasionally introduc$1 to express ! mann] 9 :i* ! p>ticul> sub/ance1 "u ! head ( :i* x /&s1 op]ates 9 ! comb9ation4 ,if any apology be necess>y = ! introduction ( ! m$ic9al =mul1 x may be (f]$ 9 ! words ( ,qu9tillian1 :o v ju/ly obs]ves1 8,9 omnibus f]e m9us val5t prcepta quam exempla20 or 9 ! language ( ,s5eca2 8,longum e/ it] p] prcepta1 breve et efficax p] exempla40 ,"u ! hi/ory ( ea* article1 ,i h endeav\r$ to conc5trate all t is requir$ to be kn[n = its efficaci\s adm9i/ration1 su* z1 #a4 ,its s5sible qualities4 #b4 ,its *emical composition1 or ! con/itu5ts 9 :i* its m$ic9al activity resides4 #c4 ,its relative solubility 9 diff]5t m5/rua1 & ! proportions 9 :i* x %\ld be mix$1 or comb9$ ) diff]5t bodies1 9 ord] to produce susp5sion1 or saturation4 #d4 ,! ,incompatible ,sub/ances2 t is to say1 ^? sub/ances :i* are capable ( de/roy+ its prop]ties1 or ( r5d]+ its flav\r or aspect unpleasant or disgu/+4 #e4 ,! mo/ eligible =ms 9 :i* x c be exhibit$4 #f4 ,its specific doses4 #g4 ,its ,m$ic9al ,uses1 & ,effects4 #h4 ,its ,prep>ations1 ,(fic9al z well z ,extemporane\s4 #i4 ,its ,adult]ations4 ,t su* in=mation is indisp5sible = ! elegant & successful exhibition ( a rem$y1 mu/ be suffici5tly app>5t2 ! injuri\s *anges & modifications :i* sub/ances und]go :5 !y are improp]ly comb9$ by ! ignorant practition]1 are n z "s h suppos$ imag9>y1 ! m]e deliram5ta doctr91 or ! :imsical sugge/ions ( !oretical ref9em5t1 b !y are really su* z to r5d] _! p[]s unavail+1 or to imp>t a dang]\s viol5ce to _! op]ation4 8,unda dabit flammas et dabit ignis aquas40 ,9 ! hi/ory ( ! diff]5t m$ic9al prep>ations1 ! ph>macopia ( ! ,london ,college is ! /&>d to :i* ,i h always ref]r$1 al?\gh x w be p]ceiv$ t ,i h frequ5tly avail$ myself ( ! res\rces ) :i* ! ph>macopias ( ,ed9burgh & ,dubl9 ab\nd4 ,to a k ( ! num]\s adult]ations to :i* ea* article is s %amefully expos$1 too mu* importance c be sc>cely atta*$2 & "u ?is palpable s\rce ( m$ic9al fallacy & failure1 may be fairly includ$ ^? secret & illegitimate deviations f ! ackn[l$g$ modes ( prep>ation1 z laid d[n 9 ! ph>macopia1 :e!r practis$ z exp$i5ts to obta9 a lucrative notoriety1 or f a conceit ( _! be+ improvem5ts ^u ! ord9>y processes2 = in/ance1 we h lately he>d ( a :olesale *emi/ :o pr(esses to supply a syrup ( roses ( v sup]ior beauty1 & :o1 = ?is purpose1 sub/itutes ! petals ( ! r$ 7rosa gallica7 = ^? ( ! damask rose 7rosa c5tifolia72 we ne$ n be told1 t a prep>ation ( a m exquisite col\r may be ?us af=d$1 b all[ me to ask if ?is und]h&$ sub/itution be n a manife/ act ( inju/ice to ! m$ical practition]1 :o1 in/ead ( a laxative syrup1 receives "o :i* is m>k$ by ! opposite "* ( a/r+5cy4 ,^! obs]vations w n apply1 ( c\rse1 to ^? articles :i* are av[$ly prep>$ by a new process2 = 9 t case ! practition] is enabl$ to make 8 election1 & ei!r to adopt or refuse !m at 8 discretion4 ,?us has ,mr4 ,b>ry appli$ 8 +5i\s pat5t app>atus = boil+ 9 vacuo1 to ! purpose ( mak+ ,extracts2 we might almo/ say a priori1 t ! results mu/ be m active ?an ^? obta9$ 9 ! ord9>y way1 b !y mu/ pass ! ordeal ( exp]i5ce be=e !y c be admitt$ into practice4 ,z a brief notice ( ! mo/ notori\s ,quack ,m$ic9es may be acceptable1 ! =mul = _! prep>ation h be5 app5d$ 9 notes1 ea* be+ plac$ at ! foot ( ! p>ticul> article :i* con/itutes its prom95t +r$i5t2 inde$ x is ess5tial t ! practition] %\ld be acqua9t$ ) _! composition1 = al?\gh he w\ld refuse to sup]9t5d ! op]ation ( a boa/$ panacea1 x is b too probable t he may be call$ ^u to c\nt]act its baleful influ5ce4 ,! ,hi/orical ,introduction1 compreh5d+ ! sub/ance ( ! lectures deliv]$ be=e ! ,royal ,college ( ,physicians ( ,london1 f ! rec5tly e/abli%$ *air ( ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 has be5 prefix$ to ! "w1 at ! desire ( sev]al ( ! auditors2 & ,i confess my read9ess to comply ) ?is reque/1 z x enabl$ me at once to obviate any misconception or unju/ repres5tation ( ^? rem>ks :i* ,i felt x my b\nd5 duty to (f] to ! ,college4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! "w itself is divid$ into two sep>ate & v di/9ct p>ts1 ! ,fir/ compreh5d+ ! pr9ciples ( ! art ( comb9ation1--! ,second1 ! m$ic9al hi/ory1 & *emical habitudes ( ! bodies :i* are ! subjects ( su* comb9ation4 ,^! comprise e legitimate s\rce ( in/ruction1 & to ! "y & indu/ri\s /ud5t1 !y are at once ! ,,loom & ! ,,raw ,,mat]ial4 ,let him !re=e ab&on ^? flimsy & ill-adapt$ textures1 t are kept ready fabricat$ = ! s]vice ( ignorance & indol5ce1 & by actuat+ ! ma*9]y himself1 weave ! mat]ials ) :i* he is "h pres5t$ into ! =ms & objects t may be/ fulfil 8 int5tions1 & meet ! v>i\s exig5cies ( ea* p>ticul> occasion4 ,j4 ,a4 ,p4 ,dov]-/reet1 ,janu>y1 #ahbj4 ,,hi/orical ,,introduction4 ,,compreh5d+ ,,! ,,sub/ance ,,( ,,sev]al ,,lectures ,,deliv]$ ,,by ,,! ,,au?or ,,be=e ,,! ,,royal ,,college ,,( ,,physicians1 ,,f ,,! ,,*air ,,( ,,mat]ia ,,m$ica1 ,9 ! ,ye>s #ahai-bj & #ba4 8,x has be5 v ju/ly obs]v$ t !re is a c]ta9 maturity ( ! human m9d acquir$ f g5]ation to g5]ation1 9 ! ,,mass1 z !re is 9 ! diff]5t /ages ( life 9 ! ,,individual man2--,:at is hi/ory :5 ?us philosophically /udi$1 b ! fai?ful record ( ?is progress8 po9t+ out = our in/ruction ! v>i\s causes :i* h ret>d$ or accel]at$ x 9 diff]5t ages & c\ntries40 ,hi/orical ,introduction1 p4 #d4 ,,hi/orical ,,introduction4 ,,an ,,analytical ,,inquiry ,,into ,,! ,,m ,,rem>kable ,,causes ,,:i* ,,h1 ,,9 ,,diff]5t ,,ages ,,& ,,c\ntries1 ,,op]at$ ,,9 ,,produc+ ,,! ,,revolutions ,,t ,,*>act]ise ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,m$ic9al ,,sub/ances4 8,hi/oria quoquo modo scripta delectat40 ,be=e ,i proce$ to discuss ! p>ticul> views :i* ,i am prep>$ to submit to ! ,college1 on ! important b obscure subject ( m$ic9al comb9ation1 ,i propose to take a sweep+ & rapid sket* ( ! diff]5t moral & physical causes :i* h op]at$ 9 produc+ ! extraord9>y vicissitudes1 s em95tly *>act]i/ic ( ! hi/ory ( ,mat]ia ,m$ica4 ,su* an introduction is naturally sugge/$ by ! fir/ glance at ! ext5sive & motly assemblage ( sub/ances ) :i* our cab9ets#a are ov]:elm$4 ,x is impossible to ca/ our eyes ov] su* multipli$ gr\ps1 )\t be+ =cibly /ruck ) ! palpable absurdity ( "s--! total want ( activity 9 _m--& ! unc]ta9 & prec>i\s reputation ( all--or1 )\t feel+ an eag] curiosity to enquire1 f ! comb9ation ( :at causes x c h happ5$1 t sub/ances1 at "o p]iod 9 ! highe/ e/eem1 & ( g5]ally ackn[l$g$ utility1 h fall5 into total neglect & disrepute2--:y o!rs1 ( humble pret5sions & little significance1 h ma9ta9$ _! gr\nd = s _m c5turies2 & on :at acc\nt1 mat]ials ( no en]gy :atev]1 h receiv$ ! indisputable sanction & unqualifi$ support ( ! be/ & wise/ practition]s ( ! age4 ,t su* fluctuations 9 op9ion & v]satility 9 practice %\ld h produc$1 ev5 9 ! mo/ c&id & le>n$ obs]v]s1 an unfav\rable impression ) reg>d to ! g5]al efficacy ( m$ic9es1 c h>dly excite our a/oni%m5t1 mu* less our indignation2 nor c we be surpris$ to f9d1 t ano!r portion ( mank9d has at once arraign$ ,physic z a fallaci\s art1 or d]id$ x z a composition ( error & fraud4#b ,!y ask--& x mu/ be confess$ t !y ask ) reason--:at pl$ge c be af=d$ !m1 t ! boa/$ rem$ies ( ! pres5t day w n1 l _! pr$ecessors1 fall into disrepute1 & 9 _! turn s]ve only z humiliat+ memorials ( ! cr$ulity & infatuation ( ! physicians :o comm5d$ & prescrib$ !m8 ,!re is surely no "q connect$ ) our subject :i* c be m int]e/+ & important1 no "o :i* requires a m cool & dispassionate inquiry1 & c]ta9ly n any :i* c be m appropriate = a lecture1 introductory to ! hi/ory ( ,mat]ia ,m$ica4 ,i %all !re=e proce$ to exam9e ) "s att5tion ! revolutions :i* h ?us tak5 place 9 ! op9ions & belief ( mank9d1 ) reg>d to ! efficacy & p[]s ( diff]5t m$ic9al ag5ts2 su* an inquiry1 by ref]r+ !m to causes capable ( a philosophical inve/igation1 is calculat$ to remove _m ( ! unju/ prejudices :i* h be5 excit$1 to quiet ! d\bts & al>ms :i* h be5 s indu/ri\sly propagat$1 &1 at ! same "t1 to obviate ! recurr5ce ( sev]al s\rces ( error & disappo9tm5t4 ,?is moral view ( ev5ts1 )\t any reg>d to *ronological m9uti1 may be d5om9at$ ! ,,philosophy ,,( ,,hi/ory1 & %\ld be c>efully di/+ui%$ f t te*nical & b>r5 erudition1 :i* consi/s 9 a m]e k ( names & dates1 & :i* is p]us$ by ! m$ical /ud5t ) z mu* apa?y1 & z little pr(it1 z ! monk c\nts 8 bead-roll4 ,x has be5 v ju/ly obs]v$1 t !re is a c]ta9 maturity ( ! human m9d1 acquir$ f g5]ation to g5]ation1 9 ! mass1 z !re is 9 ! diff]5t /ages ( life1 9 ! individual man2 :at is hi/ory1 :5 ?us philosophically /udi$1 b ! fai?ful record ( ?is progress8 po9t+ out = our in/ruction ! v>i\s causes :i* h ret>d$ or accel]at$ x 9 diff]5t ages & c\ntries4 ,9 trac+ ! hi/ory ( ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica to its e>lie/ p]iods1 we %all f9d t its progress t[>ds its pres5t advanc$ /ate1 has be5 v sl[ & unequal1 v unlike ! /eady & successive improvem5t :i* has att5d$ o!r bran*es ( natural k2 we %all p]ceive ev5 t its advancem5t has be5 cont9ually arre/$1 & (t5 entirely subv]t$1 by ! caprices1 prejudices1 sup]/itions1 & knav]y ( mank9d2 unlike too ! o!r bran*es ( sci5ce1 x is incapable ( successful g5]alization2 9 ! progress ( ! hi/ory ( rem$ies1 :5 are we able to produce a discov]y or improvem5t1 :i* has be5 ! result ( t happy comb9ation ( ,obs]vation1 ,analogy1 & ,exp]im5t1#c :i* has s em95tly rew>d$ ! lab\rs ( mod]n sci5ce8 ,?us1 ,,obs]vation l$ ,newton to discov] t ! refractive p[] ( transp>5t sub/ances 01 9 g5]al1 9 ! ratio ( _! d5sity1 b t1 ( sub/ances ( equal d5sity1 ^? :i* possess$ ! refractive p[] 9 a high] degree 7 inflammable4#d ,,analogy induc$ him to conclude t1 on ?is acc\nt1 wat] mu/ conta9 an inflammable pr9ciple1 & ,,exp]im5t enabl$ ,cav5di% & ,lavoisi] to demon/rate ! surpris+ tru? ( ,newton's induction1 9 _! immortal discov]y ( ! *emical composition ( t fluid4 ,! hi/ory ( ,a/ronomy furni%es ano!r illu/ration equally beautiful & in/ructive1--,! ,a/ronom] obs]v$ c]ta9 oscillations 9 ! motions ( ,saturn & ,jupit]2 by ,analogy he conjectur$ t ?is ph5om5on 0 produc$ by ! influ5ce ( a planet /ill m remote3 a supposition :i* 0 happily confirm$ by a telescopic exp]im5t1 9 ! discov]y ( ,uranus1 by ,h]s*el4 ,b x is cle> t su* pr9ciples ( rese>*1 & comb9ation ( me?ods1 c r>ely be appli$ 9 ! inve/igation ( rem$ies1 = e problem :i* involves ! ph5om5a ( life is unavoidably emb>rass$ by circum/ances1 s complicat$ 9 _! nature1 & fluctuat+ 9 _! op]ation1 z to set at defiance e attempt to appreciate _! influ5ce2 ?us an obs]vation or exp]im5t ^u ! effects ( a m$ic9e is liable to a ?\s& fallacies1 unless x be c>efully repeat$ "u ! v>i\s circum/ances ( heal? & disease1 9 diff]5t climates1 & on diff]5t con/itutions4 ,we all "k h[ v diff]5tly opium1 or m]cury1 w act ^u diff]5t individuals1 or ev5 ^u ! same individual1 at diff]5t times1 or "u diff]5t circum/ances2 ! effect ( a /imulant ^u ! liv+ body is n 9 ! ratio ( ! int5sity ( its impulse1 b 9 proportion to ! degree ( excitem5t1 or vital susceptibility ( ! individual1 to :om x is appli$4 ,?is is illu/rat$ 9 a cle> & famili> mann]1 by ! v diff]5t s5sations ( heat :i* ! same temp]ature w produce "u diff]5t circum/ances4 ,9 ! road ov] ! ,&es1 at ab\t half way betwe5 ! foot & ! summit1 !re is a cottage 9 :i* ! asc5d+ & desc5d+ travell]s meet2 ! =m]1 :o h j quitt$ ! sultry vallies at ! base1 are s relax$1 t ! sudd5 dim9ution ( temp]ature produces 9 !m ! feel+ ( int5se cold1 :il/ ! latt]1 :o h left ! froz5 summits ( ! m\nta91 are ov]come by ! di/ress+ s5sation ( extreme heat4 ,b we ne$ n climb ! ,&es = an illu/ration2 if we plunge "o h& into a bas9 ( hot1 & ! o!r into "o ( cold wat]1 & !n mix ! cont5ts ( ea* vessel1 & replace bo? h&s 9 ! mixture1 we %all exp]i5ce ! s5sation ( heat & cold1 f "o & ! same m$ium2 ! h&1 t _h be5 previ\sly 9 ! hot1 w feel cold1 :il/ t :i* _h be5 imm]s$ 9 ! cold wat]1 w exp]i5ce a s5sation ( heat4 ,^u ! same pr9ciple1 ard5t spirits w produce v opposite effects ^u diff]5t con/itutions & temp]am5ts1 & we are ?us enabl$ to reconcile ! conflict+ te/imonies respect+ ! p[]s ( opium 9 ! cure ( fev]3 alim5ts1 also1 :i* "u ord9>y circum/ances w\ld occasion b little effect1 may 9 c]ta9 conditions ( ! sy/em1 act z p[]ful /imulants2 a fact :i* is well exemplifi$ by ! hi/ory ( p]sons :o h be5 enclos$ 9 coal m9es = sev]al days )\t food1 f ! accid5tal fall+ 9 ( ! surr\nd+ /rata1 :5 !y h be5 z mu* intoxicat$ by a bas9 ( bro?1 z a p]son1 9 common circum/ances1 w\ld h be5 by two or m bottles ( w9e4#e ,_m in/ances w sugge/ !mselves to ! practition] 9 f>!r illu/ration ( ^! views1 & ,i %all h occasion to recur to ! subject at a future p]iod4 ,to su* causes we mu/ attribute ! b>r5 lab\rs ( ! anci5t empirics1 :o saw )\t disc]n+1 adm9i/]$ )\t discrim9at+1 & conclud$ )\t reason+2 nor %\ld we be surpris$ at ! v imp]fect /ate ( ! mat]ia m$ica1 z f> z x dep5ds ^u :at is commonly call$ exp]i5ce1 complicat$ z ?is subject is by its numb]less relations ) ,physiology1 ,pa?ology1 & ,*emi/ry4 ,john ,ray attempt$ to enum]ate ! virtues ( plants f exp]i5ce1 & ! sy/em s]ves only to commemorate 8 failure4 ,vogel likewise pr(ess$ to assign to sub/ances1 ^? p[]s :i* _h be5 le>nt f accumulat$ exp]i5ce2 & he speaks ( roa/$ toad#f z a specific = ! pa9s ( g\t1 & ass]ts t a p]son may secure himself = ! :ole ye> f ang9a by eat+ a roa/$ swall[6 ,su* mu/ ev] be ! case1 :5 m$ic9es d]ive _! orig9 f false exp]i5ce1 & _! reputation f bl9d cr$ulity4 ,,analogy has und\bt$ly be5 a p[]ful in/rum5t 9 ! improvem5t1 ext5sion1 & correction ( ! mat]ia m$ica1 b x has be5 *iefly conf9$ to mod]n times2 = 9 ! e>li] ages1 ,*emi/ry _h n s f> unfold$ ! composition ( bodies1 z to furni% any j idea ( _! relations to ea* o!r1 nor _h ! sci5ce ( ,botany taught u ! value & importance ( ! natural aff9ities :i* exi/ 9 ! vegetable k+dom4 ,) respect to ! fallacies to :i* su* analogies are expos$1 ,i %all h]eaft] speak at "s l5g?1 & exam9e ! pret5sions ( ^? ultra *emi/s ( ! pres5t day :o h ^u e occasion arraign$1 at _! self-con/itut$ tribunal1 ! propriety ( our m$ic9al comb9ations1 & ! validity ( our national ph>macopias4 ,9 addition to ! ob/acles already enum]at$1 ! progress ( our k respect+ ! virtues ( m$ic9es has met ) o!rs ( a moral "*1 :i* h depriv$ u 9 a great degree ( ano!r obvi\s me?od ( rese>*1 & r5d]$ our dep5dance ^u te/imony unc]ta91 & (t5 entirely fallaci\s4 ,! human und]/&+1 z ,"l ,bacon ju/ly rem>ks1 is n a m]e faculty ( appreh5sion1 b is affect$1 m or less1 by ! w & ! passions2 :at man wi%es to be true1 t he too easily believes to be s1 & ,i conceive t physic has1 ( all ! sci5ces1 ! lea/ pret5sions to proclaim itself indep5d5t ( ! empire ( ! passions4 ,9 our rese>*es to discov] & fix ! p]iod :5 rem$ies 7 fir/ appli$ = ! alleviation ( bodily suff]+1 we are soon lo/ 9 conjecture1 or involv$ 9 fable2 we are unable to rea* ! p]iod 9 any c\ntry1 :5 ! inhabitants 7 de/itute ( m$ical res\rces1 & we f9d among ! mo/ uncultivat$ tribes1 t m$ic9e is *]i%$ z a bless+ & practis$ z an art1 z by ! inhabitants ( ,new ,holl& & ,new ,zeal&1 by ^? ( ,lapl& & ,gre5l&1 ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 & ( ! int]ior ( ,africa4 ,! p]sonal feel+s ( ! suff]]1 & ! anxiety ( ^? ab\t him1 mu/1 9 ! rude/ /ate ( society1 h incit$ a _s ( indu/ry & rese>* to procure alleviation1 ! modification ( heat & cold1 ( moi/ure & dryness1 & ! regulation & *ange ( diet & habit1 mu/ h intuitively sugge/$ !mselves = ! relief ( pa92#g & :5 ^! res\rces fail$1 *>ms1 amulets1 & incantations1#h 7 ! natural exp$i5ts ( ! b>b>ian1 ev] m incl9$ to indulge ! delusive hope ( sup]/ition1 ?an to li/5 to ! voice ( sob] reason4 ,traces ( amulets may be discov]$ 9 v e>ly hi/ory4 ,! le>n$ ,dr4 ,w>burton is evid5tly mi/ak51 :5 he assigns ! orig9 ( ^! magical in/rum5ts to ! age ( ! ,ptolemies1 :i* 0 n m ?an #cjj ye>s be=e ,*ri/2 ?is is at once refut$ by ! te/imony ( ,gal51 :o tells u t ! ,egyptian k+1 ,ne*epsus1 :o liv$ #fcj ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 _h writt51 t a gre5 jasp] cut into ! =m ( a dragon surr\nd$ ) rays1 if appli$ ext]nally1 w\ld /r5g!n ! /oma* & organs ( dige/ion4#i ,we h moreov] ! au?ority ( ! ,scriptures 9 support ( ?is op9ion2 = :at 7 ! e>-r+s :i* ,jacob buri$ "u ! oak ( ,se*em1 z relat$ 9 ,g5esis1 b amulets8 & we are in=m$ by ,josephus1 9 8 ,antiquities ( ! ,jews1#aj t ,solomon discov]$ a plant efficaci\s 9 ! cure ( ,epilepsy1 & t he employ$ ! aid ( a *>m or spell = ! purpose ( assi/+ its virtues2 ! root ( ! h]b 0 conceal$ 9 a r+1 :i* 0 appli$ to ! no/rils ( ! ,demoniac1 & ,josephus rem>ks t he himself saw a ,jewi% ,prie/ practise ! art ( ,solomon ) complete success 9 ! pres5ce ( ,vespasian1 8 sons1 & ! tribunes ( ! ,roman army4#aa ,nor 7 su* means conf9$ to d>k & b>b>\s ages2 ,!ophra/us pron\nc$ ,p]icles to be insane1 because he discov]$ t he wore an amulet ab\t 8 neck2 &1 9 ! decl9+ ra ( ! ,roman empire1 we f9d t ?is sup]/iti\s cu/om 0 s g5]al1 t ! ,emp]or ,c>acalla 0 induc$ to make a public edict orda9+ t no man %\ld we> any sup]/iti\s amulets ab\t 8 p]son4 ,9 ! progress ( civilization1 v>i\s =tuit\s incid5ts1#ab & ev5 errors 9 ! *oice & prep>ation ( alim5ts1 mu/ h gradually unfold$ ! rem$ial p[]s ( _m natural sub/ances2 ^! 7 record$1 & ! au!ntic hi/ory ( m$ic9e may date its comm5cem5t f ! p]iod :5 su* records began4 ,! ,*aldeans & ,babylonians1 we are told by ,h]odotus1 c>ri$ _! sick to ! public roads & m>kets1 t travell]s might conv]se ) !m1 & communicate any rem$ies :i* _h be5 successfully us$ 9 simil> cases2 ?is cu/om cont9u$ dur+ _m ages 9 ,assyria2 & ,/rabo /ates t x prevail$ also among/ ! anci5t ,lusitanians1 or ,portuguese3 9 ?is mann]1 h[ev]1 ! results ( exp]i5ce desc5d$ only by oral tradition2 x 0 9 ! temple ( ,esculapius 9 ,greece t m$ical in=mation 0 fir/ record$2 diseases & cures 7 !re regi/]$ on durable tablets ( m>ble2 ! prie/s#ac & prie/esses1 :o 7 ! gu>dians ( ! temple1 prep>$ ! rem$ies & direct$ _! application1 & ?us comm5c$ ! pr(ession ( ,physic4 ,) respect to ! actual nature ( ^! rem$ies1 x is useless to inquire2 ! lapse ( ages1 loss ( records1 *ange ( language1 & ambiguity ( description1 h r5d]$ e le>n$ rese>* unsatisfactory2 inde$ we are 9 d\bt ) reg>d to _m ( ! m$ic9es :i* ev5 ,hippocrates employ$4 ,x is h[ev] cle>ly %ewn by ! e>lie/ records1 t ! anci5ts 7 9 ! possession ( _m p[]ful rem$ies2 ?us ,melampus ( ,argos1 ! mo/ anci5t ,greek physician ) :om we are acqua9t$1 is said to h cur$ "o ( ! ,argonauts ( /]ility1 by adm9i/]+ ! ru/ ( iron 9 w9e = t5 days2 & ! same physician us$ hellebore z a purge1 on ! daught]s ( k+ ,prtus1 :o 7 afflict$ ) melan*oly4 ,v5esection 0 also a rem$y ( v e>ly orig92 = ,podalirius1 on 8 return f ! ,trojan w>1 cur$ ! daught] ( ,dame?us1 :o _h fall5 f a height1 by ble$+ h] 9 bo? arms4 ,opium1 or a prep>ation ( ! poppy1 0 c]ta9ly kn[n 9 ! e>lie/ ages2 x 0 probably opium t ,hel5 mix$ ) w9e1 & gave to ! gue/s ( ,m5elaus1 "u ! expressive "n ( nep5!1#ad to drive away _! c>es1 & increase _! hil>ity2 & ?is conjecture receives mu* support f ! fact1 t ! nep5! ( ,hom] 0 obta9$ f ! ,egyptian ,!bes2#ae & if we may cr$it ! op9ion ( ,dr4 ,d>w91 ! ,cuman ,sibyll nev] sat on ! port5d+ tripod )\t fir/ swall[+ a few drops ( ! juice ( ! ,*]ry-laurel4#af 8,at ,phbi nondum pati5s1 immanis 9 antro ,bac*atur ,vates1 magnum si pectore possit ,excussisse deum3 tanto magis ille fatigat ,os rabidum1 f]a corda domans1 f+itque prem5do40 ,,neid1 l4 vi4 #gh4 ,!re is reason to believe t ! ,pagan prie/hood 7 "u ! influ5ce ( "s p[]ful n>cotic dur+ ! display ( _! oracul> p[]s1 b ! effects produc$ w\ld seem to resemble r ^? ( ,opium1 or p]haps ( ,/ramonium1 ?an ( ! ,prussic acid4 ,mon>des tells u t ! prie/s ( ! ,am]ican ,indians1 :5ev] !y 7 consult$ by ! *ief g5tlem51 or casiques z !y are call$1 took c]ta9 leaves ( ! ,tobacco1 & ca/ !m into ! fire1 & !n receiv$ ! smoke1 :i* !y ?us produc$1 9 _! m\?s1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* !y fell d[n ^u ! gr\nd2 & t aft] hav+ rema9$ = "s "t 9 a /upor1 !y recov]$1 & deliv]$ ! answ]s :i* !y pret5d$ to h receiv$1 dur+ _! suppos$ int]c\rse ) ! _w ( spirits4 ,! s$ative p[]s ( ! ,lactuca ,sativa1 or ,lettuce1#ag 7 kn[n also 9 ! e>lie/ times2 among ! fables ( antiquity1 we read t aft] ! dea? ( ,adonis1 ,v5us ?rew h]self on a b$ ( lettuces1 to lull h] grief1 & repress h] desires4 ,! sea onion or ,squill1 0 adm9i/]$ 9 cases ( dropsy by ! ,egyptians1 "u ! my/ic title ( ! ,eye ( ,typhon4 ,! practices ( incision & sc>ification 7 employ$ 9 ! camp ( ! ,greeks be=e ,troy1 & ! application ( _s to w\nds 0 also und]/ood1 = we f9d ! exp]i5c$ ,ne/or apply+ a cataplasm1 compos$ ( *eese1 onion1 & meal1 mix$ up ) ! w9e ( ,pramnos1 to ! w\nds ( ,ma*aon4#ah ,! revolutions & vicissitudes :i* rem$ies h und]gone1 9 m$ical z well z popul> op9ion1 f ! ignorance ( "s ages1 ! le>n+ ( o!rs1 ! sup]/itions ( ! weak1 & ! designs ( ! crafty1 af=d ample subject = philosophical reflection2 "s ( ^! revolutions ,i %all proce$ to inve/igate1 class+ !m "u ! prom95t causes :i* h produc$ !m1 viz4 ,sup]/ition--,cr$ulity--,scepticism--,fa lse ,!ory--,devotion to ,au?ority1 & ,e/abli%$ ,r\t9e--,! assign+ to ,art t :i* 0 ! effect ( unassi/$ ,nature--,! assign+ to peculi> sub/ances ,prop]ties1 d$uc$ f ,exp]im5ts made on inf]ior ,animals--,ambiguity ( ,nom5clature--,! progress ( ,botanical ,sci5ce--,! application1 & misapplication ( ,*emical ,philosophy--,! ,influ5ce ( ,climate & ,season on ,diseases1 z well z on ! prop]ties1 & op]ations ( _! ,rem$ies--,! ignorant ,prep>ation1 or fraudul5t ,adult]ation ( ,m$ic9es--,! unseasonable collection ( ^? rem$ies :i* are ( vegetable orig91--&1 ! obscurity :i* has att5d$ ! op]ation ( comp\nd m$ic9es4 ,,sup]/ition4 ,a belief 9 ! int]position ( sup]natural p[]s 9 ! direction ( e>?ly ev5ts1 has prevail$ 9 e age & c\ntry1 9 an inv]se ratio ) its /ate ( civilization1 or 9 ! exact proportion to its want ( k4 8,9 ! op9ion ( ! ignorant multitude10 says ,"l ,bacon1 8wit*es & impo/ors h always held a competition ) physicians40 ,gal5 also compla9s ( ?is circum/ance1 & obs]ves t 8 pati5ts 7 m ob$i5t to ! oracle 9 ! temple ( ,esculapius1 or to _! own dreams1 ?an !y 7 to 8 prescriptions4 ,! same popul> imbecility is evid5tly allegoriz$ 9 ! my?ology ( ! anci5t poets1 :5 !y made bo? ,,esculapius & ,,circe ! *ildr5 ( ,,apollo2 9 tru?1 !re is an unacc\ntable prop5sity 9 ! human m9d1 unless subject$ to a v long c\rse ( discipl9e1 to indulge 9 ! belief ( :at is improbable & sup]natural2 & ?is is p]haps m conspicu\s ) respect to physic ?an to any o!r affair ( common life1 bo? because ! nature ( diseases & ! art ( cur+ !m are m obscure1 & because disease necess>ily awak5s fe>1 & fe> & ignorance are ! natural p>5ts ( sup]/ition2 e disease !re=e1 ! orig9 & cause ( :i* did n imm$iately /rike ! s5ses1 has 9 all ages be5 attribut$ by ! ignorant to ! wra? ( heav51 to ! res5tm5t ( "s invisible demon1 or to "s malignant aspect ( ! />s2#ai & h5ce ! introduction ( a rabble ( sup]/iti\s rem$ies1 n a few ( :i* 7 r int5d$ z expiations at ! %r9es ( ^! (f5d$ spirits1 ?an z natural ag5ts possess+ m$ic9al p[]s4 ,! introduction ( preci\s /ones into ! mat]ia m$ica1 arose f an ,arabian sup]/ition ( ?is k9d2 inde$ ,de ,boot1 :o has writt5 ext5sively ^u ! subject1 does n pret5d to acc\nt = ! virtues ( gems1 ^u any philosophical pr9ciple1 b f _! be+ ! resid5ce ( spirits1 & he adds t su* sub/ances1 f _! beauty1 spl5d\r & value1 are well adapt$ z receptacles = good spirits6#bj ,e sub/ance ^: orig9 is involv$ 9 my/]y1#ba has at diff]5t times be5 eag]ly appli$ to ! purposes ( m$ic9e3 n long s9ce1 "o ( ^? %[]s :i* are n[ kn[n to consi/ ( ! excrem5t ( insects1 fell 9 ! nor? ( ,italy2 ! inhabitants reg>d$ x z ,manna1 or "s sup]natural panacea1 & !y swall[$ x ) su* avidity1 t x 0 only by extreme address1 t a small quantity 0 obta9$ = a *emical exam9ation4 ,a prop5sity to attribute e ord9>y & natural effect to "s extraord9>y & unnatural cause1 is "o ( ! /rik+ peculi>ities ( m$ical sup]/ition2 x seeks also explanations f ! mo/ prepo/]\s ag5ts1 :5 obvi\s & natural ones are 9 read9ess to solve ! problem4 ,soranus1 = in/ance1 :o 0 cotempor>y ) ,gal51 & wrote ! life ( ,hippocrates6#bb tells u t honey prov$ an easy rem$y = ! aph? ( *ildr51 b in/ead ( at once ref]r+ ! fact to ! m$ical qualities ( ! honey1 he v gravely expla9s x1 f its hav+ be5 tak5 f bees t hiv$ ne> ! tomb ( ,hippocrates6 ,& ev5 ^? salut>y virtues :i* _m h]bs possess1 71 9 ^! times ( sup]/iti\s delusion1 attribut$ r to ! planet "u ^: asc5dancy !y 7 collect$ or prep>$1 ?an to any natural & intr9sic prop]ties 9 ! plants !mselves2 inde$ su* 0 ! suppos$ importance ( planet>y influ5ce1#bc t x 0 usual to prefix to receipts a symbol ( ! planet "u ^: reign ! +r$i5ts 7 to be collect$1 & x is n p]haps g5]ally kn[n1 t ! "* :i* we at ?is day place at ! head ( our prescriptions1 & :i* is und]/ood1 & suppos$ to mean ,recipe1 is a relict ( ! a/rological symbol ( ,jupit]1 z may be se5 9 _m ( ! old] works on ph>macy1 al?\gh x is at pres5t s disguis$ by ! addition ( ! d[n /roke1 :i* conv]ts x into ! lett] 1 t 7 x n = its clov5 foot1 we might be l$ to "q ! fact ( its sup]/iti\s orig94 ,illu/ration ,a k ( ?is anci5t & popul> belief 9 ,sid]al influ5ce1 w enable u to expla9 _m sup]/itions 9 ,physic2 ! cu/om1 = in/ance1 ( adm9i/]+ ca?>tic m$ic9es at /at$ p]iods & seasons1 orig9at$ 9 an impression ( _! be+ m active at p>ticul> /ages ( ! moon1 or at c]ta9 conjunctions ( ! planets3 a remnant ( ?is sup]/ition /ill exi/s to a consid]able ext5t 9 ,g]many2 & ! practice ( ble$+ at #8spr+ & fall1' s long obs]v$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 ow$ its exi/5ce to a simil> belief4 ,x 0 9 consequ5ce ( ! same sup]/ition1 t ! metals 7 fir/ di/+ui%$ by ! names & signs ( ! planets2 & z ! latt] 7 suppos$ to hold dom9ion ov] "t1 s 7 a/rolog]s l$ to believe t "s1 m ?an o!rs1 _h an influ5ce on c]ta9 days ( ! week2 &1 moreov]1 t !y c\ld imp>t to ! correspond+ metals consid]able efficacy ^u ! p>ticul> days :i* 7 devot$ to !m2#bd f ! same belief1 "s bodies 7 only prep>$ on c]ta9 days 9 ! ye>2 ! celebrat$ e>? ( ,lemnos 01 z ,gal5 describes1 p]iodically dug ) great c]emony1 & x cont9u$ = _m ages to be highly e/eem$ = its virtues2 ev5 at ?is day1 ! pit 9 :i* ! clay is f\nd is annually op5$1 ) solemn rites by ! prie/s1 on ! six? day ( ,augu/1 six h\rs aft] sun ris+1 :5 a quantity is tak5 out1 wa%$1 dri$1 & !n seal$ ) ! ,gr& ,signior's seal1 & s5t to ,con/ant9ople4 ,=m]ly x 0 dea? to op5 ! pit1 or to seal ! e>?1 on any o!r day 9 ! ye>4 ,9 ! botanical hi/ory ( ! middle ages1 z m especially develop$ 9 ,mac]'s ,h]bal1 !re 0 n a plant ( m$ic9al use1 t 0 n plac$ "u ! dom9ion ( "s planet1 & mu/ nei!r be ga!r$ nor appli$ b ) obs]vances t sav\r$ ( ! mo/ absurd sup]/ition1 & :i* we f9d 7 pres]v$ z late z ! sev5te5? c5tury1 by ! a/rological h]bali/s1 ,turn]1 ,culpepp]1 & ,lovel4 ,x is n ! lea/ extraord9>y feature 9 ! hi/ory ( m$ical sup]/ition1 t x %\ld s frequ5tly involve 9 its trammels p]sons :o1 on e o!r occasion1 w\ld res5t ) indignation any attempt to talk !m out ( _! reason1 & /ill m s1 to p]suade !m out ( _! s5ses2 & yet we h cont9ual pro(s ( its ext5sive influ5ce ov] p[]ful & cultivat$ m9ds2 9 anci5t times we may adduce ! wise ,cic]o1 & ! no less philosophical ,aurelius1 :ile 9 mod]n days we ne$ only recall to our recollection ! numb] ( p]sons ( sup]ior rank & intellig5ce1 :o 7 actually p]suad$ to submit to ! magnetis+ op]ations ( ,miss ,prescott1 & "s ( !m 7 ev5 induc$ to believe t a b5eficial influ5ce _h be5 produc$ by ! spells ( ?is mod]n ,circe4 ,"l ,bacon1 ) all 8 philosophy1 betray$ a disposition to believe 9 ! virtue ( *>ms & amulets2 & ,boyle#be s]i\sly recomm5ds ! ?igh bone ( an execut$ crim9al1 z a p[]ful rem$y 9 dys5t]y4 ,among/ ! rem$ies ( ,sir ,!odore ,may]ne1 kn[n to comm5tators z ! ,doctor ,caius ( ,%akspe>e1 :o 0 physician to ?ree ,engli% ,sov]eigns1 & :o1 by 8 p]sonal au?ority1 put an end to ! di/9ctions ( *emical & gal5ical practition]s 9 ,engl&1 we %all f9d ! secund9es ( a woman 9 h] fir/ lab\r ) a male *ild2 ! b[els ( a mole1 cut op5 alive2 mummy made ( ! lungs ( a man :o _h di$ a viol5t dea?2 ) a v>iety ( rem$ies1 equally absurd1 & alike disgu/+4 ,x m]its notice1 t ! m$ic9al celebrity ( a sub/ance has n unfrequ5tly surviv$ ! tradition ( its sup]/iti\s orig91 9 ! same mann] t _m ( our popul> cu/oms & rites h cont9u$1 ?r\gh a s]ies ( ye>s1 to exact a respectful obs]vance1 al?\gh ! circum/ances :i* gave orig9 to !m h be5 obscur$ & lo/ 9 ! gloom ( unrecord$ ages4 ,does n ! fond p>5t /ill susp5d ! coral toy ar\nd ! neck ( h] infant1 )\t be+ 9 ! lea/ aw>e ( ! sup]/iti\s belief#bf f :i* ! cu/om orig9at$8 :ile ! *orus ( d]ry d[n is re-e*o$ by ^? :o nev] he>d ( ! ,druids1 mu* less ( ! *oral hymns ) :i* _! groves res\nd$1 at ! "t ( _! ga!r+ ! misletoe2 & h[ _m a m$ical practition] cont9ues to adm9i/] ?is sacr$ plant1 7,viscus ,qu]c9us7 = ! cure ( 8 epileptic pati5ts1 )\t ! lea/ suspicion t x owes its reputation to ! same my/]i\s s\rce ( sup]/ition & impo/ure8 ,nor is ?is ! only fa9t ve/ige ( druidism :i* c be adduc$4 ,mr4 ,lightfoot /ates1 ) mu* plausibility1 t 9 ! highl&s ( ,scotl&1 evid5ce /ill exi/s 9 pro( ( ! high e/eem 9 :i* ^? anci5t ,magi held ! ,quick5 tree1 or ,m\nta9 ,a%1 7,sorbus ,aucup>ia7 = x is m frequ5tly ?an any o!r1 f\nd plant$ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( druidical circles ( /ones2 & x is a curi\s fact1 t x %\ld be /ill believ$ t a small "p ( ?is tree1 c>ri$ ab\t a p]son1 is a *>m aga9/ all bodily evils1--! dairy-maid drives ! cattle ) a swit* ( ! ,roan tree1 = s x is call$ 9 ! highl&s2 & 9 "o "p ( ,scotl&1 ! %eep & lambs are1 on ! fir/ ( ,may1 ev] made to pass ?r\gh a hoop ( ,roan wood4 ,x is also necess>y to /ate1 t _m ( ! practices :i* sup]/ition has at diff]5t times sugge/$1 h n be5 alike absurd2 nay1 "s ( !m h ev5 possess$1 by accid5t1 natural p[]s ( consid]able efficacy1 :il/ o!rs1 al?\gh1 ridicul\s 9 !mselves1 h actually l$ to results & discov]ies ( great practical importance4 ,! mo/ rem>kable in/ance ( ?is k9d ^u record is t ( ! ,sympa!tic p[d] ( ,sir ,k5elm ,digby1#bg ,knight ( ,montpelli]4 ,:5ev] any w\nd _h be5 inflict$1 ?is p[d] 0 appli$ to ! weapon t _h inflict$ x1 :i* 01 moreov]1 cov]$ ) o9tm5t1 & dress$ two or ?ree times a-day4#bh ,! w\nd itself 9 ! mean "t 0 direct$ to be br\ght toge!r1 & c>efully b\nd up ) clean l95 rags1 b1 ,,above ,,all1 ,,to ,,be ,,let ,,alone = sev5 days2 at ! end ( :i* p]iod ! b&ages 7 remov$1 :5 ! w\nd 0 g5]ally f\nd p]fectly unit$4 ,! triumph ( ! cure 0 decre$ to ! my/]i\s ag5cy ( ! sympa!tic p[d] :i* _h be5 s assidu\sly appli$ to ! weapon2 :]eas1 x is h>dly necess>y to obs]ve1 t ! promptness ( ! cure dep5d$ ^u ! total exclusion ( air f ! w\nd1 & ^u ! sanative op]ations ( nature n hav+ receiv$ any di/urbance f ! (fici\s int]f]5ce ( art2 ! result1 beyond all d\bt1 furni%$ ! fir/ h9t1 :i* l$ surgeons to ! improv$ practice ( heal+ w\nds by :at is te*nically call$ ! fir/ int5tion4 ,! ru/ ( ! spe> ( ,telephus1 m5tion$ 9 ,hom] z a cure = ! w\nds :i* t weapon inflict$1 0 probably ,v]degris1 & l$ to ! discov]y ( its use z a surgical application4 ,soon aft] ! introduction ( ,gunp[d]1 cold wat] 0 v g5]ally employ$ ?r\gh\t ,italy1 z a dress+ to gun-%ot w\nds2 n h[ev] f any !ory connect$ ) ! influ5ce ( dim9i%$ temp]ature or ( moi/ure1 b f a belief 9 a sup]natural ag5cy imp>t$ to x by c]ta9 my/]i\s & magical c]emonies1 :i* 7 duly p]=m$ imm$iately previ\s to its application3 ! cont9uance ( ! practice1 h[ev]1 ?rew "s light ^u ! surgical treatm5t ( ^! w\nds1 & l$ to a m rational managem5t ( !m4 ,! inoculation ( ! small-pox 9 ,india1 ,turkey1 & ,wales1 obs]ves ,sir ,gilb]t ,blane1 0 practis$ on a sup]/iti\s pr9ciple1 long be=e x 0 introduc$ z a rational practice into ?is c\ntry4 ,! sup]/ition consi/$ 9 buy+ x--= ! efficacy ( ! op]ation1 9 giv+ safety1 0 suppos$ to dep5d ^u a piece ( money be+ left by ! p]son :o took x = ins]tion4 ,! memb]s ( ! ,national ,vacc9e ,e/abli%m5t1 dur+ ! p]iod ,i _h a seat at ! bo>d1 receiv$ f ,mr4 ,dubois1 a ,mission>y 9 ,india1 a v int]e/+ acc\nt ( ! s]vices1 d]iv$ f sup]/iti\s influ5ce1 9 propagat+ ! practice ( vacc9ation ?r\gh t unciviliz$ "p ( ! globe4 ,x appe>s f ?is docum5t1 t ! greate/ ob/acle :i* vacc9ation enc\nt]$ 0 a belief t ! natural small-pox 0 a disp5sation ( a mis*iev\s deity among !m1 :om !y call$ ,,mah-,,ry ,,umma1 or r1 t ?is disease 0 an inc>nation ( ! dire ,goddess h]self1 into ! p]son :o 0 infect$ ) x2 ! fe> ( irritat+ h]1 & ( expos+ !mselves to h] res5tm5t1 necess>ily r5d]$ ! natives ( ! ,ea/ decid$ly av]se to vacc9ation1 until a sup]/iti\s impression1 equally p[]ful ) respect to ! new practice1 0 happily effect$2 ?is 0 no o!r ?an a belief1 t ! ,goddess ,,mah-,,ry ,,umma _h spontane\sly *os5 ?is new & mild] mode ( manife/+ h]self to h] vot>ies1 & t %e might be wor%ipp$ ) equal respect "u ?is new %ape4 ,,hydromancy is ano!r sup]/ition :i* has incid5tally l$ to ! discov]y ( ! m$ic9al virtues ( _m m9]al wat]s2 a belief 9 ! div9+ nature ( c]ta9 spr+s & f\nta9s is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ anci5t & univ]sal ( all sup]/itions4 ,! ,ca/alian f\nta91 & _m o!rs among/ ! ,grecians1 7 suppos$ to be ( a prophetic nature2 by dipp+ a fair mirror into a well1 ! ,patrans ( ,greece receiv$1 z !y imag9$1 "s notice ( ensu+ sickness or heal?4 ,at ?is v day1 ! sick & lame are attract$ to v>i\s hall[$ spr+s2 & to ?is practice1 :i* has be5 obs]v$ = s _m ages & 9 su* diff]5t c\ntries1 we are no d\bt indebt$ = a k ( ! sanative p[]s ( _m m9]al wat]s4 ,!re c be no d\bt1 moreov]1 b t 9 _m cases1 by af=d+ enc\ragem5t & confid5ce to a deject$ pati5t1 & s]5ity to 8 m9d1 :e!r by ! aid ( reason or ! influ5ce ( sup]/ition1 mu* b5efit may arise2 = ! salut>y & curative ef=ts ( nature1 9 su* a /ate ( m9d1 mu/ be mu* m likely to succe$2 equally evid5t is x1 t ! mo/ p[]ful effects may be induc$ by ! adm9i/ration ( rem$ies :i*1 f _! disgu/+ nature1 are calculat$ to excite /rong & pa9ful s5sations ( ! m9d4#bi ,celsus m5tions1 ) confid5ce1 sev]al m$ic9es ( ?is k9d = ! cure ( ,epilepsy1 z ! w>m blood ( a rec5tly sla9 ,gladiator1 or a c]ta9 portion ( human1 or horse fle%6 & we f9d t rem$ies ( ?is description 7 actually exhibit$1 & ) success1 by ,kaw ,bo]haave1 9 ! cure ( ,epileptics 9 ! poor-h\se at ,ha]lem4 ,! p[]ful influ5ce ( confid5ce 9 ! cure & prev5tion ( disease1 0 well und]/ood by ! sages ( antiquity2 ! ,romans1 9 times ( pe/il5ce1 elect$ a dictator ) great solemnity1 = ! sole purpose ( driv+ a nail into ! wall ( ! temple ( ,jupit]--! effect 0 g5]ally in/antane\s--& :ile !y ?us imag9$ t !y propitiat$ an (f5d$ deity1 !y 9 tru? did b dim9i% ! susceptibility to disease1 by appeas+ _! own fe>s4 ,nor are !re want+ 9 mod]n times1 /rik+ examples ( ! progress ( an epidemic disease hav+ be5 sudd5ly arre/$ by "s exhil>at+ impression made ^u ! mass ( ! population4 ,9 ! celebrat$ siege ( ,br$a1 9 #afbe1 by ,sp9ola1 ! g>rison suff]$ extreme di/ress f ! ravages ( ,scurvy1 & ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange be+ unable to relieve ! place1 s5t 91 by a confid5tial mess5g]1 a prep>ation :i* 0 direct$ to be add$ to a v l>ge quantity ( wat]1 & to be giv5 z a specific = ! epidemic2 ! rem$y 0 adm9i/]$1 & ! g>rison recov]$ its heal?1 :5 x 0 aft]w>ds ackn[l$g$1 t ! sub/ance 9 "q 0 no o!r ?an a little col\r+ matt]4 ,among/ ! num]\s in/ances :i* h be5 cit$ to %ew ! p[] ( fai? ov] disease1 or ( ! m9d ov] ! body1 ! cures p]=m$ by ,royal ,t\*#cj h be5 g5]ally select$2 b x w\ld appe>1 ^u ! au?ority ( ,wiseman1 t ! cures :i* 7 ?us effect$1 7 9 reality produc$ by a v diff]5t cause2 = he /ates1 t "p ( ! duty ( ! ,royal ,physicians & ,s]jeant ,surgeons 0 to select su* pati5ts1 afflict$ ) scr(ula1 z ev9c$ a t5d5cy t[>ds recov]y1 & t !y took especial c>e to *oose ^? :o approa*$ ! age ( pub]ty2 9 %ort1 ^? only 7 produc$ :om nature _h %ewn a disposition to cure2 & z ! t\* ( ! k+1 l ! sympa!tic p[d] ( ,digby1 secur$ ! pati5t f ! mis*iev\s importunities ( art1 s 7 ! ef=ts ( nature left free & uncontroll$1 & ! cure ( ! disease 0 n ret>d$ or oppos$ by ! op]ation ( adv]se rem$ies4 ,! wond]ful cures ( ,val5t9e ,greatracks1 p]=m$ 9 #afff1 :i* 7 witness$ by cotempor>y prelates1 memb]s ( p>liam5t1 & fell[s ( ! royal society1 among/ :om 0 ! celebrat$ ,mr4 ,boyle1 w\ld probably ^u inve/igation admit ( a simil> explanation2 x des]ves1 h[ev]1 to be notic$1 t 9 all records ( extraord9>y cures p]=m$ by my/]i\s ag5ts1 !re is a great desire to conceal ! rem$ies & o!r curative means1 :i* 7 simultane\sly adm9i/]$ ) !m2 ?us ,oribasius comm5ds 9 high t]ms a necklace ( ,pony root1 = ! cure ( ,epilepsy2 b we le>n t he always took c>e to accompany its use ) copi\s evacuations1 al?\gh he assigns to !m no %>e ( cr$it 9 ! cure4 ,9 lat] times we h a good specim5 ( ?is deception pres5t$ to u 9 a "w on ,scr(ula1 by ,mr4 ,morley1 writt51 z we are in=m$1 = ! sole purpose ( re/or+ ! mu* injur$ "* & use ( ! ,v]va92 9 :i* ! au?or directs ! root ( ?is plant to be ti$ ) a y>d ( :it$ sat9 ribb&1 ar\nd ! neck1 :]e x is to rema9 until ! pati5t is cur$2 b m>k1--dur+ ?is int]val he calls to 8 aid ! mo/ active m$ic9es 9 ! mat]ia m$ica6 ,! advantages :i* ,i h /at$ to h occasionally aris5 f sup]/iti\s influ5ce1 mu/ be und]/ood z be+ g5]ally accid5tal2 inde$1 9 ! hi/ory ( sup]/iti\s practices1 we d n f9d t _! application 0 exclusively comm5d$ 9 cases likely to be influ5c$ by ! p[]s ( fai? or ( ! imag9ation1 b1 on ! contr>y1 t !y 7 z frequ5tly direct$ 9 affections t 7 entirely plac$ beyond ! control ( ! m9d4 ,hom] tells u1 = in/ance1 t ! ble$+ ( ,ulysses 0 /opp$ by a *>m3#ca & ,cato ! c5sor has fav\r$ u ) an incantation = ! r$uction ( a dislocat$ limb4 ,9 c]ta9 in/ances1 h[ev]1 we are c]ta9ly b\nd to admit t ! pagan prie/hood1 ) _! *>act]i/ic cunn+1 7 c>eful to p]=m _! sup]/iti\s incantations1 9 su* cases only z 7 likely to receive ! sanative assi/ance ( ,nature1 s t !y might attribute ! =tunate results ( h] ef=ts1 to ! pot5t influ5ce ( _! own arts4 ,! extraord9>y success :i* is relat$ to h att5d$ v>i\s sup]/iti\s c]emonials w ?us f9d a plausible explanation3 ! miracul\s gift1 attribut$ by ,h]odotus to ! ,prie/esses ( ,hel51 is "o among/ _m o!rs ( ?is k9d t might be adduc$2 ! ,grecian hi/orian relates1 t :5 ! heads ( ugly infants 7 adju/$ on ! alt> ( ?is temple1 ! individuals s treat$ acquir$ comel9ess1 & ev5 beauty1 z !y advanc$ 9 gr[?3 b is n su* a *ange ! ord9>y & unassi/$ result ( natural developem5t8 ,^? l>ge & prom95t outl9es :i* imp>t an unpleas+ physiognomy to ! infant1 :5 proportion$ & matur$ by gr[?1 w g5]ally assume features ( intellig5ce 9 ! adult face4 ,i %all conclude ^! obs]vations1 by rem>k+ t1 9 ! hi/ory ( religi\s c]emonials1 we sometimes discov] t !y 7 int5d$ to pres]ve useful cu/oms or to conceal important tru?s2 :i*1 _h !y n be5 ?us embalm$ by sup]/ition1 c\ld nev] h be5 p]petuat$ = ! use & advantage ( po/]ity4 ,i %all illu/rate ?is ass]tion by "o or two examples4 ,:5ev] ! anci5ts propos$ to build a t[n1 or to pit* a camp1 a sacrifice 0 (f]$ to ! gods1 & ! ,soo?say] decl>$1 f ! appe>ance ( ! entrails1 :e!r !y 7 propiti\s or n to ! design4 ,:at 0 ?is b a physiological inquiry into ! salubrity ( ! situation1 & ! purity ( ! wat]s t suppli$ x8 = we well "k t 9 un:olesome di/ricts1 especially :5 swampy1 ! cattle w uni=mly pres5t an appe>ance ( disease 9 ! visc]a1 :i* an exp]i5c$ eye c readily detect2 & :5 we reflect ^u ! age & climate 9 :i* ^! c]emonies 7 p]=m$1 we _c b believe t _! introduction 0 sugge/$ by pr9ciples ( wise & useful policy4 ,9 ! same mann]1 ,ba?+1 :i* at "o p]iod ( ! _w1 0 ess5tially necess>y1 to prev5t ! diffusion ( ,leprosy1 & o!r infecti\s diseases1 0 wisely conv]t$ into an act ( religion1 & ! prie/s p]suad$ ! p t !y c\ld only obta9 absolution on wa%+ away _! s9s by frequ5t ablutions2 b s9ce ! use ( l95 %irts has become g5]al1 & e "o has provid$ = ! cleanl9ess ( 8 own p]son1 ! frequ5t ba? ceases to be s ess5tial1 & !re=e no evil has aris5 f ! *ange ( religi\s belief respect+ its connection ) ! welf>e & purity ( ! s\l4 ,among ! religi\s impurities & rules ( purification ( ! ,h9doos1 we %all be able to disc]n ! same pr9ciple al?\gh di/ort$ by ! grosse/ sup]/ition4 ,! anci5t cu/om ( erect+ 8,ac]r0 or ,alt>s1 ne> ! b$ ( ! deceas$1 9 ord] t 8 fri5ds might daily burn ,inc5se until 8 burial1 0 long practis$ by ! ,romans4 ,! ,*9ese obs]ve a simil> cu/om2 !y place ^u ! alt> ?us erect$ an image ( ! dead p]son1 to :i* e "o :o approa*es x b[s f\r times1 & (f]s oblations & p]fumes4 ,c !re be any difficulty 9 recognis+1 9 ?is tribute to ! dead1 a wise provision = ! pres]vation ( ! liv+8 ,! orig9al int5tion 01 beyond d\bt1 to ov]come any (f5sive smell1 & to obviate ! dang]s t might arise f ! emanations ( ! corpse4 ,^! in/ances are suffici5t to %ew ! ju/ness ( my position3 if "t & space w\ld all[1 _m o!rs ( a /rik+ & int]e/+ "* might be adduc$4#cb ,,cr$ulity4 ,al?\gh x is ne>ly alli$ to ,sup]/ition1 yet x diff]s v widely f x4 ,cr$ulity is an unb\nd$ belief 9 :at is possible1 al?\gh de/itute ( pro( & p]haps ( probability2 b ,sup]/ition is a belief 9 :at is :olly repugnant to ! laws ( ! physical & moral _w4 ,?us1 if we believe t an in]t plant possesses any rem$ial p[]1 we are cr$ul\s2 b if we 7 to fancy t1 by c>ry+ x ab\t ) u1 we %\ld become invuln]able1 we %\ld 9 t case be sup]/iti\s4 ,cr$ulity is a f> great] s\rce ( error ?an ,sup]/ition2 = ! latt] mu/ be always m limit$ 9 its influ5ce1 & c exi/ only1 to any consid]able ext5t1 9 ! mo/ ignorant portion ( society2 :]eas ! =m] diffuses itself ?r\gh ! m9ds ( all classes1 by :i* ! rank & dignity ( sci5ce are degrad$1 its valuable lab\rs conf\nd$ ) ! va9 pret5sions ( empiricism1 & ignorance is enabl$ to claim = itself ! prescriptive "r ( deliv]+ oracles1 amid/ all ! triumphs ( tru?1 & ! progress ( philosophy4 ,?is is v lam5table2 & yet1 if x 7 ev5 possible to remove ! film t ?us obscures ! public disc]nm5t1 ,i "q :e!r ! adoption ( su* a plan w\ld n be outvot$ by ! majority ( our own pr(ession4 ,9 ,*ili1 says ,zimm]man1 ! physicians bl[ ar\nd ! b$s ( _! pati5ts to drive away diseases2 & z ! p 9 t c\ntry believe t physic consi/s :olly 9 ?is w9d1 _! doctors w\ld take x v ill ( any p]son :o %\ld attempt to make ! me?od ( cure m difficult--!y ?9k !y "k en\gh1 :5 !y "k h[ to bl[4 ,b ?is m5tal imbecility is n *>act]i/ic ( any age or c\ntry4 ,engl& has1 inde$1 by a late cont95tal writ]1#cc be5 accus$ ( possess+ a l>g] %>e ( cr$ulity ?an its neighb\rs1 & x has be5 emphatically call$ 8,! ,p>adise ( ,quacks10 b ) z little tru? z c&\r4 ,if we ref] to ! works ( tius1 writt5 m ?an #acjj ye>s ago1 we %all discov] ! exi/5ce ( a simil> infirmity ) reg>d to physic4 ,?is au?or has collect$ a multitude ( receipts1 p>ticul>ly ^? t _h be5 celebrat$1 or us$ z ,no/rums1#cd _m ( :i* he m5tions ) no o!r view ?an to expose _! folly1 & to in=m u at :at an extravagant price !y 7 pur*as$4 ,we accord+ly le>n f him t ! collyrium ( ,danaus 0 sold at ,con/ant9ople = #abj numismata1 & ! *olical antidote ( ,nico/ratus = two tal5ts2 9 %ort1 we %all f9d an unb\nd$ cr$ulity ) respect to ! p[]s ( in]t m$ic9es1 f ! elixir & alkahe/ ( ,p>acelsus & ,van-,helmont1 to ! t> wat] ( bi%op ,b]keley1 ! metallic tractors ( ,p]k9s1 ! animal magnetism ( ,miss ,prescott1 & may ,i n add1 ) equal ju/ice1 to ! nitro-muriatic acid ba? ( ,dr4 ,scott8 ,! description ( ,!ssalus1 ! ,roman empiric 9 ! reign ( ,n]o1 z drawn by ,gal51 applies ) equal fidelity & =ce to ! m$ical ,*>latan ( ! pres5t day2 &1 if we exam9e ! writ+s ( ,scribonius ,l>gus1 we %all obta9 ample evid5ce t ! same ung5]\s selfi%ness ( keep+ m$ic9es secret1 prevail$ 9 anci5t no less ?an 9 mod]n times2 :ile we h only to read ! sacr$ orations ( ,ari/ides to be satisfi$1 t ! flagrant conduct ( ! ,asclepiades1 f :i* he s sev]ely suff]$1#ce 0 ! v prototype ( ! cruel & remorseless frauds1 s wick$ly practis$ by ! unpr9cipl$ ,quack ,doctors & adv]tis+ 8,m$ical ,bo>ds10 ( our own times3 & ,i *all5ge ! apologi/ ( anci5t purity to produce a m gl>+ in/ance ( empirical effront]y & success1 9 ! annals ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ?an t ( ! sacr$ impo/or describ$ 9 ! ,alex&] ( ,lucian1 :o e/abli%$ himself 9 ! des]t$ temple ( ,esculapius1 & entrapp$ 9 8 sn>es "s ( ! mo/ em95t ( ! ,roman s5ators4 ,,scepticism4 ,cr$ulity has be5 ju/ly def9$1 ,belief )\t ,reason4 ,scepticism is its opposite1 ,reason )\t ,belief & is ! natural & inv>iable consequ5ce ( cr$ulity3 = x may be g5]ally obs]v$1 t m5 :o believe )\t reason1 are succe$$ by o!rs :om no reason+ c conv9ce2 a fact :i* has occasion$ _m extraord9>y & viol5t revolutions 9 ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 & a k ( x w enable u to expla9 ! o!rwise unacc\ntable rise & fall ( _m useless1 z well z important articles4 ,x w also sugge/ to ! reflect+ practition]1 a caution ( great mom5t1 to avoid ! dang]\s fault imput$ to ,gal5 by ,dioscorides1 ( ascrib+ too _m & too great virtues to "o & ! same m$ic9e4 ,by be/[+ unwor?y & extravagant praise ^u a rem$y1 we 9 reality d b detract f its reputation1#cf & run ! risk ( bani%+ x f practice2 = :5 ! sob] practition] discov]s by exp]i5ce t a m$ic9e falls s f> %ort ( ! efficacy ascrib$ to x1 he ab&ons its use 9 disgu/1 & is ev5 unwill+ to conc$e to x t degree ( m]it to :i* 9 tru? & ju/ice x may be entitl$2 ! inflat$ eulogiums be/[$ ^u ! op]ation ( ,digitalis 9 pulmon>y diseases1 excit$1 = a "t1 a v unfair impression aga9/ its use2 & ! injudici\s mann] 9 :i* ! antisyphilitic p[]s ( ,nitric ,acid h be5 aggr&is$1 _h v ne>ly explod$ a valuable auxili>y f mod]n practice4 ,x is well kn[n ) :at avidity ! public embrac$ ! expectations giv5 by ,/erk ( ,vi5na 9 #agfj1 ) respect to ! efficacy ( ,hemlock2 e body1 says ,dr4 ,fo!rgill1 made ! extract1 & e body prescrib$ x1 b f9d+ t x w\ld n p]=m ! wond]s ascrib$ to x1 & t a multitude ( discordant diseases refus$ to yield1 z x 0 ass]t$ !y w\ld1 to its n>cotic p[]s1 practition]s fell into ! opposite extreme ( absurdity1 & decl>+ t x c\ld d no?+ at all1 dismiss$ x at once z in]t & useless4 ,c we n !n pr$ict ! fate ( ! ,cubebs1 :i* has be5 lately re/or$ to notice ) su* extravagant praise & unqualifi$ approbation8 ,may ! sangu9e advocates = ! virtues ( ! ,col*icum d]ive a useful lesson ( practical caution f ^! precepts3 x w\ld be a matt] ( regret t a rem$y :i*1 "u skilful managem5t1 c]ta9ly possesses consid]able virtue1 %\ld aga9 fall into obscurity & neglect f ! disgu/ excit$ by ! extravagant zeal ( its support]s4 ,!re are1 moreov]1 ^? :o *]i% a _s ( scepticism1 f an idea t x d5otes ! ex]cise ( a sup]ior intellect2 x mu/ be admitt$1 t at t p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( ,europe1 :5 reason fir/ began to ?r[ (f ! yoke ( au?ority1 x requir$ sup]iority ( und]/&+ z well z intrepidity ( conduct1 to resi/ ! p[]s ( t sup]/ition :i* _h s long held x 9 captivity2 b 9 ! pres5t age1 obs]ves ,mr4 ,dugald ,/ew>t1 8unlimit$ scepticism is z mu* ! *ild ( imbecility z implicit cr$ulity40 8,he :o at ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury10 says ,r\sseau1 8has br\ght himself to ab&on all 8 e>ly pr9ciples1 )\t discrim9ation1 w\ld probably h be5 a bigot 9 ! days ( ! league40 ,,false ,,!ories1 ,,& ,,absurd ,,conceits4 ,he :o is gov]n$ by preconceiv$ op9ions1 may be comp>$ to a spectator :o views ! surr\nd+ objects ?r\gh col\r$ glasses1 ea* assum+ a t+e simil> to t ( ! glass employ$2 ?us h cr[ds ( in]t & insignificant drugs be5 indebt$ to an ephem]al popul>ity1 f ! preval5ce ( a false !ory2 ! celebrat$ hypo!sis ( ,gal5 respect+ ! virtues & op]ation ( m$ic9es1 may s]ve z an example2 x is a web ( philosophical fiction1 :i* 0 nev] surpass$ 9 absurdity4 ,he conceives t ! prop]ties ( all m$ic9es are d]iv$ f :at he calls _! elem5t>y or c>d9al qualities1 ,,heat1 ,,cold1 ,,moi/ure1 & ,,dryness4 ,ea* ( ^! qualities is aga9 sub-divid$ into f\r degrees1 & a plant or m$ic9e1 accord+ to 8 notion1 is cold or hot1 9 ! fir/1 second1 ?ird1 or f\r? gradation2 if ! disease be hot1 or cold 9 any ( ^! f\r /ages1 a m$ic9e possess$ ( a contr>y quality1 & 9 ! same proportionate degree ( elem5t>y heat or cold1 mu/ be prescrib$4 ,saltness1 bitt]ness1 & acridness dep5d1 9 8 idea1 ^u ! relative degrees ( heat & dryness 9 diff]5t bodies4 ,x w be easily se5 h[ a belief 9 su* an hypo!sis mu/ h multipli$ ! li/ ( in]t articles 9 ! mat]ia m$ica1 & h corrupt$ ! practice ( physic4 ,! v>iety ( se$s d]iv$ its orig9 f ?is s\rce1 & until lately1 m$ical writ]s1 9 ! true j>gon ( ,gal51 spoke ( ! f\r great] & less] hot & cold se$s2 & 9 ! ,london ,disp5satory ( #agba1 we f9d ! p[d]s ( hot & cold preci\s /ones1 & ^? ( ! hot & cold comp\nd p[d]s ( pe>l4 ,sev]al ( ! anci5t comb9ations ( opium1 ) v>i\s aromatics1 are also indebt$ to ,gal5 = _! orig91 & to ! bl9d influ5ce ( 8 au?ority = _! exi/5ce & la/+ reputation4 ,gal5 ass]t$ t opium 0 cold 9 ! f\r? degree1 & mu/ !re=e require "s correspond+ hot m$ic9e to mod]ate its frigidity4#cg ,,! ,,me?odic ,,sect1 :i* 0 f\nd$ by ! ,roman physician ,!mison1#ch a disciple ( ,asclepiades1 z !y conceiv$ all diseases to dep5d ^u ov]brac+1 or on relaxation1 s did !y class all m$ic9es "u ! head ( relax+ & brac+ rem$ies2 & al?\gh ?is !ory has be5 long s9ce bani%$ f ! s*ools1 yet x cont9ues at ?is day to ex]t a secret influ5ce on m$ical practice1 & to pres]ve f neglect "s unimportant m$ic9es4 ,! g5]al belief 9 ! relax+ effect ( ! w>m1 & ! equally /r5g!n+ influ5ce ( ! cold ba?1 may be trac$ to conclusions d$uc$ f ! op]ations ( hot & cold wat] ^u p>*m5t & o!r in]t bodies4#ci ,,! ,,/ahlians1 "u ! impression ( _! ideal sy/em1 introduc$ ,ar*al rem$ies1 & _m ( a sup]/iti\s & in]t k9d2 :il/1 z !y on all occasions tru/$ to ! con/ant att5tion & wisdom ( nature1 s did !y zeal\sly oppose ! use ( "s ( ! mo/ efficaci\s in/rum5ts ( art1 z ! ,p]uvian b>k2 & few physicians 7 s res]v$ 9 ! use ( g5]al rem$ies1 z ble$+1 vomit+1 & ! l2 _! practice 0 !re=e imbecile1 & x has be5 aptly en\gh d5om9at$1 8a m$itation ^u dea?40 ,!y 7 h[ev] vigilant 9 obs]vation & acute 9 disc]nm5t1 & we are indebt$ to !m = "s fai?ful & m9ute descriptions4 ,,! ,,me*anical ,,!ory1 :i* recognis$ 8l5tor & morbid viscidity ( ! blood10 z ! pr9cipal cause ( all diseases1 introduc$ att5uant & dilu5t m$ic9es1 or sub/ances endu$ ) "s me*anical =ce2 ?us ,f\rcroy expla9$ ! op]ation ( m]cury by its specific gravity1#dj & ! advocates ( ?is doctr9e fav\r$ ! g5]al introduction ( ! prep>ations ( iron1 especially 9 s*irrus ( ! sple5 or liv]1 ^u ! same hypo!tical pr9ciple2 =1 say !y1 :atev] is mo/ =cible 9 remov+ ! ob/ruction1 mu/ be ! mo/ prop] in/rum5t ( cure2 su* is ,/eel1 :i*1 besides ! att5uat+ p[] ) :i* x is furni%$1 has /ill a great] =ce 9 ?is case f ! gravity ( its p>ticles1 :i*1 be+ sev5 times specifically heavi] ?an any vegetable1 acts 9 proportion ) a /rong] impulse1 & !re=e is a m p[]ful deob/ru5t4 ,?is may be tak5 z a specim5 ( ! /yle 9 :i* ^! me*anical physicians reason$ & practis$4 ,,! ,,*emi/s1 z !y ackn[l$g$ no s\rce ( disease b ! pres5ce ( "s ho/ile acid or alkali1 or "s d]ang$ condition 9 ! *emical composition ( ! fluid or solid p>ts1 s !y conceiv$ all rem$ies mu/ act by produc+ *emical *anges 9 ! body4 ,we f9d ,t\rne=t busily engag$ 9 te/+ e vegetable juice1 9 ord] to discov] 9 x "s traces ( an acid or alkal9e +r$i5t1 :i* might conf] ^u x m$ic9al activity4 ,! fatal errors into :i* su* an hypo!sis 0 liable to betray ! practition]1 receive an awful illu/ration 9 ! hi/ory ( ! memorable fev] t rag$ at ,leyd5 9 ! ye> #afii1 & :i* consign$ two ?irds ( ! population ( t city to an untimely grave2 an ev5t :i*1 9 a great measure1 dep5d$ ^u ! ,pr(essor ,sylvius de la ,boe1 :o hav+ j embrac$ ! *emical doctr9es ( ,van ,helmont1 assign$ ! orig9 ( ! di/emp] to a prevail+ acid1 & decl>$ t its cure c\ld alone be effect$ by ! copi\s adm9i/ration ( absorb5t & te/ace\s m$ic9es2 an extravagance into :i* ,van ,helmont1 himself1 w\ld h>dly h be5 betray$3--b ?us x is 9 ,philosophy1 z 9 ,politics1 t ! p>tisans ( a popul> lead] are always m sangu9e1 & less reasonable1 ?an _! ma/]2 !y are n only ready to delude ! _w1 b mo/ anxi\s to deceive !mselves1 & :ile !y w>mly def5d _! fav\rite sy/em f ! attacks ( ^? t may assail x1 !y will+ly close _! own eyes1 & conceal f !mselves ! diff]5t po9ts t are unt5able2 or1 to borr[ ! figurative language ( a ,fr5* writ]1 !y are l ! pi\s *ildr5 ( ,noah1#da :o w5t backw>ds1 t !y might n see ! nak$ness :i* !y approa*$ = ! purpose ( cov]+4 ,unlike ! me*anical physicians1 ! *emi/s expla9 ! b5eficial op]ation ( iron by suppos+ t x increases ! proportion ( r$ globules 9 ! blood1 on ! errone\s#db hypo!sis t iron con/itutes ! pr9cipal elem5t ( ^! bodies4 ,?us has iron1 f its ackn[l$g$ p[]s1 be5 enli/$ into ! s]vice ( e prevail+ hypo!sis2 & x is n a little s+ul>1 z a late writ] has ju/ly obs]v$1 t !ories h[ev] diff]5t1 & ev5 adv]se1 d nev]!less (t5 co9cide 9 matt]s ( practice1 z well ) ea* o!r z ) long e/abli%$ empirical usages1 ea* b5d+ z x 71 & con=m+1 9 ord] to d homage to tru? & exp]i5ce4 ,& yet iron1 ^: m$ic9al virtues h be5 s g5]ally all[$1 has n escap$ ^? vicissitudes 9 reputation :i* almo/ e valuable rem$y has be5 doom$ to suff]3 at "o p]iod ! anci5ts imag9$ t w\nds inflict$ by iron in/rum5ts1 7 nev] dispos$ to heal1 = :i* reason ,pors5na1 aft] ! expulsion ( ! ,t>qu9s1 actually /ipulat$ ) ! ,romans t !y %\ld n use iron1 except 9 agriculture2 & ,avic5na 0 s al>m$ at ! idea ( its int]nal use z a rem$y1 :5 giv5 9 sub/ance1 t he s]i\sly advis$ ! exhibition ( a magnet#dc aft] x to prev5t any direful consequ5ces4 ,! fame ev5 ( ,p]uvian b>k has be5 occasionally obscur$ by ! cl\ds ( false !ory "s condemn$ its use altoge!r1 8because x did n evacuate ! morbific matt]10 o!rs1 8because x br$ ob/ructions 9 ! visc]a10 o!rs aga91 8because x only b\nd up ! spirits1 & /opp$ ! p>oxysms = a "t1 & fav\r$ ! translation ( ! peccant matt] into ! m noble p>ts40 ,?us we le>n f ,morton1#dd t ,oliv] ,cromwell fell a victim to an int]mitt5t fev]1 because ! ,physicians 7 too timid to make a trial ( ! b>k4 ,x 0 sold fir/ by ! ,jesuits = its weight 9 silv]2#de & ,condam9e relates t 9 #afij1 ab\t ?irty ye>s aft]w>ds1 sev]al ?\s& p\nds ( x lay at ,piura & ,payta = want ( a pur*as]4 ,nor has ,sug> escap$ ! v5om ( fanciful hypo!sis4 ,dr4 ,willis rais$ a popul> outcry aga9/ its dome/ic use1 decl>+ t 8x conta9$ )9 its p>ticles a secret acid--a dang]\s %>pness1--:i* caus$ scurvys1 consumptions1 & o!r dreadful diseases40#df ,al?\gh ,i pr(ess to (f] m]ely a few illu/rations ( ^? doctr9es1 ^: p]v]t$ applications h influ5c$ ! hi/ory ( ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 ,i _c pass ov] 9 sil5ce t ( ,john ,br[n1 8! *ild ( g5ius & mis=tune40 ,z he g5]aliz$ diseases1 & br\ght all )9 ! compass ( two gr& classes1 ^? ( increas$ & dim9i%$ excitem5t1 s did he abridge our rem$ies1 ma9ta9+1 t e ag5t :i* c\ld op]ate on ! human body 0 a ,/imulant1 hav+ an id5tity ( action1 & diff]+ only 9 ! degree ( its =ce2 s t1 accord+ to 8 views1 ! lancet & ! br&y bottle 7 b ! opposite extremes ( "o & ! same class3 ! mis*iev\s t5d5cy ( su* a doctr9e is too obvi\s to require a comm5t4 ,b ! mo/ absurd & prepo/]\s hypo!sis t has disgrac$ ! annals ( m$ic9e1 & be/[$ m$ic9al reputation ^u sub/ances ( no intr9sic wor?1 is t ( ! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,signatures1 z x has be5 call$1 :i* is no less ?an a belief t e natural sub/ance :i* possesses any m$ic9al virtue1 indicates by an obvi\s & well-m>k$ ext]nal "*1 ! disease = :i* x is a rem$y1 or ! object = :i* x %\ld be employ$6#dg ,?is extraord9>y mon/] ( ! fancy has be5 pr9cipally adopt$ & *]i%$ by ,p>acelsus1 ,bapti/a ,porta1 & ,crollius1 al?\gh traces ( its exi/5ce may be c]ta9ly discov]$ 9 v anci5t au?ors4 ,! root ( ! ,m&rake1 f its suppos$ resemblance to ! human =m1 0 e/eem$ z a rem$y = ,/]ility3 ?us did ,ra*ael dem& f h] si/] ! ,m&rakes 7,dudaim7 :i* ,reub5 _h ga!r$ 9 ! field2 impress$1 z x w\ld appe>1 ) a belief 9 ! efficacy ( t plant aga9/ b>r5ness4#dh ,!re w\ld moreov] appe> 9 ?is case to h be5 "s idea ( additional virtue aris+ f ! p]son :o ga!r$ x1 = great /ress 0 laid ^u ?is circum/ance1 8my son's ,m&rakes30 su* a notion is by no means uncommon 9 ! hi/ory ( *>ms4 ,! suppos$ virtues ( ! ,lapis tites1 or ,eagle /one1#di describ$ by ,dioscorides1 tius & ,pl9y1 :o ass]t t if ti$ to ! arm x w prev5t abortion1 & if fix$ to ! ?igh =w>d deliv]y1 71 z we le>n f anci5t au?ority1 solely sugge/$ by ! mann] 9 :i* ! nodule conta9$ )9 ! /one moves & rattles1 :5ev] x is %ak54 8tites lapis agitatus1 sonitum edit1 velut ex alt]o lapide prgnans40 ,! conceit h[ev] did n assume ! importance ( a !ory until ! end ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 at :i* p]iod we f9d sev]al au?ors engag$ 9 ! support ( its tru?1 & x w n be unamus+ to (f] a specim5 ( _! sophi/ry2 !y affirm1 t s9ce man is ! "l ( ! creation1 all o!r creatures are design$ = 8 use1 & !re=e1 t _! b5eficial qualities & excell5cies mu/ be express$ by su* *>act]s z c be se5 & und]/ood by e "o2 & z man discov]s 8 reason by spee*1 & brutes _! s5sations by v>i\s s\nds1 motions1 & ge/ures1 s ! va/ v>iety & div]sity ( figures1 col\rs1 & consi/5cies1 obs]vable 9 inanimate creatures1 is c]ta9ly design$ = "s wise purpose4 ,x mu/ be1 9 ord] to manife/ ^! peculi> qualities & excell5cies1 :i* c\ld n be s effectually done 9 any o!r way1 n ev5 by spee*1 s9ce no language is univ]sal4 ,?us1 ! lungs ( a fox mu/ be a specific = a/hma1 because t animal is rem>kable = its /rong p[]s ( respiration4 ,turm]ick has a brilliant yell[ col\r1 :i* indicates t x has ! p[] ( cur+ ! jaundice2 by ! same rule1 ,poppies mu/ relieve diseases ( ! head2 ,ag>icus ^? ( ! bladd]2 ,cassia fi/ula ! affections ( ! inte/9es1 & ,ari/olo*ia ! disord]s ( ! ut]us3 ! poli%$ surface & /ony h>dness :i* s em95tly *>act]ise ! se$s ( ! ,li?osp]mum ,(fic9ale 7,common ,gromwell7 7 deem$ a c]ta9 indication ( _! efficacy 9 calcul\s & gravelly disord]s2 = a simil> reason ! roots ( ! ,saxifraga ,granulata 7,:ite ,saxifrage7 ga9$ reputation 9 ! cure ( ! same disease2 & ! ,euphrasia 7,eye-bright7 acquir$ fame1 z an application 9 compla9ts ( ! eye1 because x exhibits a black spot 9 its corolla resembl+ ! pupil4 ,9 ! curi\s "w ( ,*ryso/om ,magn5us1 we meet ) a :imsical acc\nt ( ! ,signature ( ,tobacco4 8,9 ! fir/ place10 says he1 8! mann] 9 :i* ! fl[]s adh]e to ! head ( ! plant indicates ! ,infundibulum ,c]ebri1 & ,pituit>y ,gl&4 ,9 ! next place1 ! ?ree membranes ( :i* its leaves are compos$ ann\nce _! value to ! /oma* :i* has ?ree membranes40#ej ,! blood-/one1 ! ,heliotropium ( ! anci5ts1 f ! occasional small specks or po9ts ( a blood r$ col\r exhibit$ on its gre5 surface1 is ev5 at ?is day employ$ 9 _m p>ts ( ,engl& & ,scotl&1 to /op a ble$+ f ! nose2 & nettle-tea cont9ues a popul> rem$y = ! cure ( ,urtic>ia4 ,x is also ass]t$ t "s sub/ances be> ! ,,signatures ( ! hum\rs1 z ! petals ( ! r$ rose t ( ! blood1 & ! roots ( rhub>b & ! fl[]s ( saffron1 t ( ! bile4#ea ,i appreh5d t ,john ( ,gaddesd51 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 celebrat$ by ,*auc]1 mu/ h be5 direct$ by "s remote analogy ( ?is k9d1 :5 he ord]$ ! son ( ,edw>d ! ,fir/1 :o 0 dang]\sly ill ) ! small-pox1 to be wrapp$ 9 sc>let clo?1 z well z all ^? :o att5d$ ^u him1 or came into 8 pres5ce1 & ev5 ! b$ & room 9 :i* he 0 laid 7 cov]$ ) ! same drap]y2 & s completely did x answ]1 say ! cr$ul\s hi/orians ( t day1 t ! ,pr9ce 0 cur$ )\t hav+ s mu* z a s+le m>k left ^u him4 ,9 enum]at+ ! conceits ( ,physic1 z relat+ to ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 we mu/ n pass ov] ! idea1 s preval5t at "o p]iod1 t all poison\s sub/ances possess a p[]ful & mutual elective attraction = ea* o!r2 & t consequ5tly1 if a sub/ance ( ?is k9d 7 susp5d$ ar\nd ! neck1 x w\ld1 by int]cept+ & absorb+ e noxi\s p>ticle1 pres]ve ! body f ! virul5ce ( contagi\s matt]4 ,angelus ,sala1 accord+ly1 gives u a =mula = :at he t]ms 8 ,magnes ,ars5icalis1 :i* he ass]ts w n only def5d ! body f ! influ5ce ( poison1 b w1 f its p[]s ( attraction1 draw out ! v5om f an infect$ p]son4 ,9 ! celebrat$ plague ( ,london1 we are in=m$ t amulets ( ars5ic 7 ^u ?is pr9ciple susp5d$ ov] ! region ( ! he>t1 z a pres]vative aga9/ infection4 ,!re is yet to be m5tion$ ano!r absurd conceit :i* long exi/$ respect+ ! subject ( ,antidotes1--a belief t e natural poison c>ri$ )9 itself its own antidote2 ?us we le>n f ! writ+s ( ,dioscorides1 ,gal51 & ,pl9y1 t ! virus ( ! ,can?>is ,vesicatoria exi/$ 9 ! body ( ! fly1 & t ! head1 feet1 & w+s1 conta9$ its antidote2 = ! same pot5t reason 7 ! hairs ( ! rabid dog e/eem$ ! true specific = ,hydrophobia4#eb ,,devotion ,,to ,,au?ority1 ,,& ,,e/abli%$ ,,r\t9e4 ,?is has always be5 ! means ( oppos+ ! progress ( reason--! advancem5t ( natural tru?s--& ! prosecution ( new discov]ies2 :il/1 ) effects no less baneful1 has x p]petuat$ _m ( ! /up5d\s errors :i* h be5 already enum]at$1 z well z o!rs no less weighty1 & :i* are res]v$ = future discussion4 ,to give g5]al curr5cy to an hypo!tical op9ion1 or m$ic9al reputation to an in]t sub/ance1 requires only ! talismanic aid ( a few great names2 :5 once e/abli%$ ^u su* a basis1 +5uity1 argum5t1 & ev5 exp]im5t1 may op5 _! ineffectual batt]ies4 ,! laconic s5tim5t ( ! ,roman ,satiri/ is ev] oppos$ to our remon/rance--8,m>cus dixit8--ita e/40 8,did ,m>cus say 'twas fact8 !n fact x is1 ,no pro( s valid z a ^w ( 840 ,a physician _c err1 9 ! op9ion ( ! public1 if he implicitly obeys ! dogmas ( au?ority2 9 ! mo/ b>b>\s ages ( anci5t ,egypt1 he 0 puni%$ or rew>d$ accord+ to ! ext5t ( 8 success1 b to escape ! =m]1 x 0 only necess>y to %ew t an or?odox plan ( cure _h be5 foll[$1 su* z 0 prescrib$ 9 ! ackn[l$g$ writ+s ( ,h]mes4 ,x is an in/9ct 9 our nature to foll[ ! track po9t$ out by a few lead]s2 we are greg>i\s animals1 9 a moral z well z a physical s5se1 & we are addict$ to r\t9e1 because x is always easi] to foll[ ! op9ions ( o!rs ?an to reason & judge = ourselves4 8,! mass ( mank9d10 z ,dr4 ,paley obs]ves1 8act m f habit ?an reflection40 ,:at1 b su* a temp] c\ld h upheld ! prepo/]\s sy/em ( ,gal5 = m ?an ?irte5 c5turies2 & h enabl$ x to give univ]sal laws 9 m$ic9e to ,europe--,africa--& "p ( ,asia8#ec ,:at1 b au?ority1 c\ld h inspir$ a g5]al belief1 t ! sooty wa%+s ( ros9#ed w\ld act z an univ]sal rem$y8 ,:at1 b a bl9d devotion to au?ority1 or an insup]able atta*m5t to e/abli%$ cu/om & r\t9e1 c\ld h s long pres]v$ f oblivion ! absurd m$ic9es :i* ab\nd 9 our e>li] disp5satories8 = example1 ! 8,decoctum ad ,ict]icos10 ( ! ,ed9burgh ,college1 :i* nev] _h any o!r f\ndation ?an ! doctr9e ( signatures1 9 fav\r ( ! ,curcuma & ,*elidonium ,majus2#ee & x is only )9 a few ye>s1 t ! ,!riaca ,&roma*i1 9 its anci5t absurd =m1 has be5 dismiss$ f ! ,briti% ,ph>mocopia4#ef ,! ,,codex-,,m$icam5t>ius ( ,p>is1 rec5tly edit$1 /ill *]i%es ?is _m-head$#eg mon/] ( ph>macy1 9 all its pri/9e de=mity1 "u ! appropriate title ( 8,electu>ium ,opiatum ,poluph>macum40 ,x is1 h[ev]1 evid5tly indebt$ = ?is unexpect$ rescue f oblivion to a cause v remote f t :i* may be at fir/ imag9$2 n f any belief 9 its p[]s or reliance ^u its efficacy1 b f a dis9cl9ation to oppose ! torr5t ( popul> prejudice1 & to reject :at has be5 e/abli%$ by au?ority & sanction$ by "t4 ,= ! same reason1 & 9 violation ( _! bett] judgm5t1 ! editors h reta9$ ! absurd =mula ( ,die/ = ! prep>ation ( an extract ( opium2 :i*1 aft] direct+ v>i\s successive op]ations1 concludes by ord]+ ! decoction to be boil$ incessantly = six mon?s1 supply+ ! wa/e ( wat] at int]vals6 ,_m ( ! comp\nd =mul 9 ?is new ,,codex1 x is frankly all[$1 possess an unnecess>y & unmean+1 if n an injuri\s complexity2 & yet1 su* =ce has habit1 & s p>am\nt are ! v]ba magi/ri1 t ! editors are satisfi$ 9 di/+ui%+ ! m important +r$i5ts by pr9t+ !m 9 ,italics1 leav+ ! re/ to be suppli$ at ! :im & caprice ( ! disp5s]1 & ?us are ! gr& objects & use ( a national ,ph>macopia defeat$1 :i* %\ld above all ?+s insure uni=mity 9 ! /r5g? & composition ( its (fic9al prep>ations4 ,! same devotion to au?ority :i* induces u to reta9 an accu/om$ rem$y = p]t9acity1 w always oppose ! introduction ( a novel practice ) asp]ity1 unless inde$ x be support$ by au?ority ( /ill great] weight & consid]ation4 ,! hi/ory ( v>i\s articles ( diet & m$ic9e w prove 9 a /rik+ mann]1 h[ greatly _! reputation & fate h dep5d$ ^u au?ority4 ,x 0 n until _m ye>s aft] ,ipecacuan _h be5 import$ into ,europe1 t ,helvetius1 "u ! patronage ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 succe$$ 9 introduc+ x into practice3 & to ! eulogy ( ,ka?>9e1 que5 ( ,*>les ,,ii4 we are indebt$ = ! g5]al introduction ( ,tea into ,engl&4#eh ,t mo/ extraord9>y plant1#ei ,tobacco1 not)/&+ its p[]s ( fasc9ation1 has suff]$ romantic vicissitudes 9 its fame & "*2 x has be5 successively oppos$1 & comm5d$ by physicians--condemn$1 & eulogis$ by prie/s & k+s--& proscrib$1 & protect$ by gov]nm5ts2 :il/ at l5g? ?is once insignificant production ( a little isl&1 or an obscure di/rict1 has succe$$ 9 diffus+ itself ?r\gh e climate1 & 9 subject+ ! inhabitants ( e c\ntry to its dom9ion4 ,! ,arab cultivates x 9 ! burn+ des]t--,! ,lapl&] & ,esquimaux risk _! lives to procure a refre%m5t s delici\s 9 _! w9try solitude--! ,seaman1 grant him b ?is luxury1 & he w endure ) *e]fulness e o!r privation1 & defy ! fury ( ! rag+ elem5ts2 & 9 ! high] walks ( civiliz$ society1 at ! %r9e ( fa%ion1 9 ! palace1 & 9 ! cottage1 ! fasc9at+ influ5ce ( ?is s+ul> plant comm&s an equal tribute ( devotion & atta*m5t4 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,potatoe is p]haps n less extraord9>y1 & is /rik+ly illu/rative ( ! omnipot5t influ5ce ( au?ority2 ! introduction ( ?is valuable plant receiv$1 = m ?an two c5turies1 an unexampl$ opposition f vulg> prejudice1 :i* all ! philosophy ( ! age 0 unable to dissipate1 until ,l\is ! ,x,vth wore a bun* ( ! fl[]s ( ! potatoe 9 ! mid/ ( 8 c\rt1 on a day ( fe/ivity2 ! p !n = ! fir/ "t obsequi\sly ackn[l$g$ its utility1 & v5tur$ to express _! a/oni%m5t at ! apa?y :i* _h s long prevail$ ) reg>d to its g5]al cultivation2 t :i* au?ority ?us e/abli%$1 "t & exp]i5ce h fully ratifi$1 & sci5tific rese>* has ext5d$ ! num]\s res\rces :i* ?is plant is s wond]fully calculat$ to furni%2 ?us1 its /alk1 consid]$ z a textile plant1 produces 9 ,au/ria a cottony flax--9 ,sw$51 sug> is extract$ f its root--by combu/ion its diff]5t p>ts yield a v consid]able quantity ( potass1--its apples1 :5 ripe1 f]m5t & yield v9eg> by exposure1 or _s by di/illation--its tub]cles made into a pulp1 are a sub/itute = soap 9 blea*+1--cook$ by /eam1 ! potatoe is ! mo/ :olesome & nutriti\s1 &1 at ! same "t1 ! mo/ economical ( all vegetable alim5ts4#fj--;by diff]5t manipulations x furni%es two k9ds ( fl\r1 a gruel1 & a p>5*yma1 :i* 9 times ( sc>city may be made into bread1 or appli$ to increase ! bulk ( bread made f gra91--to ! invalid x furni%es bo? alim5t & m$ic9e2 its />* is n 9 ! lea/ inf]ior to ! ,indian arr[ root1 & ,dr4 ,la?am has lately %[n t an extract may be prep>$ f its leaves & fl[]s1 :i* possesses valuable prop]ties z an anodyne rem$y4#fa ,! hi/ory ( ! w>m ba?#fb pres5ts u ) ano!r curi\s in/ance ( ! vicissitudes to :i* ! reputation ( our valuable res\rces are s univ]sally expos$2 t :i* = s _m ages 0 e/eem$ ! greate/ luxury 9 heal?1#fc & ! mo/ efficaci\s rem$y 9 disease1 fell into total disrepute 9 ! reign ( ,augu/us1 = no o!r reason ?an because ,antonius ,musa _h cur$ ! ,emp]or ( a dang]\s malady by ! use ( ! cold ba?4 ,! mo/ frigid wat] t c\ld be procur$ 01 9 consequ5ce1 recomm5d$ on e occasion3 ?us ,horace1 9 8 epi/le to ,vala1 exclaims-- 8----,caput ac /oma*um suppon]e fontibus aud5t4 ,clus9is1 gabiosque petunt1 et frigida rura40--,epi/4 xv4 ,lib4 #a4 ,?is practice1 h[ev]1 0 doom$ b to an ephem]al popul>ity1 = al?\gh x _h re/or$ ! ,emp]or to heal?1 x %ortly aft]w>ds kill$ 8 nephew & son 9 law1 ,m>cellus2 an ev5t :i* at once depriv$ ! rem$y ( its cr$it1 & ! physician ( 8 popul>ity4 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,p]uvian ,b>k w\ld furni% a v curi\s illu/ration ( ! ov]be>+ influ5ce ( au?ority 9 giv+ celebrity to a m$ic9e1 or 9 depriv+ x ( t reputation to :i* its virtues entitle x4 ,?is h]oic rem$y 0 fir/ br\ght to ,spa9 9 ! ye> #afcb1 & we le>n f ,vill]obel t x rema9$ = sev5 ye>s 9 t c\ntry be=e any trial 0 made ( its p[]s1 a c]ta9 ecclesia/ic ( ,alcala be+ ! fir/ p]son 9 ,spa9 to :om x 0 adm9i/]$ 9 ! ye> #afci2 b ev5 at ?is p]iod its use 0 limit$1 & x w\ld h sunk into oblivion b = ! supreme p[] ( ! ,roman *ur*1 by ^: auspices x 0 enabl$ to ga9 a tempor>y triumph ov] ! passions & prejudices :i* oppos$ its introduction2 ,innoc5t ! ,t5?1 at ! int]cession ( ,c>d9al de ,lugo1 :o 0 =m]ly a ,spani% ,jesuit1 ord]$ t ! nature & effects ( x %\ld be duly exam9$1 & ^u be+ report$ z bo? innoc5t & salut>y1 x imm$iately rose into public notice2#fd its c>e]1 h[ev]1 0 sudd5ly /opp$ by its hav+ un=tunately fail$ 9 ! autumn ( #afeb to cure ,leopold1 ,ar*duke ( ,au/ria1 ( a ,qu>tan ,int]mitt5t2 ?is disappo9tm5t k9dl$ ! res5tm5t ( ! pr9ce's pr9cipal physician1 ,*ifletius1 :o publi%$ a viol5t philippic aga9/ ! virtues ( ,p]uvian ,b>k1 :i* s fom5t$ ! prejudices aga9/ its use1 t x _h ne>ly fall5 into total neglect & disrepute4 ,?us !re exi/s a fa%ion 9 m$ic9e1 z 9 ! o!r affairs ( life1 regulat$ by ! caprice & support$ by ! au?ority ( a few lead+ practition]s1 :i* has be5 frequ5tly ! occasion ( dismiss+ f practice valuable m$ic9es1 & ( sub/itut+ o!rs less c]ta9 9 _! effects & m que/ionable 9 _! nature4 ,z ye>s & fa%ions revolve1 s h ^! neglect$ rem$ies1 ea* 9 its turn1 ris5 aga9 into fav\r & notice1 :il/ old receipts1 l old almanacks1 are ab&on$ until ! p]iod may arrive1 t w once m adapt !m to ! _s & fa%ion ( ! times4 ,?us x happ5s t mo/ ( our 8,new ,discov]ies0 9 ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica h turn$ out to be no m ?an ! revival & adaptation ( anci5t practices4 ,9 ! la/ c5tury1 ! root ( ! ,aspidium ,filix1 ! ,male ,f]n1 0 retail$ z a secret no/rum by ,madame ,n\ffleur1 a ,fr5* empiric1 = ! cure ( tape worm2 ! secret 0 pur*as$ = a consid]able sum ( money by ,l\is ,,xv4 & ! physicians !n discov]$ t ! same rem$y _h be5 adm9i/]$ 9 t compla9t by ,gal54#fe ,! hi/ory ( popul> m$ic9es = ! cure ( ,g\t1 w also furni% u ) ample matt] = ! illu/ration ( ?is subject4 ,! celebrat$ ,duke ( ,portl&'s ,p[d] 0 no o!r ?an ! ,diac5taureon ( ,clius ,aurelianus1 or ! ,antidotos ex duobus ,c5taure g5]ibus ( tius1#ff ! receipt = :i* a fri5d ( 8 ,grace br\ght f ,switz]l&2 into :i* c\ntry x _h be5 probably introduc$ by ! e>ly m$ical writ]s1 :o _h transcrib$ its virtues f ! ,greek volumes soon aft] _! arrival into ! we/]n p>ts ( ,europe4 ,! active +r$i5t ( a no less celebrat$ rem$y = ! same disease1 ! ,eau ,m$ic9ale1#fg has be5 discov]$ to be ! ,col*icum ,autumnale or ,mead[ ,saffron2 ^u inve/igat+ ! prop]ties ( ?is m$ic9e1 x 0 obs]v$ t simil> effects 9 ! cure ( ! g\t 7 ascrib$ to a c]ta9 plant1 call$ ,h]modactyllus#fh by ,oribasius & tius1 b m p>ticul>ly by ,alex&] ( ,tralles1#fi a physician ( ,asia ,m9or 9 ! f\r? c5tury2 an inquiry 0 accord+ly in/itut$ aft] ?is unkn[n plant1 & ^u procur+ a specim5 ( x f ,con/ant9ople1 x 0 actually f\nd to be a species ( ,col*icum4 ,! use ( ,prussic acid 9 ! cure ( ,ph?isis1 :i* has be5 lately propos$ by ,dr4 ,maj5die1 & introduc$ into ! ,codex ,m$icam5t>ius ( ,p>is1 is little else ?an ! revival ( ! ,dut* practice 9 ?is compla9t2 = ,l9nu in=ms u1 9 ! f\r? volume ( 8 8,amnitates ,academic10 t di/ill$ ,laurel wat] 0 frequ5tly us$ 9 ,holl& = ! cure ( pulmon>y consumption4 ,! celebrat$ fev] p[d] ( ,dr4 ,james 0 evid5tly n 8 orig9al composition1 b an ,italian no/rum inv5t$ by a p]son ( ! "n ( ,lisle1 a receipt = ! prep>ation ( :i* is to be f\nd at l5g? 9 ,colborne's ,complete ,engli% ,disp5satory = ! ye> #agef4 ,! v>i\s secret prep>ations ( ,opium1 :i* h be5 extoll$ z ! inv5tion ( mod]n times1 may be recogniz$ 9 ! works ( anci5t au?ors2 = in/ance1 ,w$elius 9 8 ,opiologia describes an acetic solution2 & ! ,magi/]ium ( ,ludovicus1 z notic$ by ,etmull]1 0 a prep>ation made by dissolv+ ,opium 9 v9eg>1 & precipitat+ ) ,salt ( ,t>t>2#gj ,van ,helmont recomm5ds a prep>ation1 simil> to ! black drop1 "u ! title ( ,laudanum ,cydoniatum3 !n aga9 we h ,langelott's ,laudanum1 & ,le ,mort's 8,extract out ( ,ra9 wat]10 prep>ations :i* owe _! mildness to ! ab/raction ( ! res9\s elem5t ( opium4 ,! works ( ,glaub] conta9 acc\nts ( _m discov]ies t h be5 claim$ by ! *emi/s ( our own day2 he recomm5ds ! use ( muriatic acid 9 sea scurvy1 & describes an app>atus = its prep>ation exactly simil> to t :i* has be5 extoll$ z ! inv5tion ( ,wolff2 he also notices ! production ( ,pyro-acetic ,acid1 "u ! title ( 8,v9eg> ( ,wood10 s t ! fact ( ! id5tity ( ?is acid & ,v9eg>1 s lately ann\nc$ by ,vauquel9 z a ,new ,discov]y1 0 evid5tly kn[n to ,glaub] ne>ly two c5turies ago4 ,we h )9 ! la/ few ye>s he>d mu* ( ! efficacy ( ,h5bane fumigations 9 ! too?-a*e1 an application :i* may be easily %ewn to be ! revival only ( a v anci5t practice4#ga ,b :ile we might ?us proce$ to annul _m o!r claims = orig9ality1 we ought n to close our eyes to ! fallacies to :i* su* inve/igations are peculi>ly expos$4 ,no?+ is m easy ?an to inve/ ! d\btful s5t5ce ( an obscure au?or ) an int]pretation be/ adapt$ = ! support ( a fav\rite !ory1 & in/ances might be adduc$ :]e ! m$ical antiqu>ian#gb has by viol5ce & di/ortion =c$ ! mo/ contradictory passages into 8 s]vice2 treat+1 9 %ort1 ! oracles ( ,physic j z ,"l ,pet] treat$ 8 fa!r's w 9 ! ,tale ( a ,tub1--det]m9$ to discov] ! ^w 8,%\ld] ,knots10 he picks x out1 lett] by lett]1 & is ev5 at la/ oblig$ to sub/itute ,c = ,k 9 ! or?ography4 ,nor has ,fa%ion conf9$ h] baneful int]f]5ce to ! selection ( rem$ies2 %e has v5tur$ ev5 to decide ^u ! nature ( ,diseases1 & to *ange & modify _! appellations accord+ to ! :im & caprice by :i* %e is gov]n$4 ,! ,pr9cess1 aft]w>ds ,que5 ,anne1 0 subject to ,hypo*ondriacal attacks1 :i* h] ,physicians pron\nc$ to be ,sple51 ,vap\rs1 or ,hyp1 & recomm5d$ ,rawleigh's ,confection1 & ,pe>l ,cordial1 = its cure3 ?is circum/ance 0 suffici5t to r5d] bo? ! ,disease & ,rem$y fa%ionable2 no o!r compla9t 0 ev] he>d ( 9 ! prec9cts ( ! c\rt b t ( ! ,vap\rs1 nor any m$ic9e e/eem$ b t ( ,rawleigh4 ,"s ye>s aft]w>ds1 9 consequ5ce ( ,dr4 ,:ytt's publication on 8,n]v\s diseases10 a lady ( ,fa%ion 0 pron\nc$ to be ,n]v\s--! t]m became g5]al1 & ! disease fa%ionable2 & ,sple51 ,vap\rs1 & ,hyp 7 consign$ to oblivion3 ! reign ( ,n]v\s ,diseases1 h[ev]1 did n long cont9ue1 = a popul> "w appe>$ on ,bili>y ,concretions1 & all ! _w became bili\s4 ,we h n pati5ce to pursue ! hi/ory ( ^! follies2 a transi5t glance at ! ephem]al productions ( ! la/ tw5ty ye>s w\ld furni% a sad display ( ! v]satility ( m$ical op9ions1 & ( ! in/ability ( ! practice :i* has be5 f\nd$ ^u !m3 & !y w no d\bt furni% ! future hi/orian ) /rong & =cible illu/rations4 ,,! ,,assign+ ,,to ,,art ,,t ,,:i* ,,0 ,,! ,,effect ,,( ,,unassi/$ ,,nature1 ,,or ,,! ,,consequ5ce ,,( ,,incid5tal ,,*anges ,,( ,,habit1 ,,diet1 c4 ,our inability ^u all occasions to appreciate ! ef=ts ( nature 9 ! cure ( disease1 mu/ always r5d] our notions1 ) respect to ! p[]s ( art1 liable to num]\s errors & multipli$ deceptions4 ,no?+ is m natural1 & at ! same "t m errone\s1 ?an to attribute ! cure ( a disease to ! la/ m$ic9e t _h be5 employ$2 ! advocates ( amulets & *>ms#gc h ev5 be5 ?us enabl$ to appeal to ! te/imony ( :at !y call exp]i5ce1 9 ju/ification ( _! sup]/itions2 & cases :i*1 9 tru? & ju/ice1 ought to be consid]$ mo/ lucky escapes1 h be5 triumphantly pron\nc$ z skilful cures2 & ?us h m$ic9es & practition]s alike acquir$ unm]it$ praise1 or unju/ c5sure4 ,^u ,mrs4 ,/eph5s (f]+ h] rem$y = ! /one to ,p>liam5t1#gd a committee ( pr(essional m5 0 nom9at$ to asc]ta9 its efficacy2 a pati5t ) /one 0 select$1 & he took ! rem$y2 8 suff]+s 7 soon reliev$1 & ^u exam9+ ! bladd] 9 ! usual way1 no /one c\ld be felt1 x 0 !re=e agre$ t ! pati5t _h be5 cur$1 & t ! /one _h be5 dissolv$2 "s "t aft]w>ds ?is pati5t di$1 & on be+ op5$1 a l>ge /one 0 f\nd 9 a p\*1 =m$ by a "p ( ! bladd]1 & :i* communicat$ ) x4 ,:5 ! yell[ fev] rag$ 9 ,am]ica1 ! practition]s tru/$ exclusively to ! copi\s use ( m]cury2 at fir/1 ?is plan 0 deem$ s univ]sally efficaci\s1 t 9 ! en?usiasm ( ! mom5t1 x 0 triumphantly proclaim$ t dea? nev] took place aft] ! m]cury _h ev9c$ its effect ^u ! sy/em3 all ?is 0 v true1 b x furni%$ no pro( ( ! efficacy ( t metal1 s9ce ! disease1 9 its aggravat$ =m1 0 s rapid 9 its c>e]1 t x swept away its victims long be=e ! sy/em c\ld be br\ght "u m]curial influ5ce1 :ile 9 its mild] %ape x pass$ (f equally well )\t any assi/ance f art4 ,let u !n1 be=e we decree ! hon\rs ( a cure to a fav\rite m$ic9e1 c>efully & c&idly asc]ta9 ! exact circum/ances "u :i* x 0 exhibit$1 or we %all rapidly accumulate examples ( ! fallacies to :i* our art is expos$2 :at has be5 m common ?an to attribute to ! efficacy ( a m9]al wat]1 ^? =tunate *anges ( con/itution t h entirely or 9 great measure1 aris5 f salubrity ( situation1 hil>ity ( m9d1 ex]cise ( body1 & regul>ity ( habits1 :i* h incid5tally accompani$ its potation4 ,?us1 ! celebrat$ ,john ,wesley1 :ile he commemorates ! triumph ( #8,sulphur & ,supplication' ov] 8 bodily infirmity1 =gets to appreciate ! resuscitat+ influ5ce ( f\r mon?s repose f 8 apo/olic lab\rs2 & su* is ! disposition ( ! human m9d to place confid5ce 9 ! op]ation ( my/]i\s ag5ts1 t we f9d him m dispos$ to attribute 8 cure to a br[n pap] plai/] ( egg & brim/one1 ?an to ,dr4 ,fo!rgill's salut>y prescription ( c\ntry air1 re/1 asses milk1 & horse ex]cise4#ge ,! anci5t physicians duly appreciat$ ! influ5ce ( su* ag5ts2 _! temples1 l our wat]+ places1 7 ! resort ( ^? :om m$ic9e c\ld n cure1 & we are expressly told by ,plut>* t ^! temples1 especially t ( ,esculapius1 7 erect$ on elevat$ spots1 ) ! mo/ cong5ial aspects2 a circum/ance :i*1 :5 aid$ by ! invigorat+ effects ( hope1 by ! div]sions :i* ! pati5t exp]i5c$ 9 8 j\rney1 & p]haps by ! ex]cise to :i* he _h be5 unaccu/om$1 c]ta9ly p]=m$ _m cures4 ,x foll[s !n t 9 ! recomm5dation ( a wat]+ place1 some?+ m ?an ! composition ( a m9]al spr+ is to direct our *oice1--! *emi/ w tell u1 t ! spr+s ( ,hamp/ead & ,isl+ton rival ^? ( ,tunbridge & ,malv]n1 t ! wat]s ( ,bagnigge ,wells1 z a *alybeate purgative1 might sup]s$e ^? ( ,*elt5ham & ,sc>bor\gh1 & t an invalid w\ld frequ5t ! spr+ 9 ! vic9ity ( ! ,dog & ,duck1 9 ,/4 ,george's ,fields1 ) z mu* advantage z ! celebrat$ ,spa at ,leam+ton2 b ! physician is well aw>e t by ! adoption ( su* advice1 he w\ld deprive 8 pati5t ( ^? mo/ p[]ful auxili>ies to :i* ,i h allud$1 & above all1 lose ! advantages ( ! 8,m$ic9a ,m5tis40 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! recomm5dation ( *ange ( air & habits w r>ely inspire confid5ce1 unless x be associat$ ) "s m$ic9al treatm5t2 a tru? :i* x is m easy & satisfactory to elucidate & en=ce by examples ?an by precept--let ! foll[+ /ory by ,voltaire s]ve z an illu/ration4--8,ogul1 a voluptu>y :o c\ld be manag$ b ) difficulty by 8 physician1 on f9d+ himself extremely ill f indol5ce & intemp]ance1 reque/$ advice3--#8,eat a ,basilisk1 /ew$ 9 rose-wat]1' repli$ ! physician4 ,9 va9 did ! slaves se>* = a ,basilisk1 until !y met ) ,zadig1 :o1 approa*+ ,ogul1 exclaim$1 #8,behold t :i* ?\ desire/2' #8b1 my ,"l1' cont9u$ he1 #8x is n to be eat52 all its virtues mu/ ent] ?r\gh ?y pores1 ,i h !re=e enclos$ x 9 a little ball1 bl[n up1 & cov]$ ) a f9e sk92 ?\ mu/ /rike ?is ball ) all ?y might1 & ,i mu/ /rike x back aga91 = a consid]able "t1 & by obs]v+ ?is regim51 & tak+ no o!r dr9k ?an rose-wat] = a few days1 ?\ wilt see1 & ackn[l$ge ! effect ( my art4' ,! fir/ day ,ogul 0 out ( brea?1 & ?\ght he %\ld h di$ f fatigue2 ! second he 0 less fatigu$1 & slept bett]3 9 eight days he recov]$ all 8 /r5g?2 ,zadig !n said to him1 #8,!re is no su* ?+ 9 nature z a ,basilisk6 b ?\ ha/ tak5 ex]cise & be5 temp]ate1 & ha/ !re=e recov]$ ?y heal?6' ,b ! m$ical practition] may p]haps receive m satisfaction f a mod]n illu/ration2 if s1 ! foll[+ anecdote1 relat$ by ,syd5ham1 may n be unacceptable4 ,?is great physician hav+ long att5d$ a g5tleman ( =tune ) little or no advantage1 frankly av[$ 8 inability to r5d] him any f>!r s]vice1 add+ at ! same "t1 t !re 0 a physician ( ! "n ( ,rob9son1 at ,inv]ness1 :o _h di/+ui%$ himself by ! p]=mance ( _m rem>kable cures ( ! same compla9t z t "u :i* 8 pati5t lab\r$1 & express+ a conviction t1 if he appli$ to him1 he w\ld come back cur$4 ,?is 0 too enc\rag+ a proposal to be reject$2 ! g5tleman receiv$ f ,syd5ham a /atem5t ( 8 case1 ) ! necess>y lett] ( introduction1 & proce$$ )\t delay to ! place 9 "q4 ,on arriv+ at ,inv]ness1 & anxi\sly enquir+ = ! resid5ce ( ,dr4 ,rob9son1 he f\nd to 8 utt] dismay & disappo9tm5t1 t !re 0 no physician ( t "n1 nor ev] _h be5 9 ! memory ( any p]son !re4 ,! g5tleman return$1 v[+ et]nal ho/ility to ! peace ( ,syd5ham2 & on 8 arrival at home1 in/antly express$ 8 indignation at hav+ be5 s5t on a j\rney ( s _m hundr$ miles = no purpose4 8,well10 replies ,syd5ham1 8are y bett] 9 heal?80--8,yes1 ,i am n[ q well1 b no ?anks to y10--8,no10 says ,syd5ham1 8b y may ?ank ,dr4 ,rob9son = cur+ y4 ,i wi%$ to s5d y a j\rney ) "s object ( int]e/ 9 view2 ,i knew x w\ld be ( s]vice to y2 9 go+ y _h ,dr4 ,rob9son & 8 wond]ful cures 9 contemplation2 & 9 return+1 y 7 equally engag$ 9 ?9k+ ( scold+ me40 ,,ambiguity ,,( ,,nom5clature4 ,x has be5 already /at$ t we are to a great degree ignorant ( ! ,simples us$ by ! anci5t ,physicians2 we are (t5 q unable to det]m9e :at ! plants are ( :i* ,dioscorides treats4 ,x does n appe> t out ( ! #gjj plants ( :i* 8 ,mat]ia ,m$ica consi/s1 t m ?an #djj are correctly asc]ta9$2 & yet no lab\r has be5 sp>$ to cle> ! subject ( its difficulties2 ,cull5 ev5 lam5ts t s mu* pa9s %\ld h be5 be/[$ ^u s b>r5 an occasion4#gf ,! e>ly hi/ory ( botany pres5ts u ) su* a *aos ( nom5clature1 t x mu/ h be5 impossible = ! h]b>i/ & physician to h communicat$ _! mutual lights2 e "o 0 occupi$ ) disputes ^u words & names1 & e useful inquiry 0 susp5d$1 f an inability to decide :at plant ea* au?or int5d$2 ?us1 = in/ance1 ! ,h]ba ,britannica ( ,dioscorides & ,pl9y1 s celebrat$ = ! cure ( ! soldi]s ( ,julius ,cs> on ! ,rh9e1 ( a disease call$ #8,scelotyrbe'1 & suppos$ to resemble our sea scurvy1 rema9s q unkn[n1 not)/&+ ! lab\rs ( our mo/ intellig5t comm5tators4#gg ,x seems also v d\btful :e!r ! plant :i* we d5om9ate ,hemlock 0 ! poison usually adm9i/]$ at ! ,a!nian executions1#gh & :i* depriv$ ,socrates & ,phocion ( life4 ,pl9y in=ms u t ! ^w ,cicuta1 among/ ! anci5ts1 0 n indicative ( any p>ticul> species ( plant1 b ( vegetable poisons 9 g5]al2 ?is is a circum/ance to :i* ,i am p>ticul>ly anxi\s to fix y\r att5tion2 x is by no means uncommon to f9d a ^w :i* is us$ to express g5]al *>act]s1 subsequ5tly become ! "n ( a specific sub/ance 9 :i* su* *>act]s are pr$om9ant2 & we %all f9d t "s important anomalies 9 nom5clature may be ?us expla9$4 ,! t]m #81' f :i* ! ^w ,ars5ic is d]iv$1 0 an anci5t epi!t1 appli$ to ^? natural sub/ances :i* possess$ /rong & acrimoni\s prop]ties1 & z ! poison\s quality ( ars5ic 0 f\nd to be rem>kably p[]ful1 ! t]m 0 especially appli$ to ,orpim5t1 ! =m 9 :i* ?is metal m usually occurr$4 ,s ! t]m ,v]b5a 7quasi ,heb5a7 orig9ally d5ot$ all ^? h]bs t 7 held sacr$ on acc\nt ( _! be+ employ$ 9 ! rites ( sacrifice1 z we le>n f ! poets2#gi b z "o h]b 0 usually adopt$ ^u ^! occasions1 ! ^w ,v]b5a came to d5ote t p>ticul> h]b only1 & x is transmitt$ to u to ?is day "u ! same title1 viz4 ,v]b5a1 or ,v]va91 & inde$ until lately x enjoy$ ! m$ical reputation :i* its sacr$ orig9 conf]r$ ^u x1 = x 0 worn susp5d$ ar\nd ! neck z an amulet4 ,vitriol1 9 ! orig9al application ( ! ^w1 d5ot$ any cry/all9e body ) a c]ta9 degree ( transp>5cy 7,vitrum72 x is h>dly necess>y to obs]ve t ! t]m is n[ appropriat$ to a p>ticul> species3 9 ! same mann]1 ,b>k1 :i* is a g5]al t]m1 is appli$ to express "o g5us1 & by way ( em95ce1 x has ! article1 ,!1 prefix$1 z ,! ,b>k3 ! same obs]vation w apply to ! ^w ,opium1 :i* 9 its primitive s5se signifies any juice 7 ,succus7 :ile x n[ only d5otes "o species1 viz4 t ( ! ,poppy4 ,s aga91 ,elat]ium 0 us$ by ,hippocrates1 to signify v>i\s int]nal applications1 especially purgatives ( a viol5t & dra/ic nature 7f ! ^w #81' agito1 moveo1 /imulo71 b by succe$+ au?ors x 0 exclusively appli$ to d5ote ! active matt] :i* subsides f ! juice ( ! wild cucumb]4 ,! ^w ,fecula1 aga91 orig9ally meant to imply any sub/ance :i* 0 d]iv$ by spontane\s subsid5ce f a liquid1 7f fx1 ! gr\nds or settlem5t ( any liquor72 aft]w>ds x 0 appli$ to ,/>*1 :i* is deposit$ 9 ?is mann] by agitat+ ! fl\r ( :eat 9 wat]2 & la/ly1 x has be5 appli$ to a peculi> vegetable pr9ciple1 :i* l />*#hj is insoluble 9 cold1 b completely soluble 9 boil+ wat]1 ) :i* x =ms a gelat9\s solution2 ?is indef9ite mean+ ( ! ^w fecula has creat$ num]\s mi/akes 9 ph>maceutic *emi/ry2 ,elat]ium1 = in/ance1 is said to be a fecula1 & 9 ! orig9al s5se ( ! ^w x is prop]ly s call$1 inasmu* z x is procur$ f a vegetable juice by spontane\s subsid5ce1 b 9 ! limit$ & mod]n acceptation ( ! t]m1 x conveys an errone\s idea2 = in/ead ( ! active pr9ciple ( ! juice resid+ 9 fecula1 x is a peculi> proximate pr9ciple1 sui g5]is1 to :i* ,i h v5tur$ to be/[ ! "n ( ,elat94 ,= ! same reason1 mu* d\bt & obscurity involve ! mean+ ( ! ^w ,extract1 because x is appli$ g5]ally to any sub/ance obta9$ by ! evaporation ( a vegetable solution1 & specifically to a peculi> proximate pr9ciple1 possess$ ( c]ta9 *>act]s1 by :i* x is di/+ui%$ f e o!r elem5t>y body--,see ,extracta4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we f9d t _m words :i* 7 orig9ally only us$ to d5ote p>ticul> sub/ances1 h1 at l5g?1 become subs]vi5t to ! expression ( ,g5]al ,*>act]s2 ?us ! t]m ,alkali1 9 its orig9ally s5se1 signifi$ t p>ticul> residuum :i* 0 alone obta9$ by lixiviat+ ! a%es ( ! plant nam$ ,kali1 b ! ^w is n[ s g5]aliz$ t x d5otes any body possess$ ( a c]ta9 numb] ( def9ite prop]ties4 ,ano!r s\rce ( botanical ambiguity & error is ! circum/ance ( c]ta9 plants hav+ acquir$ ! names ( o!rs v diff]5t 9 _! nature1 b :i* 7 suppos$ to possess a simil>ity 9 ext]nal "*2 ?us our ,,potatoe1#ha 7,solanum ,tub]osum7 :5 x 0 fir/ import$ into ,engl& by ! coloni/s 9 ! reign ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 ga9$ its appellation f its suppos$ resemblance to an escul5t vegetable at t "t 9 common use1 "u ! "n ( ! ,sweet ,potatoe 7,convolvulus ,battatas17 & :i*1 l ,er+o ,root1 _h ! reputation ( be+ able to re/ore decay$ vig\r1 ?us ,fal/aff-- 8,let ! sky ra9 ,potatoes1 hail kiss+ ,comfits1 & sn[ ,er+oes40 ,m]ry ,wives ( ,w9dsor1 ,act #e1 ,sc5e #e4 ,a simil> in/ance is pres5t$ to u 9 ! cul9>y vegetable well kn[n "u ! "n ( ! ,,j]usalem ,,arti*oke1 :i* d]iv$ its appellation 9 consequ5ce ( its flav\r hav+ be5 consid]$ l t ( ! common arti*oke2 x is h>dly necess>y to obs]ve t x has no botanic relation :atev] to su* a plant1 x be+ an ,heliotrope 7,heliotropium ,tub]osum71 ! epi!t ,j]usalem is a curi\s corruption ( ! ,italian t]m ,gira-,sole1 t is1 turn-sun1 9 ,engli%1 or ,heliotrope 9 ,greek4 ,?is in/ance ( v]bal corruption is n solit>y 9 m$ical botany2 ,,ca/or ,,oil w sugge/ itself z ano!r example2 ?is oil1 f its suppos$ efficacy 9 cur+ & assuag+ ! unnatural heat ( ! body1 & 9 soo?+ ! passions1 0 call$ by ! ,fr5* ,agnus ,ca/us1 :5ce ! inhabitants ( ,/4 ,kitt's 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 :o 7 =m]ly bl5d$ ) ! ,fr5* 9 t ,isl&1 call$ x ,ca/or oil4 ,9 "s cases aga91 a plant has receiv$ a mod]n "n1 comp\nd$ ( two anci5t ones2 x appe>s f ,pl9y t ! ,ass>um 0 n uncommonly conf\nd$ ) ! ,bac*>is2 an ,engli% "n 0 accord+ly be/[$ ^u x1 :i* is a curi\s compromise ( ! "q1 = x is a comp\nd ( bo?1 viz4 ,ass>a-bacca4 ,9 "s in/ances ! mo/ al>m+ mi/akes h occurr$ f sub/ances ( a v diff]5t nature hav+ be5 m5tion$ "u simil> names1 ,ars5ic = in/ance1 has actually be5 inhal$1#hb toge!r ) ! vap\rs ( ,frank9c5se1 ,myrrh1 & ^? ( o!r gums1 dur+ a p>oxysm ( ,a/hma6 a practice :i* arose f ! practition] hav+ conf\nd$ ! ,gum ,junip]1 or ,v]nix ( ! ,arabians1 :i* 0 prescrib$ = fumigations "u ! "n ( ,s&>a*1 ) ! ( ,ari/otle1 & :i* 0 a sulph]et ( ,ars5ic4 ,! gum :i* we "k at ! pres5t day "u ! "n ( ,sanguis ,draconis1 or ,dragon's blood1 0 call$ by ! anci5t ,greeks 1 a t]m :i* has be5 incorrectly transf]r$ to a ,sulphuret ( ,m]cury1 = no o!r reason ?an because ?is m9]al has ! same r$ col\r z ! gum4 ,! advanc$ /ate ( ,,botanical ,,sci5ce w n[ prev5t ! recurr5ce ( ^? d\bts & difficulties :i* h =m]ly emb>rass$ ! hi/ory ( vegetable rem$ies1 by furni%+ a /rictly philosophical language1 indep5d5t ( all !ory1 & f\nd$ ^u natural /ructure1 & !re=e necess>ily beyond ! contr\l ( op9ion2 :ile ! advancem5t ( *emical k1 by enabl+ u bett] to di/+ui% & id5tify ! diff]5t sub/ances we employ1 w also mat]ially assi/ 9 prev5t+ ! confusion :i* has =m]ly oppress$ u4 ,at ! same "t1 ,i am unwill+ to jo9 9 ! comm5dations s lib]ally be/[$ ^u our *emical nom5clature2 nay1 ,i am dispos$ to consid] x z a matt] ( regret t ! names ( our m$ic9al comp\nds %\ld h any relation to _! *emical composition1 = 9 ! pres5t unsettl$ /ate ( ?is sci5ce1 su* a language mu/ necess>ily convey !ory in/ead ( tru?1 & op9ions r ?an facts2 9 %ort1 x places u at ! m]cy & disposal ( e new hypo!sis1 :i* may lay our boa/$ fabric 9 ru9s1 & 9 its place raise ano!r sup]/ructure1 equally frail 9 its mat]ials & ephem]al 9 its duration3 ?us ,,corrosive ,,sublimate 0 a muriate ( ,m]cury1 or an oxy-muriate1 until ,sir ,h4 ,davy e/abli%$ 8 new !ory ( *lor9e1 & !n x became a bi-*loride2 at "s future p]iod1 ,*lor9e w be f\nd to be a comp\nd1 & !n x mu/ h ano!r "n2 = ! same reason ! t]m ,,calomel1#hc is surely to be pref]r$ to sub-muriate1 or ,*loride4 ,,t>t>iz$ ,,antimony1 aga91 has be5 call$ by our nom5clatural re=m]s ! ,t>trate ( ,antimony & ,potass2 b is x a triple comp\nd8 ,gay ,lussac ?9ks n1 & consid]s x z a comb9ation1 9 :i* ,cream ( ,t>t> acts ! "p ( a simple acid4 ,aga91--we h only to rev]t to ! nom5clature ( ! ,salts 9 our ,mat]ia ,m$ica to discov] ! actual *ange 9 mean+ :i* ! same ^w has und]gone 9 a v few ye>s4 ,x 0 orig9ally und]/ood t ! t]m ,sub1 :5 prefix$ to ! g5]ic "n ( a ,salt1 indicat$ ! pres5ce ( c]ta9 qualities dep5d+ ^u an excess ( base2 b n[1 =soo?1 ! t]m has ref]5ce only to atomic composition1 )\t any reg>d to qualities4#hd ,t salt alone be+ ackn[l$g$ z a true ,sub-salt1 9 :i* !re is less ?an "o atom ( acid to ea* atom ( base2 ?us our 8,sub-c>bonate ( ,soda10 is no long] consid]$ a ,sub-salt1 = ! reason above /at$2 & not)/&+ ! pr$om9ance ( its alkal9e *>act]s1 x is kn[n to *emi/s by ! appellation ( ,c>bonate ( soda4 ,x is f> f my int5tion to "q ! propriety ( ^! *anges1 ,i only ma9ta9 t1 amid/ su* *emical d\bts1 ! ,ph>maceuti/ is ! la/ p]son :o %\ld become arbit]2 let him await ! issue 9 unobtrusive sil5ce1 & take c>e t ! language ( ,ph>macy p>takes ( ! same neutrality4 ,su* 0 ! feel+ ( ! ,committee appo9t$ by ! ,college = ! revision ( ! late ,london ,ph>macopia1 & x suffici5tly expla9s :y ! nom5clature ( ! alkal9e salts has be5 left un*ang$ 9 ! pres5t edition ( t "w4 ,! ,fr5*1 9 _! new ,codex1 are absurdly extravagant 9 _! application ( *emical nom5clature2 ?us1 ! sub-c>bonate ( potass is call$ by !m sub-deuto-c>bonas potassii4 ,! fir/ "p ( ?is quadruple "n indicates ! comp>ative quantity ( acid 9 ! salt1 ! second t ( oxyg5 conta9$ 9 ! base1 ! ?ud ann\nces ! acid1 & ! f\r? ! basis ( ! base6 ,,! ,,progress ,,( ,,botanical ,,sci5ce4 ,x has be5 j /at$1 t we h d]iv$ f botanical sci5ce a philosophical language :i* enables u to describe ! /ructure & habits ( any plant1 ) a lum9\s brevity & an un]r+ p]spicuity2 b we are moreov] indebt$ to botany = ano!r s]vice no less important to ! successful inve/igation ( ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica1--t ( ?r[+ into well def9$ gr\ps1 ^? plants :i* possess obvi\s natural aff9ities1 & :i* w be f\nd at ! same "t to pres5t c]ta9 m$ic9al analogies2 inde$1 z a g5]al rule1 we may admit ! axiom1 8,qu g5]e conv5iunt1 virtute conv5iunt40#he ,! ,umbellif] :i* gr[ on dry gr\nd are aromatic1 :il/ ! aquatic species are among ! mo/ deadly poisons4 ,! ,cruci=m plants are aromatic & acrid 9 _! nature1 conta9+ ess5tial oils1 7h5ce ! peculi> smell ( cabbage-wat]1 c47 :i* are obta9able by di/illation2 & ,l9nu ass]ts t 8among all ! ,legum9\s or ,papilionace\s tribe !re is no delet]i\s plant to be f\nd30 ?is h[ev] is n exactly true4 ,"s ( ! individuals 9 ^! natural ord]s1 al?\gh v ne>ly relat$1 d nev]!less possess v>i\s1 & ev5 opposite qualities2 9 ! legum9\s tribe above m5tion$1 :i* is z consi/5t z any "o we possess1 we h ! ,cytisus ,laburnum1 ! se$s ( :i* are viol5tly emetic1 & ^? ( ,la?yrus ,sativus1 :i* h be5 suppos$ at ,flor5ce to s(t5 ! bones & cause dea?4 ,9 ! subdivision ( a g5us !re is (t5 a rem>kable diff]5ce 9 ! prop]ties ( ! species2 !re are1 = in/ance1 ,solanums1 ,lettuces1 ,cucumb]s1 & ,mu%rooms1 bo? escul5t & poison\s4 ,! ,digitalis or ,foxglove1 & ! ,v]bascum1 or common ,mulle9 ( our fields1 are includ$ 9 ! same ,natural family1 & yet ! "o is z active1 z ! o!r is mild 9 its effects2 ! plants ( ! natural family ( ,contort ab\nd ) a highly acrid milky juice1 b ,dr4 ,afzelius met ) a %rub ( ?is ord] at ,si]ra ,leone1 ! milk ( ^: fruit 0 s sweet1 z well z copi\s1 z to be us$ in/ead ( cream = tea2 ?is is c]ta9ly :at no "o c\ld h guess$ f analogy4 ,! same individual w v>y f culture or o!r circum/ances1 z mu* z any two plants :i* h no botanic aff9ity2 ! ,*amomile1 ,an!mis ,nobilis1 ) :i* we are well acqua9t$1 may h its :ole disk *ang$ by cultivation1 to ligulate :ite florets1 de/itute ( m$ic9al prop]ties4 ,b1 :at is m emb>rass+1 ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! same plant h (t5 v diff]5t p[]s2 a fact :i* is beautifully exemplifi$ 9 ! ,podophyllum ,peltatum1 or ,may ,apple1 ! leaves ( :i* are poison\s1 ! root p[]fully ca?>tic1 & ! fruit agreeably escul5t2 s ! leaves ( ! ,jatropa ,manihot are employ$ z a common escul5t1 :ile its root secretes a mo/ virul5t poison2 b we ne$ n seek fur!r = an example ?an ! fruit ( ! ,lemon1 ! juice ( :i* is acid1 its se$s bitt]1 & its r9d aromatic2 9 "s in/ances x happ5s t ! en]gy ( a plant is conc5trat$ 9 "o p>ticul> "p1 & t all ! re/ is absolutely in]t2 ?us1 ! root ( ! ,convolvulus ,scammonia1 is ! only portion ( t plant :i* possesses any m$ic9al quality2#hf & ! tree :i* yields ! dra/ic ,camboge1 pres5ts at ! same "t an escul5t fruit1 :i* is eat5 by ! natives ) z mu* impunity z ! orange2 yet1 not)/&+ all ^! difficulties1 botany is capable ( furni%+ u ) analogies :i* w lead to important conclusions ) respect to ! m$ic9al prop]ties ( diff]5t vegetables4 ,! sy/em ( ,l9nu1 al?\gh 9 a great degree artificial1 corresponds 9 a surpris+ mann] ) ! natural prop]ties ( plants2 ?us a plant ^: calyx is a d\ble valv$ glume1 ) ?ree /am9a1 two pi/ils1 & "o nak$ se$1 be>s se$s ( a f>9ace\s & nutriti\s quality2 a fl[] ) twelve1 or m /am9a1 all ( :i* are ins]t$ 9 ! int]nal side ( ! calyx1 w furni% a :olesome fruit2 :]eas a plant ^: fl[] has five /am9a1 "o pi/il1 "o petal1 & ^: fruit is ( ! b]ry k9d1 may at once be pron\nc$ z poison\s4 ,x is also 9 a great degree true t ! s5sible qualities ( plants1 su* z col\r1 ta/e1 & smell1 h an intimate relation to _! prop]ties1 & may (t5 lead by analogy to an indication ( _! p[]s2 we h an example ( ?is 9 ! d>k & gloomy aspect ( ! ,lurid1 :i* is indicative ( _! n>cotic & v dang]\s qualities1 z ,datura1 ,hyoscyamus1 ,atropa1 & ,nicotiana4 ,col\r is c]ta9ly 9 _m cases a te/ ( activity2 ! deepe/ col\r$ fl[]s ( ! ,digitalis1 = example1 are ! mo/ active1 & :5 ! leaves ( p[]ful plants lose _! gre5 hue1 we may conclude t a correspond+ det]ioration has tak5 place ) respect to _! virtues2 b ,l9nu ascrib$ too mu* importance to su* an indication1 & 8 aphorisms are unsupport$ by facts2 = in/ance1 he says 8,color pallidus insipidum1 viridis crudum1 luteus am>um1 rub] acidum1 albus dulce1 nig] +ratum1 indicat40#hg ,a peculi> heavy od\r1 :i* is well kn[n1 b is ) difficulty def9$1 is a sure indication ( n>cotic prop]ties4 ,bitt]ness1 :5 n extreme1 d5otes a tonic quality1 :i* w /imulate ! /oma* & inte/9es1 & promote ! process ( dige/ion4 ,:5 ! bitt]ness is m int5se & pung5t1#hh z 9 ,aloes1 ,colocyn?1 c4 we may inf] t su* sub/ances w produce a m active effect ^u ! prim vi1 & t ca?>sis w foll[ _! adm9i/ration4 ,botanical1 l human physiognomy1 may frequ5tly af=d an insight into "*1 b x is v (t5 a fallaci\s index4 ,) reg>d to ! indications ( ,smell & ,ta/e1 x may be obs]v$ t 9 ! exam9ation ( an unkn[n sub/ance we in/9ctively apply to ^! s5ses = in=mation respect+ its prop]ties4 ,x is c]ta9ly reasonable to suppose1 t ^? bodies :i* produce ^u ! organs ( ta/e a s5sible1 a/r+5t1 or pung5t effect1 may occasion an impression1 correspond+ 9 degree ^u ! /oma* or inte/9es1 :i* are b an ext5sion ( ! same /ructure4 ,b :at num]\s exceptions are !re to su* a law8 nay1 "s ( ! mo/ poison\s sub/ances affect 9 a v slight degree ! organs ( ta/e1 especially ^? t belong to ! m9]al k+dom1 z ,ars5i\s ,acid1 ,oxyd ( ,antimony1 ,calomel1 c42 yet "s ( ^! are1 p]haps1 b app>5t exceptions1 dep5d+ ^u ! degree ( solubility :i* !y possess1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* _! en]gies are n develop$ until !y h trav]s$ a consid]able portion ( muc\s surface4 ,nor ought x to be =gott51 t cultivation & artificial habits may h blunt$ ! natural susceptibility ( our organs1 & 9 "s in/ances *ang$ & deprav$ _! functions3 c]ta9 qualities = in/ance are s /rongly connect$ ) ea* o!r by ! *a9 ( association1 t by pres5t+ only "o to ! m9d1 ! o!r l9ks foll[ 9 succession4#hi ,x has be5 rem>k$1 t p]sons 9 social life1 are m affect$ by vegetable od\rs1 :ile ! ,savage smells bett] ! putrid & ftid exhalations ( animal bodies3#ij ?us ! p ( ,kamskat*a1 did n smell ! p]fume ( a vegetable ,ess5ce 7,aqua ,meliss17 b !y discov]$ by _! olfactory s5se1 a rott5 fi%1 or a /r&$ :ale at a consid]able di/ance4#ia ,!re is no s5se m "u ! dom9ion ( imag9ation1 or m liable to be p]v]t$ by education1 ?an ^? ( ta/e & smell2 we are also liable to =m unju/ prejudices f ! indications ( col\r2 = p>ticul> col\rs1 f ! influ5ce ( hidd5 associations1 are n unfrequ5tly ! excit+ cause ( agreeable or unpleasant impressions4 ,i h met ) a p]son :o reg>ds gre5 food1 if x be ( an animal nature1 ) unconqu]able av]sion & disgu/1 inde$ an idea ( un:olesom5ess has n unfrequ5tly be5 atta*$ to ?is col\r1 )\t ! lea/ f\ndation ( tru?2 ! bones ( ! ,g> fi%1 or ,sea ,ne$le1 7,esox ,helone17 h be5 deem$ un:olesome f ! circum/ance ( _! turn+ gre5 on be+ boil$1 al?\gh n a s+le in/ance c be adduc$ 9 :i* t fi% ev] occasion$ any h>m4 ,i h met ) p]sons :o h be5 made viol5tly sick f eat+ ! gre5 "p ( ! oy/]2#ib an effect :i* c h no o!r cause ?an t ( unju/ prejudice2 ^! examples are suffici5t to %ew1 ) :at caution su* indications respect+ ! m$ic9al qualities ( bodies are to be receiv$4 ,,! ,,application ,,& ,,misapplication ,,( ,,*emical ,,sci5ce4 ,among/ ! rese>*es ( diff]5t au?ors1 :o1 animat$ ) a sacr$ zeal = anci5t le>n+1 h endeav\r$ to e/abli% ! antiquity ( *emical sci5ce1 we f9d _m conclusions d$uc$ f an +5i\s int]pretation ( ! my?ological fables#ic :i* are suppos$ to h be5 transmitt$ by ! ,egyptians2 :o1 previ\s to ! inv5tion ( lett]s1 adopt$ ?is me?od ( p]petuat+ _! discov]ies 9 natural philosophy4 ,?us1 :]ev] ,hom] /udi\sly describes ! /ol5 embraces ( ,m>s & ,v5us1 !y recognise "s *emical secret1 "s comb9ation ( iron ) copp]1 %ad[$ 9 ! gl[+ ornam5ts ( fiction4 ,"l ,bacon#id conceiv$ t ! union ( _s & matt] 0 allegoris$ 9 ! fable ( ,pros]p9e be+ seiz$ by ,pluto z %e 0 ga!r+ fl[]s2 an allusion1 says ,dr4 ,d>w91 :i* is r5d]$ m curi\sly exact by ! late discov]y1 t pure air1 7oxyg57 is giv5 out by vegetables1 & t 9 ?is /ate x is gre$ily absorb$ by inflammable bodies4 ,! same +5i\s ,poet supposes t ! fable ( ,jupit] & ,juno1 by ^: union ! v]nal %[]s 7 said to be produc$1 0 meant to p\rtray ! production ( wat] by ! comb9ation ( its two elem5ts2 an op9ion :i*1 says he1 is /rongly support$ by ! fact t1 9 ! anci5t my?ology1 ! pur] air or !r1 0 always repres5t$ by ,jupit]1 & ! inf]ior by ,juno4 ,7 ! elegant au?or ( ! ,botanic ,g>d5 n[ liv+1 he w\ld1 no d\bt1 ) a ta/e & delicacy peculi>ly 8 own1 avail himself ( ! s+ul> discov]y ( ,mr4 ,smi?son1 :o has detect$ 9 ! juice ( ! mulb]ry two di/9ct species ( col\r+ matt]2--! m+l$ blood ( ! un=tunate ,pyramus & ,?isbe3 8,signa t5e cdis3 pullosque et luctibus aptos ,semp] habe fetus1 gem9a monum5ta cruoris40 ,ovid4 ,metamorph4 ,lib4 iv4 #afj4 ,sir ,william ,drummond1 ! le>n$ apologi/ ( ,egyptian sci5ce1 conceives t ! laws ( lat5t heat 7 ev5 kn[n to ! philosoph]s ( t anci5t nation1 & t caloric 9 su* a /ate1 0 symbolically repres5t$ by ,,vulcan1 :ile free or s5sible caloric 0 z cle>ly describ$ 9 ! "* ( ,,ve/a4 ,^? :o ma9ta9 ! antiquity ( *emi/ry1 & suppose t ! fabul\s conceptions ( ! anci5ts 7 b a my/]i\s veil +5i\sly ?r[n by philosophy betwe5 nature & ! l[] ord] ( p1 consid] t ! al*emical secret is metaphorically conceal$ 9 ! fable ( ! ,,gold5 ,,fleece ( ! ,argonauts1 & reject ! m probable solution ( ?is /ory by ,/rabo1 :o says t ! ,ib]ians1 ne> neighb\rs ( ! ,col*ians1 us$ to receive ! gold1 br\ght d[n f ! high l&s by ! torr5ts1 into sieves & %eep sk9s1 & t f !nce arose ! fable ( ! gold5 fleece4 ,dionysius1 ( ,mytil5e1 (f]s a diff]5t explanation ( ! fable1 & supposes x to allude to a book writt5 on sk9s1 & conta9+ an acc\nt ( ! process ( mak+ gold accord+ to ! art ( al*emy4 ,not)/&+ ! confid5ce ) :i* mod]n philosoph]s h claim$ ! discov]y1 ! exp]im5tal mode ( inve/igation 0 und\bt$ly kn[n & pursu$ by ! anci5ts1 :o appe>1 says ,mr4 ,leslie1#ie to h conceal$ _! notions respect+ x1 "u ! veil ( allegory4 ,proteus signifi$ ! mutable & *ang+ =ms ( mat]ial objects1 & ! inquisitive philosoph] 0 c\nsell$ by ! ,poets#if to wat* _! slipp]y demon :5 slumb]+ on ! %ore1 to b9d him1 & compel ! reluctant captive to reveal 8 secrets4 ,?is1 adds ,mr4 ,leslie1 gives a lively picture ( ! cauti\s1 b intrepid advances ( ! skilful exp]im5t]2--he tries to press nature into a corn]1--he endeav\rs to sep>ate ! diff]5t pr9ciples ( action1--he seeks to conc5trate ! pr$om9ant ag5t1 & lab\rs to exclude1 z mu* z possible1 e di/urb+ influ5ce4 ,b ) :atev] +5uity & success ! antiquity ( *emical k may be advocat$1 z x relates to ! v>i\s arts ( life1 yet x mu/ be all[$ t n ! mo/ remote trace ( its application to physic c be discov]$ 9 ! m$ical writ]s ( ,greece or ,rome4 ,! op]ation ( di/illation#ig is n ev5 m5tion$ by ,hippocrates or ,gal52 & ! wat]s ( diff]5t plants1 z describ$ by "s lat] au?ors1 are to be und]/ood1 z we are in=m$ by ,gesn]1 m]ely z simple decoctions1 & n z ! products ( any *emical process2 :ile ! ,ess5ces ( ,dioscorides1 ,gal51 ,oribasius1 & o!rs1 7 only ! extracts produc$ by ! evaporation ( su* infusions4 ,^u ! d[nfall ( ! ,roman ,empire1 all ! sci5ces1 ! arts1 & lit]ature1 7 ov]:elm$ 9 ! g5]al wreck1 & ! e>ly ,mahometans1 9 ! fir/ p>oxysms ( _! fanaticism1 endeav\r$ to de/roy e record ( ! =m] progress ( ! human m9d2 consign+ to de/ruction1 by ! conflagration ( ! ,alex&rian libr>y1 no less ?an sev5 hundr$ ?\s& volumes1 :i* compris$ ! mo/ valuable works ( sci5ce & lit]ature4#ih ,x is n a little extraord9>y t ?is same p 7 de/9$ at a m advanc$ p]iod1 to rek9dle ! light ( lett]s1#ii :i* !y _h tak5 su* pa9s to ext+ui%1 & to become ! inv5tors & cultivators ( a new sci5ce1 b\ndless 9 its views1 & inexhau/ible 9 its applications4 ,! m$ical pr(ession too 0 m p>ticul>ly select$ z an object ( rew>d & enc\ragem5t2 & we may say1 ) mu* tru?1 t our ,mat]ia ,m$ica is m indebt$ to ! zeal & indu/ry ( ! ,arabians1 ?an to ! le>n+ ( ! ,greeks1 or to ! ref9em5t ( ! ,romans4 ,f ?is s\rce we h acquir$ ! mild] purges ( ,manna1 ,cassia1 ,s5na1 ,rhub>b1 & _m plants & ori5tal aromatics1 among/1 :i* we may notice ,musk1 ,nutmeg1 ,mace1 & ,cloves2 ! introduction ( :i* into m$ic9e 0 greatly facilitat$ by ! situation ( ,bagdat1 & its connection ) ,india2 & al?\gh ,ar*ig5es & ,aretu _h long be=e appli$ ,bli/]s1 yet x is to ! ,arabian physicians t we are indebt$ = a practical acqua9tance ) _! value1 = 9 g5]al1 ! ,greeks & ,romans prescrib$ acrid ,s9apisms = su* a purpose4 ,we are also indebt$ to ! ,arabians = our k respect+ ,camphor1 z its "n imports1 = ! orig9al ^w 0 ,cafur or ,canfur4#ajj ,!y are also ! fir/ ^u record1 :o speak ( sug>1 & sug>-c&y1 extract$ f ! sug>-cane1 :i* !y call honey ( cane2 & !y u%]$ into practice ,syrups1 ,juleps1 & ,cons]ves4 ,at ! same "t1 x is b j to all[1 t f ! disgu/+ o/5tation ( ?is p1 & _! /rong atta*m5t to ! m>vell\s1 _m absurd m$ic9es h be5 introduc$4 ,gold1 ,silv]1 ,bezo>s1 & preci\s /ones 7 receiv$ into _! mat]ia m$ica1 & surpris+ virtues 7 attribut$ to !m4 ,among/ a p ?us dispos$ to magnific5ce1 & f ! v _s ( _! religion cr$ul\s & romantic1 x is n a matt] ( surprise t _! fir/ rese>*es into ! nature ( bodies %\ld h rais$ a hope1 & excit$ a belief1 t ! bas] metals might be conv]t$ into gold4 ,!y conceiv$ t gold 0 ! metallic elem5t1 9 a /ate ( p]fect purity1 & t all ! o!r metals diff]$ f x 9 proportion only to ! ext5t ( _! individual contam9ation1 & h5ce ! orig9 ( ! epi!t base1 z appli$ to su* metals2 ?is hypo!sis expla9s ! orig9 ( al*emy2 b1 9 e hi/ory1 we are in=m$ t ! e>li] al*emi/s expect$1 by ! same means t !y hop$ to conv]t ! bas] metals into gold1 to produce a univ]sal rem$y1 calculat$ to prolong indef9itely ! span ( human exi/5ce4 ,x is difficult to imag9e :at connection c\ld exi/ 9 _! ideas betwe5 ! 8,philosoph]'s ,/one10 :i* 0 to transmute metals1 & a rem$y :i* c\ld arre/ ! progress ( bodily infirmity3 ^u se>*+ into ! writ+s ( ^! times1 x cle>ly appe>s t ?is conceit orig9at$ ) ! al*emi/s f ! application ( false analogies1 & t ! error 0 subsequ5tly diffus$ & exagg]at$ by a miscon/ruction ( al*emical metaphors4#aja ,an example ( reason+ by false analogy is pres5t$ to u by ,p>acelsus1 9 8 "w de vita longa1 :]e91 speak+ ( anatomy1 he exclaims3 8,sicut antimonium f9it aurum1 sic1 eadem ratione et =ma1 corpus humanum purum r$dit40 ,! processes ( al*emy 7 always veil$ 9 ! mo/ enigmatic & obscure language2 ! e>lie/ al*emi/ ^: "n has rea*$ po/]ity1 is ,geb]1 an ,arabian pr9ce ( ! sev5? c5tury1 ^: language 0 s prov]bially obscure1 t ,dr4 ,johnson supposes ! ^w gibb]i% or geb]i% to h be5 d]iv$ f ?is circum/ance2 sometimes ! processes ( al*emy 7 express$ by a figurative & metaphorical /yle ( description2 ?us ,geb] exclaims1 8,br+ me ! six lep]s t ,i may cleanse !m20 by :i* he impli$ ! conv]sion ( ! six metals1#ajb ! only ones !n kn[n1 into gold4 ,f ! works ( lat] al*emi/s x also appe>s t !y con/antly repres5t$ gold z a s\nd1 heal?y1 & durable man1 ! imp]fect metals z diseas$ m51 & ! means or processes by :i* ! latt] 7 to be transmut$ into ! =m]1 !y designat$ by ! "n ( m$ic9es2 & h5ce1 ^? :o 7 anxi\s to dive into ! secrets ( ^! magicians1 or ,adepts1 z !y t]m$ !mselves1 )\t possess+ a key to _! language1 suppos$ t ^! descriptions 7 to be und]/ood 9 a lit]al s5se1 & t ! imp]fect metals might be *ang$ into gold1 & ! bodies ( sick p]sons into heal?y ones1 by "o & ! same *emical prep>ation4 ,! hi]oglyphical /yle ( writ+ adopt$ by ! e>li] al*emi/s1 0 9 a great degree support$ by ! prevail+ idea t ! elem5ts 7 "u ! dom9ion ( spiritual be+s1 :o might be submitt$ to human p[]2 & ,sir ,humphry ,davy has obs]v$ t ! notions ( fairies1 & ( g5ii1 :i* h be5 depict$ ) s mu* vividness ( fancy & livel9ess ( description 9 ,,! ,,?\s& ,,& ,,"o ,,nights1 seem to h be5 connect$ ) ! pursuit ( ! sci5ce ( transmutation1 & ! production ( ! elixir ( life4 ,t ! ,arabian ,nights' ,ent]ta9m5t admits ( a my/ic int]pretation1 is an op9ion :i* ,i h long ent]ta9$4 ,h[ /rik+ly is ! effect ( f]m5t$ _s1 9 bani%+ ! pressure ( ! melan*oly :i* occurs 9 solitude1 depict$ 9 ! /ory ( ,s9bad :5 he enc\nt]$ ! )]$ & decrepid hag1 on ! un9habit$ isl&--b1 to return f ?is digression to ! subject ( m$ical *emi/ry4 ,x 0 n 9 fact until sev]al ye>s _h elaps$ 9 ! delusive rese>*es ( al*emy1 t ! application ( *emical k became in/rum5tal 9 ! advancem5t ( ! m$ical art4 ,,rhases & ,,avic5na1 :o 7 ! celebrat$ physicians ( ! age1 are ! fir/ :o introduc$ ph>maceutical prep>ations into _! works1 or made any improvem5t 9 ! mode ( conduct+ ph>maceutical processes4 ,avic5na describes1 p>ticul>ly1 ! me?od ( conduct+ ,di/illation2 he m5tions also1 = ! fir/ "t1 ! ?ree ,m9]al ,acids1 & di/+ui%es betwe5 ! vegetable & m9]al ,alkalies2 he speaks likewise ( ! ,di/ill$ ,wat] ( ,roses1 ( ,sublim$ ,ars5ic1 & ( ,corrosive ,sublimate4 ,9 ! ye> #abbf1 ,,rog] ,,bacon1 a native ( ,il*e/] 9 ,som]set%ire1 & a ,franciscan monk ( ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 laid ! f\ndations ( *emical sci5ce 9 ,europe2 8 discov]ies 7 s extraord9>y t he 0 excommunicat$ by ! ,pope1 & imprison$ t5 ye>s = suppos$ deal+s ) ! devil2 x appe>s t he 0 a believ] 9 an univ]sal ,elixir1 = he propos$ "o to ,pope ,clem5t ! ,t5?1 :i* he extoll$ highly1 z ! inv5tion ( ,petro de ,mah>nc\rt4 ,?is wond]ful man 0 succe$$ at ! end ( ! same c5tury by ,arnoldus de ,villa ,nova1 a ,fr5*man1 or z o!rs ass]t1 a ,spani>d1 :o des]ves to be notic$ on ?is occasion1 z be+ ! fir/ to recomm5d ! di/ill$ _s ( w9e1 impregnat$ ) c]ta9 h]bs1 z a valuable rem$y2 f :i* we may date ! introduction ( ,t9ctures into m$ical practice2 =1 al?\gh ,?addu1 a ,flor5t9e1 :o di$ 9 #abgj1 at ! age ( eighty1 be/[s great comm5dation ^u ! virtues ( ,_s ( ,w9e1 yet he nev] us$ x z a solv5t = active vegetable matt]4 ,x 0 n h[ev] until ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 t ,*emi/ry c be said to h add$ any consid]able p[] to ! arm ( ,physic4 ,,basil ,,val5t9e1 a ,g]man ,b5$ict9e monk1 l$ ! way to ! int]nal adm9i/ration ( metallic m$ic9e1 by a v>iety ( exp]im5ts on ! nature ( ,antimony1 & 9 8 8,currus ,triumphalis ,antimonii10 a "w writt5 9 high ,dut*1 he has describ$ a numb] ( ! comb9ations ( t metal4 ,if h[ev] we may cr$it a vague tradition1 he 0 extremely un=tunate 9 8 fir/ exp]im5ts ^u 8 bro!r monks1 all ( :om he injur$ if n kill$2 ^? :o h ke5 e>s = etymological s\nds w in/antly recognise1 9 ?is circum/ance1 ! orig9 ( ! ^w ,antimony1-- 4 ,x appe>s t ! anci5ts 7 ignorant ( ! int]nal use & adm9i/ration ( ! metals1 ) ! exception ( iron1 al?\gh !y frequ5tly us$ !m 9 ext]nal applications4 ,hippocrates recomm5ds ,lead 9 sev]al p>ts ( 8 works1 z an epulotic application1 & = o!r ext]nal purposes4 ,li?>ge ( ,gold & ,c]usse also ent]$ ! composition ( sev]al p[d]s extoll$ by t anci5t physician z possess+ great efficacy 9 defluxions ( ! eyes4 ,oribasius & tius add$ 8,li?>gyrium0 to sev]al plai/]s1 & ! composition ( ! 8,sn[-l plai/]10 f ,m9ium1 0 long pres]v$ among/ _! mo/ valuable secrets4 ,:e!r antimony is ! ,/immi or ,/ibium ( ! anci5ts has be5 a matt] ( conjecture2 = ,pl9y1 9 speak+ ( its prep>ation obs]ves1 8,ante omnia ur5di modus necess>ius1 ne ,plumbum fiat40 ,?is plumbum h[ev] 0 evid5tly ! reviv$ metal ( ,antimony1 ) :i* ! anci5ts 7 unacqua9t$1 & !re=e mi/ook x = ,lead2 besides1 ! ^w ,plumbum1 l _m o!rs :i* ,i h be=e m5tion$1 0 us$ z a g5]al t]m2 ?us1 accord+ to ,pl9y1 ,t9 0 call$ ,plumbum album2 & ,agricola calls ,lead ,plumbum nigrum4#ajc ,! "q h[ev] is unimportant1 = ?is ,/ibium 0 nev] us$ b z an ext]nal ,a/r+5t1 especially = ! purpose ( contract+ ! eye-lids1 & !reby ( mak+ ! eyes appe> v l>ge1 :i* has be5 consid]$ f ! mo/ remote antiquity1 z a feature ( great beauty2 ?us ! epi!t is con/antly appli$ by ,hom] to ,juno4 ,?is practice appe>s also to h be5 foll[$ by ! ,jews1 = ,jezebel is said to h pa9t$ h] eye-br[s to make ! eyes appe> big2#ajd ! expression also %ews t ! drug employ$ 0 ! ,/immi4 4 ,to ,,basil ,,val5t9e we are moreov] indebt$ = ! discov]y ( ! ,volatile ,alkali1 & ( its prep>ation f ,sal ,ammoniac2 he also fir/ us$ m9]al acids z solv5ts1 & notic$ ! production ( ,e!r f ,alcohol2 he seems also to h und]/ood ! virtues ( sulphate ( iron1 = he says1 :5 int]nally adm9i/]$1 x is tonic & com=t+ to a weak /oma*1 & t ext]nally appli$1 x is a/r+5t & /yptic3 he moreov] recomm5d$ a fix$ alkali made f v9e twigs cut 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,m>*1 = ! cure ( g\t & gravel4 ,9 ! ye> #adic1 0 born ne> ,zuri* 9 ,switz]l&1 ,,p>acelsus1 or z he t]m$ himself1 ,philippus1 ,!ophra/us1 ,bomba/us1 ,p>acelsus de ,hoh5heim1 a man :o 0 de/9$ to produce a great] revolution 9 ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 & a great] *ange 9 m$ical op9ions & practice1 ?an any p]son :o _h appe>$ s9ce ! days ( ,gal54 ,he travell$ all ov] ! ,cont95t ( ,europe to obta9 k 9 ,*emi/ry & ,physic1 & 0 a great admir] ( ,basil ,val5t9e1 decl>+ t ,antimony 0 n to be equall$ = m$ic9al virtue1 by any o!r sub/ance 9 nature3 ?is op9ion h[ev] does n des]ve our respect1 = x 0 n f\nd$ ^u obs]vation & exp]im5t1 b on a fanciful analogy1 d]iv$ f a prop]ty :i* ?is metal possesses ( ref9+ gold1 z ,i h be=e relat$4 ,he also us$ ,m]cury )\t res]ve1 & appe>s to h be5 ! fir/ :o v5tur$ to adm9i/] x int]nally1#aje = al?\gh ,avic5na ass]ts t x 0 n s poison\s z ! anci5ts _h imag9$1 yet he does n attribute to x any virtues2 he m]ely says1 8,arg5tum quidem vivum1 plurimi qui bibunt1 non lduntur eo40 ,its effects1 :5 appli$ ext]nally1 7 well kn[n to ,!odoric ! fri>1 aft]w>ds ,bi%op ( ,c]via1 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 :o describes ! salivation :i* m]curial frictions w produce4 ,p>acelsus1 moreov]1 employ$ ,lead int]nally 9 fev]s1--8,saturnus purgat febres0 0 "o ( 8 mo/ fav\rite maxims4 ,he also gives u directions = ! prep>ation ( ,r$ ,precipitate ) ,m]cury & ,aqua =tis4 ,p>acelsus1 ?us arm$ ) opium1 m]cury1 & antimony1 rem$ies ( no trifl+ importance1 travell$ 9 all directions & p]=m$ _m extraord9>y cures1 among/ :i* 0 t ( ! fam\s pr9t] ,frob5ius ( ,basil1 a circum/ance :i* imm$iately br\ght him acqua9t$ ) ,erasmus1#ajf & made him kn[n to ! magi/racy ( ,basil1 :o elect$ him pr(essor ( *emi/ry 9 ! ye> #aebg1 :i* 0 ! fir/ pr(essor%ip t 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,europe = ! promotion & dissem9ation ( *emical sci5ce4 ,b not)/&+ ?is te/imony ( 8 success1 if we may cr$it ,libavius1 he (t51 l our mod]n quacks1 left 8 pati5ts m diseas$ ?an he f\nd !m2 & x is ackn[l$g$ by 8 own disciple ,opor9us1 t :5 he 0 s5t = to any t[n1 = ! purpose ( adm9i/]+ 8 rem$ies1 he 0 r>ely suff]$ to protract 8 visit1 on acc\nt ( ! g5]al res5tm5t ( ! inhabitants4 ,:ile seat$ 9 8 *air1 he burnt ) great solemnity ! writ+s ( ,gal5 & ,avic5na1 & decl>$ to 8 audi5ce t if ,god w\ld n imp>t ! secrets ( physic1 x 0 n only all[able b ev5 ju/ifiable to consult ! devil4 ,8 cotempor>y physicians he treat$ ) ! mo/ sotti% vanity & illib]al insol5ce2 9 ! preface to 8 "w entitl$ 8,p>agranum10 he tells !m 8t ! v d[n ( 8 bald pate _h m k ?an all _! writ]s1 ! buckles ( 8 %oes m le>n+ ?an ,gal5 & ,avic5na1 & 8 be>d m exp]i5ce ?an all _! ,univ]sities40 ,) su* a temp] x c\ld n be suppos$ t he w\ld long reta9 8 *air1 9 fact he quitt$ x 9 consequ5ce ( a qu>rel ) ! magi/rates1 aft] :i* he cont9u$ to ramble ab\t ! c\ntry1 g5]ally intoxicat$1 & seldom *ang+ 8 clo!s1 or ev5 go+ to b$2 & al?\gh he boa/$ ( possess+ a ,panacea :i* 0 capable ( cur+ all diseases 9 an in/ant1 & ev5 ( prolong+ life to an indef9ite l5g?1 yet ?is drunk>d & pr9ce ( empirics di$ aft] a few h\rs illness1 9 ! =ty-eigh? ye> ( 8 age1 at ,salzburg 9 ,bav>ia1 ) a bottle ( 8 immortal ,ca?olicon 9 8 pocket4 ,9 contemplat+ ! c>e] ( ?is extraord9>y man1 x is difficult to say :e!r disgu/ or a/oni%m5t is ! mo/ pr$om9ant feel+2 8 insol5ce & unp>allel$ conceit1 8 ins9c]ity1 & brutal s+ul>ities1 & 8 habits ( immorality & debau*]y1 are beyond all c5sure2 :il/ ! important s]vices he has r5d]$ mank9d1 by oppos+ ! bigotry ( ! s*ools & introduc+ p[]ful rem$ies into practice1 _c be record$ )\t feel+s ( gratitude & respect3 b 9 :atev] e/imation ,p>acelsus may be held1 !re c be no d\bt b t 8 fame produc$ a v consid]able influ5ce on ! "* ( ! age1 by excit+ ! envy ( "s1 ! emulation ( o!rs1 & ! indu/ry ( all4#ajg ,ab\t a c5tury aft] ,p>acelsus1 ,,van ,,helmont took ! lead 9 physic2 he 0 a man ( mo/ indefatigable indu/ry1 & sp5t fifty ye>s 9 tortur+ by e *emical exp]im5t he c\ld devise1 ! v>i\s objects 9 ! animal1 vegetable1 & m9]al k+doms4 ,he 0 ! fir/ physician :o appli$ alum 9 ut]9e hemorrhage1 & he acquir$ a great reputation f ! success ( ! practice4 ,,sylvius ,,de ,,la ,,boe1 & ,,o?o ,,ta*5ius1 foll[$ 9 ! track ( ,van ,helmont4 ,a prejudice 9 fav\r ( *emical rem$ies hav+ be5 ?us introduc$1 ! m]it$ success :i* att5d$ _! op]ation1 & ! zeal & p]sev]ance :i* di/+ui%$ ! vot>ies ( t sci5ce1 soon k9dl$ a m g5]al en?usiasm 9 its fav\r4 ,x is impossible to r$uce into m9iature ! hi/orical features ( ^! *emical times1 s z to br+ !m )9 ! compass ( a lecture3 ,i mu/ !re=e re/ satisfi$ ) del9eat+ a few ( ! m prom95t outl9es4 ,! ,gal5i/s1 :o 7 9 possession ( ! s*ools1 & ^: reason+s 7 fett]$ by ! /ronge/ pr$ilection = _! own doctr9es1 in/antly took ! al>m2 & ! celebrat$ conte/ ensu$ betwe5 ! ,gal5ical & ,*emical sects1 :i* has giv5 su* a controv]sial tone to ! writ]s ( ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies4 ,z ?is revolt f or?odox au?ority 0 9 a great degree attribut$ to ! mis*iev\s introduction & unm]it$ success ( ,antimonial rem$ies1 s 7 ! prep>ations ( ?is metal d5\nc$ ) all ! virul5ce ( p>ty _s2#ajh & ^u ?is occasion1 9 ord] to support _! gr\nd & oppress & p]secute _! adv]s>ies1 ! ,gal5i/s actually solicit$ ! assi/ance ( secul> p[]2 ! ,supreme ,c\ncil ( ,p>is accord+ly proscrib$ its use by an edict 9 #aeff1 & ,besni] 0 expell$ ! faculty ( m$ic9e 9 #afji1 = hav+ adm9i/]$ x to a pati5t4 ,9 #afcg1 ,antimonial w9e 0 by public au?ority receiv$ into ! numb] ( purgatives2 & 9 #afej1 a new arrt resc9d$ t ( #aeff1 & aga9 re/or$ ,antimony to public fav\r & g5]al reputation2 & be=e we conclude our rem>ks ^u ! revolution>y hi/ory ( ?is extraord9>y metal1 x des]ves to be rem>k$1 t ?is v same gov]nm5t t _h ) su* great virul5ce1 & s little ju/ice1 p]secut$ e practition] :o _h %ewn any pr$ilection = its use1 9 ! ye> #agbj actually pur*as$ ! secret ( an antimonial prep>ation call$ ,panacea ,glaub]iana1 & :i* has be5 s9ce kn[n by ! title ( ,k]mes ,m9]al1 f a surgeon ( ! "n ( ,la ,leg]ie1 :o _h acquir$ ! secret f a pupil ( ,glaub]4 ,be=e ?is p]iod ! inv5tion ( ,calomel _h tak5 place2 ?is prep>ation is fir/ m5tion$1 al?\gh v obscurely1 by ,oswald ,crollius1 9 8 ,basilica ,*emica1 9 #afjh1 & 9 ! same ye> ,begu9 describ$ x mo/ fully & cle>ly "u ! title ( ,draco ,mitigatus1 9 8 ,tiroc9ium ,*emicum1 :i* he publi%$ 9 ,p>is4 ,*emi/ry1 at ?is p]iod#aji took possession ( ! s*ools1 & :il/ x 0 gradually graft$ into ! !ory ( m$ic9e1 x soon became ! only guide to its practice1 ! absurdity ( :i* has be5 already dwelt ^u4 ,9 trac+ ! m>* ( *emical improvem5t dur+ ! la/ c5tury1 we _c b be /ruck ) ! new & p[]ful rem$ies :i* x has introduc$1 & ! _m unimportant & feeble articles :i* x has dismiss$ f m$ical practice4 ,9 ! pres5t c5tury1 ! rapid progress ( ,*emi/ry has out/ripp$ ! anticipations ( its mo/ sangu9e vot>ies2 & ev5 9 ! dep>tm5t ( vegetable analysis1 a correctness has be5 atta9$1 ! v attempt at :i* _h be5 ab&on$ by ! mo/ illu/ri\s *emi/s ( ! =m] age z hopeless & *im]ical2 let u = in/ance only comp>e ! results obta9$ by ! ,academicians ( ,p>is1 & publi%$ by ,ge(froy1 9 _! analyses ( sev]al hundr$ plants by ! op]ation ( heat1 ) ! elegant & satisfactory rese>*es 9 ?is bran* ( sci5ce lately conduct$ 9 ! same c\ntry2 :il/ ! =m] fail$ 9 e/abli%+ any di/9ction betwe5 ! mo/ in]t & ! mo/ poison\s plants1 ! latt] h succe$$ 9 detect+1 sep>at+1 & conc5trat+ sev]al ( _! mo/ subtile con/itu5ts4 ,opium has be5 at l5g? compell$ to confess its secret s\rce ( action1 & ,ipecacuan to yield its emetic elem5t 9 a /ate ( p]fect purity4 ,our ,ph>macopias & ,disp5satories#aaj h cauti\sly kept pace ) ! sci5tific progress ( ! age2 & 9 trac+ !m f _! orig9 to ! pres5t "t#aaa x is gratify+ to obs]ve ! gradual influ5ce ( k 9 r$uc+ ! numb] ( _! articles--simplify+ ! composition ( _! =mul--& improv+ ! processes = _! prep>ation4#aab ,*emi/ry has also be5 ! means ( e/abli%+ ! id5tity ( _m bodies :i* 7 long consid]$ z specifically diff]5t2 ?us an ext5sive li/ ( animal sub/ances has be5 disc>d$1 s9ce x is kn[n t !y owe _! prop]ties to "o & ! same common pr9ciple1 z to gelat9e1 album51 c>bonate ( lime1 c42 s aga9 ! fix$ alkal9e salt produc$ by ! inc9]ation ( diff]5t vegetables1 has be5 f\nd to be potass1 f :atev] plant x may h be5 obta9$1 ) ! exception ( sea plants1 & p]haps "s ( ! ,tetradynamia1 ! =m] ( :i* yield ,soda & ! latt] ,ammonia4 ,previ\s to ! ,ph>macopia ( #agde1 e vegetable 0 suppos$ to yield a salt ess5tially diff]5t1 & !re=e a numb] ( alkal9e prep>ations 7 recomm5d$1 ea* be>+ ! "n ( ! p>ticul> plant f :i* x _h be5 procur$1 z salt ( ,wormwood--salt ( ,broom1--,salt ( ,bean-,/alks1 c4 ,b1 f ! v nature & object ( a ,ph>macopia1 x _c be suppos$ to proce$ p>i passu ) ! m>* ( *emical sci5ce1 inde$ x w\ld be dang]\s t x %\ld1 = a *emical !ory mu/ receive ! seal & /amp ( exp]i5ce be=e x c become curr5t3 a ,ph>macopia h[ev] is always an object ( abuse1 because x is a national "w ( au?ority1 :i* is q a suffici5t reason :y ! ignorant & conceit$ %\ld "q its title to respect1 & its claim to utility4 8,plures audivi10 says ,huxham1 8totas blat]antes ,ph>macopias1 qui tam5 ne intellex]9t quidem quid vel ipse pulsus significabat40 ,x is v evid5t1 t ! great] numb] ( ^! attacks has n be5 levell$ ) any view to elicit tru? or to advance sci5ce1 b to excite public att5tion1 & to provoke unfair discussion = individual & unwor?y advantage2 _! obscure & presumptu\s au?ors va9ly hope1 t !y may ga9 = _! ephem]al writ+s "s %>e ( importance1 & = !mselves "s degree ( reputation1 if !y c only obta9 notoriety by provok+ a discussion ) ! ,college or ) "s ( its responsible memb]s1 ?\gh su* a combat %\ld be sure to t]m9ate 9 _! defeat4 ,l ! ,scy?ian ,ab>is1 :o ^u be+ w\nd$ by ,apollo1 pluck$ ! arr[ f 8 side1 & he$less ( ! pa9 & disgrace ( 8 w\nd1 exclaim$ 9 triumph t ! weapon w\ld 9 future enable him to deliv] ,oracles4 ,x is n to su* p]sons t ! obs]vations :i* are conta9$ 9 ?is "w are address$1 = ) !m ,i am mo/ anxi\s to avoid a conte/1 9 :i*1 z a wor?y ,fell[ ( our ,college expresses x1 8,victory itself mu/ be disgraceful40 ,:51 h[ev]1 we are assail$ ^u e occasion by a g5tleman ^: tal5ts entitle him to respect1 & ^: public situation comm&s notice1 ,i appreh5d t a humble individual l myself1 may1 9 ! consci5ti\s dis*>ge ( a public duty1 deliv] 8 s5tim5ts f ! *air to :i* he has be5 call$ by 8 pr(essional bre?r51 )\t any risk ( compromis+ ! dignity ( ! ,college1 or ( draw+ ^u himself ! *>ge ( an unnecess>y & injudici\s int]f]5ce4 ,! attack to :i* ,i *iefly allude1 is conta9$ 9 an hi/orical preface by ,mr4 ,pr(essor ,br&e1 to ! ,supplem5t ( ! ,f\r? & ,fif? ,editions ( ! ,encyclopdia ,britannica2 9 :i*1 speak+ ( ! writ+s ( ,,bo]haave1 he says1 8,! obs]vations :i* he has made ^u ! usefulness ( ,*emi/ry1 & ( its necessity to ! m$ical practition]1 may be well en=c$ at ! pres5t day2 =1 except 9 ! s*ools ( ,london & ,ed9burgh1 ,*emi/ry1 z a bran* ( education1 is ei!r entirely neglect$1 or1 :at is p]haps worse1 sup]ficially & imp]fectly taught2 ?is is especially ! case 9 ! ,engli% ,univ]sities1 & ! ,london ,ph>macopia is a record ( ! want ( *emical k1 :]e x is mo/ imp]i\sly requir$40 ,! le>n$ ,pr(essor ( ,ox=d1 ,dr4 ,kidd1 naturally anxi\s to repel a *>ge :i* he consid]$ individually unfair1 & to v9dicate 8 ,univ]sity f an asp]sion :i* he felt to be g5]ally unju/1 publi%$ an animat$1 b at ! same "t1 a cool & c&id def5ce1 to :i* ,i h mu* pleasure 9 ref]r+ y4 ,) respect to ! ,si/] ,univ]sity1 my own ,alma ,mat]1 ,i feel t ,i %\ld be ! mo/ ungrateful ( h] sons1 7 ,i1 ^u ?is occasion1 to omit express+ simil> s5tim5ts ) respect to ! c\rse ( *emi/ry1 & t ( its collat]al bran*es1 :i* are annually deliv]$ 9 ! cr\d$ s*ools at ,cambridge4 ,is ,mr4 ,br&e acqua9t$ ) ! discipl9e ( our ,univ]sity8--,is he aw>e t ! *emical *air has be5 successively fill$ by ,,bi%op ,,watson--,,miln]--,,wolla/on#aac--;& ! late lam5t$ ,mr4 ,,t5nant8--8,ma/] ,build]s 9 ! ,sci5ce40 ,to say t su* m5 h be5 ! lectur]s1 is surely a suffici5t te/imony to %ew t ! sci5ce ( *emi/ry h]et(ore c\ld n 8h be5 neglect$1 or :at p]haps is /ill worse1 imp]fectly taught20 & ! zeal & ability display$ by ! pres5t ,pr(essor1 ought to h %ield$ him f any su* attack4 ,is ,mr4 ,br&e aw>e t ! eloqu5t appeal ( ,,bi%op ,,watson f ! *air at ,cambridge1#aad on ! g5]al importance & utility ( *emi/ry1 gave ! fir/ impulse to t public ta/e = ?is sci5ce :i* s em95tly di/+ui%es our ,augu/an age1 & :i* has be5 ! means ( f\nd+ & support+ ! ,royal1 & o!r ,public ,in/itutions 9 ?is ,metropolis1 z well z 9 ! o!r t[ns ( ! ,briti% ,empire8 ,i ne$ make no f>!r rem>k ^u ?is "p ( ,mr4 ,br&e's ass]tion2 ! sequel1 judg+ f ! con/ruction ( ! s5t5ce1 is evid5tly int5d$ to be und]/ood z a consequ5ce1 viz4 & !re=e 8! ,london ,ph>macopia is a record ( ! want ( *emical k :]e x is mo/ imp]i\sly requir$10 because ,ox=d & ,cambridge ,physicians 7 its ,editors4 ,is n ?is ! obvi\s con/ruction8 ,x appe>s f ,mr4 ,br&e's laconic answ] to ,dr4 ,"y1 publi%$ 9 8,! ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce & ! ,arts10 t 8 objections are ^? ( ,mr4 ,phillips1 conta9$ 9 8 exp]im5tal exam9ation ( ! ,ph>macopia2 a "w :i*1 ,i confess1 appe>s to me to furni% a te/imony ( ! exp]im5tal tact1 subtile +5uity1 & cau/ic /yle ( criticism1 :i* its au?or s em95tly possesses1 r ?an a pro( ( any fatal or mat]ial inaccuracy 9 ! ,ph>macopia2 & ,i may urge ?is ) great] =ce & propriety1 :5 x is consid]$ t1 at ! "t ( its publication1 ,i 0 n a ,fell[ ( ! ,college1 & !re=e _h no voice ^u ! subject ( its composition1 & consequ5tly mu/ be p]sonally dis9t]e/$ 9 its reputation4 ,i _c conclude ^! obs]vations ^u ,mr4 ,br&e's attack1 )\t express+ a deep feel+ ( regret1 t a g5tleman1 ^: des]v$ rank 9 society1 & ^: tal5ts & acquirem5ts mu/ entitle him to our respect1 %\ld h condesc5d$ to c\nt5ance & enc\rage t vile & wret*$ ta/e ( depreciat+ ! value & importance ( our mo/ v5]able in/itutions1 & ( br++ into contempt ^? ackn[l$g$ au?orities :i* mu/ always meet ) ! approbation ( ! be/1 & ! sanction & support ( ! wise/ portion ( mank9d4 ,& ,i %all "h prote/ aga9/ ! prevail+ fa%ion ( exam9+ & decid+ ^u ! pret5sions ( e m$ic9al comp\nd to our confid5ce1 by a m]e *emical inve/igation ( its composition1 & ( reject+1 z fallaci\s1 e m$ical te/imony :i* may appe> contradictory to ! results ( ! ,laboratory2 !re is no subject 9 sci5ce to :i* ! maxim ( ,cic]o m /rictly applies1 ?an to ! pres5t case2 let ! ,ultra ,*emi/ !re=e *]i% x 9 8 remembrance1 & pr(it by its application--8,,pr,,/at ,,natur ,,voce ,,doc]i1 ,,quam ,,+5io ,,suo ,,sap]e40 ,has n exp]i5ce fully e/abli%$ ! value ( _m m$ic9al comb9ations1 :i*1 at ! "t ( _! adoption c\ld n receive ! sanction ( any *emical law8 ,we well rememb] ! opposition1 :i* on ?is gr\nd 0 = a long "t (f]$ to ! introduction ( ! ,anti-hectic ,mixture ( ,dr4 ,griffi?1--! ,mi/ura ,f]ri ,composita ( ! pres5t ,ph>macopia1 & yet subsequ5t inquiry has confirm$ ^u sci5tific pr9ciples ! ju/ness ( our =m] practical conclusion2 = x has be5 %ewn t ! *emical decompositions :i* con/itut$ ! objection to its use1 are 9 fact ! causes ( its utility 7see ,mi/4 ,f]ri172 ! explanation1 moreov]1 has ?r[n additional light ^u ! !ory ( o!r prep>ations2 s true is ! obs]vation ( ! celebrat$ ,morveau1 t 8,we nev] pr(it m ?an by ^! unexpect$ results ( ,exp]im5ts1 :i* contradict our ,analogies & preconceiv$ ,!ories40 ,:5ev] a m$ic9e is f\nd by exp]i5ce to be effectual1 ! practition] %\ld li/5 ) great circumspection to any *emical advice = its correction or improvem5t4 ,f a mi/ak5 notion ( ?is k9d ! ,extractum ,colocyn?idis compositum1 ) a view ( mak+ x *emically compatible ) ,calomel1 has be5 depriv$ ( ! ,soap :i* =m]ly ent]$ into its composition1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* its solubility 9 ! /oma* is consid]ably modifi$1 its activity is !re=e impair$1 & its mildness dim9i%$4#aae ,on ! o!r h&1 sub/ances may be m$ically inconsi/5t1 :i* are *emically compatible1 z ,i %all h frequ5t opportunities ( exemplify+4 ,! /oma* has a *emical code ( its own1 by :i* ! usual aff9ities ( bodies are frequ5tly modifi$1 (t5 susp5d$1 & sometimes entirely subv]t$2 ?is tru? is illu/rat$ 9 a v /rik+ mann] by ! int]e/+ exp]im5ts ( ,m4 ,dr\>d1 :o f\nd t ,copp]1 swall[$ 9 its metallic /ate1 0 n r5d]$ poison\s by meet+ ) oils1 or fatty bodies2 nor ev5 ) ,v9eg>1 9 ! dige/ive organs4 ,o!r bodies1 on ! contr>y1 seem to possess ! same habitudes 9 ! /oma* z 9 ! laboratory1 & are alike influ5c$ 9 bo? situations by ! *emical action ( v>i\s bodies1 _m examples ( :i* are to be f\nd "u ! consid]ation ( ! influ5ce :i* solubility ex]ts ^u ! m$ic9al activity ( sub/ances2 s aga91 acidity 9 ! /oma* is neutraliz$ by ,alkalies1 & if a ,c>bonate be employ$ = t purpose1 we h a copi\s dis5gagem5t ( ,c>bonic acid gas1 :i* has be5 frequ5tly v di/ress+ to ! pati5t2 la/ly1 _m bodies tak5 into ! /oma* und]go decompositions & *anges 9 transitu1 indep5d5t ( any play ( *emical aff9ities f ! hidd5 p[]s ( dige/ion1 "s ( :i* we are enabl$ to appreciate1 & !y w accord+ly =m a subject ( inve/igation 9 ! c\rse ( ! pres5t "w4 ,! p[]s ( ! /oma* w\ld seem to consi/ 9 decompos+ ! ,+e/a1 & r$uc+ !m into simpl] =ms1 r ?an 9 complicat+ !m1 by fav\r+ new comb9ations4 ,b e rational physician mu/ feel 9 its full =ce1 ! absurdity ( expect+ to acc\nt = ! phnom5a ( life ^u pr9ciples d$uc$ f ! analogies ( in]t matt]1 & we !re=e f9d t ! mo/ intellig5t physiologi/s ( mod]n times h be5 anxi\s to disc\rage ! attempt1 & to deprecate its folly4 ,sir ,gilb]t ,blane1 9 8 lum9\s "w on ,,m$ical ,,logic1 :5 speak+ ( ! diff]5t !ories ( dige/ion1 tells u t ,dr4 ,william ,hunt]1 ^: peculi> sagacity & precision ( m9d detect$ at a glance ! holl[ness ( su* delusive hypo!ses1 & saw ! dang] :i* !ori/s run 9 tru/+ !mselves on su* slipp]y gr\nd1 express$ himself 9 8 public lectures1 ) t solidity ( judgm5t comb9$ ) faceti\sness ( expression1 :i* r5d]$ him unp>allel$ z a public tea*]4 8,g5tlem510 said he1 8,physiologi/s w h x t ! /oma* is a mill--o!rs1 t x is a f]m5t+-vat--o!rs aga91 t x is a /ew-pan1--b 9 my view ( ! matt]1 x is nei!r a mill1 a f]m5t+-vat1 nor a /ew-pan--b a ,,/oma*1 ,g5tlem51 a ,,/oma*40 ,:at c illu/rate 9 a m famili> & /rik+ mann] ! s+ul> p[]s ( ,ga/ric ,*emi/ry1 ?an ! fact ( ! %ortness ( "t 9 :i* ! alim5t becomes acid 9 deprav$ dige/ion8 ,a s]ies ( *anges is ?us produc$ 9 a few h\rs1 :i* w\ld require 9 ! laboratory z _m weeks1#aaf :ile 9 acute affections ( ! alim5t>y canal ! functions ( ! /oma* are ne>ly susp5d$1 & h5ce "u su* circum/ances1 :atev] is introduc$ into ?is organ rema9s un*ang$1 ev5 ! nutriti\s mucilages are n dige/$4 ,f :at has be5 said1 x is v evid5t t ! m]e *emi/ c h no pret5sions to ! art ( compos+ or discrim9at+ rem$ies2 :5ev] he arraigns ! sci5tific propriety ( our ,prescriptions1 9 direct contradiction to ! d$uctions ( true m$ical exp]i5ce1--:5ev] he =sakes 8 laboratory = ! b$-side1 he =feits all 8 claims to our respect1 & 8 title to our confid5ce4 ,x is amus+ to see ! ridicul\s errors into :i* ! *emi/ falls1 :5 he turns physician2 z soon z ,segu9 f\nd t ,p]uvian b>k conta9$ a peculi> pr9ciple t precipitat$ ,tann91 he imm$iately conclud$ t ?is c\ld n be any o!r ?an ,gelat9e1 & ^u ! fai? ( ?is blund]1 ! ,fr5*1 ,italian1 & ,g]man physicians1#aag gave _! pati5ts no?+ b ,cl>ifi$ ,glue1 9 int]mitt5t fev]s6--,b ,i desi/--n h[ev] )\t express+ a hope1 9 :i* ,i am sure my m$ical bre?r5 w concur1 t1 %\ld ,mr4 ,br&e aga9 condesc5d to fav\r u ) a comm5t>y ^u ,bo]haave1 he w select t passage 9 8 "w1 :]e1 allud+ to ! application ( ,*emi/ry to ,physic1 he emphatically exclaims1 8,,egregia ,,illius ,,ancilla ,,e/1 ,,non ,,alia ,,pejor ,,dom9a40 ,,! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,soil1 ,,culture1 ,,climate1 ,,& ,,season4 ,! facts hi!rto collect$ ^u ?is subject are s scanty & unsatisfactory1 t ,i introduce its consid]ation 9 ?is place1 r ) a wi% to excite f>!r enquiry1 ?an ) any hope ( imp>t+ mu* additional in=mation4 ,!re c be little d\bt1 b t ,soil1 ,culture1 ,climate1 & ,season1#aah may v mat]ially influ5ce ! active prop]ties ( a m$ic9al plant2 :ile ! two latt] ( ^! causes may z ess5tially *ange ! type & "* ( a disease1 & modify ! vital susceptibility ( ! pati5t2 ! natives ( ! s\? ( ,europe1 = in/ance1 d n be> ble$+1 & o!r modes ( depletion1 s well z ^? ( ! nor?4 ,?is mu/ be admitt$ to its full ext5t1 or x w be extremely difficult to expla9 ! contradictory & ev5 opposite op9ions1 & to reconcile ! conflict+ te/imonies ( ! physicians ( diff]5t c\ntries1 ) respect to ! efficacy ( ! same rem$y1 9 simil> diseases4 ,,! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,soil may be exemplifi$ by _m well kn[n facts2 ?us1 /rongly smell+ plants lose _! od\r 9 a s&y soil1 & d n aga9 recov] x by transplantation into a ri*] "o2 a fact ^u :i* ,rozi] f\nd$ 8 proposal = ! improvem5t ( ,rape oil2 s aga91 no managem5t c\ld induce ! ,ricotia gyptiaca to fl[]1 until ,l9nu sugge/$ ! exp$i5cy ( mix+ clay ) ! e>? 9 ! pot2 ,assaftida is "o ( ^? plants t v>y mu* accord+ to /ation & soil1 n only 9 ! %ape ( ! leaves1 b 9 ! peculi> nause\s quality ( ! juice :i* impregnates !m1 & ,dr4 ,woodville /ates t x is frequ5tly s modifi$ t ! leaves are eat5 by goats2 ,gmel9 in=ms u1 on ! au?ority ( ,/ell]1 t ! effects ( ! ,rhodod5dron h be5 f\nd to v>y mat]ially accord+ to ! 8solum natale20 = example1 t produc$ 9 a c]ta9 spot has prov$ uni=mly n>cotic1 t 9 ano!r1 ca?>tic1 :ile a s5se ( suffocation has be5 ! only symptom occasion$ by a ?ird4 ,rhub>b1 z gr[n 9 ,engl&1 w diff] greatly 9 its purgative qualities1 accord+ to ! soil 9 :i* x may h be5 cultivat$2 t produc$ 9 a dry gravel be+ m efficaci\s ?an t :i* is re>$ 9 a clayey "o4 ,dr4 ,c>t]1 9 8 acc\nt ( ! 8,pr9cipal ,hospitals ( ,france1 ,italy1 & ,switz]l&10 tells u t at ,nice1 ! ,digitalis is commonly giv5 9 doses ( a scruple 9 p[d]1 or 9 t ( half an ounce ( ! infusion made accord+ to ! ,london ,ph>macopia1 e h\r1 & )\t any s5sible effect2 ?is fact he expla9s by /at+ t ! ,digitalis1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,nice1 is mu* small]1 & is probably less p[]ful ?an ! same plant z x gr[s 9 ,engl&4 ,,climate also produces a p[]ful impression ^u vegetable & animal life4 ,x is probable t 9 s\!rn c\ntries "s vegetables enjoy m en]getic prop]ties ?an 9 nor!rn climes4 ,! hi/ory ( opium imm$iately c\nt5ances su* an op9ion2 ?us ,egypt produces a /rong] opium ?an any ( ! c\ntries on ! nor? side ( ! ,m$it]ranean1--,france1 ?an ,engl& or ,g]many2--& ,langu$oc1 ?an ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,france2--:ile ,smyrna1 ,natolia1 ,aleppo1 & ,apulia1 furni% a juice f> m n>cotic ?an ,langu$oc3 s aga91 ,s5na by transplantation f ,arabia into ! s\? ( ,france 7,prov5ce7 assumes a m>k$ *ange 9 its physiognomy & virtues1 its leaves are m obtuse1 & its ta/e less bitt] & nause\s ?an ! po9t$ leav$ v>iety1 :ile its effects w be f\nd to be less purgative4 ,cruci=m plants deg5]ate )9 ! tropics1 b acquire increas$ en]gies1 z ,antiscorbutics1 9 cold regions2 ! ,m5? h n s p5etrat+ an ess5tial oil 9 ! s\? ( ,europe z 9 ,engl& & 9 ! nor? ( ,france4 ,! relative proportions ( glut5 v>y 9 ! :eat ( diff]5t c\ntries1 & z 9 ! s\? ( ,europe1 its quantity greatly pr$om9ates ov] ! o!r pr9ciples1 we at once discov] ! cause t gives su* excell5ce to ! ,macc>oni ( ,italy4 ,_m species ( plants secrete juices 9 w>m] regions1 :i* are unkn[n 9 _! conomy1 9 cold] climates2 ?us ! ,a% yields ,manna 9 ,calabria1 b loses t faculty z x advances t[>ds ! nor?4 ,! influ5ce ( climate1 9 its relations to moi/ure & dryness1 ^u vegetable productions1 is also wor?y ( inve/igation2 9 wet & cold seasons1 our h]bage is f> less nutritive to cattle1 & we accord+ly f9d t !y are con/antly graz+1 9 ord] to comp5sate by quantity1 = :at is defici5t 9 quality1 :]eas 9 dry seasons1 a l>g] proportion ( _! "t is consum$ 9 rum9ation2 ! same causes1 h[ev]1 t dim9i% ! nutritive p[]s ( plants1 frequ5tly increase ! en]gy ( ^? pr9ciples ^u :i* _! m$ic9al value dep5ds3 x is obvi\s t _m h]bs are m rank & virul5t 9 wet & gloomy seasons3 ?is w\ld appe> to be a wise & provid5t law1 9 ord] to apportion ! natural condim5t ( ! vegetable1 to ! det]iorat$ /ate ( its nutritive elem5ts1 :5 ! dige/ive organs mu/ require m ?an ! ord9>y /imulus = ! due ex]cise ( _! functions4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to obs]ve t plants1 :i* 9 temp]ate climates are m]ely %rubs1 h be5 develop$ into trees1 by ! hot & humid pla9s ( ,africa & ,asia2 :ile 9 ! arid des]ts ( ,nubia or 9 ! frigid pla9s ( ,sib]ia1 vegetable life is conf9$ to /unt$ %rubs & humble mosses3 cold also suppresses ! col\r ( fl[]s1 & inde$ ev5 t ( ! leaves1 z is witness$ 9 ! ,cyclam51 ,am>an?us1 & ,ranunculus ( ,lapl& & ,sib]ia4 ,b climate n only modifies ! p[]s ( a rem$y by influ5c+ its /ructure & composition1 b x r5d]s x m or less active1 by increas+ or dim9i%+ ! susceptibility ( ! body to its impression2 c a m /rik+ pro( ( ?is fact be adduc$ ?an ! well kn[n effects ( p]fumes at ,rome8 ,! inhabitants are unable to su/a9 ! /rong sc5t ( fl[]s 9 t climate1 )\t exp]i5c+ a s5sation highly oppressive1 & :i* 9 "s cases is ev5 succe$$ by syncope1#aai & ?us realis+ ! well kn[n l9e ( ! poet1 8,die ( a ,rose1 9 aromatic pa940 ,z ,i h be5 fav\r$ ) "s v int]e/+ obs]vations ^u ?is subject by ,dr4 ,ri*>d ,h>rison1 :o resid$ = a consid]able "t 9 ,italy1 & 0 ?us enabl$ to in/itute a satisfactory inquiry into ?is curi\s subject1 ,i feel no hesitation 9 introduc+ a quotation f 8 lett] to my read]s4--8,y ask me :at exp]i5ce ,i h _h on ! subject ( climate1 z affect+ ! p[]s & op]ation ( rem$ies2 ,i h no difficulty 9 ass]t+ t ,n>cotics act ) great] =ce ev5 9 small] doses at ,naples1 :]e ,i _h ! advantages ( mu* exp]i5ce1 ?an 9 ,engl&4 ,i might adduce z an example ! ,extract ( ,hyoscyamus1 :i*1 :5 giv5 to ! ext5t ( ?ree gra9s ?rice a day1 produc$ 9 two pati5ts a tempor>y amaurosis1 :i* disappe>$ & aga9 recurr$ on ! alt]nate susp5sion & adm9i/ration ( ?is m$ic9e2 & x des]ves p>ticul> notice t ^! v pati5ts _h be5 9 ! habit ( tak+ simil> doses ( ! same rem$y 9 ,engl&1 )\t any unpleasant result4 ,n[ t ?is dep5d$ ^u an increas$ susceptibility ( ! pati5t1 9 ! w>m] climate1 r ?an an increas$ p[] 9 ! rem$y1 is unque/ionable1 s9ce ! extract :i* 0 adm9i/]$ 9 ,italy _h be5 procur$ f ,london2 inde$ a high /ate ( n]v\s irritation is ! preval5t disord] ( ,naples4 ,i treat$ sev]al cases ( ,epilepsy 9 ,italy ) ! nitrate ( silv]1 & ) complete success1 :ile 9 ,engl& ,i c]ta9ly h n met ) ! same successful results4 ,dur+ my resid5ce at ,naples1 ,i sp5t "s "t 9 ! isl& ( ,is*ia1 s celebrat$ all ov] ! cont95t = its ba?s2 _m ( ! pati5ts :o 7 !n try+ _! efficacy1 _h be5 attack$ by ,p>alysis1 ,apoplexy1 & almo/ e degree ( loss ( m5tal & muscul> p[]1 & among !m ,i c]ta9ly witness$ :at ) propriety might be d5om9at$ a g5u9e case ( ,n]v\s ,apoplexy4 ,^! compla9ts ,i 0 g5]ally able to trace to ! abuse ( ,m]cury1 :5ce we may1 ,i ?9k1 v fairly conclude t ?is metal is m active 9 its effects 9 t1 ?an 9 our own c\ntry4 ,be=e ,i quit ?is subject1 ,i ought to m5tion t ! doses ( m$ic9es1 z se5 9 ! prescriptions & works ( ,engli% ,physicians1 excite univ]sal a/oni%m5t among ! faculty ( ,italy4 ,9 fact1 z ,i h j /at$1 ! human con/itution 9 ?is "p ( ! cont95t is c]ta9ly m susceptible ( n]v\s impression ?an 9 ,engl&3 x is p]fectly true t fl[]s or p]fumes 9 a *amb]1 w frequ5tly produce syncope 9 p]sons app>5tly /rong & heal?y1 & ! fact is s univ]sally admitt$1 t ! ,italians avoid !m ) ! greate/ caution40 ,on ! o!r h&1 x appe>s equally evid5t t "s rem$ies succe$ 9 cold climates :i* produce little or no b5efit 9 w>m] latitudes4 ,soon aft] ! publication ( ! fir/ edition ( my ,ph>macologia1 ,i receiv$ a lett] f ,dr4 ,halliday ( ,mosc[1 ^u ! subject ( ! 8,eau ,m$ic9ale10 & z x (f]s a /rik+ pro( ( ! efficacy ( ! ,rhodod5dron ,*rysan?um 9 cur+ ! rheumatism ( ! ,nor?1 :il/ 9 ?is c\ntry ! plant has be5 repeat$ly tri$ )\t any signal pro( ( success1 ,i %all "h subjo9 an extract f ! lett] ( my correspond5t3 8,9 read+ y\r acc\nt ( ! #8,eau ,m$ic9ale1' ,i p]ceive t1 ^u ! au?ority ( ,mr4 ,james ,moore1 y /ate x to be a prep>ation ( ! ,:ite ,hellebore2 may ,i be all[$ to sugge/ ! probability ( its be+ made f ! leaves ( ! ,rhodod5dron ,*rysan?um8 = s f> z ,i c le>n1 ! effects ( ! ,fr5* m$ic9e are precisely ^? :i* are exp]i5c$ f an infusion ( ! above plant1 :i* ! ,sib]ians & ,russians reg>d z an infallible specific 9 ! cure ( *ronic rheumatism & g\t1 & f :i* ,i myself1 z well z o!r physicians 9 ,russia1 h witness$ ! mo/ desirable & decid$ effects1 :5ev] we _h x 9 our p[] to adm9i/] ! rem$y ) confid5ce & c\rage4 ,we h seldom giv5 x 9 any o!r =m or dose ?an t adopt$ by ! ,sib]ians !mselves1 :i* is to infuse 9 a w>m place1 g5]ally ne> a furnace & dur+ ! night1 two dra*ms ( ! fre% leaves 9 ab\t twelve ounces ( boil+ wat]1 tak+ c>e t ! liquid nev] boils4 ,?is dose is to be tak5 9 ! morn+ ^u an empty /oma*1 & dur+ its nauseat+ op]ation1 :i* g5]ally comm5ces )9 a qu>t] ( an h\r aft] x has be5 swall[$1 nei!r solids nor liquids ( any description are all[$2 aft] an int]val ( ?ree or f\r h\rs1 ,i h se5 ! pati5t obta9 a copi\s & black ftid /ool1 & get up free f pa94 ,%\ld x happ5 t ! pati5t does n recov] f ! fir/ dose1 ano!r is adm9i/]$ on ! succe$+ day1 & ,i h kn[n x to be tak5 = ?ree days 9 succession1 :5 ! sev]e/ fits ( g\t h be5 remov$4#abj ,is x n !n probable t "s cunn+ ,fr5*man has avail$ himself ( ?is ,sib]ian specific1 & conc5trat$ x 9 su* a =m1 z to defy all ! le>n$ to f9d x out80 ,dr4 ,halliday adds1 8,! ,sib]ians d5om9ate ! leaves ( ?is plant1 :5 infus$ 9 wat]1 ,intoxicat+ ,tea2 & a weak] infusion is 9 daily use1 especially = treat+ _! neighb\rs1 j z ! ,europeans d ) tea f ,*9a40 ,be=e we quit ! consid]ation ( ,climate1 z be+ capable ( influ5c+ ! activity ( a rem$y1 ! important fact %\ld n be ov]look$1 t 9 ,india1 & o!r colonies ( simil> temp]ature1 ,m]curial ,m$ic9es1 9 ord] to produce _! b5eficial effects1 require to be adm9i/]$ to an ext5t :i* w\ld prove de/ructive to ! inhabitants ( ?is isl&4 ,b ( all ! circum/ances t produce ! greate/ *ange 9 ! aspect z well z 9 ! virtues ( ! vegetable creation1 is ,,cultivation1 :i* may ei!r de/roy ! m$ic9al prop]ties ( a plant1 or raise 9 x new & mo/ valuable qualities3 cultivation conv]ts s+le into d\ble fl[]s1 by develop+ ! /am5s into petals1 a *ange :i* 9 _m cases de/roys _! efficacy1 z 9 ! camomile1 ,an!mis ,nobilis2 =1 s9ce all ! virtues ( ?is fl[] reside 9 ! disc florets1 x is ( c\rse greatly det]iorat$ by be+ conv]t$ into ! d\ble-fl[]$ v>iety2 by ! op]ation ( graft+ extraord9>y *anges may also be produc$2 ,olivi]1 9 8 travels1 in=ms u t a s(t ,ma/i*e1 hav+ all ! qualities ( t res91 except its consi/5ce1 :i* is t ( turp5t9e1 is procur$ by engraft+ ! ,l5tisk on ! ,*ian ,turp5t9e tree4 ,buffon /ates t our :eat is a factiti\s production rais$ to its pres5t condition by ! art ( agriculture4 ,m4 ,virey#aba obs]ves1 t by suppress+ ! gr[? ( "o "p ( a plant we may respectively give rise to an increas$ developem5t 9 o!rs2 ?us are "s vegetables r5d]$ eunu*s1 or are depriv$ ( se$s by oblit]ation1 & only propagate !mselves by slips2 su* a condition is frequ5tly produc$ by culture1 cont9u$ ?r\gh a long succession ( g5]ations2 ?is is ! case ) ! ,banana1 ,sug> ,cane1 & o!r fruits t h c>efully be5 made to deviate = a long s]ies ( ye>s f _! orig9al types1 & hav+ be5 cont9ually transplant$ by slips1 suck]s1 or roots1 at l5g? only propagate !mselves 9 ?is way1 :]eby ! roots1 z ^? ( ! common potatoe1 become inord9ately develop$1 draw+ to !mselves ! succul5ce & nutrition orig9ally possess$ by ! b]ries4 ,x seems probable t we may ?us h lo/ _m vegetable species2 ! ,tub]es ( ,pl9y1 = example1 are suppos$ by ,mr4 ,&rew ,knight to h be5 int]m$iate productions1 =m$ dur+ ! advancem5t ( ! ,almond to ! ,pea*1 or 9 o!r words t !y 7 swoll5 almonds or imp]fect pea*es2 if ?is conjecture be admitt$1 x w expla9 ! fact /at$ by ,columella1 t ! pea* possess$ delet]i\s qualities :5 x 0 fir/ introduc$ f ,p]sia into ! ,roman ,empire4 ,if !re be any :o feel sceptical ^u ! subject ( su* metamorphoses1 let him visit ! fairy b[]s ( ,horticulture1 & he w !re p]ceive t h] magic w& has n only conv]t$ ! t\gh1 coriace\s cov]+ ( ! ,almond into ! s(t & melt+ fle% ( ! ,pea*1 b t by h] spells1 ! s\r ,sloe has rip5$ into ! delici\s ,plum1 & ! au/]e ,crab ( our woods into ! ,gold5 ,pipp92 t ?is aga9 has be5 made to sport 9 endless v>iety1 emulat+ 9 beauty ( =m & col\r1 9 exub]ance ( f]tility & 9 ri*ness ( flav\r1 ! r>] productions ( w>m] regions1 & m propiti\s climates6 ,9 our cul9>y vegetables ! same progressive amelioration & advancem5t may be trac$2 ?us has ! acrid & disagreeable ,apium graveol5s be5 *ang$ into delici\s ,cel]y1 & ! common ,colewort1 by culture cont9u$ ?r\gh _m ages1 appe>s "u ! improv$ & m useful =ms ( ,cabbage1 ,savoy1 & ,caulifl[]4 ,x has be5 already obs]v$ t ! alim5t>y & m$ic9al virtues are frequ5tly 9 opposition to ea* o!r1 & t :ile cultivation improves ! =m]1 x equally dim9i%es ! latt]2 ,i %all h occasion to (f] "s additional facts ^u ?is curi\s subject1 "u ! consid]ation ( ,bitt] ,extractive2 see ,note on ?is ,extract1 9 ! article 8,tonics40 ,,! ,,ignorant ,,prep>ation ,,& ,,fraudul5t ,,adult]ation ,,( ,,m$ic9es4 ,! circum/ances compreh5d$ "u ?is head c]ta9ly des]ve to be rank$ among/ ! m p[]ful causes1 :i* h op]at$ 9 affect+ ! reputation ( _m m$ic9al sub/ances4 ,! ,p]uvian ,b>k fell into total discr$it 9 ! ye> #aggi1 f its inability to cure ! ague2 & x 0 aft]w>ds discov]$ to h be5 adult]at$ ) b>k ( an inf]ior species2 inde$ ,syd5ham speaks ( ! adult]ation ( ?is sub/ance be=e ! ye> #afgh2 he tells u t he _h nev] us$ to exce$ two dra*ms ( ,c9*ona 9 ! cure ( any int]mitt5t1 b t ( late ! drug 0 s in]t1 rott51 & adult]at$1 x became necess>y to increase its dose to "o1 two1 or ?ree ounces4 ,! subject is copi\s & full ( importance1 & ,i h tak5 consid]able pa9s to collect v fully1 ! v>i\s modes 9 :i* our rem$ies are ?us depriv$ ( _! mo/ valuable prop]ties1 & to sugge/ ! be/ te/s by :i* su* frauds may be discov]$4 ,v few practition]s h an idea ( ! al>m+ ext5t to :i* ?is nef>i\s practice is c>ri$1 or ( ! sy/ematic mann] 9 :i* x is conduct$3 !re c be no d\bt b t ! sophi/ication ( m$ic9es has be5 practis$ 9 degree 9 all ages1#abb b ! ref9em5ts ( *emi/ry h enabl$ ! manufactur]s ( ! pres5t day1 n only to execute ^! frauds ) great] address1 b un=tunately1 at ! same "t1 to v5d !m ) less *ance ( detection4 ,x w be sc>cely cr$it$1 :5 ,i affirm t _m hundr$ p]sons are support$ 9 ?is metropolis by ! art ( adult]at+ drugs1 besides a numb] ( wom5 & *ildr5 :o f9d ample employm5t & excell5t pr(it 9 c\nt]feit+ ,co*9eal ) col\r$ d\gh1 ,is+lass ) pieces ( bladd] & ! dri$ sk9 ( soles1 & by fill+ up ) p[d]$ ,sassafras ! holes :i* are bor$ 9 spice & nutmegs1 = ! purpose ( plund]+ _! ess5tial oils4 ,,! ,,unseasonable ,,collection ,,( ,,vegetable ,,rem$ies4 ,vegetable physiology has demon/rat$1 t dur+ ! progress ( vegetation mo/ rem>kable *anges occur 9 succession1 9 ! *emical composition1 z well z 9 ! s5sible qualities ( a plant2 "t w n all[ me to be prodigal ( examples1 take !re=e "o :i* is famili> & /rik+1--! aromatic & spicy qualities ( ! unexp&$ fl[]s ( ! ,c>yophyllus ,aromaticus 7,cloves7 are well kn[n to e body1 b if ! fl[]-bud be fully develop$ x loses ^! prop]ties altoge!r1 & ! fruit ( ! tree is n 9 ! lea/ degree aromatic2 s ! b]ries ( ,pim5to1 :5 !y come to full maturity1 lose _! aromatic w>m? & acquire a flav\r v analog\s to t ( ,junip]4 ,! ,col*icum autumnale may be cit$ z ano!r example 9 :i* ! m$ic9al prop]ties ( ! vegetable are entirely *ang$ dur+ ! natural progress ( its developem5t4 ,see also ,inspissat$ ,juices1 "u ! article ,extract4 ,,! ,,obscurity ,,:i* ,,has ,,att5d$ ,,! ,,op]ation ,,( ,,comp\nd ,,m$ic9es4 ,x is evid5t t ! fallacies to :i* our obs]vations & exp]i5ce are liable ) respect to ! efficacy ( c]ta9 bodies1 z rem$ies1 mu/ be necess>ily multipli$ :5 su* bodies are exhibit$ 9 a /ate ( complicat$ comb9ation1 s9ce x mu/ be always difficult1 & (t5 impossible1 to asc]ta9 to :i* +r$i5t ! effects produc$ ought to be attribut$4 ,h[ _m frivol\s sub/ances h f ?is cause alone ga9$ a %>e ( cr$it1 :i* belong$ exclusively to ! m$ic9es ) :i* !y happ5$ to be accid5tally adm9i/]$8#abc ,num]\s are ! examples :i* ,i might adduce 9 pro( ( ?is ass]tion2 ! hi/ory ( ,bezo>#abd w\ld 9 itself furni% a mass ( /rik+ evid5ce1 inde$ ! reputation ( ?is absurd sub/ance 0 ma9ta9$ mu* long] ?an x o!rwise w\ld h be51 by its exhibition hav+ be5 frequ5tly accompani$ ) t ( m active articles4 ,mon>des1 = in/ance1 extols ! efficacy ( ! ,bezo> z a v]mifuge1 b he /ates t x %\ld be mix$ ) ! se$s ( ,wormwood4 ,besides1 9 ! exub]ance ( mixture1 c]ta9 re-actions & important *anges are mutually produc$1 by :i* ! id5tity ( ! orig9al +r$i5ts is de/roy$2 b ?is subject w be introduc$ = discussion 9 ! fir/ "p ( ! ,ph>macologia4 ,! practice ( mix+ toge!r diff]5t m$ic9al sub/ances1 s z to =m "o rem$y1 may boa/ ( v anci5t orig91 = mo/ ( ! prescriptions :i* h desc5d$ f ! ,greek physicians are ( ?is description2 ! unc]ta9 & vague results ( su* a practice appe> also to h be5 e>ly felt1 & (t5 condemn$1 & ev5 ,erasi/ratus declaim$ ) great w>m? aga9/ ! complicat$ m$ic9es :i* 7 adm9i/]$ 9 8 "t2 ! great] numb] ( ^! compositions pres5t a mass ( incongru\s mat]ials1 put toge!r )\t any app>5t ord] or int5tion2 inde$ x w\ld almo/ appe> z if !y reg>d$ a m$ical =mula z a problem 9 ,p]mutation1 ! only object ( :i* 0 to discov] & assign ! numb] ( *anges t c be made 9 any giv5 numb] ( ?+s1 all diff]5t f ea* o!r4 ,at ! same "t x mu/ 9 ju/ice be all[$1 t "s ( ! e>li] physicians ent]ta9$ j notions ) reg>d to ! use & abuse ( comb9ation1 al?\gh _! k ( ! subject 0 ( c\rse extremely limit$ & imp]fect4 ,,oribasius#abe recomm5ds 9 high t]ms c]ta9 comb9ations ( ,evacuant & ,roborant m$ic9es1 & ! rem>ks ( ,,alex&] ,,trallianus on a rem$y :i* he exhibit$ 9 p>alysis1 s]ve to %ew t he 0 well acqua9t$ ) ! fact1 t c]ta9 sub/ances lose _! efficacy :5 !y /imulate ! b[els to excess1 = he cautions u aga9/ add+ a great] proportion ( ,scammony to x2 _m1 he obs]ves1 ?9k t by s do+1 !y increase ! =ce ( ! m$ic9e1 :]eas 9 fact !y make x useless1 by c>ry+ x imm$iately ?r\gh ! b[els1 in/ead ( suff]+ x to rema9 & be convey$ to ! remote p>ts4 ,9 mod]n ,europe1 ! same atta*m5t to luxuriancy ( composition has be5 transmitt$ to our own times3 !re are sev]al prescriptions ( ,huxham extant1 :i* conta9 m ?an f\r hundr$ +r$i5ts4 ,i h already obs]v$ t all extravagant sy/ems t5d1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 to introduce practices ( an opposite k9d2 ?is tru? f9ds ano!r p[]ful illu/ration 9 ! hi/ory ( m$ic9al comb9ation1 & x becomes a s]i\s "q1 :i* x w be my duty to discuss1 :e!r ! disgu/ s ju/ly excit$ by ! poly-ph>macy ( our pr$ecessors1 may n h induc$ ! physician ( ! pres5t day to c>ry 8 ideas ( simplicity too f>1 s z to neglect & lose ! advantages :i* 9 _m cases beyond all d\bt may be obta9$ by sci5tific comb9ations4 8,to ^?10 says ,sir ,a4 ,cri*ton1 8:o ?9k t ! ,sci5ce ( ,m$ic9e is improv$ by an affect$ simplicity 9 prescrib+1 ,i w\ld rem>k1 t mod]n ph>macopias are %orn s mu* ( old & approv$ receipts1#abf on acc\nt ( _! be+ extraord9>y comp\nds1 s z to be almo/ useless 9 "s cases40 ,9 ! ye> #agii1 ,dr4 ,,=dyce1 9 a valuable pap] publi%$ 9 ! second volume ( ! ,transactions ( ! ,m$ical ,society1 inve/igat$ ?is subject ) mu* p]spicuity & success3 un=tunately1 h[ev]1 ?is memoir t]m9ates ) ! inve/igation ( simil> rem$ies1 t is to say1 ( ^? :i* produce ^u ! body simil> effects1 & he is entirely sil5t ^u ! advantages :i* may be obta9$ by ! comb9ation ( ^? m$ic9es :i* possess diff]5t1 or ev5 opposite qualities2 x mu/ be also rememb]$ t at ! "t ?is memoir 0 compos$ by its em95t au?or1 ,*emi/ry _h sc>cely ext5d$ its illum9at+ rays into ! recesses ( physic4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 ,i am induc$ to und]take ! ardu\s task ( inquir+ into ! sev]al relations 9 :i* ea* article ( a comp\nd =mula may be advantage\sly situat$ ) respect to ! o!rs2 & ,i am f>!r enc\rag$ 9 ?is inve/igation1 by a conviction ( its practical importance1 z well z by feel+ t x has hi!rto nev] receiv$ ! %>e ( att5tion :i* x m]its4 8,i ?9k10 says ,dr4 ,p[ell1 8x may be ass]t$1 )\t fe> ( contradiction1 t no m$ic9e comp\nd$ ( five or six simple articles1 has hi!rto _h its p[]s exam9$ 9 a rational mann]40 ,if ?is attempt %\ld be ! means ( direct+ ! att5tion ( future practition]s to ! subject1 & !reby ( r5d]+ ! ,art ( ,composition m effici5t1 by plac+ x ^u ! p]man5t basis ( sci5ce1 ,i %all feel t ,i h pr(itably devot$ my "t & att5tion to ! mo/ useful ( all m$ical subjects4 8,res e/ maximi mom5ti 9 arte m$5di1 cum1 ,=mula 9 se consid]ata1 possit esse pr(ecto mortis vel vit s5t5tia40 ,,ph>macologia4 ,,on ,,! ,,op]ations ,,( ,,m$ic9al ,,bodies1 ,,& ,,on ,,! ,,classifications ,,f\nd$ ,,on ,,!m4 8,m$icos t&em tdet et pudet1 diutius g>rire de ,rem$iis1 ,specificis1 et ,alexiph>micis1 et ct]is1 nisi eorum naturam et modum quo pros9t1 quodammodo o/5d]e et explan>e poss9t40 ,,conspect4 ,,m$4 ,,!or4 ,,ph>macologia4 ,,on ,,! ,,op]ations ,,( ,,m$ic9al ,,bodies1 ,,& ,,on ,,! ,,classifications ,,f\nd$ ,,on ,,!m4 ,m$ic9al ,sub/ances are ^? bodies1 :i*1 by due adm9i/ration1 are capable ( produc+ c]ta9 *anges 9 ! condition ( ! liv+ sy/em1 :]eby its morbid actions may be entirely remov$1 or advantage\sly controll$4 ,9 adopt+ ?is def9ition we int5tionally exclude ^? alim5t>y sub/ances :i* are m imm$iately subs]vi5t to ! support ( life1 & to ! repair ( t diurnal wa/e1 :i* ! ex]cise ( its functions s inevitably occasions4 ,x has be5 g5]ally suppos$1 t sub/ances ^: application does n produce any s5sible action ^u ! heal?y sy/em1 _c possess m$ic9al en]gy2 &1 on ! contr>y1 t ^? bodies :i* occasion an app>5t effect 9 heal?1 mu/ necess>ily prove active 9 ! cure or palliation ( disease4 ,"u c]ta9 limitations we may p]haps v5ture to ass5t to ?is g5]al proposition2 b x _c be too =cibly or too frequ5tly impress$ ^u ! m9d ( ! m$ical practition]1 t ,m$ic9es are frequ5tly b relative ag5ts1 produc+ _! effects 9 ref]5ce only to ! /ate ( ! liv+ frame2 we mu/ !re=e concur ) ,sir ,gilb]t ,blane 9 /at+1 t ! virtues ( ,m$ic9es _c be fairly essay$1 nor b5eficially asc]ta9$1 by try+ _! effects on s\nd subjects1 because t p>ticul> morbid condition does n exi/ :i* !y may be exclusively calculat$ to remove2#abg ?us 9 c]ta9 /ates ( debility1 ,tonics may excite ! sy/em :5 languid1 by _! sympa!tic influ5ce ^u ! prim vi1 :ile 9 a robu/ condition ( ! body1 ! effects ( ! same ag5ts may be :olly inappreciable4 ,! ,,modus ,,op]&i ( rem$ies1 or ! g5]al pr9ciple ^u :i* !y effect salut>y *anges 9 ! morbid /ates ( ! body1 is involv$ 9 consid]able obscurity1 & has giv5 rise to mu* +5i\s speculation & sci5tific controv]sy4 ,x w\ld seem t ! imm$iate impression ( a rem$y may dep5d ^u me*anical1 *emical1 or vital ag5cies2 & t ! sanative impulse ?us occasion$ may ei!r be ,absolute1 or ,relative2--,prim>y1 or ,second>y2--,local1 or ,g5]al2--,direct1 or ,sympa!tic2--,p]man5t1 or ,transi5t2--?us c]ta9 purgatives w occasion inte/9al excretions 9 e condition ( ! body1 & may !re=e be ju/ly consid]$ z absolute ag5ts2 :ile diuretics1 s9ce !y g5]ally require = _! success1 a c]ta9 /ate ( ! liv+ sy/em1 may ) equal tru? be d5om9at$ relative 9 _! op]ation4 ,t ! obvi\s effect ( a rem$y may ei!r dep5d ^u its ,prim>y1 or ^u its ,second>y & incid5tal op]ation1 w at once be app>5t by inspect+ ! diagram :i* exhibits ! classification ( diuretic m$ic9es2 ! same s*eme w also %ew t rem$ies may be local or g5]al 9 _! effects1 & may excite an action 9 di/ant organs1 ei!r by ent]+ ! circulat+ mass1 & be+ ?us br\ght into contact ) _! textures2--by occasion+ an impulse convey$ ?r\gh ! n]v\s sy/em1--or by excit+ a local impression ^u ! /oma* & prim vi1 & ?us ar\s+ _! en]gies ?r\gh ! my/]i\s m$ium ( sympa!tic#abh communication4 ,t c]ta9 bodies are capable ( evad+ ! assimilat+ functions1 & ( ent]+1 un*ang$1 into ! circulat+ curr5t1 ei!r ?r\gh ! bran*es ( ! ?oracic duct1 or ( ! v5a port>um1 is a fact :i* admits ( *emical demon/ration2 _m ( ! alkal9e salts are ?us convey$ to ! kidneys1 & be+ excret$ f ! blood by its vessels1 are to be easily detect$ 9 ! ur9e by appropriate reag5ts2 ,i h made _m exp]im5ts ^u ?is subject1 & am prep>$ to /ate "s results :i* may p]haps expla9 ! occasional value ( su* bodies z m$ic9es4 ,"s ess5tial oils1 p>ticul> bitt] pr9ciples1#abi & c]ta9 col\r+ matt]1#acj seem also capable ( pass+ ! b>ri]s ( dige/ion1 & ( circulat+ to ! remote p>ts ( ! body2 ,m]cury1 & sev]al ( ! o!r metals1 w\ld likewise appe>1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 to possess a simil> privilege1 & ! =m] to be able moreov] to facilitate ! absorption ( o!r bodies ) :i* x may be associat$1 z ,i %all h]eaft] m fully exemplify4 ,9 "s in/ances1 ! m$ic9al body und]goes a p>tial decomposition by ! dige/ive organs1 9 transitu1 by :i* "s ( its con/itu5ts escape into ! circulation1 :ile ! o!rs are completely dige/$1 & conv]t$ into *yle2 ?is occurs ) sal9e comp\nds into :i* vegetable acids ent] z con/itu5ts4 ,see ,potass ,acetas4 ,x is also /at$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ,dilu5ts1 t !re is reason to believe t ,wat] may "u p>ticul> circum/ances suff] decomposition1 & transf] its elem5ts = ! =mation ( new comp\nds1 furni%+ oxyg5 to "s1 & hydrog5 to o!rs4 ,!re is likewise reason to suppose1 t 9 p>ticul> conditions ( ! dige/ive functions1 a rem$y may be at once r5d]$ in]t by its entire decomposition4#aca ,t an impression made ^u ! /oma* by a m$ic9al ag5t1 %\ld be ! means ( excit+ an action 9 ! di/ant p>ts ( ! ma*9e1 w n appe> extraord9>y :5 we consid] h[ univ]sal a sympa?y & control ?is c5tral organ ex]cises ov] e function ( ! body2 imbu$ ) exquisite & div]sifi$ s5sibilities1--subject$ to ! fir/ & co>se/ impressions ( our v>i\s +e/a1--/ret*$ occasionally to an enorm\s ext5t by ! unre/rict$ indulg5ce ( appetite1--di/urb$ by ! passions1--exhau/$ by volition1 & debilitat$ by int5se ?9k+2 9 %ort1 assail$ by num]\s foes f )\t1 & h>ass$ by v>i\s revolutions f )91 c we feel surpris$ t ! ab]rations ( ?is viscus %\ld give orig9 to ! great] numb] ( maladies ) :i* we are afflict$1 or t ^? m$ic9al applications %\ld be effective t are direct$ = _! cure1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( its sympa?ies8 ,a dose ( ,ipecacuan1 by excit+ ! /oma*1 w abate bo? ! =ce & velocity ( ! he>t 9 its vital motion1 & affect ! :ole s]ies ( blood vessels1 f _! orig9 to _! mo/ m9ute ramifications1 z is ev9c$ by ! pallor ( ! sk9 "u its op]ation1 z well z by its efficacy 9 arre/+ hemorrhage2 s ! bra91 :5 disord]$ by v]tigo1 frequ5tly d]ives in/antane\s relief f ! adm9i/ration ( a tea-spoonful ( !r 9 a glass ( wat]4 ,! /oma* h[ev] is n 9 e case ! m$ium ( sympa?y2 a sub/ance may excite a p[]ful impression ^u a di/ant "p1 by ! in/rum5tality ( ! n]ves1 )\t any concurr5ce ( ! /oma*2 ?us1 ! ,belladonna1 by com+ 9 contact ) ! ,tunica ,conjunctiva ( ! eye1 w occasion imm$iate dilatation ( ! ,iris1 al?\gh no o!r "p ( ! sy/em is 9 ! slighte/ degree affect$4 ,b !re is yet ano!r mode by :i* rem$ies may be made to ex]t a sanative effect ^u p>ticul> organs ( ! body1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( :at ,mr4 ,hunt] call$ contigu\s sympa?y1 & ^: exi/5ce appe>s to dep5d ^u ! m]e proximity & contiguity ( p>ts1 )\t any relation to ! di/ribution ( ! n]ves2 ?us x is1 t relief is af=d$ to a deep-seat$ inflammation1 by sc>ify+ ! ne>e/ ext]nal surface2 :ile we "k f long exp]i5ce t ! ?oracic or abdom9al visc]a1 :5 simil>ly affect$1 receive correspond+ relief f ! same topical use ( ble$+1 bli/]+1 or fom5t+4 ,) respect to ! ,modus ,op]&i ( m$ic9es ! foll[+ classification may be e/abli%$4 ,,! ,,p>ticul> ,,organs ,,( ,,! ,,body ,,may ,,be ,,excit$ ,,into ,,action1 ,,?r\gh ,,f\r ,,di/9ct ,,& ,,diff]5t ,,modes ,,( ,,communication4 ,i4 ,by ! actual contact ( ! appropriate rem$y4 #a4 ,convey$ by absorption1 ,,)\t ,,decomposition4 ,int]nally4a4 ?r\gh ! bran*es ( ! ,?oracic duct4 b4 ?r\gh ! bran*es ( ! ,v5a ,port>um4#acb ,ext]nally4c4 ?r\gh ! bran*es ( divid$ blood-vessels4 d4 ?r\gh ! bran*es ( ,lymphatics4#acc #b4 ,convey$ by absorption1 ,,) ,,decomposition1 by :i* "o or m ( its con/itu5ts are develop$1 & pass into ! circulat+ curr5t4 ,,ii4 ,by an impulse convey$ ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( ! n]ves4 ,,iii4 ,by ! sympa!tic control ex]t$ by ! /oma* on di/ant p>ts4 ,,iv4 ,by ! op]ation ( contigu\s sympa?y1 or ( t :i* is excit$ by ! m]e proximity & cont9uity ( p>ts4 ,& x is important to obs]ve1 t ^! are frequ5tly antagoni/ op]ations1 & consequ5tly1 t rem$ies1 al?\gh !y %\ld occasion ! same app>5t effects1 unless !y act ?r\gh ! same m$ium1 are n ,,simil> ag5ts1 b on ! contr>y1 are g5]ally m$ic9ally incompatible ) ea* o!r2 = an illu/ration ( ?is tru?1 ! practition] may ref] to ! obs]vations :i* ,i h (f]$ "u ! hi/ory ( diuretics4 ,! difficulty ( ju/ly appreciat+ ^! ph5om5a1 9 e in/ance1 has furni%$ a p[]ful objection aga9/ ! validity ( any classification ( m$ic9al sub/ances :i* is f\nd$ on _! suppos$ modes ( op]ation2 & x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t1 if we are unable to assign to rem$ies _! prim>y action1 or to di/+ui% ?is f _! m obvi\s1 ?\gh p]haps second>y effects1 we %all frequ5tly be compell$ to place simil> m$ic9es "u opposite heads1 & to include ^? ( v dissimil> *>act]s "u ! same artificial division2 an error :i* has contribut$ m g5]ally to emb>rass & misguide our practice ?an any o!r !rapeutical fallacy1 & x 0 ! conviction ( ?is tru? :i* induc$ me to introduce ! pres5t *apt]1 & to impress ! importance ( its subject ^u ! att5tion ( my practical read]s4 ,x is probable t1 9 philosophical /rictness1 no two m$ic9es 9 our ,mat]ia ,m$ica are p]fectly simil>1 al?\gh !y rec$e f ea* o!r by su* ins5sible %ades ( gradation t we may ) practical advantage admit _! p>allelism2 at ! same "t1 x mu/ be ev] kept 9 remembrance1 t ^? ,m$ic9es only are practically simil>1 ^: op]ations h be5 f\nd by exp]i5ce to cont9ue simil> "u e condition ( ! human body2 & :i*1 moreov]1 owe su* simil>ity to modes ( op]ation :i* are compatible ) ea* o!r1 & consonant ) ! g5]al indications ( cure4 ,! importance ( admitt+ ?is proposition w be frequ5tly illu/rat$ 9 ! sequel2 & x may be obs]v$ 9 ?is place1 t e classification 9 :i* x is n recognis$ z a lead+ pr9ciple1 mu/ be z imp]fect 9 its execution1 z x w be unju/ & errone\s 9 its views4 ,be=e ,i proce$ to any f>!r discussion ^u ! pres5t subject1 x w be necess>y to (f] a synoptical view ( an arrangem5t ( m$ic9al bodies f\nd$ ^u ! basis ( _! op]ations1 9 ord] t ,i may be bett] enabl$ to illu/rate ! obs]vations :i* x is my int5tion to introduce3 = ?is purpose ,i %all pres5t ! read] ) ?ree diff]5t classifications ( ?is k9d2 ! fir/ be+ t propos$ by ,dr4 ,cull51#acd & :i* is n[ admitt$ to re/ on pr9ciples ne>ly altoge!r false1 b ! inve/igation ( :i* w af=d _m useful lessons ( practical importance2 ! second classification is by ,dr4 ,"y2#ace & ! ?ird is t propos$ by ,dr4 ,murray1#acf :i*1 f its simplicity & /rict con=mity ) ! views ,i int5d to (f]1 w be adopt$ z be+ ! mo/ eligible = ! occasion4 ,,cull5',s ,,arrangem5t ,,( ,,! ,,mat]ia ,,m$ica4 ,m$icam5ta agunt 9 ,,solida4 ,,simplicia4 ,a/r+5tia4 ,tonica4 ,emolli5tia4 ,erod5tia4 ,,viva4 ,/imulantia4 ,s$antia4 ,n>cotica4 ,refrig]antia4 ,antispasmodica4 ,,fluida4 ,,immutantia4 ,fluiditatem4 ,att5uantia4 ,inspissantia4 ,mi/uram4 ,acrimoniam ,corrig5tia4 ,9 ,g5]e4 ,demulc5tia4 ,9 ,specie4 ,ant-acida4 ,ant-alkal9a4 ,antiseptica4 ,,evacuantia4 ,errh9a4 ,sialogoga4 ,expectorantia4 ,emetica4 ,ca?>tica4 ,diuretica4 ,diaphoretica4 ,m5agoga4 ,,classification ,,( ,,! ,,mat]ia ,,m$ica ,,by ,,dr4 ,,"y4 ,i4 ,,*emical ,,ag5ts4 #a4 ,cau/ics4 #b4 ,antiseptics4 #c4 ,antidotes4 #d4 ,demulc5ts4 #e4 ,dilu5ts4 ,,ii4 ,,vital ,,ag5ts4 ,a4 ,,support+ ,,/r5g?4 #a4 ,nutri5ts4 ,b4 ,,caus+ ,,action4 ,,p>tial ,,transi5t4#a4 ,exp]gefaci5ts4 #b4 ,excitants4 #c4 ,calefaci5ts4 #d4 ,sudorifics4 #e4 ,errh9es4 #f4 ,sialogogues4 #g4 ,expectorants4 #h4 ,/oma*ics4 #i4 ,emetics4 #aj4 ,ca?>tics4 #aa4 ,*ologogues4 #ab4 ,hydrogogues4 #ac4 ,simply ,propell5ts4 #ad4 ,an!lm9tics4 #ae4 ,diuretics4 #af4 ,c>m9atives4 #ag4 ,emm5agogues4 #ah4 ,epispa/ics4 #ai4 ,suppuratories4 #bj4 ,sorbefaci5ts4 #ba4 ,a/r+5ts4 ,,p]man5t4 ,tonics4 ,c4 ,,dim9i%+ ,,action ,,or ,,s5sation4 ,prim>ily #a4 ,n>cotics4 #b4 ,s$atives4 #c4 ,nauseants4 #d4 ,diaphoretics4 ,second>ily ,exhauri5ts4 ,,iii4 ,,ins5sible ,,ag5ts4 ,specifics4 ,,classification ,,( ,,rem$ies ,,by ,,dr4 ,,murray4 ,a4 ,,g5]al ,,/imulants4 a4 ,diffusible4 ,n>cotics4 ,antispasmodics4 b4 ,p]man5t4 ,tonics4 ,a/r+5ts4 ,b4 ,,local ,,/imulants4 ,emetics4 ,ca?>tics4 ,emm5agogues4 ,diuretics4 ,diaphoretics4 ,expectorants4 ,sialogogues4 ,errh9es4 ,epispa/ics4 ,c4 ,,*emical ,,rem$ies4 ,refrig]ants4 ,antacids4 ,li?ontriptics4 ,es*>otics4 ,d4 ,,me*anical ,,rem$ies4 ,an!lm9tics4 ,demulc5ts4 ,dilu5ts4 ,emolli5ts4 ,) respect to ! classification ( ,dr4 ,cull51 we may comm5ce our objections by /at+1 t ! v basis ^u :i* x re/s is a m]e gratuit\s assumption1 viz4 t c]ta9 m$ic9es act on ! fluids ( ! body4 ,) ! exception ( a v few sub/ances1 x is n[ g5]ally admitt$ t m$ic9es produce _! effects by act+ on ! liv+ mat]ials ( :i* our organs are compos$1 & n by modify+ ! specific gravity1 or *emical composition1 ( ! fluids :i* !y may happ5 to evacuate4 ,! orig9 ( ?is latt] op9ion is to be trac$ to ! explod$ notions ( ! humoral pa?ologi/s1 & to ! exclusive doctr9e ( ! e>li] *emi/s2 = z ! =m] recognis$ a deprav$ condition ( ! fluids z ! s\rce ( e disease1 s did ! latt] imag9e t e rem$y op]at$ by produc+ a *emical *ange ^u its composition2 & ! rem$ial value ( a m$ic9al sub/ance 0 e/imat$ by its effects ^u in]t matt]4 ,?us 7 exp]im5ts made ) diff]5t sub/ances ^u ! blood1 & o!r fluids ( ! body1 9 ord] to d$uce1 f ! results1 ! nature & ext5t ( _! p[]s z ag5ts ^u ! liv+ frame2 = in/ance1 ! _s & salt ( h>t%orn1 z !y 7 f\nd to r5d] ! blood m fluid1 :5 add$ to x1 out ( ! body1 7 indiscrim9ately adm9i/]$ 9 almo/ e compla9t1 ) a view to dissolve t 8l5tor ( ! fluids0 :i* 0 reg>d$ z ! m g5]al s\rce ( disease4 ,= simil> reasons1 a tribe ( m$ic9es 7 introduc$ into practice "u ! title ( ,antiseptics1 = ! prev5tion ( a process :i* v probably nev] takes place 9 ! liv+ body3 ! p[]s ( ^! suppos$ ag5ts 71 z usual1 inf]r$ f _! effects 9 resi/+ & prev5t+ ! putrefaction ( dead matt]4 ,nor is ! di/9ction assum$ by ,dr4 ,cull51 betwe5 ! action ( rem$ies on ! ,simple & ,liv+ solids less hypo!tical4 ,tonics & a/r+5ts may c]ta9ly ex]t a b5eficial effect ^u ! animal fibre1 b n by any imm$iate action on its mat]ials1 b ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( its liv+ pr9ciple4--8,m$icam5tum non agit 9 cadav]40 ,! classification ( ,dr4 ,"y1 al?\gh x pres5ts _m po9ts ( int]e/ & value1 is n altoge!r free f objection2 8 classes 9 "s in/ances are p]haps unnecess>ily sub-divid$1 )\t a suffici5t reg>d to ! prim>y & second>y op]ations ( ! sub/ances :i* !y include4 ,! arrangem5t ( ,murray has be5 adopt$ 9 ! pres5t inquiry1 n z be+ less objectionable1 9 a g5]al po9t ( view1 b z "o :i* f its simplicity1 is bett] calculat$1 z a frame-"w1 if ,i may s express myself1 = ! display ( ^? p>ticul> facts1 ! k ( :i* ,i consid] ess5tial = ! successful adm9i/ration ( m$ic9al ag5ts1 & = ! full compreh5sion ( ^? practical doctr9es :i* x is ! exclusive object ( ?is "w to inculcate4 ,dr4 ,murray obs]ves t1 9 ?is arrangem5t1 he places 9 ! fir/ division ^? sub/ances :i* ex]t a ,,g5]al ,,/imulant op]ation on ! sy/em4 ,( ?is !re are two sub-divisions1 ! ,,diffusible & ! ,,p]man5t2 ! =m] includ+ ! class ( ,n>cotics1 ) :i* may be associat$1 z n v remote 9 _! op]ation1 ! class ( ,antispasmodics2 ! latt] compris+ two classes1 viz4 ,tonics & ,a/r+5ts4 ,?r\gh ^! !re is a gradual transition f ! mo/ highly diffusible /imulant1 to ^? mo/ sl[ & durable 9 _! action4 ,a second division compreh5ds ,,local ,,/imulants1 ^?1 ! action ( :i* is det]m9$ to p>ticul> p>ts ( ! sy/em4 ,su* are ! classes ( ,emetics1 ,ca?>tics1 ,emm5agogues1 ,diuretics1 ,diaphoretics1 ,expectorants1 & ,sialogogues2 ) :i* may be associat$ ! classes ( ,errh9es & ( ,epispa/ics1 f\nd$ on direct local application4 ,! rema9+ classes include sub/ances :i* d n op]ate accord+ to laws peculi> to ! liv+ sy/em4 ,to "o division may be ref]r$ ^?1 ^: effects dep5d on ! ,,*emical *anges !y produce 9 ! fluids or solids2 ! classes :i* may be e/abli%$ on ?is pr9ciple are ,refrig]ants1 ,antacids1 ,li?on?riptics1 & ,es*>otics4 ,to ano!r division belong ^?1 ! op]ation ( :i* is purely ,,me*anical1 z ,an!lm9tics1 ,demulc5ts1 ,dilu5ts1 ,emolli5ts1 & c]ta9 ,laxatives4 ,"u ! above classes1 says ,dr4 ,murray1#acg may be compreh5d$ all ^? sub/ances :i* are capable ( produc+ salut>y *anges 9 ! human sy/em1 & :i* are us$ z rem$ies4 ,i h /at$ my reasons = adopt+ ?is z a g5]al basis ( classification1 al?\gh ,i %all deviate v consid]ably 9 ! subord9ate divisions ( ! plan1 9 ! hope ( e/abli%+ "s di/9ctions t may t5d to practical utility4 #a4 ,,g5]al ,,/imulants4 ,! f\r classes compreh5d$ "u ?is fir/ division1 are ,,n>cotics1 ,,antispasmodics1 ,,tonics1 & ,,a/r+5ts4 ,al?\gh ^! rem$ies diff] v ess5tially 9 ! degree & p]man5ce ( _! action1 z well z 9 ! "* ( _! app>5t effects1 yet1 z x is conceiv$ t _! prim>y op]ation is /imulant1 !y are consid]$ z possess+ suffici5t g5]al similitude to sanction _! arrangem5t "u "o compreh5sive division4 ,,n>cotics4 ,synon3 ,s$atives4 ,anodynes4 ,hypnotics4 ,soporifics4 ,sub/ances :i*1 9 a mod]ate dose1 occasion a tempor>y increase ( ! actions ( ! n]v\s & vascul> sy/ems1 b :i* is foll[$ by a great] depression ( ! vital p[]s ?an is comm5surate ) ! degree ( previ\s excitem5t1 & :i* is g5]ally foll[$ by sleep4 ,! relative int5sity ( ^! prim>y & second>y effects v>ies 9 ! diff]5t n>cotics1#ach & ev5 9 ! same n>cotic 9 diff]5t doses2 9 "s cases1 especially if ! quantity adm9i/]$ be consid]able1 ! symptoms ( dim9i%$ s5se & action foll[ s imm$iately1 t ! previ\s /age ( increas$ action is v obscure1 or n 9 ! lea/ p]ceptible1 :ile 9 o!r cases1 ! op]ation ( ! sub/ance is m p>ticul>ly direct$ t[>ds ! he>t & art]ies1 & syncope succe$s its exhibition4 ,^! facts h l$ _m physiologi/s to d5y ! /imulant nature ( ^! bodies1 & to consid] _! prim>y op]ation z "o ( a depress+ k9d1 :5ce !y h be/[$ ^u !m ! "n ( ,,s$atives2 9 ref]r+ to ! classification ( ,cull5 & ,"y1 we %all f9d t ! arrangem5t ( ^! sub/ances has be5 direct$ 9 /rict con=mity ) su* a view ( ! subject2 b x may be ask$1 h[ ! increas$ excitem5t & exhil>ation :i* s obvi\sly foll[ ! use ( ^! bodies1 9 small doses1 c be reconcil$ ) t !ory :i* consid]s !m z absolutely & prim>ily s$ative8 ,9 ord] to combat an argum5t s fatal to 8 hypo!sis1 ,dr4 ,cull5 summons to 8 aid ! pot5t int]cession ( 8 tutel> deity1 ! ,vis ,m$icatrix1 a p[] :i* he supposes to preside ov] our liv+ body1 & ) anxi\s vigilance1 to resi/ ! invasion ( e ?+ t is noxi\s1 or ho/ile to its heal? & well be+2 ) su* assi/ance x 0 n difficult to expla9 any p>adox 9 physiology1 & ! anomalies att5d+ ! ag5cy ( n>cotic m$ic9es 7 accord+ly1 9 ! s*ool ( ,cull51 easily reconcil$ ) ! views ( a fav\rite !ory4 ,he suppos$ t :5ev] a s$ative 0 appli$ 9 a mod]ate dose1 ! ,vis ,m$icatrix took ! al>m1 & excit$ all ! p[]s ( ! sy/em1 9 ord] to ?r[ (f ! noxi\s application1 & t ?us indirectly arose ^? peculi> symptoms ( increas$ action2 b :5 ! dose 0 m consid]able1 he cont5d$ t ! pres]v+ p[] ( ! sy/em 0 sil5c$1 & unable to (f] any salut>y resi/ance1 & consequ5tly t univ]sal depression imm$iately foll[$2 b !re is no direct evid5ce 9 support ( ! exi/5ce ( su* a p[]1 & /ill less ( its influ5ce ^u su* occasions2 x is f> m philosophical to ref] ! op]ation ( n>cotics to a peculi> /imulat+ p[]1 rem>kable = ! extreme rapidity ) :i* x exhau/s ! en]gy ( ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,no "o w d5y ! /imulat+ p[]s ( alcohol1 & yet a v l>ge draught ( ?is liquor w occasion extreme exhau/ion )\t ! occurr5ce ( any signs ( previ\s excitem5t2 nor w any "o be dispos$ to "q ! depress+ influ5ce ( opium1 & yet small doses h enk9dl$ excitem5t & su/a9$ ! p[]s ( life1 "u circum/ances ( extreme & al>m+ exhau/ion4#aci ,f ! cel]ity ) :i* n>cotics produce _! effects1 x is reasonable to suppose t !y act ^u ! n]v\s sy/em ?r\gh ! sympa!tic relations ( ! /oma*1 al?\gh 9 "s in/ances x is highly probable t ^! bodies are actually absorb$ into ! circulation2 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t ?is occurs ) opium1 z dea? is accel]at$ 9 cases ( p]sons poison$ by x1 by ! adoption ( ^? measures :i* are be/ calculat$ to promote its absorption3 7see ,opium47 ,a /ill m /rik+ pro( is furni%$ by ! fact ( opium1 :5 ext]nally appli$ to ulc]s1 produc+ all its con/itutional effects1 su* z co/iv5ess1 head-a*e1 nausea1 c4 ,:e!r ! effects ( spiritu\s potations are to be attribut$ to ! introduction ( alcohol into ! blood1 or to ! sympa?ies exi/+ betwe5 ! /oma* & bra91 is /ill a "q ( d\bt4 ,dr4 ,cooke#adj relates a case1 on ! au?ority ( ,sir ,a4 ,c>lisle1 ( a p]son :o 0 br\ght dead into ! ,we/m9/] ,hospital1 9 consequ5ce ( hav+ drank a qu>t ( g9 = a wag]1 & t ^u exam9ation1 a consid]able quantity ( a limpid fluid 0 f\nd )9 ! lat]al v5tricles ( ! bra91 di/9ctly impregnat$ ) g94 ,i v well rememb] ! case1 = x occurr$ dur+ ! p]iod t ,i held ! situation ( ,physician to t hospital1 b x is v d\btful :e!r su* an absorption occurs "u ord9>y circum/ances4 ,we well "k ! facility ) :i* c]ta9 odor\s bodies ent] ! circulation1 & are develop$ 9 di/ant organs2 x is !re=e v possible t ! app>5t od\r ( ! g91 :i* has be5 sometimes recogniz$ 9 ! secretions1 may dep5d ^u ! pres5ce ( ! flav\r+ +r$i5ts1 indep5d5t ( ! alcohol8 ,at "o p]iod1 sub/ances suppos$ to possess n>cotic virtues 7 plac$ ab\t ! b$ to obviate wat*fulness2 ! plant ,ane?um1 or ,dill1 0 v commonly susp5d$ ov] ! head = su* a purpose1 :ile 9 mod]n times ! ,hop has be5 introduc$ into ! pill[4 ,9 conclud+ ! hi/ory ( ,n>cotics1 x may be obs]v$1 t !re is1 p]haps1 no class ( m$ic9al bodies1 ! individuals ( :i* are less dispos$ to b5d & con=m to an artificial arrangem5t2 ea* w\ld seem to h its own p>ticul> mode ( op]ation1 & to affect s5sibility 9 its own peculi> mann]2 & h5ce ! practition] w (t5 f9d t1 aft] ! failure ( "o n>cotic1 ! adm9i/ration ( ano!r w induce sleep4 ,,antispasmodics4 ,sub/ances :i* h ! p[] ( allay+ ! inord9ate action ( muscul> /ructures1 & ( assuag+ pa91 )\t occasion+ t /ate ( ins5sibility :i* *>act]ises ! op]ation ( n>cotics4 ,!re are c]ta9 m$ic9al bodies :i* w\ld appe> to ex]t a specific control ov] spasmodic action1 f :atev] cause x may h orig9at$1 su* are ,assaftida1 ,galbanum1 ,musk1 ,ca/or1 ,ammonia1 ,val]ian1 c4 ,to su* rem$ies ! t]m antispasmodic m exclusively belongs1 b 9 a m g5]al view ( ! subject we mu/ admit t ?is class bran*es1 by indef9able gradations1 into n>cotics & tonics2 = s9ce spasm may be connect$ ) ! mo/ opposite /ates ( ! body1 x is v evid5t t _m ( ! individuals includ$ 9 ! class ( antispasmodics1 c only be relative ag5ts3 spasm1 = in/ance1 may arise f excessive irritability1 z f tee?+1 w\nds1 worms1 c4 9 :i* case a n>cotic w\ld prove b5eficial2 or x may dep5d ^u a /ate ( g5]al debility1 ! prop] rem$y = :i* w\ld be ! adm9i/ration ( an ,aromatic ,/imulant1 or ! assidu\s exhibition ( "s p]man5t tonic4 ,,tonics4 ,sub/ances1 ^: cont9u$ adm9i/ration gives /r5g? & vig\r to ! body4 ,x is v ju/ly admitt$1 t a /ate ( p]man5t t5sion 9 ! fibres ( ! body is necess>y = ! exi/5ce ( life1 & t any undue dep>ture f su* a condition is foll[$ by debility4 ,?us1 ,sir ,gilb]t ,blane obs]ves1 t no muscle1 :e!r volunt>y or involunt>y1 c act unless its fibres are previ\sly 9 su* a /ate1 t if divid$ !y w\ld %r9k by _! own resili5cy1 leav+ an int]val betwe5 ! cut extremities2 ! same may be said ( ! vascul> sy/em 9 all its ramifications1 9 ord] to give play to _! contraction 9 grasp+ & propell+ _! conta9$ fluids4 ,x appe>s t !re are c]ta9 m$ic9al bodies t h ! p[] ( affect+ ?is /ate ( t5sion1 & :5 _! effects contribute to its re/oration1 !y are prop]ly d5om9at$ ,tonics4 ,we are n1 h[ev]1 to consid] !m z produc+ su* a *ange by any me*anical op]ation ^u ! matt] ( :i* ! fibre is compos$1 b by a direct action ^u its liv+ pr9ciple2 x seems probable t c]ta9 poisons may ?us produce sudd5 dea? by _! ag5cy on ! vital pr9ciple1 by :i* ! t5sion ( ! he>t & :ole art]ial sy/em is imm$iately relax$4 ,9 ?is po9t ( view1 ,tonics1 l ! o!r rem$ies :i* we h describ$1 may be relative or absolute 9 _! op]ation4 ,v5esection1 purgation1 or :atev] w1 "u c]ta9 conditions ( ! body1 occasion a salut>y *ange 9 its vital p[]s1 may produce a correspond+ alt]ation 9 ! t5sion ( its fibres1 & consequ5tly fall "u ! d5om9ation ( a tonic rem$y3 b indep5d5t ( ! /ate ( ! body1 !re w\ld seem to be c]ta9 sub/ances t act z specific /imuli ^u ! liv+ fibre1 & are 9 c]ta9 cases indisp5sable = ! ma9t5ance ( its heal?y tone2 su* are vegetable bitt]s1 :i* produce a p[]ful effect ^u ! dige/ive organs1 & by n]v\s sympa?y1 ^u ! re/ ( ! sy/em4 ,bitt] ,extractive1#ada seems to be z ess5tial to ! dige/ion ( h]bivor\s1 z salt is to t ( c>nivor\s animals2 x acts z a natural /imulant1 = x has be5 %ewn by a v>iety ( exp]im5ts t x passes ?r\gh ! body )\t suff]+ any dim9ution 9 its quantity1 or *ange 9 its nature4 ,no cattle w ?rive ^u grasses :i* d n conta9 a portion ( ?is vegetable pr9ciple2 ?is fact has be5 mo/ satisfactorily prov$ by ! late rese>*es ( ,mr4 ,s9clair1 g>d5] to ! ,duke ( ,b$=d1 :i* are record$ 9 t magnific5t "w1 ! 8,,hortus ,,gram9eus ,,woburn5sis40 ,!y %ew1 t if %eep are f$ on ,yell[ ,turnips1 :i* conta9 little or no bitt] pr9ciple1 !y in/9ctively seek =1 & gre$ily dev\r any prov5d] :i* may conta9 x1 & if !y _c s obta9 x !y become diseas$ & die4 ,we are ourselves consci\s ( ! invigorat+ effects ( slight bitt]s ^u our /oma*2 & _! pres5ce 9 malt liquors n only t5ds to dim9i% ! noxi\s effects ( su* potations1 by c\nt]act+ ! indirect debility :i* !y are liable to occasion1 b ev5 to r5d] !m1 :5 tak5 9 mod]ation1 promot]s ( dige/ion4 ,! cu/om ( infus+ bitt] h]bs 9 v9\s dr9ks is v anci5t & univ]sal2 ! ,poculum ,abs9?iatum 0 reg>d$ 9 remote ages z a :olesome bev]age1 & ! ,wormwood 0 suppos$ to act z an antidote aga9/ drunk5ness4 ,! ,swiss peasant *e]s himself amid/ ! frigid solitude ( 8 glaci]s1 ) a _s di/ill$ f ,g5tian1 ! extreme bitt]ness ( :i* is reli%$ ) a glee t is q un9telligible to a m cultivat$ ta/e4 ,) reg>d to ! natural use ( ,bitt] ,extractive1 x may be laid d[n z a tru?1 t x /imulates ! /oma*1--corrects putrefy+ & un:olesome nutrim5t1--promotes t>dy dige/ion1--increases ! nutritive p[]s ( ^? vegetable sub/ances to :i* x is unit$1--& furni%es a natural rem$y = ! d]ang$ functions ( ! /oma* 9 p>ticul>1 & ?r\gh ! sympa!tic m$ium ( t organ1 = ! atony ( remote p>ts 9 g5]al2 & ,i %all h]eaft] %ew1 t 9 its m$ic9al applications x c]ta9ly imp>ts additional activity to _m rem$ies1 :ile x r5d]s ! /oma* & sy/em m susceptible ( _! salut>y en]gies4 ,z an ess5tial +r$i5t 9 ! prov5d] ( h]bivor\s animals1 x may ,i ?9k be admitt$ z a fact1 t its importance is 9 an inv]se ratio ) ! nutritive p[]s#adb ( ! food1 & we accord+ly f9d1 9 con=mity ) t univ]sal s*eme ( self-adju/m5t & comp5sation1 :i* influ5ces all ! op]ations ( nature1 t cultivation1 :i* ext5ds ! nutritive p[]s ( vegetable bodies1 g5]ally dim9i%es _! bitt]ness 9 ! same proportion2 ! natural hi/ory ( ! ,potatoe (f]s a good illu/ration ( ?is fact1 = ! roots ( ?is useful plant :i* h be5 s greatly improv$ by culture1 are 9 _! wild /ate bo? small & bitt]4#adc ,gummy matt]1 :i* seems to result f ! fir/ *ange ( ! sap1 is und\bt$ly r5d]$ m dige/ible & nutritive by ! pres5ce ( a bitt]2 pure gum is n v mu* dispos$ to yield to ! assimilative functions2 8x frequ5tly passes ?r\gh ! b[els10 says ,dr4 ,*apman1#add 8v little *ang$1 z ,i h witness$ a ?\s& times40 ,we see !re=e ! value ( ! bitt] pr9ciple1 9 ! economy ( ! ,li*5 ,isl&icus1 :i* is int5d$ z ! food ( animals 9 nor!rn latitudes2 we are told t boil$ l9se$ con/itut$ ! sole diet ( ! p ( ,zeal& dur+ a sc>city ( long cont9uance1 on :i* occasion1 symptoms ( great debility occurr$1 att5d$ ) ^? ( dyspepsia2 s aga9 ,pr(essor ,fritze1 9 8 ,m$ical ,annals1 /ates t vegetable mucilage1 :5 us$ z a pr9cipal article ( diet1 relaxes ! organs ( dige/ion1 & produces a viscid slimy mucus1 & a morbid action 9 ! prim vi1 an effect :i* analogy %ews might be obviat$ by ! addition ( bitt] extractive4 ,= ! same reason animals t fe$ 9 m>%y l&s1 on food conta9+ b little n\ri%m5t1 are be/ def5d$ f ! diseases !y are liable to contract 9 su* situations by ! +e/ion ( bitt] plants4#ade ,^u ^! occasions nature is v k9d1 = ! p>ticul> situation t eng5d]s endemic diseases is g5]ally cong5ial to ! gr[? ( ! plants t op]ate z antidotes to !m4 ,i h (f]$ ^! views ^u ! subject ( ,bitt] ,extractive1 f a conviction t !y w ess5tially contribute to ! e/abli%+ ( j & philosophical notions1 respect+ ! necessity & modus op]&i ( _m vegetable tonics4 ,z ! action ( tonics is gradual1 s _! op]ation is n foll[$ by t exhau/ion consequ5t ^u ! use ( diffusible /imulants4 ,! sub/ances :i* compose ! class ( tonics are d]iv$ f ! vegetable & m9]al k+doms2 ^? ( ! =m] are g5]ally bitt]1 & produce _! effects by a prim>y action on ! /oma*1 & are n absorb$ into ! circulation1 z exp]im5ts ^u ,bitt] ,extractive h mo/ fully demon/rat$2 ^? d]iv$ f ! m9]al k+dom1 compreh5d+ sev]al ( ! metals1 appe> 9 "s in/ances to pass into ! circulation1 al?\gh sev]al ( !m1 l ! vegetable tonics1 act prim>ily on ! prim vi2 ,i appreh5d ?is obs]vation applies to ! nitrate ( silv]1 :i* c]ta9ly possesses consid]able p[]s z a tonic 9 c]ta9 cases ( dyspepsia1 = :i* x may p]haps be indebt$ to ! bitt]ness :i* di/+ui%es x4 ,,aromatics4 ,sub/ances ( a fragrant smell1#adf :i* produce ^u ! organs ( ta/e a peculi> s5sation ( w>m? & pung5cy1 & occasion1 :5 swall[$1 a correspond+ impulse ^u ! /oma*1 :i* is rapidly communicat$ to ! remote p>ts ( ! body4 ,! vegetable bodies :i* con/itute ! class ( aromatic /imulants are v intimately relat$ ) t ( tonics2 inde$ 9 ! mo/ effici5t vegetables ( ! latt] k9d1 ! two qualities are g5]ally bl5d$1 & ! transition f ^! to ! m pure bitt]s & aromatics is s imp]ceptible1 t x is extremely difficult to arrange !m 9 diff]5t classes2 ,dr4 ,murray has accord+ly 9 8 classification n attempt$ to sep>ate sub/ances :i* are s intimately connect$4 ,aromatic ,/imulants1 h[ev]1 9 a practical po9t ( view1 mu/ be di/+ui%$ f tonics1 z ! =m] are valuable = ! rapidity1 ! latt]1 = ! p]man5cy ( _! effects4 ,_! *>act]i/ic prop]ties appe> to dep5d *iefly1 if n entirely1 on an ess5tial oil :i*1 :5 extract$ f ! vegetable1 exhibits all its aromatic p[] 9 a v conc5trat$ =m4 ,m$ic9es ( ?is k9d1 :5 adm9i/]$ = ! purpose ( dispell+ w9d f ! alim5t>y canal1 h be5 t]m$ ,c>m9atives4#adg ,!y w\ld seem to act by imp>t+ en]gy to ! di/5d$ & weak5$ muscul> coat ( ! /oma*1 by :i* ! accumulat$ gas is propell$ ?r\gh ! upp] orifice2 = ?is viscus1 l ! bladd]1 :5 greatly di/5d$1 becomes unable to relieve itself1 p>tly 9 consequ5ce ( ! exhau/$ /ate ( ! ov]-/ret*$ fibres ( its muscul> coat1 & p>tly p]haps f a contraction ( ! ,c>dia1 or upp] orifice2 = x has be5 already /at$ t a loss ( p[]1 & spasmodic action1 are (t5 ! simultane\s results ( debility4 ,,a/r+5ts4 ,sub/ances :i*1 :5 appli$ to ! human body1 corrugate & cond5se its fibres1 & at ! same "t1 ex]t a tonic influ5ce ?r\gh ! m$ium ( its liv+ pr9ciple4 ,a/r+5cy 9 any sub/ance may be at once recognis$ by ! organs ( ta/e2 its p[] 9 corrugat+ ! papill ( ! tongue1 & 9 imp>t+ a s5sation ( h>%ness & r\ghness to ! palate1 be+ too peculi> to be mi/ak52 ?is is a =tunate circum/ance1 = !re does n exi/ any "o *emical te/ by :i* we c inv>iably detect ! prop]ty ( a/r+5cy1 s9ce x is f\nd to reside 9 _m diff]5t classes ( sub/ances3 ?us1 acids1 especially ! /rong] m9]al ones1 are p[]fully a/r+5t2 s are _m ( ! metallic salts1 z ^? ( iron1 z9c1 copp]1 & lead2 & "s ( ! e>?s1 :5 comb9$ ) acids1 ( :i* alum is a /rik+ example4 ,! vegetable k+dom1 h[ev]1 furni%es ! great] numb] ( a/r+5t rem$ies2 & *emi/ry has %ewn t ?is prop]ty uni=mly dep5ds ^u a peculi> proximate pr9ciple1 *>act]iz$ by its p[] ( =m+ an insoluble comp\nd ) animal gelat9e2 to ?is pr9ciple ! "n ( ,,tann9 has be5 giv54 ,z tann9 g5]ally exi/s 9 union ) gallic acid1 & z ! latt] body is kn[n by its prop]ty ( /rik+ an inky blackness ) ! salts ( iron1 solutions ( ?is metal 7 long1 b errone\sly1 reg>d$ z ! prop] te/ ( vegetable a/r+5cy2 ! fallacy ( ?is is at once %ewn by ! habitudes ( ,cate*u1 "o ( ! /ronge/ ( our a/r+5ts1 b :i*1 nev]!less1 w n yield ! smalle/ degree ( blackness to ! solutions ( iron1 because x conta9s only tann91 ! true pr9ciple ( a/r+5cy1 )\t a trace ( its usual associate ! gallic acid4 ,f ! p[] :i* ^! sub/ances possess ( a/r++1 & cond5s+ ! animal solids1 _! m$ic9al prop]ties are suppos$ to arise1 & we may p]haps1 9 ?is in/ance1 admit su* a me*anical explanation2 b a/r+5ts possess also "s p[] ov] ! liv+ pr9ciple ( ! matt] :i* !y a/r+e1 = !y are capable ( act+ z p]man5t /imulants1 ( cur+ int]mitt+ fev]1 & ( obviat+ /ates ( g5]al debility4 ,a/r+5ts w\ld seem to mod]ate ! morbidly increas$ secretions ( di/ant p>ts1 & to re/ra9 hemorrhage1 by _! corrugat+ influ5ce ^u ! prim vi1#adh :i* is ext5d$ by sympa!tic action to ! vascul> fibre2 x is n difficult = any p]son to conceive ! possibility ( su* a sympa?y1 :o has ev] exp]i5c$ ! ?rill+ & s+ul> feel+ :i* is produc$ ov] ! :ole body1 by ! ac]b ta/e ( ! sloe-juice4 ,z h[ev] ! prim>y op]ation ( ^! bodies1 by _! actual contact ) ! animal fibre1 mu/ be mu* m p[]ful ?an t :i* c result f ! m]e sympa?y ( p>ts1 we f9d t ! efficacy ( a/r+5ts is pr9cipally display$ 9 ! cure ( di>rha1 or s]\s evacuations f ! inte/9al canal2 _! op]ation1 9 *eck+ pr(use fluor albus1 gleet1 & ! inord9ate secretions ( o!r di/ant organs1 is mu* less /rik+ & unequivocal1 & x is a "q :e!r 9 _m ( su* cases ! b5efit aris+ f _! use may n dep5d ^u _! tonic p[]s4 ,z ! morbid excess ( diff]5t evacuations may arise f v>i\s & opposite /ates ( ! liv+ sy/em1 s may ! individuals ( ! o!r classes become a/r+5ts2 & we are b\nd to admit ^u ?is1 z we h on o!r occasions1 ! exi/5ce ( absolute & relative rem$ies4 ,n>cotics1 at ! head ( :i* /&s opium1 w frequ5tly assume ! "* ( a/r+5ts1 by dim9i%+ ! irritability ^u :i* increas$ dis*>ges dep5d4 ,9 ,di>rha1 an a/r+5t1 prop]ly s call$1 dim9i%es ! fl[ ( ^? acrid fluids into ! inte/9es1 by :i* _! p]i/altic motions are prt]naturally increas$1 & x consequ5tly represses ! di>rha2 a n>cotic1 "u simil> circum/ances1 might n repress ! fl[ ( ! acrid matt] to :i* ,i h allud$1 b x w\ld r5d] ! b[els less susceptible to its /imulus1 & w\ld !re=e produce ! same app>5t alleviation1 al?\gh by a v diff]5t mode ( op]ation4 ,!re is yet a ?ird species ( rem$y1 :i* may op]ate 9 re/ra9+ a di>rha ( ?is description2 n by /opp+ ! fl[ ( acrid matt]1 nor by dim9i%+ ! irritability ( ! inte/9al organs1 z 9 ! in/ances above recit$1 b1 simply1 by act+ *emically ^u ! (f5d+ matt]1 s z to dis>m x ( its acrid qualities2 su*1 = in/ance1 is ! nature ( absorb5t & te/ace\s m$ic9es4 ,9 ! cure ( hemorrhage1 if x be active1 t is to say1 connect$ ) a /ate ( /rong tonic contractility ( ! blood-vessels1 a v diff]5t rem$y w be requir$ z an a/r+5t1 ?an 9 cases ( passive hemorrhage1 9 :i* ! vascul> fibres are 9 a /ate ( relaxation or collapse4 ,sir ,gilb]t ,blane has (f]$ "s valuable rem>ks ^u ?is subject1 ) a view to settle ! diff]5ce ( op9ion :i* has aris5 respect+ ! treatm5t ( flood+ aft] *ild-bir?4 7,m$ical ,logic1 ,edit4 #b;d4 p4 #ajj47 ,a/r+5ts are capable ( be+ exclusively us$ z local applications1 & :5 !y are s employ$ = ! purpose ( /opp+ hemorrhage1 !y are t]m$ ,,/yptics4#adi ,) respect to ^! latt] ag5ts x mu/ be confess$1 t great popul> error /ill exi/s1 mu* ( :i* has evid5tly aris5 f d$uctions drawn f ! effects ( su* rem$ies ^u inf]ior animals2 ?us h sev]al sub/ances ga9$ ! reputation ( ,/yptics1 f ! result :i* may h foll[$ _! application to ! w\nd$ & ble$+ vessels 9 ! extremities ( ! horse & ass2 :]eas ! fact is1 t ! blood-vessels ( ^! animals possess an inh]5t p[] ( contraction :i* does n exi/ 9 ^? ( man1 & to :i* alone ! cessation ( ! hemorrhage1 fallaci\sly attribut$ to ! ,/yptic1 is to be :olly attribut$4 ,9 _m cases an application may owe its /yptic qualities to its p[] ( coagulat+ ! blood ar\nd ! orifice ( ! w\nd2 9 ?is way ! contact ( heat$ metal w sometimes arre/ ! fl[ ( blood f a cut surface4 ,,local ,,/imulants4 ,?is ,second ,division compreh5ds ^? m$ic9al sub/ances1 :i* h be5 g5]ally class$ "u ! head ( ,,evacuants2 =1 z !y /imulate p>ticul> organs1 s d !y occasion by _! local op]ation1 an increas$ secretion1 or evacuation f !m4 ,,emetics4 ,sub/ances :i* excite vomit+1 indep5d5t ( any effect aris+ f ! /imulus ( quantity1 or ( t occasion$ by any nause\s ta/e or flav\r4 ,be=e we c det]m9e ! modus op]&i ( emetics1 x w be necess>y to take an accurate view ( ! ph5om5a & pa?ology ( vomit+4 ,x is an important fact t any extraord9>y /imulus appli$ to ! /oma*1 in/ead ( increas+ its motions1 z x w\ld 9 o!r in/ances1 actually inv]ts !m3 ! wisdom ( su* a peculi> provision is manife/2 x is int5d$ to prev5t ! protrusion ( ! food into ! duod5um be=e x has und]gone ^? necess>y *anges 9 ! /oma*1 by :i* x is prep>$ = ! m elaborate process ( *ylification4 ,! act ( vomit+1 h[ev]1 is n effect$1 z ,dr4 ,hayg>? =m]ly suppos$1 by ! sole influ5ce ( ! /oma*2 ! bra9 is an important access>y3 ,dr4 ,maj5die goes s f> z to attribute ! op]ation ( vomit+1 exclusively1 to ! ag5cy ( ?is latt] organ ^u ! abdom9al muscles1 & reg>ds ! /oma* z a m]e passive in/rum5t 9 ! act2#aej ?is doctr9e 0 support$ 9 an elaborate exp]im5tal memoir1 pres5t$ by ?is indefatigable physiologi/ to ! ,royal ,in/itute ( ,france 9 ! ye> #ahab4 ,al?\gh we %all n be dispos$ to receive ?is !ory 9 its full ext5t1 yet we _c hesitate to admit t ! influ5ce ( ! n]v\s sy/em is indisp5sably necess>y = produc+ vomit+2 & we accord+ly f9d t ?is act w n take place1 h[ev] =cibly ! /oma* may be goad$ by emetics1 :]e ! en]gy ( ! n]v\s sy/em is susp5d$1 z 9 cases ( pr(\nd intoxication1 or 9 viol5t w\nds & contusions ( ! head2 :ile if ! bra9 be only p>tially influ5c$1 z by incipi5t intoxication1 or by a less viol5t bl[ ^u ! head1 its irritability is increas$ in/ead ( be+ p>alys$1 & vomit+ "u su* circum/ances is excit$ by ! slighte/ causes3 ! fact ( su* opposite results be+ produc$ by ! same impulse 9 diff]5t degrees ( int5sity1 is no less curi\s ?an in/ructive4 ,dr4 ,ri*>d ,h>rison1 9 8 ,gul/onian ,lecture be=e ! ,college ( ,physicians1 treat$ ! subject ( vomit+ ) mu* +5uity1 & ,i am dispos$ to adopt ! views :i* he (f]$4 ,he obs]v$1 t al?\gh ! exp]im5ts ( ,maj5die suffici5tly te/ify ! importance ( ! pressure ( ! abdom9al muscles ^u ! /oma* 9 ! act ( vomit+1 & :i* c only be expla9$ by ! influ5ce ( ! bra9 & n]v\s sy/em1 yet t he has attribut$ too mu* to _! ag5cy2 8x appe>s to me10 cont9u$ he1 8t vomit+ may be expla9$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--! irritation ( ! /oma* makes a call ^u ! bra9 = ! aid ( ! diaphragm & ! abdom9al muscles1 9 ord] to expel its cont5ts2 ! diaphragm !n becomes contract$ & fix$1 ! ribs drawn d[n1 & ! abdom9al muscles drawn inw>ds1 s t ! /oma* is press$ on all sides by volunt>y muscles1 :i*1 toge!r ,,) ,,its ,,own ,,contraction1 expel ! cont5ts40 ,n[ x mu/ be obvi\s t :]e ! bra91 f oppression or injury1 is unable to transmit its influ5ce to ^! muscles1#aea & disreg>ds ! call ( ! /oma*1 vomit+ c only be excit$ ) difficulty1 or x w be prev5t$ altoge!r4 ,"u su* circum/ances v5esection may 9 "s cases prove a p[]ful adjuvant1 by unload+ ! vessels ( ! bra91 & ?us re/or+ to ! n]v\s sy/em its necess>y excitability2 :]e its p[]s h be5 p>alys$ by ! op]ation ( a n>cotic1 a copi\s draught ( "s vegetable acid1 or ! affusion ( cold wat] ^u ! surface ( ! body may imp>t effici5cy to an emetic2 ! op]ation ( ,night%ade & "s o!r n>cotic poisons may be adduc$ 9 f>!r illu/ration ( ?is subject2--an excessive dose ( ! ,atropa ,belladonna produces symptoms ( al>m+ /upor1 & s difficult is x to evacuate ! /oma* "u su* circum/ances1 t z mu* z f\rte5 gra9s ( ,t>t>iz$ ,antimony h be5 adm9i/]$ )\t effect3 n[ if 9 su* a case a copi\s draught ( "s vegetable acid be giv51 ! emetic w be m likely to succe$3 "h !n we p]ceive1 t ! bra91 be+ p>alys$ by a n>cotic poison1 is unable to l5d its aid to ! muscles requisite = ! op]ation ( vomit+1 until its en]gies are re/or$ by ! anti-n>cotic p[]s ( a vegetable acid4 ,! practical precaution :i* ?is view ( ! subject af=ds1 is extremely important1--n to all[ ! app>5tly inactive /ate ( ! /oma* to induce u1 inconsid]ately1 to augm5t ! dose ( an emetic3 = al?\gh ! /oma*1 = ! reasons j /at$1 may be unable to void its cont5ts by vomit+1 x may nev]!less reta9 its s5sibility1 & be !re=e liable to inflammation3 ,dr4 ,h>rison has report$ a case ( ?is k9d1 :]e ! practition]1 9 attempt+ to excite emesis 9 an epileptic pati5t1 by a v l>ge dose ( sulphate ( z9c1 produc$ an inflammation 9 ! viscus t t]m9at$ fatally4 ,vomit+ may also be produc$ by ! prim>y op]ation ( c]ta9 ag5ts ^u ! bra91 by :i* its en]gy is di/urb$1 z by n>cotics1 or by ! motions ( sw++1 :irl+1 & sail+3 9 su* cases1 ! s]ies ( actions necess>y = ! e/abli%+ ( vomit+1 comm5ces 9 ! bra91 & is propagat$ by n]v\s sympa?y to ! /oma*4 ,:5 an emetic is tak5 into ! /oma*1 an int]val ( tw5ty m9utes or long]1 usually passes )\t any app>5t effect2 an uneasy s5sation1 :i* we t]m nausea1 is !n felt1 & ?is cont9ues to increase until vomit+ beg9s2 "h !n we p]ceive are two di/9ct /ages1 ea* ( :i* is m>k$ by its own prop] symptoms2 ! relative int5sity & duration ( :i* w be f\nd to v>y accord+ to ! nature ( ! excit+ causes2 ?us "s ,emetics1 z ,sulphate ( ,z9c1 act )\t occasion+ mu* nausea1 :ile o!rs1 z ,tobacco excite x to a degree :i* is f> great] ?an is proportion$ to _! emetic p[]3 ?is is a fact ( great importance 9 direct+ u 9 ! selection ( an ,emetic1 = we %all f9d t 9 "s diseases x is a great object to avoid t /ate ( sy/em :i* inv>iably accompanies nausea1 :ile 9 o!rs x af=ds ! be/ mode ( answ]+ an important indication ( cure4 ,nausea w\ld seem to dep5d ^u ! ex]tions ( ! /oma* & muscles1 n be+ proportion$ to ! effects ( ! bra91 9 ord] to produce vomit+4 ,:]e ?is balance h[ev] is ma9ta9$1 z dur+ ! op]ation ( an ord9>y emetic1 ! foll[+ are ! symptoms :i* *>act]ise ! two /ages2--:ile ! nausea only is pres5t1 ! c\nt5ance is pale & %runk51 ! pulse feeble1 quick1 & irregul>1 & !re is a feel+ ( cold2 b z soon z vomit+ comm5ces1 ! face becomes flu%$1 ! pulse quick] & /rong]1 al?\gh x seldom returns to its natural /&>d1 until "s "t aft] ! vomit+ has ceas$4 ,a degree ( languor1 a disposition to sleep1 & a g5]al moi/ure ^u ! sk91 are ! circum/ances :i* occur aft] ! total cessation ( ! p>oxysm4 ,! feeble /ate ( ! circulation1 z indicat$ by ! pulse1 & ! g5]al coldness & languor exp]i5c$ dur+ a p>oxysm ( nausea1 are to be ascrib$ to ^? sympa!tic relations by :i* ! bra91 /oma*1 & he>t1 are reciprocally influ5c$4 ,! advantages to be obta9$ f ! adm9i/ration ( an emetic 9 ! cure ( disease1 may ei!r dep5d ^u its prim>y1 or second>y op]ations1 t is to say1 ^u ! m]e evacuation ( ! /oma*1 or ^u ^? *anges :i* occur 9 di/ant p>ts f sympa?y2 & ! judici\s practition]1 9 ! selection ( an emetic1 w always be guid$ by ! nature ( ! indication :i* he int5ds to fulfil2 if 8 object be to evacuate ! /oma* quickly & completely1 he w avoid ^? emetics t are di/+ui%$ by _! nauseat+ t5d5cy1 z 9 cases ( disease :i* dep5d on a disord]$ /ate ( /oma*1 connect$ ) undue di/5tion1 & ! pres5ce ( acrid & indige/ible matt]2 if1 on ! o!r h&1 8 int5tion be to influ5ce "s remote organ ?r\gh ! sympa!tic p[]s ( ! /oma*1 an emetic ( an opposite t5d5cy may be bett] calculat$ to answ] su* indications3 9 "s cases1 he is to seek a b5eficial result f ! me*anical action ( ! diaphragm & abdom9al muscles1 by ^: pressure ! gall-bladd] & hepatic ducts are empti$ ( _! cont5ts1 & h5ce jaundice1 aris+ f ! ob/ruction ( bili>y calculi1 has be5 sudd5ly remov$ by ! concussion ( an emetic3 a simil> pressure ^u ! ?oracic visc]a may occasion expectoration1 & relieve ! bron*ial vessels 9 cases ( a/hma1 cat>rh1 & cr\p4 ,vomit+1 :5 produc$ by ! op]ation ( a mild emetic1 does n appe> to exhau/ ! excitability ( ! /oma*1 b on ! contr>y to increase its tone2 = we g5]ally f9d ! process ( dige/ion is c>ri$ on m vigor\sly aft]w>ds2 al?\gh x is probable t1 by frequ5t repetition1 a diff]5t result w\ld be obta9$1 & we %\ld f9d t its motion w\ld become liable to inv]sion by slight /imuli3 we may !re=e "q ! propriety ( t practice :i* is s /r5u\sly recomm5d$ by ,hippocrates1#aeb & o!r anci5t physicians1 to adm9i/] emetics frequ5tly to ^? 9 heal?1 9 ord] to prev5t ! incursions ( disease4 ,! b5efits aris+ f ! second>y effects ( an emetic are num]\s & ext5sive4 ,x has be5 obs]v$ t dur+ nausea ! =ce ( ! circulation is consid]ably abat$1 h5ce ! use ( ^! rem$ies 9 hemorrhage2 &1 z ! en]gy ( absorption is g5]ally 9 an inv]se ratio to t ( ! circulation1#aec we frequ5tly obta9 f a nauseat+ dose ( an emetic1 consid]able assi/ance 9 ! treatm5t ( anas>ca1 & o!r dropsical swell+s4 ,^? m$ic9es t are liable to produce at once1 full vomit+1 )\t any previ\s /age ( nausea1 are ( c\rse less calculat$ to fulfil su* indications4 ,9 ! same mann] we %\ld select a nauseat+ emetic1 :5 our object is to promote ! passage ( a gall /one ?r\gh ! ductus communis1 = ! nausea s excit$ w relax ! duct1 :ile ! me*anical concussion t5ds to pu% ! ob/ruct+ matt] =w>d4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5ev] our object is to evacuate ! /oma*1 & to prev5t absorption1 we mu/ take c>e to cut %ort ! nauseat+ /age2 a precaution :i* is highly important 9 ! treatm5t ( a case ( poison+4 ,! /ate ( ! /oma* produc$ by vomit+ is v frequ5tly ext5d$1 by sympa?y1 to ! vessels ( ! sk92 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 a diaphoresis n unusually foll[s ! op]ation4 ,9 ! diff]5t v>ieties ( febrile disease1 ?is circum/ance /amps additional value ^u ! class ( ,emetics2 :ile1 at ! same "t1 t !y eject any (f5sive matt] :i* may be pres5t 9 ! /oma*1 !y ?us control ! accel]at$ circulation4 ,f ! viol5t muscul> ex]tions :i* take place 9 ! act ( vomit+1 ! adm9i/ration ( an emetic may be v injuri\s 9 c]ta9 /ates ( ! body4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! pressure appli$ to ! desc5d+ aorta1 & ! int]rupt$ circulation ?r\gh ! lungs1 f imp$$ respiration1 ! blood returns ) difficulty f ! head dur+ a p>oxysm ( vomit+1 & 9 ple?oric /ates ( ! body1 or 9 cases ( det]m9ation ( blood to ! c]ebral or pulmon>y organs1 ! act ( vomit+ _c be consid]$ z free f dang]4 ,! concussion ( an emetic may also produce mis*ief 9 ! advanc$ /age ( pregnancy1 & 9 h]nia & prolapsus ut]i2 :ile 9 extreme debility1 !re is ! dang] ( a syncope be+ produc$1 f :i* ! pati5t may nev] recov]1 z ,i once witness$ 9 ! la/ /age ( ,ph?isis1 :]e an emetic 0 imprud5tly giv51 ) ! int5tion ( dislodg+ ! pus ) :i* ! lungs 7 emb>rass$4 ,by viol5t & protract$ ret*+1 a p]son w sometimes become jaundic$2 ! /oma*1 diaphragm1 & abdom9al muscles1 are1 "u su* repeat$ ef=ts1 apt to be r5d]$1 to an em95t degree1 irritable2 s t at ea* ef=t ( ! =m] to dis*>ge its cont5ts1 ! latt] w frequ5tly be ?r[n into /rong spasmodic contractions1 & ! liv] toge!r ) ! gall bladd] w be sudd5ly caught1 &1 z x 71 squeez$ 9 a p[]ful press2 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ! bile w regurgitate1 & be c>ri$ into ! ,v5 cav2 = ,hall] has %ewn ) :at facility a subtle injection1 :5 ?r[n into ! hepatic duct1 w escape by ! hepatic ve9s2 & ^u :i* ,dr4 ,saund]s obs]ves1 8,i "k ?is to be a fact1 = ,i h asc]ta9$ by exp]im5t1 t wat] inject$ 9 ! same direction1 w return by ! ve9s 9 a full /ream1 ?\gh v little =ce be us$40 ,:5 a jaundice is ?us produc$ x w gradually disappe> )\t ! aid ( any m$ic9e2 ! kidneys are ! pr9cipal means by :i* all unnecess>y bodies are extract$ f ! circulat+ mass1 a portion ( bile w !re=e "u su* circum/ances be elim9at$ 9 e dis*>ge ( ur9e4 ,! diff]5t emetics employ$ 9 practice are d]iv$ f ! vegetable & m9]al k+doms1 "s ( :i* appe> to produce _! effects by an imm$iate impression ^u ! n]ves ( ! /oma*1 :ile o!rs require to be absorb$ into ! circulation be=e !y display _! en]gies4 ,ipecacuanha w\ld seem to act prim>ily on ! /oma*1 b ,t>t>iz$ ,antimony has be5 f\nd1 by exp]im5t1 to occasion vomit+1 :5 inject$ into ! ve9s ( an animal2 :ile ! o!r m9]al emetics1 viz4 ! prep>ations ( ,copp] & ,z9c1 und\bt$ly op]ate on ! /oma*1 & )\t induc+ mu* nausea4 ,,ca?>tics3 ,m$ic9es :i* quick5 or increase ! evacuation f ! inte/9es1 or :i*1 :5 giv5 9 a c]ta9 dose1 occasion purg+4 ,^! rem$ies1 f a g5]al diff]5ce 9 _! modes ( op]ation1 h be5 class$ "u two divisions--,,laxatives & ,,purgatives4 ,! =m] op]ate s mildly t !y m]ely evacuate ! cont5ts ( ! inte/9es1 )\t occasion+ any g5]al excitem5t 9 ! body1 or ev5 /imulat+ ! exhalant vessels ( ! canal2 ! latt] produce a consid]able influx ( fluids f ^! vessels1 & ext5d _! /imulant effect to ! sy/em 9 g5]al2 & :]e ^! effects are v viol5t1 ! purgative is fur!r di/+ui%$ by ! epi!t ,,dra/ic4 ,laxatives !n may be said to empty ! b[els simply1 & to c>ry (f extrane\s matt]1 :i* is out ( ! c\rse ( ! circulation2 b purgatives1 z !y occasion a con/itutional effect1 may be made subs]vi5t to v important purposes4 ,! effects ( a purgative may dep5d ^u ?ree diff]5t modes ( op]ation2 viz4 #a4 ,by /imulat+ ! muscul> fibres ( ! ,inte/9es1 :5ce _! p]i/altic motion is augm5t$1 & ! cont5ts ( ! b[els m quickly & completely dis*>g$4 #b4 ,by /imulat+ ! exhal5t vessels1 t]m9at+ 9 ! inn] coat ( ! inte/9es1 & ! m\?s ( ! excretory ducts ( ! muc\s gl&s2 by :i* an increas$ fl[ ( s]\s fluids takes place f ! =m]1 & a m copi\s dis*>ge ( mucus f ! latt]2 ! effect ( :i* is to r5d] ! fcal matt] ?9n] & m abundant4 #c4 ,by /imulat+ ! neighb\r+ visc]a1 z ! ,liv] & ,pancreas1 s z to produce a m copi\s fl[ ( _! secretions into ! inte/9es4 ,x appe>s t diff]5t purgatives h v diff]5t p[]s 9 relation to ! sev]al modes ( op]ation above specifi$2 "s m$ic9es1 = example1 urge ! b[els to evacuate _! cont5ts by an imp]ceptible action ^u ! muscul> fibres1 & little or no increase ( s]\s dis*>ge att5ds ! evacuation1 su* are ,manna1 ,sulphur1 & ,magnesia2 !re w\ld seem1 moreov]1 to be c]ta9 bodies t h ! prop]ty ( increas+ ! p]i/altic motions by op]at+ z me*anical /imulants ^u ! fibre2 x w\ld n be difficult to d]ive _m illu/rations ( ?is fact1 f ! hi/ory ( h]bivor\s quadrup$s1 & ,i h be5 dispos$ to consid] ! h>% & co>se texture :i* c]ta9 grasses assume 9 moi/ situations1 z a wise provision 9 ,nature to furni% an increas$ /imulus to ! inte/9es ( ! animals :o fe$ ^u !m1 at a "t :5 _! dim9i%$ nutritive qualities mu/ r5d] su* a result desirable2 b ! op]ation ( a me*anical laxative may be demon/rat$ by a m famili> example2 ! addition ( bran to our bread1 con/itut+ :at is kn[n by ! "n ( ,br[n bread1 induces laxative effects1 m]ely f ! me*anical friction ( ! r\gh p>ticles1 or scales ( ! bran1 ^u ! inn] coats ( ! inte/9es1 = ! :eat )\t ! bran 9 bread is n p>ticul>ly laxative4#aed ,o!r ca?>tics /imulate ! fibres to a mu* great] degree1 & ! effects are ei!r conf9$ to a "p ( ! canal1 or communicat$ to ! :ole range ( ! inte/9es1 f ! duod5um to ! extremity ( ! rectum2 ,aloes w furni% a good example ( ! =m]1 & ,colocyn? may be adduc$ z an in/ance ( ! latt] mode ( op]ation4 ,o!r ca?>tics1 aga91 direct all _! /imulus to ! exhalant vessels1 & are accord+ly di/+ui%$ by ! =ce ) :i* !y produce s]\s evacuations2 & = :i* !y 7 =m]ly d5om9at$ ,hydragogues1 su* are ,sal9e ,purgatives1 & c]ta9 vegetable bodies to be h]eaft] describ$4 ,dr4 ,cull5 has ev5 suppos$ t "s ( ^! m$ic9es may act solely 9 ?is way1 & )\t increas+ directly ! p]i/altic motion2 !re is1 h[ev]1 z ,dr4 ,murray v ju/ly rem>ks1 no pro( ( su* an hypo!sis1 & x seems sc>cely probable t any sub/ance %\ld act z a /imulant on ^! vessels1 )\t at ! same "t /imulat+ ! mobile fibres ( ! inte/9es4 ,m]curial ,purgatives appe> to possess1 9 an em95t degree1 ! p[] ( excit+ ! functions ( ! liv]1 & ( !reby occasion+ an influx ( bile into ! inte/9es4 ,f ! indications :i* ca?>tics are capable ( fulfill+1 _! utility 9 _m diseases mu/ be app>5t2 ! ext5t ( _! importance & value 71 h[ev]1 nev] ju/ly appreciat$ until ! valuable publication ( ,dr4 ,hamilton on ?is subject1 9 :i* ! au?or has po9t$ out ) m precision ?an any prec$+ writ]s _h done1 ! !rapeutic pr9ciples :i* %\ld regulate _! adm9i/ration4 ,8 practice has cle>ly prov$ t a /ate ( b[els may exi/ 9 _m diseases1 giv+ rise to a ret5tion ( fecul5t matt]1 :i* w n be obviat$ by ! occasional adm9i/ration ( a purgative1 b :i* requires a cont9uation ( ! alv9e /imulant1 until ! heal?y action ( ! b[els is re-e/abli%$4 ,s9ce ?is view ( ! subject has be5 adopt$1 num]\s diseases h receiv$ alleviation f ! use ( purgatives t 7 =m]ly treat$ ) a diff]5t class ( rem$ies1 & :i* 7 n suppos$ to h any connection ) ! /ate ( ! alv9e evacuations2 ?us 9 fev]1 ! p]i/altic motion ( ! inte/9es is dim9i%$1 & _! fecul5t cont5ts are unduly reta9$1 & p]haps1 9 "p1 absorb$1 becom+ ( c\rse a s\rce ( morbid irritation2 ?is fact has long be5 und]/ood1 & ! practice ( adm9i/]+ ca?>tic m$ic9es "u su* circum/ances has be5 v g5]ally adopt$2 b until ! publication ( ,dr4 ,hamilton1 physicians 7 n aw>e ( ! necessity ( c>ry+ ! plan to an ext5t beyond t ( m]ely empty+ ! prim vi1 & !y did n cont9ue ! free use ( ^! rem$ies ?r\gh ! :ole progress ( ! disease4 ,ca?>tics are ess5tially s]viceable also 9 sev]al diseases ( ! class ,,neuroses1 :i* are g5]ally intimately connect$ ) a morbid condition ( ! alim5t>y passages2 ,*orea & ,hy/]ia h be5 v successfully treat$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,! diseases incid5t to pub]ty 9 bo? sexes are also be/ reliev$ by a c\rse ( purgative m$ic9es1 & _! effects 9 ,*lorosis h conf]r$ ^u _m ( !m ! specific title ( ,,emm5agogues4 ,b ! !rapeutical utility ( ,ca?>tics ext5ds beyond ! m]e fecul5t evacuations :i* !y may occasion4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! /imulat+ action :i* "s ( !m ex]t ^u ! exhal5t vessels1 !y ab/ract a consid]able portion ( fluid f ! g5]al curr5t ( ! circulation1 & are1 on t acc\nt1 b5eficial z ,anti-phlogi/ics4 ,= ! same reason !y may act z p[]ful promot]s ( absorption1 = !re exi/s an e/abli%$ relation betwe5 ! p[]s ( exhalation & absorption1 s t :5 ! action ( "o is increas$1 t ( ! o!r is augm5t$4 ,c]ta9 ,purgatives1 z ,i h j /at$1 ex]t _! influ5ce ^u ! neighb\r+ organs1 & are calculat$ n only to remove alv9e sordes1 b to deta* & elim9ate f\l conge/ions f ! bili>y ducts & pores4 ,) su* facts be=e u1 x is impossible to conc$e to ! op9ion ( ,dr4 ,hamilton1#aee t ! diff]5t species ( purgative m$ic9es d n possess di/9ct p[]s ov] ! diff]5t species ( matt] to be evacuat$2 on ! contr>y1 !re is reason = reviv+ ! anci5t !ory1 too inconsid]ately ab&on$1 & :i* ackn[l$g$ ^! diff]5t di/9ctions 9 ! op]ations ( ca?>tic m$ic9es1 "u ! appropriate names ( ,hydragogues1 ,*olagogues1 c4 ,! importance ( ca?>tic m$ic9es hav+ be5 %ewn1 & ! di/9ctions 9 _! modes ( op]ation e/abli%$1 x only rema9s to say a few words ^u ! subject ( _! abuse4 ,all ! rem$ies ( ?is class1 b m especially ^? ( consid]able p[]1 require caution 9 _! adm9i/ration1 ev5 9 ^? diseases :]e !y are indicat$ by peculi> symptoms1 especially if !re be any t5d5cy to inflammation1 or to extreme debility1 al?\gh ?is latt] symptom is (t5 r app>5t ?an real1 & is at once remov$ by ! brisk op]ation ^u ! b[els2 dur+ pregnancy & imm$iately aft] deliv]y1 & dur+ ! fl[ ( ! m5ses1 ! prud5t practition] w use a discretion>y caution 9 _! exhibition4 ,! too frequ5t use ( ^! m$ic9es w induce m>asmus1 & r5d] ! b[els s morbidly irritable1 t purg+ is easily excit$ by ! ord9>y /imulus ( our alim5ts2 :ile 9 "s habits ! contr>y obta9s1 & ! res\rce to :i* ! valetud9>ian flies = relief only increases ! torpor ( ! inte/9es1 & confirms 8 co/iv5ess4 ,! mode ( adapt+1 comb9+1 & adm9i/]+ ,ca?>tics1 w pres5t subjects = our future consid]ation4 ,,emm5agogues3 ,m$ic9es :i* are capable ( produc+ ! ,m5/rual dis*>ge4 ,z ,am5orrha1 or ret5tion ( ! m5ses1 is g5]ally ! effect ( a morbid /ate ( ! body1 x foll[s t rem$ies capable ( act+ z ,emm5agogues c only be relative ag5ts1 unless inde$ we are dispos$ to acc$e to ! op9ion s g5]ally ma9ta9$ 9 ! writ+s ( ! old] physicians1 b n[ g5]ally disc>d$1 t c]ta9 sub/ances ex]t a specific#aef action ^u ! ut]us4 ,x may c]ta9ly be ass]t$ )\t fe> ( contradiction1 t !re are _m sub/ances :i*1 :5 receiv$ into ! /oma*1 h _! /imulant op]ation m p>ticul>ly det]m9$ to "o "p ?an to ano!r2 alkalics1 = example1 to ! kidneys2 can?>ides to ! bladd]2 m]cury to ! saliv>y gl&s1 c4 ,reason+ !re=e by analogy1 x 0 n unphilosophical to conclude1 t simil> m$ic9es might exi/ ) respect to ! ut]us2 b exp]i5ce has negativ$ ! supposition1 !re be+ no pro( ( any ( ! sub/ances /yl$ ,emm5agogues produc+ _! effects by any specific influ5ce ^u ! ut]9e sy/em4 ,if ! t]m ,emm5agogue be assum$ conv5tionally1 accord+ to ?is view ( ! subject1 x may be reta9$ )\t any fe> ( error1 o!rwise x w\ld be wis] to remove ! "n f our classification4 ,! suppression ( ! catam5ia usually dep5ds ^u a debilitat$ /ate ( ! body1 al?\gh x is sometimes ! consequ5ce ( a ple?oric dia!sis2 9 ! =m] cases tonics1 9 ! latt]1 v5esection may display ! p[]s ( an emm5agogue2 ^u :i* occasion1 ,i h frequ5tly d]iv$ ! greate/ b5efit by cupp+ ! pati5t ^u ! lo9s4 ,:]e ! disease occurs 9 "y wom51 ab\t ! age ( pub]ty1 x is v g5]ally connect$ ) extreme debility ( ! sy/em2 ! prep>ations ( iron1 b>k1 & o!r invigorat+ m$ic9es1 are accord+ly ! mo/ likely to succe$ 9 its cure4 ,:]eas 9 full florid habits1 :5 ! catam5ia are sudd5ly suppress$1 ,laxatives1 ,diaphoretics1 or blood-lett+1 af=d ! sure/ means ( relief4 ,!re are two o!r classes ( m$ic9e :i* may occasionally prove emm5agogue--,,acrid ,,purgatives1 :i* act ^u ! rectum1 & h5ce by contigu\s sympa?y ^u ! ut]us1 z ,aloes1 c4 & ,,/imulat+ ,,diuretics1 z ,can?>ides1 ! ,turp5t9es1 c4 :i* are suppos$ to excite ! womb1 sympa!tically1 by _! /imulus ^u ! bladd]4 ,nor is ! advantage\s influ5ce ( m]cury to be ov]look$1 :i*1 9 cases ( morbid action 9 ! secret+ functions1 prove a ,h]culean rem$y4 ,,diuretics3 ,m$ic9es :i* increase ! ur9>y dis*>ge4 ,?is effect is produc$ by v diff]5t modes ( op]ation2 & z "s ( !m are mutually incompatible ) ea* o!r1 x is ess5tial t we %\ld und]/& ! modus op]&i ( ea* individual ( :i* ! class consi/s1 9 ord] t we may direct its application ) precision4 ,!re is und\bt$ly no tribe ( m$ic9al ag5ts m prec>i\s 9 _! nature & effects ?an t ( ,diuretics2 ?is fact 9 a great measure dep5ds ^u ! uncontrollable "* ( ! organs ^u :i* !y act1 b x mu/ at ! same "t be admitt$1 t _! failure frequ5tly dep5ds ^u _! modes ( op]ation be+ directly incompatible ) ! /ate ( ! sy/em at ! "t ( _! adm9i/ration4 ,! foll[+ classification may p]haps s]ve to br+ toge!r ! pr9cipal facts :i* are kn[n ^u ! subject1 & at ! same "t to display !m 9 an ord] :i* is calculat$ to demon/rate _! practical be>+s & relations4 ,,diuretics1 ,,arrang$ ,,accord+ ,,to ,,_! ,,suppos$ ,,modes ,,( ,,op]ation4 ,,cl3 ,i4--,,m$ic9es ,,:i* ,,act ,,prim>ily ,,on ,,! ,,ur9>y ,,organs4 #a4 ,by /imulat+ ! secret+ vessels ( ! kidneys1 ,,by ,,contact4 a ,! m$ic9es n und]go+ any decomposition 9 transitu4 #a4 ,potassa4 #b4 ,potass ,nitras4 #c4 ,oleum ,t]eb9?94 #d4 ,junip]us ,communis4 #e4 ,can?>ides4 b ,! ,m$ic9es und]go+ decomposition 9 transitu4 #a4 ,potass ,acetas4 #b4 ,potass ,sup]-t>tras4 #c4 ,scilla ,m>itima4 #d4 ,col*icum ,autumnale4 #e4 ,copaif]a ,(fic9alis4 #f4 ,sp>tii ,cacum9a4 ,,cl3 ,,ii4--,,m$ic9es ,,:i* ,,act ,,prim>ily ,,on ,,! ,,absorb5ts1 ,,& ,,second>ily ,,on ,,! ,,kidneys4 ,m]cury4 ,,cl3 ,,iii4--,,m$ic9es ,,:i* ,,act ,,prim>ily ,,on ,,! ,,/oma* ,,& ,,prim ,,vi1 ,,& ,,second>ily ,,on ,,! ,,absorb5ts4 #a4 ,by dim9i%+ art]ial action1 & increas+ t ( ,absorption4 #a4 ,digitalis4 #b4 ,nicotiana4 #b4 ,by increas+ ! tone ( ! ,body 9 g5]al1 & t ( ! absorb5t sy/em 9 p>ticul>4 ,bitt] ,tonics1 c4 c4 #c4 ,by produc+ ,ca?>sis1 & !reby increas+ ! action ( ! ,exhalants directly1 & t ( ! ,absorb5ts indirectly4 #a4 ,elat]ium4 #b4 ,jalap1 c4 c4 ,c4 #a4 ,,( ,,m$ic9es ,,:i* ,,act ,,prim>ily ,,on ,,! ,,ur9>y ,,organs4 #a4 ,by /imulat+ ! secret+ vessels ( ! kidneys1 by actual contact4 a ,! sub/ance n und]go+ any decomposition 9 transitu4 ,x is easy to imag9e t any sub/ance :i* is capable ( ent]+ ! curr5t ( ! circulation1 & ( /imulat+ ! kidneys by a direct application to _! sec]n+ vessels1 may occasion a m copi\s ur9>y dis*>ge2 9 ?is mann] ! diff]5t sal9e#aeg prep>ations1 ,potass1 ,soda1 ,nitrate ( ,potass1 c4 are br\ght to ! kidneys 9 ! c\rse ( ! circulation1 & excit+ ! vessels to an increas$ action1 promote ! secretion ( a l>g] proportion ( wat]y fluid f ! blood1 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 ! absorb5ts are indirectly /imulat$ 9 ord] to supply ! defici5cy1 & 9 ?is mann] dropsical swell+s are r$uc$4 ,wat]1 z a simple dilu5t1 w promote ! action ( ! kidneys1 & x is v judici\sly rem>k$ by ,dr4 ,cull51 t by )hold+ ! use ( fluids 9 dropsy1 y w dim9i% ! quantity ( fluids secret$1 & all[ ! secretories ( ! kidneys to fall into a /ate ( inactivity & collapse4 ,?is is a suffici5t answ] to ^? :o def5d ! practice ( enjo9+ an ab/95ce f all dr9ks 9 dropsy4 b4 ,! diuretic rem$y und]go+ decomposition ,,9 ,,transitu4 ,! dige/ive organs appe> to possess ! p[] ( readily decompos+ all sal9e comp\nds into :i* vegetable acids ent] z +r$i5ts1 & ( elim9at+ _! alkal9e base1 :i*1 be+ 9 ! c\rse ( ! circulation1 c>ri$ to ! kidneys1 excites !m into action1 & promotes ! excretion ( ur9e2 & x is probably 9 ?is way t ! ,acetate1 ,citrate1 ,sup]-t>trate1 & o!r analog\s comb9ations ( ,potass & ,soda prove diuretic3 on ! o!r h&1 x is equally evid5t t salts conta9+ ! m9]al acids are n "u ! control ( ! decompos+ p[]s ( ! *ylo-poietic organs1 & consequ5tly d n und]go any *anges 9 transitu1 al?\gh "s ( ^! salts1 z ,i h j /at$1 especially ! m soluble ones1 are absorb$ entire1 & prove diuretic4 ,sulphate ( ,potass1 f its insolubility1 is n readily absorb$1 & its composition w n all[ ! developem5t ( its base2 we p]ceive !re=e t x has n any t5d5cy to produce an influ5ce ^u ! ur9>y secretion4 ,c]ta9 vegetable bodies likewise appe> to occasion diuresis by a simil> mode ( op]ation1 & x is wor?y ( notice t ^! m$ic9es g5]ally conta9 a bitt] pr9ciple1 :i* is probably sep>at$ by ! analys+ p[]s ( ! /oma*2 z exemplifi$ 9 ,scilla m>itima2 ,col*icum autumnale2 ,lactuca ,virosa2 ,gratiola (fic9alis2 ,sp>tium ,scop>ium 7,summitates72 ,junip]us communis2 ,copaif]a ,(fic9alis 7,balsamum17 c4 ,! /imulant p[]s ( a bitt] vegetable pr9ciple ^u ! prim vi1 h already be5 fully notic$ "u ! consid]ation ( ,,tonics1 7page #gh71 & x is reasonable to suppose1 t an analog\s pr9ciple1 if introduc$ into ! circulation1 may ex]t a correspond+ impulse ^u ! organs ) :i* x comes into contact4 ,x p>ticul>ly m]its att5tion1 t ! diuretic op]ation ( any body t acts by be+ absorb$1 is at once susp5d$ if ca?>sis foll[s its adm9i/ration1 :e!r 9 consequ5ce ( ! l>g5ess ( its dose1 its increas$ solubility1 or f ! effect ( its comb9ation ) "s purgative2 = x is a law1 t ! processes ( assimilation1 & absorption f ! duod5um1 are arre/$1 or v imp]fectly p]=m$ dur+ any alv9e excitem5t2 ! diff]5t effects ( ! sal9e comp\nds ( ! alkalies ) t>t>ic acid1 elucidate ! tru? ( ?is law 9 a v /rik+ mann]--?us1 ,sup]-t>trate ( ,potass1 or ,cream ( ,t>t>1 9 well regulat$ doses1 acts1 z we all "k1 ^u ! kidneys2 ! t>t>ic acid be+1 z ,i suppose 9 ?is case1 ab/ract$ & assimilat$ by ! dige/ive process1 & at ! same "t ! alkal9e base 7,potass7 elim9at$1 & subsequ5tly c>ri$ into ! circulation2 b if we increase ! solubility ( ! comp\nd1 by r$uc+ x to ! /ate ( a neutral t>trate 7soluble t>t>71 or by comb9+ x ) ,boracic acid1 or "s body t has a simil> effect2 or :at is equival5t to x1 if we s increase ! dose#aeh ( ! cream ( t>t>1 t full ca?>sis foll[s its adm9i/ration1 !n diuresis w n ensue1 s9ce no decomposition c take place "u su* circum/ances1 nor c x be c>ri$ by absorption into ! circulation4 ,nitre & ^? salts :i* are c>ri$ to ! kidneys )\t previ\s decomposition 9 transitu1 are subject to ! same law2 =1 if we comb9e !m ) purgatives1 _! pres5ce c no long] be recognis$ 9 ! ur9e1 z ,i h asc]ta9$ by exp]im5t4 ,oil ( ,turp5t9e 9 doses ( two fluid-dra*ms1 may s excite ! ur9>y organs z to produce ev5 bloody ur9e2 :]eas a fluid-ounce w sc>cely occasion any app>5t influ5ce ^u ^? functions1 because ! increas$ dose acts ^u ! b[els1 & consequ5tly prev5ts its passage into ! circulation4 ,sulphate ( ,magnesia does n readily produce any diuresis1 because x op]ates ^u ! b[els1 b ! exp]im5ts ( ,vitet & ,bracy ,cl>ke h %ewn1 t if ?is sal9e comp\nd be adm9i/]$ to ! horse ^: b[els are n easily affect$ by purgatives1 x acts p[]fully ^u ! kidneys2#aei & ,i w take occasion 9 ?is place to obs]ve t1 on acc\nt ( ! inirritability ( ! b[els ( ! horse1 diuretic m$ic9es are m c]ta9 9 _! op]ation1 ?an 9 ! human subject2 a fact :i*1 9 itself1 %ews ! importance ( att5d+ to ! /ate ( ! b[els1 dur+ a c\rse ( ^? diuretics :i* require to be absorb$ be=e !y c produce _! specific effects4 ,equally necess>y is x to att5d to ! /ate ( ! vessels ( ! sk91 = if dur+ ! adm9i/ration ( a ,diuretic1 ^! vessels be excit$ by ext]nal w>m?1 its action may be div]t$ f ! ur9>y organs to ! exhalants on ! surface1 & occasion diaphoresis2 b if ! surface ( ! body be kept cool1 ?is div]sion w n occur3 s greatly inde$ does cool+ ! surface det]m9e to ! kidneys1 t ! usual diaphoretic m$ic9es may1 by an att5tion to ?is circum/ance1 be conv]t$ into p[]ful diuretics4 ,c4 ,,ii4 ,,m$ic9es ,,:i* ,,act ,prim>ily ,,on ,,! ,,absorb5ts1 ,,& ,second>ily ,,on ,,! ,,kidneys4 ,x has be5 %ewn1 9 ! =m] division1 t by increas+ ! action ( ! kidneys1 we dim9i% ! quantity ( wat] 9 ! blood1 & consequ5tly occasion an extraord9>y action ( ! absorb5ts to supply ! defici5cy1 :5ce dropsical accumulations disappe>2 x rema9s to be /at$ t an op]ation1 :i* may be consid]$ ! conv]se ( ! "o j describ$1 is n unfrequ5tly e/abli%$3 ! absorb5t vessels1 9 ?is case1 are fir/ r\s$ to extraord9>y action1 & ! blood !re=e becomes sur*>g$ ) s]\s matt]1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ! kidneys are /imulat$1 & x is elim9at$ ?r\gh ! ur9>y passages3 s t 9 ! =m] case ! absorb5t may be said to be call$ into action by ! kidneys1 :ile 9 ! latt]1 ! kidneys are obvi\sly subs]vi5t to ! increas$ en]gy ( ! absorb5t sy/em4 ,! prep>ations ( ,m]cury are p]haps ! only m$ic9al bodies :i* we c /rictly consid] z specific /imulants to ! absorb5t sy/em2 & ( _! p[] 9 directly act+ ^u ^! organs !re are su* ample pro(s1 t x is unnecess>y to adduce any additional evid5ce ^u ! subject4 ,9 in/ances ( increas$ absorption f ! ag5cy ( o!r m$ic9es1 ! effect mu/ be consid]$ z r aris+ f _! second>y ?an prim>y op]ations2 ! mo/ important ( :i* w con/itute objects ( inquiry 9 ! succe$+ divisions ( ! subject4 ,c4 ,,iii4 ,,m$ic9es ,,:i* ,,act ,prim>ily ,,on ,,! ,,/oma* ,,or ,,sy/em1 ,,& ,second>ily ,,on ,,! ,,ur9>y ,,organs4 ,a ,diuretic effect is v frequ5tly occasion$ by sub/ances :i* act on ! /oma* & prim vi1 produc+ a peculi> /ate ( ^! organs1 :i* sympa!tically affects ! :ole body1 & m p>ticul>ly ! absorb5t sy/em1 & ! vessels conc]n$ 9 ! secretion ( ur9e f ! blood4 ,z ?is prim>y influ5ce ^u ! /oma*1 & ! effects to :i* x gives rise 9 remote p>ts1 are v diff]5t 9 _! "*1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! rem$y employ$1 & ! /ate ( ! sy/em at ! "t ( its adm9i/ration2 ! pres5t attempt to inve/igate & g5]alize ^! relations1 & to adopt !m z ! basis ( a classification1 may ultimately lead ! practition] to "s di/9ctions ( practical utility4 #a4 ,by dim9i%+ ,art]ial ,action1 & increas+ t ( ,absorption4 ,x w\ld appe> t ! action ( ! vessels employ$ 9 ! circulation ( ! blood1 & ! en]gy ( ! absorb5ts are1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 antagoni/ p[]s2 ! exp]im5ts ( ,maj5die demon/rate t ! absorption ( a poison\s sub/ance is ret>d$ by a ple?oric1 & accel]at$ by a deplet$ /ate ( ! sangu9e\s sy/em2 ! fact is practically e/abli%$ by num]\s ph5om5a 9 pa?ology4 ,dr4 ,blackall has v satisfactorily %ewn ! exi/5ce :i* subsi/s betwe5 increas$ art]ial action & dim9i%$ absorption4 ,h5ce x foll[s t rem$ies capable ( controll+ ! circulation may affect ! activity ( absorption1 increase diuresis1 & cure dropsy2 9 ?is mann] ! ,digitalis ,purpurea acts z a sorbefaci5t1 & x may be rem>k$ t x seldom or nev] produces its diuretic effects1 )\t a concomitant r$uction ( ! frequ5cy ( ! pulse2 its p[] too appe>s only :5 x is adm9i/]$ 9 dropsy2 9 a /ate ( heal? x w r$uce ! pulse1 b n increase ! dis*>ge ( ur9e4 ,tobacco has also some:at analog\s p[]s 9 promot+ absorption1 & its op]ation is accompani$ ) a correspond+ depression ( vascul> action4 ,v5esection1 ^u ! same pr9ciple1 may occasion1 9 c]ta9 cases ( dropsy1 a dis*>ge ( ! accumulat$ fluid4 #b4 ,by increas+ ! tone ( ! ,body 9 g5]al1 & t ( ! ,absorb5t ,sy/em 9 p>ticul>4 ,t dim9i%$ absorption1 & ! consequ5t accumulation ( s]\s fluids 9 ! cellul> texture1 & diff]5t cavities1 frequ5tly dep5ds ^u g5]al debility is v obvi\s1 :5ce fev]s1 :e!r ( ! int]mitt5t1 or cont9u$ k9d1 :i* h be5 long protract$1 are foll[$ by demat\s swell+s4 ,9 /ates ( extreme debility ! exhalant vessels w\ld seem1 f _! laxity1 to p]mit ! ?9n] p>ts ( ! blood to pass too readily ?r\gh !m2 ?is is prov$ by ! circum/ance t palsi$ limbs1 9 :i* su* a laxity may be presum$ to exi/1 are frequ5tly affect$ ) dema1 & ! tru? ( ?is explanation is /ill f>!r corroborat$ by ! advantages :i* accrue on ^! occasions f ! me*anical support ( pressure f b&ages4 ,9 su* cases1 ^? rem$ies :i* are capable ( r5ovat+ ! vig\r ( ! body c alone prove ( any signal s]vice4 ,dr4 ,blackall pres5ts u ) an illu/rative case ( ?is nature1 on ! au?ority ( ,mr4 ,johnson ( ,exet]1 9 :i* ! tonic p[]s ( well f]m5t$ bread occasion$ 9 ! space ( a few h\rs an effect s p[]fully diuretic1 z to h cur$ sailors on bo>d ( ! ,asia ,ea/ ,indiaman1 :o _h be5 attack$ ) ,dropsy1 9 consequ5ce ( ! use ( damag$ ,rice4 ,?us !n d ,diuretics1 9 "s cases1 ,,cure ,,by ,,evacuat+1 :ile 9 o!rs1 z 9 ! in/ance above cit$1 !y ,,evacuate ,,by ,,cur+4 ,a case has lately occurr$ 9 my own practice1 :i* n only af=ds a /rik+ illu/ration ( ! pres5t views1 b is well calculat$ to convey to ! inexp]i5c$ practition] a v in/ructive lesson ( caution4 ,a man ( ! age ( ?irty-five1 ( ! mo/ dissolute habits1 0 attack$ aft] a debau* ( sev]al days' cont9uance1 ) inflammatory symptoms 9 ! *e/2 a v l>ge quantity ( blood 0 sudd5ly ab/ract$1 & ! ble$+ 0 repeat$ aft] ! int]val ( a few h\rs4 ,! respiration became labori\s1 & ,i 0 desir$ to visit ! pati5t2 ,i f\nd t little or no ur9e _h be5 evacuat$ s9ce ! attack1 & t !re 7 evid5t symptoms ( effusion1 ! legs 7 swoll51 & ! difficulty ( brea?+ 0 rapidly increas+4 ,"u ^! circum/ances ,i direct$ a l>ge dose ( ,ammonia ) "s /imulat+ diuretics1 :i* 7 to be repeat$ at %ort int]vals4 ,on ! foll[+ day ! di/ress+ symptoms _h subsid$1 a l>ge quantity ( ur9e _h pass$1 & ! pati5t express$ himself greatly reliev$2 un=tunately1 h[ev]1 9 consequ5ce ( a slight increase ( 8 di/ress 9 ! ev5+1 an injudici\s fri5d 9 att5dance1 took m blood f ! arm--! dropsical effusions rapidly increas$1 & life 0 ext+ui%$ 9 ! c\rse ( ?ree days by confirm$ ,hydro?orax4 #c4 ,by produc+ ,ca?>sis1 & !reby increas+ ! action ( ! ,exhalants directly1 & t ( ! absorb5ts indirectly4 ,x has be5 already /at$1 "u ! consid]ation ( ,ca?>tics1 t c]ta9 m$ic9es ( t class excite ! exhalants ( ! alim5t>y canal1 & occasion a v copi\s dis*>ge ( s]\s matt]3 by ?is op]ation ! blood is depriv$ ( a l>ge portion ( wat]1 & ! absorb5ts are ?us indirectly /imulat$ to supply ! defici5cy2 ,elat]ium1 & "s o!r hydragogue ca?>tics1 may be ?us employ$ ) extraord9>y success = ! cure ( c]ta9 =ms ( ,dropsy1 :]e ! vital p[]s ( ! pati5t c su/a9 ! viol5ce ( ! rem$y2--9 ! :ole circle ( m$ic9al op]ations !re is no?+ m wond]ful ?an ?is1 t an impression made on ! int]nal surface ( ! prim vi1 by a few p>ticles ( matt]1 %\ld ?us convey by magic z x 71 an impulse to ! mo/ remote extremities1 r\s+ _! absorb5ts to action2 &1 9 case ( dema !re1 awak5+ ! sleep+ en]gies ( ^! vessels1 :i* l millions ( pumps at "w1 transmit ! morbid fluid to ! inte/9es & ur9>y passages1 effect+ a detumesc5ce ( ! hydropic limbs 9 ! c\rse ( a few h\rs1 & ?us af=d+ a /rik+ illu/ration ( ! sympa!tic action ( m$ic9es1 & an in/ructive example ( ! op]ation ( ^? ( ! sorbefaci5t class4#afj ,! obs]vations :i* ,i h ?us (f]$ w lead ! practition] to select ! p>ticul> diuretic :i* is be/ calculat$ to fulfil ! indications ( ea* individual case2 & !y w at ! same "t po9t out ^? :i* _c be adm9i/]$ 9 comb9ation1 )\t a violation ( ! law ( m$ic9al compatibility4 ,) respect to ! g5]al efficacy ( ^! m$ic9es x may be /at$1 t :]e ! disease orig9ates f organic affections ( ! *ylo-poietic visc]a1 x w n be cur$ by ! m]e evacuation ( ! wat] by diuretics2 b t :]e x has tak5 place f dim9i%$ absorption1 ^! rem$ies may be reasonably expect$ to effect a cure4 ,,diaphoretics4 ,! t]m ,diaphoretic has be5 appli$ to ^? m$ic9es :i* increase ! natural exhalation ( ! sk91 & :5 !y act s p[]fully z to occasion sweat+1 !y h be5 commonly di/+ui%$ by ! "n ( ,sudorifics1 b z no diff]5ce exi/s betwe5 ^! rem$ies1 b 9 ! degree ( =ce ) :i* !y act1 we may v prop]ly compreh5d ! :ole "u ! g5]al title ( ,diaphoretics3 ! fluid effus$ is also 9 bo? cases simil>1 b 9 ! "o x is dis*>g$ m sl[ly1 & is c>ri$ (f by ! conduct+#afa p[] ( ! air1 9 ! ins5sible =m ( vap\r1 :ile 9 ! o!r case x is s copi\sly effus$ f ! exhalant vessels1 z to appe> 9 ! liquid =m4 ,z ob/ruct$ p]spiration may dep5d ^u v diff]5t1 & ev5 opposite /ates ( ! sy/em1 s may ! mo/ adv]se m$ic9es fall "u ! d5om9ation ( diaphoretic rem$ies4 ,9 "s affections1 a defici5t diaphoresis may be associat$ ) increas$ vascul> action1 & 9 o!rs1 ) a sl[ languid circulation4 ,diaphoretics may be consid]$ z op]at+1 ei!r by directly /imulat+ ! cutane\s capill>ies2--by increas+ ! g5]al action ( ! vascul> sy/em2--by relax+ ! morbidly con/rict$ m\?s ( ! p]spiratory vessels2--or1 la/ly1 by produc+ at once bo? ! latt] ( ^! effects4 ,9 con=mity ) ! plan adopt$ on o!r occasions1 ,i %all proce$ to inve/igate ! p[]s ( ?is class ( m$ic9es1 accord+ to _! suppos$ modes ( op]ation4 ,,diaphoretics ,occasion _! effects-- ,i4 ,,by ,,/imulat+ ,,! ,,cutane\s ,,capill>ies4 ,a4 ,by ext]nal application4 ,! ,/imulus ( ,heat1 ,frictions1 c4 ,b4 ,by ,m$ic9es :i* ent] ! circulation & /imulate ! cutane\s vessels by contact4 ,m]curials--,sulphur4 ,c4 ,by ,m$ic9es :i* act on ! surface sympa!tically1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! ,/oma*4 ,cold ,dr9ks1 c4 ,,ii4 ,,by ,,increas+ ,,! ,,g5]al ,,action ,,( ,,! ,,vascul> ,,sy/em4 ,viol5t ,ex]cise--,ammonia--,guaiacum--,alcohol- -,w>m ,ba?4 ,,iii4 ,,by ,,relax+ ,,! ,,morbidly ,,con/rict$ ,,m\?s ,,( ,,! ,,p]spiratory ,,vessels4 ,antimonials--,cold ,affusion--,v5esection--,sal9e ,diaphoretics4 ,! action ( ! cutane\s vessels may be augm5t$ by heat1 )\t necess>ily increas+1 at ! same "t1 t ( ! he>t & art]ies2 h5ce x is t heat is1 ( itself1 (t5 suffici5t to produce sweat+1 :ile x g5]ally accel]ates ! op]ation ( a sudorific m$ic9e4 ,to ?is g5]al proposition1 h[ev]1 !re are "s v important exceptions2 &1 inde$1 9 c]ta9 conditions ( ! cutane\s surface1 ! /imulus ( heat w be ev5 f\nd to imp$e1 r ?an to promote1 diaphoresis2 ?us 9 ! hot /age ( a cont9u$ fev]1 !re w\ld seem to exi/ a peculi> con/riction ( ! p]spiratory vessels1 accompani$ ) extreme heat & dryness4 ,9 su* a /ate1 rem$ies ( ! ?ird class mu/ be appli$1 or conjo9$ ) ^? ( ! =m]4 ,! w>m ba? may be said to p>take ( all ! qualities ^u :i* our classification is f\nd$2 x w /imulate ! cutane\s capill>ies1--increase vascul> action1 g5]ally1 &1 by its emolli5t p[]s1 relax ! morbidly con/rict$ m\?s ( ! p]spiratory vessels4 ,dur+ ! ard5t heat ( fev]1 ! ext]nal application ( cold is ! mo/ effici5t sudorific1 z ! valuable reports ( ,dr4 ,currie h v satisfactorily e/abli%$4 ,al?\gh ! ext]nal application ( cold 0 n (t5 employ$ 9 ! hot /age ( fev]1 until )9 ! la/ ?irty ye>s1 yet ! adm9i/ration ( cold dr9ks appe>s to h be5 practis$ by ! anci5ts1 z an exp$i5t to produce p]spiration4 ,gal51 & 8 imm$iate disciples1 z well z ! physicians ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 seem to h frequ5tly adm9i/]$ cold wat] = ! purpose ( excit+ sweat 9 fev]s4#afb ,celsus also describes ! b5eficial effects :i* arise f copi\s draughts ( cold wat] 9 ard5t fev]s1 8f]eque po/ longam sitim et vigiliam1 po/ multam satietatem1 po/ infractum calorem1 pl5us somnus v5it1 p] quem +5s sudor effunditur1 idque prs5tissimum auxilium e/40#afc ,cold wat]1 :5 introduc$ into ! /oma* 9 ! hot /age ( fev]1 mu/ produce its diaphoretic effect ?r\gh ! sympa!tic relation :i* subsi/s betwe5 t organ & ! sk94 ,nauseat+ doses ( ,antimony1 & ( o!r emetics1 occasion a relaxation ( ! surface f ! same mode ( op]ation1 & 9 ?is latt] case1 if ! =ce ( ! circulation be at ! same "t increas$ by tepid dilu5ts1 ! diaphoretic effect is m c]ta9 & consid]able4 ,alcohol1 ,guaiacum1 & o!r p[]ful /imulants1 produce _! effects by m]ely accel]at+ ! circulation2 b 9 employ+ su* rem$ies = ! purpose ( excit+ sweat1 we mu/ be c>eful to adapt !m to ! circum/ances ( ! case1 & to ! degree ( action :i* prevails4 ,9 all febrile diseases att5d$ ) mu* increas$ heat1 or connect$ ) local inflammation1 diaphoretics ( ?is description mu/ be v cauti\sly adm9i/]$1 = by accel]at+ ! circulation !y might c\nt]act any b5efit :i* !y w\ld o!rwise conf] by relax+ ! vessels ( ! sk94 ,9 ! :ole hi/ory ( m$ical op9ions !re is sc>cely a !ory :i* has prov$ s fatal 9 its practical applications z t ma9ta9$ by ,van ,helmont1 & 8 disciples1 viz4 t acute diseases 7 to be cur$ by expell+ "s morbific matt]1 aft] its prop] concoction--a !ory :i* sugge/$ ! adm9i/ration ( ! mo/ /imulat+ sudorifics1 toge!r ) high temp]ature#afd 9 e grade ( febrile exac]bation4 ,! fatal effects ( su* a practice dur+ ! sev5te5?1 & e>ly p>ts ( ! eighte5? c5turies1 are incalculable1 & may be v satisfactorily contra/$ ) ! b5eficial results :i* h accru$1 9 ! same diseases1 9 ! pres5t age1 f ! use ( diaphoretics ( ! refrig]ant k9d4 ,sal9e ,diaphoretics1 z !y readily pass ) ! *yle1 may be suppos$ to ent] ! circulation1 & be ?us br\ght to act1 directly1 on ! cutane\s vessels2 at ! same "t x seems extremely probable t su* rem$ies may also occasion an impression on ! /oma*1 :i* is sympa!tically communicat$ to ! vessels ( ! sk92 !y h und\bt$ly little or no influ5ce on ! g5]al vascul> sy/em1 & nei!r augm5t ! =ce nor ! velocity ( ! circulat+ curr5t4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 9 febrile affections alone t ?is class ( rem$ies proves highly b5eficial2 ! v intimate sympa!tic connection :i* subsi/s betwe5 ! functions ( ! lungs & sk9s1 r5d]s ! use ( su* m$ic9es p>ticul>ly advantage\s 9 ! cure ( ! diseases incid5t to ! =m] ( ^! organs2 a fact ^u :i* we %all h]eaft] (f] "s rem>ks "u ! hi/ory ( ,expectorants4 ,s aga91 9 ! treatm5t ( b[el affections1 9 consequ5ce ( ! intimate relation :i* exi/s betwe5 ! cutane\s capill>ies & ^? ( ! int]nal organs1 g5tle diaphoretics (f] a valuable res\rce 9 _! cure4 ,h[ frequ5tly d ,di>rha1 ,ent]itis1 c4 ensue f ! sudd5 suppression ( p]spiration by cold8 ,f ! influ5ce :i* ^! m$ic9es ex]t ^u ! extreme vessels ( ! sk91 !y are also highly s]viceable 9 v>i\s ob/9ate cutane\s affections1 z ,h]pes1 ,lepra1 c4 ,z evacuat+ ! s]\s "p ( ! blood mu/ necess>ily h an indirect effect 9 promot+ absorption1 ,sudorifics h be5 occasionally exhibit$ 9 ,dropsy1 especially 9 t =m ( ! disease call$ ,anas>ca4 ,x has be5 already obs]v$ t cases too frequ5tly occur 9 :i* ! dis*>ge ( ur9e _c be increas$ by art2 ^u su* occasions practition]s h sometimes _h rec\rse to a trial ( ,sudorifics1#afe b f ! great difficulty :i* g5]ally exi/s 9 excit+ sweat+ 9 su* affections1 ! indication has r>ely be5 fulfill$4 ,:]e h[ev] a sudorific does succe$1 x is less liable to debilitate ?an ! o!r alt]native ( a dra/ic purgative4 ,!re is /ill ano!r po9t ( view 9 :i* ! !rapeutic importance ( ,diaphoretics may be consid]$4 ,x is g5]ally ackn[l$g$ t by cutane\s transpiration a portion ( excrem5titi\s matt] is eject$ f ! sy/em2 h5ce by ! failure or imp]fect p]=mance ( ?is function1 a delet]i\s fluid is reta9$ :i* may give orig9 to disease2 to su* a cause may p]haps be attribut$ ! g5]ation ( ,calculi1 & o!r diseases ( ! ur9>y sy/em1 z we %all h occasion to notice "u ! head ( ,li?on?ryptics4 ,! increas$ efficacy :i* ^! m$ic9es d]ive f comb9ation ) ea* o!r1 w =m a subject ( int]e/+ enquiry 9 ! succe$+ essay4 ,,expectorants4 ,m$ic9es :i* are suppos$ to be capable ( facilitat+ ! excretion ( mucus f ! brea/1 ex pectore1 t is1 f ! tra*ea1 & cells & passages ( ! lungs4 ,if ! t]m ,expectorant be int5d$ to express a m$ic9al sub/ance :i* has ! p[] ( promot+ ! expulsion ( fluid f ! lungs1 by "s specific action on ! p>ts conc]n$1 we c h no hesitation 9 at once reject+ ! ^w1 & d5y+ ! exi/5ce ( su* rem$ies3 if1 h[ev] ! t]m be receiv$1 conv5tionally1 z compreh5d+ all ^? sub/ances :i* are capable1 accord+ to ! /ate ( ! sy/em 9 ea* p>ticul> case1 ( produc+ expectoration1 x w be extremely prop] to recognise1 & practically useful to reta91 su* a class ( m$ic9al ag5ts4 ,9 ord] t _! modus op]&i may be correctly und]/ood1 ! foll[+ classification is submitt$ to ! read]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,classification ,,( ,,expectorants1 ,accord+ to _! suppos$ ,modes ( ,op]ation4 ,,cl3 ,i--,,m$ic9es ,,:i* ,,increase ,,pulmon>y ,,exhalation1 ,,& ,,!reby ,,dilute ,,! ,,mucus ,,9 ,,! ,,follicles ,,( ,,! ,,lungs4 a4 ,by remov+ con/riction ( ! ,pulmon>y ,exhalant vessels4 ,bli/]s4 ,v5esection4 ,nauseants4 b4 ,by /imulat+ ^! vessels by ! actual contact ( a m$ic9al sub/ance4 ,allium4 ,scilla8 ,! diff]5t ,balsams4 ftid ,gums4 c4 ,by /imulat+ ! top ( ! tra*ea1 & !reby increas+ ! action ( ! exhalant vessels ( ! lungs1 by a species ( ,contigu\s ,sympa?y4 ,/imulat+ ,loz5ges1 ,l9ctusses1 ,! ,inhalation ( c]ta9 vap\rs1 c4 ,,cl3 ,,ii4--,,m$ic9es ,,:i* ,,dim9i% ,,! ,,inord9ate ,,fl[ ,,( ,,fluid ,,into ,,! ,,lungs1 ,,& ,,r5d] ,,! ,,expectoration ,,( ,,! ,,rema9d] ,,m ,,easy4 a4 ,by remov+ ! debility ( ! ,exhalants4 ,sulphate ( ,z9c4 ,bitt] ,tonics4 b4 ,by increas+ ! p[] ( ! ,absorb5ts4 ,digitalis4 ,nicotiana4 c4 ,by det]m9+ to ! sk9 by g5tle diaphoresis4 ,t>t>iz$ ,antimony4 d4 ,by excit+ s]\s dis*>ges f ! b[els4 ,sal9e ,purgatives4 ,,cl3 ,,iii4--,,m$ic9es ,,:i* ,,op]ate1 ,,me*anically1 ,,9 ,,promot+ ,,! ,,rejection ,,( ,,accumulat$ ,,mucus4 a4 ,by /imulat+ ! muscles ( ,respiration4 ,ammonia4 b4 ,by excit+ vomit+1 & !reby compress+ ! ?oracic visc]a4 ,emetics4 ,i4 ,,( ,,m$ic9es ,,:i* ,,increase ,,pulmon>y ,,exhalation4 a4 ,by remov+ con/riction ( ! ,pulmon>y ,exhalant vessels4 ,!re c be no d\bt b t1 9 c]ta9 /ates ( disease1 ! exhalants ( ! lungs1 l ^? ( ! sk91 are affect$ by a spasmodic con/riction1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ! usual quantity ( fluid = ! lubrication ( ^! p>ts1 is n effus$1 :5ce a tra9 ( morbid ph5om5a arise2 ?is appe>s to happ5 9 ,pneumonia1 ,a/hma1 & c]ta9 o!r diseases ( ! pulmon>y organs4 ,9 ord] to remove su* a con/riction1 rem$ies ( ! ,antispasmodic class may be exhibit$ ) advantage2 nauseat+ doses ( ,t>t>iz$ ,antimony1 or ( ,ipecacuanha1 are likewise calculat$ to fulfil ! same indication1 by an op]ation analog\s to t by :i* ,diaphoresis is produc$4 ,if ! t]m might be all[$ we %\ld call su* rem$ies ,pulmon>y ,diaphoretics4 ,x is 9 ?is way t ,v5esection1 ,bli/]s1 & o!r anti-phlogi/ic rem$ies1 may 9 c]ta9 /ates ( ! lungs re/ore a heal?y excretion f ^! vessels4 b4 ,by /imulat+ ! ,pulmon>y ,exhalants1 by ! actual contact ( a m$ic9al sub/ance4 ,!re c]ta9ly appe> to be sub/ances :i* ent] ! circulation1 & are m peculi>ly det]m9$ to ! pulmon>y vessels1 s9ce _! od\r is to be di/9ctly recognis$ 9 ! air t is expir$4 ,g>lic may be adduc$ z an example ( ?is k9d2 s p5etrat+ is its odor\s pr9ciple1 t if x be only appli$ to ! soles ( ! feet x may be p]ceiv$ 9 ! brea?4 ,su* sub/ances may /imulate ! exhalant vessels ?r\gh :i* !y pass1 & by ?is /imulus ! secretion may be increas$1 & ! mucus conta9$ 9 ! follicles dilut$1 s z to be p\r$ out 9 a less viscid =m1 & consequ5tly 9 a /ate to be m easily br\ght up by expectoration4 c4 ,by /imulat+ ! top ( ! tra*ea1 & !reby increas+ ! activity ( ! ,exhalant vessels ( ! lungs1 by a species ( contigu\s sympa?y4 ,! salut>y op]ation ( ^? v>i\s rem$ies1 :i* are all[$ to pass sl[ly ov] ! fauces1 suffici5tly e/abli% ! fact :i* is "h ann\nc$4 ,9 ?is mann] ,i appreh5d t mu* b5efit may arise f ! use ( a ,l9ctus1 & ,i am satisfi$ f exp]i5ce t c]ta9 cases ( ho>s5ess are to be frequ5tly remov$ by su* an application ( /imulat+ syrups4 ,! inhalation ( c]ta9 vap\rs w also enable u to make a m direct application to ^! p>ts2 z1 h[ev]1 x is my int5tion to d$icate a *apt] to ! consid]ation ( ?is =m ( rem$y1 x is unnecess>y to dwell ^u x 9 ?is place4 ,,ii4 ,,( ,,m$ic9es ,,:i* ,,dim9i% ,,! ,,inord9ate ,,fl[ ,,( ,,fluid ,,into ,,! ,,lungs4 a4 ,by remov+ ! debility ( ! ,exhalants4 ,x n unfrequ5tly occurs 9 p]sons ei!r debilitat$ by age or disease1 t ! exhalant vessels ( ! lungs lose _! tone1 & p\r out a l>g] quantity ( fluid ?an is necess>y = ! lubrication ( ^! organs2 ?is is p>ticul>ly obs]vable 9 ! disease call$ humoral a/hma1 & 9 ! cat>rh ( old p]sons3 if ?is excess be re/ra9$ by /r5g!n+ ! tone ( ! sy/em g5]ally1 or by a/r++ ^! vessels 9 p>ticul>1 ! expectoration ( ! rema9d] w be r5d]$ mu* m easy4 ,accord+ to my exp]i5ce1 sulphate ( z9c displays consid]able p[]s 9 mod]at+ ?is effusion ( fluid1 & x appe>s to produce ?is effect by increas+ ! tone ( ! exhalant vessels ( ! lungs2 sev]al m$ic9es also1 :i* are includ$ 9 ! =m] division ( ?is classification1 may1 by /imulat+ ^! organs1 n only promote ! exhalation :5 x is too scanty1 b repress x :5 x is too abundant4 b4 ,by increas+ ! p[] ( ! ,absorb5ts4 ,9 "s cases1 ! muc\s inundation may n dep5d ^u any fault 9 ! exhalants1 b ^u a torpid /ate ( ! pulmon>y absorb5ts3 our rem$y = ?is evil is to be f\nd among/ t class ( m$ic9es :i* h ! p[] ( promot+ absorption1 z small doses ( "s m]curial prep>ation1 ,digitalis1 & p]haps ,nicotiana1 c4 c4 ,by det]m9+ to ! sk9 by a g5tle diaphoresis4 ,x is evid5t t an increase ( ! cutane\s exhalation is g5]ally att5d$ ) a relative dim9ution 9 ! o!r s]\s excretions ( body2 ?is is s obvi\s ) respect to our ur9>y dis*>ge1 t e p]son mu/ h notic$ ! v>iation ( its quantity at diff]5t seasons ( ! ye>3 9 l mann] ! exhalation f ! lungs1 al?\gh less capable ( becom+ an object ( obs]vation1 is n less affect$ by ! /ate ( ! cutane\s dis*>ge2 h5ce m$ic9es capable ( promot+ x1 are calculat$ to dim9i% ! quantity ( s]\s exhalation f ! lungs2 & x is ^u ?is pr9ciple1 t well regulat$ doses ( ! comp\nd p[d] ( ,ipecacuan1 frequ5tly furni% ! oppress$ a/hmatic ) a valuable res\rce4 d4 ,by excit+ s]\s dis*>ges f ! b[els4 ,^u ! pr9ciple ann\nc$ 9 ! prec$+ section1 ! op]ation ( a sal9e ca?>tic may relieve ! pulmon>y organs :5 load$ ) a pret]natural accumulation ( fluid1 & consequ5tly assi/ expectoration4 ,on ! contr>y1 if ! exhalation be defici5t1 ?is class ( rem$ies may increase pulmon>y irritation1 & *eck expectoration1 a fact :i* co9cides ) ! concurr5t te/imony ( _m able practition]s4 ,,iii4 ,,( ,,m$ic9es ,,:i* ,,op]ate me*anically4 a4 ,by imp>t+ vig\r to ! respiratory muscles1 engag$ 9 ! act ( expectorat+4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 expectoration is a volunt>y op]ation1 connect$ ) ! action ( a v>iety ( muscles1 :i* 9 a /ate ( extreme debility are n easily excit$ into action3 e practition] mu/ h notic$ ?is fact dur+ ! treatm5t ( ! c\ghs ( exhau/$ pati5ts1 & h witness$ ! di/ress necess>ily aris+ f x2 9 ?is condition1 ! exhibition ( a /imulant may s f> r5ew ! exhau/$ excitability ( ^! organs1 z to enable !m to und]go ! necess>y ex]tions4 b4 ,by compress+ ! ?oracic visc]a1 ?r\gh ! op]ation ( an emetic4 ,! b5eficial results :i* frequ5tly att5d ! concussion ( an emetic1 9 cases ( muc\s accumulations 9 ! lungs1 are too well kn[n & und]/ood to require mu* elucidation3 9 ! act ( vomit+ ! ?oracic visc]a are viol5tly compress$1 ! neighb\r+ muscles are also call$ into /rong action1 & bo? expiration & inspiration are ?us r5d]$ m =cible1 & ! expulsion ( mucus f ! cavity ( ! lungs necess>ily accompli%$4 ,! safety & exp$i5cy ( su* a res\rce mu/1 h[ev]1 9 ea* p>ticul> case be left to ! discretion ( ! m$ical practition]4 ,besides ! rem$ies above enum]at$1 !re are "s o!rs :i* af=d relief 9 c]ta9 c\ghs1 & h !re=e 9 popul> m$ic9e1 be5 consid]$ z ,expectorants2 b _! op]ation1 if !y ex]t any1 is to be expla9$ ^u pr9ciples altoge!r diff]5t f t ( facilitat+ expectoration1 & w m prop]ly fall "u ! head ( ,demulc5ts4 ,atmosph]ic *anges1 9 relation to moi/ure & dryness1 des]ve "s notice be=e we conclude ! hi/ory ( expectorant ag5ts3 ! subject teems ) curi\s & important facts1 & ! advantages :i* ! a/hmatic pati5t d]ives f su* *anges m]it f>!r inve/igation4 ,t ! lungs are con/antly giv+ (f aque\s vap\r is made evid5t by cond5s+ ! expir$ air on a cold surface ( glass or metal2 & x is easy to imag9e t :5 ! atmosph]e is saturat$ ) moi/ure1 its p[] ( conduct+ (f ?is vap\r w be proportionably dim9i%$1 & t an accumulation ( fluid may ?us take place 9 ! lungs2 on ! o!r h&1 we may suppose ! air to be s dry z to h an increas$ capacity = moi/ure1 & to c>ry (f ! expir$ vap\r ) pret]natural avidity2 9 ei!r ( ^! cases1 ! excretions f ! lungs w be mat]ially influ5c$1 :e!r to ! b5efit or disadvantage ( ! pati5t w dep5d1 9 ea* p>ticul> in/ance1 ^u ! nature ( ! disease "u :i* he suff]s4 ,i h kn[n a p]son :o c\ld brea! ) m fre$om 9 ! ?ick fogs ( ! metropolis ?an 9 ! pure air ( a m\nta9\s region1 & x w\ld n be difficult to adduce _m examples 9 illu/ration ( a diametrically opposite con/itution ( ! pulmon>y organs4 ,f ! same cause we may frequ5tly obs]ve rem>kable *anges occur 9 ! "* ( a c\gh1 at ! break+ up ( a fro/2 9 "s cases ! expectoration w be *eck$1 & 9 o!rs promot$ by a sudd5 *ange f a dry to a moi/ atmosph]e4 ,c a m in/ructive illu/ration be (f]$ ( t important fact1 :i* ,i h be5 lab\r+ 9 e page to impress ^u ! m9d ( ! "y practition]1 t1 rem$ies are only relative ag5ts8 ,9 ! c\rse ( consid]able exp]i5ce 9 ! treatm5t ( pulmon>y compla9ts1 & 9 ! influ5ce ( climate & seasons ^u !m1 ,i h repeat$ly obs]v$ ! rapid transition f moi/ure to dryness to occasion v rem>kable effects ^u ! disease2 & ,i mu* "q :e!r an att5tion to su* a condition ( ! atmosph]e does n des]ve z mu* consid]ation 9 ! election ( a suitable place ( resid5ce = su* invalids1 z ! m obvi\s circum/ance ( temp]ature4 ,i h be5 long 9 ! habit ( recomm5d+ to p]sons conf9$ 9 artificially w>m$ ap>tm5ts1 to evaporate a c]ta9 portion ( wat]1 :5ev] ! ext]nal air has become excessively dry by ! preval5ce ( ! nor?-ea/ w9ds1 :i* s frequ5tly infe/ ?is isl& dur+ ! mon?s ( ,spr+2 & ! mo/ m>k$ advantage has att5d$ ! practice4 ,b 9 su* cases ! practition] mu/ ev] be guid$ by ! symptoms ( ea* p>ticul> case2 x w\ld be worse ?an useless to lay d[n any g5]al precept = 8 guidance4 ,we _c !n be surpris$ t su* a diff]5ce ( op9ion %\ld exi/ among/ practition]s ( equal em95ce1 respect+ ! influ5ce ( a m>9e atmosph]e2 "s advocat+ its advantages to ! pulmon>y invalid1 & o!rs ma9ta9+ ) equal confid5ce ! injuri\s t5d5cy ( su* localities2 ea* p>ty appeals to exp]i5ce 9 ju/ification ( 8 op9ion1 & ) equal c&\r & ju/ice2 b ! cases f ! results ( :i* ! m$ical inf]5ce has be5 drawn1 h[ev] p>allel !y may h appe>$1 diff]$ 9 ^? ess5tial po9ts to :i* we h allud$1 & ^u :i* ! "q ( climate w\ld seem to turn4 ,!re is ano!r circum/ance connect$ ) ! subject ( atmosph]ic moi/ure :i* x is also ess5tial to rememb]1--t ! air ga9s a consid]able increase 9 its p[] ( conduct+ caloric1 by becom+ saturat$ ) aque\s vap\r2 ?us1 :5 a ?aw takes place1 & ! !rmomet] rises a few degrees above #cb1 ! air1 in/ead ( impress+ u ) ! s5sation ( increas$ temp]ature1 actually appe>s mu* cold]4 ,,sialogogues2 ,sub/ances :i* increase ! saliv>y#aff dis*>ge4 ,?is class compreh5ds two ord]s ( m$ic9es1 viz4 #a/4 ,^? :i* increase ! saliv>y excretion by ext]nal application to ! secret+ vessels1 by ma/ication1 z ! foll[+ acrimoni\s & pung5t sub/ances1 ,an!mis ,pyre?rum2 ,col*e>ia ,armoracia2 ,daphne ,mez]eum2 ,nicotiana ,tabacum1 c4 #bnd4 ,^? ^: int]nal exhibition affects ^! organs ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! circulation1 ( :i* ,m]cury is ! only true example2 = all ! prep>ations ( ?is metal1 :5 adm9i/]$ 9 c]ta9 quantities1 produce salivation4 ,! acrid ,sialogogues1 or ,ma/icatories1 by /imulat+ ! excretory ducts1 & increas+ ! secretion ( saliva1 sometimes relieve ! pa9 ( too?-a*e1 & are commonly resort$ to = t purpose2 !y are besides suppos$ capable ( reliev+ o!r conge/ions1 or inflammatory dispositions1 9 remote p>ts ( ! head1 by ! d]ivation !y occasion f ! neighb\r+ vessels1 especially ! bran*es ( ! ext]nal c>otid4 ,m]cury1 9 its metallic /ate1#afg is p]fectly in]t1 & does n ex]t any influ5ce :atev] ^u ! liv+ body3 ?is fact is suffici5t1 if any s]i\s refutation 7 necess>y1 to ov]turn ! !ory :i* attributes its sialogogue prop]ty to ! gravity ( its p>ticles1 by :i* 8x is dispos$ to reta9 ! direct l9e 9 :i* x is propell$ f ! he>t1 & is !re=e m c]ta9ly det]m9$ to ! vessels ( ! head40 ,x has be5 also suppos$ to act by dim9i%+ ! l5tor ( ! blood1 & dispos+ x to pass m easily into ! saliv>y gl&s1 s z to increase _! secretion3 equally gratuit\s & improbable are ! *emical hypo!sis :i* h be5 (f]$ to expla9 ?is curi\s & s+ul> prop]ty2 ,dr4 ,cull5 endeav\r$ to solve ! problem1 by suppos+ t 8,m]cury has a p>ticul> disposition to unite ) ammoniacal salts1 & t su* salts are dispos$ to pass (f by ! saliv>y gl&s m copi\sly ?an by any o!r excretion40 ,dr4 ,murray1 h[ev]1 v ju/ly rem>ks t m]cury has n any peculi> t5d5cy ( ?is k9d2 & t if x _h1 ^! salts are n m abundant 9 ! saliva1 ?an 9 "s o!r secretions4 ,dr4 ,murray !n proce$s to submit a !ory :i* he consid]s bett] calculat$ to expla9 ! ph5om5on2 he obs]ves1 t ! ur9e appe>s m peculi>ly design$ to convey matt] :i* has be5 receiv$ into ! circulat+ mass1 b :i* is /ill excrem5titi\s1 f ! sy/em4 ,to pass1 h[ev]1 ) ?is fluid1 x is necess>y t ! matt] convey$ %\ld be soluble 9 x2 & :5 x is s1 we c discov] x 9 ! secretion by *emical te/s4 ,if !re is any prop]ty connect$ ) x1 !re=e1 :i* %all prev5t ?is solubility1 x probably w prev5t ! sub/ance f be+ secret$4 ,n[1 ! phosphoric acid1 abundant 9 ur9e1 mu/ 9 ?is mode c\nt]act ! secretion ( m]cury 9 any =m ( prep>ation1 by =m+ ) x a comp\nd1 insoluble1 & to :i* ! slight excess ( acid _c communicate solubility2 ! m]cury1 !re=e1 exi/+ 9 ! circulat+ mass1 :5 br\ght 9 ! c\rse ( ! circulation to ! secret+ vessels ( ! kidneys1 w n pass ?r\gh _! :ole c\rse2 b if convey$ s f> z to be comb9$ ) phosphoric acid1 w1 f ?is comb9ation1 be incapable ( be+ convey$ onw>ds1 & w !re=e be reta9$ 9 ! composition ( t "p ( ! blood :i* does n ent] into ! secretion1 b returns into ! circulation4 ,x mu/ be dis*>g$ by "s o!r emunctory2 a portion ( x appe>s1 f "s facts1 to pass (f by ! ins5sible p]spiration2 b ! t5uity ( ?is secretion1 if ! t]m may be employ$1 mu/ be unfav\rable to ?is mode ( dis*>ge4 ,! saliv>y secretion is "o by :i* x may be m easily transmitt$2 & ?is transmission may ev5 be facilitat$ by ! aff9ity ex]t$ to ! ,oxide ( ,m]cury by ! ,muriatic ,acid1 ! ,soda1 & ,ammonia1 :i* are ! *ief sal9e +r$i5ts 9 saliva2 = x des]ves to be rem>k$ t triple comp\nds ( ^! sub/ances are1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 soluble 9 wat]2 & if ! ,m]cury is ?us secret$1 x w ( c\rse /imulate ! secret+ vessels ?r\gh :i* x passes1 & increase ! dis*>ge4 ,sir ,gilb]t ,blane#afh has lately advanc$ ano!r hypo!sis to acc\nt = ! effects ( m]cury z a sialogogue2 he consid]s ! saliv>y gl&s z "o ( ! outlets = ! ram5ta ( ! bones1 = by analys+ ! saliva we discov] ! pr9ciples ( :i* !y consi/2 inde$ ! osse\s matt] n unfrequ5tly concretes on ! tee?1 & sometimes on ! saliv>y ducts1 9 ! =m ( :at is call$ ,t>t>3 8does n ?is fact10 says ,sir ,gilb]t ,blane1 89 "s measure acc\nt = ^! gl&s be+ ! p>ts ^u :i* det]m9ation is made by ! op]ation ( m]cury1 :i* consi/s 9 excit+ an active absorption ( solid p>ts1 z ,i h else:]e obs]v$80#afi ,b d n ! kidneys1 & o!r excretory gl&s also furni% outlets1 ?r\gh :i* ! detritus ( ! body is elim9at$4 ,h[ does x happ51 !re=e1 t ! kidneys are n z equally affect$ z ! saliv>y gl&s by ! action ( m]cury8 ,9 ! pres5t /ate ( our k x w be m prud5t to re/ on ! ph5om5on z an ultimate fact1 ?an 9 attempt+ to asc5d high] 9 ! scale ( causes1 to involve ourselves 9 imp5etrable d>kness4 ,dur+ ! preval5ce ( ! !ory :i* attribut$ to ,nitric acid all ! antisyphilitic p[]s ( m]cury1 x 0 ev5 ma9ta9$ t ?is acid also excit$ ptyalism2 exp]i5ce h[ev] has disprov$ ! effects ?us attribut$ to x1 & no "o attempts to support its pret5sions1 z a sialogogue1 except inde$ z x may p]*ance1 by its acrid qualities1 influ5ce ! excretory ducts ( ! gl&s1 ext]nally1 9 ! act ( be+ swall[$4 ,x has v lately be5 /at$ by ,dr4 ,macleod1#agj t ! ,hydro-cyanic acid occasionally produces sor5ess ( ! gums1 & a disposition to ptyalism2 ?is1 if true1 is a v rem>kable fact1 & well des]ves att5tive consid]ation4 ,"s !ori/s may1 p]haps1 be incl9$ to consid] c]ta9 ,nauseat+ ,m$ic9es z possess+ sialogogue prop]ties4 ,x _c be d5i$ t an increas$ dis*>ge ( saliva w take place dur+ ! op]ation ( su* rem$ies1 b x is v transi5t1 & c nev] be r5d]$ available to any !rapeutic object4 ,i %all h[ev] h occasion to ref] to ?is fact h]eaft]1 & to ! inf]5ce d$uc$ f x by ,dr4 ,eb]le1 9 explanation ( ! effect ( nauseat+ m$ic9es 9 promot+ ! op]ation ( ,m]cury4 ,,errh9es1 or ,,/]nutatories3 ,sub/ances :i*1 by direct application to ! pituit>y membrane1 occasion a dis*>ge f ! no/rils ei!r ( a muc\s or s]\s fluid4 ,?is class conta9s sev]al diff]5t species1 ^: op]ation v>ies 9 int5sity1 z well z 9 duration4 ,errh9es h be5 reg>d$ z useful 9 consequ5ce ( ! evacuation !y occasion1 b 9 ?is respect _! value has be5 greatly ov]-rat$2 x has be5 /at$1 t !y dim9i% ! quantity ( fluid circulat+ 9 ! neighb\r+ vessels1 & ev5 ext5d _! influ5ce to all ! bran*es ( ! ext]nal c>otid2 & ,dr4 ,cull5 says t he has1 app>5tly f ?is op]ation1 kn[n head-a*e1 pa9 ( ! e>1 & "s cases ( oph?almia1 cur$ or reliev$ by ! use ( ,errh9es4 ,!re c be no d\bt t local /imulants ( ?is k9d w frequ5tly remove pa9 f ! head & neighb\r+ p>ts1 b n m]ely by occasion+ vascul> depletion1 z ,dr4 ,cull5 suppos$1 b by a /imulant op]ation convey$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( n]v\s communication1 or contigu\s sympa?y4 ,dr4 ,cull5 has moreov] suppos$1 t ^! sub/ances may be useful 9 prev5t+ apoplexy or palsy4 ,morgagni#aga h[ev] relates a case 9 :i* sneez+ induc$ a fatal attack ( ?is disease2 & ,van ,swiet5#agb has satisfactorily %ewn1 t cont9u$ p>oxysms ( sneez+ t5d to load ! vessels ( ! head ) blood2 = ! viol5t contraction ( ! *e/ imp$es1 = a "t1 ! passage ( ! blood ?r\gh ! lungs1 & !re=e ob/ructs ! return ( ! v5\s blood f ! bra91 ! vessels ( :i* are 9 consequ5ce greatly di/5d$2 ! face !re=e r$d5s & becomes turgid1 ! eyes are suffus$ ) wat]1 & appe> full & di/5d$4 ,its occasional dang]\s viol5ce is said to h giv5 orig9 to ! b5$iction s univ]sally be/[$ on ^? :o sneeze4#agc ,x has be5 a subject ( popul> inquiry1 h[ f> ! habitual use ( ,snuff may prove b5eficial or injuri\s2 & :e!r ! habit1 :5 once fully e/abli%$1 c be discont9u$ ) impunity8 ,x may be rem>k$ t ,snuff1 by habitual use1 soon ceases to produce ! effect ( an ,errh9e1 = :i* reason its discont9uance _c1 g5]ally1 be reg>d$ z likely to be att5d$ ) any dang]2 9 ^? cases1 h[ev]1 9 :i* ! dis*>ge is p]petuat$1 a contr>y judgm5t %\ld be pron\nc$1 = all artificial dis*>ges become con/itutional by long cont9uance1 & c !re=e be seldom *eck$ ) impunity4 ,dr4 ,cull5 /ates1 f exp]i5ce1 t 8:5ev] ! nasal dis*>ge has be5 consid]able1 ! lay+ aside ! cu/om ( tak+ snuff has be5 productive ( evil40 ,,epispa/ics4 ,vesicatories4 ,bli/]s4 ,ext]nal applications to ! sk91 :i* produce a s]\s or puri=m dis*>ge1 by previ\sly excit+ a high /ate ( inflammation4 ,:5 ^! ag5ts act s mildly z m]ely to excite inflammation1 )\t occasion+ ! effusion ( s]um1 !y are d5om9at$ ,,rubefaci5ts4 ,v>i\s sub/ances h at diff]5t times1 be5 propos$ = ! accompli%m5t ( ?is object1--su* z ,nitric ,acid1 ,boil+ ,wat]1 ,/rong ,acetic ,acid1 ,t>t>iz$ ,antimony1 c4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 g5]ally admitt$1 t no sub/ance ev] employ$ equals 9 efficacy1 or c]ta9ty1 ! ,can?>is ,vesicatoria1 ! common bli/]+1 or ,spani% fly2 & ^: effects may s]ve to illu/rate ! modus op]&i ( ?is class ( rem$ies4 ,by ! application ( a ,bli/]1 ! extreme blood vessels are excit$ into increas$ action1 by :i* inflammation is occasion$1 & ! exhalants made to p\r out a ?9 s]\s fluid :i* sep>ates ! cuticle f ! true sk91 & =ms a vesicle or bli/]4 ,f ?is simple view ( ! subject x w appe> evid5t1 t bli/]s may produce _! salut>y effects by sev]al diff]5t modes ( op]ation2 by a j e/imate ( :i* ! practition] w be enabl$ to reconcile ! discordant op9ions :i* h be5 deliv]$ ^u ! subject1 & to employ ^! ag5ts ) great] satisfaction & advantage4 ,bli/]s may act-- #a4 ,,z ,,d]ivatives1 i4 e4 by produc+ a d]ivation ( ! circulation f ! inflam$ & engorg$ vessels ( ! neighb\r+ organs to ! bli/]$ surface4 ,?is mode ( op]ation 0 long ov]look$ by ! physicians1 :o ascrib$ all ! b5eficial effects ( a bli/] to ! evacuation :i* x produc$1 :ile ! humoral pa?ologi/1 moreov]1 consid]$ ! matt] s dis*>g$ to be ( a morbific nature4 ,t su* ag5ts owe _! salut>y t5d5cy to causes indep5d5t ( _! p[]s z evacuants1 is at once r5d]$ evid5t by ! relief :i* !y af=d1 :5 us$ only z ,rubefaci5ts4 #b4 ,,z ,,evacuants--by occasion+ an effusion ( ,fluids4 ,9 ?is case ! vesicat$ "p may be consid]$ 9 ! light ( a new excretory organ1 ! =mation ( :i* requires ! e/abli%m5t ( a new curr5t or det]m9ation ( blood2 s long z ! dis*>ge cont9ues1 s long w !re be an especial dem& ( blood 9 ! bli/]$ "p1 & a consequ5t d]ivation ( ! circulation f ! inflam$ & engorg$ vessels ( ! neighb\r+ organs4#agd ,! nature ( ! fluid effus$ is at fir/ s]\s1 b aft] "s "t x becomes purul5t1 & ?is /age ( its op]ation mu/ be consid]$ z1 by f>1 ! mo/ b5eficial2 h5ce ! great advantages d]iv$ f a 8p]petual bli/]40 #c4 ,,z ,,g5]al ,,/imulants1 by rais+ ! vig\r ( ! circulation4#age ,t ,bli/]s h su* a t5d5cy !re exi/ too _m pro(s to all[ u to d\bt4 ,h5ce 9 fev]s !y frequ5tly prove valuable auxili>ies1 b s9ce ! application ( any /imulus1 9 su* diseases1 mu/ be regulat$ by ! degree ( excitem5t1 x is evid5t t !y c only be made ) success 9 p>ticul> /ages2 ?is simple fact w at once expla9 ! cause ( t want ( unanimity 9 ,physicians ) respect to ! value ( bli/]s 9 febrile diseases4 ,ru% consid]$ t !re 0 "o p>ticul> p]iod1 9 ! c\rse ( a cont9u$ fev]1 int]m$iate betwe5 its /age ( high excitem5t & ! appe>ance ( a collapse1 9 :i* bli/]s w g5]ally produce unequivocal good effects1 & to ?is he gave ! "n ( ! ,bli/]+ po9t4 #d4 ,,z ,,antispasmodics4--,reliev+ pa9 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ,contigu\s ,sympa?y4 ,?is effect w\ld frequ5tly appe> to be indep5d5t ( ! op]ations above enum]at$2 a simil> pr9ciple seems to exi/ ) reg>d to ! pa9 excit$ by bli/]s1 :i* may also be appli$ to ! explanation ( ! advantages d]iv$ f !m 9 sev]al diseases4 ,x has long be5 rem>k$ t1 by excit+ "o pa9 we may (t5 relieve ano!r1 & h5ce bli/]s af=d relief 9 too?-a*e1 & o!r pa9ful affections4 ,epilepsy & ,hy/]ia1 aris+ f irritation1 h be5 remov$ by su* applications1 app>5tly f _! excit+ p[]s4 ,x rema9s = u to make a few obs]vations ^u ! abuse ( ^! rem$ies1 =1 not)/&+ ! popul> adage t 8,bli/]s are always safe ?+s10 t 8if !y d no good1 !y c d no h>m10 !y w be f\nd1 l all o!r pot5t applications1 capable ( produc+ mu* mis*ief :5 direct$ by unskilful h&s4 ,9 /ages ( high vascul> excitem5t 9 ! pulmon>y organs1 bli/]s h increas$ ! irritation !y 7 design$ to allay1 & 9 "s cases h promot$ a t5d5cy to effusion2 9 ! treatm5t ( acute ,hydrocephalus ! common practice ( bli/]+ ! head appe>s v que/ionable1 & has too (t51 ,i am well p]suad$1 accel]at$ ! fatal t]m9ation1 by increas+ ! disposition to s]\s effusion4 ,,issues 7,fonticuli7 & ,,setons 7,setacea#agf74 ,! effects ( ^! processes be> a /rong analogy to ^? :i* are produc$ by ,vesicatories2 !y are1 h[ev]1 m p]man5t1 & are on t acc\nt bett] adapt$ to ! relief ( ^? *ronic affections :i* w\ld seem to require a rem$y ( long cont9u$ influ5ce4 ,9 pulmon>y affections1 = in/ance1 a seton 9 ! side is frequ5tly att5d$ ) v consid]able b5efit4 ,! popul> belief 9 humoral pa?ology1 :i* cont9ues to influ5ce ! mass ( mank9d1 has p]haps assign$ to ^! rem$ies a great] %>e ( cr$it ?an t to :i* !y are really entitl$1 b x mu/ /ill be ackn[l$g$ t :5 an ulc] hav+ exi/$ a great l5g? ( "t1 is heal$ or dri$ up1 or any con/itutional dis*>ge is sudd5ly *eck$1 ! heal? may become affect$4 ,9 su* cases ! e/abli%+ a dis*>ge by means ( an ,issue is und\bt$ly a safe1 & (t5 a b5eficial op]ation4 ,,iii4 ,,( ,,*emical ,,rem$ies4 ,!re is no pr9ciple 9 physiology bett] e/abli%$ ?an t :i* consid]s vitality z a p[] engag$ 9 cont9ual conflict ) ! physical1 *emical1 & me*anical laws1 to :i* e species ( inanimate matt] is inv>iably subject4 ,e ph5om5on ( ! liv+ body might be advanc$ 9 illu/ration & support ( ?is g5]al position4 ,! animal ma*9e is con/antly surr\nd$ & assail$ by ag5ts1 ^: elective attractions = ! pr9ciples ( :i* x consi/s1 are s num]\s & en]getic1 t its decomposition w\ld inevitably & spe$ily result1 7 n ! adhesion ( its molecules ma9ta9$ by ! cons]vative influ5ce ( a sup]ior p[]4 ,! compositions & decompositions :i* manife/ !mselves 9 ! elaborate op]ations ( *ylification1 sanguification1 & secretion1 are c>ri$ on by ag5cies totally di/9ct f ^? :i* gov]n ! comb9ations ( in]t matt]1 & mu/ be inve/igat$ ^u pr9ciples ess5tially diff]5t4 ,h[ !n1 x may be ask$1 c a m$ic9al sub/ance be br\ght to act *emically ^u ! liv+ body8 ,not)/&+ ! g5]al proposition1 t ! animal processes to :i* we h allud$1 are gov]n$ by laws peculi> to life1 yet x mu/ be admitt$ t su* processes are occasionally influ5c$1#agg modifi$1 & controll$ by p[]s /rictly *emical 9 _! op]ation2 al?\gh 9 "s cases x w be se5 t su* effects af=d only app>5t exceptions to ! g5]al law3 = sev]al ( ! rem$ies ^: op]ations h be5 reg>d$ z purely *emical1 ex]t _! influ5ce on p>ts :i* _c be /rictly consid]$ "u ! control ( ! liv+ pr9ciple2 ( :i* ,antacids1 & c]ta9 ,antidotes & ,antiseptics1 to be h]eaft] expla9$1 may be consid]$ z examples3 9 l mann] w cataplasms ( acetic acid ha/5 ! exfoliation ( c>i\s bone2 a practice :i* has lately be5 employ$ ) mu* success 9 ! ,infirm>y at ,gl\ce/]4 ,^u ! same pr9ciple alkal9e applications may be made to dissolve coagulat$ blood2 suppose1 = ! sake ( illu/ration1 t ! bladd] %\ld become fill$ ) coagulum ?r\gh hemorrhage f ! pro/ate gl&1 & t ! mo/ s]i\s consequ5ces 7 to be appreh5d$ f ! di/5tion2 9 su* an em]g5cy1 a dilute & tepid solution ( potass1 if inject$ ?r\gh ! ca!t]1 might prove em95tly s]viceable2 al?\gh su* a practice w\ld require ! utmo/ skill = its safe direction1 s9ce ! removal ( ! plug1 ?us af=d$ by ,nature to ! ble$+ vessel1 might be foll[$ by an imm$iate return ( active hemorrhage4 ,on ! contr>y1 o!r ag5ts de/roy ! vitality ( ! organ be=e !y c produce any *ange 9 ! matt] ( :i* x is compos$1 z ! action ( ,es*>otics w cle>ly demon/rate4 ,,refrig]ants4 ,sub/ances :i* directly dim9i% ! =ce ( ! circulation1 & r$uce ! heat ( ! body1 )\t occasion+ any dim9ution ( s5sibility or n]v\s en]gy4 ,^! rem$ies may be consid]$ ei!r z ext]nal & local1 or z int]nal & g5]al4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 !re w n be mu* difficulty 9 sub/antiat+ _! claims to be consid]$ ,*emical ,ag5ts1 b 9 ! latt] case1 ! !ory ( _! op]ation is unsatisfactory & obscure2 & ev5 ! facts :i* are adduc$ to e/abli% ! exi/5ce ( su* a class ( rem$ies1 are ( a v problematical "*4 ,,topical ,,refrig]ants4 ,9 ! case ( ext]nal inflammation1 refrig]ation may be produc$ by ! application ( cold sub/ances1 su* z wat]1 ice1 or c]ta9 sal9e solutions1 or by ! ab/raction ( heat by means ( evaporation1 :i* is v effectually accompli%$ by ! use ( lotions compos$ ( _s or e!r4 ,by ^! me?ods we are capable ( directly dim9i%+ ! activity ( ! vessels ( ! "p2 ?us1 9 burns & scalds1 ! pa9 is in/antly reliev$1 & ! inflammation effectually r$uc$4 ,,int]nal ,,refrig]ants4 ,!re are c]ta9 sal9e sub/ances :i*1 by und]go+ a rapid solution1 & acquir+ an increas$ capacity = caloric1 produce a dim9ution ( temp]ature1 & if ?is takes place 9 ! /oma*1 ! s5sation ( cold :i* x w produce is equival5t to a p>tial ab/raction ( /imulus2 :i*1 be+ ext5d$ by sympa?y to ! he>t1 occasions a transi5t r$uction 9 ! =ce ( ! circulation1 & by ?is1 or by a simil> sympa!tic affection1 causes a s5sation ( cold ov] ! :ole body2 9 ?is mann] ,dr4 ,murray expla9s ! refrig]ant op]ation ( nitre1 :i* aft] all is ( a v d\btful nature4 ,we %all p]haps n feel mu* difficulty 9 accept+ ?is !ory1 & 9 all[+ t g5]al refrig]ant effects may be tempor>ily produc$1 by occasion+ an impression ( cold ^u ! /oma*4 ,! !ory :i* is propos$ to expla9 ! refrig]ant op]ation ( vegetable acids & c]ta9 o!r sub/ances1 & :i* we h n[ to consid]1 is d]iv$ f ^? *emical views respect+ animal heat1 9 :i* ! consumption ( oxyg5 9 ! act ( respiration is consid]$ ! pr9cipal s\rce4 ,dr4 ,murray1#agh :o has giv5 a lum9\s exposition ( ?is !ory1 says 8x is e/abli%$ by num]\s exp]im5ts & obs]vations1 t ! quantity ( oxyg5 consum$ 9 ! lungs is mat]ially influ5c$ by ! nature ( ! +e/a receiv$ into ! /oma*4 ,:5 ! food & dr9k are compos$ ( sub/ances :i* conta9 a small proportion ( oxyg51 x is kn[n t ! consumption ( oxyg5 9 ! lungs is increas$1 & ?is ev5 9 a %ort "t aft] ! alim5t has be5 receiv$2 ?us ,mr4 ,spald+1 ! celebrat$ div]1 obs]v$1 t :5ev] he us$ a diet ( animal food1 or drank spiritu\s liquors1 he consum$ 9 a mu* %ort] "t ! oxyg5 ( ! atmosph]ic air 9 8 div+-bell2 & !re=e he _h le>n$ f exp]i5ce to conf9e himself to a vegetable diet1 & to wat] = dr9k1 :5 foll[+ 8 pr(ession40#agi ,dur+ dige/ion too1 x 0 e/abli%$ by ! exp]im5ts ( ,lavoisi] & ,segu91 t a l>g] proportion ( oxyg5 ?an usual is consum$4 ,b x is kn[n1 t ! animal temp]ature is d]iv$ f ! consumption ( oxyg5 gas by respiration2 &1 t an increase 9 t consumption w occasion a great] evolution ( caloric 9 ! sy/em1 & consequ5tly an increase ( temp]ature 9 ! body1 :ile a dim9ution 9 ! consumption ( oxyg5 w h an opposite effect4 ,if1 !n1 :5 ! temp]ature ( ! body is morbidly increas$1 we introduce into ! /oma* sub/ances conta9+ a l>ge proportion ( oxyg51 especially 9 a loose /ate ( comb9ation1 we may succe$ 9 r$uc+ ! g5]al temp]ature4 ,?is we accompli% 9 "p by a vegetable diet1 b /ill m effectually by ! free use ( ! ,acids4 ,! vegetable acids 9 p>ticul>1 :i* are f\nd by exp]i5ce to be ! be/ refrig]ants1 are readily act$ ^u by ! dige/ive p[]s1 & assimilat$ ) ! food2 & z ! l>ge quantity ( oxyg5 :i* !y conta9 is already 9 a concrete /ate1 little s5sible heat c be produc$ by ! comb9ation ( t elem5t ) ! o!r pr9ciples ( ! food4 ,! nutriti\s matt] :i* is receiv$ into ! blood1 conta9+ ?us a l>g] proportion ( oxyg5 ?an usual1 w be dispos$ to ab/ract less ( x f ! air 9 ! lungs1 & consequ5tly less caloric w be evolv$2 ! temp]ature ( ! body w be r$uc$2 & ?is1 aga9 op]at+ z a r$uction ( /imulus1 w less5 ! numb] & =ce ( ! contractions ( ! he>t4 ,su* is ! philosophical web :i* *emical +5uity has wove = u1--! device is beautiful1 b ! fabric w be f\nd too frail to endure ! t\*4 ,! exp]im5ts ( ,dr4 ,craw=d1 9 pro( ( ! *emical orig9 ( animal heat1 are highly +5i\s & plausible1 b x is n[ g5]ally admitt$ t ! temp]ature ( animals dep5ds ^u ! liv+ pr9ciple#ahj :i* animates !m1 & t al?\gh ! absorption ( oxyg51 9 ! act ( respiration1 may directly contribute some?+ to its production1 yet t its *ief action is t ( s]v+ z a /imulus to ! liv+ p[] 9 g5]at+ x2 =1 z ,sir ,gilb]t ,blane#aha rem>ks1 oxyg5 plays an int]e/+ & active "p z an excit+ p[] ?r\gh\t all nature1 bo? animate & inanimate4 ,if ! heat ( ! body dep5d$ on respiration alone1 any "o might1 by a volunt>y ef=t ( quick1 deep1 & prolong$ respiration1 increase ! temp]ature ( 8 body at w2 ! effect also ( ! emotions ( ! m9d1 9 g5]at+ bo? heat & cold1 adds ,sir ,gilb]t1 is pro( suffici5t ( temp]ature dep5d+ on a vital1 & n on a *emical cause4 ,,antacids3 ,rem$ies :i* obviate acidity 9 ! /oma*1 by comb9+ ) ! acid1 & neutraliz+ x4 ,?is is ! mo/ decid$ in/ance ( *emical action :i* occurs 9 ! hi/ory ( m$ic9al op]ations4 ,we h an acid ^: pres5ce excites morbid symptoms 9 ! prim vi1 & ^! are imm$iately remov$ by ! adm9i/ration ( any "o ( ^? sub/ances :i* are capable ( =m+ a natural comp\nd ) ! acid 9 "q1 out ( ! body1 & ! same proportions are requir$ 9 bo? cases = saturation4 ,if a c>bonat$ alkali be employ$1 ! same dis5gagem5t ( c>bonic acid takes place 9 ! /oma* z w\ld occur 9 ! laboratory1 & a new comp\nd is produc$1 ^: op]ation v>ies accord+ to ! *emical nature ( ! sub/ance employ$2 ?us1 ! salt :i* magnesia =ms ) ! acid 9 ! /oma* proves slightly purgative1 :ile t :i* lime produces "u simil> circum/ances is di/+ui%$ by an opposite prop]ty4 ,,antili?ics ,,& ,,li?on?ryptics4 ,,antili?ics#ahb are rem$ies :i* h ! p[] ( prev5t+ ! =mation ( ^? me*anical deposites f ! ur9e1 :i* give orig9 to calcul\s concretions2 & may belong ei!r to ! class ( ,vital1 or ,*emical ,ag5ts4 ,,li?on?ryptics#ahc are ^? m$ic9es :i*1 by a *emical op]ation1 are capable ( dissolv+ calcul\s concretions4 ,x has be5 already %ewn1 :ile treat+ ! subject ( ,diuretics1 t c]ta9 sub/ances1 :5 int]nally adm9i/]$1 are capable ( pass+ ! b>ri]s ( dige/ion1 & ( ent]+ ! circulation2 & t1 moreov]1 ^! bodies may be aga9 sep>at$ by ! secretory vessels ( ! kidneys1 & be eject$ f ! body 9 ! ur9e4 ,x _c !re=e be cont5d$1 t ! ur9>y calculus is plac$ beyond ! sph]e ( direct m$ic9al influ5ce1 nor c any argum5t1 f\nd$ ^u ! alleg$ incompatibility ( *emical & vital action1 be fairly ma9ta9$ 9 ?is case2 = ! ur9>y calculus1 z well z ! ur9e itself1#ahd may v ju/ly be consid]$ z extrane\s to ! liv+ body4 ,! exi/5ce ( su* a class ( rem$ies z t ( ,li?on?ryptics be+ ?us e/abli%$1 we h to consid] ! mode & possible ext5t ( _! op]ation 9 ! diff]5t v>ieties ( ! disease1 :i* !y are ?us calculat$ to palliate or cure4 ,9 ent]+ ^u ?is inquiry1 x is n my int5tion to prosecute ! subject f>!r ?an may be necess>y to expla9 ! modus op]&i ( ! rem$ies 9 "q1 & 9 con=mity ) ! object & plan ( ?is "w1 to e/abli% "s g5]al pr9ciples t are to direct u 9 _! election1 comb9ation1 & adm9i/ration2 = f>!r details ! practition] mu/ consult ! sy/ematic treatises ( ,pr\t#ahe & ,m>cet1#ahf & ! v able pap]s ( ,mr4 ,br&e1#ahg & ,dr4 ,wilson ,philip4#ahh ,! ur9e may be consid]$ z "o ( ! mo/ het]og5e\s ( ! animal fluids2#ahi & s9ce a k ( its composition1 & t ( ! morbid *anges ( :i* x is susceptible1 mu/ con/itute ! basis ( all our k respect+ ! =mation & cure ( calcul\s affections1 ! foll[+ results ( an elaborate analysis by ,b]zelius1 are submitt$ ) a view to elucidate our pa?ological rese>*es4 ,animal ,pr9ciples4,wat] #iccjj ,urea #cjaj ,li?ic ,acid #ajj ,pure ,lactic ,acid1 ,lactate ( ,ammonia1 & ,animal matt]s n sep>able f ^! #agad ,mucus ( ! ,bladd] #cb ,alkal9e & ,e>?y,sulphate ( ,potass ,salts4 #cga ,sulphate ( ,soda #caf ,phosphate ( ,soda #bid ,phosphate ( ,ammonia #afe ,muriate ( ,soda #dde ,muriate ( ,ammonia #aej ,e>?y ,phosphates ) a trace ( ,fluate ( ,lime #ajj ,silex #jc -------------- #ajjjjj -------------- ,besides ! above +r$i5ts1 :i* appe> to be ess5tial to heal?y ur9e1 ,dr4 ,pr\t obs]ves t 9 diff]5t diseases x may conta9 ,album51 ,fibr91 & ! r$ p>ticles ( ! blood2 ,nitric acid2 v>i\s acids1 :i* are f\nd to be modifications ( ! ,li?ic2 ,oxalic acid2 ,b5zoic acid2 ,c>bonic acid2#aij ,xan?ic ,oxide2 ,cy/ic ,oxide2 ,sug>2 ,bile2 & ,pus4 ,x w be necess>y 9 ?is place to make a few obs]vations ^u ! nature & habitudes ( ^? pr9ciples1 :i* are m imm$iately active 9 ! production ( calculi-- #a4 ,urea is a pr9ciple peculi> to ur9e1 & mu/ be reg>d$ z a result ( ! action ( ! kidneys ^u "s ( ! con/itu5ts ( ! blood1 p]haps1 z ,dr4 ,pr\t sugge/s1 ^u its album9\s matt]4 ,= a long "t x 0 reg>d$ z ! peculi> pr9ciple ^u :i* ! col\r & o!r s5sible qualities ( ! ur9e dep5d$2 ,b]zelius h[ev] has correct$ ?is fallacy1 & consid]s t ! ,lactic acid1 & its accompany+ animal matt]s1 are ! bodies :i* imp>t to ?is fluid ! *>act]i/ic smell & col\r :i* di/+ui% x4#aia #b4 ,li?ic1 or ,uric#aib ,acid4 ,z ?is pr9ciple is n f\nd 9 ! blood1 b is con/antly pres5t 9 heal?y ur9e1 x foll[s t x mu/ be g5]at$ by ! action ( ! kidneys4 ,m4 ,maj5die#aic has lately endeav\r$ to prove t its secretion dep5ds ^u ! ,azote receiv$ 9 alim5t>y sub/ances1 & = ! foll[+ reasons1 viz4 #a4 ,azote is a compon5t "p ( ,li?ic ,acid#aid--b4 ,^? p]sons :o use a l>ge portion ( animal food1 & f]m5t$ liquors1 are liable to calcul\s disord]s--#c4 ,:5 animals are conf9$ to food :i* conta9s no ,azote1 no ,li?ic acid is =m$--b ( ?is anon4--,b]zelius & o!r animal *emi/s h suppos$ t ?is acid exi/s 9 ur9e 9 a free /ate2 b ,dr4 ,pr\t1 ^: argum5ts appe> v satisfactory & decisive1 is ( op9ion t x is always 9 comb9ation ) ammonia 7,li?ate ( ,ammonia71 f :i* h[ev] x is v easily sep>at$ by ! addition ( any acid1 ev5 ! c>bonic1 9 ! =m ( a r$ p[d]4 ,x moreov] appe>s to be susceptible ( sev]al important modifications1 ) :i* x behoves ! pa?ologi/ to be acqua9t$2 ! pr(ession is greatly indebt$ to ! +5uity & indu/ry ( ,dr4 ,pr\t = "s v ess5tial additions to our k1 respect+ ! habitudes ( ,li?ic acid ) diff]5t bodies4 ,ery?ric ,acid4 ,:5 nitric acid dilut$ ) ab\t an equal bulk ( wat]1 is p\r$ ^u pure li?ic acid1 & a mod]ate heat is appli$1 an eff]vesc5ce takes place1 & ! li?ic acid is dissolv$2 if we !n conc5trate ?is solution by a g5tle evaporation1 we obta9 transp>5t col\rless cry/als1 :i* h be5 f\nd to con/itute a peculi> acid1 to :i* ,m4 ,brugnatelli has giv5 ! "n ( ,ery?ric acid4 ,purpuric ,acid4 ,dr4 ,pr\t has discov]$ t if into a /rong solution ( ! above cry/als 9 wat]1 :il/ boil+ hot1 we c>efully drop "s pure ammonia1 ! solution acquires a beautiful purple#aie col\r1 & cry/als ( purpurate ( ammonia spe$ily beg9 to =m & subside4 ,if ^! cry/als are treat$ by means ( potass & sulphuric acid1 pure ,purpuric acid is obta9$ 9 ! =m ( a yell[i%1 or cream-col\r$ p[d]4 #c4 ,! ,phosphates4 ,z ! ,phosphoric acid & its comp\nds p]=m an important "p 9 ! g5]ation ( calculi1 _! orig9#aif & hi/ory dem& p>ticul> att5tion f ! *emi/4 ,! ,phosphoric acid frequ5tly exi/s 9 ! ur9e 9 a free /ate1 :5 x w\ld appe> to act1 l any o!r acid1 z a precipitant ( ! ,li?ic acid2 ?is h[ev] is n ! circum/ance t r5d]s its pres5ce =midable2 x is to ! abundance ( its comp\nds t we are to look = mis*ief4 ,9 heal?y ur9e ! phosphoric acid appe>s to exi/ 9 union ) soda & ammonia1 & p>tly ) lime & magnesia2 ! latt] salts be+ reta9$ 9 solution by an excess ( acid2 b ! proportion ( ^! bodies is liable to consid]able v>iation4#aig ,hav+ ?us briefly notic$ ^? p>ticul> po9ts 9 ! *emi/ry ( ! subject ) :i* ! !rapeutic pr9ciples are m imm$iately connect$1 we %all be bett] prep>$ to exam9e & appreciate ! sev]al plans ( treatm5t :i* h be5 propos$ = ! prev5tion1 cure1 or palliation ( calcul\s disord]s2 & "h ! subject naturally divides itself into two p>ts2 ! "o compreh5d+ ! modus op]&i ( ,antili?ics1 or ^? rem$ies :i* prev5t or correct ! calcul\s dia!sis2 ! o!r1 expla9+ ! solv5t action ( ,li?on?ryptics ov] concretions already =m$4 ,! l9e ( dem>cation by :i* heal?y & morbid ur9e are sep>at$1 is s slight t x is difficult to def9e its limits2 nor w\ld ! circum/ance appe> to be mat]ially important1 = ! b\nd>y is daily exce$$1 n only ) impunity1 b ev5 )\t our consci\sness ( ! ev5t2 & ,dr4 ,pr\t has accord+ly d5om9at$ su* occasional deviations1 ! 8,s$im5ts ( ,heal?40 ,! same enlight5$ au?or consid]s t me*anical deposites f ! ur9e1 al?\gh compos$ ( ! same g5]al +r$i5ts1 may1 9 a pa?ological po9t ( view1 be conv5i5tly divid$ into ?ree classes1 viz4 ,pulv]ul5t or ,amorph\s ,s$im5ts2 #b4 ,cry/all9e ,s$im5ts1 usually d5om9at$ gravel2 & #c4 ,solid ,concretions1 or calculi =m$ by ! aggregation ( ^! latt] s$im5ts4 ,! fir/ ( ^! may be pass$ ov]1 z unconnect$ ) ! pres5t subject2 ! latt] h[ev] con/itutes an ess5tial object ( rese>*2 = a complete acqua9tance ) ! *emical hi/ory ( calculi c alone furni% ! true indications ( cure4 ,s*eele1#aih ) :om ! inquiry orig9at$1 conceiv$ t e calculus consi/$ ( a peculi> concrete acid1 soluble 9 alkal9e lixivia1 & :i* ,morveau d5om9at$ ! ,li?ic ,acid2 b ! subsequ5t rese>*es ( ,f\rcroy1 ,vauquel91 ,wolla/on1 ,pe>son1 ,h5ry1 ,br&e1 ,m>cet1 & ,pr\t1 h demon/rat$ ! exi/5ce ( sev]al bodies 9 ! composition ( ur9>y calculi1 viz4 ,li?ic ,acid2 ,phosphate ( ,lime2 ,ammoniaco-magnesian ,phosphate2 ,oxalate ( ,lime2 ,cy/ic ,oxide2#aii & ,xan?ic ,oxide2#bjj to :i* may be add$ an animal cem5t+ +r$i5t4 ,! v>ieties ( calculi produc$ by ! comb9ation or int]mixture ( ^! +r$i5ts1 are repres5t$ 9 ! foll[+ ,tabul> ,arrangem5t4 ,a ,,tabul> ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,diff]5t ,,species ,,( ,,ur9>y ,,calculi4 ,,species ,,( ,,ext]nal ,,*emical ,,rem>ks4 ,,calculi4 ,,*>act]s4 ,,composition4 #a4 ,,li?ic or ,=m1 a ,x consi/s ,x is ! ,,uric4 flatt5$ oval2 pr9cipally ( prevail+ ,specific ,li?ic ,acid2 species2 b gravity1 :5 treat$ ! surface g5]ally ) nitric sometimes exce$s #aejj2 acid1 a occurs f9ely ,col\r1 beautiful p9k tub]culat$4 br[ni% or sub/ance ,x frequ5tly fawn-l2 results4 ,?is con/itutes ! surface calculus is ,nuclei ( ! smoo?1 texture slightly o!r species4 lam9at$4 soluble 9 wat]1 abundantly 9 ! pure alkalies4 #b4 ,,mulb]ry4 ,col\r1 ,x is ,oxalate (,?is species d>k-br[n2 ,lime1 & is includes "s texture1 decompos$ 9 v>ieties :i* h>d] ?an ! flame ( a are rem>kably t ( ! _s lamp1 smoo? & pale o!r species2 swell+ out col\r$1 ,sp4 grav4 into a :ite resembl+ a f #adbh to effloresc5ce1 hemp se$4 #aigf4 :i* is ,surface1 ,quick-lime4 /udd$ ) tub]cles4 #c4 ,,bone ,,e>?4 ,col\r1 pale ,pr9cipally br[n or gray2 ,phosphate ( surface ,lime4 ,x is smoo? & soluble 9 poli%$2 muriatic acid4 /ructure1 regul>ly lam9at$2 ! lam9 easily sep>at+ into concrete cru/s4 #d4 ,,triple4 ,col\r1 ,x is an ,?is species g5]ally ,ammoniaco- atta9s a brilliant magnesian l>g] size :ite2 phosphate1 ?an any ( ! surface g5]ally mix$ o!rs4 unev51 /udd$ ) phosphate ) %9+ ( lime2 pure cry/als2 less alkalies compact ?an decompose x1 ! prec$+ extricat+ its species2 ammonia4 betwe5 its lam91 small cells occur1 fill$ ) sp>kl+ p>ticles4 #e4 ,,fusible4 ,col\r1 ,a comp\nd ( !,x is v greyi%-:ite4 two =ego+ fusible1 species4 melt+ into a vitre\s globule4 #f4 ,,cy/ic4 ,v l ! ,x consi/s ( ,x is a r>e ,triple ,cy/ic ,oxide2 species4 ,calculus1 b "u ! x is bl[-pipe x un/ratifi$ yields a & m peculi>ly compact1 & fetid od\r4 ,x homog5e\s4 is soluble 9 acids1 & 9 alkalies ev5 if !y are fully saturat$ ) c>bonic acid4 #g4 ,,alt]nat+4,its section ,comp\nd ( exhibits sev]al diff]5t species1 conc5tric alt]nat+ lam94 ) ea* o!r4 #h4 ,,comp\nd4 ,no *>act]i/ic,! +r$i5ts =m4 are sep>able only by *emical analysis4 ,let u n[ inquire into ! circum/ances "u :i* ! sev]al sub/ances enum]at$ 9 ! =ego+ table1 are f\nd to be deposit$2 & fir/ ( ! ,li?ic acid ,dia!sis4 ,x has be5 already /at$1 t ! li?ic acid exi/s 9 ! ur9e 9 comb9ation ) ammonia1 s z to be held 9 solution "u ord9>y circum/ances2 if h[ev] any free acid be g5]at$1 ! li?ic acid is imm$iately precipitat$1 giv+ rise to ! appe>ance s well kn[n "u ! "n ( r$ gravel2 f ?is view ( ! subject ! li?ic acid deposite mu/ be consid]$ z aris+1 n f ! excess ( t sub/ance 9 ! ur9e1 b f a decomposition ( ! comp\nds into :i* x ent]s by ! ag5cy ( a free acid4 ,m4 ,maj5die is !re=e incorrect 9 attribut+ its appe>ance to ! quantity ( azote 9 ! +e/a2 an op9ion :i* has be5 v ably controv]t$ by ,dr4 ,philip1 9 a pap] publi%$ 9 ! six? volume ( ! ,m$ical ,transactions4 ,x appe>s1 moreov]1 t :atev] t5ds to di/urb ! process ( dige/ion1 by fav\r+ ! production ( acid1 may be consid]$ z ! excit+ cause ( ! li?ic deposites2 especially :]e ! cutane\s functions are imp]fectly p]=m$2 = ,dr4 ,philip is ( op9ion1 t ! precipitat+ acid1 9 a heal?y /ate ( ! sy/em1 is ?r[n (f by ! sk92 & he supposes t ev5 :5 g5]at$ 9 excess1 x may be div]t$ to ! surface ( ! body by m]ely increas+ ! ins5sible p]spiration4 ,! m$ical treatm5t ( ! li?ic dia!sis is ?us r5d]$ simple & satisfactory2 & if ! op9ion ( ,dr4 ,pr\t be true1 t at lea/ two-?irds ( ! :ole numb] ( calculi orig9ate f li?ic acid1 ! extreme importance ( ! subject is too app>5t to require comm5t4 ,rem$ies1 m$ic9al & dietetic1 t are capable ( correct+ dyspeptic symptoms1 su* z slight bitt]s1#bja w d\btless prove valuable res\rces2 :ile all ^? ag5ts :i* h a t5d5cy to correct & regulate ! ins5sible p]spiration1 w necess>ily fall "u ! head ( anti-li?ic rem$ies4 ,mr4 ,copl& ,hut*ison1 9 a pap] :i* has be5 publi%$ 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,m$ico-,*irurgical ,society1 has %ewn a comp>ative r>ity ( calcul\s disord]s 9 ,briti% seam54 ,c ! quantity ( muriate ( soda tak5 ) _! food1 f its /imulat+ influ5ce ^u ! cutane\s functions1 be consid]$ z af=d+ a plausible explanation ( ?is fact8 ,! ,phosphatic ,dia!sis seems to be accompani$ ) consid]able d]angem5t ( ! *ylo-poietic visc]a1 & ,dr4 ,pr\t v ju/ly rem>ks1 :at ,i h frequ5tly obs]v$1 t ! /ools are extremely unnatural2 z ! phosphates are reta9$ 9 solution by an excess ( acid1 x w\ld appe> z if an alkal9e pr9ciple 0 occasionally develop$1 & x is n unreasonable to suppose t ?is may be sometimes d]iv$ f bili\s regurgitations2#bjb 9 "s cases1 ! alkali is d]iv$ f ! spontane\s decomposition ( ur9e itself1 especially :]e ! bladd] has lo/ its gov]n+ p[]1#bjc z f "s injury#bjd ( ! sp9e2 or f "s local affection ( ! bladd] or pro/ate gl&2 :]ev] ! ur9e und]goes an incipi5t process ( decomposition1 ammonia w be g5]at$1 & an ammoniaco-magnesian phosphate#bje be imm$iately precipitat$3 h5ce 9 cases :]e ! bladd] is unable to dis*>ge its cont5ts1 ?is deposite is v apt to take place1 z 9 diseases 9 ! pro/ate2 & ?is expla9s ! reason :y ! triple phosphates are s frequ5tly =m$ 9 eld]ly p1 :o _c :olly evacuate _! bladd]4 ,x w appe> evid5t f ^! cursory obs]vations1 t "s v>ieties ( ,calculi w be influ5c$ by acids1 & o!rs by alkalies1 & t ! exhibition ( su* rem$ies w be liable to palliate1 or to aggravate ! symptoms1 accord+ to ! "* & composition ( ! (f5d+ calculus1 & accord+ to ! prevail+ dia!sis ( ! pati5t2 z a g5]al rule to direct u 9 ! *emico-m$ical treatm5t ( ^! cases1 ,dr4 ,m>cet /ates1 t 8,:5ev] ! li?ic acid pr$om9ates1 ! alkalies#bjf are ! appropriate rem$ies1 b t :5 ! calc>e\s or magnesian salts prevail1 ! acids are to be resort$ to40 ,b if x be ask$ h[ we are to discov] ! nature ( ! calcul\s affection1 s z to direct ! suitable rem$y8 ! reply is obvi\s--by an exam9ation ( ! s$im5t deposit$ by ! rec5t ur9e1 or by an analysis ( ! small fragm5ts :i* are frequ5tly void$ ) x2 ! ,phosphates subside f ! ur9e z a :ite1 li?ic acid1 g5]ally1 z a r$ deposit2 & s9ce ! phosphates are held 9 solution 9 ! ur9e by an excess ( acid1 x is evid5t t :5ev] su* acidity is dim9i%$ by ! h& ( ,nature or art1 a :ite sabul\s deposit w ensue2 h5ce1 says ,mr4 ,br&e1 x occurs 9 ! ur9e ( p]sons :o dr9k soda wat]1 or take magnesia2 ! rem$y ( su* a deposit1 :5 x takes place habitually1 is a c\rse ( acidul\s m$ic9es2 on ! contr>y1 s9ce li?ic acid is precipitat$ by ! acids1 alkalies are naturally sugge/$ = ! prev5tion ( t deposit4 ,9 ! comp\nd calculi1 acids & alkalies may be equally injuri\s or b5eficial1 = s9ce ^! bodies are compos$ ( a v>iety ( +r$i5ts1 ! action ( any "o solv5t mu/ be p>tial1 & may conv]t ! smoo? calculus into a r\gh & highly irritat+ body1 or vice v]sa4 ,9 ! alt]nat+ calculi x may be judici\s to exhibit ^! rem$ies alt]nately1 z ! symptoms ( ! case & ! deposit ( ! ur9e may indicate4 ,aft] all1 h[ev]1 ! solv5t p[]s ( ,li?on?ryptic rem$ies mu/ be v limit$1 & 9 advanc$ cases we c nev] expect to procure m ?an palliation4 ,) respect to ! ag5cy ( ^! diff]5t rem$ies1 z ,antili?ics1 ,i w\ld obs]ve1 t :ile exp]i5ce be>s u out 9 confid+ 9 ! production ( c]ta9 *emical effects f _! use1 we mu/ n =get t mu* is to be effect$ by _! judici\s adm9i/ration z vital ag5ts3 & x w be h]eaft] my duty to po9t out ! _m advantages t may be obta9$1 by comb9+ 9 "o =mula1 m$ic9es :i* individually belong to ea* class4 ,indep5d5t ( any *emical effect1 alkal9e sub/ances are f\nd by daily exp]i5ce to allay ! morbid irritability ( ! ur9>y organs 9 a mann] n yet expla9$2 alkalies may also prove g5]ally s]viceable 9 ^! disord]s1 by act+ imm$iately ^u ! dige/ive organs1 = ! disposition ( =m+ calculi is always1 m or less1 accompani$ ) ! indications ( d]ang$ dige/ion2 & x is probable t ! fir/ l9k ( ! s]ies ( actions1 :i* cause ?is disposition1 has its orig9 9 ! /oma*4 ,! alkal9e c>bonates are f\nd to answ] z effectually z ! pure alkalies1 & !y h ! advantage ( be+ less liable to disagree ) ! /oma*4 ,mr4 ,hat*ett has propos$ ! c>bonate ( magnesia1 9 doses ( j to j1 z a valuable sub/itute = alkal9e rem$ies 9 cases ( li?ic calculi2 b z its insolubility mu/ r5d] its absorption equivocal1 ! b5eficial op]ation ( ! sub/ance mu/ pr9cipally dep5d ^u its neutraliz+ any excess ( acid 9 ! prim vi1 & 9 ?is way !re c be no d\bt ( its li?on?ryptic ag5cy2 8b10 says ,dr4 ,m>cet1 8su* is ! t5d5cy :i* ! public has to ov]-rate ! utility ( a new practice1 or to take a mi/ak5 view ( its prop] application1 t !re is e reason to believe t ! use ( magnesia has ( late ye>s become a frequ5t s\rce ( evil 9 calcul\s compla9ts40 ,lime-wat] has be5 also recomm5d$ = ! purpose ( fulfill+ ! same indications1 & z n be+ liable to produce t irritability ( /oma* :i* frequ5tly att5ds ! long cont9u$ use ( ! fix$ alkalies2 besides :i*1 "s *emi/s h ma9ta9$ t x ex]ts a peculi> solv5t p[] ov] ! cem5t+ animal matt] ( ! concretion1 & !reby de/roys its cohesion4#bjg ,:]e an acid is indicat$1 ! ,muriatic w 9 my judgm5t be f\nd z conv5i5t & effectual z any t c be adm9i/]$4 ,mr4 ,br&e proposes ,cream ( ,t>t> = ?is purpose2 ^u ?is po9t ,i diff] ) him1 = ?is salt1 to say ! lea/ ( x1 is que/ionable 9 its mode ( op]ation2 = al?\gh its fir/ impression ^u ! /oma* is t ( an acid1 ! subsequ5t processes ( dige/ion decompose x1 & elim9ate its base1 :i* be+ absorb$ acts ^u ! ur9>y organs z an alkali4 ,i h se5 a :ite sabul\s deposit1 consi/+ ( ! ,phosphates1 9 ! ur9e ( p]sons aft] ! con/ant use ( ,imp]ial z a bev]age1 :i* ,i am at a loss to expla9 ^u any o!r pr9ciple4 ,sir ,gilb]t ,blane has also v satisfactorily %ewn1 t a fix$ alkali produces ! same effect ^u ! ur9>y organs :e!r x be exhibit$ alone1 or 9 comb9ation ) citric acid2 9 ?is latt] case ! salt und\bt$ly und]goes a decomposition 9 transitu1 z ,i h m fully expla9$ "u ! consid]ation ( ,diuretics1 7page #id47 ,dur+ an alt]ative c\rse ( ,li?on?ryptic rem$ies x may be b5eficial to int]pose occasionally a purgative m$ic9e1 b we mu/ n comb9e x ) ! li?on?ryptic1 at lea/1 if we wi% ?is latt] m$ic9e to rea* ! ur9>y passages2 = x is a law :i* ,i h already attempt$ to e/abli% 7see page #id71 t ,ca?>sis susp5ds ! process ( alim5t>y absorption4 ,!re rema9s to be consid]$ ano!r mode ( apply+ a solv5t1 & :i* w\ld seem on ! fir/ view ( ! subject to be full ( promise1--t ( inject+ ! propos$ m5/ruum into ! bladd]4 ,un=tunately1 h[ev]1 ! irritable /ate ( ?is organ w g5]ally preclude ! possibility ( pres]v+ ! m5/ruum1 = a suffici5t l5g? ( "t1 9 contact ) ! calculus to accompli% any mat]ial solution2 nor am ,i aw>e t any case1 9 fav\r ( su* a practice1 /&s record$4 ,an +5i\s & novel application ( ! p[]s ( ,electro-*emi/ry has be5 lately#bjh propos$ by ,m ,m4 ,prevo/ & ,dumas1 z capable ( af=d+ means = ! solution ( ! calculus )9 ! bladd]2 ! sugge/ion is highly plausible1 & ought n to be ha/ily reject$ )\t trial4 ,c\ld ! functions ( ! "p be protect$ aga9/ ! influ5ce ( s p[]ful an ag5t1 x is evid5t t1 by a galvanic batt]y ( suffici5t int5sity1 a calculus compos$ ( alkal9e or e>?y salts might be transf]r$ f ! bladd] by ! simple introduction ( a d\ble s\nd1 communicat+ on "o h& ) ! calculus1 &1 on ! o!r1 ) two vessels fill$ ) wat]1 9 :i* are plung$ ! opposite poles ( a galvanic app>atus4#bji ,?is arrangem5t w\ld transf] ! acid con/itu5ts into ! vessel connect$ ) ! positive end1 & ! bases into t ( ! negative end4 ,s f>1 h[ev]1 z ! exp]im5ts h hi!rto be5 c>ri$1 ?is degree ( galvanic op]ation w\ld seem to excite too mu* irritation 9 ! bladd] to be admissible2 b x /ill (f]s a res\rce ( an app>5tly m practicable nature4 ,?is consi/s 9 giv+ to ! calculus a t5d5cy to crumble f ! slighte/ =ce2 su* a friability1 9 %ort1 z %all r5d] x easily brok5 into pieces suffici5tly small to be evacuat$ ?r\gh ! ure?ra1 especially by ! aid ( dilat+ t passage1 an op]ation ^u :i* mu* has lately be5 said & writt54 ,a fusible calculus f ! human subject 0 submitt$ to ! action ( a pile1 consi/+ ( #abj pairs ( plates1 = twelve h\rs 9 succession4 ,! plat9um wires1 con/itut+ ! poles1 7 plac$ 9 contact ) ! calculus1 ab\t six or eight l9es di/ant f ea* o!r1 & ! :ole plung$ 9 a vessel fill$ ) pure wat]4 ,dur+ ! galvanic action1 ! bases & phosphoric acid fir/ arriv$ at _! respective poles1 !n re-ent]$ into comb9ation1 :5 ! salt ?us re=m$ 0 precipitat$ 9 ! /ate ( p[d]4 ,! calculus weigh$ #ib gra9s be=e ! exp]im5t1 & 0 r$uc$ at its t]m9ation to #hj4 ,! process be+ cont9u$1 at ! end ( sixte5 h\rs x pres5t$ a mass ( su* friable texture z to be r$uc$ into small cry/all9e p>ticles by ! slighte/ pressure2 ! l>ge/ ( :i* did n exce$ ! size ( a l5til1 s t x might h easily pass$ ?r\gh ! ure?ra4 ,9 ord] to asc]ta9 h[ f> ?is decomposition c\ld be effect$ 9 ! liv+ body1 ! +5i\s exp]im5tali/s select$ a dog ( r l>ge size1 into ^: bladd] !y introduc$ a fusible calculus atta*$ to a s\nd1 & betwe5 two conductors ( plat9um2 ! bladd] 0 next di/5d$ by inject+ tepid wat]1 & ! app>atus subject$ to galvanic influ5ce4 ,aft] a little /ruggl+1 ! animal became calm1 & 0 subject$ to ! op]ation dur+ an h\r4 ,on remov+ ! s\nd1 ! calculus %ew$ unequivocal m>ks ( decomposition4 ,! same process 0 repeat$1 night & morn+1 dur+ six days1 :5 ! friability ( ! calculus r5d]$ x impossible to cont9ue ! exp]im5t4 ,x _h lo/ weight 9 ! same proportion z 9 ! prec$+ trial4 ,! bladd]1 :i* 0 aft]w>ds exam9$1 exhibit$ no appe>ance ( injury or disease4#baj ,! au?ors ass]t t ?is organ does n suff] any inconv5i5ce f ?is m mod]ate degree ( galvanic action1 & sugge/1 z a pro( ( ! mildness ( its influ5ce1 t we %\ld imm]se ! tongue 9 a vessel fill$ ) wat]1 9 :i* a calculus is und]go+ decomposition1 & x w be f\nd t ! tongue1 :i* is f> m s5sible ?an ! bladd]1 w sc>cely p]ceive ! galvanic action1 ev5 :5 decomposition is go+ on briskly4 ,! au?ors add1 t ?is process _c (f] any advantage = ! removal ( ^? calculi :i* consi/ :olly ( ,uric acid1 or :i* conta9 a l>ge proportion ( x4#baa ,,antidotes4 ,synon3 ,alexiph>mics4 ,alexit]ials4 ,c\nt]-poisons4 ,m$ic9es :i* are capable ( prev5t+ ! ill effects ( a poison2 or1 ( c\nt]act+ its fatal virul5ce4 ,!re is p]haps no subject ^u :i* ! cr$ulity ( mank9d has be5 s extravagantly ex]cis$ z on t ( ,,poisons2 nor is !re1 c]ta9ly1 any class ( rem$ies ^: hi/ory has suff]$ s _m vicissitudes f ! caprice ( hypo!sis1 z t ( ,,antidotes4#bab ,x is n my int5tion1 on ! pres5t occasion1#bac to enum]ate ! _m extraord9>y virtues#bad :i* cr$ulity has1 at diff]5t times1 assign$ to su* m$ic9es2 nor %all ,i consume ! "t ( ! read] by attempt+ to expose ! absurdity ( ^? fe>ful p[]s ) :i* ignorance1 t]ror1 & impo/ure1 h inve/$ c]ta9 poisons1--a subtlety s extreme z to defeat ! mo/ skilful caution1 & a virul5ce s manageable z to be capable ( ! mo/ accurate graduation2 s t :ile ! =m] attribute 0 believ$ to ensure _! deadly op]ation1 al?\gh ex]t$ ?r\gh ! mo/ secret & lea/ suspici\s m$ium1 z t ( gloves1#bae tap]s1 or lett]s1 ! latt] 0 said to enable ! accompli%$ assass9 to measure ! allott$ mom5ts ( 8 victim ) ! nice/ precision1 & to occasion 8 dea? at any p]iod t might be/ answ] ! objects ( ! assass9ation4#baf ,! ab&onm5t ( su* notions may be consid]$ z "o among ! _m advantages :i* h aris5 to m$ic9e1 f ! cultivation ( physiology4 ,)\t f>!r introduction1 ,i %all proce$ to ! ma9 object ( ?is "w1 & inquire h[ f> a *emical ag5t may be capable ( neutraliz+1 or ( decompos+1 a poison\s sub/ance 9 ! human body2 & endeav\r to asc]ta9 ! degree ( confid5ce to :i* x may 9 ea* p>ticul> case be entitl$2 equally important is x to le>n1 :e!r c]ta9 vital ag5ts may n be s]viceable 9 cases ( poison+1 ei!r by promot+ ! elim9ation ( ! poison1 or by produc+ a /ate ( ! sy/em be/ calculat$ to resi/ its delet]i\s op]ation4 ,x may be safely ass]t$ t we possess v few true antidotes2 = al?\gh sev]al ( ! m9]al poisons may be neutraliz$ or decompos$ by v>i\s reag5ts1 yet _! de/ructive action is g5]ally s rapid1 t ! mis*ief is effect$ be=e any *emical *anges c avail2 &1 9 o!r cases1 ! sub/ances result+ f ! *emical action1 are z poison\s z ! orig9al +r$i5ts1 z 9 ! case ( ! decomposition ( ,corrosive ,sublimate1 by ! alkalies & e>?s1 :5 ! precipitat$ oxide is z virul5t z ! orig9al salt2 :ile1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 ,i suspect t ! vital p[]s ( ! /oma* are 9 direct opposition to ^? *anges & decompositions :i* s readily1 & s uni=mly1 take place 9 our laboratories4 ,to vital ag5ts !n1 ! practition] mu/ pr9cipally look = succ\r2 b be=e we c e/abli% any g5]al rules = ! treatm5t ( poison+1 x is ess5tial to di/+ui% betwe5 ! diff]5t modes 9 :i* poison\s sub/ances produce _! effects1 or at lea/ to det]m9e ! p>ts ( ! liv+ sy/em ?r\gh :i* !y act2 = x w be f\nd1 t ea* poison has its own modus op]&i1 f :i* alone c be d]iv$ ! p>ticul> indications ( cure4 ,! hypo!ses devis$ by ! anci5t physicians1 to acc\nt = ! de/ructive p[]s ( ^! sub/ances1 7 pr9cipally d]iv$ f me*anical notions respect+ ! suppos$ =m ( _! p>ticles1 :i* !y imag9$ capable ( lac]at+ & disunit+ ! animal fibres by ! %>pness ( _! spicul2#bag x is h[ev]1 n[ satisfactorily e/abli%$ t ! action ( a poison 9 ! human /oma* is v r>ely1 if ev]1 me*anical2 sometimes *emical2 b = ! mo/ "p vital 9 its op]ation4 ,ea* ( ! ?ree k+doms ( ,nature furni%es a numb] ( poisons1 ! inve/igation ( ^: *emical prop]ties & physiological actions1 & t ( ! symptoms to :i* _! adm9i/ration gives rise1 ! lesions ( /ructure :i* !y occasion1 & ( ! m$ical treatm5t :i* !y require1 con/itutes an elaborate bran* ( sci5ce designat$ by ! t]m ,,toxicology1 & ( :i* ,i h m fully treat$ 9 my "w on ,m$ical ,jurisprud5ce4 ,poisons diff] mat]ially f ea* o!r1 n only ) respect to ! modes 9 :i* !y produce _! effects 9 relation to ! sev]al vital organs1 b ) respect to _! application2 "s ( ^?1 = in/ance1 :i*1 if introduc$ into a w\nd1 are spe$ily fatal1 may be tak5 into ! /oma* ) complete impunity1 z 9 ! in/ance ( ! v5om ( ! vip] & o!r snakes1 :i* appe>s to ex]t no influ5ce on ! /oma*2 o!rs1 on ! contr>y1 display _! delet]i\s action on ! /oma* alone1 su* z cau/ic acids1 & alkalies1 corrosive sublimate1 & "s *emical poisons2 :ile o!rs1 aga91 are equally de/ructive :e!r appli$ to ! inn] surface ( ! /oma*1 or to ! l[] inte/9es1 9 ! =m ( cly/]1 or ev5 to ! muc\s membrane ( ! m\? or nose2 to ! eye2 to ! vag9a & orifice ( ! ut]us1 or to an abrad$ portion ( ! sk94 ,!re is1 moreov]1 a class ( sub/ances :i* may be t]m$ ,a]ial poisons1 = !y may exi/ 9 ! /ate ( gas1 or be held dissolv$ 9 ! atmosph]e1 & be receiv$ by respiration1 or by ! muc\s membranes ( ! nose & ?roat2 ! saliva may also ?us become ! m$ium = transf]r+ v>i\s subtile poisons f ! atmosph]e to ! animal body2 ?is is well illu/rat$ by ! fact ( ! transf] ( metallic influ5ce1 z relat$ 9 ! case ( a g5tleman 9 p]fect heal? :o became salivat$ 9 consequ5ce ( sitt+ = "o h\r by ! side ( a p]son :o 0 9 a /ate ( m]curial ptyalism1 9 ord] to give him a lesson 9 botany4 ,x also des]ves notice1 t a poison acts ) diff]5t degrees ( =ce & cel]ity 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! same tissue2 its absorption1 = in/ance1 w\ld appe> to be en]getic 9 proportion to ! numb] ( ve9s1#bah al?\gh sev]al app>5t exceptions to ?is law might be adduc$1 & x is evid5t t ! ple?oric /ate ( ! "p ) respect to its blood-vessels has a consid]able %>e 9 modify+ ! effects2 ?is obs]vation1 h[ev]1 has no relation to ^? poisons :i* op]ate on ! sy/em ?r\gh ! sympa!tic communication ( ! n]ves2 ,mr4 ,brodie1 = in/ance1 f\nd t ! poison ( bitt] almonds act$ m spe$ily :5 appli$ to ! tongue ?an :5 inject$ into ! inte/9e1 ?\gh ! latt] pres5ts a mu* bett] absorb+ surface4 ,fod]1 9 ! f\r? volume ( 8 ,m$ic9e ,legale1 arranges poisons accord+ to _! action on ! liv+ sy/em1 & :i*1 ) a slight alt]ation 9 ! ord] ( ! classes1 has be5 adopt$ by ,orfila1 & mo/ o!r writ]s on ,toxicology4 ,poisons are ?us r$uc$ into six classes3 viz4 #a4 ,,corrosive or ,,es*>otic1 z ! ,prep>ations ( ,m]cury1 ,ars5ic1 ,antimony1 ,copp]1 ,t91 ,z9c1 ,silv]1 ,gold1 & ,bismu?2 ! conc5trat$ ,acids1 & cau/ic ,alkalies1 & ,e>?s2 ,can?>ides2 glass & enamel p[d]2 diamond du/4#bai #b4 ,,a/r+5t ,,poisons1 ( :i* ! prep>ations ( ,lead con/itute ! only species4 #c4 ,,acrid or ,,rubefaci5t ,,poisons1 :i*1 ) a few exceptions1 are furni%$ by ! vegetable k+dom1 z c]ta9 dra/ic purgatives1 ,hellebore1 ,euphorbium1 c4 #d4 ,,n>cotic ,,poisons1 ,opium1 ,h5bane1 ! ,*]ry-laurel1 ,/ramonium1 c4 #e4 ,,n>cotico-,,acrid1 embrac+ su* articles z produce ! unit$ effects ( ! two =m]1 & :i* con/itute "s ( ! mo/ deadly poisons1 z ! ,ticunas1 ,nux-vomica1 ,belladonna1 ,tobacco1 ,hemlock1 ,digitalis1 c4 #f4 ,,septic ,,poisons1 contagi\s miasmata1 putrid exhalations f animal matt]1 ,sulphurett$ ,hydrog51 ! v5om ( ! vip]1 c4 ,! value ( ?is classification has be5 v ju/ly /at$ to consi/ 9 its comb9+ to a c]ta9 degree1 ! advantages ( a pa?ological arrangem5t ) ^? ( "o f\nd$ on ! basis ( ,natural ,hi/ory2 =1 :ile x is /rictly pa?ological1 x at ! same "t di/ributes ! diff]5t poisons1 ) "s few & unimportant exceptions1 9 an ord] correspond+ ) t ( _! natural hi/ory4 ,! ,fir/ two classes1 = in/ance1 pres5t u ) sub/ances ( a m9]al orig92 ! ,?ird & ,f\r?1 ) ^? :i* are *iefly ( a vegetable nature2 & ! ,six?1 ) objects pr9cipally belong+ to ! animal k+dom4 ,! importance ( ackn[l$g+ a division1 :i* has a ref]5ce to ! organic & inorganic k+doms ( ,nature1 is consid]able 9 a *emical po9t ( view2 = 9 enum]at+ ! v>i\s exp]im5ts to be in/itut$ = ! detection ( poisons1 we are ?us enabl$ to br+ toge!r a connect$ s]ies ( processes1 ne>ly alli$ to1 intimately connect$ )1 & 9 "s respects mutually dep5d5t ^u1 ea* o!r4 ,at ! same "t x mu/ be ackn[l$g$1 t ?is classification has _m defects & "s fallacies4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x has little or no ref]5ce to ! enl>g$ views ( ! mod]n physiologi/1 respect+ ! 8modus op]&i0 ( ,poisons2 nor inde$ is its con/ruction susceptible ( su* modifications & improvem5ts1 z c ev] r5d] its degree ( p]fection progressive ) ! advancem5t ( sci5ce4 ,9 ! next place1 ! classes are 9 _m p>ticul>s ill def9$1 & indi/9ctly1 if n errone\sly1 divid$4 ,h[ que/ionable1 = in/ance1 are ! b\nd>ies :i* sep>ate ,corrosive f ,acrid poisons8 ! respective species1 ev51 ( ea* class are1 9 _m cases1 less alli$ to ea* o!r1 ?an are ! great divisions to :i* !y are subord9ate4 ,z an exemplification ( ?is fact we h only to comp>e ! physiological actions ( ,ars5ic & ,corrosive ,sublimate1 bo? ( :i* are arrang$ "u ! class ( ,corrosive ,poisons4 ,! =m] ( ^! sub/ances und\bt$ly occasions dea? by be+ absorb$1 & ?us act+ z a vital ag5t2 ! latt]1 by its local action1 z a cau/ic on ! textures ) :i* x imm$iately comes into contact4 ,9 ! same mann]1 if we exam9e ! individual actions ( ! diff]5t species compos+ ! class ( 8,acrid ,poisons10 we %all discov] ! same want ( uni=mity2 ?us1 ! ,spurge ,flax1 & ! ,iatropa ,curcas1 act by occasion+ a local inflammation1 :ile ! ,hellebore1 be+ rapidly absorb$1 ex]ts a fatal action on ! n]v\s sy/em1 & produces only a v slight inflammation4 ,! class ( ,n>cotic ,poisons is c]ta9ly m absolute 9 its def9ition1 & m uni=m 9 its physiological aff9ities1 & !re=e less objectionable ?an ! divisions to :i* we h j allud$2 b ! propriety ( ! class 8,n>cotico-,acrid0 is by no means equally unexceptionable2 inde$ ,orfila himself que/ions x1 8because ! n>cotic or s$ative effects only foll[ ! previ\s excitem5t40 ,"s ( ! poisons ( ?is division also are rapidly absorb$1 & act1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! circulation1 on ! n]v\s sy/em1 )\t produc+ any local inflammation2 :ile o!rs1 on ! contr>y1 m]ely act ^u ! extremities ( ! n]ves1 ) :i* !y come 9 contact1 &1 )\t be+ absorb$1 occasion dea? by a species ( sympa!tic action4 ,^! few objections1 & _m m might be urg$1 are suffici5t to demon/rate ! imp]fection ( ! classification "u consid]ation1 & :i* mu/ r5d] x :olly unavailable to ! physician 9 ! treatm5t ( cases ( poison+1 :o mu/ d]ive 8 plan ( cure f ! physiological action ( ! sub/ance aga9/ :i* he has to cont5d2 ?us1 = in/ance1 ,ars5ic & ,corrosive ,sublimate are bo? corrosive poisons1 b s mat]ially d !y diff] f ea* o!r 9 _! physiological actions t1 :5 swall[$1 !y w require = ! pres]vation ( ! individual1 a v diff]5t sy/em ( treatm5t4 ,= su* reasons ,i h v5tur$ to propose a new arrangem5t ( ,poisons1 :i* may furni% ! practition] ) a g5]al !orem = ! adm9i/ration ( ,antidotes4 ,a ,,synoptical ,,table ,,( ,,poisons1 ,,newly ,,arrang$ ,,accord+ ,,to ,,! ,,diff]5t ,,prim>y ,,op]ations1 ,,by ,,:i* ,,!y ,,produce ,,_! ,,effects1 ,) a view to furni% a ,g5]al ,!orem = ! adm9i/ration ( ,antidotes4 ,,class ,i4 ,,poisons ,,:i* ,,act ,,prim>ily1 ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,m$ium ,,( ,,! ,,n]ves1 ,,)\t ,,be+ ,,absorb$2 ,,or ,,excit+ ,,local ,,inflammation4 ,ord] #a4 ,by :i* ! functions ( ! ,n]v\s ,sy/em are susp5d$1 or de/roy$4 7,dea? by ,suffocation f p>alysis ( ! ,respiratory muscles47 ,alcohol4 ,aconite4 ,oil ( ,tobacco4 ,ess5tial ,oil ( ,almonds4#bbj ,camphor4#bbj ,opium8#bbj ,salts ( ,lead8 ,croton ,tiglium4#bba ,ord] #b4 ,by :i* ! he>t is r5d]$ ins5sible to ! ,/imulus ( ! ,blood4 7,dea? by ,syncope47 ,infusion ( ,tobacco4 ,upas ,anti>4 ,,class ,,ii4 ,,poisons ,,:i*1 ,,by ,,ent]+ ,,! ,,circulation1 ,,act ,,?r\gh ,,t ,,m$ium1 ,,) ,,diff]5t ,,degrees ,,( ,,en]gy1 ,,on ,,! ,,he>t1 ,,bra91 ,,& ,,alim5t>y ,,canal4 7,dea? 9 _m =ms47 ,ars5ic4 ,emetic ,t>t>4 ,muriate ( ,b>yta4 ,hellebore4 ,sav9e4 ,mead[ ,saffron4 ,squill4 ,opium8#bba ,lettuce4 ,h5bane4 ,prussic ,acid4 ,deadly ,night%ade4#bba ,hemlock4 ,camphor4#bba ,coculus ,indicus4 ,,class ,,iii4 ,,poisons ,,:i*1 ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,m$ium ,,( ,,! ,,circulation1 ,,exp5d ,,_! ,,en]gies ,,^u ,,! ,,sp9al ,,m>r[1 ,,)\t ,,directly ,,involv+ ,,! ,,functions ,,( ,,! ,,bra94 7,dea? by ,tetanic ,convulsions47 ,nux ,vomica--& ! :ole tribe ( ,/ry*nus4 ,,class ,,iv4 ,,poisons ,,:i* ,,produce ,a ,,direct ,,local ,,action ,,on ,,! ,,muc\s ,,membrane ,,( ,,! ,,alim5t>y ,,canal4 7,dea? by ,gangr5e47 ,corrosive ,sublimate4#bbj ,v]digris4 ,muriate & ,oxide ( ,t94 ,sulphate ( ,z9c4 ,nitrate ( ,silv]4 ,conc5trat$ ,acids4 ,cau/ic ,alkalies4 ,can?>ides4 ,bryony4 ,elat]ium4 ,euphorbium4 ,colocyn?4 ,h$ge ,hyssop4 ,ranunculi4 ,nitre4 ,! ,fir/ ,class ( our arrangem5t compreh5ds su* poisons z op]ate1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! n]ves1 ^u ! organs imm$iately subs]vi5t to life2 9 _! application x is obvi\s t !y _c require to be introduc$ into ! /oma*2 !y may convey _! de/ructive influ5ce by an application to any "p duly suppli$ ) n]ves1 & ^: extremities are expos$ to _! action4 ,x _h be5 long admitt$ t a poison might occasion dea?1 by act+ on ! n]ves ( ! /oma* & inte/9es )\t be+ absorb$2 b to ! exp]im5tal lab\rs ( ,mr4 ,brodie#bbb we are pr9cipally indebt$ = our pres5t correct views ( ! subject4 ,! class admits ( two important divisions1 into "o compreh5d+ ^? poisons :i* de/roy ! functions ( ! bra91 & into ano!r1 includ+ ^? :i* direct _! influ5ce ^u ! he>t4 ,we %all (f] a few obs]vations ^u ! facts :i* h sugge/$ su* a division1 & ^u ! practical advantages :i* may att5d its adoption4 ,x 0 obs]v$ by ,bi*t1 & ! obs]vation has be5 fully confirm$ by ,brodie1 t ! influ5ce ( ! bra9 is n directly necess>y to ! action ( ! he>t2 & is imm$iately necess>y to life1 only because ! muscles ( respiration owe _! action to its influ5ce4#bbc ,= :5 ! functions ( ! bra9 are de/roy$1 ev5 :5 ! head is remov$1 ! he>t cont9ues to contract = "s "t aft]w>ds1 & !n ceases only 9 consequ5ce ( ! susp5sion ( respiration1 :i* is "u ! direct influ5ce ( ! bra94 ,assum+ ?is z a fact1 x w appe> evid5t t c]ta9 poisons may1 by affect+ ! bra91 s p>alyse ! muscles ( respiration z to occasion dea? by suffocation1 & by su* a mode ( op]ation ,i imag9e t ^? sub/ances1 arrang$ 9 ! =m] division ( my fir/ class1 prove mortal4 ,mr4 ,brodie accord+ly f\nd t1 by ! adm9i/ration ( a l>ge dose ( alcohol to a rabbit1 ! pupils ( its eyes became dilat$1 ! extremities convuls$1 & ! respiration labori\s1 & t ?is latt] function 0 gradually p]=m$ at long] & long] int]vals1 & t x at l5g? entirely ceas$4 ,two m9utes aft] ! app>5t dea? ( ! animal1 he op5$ ! ?orax1 & f\nd ! he>t act+ ) mod]ate =ce & frequ5cy1 circulat+ d>k col\r$ blood2 he !n introduc$ a tube into ! tra*ea1 & produc$ artificial respiration by inflat+ ! lungs1 & he f\nd t by ^! means ! action ( ! he>t might be kept up to ! natural /&>d1 z 9 an animal f :om ! head is remov$4 ,! same ph5om5a result$ f ! injection ( two drops ( ! ,ess5tial ,oil ( ,bitt] ,almonds1 diffus$ 9 half an ounce ( wat]1 into ! rectum ( a cat2 & f ! application ( ! empyreumatic oil ( ,tobacco to ! tongue1 & rectum ( cats & dogs4 ,n[ x is obvi\s t ! functions ( ! bra9 are imm$iately disord]$ by ! influ5ce ( ^! poisons on ! tongue1 /oma*1 & l[] b[els ( animals1 s in/antane\sly1 t x is impossible absorption %\ld h already tak5 place4 ,al?\gh ! g5]al proposition seems to be e/abli%$1 t ! bra9 is n imm$iately necess>y to ! action ( ! he>t1 yet x mu/ n lead u to ! conclusion t ! he>t is !re=e incapable ( be+ affect$ by viol5t impressions on ! n]v\s sy/em2 ! fact is q o!rwise1 = al?\gh ! bra9 may be remov$1 & ! circulation be nev]!less ma9ta9$ by artificial respiration1 yet an injury ( ano!r k9d inflict$ on ! bra91 may be foll[$ by ^? imm$iately fatal consequ5ces :i* decapitation itself w\ld n produce2 ?us is a bl[ on ! head commonly foll[$ by syncope1 & !re are c]ta9 poisons t w\ld seem to act 9 ! same mann]1 su* is ! ,infusion ( ,tobacco1#bbd :i* susp5ds ! action ( ! he>t long be=e ! animal ceases to respire1 & kills by produc+ syncope1 al?\gh 9 ?is latt] case x has be5 que/ion$ :e!r ! sp9al m>r[ may n be prim>ily affect$1 :i* has be5 %ewn by rec5t exp]im5ts to h an intimate relation ) ! action ( ! he>t4 ,be ?is z x may1 x is suffici5tly obvi\s1 t ! second division ( ! fir/ class is sanction$ by !ory1 & confirm$ by exp]im5t4 ,we come n[ to speak ( ! ,second ,class1--( ^? ,poisons :i* ent] ! circulation1 & act ?r\gh t m$ium on ! he>t1 bra91 & alim5t>y canal4 ,^! organs1 h[ev]1 are affect$ 9 v diff]5t degrees by diff]5t poisons1 or ev5 by ! same poisons1 "u diff]5t circum/ances4 ,mr4 ,brodie has %ewn t vegetable poison1 al?\gh :5 introduc$ into ! alim5t>y canal affect life1 9 consequ5ce ( ! n]v\s sympa?y :i* subsi/s betwe5 ^! surfaces & ! common s5sorium1 yet1 t ! same poisons appli$ ext]nally to a w\nd1 produce _! effects exclusively ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! circulation1 be+ convey$ to ! bra9 only by mix+ ) ! blood 9 its vessels1 & n by be+ convey$ ?r\gh ! lymphatics1 = a ligature ^u ! great blood-vessels prev5ts _! produc+ delet]i\s effects2 :]eas a ligature ^u ! ?oracic duct1 or g5]al canal ?r\gh :i* all ! absorb5ts p\r _! cont5ts into ! blood1 does n 9 ! lea/ ret>d or prev5t ! op]ation ( ! poison4 ,!re are also sev]al ( ! m9]al poisons :i*1 :e!r introduc$ into ! /oma*1 or appli$ ext]nally to a w\nd1 poison ! animal 9 consequ5ce ( be+ c>ri$ into ! circulation4 ,x _h long be5 suppos$ t ,ars5ic occasion$ dea? by inflam+ ! /oma*2 b ,mr4 ,brodie has v satisfactorily %ewn t its influ5ce arises f its absorption1 & t x mu/ be reg>d$ r z a vital1 ?an z a *emical ag5t4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 he has f\nd ! inflammation ( ! /oma*1 9 sev]al cases1 s slight1 t on a sup]ficial exam9ation x might h be5 easily ov]look$2 &1 9 mo/ ( 8 exp]im5ts ) ,ars5ic1 dea? took place 9 too %ort a "t to be consid]$ z ! result ( inflammation2 & 9 ! next place1 9 :atev] mann] ! poison is appli$1 :e!r ext]nally to a w\nd1 or int]nally to ! membrane ( ! /oma*1 ! inflammation is conf9$ to ! /oma* & inte/9es2 &1 inde$1 x is commonly m viol5t1 & ev5 m imm$iate1 :5 appli$ to a w\nd1 ?an :5 int]nally adm9i/]$2 & x also prec$es any inflammation ( ! w\nd4 ,?is important fact 0 prov$ by an exp]im5t made by ,mr4 ,hunt] & ,sir ,ev]>d ,home1 & subsequ5tly by ! repeat$ inve/igations ( ,mr4 ,brodie4 ,x has be5 j /at$ t aft] a poison has f\nd its way into ! circulation1 x exp5ds its virul5ce ^u "s p>ticul> organs4 ,9 "s cases ?is is mu* m /rik+ ?an 9 o!rs4 ,! prep>ations ( ,b>yta1 & ( ,t>t>iz$ ,antimony1 attack ! he>t1 & occasion dea? by syncope4 ,ars5ic is less def9ite 9 its action1 x influ5ces bo? ! bra9 & ! he>t1 b ) diff]5t degrees ( =ce 9 diff]5t cases1 s t x is (t5 difficult to asc]ta9 :i* ( ^! organs is ! fir/ to fail 9 its functions4 ,hydro-cyanic ,acid is absorb$1 & de/roys life by its action ^u ! n]v\s sy/em1 ^: en]gies x w\ld seem to ext+ui% )\t any o/5sible injury to ! respiration & circulation2 = 9 all ^? animals :i* 7 kill$ by x 9 ! exp]im5ts ( ,orfila1 ,brodie1 & o!rs1 ! he>t 0 f\nd act+ regul>ly1 & circulat+ d>k-col\r$ blood2 & 9 "s cases1 ?is ph5om5on 0 visible = _m m9utes aft] ! animal 0 9 o!r respects app>5tly dead4 ,"s sub/ances w\ld seem to direct _! p[]s to v>i\s p>ts ( ! alim5t>y canal2 & ! appe>ance s produc$ might be mi/ak5 = ! effects ( ! local action ( ! poison1 _h !y n be5 cle>ly prov$ by exp]im5t to h aris5 f an application address$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! circulation2 ?us is inflammation ( ! prim vi induc$ by ! contact ( ,ars5ic ) an ext]nal surface ( ! body6 ,! ,?ird ,class ( my arrangem5t includes ^? poisons :i* ent] ! circulation1 &1 ?r\gh t m$ium1 exp5d _! influ5ce ^u ! sp9al m>r[1 )\t directly involv+ ! functions ( ! bra94 ,m4 ,maj5die1 9 ! ye> #ahji1 submitt$ to ! fir/ class ( ! ,fr5* ,in/itute a s]ies ( exp]im5ts :i* _h conduct$ him to ! extraord9>y result above /at$4 ,he f\nd t an entire class ( vegetables 7! bitt] ,/ry*nus7 possesses ?is s+ul> prop]ty4 ,! ,f\r? ,class compreh5ds all ^? sub/ances :i* de/roy life by a local action ^u ! alim5t>y canal1 n by any impression ^u _! n]ves1 b by simply induc+ a fatal lesion 9 ! membranes4 ,?r\gh "o or m ( ! above modes ( op]ation all poisons may be said to produce _! fatal effects4 ,9 "s cases a poison\s sub/ance w be f\nd to act 9 sev]al diff]5t ways2 ?us1 ! ,night%ade is evid5tly absorb$1 c>ri$ into ! circulation1 & is enabl$1 ?r\gh t m$ium to act ^u ! bra92 at ! same "t x ex]ts a local action ^u ! /oma*1 al?\gh less viol5t ?an t occasion$ by ! acrid poisons2 x moreov] w\ld appe>1 ^u "s occasions1 to act directly ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! n]ves1 l ^? sub/ances :i* h be5 receiv$ 9 our fir/ class1 or else1 h[ %all we expla9 ! fact ( ! pupil ( ! eye becom+ p]man5tly dilat$ by ! contact ( ! ,belladonna ) ! tunica conjunctiva8 ,x w\ld appe> !re=e t ?is plant unites )9 itself all ! ?ree great modes ( action1 ^u :i* ,i h j attempt$ to e/abli% a physiological arrangem5t ( ,poisons4 ,s aga91 ,corrosive ,sublimate1 al?\gh plac$ 9 ! f\r? division1 z be+ a sub/ance :i* de/roys by inflict+ local mis*ief1 is nev]!less capable ( be+ absorb$4 ,! emb>rassm5ts1 h[ev]1 :i* might be suppos$ to arise f ?is d\ble mode ( op]ation1 are ( b trifl+ importance4 ,x is to ! prim>y op]ation ( a poison to :i* we are to direct our att5tion1 ! subsequ5t effects are less important 9 z mu* z !y are m capable ( be+ controll$4 ,hav+ ?us (f]$ a summ>y ( our pres5t views respect+ ! physiological action ( ,poisons1 we are prep>$ to lay d[n a g5]al plan ( treatm5t1 :i*1 x w be se51 c only be successful :5 conduct$ on pr9ciples /rictly con=mable ) ! j notions :i* ! prec$+ exp]im5ts h s satisfactorily e/abli%$4 ,:]e a poison\s sub/ance has1 ei!r ?r\gh accid5t or design1 f\nd its way into ! alim5t>y canal1 ?ree important indications are1 if possible1 to be fulfill$2 & "u ^! heads ,i %all (f] su* obs]vations z may s]ve to in/ruct ! practition] 9 ! philosophy ( ! g5]al treatm5t1 res]v+ ! details to be obs]v$ 9 t ( ea* poison1 = m p>ticul> notice 9 a subsequ5t "p ( ! "w1 :]e ! hi/ory ( ^! sub/ances w be individually consid]$4 ,! indications to :i* ,i allude are ! foll[+1 viz4 #a4 ,! imm$iate ejectm5t ( ! poison f ! body1 by ! op]ation ( vomit+ & purg+4 ,:atev] may be ! nature ( ! poison1 we %\ld endeav\r ) all possible exp$ition1 to eject x f ! body2 & ^u ! promptness ) :i* ?is is effect$1 ! safety ( ! pati5t w g5]ally dep5d2 = ! dang]\s effects ( su* sub/ances advance 9 a v increas+ ratio1 ) ! "t !y rema9 9 contact ) a liv+ surface4 ,a "q may arise1 :e!r 9 "s cases x w\ld n be judici\s to attempt 9 ! fir/ in/ance ! neutralization or decomposition ( ! poison2 :]e a m9]al acid1 or a cau/ic alkali has be5 swall[$1 x w\ld und\bt$ly be "r to neutralize1 & dilute x1 z soon z possible1 & !n to excite vomit+1 :i* may be advantage\sly effect$ by ?ru/+ ! f+] d[n ! ?roat1 or by tickl+ ! int]nal fauces ) a fea!r3 :]e an emetic is at h&1 :atev] may be its nature1 x %\ld be promptly giv51 b if circum/ances w all[ u ! opportunity ( selection1 ,antimony1 ,ipecacuanha1 c4 %\ld be reject$1 & ,sulphate ( ,z9c1 or ,sulphate ( ,copp]1 = sev]al reasons1 be pref]r$2 9 ! fir/ place !y d n require mu* dilution#bbe = _! action1 a circum/ance ( no small importance 9 ! treatm5t ( poisons t act by be+ absorb$2 9 ! next place1 !y are extremely exp$iti\s1 a dose ( fifte5 or tw5ty gra9s produc+ almo/ in/antane\s vomit+1 )\t excit+ t previ\s /age ( nausea :i* s frequ5tly *>act]ises o!r emetics1 & :i* occasions a /ate ( ! vascul> sy/em highly fav\rable to ! function ( absorption1 7z ,i h s fully expla9$ at page #hf1 c47 ,! practice ( empty+ ! /oma* by means ( a syr+e1 z propos$ by ,bo]haave1 has lately be5 reviv$ ) all ! confid5ce ( a new inv5tion4 ,!re are cases ( n>cotic poison+ 9 :i* !re c be no d\bt x w\ld furni% ! practition] ) a valuable res\rce1 b ,i mu* fe> t x w be f\nd to be less successful ?an its m sangu9e advocates h anticipat$2 = :]e ! /oma* has s f> lo/ its p[] z to be ins5sible to ! /imulus ( a pot5t emetic1 ! *ances ( recov]y are small2 ! practice1 h[ev]1 9 su* cases ought nev] to be neglect$1 = x _c possibly d h>m1 & may p]haps be b5eficial4 ,aft] all has be5 eject$1 :i* ! op]ations ( art c effect1 we are to proce$1 )\t delay1 to ! fulfilm5t ( ! second indication2 viz4 #b4 ,! ,decomposition ( any rema9+ ,portion1 & ! adoption ( measures be/ calculat$ to obviate its absorption4 ,:]e ! sub/ance is 9 a solid =m1 & acts by absorption1 we %\ld be v cauti\s h[ we fav\r its solution2 :ile1 if x exi/s 9 a liquid /ate1 our object mu/ be to r5d] its active portion insoluble2 ?is problem involves a s]ies ( que/ions :i* are :olly *emical4 ,9 ord] to prev5t1 or ret>d1 ! absorption ( ! active matt]1 we mu/1 to a great degree1 dep5d ^u ! ag5cy ( vital adjuvants2 ?is latt] indication h[ev] does n apply to ,corrosive ,sublimate & o!r sub/ances :i* act ^u ! /oma* locally1 & are n absorb$2 copi\s dilution also1 9 su* cases1 w frequ5tly dis>m ! poison ( its virul5ce1#bbf b x %\ld be foll[$ z quickly z possible by vomit+4 ,9 cases :]e ! poison requires to be absorb$1 be=e x c display its en]gies1 x w\ld be g5]ally unsafe to adm9i/] any solv5t4 ,no?+ !re=e c be less true z an aphorism1 nor m dang]\s z a precept1 ?an ! unqualifi$ ass]tion ( ,bo]haave1 8,aqua omnia v55a en]vat1 qu cum aqua misc]i possunt40 7,prlect4 9 ,in/it3 ,t4 vi4 p4 #bhi47 ,alkal9e solutions & ,magnesia1 9 cases ( ! +e/ion ( ars5ic1 accel]ate its fatal effects1 by promot+ its solution1#bbg :]eas ,lime1 or its ,c>bonate1 has z an opposite t5d5cy1#bbh 9 consequ5ce ( ! insolubility ( ,ars5ite ( ,lime2 s aga91 ,orfila has %ewn t ! p]nici\s qualities ( ! ,muriate ( ,b>yta are c\nt]act$ by ! adm9i/ration ( any soluble ,sulphate1 :i* r5d]s ! =m] sub/ance insoluble4 ,9 cases :]e ,v]degris has be5 swall[$1 ! adm9i/ration ( v9eg> greatly increases its virul5ce1 z ,m4 ,dr\>d has asc]ta9$1 by conv]t+ ! sub/ance into a soluble acetate ( copp]4 ,?is view ( ! subject w expla9 :y ! pure e>? ,b>yta is s sl[1 & comp>atively in]t1 9 its effects ^u ! sy/em1 :ile its muriate is di/+ui%$ by ! extreme rapidity & virul5ce ) :i* x op]ates4 ,! propriety ( adm9i/]+ v9eg>1 lemonade1 & diff]5t acid potations1 9 ord] to c\nt]act ! baneful effects ( ,opium1 :i* has be5 s (t5 que/ion$1 w ?us also receive ample explanation2 x mu/ appe> t1 if any quantity ( ! sub/ance ( opium rema9 9 ! prim vi1 acid1 or mucilag9\s dr9ks w1 by fav\r+ its solution & absorption1 accel]ate its fatal effects2#bbi b %\ld x h be5 previ\sly eject$ f ! /oma*1 t !n ! anti-n>cotic influ5ce ( a vegetable acid#bcj may remove ! consecutive /upor & delirium1 & ?us realize ! expectations :i* ,virgil has s poetically rais$4 8,m$ia f]t tri/es succos t>dumque saporem ,felicis ,mali3 quo non prs5tius ullum 7,pocula si qu&o sv infec]e nov]c ,miscu]untque h]bas1 et non innoxia v]ba7 ,auxilium v5it1 ac membris agit atra v55a40 8,nor be ! ,citron1 ,m$ia's boa/ unsung1 ,?\gh h>% ! juice1 & l+'r+ on ! tongue4 ,:5 ! drug'd b[l mid wit*+ curses brew'd ,wa/es ! pale y\? by /ep-dame hate pursu'd1 ,its p[]ful aid unb9ds ! mutt]'d spell ,& frees ! victim f ! draught ( hell40 ,*>d91 9 8 travels ?r\gh ,p]sia1 in=ms u t :5 a ,p]sian f9ds himself 9 a di/ress$ situation1 he has rec\rse to a piece ( opium z l>ge z ! ?umb1 & t imm$iately aft]w>ds he dr9ks a glassful ( v9eg>2 by :i* he is ?r[n into a fit ( laught]1 t]m9at+ 9 convulsions & dea?4 ,) reg>d to ! use ( ,antidotes1 x has be5 already /at$ h[ little !y are to be dep5d$ ^u2 9 c]ta9 cases1 h[ev]1 we are b\nd to ackn[l$ge _! p[]1 b !y %\ld be v r>ely tru/$1 unless subsequ5t to1 or 9 conjunction )1 ! op]ation ( an emetic2 9 _m cases ! effects ( ?is latt] rem$y may be promot$ by ! +e/ion ( liquids hold+ ! p>ticul> antidote 9 solution1 a practice :i* (f]s ! d\ble advantage ( accel]at+ ! elim9ation ( ! poison1 & at ! same "t ( decompos+ any :i* may rema94 ,orfila has fully e/abli%$ ! fact ( ,album5 be+ a c\nt]-poison to ,corrosive ,sublimate2 vomit+ may !re=e be v judici\sly promot$ 9 cases ( su* poison+ by wat] hold+ ! :ite ( egg 9 solution2 ) equal effect1 :]e ,v]degris has be5 swall[$1 sug>$ wat] may be us$ z a dilu5t to enc\rage emesis2 & ,muriate ( ,soda 9 solution w be f\nd ! mo/ effici5t antidote to ,nitrate ( ,silv]2 & ,sulphate ( ,magnesia to ,acetate ( ,lead4 ,:]e an emetic salt1 l ,t>t>iz$ ,antimony1 has be5 tak51 copi\s dilution ) common wat] w 9 g5]al s provoke vomit+1 z to r5d] x its own antidote2 b x may be useful to rememb]1 t ! ,infusion ( ,galls1 & accord+ to ,b]?ollet1 ! ,decoctions ( ,b>k1 at ! temp]ature ( f #cj to #dj ,fah4 h ! p[] ( decompos+ x2 :ile ,orfila consid]s milk ! mo/ effici5t c\nt]-poison to ! ,sulphate ( ,z9c4 ,hav+ eject$ f ! /oma* all ! poison\s matt] we c by vomit+1 & attempt$ to decompose :at rema9s1 we are to pursue su* measures z may be calculat$ to prev5t ! absorption ( ! poison into ! circulation2 x has be5 already obs]v$ t on ?is acc\nt nauseat+ emetics %\ld be avoid$2 ! read] is n[ reque/$ to ref] to our expos ( ! celebrat$ doctr9e ( ,maj5die1 7page #hf1 note7 & he w see t ,v5esection proves "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful means ( excit+ ! function ( absorption2 h5ce 9 poison+ by ars5ic1 su* an exp$i5t %\ld nev] be recomm5d$1#bca :ile a p>ticle ( t sub/ance rema9s 9 ! body2 :]e ,corrosive ,sublimate has be5 swall[$1 ! same precaution is unnecess>y4 ,! la/ indication :i* rema9s to be fulfill$ is-- #c4 ,to anticipate ! occurr5ce ( ! ,consecutive ,phnom5a1 & to combat !m by appropriate treatm5t4 ,?is is to be conduct$ on ! g5]al pr9ciples ( ,!rapeutics2 ! treatm5t mu/ necess>ily v>y 9 ea* p>ticul> case4 ,:]e ! exhau/ion ( n]v\s en]gy is to be fe>$1 z aft] poison+ by ,prussic ,acid1 ammonia1 & o!r diffusible /imulants1 toge!r ) ext]nal w>m?1 w furni% ! be/ res\rce2 = ! same reason ,v5esection %\ld be p]=m$ ) great caution & judgm5t aft] a n>cotic poison4 ,:]e1 on ! o!r h&1 inflammatory action is to be anticipat$1 x is unnecess>y to detail ! plan ( treatm5t :i* may be adopt$ ) ! greate/ *ance ( success4 ,9 cases :]e ! n]v\s sy/em is /upifi$1 ! symptoms may be combat$ by vegetable acids1 infusion ( c(fee1 c4 b :]e x is 9 a /ate ( prt]natural excitem5t1 rec\rse mu/ be _h to opiates4 ,,es*>otics3#bcb ,sub/ances ^: application to ! animal solids1 erodes1 or decomposes !m4 ,! op]ation ( ^! bodies may1 9 g5]al1 be consid]$ *emical2 = hav+ de/roy$ ! life ( ! "p to :i* !y are appli$1 !y cause1 z if by a species ( result+ aff9ity1 ! elem5ts ( ! animal matt] to ent] into a new /ate ( comb9ation2 ?is is well exemplifi$ 9 ! action ( cau/ic potass1 :]e ! nasc5t elem5ts ?us dis5gag$ by ! decomposition ( ! animal sub/ance1 reunite 9 proportions to g5]ate an oily matt]1 :i* may be obs]v$ to =m a film ov] ! ulc]at$ surface1 :ile ! excess ( nitrog5 & hydrog5 con/itute ammonia1 :i* is dis5gag$ dur+ ! action ( ! cau/ic2 & may be r5d]$ s5sible by inv]t+ ov] ! surface1 a small j> moi/5$ ) muriatic acid1 :5 ! fumes ( ,muriate ( ,ammonia become visible4#bcc ,_! surgical value consi/s 9 _! p[] to remove excresc5cies1 to e/abli% an ulc]1 or to conv]t an ulc]at$ surface into a simple sore4 ,,iv4 ,,( ,,me*anical ,,rem$ies4 ,?is subdivision includes ^? classes ( rem$ies1 ^: op]ation dep5ds entirely ^u me*anical pr9ciples2 & we mu/ agree ) ,dr4 ,murray 9 consid]+ !m z ! lea/ important ( all ! articles :i* we h enum]at$1 & :i* _c !re=e con/itute objects ( elaborate inquiry4 ,,an!lm9tics3 ,rem$ies :i* expel worms#bcd f ! inte/9al canal4 ,x has be5 already /at$1 7page #ij7 t c]ta9 bodies h ! p[] ( increas+ ! p]i/altic motions ( ! inte/9al canal1 by op]at+ z me*anical /imulants ^u its fibres2 9 ?is mann] ! fil+s ( t9 & iron1 or ! irritat+ d[n :i* cov]s ! pods ( ! ,doli*os ,pruri5s1 are suppos$ to act 9 dislodg+ & evacuat+ ! worms f ! inte/9es4 ,b !re is a v>iety ( rem$ies employ$ z v]mifuges1 :i* mu/ owe _! effects to a v diff]5t mode ( op]ation2 ,bitt]s = in/ance appe> to prove an absolute poison#bce to ^! animals1 :ile !y1 at ! same "t1 give an increas$ tone to ! organs ( dige/ion2 f ^: debility ! g5]ation ( worms w\ld seem to arise4 ,o!r rem$ies1 aga91 obvi\sly dep5d ^u _! simple ca?>tic prop]ty1 = ! p[]s :i* !y possess 9 ! evacuation ( worms4 ,see ,t]eb9?9 ,oleum--,cambogia4 ,9 ! cure ( ,asc>ides ! local application ( ! rem$y becomes necess>y1 9 ! =m ( gly/]1 & :i* acts bo? me*anically 9 wa%+ out ! gut1 & m$ic9ally 9 prov+ obnoxi\s to ! animals4 ,accord+ to ! exp]i5ce ( "s ( our be/ practition]s1 a /rong decoction ( ! ,sem9a ,santonici proves mo/ efficaci\s ^u ^! occasions4 ,,demulc5ts3 ,m$ic9es :i* are capable ( %ield+ s5sible surfaces f ! action ( acrid matt]1 by involv+ x 9 a mild & viscid m$ium4 ,x _c be d5i$ t :]e ^! rem$ies admit ( direct application1 consid]able b5efit may arise2 9 ! progress ( a cat>rh1 we h all exp]i5c$ ! relief t may be occasion$ by lubricat+ ! fauces ) demulc5ts1 :i*1 by soo?+ ! top ( ! tra*ea1 quiets1 by a k9d ( contigu\s sympa?y1 ! :ole pulmon>y /ructure2 9 c]ta9 /ates ( inte/9al irritation1 ! same rem$ies h furni%$ consid]able b5efit1 & 9 oph?almia1 relief has be5 obta9$ by ! application ( a demulc5t to ! inflam$ conjunctiva1 by :i* x is def5d$ f ! irritation ( ! te>s2 see also ,=mula #fa2 b 9 p>ts beyond ! rea* ( ! fir/ passages1 & to :i* no fluid c arrive b ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! secretions1 x is v difficult to expla9 ! pr9ciple ^u :i* _! b5eficial op]ation c dep5d2 & x seems inde$ highly probable t !y act 9 su* cases z simple dilu5ts1 = ! process ( dige/ion mu/ necess>ily deprive !m ( _! *>act]i/ic viscidity4 ,! adm9i/ration ( demulc5t dr9ks 9 gonorrha is probably ( no f>!r s]vice 9 assuag+ ! ardor ur91 ?an an equival5t quantity ( pure wat]2 al?\gh ,dr4 ,murray obs]ves1 8x is suffici5tly c]ta91 t _m sub/ances1 :i* und]go ! process ( dige/ion1 are aft]w>ds sep>at$ 9 _! entire /ate f ! blood1 by p>ticul> secret+ organs2 & !re is1 cont9ues he1 no gl& :i* has ?is p[] m p>ticul>ly ?an ! kidneys2 sub/ances receiv$ into ! /oma* & dige/$1 aft]w>ds pass+ (f 9 ! ur9e ) all _! peculi> prop]ties40 ,?is is und\bt$ly v true1 b mucilag9\s sub/ances r>ely or nev] pass (f 9 ?is mann]2 if !y evade ! assimilative functions1 !y pass ?r\gh ! alim5t>y canal1 & are ?us elim9at$4 ,i c /ate1 z ! result ( exp]im5t1 t ! ur9e und]goes no *ange except 9 ! relative proportion ( its wat]1 by ! copi\s & repeat$ adm9i/ration ( mild mucilages4 ,dr4 ,saund]s has v ju/ly rem>k$ t ! long li/ ( ,ptisans1 ,decoctions1 c4 usually prescrib$ ^u ^! occasions1 g5]ally owe _! virtues to ! wat]y dilu5t itself4 ,! ph>maceutical applications ( ?is class ( m$ic9es con/itute1 p]haps1 n ! lea/ "p ( _! value1 by :i* we are enabl$ to introduce acrid sub/ances into ! /oma* ) safety & effect2 b su* s]vices w m prop]ly fall "u our notice 9 a future "p ( ! "w4 ,,dilu5ts3 ,wat]y liquors1 :i* increase ! fluidity ( ! blood1 & r5d] sev]al ( ! secret$ & excret$ fluids less viscid4 ,!re are c]ta9ly few rem$ies ^: op]ation is m simple1 obvi\s1 or important2 & yet !re are sc>cely any ^: value has be5 m mi/ak51 or ^: application has be5 s frequ5tly p]v]t$ ?r\gh ! sugge/ions ( false !ory2 wat] is ! univ]sal bev]age ( animals1 & ! necessity ( its supply is indicat$ by ?ir/1 a s5sation :i* 9 excess1 is borne ) less tranquillity ev5 ?an t ( hung]2 9 c]ta9 morbid /ates ( ! body its pres5ce is to be reg>d$ z indicat+ ! necessity ( copi\s potation2 & yet h[ (t5 has ! prejudic$ physician1 "u su* circum/ances1 aggravat$ ! pressure ( disease1 by add+ ! suff]+s ( ,tantalus4 ,9 febrile affections1 ! irritation ( ?ir/ t5ds to keep up ! disease1 & h5ce dilu5ts1 besides ! o!r b5eficial effects :i* !y may produce1 mu/ be reg>d$ z important rem$ies4 ,!re are also diseases ( ! alim5t>y canal :i* may be remov$ by ! same ag5ts2 :5 wat] is convey$ into ! inte/9es x w h a t5d5cy1 by mix+ )1 & dilut+ ! bili>y secretion1 to dim9i% its acrimony1 & ?us to obviate a s\rce ( morbid irritation2 ! dilution ( ! *yme & *yle may also h a salut>y t5d5cy1 & fav\r ! absorption ( ! f9] & m nutritive p>ts ( ! lacteals2 & by increas+ ! fluidity ( ! mass1 exp$ite ! num]\s comb9ations :i* x is de/9$ to und]go4 ,! blood itself is also ?us modifi$ 9 its fluidity2 al?\gh x has be5 v truly obs]v$ t 9 heal?y bodies1 or su* z are )\t any ob/ruction ( ! excretions1 an unusual di/5sion ( ! vessels _c be produc$1 or at lea/ long subsi/2 = x is evid5t t su* an increas$ quantity ( wat] 9 ! blood w imm$iately pass (f by "o or o!r ( ! excretions2 ?is effect1 h[ev]1 9 itself1 r5d]s ! op]ation ( dilu5ts ( signal s]vice 9 ! treatm5t ( ! disease2 9 consequ5ce1 = in/ance1 ( _! disposition to pass (f by ur9e1 !y furni% valuable res\rces 9 diseases ( ! ur9>y organs1 allay+ ! pa9 ( /rangury1 & ! irritation f an inflam$ bladd]4 ,f ^! obs]vations1 ! practition] w be l$ to appreciate ! value ( dilu5ts2 & _m ( ! b5eficial effects :i* are daily exp]i5c$ f ! copi\s potation ( m9]al wat]s1 are1 )\t d\bt1 to be :olly attribut$ to simple dilution4 ,see ,aqua4 ,x is "h necess>y to say a few words ^u ! misapplication ( ?is ord] ( rem$ies4 ,dr4 ,davy f\nd by exp]im5t t :5 an animal is bl$ to dea?1 ! la/ portions ( blood t fl[ are ( a mu* l[] specific gravity ?an t :i* fl[s fir/1 9 consequ5ce ( ! =m] conta9+ m wat]1 :i* x may be inf]r$ 0 d]iv$ by ! increas$ activity ( ! absorb5ts1 ex]t$ *iefly on muc\s & s]\s membranes4 ,s9ce !n v5esection promotes & accel]ates absorption1#bcf x is cle> t1 9 inflammatory diseases1 :]e we h rec\rse to blood-lett+1 9 ord] to dim9i% ! volume ( circulat+ fluids1 we ought n to suff] ! pati5t to indulge 9 an unre/ra9$ use ( liquids1 :i* he eag]ly dem&s to satisfy a ?ir/ :i*1 9 all probability1 is ! natural consequ5ce ( increas$ absorption4 ,9 su* cases1 x is (t5 bett] to take liquids 9 small divid$ doses1 :i* w h ! effect ( mod]at+ ! ?ir/1 )\t ov]load+ ! art]ial sy/em1 & br++ on t t5sion & pl5itude :i* are liable to be produc$ by swall[+ too l>ge a proportion ( liquids4 ,9 ! use ( wat] ^u su* occasions1 x may moreov] be obs]v$1 t its temp]ature ought to be att5d$ to2 z a g5]al rule x may be laid d[n1 t 9 ! cold /age x %\ld be hot1 9 ! hot1 cold1 & 9 ! sweat+1 tepid4 ,) reg>d to ! value ( dilu5ts1 z capable ( promot+ ! op]ation ( o!r rem$ies1 _m obs]vations ( great practical importance might be adduc$2 b ?is subject w be m prop]ly elucidat$ :5 we come to consid] ! influ5ce ( solubility 9 modify+ ! activity ( m$ic9al sub/ances1 & :i* con/itutes a v curi\s & int]e/+ object ( *emico-m$ical enquiry4 ,:ile speak+ ( ,dilu5ts x may be cursorily notic$1 t wat] appe>s1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances ( ! body1 to suff] decomposition1 & to h its elem5ts appropriat$ to new comb9ations4 ,c\nt ,rum=d has endeav\r$ to prove1 t ! surpris+ly small quantity ( solid food :i* is suffici5t = n\ri%m5t1 :5 conv]t$ into ri* & palatable s\p1 is ow+ to ! cul9>y process hav+ prep>$ ! wat] = *emical decomposition1#bcg & t ?is is ultimately effect$ dur+ ! act ( ,dige/ion4#bch ,x _c be d5i$ t ! exorbitant potation ( wat] has a t5d5cy to produce fat1 b ?is may dep5d ^u ! vascul> di/5tion :i* is ?us occasion$4 ,g9 dr9k]s1 be=e !y become mat]ially injur$ by ! habit1 gr[ extremely corpul5t1 z may (t5 be witness$ 9 un=tunate cyprians ( ! l[] ord]s4 ,c ! hydrog5 ( ! _s contribute to ?is effect8 ,,emolli5ts3 ,sub/ances ^: application dim9i%es ! =ce ( cohesion 9 ! p>ticles ( ! solid matt] ( ! human body1 & !reby r5d]s !m m lax & flexible4 ,accord+ to ?is def9ition1 :i* we d]ive f ,dr4 ,cull51 ! prim>y op]ation ( emolli5ts w\ld appe> to be purely me*anical1 = !y are ins9uat$ into ! matt] ( ! solid fibre1 & ei!r dim9i% its d5sity1 or less5 ! friction betwe5 its p>ticles2 ?is explanation w und\bt$ly apply to ^? emolli5ts :i* consi/ ( unctu\s bodies1 & :i* are introduc$ into ! animal fibre by friction2 b x is evid5t t ! b5eficial effects ( ,cataplasms & ,fom5tations _c be s expla9$2 = 9 ^! in/ances1 none ( ! mat]ials c be absorb$ ?r\gh ! entire cuticle2 & yet ! relaxation & consequ5t ease :i* su* w>m applications produce on inflam$ surfaces is v consid]able1 b x mu/ be :olly attribut$ to ! relax+ effects ( w>m? & moi/ure ^u ! extreme vessels ( ! surface1 propagat$ by contigu\s sympa?y to ! deep] seat$ organs4 ,! op]ation ( ^? sub/ances :i* af=d relief to excoriat$ surfaces by _! bl& qualities1 z mucilag9\s lotions 9 erysipelat\s affections1 is too obvi\s to require explanation4 ,hav+ ?us inve/igat$ ! mann] 9 :i* m$ic9al sub/ances produce _! effects ^u ! liv+ sy/em1 we %all be bett] prep>$ to appreciate ! advantages :i* are to be d]iv$ f _! comb9ation ) ea* o!r1 & to escape ! too common error ( unit+ 9 "o =mula1 rem$ies :i* are r5d]$ adv]se by ! incompatibility ( _! physiological actions4 ,,on ,,! ,,!ory ,,& ,,art ,,( ,,prescrib+4 8,to "k 8,t :i* be=e u lies 9 daily life1 8,is ! prime wisdom40 ,,milton4 ,,on ,,! ,,!ory ,,& ,,art ,,( ,,prescrib+4 ,,( ,,m$ic9al ,,comb9ation4 8,v>iorum mixtura novas spe vires g5]et1 9 simplicibus nequaquam rep]iundas longe salub]rimas40 ,,gaubius4 ,x is a tru? univ]sally admitt$1 t ! arm ( physic has d]iv$ mu* additional p[] & increas$ en]gy1 f ! res\rces :i* are furni%$ by ! mixture & comb9ation ( m$ic9al bodies4 ,i by no means int5d to ins9uate t ! physician _c frequ5tly fulfil 8 mo/ important indications by ! adm9i/ration ( "o simple rem$y2 ,i only cont5d t1 9 _m cases1 by its sci5tific comb9ation ) o!r m$ic9es1 x w n only act ) great] c]ta9ty & less inconv5i5ce1 b t its sph]e ( influ5ce may be ?us m widely ext5d$1 & its p[]s s modifi$ or *ang$1 z to give rise to a rem$y ( new p[]s4 ,su* a !ory is amply ju/ifi$ by ! /ate ( comb9ation 9 :i* c]ta9 m$ic9al pr9ciples are f\nd 9 our m effici5t vegetable rem$ies1 :ile ! m$ic9al practice f\nd$ ^u x is ?us1 z x 71 sanction$ by ,nature's own prescriptions2 ent] b h] laboratory1 & y w soon be satisfi$1 t _m ( h] pot5t rem$ies d n owe _! valuable p[]s to any "o specific +r$i5t1 b to ! comb9$ or modifi$ en]gies ( v>i\s1 & sometimes opposite pr9ciples4 ,?is view ( ! subject op5s an int]e/+ & unexplor$ field#bci ( m$ical & *emical rese>*1 & ,i %all endeav\r to avail myself ( ! novelties its inve/igation may pres5t1 & ( ! h9ts x may sugge/ = ! improvem5t ( extemporane\s comb9ation4 ,by contemplat+ ! laws by :i* ,nature effects h] wise purposes1 we may le>n to emulate h] processes1 & ev5 9 "s cases to correct & assi/ h] op]ations3#bdj su* at lea/ has be5 ! happy result ( our lab\rs 9 ! o!r dep>tm5ts ( natural k4 ,x is said = in/ance t by obs]v+ ! means us$ by nature = prev5t+ ! diffusion ( light 9 ! eye-ball1 ,eul] d]iv$ an important h9t = ! improvem5t ( 8 telescope2 & m lately1 ! /ructure ( ! cry/all9e hum\r ( ! eye has be5 successfully imitat$ 9 ! inv5tion ( a*romatic l5ses4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is h>dly necess>y to obs]ve to :at ext5t ^! in/rum5ts ( art are capable ( improv+ & multiply+ ! p[]s ( t natural organ1 to ! contemplation ( ^: /ructure & functions1 we are1 z ,i h j /at$1 s greatly indebt$ = _! orig9 & p]fection4 ,s %all ,i endeav\r to %ew1 9 ! progress ( ?is "w1 t ! comb9ations ( nature1 z exemplifi$ 9 h] m valuable rem$ies1 are capable1 if prop]ly /udi$1 ( sugge/+ _m important h9ts = improv+ ! arrangem5ts ( art2 :ile art 9 return may frequ5tly supply ! defects1 or ext5d ! advantages ( natural comp\nds4 ,,an ,,analysis ,,( ,,! ,,objects ,,to ,,be ,,obta9$ ,,by ,,mix+ ,,& ,,comb9+ ,,m$ic9al ,,sub/ances4 ,! objects to be atta9$1 & ! res\rces :i* are furni%$1 by ,,m$ic9al ,,comb9ation1 toge!r ) ! diff]5t modes ( its op]ation1 & ! laws by :i* x is gov]n$1 may ) mu* practical advantage be arrang$ 9 ! foll[+ ord]4 ,i4 ,,to ,,promote ,,! ,,action ,,( ,,! ,,basis1 ,,or ,,pr9cipal ,,m$ic9e4 ,a4--,by comb9+ toge!r sev]al diff]5t ,=ms1 or ,prep>ations1 ( ! same sub/ance4 ,! utility ( su* a comb9ation is obvi\s1 :5ev] we desire ! full & g5]al effects ( all ! pr9ciples ( a m$ic9al body 9 solution2 ?us1 :]e ! ,b>k is requir$ 9 ! cure ( an int]mitt5t fev]1 & ! /oma* w n all[ ! exhibition ( ! p[d]1 x w be eligible to conjo9 9 "o =mula1 ! t9cture1 decoction1 & extract1 z exemplifi$ by ,=mul #db1 #abf1 #abg4 ,! necessity ( su* a comb9ation may be express$ by ! foll[+ canon4 ,:5ev] ! *emical nature ( ! m$ic9al sub/ance w n admit ( ! full solution ( all its active pr9ciples 9 any ,,"o ,solv5t1 & its exhibition 9 sub/ance is at ! same "t impracticable4 ,= f>!r illu/rations see ,=m4 #b1 #be1 #cc1 #ch1 #gj1 #aji4 ,practiton]s1 probably )\t hav+ reason$ ^u ! !ory1 h v g5]ally adopt$ ! practice1 ( comb9+ ! diff]5t solutions ( ! same sub/ance2 = 9 ! prescriptions ( practical physicians we commonly f9d1 t ! decoction or infusion ( a vegetable rem$y is quick5$ by a c]ta9 portion ( a correspond+ t9cture4 ,b4--,by comb9+ ! ,basis ) ,sub/ances :i* are ( ! ,,same ,,nature1 t is1 :i* are ,,individually capable ( produc+ ! same effect1 b ) less en]gy ?an :5 9 comb9ation ) ea* o!r4 ,dr4 ,,=dyce fir/ e/abli%$ ! exi/5ce ( ! s+ul> & important law1 t a comb9ation ( simil>#bda rem$ies w produce a m c]ta91 spe$y1 & consid]able effect ?an an equival5t dose ( any s+le "o2 a fact :i* does n appe> to h be5 kn[n to any anci5t physician4 ,! e>lie/ m5tion ( x t ,i c f9d is by ,,valisni]i1 ! fav\rite pupil ( ,malpighi1 :o fill$ ! m$ical *air at ,padua 9 #agaa1 ne>ly n9ety ye>s be=e ,=dyce publi%$ 8 valuable memoir on ! comb9ation ( m$ic9es1 b he does n attempt any g5]alization#bdb ( ! subject2 he m]ely /ates1 z ! result ( c>eful exp]im5ts1 t twelve dra*ms ( ,cassia ,pulp are ab\t equival5t 9 purgative /r5g? to f\r ounces ( ,manna2 & yet1 says he1 if we give eight dra*ms ( ,cassia ,pulp1 9 comb9ation ) f\r dra*ms ( ,manna1 we obta9 d\ble ! effect6 ,h[1 adds ! pr(essor1 c ?is possibly happ58 ,surely ! v contr>y ought to obta91 s9ce f\r dra*ms ( ,cassia are mu* m ?an equival5t to an equal weight ( ,manna2 ! /r5g? ( ! =m] be+ to t ( ! latt] z #h to #c4 ,! tru? ( ?is law ( m$ic9al comb9ation mu/ be cont9ually felt by ! practition] 9 ! ord9>y r\t9e ( 8 practice1 viz4 ,,n>cotics w bett] fulfil ! int5tion ( allay+ irritation & pa91 :5 compos$ ( sev]al ( su* m$ic9es 9 comb9ation1 ?an :5 !y consi/ ( any s+le "o1 ev5 %\ld ! dose1 9 ?is latt] case1 be increas$4 ,see ,=mul #c1 #d1 #e4 ,,antispasmodics acquire increas$ efficacy by ! application ( ! same pr9ciple4 ,=m4 #bj1 #ba1 #bb1 #bc1 #bd1 #be4 ,,bitt] ,,tonics are also ?us exalt$1 see ,=m4 #ci1 #dj1 #da4 ,! b5eficial effects1 h[ev]1 :i* arise f comb9ations ( ?is k9d w admit ( a satisfactory explanation ^u ano!r pr9ciple2 we may1 = in/ance1 consid] !m z m$ic9es1 diff]+ f ea* o!r 9 _! composition1 & produc+ by _! union an assemblage ( bitt]1 a/r+5t1 & aromatic pr9ciples4 ,,aromatic & ,,diffusible ,,/imulants4 ,!re are p]haps no rem$ies :i* receive great] mutual b5efit be int]mixture ) ea* o!r1 ?an ! individuals :i* compose ?is class2 = !y n only ?us acquire increas$ =ce & efficacy1 b at ! same "t !y lose mu* ( _! acrimony2 if1 = in/ance1 any "o spice1 z ! dri$ capsule ( ! ,capsicum1 be tak5 into ! /oma*1 x w excite a s5se ( heat & pa92 9 l mann] w a quantity ( ,black ,pepp]2 b if an equival5t quantity ( ^! two /imulants be giv5 9 comb9ation ) ea* o!r1 no su* s5se ( pa9 is produc$1 b1 on ! contr>y1 a pleasant w>m? is exp]i5c$1 & a g5ial gl[ felt ov] ! :ole body2 & if a great] numb] ( spices be jo9$ toge!r1 ! *ance ( pa9 & inflammation be+ produc$ is /ill f>!r dim9i%$4 ,! tru? ( ?is law is also /rik+ly illu/rat$1 z ,dr4 ,=dyce has obs]v$1 by t univ]sal maxim 9 cook]y1 nev] to employ "o spice1 if m c be procur$2 ! object1 9 ?is case1 be+ to make ! /oma* be> a l>ge quantity ( food )\t nausea4#bdc ,?is same pr9ciple also f9ds an illu/ration ( its importance1 z x reg>ds ! class ( /imulants1 9 ! foll[+ prep>ations ( our ,ph>macopia1 viz4 8,pulvis ,c9namomi ,compositus2 ,infusum ,armoraci compositum2 ,infusum ,aurantii ,compositum2 ,spiritus ,lav5dul compositus2 ,t9ctura ,c9*on composita2 ,t9ctura ,val]iana ,ammoniata2 & ! ,confectio ,opii1 ! elegant & sci5tific sub/itute = ! celebrat$ ,mi?ridate or ,!riaca4 ,! practition] is also ref]r$ to ,=m4 #de1 #dg1 & to ,allii ,radix40 ,! local action ( ^! /imulants w\ld appe> to be plac$ "u ! dom9ion ( ! same law1 & p]haps ! orig9 ( ! cu/om1 s long obs]v$1 ( mix+ toge!r ! v>ieties ( snuff1 may ?us receive a plausible & philosophical explanation2 c]ta9 x is t by su* comb9ation ! h>% pung5cy ( ea* +r$i5t w be dim9i%$1 :il/ ! g5]al pot5cy ( ! application1 9 excit+ ! n]ves1 w be increas$1 & r5d]$ m grateful2 ! same pr9ciple w direct ! =mation ( safe & effici5t plai/]s & lotions2 ! ,empla/rum ,cum9i ( ! ,london1 & ! ,empla/rum ,aromaticum ( ! ,dubl9 ,ph>macopia1 (f] examples ( its judici\s application4 ,,a/r+5ts4 ,= illu/rations see ,=m4 #ea1 #eh4 ,,emetics are c]ta9ly m effici5t :5 compos$ ( ,ipecacuan unit$ ) ,t>t>iz$ ,antimony1 or ,sulphate ( ,z9c1 ?an :5 !y simply consi/ ( any "o ( su* sub/ances 9 an equival5t dose4 ,see ,=m4 #fc1 #fe4 ,,ca?>tics n only acquire a v great increase ( p[] by comb9ation ) ea* o!r1 b !y are at ! same "t r5d]$ less irritat+ 9 _! op]ation2 ! ,extractum ,colocyn?idis compositum af=ds an excell5t example ( a comp\nd purgative mass be+ mu* m active & manageable1 & less liable to irritate1 ?an any "o ( its compon5ts sep>ately tak54 ,additional examples ( ?is fact are furni%$ by ,=mul #gj1 #gf1 #gh1 #gi1 #ha1 #hh4 ,9 _m cases1 h[ev]1 ! fact ( purgatives ?us accel]at+ & correct+ ea* o!r's op]ation may be expla9$ by consid]+ !m z sub/ances end[$ ) diff]5t p[]s1 z already demon/rat$1 7p4 #hh71 & :i* w be m fully consid]$ 9 ! ?ird division ( ?is ,essay4 ,,diuretics4 ,"u ?is class ( m$ic9al ag5ts x may be obs]v$ t1 :5ev] a m$ic9e is liable to produce effects diff]5t f ^? we desire1 its comb9ation ) simil> rem$ies is p>ticul>ly eligible1 by :i* ! action ( ! basis may be direct$ & fix$2 ?us ! individuals :i* compose ! class ( ,diuretics are unc]ta9 9 _! op]ation1 & dispos$ :5 exhibit$ s+ly to produce diaphoretic1 & o!r contr>y effects2 x is1 !re=e1 9 su* cases1 highly judici\s to unite sev]al ( !m 9 "o ,=mula1 by :i* we increase _! p[]s1 & are m likely to ensure _! op]ation4 ,=mul #aja1 #ajc1 #ajh1 #aji1 #aaj1 #aaa1 #aae1 are con/ruct$ ^u ?is pr9ciple4 ,,diaphoretics4 ,our maxim1 8,,vis ,,unita ,,=tior10 c]ta9ly applies ) equal tru? to ?is class ( m$ic9al ag5ts4 ,=m4 #abb1 #abd4 ,,expectorants4 ,m is frequ5tly to be ga9$ by ! co-op]ation ( ^! rem$ies ?an c be obta9$ by ! exhibition ( !m sep>ately1 z 9 ,=m4 #acd1 #ace4 ,,demulc5ts d n appe> to obta9 any o!r b5efit f comb9ation ?an1 occasionally1 a conv5i5ce & efficacy ( application aris+ f a suitable degree ( consi/5ce & solubility4 ,see article 8,tro*isci40 ,! op]ation ( ! law :i* has ?us =m$ ! fir/ object ( ?is inquiry1 w be f\nd1 l e o!r1 to h a natural & well def9$ limit2 x is easy to p]ceive t by multiply+ ! numb] ( +r$i5ts too f>1 we %all ei!r s increase ! quantity & bulk ( ! m$ic9e z to r5d] x nause\s & cumb]some1 or s r$uce ! dose ( ea* con/itu5t z to fritt] away ! =ce & en]gy ( ! comb9ation4 ,! propriety ( comb9+ sev]al /imulants1 ( ! diffusible class1 9 "o =mula1 has be5 que/ion$ on diff]5t gr\nds4 ,dr4 ,*apman1 9 8 "w on ,!rapeutics1 adduces "s argum5ts on ?is po9t1 :i*1 al?\gh !y fail 9 e/abli%+ 8 g5]al position1 c]ta9ly sugge/ an important exception to ! practice 9 "q2 8by direct+10 says he1 8/imulat+ rem$ies1 sep>ately1 we %all economise our res\rces 9 _m l+]+ diseases40 ,! ju/ness ( ?is /atem5t mu/ be admitt$ to its fulle/ ext5t1 & practition]s w1 on c]ta9 occasions1 d well to act 9 con=mity ) ! views t sugge/$ x2 = in/ance1 9 ! feeble =ms ( protract$ fev]s1 :]e ! indications are to be met ) ! cont9u$ action ( /imulants1 x w c]ta9ly be salut>y to alt]nate ! use ( camphor1 ammonia1 & o!r rem$ies ( a simil> nature1 9 pref]5ce to pres5t+ !m all at once 9 comb9ation1 s t ! sy/em may n lose its susceptibility by ! cont9u$ impression ( ! same /imulant2 ! same motive %\ld induce u1 on p>ticul> occasions1 to employ 9 succession diff]5t n>cotics1 = ea* ( !m affects s5sibility 9 its own peculi> mann]4#bdd ,! n]v\s sy/em1 z ,ri*]& has v ju/ly obs]v$1 may be comp>$ to a soil1 ri* 9 diff]5t juices1 & :i* requires ! cultivator to plant ! g]ms ( a div]sifi$ vegetation to develope ! :ole ( its fecundity2 to insure a p]petual return1 !re=e1 x w be "r to s[ a succession ( diff]5t se$s4 ,h(fman also has (f]$ u "s advice ^u ?is subject2 he directs u 9 ! treatm5t ( *ronic diseases to susp5d ! adm9i/ration ( rem$ies1 at int]vals1 & aft]w>ds to resume !m1 le/ ! sy/em %\ld become habituat$1 & ultimately ins5sible to _! influ5ce4 ,b !re rema9s = our inve/igation a /ill m important precaution respect+ ?is law ( m$ic9al comb9ation2--t1 9 comb9+ sub/ances 9 ! mann]1 & = ! object j relat$1 ! practition] %\ld be well satisfi$ t _! m$ic9al virtues are 9 reality practically ,,simil>1 or he w fall into an error ( ! mo/ fatal t5d5cy2 x has be5 already %ewn1 & ,i hope ,i %all n be consid]$ t$i\s by aga9 direct+ ! read]'s att5tion to ! fact1 t m$ic9es are n necess>ily simil> because !y h be5 arrang$ 9 ! same artificial division ( rem$ies2 9 ord] to e/abli% a p]fect simil>ity _! op]ations mu/ be f\nd by exp]i5ce to cont9ue simil> "u e condition ( ! human body2 & t1 moreov]1 !y mu/ owe su* simil>ity to modes ( op]ation :i* are compatible ) ea* o!r1 & consonant ) ! g5]al mode ( cure2 we h only to ref] to ! hi/ory ( ,diuretics 7page #ib7 = a full illu/ration ( ?is important tru?2 ?us ,squill1 ,calomel1 & ,digitalis1 are ea* p[]ful ,diuretics1 b nev]!less !y _c be consid]$ simil> rem$ies1 s9ce ,digitalis w entirely fail 9 its effects 9 ! v cases t ,calomel & ,squill succe$2 & ,squill w prove in]t :5 ,digitalis is capable ( produc+ ! mo/ p[]ful influ5ce2 ?is arises f _! modes ( op]ation be+ dissimil>1 & consequ5tly requir+ = _! success su* diff]5t /ates ( ! liv+ sy/em4 ,squill1 x w be se51 acts prim>ily on ! ur9>y organs1 by /imulat+ ! secret+ vessels ( ! kidneys2 ,m]cury1 on ! contr>y1 acts prim>ily on ! absorb5ts1 & second>ily on ! kidneys2 :]eas ,digitalis produces its effects by dim9i%+ art]ial action1 & increas+ t ( absorption4 ,dr4 ,blackall1 9 8 8,obs]vations ^u ! ,cure ( ,dropsies10 has (f]$ "s rem>ks s valuable 9 !mselves1 & s illu/rative ( ?is important subject1 t ,i %all take leave to quote ! passage4 8,_m physicians10 he obs]ves1 8are fond ( comb9+ ,squill1 ,calomel1 & ,digitalis1 z a diuretic 9 dropsy2 a practice unsafe1 & n v decid$ly possess+ ! m]it ev5 ( be+ consi/5t4 ,digitalis greatly depresses ! action ( ! he>t & art]ies1 & controls ! circulation1 & x seems mo/ unreasonable to believe t its curative p[]s c be indep5d5t ( su* an effect2 on ! o!r h&1 ,m]cury1 if x does n pass (f quickly1 is always excit+ fev]1 & rais+ & h>d5+ ! pulse2 speak+ f exp]i5ce1 :]e ! ur9e is coaguable1 & ,digitalis agrees1 bo? ! o!rs are1 (t5 at lea/1 positively injuri\s4 ,on ! contr>y1 :]e ! ur9e is f\l1 & n coaguable1 & ,squills ) ,calomel r5d] s]vice1 ,i h on t v acc\nt1 made less trial ( ,digitalis1 & _c !re=e speak ( x f mu* exp]i5ce40 ,see ,=m4 #ajc1 & ! note !reon4 ,! individual m$ic9es :i* compose ! class ( ,,diaphoretics v>y no less 9 _! prim>y op]ations1 z ! synoptical arrangem5t at page #ii v fully exemplifies2 ?us1 9 ! cure ( int]mitt5t fev]s1 diaphoretics are useful bo? 9 ! p>oxysm1 & dur+ ! int]mission2 9 ! fir/ case !y %ort5 its duration2 9 ! second !y support ! tone ( ! extreme vessels1 & prev5t its recurr5ce2 b 9 ^! opposite /ates ( disease a v diff]5t k9d ( diaphoretic is requir$--to fulfil ! fir/ indication1 a cool+ & relax+ "o is necess>y2 to answ] ! second1 ! /imulat+ diaphoretic is exact$2 ! "o may be said to solicit1 ! o!r to extort1 p]spiration4 ,s aga9 ,,emm5agogues c only be consid]$ relative ag5ts1 s9ce ! suppression ( ! catam5ia may dep5d ^u1 or be connect$ )1 v diff]5t /ates ( ! sy/em2 9 "s cases ) a dim9i%$1 & 9 o!rs ) an increas$ /ate ( excitem5t2 = on _m occasions ! suppression ( ! m5ses is ! effect1 & n ! cause ( disease2 ,bo]haave has v ju/ly obs]v$1 t x is a mo/ dang]\s error to ascribe all ! diseases ( "y females to a ret5tion ( ! catam5ia1 :i* (t5 d n appe> because ! pati5ts are disord]$ f o!r causes4 ,if1 !re=e1 we 7 to attempt a comb9ation ( ! sev]al m$ic9es :i* h ga9$ reputation z ,emm5agogues1 x is v obvi\s1 t we %\ld br+ toge!r an assemblage ( adv]se & incompatible rem$ies2 nor w\ld ! physician be less inconsi/5t 7 he to comb9e ,,expectorants1 )\t a due reg>d to _! modes ( op]ation2 x is only necess>y to obs]ve _! classification1 z pres5t$ at page #ajb1 to become satisfi$ h[ greatly ! success ( su* rem$ies mu/ dep5d ^u _! sci5tific adaptation to ea* p>ticul> case4 ,! class ( ,,antispasmodics may likewise embrace rem$ies ( ! mo/ opposite t5d5cy1 = spasm may occur "u ! mo/ opposite circum/ances--9 an extreme condition ( weakness1 z 9 n]v\s affections1 & 9 an highly excit$ /ate1 z 9 *olic1 c42 x is h>dly necess>y1 !re=e1 to po9t out ! mis*ief t mu/ arise f ! =tuit\s & indiscrim9ate admixture ( ! individual sub/ances :i* are ?us unavoidably arrang$ 9 ! same artificial classification4 ,b>k & ,/eel are also too (t5 consid]$ z equival5t ,tonics2 9 ,dropsy1 says ,dr4 ,blackall1 x is f> o!rwise1 ! =m] be+ inf9itely to be pref]r$ aft] ! dropsy ( "y p]sons1 ( acute disease1 & ( s\nd /am9a2 ! latt] be+ suit$ to a vitiat$ r ?an to a feeble habit1 & indicat$ m by a pale sall[ complexion1 & a want ( r$ col\r 9 ! blood1 z %ewn by ! pal5ess ( ! lips1 ?an by any o!r signs4 ,ne$ we !n adduce f>!r illu/rations ( ! obvi\s b important fact1 t ! t]ms employ$ to d5ote ! diff]5t classes ( rem$ies are frequ5tly b relative ones1 expressive ( effects :i* are produc$ only 9 ref]5ce to a p>ticul> /ate ( ! liv+ body8 & z ?is necess>ily v>ies 9 diff]5t /ates ( heal? & disease1 x foll[s t m$ic9es are conv]tible ag5ts1 & t :5 we attempt to in/itute g5]al rules respect+ _! adm9i/ration1 )\t tak+ into consid]ation ! con/itution & circum/ances ( ! pati5t ^u :om !y are to op]ate1 we %all g5]ally be disappo9t$ 9 ! result4 ,we may say ( m$ic9es :at ,van ,swiet5 said ( diet1 8to ass]t t su*1 or su* a ?+ be :olesome1 )\t a k ( ! condition ( ! p]son = :om x is int5d$1 is l a sailor pron\nc+ ! w9d to be fair )\t kn[+ to :at port ! vessel is b\nd40 ,bo]haave 0 s fully impress$ ) ?is tru? t he exclaim$1 8nullum ego cognosco rem$ium1 nisi quod tempe/ivo usu fiat tale40 ,al?\gh m$ic9es :i* produce ! same ultimate effects by modes ( op]ation obvi\sly diff]5t1 _c be consid]$ ,,simil>1 9 ! s5se affix$ to ! t]m 9 ! pres5t section1 yet if ^! diff]5t modes ( op]ation be n physiologically incompatible ) ea* o!r1 ! union ( su* rem$ies may n only be admissible1 b ev5 useful2 & x w1 accord+ly1 con/itute an object ( inquiry 9 a succe$+ section4 7,,iii4 ,a47 ,c4--,by comb9+ ! ,basis ) ,sub/ances ( a ,,diff]5t ,,nature1 & :i* d n ex]t any ,*emical influ5ce ^u x1 b are f\nd1 by exp]i5ce1 to be capable ( r5d]+ ! ,/oma*1 or ,sy/em1 or any p>ticul> organ1 m susceptible ( its action4 ,?us x is t ! sy/em is r5d]$ m susceptible ( ! influ5ce ( ,m]cury1 by comb9+ x ) ,antimony & ,opium4#bde ,:]e ! /oma* is ins5sible to impressions1 ! exhibition ( ,opium previ\s to1 or 9 comb9ation )1 any active m$ic9e1 (t5 assi/s its op]ation2 ?is is rem>kably /rik+ 9 "s /ates ( mania1 :5 emetics w fail1 unless ! /oma* be previ\sly influ5c$ & prep>$ by a n>cotic2 inde$1 9 ord9>y cases ( inirritability ( /oma*1 ! addition ( a small quantity ( opium w (t5 r5d] an emetic active4#bdf ,s aga9 ! sy/em1 :5 x is 9 t p>ticul> condition :i* is indicat$ by a hot & dry sk91 is unsusceptible ( ! expectorant p[]s ( ,squill1 unless x be 9 union ) antimony or "s p[]ful diaphoretic1 7,=m4 #acd47 ,squill is by no means dispos$ to act ^u ! ur9>y organs1 :5 exhibit$ s+ly2 b calomel1 & "s o!r m]curial prep>ations1#bdg :5 9 conjunction ) x1 appe> to direct its influ5ce to ! kidneys1 & to r5d] ^! organs m susceptible ( its op]ation2 7#ajc1 #ajf47 ,^u ! same pr9ciple1 ,antimonial ,w9e quick5s ! op]ation ( sal9e ca?>tics 7#fi72 ,opium increases ! sudorific p[]s ( ,antimony 7#abd72 & ! purgative op]ation ( ,jalap is promot$ by ,ipecacuan 7#hd74 ,dr4 ,aik9 ass]ts t fifte5 gra9s ( ! =m] purgative :5 comb9$ ) two or ?ree gra9s ( ! latt] root1 w purge m ?an d\ble t quantity ( ,jalap :5 adm9i/]$ )\t su* an adjunct4 ,sir ,john ,pr+le speaks ( ! advantages :i* may be obta9$ by comb9+ an alkali ) a bitt] infusion1 by :i* ! diuretic effects ( ! =m] w be increas$1 :ile ! latt] is calculat$ to remove any ga/ric debility1 & to imp>t a g5]al tone to ! body3 !re is no d\bt b t ,bitt]s1 f _! invigorat+ influ5ce ^u ! prim vi1 7see page #gh7 increase ! effects ( rem$ies ^: op]ation is connect$ ) *anges 9 transitu1 or ) absorption1 z 9 ! exhibition ( c]ta9 diuretics2#bdh !y also frequ5tly r5d] ! /oma* & b[els m susceptible ( bodies t act by impression1 z purgatives1 emetics1 c4 ,we may discov] ! op]ation ( su* a pr9ciple 9 "s ( ! m active comp\nds pres5t$ to u by nature3 _m h]bs owe _! efficacy to a cause ( ?is k9d4 ,elat]ium1 z ,i h asc]ta9$ by exp]im5t1 conta9s a purgative elem5t1 sui g5]is1 7,elat97 & a bitt] pr9ciple1 :i* 9 itself is q in]t1 & yet its pres5ce 9 ! comp\nd r5d]s ! alim5t>y canal m susceptible ( ! impression ( ! active +r$i5t1 & !re=e increases its =ce4 ,see ,extract4 ,elat]ii4 ,! hi/ory ( ,s5na w af=d "s int]e/+ facts 9 f>!r elucidation ( ?is subject2 ! leaves ( ?is plant1 l ,elat]ium1 appe> to conta9 an active pr9ciple1 9 comb9ation ) a bitt]1 :i* latt] +r$i5t1 al?\gh de/itute ( purgative prop]ties1 consid]ably increases ^? ( ! =m]2 = if ?is be remov$1 z happ5s :5 ,s5na is transplant$ into ! s\? ( ,france1 ! purgative pr9ciple is weak5$1 b may be aga9 re/or$ by ! artificial addition ( "s bitt] extractive4 ,! fruit or pods ( ,s5na#bdi conta9 only ! purgative pr9ciple1 & are !re=e comp>atively feeble1 unless ! defect be comp5sat$ by art4 ,dr4 ,cull5 has obs]v$ t a mu* small] quantity ( ! leaves is requir$ = a dose if !y be infus$ 9 company ) "s bitt] plant2 & x has be5 f\nd t ! wat]y infusion ( ,rhub>b is r5d]$ m purgative by ! addition ( ,calumba4 ,! exp]im5ts ( ,segu9 h e/abli%$ beyond all d\bt t ! active pr9ciple ( vegetable a/r+5ts is a peculi> elem5t1 to :i* ! "n ( ,tann9 has be5 giv52 b ! efficacy ( ?is +r$i5t is und\bt$ly enhanc$ by ! pres5ce ( ! gallic acid ) :i* x is usually associat$1 al?\gh ?is acid1 :5 sep>at$ f ! native comb9ation1 is incapable ( produc+ ! lea/ a/r+5t effect2 t peculi> flav\r :i* we s commonly exp]i5ce 9 unripe fruits1 & :i* we designate by ! t]m ac]bness1 is ! result ( a comb9ation ( ! a/r+5t pr9ciple ) "s vegetable acid4 ,! relative sweetness ( sug>1 :5 9 diff]5t degrees ( purity1 dep5ds ^u ! op]ation ( ! same law ( comb9ation2 pure sug>1 z ,dr4 ,mac ,cullo* has v ju/ly obs]v$1 h[ev] p>adoxical x may appe>1 is n s sweet z t :i* is impure2 ! sweetness ( melasses1 comp>$ ) t ( ref9$ sug>1 is too well kn[n to require m ?an a b>e m5tion2 ! vegetable extractive matt] 9 ?is case1 increases ! effect ( ! sac*>9e pr9ciple ) :i* x is comb9$2 = ! same reason grapes1 diff]+ v mat]ially 9 _! proportion ( sac*>9e matt]1 may seem to ! ta/e equally sweet1 & su* 9 fact is ! case on comp>+ ! lusci\s grapes ( ,spa91 ) ! ,*asselas ( ,p>is2 & yet ! v9\s produce is entirely diff]5t1 ! result ( ! "o be+ a sweet & lusci\s w9e1 :ile t ( ! o!r is h>d & dry1 because1 9 tru?1 ^! grapes conta9 v diff]5t proportions ( sug>2 & h[ev] p[]fully ! extractive matt] may modify ! effects ( ?is pr9ciple ^u ! palate & organs ( ta/e1 x _c alt] ! quantity ( alcohol result+ f its f]m5tation4#bej ,cry/alliz$ sug> also appe>s less sweet to ! ta/e ?an loaf sug>1 b ?is may dep5d ^u ! diff]5t /ate ( aggregation1 &1 consequ5tly1 ! diff]5t degrees ( solubility possess$ by ! sug> 9 ^! two =ms4 ,9 "s cases1 ! addition ( c]ta9 bodies w induce ! absorb5ts to admit & c>ry into ! circulation rem$ies :i*1 9 a m simple /ate1 !y w\ld reject z injuri\s2 ?is position is support$ by ! fact ( m]cury be+ m readily absorb$ :5 9 comb9ation ) animal matt]1 see ,ung3 ,hydr>g3 & x is probable t iron1 9 ! =m ( a tanno-gallate1 w be m acceptable ?an :5 pres5t$ 9 a m purely m9]al /ate3 see ,f]ri ,sulphas4 ,does x n !re=e appe> f ! prec$+ rem>ks1 t c]ta9 elem5ts exi/ 9 ! composition ( vegetable rem$ies1 z furni%$ by nature1 :i*1 al?\gh individually in]t1 conf] additional /r5g? & impulse ^u ! pr9ciple ( activity ) :i* !y are associat$4#bea ,! solutions ( sal9e ca?>tics appe> likewise to ga9 an accession ( p[] & cel]ity ( op]ation by impregnation ) ,c>bonic acid gas1 dep5d+ probably ^u ! inte/9es ?us receiv+ a degree ( di/5tion fav\rable to ! action ( ! salt1 7#ai1 #bc47 ,c]ta9 x is t ! op]ation ( emetics1 z well z t ( gly/]s1 is mat]ially increas$ by ! /imulus ( di/5tion4 ,9 enum]at+ ! me?ods to be adopt$ = increas+ ! en]gies ( a rem$y1 by r5d]+ ! sy/em m susceptible ( its action1 x is "r to "k t1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 ,v5esection des]ves a di/+ui%$ rank among/ ! ,,adjuvantia4 ,! fact is /rik+ly discov]$ 9 ! exhibition ( ,m]curial#beb ,prep>ations1 & "s o!r alt]ative m$ic9es4 ,:e!r ! 8,vis ,cons]vatrix10 :i* ,nature1 :5 9 a /ate ( heal? & vig\r1 opposes to ! admission ( poison\s sub/ances into ! circulation1 be ov]come by blood-lett+1 is a "q :i* ,i %all leave o!rs to decide2 b ?us mu* reit]at$ practice has taught me1 t ! sy/em 9 a /rong & heal?y condition frequ5tly is ov]come ! mom5t ! /oma* becomes d]ang$1 ! circulation languid1 or ! g5]al tone ( ! sy/em impair$4 ,i h frequ5tly se5 ?is dur+ my ,hospital practice3 if a pati5t :o has be5 us+ m]curial friction1 or tak+ ! prep>ations ( t metal )\t effect1 be transf]r$ into a close & unheal?y w>d1 8 appetite soon fails1 ! tongue becomes furr$1 & ! sy/em in/antly yields to ! influ5ce ( ! rem$y4 ,nauseat+ doses ( antimony#bec frequ5tly repeat$1 or ! accid5tal sup]v5tion ( any disease ( debility1 w be att5d$ ) ! same ph5om5a4 ,my practice has also af=d$ me an opportunity ( appreciat+ ! debilitat+ effects ( despond5cy 9 a case ( ?is description2 a pati5t _h be5 tak+ m]curial m$ic9es1 & us+ frictions = a consid]able p]iod1 )\t any app>5t effect3 "u ^! circum/ances he 0 abruptly told t he w\ld fall a victim to 8 disease2 ! unhappy man exp]i5c$ an unusual %ock at ?is op9ion1 & 9 a few h\rs became viol5tly salivat$4#bed ,,v5esection1 moreov]1 increases ! effects ( ca?>tic m$ic9es4 ,i h (t5 notic$ ?is fact 9 cont5d+ ) a ple?oric dia!sis2 :5ev] ! ble$+ prec$$ ! purgative1 ! effects ( ! latt] h be5 uni=mly m spe$y & consid]able2 9 ob/9ate con/ipation ! same fact has be5 obs]v$1 & mild rem$ies h be5 kn[n to act m p[]fully1 :5 prec$$ by blood-lett+1 ?an pot5t ones h :5 exhibit$ antec$5t to x4 ,v5esection has c]ta9ly an extraord9>y p[] 9 awak5+ ! susceptibility ( ! prim vi to rem$ial impressions2 9 "s diseases1 z 9 ! ,cynan*e ,tra*ealis1 or ,cr\p1 s great is ! ins5sibility ( ! /oma*1 t ,emetics frequ5tly fail 9 _! effects2 & ,dr4 ,hamilton has giv5 z mu* z a hundr$ gra9s ( ,calomel 9 ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs3 9 su* cases previ\s v5esection af=ds mo/ extraord9>y assi/ance4 ,dr4 ,fo!rgill also rem>ks t emetics are m b5eficial aft] ble$+1 7,diss]t4 ,m$4 ,inaug4 de ,emet4 usu47 ,! effects ( ,b>k1 ,/eel1 & o!r tonics1 are c]ta9ly influ5c$ 9 ! same mann]2 :e!r 9 any case x may be prud5t or judici\s to h rec\rse to su* a practice1 is a "q n imm$iately connect$ ) ! pres5t inquiry4 ,limit$ mu/ h be5 ! exp]i5ce ( t practition] :o has n frequ5tly witness$ ! utility ( ,v5esection 9 produc+ a /ate ( sy/em fav\rable to ! op]ation ( v>i\s rem$ies4 ,9 acute diseases1 h[ frequ5tly does an opiate succe$ 9 allay+ irritation aft] copi\s ble$+1 :i* c\ld n be made to occasion any b5eficial influ5ce previ\s to t op]ation8 ,9 ,pneumonia ,i h repeat$ly se5 su* a plan ( treatm5t act l a *>m ^u ! pati5t4 ,,purgatives also awak5 ! susceptibility ( ! body to m]curial impressions1 & x is rem>k$ by ,dr4 ,*apman t ?is practice af=ds a res\rce :i* r>ely disappo9ts ! practition]4 ,?is class ( rem$ies moreov] seems capable ( exalt+ ! efficacy1 & inde$ ( accel]at+ ! b5efit to be d]iv$ f _m alt]atives1 :5 adm9i/]$ previ\s to ! exhibition ( ^! latt] sub/ances2 ! advantages ( a c\rse ( ,/eel m$ic9es are und\bt$ly increas$ by su* means4 ,! febrifug\s & antiseptic prop]ties ( dilut$ muriatic acid 7see ,=m4 #ade47 are inconsid]able1 unless its exhibition be accompani$ ) ca?>tics4 ,i beg to ref] ! practition] to "s cases publi%$ by me 9 ! ,m$ical & ,physical ,j\rnal = ,decemb]1 #ahji1 9 fur!r illu/ration ( ^! views4 ,exp]i5ce enables me also to /ate t ,diuretics are consid]ably assi/$ by simil> means1 hav+ _m in/ances 9 my case book ( ! failure ( ^! ag5ts be=e1 & _! successful op]ation aft]1 ! exhibition ( a ca?>tic4 ,dr4 ,d>w9 obs]ves t 8,absorptions are always increas$ by ,inanition10 & 9 support ( ?is position ref]s to ! frequ5t advantage d]iv$ f evacuations 9 ! cure ( ulc]s4 ,i h c]ta9ly se5 ob/9ate sores 9 ! leg cur$ by small & repeat$ ble$+s4 ,dr4 ,*apman arrives at ! same conclusion1 al?\gh by a diff]5t tra9 ( reason+2 he /ates t ! blood-vessels & absorb5ts#bee are to a c]ta9 ext5t 8antagonis+ p[]s30 in/ruct$ by ?is obvi\s fact1 we ought1 says he1 9 ! exhibition ( diuretics to regulate ! /ate ( ! sy/em by int]pos+ purgatives1 or ev5 v5esection1 z ! /ate ( ! circulation may indicate4 ,,emetics also1 9 c]ta9 conditions ( ! sy/em1 w\ld appe> to r5d] ! /oma* m s5sible to ! impression ( o!r rem$ies2 ,dr4 ,eb]le1 ( ,philadelphia1#bef has rem>k$ su* an effect ) respect to ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,p]uvian ,b>k4 ,,*ange ,,( ,,diet ,,& ,,( ,,habits may be also class$ among/ ! ,ajuvantia1 b ! "y practition] mu/ be w>n$ t he is n to ex]cise 8 ,caduceus z ,san*o's ,doctor did 8 w&4 ,i h se5 a "y disciple ( ,esculapius s vex 8 pati5t1 t 8 food became m nause\s to him ?an 8 m$ic9e1 & ,i v]ily believe 8 ,physician 0 m irksome ?an 8 disease4 ,x 0 well obs]v$ by ,dr4 ,p]cival t ! prejudices ( ! sick %\ld nev] be contemn$ ) wantonness1 or oppos$ ) h>%ness2 =1 sil5c$ by au?ority1 !y w op]ate secretly & =cibly on ! m9d1 creat+ fe>1 anxiety1 & wat*fulness4 ,& ) reg>d to diet x may be "h /at$1 t no function ( ! body is s mat]ially influ5c$ by m5tal impressions z t s]ies ( actions con/itut+ :at is t]m$ ,dige/ion--! unexpect$ communication ( any di/ress+ ev5t de/roys ! ke5e/ appetite1#beg & conv]ts ! s5sation ( hung] into "o ( disgu/ at ! b>e idea ( food3 a fact :i* did n escape ! p5etrat+ eye ( our immortal ,%akespe>e1 = he repres5ts ,h5ry dismiss+ ,wolsey f 8 gov]nm5t ) ^! words-- ---- ,read o'er ?is2 ,& aft]1 ?is3 & !n to breakfa/ ) :at appetite y h4 ,if feel+s ( disgu/ are excit$ by ! repa/1 ! /oma* w nev] act ) heal?y en]gy on ! +e/a2 & 9 cases ( extreme av]sion1 !y are ei!r return$1 or !y pass ?r\gh ! alim5t>y canal almo/ un*ang$3 on ! o!r h&1 ! gratification :i* att5ds a fav\rite meal is 9 itself a specific /imulus to ! organs ( dige/ion1 especially 9 weak & debilitat$ habits4 ,dr4 ,m]riman has lately communicat$ to me a case :i* af=ds a /rik+ illu/ration ( ! p[]ful influ5ce ( ! m9d ^u ^! organs3 a lady ( rank lab\r+ "u m5orrhagia1 suff]$ ) t irritable & unrel5t+ /ate ( /oma* :i* s commonly att5ds t disease1 & to su* a degree t e k9d ( alim5t & m$ic9e 0 alike reject$3 aft] ! total failure ( ! usual exp$i5ts to appease ! /oma* & procure relief1 %e appli$ to ,miss ,prescott1 & 0 magnetis$1 :5 %e imm$iately1 to ! a/oni%m5t ( all h] fri5ds1 ate a beef /eak1 & cont9u$ to repeat ! meal e day = six weeks1 )\t ! lea/ inconv5i5ce6 b ! disease itself1 not)/&+ ?is trea*]\s amne/y ( ! /oma*1 cont9u$ ) unabat$ viol5ce1 & %ortly aft]w>ds t]m9at$ h] life4 ,! diet ( a sick p]son ought nev] to comb9e too mu* nutrim5t 9 too small a space2#beh :5 s giv5 x w ev5 9 heal? be foll[$ by f]m5tation in/ead ( dige/ion2 & al?\gh we may admit ! exp$i5cy ( t dome/ic maxim1 8a little & (t510 yet ?is is to be receiv$ ) limitation2 no "o1 = in/ance1 :o possesses any philosophical k1 w adapt 8 practice to ! notions ( ,sir ,william ,temple1 :o ass]t$ t 8! /oma* ( a valetud9>ian 0 l a s*ool-boy1 always do+ mis*ief :5 unemploy$10 & t we %\ld !re=e n all[ x any int]val ( repose3 to ?is ,i answ]1 t ! conv]sion ( alim5t into blood is effect$ by a s]ies ( elaborate processes1 sev]al ( :i* are only p]fectly p]=m$ dur+ ! quiesc5ce ( ! re/3 x w\ld seem1 = in/ance1 t ! process ( *ylification is incompatible ) t by :i* ! fir/ *anges are produc$ 9 ! /oma*2 ?is is evid5t f ! well-kn[n fact1 t our appetite = food ceases :5 ! =m] process comm5ces1 al?\gh ! repa/ %\ld1 at ! "t1 h be5 insuffici5t to satisfy ! crav+ ( nature2 :]eas1 9 diseases ( imp]fect1 or deprav$ dige/ion1 z 9 ,diabetes1 ,tabes ,mes5t]ica1 c4 we f9d t ! appetite = food is nev] satisfi$ by ! mo/ nutritive meals4 ,x m]its notice also1 t :5ev] ! /oma* be call$ into action dur+ ! assimilat+ /ages ( dige/ion1 ! process w1 9 weak p]sons1 be mu* di/urb$1 if n entirely susp5d$4 ,^! views h long s9ce confirm$ me 9 ! propriety ( treat+ mes5t]ic affections 9 a mann] v diff]5t f t :i* is g5]ally pursu$2 & ,i may add t ! result has be5 v satisfactory4 ,! plan to :i* ,i allude1 consi/s 9 en=c+ long] int]vals betwe5 ea* meal1 :i* %\ld be scanty1 & 9 quantity %ort ( :at ! appetite may require2 9 ?is way are ! unwill+ absorb5ts induc$ to p]=m _! duties ) great] promptitude & activity2 b x is a practice :i*1 f ! extreme anxiety ( fri5ds & relatives1 ! feel+s ( crav+ & hung] express$ by ! pati5t1 & ! mi/ak5 b univ]sal prejudice respect+ diet1 x is always pa9ful to propose1 & g5]ally impossible to en=ce2 :]e1 h[ev]1 circum/ances h giv5 a full & unres]v$ contr\l1 ! advantage ( ! plan has be5 mo/ decisive4 ,!re is /ill ano!r rem>k :i* ,i am desir\s ( (f]+1 9 ?is place1 on ! subject ( ,diet2 viz4--t 9 all cases ( feeble or imp]fect dige/ion1 ! ,valetud9>ian ought nev] to take 8 pr9cipal meal 9 a /ate ( fatigue--& yet let me ask1 :e!r !re is a habit m g5]ally pursu$1 or m t5aci\sly def5d$8 ,aye1 & def5d$ too ^u pr9ciple--! invalid m]*ant1 ! bank]1 ! attorney1 ! gov]nm5t cl]k1 are all impress$ ) ! same belief1 t aft] ! s$5t>y occupations ( ! day1 to walk sev]al miles to _! villas1 or to fatigue !mselves ) ex]cise be=e _! d9n]1 or r e>ly supp]1 w %>p5 _! t>dy /oma*s1 & invigorate _! feeble organs ( dige/ion4 ,! consequ5ce is obvi\s1--in/ead ( cur+1 su* a practice is calculat$ to p]petuate1 & ev5 to aggravate ! malady "u :i* !y suff]2 by call+ ^u ! p[]s ( dige/ion at a p]iod1 :5 ! body is 9 a /ate ( exhau/ion f fatigue4 ,(t5 h ,i1 9 ! c\rse ( my practice 9 ?is t[n1 cur$ ! ,dyspeptic invalid1 by m]ely induc+ him to ab&on s mis*iev\s a habit4 ,,ii4 ,,to ,,correct ,,! ,,op]ation ,,( ,,! ,,basis1 ,,by ,,obviat+ ,,any ,,unpleasant ,,effects ,,x ,,might ,,be ,,likely ,,to ,,occasion1 ,,& ,,:i* ,,w\ld ,,p]v]t ,,its ,,int5d$ ,,action1 ,,& ,,defeat ,,! ,,objects ,,( ,,its ,,exhibition4 ,a4 ,by ,,me*anically sep>at+1 or ,,*emically neutraliz+1 ! (f5d+ ,+r$i5t4 ,! sci5tific physician1 f 8 k ( ! *emical composition ( a m$ic9e1 & ( ! pr9ciples ^u :i* its diff]5t qualities dep5d1 is enabl$ to remove or r5d] in]t ! elem5t :i* imp>ts to x a delet]i\s op]ation2 ?us x has be5 f\nd t ! peculi> pr9ciple 9 ! ,spani% ,fly1 :i* s frequ5tly irritates ! ur9>y organs1 is soluble 9 boil+ wat]2 ebullition 9 wat] !re=e (f]s ! means ( depriv+ x ( ! p[] ( ?us act+ ^u ! kidneys1 :ile x does n effect any alt]ation 9 its vesicatory prop]ties4 ,x is ^u ! same pr9ciple t _m vegetable sub/ances ( a v acrid nature1 become h>mless by boil+1 or by *emical manipulation1 & "s ( !m might ev5 9 times ( sc>city & want1 be introduc$ z :olesome & nutriti\s articles ( diet4 ,! exp]im5ts ( ,we/r+ %ew t ! bitt]ness ( ! ,li*5 ,isl&icus may be entirely remov$ by mac]ation 9 an alkal9e ley1 & a ta/eless1 b highly nutriti\s fecula be ?us obta9$2 9 ! same mann] ! sculus ,hippoca/anum 7,horse ,*esnut7 may be depriv$ ( its bitt]ness1 leav+ a residuum :i* w af=d a k9d ( bread2 & accord+ to ,p>m5ti] 7,re*]*es sur les vegetaux n\rissans17 excell5t />* may be also made f x4 ,dr4 ,d>w9 obs]ves1 t if ! roots ( ,:ite ,bryony be rasp$ into cold wat]1 & agitat$ ) x1 ! acrid juice ( ! root along ) ! mucilage w be dissolv$1 or swim 9 ! wat]2 :ile a />* p]fectly :olesome & nutriti\s w subside1 & may be advantage\sly us$ z food2 by a simil> species ( address ! ,fr5* prep>e f ! acrid ,arum ! h>mless1 b highly priz$ cosmetic1 call$ ,cyprus p[d]4 ,!re are _m sub/ances :i* receive a mu* pleasant] mode ( op]ation by hav+ _! solubilities increas$ or dim9i%$2 ?us ! grip+ occasion$ by sev]al dra/ic purgatives is obviat$ by ! addition ( "s alkali3 & ! nauseat+ t5d5cy ( ,camboge1 :i* arises f its too easy solubility1 is prev5t$ by incorporat+ x ) "s insoluble body2 z 9 ! ,pilul ,cambogi ,comp3 b ! f>!r consid]ation ( ?is "q w be resum$ 9 ! f\r? section ( ! ,analysis4 7iv4 c47 ,num]\s attempts h be5 made to correct ! inconv5i5t effects ( ,opium1 su* z nausea1 head-a*e1 & co/iv5ess1 by remov+ ! res9\s elem5t1 ^u :i* su* evils h be5 suppos$ to dep5d1 & we h accord+ly be5 at diff]5t times pres5t$ ) a v>iety ( ,=mul = ! accompli%m5t ( s desirable an object2 7see ,opium74 ,m rec5tly1 opium has be5 discov]$ to possess two active pr9ciples1 viz4 ,morphia & ,n>cot9e1 :i* w\ld appe> f ! rese>*es ( ,m4 ,maj5die to ex]t v diff]5t p[]s ^u ! animal sy/em2 ! =m] imp>t+ to opium its soporific1 ! latt]1 its excit+ prop]ty2 :5ce x is propos$ to remove ?is latt] pr9ciple 9 ord] to r5d] ! op]ation ( opium mild]1 & at ! same "t to dive/ x ( ^? objectionable prop]ties :i* s greatly limit its m$ic9al utility4 ,see ,opium4 ,b4 ,by add+ "s sub/ance capable ( gu>d+ ! /oma*1 or sy/em1 aga9/ its delet]i\s effects4 ,! virtues ( our mo/ important rem$ies are frequ5tly lo/1 or mu* invalidat$1 = want ( prop] att5tion to ! circum/ances compreh5d$ 9 ?is section4 ,x may be almo/ admitt$ z an axiom t :5ev] an ,,alt]ative m$ic9e acts ) viol5ce ^u ! prim vi1 its en]gies are uselessly exp5d$1 & ! object ( its exhibition defeat$4 ,s aga91 ,diaphoretics1 ,diuretics1 & _m o!r rem$ies1 suff] a dim9ution 9 _! effects1 :5ev] !y /imulate ! /oma* or b[els to excess4 ,guaiacum ?us loses its anti-ar?ritic1 ,squill its diuretic1 & ,antimony & ,ipecacuan _! diaphoretic1 virtues2 ! action ( ^! sub/ances may !re=e require correction1 & a m$ic9e mu/ be select$ capable ( fulfill+ t int5tion4 ,opium has v ext5sive p[]s z a corrig5t4 ,see ,=m4 #eg1 #ajj1 #ajf1 #aaj4 ,dr4 ,mead comb9$ alkal9e salts1 :5 int5d$ to act z diuretics1 ) opium1 9 ord] to prev5t _! action ^u ! b[els4 ,acetate ( ,lead1 :5 adm9i/]$ 9 cases ( hmop?ysis1 or ut]9e hemorrhage1 %\ld also be gu>d$ by ! addition ( a small portion ( ! same n>cotic4 ,dr4 ,sutton1 ( ,gre5wi*1 has lately writt5 a pap] to %ew1 t :]e we wi% to limit ! op]ation ( an emetic to ! /oma*1 & to prev5t its action on ! b[els1 we %\ld add five or six drops ( laudanum to ! emetic draught1 :i* 9 8 exp]i5ce has answ]$ ! purpose 9 "q4#bei ,! grip+ & nauseat+ t5d5cy ( "s rem$ies receives correction by ! addition ( ,aromatic /imulants1 or ,ess5tial oils1 7#fi1 #ga1 #gh1 #hd1 #he1 #ib17 or by small portions ( a correspond+ t9cture1 7#gj1 #gf47 ,x has be5 already /at$1 t ! grip+ f ,s5na & res9\s purgatives may be1 9 a great degree1 obviat$ by ! addition ( alkalies2 x rema9s to be obs]v$1 t ! same rem$ies are also mitigat$ 9 sev]ity1 by sal9e purgatives1 7#gg47 ,i le>n f ,sir ,h5ry ,hal=d1 t 9 8 practice he has f\nd ! addition ( ,extract ( ,hyoscyamus r5d] ! op]ation ( ! comp\nd extract ( ,colocyn? mu* m mild1 & no less efficaci\s4 ,( ! value ( su* a comb9ation1 ,i am myself able to be> ample te/imony4 ,alum is correct$ 9 its t5d5cy to di/urb ! b[els by ! addition ( ,nutmeg1 7,=m4 #ec17 or "s aromatic2 & ! dra/ic op]ation ( ,colocyn? may be mitigat$ by trituration ) ,camphor4 ,!re are sev]al sub/ances :i* are depriv$ ( _! acrimoni\s qualities by trituration ) mucilage1 milk1 b>ley-wat]1 c4 ,! t5d5cy :i* m]curial prep>ations possess ( affect+ ! b[els1 is1 ) ! exception ( ,corrosive ,sublimate1 correct$ by ,opium1 b ! acrid op]ation ( ?is latt] salt is m securely gu>d$ aga9/ by ! decoction ( ,guaiacum or ,mez]eon1 or by ! pl5tiful exhibition ( mucilag9\s dr9ks & bro?s4 ,9 c]ta9 diseases ( ! ut]us & vag9a1 a/r+5t lotions are indicat$1 b x may happ51 z 9 ! caulifl[] excresc5ce1 or 9 ! ooz+ tum\r ( ! labium1 t su* applications are too irritat+2 9 su* cases ! effect ( ! lotion is correct$ by ! addition ( mucilage4 ,! enfeebl+ influ5ce ( ,digitalis1 ,tobacco1 & "s o!r n>cotics1 is successfully oppos$ by aromatics & /imulants4 ,x has already be5 /at$ t sev]al attempts h be5 made to correct ! op]ation ( ,opium by ! application ( me*anical & *emical res\rces2 x w\ld1 h[ev]1 appe> t1 = obviat+ its effects ^u ! inte/9al excretions1 ! judici\s addition ( "s purgative w (f] ! mo/ effectual corrig5t2 &1 accord+ to my own exp]i5ce1 ! ,aloetic prep>ations are to be pref]r$ ^u su* an occasion1 z 9 ,=m4 #aa1 #ab1 #ac4 ,9 "s cases1 ,i h f\nd t a comb9ation ( ! wat]y infusion ( ,opium ) "s bitt]1 w secure ! n>cotic virtues )\t ^? consecutive effects ^u ! alim5t>y canal1 :i* we are always s desir\s to obviate2 ! ,decoctum ,aloes compositum also furni%es ^u su* an occasion a v appropriate adjunct4 ,let u rememb] t "o ( ! effects ( opium is to p>alyse1 = a "t1 ! muscul> fibres ( ! inte/9es3 n[ exp]i5ce has taught u t ! rem$ies above direct$ h a peculi> t5d5cy to augm5t ! p]i/altic motions ( ! prim vi4 ,^u ! same pr9ciple ! addition ( calomel w prev5t ! p>alys+ influ5ce ( ?is n>cotic ^u ! bili>y functions4 ,i h kn[n sev]al pati5ts :o c\ld nev] take opium unless 9 su* a =m ( comb9ation4 ,9 g5]al1 a =mula conta9s b "o corrig5t2 b circum/ances may occur1 :]e two diff]5t +r$i5ts are requir$ to obviate two v diff]5t effects1 z 9 ,=m4 #af1 9 :i* ! ,nitric acid is introduc$ = ! purpose ( c\nt]act+ ! delet]i\s effects ( ! opium ^u ! n]v\s sy/em1 :ile ! ,aloetic prep>ation is calculat$ to obviate its p>ticul> t5d5cy ^u ! alim5t>y canal4 ,sometimes ! unpleasant or p]v]se op]ation ( a m$ic9e may be obviat$ by *ang+ ! =m ( its exhibition1 ! p]iod at :i* x is tak51 or ! ext5t ( its dose2 ,dr4 ,cull51 = in/ance1 f\nd t ! nauseat+ op]ation ( ,camboge might be obviat$1 by repeat+ small doses at %ort int]vals4 7#hi47 ,be=e quitt+ ! pres5t subject1 x des]ves notice1 t !re is frequ5tly a *emical condition ( ! /oma* t may int]f]e ) ! mild op]ation ( a m$ic9e1 & may !re=e require consid]ation3 ?is is p>ticul>ly exemplifi$ 9 ! action ( ^? antimonial prep>ations :i* are liable to become emetic & dra/ic by ! pres5ce ( an acid2 x is1 = ?is reason1 v eligible to gu>d su* sub/ances ) antacid adjuncts4 ,see ,antimonii ,sulphuretum1 & ,=m4 #abe1 #abh4 ,!re is also1 ^u "s occasions1 an irritable /ate ( ! prim vi dep5d+ ^u a defici5t secretion ( mucus1 :i* r5d]s ev5 small doses ( any active m$ic9e mis*iev\s2 mucilag9\s decoctions 9 su* a case w (f] ! readie/ corrig5t2 see ,scammonia4 ,! v9\s infusion ( ,col*icum appe>s to act m viol5tly :5 acid is pres5t 9 ! /oma*2 small doses ( ,magnesia may !re=e prec$e1 & accompany its exhibition1 ) advantage4 ,,iii4 ,,to ,,obta9 ,,! ,,jo9t ,,op]ation ,,( ,,two ,,or ,,m ,,m$ic9es4 ,a4 ,by unit+ ^? sub/ances :i* are calculat$ to produce ! ,,same ,,ultimate ,,results1 al?\gh by totally diff]5t modes ( op]ation4 ,x has be5 already /at$1 7page #aeb71 t we may frequ5tly comb9e sub/ances toge!r ^: modes ( op]ation are dissimil>1 ) consid]able advantage1 provid$ !y be n physiologically incompatible ) ea* o!r4 ,we may illu/rate ?is subject by a ref]5ce to ! op]ation ( purgatives2 a s]ies ( m$ic9al sub/ances may be produc$1 ea* ( :i* has ! prop]ty ( excit+ ca?>sis1 b by a v diff]5t mode ( action2 "o = in/ance /imulates ! muscul> fibres ( ! inte/9es2 a second acts ^u ! exhalant vessels1 & muc\s gl&s2 & a ?ird ex]ts its influ5ce ^u ! neighb\r+ organs1 s z to produce an increas$ fl[ ( _! secretions into ! b[els2 b s9ce su* modes ( action are q compatible ) ea* o!r1 !y may be simultane\sly e/abli%$1 n only )\t any loss ( efficacy1 b ) ! mo/ decid$ advantage2 suppose1 = in/ance1 we adm9i/] a sub/ance :i*1 ei!r f its insolubility or peculi> nature1 acts exclusively ^u ! muscul> fibres ( ! alim5t>y canal1 its p]i/altic motions w be und\bt$ly ?us increas$1 & ! cont5ts ( ! b[els evacuat$1 b ! op]ation w be sl[1 & probably accompani$ ) consid]able torm9a2 n[ x is evid5t t if to su* a rem$y we add ^? :i* c produce an increas$ fl[ ( s]\s fluids1 ! effect w be bo? quick] & easi]4 ,! infusion ( ,s5na is ?us quick5$ & correct$ by ,soluble ,t>t>4 ,9 ! same mann] v>i\s sub/ances includ$ 9 ! class ( diuretics1 :i*1 al?\gh diff]5t1 /ill if !y be n adv]se 9 _! op]ation1 may be conjo9$2 ,digitalis & ,potass are n simil>1 nor are !y incompatible1 = :ile ! alkali1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! circulation1 /imulates ! secret+ organs ( ! kidneys1 ! foxglove may1 by its sympa!tic action1 r\se ! en]gy ( ! absorb5ts4 ,9 ! adm9i/ration ( diaphoretics we %all frequ5tly d]ive additional =ce1 z well z c]ta9ty1 by comb9+ ^? :i* act by relax+ ! cutane\s emunctories1 ) ^? :i* prove diaphoretic by imp>t+ a g5]al increase ( mom5tum to ! blood4 ,b4 ,by comb9+ ,m$ic9es :i* h entirely diff]5t p[]s1 & :i* are requir$ to obviate diff]5t symptoms1 or to answ] diff]5t indications4 ,arrangem5ts con/ruct$ ^u ?is pr9ciple con/itute "s ( ! mo/ valuable rem$ies ) :i* we are acqua9t$2 !y are 9 g5]al extemporane\s1 because _! value dep5ds ^u _! be+ v>i$ & modifi$ accord+ to ! symptoms & circum/ances ( ea* p>ticul> case4 ,! foll[+ g5]al elucidation ( ! subject may s]ve to demon/rate ! nature & importance ( su* comb9ations4 ,,purgatives ) ,,antispasmodics4 ,! practice sugge/$ by ,drs4 ,/oll & ,w>r51 9 ! treatm5t ( ,*olica ,pictonum1 af=ds a /rik+ example ( ! exp$i5cy ( comb9ations ( ?is nature4 ,x is f\nd 9 t disease1 z well z 9 o!rs att5d$ ) spasmodic con/riction ( ! inte/9al canal1 t purgatives produce no effects unless ! spasm be allay$ by comb9+ !m ) ,opium1 7see ,=m4 #ga1 #ge1 #gf17 x is f su* a cause t ! purgative s popul> ) tailors & %oemak]s1 & :i* consi/s ( ,aloes ) ,sagap5um or ,galbanum1 af=ds su* prompt relief 9 ! spasmodic *olic to :i* !y are subject4 ,,purgatives ) ,,tonics4 ,9 ! exhibition ( ca?>tics h[ frequ5tly x occurs 9 practice t ! pati5t's /r5g? w h>dly all[ ! evacuation2 9 su* a case ! addition ( /eel z a roborant 7,=m4 #gb1 #ib1 #ic17 or ev5 ( !r1 or ammonia1 z a diffusible /imulant1 is /rongly indicat$3 ! ,*elt5ham wat]s (f] a natural comb9ation ( ?is "*4 ,s aga9 9 ! cure ( dropsy we h (t5 two indications to fulfil--to evacuate ! wat]1 & to support ! /r5g? ( ! pati5t2 h5ce ! necessity ( comb9+ brisk & /imulat+ purges1 su* z ,scammony1 ,jalap1 c4 ) active tonics1 7#hc47 ,9 ! treatm5t ( am5orrha ! same m$ic9al arrangem5t is n unfrequ5tly indicat$4 ,,purgatives ) ,,m]curial ,,alt]atives4 ,9 habitual co/iv5ess1 :]e !re appe>s to be a defici5cy ( bile1 a comb9ation ( ,pilula ,hydr>gyri1 ) c]ta9 ,aloetic comp\nds1 may prove s]viceable2 = :ile ! latt] rem$y w1 9 ! abs5ce ( bile1 supply to ! inte/9es a cong5ial /imulus1 ! =m] w t5d to re/ore ! bili\s secretion by its influ5ce ^u ! hepatic sy/em4 ,see ,=m4 #gi1 #ha4 ,,purgatives ) ,,diaphoretics4 ,?is comb9ation ( effects is (t5 useful 9 practice1 b x is desirable t ! latt] %\ld n be e/abli%$ until ! op]ation ( ! purgative ^u ! b[els has subsid$4 ,?is is accompli%$ by c]ta9 doses ( ,t>t>iz$ ,antimony 9 conjunction ) "s purgative4 ,! ,pulvis ,aloes ,compositus ( our ,ph>macopia produces a some:at simil> effect4 ,,diaphoretics ) ,,tonics4 ,h[ frequ5tly is ! practition] desir\s ( det]m9+ to ! sk91 & at ! same "t ( support+ ! /r5g? ( ! g5]al sy/em8 9 ! progress ( a cont9u$ fev] we are repeat$ly call$ ^u to fulfil su* indications4 ,dr4 ,bree#bfj also obs]ves t 89 ! exhibition ( ,diaphoretics ! addition ( a bitt] infusion1 or t9cture1 is frequ5tly prop]2 = ! /oma* %\ld be g5tly excit$ & /r5g!n$ dur+ ! use ( a diaphoretic draught40 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,tonics n unfrequ5tly require ! aid ( a diaphoretic2 = in/ance1 9 ! cure ( ,cynan*e maligna1 ! use ( b>k is indicat$2 b if ! sk9 be hot & dry1 x %\ld be accompani$ ) a diaphoretic4 ,see ,=m4 #abf4 ,,antispasmodics ) ,,tonics1 or ,,n>cotics4 ,"u ! hi/ory ( ,antispasmodics1 7page #gh7 x is /at$ t !re are c]ta9 bodies :i* seem to ex]t an absolute control ov] inord9ate muscul> action1 f :atev] g5]al cause x may h aris52 9 adm9i/]+ su* rem$ies1 h[ev]1 ! intellig5t practition] w n ov]look ! peculi> condition ( ! sy/em 9 its relations to ! disease2 :]e debility is pres5t1 ! ,antispasmodic w be usefully comb9$ ) a ,tonic2 &1 9 c]ta9 morbid /ates ( ! n]v\s sy/em1 ) a ,n>cotic4 ,,a/r+5ts ) ,,diaphoretics4 ,dr4 ,=dyce has obs]v$1 t comb9ations ( ?is k9d are (t5 indicat$ 9 cases ( ,di>rha1 :]e x is necess>y to a/r+e ! vessels ( ! inte/9es1 & at ! same "t to relax ^? ( ! sk92 su* an indication1 he says1 may be fulfill$ by exhibit+ ,torm5til root1 or any o!r vegetable a/r+5t1 ) ,ipecacuan4 ,,a/r+5ts ) ,,n>cotics1 & ,,absorb5ts4 ,x has be5 already obs]v$1 t 9 a ,di>rha1 dep5d+ ^u ! influx ( acrid fluids into ! inte/9es1 !re are ?ree modes ( treatm5t by :i* ! malady may be obviat$1 viz4 by a n>cotic1 dim9i%+ ! irritability ( ! inte/9es2 by an a/r+5t1 re/ra9+ ! s]\s excretion2 & by an absorb5t1 neutraliz+ ! acrid matt]4 ,z ! modes ( action are n incompatible ) ea* o!r1 !y maybe simultane\sly e/abli%$ ) ! greate/ advantage4 ,see ,=m4 #eb4 ,,a/r+5ts ) ,,tonics4 ,a comb9ation ( c]ta9 m$ic9es belong+ to ^! two classes is frequ5tly indicat$2 9 ! treatm5t ( passive hemorrhage1 we h to a/r+e ! ble$+ vessels1 &1 at ! same "t1 to cure ! hemorrhagic dia!sis by rem$ies :i* are capable ( re/or+ ! g5]al tone ( ! sy/em4 ,9 ! treatm5t ( ! *ronic & humid c\ghs ( old p]sons1 ,i h v frequ5tly witness$ ! b5eficial union ( ! w>m & /imulat+ influ5ce ( ,myrrh ) ! a/r+5t effects ( ,sulphate ( ,z9c4 ,=m4 #fi pres5ts ! comb9ation :i* ,i h usually adopt$ ) success on su* occasions4 ,,diuretics ) ,,tonics4 ,z ,dropsy is frequ5tly associat$ ) great debility1 ! practition] %\ld comb9e 8 diuretics ) "s tonic m$ic9e2 b 9 =m+ a judgm5t ^u ! case he mu/ be guid$ by ^? precepts :i* h be5 laid d[n "u ! consid]ation ( ,diuretics at page #ig4 ,see ,=m4 #aad4 ,,diuretics ) ,,aromatic ,,/imulants4 ,su* a comb9ation w be f\nd advantage\s 9 ^? cases :]e ! p[]s ( ! sy/em require to be excit$ by m prompt measures ?an ^? af=d$ by ! ag5cy ( tonics4 ,e!real prep>ations1 ) ,squill & o!r /imulat+ diuretics1 are well calculat$ ^u su* occasions to af=d valuable assi/ance4 ,=m4 #aja-aaf4 ,,tonics ) ,,diffusible ,,/imulants4 ,9 ! cure ( dyspepsia1 we frequ5tly require a rem$y1 = ! purpose ( obviat+ debility1 t is m sudd5 9 its action1 & prompt 9 its effects1 ?an t ( a bitt] tonic1 ^: op]ation is almo/ imp]ceptible2 :ile ! case may at ! same "t /& 9 ne$ ( t p]man5t increase ( tone1 :i* ! latt] rem$y c alone supply2 su* an indication !re=e mu/ be fulfill$ by comb9ation4 ,=m4 #dj1 #db4 ,,tonics ) ,,purgatives4 ,9 ! exhibition ( tonic m$ic9es x is frequ5tly ess5tial to accompany _! op]ation ) purgation2 9 int]mitt5t fev]s1 = in/ance1 :5 att5d$ ) a r$undant secretion ( bile1 or any ob/ruction ( ! visc]a1 ! b>k mu/ be giv5 9 comb9ation ) "s laxative1 = :i* purpose ,bo]haave has recomm5d$ ,muriate ( ,ammonia2 ,mead1 ,rhub>b2 :il/ 9 _m cases1 exp]i5ce sugge/s ! propriety ( select+ "s ( ! w>m] ca?>tics1 especially ! ,aletic3 & ,i %all take ?is opportunity to obs]ve1 t not)/&+ ! op9ion s /rongly express$ by ,syd5ham1 t 8to add any ?+ to ! b>k argues ei!r ignorance or craft10 ! mo/ respectable te/imony may be adduc$ to demon/rate ! great advantages :i* h aris5 f ! v>i\s comb9ations ( ?is h]oic rem$y4 ,sir ,george ,bak] has said t 8!re is less ( reason ?an ( sev]ity10 9 ! above rem>k ( ,syd5ham2 = t x 0 f\nd 9 ! cure ( ! int]mitt5t fev]1 :i* he describes1 t1 accord+ to circum/ances1 sometimes ! ,virg9ian snake root1 & 9 o!r cases ,myrrh1 7 add$ ) propriety & advantage2 &1 accord+ to ! exp]i5ce ( sev]al practition]s1 a dra*m ( ! ru/ ( iron1 & ! same quantity ( ! p[d] ( black pepp]1 add$ to ea* ounce ( b>k1 7 ! means ( subdu+ ! mo/ invet]ate agues4 ,=mula #dd pres5ts a comb9ation1 :i* we le>n f ,dr4 ,petrie's lett] to ,sir ,george ,bak]1 con/itutes a celebrat$ ,dut* rem$y = an ague1 & :i* 0 tri$ ) success 9 ! hospital at ,l9coln1 9 ^? ob/9ate int]mitt5ts :i* prevail$ 9 ! ye> #agha4 ,hill>y speaks ( an epidemic int]mitt5t at ,b>badoes1 9 :i* ! b>k 0 ( no avail1 unless comb9$ ) sal9e rem$ies1 or "s ( ! tonic bitt]s4 ,dr4 ,b>ton has /at$ t ,b>k comb9$ ) ,m]cury 9 a small proportion1 is "o ( ! be/ rem$ies = remov+ ! swell+ ( ! sple5 aft] an int]mitt5t4 ,,expectorants ) ,,diffusible ,,/imulants4 ,we h se5 t expectorants may be usefully associat$ ) tonics2 x sometimes occurs t ^! rem$ies require ! addition ( "s diffusible /imulant4 ,9 c]ta9 /ates ( ,p]ipneumonia no?a1 :]e ! p[]s ( life are ebb+1 & ! lungs become inundat$ ) viscid mucus1 ,i h exp]i5c$ ! value ( a comb9ation ( "s /imulat+ expectorant & ammonia4 ,,antacids ) ,,tonics4 ,9 ! cure ( c>dialgia we h obvi\sly two indications2 to neutralize ! (f5d+ acid by "s *emical ag5t1 & to correct ! morbid /ate ( ! dige/ive functions by "s appropriate rem$y4 ,see ,=m4 #aeb4 ,! same obs]vation w apply 9 ! treatm5t ( c]ta9 cases ( *lorosis1 :]e c>dialgia is n unfrequ5tly a v vexati\s att5dant1 & solicits ! union ( emm5agogues ) antacids1 or absorb5ts1 z 9 ,=m4 #ii4 ,,li?on?ryptics ) ,,n>cotics4 ,z a palliative 9 calcul\s irritation1 ! union ( alkalies & opium proves a valuable res\rce4 ,h5bane may likewise be advantage\sly comb9$ ) a ,li?on?ryptic2 =1 be x rememb]$1 t few n>cotics are m efficaci\s 9 allay+ nephritic irritation4 7,=m4 #aef47 ,we h also frequ5tly two important indications to fulfil 9 ! treatm5t ( ur9>y concretions2 :]e ! li?ic acid dia!sis prevails1 x w be necess>y to neutralize any acidity 9 ! fir/ passages1 & at ! same "t to regulate ! functions ( ! sk92 we h moreov] to give tone to ! dige/ive organs2 s t1 9 su* cases1 ! art ( m$ic9al comb9ation is well calculat$ to ext5d our res\rces4 ,9 ! =mation ( ^! comp\nds we %\ld r>ely attempt to fulfil m ?an two indications1 al?\gh cases may occur 9 :i* x w be eligible to assail ! disease ) an eng9e ( triple p[]s1 z exemplifi$ by ,=m4 #eb 4 ,9 con/ruct+1 h[ev]1 su* complex arrangem5ts ! practition] mu/ ( c\rse take c>e t he does n fall into ! error ( ,,contra9dication1 & comb9e sub/ances :i* possess prop]ties ess5tially diff]5t1 & :i* are at v>iance )1 or directly oppos$ to ea* o!r2 x is an error ( ! mo/ s]i\s description1 & un=tunately is "o ( too common occurr5ce 9 ! l[] walks ( m$ical practice2 8crim9e ab uno disce omnes40 ,i lately met ) a c\ntry practition] :o1 ^u be+ ask$ by a lady :om he att5d$1 ! int5tion ( ?ree diff]5t draughts :i* he _h s5t h]1 repli$1 t "o w\ld w>m1 ! second cool h]1 & t ! ?ird 0 calculat$ to mod]ate ! too viol5t effects ( ei!r2 ?us x is t discr$it & contempt fall ^u ! use ( m$ic9es1 :i* ought only to atta* to ! ignorant pret5d]s1 or design+ knaves :o adm9i/] !m4 ,hav+1 9 ! comm5cem5t ( ?is inquiry1 /at$ t all ! pr9ciples ( comb9ation1 capable ( practical application 9 ! con/ruction ( extemporane\s =mul1 are exemplifi$ 9 ! composition ( ! v>i\s productions ( ,nature1 ,i %all conclude ! pres5t section by %ew+1 t _m ( our mo/ valuable vegetables owe _! useful prop]ties to ! jo9t op]ation ( ! sev]al di/9ct & diff]5t +r$i5ts :i* ent] into _! composition4 ,h[ _m sub/ances does ,nature produce 9 ! vegetable k+dom1 9 :i* ! p]man5t tonic quality ( bitt]ness ex]ts its influ5ce 9 union ) ! transi5t /imulat+ p[]s ( an aromatic pr9ciple8 inde$ !re is a s]ies ( vegetable rem$ies ( ?is k9d3 comm5c+ ) ^? t are simply bitt]1 we gradually proce$ ?r\gh ! diff]5t species1 ea* bl5d+ z we advance an increas+ proportion ( aroma1 until we arrive at ^? 9 :i* ! aromatic quality greatly prepond]ates4 ,p]uvian ,b>k may be said to comb9e )9 itself ! prop]ties ( bitt]ness1 a/r+5cy1 & aroma2 a fact :i* sugge/$ ! probability ( our be+ able to produce an artificial comp\nd t might emulate ! effects ( ,c9*ona1 & to a c]ta9 ext5t ! idea appe>s to h be5 realis$2 = we are told by ,dr4 ,cull51 t he frequ5tly succe$$ 9 ! cure ( an int]mitt5t by a comb9ation ( ,oak ,b>k & ,g5tian1 :5 nei!r bitt]s nor a/r+5ts1 sep>ately1 produc$ ! lea/ impression2 & ,i am in=m$ by ,dr4 ,h>rison1 t 9 ! ,hornca/le ,disp5s>y1 ( :i* he 0 = _m ye>s physician1 he nev] employ$ any o!r rem$y = cur+ ! ague ( ,l9coln%ire ?an equal p>ts ( ,bi/orta 7a/r+5t7 & ,calamus ,aromaticus 7bitt] & aromatic71 nei!r ( :i* plants1 individually1 ev] produc$ ! lea/ b5efit 9 su* diseases4 ,b]zelius attempt$ to produce a comp\nd ( ?is description by add+ to ! b>k ( ! ,a% "s ,torm5til root & ,g+]2 & he obs]ves t x act$ z an excell5t tonic1 & t accord+ to ! exp]im5ts ( 8 fri5ds x seem$ to cure qu>tan agues4#bfa ,9 ! aromatic b>ks & woods1 su* z ^? ( ! ,canella1 ,orange-peel1 ,sassafras1 c4 ! aromatic pr9ciple#bfb is comb9$ ) a bitt] +r$i5t2 a union :i* proves ( s+ul> s]vice 9 ! =midable b[el compla9ts s common 9 tropical climates4 ,! great sup]iority ( ! hop1 z an +r$i5t 9 our malt liquors1 dep5ds ^u ! fact ( its conta9+ )9 itself sev]al di/9ct & indep5d5t elem5ts ( activity1 :i* ! o!r bitt] h]bs t h at diff]5t times be5 employ$ z its sub/itute1 d n possess4 ,! philosophy ( its op]ation may be adduc$ z a /rik+ illu/ration ( ! pres5t subject2 fir/1 !n1 x conta9s a bitt] pr9ciple1 :i* imp>ts to ! bev]age a tonic quality & an agreeable flav\r2 :ile at ! same "t an aromatic +r$i5t adds a w>m & /imulant prop]ty & modifies ! bitt]ness2 ! hop1 moreov]1 conta9s an a/r+5t +r$i5t 7,tann9 & ,gallic ,acid71 ! effects ( :i* are to precipitate ! vegetable mucilage1 & ?us to remove f ! be] ! active pr9ciple ( its f]m5tation2 e attempt !re=e to sub/itute an ord9>y bitt] = t ( ! hop mu/ necess>ily fail1 unless a comp\nd c be s artfully con/ruct$ z to conta9 9 due proportions1 ! pr9ciples ( bitt]ness1 a/r+5cy1 & aroma4 ,quassia mu/ !re=e necess>ily prove b a sorry sub/itute2 x w imp>t bitt]ness en\gh1 b x w n be modifi$ by agreeable aroma2 & z x conta9s no a/r+5t pr9ciple1 x w fail 9 precipitat+ ! vegetable mucilage1 or glut52 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ! be] s manufactur$ w be 9 a p]petual /ate ( f]m5tation until x is entirely spoilt4#bfc ,rhub>b is ano!r m$ical plant :i* may be br\ght =w>d 9 elucidation ( ! analogies subsi/+ betwe5 natural & artificial comb9ations2 9 ?is case ,nature has pres5t$ u ) a s+ul> & mo/ important union ( m$ic9al p[]s1--t ( an a/r+5t1 ) a ca?>tic prop]ty6 virtues1 :i* we might1 )\t ! light ( exp]i5ce1 h pron\nc$ to be incompatible ) ea* o!r2 & yet we f9d t 9 ?is in/ance ! prop]ty ( a/r+5cy nev] int]f]es )1 or opposes ! purgative =ce1 s9ce ! =m] does n display itself unless ! sub/ance be adm9i/]$ 9 small doses2 or1 :5 giv5 9 l>g] ones1 n until x has ceas$ to op]ate z a ca?>tic4 ,,iv4 ,,to ,,obta9 ,a ,,new ,,& ,,active ,,rem$y ,,n ,,af=d$ ,,by ,,any ,,s+le ,,sub/ance4 ,a4 ,by comb9+ m$ic9es :i* excite diff]5t actions 9 ! ,/oma* & ,sy/em1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ,,new1 or modifi$ results1 are produc$4 ,?is con/itutes by f> ! mo/ obscure "p ( ! subject ( m$ic9al comb9ation1 & mu/ ev] cont9ue s until we become bett] acqua9t$ ) ! laws :i* gov]n ! action ( m$ic9al sub/ances ^u ! liv+ sy/em4 ,t ! mo/ valuable effects1 h[ev]1 are really produc$ by su* arrangem5ts1 we h ! te/imony ( long exp]i5ce1 & examples are furni%$ 9 ! valuable & well-kn[n op]ation ( _m (fic9al prep>ations2 ?us ! 8,pulvis ,ipecacuanh compositus0 conta9s z its active elem5ts1 ,opium & ,ipecacuanha2 & yet1 9 well regulat$ doses1 x nei!r possesses ! n>cotic op]ation ( ! =m]1 nor ! nauseat+ effects ( ! latt]2 !y appe> to be mutually lo/1 & conv]t$ into a p[]ful diaphoretic3 s aga91 ! emetic op]ation ( ,sulphuret ( ,antimony1 & ! specific influ5ce ( ,calomel1 are *ang$ by comb9ation ) ea* o!r1 giv+ rise to a rem$y em95tly di/+ui%$ = its p[]s z an alt]ative4 ,dr4 ,bree obs]ves t ,t9cture ( ,squills comb9$ ) ,extract ( ,h5bane1 & ! ,nitric ,acid1 h be5 prov$ by mu* exp]i5ce to be expectorant & s$ative 9 a p>oxysm ( a/hma1 al?\gh ea* article1 uncomb9$1 _h be5 giv5 )\t success4 ,see ,=m4 #aci4 ,! efficacy ( ,hemlock1 9 quiet+ ,pulmon>y irritation1 has be5 frequ5tly adv]t$ to 9 ! c\rse ( ?is "w2 ,i h to /ate1 9 ?is place1 t its value1 on su* occasions1 is g5]ally enhanc$ by comb9ation ) ,ipecacuanha4 ,x is probable t _m ( our natural rem$ies owe _! efficacy to ! results ( a simil> species ( comb9ation4 ,9 ! f\r? edition ( ?is "w x 0 /at$ t1 accord+ to ! ass]tion ( ,dr4 ,*apman1 8,k9o1 :5 adm9i/]$ 9 union ) ,calumba1 con/itut$ a pretty c]ta91 & p[]ful purgative20 s9ce ! publication ( ?is fact1 ,i h inve/igat$ :at1 if true1 w\ld appe> to be a mo/ extraord9>y anomaly 9 ! philosophy ( m$ic9al comb9ation1 & ,i f9d t ! /atem5t ( ,dr4 ,*apman#bfd is n borne out by exp]im5t4 ,t we might arrive at a j conclusion ^u ?is subject1 ,i reque/$ ! assi/ance ( my fri5d ,dr4 ,john ,davy1 ^: "* = exp]im5tal accuracy1 & ^: situation z ,sup]9t5dant ( ! ,m$ical ,division ( ! ,g5]al ,milit>y ,hospital at ,*a?am1 seem$ to po9t him out z a p]son peculi>ly adapt$ = su* an inquiry2 ! result ( 8 trials does n e/abli% t ( ! exp]im5ts ( ,dr4 ,*apman1 b on ! contr>y x seems to prove1 t nei!r ,k9o nor ,calumba1 :5 tak5 sep>ately1 has a con/ipat+ effect1 & t 9 ! =m ( p[d] 7especially ! ,calumba7 ea* has an ap]i5t quality1 :i* is n increas$ by exhibit+ ! two m$ic9es toge!r 9 a /ate ( mixture4 ,! trials f :i* ^! inf]5ces are drawn 7 made on diff]5t individuals 9 tol]able heal?1 & !y 7 repeat$ m ?an once2 9 "s cases !y 7 giv5 sep>ately1 & 9 o!rs1 mix$ toge!r1 9 doses v>y+ f a scruple to a dra*m ( ea*4 ,b4 ,by comb9+ ,sub/ances :i* h ! prop]ty ( act+ *emically ^u ea* o!r2 ! result ( :i* is ! =mation ( ,,new ,,comp\nds1 or ! decomposition ( ! orig9al ,+r$i5ts1 & ! developem5t ( _! m ,,active ,,elem5ts4 ,a4 ,! ,=mation ( ,new ,comp\nds4 ,x is n necess>y to ext5d our rese>*es beyond ! range ( ! ,ph>macopi1#bfe to collect a v>iety ( int]e/+ & important examples1 9 illu/ration ( ?is division ( our subject2 if we require a /rik+ example ( ! ag5cy ( *emical comb9ation 9 de/roy+ ! id5tity ( ! orig9al con/itu5ts1 & ( giv+ orig9 to a comp\nd ( new p[]s1 x may be exemplifi$ by ! well kn[n in/ance ( ,sulphate ( ,potass1 a sub/ance possess+ b a weak aff9ity = wat]1 & ex]t+ b little en]gy ^u ! animal conomy2 :]eas ! two +r$i5ts ( :i* x consi/s are di/+ui%$ = ! extreme eag]ness ) :i* !y unite ) wat]1 & = ! cau/ic activity :i* !y display 9 _! action ^u animal matt]4 ,"u ?is head ! class ( metals w also pres5t itself to our consid]ation1 all ! individuals ( :i*1 ) ! exception p]haps ( iron1 are p]fectly in]t & h>mless2 ev5 ars5ic1 lead1 copp]1 & m]cury1 :i* 9 c]ta9 /ates ( comb9ation con/itute "s ( ! mo/ virul5t ( kn[n sub/ances1 ex]t no action ^u ! liv+ sy/em1 unless !y be 9 union ) "s o!r body2 b :5 s unit$1 h[ valuable d !y become1 & :at v>i\s m$ic9al effects may !y n be made to produce4 ,! ,acetic ,acid & ,ammonia become neutraliz$ by comb9ation ) ea* o!r1 af=d+ a comp\nd ( new virtues4 ,sulphate ( ,z9c1 & ,acetate ( ,lead1 :5 mix$ toge!r 9 solution1 decompose ea* o!r1 & ! ,acetate ( ,z9c :i* is =m$1 af=ds a m valuable rem$y ?an ei!r ( ! =m] salts1 z an application 9 oph?almia4 ,! 8,mi/ura ,f]ri ,composita0 ( our ,ph>macopia (f]s ano!r example ( ! same *emical res\rce4 ,i also beg ! read] to ref] to ! con/ruction ( ,=mula #hb1 :i* pres5ts an in/ance ( a purgative draught be+ produc$ by comb9ation1 9 :i* ! orig9al prop]ties ( e elem5t are entirely *ang$4 ,see also ,=mula #hg1 ! *emical actions ( :i* are m complicat$1 b no less in/ructive ?an ! prec$+ "o2 ! +r$i5ts ( ! =mula are ! ,c>bonates ( ,soda & ,magnesia1--,sulphate ( ,iron1--,dilut$ ,sulphuric ,acid1 & ,wat]--& :5 mix$ toge!r1 ! foll[+ decompositions w\ld appe> to take place2 ! free ,sulphuric ,acid1 toge!r ) t :i* exi/s 9 ! ,sulphate ( ,iron1 be+ j suffici5t to decompose ! ,c>bonates ( ,soda & ,magnesia1 =ms two neutral ,sulphates 7viz4 ,sulphates ( ,soda & ,magnesia17 & !reby dis5gages a volume ( ,c>bonic ,acid gas1 :i* n only increases ! purgative op]ation ( ! new sal9e comp\nds1 b1 by its excess1 holds 9 solution ! ,c>bonate ( ,iron1 :i* is =m$ by ! decomposition ( ! ,sulphate1 & :i* 9 t /ate displays an effect p[]fully tonic4 ,be=e we quit ! consid]ation ( m$ic9al comp\nds z ! results ( *emical action1 x is exp$i5t to rem9d ! practition] ( ! ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 ,mixture & ,comb9ation1 a diff]5ce :i* affects ! m$ic9al virtues no less ?an ! *emical *>act]s ( bodies2 x is det]m9$ by ample exp]i5ce1 t sub/ances w produce effects ^u ! liv+ sy/em :5 pres5t$ 9 a /ate ( simple me*anical mixture1 v diff]5t f ^? :i* ! same m$ic9es w occasion :5 !y are comb9$ by ! ag5cy ( *emical aff9ity1 z is well exemplifi$ 9 ! comp>ative effects ( alcohol z exi/+ 9 ard5t spirits1 & 9 w9e 7see ,v9um72 or 9 ! relative p[]s ( ,m]cury 9 ! ,ungu5tum ,hydr>gyri ( ! ,london ,college1 & ! ,ungu5tum ,oxidi ,hydr>gyri c9]ei ( ! ,ph>macopia ( ,ed9burgh1 7see ,ungu5t4 ,hydr>gyri72 ! =m] ( :i* is a true *emical comp\nd1 :]eas ! latt] is a simple mixture ( its +r$i5ts4 ,b4 ,! ,developem5t ( ,active ,elem5ts4 ,! accompli%m5t ( su* an effect is 9 _m in/ances ! sole object ( a ph>maceutical process4 ,x is ?us t we obta9 pure ,citric acid f ! juice ( ! ,lemon2 ,t>t>ic acid1 f ,cream ( ,t>t>2 ,b5zoic acid1 f ! res9\s sub/ance kn[n by ! "n ( ,gum ,b5zo92 ^u ! same pr9ciple1 ! ,muriatic & ,nitric acids are elicit$ f ! sal9e comp\nds 9 :i* !y exi/4 ,ammonia1 9 its pung5t =m1 is develop$ f its inodor\s ,muriate2 & ! fix$ alkalies are obta9$ 9 _! cau/ic /ate1 f ! comp>atively mild c>bonates 9 :i* !y naturally exi/4 ,b a m /rik+ & in/ructive in/ance ( ! effect ( *emical action1 9 develop+ an active1 or useful pr9ciple1 _c p]haps be select$ ?an t ( ! well kn[n /imulant ,plai/]1 compos$ ( ,muriate ( ,ammonia1 ,soap1 & ,lead ,plai/]1 9 :i* ! alkali ( soap ent]s into comb9ation ) ! muriatic acid1 :5 ! ,ammonia1 ^u :i* ! virtues ( ! plai/] solely dep5d1 is sl[ly dis5gag$ 9 ! =m ( gas1 produc+ a p[]fully rubifaci5t & /imulant effect3 ! 8,cataplasma ,f]m5ti10 or 8,yea/ ,p\ltice10 is indebt$ = its antiseptic prop]ties to a simil> ag5cy1 = !y d n dep5d ^u any virtue 9 ! +r$i5ts !mselves1 b ^u _! decomposition1 & ! consequ5t developem5t ( an active elem5t1 :i* is ,c>bonic ,acid4 ,! practition] unacqua9t$ ) ! modus op]&i ( ^! comb9ations1 w\ld inevitably fall into an error by :i* _! efficacy mu/ be lo/2 he w\ld h>dly apply !m z soon z !y 7 =m$1 nor w\ld he be aw>e ( ! necessity ( repeat+ !m at %ort int]vals4 ,! decomposition ( ,calomel by lime wat]1 =m+ ! well kn[n 8black wa%0 & t ( corrosive sublimate 9 ! same fluid1 con/itut+ ! 8aqua phagad5ica10 furni% rem$ies :i* d]ive all _! peculi> efficacy f ! developem5t ( ! m]cury 9 diff]5t /ates ( oxidation4 ,! read] w f9d ano!r1 & a v /rik+ illu/ration ( ! same pr9ciple 9 ! hi/ory ( 8,alt]ative ,drops10 "u ! article 8,hydr>gyri ,oxy-murias40 ,a sub/ance sep>at$ by *emical precipitation is (t5 a valuable rem$y1 be+ 9 a mu* m subtle & impalpable =m ?an any body c be r5d]$ by me*anical triture & levigation2#bff = example1 ! ,c>bonate ( ,lead1 7,c]ussa71 :5 diffus$ 9 wat]1 is accord+ to ! exp]i5ce ( our be/ surgeons1 f> less active z a topical application ?an ! same sub/ance :5 produc$ at once by precipitation f ! ,sub-acetate ( t metal4 ,9 "s cases1 also1 ! sub/ance obta9$ by precipitation is 9 a diff]5t /ate ( oxidation f t :i* is prep>$ by a diff]5t process1 see ,mi/4 ,f]ri ,comp3 ,x is a "q well wor?y ( consid]ation :e!r a m active prep>ation ( ! ,antimonial p[d] might n be =m$ by obta9+ ! oxide by ! precipitation ( ,t>t>iz$ ,antimony4 ,_m int]e/+ & important illu/rations h be5 lately af=d$ by an ext5d$ k ( vegetable *emi/ry1 rec5t analyses hav+ develop$ pr9ciples ( extreme activity f sev]al ( our mo/ e/eem$ plants2 ?us h ,s]tu]n] & ,robiquet succe$$ 9 sep>at+ a n>cotic elem5t f ,opium 7,morphia72 ,maj5die1 & ,pelleti]1 an emetic pr9ciple f ,ipecacuan1 7,emeta72 & ! la/ m5tion$ *emi/1 toge!r ) ,cav5t\1 a tonic "o f ,p]uvian ,b>k1 7,c9*onia71 ! prop]ties & applications ( :i* w be fully expla9$ h]eaft]1 "u ! hi/ory ( ! diff]5t sub/ances :i* conta9 !m4 ,x is only "h necess>y to caution ! practition] aga9/ ^? fallacies into :i* ! captivat+ !ories ( ! *emi/ may s$uce him2 &1 if ! views :i* ,i h (f]$ ^u ! subject ( comb9ation be correct1 x w foll[ z a coroll>y1 t ! conc5tration ( an active elem5t mu/ 9 _m cases abridge its p[]s z a rem$y2 = al?\gh ! matt] ?us remov$ may individually be q in]t1 yet1 9 comb9ation1 x may subdivide ! p>ticles ( ! ess5tial con/itu5t1 or modify its solubility1 & give impulse & /ead9ess to its op]ation2 ?us ! vegetable alkali ,qu9a1 al?\gh x indisputably con/itutes ! active matt] ( b>k1 w be f\nd inefficaci\s :5 sep>at$ f x1 unless x be r5d]$ soluble by ! addition ( sulphuric1 or "s o!r acid4 ,c4 ,by comb9+ sub/ances1 betwe5 :i* no o!r *emical *ange is induc$1 ?an a dim9ution1 or an increase1 9 ! ,,solubilities ( ! pr9ciples1 :i* are ! repositories ( _! m$ic9al virtues4 ,! degree ( solubility possess$ by a m$ic9al sub/ance may p]haps be reg>d$ by "s practition]s z a circum/ance ( b little or no importance2 x w h[ev] appe> 9 _m cases t x n only influ5ces ! activity ( a rem$y1 b1 l its dose1 goes f> to det]m9e its specific op]ation2 inde$1 :]e a m$ic9e is n1 9 itself1 v soluble1 ! increase ( its solubility by any *emical exp$i5t1 is tantam\nt to an increase ( its dose4 ,x is probably ow+ to ! div]sity :i* exi/s 9 ! solubility ( ! active elem5ts ( c]ta9 purgatives1 t s great a div]sity occurs 9 _! op]ation2 x is1 = in/ance1 easy to conceive t a m$ic9e may act m imm$iately & specially on ! /oma*1 small1 or l>ge inte/9es1 accord+ to ! relative facility ) :i* its pr9ciples ( activity ent] into solution2 t ^? :i* are dissolv$ be=e !y pass ! pylorus are quick & viol5t 9 _! effects1 & liable to affect ! /oma*1 z is exemplifi$ by ! action ( ,gamboge1 c4 :il/ "s res9\s purgatives1 on ! o!r h&1 z !y conta9 pr9ciples less soluble1 seldom act until !y h pass$ out ( ! /oma*1 & (t5 n until !y h rea*$ ! colon4 ,colocyn? has a wid] range ( op]ation1 s9ce its pr9ciples ( activity reside bo? 9 soluble & 9 insoluble elem5ts4 ,aloes aga91 be+ /ill fur!r insoluble1 pass ?r\gh ! :ole alim5t>y canal be=e !y are suffici5tly dissolv$1 & act !re=e m p>ticul>ly ^u ! rectum1 by :i* !y are liable to produce piles1 t5esmus1 & ! v>i\s effects :i* s usually att5d _! op]ation4 ,! *>act]i/ic effects ( ,rhub>b1 ,s5na1 ,sal9e ,ca?>tics1 & inde$ ( all individual sub/ances :i* compose ! class ( ! purgative m$ic9es1 w also admit ( a satisfactory explanation f ! application ( ^! views4 ,x ought moreov] to enable ! practition]1 by *ang+ ! solubilities ( ^! sub/ances1 to *ange _! m$ic9al effects4 ,exp]i5ce %ews t ?is is ! fact1 & t x may be effect$ ei!r by ! int]v5tion ( sub/ances t act ,,*emically2 or1 by ! addition ( ,+r$i5ts ^: op]ation is entirely ,,me*anical2 ?us by comb9+ ,aloes ) ,soap or an ,alkal9e ,salt1 we quick5 _! op]ation1 & remove _! t5d5cy to irritate ! rectum2 ! ,comp\nd ,decoction ( ,aloes af=ds a comb9ation ( ?is k9d4 ,gamboge1 ^: too ready solubility x is an object to obviate1 %\ld be intimately incorporat$ ) "s insoluble purgative1 z = in/ance ,aloes2 a =mula ( ?is nature 0 introduc$ by ,dr4 ,george ,=dyce1 & x has be5 s9ce simplifi$ & admitt$ into our ,ph>macopia1 "u ! title ( 8,pilul ,cambogi ,composit40 ,t>trate ( ,pota%1 :i*1 on acc\nt ( its comp>ative solubility1 has ga9$ ! "n ( ,soluble ,t>t>1 acts ) correspond+ briskness ^u ! small inte/9es2 b by increas+ its proportion ( ,t>t>ic ,acid1 we conv]t x into a sup]-t>trate or 8,cream ( ,t>t>10 :i* is a sub/ance *>act]iz$ by a comp>ative degree ( insolubility1 & a correspond5t *ange is produc$ 9 ! m$ic9al activity ( ! salt2 its purgative effects are consid]ably dim9i%$1 :il/ its diuretic p[]s are r5d]$ m consid]able4 ,we may ev5 ext5d ?is exp]im5t by add+ to ! ,cream ( ,t>t>1 ,boracic ,acid1 a sub/ance capable ( increas+ to a c]ta9 ext5t its solubility1 :5 we %all aga9 f9d t its purgative prop]ties are /r5g!n$ 9 an equal proportion4 ,x has be5 obs]v$ t a mixture ( diff]5t sal9e ca?>tics is m effici5t ?an an equival5t dose ( any s+le "o1 a fact :i* is /rik+ly exemplifi$ 9 ! prompt & active op]ation ( ,*elt5ham ,salts1 9 comp>atively small doses1 z well z 9 t ( sea wat]4 ,i submit :e!r ?is may n 9 "s degree dep5d ^u increas$ solubility2 = x is a law well kn[n to ! *emi/1 t :5 wat] has ceas$ to act ^u a salt1 9 consequ5ce ( its hav+ obta9$ ! t]m ( saturation1 ! solution may /ill take up ano!r salt ( a diff]5t k9d4 ,i appreh5d t an advantage\s application ( ?is law might be frequ5tly made 9 practice1 & ! en]gies ( a rem$y !reby consid]ably ext5d$4#bfg ,:]e ! active pr9ciple ( a ca?>tic is n suffici5tly soluble1 x is apt to vex & irritate ! b[els1 produc+ torm9a in/ead ( excit+ a free & copi\s excretion2 h5ce ! reason :y ! op]ation ( res9\s purgatives is s commonly att5d$ ) grip+1 & :y relief may be obta9$ by comb9+ !m ) neutral salts4 ,?us also ,s5na1 ^: virtues reside 9 extractive matt]1 is apt by decoction1 or long exposure to ! air1 to act ) grip+1 9 consequ5ce ( ! extractive matt] becom+ by oxidation1 res9\s & comp>atively insoluble3 ?is effect is be/ c\nt]act$ by ! addition ( soluble ,t>t>1 t w quick5 its action1 or by an alkal9e salt t w increase its solubility4 ,x appe>s !n to be e/abli%$ z a ph>maceutical maxim1 t ! int5sity & ev5 specific action ( a purgative m$ic9e may be modifi$ or completely *ang$1 by *ang+ ! degree ( solubility possess$ by ! pr9ciples 9 :i* its activity resides4 ,! application ( ?is pr9ciple is highly important 9 practice1 direct+ u 9 ! *oice ( ! diff]5t purgatives1 accord+ to ! objects :i* we may wi% to fulfil by !m1 & po9t+ out safe & easy me?ods by :i* we may increase1 dim9i%1 ret>d1 or accel]ate _! op]ation2 x ?us enables u to con/ruct new & p[]ful comb9ations1 by imp>t+ to e/abli%$ rem$ies fre% activity1 or by mitigat+ ! acrimony & viol5ce ( arrangem5ts 9 o!r respects efficaci\s & eligible4 ,9 ! exhibition ( solid sub/ances1 _! me*anical /ate ( division may be capable ( modify+ _! op]ation1 f ! influ5ce :i* ?is condition mu/ necess>ily ex]t ^u _! solubilities1 al?\gh ,i am by no means dispos$ to assign to x ! importance :i* ,gaubius has v5tur$ to express1 8,sunt qu rudit] pulv]ata alvum1 subtilius v]o ur9as1 aut alios humores mov5t20 & ,ray1 speak+ ( ! ,as>um 7,hi/4 p4 #bjh7 has ! foll[+ rem>k--8,quo t5uius e/ tritum1 eo magis ur9as mov]e1 m9us autem alvum duc]e cr$itur20 & ,l9nu#bfh obs]ves t ?is same plant1 :5 exhibit$ 9 ! /ate ( v f9e p[d]1 uni=mly acts z an emetic1 b t :5 co>sely p[d]$ x always passes ! /oma*1 & becomes ca?>tic4 ,m4 ,virey has made a simil> obs]vation ) respect to ,hellebore1--8,l',hellebore pulv]is fait vomit]2 concass il purge2 et en decoction prolonge1 il en devi5t sudorifique ou diuretique40 ,i h endeav\r$ "u ! article ,pulv]es to e/abli% "s useful precepts ^u ?is subject1 to :i* ,i beg to ref] ! read]4 ,! influ5ce ( solubility ^u ! m$ic9al en]gies & specific effects ( rem$ies1 may be f>!r illu/rat$ by a comp>ative exam9ation ( ! virtues ( ! ,acetate & ,sub-acetate 7,g\l>d's ,extract7 ( ,lead3 ! =m] pres]ves its solubility & integrity "u any degree ( dilution1 :ile ! latt]1 :5 slightly dilut$ ) ! pure/ wat]1 9 consequ5ce ( ! c>bonic acid diffus$ ?r\gh x1 gives out a copi\s precipitate2 ! acetate !re=e is und\bt$ly ! m imm$iately active application z a prep>ation ( lead1 b x is nev]!less p]haps less adapt$ to remove inflammation & abate irritation ?an ! turbid mixture ( ! sub-acetate1 s9ce ! sl[ & gradual action :i* is ensur$ by ! latt] is m desirable ?an ! in/antane\s op]ation ( ! same rem$y1 appli$ 9 a m soluble =m3 ! popul> injection = gonorrha1 consi/+ ( a mix$ solution ( ,sulphate ( ,z9c & ,acetate ( ,lead1 probably owes mu* ( its value to ! insoluble precipitate ( ,sulphate ( lead :i* necess>ily takes place1 & :i*1 f becom+ entangl$ 9 ! mucus ( ! ure?ra1 produces a m p]man5t /imulus ?an :at c\ld h happ5$ f a soluble salt3 7,=m4 #fb7 ?us aga9 ! ,sulphuret ( ,antimony1 & "s o!r prep>ations ( t metal1 ( sl[ solubility1 e/abli% a m p]man5t influ5ce ?an ,t>t>iz$ ,antimony1 & may be pref]able to x 9 cases :]e imm$iate & active evacuations are n requir$4 ,( rem$ies compos$ ( vegetable tonics1 ! useful application ( ?is pr9ciple is also app>5t4 ,?us ! addition ( alkalies1 or lime-wat]1 to ! infusions ( ,g5tian1 c4 or to ! decoctions ( ,b>k1 by r5d]+ _! extractive & res9\s pr9ciples m soluble1 increase _! elegance1 & exalt _! virtues1 7,=m4 #ci1 #da17 al?\gh ?is law admits ( an important exception to be h]eaft] expla9$4 ,a k ( ?is pr9ciple likewise (f]s _m useful h9ts connect$ ) ! successful exhibition ( active rem$ies2 x po9ts out ! m$ic9es :i* require dilution 9 ord] to promote _! op]ation1 & ^? ^: too spe$y & viol5t effects may be ret>d$ & *eck$ by an ab/95ce f all potation4 ,?us1 9 ! exhibition ( ,diuretics likely to become ca?>tic or diaphoretic1 no liquid %\ld be giv5 = at lea/ an h\r aft] _! adm9i/ration2 ! same caution applies ) respect to ! ,comp\nd ,p[d] ( ,ipecacuan1 :i* has a /rong t5d5cy to excite vomit+4 ,:5 ! rem$y has pass$ out ( ! /oma*1 !n ! +e/ion ( fluids may1 & ought to be enc\rag$4 ,to ,sir ,francis ,milman ! pr(ession is highly indebt$ = h9ts conc]n+ ! importance ( accompany+ ! exhibition ( ,diuretics ) pl5tiful dilution1#bfi ! argum5ts he adduces elucidate 9 a v satisfactory mann] ! view :i* has be5 j tak5 ( ! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,solubility4 ,! influ5ce ( solubility#bgj 9 increas+ ! virul5ce ( a poison\s sub/ance1 has already be5 illu/rat$ v fully 7page #ace17 & x has also be5 %ewn "u :at circum/ance x may be admissible4 ,:5 ^! active sub/ances are adm9i/]$ z rem$ies1 9 small doses1 ! precept respect+ _! solubility is ev5 m important1 = 9 su* cases ! smallness ( ! quantity places _! op]ation m imm$iately "u ! control ( v>i\s incid5tal ag5ts2 de/roy ! solubility ( a m$ic9e1 & y w probably dive/ x ( ^? prop]ties :i* r5d] x useful4 ,nitrate ( ,silv]1 by com+ 9 contact ) a ,muriatic ,salt1 is r5d]$ q in]t1 & may be discov]$ unalt]$ 9 ! fces ( p]sons to :om x has be5 adm9i/]$4 ,see ,arg5ti ,nitras4 ,"u ! article ,plumbi ,acetas ! practition] w also f9d t ! conjunction ( ?is sub/ance ) any sulphuric salt1 at once deprives x ( its valuable prop]ties z a rem$y 9 ,hmop?ysis4 ,"s practition]s1 ^: op9ions ,i always receive ) respect1 h consid]$ ^! views respect+ ! influ5ce ( solubility z sav\r+ too mu* ( ! ref9em5t ( !ory1 & in/ances h be5 sugge/$ :i* w\ld appe> to invalidate _! pret5sions2 ^u exam9ation1 h[ev]1 x w be f\nd t su* exceptions are b app>5t1 & dep5d ^u ! solv5t action ( ! ga/ric fluid4 ,?us ! ,protoxide ( ,iron w\ld appe> to be soluble 9 ! fluids ( ! /oma*1 & is consequ5tly an active m$ic9e1 :]eas ! ,p]oxide ( ! same metal1 be+ insoluble "u su* circum/ances1 requires to be comb9$ ) an acid1 z 9 ! ,t9ctura ,f]ri ,muriatis1 to r5d] x efficaci\s4 ,! same rem>k w probably apply to ! oxides ( antimony4 ,i %all conclude ?is section ^u ! influ5ce ( ,solubility1 by ! relation ( an anecdote :i* may t5d to confirm ! ju/ness ( ! views ,i h (f]$1 m satisfactorily p]haps ?an any additional argum5ts d]iv$ f a sci5tific exam9ation ( *emical & m$ic9al facts2 9 z mu* z x pres5ts u ) a practice1 ! utility ( :i* has be5 discov]$ by unassi/$ exp]i5ce1 & mu/ consequ5tly be indep5d5t ( !ory4 ,! ,am]ican ,indians1 :5ev] !y und]take a long j\rney1 & are likely to be de/itute ( provisions1 employ ,tobacco = ! purpose ( c\nt]act+ ! uneasy s5sations ( hung]1 & 9 its prep>ation = su* a purpose !y adopt an exp$i5t = modify+ its p[]s1 & protract+ its effects1 :i* af=ds an in/ructive illu/ration ( ! influ5ce ( solubility2 x consi/s 9 comb9+ ! juice ( ,tobacco1 ) ! pulv]iz$ %ells ( snails1 cockles1 & oy/]s2#bga ! mass is dri$1 & =m$ into pills1 ( a conv5i5t size to be held betwe5 ! gum & lip1 :i* be+ gradually dissolv$ & swall[$1 fulfil ! int5tion requir$4#bgb ,v4 ,,to ,,af=d ,,an ,,eligible ,,=m4 ,a4 ,by :i* ! efficacy ( ! rem$y is enhanc$4 ,aft] ! views :i* h be5 submitt$ 9 ! progress ( ! pres5t inquiry1 x is evid5t1 t ! =m 9 :i* a rem$y is adm9i/]$ may ex]t "s influ5ce ^u its m$ic9al effects2 = additional pro(s ( ?is fact1 & = m p>ticul> directions1 see ,decocta1 ,infusa1 ,t9ctur1 ,mi/ur1 ,pilul1 ,pulv]es1 c4 ,:5 a sub/ance1 or a comb9ation ( sub/ances1 requires ! addition ( "s o!r "o1 = ! purpose ( imp>t+ a conv5i5t1 agreeable1 or efficaci\s =m1 a vehicle %\ld always be select$1 ^: effects w be likely to correspond ) ! int5tion ( ! o!r +r$i5ts4 ,?is precept may be exemplifi$ by a ref]5ce to ,=m4 #hj1 #acd1 & o!rs1 ! key-lett]s ( :i* ann\nce ! modus op]&i ( _! respective vehicles4 ,b4 ,by :i* its aspect or flav\r is r5d]$ m agreeable4 ,x %\ld ev] be ! object ( ! practition] to accommodate1 z f> z he is able1 ! =m & flav\r ( 8 m$ic9es to ! ta/e & caprice ( 8 pati5t1 provid$ always t he does n compromise _! efficacy1 & :i* (t5 appe>s to be ne>ly connect$ ) ^? s5sible qualities :i* r5d] !m disgu/+ & objectionable4 ,"s m$ic9es are m grateful to ! /oma*1 z well z m efficaci\s 9 _! op]ation1 :5 exhibit$ 9 ! /ate ( eff]vesc5ce4 ,to effect ?is we h only to introduce an alkal9e c>bonate into ! =mula1 & to direct a portion ( "s vegetable acid to be add$ j be=e x is swall[$4 ,we mu/1 h[ev]1 take c>e t ! +r$i5ts are ( a nature n likely to be decompos$ by ! alkali1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 or by ! neutral salt1 :i* is =m$1 9 ! second4 ,see ,=m4 #bg1 #hb1 #hf4 ,c4 ,by :i* x is ,,pres]v$ f ! spontane\s decomposition to :i* x is liable4 ,x is sometimes adviseable to add an +r$i5t = ! purpose ( prev5t+ ! sudd5 decomposition ( a m$ic9e2 ?us is ! ,comp\nd ,t9cture ( ,c>damoms add$ to ! ,comp\nd ,decoction ( ,aloes1 9 ord] t ! latt] may be pres]v$ a long] p]iod )\t *ange4 ,! addition ( sug> w prev5t o9tm5ts f becom+ rancid4 ,vegetable infusions1 t are susceptible ( m\ld9ess1 are be/ pres]v$ f su* det]ioration by "s aromatic addition4 ,= ! k ( ?is fact we are indebt$ to ,dr4 ,mac ,cullo*1 :o 9 a v int]e/+ pap]1 lately publi%$ 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,philosophical ,j\rnal#bgc has obs]v$1 t p]fumes1 su* z ,ess5tial ,oils1 c4 w prev5t ! production & gr[? ( ^? m9ute cryptogam\s vegetables1 ^u :i* ! ph5om5on ( m\ld9ess dep5ds4#bgd ,su* are ! objects :i* are to be atta9$ by comb9+ sev]al sub/ances 9 "o ,=mula1 & su* ! laws by :i* ^! compositions are to be regulat$2 b unless a physician c satisfactorily trace ! op]ation ( ea* elem5t 9 8 prescription to ! accompli%m5t ( "o or m ( ! objects :i* ,i h enum]at$1 ,,simplicity %\ld be reg>d$ by him z ! greate/ desid]atum4 ,i 0 once told by a practition] 9 ! c\ntry t ! quantity1 or r complexity ( ! m$ic9es :i* he gave 8 pati5ts1 = !re nev] 0 any defici5cy 9 ! =m]1 0 always increas$ 9 a ratio ) ! obscurity ( _! cases2 8if10 said he1 8,i fire a great pr(usion ( %ot1 x is v extraord9>y if "s d n hit ! m>k40 ,sir ,gilb]t ,blane#bge has giv5 u a simil> anecdote2 8a practition] be+ ask$ by 8 pati5t :y he put s _m +r$i5ts into 8 prescription1 is said to h answ]$ m faceti\sly ?an philosophically1 9 ord] t ! disease may take :i* x likes be/40 ,a pati5t 9 ! h&s ( su* a practition] has n a mu* bett] *ance ?an ! ,*9ese ,m&>9 :o1 ^u be+ attack$ ) any disord]1 calls 9 twelve or m physicians1 & swall[s 9 "o mixture all ! potions :i* ea* sep>ately prescribes6 ,let n ! "y practition] h[ev] be s deceiv$2 he %\ld rememb] t unless he be well acqua9t$ ) ! mutual actions :i* bodies ex]t ^u ea* o!r1 & ^u ! liv+ sy/em1 x may be laid d[n z an axiom1 t 9 proportion z he complicates a m$ic9e1 he does b multiply ! *ances ( its failure4 ,,sup]flua ,,nunquam ,,non ,,noc5t3 let him *]i% ?is maxim 9 8 remembrance1 & 9 =m+ comp\nds1 always disc>d f !m e elem5t :i* has n its mode ( action cle>ly def9$1 & z ?or\ghly und]/ood4 ,! p]fection ( a ,m$ic9al ,prescription may be def9$ by ?ree words2 x %\ld be ,,precise 79 its directions17 ,,concise 79 its con/ruction17 ,,decisive 79 its op]ation47 ,x %\ld c>ry ^u its v face an air ( en]gy & decision1 & speak intelligibly ! indications :i* x is to fulfil4 ,x may be laid d[n z a position :i* is n 9 mu* dang] ( be+ controv]t$1 t :]e ! int5tion ( a m$ic9al comp\nd is obscure1 its op]ation w be imbecile4 ,a ,m$ic9al ,=mula has be5 divid$ into f\r con/itu5t p>ts1 a division :i* w be f\nd to admit ( useful application to practice1 9 z mu* z x 0 evid5tly sugge/$ ) a view ( accompli%+ ! m prom95t objects :i* h be5 relat$ 9 ! prec$+ pages2 or1 9 ! language ( ,asclepiades1 ( enabl+ ! ,,basis to op]ate 8,,cito10 8,,tuto10 et 8,,jucunde40 ,quickly1 ,safely1 & ,pleasantly--?us ,i4 ,,! ,,basis1 or ,pr9cipal ,m$ic9e4 7cur>e47 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,adjuvans2 t :i* assi/s & promotes its op]ation4 78,cito407 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,corrig5s2 t :i* corrects its op]ation4 78,tuto407 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,con/itu5s2 t :i* imp>ts an agreeable =m4 78,jucunde407 ,^! elem5ts h[ev] are n all necess>ily pres5t 9 e sci5tific =mula1 = _m m$ic9es d n require any addition to promote _! op]ation1 & ! mild & tractable nature ( o!rs r5d]s ! addition ( any corrective unnecess>y2 :il/ _m aga9 are 9 !mselves suffici5tly manageable1 & d n !re=e require ! int]m$e ( any vehicle or con/itu5t4 ,x also frequ5tly occurs t "o elem5t is capable ( fulfill+ two or m ( ! objects requir$2 ! ,,adjuvans = in/ance1 may at ! same "t act z ! ,,corrig5s1 or ,,con/itu5s2 ?us ! addition ( ,soap to ,aloes1 or ,extract ( ,jalap1 mitigates _! acrimony1 & at ! same "t quick5s _! op]ation 7#hj47 ,s aga9 ,neutral ,salts bo? quick5 & correct ! grip+ :i* att5ds ! op]ation ( res9\s purgatives4 ,! disposition ( ! key lett]s plac$ opposite to ! elem5ts ( ! foll[+ ,=mul1 w furni% ! practition] ) a f>!r elucidation ( ^! pr9ciples1 viz4 #gj1 #ga1 #gf1 #gg1 #aja1 #ajb1 #aje1 #ace1 c4 ,?is co9cid5ce1 if possible1 %\ld be always atta9$1 = x simplifies ! =mula1 & by decreas+ ! bulk ( ! rem$y1 r5d]s x less nause\s & m elegant4#bgf ,?is division also af=ds ! be/ g5]al rule = plac+ ! +r$i5ts ( a =mula 9 prop] ord]1 = ! ord] %\ld correspond ) t ( ! arrangem5t2 & ^? elem5ts int5d$ to act 9 unity %\ld be m>%all$ toge!r4 ,! *emical & me*anical nature h[ev] ( a m$ic9al sub/ance w occasionally (f] exceptions to any g5]al rule2 ?us ! volatile +r$i5ts %\ld be ^? la/ add$1 & ! con/itu5t or vehicle %\ld be plac$ next ! p>ticul> elem5t to :i* x is int5d$ to imp>t conv5i5ce or efficacy ( =m1 or a capability ( mix+ ) ! o!r +r$i5ts1 z may be se5 9 ,=mul #fi1 #ga1 #abg1 #acf1 c4 ,?is consid]ation induc$ ! ,committee1 appo9t$ to revise ! late ,ph>macopia1 to alt] ! ord] ( ! +r$i5ts 9 ! 8,mi/ura ,f]ri composita10 & to place ! 8,spiritus ,myri/ic0 next 9 succession to ! 8,potass ,sub-c>bonas0 & ,myrrh4 ,if any sub/ance require decoction or infusion1 a "q !n arises1 det]m9able only by a k ( its *emical composition1 :e!r ! rema9+ +r$i5ts %\ld be add$ previ\s to1 dur+1 or subsequ5t to1 t op]ation2 ,=mula #dj1 :i* is recomm5d$ by ,pr+le z a rem$y = ,typhus fev]1 may s]ve to exemplify ?is pr9ciple4 ,! prep>ation ( ! +r$i5ts is resolv$ into ?ree di/9ct /ages1 & x is easy to discov] t by any o!r arrangem5t _! sev]al virtues c\ld n be fully obta9$1 & secur$ f *ange4 ,! ,c9*ona1 = in/ance1 yields its full p[]s only by decoction1 a process :i* w\ld necess>ily impair ^? ( ,s]p5t>ia1 connect$ z !y are ) an ess5tial oil2 :il/ ! addition ( ! acid at any o!r /age ( ! process ?an t direct$1 w\ld produce decompositions 9 ! vegetable sub/ances2 & x is evid5t t 7 ! ,_s ( ,c9namon add$ previ\sly1 x w\ld be entirely lo/ by vaporization4 ,s 9 mak+ ! ,comp\nd ,decoction ( ,s>sap>illa1 ! ,sassafras %\ld be add$ aft] ! o!r +r$i5ts h und]gone boil+4 ,! ,decoctions ( ,li*5 ,isl&icus & ,s>sap>illa con/itute a popul> rem$y on ! ,cont95t1 9 c]ta9 =ms ( ,ph?isis2 n[ x is evid5t t z ! =m] plant loses its virtues by long coction1 & ! latt] requires a protract$ ebullition = ! extraction ( its virtues1 !y ought n to be includ$ "u ! same g5]al directions2 ea* decoction %\ld be sep>ately p]=m$1 & ! results subsequ5tly mix$4 ,,comp\nd ,,m$ic9es h be5 divid$ into two ,classes1 viz4 ,i4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations1 :i* are ^? ord]$ 9 ! ,ph>macopias1 & kept ready prep>$ 9 ! %ops4 ,no uni=m class ( m$ic9es h[ev] c answ] ! indications ( e case1 & h5ce ! necessity ( ,,ii4 ,,magi/ral ,,or ,,extemporane\s ,,=mul4 ,^! are con/ruct$ by ! practition] at ! mom5t1 & may be ei!r arrangem5ts altoge!r new1 or (fic9al prep>ations ) additions1 or modifications4 ,too mu* importance _c be assign$ to ! ,art :i* ?us enables ! physician to adopt & graduate a p[]ful rem$y to ea* p>ticul> case by a prompt & accurate prescription2 )\t ?is k1 ! practition] ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ) all ! collat]al aid ( mod]n sci5ce1 w be z helpless 9 ! *amb] ( sickness z ! physicians ( anci5t ,egypt1 :o 7 oblig$ by ! laws to foll[ ) s]vile exactness ! unv>y+ m&ates ( _! m$ical code4 ,extemporane\s are also pref]able to ,(fic9al ,=mul1 :5ev] ! p[]s ( ! comp\nd are less liable to det]ioration f be+ long kept2 = examples1 see ,mi/ura ,f]ri composita2 ,infusum ,s5n2 ,liquor ,hydr>gyri ,oxymuriatis1 c4 ,,! ,,*emical ,,& ,,ph>maceutical ,,errors1 ,,:i* ,,may ,,be ,,committ$ ,,9 ,,! ,,composition ,,( ,,extemporane\s ,,=mul1 ,,are ,,ref]able ,,to ,,! ,,foll[+ ,,s\rces4 #a4--,sub/ances are add$ toge!r :i* are incapable ( mix+1 or1 ( =m+ ,comp\nds ( uni=m & suitable consi/5ce4 ,?is may be t]m$ an error 9 ! ,me*anism ( ! ,prescription1 & has be5 g5]ally reg>d$ z be+ m inconv5i5t ?an dang]\s1 m fatal to ! cr$it ( ! ,prescrib] ?an to ! case ( ! ,pati5t3 ! obs]vations h[ev] :i* are (f]$ 9 ?is "w1 especially "u ! article ,pilul1 mu/ satisfy ! practition] t ?is error is m mis*iev\s 9 its effects ?an has be5 usually suppos$2 x is s palpable & self-evid5t 9 its nature1 t x w be unnecess>y to illu/rate x by m ?an "o or two examples4 ,calomel1 = in/ance1 has be5 ord]$ 9 an aque\s vehicle1 & c]ta9 res9\s t9ctures h be5 direct$ 9 draughts1 )\t ! necess>y int]v5tion ( mucilage2 s aga91 an int]mixture ( sub/ances has be5 =m]ly ord]$ 9 p[d] t possess ! p]v]se prop]ty ( becom+ liquid by triture 7see ,pulv]es71 & bodies h be5 prescrib$ 9 ! =m ( pills1 ^: consi/5ce#bgg r5d]s x impossible t !y %\ld pres]ve ! globul> =m2 or else !y h be5 s h>d & insoluble1 t !y might be fir$ ?r\gh a deal bo>d4#bgh ,9 ! ,london ,ph>macopia ( #ahji1 an error ( ?is k9d un=tunately pass$ )\t correction ) reg>d to ! ,=mula = prep>+ ! ,syrup ( ,s5na4 ,,ii4--,sub/ances are add$ toge!r :i* mutually decompose ea* o!r1 :5ce _! orig9al virtues are *ang$1 or de/roy$4 ,?is is a m s]i\s1 b n a less frequ5t s\rce ( error2 x has be5 already %ewn 9 ?is ,analysis 7,,iv4 ,b7 t ! judici\s & sci5tific application ( *emical sci5ce has furni%$ new & endless res\rces to ! physician1 by exalt+ ! efficacy & correct+ ! acrimony ( e/abli%$ rem$ies1 or by comb9+ in]t sub/ances s z to create new & p[]ful m$ic9es4 ,) equal tru? & confid5ce x may be ass]t$1 t ! abuse ( ^! means n only de/roys ! virtues ( ! mo/ valuable articles 9 ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 b t ! milde/ rem$y may be ?us conv]t$ into an in/rum5t ( torture1 & ev5 ( dea?4 ,9 a lecture deliv]$ at ,apo!c>ies' ,hall1 ,mr4 ,br&e /at$ t he _h se5 a prescription 9 :i* ! blue1 or m]curial pill1 0 ord]$ 9 conjunction ) nitric acid1 & t ! pati5t 0 br\ght to 8dea?'s door0 f ! =mation ( nitrate ( m]cury 9 8 /oma*6 ,i h myself lately se5 a ,recipe1 pr(ess+ to af=d a prep>ation simil> to ! 8,black ,drop10 & :i* direct$ a mixture ( a ,t9cture ( ,opium1 made ) rectifi$ _s1 ) ,nitric ,acid2 9 ?is case1 x may be v safely inf]r$ t ! au?or 0 n only ignorant ( ! *emical habitudes ( ^! bodies1 b t he nev] p]=m$ ! exp]im5t 9 "q1 or he w\ld h le>nt f dire exp]i5ce1 t 9 consequ5ce ( ! rapid evolution ( nitric e!r1 ! cont5ts ( ! phial w explode ) viol5ce1 to ! imm95t haz>d ( ! op]ator's eye-sight4 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( my pr(essional practice ,i h witness$ m ?an an ord9>y %>e ( consumptive cases1 & ,i c confid5tly /ate t 9 ! treatm5t ( ,hmop?ysis1 ! /yptic prop]ties ( ,acetate ( lead are entirely invalidat$ by comb9ation ) ,alum1#bgi or by its exhibition be+ accompani$ ) t ( ! acidulat$ infusion ( roses1 or ) small doses ( sulphate ( magnesia2 & yet1 ,i w\ld ask1 :e!r ?is practice is n usual & g5]al8 ,! practition] h[ev] _c be too (t5 rem9d$ t he is n to reject a rem$y ^: value has be5 asc]ta9$ by exp]i5ce1 m]ely because x appe>s to be un*emical3 ! popul> & c]ta9ly useful pill1 consi/+ ( calomel1 rhub>b & soap1 may be adduc$ z an example ( ?is k9d4 ,( ! ,mi/ura ,f]ri ,composita1 ,i w only say t x is a mo/ valuable comb9ation2 & :e!r x be ! product ( accid5t1 or ! result ( philosophical induction1 x equally des]ves a di/+ui%$ place 9 our li/ ( tonic rem$ies3 b x _c be d5i$ t _m ( our e/eem$ arrangem5ts1 :i* are 9 app>5t contradiction to all ! laws ( composition1 owe _! efficacy to ! op]ation ( aff9ities altoge!r bl9d & =tuit\s4 ,x has be5 obs]v$ t ! practice ( comb9+ c]ta9 vegetable tonics ) lime-wat]1 al?\gh v common1 is 9 cases :]e we are desir\s to obta9 _! a/r+5t effects1 ( v d\btful propriety2 = ! fact is1 t ,tann9 =ms ) ! alkalies & alkal9e e>?s1 comp\nds t are n soluble 9 wat]1#bhj & :i* are !re=e probably inefficaci\s4 ,x may p]haps be said t su* an argum5t _c avail1 because if ! a/r+5t matt] be ev5 introduc$ into ! /oma* 9 its pure/ =m1 x w imm$iately =m an insoluble comp\nd on its contact ) gelat9e4#bha ,we "k s little ( ! laws ( ga/ric *emi/ry1 t x is difficult to le>n :at *anges take place 9 ! animal laboratory2 b x w\ld seem probable t ! p[]s ( ! /oma* r consi/ 9 decompos+ ! +e/a into simple =ms1 ?an 9 complicat+ !m by favor+ new comb9ations2 besides :i*1 if su* a comp\nd 7 =m$1 x w\ld be subsequ5tly decompos$ 9 transitu2 = ! exp]im5ts ( ,sir ,h4 ,davy %ew t vegetable a/r+5t matt] passes ?r\gh ! body un*ang$4 7page #hb47 ,x is impossible to furni% any g5]al rule t may enable ! practition] to avoid mix+ toge!r sub/ances :i* are incompatible ) ea* o!r2 a k ( _! *emical habitudes mu/ 9 e case direct him1 & ^! are enum]at$ 9 ! second "p ( ?is "w1 "u ! hi/ory ( ea* m$ic9al sub/ance4 ,! physician h[ev] w f9d x useful to reta9 9 8 remembrance ! simple & beautiful law :i* has be5 s ably develop$ by ! em95t au?or ( ! 8,,/atique ,,*imique10 t :5ev] two salts 9 a /ate ( solution are br\ght toge!r1 :i* conta91 )9 !mselves1 elem5ts capable ( produc+ a soluble & insoluble salt1 a decomposition mu/ necess>ily arise2#bhb he illu/rates ?is law by ! example ( ,nitrate ( ,silv] & ,muriate ( ,potass1 ^: elem5ts are capable ( =m+ )9 !mselves a soluble salt1 ,nitrate ( ,potass1 & an insoluble salt1 ,muriate ( ,silv]4 ,x des]ves also to be rememb]$1 t a table ( *emical aff9ity w n ^u all occasions prove to ! m$ical practition] an un]r+ pilot2 9 ^? cases = in/ance1 :]e a sup] or sub ,salt is readily =m$1 a sub/ance less weakly attract$ by ano!r ?an a ?ird1 w sometimes precipitate ?is ?ird f its comb9ation ) ! second1 ?us 9 ! production ( ,nitric acid1 we decompose ! ,nitrate ( ,potass by virtue ( ! sup]ior aff9ity ( ! ,sulphuric acid = its base1 ! nitric acid is accord+ly dis5gag$1 & a ,sulphate ( ,potass rema9s 9 ! retort2 n[1 p>adoxical z x may appe>1 if nitric acid be p\r$ ^u ! ,sulphate ( ,potass1 a quantity ( nitre w be reproduc$1 9 consequ5ce ( ! saturation ( a portion ( ! base1 9 su* a proportion z to enable ! rema9+ atoms to =m a ,bi-,sulphate ( ,potass4 ,9 ! same mann] ! ,t>trate ( ,potass 7,soluble ,t>t>7 is1 contr>y to ! usual aff9ities1 decompos$ by all sub-acid vegetables1 :i* neutralize a portion ( ! base1 & conv]t ! salt into ! ,bi-t>trate ( ,potass 7,cream ( ,t>t>74 ,! same effect is ev5 produc$ by ,c>bonic acid4#bhc ,!re are besides c]ta9 cases :]e9 ,triple ,salts are produc$1 :i* af=d app>5t exceptions to ! usual aff9ities ( ! bodies involv$ 9 ! comb9ation2 we h a v good illu/ration ( ?is tru? 9 ! decomposition ( ! ,liquor ,ammoni ,acetatis by ,magnesia2 if ! practition] ref]s to a table ( aff9ities1 he w p]ceive t ,acetic acid has a great] attraction = ,ammonia ?an = ,magnesia2 b if ^u ?is assurance he 7 to adm9i/] ^! bodies toge!r1 he1 or 8 pati5t1 w\ld soon discov] t ammonia is develop$ ) consid]able pung5cy2 n[ 9 ?is case ! ,magnesia =ms a triple ,acetate ) "o "p ( ! ammonia1 & consequ5tly sets ! rema9d] at lib]ty4 ,a popul> error exi/s ) respect to ! subject ( *emical incompatibility1 aga9/ :i* x may be "h advisable to caution ! inexp]i5c$ prescrib]1 viz4 t no important *ange is produc$1 on ! admixture ( solutions1 unless precipitation is occasion$4 ,?is h[ev] occurs only :5 ! new comp\nd produc$ is insoluble2 ?us ,sulphuric acid may be add$ to ,lime wat]1 by :i* a ,sulphate ( ,lime is =m$1 b z its proportion is n too l>ge = ! wat] to dissolve1 no precipitate occurs2 s aga91 a solution ( ,nitrate ( ,silv] is n app>5tly di/urb$ by ! addition ( ,ammonia1 because ! result+ ,ammoniuret is a soluble comp\nd4 ,we %\ld1 nev]!less1 commit a great error 9 suppos+ t1 = su* a reason1 ^! bodies 7 n incompatible4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! m$ic9al p[]s ( a solution are n necess>ily de/roy$ by ! occurr5ce ( a precipitate1 al?\gh su* a result %\ld always be reg>d$ ) suspicion4 ,,iii4--,! ,me?ods direct$ = ! prep>ation ( ! ,+r$i5ts are ei!r inadequate to ! accompli%m5t ( ! object1 or !y *ange & de/roy ! efficacy ( ! ,sub/ances4 ,! obs]vations already (f]$ ^u ,=mula #dj1 w suffici5tly expla9 ! nature ( ! v>i\s errors compreh5d$ "u ?is head3 s1 aga91 if ! virtues ( a plant reside 9 ess5tial oils1 :i* are easily volatiliz$1 or 9 extractive matt]1 :i* readily becomes oxidiz$1 ,,decoction mu/ necess>ily de/roy its efficacy2 a /rik+ example ( ?is fact is pres5t$ u 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,laurel & ,bitt] ,almond3 ! poison\s influ5ce ( ! ess5tial oil & di/ill$ wat] ( ^! vegetable sub/ances is well kn[n1 b _! wat]y extracts are p]fectly innocu\s4 ,a /ill m famili> example is to be f\nd 9 ! onion1 or 9 g>lic1 :i* by simple coction is depriv$ ( all its acrimoni\s qualities4 ,on ! o!r h&1 an error equally injuri\s w\ld be committ$1 by direct+ a simple infusion ( a vegetable1 ^: m$ic9al prop]ties dep5d$ ^u res9o-mucilag9\s pr9ciples4 ,orfila f\nd t an extract ( ,hemlock1 prep>$ by boil+ ! dri$ p[d] 9 wat] & evaporat+ ! decoction1 0 entirely de/itute ( activity4 ,see ,decocta1 ,infusa1 ,extracta4 ,an in/ance ( ! baneful effects :i* may arise f an errone\s me?od ( prep>ation happ5$ "s "t ago to fall "u my imm$iate notice & c>e2 x 0 9 prep>+ an infusion ( ! root ( ! ,v]atrum ) ,opium1 z direct$ by ,mr4 ,james ,moore1 :5 ! disp5s] ignorantly sub/itut$ a spiritu\s = a v9\s m5/ruum4 ,a v common error may be "h notic$1 :i* is t ( prescrib+ a sub/ance 9 su* a =m1 z n to be act$ ^u ) any effect by ! solv5t2 z an example x may be /at$1 t 9 prep>+ an infusion ( ,junip] ,b]ries1 unless pa9s be tak5 by /rong contusion to break ! se$1 x w conta9 b little p[] z a m$ic9e4 ,! unbruis$ se$s ( ,mu/>d 7 comm5d$ by ,dr4 ,mead1#bhd 9 ,ascites1 & by ,b]gius1 9 ,int]mitt5ts2 ,dr4 ,cull51 h[ev]1 has v prop]ly obs]v$ t ! se$s giv5 9 ! above mann] are nev] brok5 d[n or dissolv$ 9 ! /oma*1 b pass away entire by /ool1 & _c !re=e occasion any b5eficial result4 ,x is unnecess>y to multiply examples 9 pro( ( ! num]\s errors into :i* a physician mu/ unavoidably fall1 :o presumes to compose prescriptions )\t a k ( ! *emical habitudes ( ! diff]5t sub/ances :i* he comb9es4 ,! file ( e apo!c>y w\ld furni% a volume ( in/ances1 :]e ! +r$i5ts ( ! prescription are fight+ toge!r 9 ! d>k1 or at lea/ are s adv]se to ea* o!r1 z to con/itute a mo/ incongru\s & *aotic mass4 8,ob/abat aliis aliud3 quia corpore 9 uno ,frigida pugnabant calidis1 hum5tia siccis1 ,mollia cum duris1 s9e pond]e1 hab5tia pondus40 ,ovid4 ,metamorph4 lib4 #a4 #ai4 ,,! ,,doses ,,( ,,m$ic9al ,,sub/ances are specific ) respect to ea*1 & c !re=e be only le>nt f exp]i5ce2 ! "y & eag] practition]1 h[ev]1 is too (t5 betray$ into ! error ( suppos+ t ! p[]s ( a rem$y always increase 9 an equal ratio ) its dose1 :]eas ,,! ,,dose ,,alone ,,v ,,(t5 ,,det]m9es ,,its ,,specific ,,action4 8,m$ic9es10 says ,l9nu1 8diff] f poisons1 n 9 _! nature1 b 9 _! dose10 :i* is b a p>aphrase ( ! well kn[n aphorism ( ,pl9y1 8,ubi virus1 ibi virtus40#bhe--,s t food1 rem$ies1 & poisons1 may be said to bran* into ea* o!r by indef9able gradations2--,five gra9s ( ,camphor act z a mild s$ative & slight diaphoretic1 b tw5ty gra9s induce nausea1 & act z a /imulant2 s aga91 ,opium1 9 too l>ge doses1 in/ead ( promot+1 prev5ts sleep1 & r /imulates ! b[els ?an acts z a n>cotic4 ,two ounces ( any neutral salt are apt to be emetic1 "o ounce ev5 ( ,alum to be ca?>tic1 & two dra*ms to be refrig]ant2 9 l mann] ! prep>ations ( ,antimony ei!r vomit1 purge1 or sweat1 accord+ to ! quantity exhibit$4 ,w\ld x n appe> t p[]ful doses r produce a local ?an a g5]al effect8 ,exp]i5ce seems to prove 9 ?is respect1 t ! effect ( an int]nal application is simil> to t ( an ext]nal impression2 if viol5t1 x affects ! "p only to :i* x is appli$1 z p9*+ does t ( ! sk91 :]eas titillation1 :i* may be said to diff] only f ! =m] 9 degree1 acts ^u ! :ole sy/em1 & occasions it*+ & laught]1 & if long cont9u$1 weakness1 sickness1 vomit+1 & convulsions2 9 l mann] ,digitalis1 if giv5 9 l>ge doses1 acts imm$iately ^u ! /oma* or b[els1 becom+ emetic & ca?>tic1 b 9 small] proportions x produces a ,,g5]al effect1 increas+ all ! excretions1 especially t ( ur9e2 s1 aga91 l>ge doses ( ! ,m]curial ,pill act ^u ! b[els1 & are elim9at$ f ! body1 :]eas ! same rem$y 9 small doses affects ! sy/em g5]ally1 & excites a univ]sal influ5ce4 ,i am well satisfi$ t ! regulation ( ! dose ( a m$ic9e is ev5 m important ?an x is usually suppos$ to be4 ,sub/ances p]fectly in]t & useless 9 "o dose may prove 9 ano!r active & valuable4 ,h5ce may be expla9$ ! great efficacy ( _m m9]al wat]s1 :il/ ! +r$i5ts :i* imp>t activity to !m are f\nd comp>atively in]t1 :5 !y become ! elem5ts ( an artificial comb9ation2 & h5ce probably ! failure ( _m alt]ative m$ic9es1 :5 no o!r rational cause c be assign$ = x4 ,we ne$ n seek f> = an example ( ! v diff]5t & opposite effects :i* ! same sub/ance c produce 9 diff]5t doses2 ! op]ation ( ,common ,salt is famili> to u all2 ,sir ,john ,pr+le has %ewn t 9 quantities su* z we usually take ) our food1 its action is highly septic1 s(t5+ & resolv+ all meat to :i* x is appli$1 :]eas 9 l>ge quantities x usually pres]ves su* sub/ances f putrefaction1 & !re=e1 :5 s tak51 in/ead ( promot+1 de/roys dige/ion4 ,x is moreov] probable t m$ic9al1 l nutritive sub/ances1 are m readily absorb$ into ! circulat+ sy/em :5 pres5t$ 9 small quantities1 ?an :5 appli$ 9 m consid]able proportions4 ,x is ^u ?is pr9ciple t a l>ge quantity ( food1 tak5 seldom1 does n fatt5 s mu* z small] quantities at %ort] int]vals1 z is exemplifi$ 9 ! univ]sal good condition ( cooks & _! att5dants4 ,x is n press+ ! pr9ciple ( analogy too f> to suppose t ! action ( alt]atives1 :i* require to be absorb$1 may be m effectually answ]$ by simil> managem5t2 t is1 by exhibit+ small doses at %ort int]vals4 ,! op]ation ( m$ic9es is influ5c$ by c]ta9 g5]al circum/ances1 :i* %\ld be also kept 9 m9d :5 we apportion _! dose2 e4g4 ,,age--,,sex--,,temp]am5t--,,/r5g? ,,( ,,! ,,pati5t--,,habit--,,diet--,,pr(ession-- ,,climate--,,duration ,,( ,,! ,,disease--,,/ate ,,( ,,! ,,/oma*--,,idiosyncrasy--& ,,! ,,v>iable ,,activity ,,( ,,! ,,m$ic9al ,,sub/ance4 ,wom5 g5]ally require small] doses ?an m54 ,habit1 or ! protract$ use ( a m$ic9e1 g5]ally dim9i%es its p[]1 al?\gh c]ta9 ca?>tics appe> to (f] an exception1 = :5 long cont9u$1 _! activity is proportionally increas$1 z is well kn[n to e p]son :o is famili> ) ! op]ation ( ! ,*elt5ham wat]s4 ,dr4 ,lamb has also /at$ ) reg>d to ! op]ation ( ,lead1 8t ! con/itution1 s f> f be+ reconcil$ to x by habit1 is r5d]$ m & m s5sible to its irritation by cont9uance40 ,emetics also frequ5tly become m p[]ful by repetition2 ,cull5 in=ms u t he knew a p]son s accu/om$ to excite vomit+ 9 himself t ! "o tw5tie? "p ( a gra9 ( t>t>iz$ antimony 0 suffici5t to excite a convulsive action ( ! /oma*2 9 "s cases su* an effect may p]haps be ref]r$ to ! op]ation ( ! m9d2 = aft] ! frequ5t use ( an emetic1 ! m]e sight ( x1 or ev5 conv]sation relative to x1 has be5 f\nd suffici5t to excite nausea4 ,9 apportion+ ! dose ( a v active m$ic9e1 x is ( ! greate/ mom5t to det]m9e ! relative degrees ( p[] betwe5 ! sy/em & ! rem$y1 & to "k to :at ext5t ! latt] is likely to be c>ri$1 consonantly ) ! p[]s ( life to resi/ x2 ?us1 aft] a pati5t has be5 exhau/$ by protract$ & sev]e suff]+ & wat*+1 a dose1 diff]5t to "o at ! comm5cem5t ( ! disease is requisite4 ,! importance ( ?is precept is impress$ ^u my m9d f hav+ witness$1 9 ! c\rse ( my practice1 sev]al in/ances ( ! mis*ief :i* has aris5 f a want ( att5tion to x2 t disease mat]ially influ5ces ! condition ( ! body1 & its susceptibility to rem$ial impressions1 has be5 already demon/rat$4 ,emetics act v readily 9 febrile affections1 :ile 9 ^? ( ! ,neuroses#bhf !y produce _! effects ) difficulty4 ,9 ! application ( ext]nal rem$ies to diseas$ p>ts1 x especially behoves ! ,surgeon to take into consid]ation ! degree ( vitality possess$ by su* p>ts1 & to graduate _! /r5g? accord+ly4 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,e>le#bhg has publi%$ a v int]e/+ case 9 illu/ration ( ?is pr9ciple4 ,! arm ( a p]son became p>alytic1 9 consequ5ce ( an injury ( ! axill>y plexus ( n]ves f a fracture ( ! coll> bone2 ^u keep+ ! limb = ne>ly half an h\r 9 a tub ( w>m gra9s1 #8:i* 7 previ\sly asc]ta9$ by ! o!r h& n to be too hot1' ! :ole h& became bli/]$ 9 a mo/ al>m+ mann]1 & sl\ghs =m$ at ! extremities ( ! f+]s1 & und]nea? ! nails2 a consid]able degree ( inflammation subsequ5tly spread 9 ! c\rse ( ! absorb5ts1 & matt] =m$ 9 ! axilla1 :i* 0 soon absorb$1 & ! inflammation assuag$4 ,:5ce x foll[s1 t a limb depriv$ ( its usual supply ( n]v\s en]gy _c su/a91 )\t injury1 an elevation ( temp]ature :i* w\ld n be 9 ! lea/ prejudicial to a heal?y memb]4 ,mr4 ,e>le supports ?is conclusion by ! relation ( ano!r case1 9 :i* ! uln> n]ve _h be5 divid$1 = ! cure ( a pa9ful affection ( ! arm2 ! consequ5ce ( :i* op]ation 01 t ! pati5t 0 incapable ( wa%+ 9 wat] at a temp]ature t 0 q h>mless to e duly vitaliz$ "p1 )\t suff]+ f vesication & sl\ghs4 ,be=e we quit ! subject ( ,,dose1 x may be necess>y to obs]ve1 t !re are _m rem$ies t d n act ) great] viol5ce 9 a l>ge dose ?an 9 "o comp>atively small2 ,ipecacuan1 = in/ance1 is m c]ta9 9 its op]ation1 b n m viol5t1 :5 giv5 9 a l>ge quantity2 ! same may be said ( ,aloes1 & sev]al o!r m$ic9es4 ,,! ,,v>iable ,,activity ,,( ,a ,,m$ic9e %\ld also be appreciat$1 & p]haps ! practition] w\ld act cauti\sly if he 7 to r$uce ! dose1 %\ld x be a v consid]able "o1 :5ev] a fre% p>cel ( ! m$ic9e is comm5c$1 especially ( ! p[d]s ( active vegetables liable to det]ioration f be+ kept1 z ^? ( ,digitalis1 c4 ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,! ,,day at :i* rem$ies %\ld be adm9i/]$ des]ves likewise "s att5tion4 ,evacuat+ ,m$ic9es ought to be exhibit$ late at night or e>ly 9 ! morn+4 ,x w\ld seem t dur+ sleep ! b[els are n s irritable1 & consequ5tly n s easily act$ ^u1 :i* all[s "t = ! full solution ( ! sub/ance2 ! same obs]vation applies to ,alt]ative & o!r m$ic9es :i* are liable to suff] f a vexati\s irritability ( ! b[els2 x is on ?is acc\nt eligible to exhibit ,guaiacum1 ,pilul ,hydr>gyri1 c4 :5 !y are n int5d$ to purge1 at b$ "t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :]e ! effects ( a rem$y are likely to be lo/ by p]spiration1 z is ! case ) ,diuretics1 _m ( :i* are by ext]nal heat *ang$ into ,diaphoretics1 x may become a "q ) ! judici\s practition] :e!r he _c select "s m fav\rable p]iod = _! exhibition4 ,9 fev]s x is ( importance to consult 9 all respects ! quiet & com=t ( ! pati5t2 ,dr4 ,hamilton !re=e1 9 8 valuable "w on ,purgatives1 v judici\sly obs]ves t1 on ?is acc\nt1 ! exhibition ( purgative m$ic9es %\ld be s tim$1 t _! effects may be expect$ dur+ ! day4 ,9 "s cases ! "t ( adm9i/]+ a rem$y mu/ be regulat$ by ! /age ( ! disease2 ?us1 9 fev]s1 a dose ( opium w ei!r increase ! heat ( ! body1 augm5t ?ir/ & re/lessness1 or occasion tranquillity & sleep1 accord+ to ! temp]ature ( ! body at ! "t ( its adm9i/ration2 = ?is reason ,dr4 ,currie advises u n to give ! ev5+ dose ( ,opium 9 ,typhoid fev]s1 till v late1 or ab\t "o or two o'clock 9 ! morn+1 :5 ! heat is subsid+1 & moi/ure is com+ on4 ,emetics adm9i/]$ = ! cure ( ! slight] cases ( ,pyrexia %\ld be giv5 9 ! ev5+1 z _! op]ation leaves a t5d5cy to sleep & diaphoresis1 :i* x is useful to promote4 ,rem$ies t require to be absorb$ w probably be m effici5t 9 ! morn+ aft] sleep2 ! old cu/om ( giv+ m$ic9es on a morn+ fa/+1 is n q s absurd z "s mod]n practition]s h be5 l$ to suppose4 ,diaphoretics %\ld be always giv5 aft] ! dige/ive process is end$1 = dur+ ! p]=mance ( ?is function ! emunctories ( ! sk9 are less dispos$ to action4 ,,! ,,int]vals ,,betwe5 ,,ea* ,,dose mu/ be regulat$ by ! nature ( ! rem$y & t ( ! objects :i* x is int5d$ to fulfil1 & :e!r x be desirable or n t ! latt] dose %\ld support ! effects ( ! prec$+ "o1 or :e!r !re be any fe> ( a reaction or collapse tak+ place aft] ! effect ( "o dose has subsid$1 unless imm$iately repeat$2 ?us ! effects ( diffusible /imulants1 su* z ammonia & !r1 are v evanesc5t1 !y %\ld !re=e be repeat$ at %ort int]vals2 ! same may be said ( ,diaphoretics1 especially ! l5i5t ones2 we ought n to all[ ! p]iod betwe5 ! doses to be s remote z to occasion any /rik+ abatem5t 9 ! impression3 s ,opium1 :]e its prim>y & /imulant op]ation is requir$1 z 9 diseases ( debility1 su* z fev]s ( ! typhoid type1 %\ld be giv5 9 small doses at %ort int]vals1 s t x may enk9dle & su/a9 a uni=m & regul> /ate ( excitem5t3 b :]e ! object is to mitigate pa91 allay irritation1 & produce sleep1 x ought to be exhibit$ 9 full doses1 at di/ant int]vals4 ,!re is a caution also :i* x is v necess>y to impress ^u ! practition]1 respect+ ! p[] :i* "s m$ic9es possess ( accumulat+#bhh 9 ! sy/em2 ?is is notori\s ) reg>d to ,lead & ,m]cury1 & probably ) ! prep>ations ( ,ars5ic1 & "s o!r metallic comp\nds4 ,dr4 ,)]+ has obs]v$ t ! repetition ( small doses ( ,digitalis1 at %ort int]vals1 till x produces a s5sible effect1 is an unsafe practice1 s9ce a dang]\s accumulation w frequ5tly take place be=e any signals ( =be>ance pres5t !mselves4 ,i h already allud$ to ! possibility ( m]curial accumulation1 & its developem5t at a remote p]iod4 ,,con/itutional ,,peculi>ities1 or ,,idiosyncrasies1 w sometimes r5d] ! op]ation ( ! milde/ m$ic9e poison\s1 8,virum novi10 says ,gaubius1 8qui cum fatuum lapidum cancrorum pulvisculum +essit1 vix mitius afficitur quam alii ab ,ars5ico40 ,i h se5 a g5]al ,erysipelas foll[ ! application ( a bli/]1 & torm9a ( ! b[els1 no less sev]e ?an ^? produc$ by ! +e/ion ( ,ars5ic1 att5d ! op]ation ( purgatives compos$ ( ,s5na6 ,9 "s con/itutions ,antimony has be5 kn[n to produce a ptyalism2 ,dr4 ,james assur$ ,sir ,george ,bak] t he knew six in/ances ( x1 al?\gh ! pati5ts ?us affect$ _h nei!r _! tee? loos5$1 nor _! brea? made (f5sive4 ,! peculi> susceptibility ( c]ta9 individuals to ! effects ( p>ticul> plants is also v s+ul>3 ,murray relates t unpleasant symptoms h be5 exp]i5c$ by m]ely keep+ ,aconite = "s "t 9 ! h&1 or on ! bosom4 ,i am acqua9t$ ) two p]sons 9 :om ! od\r ( ,ipecacuan always produces a mo/ di/ress+ dyspna2 ,mr4 ,*evali] in=ms u1 t he once knew a lady :o c\ld n take ,p[d]$ ,rhub>b1 )\t an erysipelat\s effloresc5ce almo/ imm$iately %ew+ itself on ! sk91 & yet %e c\ld take x 9 ! =m ( ,infusion ) p]fect impunity4 ,!re are "s idiosyncrasies s s+ul> & incr$ible1 t no?+ b unimpea*able te/imony c\ld sanction our belief 9 _! exi/5ce4 ,s*5kius relates a case 9 :i* ! g5]al law ( a/r+5ts & ca?>tics 0 always rev]s$4 ,donatus tells u ( a boy ^: jaws swell$1 ^: face broke out 9 spots1 & ^: lips fro!d1 :5ev] he eat an egg4 ,! late ,pope ,pius ,,vii4 _h su* an antipa?y to musk1 t on "o occasion ( pres5tation1 an individual ( ! company hav+ be5 sc5t$ ) t p]fume1 8 hol9ess 0 oblig$ to dismiss ! p>ty almo/ imm$iately4#bhi ,education1 & e>ly habits c]ta9ly e/abli% v extraord9>y peculi>ities 9 diff]5t c\ntries ) respect to v>i\s objects ( diet & luxury3 :at %all we say ( ! ref9em5t ( ! ,anci5ts :o reg>d$ ! flav\r ( ! ,citron ) disgu/1 :ile ! od\r ( putrid fi% 0 deem$ by !m s exquisite1 t !y c>ri$ x ab\t 9 caskets ( onyx z a fav\rite p]fume6 ,cu/om makes ! ,gre5l&] reli% 8 tra9 oil2 & ,dr4 ,heb]d5 tells u1 t !re is a t[n 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 :]e ! spr+-wat] is bracki%1 & t1 :5 ! inhabitants visit any o!r prov9ce1 !y *oose to put salt into _! tea or pun*1 9 ord]1 z !y say1 8to make x ta/e z x %\ld d40#bij ,,climate4 ,sev]al obs]vations h already be5 (f]$ ^u ! influ5ce ( ,climate 9 affect+ ! activity ( our rem$ies4#bia ,) reg>d to its relations to ,dose1 ,i h only "o rem>k to make to ! ,engli% practition]1 & t by ! way ( caution1 t he w n all[ 8 own previ\s exp]i5ce 9 hot climates1 or ! p]suasions ( o!r tropical practition]s to induce him to adm9i/] su* doses ( ,m]cury1 9 ,engl&1 z may h be5 f\nd salut>y 9 ,india1 or 9 o!r ,colonies ( simil> temp]ature4 ,! popul> s*eme ( ,gaubius = graduat+ ! doses ( m$ic9e to diff]5t ages1 :i* 0 publi%$ 9 sev]al ( ! =m] editions ( ?is "w1 is n[ omitt$1 z be+ less easy ( application ?an ! foll[+ simple =mula by ,dr4 ,"y4 ,,rule4 ,= *ildr5 "u twelve ye>s1 ! doses ( mo/ ,m$ic9es mu/ be dim9i%$ 9 ! proportion ( ! ,age1 to ! ,age increas$ by #ab4 ?us at two ye>s to --viz4 #b #a ------------ -- #b #ab #g ,at #ba ! full dose may be giv54 ,e g5]al rule h[ev] respect+ ! doses ( m$ic9es w h exceptions4 ,?us *ildr5 w be> l>g] doses ( ,calomel ?an ev5 adults1 & _m m$ic9es :i* d n affect adults1 al?\gh exhibit$ 9 consid]able quantities1 prove injuri\s ev5 9 small doses to *ildr54#bib ,9 conclud+ ?is "p ( ! subject1 x is prop] to impress ^u ! practition] ! importance ( writ+ 8 prescriptions 9 legible *>act]s1 & ( avoid+ all ^? abbreviations :i* are n g5]ally und]/ood1 or :i* are capable ( miscon/ruction4#bic ,,on ,,! ,,p>ticul> ,,=ms ,,( ,,rem$ies1 ,,& ,,! ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples ,,^u ,,:i* ,,_! ,,con/ruction ,,& ,,adm9i/ration ,,are ,,to ,,be ,,regulat$4 ,,solid ,,=ms4 ,,pulv]es4 ,p[d]s4 ,! =m ( p[d] is 9 _m cases ! mo/ effici5t & eligible mode 9 :i* a m$ic9al sub/ance c be exhibit$1 m especially "u ! foll[+ circum/ances4 #a4 ,simple ,p[d]s4 #a4 ,:5ev] a rem$y requires ! comb9ation ( all1 or mo/ ( its pr9ciples1 to ensure its full effects1 z ,b>k1 ,ipecacuan1 ,jalap1 c4 #b4 ,:]e m$ic9al bodies are insoluble1 & indispos$ to und]go ^? ess5tial *anges1 9 transitu1 :i* r5d] !m op]ative2 = x mu/ be rememb]$ t by m9ute division1 e p>ticle is pres5t$ to ! /oma* 9 a /ate ( activity1 be+ m imm$iately expos$ to ! solv5t or decompos+ p[]s ( t organ4 #c4 ,:]e ! me*anical condition ( ! sub/ance is su* z to occasion irritation#bid ( ! /oma*1 z ! ,sulphuretum ,antimonii1 or 9 ext]nal applications to produce an improp] effect ^u ! sk91 z ,hydr>gyri nitrico-oxydum4 ,! degree ( f95ess to :i* sub/ances %\ld be r$uc$ by pulv]ization1 9 ord] to obta9 _! utmo/ efficacy1 is a v important "q4 ,! impalpable =m appe>s to be extremely injuri\s to "s bodies1 z to c9*ona1 rhub>b1 guaiacum1 & to c]ta9 aromatics1 9 consequ5ce1 probably1 ( an ess5tial "p ( _! sub/ance be+ dissipat$1 or *emically *ang$ by ! op]ation4 ,fabbroni1 = in/ance1 f\nd by exp]im5t t c9*ona yield$ a mu* l>g] proportion ( soluble extractive1 :5 only co>sely p[d]$4 ,i ?9k x may be laid d[n z a g5]al rule1 t extreme pulv]ization assi/s ! op]ation ( all sub/ances ^: active pr9ciples are n easily soluble1 & ( comp\nd p[d]s ^: +r$i5ts require1 = _! activity1 an int]mixture2 :il/ x c]ta9ly injures1 if x does n de/roy1 ! virtues ( su* z conta9 z _! active con/itu5t1 a volatile pr9ciple :i* is easily dissipat$1 or extractive matt] :i* is readily oxidiz$4 #b4 ,comp\nd ,p[d]s4 ,! dis9tegration ( a sub/ance is mu* accel]at$ & ext5d$ by ! addition ( o!r mat]ials2 h5ce ! ph>maceutical aphorism ( ,gaubius1 8,cel]ior atque facilior succ$at composita1 quam simplex pulv]isatio40 ,?us sev]al refractory vegetable bodies1 z myrrh1 gamboge1 c4 are easily r$uc$ by triturat+ !m ) sug> or a h>d gum2 & "s gum res9s1 z assaftida or scammony1 by ! addition ( a few drops ( almond oil4 ,^u ! same pr9ciple ! ,ph>macopia directs ! trituration ( aloes ) clean :ite s&1 9 ! process = prep>+ ,v9um ,aloes1 to facilitate ! pulv]ization & to prev5t ! p>ticles ( aloes1 :5 moi/5$ by ! liquid1 f runn+ toge!r into masses2 "s disp5s]s v judici\sly adopt ! same me*anical exp$i5t 9 mak+ a t9cture ( myrrh2 s aga91 9 ord]+ a wat]y infusion ( opium1 x w be judici\s to advise ! previ\s trituration ( ! opium ) "s h>d & insoluble sub/ance1 z direct$ 9 ! ,pulvis ,cornu ,u/i cum ,opio1 o!rwise its p>ticles w adh]e ) t5acity1 & ! wat] be accord+ly unable to ex]t a solv5t op]ation ^u its sub/ance4#bie ,x is equally evid5t t 9 ! con/ruction ( comp\nd m$ic9al p[d]s1 ! addition ( an in]t +r$i5t1 :i* ! m]e *emi/ might condemn & disc>d z useless1 n unfrequ5tly acts a v important "p 9 ! comb9ation1 ow+ to its effects 9 divid+ & comm9ut+ ! m]e active con/itu5ts3 ! sulphate ( potass 9 ,dov]'s p[d] acts m]ely 9 divid+ & mix+ m intimately ! p>ticles ( opium & ipecacuan3 ! phosphate ( lime appe>s to act 9 ! same me*anical mann] 9 ! ,antimonial ,p[d]2 s aga91 9 ! ,pulvis ,contraj]v compositus1 ! prep>$ oy/] %ells may be a necess>y +r$i5t3 9 ! ,pulvis ,jalap compositus ( ! ,ed9burgh ,college1 ! cream ( t>t> greatly increases ! activity ( ! jalap1 by break+ d[n its sub/ance & divid+ its p>ticles2 & ,van ,swiet5 obs]ves t ! op]ation ( ?is res9\s purgative is improv$ by bruis+ x ) sug>1 & add+ "s aromatic4 ,! old comb9ation ( ,pulvis ,helvetii consi/$ ( alum & dragon's blood1 & !re c be no d\bt b t ! effect ( ?is latt] +r$i5t1 :i* has be5 (t5 ridicul$1 0 to ret>d ! solution ( alum 9 ! /oma*1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ! prep>ation 0 likely to produce less inconv5i5ce1 & c\ld !re=e be adm9i/]$ 9 l>g] doses2 ! ,ed9burgh college has sub/itut$ gum ,k9o 9 _! ,pulvis ,alum9is compositus1 :i* may h ! same effect 9 modify+ ! solubility ( ! alum4 ,9 rubb+ toge!r diff]5t sub/ances1 x is necess>y to rememb] t !re are _m sal9e bodies1 :i* 9 ! dry /ate become moi/ & ev5 liquid1 by triture ) ea* o!r1 & t1 "u su* circum/ances1 !y are susceptible ( mutual decomposition4 ,?is *ange is effect$ by ! action ( wat]1 d]iv$ f ! foll[+ s\rces4 #a4 ,f ! wat] ( cry/allization4 ,?is always op]ates :5 ! proportion conta9$ 9 ! orig9al +r$i5ts is great] ?an t :i* ! products c dispose (2 t is to say1 :5ev] ! capacity ( ! new comp\nd = wat] is less ?an t ( ! orig9al +r$i5ts4 ,by previ\sly driv+ (f ?is wat] by heat1 we %all ( c\rse avoid su* a s\rce ( solution1 & no liquefaction c ensue4 ,?us1 if rec5tly burnt quick-lime be triturat$ ) calomel1 ! result+ mixture w be :ite1 %ew+ t no decomposition c h aris51 b add a few drops ( wat]1 & x in/antly assumes a d>k aspect4 ,if cry/alliz$ sulphate ( copp] be triturat$ ) ,acetate ( lead1 ! result+ mixture w assume a f9e gre5 col\r1 b if ! sulphate ( copp] be previ\sly heat$1 & its wat] ( cry/allization driv5 (f1 no *ange ( col\r w be produc$2 if1 = ,acetate ( lead1 we sub/itute muriate ( lime1 & ! sulphate ( copp] be cry/alliz$1 we %all obta9 a result ( a yell[ col\r1 b if ! sulphate ( copp] be anhydr\s1 ! product w be col\rless1 becom+ h[ev] in/antly yell[1 l ! =m]1 on ! addition ( a drop ( wat]2 & on a fur!r addition ( ?is fluid1 ! yell[ product 9 bo? in/ances w be r5d]$ blue2 :i* proves t a *emical decomposition has tak5 place1 & a muriate ( copp] result$2 = ?is salt is r5d]$ yell[ by a small1 & blue by a l>g] proportion ( wat]4 ,! ,cuprum ,ammoniatum pres5ts ano!r illu/ration1 = ! +r$i5ts1 :5 rubb$ toge!r1 become extremely moi/1 & und]go a *emical decomposition4 ,c]ta9 res9\s bodies also1 z myrrh1 become liquid by triture ) alkal9e salts1 9 :i* case ! res9 & alkali =m a soluble comp\nd1 :i* ! wat] ( cry/allization1 ?us set at lib]ty1 in/antly dissolves4 #b4 ,f aque\s vap\r 9 ! atmosph]e4 ,! wat] ( ! atmosph]e does n act ^u ^! occasions1 unless x be fir/ attract$ & absorb$ by "o ( ! triturat$ bodies2 e4 g4 if ,acetate ( lead & rec5tly burnt alum be triturat$ toge!r1 no *ange w be produc$2 b1 if ! burnt alum be previ\sly expos$ = a %ort "t to ! atmosph]e1 ^! bodies w1 9 t case1 become liquid4 ,! physician1 )\t ?is *emical k1 w be (t5 betray$ into ! mo/ ridicul\s blund]s1 an in/ance ( :i* v lately came to my k 9 a prescription = ! relief ( c>dialgia & con/ipation1 9 ! case ( dyspepsia2 x direct$ sulphate ( soda & c>bonate ( potass1 9 ! =m ( a p[d]1 b ! fiat ( ! physician1 ^u ?is occasion1 only s]v$ to excite ! ridicule ( ! disp5s]1 :o soon discov]$ t ! +r$i5ts 9 8 mort> dissolv$ into liquid4 ,dur+ ! exhibition ( p[d]s conta9+ insoluble matt]1 x is always important to ma9ta9 a regul>ity 9 ! alv9e excretions1 or an accumulation may take place att5d$ ) v di/ress+ symptoms4 ,dr4 ,fo!rgill relates a case ( ?is k9d :i* succe$$ ! use ( p[d]$ b>k2 & ,mr4 ,e4 ,br&e has communicat$ a simil> in/ance ( me*anical ob/ruction1 produc$ by ! habitual use ( magnesia4 ,i c\ld also add1 if x 7 necess>y1 "s /rik+ facts ( a simil> t5d5cy1 :i* occurr$ f eat+ bread t _h be5 adult]at$ ) pulv]iz$ felsp>4 ,! precaution seems m p>ticul>ly necess>y 9 ! case ( *ildr51 ^: b[els are v impati5t ( extrane\s & insoluble cont5ts4#bif ,! dose ( a p[d] ought n to exce$ j2 &1 :5 tak51 %\ld be diffus$ 9 wat]1 w9e1 or any o!r conv5i5t liquid2 res9\s & metallic p[d]s require a ?ick & consi/5t vehicle1 z syrup or honey1 s9ce !y subside f ^? :i* are m fluid4 ,,pilul4 ,pills4 ,^! are masses ( a consi/5ce suffici5t to pres]ve ! globul> =m1 & yet n s h>d z to be ( too difficult solution 9 ! /oma*4 ,! subject (f]s "s extremely int]e/+ po9ts ( inquiry4 ,! foll[+ g5]al rules w enable ! practition] to select ^? sub/ances to :i* ! =m ( pill is adapt$1 & to reject ^? to :i* x is n suitable1 z well z to direct1 extemporane\sly1 ! mo/ effici5t mode ( prep>ation4 ,i4 ,,! ,,selection ,,( ,,sub/ances4 #a4 ,suitable ,sub/ances are1 #a1 ,all rem$ies :i* op]ate 9 small doses1 z ,metallic ,salts2 & #b1 ,^? :i* are design$ to act sl[ly & gradually1 z c]ta9 ,alt]ative ,m$ic9es1 or #c1 :i* are too easily soluble :5 exhibit$ 9 o!r =ms1 z ,gamboge1 c4 #d1 ,sub/ances :i* are n int5d$ to act until !y rea* ! l>g] inte/9es1 z 9 pills = habitual co/iv5ess2 see ,aloes4 #e1 ,bodies ^: specific gravities are too consid]able to all[ _! susp5sion 9 aque\s vehicles4 ,effloresc5t salts may also be exhibit$ 9 ?is =m1 b !y ought to be fir/ depriv$ ( _! wat] ( cry/allization1 or ! pills compos$ ( !m w crumble into p[d] z !y dry4 #b4 ,unsuitable ,sub/ances are1 #a1 ,^? :i* op]ate only 9 l>ge doses4 #b1 ,:i* deliquesce4 #c1 ,^: consi/5ce is su* z to require a v l>ge proportion ( dry p[d]s to af=d !m a suitable t5acity1 z oils1 balsams1 c4 #d1 ,sub/ances t are s extremely insoluble1 t :5 exhibit$ 9 a solid =m !y pass ?r\gh ! canal unalt]$1 z c]ta9 extracts4 ,_m rem$ies :i* are incompatible ) ea* o!r 9 solution1 may be comb9$ 9 pills1 unless inde$ _! m$ic9al p[]s are adv]se or inconsi/5t1 or _! divell5t aff9ities suffici5tly p[]ful to ov]come _! /ate ( aggregation4 ,,ii4 ,,_! ,,=mation ,,into ,,masses4 ,?is is a subject ( f> great] importance ?an is usually assign$ to x1 z w be m fully expla9$ 9 ! sequel4 #a4 ,_m sub/ances1 z vegetable extracts1 may be =m$ into pills )\t any addition2 o!rs1 z gum res9s1 become suffici5tly s(t by be+ beat51 or by ! addition ( a drop or two ( _s1 or liquor potass4 ,"s dry sub/ances react ^u ea* o!r1 & produce1 )\t ! addition ( any =eign matt]1 s(t & appropriate masses4 ,! ,pilul ,f]ri ,composit1 ( our ,ph>macopia af=d a v /rik+ example ( ?is peculi> *ange ( consi/5ce1 :i* ! mutual reaction ( ! +r$i5ts produces by simple triture4 ,! ,pilul ,aloes ,composit (f] ano!r in/ance2 = ! extract ( g5tian1 ^u be+ triturat$ ) aloes1 produces a v s(t mass1 s t ! addition ( a syrup1 z direct$ by ! ,ph>macopia1 is q unnecess>y4 ,see ,=m3 #ab4 #b4 ,_m sub/ances are1 9 !mselves1 s untractable1 t ! addition ( "s matt] =eign to ! active +r$i5ts1 is absolutely ess5tial = imp>t+ conv5i5ce ( =m4 ,x is g5]ally consid]$ t v little skill & judgm5t is requir$ 9 ! selection ( su* a sub/ance1 provid$ x c fulfil ! me*anical int5tion j allud$ to--! fact h[ev] is1 t ! m$ic9al p[] ( ! pill may be mat]ially controll$1 modifi$1 or ev5 subv]t$1 by ! mode 9 :i* x is =m$ into a mass4 ,:]e ! active elem5t ( a pill is likely to be improv$ by m9ute division1 a gummy or res9\s con/itu5t may be usefully select$3 "u ! hi/ory ( ,aloes1 ,i h allud$ to a popul> pill1 kn[n by ! "n ( ! d9n]-pill1 9 :i* case ! ma/i*e divides ! p>ticles ( ! aloes1 & modifies ! solubility ( ! mass4 ,! ,pilul ,opii ( ! =m] ,ph>macopia ( ,london1 consi/$ ( equal proportions ( opium & extract ( liquorice1 & ! mass 0 s insoluble t its effects 7 extremely unc]ta9 & prec>i\s2 9 ! pres5t edition1 soap has be5 v judici\sly sub/itut$2 b 9 c]ta9 cases :]e we wi% to protract ! influ5ce ( opium1 or t ( any o!r active body1 s z n to obta9 its full effects at once1 we may v advantage\sly modify its solubility by comb9+ x ) a gum res9 or "s sub/ance :i* w h ! effect ( ret>d+ its solution 9 ! /oma*4 ,! ,pilul ,/yrace ( ! ,dubl9 college1 pres5ts itself z an effici5t example ( ?is species ( ph>maceutical address2 see also ,=m4 #aj1 #aa1 #ab4 ,i am well acqua9t$ ) _m =mul ^: utility has be5 sanction$ by exp]i5ce1 & ,i h no hesitation 9 believ+ t _! salut>y mode ( op]ation w\ld receive a plausible explanation f ?is simple law ( comb9ation4 ,dr4 ,"y has v ju/ly /at$ 9 8 ,m$ical ,lit]ature1#big t ! balsam ( copaiba envelopes metallic salts1 s z to less5 _! activity2 he says t ! sub-c>bonate ( iron1 made into pills ) copaiba1 0 giv5 = "s weeks )\t any app>5t effect2 & t a few h\rs aft] ! same quantity _h be5 giv51 ) gum only1 ! fces 7 p]fectly black4 ,i d n "k a m /rik+ & in/ructive pro( ( ! influ5ce ( a glut9\s or viscid con/itu5t1 9 wrapp+ up a metallic salt1 & def5d+ ! /oma* f its action1 ?an is pres5t$ 9 ! case publi%$ by ! m$ical att5dant ,mr4 ,m>%all1 9 consequ5ce ( ! attempt ( ,eliz4 ,f5n+ to poison ! family ( ,mr4 ,turn] ( ,*anc]y-lane by ars5ic1 :i* %e provid5tially adm9i/]$ 9 a heavy yea/ dumpl+4 ,soap is v frequ5tly us$ = ! =mation ( pill-masses1 & x is an excell5t con/itu5t = sub/ances likely to be injur$ by meet+ ) an acid 9 ! prim vi2 _m res9\s bodies may also be r$uc$ to a prop] consi/5ce by soap1 al?\gh 9 prescrib+ x1 its levity %\ld be att5d$ to1 or o!rwise ! pills w be too bulky2 9 g5]al x w comb9e ) an equal portion ( any res9\s p[d]1 z ,rhub>b1 ,jalap1 c42 x is ( c\rse ineligible :]e ! sub/ances are decompos$ by alkalies1 z ,t>t>iz$ ,antimony2 ?is la/ precaution w also apply to aromatic confection z a vehicle1 on acc\nt ( ! c>bonate ( lime conta9$ 9 x4 ,! ,cons]ve ( ,roses has ! advantage ( reta9+ its consi/5cy mu* long] ?an mucilage1 b z x conta9s an uncomb9$ acid1 x is frequ5tly inadmissible2 x c\ld n = in/ance be ) propriety employ$ ) ! precipitat$ sulphuret ( antimony4 ,pills made ) mucilage1 are apt to crumble :5 !y are roll$ out2 ?is is ! case ) ! ,pilul ,hydr>gyri submuriatis2 "s extract !re=e w\ld be a m conv5i5t con/itu5t2 9 ?is p>ticul> case1 h[ev]1 ! addition ( a few drops ( _s w\ld sup]s$e ! necessity ( any con/itu5t4 ,ca/or oil1 9 "s cases1 especially ) "s ( ! h>d] purgative extracts1 w imp>t an eligible consi/5ce4 ,crumb ( bread1 furni%es a conv5i5t vehicle = ^? salts :i* are pond]\s1 active 9 v small doses1 or :i* are liable to be decompos$ by o!r vehicles2 b an objection is atta*$ ev5 to ?is1 = x is liable to become s dry & h>d :5 kept1 t pills made ) x w frequ5tly pass undissolv$4 ,sw$iaur m5tions ?is fact ) ref]5ce to ,pl5ck's m]curial pill1 z well z to "o ( corrosive sublimate1 & he proposes = ?is reason to sub/itute />*2 ! addition h[ev] ( a small portion ( sug> w prev5t ! bread f becom+ ?us indurat$1 & ) su* a precaution x may be v safely employ$4 ,= ! purpose ( =m+ active vegetable p[d]s into pills1 su* z ,digitalis1 ,conium1 c41 ,i am in=m$ by ,mr4 ,hume ( ,long ,acre1 t 9 8 exp]i5ce melasses or treacle is ! be/ con/itu5t t c be select$1 = x und]goes no decomposition by "t1 b ma9ta9s a prop] consi/5cy1 & pres]ves ! s5sible qualities ( ! plant q unimpair$ = _m ye>s4 ,i h deposit$ 9 ! cab9et ( ! ,college1 specim5s ( su* pills1 ( hemlock & foxglove1 :i* reta9 ! *>act]i/ic od\r ( ^! vegetables1 not)/&+ !y h be5 n[ made = sev]al ye>s4 ,honey has likewise ! prop]ty ( pres]v+ vegetable sub/ances2 se$s may be kept 9 x = any l5g? ( "t1 "s ( :i*1 on be+ tak5 out1 wa%$1 & plant$1 w ev5 vegetate4 ,x has also be5 us$ = ! pres]vation ( animal matt]2 ! bodies ( ! ,sp>tan k+s1 :o fell at a di/ance 9 battle1 7 ?us pres]v$1 9 ord] t !y might be c>ri$ home4#bih ,wat] w on "s occasions be f\nd a conv5i5t exp$i5t2 p[d]$ ,rhub>b or ,jalap may be ?us made into masses )\t any increase ( bulk1 b ! pills w be apt1 if kept1 to become m\ldy4 #c4 ,9 ! =mation ( pills ! +r$i5ts %\ld be ha/ily rubb$ toge!r1 :5ev] !y are liable to be injur$ by long exposure to ! air2 ?us 9 ! =mation ( ,pilul ,hydr>gyri submuriatis composit1 ! comp\nd is r5d]$ less active by too long cont9u$ triture4 ,see ,pulv]es4 #d4 ,9 divid+ pill-masses1 x is usual to add to !m1 & envelope !m 91 magnesia2 :]e calomel is pres5t1 ,i h satisfi$ myself by exp]im5t t a muriate ( magnesia is =m$ "u su* circum/ances1 & x is ow+ to ?is p>tial decomposition1 t ! surface ( ! pill exhibits a gre5i% hue2 />*1 p[d] ( liquorice1#bii or orrice root1 might p]haps "u su* circum/ances be m judici\sly pref]r$4 ,9 ,g]many1 ! p[d] ( ,lycopodium is g5]ally us$4 ,=m]ly1 ! pill 0 cov]$ ) gold leaf1 :i* protect$ x f ! influ5ce ( ! /oma*1 & frequ5tly r5d]$ x unavail+4 ,x has be5 obs]v$ t _m ( ! pill-masses direct$ 9 our ,ph>macopias1 are liable to become s h>d#cjj & dry by be+ kept1 t !y are unfit = t division = :i* !y 7 orig9ally int5d$2 inde$ ,dr4 ,p[el consid]s x d\btful :e!r ! great] numb] ( articles _h n bett] be kept 9 p[d]1 & _! application to ! =mation ( pills left to extemporane\s direction2 ! necessity ( ?is is f>!r app>5t1 :5 we le>n t x is a common practice = ! disp5s] to s(t5 ^! masses by ! application ( a hot spatula1 or pe/le1 :i* sometimes c>bonizes1 & frequ5tly decomposes !m4 ,,iii4 ,,_! ,,=m ,,( ,,prescription4 ,9 our extemporane\s directions1 x is necess>y to apportion ) accuracy ! quantity ( active mat]ials :i* we may wi% ea* pill to conta91 & s9ce ! proportion ( ! con/itu5t c r>ely be exactly def9$1 ! equable division ( ! :ole mass1 into a giv5 numb] ( pills1 w be saf] ?an def9+ ! weight ( ea* pill4 ,a pill1 ! bulk ( ^: +r$i5t is vegetable matt]1 ought n to exce$ five gra9s 9 weight1 b :]e ! sub/ances :i* compose x are metallic & pond]\s1 x may )\t inconv5i5ce weigh six or ev5 eight gra9s4 ,,tro*isci4 ,tro*es1 or ,loz5ges4 ,z ^! are reg>d$ z objects r ( confection>y ?an ( ph>macy1 ! ,london & ,dubl9 ,colleges h n condesc5d$ to notice !m2 ! ,ed9burgh ,ph>macopia1 h[ev]1 conta9s sev]al =mul = _! prep>ation2 & z ! =m ( loz5ge (f]s a v commodi\s & efficaci\s me?od ( adm9i/]+ c]ta9 rem$ies1 ! !ory ( its op]ation des]ves "s notice 9 ! pres5t "w4 ,x is pr9cipally useful 9 cases :]e x is an object t ! rem$y %\ld pass gradually into ! /oma*1 9 ord] to act z p[]fully z possible ^u ! ph>ynx & top ( ! tra*ea1 z 9 c]ta9 demulc5ts or a/r+5ts2 = in/ance1 ,nitre1 :5 int5d$ to op]ate 9 relax$ or inflam$ /ates ( ! tonsils1 is be/ appli$ 9 ?is mann]2 s is ,sulphate ( ,z9c 9 *ronic c\ghs1 att5d$ ) inord9ate secretion4 ,9 ord] to ret>d z long z possible ! solution ( ! loz5ge 9 ! m\?1 x ought to be compos$ ( sev]al demulc5t sub/ances1 su* z f>9ace\s matt]1 sug>1 gum1 & is+lass2 = su* a mixture w be f\nd to answ] ! purpose bett] ?an any "o ( ^! articles tak5 by itself2 ?us ! f>9ace\s matt] w prev5t ! sug> & ! gum f be+ too soon dissolv$2 ! viscidity ( ! sug> & gum w prev5t ! f>9ace\s matt] f be+ swall[$ z soon z x w\ld o!rwise be2 & ! is+lass w give a s(tness to ! :ole1 & ?us prev5t any %>p po9ts f /imulat+ ! membrane4 ,,suppositoria4 ,suppositories4 ,?is =m ( prep>ation is v anci5t1 & al?\gh x has ( late ye>s fall5 into disuse1 x af=ds an efficaci\s mode ( adm9i/]+ _m p[]ful rem$ies1 & 9 "s in/ances ( produc+ effects :i* ! same m$ic9e w\ld n comm& if giv5 9 any o!r =m3 besides :i*1 x is f\nd t aft] ! /oma* by long use has lo/ its susceptibility to ! action ( m$ic9e1 su* a sub/ance w op]ate ) fre% & unabat$ =ce if appli$ to ! rectum4 ,!re are two great indications :i* ,suppositories are calculat$ to fulfil1 viz4 #a1 ,! alleviation ( pa9 & irritation1 especially :5 x arises f diseases ( ! bladd]1 pro/ate gl&1 ut]us1 & o!r p>ts 9 ! vic9ity4 ,abortion may be ?us frequ5tly prev5t$4 ,to fulfil ^! int5tions1 a mixture ( opium ) two p>ts ( soap1 w be f\nd eligible4 ,i c recomm5d su* an application f a well gr\nd$ exp]i5ce 9 its efficacy4 #b1 ,! production ( ,ca?>sis4 ,9 cases ( ,apoplexy1 f ! c\nt]-irritation :i* ^! rem$ies are likely to occasion1 mu* advantage may arise2 & 9 ! failure ( m common measures1 !y may be appli$ ) c]ta9 success 9 ! cure ( ,asc>ides2 see ,=mula #adf4 ,:]e a v effici5t ,suppository is requir$1 "o or two gra9s ( ,elat]ium rubb$ up ) eight gra9s ( h>d soap1 w pres5t u ) a comb9ation ( great utility4 ,,electu>ia4 ,electu>ies4 ,?is is an anci5t =m ( prescription2 = al?\gh ! t]m 8,elect>ium0 is fir/ us$ by ,clius ,aurelianus1 yet ! ( ,hippocrates1 & ! ,antidotus1 ,confectio1 ,mi?ridatium1 ,diascordium1 ,opiatum1 ,orvietanum1 ,philonium1 ,!riaca1 & ,requies ( o!r au?ors1 7 all ,electu>ies4 ,!y diff] f ,cons]ves 9 ?is1 t ! sug> 9 ! latt] prep>ations is 9 a great] proportion1 & is int5d$ to pres]ve ! +r$i5ts2 :]eas 9 ! =m]1 x is m]ely int5d$ to imp>t conv5i5ce ( =m2 see ,confectiones4 ,electu>ies are 9 g5]al1 extemporane\s prep>ations1 compos$ ( dry p[d]s1 =m$ into a prop] consi/5ce by ! addition ( syrup1 honey1 or mucilage2 :5 h[ev] ! latt] sub/ance is employ$1 ! electu>y v soon becomes dry & h>d3 & :5 common syrup is us$1 ! comp\nd is apt to c&y1 & 9 a day or two to gr[ too h>d = use2 ?is is ow+ to ! cry/allization ( ! sug>2 ,deyeux !re=e /ates1 t ! syrup %\ld be previ\sly expos$ to ! heat ( a /ove s long z x =ms any cry/als1 & t ! residual liquor1 :i* f ! pres5ce ( "s vegetable acid has no t5d5cy to cry/allize1 may !n be advantage\sly appli$2--,melasses or ,treacle may 9 "s cases be employ$1 & f exp]im5ts :i* ,i h repeat$ ) "s c>e1 ,i am enabl$ to /ate t ! peculi> flav\r ( ?is liquid is entirely remov$ by a simple op]ation1 :i* consi/s 9 dilut+ x ) an equal weight ( wat]1 & !n boil+ x ) ab\t "o eigh? "p ( p[d]$ *>coal = half an h\r1 :5 ! liquor is to be /ra9$1 & r$uc$ by g5tle evaporation to a prop] consi/5ce2#cja & moreov] x appe>s1 t active vegetable p[d]s reta9 _! *>act]i/ic qualities :5 imm]s$ 9 treacle1 long] ?an 9 any o!r excipi5t4 ,9 select+ & prescrib+ ?is =m ( exhibition1 ! foll[+ g5]al rules %\ld be obs]v$4 ,i4 ,^? sub/ances :i* are nause\s1 deliquesc5t1 :i* require to be giv5 9 l>ge doses1 or :i* are incapable ( =m+ an intimate union ) syrup1 z fix$ oils1 balsams1 c4 %\ld nev] be prescrib$ 9 ! =m ( an electu>y4 ,,ii4 ,! quantity ( syrup direct$ mu/ be regulat$ by ! nature & specific gravities ( ! sub/ances :i* ent] into _! composition1 viz4 #a4 ,dry ,vegetable ,p[d]s require twice _! weight ( syrup1 or ( honey4 #b4 ,gummy & ,res9\s ,p[d]s require an equal weight4 #c4 ,h>d ,m9]al ,sub/ances %\ld be =m$ into an electu>y ) "s cons]ve1 z !y are too pond]\s to rema9 susp5d$ 9 syrup4 ,x des]ves also to be notic$1 t 9 consequ5ce ( ! read9ess ) :i* metallic prep>ations und]go *ange1 x w be g5]ally adviseable to keep ! active +r$i5ts 9 ! =m ( p[d]1 & to add !m to ! syrup only j be=e !y are requir$2 ! ,electu>y ( ! ,fr5* ,ph>macopia1 :i* is commonly call$ 8,opiata ,mes5t]ica10 w furni% a good example1 8quantumvis molle fu]it rec5s1 progressu temporis1 ob f]rum quod ipsi ine/1 mir indurescit40 ,,liquid ,,=ms4 ,,mi/ur4 ,mixtures4 ,^! prep>ations are g5]ally extemporane\s1 9 :i* diff]5t +r$i5ts are m+l$ toge!r 9 ! liquid =m1 or1 9 :i* solid sub/ances are diffus$ ?r\gh liquid1 by ! m$ium ( mucilage or syrup3 = prescrib+ mixtures ! foll[+ g5]al rules may be laid d[n4 ,i4 ,sub/ances :i* are capable ( ent]+ into *emical comb9ation1 or ( decompos+ ea* o!r1 ought n to be mix$ toge!r1 unless x be ) a view ( obta9+ ! new products z a rem$y4 ,,ii4 ,transp>5cy is n a necess>y condition1#cjb & h5ce insoluble p[d]s may be advantage\sly introduc$ into mixtures1 if ! foll[+ precautions be obs]v$4 #a4 ,!y mu/ be divisible & me*anically miscible 9 ! liquid4 #b4 ,!y mu/ n possess too great a specific gravity4 #c4 ,!y mu/ n r5d] ! liquid too mucilag9\s or ?ick2 ?us1 fj %\ld seldom conta9 m ?an ss ( a vegetable p[d]1 ij ( an electu>y1 & cons]ve2 or grs4 xv1 or j ( an extract4 ,,iii4 ,! ta/e1 ! smell1 & ! g5]al aspect ( ! mixture %\ld be r5d]$ z pleasant z possible2 ?us milk cov]s ! ta/e ( b>k1 ( ! t9ctures ( guaiacum & val]ian1 & t ( lime wat]2 & a light decoction ( ! liquorice root disguises a bitt] ta/e m effectually ?an sug>4 ,! ,physician may also produce occasional *anges 9 ! appe>ance ( 8 mixture1 9 ord] to reconcile a delicate ta/e to its cont9uance2 he nev] ought h[ev] to alt] ! ess5tial "p ( plans :i* he f9ds advantage\s4 ,a ,,draught diff]s m]ely f a mixture 9 quantity2 x is usually tak5 at once1 & %\ld n exce$ fiss2 x %\ld be always pref]r$ :51 #a4 ,! rem$y is to be tak5 9 a precise dose4 #b4 ,:5ev] x is liable to spontane\s decomposition4 #c4 ,:5ev] ! action ( ! atmosph]e occasions *ange4 ,9 apportion+ ! dose ( mixtures1 ! foll[+ proportions are admissible1 al?\gh n p]fectly accurate4 ,a ,,table ,,spoon full 7,co*le>e ,amplum7 fss4 ,,dess]t ,,spoon 7,co*le>e ,m$iocre7 m ?an fij4 ,,tea ,,spoon 7,co*le>e ,m9imum7 fj4 ,a ,,w9e ,,glass 7,cya?us7 al?\gh v v>iable1 may be e/imat$ z conta9+ fiss4 ,! cu/om ( measur+ ! dose ( a liquid by dropp+ x f ! m\? ( a phial is v errone\s2#cjc x w !re=e be prop] to dilute an active m$ic9e t is to be s apportion$1 ) at lea/ a triple quantity ( wat]1 t its real dose may n be ess5tially alt]$ by any slight v>iation 9 ! quantity4 ,! temp]ature at :i* a liquid m$ic9e %\ld be giv5 may p]haps m]it a few obs]vations4 ,9 g5]al1 ! ord9>y degree ( heat is t :i* w be/ answ] ! int5tion1 b 9 cases ( dyspepsia1 ! s5se ( weight & uneas9ess1 :i* (t5 foll[s a dose ( m$ic9e1 w be prev5t$ by giv+ x 9 a tepid /ate4 ,?is rem>k w apply to ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,decoction ( ,s>sap>illa2 ,refrig]ants %\ld ( c\rse be giv5 z cool z possible2 ,camomile ,infusion1 & o!r vegetable ,ptisans1 :i* are design$ to promote ! op]ation ( an emetic1 w be m effici5t :5 w>m4 ,9 delicate *lorotic females ,i h sometimes f\nd *alybeate draughts n only m efficaci\s1 b less di/ress+ to ! /oma*1 :5 exhibit$ 9 a tepid /ate4 ,,enemata4 ,cly/]s4#cjd 8,lavam5ta40 ,?is =m ( apply+ a m$ic9e furni%es ! practition] ) _m valuable res\rces1 al?\gh ! rem$y has n escap$ its due %>e ( p]secution4 ,p>acelsus be/[$ ^u x ! epi!t 8turpissimum m$icam5tum10 & ,van ,helmont t ( 8pud5dum m$icorum subsidium40 ,x is calculat$ to fulfil ! foll[+ indications1 viz4 #a4 ,to promote ! t>dy op]ation ( a ,ca?>tic1 or to evacuate ! b[els1 :]e1 f delicacy ( /oma*1 m$ic9es _c be reta9$1 or f debility ( body !y _c be safely adm9i/]$4 ,9 ! adm9i/ration ( a rem$y ( ?is k9d1 !re are two ess5tial circum/ances1 indep5d5t ( ! /r5g? ( its +r$i5ts1 :i* w modify its activity1 viz4 ,,impulse & ,,quantity1 by :i* we obta9 ! /imulus ( di/5tion2 w>m wat] )\t any adjunct may ?us be made ! means ( ov]com+ ^? unrel5t+ ob/ructions1 :i* _h refus$ ob$i5ce to m common measures3 ,cly/]s1 h[ev]1 :5 mo/ =cibly urg$1 r>ely rea* beyond ! sigmoid flexure ( ! colon1 & yet :5 ! l>ge/ quantity ( fluid :i* ! b[els w admit is introduc$ ) consid]able impulse1 ! local impression is s p[]ful t x is at once ext5d$ by ! m$ium ( sympa?y1 ?r\gh ! :ole ( ! alim5t>y canal1 & v ?or\gh & copi\s dis*>ges result4 #b4 ,to induce extreme relaxation3 ,:i* is be/ effect$ by an infusion ( ,tobacco4 ,see ,tabaci ,folia4 #c4 ,to produce ,a/r+5t & ,anodyne1 or ,c>m9ative effects4 ,common />*1 ) ! addition ( ,t9cture ( ,opium1 is ! mo/ common & conv5i5t =m = ?is purpose4 ,see also ,assaftida1 ,t]eb9?9 ,oleum1 & ,=mul #h1 #i1 #bi1 #cj4 ,9 "s cases ! injection ( cold wat] acts z a p[]ful a/r+5t1 & f its impression ^u ! rectum1 w frequ5tly af=d in/antane\s relief 9 ! piles4 #d4 ,to de/roy ,asc>ides4 ,see ,=m4 #afd4 #e4 ,to act z an emolli5t fom5tation4 #f4 ,to convey nutrim5t4 ,9 ! adm9i/ration ( ,cly/]s1 = ! fulfilm5t ( any ( ! la/ five indications1 x is obvi\s1 t ! /imulus ( di/5tion %\ld be avoid$1 z be+ incompatible ) our object2 ! quantity1 or bulk ( ! solution1 ought to be also c>efully graduat$2 to prev5t1 = example1 ! opiate cly/] f be+ too soon return$1 ,dr4 ,cull5 has rem>k$ t x seldom %\ld be made ( m bulk ?an t ( ?ree or f\r ounces ( liquid1 & ?is also ( a v mild k9d4 ,9 adm9i/]+ a bitt] decoction = ! cure ( ,asc>ides1 ! same precaution is necess>y1 or ! gut w sudd5ly contract & expel ! cly/]1 :i* always acts ) m c]ta9ty :5 all[$ to rema9 = "s "t4 ,! proportions ( fluid vehicle necess>y = ! diff]5t /ages ( life1 "u ord9>y circum/ances1 may be /at$ z foll[s3--,an infant at its bir?1 or soon aft]1 requires ab\t "o fluid ounce2 a *ild betwe5 ! age ( "o & five ye>s1 f ?ree to f\r fluid ounces2 a y\? ( t5 or fifte51 f six to eight fluid ounces2 & an adult may take twelve4 ,) reg>d to ! dose ( ! active +r$i5t ( a ,lavem5t1 x may be e/imat$ z triple ( t tak5 by ! m\?4 ,,injectiones4 ,"u ?is head may be compreh5d$ ! v>i\s m$ic9al prep>ations :i* are employ$ z local applications2--to ! ure?ra = ! cure ( gonorrha1 & to ! vag9a = t ( ! diff]5t dis*>ges to :i* females are liable4 ,) respect to ! =m] ( ^! x has be5 truly obs]v$1 t 8among ! :ole class ( rem$ies employ$ = surgical purposes1 !re is sc>cely "o :i* has occasion$ a great] div]sity ( op9ion20 to ent] h[ev] into an exam9ation ( ?is subject w\ld be entirely =eign to ! int5tion ( ! pres5t "w2 x is only necess>y to /ate1 t = _! prep>ation ! same pr9ciples ( comb9ation1 & ! same *emical precautions1 apply1 z h be5 already inve/igat$ "u ! head ,mi/ur4 ,9 "s cases ! practition] w f9d x useful to insure ! entire solution ( 8 active +r$i5t2 :ile 9 o!rs1 ! pres5ce ( a precipitate may enhance ! efficacy ( ! application1 z illu/rat$ by ,=m4 #fb4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( injections = ! cure ( female dis*>ges1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t1 if !y be ( a vegetable nature1 _! efficacy :olly dep5ds ^u ! ,tann9 :i* !y conta91 & ! prescrib] mu/ !re=e take c>e n to invalidate ! =ce ( ?is pr9ciple by any incompatible additions4 ,& x des]ves to be rememb]$1 t z ,tann9 has ! p[] ( coagulat+ animal mucus1 & ( =m+ ) x an insoluble precipitate1 its adm9i/ration1 z an injection1 is liable to occasion ! evacuation ( :iti% or a%-col\r$ flakes1 :i* w come away f "t to "t1 & excite 9 ! pati5t's m9d1 says ,mr4 ,cl>ke1 ! appreh5sion t %e is void+ portions ( ! int]nal p>ts ( ! body1 unless h] m9d be prep>$ = ! occurr5ce by a previ\s explanation1 & :i* ! judici\s practition] w n neglect to af=d4 ,9 "s cases x w be necess>y to correct ! irritat+ effect ( ! a/r+5t by ! addition ( a demulc5t1 z exemplifi$ 9 ,=m4 #fa4 ,9 apply+ ?is =m ( rem$y an ivory syr+e %\ld be always pref]r$ to "o ( pewt]1 :5ev] ! solution is likely to be affect$ by ! contact ( a metal4 ,,inhalationes4 ,inhalations4 ,"u ?is g5]al title may be compreh5d$ two di/9ct classes ( volatiliz$ sub/ances1 viz4 ,dry ,fumes 7,suffitus71 & ,wat]y ,vap\rs 7,halitus74 ,be=e we ent] ^u ! consid]ation ( ?is p>ticul> =m ( rem$y1 x may be necess>y to /ate1 g5]ally1 t x appe>s to be capable ( af=d+ a v exp$iti\s & p[]ful mode ( affect+ ! body by c]ta9 m$ic9es4 ,if ! p[] ( a rem$y be s greatly modifi$ by circum/ances affect+ its solubility1 z we h already prov$1 x _c be a matt] ( surprise t ! /ill f>!r dim9ution ( its cohesion %\ld occasion a correspond+ influ5ce ^u its en]gies2 inde$ x w\ld appe> t "s few sub/ances are entirely in]t :5 appli$ "u any o!r =m1 see ,hydr>gyrum1 9 ! aft] "p ( ?is "w4 ,we are1 moreov] enabl$ by ^! means1 to br+ v>i\s bodies into imm$iate contact ) organs1 :i* are inaccessible to su* rem$ies 9 e o!r /ate ( aggregation4 ,?is obs]vation applies m p>ticul>ly to ! lungs1 & ! subject has lately occupi$ ! att5tion ( a wor?y & skilful physician1 ^: "w#cje is well entitl$ to ! s]i\s consid]ation ( ! pr(ession4 ,! practice ( caus+ pati5ts to inhale v>i\s volatiliz$ sub/ances appe>s to h be5 ( v anci5t date4 ,x has be5 already /at$ 9 ?is "w 7p4 #ci7 t ! fumes ( ,orpim5t 7 direct$ to be brea!d by ,gal51 & t ! practice has be5 adopt$ by practition]s ( lat] date4#cjf ,few attempts ( ?is k9d h[ev] 7 made1 until ! "t ( our c\ntryman ,b5net1 ! au?or ( 8,!atrum ,tabidorum10 :o arranges volatiliz$ sub/ances into ! two classes :i* h be5 ann\nc$ at ! head ( ! pres5t section1 viz4 ,suffitus1 & ,halitus4 ,! num]\s trials :i* h be5 s9ce made ) ! diff]5t gases mu/ be 9 ! remembrance ( e read]1 b un=tunately1 ! injudici\s & empirical _s ) :i* ^! inquiries h hi!rto be5 conduct$1 has ?r[n su* discr$it ^u ! subject1 t ! practition] :o %\ld resume ! inve/igation1 mu/ be prep>$ to he> 8 und]/&+1 or 8 integrity1 que/ion$4 ,,suffitus4 ,fumes ( ,burn+ ,sub/ances4 ,! p>ticul> =ms ( pulmon>y disease 9 :i* ,t> fumes appe> to be mo/ s]viceable1 are ( ! *ronic k9d2 :]e an inflammatory dia!sis prevails1 or any t5d5cy to hmop?ysis exi/s1 ! practice _c be said to be free f dang]4 ,9 treatm5t ( hoop+ c\gh ! inhalation ( t> fumes h be5 also said to be b5eficial4 ,= ! mode ( apply+ ?is rem$y1 see ,pix ,liquida4 ,! practice ( smok+ ! roots ( ,/ramonium1 ,tobacco1 c4 might ) propriety be notic$ "u ?is head4 ,) ! respect to ! =m] ( ^! rem$ies1 mu* has be5 said & writt51 & a/hmatic pati5ts h occasionally express$ a belief 9 its palliative p[]s2 9 my own practice h[ev]1 ,i h nev] met ) any success t has inspir$ my confid5ce4 ,see ,/ramonii ,h]ba4 ,,halitus4 ,aque\s ,vap\rs4 ,9 c]ta9 cat>rhal affections1 :5 accompani$ ) pa9ful & difficult expectoration1 b5efit may be occasionally obta9$ f ! inhalation ( ! /eam ( hot wat]1 or ( v9eg> & wat]1 ! acid 9 ?is case assi/+ ! expectoration1 :ile ! :ole acts z an emolli5t & soo?+ application to ! t5d] & inflam$ vessels ( ! int]nal surface ( ! bron*ial tubes4 ,! same practice is also highly s]viceable 9 ,cynan*e ,tra*ealis1 & ,tonsill>is4 ,9 ,pneumonia1 aft] ! viol5ce ( ! art]ial excitem5t has be5 r$uc$ by depletory measures1 ! inhalation ( ! /eam ( hot wat]1 or decoctions ( emolli5t h]bs1 w (t5 contribute to ! support ( an easy expectoration4 ,x has be5 already /at$ "u ! hi/ory ( ,expectorants 7page #ajf71 t 9 c]ta9 dry /ates ( ! air1 ! evaporation ( wat] 9 an artificially w>m$ ap>tm5t1 is frequ5tly att5d$ ) consid]able relief to ! pulmon>y pati5t4 ,9 ,dyspna1 att5d$ ) a spasmodic condition ( ! pulmon>y organs1 vap\rs impregnat$ ) sulphuric !r h be5 recomm5d$ = inhalation4 ,dr4 ,pe>son also /ates t ! efficacy ( su* an application is mat]ially enhanc$ by dissolv+ 9 x a portion ( ! extract ( ,conium4 ,dr4 ,bot*] ( ,cop5hag51 has lately ann\nc$ ! utility ( vap\rs ( camphor1 9 compla9ts affect+ ! cavities ( ! nose1 ?roat1 & *e/4 ,he /ates t 9 ! wor/ case ( /oppage ( ! nose f cat>rh1 a piece ( camphor ne$ only be kept = a few m9utes be=e x1 to obta9 great relief2 ! same application has be5 kn[n to produce good 9 ,cynan*e ,tonsill>is4 ,9 ord] to apply su* inhalations we may employ ! inhal] inv5t$ by ,dr4 ,mudge1 or if t in/rum5t be n at h&1 ! sp\t ( a tea pot1 or a common bas9 ) an inv]t$ funnel1 w be f\nd v conv5i5t sub/itutes4 ,,rem$ies ,,( ,,ext]nal ,,application4 ,?is class ( m$ic9al ag5ts =m]ly compris$ a mu* wid] range ( =ms ?an x at pres5t conta9s2 su* z num]\s ,epi!ms2 ,vap\rs2 ,aromatic ,bags2 ,m$icat$ ,quilts1 c4 ,! ext]nal rem$ies ( ! pres5t day may be divid$ into two ord]s1 viz4 #a4 ,^? ^: effects are entirely local1 z exemplifi$ 9 ! application ( c]ta9 refrig]at+ embrocations1 /imulat+ cataplasms1 & a/r+5t ungu5ts4 #b4 ,^? :i* excite g5]al effects1 or produce an influ5ce ^u p>ts remote f ^? to :i* ! rem$y is m imm$iately address$1 z illu/rat$ by ! op]ation ( m]curial l9im5ts & ungu5ts1 or by ! g5]al tonic effects ( adhesive plai/]s4 ,) respect to ! =m] ( ^! divisions x is unnecess>y to multiply our rem>ks2 ! objects :i* !y embrace belong m p>ticul>ly to ! dep>tm5t ( surg]y1 & f ! inve/igation ( ! diff]5t modes & =ms ( ext]nal application we %all h]eaft] d]ive v ample & in/ructive illu/rations4 ,9 consid]+ ! objects ( ! latt] division1 a v int]e/+ & important "q imm$iately sugge/s itself = our consid]ation--,h[ f> a m$ic9al sub/ance1 :5 locally appli$ to ! surface ( ! body1 may be capable ( affect+ ! g5]al sy/em1 or "s ( its m remote p>ts8--! exp]i5c$ practition] w feel no hesitation 9 admitt+ num]\s pro(s ( ! exi/5ce ( su* ag5cy2 & x w\ld seem probable t topical applications may produce g5]al effects by sev]al di/9ct modes ( op]ation1 viz4 #a4 ,by excit+ an impression on ! n]v\s sy/em4 #b4 ,by modify+ ! cuticul> dis*>ge4 #c4 ,by be+ absorb$ into ! circulation4 ,9 consid]+ ! diff]5t =ms ( ext]nal applications1 x w appe> t1 = _! extemporane\s con/ruction1 prep>ation1 & application1 ! same sci5tific k1 practical skill1 & pa?ological acum5 w be requir$1 z we h already /at$ to be s indisp5sably requisite to enable ! physician to prescribe1 & ! ph>maceuti/ to prep>e ! v>i\s rem$ies int5d$ = int]nal adm9i/ration2 al?\gh 9 reg>d to ! =m]1 x may be /at$ g5]ally t ! prescrib] w m frequ5tly be call$ ^u to ex]cise t species ( k & address :i* enables ! practition] to imp>t a conv5i5t & effici5t consi/5cy to 8 rem$y2 = an ext]nal application is f> m dep5d5t ^u ?is circum/ance = its efficacy1 ?an "o int5d$ = int]nal use4 ,,lotiones3 ,rem$ies ( a liquid nature1 design$ = ext]nal application4 ,"u ?is g5]ic t]m1 :i* /rictly signifies a wa%1 may be compreh5d$ sev]al species ( m$ic9es1 calculat$ = ! fulfilm5t ( diff]5t indications1 z ,,embrocationes1 ,,collyria1 ,,fom5ta1 ,,l9im5ta1 c4 ,9 "s in/ances ^! applications are entirely local 9 _! effects1 z :]e a morbid action ( ! sk9 is *ang$ by a /imulat+ lotion1 z exemplifi$ 9 ! cure ( ,psora by ! decoction ( ,hellebore1 or ! relax$ vessels ( ! tunica conjunctiva ( ! eye1 by an a/r+5t collyrium2 9 o!r cases1 !y op]ate ^u p>ts n 9 contact ) ! rem$y1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( sympa!tic communication1 z :]e *olic & disord]s ( ! b[els are abat$ by ! application ( w>m fom5tations to ! surface ( ! abdom51 or :]e p>alytic affections are reliev$ by pump+ cold wat] on ! "p affect$4 ,,embrocationes4 ,^!1 z ! t]m#cjg d5otes1 are compositions ( _s1 decoctions1 infusions1 or o!r liquids1 appli$ by spr9kl+ or rubb+ !m on an affect$ "p4 ,,l9im5ta#cjh are und]/ood to diff] f embrocations 9 consi/5ce1 ! =m] be+ ( an oily1 or mucilag9\s d5sity1 :i* increases _! efficacy by imp>t+ a c]ta9 emolli5t p[]1 9 addition to _! o!r virtues4 ,9 popul> language1 h[ev]1 l9im5t & embrocation are g5]ally consid]$ synonym\s t]ms4 ,!y con/itute a valuable class ( rem$ies1 & ! obs]vations :i* ,dr4 ,p]cival has (f]$ on _! utility well m]it ! att5tion ( ! m$ical practition]4 8,volatile & antispasmodic l9im5ts are highly useful rem$ies1 & x is to be lam5t$ t ext]nal applications ( ?is k9d are n m frequ5tly employ$1 = !re is j reason to appreh5d t p[]ful effects might be expect$ f !m 9 v>i\s diseases40 ,9 *ronic affections ( ! visc]a1 su* applications appe> highly s]viceable1 n only f ! friction to :i* !y give orig91 b f ! influ5ce ( t species ( sympa?y :i* appe>s to dep5d ^u ! m]e proximity & cont9uity ( p>ts1 & :i*1 z ,sir ,gilb]t ,blane has obs]v$1 is p>ticul>ly display$ 89 ! conta9+ on ! conta9$ p>ts1 z t ( ! integum5ts on ! subjac5t visc]a40 ,,collyria#cji4--,liquid applications to ! eyes4 ,! ,ph>macopia ,*irurgica conta9s sev]al diff]5t =mul = lotions ( ?is k9d1 "s ( :i* are simply a/r+5t1 :ile o!rs comb9e also ! virtues ( a /imulant4 ,,cataplasmata4#caj ,p\ltices1 or ,pultices4 ,ext]nal applications ( a pulpy1 & some:at coh]5t or t5aci\s consi/5ce4 ,!y are g5]ally extemporane\s prep>ations1 & are calculat$ to answ] sev]al diff]5t indications1 viz4 #a4 ,z ,,/imulants1 e4 g4 ,cataplasma ,s9apis1 ,l4 ,d4 :i* g5]ally inflames ! surface to :i* x is appli$ s mu* z to raise bli/]s2 common salt also1 muriate ( soda1 con/itutes ! active +r$i5t ( a p\ltice :i* has lately be5 br\ght into consid]able repute = ! r$uction ( indol5t /rum\s swell+s & enl>gem5ts ( ! gl&s4#caa #b4 ,,antiseptics--,cataplasma ,f]m5ti1 ,l4 7see p4 #aei47 ,a p[]fully antiseptic cataplasm may be also made by /irr+ f9ely p[d]$ *>coal into a common l9se$ meal p\ltice4 ,a cataplasm ( ! boil$ c>rot1 beat into a pulp1 has be5 likewise f\nd v effectual 9 sweet5+ f\l ulc]s4 #c4 ,,s$atives4 ,! mo/ effici5t ( ^! are compos$ ( ,conium1 ,digitalis1 or ,hyoscyamus1 & are em95tly s]viceable 9 canc]\s & scrophul\s sores ( a highly irritable & pa9ful nature1 to dim9i% _! s5sibility & correct ! acrid dis*>ges4 ,see ,=m4 #ah4 #d4 ,,refrig]ants4 ,9 ! =mation ( a cataplasm = ?is purpose we mu/ avoid ! introduction ( sub/ances t are sl[ conductors ( caloric2 suppose = example our object is to apply ! sub-acetate ( lead 9 ?is =m1 x w 9 su* case be judici\s to mix ! l9se$ meal1 ) oatmeal1 or crumb ( bread2 = if ! =m] sub/ance be us$ s+ly1 x is liable1 f its t5acity1 to become h>d & dry1 & 9 t /ate to augm5t ! temp]ature :i* x 0 design$ to dim9i%4 #e4 ,,emolli5ts4--7,! modus op]&i ( ^! ag5ts is expla9$ at p4 #adb47 ,= :i* purpose ! common f>9ace\s p\ltice is ! mo/ eligible1 made by soak+ slices ( bread 9 milk1 & simm]+ !m toge!r ov] a g5tle fire until !y are r$uc$ to ! prop] consi/5ce1 :i* ought to be su* z to prev5t its spread+ f>!r ?an is design$1 & yet n s h>d z to occasion any me*anical irritation2 ! :ole is !n to be beat smoo? ) a spoon1 & appli$ z w>m z ! pati5t's feel+s w readily admit4 ,"s practition]s h d\bt$ ! propriety ( milk z an +r$i5t 9 ?is composition1 & h pref]r$ wat] z an excipi5t1 n only because ! =m] is v liable to turn s\r1 b because x does n possess great] p[]s z an emolli5t ?an wat]2 ! obs]vations ( ! editor ( ! ,ph>macopia ,*irurgica ^u ?is "q are judici\s1 & wor?y our notice2 8! objection10 he says1 8w c]ta9ly hold good :5ev] /ale milk is made use (1 or if ! same p\ltice be kept too long appli$2 b if ! milk be fre%1 & ! p\ltice r5ew$ night & morn+1 we d n "k any ?+ t occasionally gives su* ease & com=t to ! pati5t z ?is =m ( cataplasm4 ,if wat] be sub/itut$ = milk1 ! p\ltice is seldom ( suffici5t t5acity2 x is true t ?is inconv5i5ce may be rem$i$ by ! addition ( a little l9se$ meal1 b 9 "s in/ances ! meal appe>s to fret & irritate ! sk9 s mu*1 t pati5ts und]go consid]able uneas9ess f ?is cause2 an objection to :i* ! cataplasm ( bread & milk is seldom subject1 especially if x be n appli$ too hot40 ,e sub/ance1 :e!r liquid or solid1 may become an +r$i5t 9 ?is species ( composition1 & al?\gh judici\s & exp]i5c$ surgeons h ( late v consid]ably improv$ ! =m ( _! cataplasms1 yet ! pr9ciples ( m$ic9al comb9ation1 :i* x has be5 ! object ( ! pres5t "w to inve/igate & exp\nd1 w sugge/ _m important h9ts = ! f>!r ext5sion ( _! utility2 & al?\gh ! direction ( !m is m frequ5tly left to ! nurse ?an to ! m$ical practition]1 yet 9 adapt+ !m to ea* p>ticul> occasion "s %>e ( *emical address may be necess>y2 we h already se5 t att5tion mu/ be paid to ! selection ( +r$i5ts1 ) respect to _! p[]s ( conduct+ heat1 & x is evid5t t c>e mu/ be tak5 n to r$uce into pulp1 by decoction1 sub/ances t conta9 volatile pr9ciples2 :ile 9 ! prep>ation ( active liquids to be subsequ5tly mix$ ) l9se$ meal1 x is equally evid5t t we mu/ be direct$ by ! *emical nature ( _! composition4 ,,empla/ra4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,pla/]s4 ,^! are solid & t5aci\s comp\nds1 adhesive at ! ord9>y heat ( ! human body2 !y owe _! consi/5ce to diff]5t causes1 viz4 #a4 ,to a due admixture ( wax or fatty matt]1 & res91 e4 g4 ,empla/3 ,c]1 c4 ,!y may be said to diff] only 9 consi/5ce f l9im5ts1 o9tm5ts1 & c]ates2 ,deyeux#cab accord+ly proposes to di/+ui% !m by ! appellation ( ,solid ,o9tm5ts4 #b4 ,to ! *emical comb9ation ( ! semivitre\s oxide ( lead ) oils or fat1 e4 g4 ,empla/3 ,plumbi4 #c4 ,to ! *emical action ( ! compon5t p>ts ( ! pla/] on ea* o!r1 z ,empla/3 ,ammoniaci1 c4 ,pla/]s are g5]ally kept 9 rolls1 wrapp$ 9 pap]1 & :5 to be us$ !y are melt$ & spread on lea!r2 9 p]=m+ ?is op]ation ! practition] ought n to apply a heat above t ( boil+ wat]2 = if metallic oxides be pres5t1 ! fatty matt] w1 at a high] temp]ature1 r$uce !m1 9 consequ5ce ( ! p[]ful aff9ity ( oil = oxyg5 at an exalt$ temp]ature2 & if aromatic sub/ances ent] z +r$i5ts !y w ?us suff] 9 _! /r5g?1 besides :i* ! fat itself w und]go a v injuri\s *ange by a mismanag$ application ( heat1 & ! pla/] w be less adhesive4 ,!y are employ$ z rem$ies to answ] two g5]al indications2 me*anically1 to af=d support to muscul> p>ts & to prev5t ! access ( air2 & m$ic9ally1 to op]ate z /imulants1 discuti5ts1 rubefaci5ts1 or anodyne applications4 ,t by af=d+ an artificial support to ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! body1 by ! application ( pla/]s1 we are capable 9 c]ta9 diseases ( effect+ mu* b5efit1 is a tru? to be expla9$ ^u ! pr9ciples ( physiology1 & is daily confirm$ by ! results ( practice2 ?us by giv+ support to ! muscles ( ! back1 h[ frequ5tly ! /oma* is /eadi$ & /r5g!n$8 ,diseases ( ! kidneys are 9 ! same way v frequ5tly reliev$ by tight b&ages ar\nd ! lo9s2 ! exi/5ce ( an intimate connexion betwe5 ! ext]nal & int]nal p>ts is /rik+ly exemplifi$ by ! di/ress+ effects :i* are (t5 exp]i5c$ 9 weak habits1 su* z sickness1 gidd9ess1 & o!r uneasy s5sations1 f a want ( any usual compression1 z t ( /ays1 "u-wai/coats1 c4 ,! support af=d$ to p]sons :o h be5 tapp$ 9 ,ascites is ano!r in/ance4 ,i h also lately met ) a case 9 :i* a morbidly relax$ /ate ( ! b[els _h h>ass$ ! pati5t = sev]al ye>s1 & set at defiance e a/r+5t m$ic9e2 ^u ! application1 h[ev]1 ( a tight b&age ar\nd ! abdom51 ! heal?y action ( ! inte/9es has be5 completely re/or$4 ,sir ,gilb]t ,blane has sugge/$ ! trial ( me*anical compression ( ! head 9 ! cure ( ,hydrocephalus1 & sev]al cases1 app>5tly fav\rable1 h be5 publi%$4 ,dr4 ,?ackrey ( ,cambridge has relat$ a v int]e/+ hi/ory 9 support ( ! practice1 & judici\sly recomm5ds ! sub/itution ( /raps ( adhesive pla/] = ! b&ages ( clo? orig9ally propos$ by ,sir ,gilb]t4 ,9 reason+ ^u ?is treatm5t1 x w be f\nd /rictly con=mable ) ! s\nde/ pr9ciples ( physiology1 & ) ^? views 9 p>ticul>1 = ! illu/ration ( :i* ,i h "h direct$ ! read]'s att5tion to ! subject4 ,:]e our object is simple support1 we %\ld ( c\rse select a pla/] :i* is ! mo/ adhesive & ! lea/ irritat+4 ,_m pla/]s :i* h ga9$ great celebrity = _! curative virtues w be f\nd to owe all _! p[]s to _! adhesiv5ess1 su* is ! ,empla/rum ,oxidi ,f]ri ,rubri ( ! ,ed9burgh ,ph>macopia1 = x is impossible t ! iron %\ld communicate any tonic effect4 ,! same obs]vation applies to _m ( ^? empirical pla/]s :i* h at diff]5t times acquir$ s great a %>e#cac ( popul> applause4 ,9 ! cure ( sore legs#cad ! importance ( adhesive /rapp+ is g5]ally ackn[l$g$1 & on su* occasions no?+ is sup]ior to ! ,empla/rum ,res94 ,,=mul ,,9 ,,illu/ration ,,( ,,! ,,subject ,,( ,m$ic9al ,comb9ation4 8,longum e/ it] p] ,prcepta1 breve et efficax p] ,exempla40 ,,s5eca4 ,a ,,collection ,,( ,,=mul ,,int5d$ ,,to ,,illu/rate ,,! ,,=ego+ ,,precepts1 & to furni% ! inexp]i5c$ ,prescrib] ,,) ,a ,,s]ies ,,( ,,useful ,,& ,,in/ructive ,,lessons4 ,,explanation ,,( ,,! ,,key ,,lett]s4 ,! ,modus ,op]&i ( ! diff]5t elem5ts ( ea* =mula is designat$ by a ,,key ,,lett]1 or ,symbol1 :i* is pr9t$ 9 a diff]5t type1 7?us ,b7 & plac$ 9 ! m>g9 opposite to ea*4 ,?is lett] ref]s to a correspond+ "o 9 ! ,synopsis1 & !reby %ews ! division conta9+ an exposition ( ! pr9ciples ^u :i* ! op]ation ( ! +r$i5t is suppos$ to dep5d4 ,two or m ,,key ,,lett]s d5ote t ! elem5t aga9/ :i* !y are s plac$ has sev]al modes ( op]ation1 :il/ ! ord] 9 :i* ! lett]s succe$ ea* o!r1 s]ves to %ew ! relative importance ( !m4 ,:]e any "o ( ! lett]s is small1 i4 e4 n a capital1 x d5otes t ! op]ation :i* x is int5d$ to express is only incid5tal to1 or subord9ate 91 ! g5]al s*eme ( ! comb9ation4 ,:5 any numb] ( elem5ts are includ$ )9 a v9culum or bracket1 x is int5d$ to %ew t !y op]ate b z "o sub/ance1 or1 t ! virtues ( ea* are n indep5d5t ( ! o!r2 9 ?is case ! ,,key ,,lett] )9 ! bracket expresses ^u :at pr9ciple ?is unity dep5ds1 :il/ t on ! ext]ior %ews ! action ( su* a comb9ation ^u ! base1 or ! "p :i* x p]=ms 9 ! g5]al s*eme ( ! ,=mula4 ,let u exemplify x by a ref]5ce to ,=mula #gh :i* pres5ts u ) a ,purgative1 9 conjunction ) a ,/imulant4 ,! base is ,aloes1 :i* is succe$$ by ,scammony1 & ,extract ( ,rhub>b2 ^! sub/ances appe> by ! bracket1 to act 9 unison1 a concurr5ce :i* ! int]ior lett] ,b %ews to dep5d ^u _! be+ ,,simil> ,,rem$ies2 ! lett] also on ! ext]ior %ews t its op]ation ^u ! base dep5ds ^u ! same pr9ciple4 ,we next come to p[d]$ ,capsicum1 & ,oil ( ,cloves2 ^! +r$i5ts are also %ewn by a bracket to act 9 unity1 & ! lett] ,b 9 ! int]ior1 d5otes t x is 9 consequ5ce ( _! possess+ a simil> mode ( action1 :il/ ! lett] ,g on ! ext]ior1 ann\nces t !y act 9 ! g5]al s*eme = ! purpose ( fulfill+ a second indication2 at ! same "t ! small] lett] e in=ms u t ! comb9ation likewise acts z a corrector ( ! base4#cae ,a ,,synopsis ,,( ,,! ,pr9ciples ( ,comb9ation1 ,,z ,,inve/igat$ ,,9 ,,! ,,prec$+ ,,pages1 ,,arrang$ ,,9 ,a ,,tabul> ,,=m ,,s ,,z ,,to ,,af=d ,,! ,,/ud5t ,,an ,,easy ,,ref]5ce ,,to ,,! ,,key ,,lett]s4 ,a ,synopsis ( ! ,pr9ciples ( ,m$ic9al ,comb9ation4 ,,object ,i4 ,,to ,,promote ,,! ,,action ,,( ,,! ,,basis4 ,key ,lett]s4 ,a ,a4--,by comb9+ ! sev]al diff]5t =ms1 or prep>ations ( ! ,,same ,,sub/ance4 ,b ,b4--,by comb9+ ! ,basis ) ,sub/ances :i* are ( ! ,,same ,,nature1 i4 e1 :i* are individually capable ( produc+ ! same effects1 b ) less en]gy ?an :5 9 comb9ation ) ea* o!r4 ,c ,c4--,by comb9+ ! ,basis ) ,sub/ances ( a ,,diff]5t ,,nature1 & :i* d n ex]t any ,*emical influ5ce ^u x1 b are f\nd by exp]i5ce1 or inf]r$ by analogy1 to be capable ( r5d]+ ! /oma*1 or sy/em1 m susceptible ( its action4 ,,object ,,ii4 ,,to ,,correct ,,! ,,op]ation ,,( ,,! ,,basis1 ,,by ,,obviat+ ,,any ,,unpleasant ,,effects ,,x ,,might ,,be ,,likely ,,to ,,occasion1 ,,& ,,:i* ,,w\ld ,,p]v]t ,,its ,,int5d$ ,,action1 ,,& ,,defeat ,,! ,,object ,,( ,,its ,,exhibition4 ,d ,a4--,by ,,*emically neutraliz+1 or ,,me*anically sep>at+1 ! (f5d+ +r$i5t4 ,e ,b4--,by add+ "s sub/ance calculat$ to gu>d ! /oma*1 or sy/em aga9/ its delet]i\s effects4 ,,object ,,iii4 ,,to ,,obta9 ,,! ,,jo9t ,,op]ation ,,( ,,two1 ,,or ,,m ,,m$ic9es4 ,f ,a4--,by unit+ ^? ,m$ic9es :i* are calculat$ to produce ! ,,same ,,ultimate ,,results1 b by modes ( op]ation totally diff]5t4 ,g ,b4--,by comb9+ ,m$ic9es :i* h entirely diff]5t p[]s1 & :i* are requir$ to obviate diff]5t symptoms1 or to answ] diff]5t indications4 ,,object ,,iv4 ,,to ,,obta9 ,a ,,new ,,& ,,active ,,rem$y1 ,,n ,,af=d$ ,,by ,,any ,,s+le ,,sub/ance4 ,h ,a4--,by comb9+ ,m$ic9es :i* excite diff]5t actions 9 ! /oma* & sy/em1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ,,new1 or ,,modifi$ ,,results are produc$4 ,b4--,by comb9+ sub/ances :i* h ! prop]ty ( act+ ,,*emically ^u ea* o!r2 ! results ( :i* are-- ,i a4 ,! ,=mation ( ,new ,comp\nds4 ,k b4 ,! ,decomposition ( ! ,orig9al ,+r$i5ts1 & ! developem5t ( _! m active elem5ts4 ,c4--,by comb9+ ,sub/ances1 betwe5 :i* no o!r *ange is induc$ ?an a dim9ution1 or increase 9 ! ,,solubility ( ! pr9ciples 9 :i* _! ,m$ic9al virtues reside4 ,l a4 ,by ! int]v5tion ( ,sub/ances t act ,,*emically4 ,m b4 ,by ! addition ( ,+r$i5ts ^: op]ation is entirely ,,me*anical4 ,,object ,v4 ,,to ,,af=d ,,an ,,eligible ,,=m4 ,n a4 ,by :i* ! ,,efficacy ( ! ,rem$y is enhanc$4 ,o b4 ,by :i* its ,,aspect or ,,flav\r is r5d]$ m agreeable1 or its mode ( adm9i/ration m conv5i5t4 ,p c4 ,by :i* x is ,,pres]v$ f ! spontane\s decomposition to :i* x is liable4 ,,n>cotics4 #a4 4 ,extract3 ,hyoscyami j4 ,camphor gr4 viij ,b4 ,spir3 ,rectificat3 ij ,n4 ,camphoram primum cum ,spiritu 9 pulv]em t]e1 de9de simul contunde et divide massam 9 ,pilulas xij1 qu>um sumantur tres1 omni nocte4 #b4 4 ,extract3 ,conii j ,folior3 ,conii exsiccat3 et 9 pulv]em tritorum1 q4 s4 ,a4 ut fiant ,pilul2 s+ulis grana duo p5d5tibus4 ,initio sumat g] pilulam unam pro dosi1 mane et nocte2 po/ea1 b9as1 et de9de tres vel quatuor2 et d5ique augeatur dosis quantum possit4 ,/o]ck4 #c4 4 ,opii puri gr4 iv ,extract3 ,hyoscyam3 et ,b4 ,b4 ,extract3 ,conii gr4 xv4 ,simul contunde1 et fiat massa 9 ,pilulas sex divid5da1 e quibus sumatur una omni nocte4 #d4 4 ,extract3 ,conii et ,extract3 ,hyoscyam3 79 vacuo pp37 gr4 iij ,b4 ,fiat ,pil4 bis quotidie sum5da4 #e4 4 ,t9ct3 ,opii xv ,syrup3 ,papav]is fij ,a4 ,spir3 ,c9namom3 fj ,o4 ,aqu pur fjss ,n4 ,fiat ,hau/us1 invad5te p>oxysmo caloris 9 febribus int]mitt5tibus sum5dus4 ,l9d4 #f4 ,opii puri1 et ,camphor3 ss ,f4 ,empla/3 ,li?>gyri ij ,o4 ,sit scuto pectori4 ,bree4 #g4 4 ,mi/3 ,camphor fj ,spir3 ,e!r3 comp3 fss ,b4 ,t9ct3 ,opii x ,f4 ,a4 ,syrup3 ,papav3 fji ,fiat ,hau/us hora decubitus sum5dus4 #h4 4 ,t9ct3 ,opii fj ,infus3 ,l9i fvj ,g4,n4 ,fiat ,enema4 #i4 4 ,opii puri gr4 ij ,mucilag3 ,acaci fss ,m4 ,n4,g4 ,lactis tepefacti fvj ,misce pro ,enemate4 ,h>tman4 #aj4 4 ,opii puri gr4 j4 ,pil3 ,galb3 comp3 gr4 v4 ,m4,f4c4 ,fiat ,pilula1 h4 s4 sum5da4 #aa4 4 ,opii puri gr4 j4 ,pil3 ,aloes cum ,myrrha gr4 iv4 ,e4,m4 ,fiat ,pilula1 h4 s4 sum5da4 #ab4 4 ,opii puri gr4 ij4 ,extract3 ,aloes ,spicat3 gr4 x4 ,e4,m4 ut fiat ,massa 9 ,pil3 iij divid5d3 e quibus sumatur una1 h4 s4 #ac4 4 ,opii puri gr4 j4 ,extract3 ,aloes ,spicat gr4 iij ,e4#a4,m4 ,extract3 ,g5t3 gr4 v4 ,e4#b4 ,fiat ,massa 9 ,pil3 duas divid5d3 et s9t pro dosi4 #ad4 4 ,opii puri gr4 ij4 ,saponis duri ,hispan3 gr4 iv ,l4,n4 ,simul contunde1 donec corpus unum sit1 et fiat ,massa pro ,suppositorio4 #ae4 4 ,opii puri gr4 ij4 ,confect3 ,aromat3 ss ,g4,n4 ,fiat ,massa 9 ,pilulas viij divid5da1 e quibus capiatur una1 qu>ta quaque hora4 ,9 ,typhus4 #af4 4 ,opii duri contriti gr4 iv4 ,aqu bulli5tis fijss ,d4 ,infunde1 prope ignem1 p] horam1 et cola4 4 ,liquoris ,colati fj ,acid3 ,nitric3 dilut3 x ,e4#a4 ,tr ,aloes comp3 fj ,e4#b4 ,fiat ,hau/us4 #ag4 4 ,conii foliorum exsiccat3 j ,coque ex aqu oiiss ad oij et cola4 ,panni lanei hocce decocto calido madefacti1 de9de expressi1 p>ti affect imponantur1 et spius r5ov5tur4 ,coll94 ,9 ,c>c9omat\s1 ,v5]eal1 & sordid ,ulc]s4 #ah4 4 ,conii ,folior3 exsiccat3 ij4 ,m$ull panis vj ,n4,o4 ,aqu oiss ,coquantur simul1 ut fiat ,cataplasma4 #ai4 4 ,extract3 ,conii ,extract3 ,hyoscyam3 gr4 v4 ,b4 ,mucilag3 ,acaci fij ,n4 ,t]e simul1 donec quam optime misceantur1 et de9de adde1 ,liquor3 ,ammon2 ,acetat3 ,g4 ,aqu pur fss ,syrup3 ,rhados fj ,o4 ,fiat ,hau/us1 qu>ta quaque hora sum5dus4 ,9 ,pulmon>y irritation4 ,j4 ,a4 ,p4 ,,antispasmodics4 #bj4 4 ,t9ctur ,ca/orei fj !ris3 ,sulphurici x ,b4 ,t9ct3 ,opii vij ,g4 ,aqu ,c9namomi fiss ,n4,o4 ,fiat ,hau/us t] quotidie sum5dus4 #ba4 4 ,mos*i gr4 xv ,camphor gr4 v4 ,b4 ,spir3 rectificat3 ij ,l4 ,confect3 ,ros gall3 q4 s4 ,o4 ,camphoram primm cum ,spiritu t]e1 et de9de1 secundum artem1 fiat bolus4 #bb4 4 ,mos*i j ,acaci gummi contriti ss ,m4 ,t]e optime simul1 et adde paulatim1 ,aqu ,ros fj ,o4 !ris ,sulphuric3 fj ,b4 ,fiat ,hau/us1 p4 r4 n1 sum5dus4 #bc4 4 ,assaftid j ,aqu ,m5?3 ,pip4 fjss ,l4 ,t]e assaftidam cum ,aqu paulatim in/illata1 donec quam optime misceantur1 et de9de adde ,t9ct3 ,val]ian3 ,ammoniat3 fij ,t9ct3 ,ca/orei fiij ,b4 ,b4 !ris ,sulphuric3 fj ,fiat ,mi/ura1 de qua sumatur ,co*le>e unum amplum secundis horis4 ,signetur4--,anti-hy/]ic ,mixture4 #bd4 4 ,mi/3 ,camphor fj ,spir3 ,ammoni ,ftid3 fss ,b4 ,fiat ,hau/us1 urg5ti flatu1 sum5dus4 #be4 4 ,val]ian ,radicis1 9 pulv]em r$act3 j ,t9ct3 ,val]ian3 ,ammoniat3 ,a4 ,t9ct3 ,ca/orei fj ,b4 ,b4 ,mi/3 ,camphor fxij ,fiat ,hau/us t] quotidie sum5dus4 #bf4 4 ,tabaci ,foliorum j ,aqu f]v5tis fviij ,mac]a p] horam 9 vase levit] clauso1 et cola4 ,fiat pro ,enemate4 #bg4 4 ,mass ,pil3 ,galb3 comp4 gr4 x4 ,divide 9 ,pilulas b9as1 et s9t pro dosi4 #bh4 4 ,t9ct3 ,opii vj4 ,v9i ,ipecacuanh fj ,h4 ,aqu pur fj ,n4 ,syrup3 ,simpl3 fiij ,o4 ,sod ,sub-c>bonat3 gr4 xxiv4 ,g4 ,sumat ,infans sextam p>tem qu>tis vel sextis horis4 ,9 ,tussi ,convulsiva4 ,r4 ,pe>son4 #bi4 4 ,assaftid ij ,decoct3 ,av5 fx ,n4,o4 ,misce pro enemate1 secundum artem4 ,9 ,flatul5t ,*olic4 ,bang4 #cj4 4 ,mos*i gr4 xij ,sac*3 purificat3 ij ,m4 ,acaci ,gummi contriti j ,simul tritis admisceantur ,jusculi cujusvis t5uioris fiv1 ut fiat enema1 alt]nis vel t]tiis horis injici5dum4 ,wall4 #ca4 4 ,c9*on lancifoli ,corticis contriti j4 ,val]ian ,radicis ,pul3 iij ,g4 ,syrup3 ,aurantiorum q4s4 ,o4 ,ut fiat electu>ium1 cujus devoret dra*mam1 mane ac vesp]i4 ,mead4 #cb4 4 ,t9ct3 ,digitalis x--xv ,mi/3 ,camphor fx ,f4 ,g4,o4 ,t9ct3 ,calumb fi ,fiat ,hau/us1 bis quotidie sum5dus4 ,9 ,palpitation ( ! ,he>t1 accompani$ ) great n]v\s irritability4 ,,tonics4 #cc4 4 ,infus3 ,casc>ill fiss ,t9ct3 ,casc>ill fij ,a4 ,t9ct3 ,z+ib]is fj ,g4 ,fiat ,hau/us t] quotidie sum5dus4 #cd4 4 ,f]ri ,t>t>izati gr4 x4 ,pulv3 ,calumb gr4 xv ,f4m4 ,fiat ,pulvis1 qu>ta quaque hora sum5dus4 #ce4 4 ,infusi ,quassi fx ,t9ct3 ,calumb fj ,b4 ,t9ct3 ,f]ri muriat3 x ,f4 ,fiat ,hau/us1 quotidie1 hora m]idiana sum5dus4 #cf4 4 ,f]ri ,ammoniati j ,extract3 ,g5tian3 ,f4,m4 et ,extract3 ,aloe ss ,g4,m4 ,contunde simul1 et divide massam 9 ,pil4 xxx4 qu>um sumat b9as t] quotidie4 ,tonic & ,purgative4 #cg4 4 ,c9*on lancifoli contrit ss ,magnesi ,sulphatis vj ,g4 ,t]e optime simul1 et divide 9 quatuor p>tes1 ex quibus sumatur una alt]nis horis int] p>oxysmos4 ,9 ,int]mitt5ts4 ,cleghorn4 #ch4 4 ,f]ri ,sub-c>bonatis gr4 v--x4 ,pulv3 ,val]ian3 ss ,g4 ,syrup3 ,z+ib3 q4 s4 ,e4,o4 ,fiat ,bolus4 #ci4 4 ,infusi ,g5tian comp3 fj ,liquor3 ,potass ,sub-c>b3 fss ,o4,l4,g4 ,t9ct3 ,casc>ill fj ,b4 ,fiat ,hau/us4 #dj4 4 ,c9*on lancifoli ,cort3 contus3 ss ,coque ex aqu pur fxvj ad consumpt3 dimid3 adjectis sub f9em coctionis1 ,s]p5tri radicis contus3 ij ,b4 ,/5t p] horam1 et ,colatur admisce1 ,spir3 ,c9namomi comp3 fiss ,e4 ,acid3 ,sulphuric3 dilut3 fiss ,g4 ,sumantur fij sexta quaque hora4 ,pr+le4 #da4caf 4 ,decoct3 ,c9*on fiiss ,infus3 ,g5tian3 comp3 fj ,b4 ,b4 ,t9ct3 ,casc>ill fij ,liquor3 ,potass ,sub-c>b3 fij ,g4#a4 ,fiat ,mi/ura1 de qua sumr3 ,co*l3 duo ampla bis de die4 #db4caf 4 ,decoct3 ,c9*on fvj ,t9ct3 ,c9*on fss ,a4 ,confect3 ,aromat3 j ,b4 ,g4,e4 ,spir3 ,ammon3 ,aromat3 fj ,fiat ,mi/ura4 #dc4 4 ,f]ri ,ammoniat3 gr4 v4 ,rhei ,rad3 ,contrit3 gr4 iij ,g4 ,fiat ,pulvis ex quolibet vehiculo idoneo quotidie sum5dus4 #dd4 4 ,c9*on ,pulv3 subtiliss3 ,potass ,sup]-t>t3 j ,g4#a4 ,c>yophyll3 contrit3 ,no4 xxx ,g4#b4 ,misce1 et detur dra*ma cum semisse t]tiis horis4 ,petrie4 ,,aromatic ,,/imulants4 #de4 4 ,s9apeos sem93 contus3 ,armoraci ,radicis concis ss ,b4 ,aqu f]v5tis oj ,n4,o4 ,mac]a p] horam1 et cola4 4 ,colatur fvii ,spir3 ,ammon3 ,aromat4 fj ,b4 ,b4 ,spir3 ,pim5t fss ,fiat ,mi/ura2 de qua sumr3 ,co*l3 duo ampla t] quotidie4 ,9 ,p>alysis4 #df4 4 ,lactis ,vacc9i oj ,s9ap3 ,sem93 contus3 j ,coquantur simul1 donec p>s caseosa 9 coagulum abi]it1 de9de coletur s]um1 et sumatur cya?us sub9de4 ,disp3 ,fuld3 #dg4 4 ,mi/3 ,camphor fj ,spir3 ,e!r3 ,sulphuric3 fij ,t9ct3 ,c>damom3 comp3 fss ,spir3 ,anisi fvj ,b4 ,b4 ,olei ,c>ui xij ,syrup3 ,z+ib3 fij ,aqu ,m5? ,pip3 fvss ,fiat ,mi/ura1 cujus sumantur ,co*le>ia duo ampla1 urg5ti flatu4 ,9 ,flatul5t ,*olic4 #dh4 4 ,ammoni ,sub-c>b3 ss ,aqu ,m5?3 ,pip3 fvij ,n4,b4 ,syrup3 ,aurant3 fss ,o4 ,sumatur octava p>s 9 languoribus4 #di4 4 ,can?>id3 9 pulv]em trit3 gr4 j ,ammoni ,sub-c>b3 ,b4 ,f4 ,confect3 ,aromat3 gr4 v4 ,syrup3 q4 s4 ,o4 ut fiat bolus1 qu>tis vel sextis horis sum5dus1 cum hau/u ,infusi ,armoraci compositi4 #ej4 4 ,olei ,t]eb9?9 fij ,mellis ,despumat3 j ,o4 ,pulv3 ,rad3 ,glycyrrhiz1 q4 s4 ut fiat l9ctus3 de quo sumatur co*l3 p>v3 nocte1 maneque1 cum hau/u cujusvis potus t5uioris tepefacti4 ,,a/r+5ts4 #ea4 4 ,qu]cus ,cort3 contus3 ss ,aqu f]v5tis fxiij ,mac]a p] horam1 et cola4 4 ,hujus ,colatur fiss ,pulv3 ,gall>um gr x4 ,b4 ,b4 ,t9ct3 ,cate*u fss ,t9ct3 ,c>damom3 comp3 fss ,g4,e4,o4 ,syrup3 ,cort3 ,aurant3 fj ,o4 ,fiat ,hau/us4 #eb4 4 ,mi/ur ,cret fiss ,t9ct3 ,opii xv4 ,f4#a4 ,t9ct3 ,cate*u fj ,f4#b4 ,fiat ,hau/us1 po/ s+ulas s$es liquidas sum5dus4 ,9 ,di>rha4 #ec4 4 ,alum9is ,contriti gr4 v4 ,myri/ic ,nucl3 ,contrit1 gr4 v4 ,e4 ,extract3 ,g5tian3 q4 s1 ,f4,o4 ut fiat massa 9 ,pil3 ij divid5d3 #ed4 4 ,lactis ,vacc9i bulli5t3 oj4 ,alum9is ,contrit4 ij4 ,ebulliant simul ut fiat coagulum2 coletur s]um1 et sumatur cya?us1 sub9de4 #ee4 4 ,gall>um pulv]isat3 j4 ,adipis prp>at3 j ,o4 ,fiat ,ungu5tum1 p>ti affect applic&3 ,9 ,hmorrhoidibus4 ,cull54 #ef4 4 ,infus3 ,ros3 comp3 fiiiss ,alum3 contrit3 gr4 x4 ,b4 ,oxymel fiij ,b4,o4 ,sit pro ,g>g>ismate4 #eg4 4 ,plumbi ,acetat3 gr4 iij ,opii puri gr4 i4 ,b4 ,b4 ,extract3 ,conii gr4 x4 ,fiat ,massa 9 ,pilulas tres divid5da2 qu>um sumatur una bis quotidie1 sup]bib5do hau/um ex acido acetico comp3 #eh4 4 ,infus3 ,cusp>i fj ,m9ct3 ,cate*u fj ,b4 ,pulv3 ,ipecac3 gr4 x4 ,g4 ,fiat ,hau/us4 #ei4 4 ,z9c3 ,sulphat3 gr4 x4 ,myrrh 9 pulv3 trii3 iss ,g4 ,confect3 ,ros3 q4 s1 ,n4,o4 ut fiant ,pilul xx1 e quibus sumantur b9 bis quotidie4 #fj4 4 ,t9ct3 ,f]ri ,muriat3 x ,aqu pur fj4 ,n4 ,fiat ,hau/us1 t]tia quaque hora sum5d3 ,9 ,ut]9e ,hemorrhage4 #fa4 4 ,cort3 ,qu]cus contus3 vj ,aqu di/illat3 fx ,coque p] sextam p>tem hor1 et cola4 #fb4 4 ,colatur et ,infus3 ,l9i fiv ,e4 ,sit pro injectione p] vag9am4 ,9 ,ut]9e ,dis*>ges att5d$ ) an irritable /ate ( ! vag9a4 ,,emetics4 #fc4 4 ,antimonii ,t>t>izati gr4 i ,v9i ,ipecac3 fij ,b4 ,aqu pur fiss ,n4 ,fiat ,hau/us4 #fd4 4 ,antimonii ,t>t>izati gr4 ij ,aqu di/illat fiv ,n4 ,solve--,hujus d&a sunt co*le>ia duo m$iocria1 s+ulis hor quadrantibus1 donec vomitus excitatus sit4 #fe4 4 ,pulv3 ,ipecac3 ss ,antimon3 ,t>t3 gr4 i ,b4 ,b4 ,t9ct3 ,scill fi ,aqu di/illat3 fviiss ,n4 ,fiat ,mi/ura1 cujus sumat quamprimum co*le>ia majora quatuor2 et co*le>ia duo1 sexta quaque hor p>te1 donec sup]v5]it vomitus4 #ff4 4 ,z9c3 ,sulph3 i ,confect3 ,ros3 can93 q4 s1 ,o4 ut fiat bolus1 ex pauxillo ,infus3 ,an!mid3 ,o4 hauri5dus4 ,po/ quamlibet vomitionem sup]bibantur cya?i aliquot infusi ejusdem tepidi4 #fg4 4 ,tabaci ,foliorum j ,aqu fontis1 q4 s1 ,n4 ,simul contunde1 ut fiat epi!ma1 regioni epiga/ric admov5d3 #fh4 4 ,cupri ,sulphatis gr4 x4--j4 ,aqu di/illat fij ,n4 ,fiat pro hau/u emetico4 ,,ca?>tics4 #fi4 4 ,magnesi ,sulphatis et ,b4 ,sod ,sulphatis iij ,aqu ,m5? ,viridis fvss ,n4,o4 ,v9i ,antimon3 ,t>t3 fj ,o4 ,fiat ,mi/ura1 de qua sumr4 ,co*l3 duo ampla t] quotidie4 #gj4 4 ,infusi ,s5n fj ,t9ct3 ,s5n et ,b4 ,e4,b4 ,t9ct3 ,jalap fj ,potass ,t>t3 j ,f4,e4#b4 ,syrup3 ,s5n fj ,a4,o4 ,fiat ,hau/us1 summo mane sum5dus4 #ga4 4 ,extract3 ,colocyn?3 comp3 j ,opii puri gr4 iij ,g4 ,olei nucis ,mos*at iv ,e4 ,fiat massa 9 pilulas xii divid5d3 e quibus capiat duas1 omni hora1 donec bis dejec]it alvus4 #gb4 4 ,magnesi ,sulphat3 et ,b4 ,sod ,sulphat3 ss ,f]ri ,sulphat3 gr4 v4 ,g4 ,mi/ur ,camphor fviiss ,l4,o4 ,fiat mi/ura1 de qua sumantur ,co*l3 duo ampla bis indies4 #gc4 4 ,jalap ,radicis contrit3 gr4 xv4 ,hydr>g3 ,sub-muriat3 gr4 v4 ,f4 ,confect3 ,ros3 can93 q4 s4 ,n4,o4 ut fiat bolus4 #gd4 4 ,confect3 ,s5n iss ,sulphur3 ,prcipitat3 ss ,g4 ,syrup3 ,ros4 q4 s4 ,n4,o4 ut fiat ,electu>ium1 de quo1 ad nucis ,mos*at magnitud9em1 capiatur1 t] vel quat] quotidie1 donec alvus commode purgetur4 ,9 ,hmorrhoids4 #ge4 4 ,olei ,ric9i fss ,vitelli ,ovi1 q4 s4 ,o4 t]e simul1 et adde ,syrup3 ,papav]is fij ,b4 ,g4 ,t9ct3 ,opii v ,aqu di/illat fj ,l4 ,fiat ,hau/us t]tiis vel qu>tis horis sum5dus4 ,9 ,*olic f ,lead4 #gf4 4 ,magnesi ,sulphatis vj ,infusi ,s5n fiss ,f4,l4 ,t9ct3 ,jalap3 fj ,e4,f4 ,t9ct3 ,opii x ,f4 ,g4 ,t9ct3 ,ca/orei fj ,fiat ,hau/us1 ut supra1 d&us4 #gg4 4 ,infusi ,s5n fij ,sod ,t>t>iz3 vj ,f4,e4 ,aqu ,c9namomi fss ,e4,o4 ,fiat solutio1 duabus vicibus1 sum5da4 #gh4 4 ,alos ,spicat3 j ,scammone gr4 xij ,b4 ,f4 ,extract3 ,rhei ij ,bacc3 ,capsici pulv3 gr4 vj ,b4 ,g4e4 ,olei ,c>yophyll3 v ,fiant ,pilul xvj1 e quibus sumantur b91 hora decubitus1 p4 r4 n4 #gi4 4 ,pil4 ,hydr>g3 et ,aloes ,spicat3 j ,g4 ,fiat ,massa 9 ,pil3 vj divid5d3 e quibus sumantur b91 h4 s4 #hj4 4 ,pulv3 ,aloes comp3 j ,pulv3 ,antimon3 gr4 v4 ,c4 ,saponis duri gr4 x4 ,l4,n4,o4 ,decoct3 ,aloes comp3 q4 s4 ,o4a4 ,fiat ,massa 9 ,pilulas xx divid5d3 e quibus capiantur b9 ad alvum (ficii immemorem excit&am4 #ha4 4 ,extract3 ,colocyn?3 comp3 gr4 xxiv ,pil3 ,aloes cum ,myrrha j ,f4 ,f4 ,hydr>g3 ,sub-muriat3 gr4 xv ,fiat ,massa 9 ,pil3 xx divid5d3 e quibus sumr una vel alt]a1 p4 r4 n4 #hb4 4 ,sod ,sub-c>bonat3 7cry/37 iiss ,potass ,sup]-t>t3 iij ,k4 ,i4 ,aqu pur fviij ,/5t 9 lag5a b5e obturata p] triduum1 et de9de sit 9 promptu pro potu ca?>tico4 ,"y4 ,m$ical ,lit]ature1 ,edit4 #b1 p4 #dha4 #hc4 4 ,scammone gr4 v4 ,pulv3 ,rhei gr4 xv ,f4 ,ammoni ,sub-c>bonat3 gr4 v ,g4,e4 ,fiat ,pulvis1 ex vehiculo aliquo idoneo sum5dus4 #hd4 4 ,pulv3 ,jalap3 gr4 xv ,pulv3 ,ipecac3 gr4 v ,c4 ,olei ,c9namom3 ij ,e4 ,fiat ,pulvis1 ut supra1 d&us4 #he4 4 ,pulv3 ,rhei gr4 xv4 ,potass ,sup]-sulphat3 gr4 x ,b4,o4 ,aqu ,c9namomi fj ,o4e4 ,fiat ,hau/us4 #hf4 4 ,sod ,t>t>izat3 ij ,sod ,c>bonat3 j ,aqu pur fiss ,i4,k4 ,o4 ,fiat ,hau/us1 cum ,co*l3 uno amplo ,succi ,limonum ,9 impetu eff]vesc5ti sum5dus4 ,quotidie mane4 #hg4 4 ,sod ,c>bonatis ij ,f]ri ,sulphat3 gr4 iij ,magnesi ,sub-c>b3 j ,i4,k4 ,aqu pur oss ,acidi ,sulphurici dilut3 fx ,infundatur primum lag5 aqua1 de9de immittantur ,sal9a1 et d5ique ,acidum ,sulphuricum2 illico obturetur lag5a1 et 9 loco frigido s]vetur4 ,,note4--,! decompositions :i* take place 9 ?is =mula are describ$ 9 ! ,essay on ! ,art ( ,prescrib+1 p4 #agj4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a precaution respect+ ! proportion ( ,sulphuric acid :i* x is ess5tial to rememb]1 viz4--t x %\ld nev] be add$ 9 excess2 = 9 t case ! ,sulphate ( ,iron w\ld n und]go ! necess>y decomposition4 #hh4 4 ,hydr>g3 ,sub-muriat3 gr4 x ,pil3 ,cambogi comp3 ,f4 ,f4 et ,extract3 ,colocyn?3 comp3 gr4 xv ,syrup3 ,z+ib1 q4 s4 ,e4 ut fiant ,pilul xij1 e quibus sumantur b91 hora decubitus1 vel summo mane1 ad alvum (ficii immemorem excit&am4 #hi4 4 ,cambogi ,contrit gr4 iij ,sac*3 purificat3 j ,m4,o4,e4 ,t]e optime simul1 ut fiat ,pulvis1 t]tia quaque hora sum5dus1 donec alvus commode purgetur4 #ij4 4 ,foliorum ,s5n iij ,sod ,sulphat3 j ,f4 ,aqu f]v5t3 oj ,l4,n4,o ,infunde1 et cola1 ut fiat ,enema4 #ia4 4 ,res9 ,t]eb9?9 fss ,vitelli ovi1 q4 s4 ,m4 ,infus3 ,l9i fx ,n4,o4 ,t]e ,res9am cum vitello ovi1 hisque1 int] t]5dum ,infusum ,l9i paulatim adjice4 ,fiat ,enema4 #ib4 4 ,potass ,sup]-t>t3 ij ,f]ri ,t>t>izat3 iij ,g4 ,z+ib3 j ,e4 ,syrup3 ,simp3 q4 s4 ,o4 dosis ij t] die4 #ic4 4 ,confect3 ,s5n ij ,f]ri ,t>t>izat3 ij ,g4 ,fiat ,electu>ium1 ad nucis mos*at magnitud9em sum5dum4 ,,emm5agogues4 #id4 4 ,sab9 ,foliorum exsiccat3 ,z+ib3 rad3 contus3 ss ,e4 ,potass ,sulphatis ss ,g4,m4 ,m4 ,fiat ,pulvis bis die sum5dus4 #ie4 4 ,myrrh pulv3 j ,f]ri ,ammoniati gr4 vj ,g4 t]e simul et adde ,syrup3 ,z+ib3 q4 s4 ut fiat ,electu>ium1 de quo sumatur ad myri/ic nuclei magnitud9em bis quotidie4 #if4 4 ,mi/3 ,f]ri comp3 fss ,aqu ,c9namomi fj ,o4 ,ft4 ,hau/us bis de die sum5dus4 #ig4 4 ,t9ct3 ,f]ri ,muriatis ,t9ct3 ,aloes comp3 fss ,g4#a4 ,t9ct3 ,ca/orei fij ,g4#b4 ,m4 de qua sumatur co*l3 unum m9imum ex cya?o ,infus3 ,an!mid3 ,flor3 t] quotidie4 ,emm5agogue & ,antispasmodic4 #ih4 4 ,pil3 ,aloes cum ,myrrha et ,pil3 ,galbani comp3 j ,b4 ,divide 9 ,pil3 xxiv1 e quibus sumantur b9 bis quotidie4 #ii4 4 ,pill3 ,aloes cum ,myrrha et ,pil3 ,f]ri comp3 j ,g4#a4 ,sod ,sub-,c>bonatis j ,g4#b4l4 ,divide ,massam 9 ,pilulas xxx e quibus sumantur b9 bis quotidie4 ,,diuretics4 #ajj4 4 ,scill ,radicis exsiccat3 gr4 iij ,pulv]is ,opii gr4 ss ,c4,e4 ,c9namomi ,corticis gr4 x ,e4,o4 ,fiat pulvis bis quotidie sum5dus4 #aja4 4 ,potass ,sub-,c>bonatis gr4 x ,infus3 ,g5tian3 comp3 fiss ,c4,n4 ,spir3 ,e!ris comp3 fss ,b ,g4,e4 ,tr ,c9namomi fi ,fiat ,hau/us4 ,diuretic & ,/imulant4 #ajb4 4 ,scill ,radicis exsiccat3 gr4 xij ,potass ,nitratis i ,f4 ,sac*>i purificat3 ,b ,m4,e4 et ,c9namomi cort3 contrit3 i4 fiat pulvis 9 sex p>tes quales divid5d3 ,sumatur una bis indies4 #ajc4cag 4 ,scill ,rad3 exsiccat3 gr4 iv ,digitalis ,foliorum gr4 x ,b4 ,hydr>gyri ,sub-muriat3 gr4 vj ,c4 ,myrrh ,pulv3 i simul t]e et adde ,b4 ,g4 ,assaftid ss ,extract3 ,g5tian4 q4 s4 ,c4 ,o4 ,fiat massa 9 ,pilulas xv divid5d3 e quibus sumatur una1 nocte maneque4 #ajd4 4 ,mass ,pil4 ,scill i ,hydr>g3 ,sub-muriat3 gr4 v ,c4 ,fiat massa 9 ,pilulas xv divid5da1 qu>um sumantur du s+ulis noctibus4 #aje4 4 ,sod ,c>bonat3 exsiccat3 i ,saponis duri iv ,n4,b4 ,olei ,junip]i ,f4,e4 ,syrupi ,z+ib]is q4 s4 ,e4,n4 ,fiat massa 9 ,pilulas xxx divid5da1 e quibus capiat tres1 indies1 contra calculos r5um4 ,b$does4 #ajf4 4 ,scill ,radicis exsiccat3 gr4 ij ,pilul ,hydr>gyri gr4 v ,g4,c4 ,opii gr4 ss ,e4,c4 ,fiat ,pilula hora decubitus p] tres vel quatuor noctes consequ5tes capi5da4 #ajg4 4 ,potass ,sub-c>bonat3 i ,succi ,limonum3 fss1 vel q4 s4 ,i4 ,k4 ,aqu ,c9namomi fi ,aceti ,scill fiss ,b4 ,t9ct3 ,opii v ,c4 ,syrupi ,aurantii fss ,o4 ,fiat ,hau/us bis indies sum5dus4 #ajh4 4 ,potass ,acetatis i ,oxymel2 ,col*ici fij ,b4 t]e simul cum aqu pur fi ,n4 ,spir3 ,junip]i comp3 fss ,b4,o4 ,fiat ,hau/us1 ut supra d&us4 #aji4 4 ,bacc>um ,junip]i contus3 ij ,sem93 ,anisi contus3 ij ,aqu3 f]v5tis oj ,mac]a p] tres horas1 de9 cola4 4 ,colatur fxij ,a4 ,spir3 ,junip3 comp3 fij ,tr ,scill fi ,b4 ,potass ,nitratis ij ,f4 ,fiat ,mi/ura1 de qua sumatur cya?us sub9de4 #aaj4 4 ,infus3 ,digitalis fiv ,a4 ,tr ,digitalis fss ,potass ,acetat3 i ,b4 ,t9ct3 ,opii v ,c4,e4 ,fiat ,mi/ura1 de qua sumatur co*3 unum amplum bis t]ve indes4 #aaa4 4 ,liquoris ,ammoni ,acetat3 fss ,potass ,acetatis i ,b4 ,aqu pur fj ,n4,o4 ,fiat ,hau/us t] quotidie sum5dus4 #aab4 4 ,potass ,sup]t>tratis i ,pulv]is ,scill exsiccat3 gr4 iij ,b4 ,pulv]is ,z+ib]is gr4 v ,e4 ,fiat pulvis1 sexta quaque hora capi5dus4 #aac4 4 ,sp>tii cacum3 concis3 i ,aqu pur oj ,decoque ad oct>ium dimidium1 et cola4 4 ,colatur fi ,spir3 ,e!ris ,nitrici x ,b4,e4 ,sumatur alt]nis horis4 #aad4 4 ,t9ct3 ,f]ri ,muriat3 xv ,infus3 ,quassi fi ,c4,n4 ,fiat ,hau/us t]tia quaque hora sum5dus4 #aae4 4 ,potass ,nitratis i ,mi/ur ,ammoniaci fvj ,n4 ,spir3 ,junip]i comp3 fiss ,b4 ,b4,e4 ,aceti ,scill fvi ,fiat ,mi/ura de qua capiat co*l3 j amplum qu>tis horis4 #aaf4 4 ,t9ctur ,lytt x ,spiritus !ris ,nitrici fi ,f4 ,mi/ur ,camphor fxij ,e4,n4 ,syrup3 ,z+ib]is fi ,e4,o4 ,fiat ,hau/us t] 9 die sum5dus4 a highly /imulat+ diuretic4 ,,diaphoretics4 #aag4 4 ,mi/ur ,camphor fjss ,liquor3 ,ammon3 ,acet3 fss ,f4 ,liquor3 ,antimonii ,t>t3 xx ,h4 ,b4 ,t9ct3 ,opii x ,fiat ,hau/us4 #aah4 4 ,potass ,sulphureti gr4 xv ,saponis duri j ,e4,l4 ,balsam3 ,p]u3 q4 s4 ,o4 ,ut ft3 ,pilul xxx2 sumat tres qu>ta quaqua hora ex cya?o ,infusi calidi ,junip]i bacc>um4 ,9 ,cutane\s ,affections4 #aai4 4 ,pulv]is ,antimon3 ss ,opii ,pulv3 ss ,h4 ,hydr>gyri ,sub-muriat3 gr4 v ,confect3 ,opii q4 s4 ,o4,b4 ,ut fiant ,pilul decem1 qu>um capiat unam hora decubitus1 et repetatur p4 r4 n4 #abj4 4 ,pulv]is ,ipecacuanh comp3 gr4 xv4 ,pulv3 ,trag3 comp3 ij ,n4 ,divide 9 p>tes quatuor quales1 qu>um sumat unam omni hora4 #aba4 4 ,pulv3 ,ipecacuanh comp3 gr4 xv ,pulv3 ,antimon3 gr4 ij ,b4 ,ft3 pulvis1 hora decubitus sum5d3 sup]bib5do ,hau/ulum tepidum4 #abb4 4 ,guaiaci gum-res9 gr4 x ,pulv3 ,ipecacuanh comp3 gr4 v ,f4 ,confect3 ,ros q4 s ,o4 ,ut fiat ,bolus1 h4 s4 sum5dus4 #abc4 4 ,potass ,c>bonatis gr4 x ,mi/3 ,camphor3 fj ,i4,k4 ,ft3 ,hau/3 cum ,succi ,limonum ,co*le>i uno amplo1 9 impetu ipso eff]vesc5ti sum5dus4 #abd4 4 ,guaiaci gum-res9 gr4 x ,antimonii ,t>t3 et ,h4 ,b4 ,opii puri gr4 j ,syrupi q4 s4 ,o4 ,fiat ,bolus bis quotidie sum5dus4 #abe4 4 ,camphor et ,pulv]is ,antimon3 gr4 iij ,h4 ,f4 ,opii puri gr4 j ,confect3 ,aromat3 q4 s ,n4 ,fiat ,bolus1 h4 s4 sum5dus4 #abf4 4 ,liquor3 ,ammoni ,acetat3 fij ,decoct3 ,c9*on fx ,a4 ,g4 ,t9ct3 ,c9*on fij ,confect3 ,aromat3 ss ,n4 ,ft4 ,hau/us1 t]tia vel qu>ta quaque hora sum5dus4 #abg4 4 ,guaiaci gum-res9 ij ,acaci gummi ij ,m4 ,simul b5e tritis adde ,tr ,opii fss ,c4 ,pulv3 ,c9*on j ,tr ,c9*on fij ,a4 ,g4 ,decoct3 ,c9*on fviij ,fiat ,mi/ura cujus sumatur cya?us bis quotidie4 ,rheumatism4 #abh4 4 ,extracti ,aconiti ,antimonii ,sulphureti ,prcipitati gr4 j4 ,e4 ,b4 ,magnesi ,c>bonatis ss ,t]e simul ut fiat pulvis4 #abi4 4 ,pulv3 ,antimon3 gr4 iij4 ,potass ,sub-c>bonatis gr4 v4 ,e4 ,an!mid4 ,flor4 exsiccat3 j ,n4 ,m4 ,fiat ,pulvis sexta quaque hora1 p] biduum vel triduum sum5dus4 #acj4 4 ,pulv]is ,ipecacuanh gr4 ij ,h4 ,pulv]is ,opii gr4 i4 ,potass ,nitratis gr4 xvj4 ,m4,f4 ,fiat ,pulvis hora somni sum5dus4 ,,expectorants4 #aca4 4 ,assaftid ij trituratione solve 9 ,aqu ,m5? vir3 fiij4 ,n4 addeque ,syrup3 ,tolu3 fj ,g4 ,fiat ,mi/ura1 de qua sumatur co*l3 unum amplum t]tia quaque hora4 #acb4 4 ,myrrh gum-res93 ss ,sac*>i purificati ss4 ,m4 ,t]e optime simul ut fiat ,pulvis1 p>titis dosibus quotidie sum5dus1 9 vehiculo aliquo idoneo4 #acc4 4 ,myrrh gum-res93 iss ,scill exsiccat3 ss ,b4 ,extract3 ,hyoscyami ij ,g4 ,aqu q4 s4 ut fiant ,pil4 xxx4 ,n4,o4 ,e quibus sumantur b91 nocte maneque4 #acd4 4 ,scill exsiccat gr4 viij ,pulv]is ,ipecacuanh gr4 v ,c4 ,camphor j ,g4 ,pulv3 ,antimon3 gr4 vj ,c4 ,sac*3 purificat3 j ,m4 ,t]e 9 pulv]em1 9 quatuor p>tes quales divid5dum4 ,p>s una sumatur bis quotidie1 ex hau/u decocti hordei4 #ace4 4 ,oxymel3 ,scill ,syrupi ,al! ,b4 ,f4 ,mucilag3 ,acaci fss1 misce1 et fiat l9ctus1 de quo lambat spe4 #acf4 4 ,mi/ur ,ammoniac3 et ,aqu ,c9namomi fiss ,n4 ,syrupi ,tolut3 fss ,n4,o4 ,t9ct3 ,ca/orei fij ,b4 ,g4 ,t9ct3 ,opii v ,fiat ,mi/ura1 cujus sumatur ,co*l3 unum amplum sub9de1 ac repetatur dosis p4 r4 n4 ,expectorant ,antispasmodic4 ,hoop+ ,c\gh1 c4 #acg4 4 ,mi/3 ,amygdal3 fj ,v9i ,ipecacuanh x ,g4 ,potass ,c>bonatis gr4 x4 ,i4,k4 ,g4 ,sumatur cum ,succi ,limon3 fiij ,9 impetu ipso eff]vesc5ti4 #ach4 4 ,pulv]is ,myrrh gr4 xij ,pulv3 ,ipecacuanh gr4 vj ,f4 ,pulv3 ,potass ,nitrat3 ss ,e4 ,misce et divide 9 doses quales quatuor1 qu>um sumat unam qu>tis horis4 #aci4 4 ,t9ct3 ,scill x ,acid3 ,nitric3 dilut3 vj ,c4 ,extract3 ,hyoscyam3 gr4 iij ,g4 ,aqu pur fiss ,n4 ,fiat ,hau/us t]tiis horis sum5d3 ,bree4 #adj4 4 ,acid3 ,nitric3 fj ,aqu pur fiv misce ,h4 de9 t]e cum ,ammoniaci j donec emulsio evadit ,dosis co*l3 j m$ioc3 ex liquore aliquo demulc5ti4 ,,sialogogues4 #ada4 4 ,hydr>g3 ,oxyd3 rubri gr4 j4 ,opii t]tiam grani p>tem ,c4 ,c>yophyll3 olei j ,e4 ,fiat pilula1 h4 s1 p] hebdomadam sum5da4 ,j4 ,hunt]4 #adb4 4 ,hydr>g3 oxy-muriat3 ,ammoni muriat3 gr4 v ,l4 ,aqu di/illat3 fss ,n4 ,glycyrrhiz rad3 contrit3 iv ,b4 ,o4 ,mellis ss ,cogantur 9 massam1 quam divide 9 pil3 xl1 e quibus sumatur una t] die4 #adc4 4 ,pyre?ri rad3 contrit ,ma/i*es j ,m4,n4 ,fiant lege artis1 ad ignem1 ma/icatoria duo2 t5eat g] spius 9 ore1 et m&ucet hujusmodi m$icam5tum1 exspuatque salivam4 ,h>tman4 ,,refrig]ants4 #add4 4 ,potass ,nitratis gr4 xv ,ft3 ,pulv3 ex cya?o ,aqu p]frigid1 illico po/ solutionem sum5d3 #ade4 4 ,acidi ,muriatici fj ,decoct3 ,hordei oj ,n4 ,syrupi fij vel q4 s1 ,o4 ad acorem compesc5dum1 et gu/um concili&um4 ,sumatur quotidie1 in/> potus1 et bibat quantum sitis exigat4 ,9 ,typhus & o!r ,fev]s4 #adf4 4 ,ammoni ,muriat3 ij ,acidi ,acetici dilut3 fij ,b4 ,spir3 ,camphor3 fss ,g4 ,misce ut fiat ,lotio4 #adg4 4 ,liquor3 ,plumbi ,sub-acetat3 fj ,acidi ,acetici dilut3 fij ,l4 ,spir3 t5uior fss ,g4 ,aqu de/illat fviij ,n4 ,fiat lotio4 #adh4 4 ,liquor3 ,ammon3 ,acetat3 fvj ,spir3 ,rosm>9i fij ,g4 ,aqu pur oj ,n4 ,sit pro ,epi!mate1 capiti raso applic&um4 ,,antacids ,,& ,,absorb5ts4 #adi4 4 ,liquoris ,potass fij ,liquoris ,calcis fvj ,f4,n4 ,m4 ,cujus capiat g]1 acido infe/ante1 co*le>e amplum unum1 vel alt]um1 ex poculo jusculi bov9i4 #aej4 4 ,magnesi ss ,aqu ,m5? ,pip3 fiiss ,spir3 ,lav3 comp3 fss ,b4 ,g4 ,spir3 ,c>ui fiv ,syrup3 ,z+ib3 fij ,sumatur co*le>e unum m$iocre1 p4 r4 n4 ,antacid & ,c>m9ative4 #aea4 4 ,pulv3 ,cret co3 cum ,opio j ,pulv3 ,cate*u ,extract3 gr4 xv ,g4 ,sit pulvis1 po/ s+ulas s$es liquidas sum5dus4 ,9 ,di>rha dep5d+ ^u ,acidity4 #aeb4 4 ,ammoni ,sub-c>b3 gr4 v4 ,extract3 ,rhei gr4 viij ,g4,n4 ,fiat massa 9 ,pil3 b9as divid5da4 #aec4 4 ,magnesi ,sub-c>bonat3 gr4 v ,sod ,sub-c>b3 gr4 v ,b4 ,z+ib3 rad3 contrit3 gr4 iv ,e4 ,glycyrrhiz rad3 contrit3 gr4 xv ,m4,o4 ,m4 et fiat pulvis1 contra c>dialgiam4 ,,antili?ics ,,& ,,li?on?ryptics4 ,a4 ,9 ! ,li?ic ,acid ,dia!sis4 #aed4 4 ,sod ,sub-c>b3 gr4 x ,infus3 ,quassi fj ,g4,c4 ,t9ct3 ,calumb ,e4 ,fiat ,hau/us bis quotidie sum5dus4 #aee4 4 ,magnes3 ,sub-c>bonat3 j ,infus3 ,calumb fj ,a4 ,g4,c4 ,t9ct3 ,calumb fj ,fiat ,hau/us4 #aef4 4 ,sod ,sub-c>bonat3 gr4 x ,mi/3 ,amygdal3 fj ,n4,o4 ,balsam3 ,copaib3 7ope mucilag3 mi/37 fss ,g4#a4 ,t9ct3 ,opii v ,g4#b4 ,fiat ,hau/us1 urg5ti dolore sum5dus4 #aeg4 4 ,magnesi ,sub-c>bonat3 gr4 x ,pulv3 ,ipecac3 gr4 j ,g4 ,sod ,sub-c>bonat3 gr4 v4 ,f4 ,fiat ,pulvis1 ex vehiculo aliquo idoneo sum5dus2 sup]bib5do cya?um ,infusi ,an!mid3 ,flor3 ,b4 ,9 ! ,phosphatic ,dia!sis4 #aeh4 4 ,acid3 ,muriatic3 v ,decoct3 ,hordei comp3 fiss ,n4 ,fiat ,hau/us t] quotidie sum5dus4 #aei4 4 ,infus3 ,ros3 fiss ,magnes3 ,sulphat3 j ,g4 ,t9ct3 ,calumb fij ,e4 ,fiat ,hau/us4 ,,an!lm9tics4 #afj4 4 ,/anni ,limat3 iij ,confect3 ,ros ,gall3 ss ,b4 ,n4 ,syrupi q4 s4 ut fiat ,elect3 ,capiat co*3 amplum1 quotidie mane1 et repetatur dosis ad tres vices1 et de9de capiat g] ,hau/um aliquem purgantem4 #afa4 4 ,cambogi g4 viij ,hydr>g3 ,sub-muriat3 gr4 v ,f4 ,mucilag3 ,acaci q4 s4 ut fiat ,bolus mane sum5dus4 ,contra ,tniam4 #afb4 4 ,sod ,muriatis ij ,cocc9ell3 ij ,m4,o4 ,fiat ,pulvis1 et detur dra*ma dimidia pro dosi1 tempore matut9o4 #afc4 4 ,f]ri ,sub-c>bonat3 j ,sumatur ex vehiculo aliquo crasso1 s+ulis auroris4 #afd4 4 ,camphor 7,alcohole solut7 j ,ol3 ,oliv fij ,l4,n4 ,misce1 ,fiat ,enema4 ,injiciatur h4 s4 t]tia quaque nocte1 ad tres vices3 de9 repetatur alt]nis noctibus1 ad qu>tam usque vicem1 si opus fu]it4 ,contra ,asc>ides4 #afe4 4 ,aloes ,spicat3 gr4 x ,saponis ,duri j ,l4,n4 ,fiat ,suppositorium po/ ,alvum exon]atam applic&4 ,,demulc5ts4 #aff4 4 ,olei ,amygdal3 fj ,acaci gummi iij ,m4,n4 t]e simul1 et de9 gradatim adde ,aqu de/illat fvi ,o4 ,syrup3 ,rhados fss ,o4 ,fiat ,mi/ura1 de qua sumantur ,co*le>ia duo ampla t]1 quat]ve1 indies4 #afg4 4 ,olei ,amygdal3 fvj ,i4 ,liquoris ,potass ,l ,aqu ,ros fviiss4 ,n4 ,fiat ,mi/ura1 ut supra capi5da4 #afh4 4 ,mi/ur3 ,amygdal3 fj ,potass ,c>bonatis gr4 x4 ,i4,k4 ,syrupi ,rhados fj ,ft3 hau/3 cum co*l3 ,succ3 ,limon3 9 impetu eff]vesc5ti sum5d3 ,demulc5t ,febrifuge4 #afi4 4 ,pulv3 ,cetacei ,pulv3 ,trag3 comp3 ss ,b4 ,syrupi ,papav]is q4 s4 ,n4,o4 ,misceantur1 et fiat ,l9ctus4 ,dosis co*l3 m9imum sub9de4 #agj4 4 ,cetacei ij ,pulv3 ,trag3 comp3 j ,syrup3 ,papav]is ,b4 ,b4 ,syrup3 ,tolu3 fij ,confect3 ,ros3 vj ,potass ,nitratis ss ,g4 ,fiat ,electu>ium1 de quo capiat ad nucis mos*at magnitud9em4 #aga4 4 ,cetacei ij ,vitelli ovi dimidium ,syrupi fss4 ,b4 ,aqu ,c9namomi fij ,aqu de/illat fiv ,fiat ,mi/ura1 de qua capiat g] co*le>e amplum frequ5t]4 #agb4 4 ,amyli iij ,aqu f]v5tis fiv4 ,l4 ,solve pro enemate1 et adde1 si opus fu]it1 ,t9ct3 ,opii fss ,g4 #agc4 4 ,decoct3 ,li*5is oss ,sumatur quotidie1 co*leatim1 in/> potus communis4 ,,supplem5t>y ,,=mul ,,= ,,c]ta9 ,,rem$ies ,,n ,,includ$ ,,9 ,,! ,,ph>macop,,ia4 #a4 4 ,acid3 ,hydro-cyanic3 dilut3 v ,mi/3 ,amygd3 fiv ,o4 ,syrup3 ,tolutan3 fj ,fiat ,mi/ura1 de qua sumatur ,co*le>e unum amplum t]tia quaque hora4 #b4 4 ,acid3 ,hydro-cyanic3 dilut3 xij ,t9ct3 ,digitalis fss ,f4 ,aqu ,c9namom3 fvss ,o4 ,sumatur ,co*l3 unum amplum qu>tis horis4 #c4 4 ,acid3 ,hydro-cyanic3 dilut3 fj ,aqu ,ros fiss ,sit pro lotione contra ,impetig9es ut5d3 #d4 4 ,morphi ,acetatis gr4 xij ,aqu de/illat3 fj ,n4 ,acid3 ,acetic3 dilut3 v ,l4 ,spir3 ,rectificat3 fj ,p4 ,sumantur gutt x-xx1 ad dolorem l5i5dum1 et somnum concili&um4 #e4 4 ,iod9i ij ,spir3 ,rectificat fj ,solve et fiat ,t9ctura4 4 ,t9ctur ,iod9i v4 ,aqu de/illat3 fj ,n4 ,sumr3 gutt x t] quotidie4 #f4 4 ,qu9 ,sulphat3 gr4 ij ,acid3 ,sulphuric3 dilut3 ij ,l4 ,aqu de/illat3 fj ,fiat ,hau/us1 bis t]ve de die sum5d3 ,,( ,,! ,,m$ic9al ,,dynamet]4 ,?is in/rum5t is capable ( %[+1 on m]e inspection1 ! absolute z well z relative /r5g?s ( ! diff]5t ,(fic9al ,prep>ations ( ! ,ph>macopia4 ,! active ,pr9ciples1 or ,m$ic9al ,bases1 are di/+ui%$ by ,,capital ,,lett]s1 plac$ 9 col\r$ comp>tm5ts1 & ea* ,(fic9al prep>ation is m>k$ by a l9e correspond+ 9 col\r ) t ( its active +r$i5t4 ,:]e a prep>ation conta9s two active +r$i5ts x is di/+ui%$ by two col\r$ l9es1 z may be se5 9 ! ,pulvis ,ipecacuanh comp4 ,by ?is exp$i5t ! eye1 at once1 recognises ! diff]5t classes ( m$ic9es2 all ^?1 = in/ance1 col\r$ r$ are ,opiates2 ^? blue1 ,m]curials2 gre51 ,acetic acid2 c4 ,! introduction ( col\rs1 moreov]1 imm$iately indicates ! basis to :i* any prep>ation ref]s1 & ?us prev5ts ! possibility ( d\bt or confusion4 ,if we wi% to le>n ! actual quantity ( active matt] conta9$ 9 any giv5 proportion ( a comp\nd1 we h only to turn ! scale until ! "n ( su* comp\nd co9cides ) ! numb] 9 "q1 :5 ! figure opposite to ! basis solves ! problem2 ?us--h[ mu* opium is conta9$ 9 #e gra9s ( ! ,pulvis ,ipecacuanh compositus8 ,by hav+ br\ght ?is prep>ation to #e1 we %all see opposite to ,opium1 d5ot+ t su* a numb] ( gra9s conta9s half a gra92 =1 unless x be o!rwise express$1 ! figures d5ote gra9s = ! solids1 & m9ims = ! liquids4 ,&1 s9ce ! numb] opposite to ! ,base d5otes ! absolute quantity ( x conta9$ 9 ^? sev]al proportions ( its ,(fic9al comp\nds1 :i* are express$ by ! respective numb]s opposite to ea*1 x foll[s t ^! latt] mu/ all be m$ic9ally equival5t to ea* o!r2 ?us we h se5 t #e gra9s ( ,pulvis ,ipecacuanh compositus conta9s gra9 ( ,opium1 if we turn our eyes to ! o!r ,opiate prep>ations we %all p]ceive t ea* has a diff]5t numb] opposite to x1 ^! figures %[ ! numb] ( gra9s ( ea* :i* conta9s gra9 ( opium1 & consequ5tly ^? numb]s mu/ be all ,equival5ts2 ?us #b gra9s ( ,pil4 ,saponis comp3 #e gra9s ( ! ,pulv3 ,corn3 u/3 cum ,opio1 #i m9ims ( ,t9ctura ,opii1 #aj gra9s ( ,pulv3 ,k9o comp3 #ah gra9s ( ,confectio ,opii1 #bj gra9s ( ,pulv3 ,cret comp3 cum ,opio1 & #abj m9ims1 or two fluid-dra*ms ( ,t9ctura ,camphor3 comp3 conta9 half a gra9 ( ,opium1 & are consequ5tly all equival5t to ea* o!r4 ,?is sy/em ( ,equival5ts w be f\nd ( mu* practical value to ! practition]1 by enabl+ him1 at once1 to sub/itute "o prep>ation = ano!r1 )\t ! risk ( alt]+ ! dose ( its active +r$i5ts4 ,suppose1 = example1 a pati5t _h be5 tak+ #h fluid-dra*ms ( ,mi/3 ,f]ri ,comp4 & t we wi% to give ! same quantity ( ,protoxide ( ,iron 9 ! =m ( ! ,pil3 ,f]ri comp4 we h only to br+ ! mixture 9 "q to #h1 & we %all see #ac grs4 are equival5t1 bo? ^! quantities ( ! respective prep>ations conta9+ ds ( a gra9 ( protoxide1 or a little m ?an a gra9 ( ! ,proto-c>bonate4 ,suppose aga91 t we h an acetic acid ( sp4 gr4 #a4jei1 & t we wi% to produce1 by its dilution1 two fluid-dra*ms1 or any o!r quantity1 ( acid hav+ ! /r5g? ( di/ill$ v9eg>1 ! "q is1 :at are ! proportions ( wat] & /rong acid to be employ$4 ,we h only to br+ ! ,acidum ,aceticum ( #a4jei1 to #abj1 i4 e4 to fij1 & ! numb] opposite to ! /rong acid1 viz4 #af1 is its equival5t1 if !re=e we take #af m9ims ( x1 & dilute x ) #ajd m9ims ( wat]1 we obta9 ! mixture requir$4 ,^? :o are acqua9t$ ) ! slid+ rule ( ,gunt]1 or ! *ymical scale ( ,dr4 ,wolla/on1 w imm$iately p]ceive t ! pres5t circul> scale is divid$ ^u ! same logometric pr9ciple1 & t ! me*anical addition & subtraction ( ratios "h p]=m$ by juxta-position1 corresponds 9 effect to ! multiplication & division ( ! numb]s by :i* ! ratios are express$ 9 common ari?metical notation4 ,x is n necess>y t ,i %\ld tr\ble ! read] ) ! num]\s difficulties & emb>rassm5ts :i* h oppos$ !mselves to ! practical success ( ?is in/rum5t4 ,!y h1 aft] repeat$ failures1 be5 at l5g? ov]come1 except p]haps ) reg>d to a slight c5tral error1 :i* z x is f\nd 9 ! mo/ accurate brass in/rum5ts1 c\ld n be avoid$ :]e pa/ebo>d alone _h be5 employ$4 ,! error1 h[ev]1 is n ( ! slighte/ practical mom5t1 n occasion+ ! diff]5ce ( a hundr$? "p ( a gra94 ,! proportions ( active matt]1 9 ! sev]al prep>ations ( ea* class1 h be51 9 g5]al1 d]iv$ f ! be/ au?orities1 al?\gh 9 _m cases !y h be5 d$uc$ f exp]im5ts expressly in/itut$ = ! occasion4 ,,ph>macologia4 ,,compreh5d+ ,,! ,,m$ic9al ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,*emical ,,habitudes ,,( ,,! ,,diff]5t ,,articles ,,t ,,con/itute ,,! ,,mat]ia ,,m$ica4 8,omnium ,simplicium ,ph>macorum vires nosse oportet cum qui aliquot compositum e/ facturus40 tius4 ,,ph>macologia4 ,,abietis#cah ,,res9a4 ,l4 ,e4 ,d4 7,p9us ,abies1 ,res9a concreta47 ,res9 ( ! ,spruce ,fir4 ,olim1 ,?us--,frank9c5se4#cai ,,qualities4 ,=m1 te>s or small brittle masses3 ,od\r1 v fragrant :5 burn+4 ,x has all ! *emical prop]ties ( a ,res91 & is us$ only = ext]nal purposes3 see ,pix ,arida4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,empl3 ,aromatic3 ,d4 ,empl3 ,galban3 comp3 ,l4 ,empl3 ,opii ,l4 ,empl3 ,?uris4 ,d4 ,,abs9?ium4 7,artemisia ,abs9?ium7 ,common ,wormwood4 ,,qualities4 ,od\r1 /rong & peculi>4 ,ta/e1 int5sely bitt]1 slightly pung5t1 & v unpleasant1 z its "n#cbj implies4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,extractive1 a small portion ( res91 & a gre5 ess5tial oil2 9 ! fir/ ( :i* its bitt]ness resides1 9 ! la/1 a n>cotic pr9ciple2 h5ce ! wat]y extract is n possess$ ( ! nause\s flav\r ( ! plant b reta9s its bitt]ness almo/ entire2 ! n>cotic pr9ciple is !re=e dissipat$ by decoction1 b its tonic & an!lm9tic prop]ties are n impair$ by t process4 ,,m$ical ,,uses4 ,! :ole plant is p[]fully antiseptic2 & its bitt]ness r5d]s x /oma*ic4 ,infus$ 9 ale x =ms ! bev]age kn[n by ! "n ( ,purl4 ,its p[]s z a v]mifuge has be/[$ ^u x ! "n ( ,wormwood4 ,,dose1 j1 ij2 & ( ! infusion1 7made 9 ! proportion ( j ( ! plant to oj ( wat]17 fi-fiss4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,precipitates are produc$ 9 ! decoction or infusion by ,sulphate ( ,iron1 ,acetate ( ,lead1 & "s o!r metallic salts4 ,t>t>iz$ ,antimony is n 9 ! lea/ affect$ by x4 ,,(f3 ,,prep3 ,extract3 ,abs9?3 ,d4 ,,acaci ,,gummi4 ,l4 7,acacia v]a47 ,mimosa4 ,nilotica4 ,e4 ,d4 ,gum ,arabic4 ,,qualities4 ,x is dry1 semi-transp>5t1 brittle & insipid2 by exposure to ! air x und]goes no o!r *ange ?an loss ( col\r4 ,specific ,gravity1 #aeae4 ,,solubility4 ,x is soluble 9 wat] 9 e proportion1 =m+ a viscid solution1 7mucilage74 ,"o "p dissolv$ 9 wat] af=ds a fluid ( ! consi/5ce ( syrup2 & 9 two p>ts1 a m$ium well calculat$ = ! union ( dry p[d]s4 ,gum is also soluble 9 pure alkalies & lime wat]1 z well z 9 vegetable acids1 especially v9eg>1 ) :i* x =ms a mucilage t may be us$ z a cem5t1 l ! wat]y solution1 & ) ! additional advantage ( n be+ susceptible ( m\ld9ess4#cba ,x is insoluble 9 alcohol1 z well z 9 !r & oils4 ,by /rong sulphuric acid ! gum is decompos$1 & a consid]able proportion ( c>bon deposit$4#cbb ,= a f>!r hi/ory ( its habitudes see ,mucilago ,acaci4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,x is demulc5t & nutriti\s2 al?\gh x appe>s 9 c]ta9 /ates ( ! body to pass ?r\gh ! b[els )\t *ange4 ,:5 triturat$ ) gum-res9s x assi/s _! me*anical division1 z 9 ,=m3 #cj4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,mucilago ,acaci4 ,l4 ,e4 ,d4 ,emulsio ,mimos ,nilotic4 ,e4 ,emulsio ,arabica4 ,d4 ,mi/4 ,corn4 u/4 ,l4 ,d4 7,o7 ,mi/4 ,cret4 ,l4 ,d4 7,o7 ,mi/4 ,mos*i4 ,l4 7,o7 ,confect4 ,amygdal4 ,l4 7,o7 ,pulv4 ,cret4 co4 ,l4 7,o7 ,pulv4 ,tragacan? co4 ,l4 7,b7 ,tro*isci ,c>bonat4 ,calcis ,e4 7,o7 ,tro*4 ,glycyrrh4 ,glab4 ,e4 7,o7 ,tro*4 ,glycyrrh4 cum ,opio ,e4 7,o7 ,tro*4 ,gummos4 ,e4 7,o74 ,,adult]ations4 ,gum ,s5egal is n unfrequ5tly sub/itut$ = x1 b ?is may be di/+ui%$ by its clammy & t5aci\s nature2 :]eas g5u9e gum arabic is dry & brittle2 ! fraud is ( no consequ5ce 9 a m$ical po9t ( view4 ,x is also occasionally mix$ ) ! gum ( plum & *]ry trees2 ?is fraud h[ev]1 is to be easily detect$1 = su* gum has peculi> prop]ties by :i* x may be *emically di/+ui%$2 see ,mucilago ,tragacan?4 ,,acetica4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,prep>ations ( ,v9eg>4 ,^! prep>ations consi/ ( vegetable pr9ciples dissolv$ 9 v9eg>4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,acetum ,aromaticum4 ,e4 ,acidum ,acetosum camphoratum4 ,e4 ,m$icat$ v9eg>s 7 =m]ly mu* extoll$2 ! fir/ ,london ,disp5satory conta9$ no few] ?an t51 at pres5t ! numb] is r$uc$ to two1 viz4 ,acetum ,col*ici4 ,l4 ,acetum ,scill4 ,l4,e4,d4 :i* see4 ,,acetis ,,hydr>gyri4 ,e4 ,acetas ,hydr>gyri4 ,d4 ,acetate ( ,m]cury4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 small flaky cry/als2 ,col\r1 silv]y :ite2 ,ta/e1 acrid4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,acetic ,acid1 & ,oxyd ( ,m]cury4 ,,solubility4 ,x is soluble 9 hot1 b v sp>+ly 9 cold wat]1 & q insoluble 9 ,alcohol4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,x %\ld be always giv5 9 pills1#cbc x is h[ev] seldom us$4 ,,dose1 gr4 j4 ,z an ext]nal application1 a solution ( x1 9 ! proportion ( grs4 j4 to fi ( rose wat]1 has be5 comm5d$ z a cosmetic4 ,,acetos ,,folia4 ,l4,e4 ,rumex ,acetosa4 ,common ,sorrel ,leaves4 ,,qualities4 ,ta/e1 grateful1 au/]e & acidul\s4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,all its qualities dep5d ^u ! pres5ce ( ,sup]-oxalate ( ,potass4 ,9 ,france ! plant is commonly cultivat$ = ! use ( ! table4 ,,acetosella4 ,l4 ,oxalis ,acetosella4 ,wood ,sorrel4 ,! qualities ( ?is plant1 l ^? ( ! prec$+1 dep5d ^u ,sup]-oxalate ( ,potass4 ,,acetum4 ,l4 ,v9eg>4 ,acidum ,acetosum1 ,e4 ,acetum ,v9i4 ,d4 ,,qualities4 ,too well kn[n to require description4#cbd ,,*ymical ,,composition4 ,acetic acid l>gely dilut$ ) wat]1 vegetable glut51 mucilage1 sug>1 extractive matt]1 & frequ5tly malic & t>t>ic acids1 toge!r ) small proportions ( sulphate ( lime1 sulphate ( potass1 & alcohol4 ,its composition h[ev] v>ies accord+ to ! f]m5t$ liquor f :i* x is obta9$3#cbe e4 g4 w9e yields a pal]1 pur]1 & /rong] acid ?an f]m5t$ malt liquors or solutions ( sug>1 h5ce ! sup]iority ( t prep>$ 9 ,france & ,italy4 ,v9eg> is liable to spontane\s decomposition1 or to become m\ldy1 & consequ5tly = ! purposes ( ph>macy x %\ld be di/ill$2 z h[ev] ! *ange dep5ds ^u ! pres5ce ( glut51 x may if boil$ be kept = a mu* long] "t1 & if p[d]$ animal#cbf *>coal be previ\sly add$1 x w become q col\rless l di/ill$ v9eg>1 & t )\t be+ impair$ 9 /r5g?1 :]eas x always becomes mu* weak] by di/illation4 ,x is a curi\s circum/ance t ?is is ! only vegetable acid1 except ! ,prussic1 t rises 9 di/illation 9 comb9ation ) wat]4 ,,adult]ations4 ,sulphuric acid1 z x does n produce any turbid appe>ance 9 v9eg>1 is g5]ally ! acid select$ = %>p5+ x2 b x mu/ be rememb]$1 t ! mak] is all[$ by law1 to mix "o ?\s&? ( its weight ( ,sulphuric acid#cbg ) x2 s t ! muriate ( b>yta :5 add$ to su* v9eg> may be expect$ to produce #a gra9 ( insoluble sulphate 9 e fluid-ounce2 if a m consid]able quantity ( precipitate occurs1 we may inf] t an excessive proportion ( sulphuric acid is pres5t2 al?\gh "s all[ance ought p]haps to be made = ! pres5ce ( ! sulphates ( potass & lime1 :i* are always conta9$ 9 v9eg>4 ,( ?is v9eg> #ajjj gra9s %\ld saturate #adh gra9s ( cry/alliz$ sub-c>bonate ( soda2 a fluid-ounce ( ! same1 #fh-c_/d gra9s4#cbh ,= ! purpose ( mak+ ! v9eg> appe> /rong]1 acrid vegetables1 z gra9s ( ,p>adise1 b]ries ( ,spurge ,flax1 ,capsicum1 ,pellitory ( ,spa91 c4 are sometimes infus$ 9 x1 b by ta/+ x ) att5tion1 ! pung5cy ( su* sub/ances may be easily detect$4 ,= ! o!r adult]ations1 see ,acidum ,aceticum4 ,! pure/ v9eg> :i* ,i h ev] exam9$ is t manufactur$ f malt1 by ,mr4 ,mack9to% ( ,glasg[4 ,! /ronge/ malt v9eg> is t]m$ pro( v9eg>1 & is call$ by ! manufactur] ,no4 #bd2 x is e/imat$ to conta9 #dgc p] c5t4 ( real acetic acid4#cbi ,its /r5g? 9 relation to ! o!r =ms ( acetic acid1 w be se5 by ref]r+ to ! ,,m$ic9al ,,dynamet]1 & to ! table ins]t$ "u ! article ,,acidum ,,aceticum ,,=tius4 ,9 ! =m] ,editions ( ?is "w x 0 /at$1 t a ,v9eg> _h ( late ye>s appe>$ 9 ! m>ket produc$ f ! di/illation ( wood1 7,pyroligne\s ,acid47 ,?is article has n[ come into v g5]al use2 & ! manufactur]s h at l5g? succe$$ 9 dive/+ x ( t empyreumatic flav\r :i* _h s long r5d]$ x objectionable4 ,see ,acidum ,aceticum ,=tius e ,ligno de/illatum4 ,,acetum ,,col*ici4 ,l4 ,v9eg> ( ,mead[ ,saffron4 ,v9eg> appe>s to be a solv5t ( ! acrid & m$ic9al pr9ciple :i* resides 9 ! bulb ( ?is plant4 ,,dose fss to fij4 9 any bl& fluid4 ,see ,col*ici ,radix4 ,,acetum ,,scill4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,v9eg> ( ,squill4 ,?is prep>ation is an acetic solution ( ! acrid matt] ( ! ,squill1 ^u :i* its m$ic9al efficacy dep5ds4#ccj ,,dose fss to fij4 9 c9namon or m9t wat]4 ,see ,scill ,radix4 ,,=m4 #ajg1 #aad4 ,alkalies & _! c>bonates are *emically incompatible ) ^! ,v9eg>s4 ,?is prep>ation1 z well z ! ,oxymel1 deposites :5 long kept a precipitate consi/+ ( citrate ( lime & tann91 b its m$ic9al efficacy is n on t acc\nt impair$4 ,,acidum ,,aceticum ,,dilutum4 ,l4 ,acidum ,acetosum ,di/illatum4 ,e4 ,acetum ,di/illatum4 ,d4 ,common ,di/ill$ ,v9eg>4 ,,qualities4 ,od\r1 fa9t] & less agreeable ?an common v9eg> 7,acetum73 ,ta/e1 less acid2 ,col\r1 none4 ,,specific ,,gravity2 ,mr4 ,phillips /ates1 t :5 prep>$ accord+ to ! directions ( ! ,ph>macopia1 x v>ies f #ajjg to #ajji2 & t #ajjj gra9s ( ! latt] require = _! saturation1 #ade gra9s ( cry/alliz$ sub-c>bonate ( soda4 ,i appreh5d1 h[ev]1 t x w be f\nd q impossible to obta9 a dilute acetic acid equal 9 /r5g? or specific gravity1 to t la/ m5tion$1 by ! process ( ! ,london ,college2#cca x may ev5 be d\bt$ :e!r x c be produc$ ( ! specific gravity #ajjg4 ,! g5]al run ( di/ill$ v9eg> z f\nd 9 ! %op ( ! druggi/1 v>ies f #ajje to #ajjf1 & conta9s f #bhj to #bhbf p] c5t4 ( real acid2 :5 ( ! specific gravity ( #ajji x w\ld conta9 ab\t #dgc p] c5t4 ,dr4 ,p[ell /ates 7,translation ( ! ,ph>macop3 ( ,london1 #ahae7 t 8"o fluid-ounce ought to dissolve at lea/ ?irte5 gra9s ( :ite m>ble20 or1 :at is equival5t to x1 #cifg gra9s ( cry/alliz$ ,sub-c>bonate ( ,soda2 acid ( ?is /r5g? corresponds v ne>ly ) six degrees ( ! ,rev5ue ,acetomet]1 ! proportions be+ z foll[1 #ajj gra9s ( ,ph>macopia /r5g? w saturate #hfh gra9s ( cry/alliz$ ,sub-c>bonate ( ,soda2 #ajj gra9s ( acid ( #f ( ! ,acetomet] w saturate #hgj gra9s ( ! salt4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,acetic ,acid m l>gely dilut$ ?an t 9 v9eg>1 ) v m9ute portions ( uncomb9$ mucilage & extractive4 ,,solv5t ,,p[]s4 ,x is capable ( dissolv+ all ^? vegetable pr9ciples :i* are soluble 9 wat]1 & 9 "s cases1 z 9 ,squill1 ,col*icum1 & 9 sev]al ,aromatics & ,n>cotics1 its acid appe>s to ext5d its solv5t p[]s2 at ! same "t x (t5 modifies or dim9i%es ! m$ic9al virtues ( ! sub/ances1 z = in/ance ^? ( ,n>cotics2 ?is circum/ance consid]ably limits its ph>maceutical application2 :5 h[ev] x is employ$1 a portion ( _s %\ld be always add$1 9 ord] to c\nt]act ! spontane\s decomposition to :i* x is liable1 & ! acetic comp\nd %\ld be pres]v$ 9 /opp$ bottles4 ,acetic acid does n dissolve true res9s1 b x has "s action on gum res9s4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,x is refrig]ant1 & may be advantage\sly adm9i/]$ 9 hemorrhage2 especially 9 cases :]e ! acetate ( lead has be5 giv51 s9ce ! solubility ( ?is latt] sub/ance is increas$ by x4 ,see ,=m4 #eg2 ext]nally1 x may be a conv5i5t adjunct to lotions conta9+ lead4 ,see ,=m4 #adg4 ,9 consequ5ce ( its *emical action ^u osse\s matt]1 x has be5 mu* employ$ at ! ,gl\ce/] ,infirm>y to ha/5 exfoliation ( c>i\s bone4 ,,adult]ations4 ,sulphuric ,acid may be detect$ by a precipitate be+ produc$ on ! addition ( acetate ( b>yta3 ?is te/ h[ev] w n answ] = its detection 9 common v9eg>1 = ! reason /at$ "u t article4 ,see ,acetum4 ,sulphur\s ,acid may be recognis$ by draw+ a little ( ! vap\r into ! lungs4 ,! pres5ce ( ,nitric ,acid may be discov]$ by saturat+ ! suspect$ sample ) pure potass1 evaporat+ to dryness1 & !n treat+ ! product ) a highly conc5trat$ alcohol1 ! acetate ( potass w be ?us dissolv$1 b z x ex]ts no action on ! ,nitrate x w be f\nd 9 ! residuum1 & may be recognis$ by its deflagration1 :5 ?r[n ^u burn+ *>coal2#ccb ,copp] may be detect$ by ! acid assum+ a blue col\r1 :5 sup]saturat$ ) ammonia2 & ,lead1 by a solution ( sulphurett$ hydrog51 produc+ a d>k col\r$ precipitate4 ,t9 h[ev] is ! metal ) :i* di/ill$ v9eg> is m usually contam9at$1 = no vegetable acid w act ^u lead :ile any t9 is pres5t 9 ! mixture1 s9ce ! latt]1 be+ m oxidable ?an ! =m]1 is exclusively dissolv$4 ,,acidum ,,aceticum ,,=tius4 ,l4 7,acidum ,aceticum47 7e ,ligno ,de/illatum47 vulgo1 ,pyroligne\s ,acid4 ,! acetic acid f wood has be5 v g5]ally introduc$ to sup]s$e ! use ( di/ill$ v9eg> = ! purposes ( ,m$ic9e & ! ,arts4#ccc ,x is at l5g? f\nd to be capable ( su* complete sep>ation f all =eign matt] z to af=d a p]fectly pure acetic acid1 inv>iable 9 its acidify+ p[]1 & immutable 9 its *emical prop]ties4 ,9 ju/ice to ! skill & indu/ry ( ,messrs4 ,beaufoy & ,co4 ( ,s\? ,lambe?1 ,i beg to /ate t ,i h exam9$ v>i\s specim5s ( ?is acid f _! manufactory1 & t ,i f9d x free f ^? impurities :i* h hi!rto con/itut$ an insup]able objection to its introduction into ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica4 ,! purifi$ ,pyroligne\s acid1 manufactur$ by ?is company1 & sold "u ! "n ( 8,improv$ ,di/ill$ ,v9eg>10 is p]fectly free f any unpleasant ta/e1 z well z col\r & s$im5t2 & x =ms a limpid & col\rless solution ) ammonia4 ,! common di/ill$ v9eg> ( ! %ops v>ies ess5tially 9 /r5g? z well z purity1 diff]+ 9 acidify+ p[] f #cj to #dj p] c5t4 9 value3 x is sometimes #g degrees1 & at o!rs less ?an #e1 by ! ,rev5ue ,acetomet]2#ccd & h5ce has aris5 ! difficulty ( procur+ an uni=m article = m$ical application1 a difficulty :i* ! introduction ( ! pyroligne\s acid seems calculat$ to ov]come1 z x may be procur$ f ! manufactur]s ( any degree ( conc5tration1#cce f #f degrees ( ! ,acetomet]1 or #bhbf p] c5t4 ( real acetic acid to #acj degrees1 or #fadi p] c5t4 ( acid2 & ev5 ( /ill high] /r5g? if requir$2 _! common1 or ,pro( acid is ab\t equival5t 9 /r5g? to t ( ! be/ ,malt ,v9eg>1 ( :i* #ajj gra9s w saturate #ad gra9s ( cry/alliz$ ,sub-c>bonate ( ,soda1 & consequ5tly conta9s #dgc p] c5t4 ( real acid1 & w require at lea/ "o half "p ( wat] to r$uce x to ! /r5g? ( ! be/ common di/ill$ v9eg>4 ,x is f\nd t acetic acid ( #de p] c5t4 real acid1 or ( #ie ( acetomet] /r5g?1 dissolves ,camphor & ! ,ess5tial ,oils v readily4 ,! 8,,acidum ,,aceticum ,,=tius10 :i* is n[ introduc$ into ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica ( ! ,london ,college1 is direct$ to h a specific gravity ( #ajdf4ccf ,x is exactly six times ! /r5g? ( ,pro( v9eg>1 or ! /rong ,malt v9eg> manufactur$1 b x requires to be dilut$ ) n9e times its weight ( wat] to r$uce x to ! /r5g? ( ! ord9>y samples ( di/ill$ v9eg>4 ,mr4 ,phillips /ates1 t he has n met ) acetic acid ( great] specific gravity ?an #ajdc1ccg be+ five times ! /r5g? ( v9eg> ( specific gravity #ajji4cch ,! /ronge/ acid t c be procur$ is ! ,glacial acid1 :i* exi/s 9 a cry/alliz$ /ate "u #ej ,fah4 ,x conta9s #gi p] c5t4 ( real acid1 & is consequ5tly ( ! /r5g? ( #afge ( ! ,acetomet]4 ,if ?is acid be kept p]fectly /ill1 x may be r$uc$ sev]al degrees bel[ its cry/alliz+ po9t 9 a fluid /ate1 :5 ! slighte/ agitation ( ! vessel in/antly occasions x to solidify4 ,x w greatly facilitate our inquiries into ! /r5g? ( diff]5t samples ( acetic acid to "k1 t ! repres5tative numb]s ( acetic acid & pure :ite m>ble co9cide on ! scale ( equival5ts2 x !re=e foll[s t ! weight ( m>ble dissolv$ by a hundr$ gra9s ( any acetic acid1 w at once repres5t ! p]c5tage ( real acid 9 su* a sample4 ,! ,impure ,pyroligne\s acid1 z x fir/ comes ov]1 contam9at$ ) ,t>1 has1 x is said1 be5 v successfully employ$ z a lotion 9 ,lepra1 scrophul\s ulc]ations1 *ronic inflammation ( ! eyes1 & edges ( ! eye-lids1 & = promot+ dige/ion ( irritative ulc]s1 or ^? connect$ ) c>i\s bone4 ,x has also be5 inject$ into s9uses to produce heal?y dis*>ge & adhesive inflammation4#cci ,m4 ,monge discov]$ t ?is acid has ! prop]ty ( prev5t+ ! decomposition ( animal sub/ances2 x is suffici5t to plunge meat = a few mom5ts 9 ?is acid1 ev5 slightly empyreumatic1 to pres]ve x z long z y please4 8,putrefaction10 x is said1 8n only /ops b retrogrades40 ,to ! empyreumatic oil a "p ( ?is effect has be5 ascrib$1 & h5ce has be5 expla9$ ! ag5cy ( wood smoke 9 ! pres]vation ( tongues1 hams1 h]r+s1 c4 ,,acidum ,,acetosum ,,=te1 ,e4 ,acidum ,aceticum4 ,d4 ,radical ,v9eg>4 ,! process = ?is prep>ation has n reta9$ its place 9 ! ,london ,ph>macopia1 z x is n[ univ]sally sup]s$$ by ! ,acetic acid di/ill$ f wood4 ,s9ce h[ev] x possesses peculi> *emical habitudes1 x claims "s notice 9 ?is "w4 ,! conc5trat$ acid obta9$ f ! decomposition ( acetic salts1 by ! action ( sulphuric acid1 is pung5t1 acrid1 & volatile1 & :5 heat$ ) free access ( air1 x takes fire v readily4 ,its solv5t p[]s are mu* great] ?an ^? ( di/ill$ v9eg>2 x is capable ( dissolv+ camphor1 res9s1 & ess5tial oils#cdj copi\sly1 b !y are precipitat$ by dilution2 x comb9es ) alcohol1 & =ms a species ( e!r2 ) wat] x unites 9 any proportion1 heat be+ evolv$ by ! mixture4 ,gold1 plat9um1 glass1 & e>!nw>e1 c alone reta9 ?is acid )\t be+ corrod$4 ,x bli/]s ! sk9 imm$iately4 ,i %all conclude ?is article by ! introduction ( a ,table1 :i* ,i h con/ruct$ ) consid]able c>e1 = ! use ( ! practical ,*emi/4 ,! accuracy ( ! results may be dep5d$ ^u1 s9ce x has be5 te/$ by sev]al diff]5t modes ( enquiry4 ,! ,m$ic9al ,dynamet] w give ! equival5ts 9 any o!r d5om9ation t may be requir$4 ,a ,,table ,,exhibit+ ,,! ,,acetomet] ,,/r5g?s1 ,,specific ,,gravities1 ,,p]c5tage ,,( ,,real ,,acid1 ,,equival5t ,,value1 ,,& ,,saturat+ ,,p[]1 ,,( ,,! ,,m ,,important ,,prep>ations ,,( ,,acetic ,,acid4 ,,acids4 ,gra9s ( ,sub- c>bonate ( ,soda saturat$ ,p]c5tage by #ajj ,acetomet],specific ( real ,equival5tsgra9s ( /r5g?4 ,gravity4 ,acid4 9 ,m9ims4 acid4 ,acetum ,de/illatum #ei #ajje #bhj #haj #heh ,d #f #ajjf #bhbf #hjc #hff ,d #g #ajjg #cdb #ffc #ajdh ,d #aj #ajji #dgc #dhj #ade ,acetum 7,pro(7 #aj #ajad #dgc #dhj #ade ,acid ,acetic3 ,=t4 #ej #ajdc #bcfg #if #gbe ,acid ,acet3 ,=t4 ,p4 ,l4 #fj #ajdh #bhdc #hj #hg ,acid3 ,acet3 ,=t4 #ge #ajei #cedge #fd #ajhge ,acid3 ,acetic1 ,d4 ,acid3 ,acetos3 ,=t4 ,e4 #ade #ajgj #fhe #cca #bajbe ,acid3 ,acetic3 ,=t4 7,glacial47 #afg4e #ajfc #gi #bhf #bdbhge ,! read] w obs]ve an anomaly ) reg>d to ! specific gravity ( ! acid ( #ade ( ! acetomet]1 :5 comp>$ ) ! glacial acid4 ,! fact is1 t by dilut+ ?is latt] prep>ation ) a small portion ( wat] we augm5t its specific gravity1 a circum/ance peculi> to ?is acid4 ,,acidum ,,b5zoicum4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,b5zoic ,acid4 ,vulgo1 ,fl[]s ( ,b5zo91 or ,b5jam94 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 small fea!ry cry/als ( a brilliant :ite col\r1 :i* are n brittle1 b possess a k9d ( ductility & ela/icity1 &1 on be+ rubb$ 9 a mort>1 assume ! consi/5ce ( pa/e4 ,od\r4 ,z g5]ally met )1 x possesses a peculi> aromatic smell1 b ?is dep5ds ^u ! oily matt] :i* adh]es to x1 = ,mr4 ,guise in=ms u1 t on dissolv+ ! b5zoic acid 9 z little alcohol z possible1 filt]+ ! solution1 & precipitat+ by wat]1 ! acid w be obta9$ pure1 & void ( smell1 ! odor\s oil rema9+ dissolv$ 9 ! _s4 ,ta/e1 r acrid & s\r2 ,specific ,gravity1 #ffg4 ,x is n alt]$ by exposure to air4 ,,solubility4 ,f\r hundr$ p>ts ( cold wat] dissolve b "o1 al?\gh ! same quantity ( boil+ wat] dissolves tw5ty p>ts1 n9ete5 ( :i* sep>ate on cool+2 9 alcohol x is soluble 9 a mu* great] proportion4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,x is said to be /imulant & expectorant2 9 c]ta9 cases ( tra*eal irritation1 a pill1 compos$ ( two gra9s ( ,b5zoic acid1 & ?ree ( ,extract ( ,poppy1 has be5 f\nd s]viceable4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,t9ctura ,camphor ,composita1 ,l4,d4 ,t9ct3 ,opii ,ammoniat3 ,e4 ,,impurities4 ,! cry/als ought n to be discol\r$2 !y %\ld dissolve )\t residuum 9 alcohol1 & :5 subject$ to heat1 ought to be entirely volatiliz$4 ,al?\gh ?is acid is commonly procur$ f ! res9\s sub/ance call$ ,b5zo91 yet x exi/s ext5sively 9 o!r vegetable1 & 9 "s animal sub/ances4 ,9 ! ,tonca bean 7,dipt]ix odorata7 x is frequ5tly to be se5 beautifully cry/alliz$ on its surface4 ,x exi/s also 9 vanello2 c9namon2 cloves2 amb]gris2 9 ! ur9e ( *ildr51 & sometimes 9 t ( adults1 & always 9 t ( quadrup$s liv+ on grass & hay4 ,,acidum ,,citricum4 7,cry/alli7 ,citric ,acid4 ,concrete ,acid ( ,lemons4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 cry/als :i* are "r rhombic prisms1 :ite1 semi-transp>5t1 & p]si/5t4 ,ta/e1 extremely acid1 almo/ cau/ic4 ,,solubility1 fj ( cold wat] dissolves x1 b ( boil+1 ij4 x ( ! cry/als dissolv$ 9 a p9t ( wat]1 are ab\t equival5t to "o p9t ( lemon juice1 ! solution h[ev] if kept is liable to spontane\s decomposition4 ,! foll[+ table ( equival5ts may be f\nd ( practical use2 ! au?or is aw>e t !y d n exactly agree ) ! proportions ( ,dr4 ,hayg>?1 b !y are ! results ( c>eful & repeat$ exp]im5ts1 & z su* !y are submitt$ ) confid5ce4 ,,equival5t ,,proportions ,,( ,,concrete ,,citric ,,acid ,,& ,,lemon ,,juice1 ,,necess>y ,,= ,,! ,,neutralization ,,( ,,alkal9e ,,salts4 ,citric ,acid4 ,lemon ,juice4 ,a ,scruple ( ,alkalies4 grs4 x4 fiij ,c>bonate ( ,potass4 grs4 xv4 fiiij ,sub-,c>bonate ( ,potass4 grs4 xxv4 fvij ,sub-,c>bonate ( ,ammonia4 ,^! alkal9e citrates are decompos$ by ! oxalic1 t>t>ic1 & ! /rong] m9]al acids1 & by ! solutions ( lime & b>ytes4 ,=m4 #ajg1 #abc1 #acg1 #afh4 ,citric acid decomposes ! foll[+ salts1 viz4 ,! ,alkal9e1 ,e>?y1 & ,metallic ,c>bonates2 ! ,alkal9e & ,metallic ,acetates2 ! ,sulphurets ( ,e>?s & ,alkalies1 & ,alkal9e ,soaps4 ,x is also incompatible ) ,t>trate ( ,potass1 :i* x conv]ts into citrate & sup]-t>trate ( potass4 ,x curdles ! milk ( mo/ animals1 b x does n produce t effect on human milk1 :e!r appli$ hot or cold4 ,,adult]ations4 ,t>t>ic ,acid1 ) :i* x is sometimes mix$1 may be detect$ by add+ to ! solution an excess ( ,potass1 :i* w in/antly =m ) x an insoluble sup]-t>trate1 & precipitate 9 granul> cry/als1 or1 if a little ( ! suspect$ acid be saturat$ ) potass1 & !n boil$ ) a dilute solution ( muriate ( ,plat9um1 if t>t>ic acid be pres5t1 a black protoxide ( ,plat9um w be precipitat$4 ,if we add ! t>trate ( potass = ?is purpose1 we may be deceiv$1 = ! citric acid1 by neutraliz+ a portion ( its base1 w conv]t ! rema9d] into sup]-t>trate4 ,see ,potass ,t>tras4 ,sulphuric ,acid is kn[n by ! acetate ( lead produc+ a precipitate1 insoluble 9 nitric acid4 ,muriatic ,acid may be discov]$ 9 ! same mann]1 sub/itut+ only an acidul\s solution ( nitrate ( silv] = ! acetate ( lead4 ,! pres5ce ( ,oxalic ,acid may be inf]r$1 if ! solution1 :5 add$ to t ( sulphate ( lime1 produce a precipitate4 ,malic acid has ! p[] ( precipitat+ silv]1 m]cury1 & lead1 f _! solutions 9 nitric acid1 b no d\bt or difficulty c arise f ?is circum/ance1 = ! fact ( its =m+ a soluble salt ) lime w prev5t e *ance ( accid5tal intrusion1 & its price at once secures u aga9/ its fraudul5t introduction2 x might moreov] be easily detect$ by ?r[+ ! suspect$ precipitate ^u burn+ coals1 :5 x w\ld be decompos$4 ,:]e ! pres5ce ( lime is suspect$1 x may be kn[n by dissolv+ "s ( ! cry/als 9 wat]1 saturat+ ! solution ) ammonia1 & !n treat+ x ) ! oxalate ( t alkali1 :i*1 if lime be pres5t1 w imm$iately sep>ate x 9 a palpable =m4 ,! juices ( _m o!r fruits besides ! lemon & lime1 w furni% ! citric acid 9 abundance1 & may be obta9$ f !m by a simil> process2 e4 g4 ,,vacc9ium ,,oxycoccus1 ! ,cranb]ry2 ,,prunus ,,padus1 ! ,bird's ,*]ry2 ,,dulcam>a ,,solanum1 ! b]ry ( ! ,night%ade2 ,,cynosbatus1 vel ,,rosa ,,can9a1 ! hep or fruit ( ! ,wild ,bri>4 ,!re are _m plants ^: juices conta9 comb9ations ( ! ,citric & ,malic acids 9 consid]able abundance1 su* z ,,frag>ia ,,vesca1 ! ,wood ,/rawb]ry1 & ! common ,raspb]ry2 ,,ribes ,,rubrum ! ,r$ ,gooseb]ry2 ,,vacc9ium ,,myrtillus1 ! ,bilb]ry2 ,,crat,,gus ,,aria1 ! ,haw?orn2 ,,prunus ,,c]asus1 ! ,black ,*]ry1 c4 ,?is fact is int]e/+1 s9ce ! juices ( su* fruits h be5 long kn[n to possess ! prop]ty ( dissolv+ ! t>t>e\s incru/ations on ! tee?4 ,,acidum ,,hydro-,,cyanicum4 ,hydro-cyanic ,acid4 ,prussic ,acid4 ,?is peculi> acid exi/s 9 a great v>iety ( native comb9ations 9 ! vegetable k+dom1#cda & imp>ts to !m c]ta9 prop]ties :i* h be5 long kn[n1 & e/eem$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 only lately1 t x has be5 adm9i/]$ 9 its simple b dilut$ =m4 ,z few practition]s w *oose to prep>e ! acid1 x seems unnecess>y 9 ! pres5t "w to dwell ^u ! m]its ( ! diff]5t processes :i* h be5 propos$ = its prep>ation2 = a full acc\nt ( !m1 z well z = o!r details ( importance1 ! practition] is advis$ to consult a "w by ,dr4 ,granville1 entitl$ 8,an ,hi/orical & ,practical ,treatise on ! use ( ,prussic ,acid4 ,second ,edition4 ,london1 #ahbj40 ,,qualities4 ,a col\rless transp>5t liquid1 al?\gh x occasionally exhibits a yell[ t+e2 ,od\r l t ( bitt] almonds2 ,ta/e bitt]i% & peculi>3 ^! prop]ties h[ev] are soon lo/ by exposure to air & light1 & ! acid und]goes spontane\s decomposition4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,! true nature ( ,prussic acid 0 n asc]ta9$ until #ahae1 :5 ,gay ,lussac pres5t$ to ! ,royal ,in/itute ( ,france1 a memoir :i* at once develop$ its real *emical con/itution2 & x is n[ admitt$ to consi/ ( a peculi> gase\s & highly inflammable comp\nd ( c>bon & nitrog51 to :i* ! "n ,cyanog5e has be5 assign$1 & ( hydrog52 ! latt] body act+ z ! acidify+ pr9ciple1 :5ce ! t]m ,hydro-cyanic acid is well contriv$ to express its composition4 ,! m$ic9al1 or dilut$ acid1 h[ev]1 conta9s b a small proportion ( ?is conc5trat$ comp\nd2 accord+ to ,m4 ,maj5die1 "o "p ( ! acid ( ,gay ,lussac & eight p>ts & a half ( wat]1 by weight1 or "o "p ( acid ) six times its volume ( wat]1 con/itute ! prep>ation :i* %\ld be us$ 9 m$ic9e2 & :i*1 to avoid ! possibility ( mi/ake1 ought always to be prescrib$ z ! ,acidum ,hydro-cyanicum dilutum1 & is1 9 fact1 ! ,prussic acid ( ,s*eele4 ,dr4 ,ure1 :o has lately tak5 consid]able pa9s ^u ?is subject1 has con/ruct$ a table exhibit+ ! relations betwe5 ! specific gravities1 & quantities ( real acid1 9 prep>ations ( diff]5t /r5g?2 f ^! exp]im5ts x w\ld appe> t an acid ( specific gravity #jiif or #jiig is su* z is usually prescrib$ 9 m$ic9e4#cdb ,,m$ical ,,uses4 ,9 a suffici5t dose1 hydro-cyanic acid in/antly de/roys life by ext+ui%+ ! n]v\s en]gy ( ! body2#cdc b x has at ! same "t be5 obs]v$ t animals submitt$ to its action w\ld (t5 cont9ue to brea! = sev]al h\rs freely1 & to circulate _! blood1 al?\gh no trace ( s5sibility or muscul> contractility c\ld be f\nd aft] its application4 ,?is rem>kable prop]ty ( ext+ui%+ ! g5]al s5sibility1 )\t any o/5sible injury to respiration & circulation1 naturally l$ to a belief t ! hydro-cyanic acid1 or prussic acid1 might be advantage\sly us$ 9 cases ( excessive s5sibility & irritation1 p>ticul>ly :5 ^! two morbid /ates are likely to affect ei!r ! respiratory organs or ! circulation g5]ally4 ,?is k9d ( analogical reason+1 x is said1 induc$ ,pr(essor ,br]a1 t5 ye>s ago1 to adm9i/] x 9 cases ( high pulmon>y & o!r inflammations1 9 doses ( f\r drops twice a day2 :51 z we are told1 ! viol5ce ( ! disease 0 quickly subdu$4 ,! rem$y1 h[ev]1 does n appe> to h excit$ mu* att5tion1 until aft] ! fir/ essay ( ,dr4 ,maj5die1 :o des]ves :atev] cr$it may belong to its introduction4 ,sev5 ye>s ( trial h elaps$1 & ! g5]al s5se ( ! m$ical pr(ession ) respect to its utility may n[ be collect$4 ,z a palliative 9 c]ta9 spasmodic c\ghs1 !re is reason = suppos+ t x may sometimes be useful1 b 9 t species ( pulmon>y irritation = :i* x 0 at fir/ s greatly extoll$1 ,i w v5ture to ass]t t x is f> inf]ior 9 efficacy to well direct$ doses ( ,conium4 ,b !re is ano!r class ( diseases 9 :i* its exhibition is said to prove useful1 9 dyspeptic affections att5d$ ) he>tburn2 :]e x is suppos$ to be capable ( r$uc+ ! morbid irritability ( ! /oma*1 & !reby ( enabl+ ! juices ( t organ to be m sl[ly secret$ & ( a m heal?y "*4 ,dr4 ,elliotson has publi%$ ! result ( 8 treatm5t ( /oma* compla9ts ) ?is m$ic9al ag5t1 & w\ld appe> to appropriate to himself ! m]it ( orig9at+ ! practice1 a claim :i* ,mr4 ,?omson1 9 ! ?ird edition ( 8 ,disp5satory1 refuses to conc$e4#cdd ,z a local rem$y1 prussic acid has also receiv$ no small %>e ( comm5dation1 & x has be5 said t x is ! only application t c be dep5d$ ^u = allay+ ! cutane\s irritation s frequ5tly att5dant ^u c]ta9 impetig9\s affections4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be confess$ t ?is m$ic9e is rapidly decl9+ 9 popul>ity4#cde ,any prejudice rais$ aga9/ x1 ^u ! gr\nd ( its poison\s activity 9 l>ge doses1 is too absurd to be believ$2 ! knife & ! cau/ic are unque/ionably p[]ful1 & may !re=e become dang]\s in/rum5ts2 b :o ev] blames ! surgeon = employ+ a %>p knife or an active cau/ic1 see+ t bo? are to be direct$ by 8 eye1 & guid$ by 8 h&8 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,x may be conv5i5tly adm9i/]$ 9 any liquid vehicle1 z di/ill$ wat]1 camphor mixture1 or 9 "s vegetable infusion4 ,see ,supplem5t>y ,=mul1 #a1 #b1 #c4 ,a "q has lately aris5 :e!r ! effects ( ! prussic acid might n be m conv5i5tly ensur$ by ! adm9i/ration ( "s vegetable#cdf 9 :i* x exi/s z a native +r$i5t2 a company ( associat$ ,physicians1 ,surgeons1 & ,naturali/s at ,flor5ce1 h accord+ly express$ _! jo9t op9ion1 t ! ess5tial oil ( ! ,prunus ,lauro ,c]asus is to be pref]r$ 9 m$ical practice to all o!r prep>ations :i* conta9 ! hydro-cyanic acid2 =1 say !y1 unlike ! di/ill$ wat] ( ! plant1 & pure prussic acid1 x conta9s ! same proportion ( active matt]1 & ( ! same p[]1 :e!r rec5tly prep>$ or n2 :e!r made 9 "o place or ano!r2 or :e!r x has be5 expos$ or n to ! air1 light1 or heat4 ,!y are also ( op9ion t olive oil =ms ! be/ vehicle = its exhibition 9 ! proportion ( "o ounce to twelve drops ( ! ess5tial oil4 ,o!r practition]s aga9 pref] ,laurel ,wat]1 made by di/ill+ two dra*ms ( ! fre% leaves *opp$1 ) f\r ounces ( wat]1 recommitt+ ! di/ill$ wat] twice aft]w>ds on ! same quantity ( fre% leaves1 & mak+ ultimately f\r ounces ( ! m5/ruum1 ( :i* f xxx to fj e six h\rs may be giv5 until a s$ative effect is produc$4 ,see ,oleum ,amygdal ,am>4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,hydro-cyanic acid is decompos$ by mo/ ( ! oxydes usually employ$ 9 m$ic9e1 p>ticul>ly by ^? ( ,m]cury & ,antimony4 ,! alkalies d n appe> to dim9i% its efficacy4 ,nitrate ( ,silv]1 & ! salts ( iron occasion precipitates2 nor ought ! sulphurets1 ! m9]al acids1 or *lor9e to ent] ) x into prescriptions4 ,,dose4 ,( ! m$ic9al1 or dilut$ hydro-cyanic acid1 ij1-viij4 ,!re is h[ev] consid]able difficulty ) reg>d to ! /r5g? ( ! dilute acid employ$ 9 m$ic9e1 s9ce ! d5sity is a crit]ion ( great] nicety ?an c be conv5i5tly us$ by ! majority ( practition]s2 9 fact1 z ,dr4 ,ure has obs]v$1 ! liquid at #jiif1 conta9s ab\t d\ble ! quantity ( real acid1 :i* x does at #jiih4 ,dr4 ,ure has accord+ly propos$ ano!r te/ ( ! /r5g? ( ?is p[]ful & dang]\s m$ic9e1 :i* is n only easi] 9 use1 b m delicate 9 its indications2#cdg x is z foll[s4 ,to #ajj gra9s1 or any o!r conv5i5t quantity ( ! prussic acid1 conta9$ 9 a small phial1 add 9 succession1 small quantities ( ! p]oxide ( m]cury1 7! common r$ precipitate ( ! %ops7 9 f9e p[d]1 till x ceases to be dissolv$ on agitation4 ,! weight ( ! r$ precipitate tak5 up1 be+ divid$ by f\r1 gives a quoti5t repres5t+ ! quantity ( real prussic acid pres5t4 ,by weigh+ out be=e h&1 on a piece ( pap]1 or a wat* glass1 =ty or fifty gra9s ( ! p]oxide1 ! residual weight ( x %ews at once ! quantity exp5d$4 ,! op]ation may always be complet$ 9 five m9utes1 = ! r$ precipitate dissolves z rapidly 9 ! dilute prussic acid1 ) ! aid ( slight agitation1 z sug> dissolves 9 wat]4 ,,adult]ations4 ,if1 says ,dr4 ,ure1 ! pres5ce ( muriatic acid be suspect$1 !n ! specific gravity ( ! liquid comp>$ ) ! gravity ( ! p]oxide dissolv$1 w %ew h[ f> ! suspicion is well f\nd$2 ?us if #ajj gra9s ( acid1 specific gravity #jiif1 dissolve m ?an #ab gra9s ( ! r$ precipitate1 we may be sure t ! liquid has be5 contam9at$ ) muriatic acid4 ,nitrate ( ,silv]1 9 common cases1 s valuable a reag5t = muriatic acid1 is un=tunately ( little use "h1 = x gives ) prussic acid1 a floccul5t :ite precipitate1 soluble 9 wat] ( ammonia1 & insoluble 9 nitric acid1 :i* may easily be mi/ak5 by common obs]v]s1 = ! *loride ( t metal4 ,b ! diff]5ce 9 ! volatility ( prussiate & muriate ( ammonia may be _h rec\rse to ) advantage2 ! =m] exhal+ at a v g5tle heat1 ! latt] requir+ a sublim+ temp]ature ( ab\t #cjj ,fah4 ,aft] add+ ammonia 9 slight excess to ! prussic acid1 if we evaporate to dryness at a heat ( #bab1 we may inf] f ! residu>y sal ammoniac1 ! quantity ( muriatic acid pres5t4 ,,antidotes4 ,to c\nt]act ! poison\s effect ( prussic acid1 ,orfila recomm5ds1 aft] full vomit+ has be5 excit$1 ! exhibition ( ?ree or f\r spoonsful ( oil ( turp5t9e1 9 ! infusion ( c(fee1 at int]vals ( half an h\r4 ,m4 ,virey conceives t sulphate ( iron 9 solution is ! be/ antidote1 he hav+ obs]v$ t ! salt re/or$ a c[ t 0 ne>ly kill$ by ! ess5tial oil ( bitt] almonds4 ,:5 an ov]dose has be5 tak51 hot br&y & wat]1 & ! ammoniat$ t9cture ( iron are recomm5d$ by ,mr4 ,?omson2 on ! =m] ,i %\ld rely ) mu* great] confid5ce ?an ^u ! latt] antidote1 or1 9 o!r words1 x is f vital ag5ts1 c\nt]act+ its s$ative influ5ce1 r ?an f *emical sub/ances1 *ang+ its composition1 t we c expect any b5efit ^u su* an occasion4 ,= ! *emical processes by :i* ! pres5ce ( ?is acid may be asc]ta9$1 ! read] may consult my "w on ,m$ical ,jurisprud5ce1 vol4 #b1 p4 #djh4 ,,acidum ,,muriaticum4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,muriatic ,acid4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 a liquid ( ! specific gravity #aaf1 a fluid-ounce ( :i* weighs ab\t #ebg gra9s1 & accord+ to ,dr4 ,p[ell ought1 :5 dilut$1 to dissolve #bbj gra9s ( lime/one4 ,od\r1 /rong & pung5t2 if expos$ to ! air x emits :ite fumes4 ,ta/e1 int5sely s\r & cau/ic2 x is h[ev] ! weake/ ( ! ?ree m9]al acids2 & no rem>kable elevation ( temp]ature is produc$ by dilution4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,! liquid acid is a solution ( muriatic acid gas 9 wat]2 :5 ( ! specific gravity #aaf1 accord+ to ,davy1 x conta9s #cbcb p] c5t ( ! gas1 :i* rec5t exp]im5ts h %ewn to be a comp\nd ( ,*lor9e 7,oxy-muriatic acid7 & hydrog5 9 equal volumes4 ,x has !re=e receiv$ a "n expressive ( its composition1 & is call$ ,hydro-*loric#cdh acid4 ,we accord+ly f9d t ! =m] elem5t is dis5gag$ f muriatic acid by add+ any sub/ance capable ( unit+ ) its hydrog54 ,= ! purpose ( obta9+ ,*lor9e1 we may take ?ree p>ts ( common salt1 "o ( black oxide ( manganese1 & r less ?an ?ree ( /rong sulphuric acid4#cdi ,acc\nts h be5 receiv$ f ,spa91 t 9 ! mid/ ( ! dreadful contagion :i* reign$ 9 t c\ntry1 ! inhabitants always escap$ 9 ^? h\ses :]e fumigations ( *lor9e _h be5 us$4 ,9 our own c\ntry1 ! ,p5it5ti>y has lately und]gone fumigation by ?is gas1 "u ! sup]9t5dance ( ,mr4 ,f>aday4#cej ,muriatic acid gas has also be5 /rongly recomm5d$ = ! same purpose2 x may be easily evolv$ by p\r+ sulphuric acid on common salt4 ,if nitric & muriatic acids be mix$1 a mutual decomposition takes place1 ( :i* wat]1 *lor9e1 & nitr\s acid are ! results2 ?is con/itutes 8nitro-muriatic acid10 ! ,aqua regia ( ! old] *emi/s4 ,a ba? acidulat$ ) an acid ( ?is k9d has be5 recomm5d$ by ,dr4 ,scott1 z a p[]ful rem$y = diseases ( ! liv] 9 p>ticul>1 & z a sub/itute = m]cury 9 g5]al4 ,on ! possible influ5ce ( ?is ba?1 ,i w\ld beg to make "o obs]vation1--t ! ext5sive application ( a dilute acid to ! surface ( ! body1 is1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 capable ( affect+ ! b[els4 ,i h witness$ su* an effect f spong+ ) v9eg> & wat]4 ,9 ?is way ! acidulat$ ba? may occasionally produce b5efit1 b x is extremely difficult to conceive h[ x c be indebt$ = its utility to any o!r mode ( op]ation4 7,see ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce & ! ,arts1 ,no4 #b47 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,muriatic acid %\ld be adm9i/]$ 9 "s bl& fluid1 z b>ley wat]1 gruel1 c4 7,=mula #ade47 ,i h uni=mly exhibit$ x ) success 9 ! mo/ malignant cases ( typhus & sc>lat9a1 dur+ sev]al ye>s ext5sive practice 9 ! ,we/m9/] ,hospital4 ,see page #aeg4 ,we %\ld be c>eful n to apportion its dose 9 a lead5 or pewt] spoon4 ,! antiseptic prop]ties ( ?is acid h be5 long kn[n2 ,sir ,wm4 ,=dyce relates t a 8dry-salt]0 acquir$ a l>ge =tune f possess+ a secret t _h enabl$ him to s5d out provisions to ,india 9 a bett] /ate ( pres]vation ?an any o!rs ( ! trade2 8 secret consi/$ 9 add+ a small quantity ( muriatic acid to ! cont5ts ( ea* cask4 ,aft] a copi\s evacuation ( ! b[els1 x is 9 my exp]i5ce ! mo/ efficaci\s rem$y = prev5t+ ! g5]ation ( worms2 = :i* purpose ! infusion ( quassia1 /rong] ?an t ( ! ,ph>macopia1 is ! be/ vehicle4 ,,dose1 v-xx1 frequ5tly repeat$4 ,x may be "h obs]v$ t :]e ! p]man5t influ5ce ( an acid is requir$1 a m9]al "o %\ld be always pref]r$1 z su* bodies appe> to be beyond ! control ( ! dige/ive process1#cea & are incapable ( be+ decompos$ by x2 see ,=m4 #aeh1 :]eas on ! contr>y x seems probable t ! organs ( assimilation h comm& ov] ^? ( a vegetable nature1 & g5]ally decompose !m4 ,dr4 ,m>cet has v judici\sly notic$ ?is fact 9 8 lum9\s "w on ! treatm5t ( calculi1 & ,i h v5tur$ to (f] "s f>!r obs]vations ^u ?is subject1 :i* may be ( practical value1 "u ! consid]ation ( ,li?on?ryptics1 page #abc4 ,,adult]ations4 ,sulphuric acid is detect$ by dilut+ ! acid ) six p>ts ( di/ill$ wat]1 & add+ a few drops ( ! muriate ( b>yta1 :i* occasions a :ite precipitate if any be pres5t4 ,iron1 by saturat+ a dilut$ portion ) pure c>bonate ( soda1 & add+ prussiate ( potass1 :i* w indicate its pres5ce by a blue precipitate2 or by a solution ( ammonia1 :i*1 :5 add$ slightly 9 excess1 ?r[s d[n ! p]oxide ( iron ( a r$di% yell[ col\r4 ,copp]1 by ! production ( a blue col\r :5 sup]saturat$ ) ammonia4 ,! yell[ t+e ( ! acid usually met ) 9 comm]ce1 may dep5d ei!r ^u ! pres5ce ( iron1 vegetable extractive1 or a small portion ( *lor9e4 ,?is latt] body may be recognis$ by ! od\r1 or by its p[] ( dissolv+ gold leaf4 ,,acidum ,,nitricum4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,nitric ,acid4 ,aqua ,=tis4 ,,qualities4 ,a limpid liquid ( ! specific gravity #aejj1 a fluid-ounce ( :i* is equal to ab\t #aa dra*ms1 #a scruple by weight1 & ought to decompose ( pure lime/one an ounce2 x emits :ite fumes ( a suffocat+ od\r4 ,ta/e1 extremely acid2 x is highly corrosive1 & t+es ! sk9 indelibly yell[2 an effect :i* is consid]ably height5$ by ! subsequ5t application ( an alkali1 s t ^! ag5ts af=d ! means ( detect+ m9ute portions ( animal matt]1 & 7 +5i\sly employ$ = su* an object by ,mr4 ,hat*ett4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,:5 ( ! specific gravity #aejj1 x conta9s #gdhie p] c5t4 ( dry acid2 7^: ultimate elem5ts are "o portion ( nitrog5 & five ( oxyg57 ! complim5t #beaje p>ts is wat]4 ,x is decompos$ ) viol5t action by all combu/ibles1 & :5 mix$ ) volatile oils1 x causes _! inflammation4 ,x boils at #baj1 & :5 its specific gravity is bel[ #ad1 x is /r5g!n$1 :5 /rong] ?an #ade x is weak5$ by ebullition4 ,,uses4 ,x is pr9cipally employ$ z a ph>maceutical ag5t2 viz4 = ! prep>ation ( ,arg5ti ,nitras2 ,liquor ,f]ri ,alkal9i2 ,hydr>gyri ,nitri-co-oxydum2 ,spiritus ,e!ris ,nitrici2 & ,ungu5tum ,hydr>gyri ,nitratis4 ,z an es*>otic x has be5 frequ5tly employ$ = ! de/ruction ( tum\rs1 & is c]ta9ly ( value :]e an imm$iate de/ruction ( diseas$ p>ts is requir$4 ,! me?od ( us+ ! /rong nitric acid 9 su* cases is to sme> all ! s\nd p>ts 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! ulc] ) ,ung3 ,res93 ,nig3 & !n to apply pl$gets ( l9t firmly ^u ! ulc] = a few seconds1 by :i* ! :ole surface w be dead5$1 & a deep sl\gh rema91 und]nea? :i* heal?y suppuration & granulations w ensue4#ceb ,,adult]ations4 ,sulphuric acid may be detect$ by a precipitate be+ produc$ on ! addition ( nitrate ( b>yta2 9 ! application h[ev] ( ?is te/1 ,mr4 ,hume has %ewn t unless ?is z well z ! nitric acid be dilut$1 a precipitate w occur1 al?\gh sulphuric acid %\ld n be pres5t2 a circum/ance :i* dep5ds ^u ! b>ytic salt yield+ its wat] ( solution to ! acid "u exam9ation1 & becom+ insoluble4 ,muriatic acid is discov]$ by nitrate ( silv]1 af=d+ a precipitate at fir/ :ite1 b becom+ col\r$ by exposure to light2 ! nitric acid ought to be p]fectly col\rless1 b to pres]ve x 9 su* a /ate x mu/ be closely /opp$1 & kept 9 a d>k place1 or x w soon be conv]t$ into nitr\s acid4 ,,acidum ,,nitricum ,,dilutum4 ,l4 ,acidum ,nitrosum ,dilutum4 ,e4,d4 ,dilute ,nitric ,acid4 ,x is mu* to be regrett$ t ! proportion ( wat] direct$ = ! dilution ( ! acid1 v>ies consid]ably 9 ! diff]5t ph>macopias2 t prep>$ accord+ to ! ,ed9burgh & ,dubl9 =mul1 be+ 9 /r5g? to t ( ! pres5t ,ph>macopia ( ,london1 z #d to #a3 specific gravity1 #ajhj2 ea* fluid-dra*m conta9s ne>ly #h gra9s ( ! conc5trat$ acid1 & saturates #ah gra9s ( cry/alliz$ sub-c>bonate ( soda4 ,,dose x to xl4 ,! acid is a v p[]ful anti-phlogi/ic rem$y2 x has be5 mu* extoll$ 9 diseases ( ! liv]1 & 9 syphilis4 ,mr4 ,pe>son h[ev] obs]ves t we ought n to rely ^u x 9 any =m ( lues v5]ea1 al?\gh x may be (t5 s]viceable 9 re/ra9+ ! progress ( ! disease :5 an impair$ con/itution or o!r circum/ances r5d] ! exhibition ( m]cury improp]2 :5 suffici5tly dilute1 x =ms an excell5t lotion = old indol5t ulc]s4 ,x proves also expectorant1 see ,=m4 #aci1 #adj2 & x is occasionally us$ ) success = ! purpose ( c\nt]act+ ! consecutive effects ( opium4 ,see ,=m4 #af4 ,,acidum ,,nitrosum4 ,e4,d4 ,nitr\s ,acid4 ,,qualities4 ,a liquid emitt+ fumes ( a flame-r$ col\r1 & ( a v pung5t & rem>kable od\r4 ,! acid is ei!r blue1 gre51 /raw-col\r$1 cle> orange yell[1 accord+ to ! proportion ( nitr\s acid gas#cec ) :i* x is *>g$4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,?is acid is improp]ly d5om9at$ ,nitr\s1 = x is nitric acid1 hold+ nitr\s acid gas loosely comb9$2 by dilution ?is la/ con/itu5t is dis5gag$1 & ! acid1 aft] pass+ ?r\gh a succession ( diff]5t col\rs1 becomes pure nitric acid2 ! application ( a g5tle heat effects ! same *anges4 ,,acidum ,,sulphuricum4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,sulphuric ,acid4 ,oil ( ,vitriol1 ,vitriolic ,acid4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 a ?ick liquid ( an oily consi/5ce1 specific gravity #ahe2 a fluid-ounce weighs a fraction ( a gra9 m ?an f\rte5 dra*ms4 ,col\r1 none1 b x acquires a br[n t+e f ! smalle/ portion ( c>bonace\s matt]2 m]e exposure to ! air is suffici5t = ?is purpose1 9 consequ5ce ( ! acid disorganiz+ & c>bonat+ ! vegetable & animal matt] susp5d$ 9 ! atmosph]e2 x is !re=e evid5t t bottles 9 :i* x is pres]v$ ought n to h /opp]s ( cork1 b ^? ( glass4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,l ! o!r m9]al acids1 x has nev] be5 obta9$ 9 an insulat$ /ate )\t wat]2 accord+ to ,davy1 ! composition ( ! /ronge/ acid may be ?us express$3 sulphur #cj1 oxyg5 #de1 wat] #ag4 ,x has a v p[]ful aff9ity = wat]1 & produces :5 mix$ ) x a v consid]able heat2 expos$ to ! atmosph]e x imbibes at lea/ sev5 times its own weight ( wat]1 & s rapidly z to d\ble its weight 9 a mon?2 :5 ( ! specific gravity #ahe1 x rises 9 vap\r at ab\t #eej1 & di/ils unalt]$1 :]eas weak] acids lose wat] by be+ boil$1 & are br\ght to t degree ( conc5tration2 :5 dilut$ ) #ab or #ac p] c5t4 ( wat]1 an acid results ( ! specific gravity #aghj1 & 9 ?is /ate ( dilution x boils at #dce1 & freezes soon] ?an wat]2 a k ( ?is curi\s fact sugge/s to ! prud5t *emi/ an important precaution2 ,mr4 ,p>kes1 9 8 ,*emical ,essays1 vol4 ii4 relates ! occurr5ce ( a t]rible accid5t :i* happ5$ 9 consequ5ce ( ?is circum/ance n hav+ be5 att5d$ to4--8,c>boy aft] c>boy bur/ by ! expansion ( ! acid 9 ! act ( freez+1 & _h n ! pack$ c>boys t rema9$ be5 imm$iately imm]s$ 9 tepid wat]1 n a s+le "o w\ld h escap$ ! g5]al wreck40 ,,adult]ations4 ,! ord9>y acid ( ! %ops conta9s 9 g5]al #c or #d p] c5t4 ( sal9e matt]1 :i* consi/s ( ab\t two-?irds ( sulphate ( potass1 & "o-?ird ( sulphate ( lead4 ,dr4 ,ure obs]ves1 t ev5 m is occasionally f\nd1 9 consequ5ce ( ! employm5t ( nitre to remove ! br[n col\r giv5 to ! acid by c>bonace\s matt]2 ! am\nt ( adult]ation1 he obs]ves1 may be readily det]m9$ by evaporat+ a def9ite weight ( ! acid 9 a small capsule ( plat9um2 ^! impurities h[ev] 9 a m$ical po9t ( view are immat]ial1 s9ce !y are at once sep>at$ by dilution1 b 9 a comm]cial s5se !y des]ve att5tion1 z _! pres5ce consid]ably increases ! specific gravity ( ! acid4 ,dr4 ,ure is ( op9ion t g5u9e comm]cial acid %\ld nev] exce$ #ahdhe1 & t any d5sity beyond ?is is ! effect ( sal9e comb9ation4 ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce & ! ,arts1 ,no4 #g4 ,,acidum ,,sulphuricum ,,dilutum4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,dilute ,sulphuric ,acid4 ,by ! dilution ( ?is acid two objects are accompli%$1--x is purifi$1 & its dose is m easily apportion$2 b x is a circum/ance ( regret t ! /r5g? ( ?is prep>ation %\ld s mat]ially v>y 9 ! diff]5t ,ph>macopias4 ,aft] ! acid is dilut$1 ! s$im5t ought to be c>efully remov$1 & ! wat] employ$ = ! purpose %\ld be di/ill$1 = al?\gh x be 9 its pure/ natural /ate1 x w nev]!less conta9 impregnations capable ( affect+ ! acid4 ,,uses4 ,9 addition to ! antiseptic & refrig]ant virtues :i* x possesses 9 common ) ! o!r m9]al acids1 x has a/r+5t prop]ties t r5d] x a mo/ valuable m$ic9e1 especially 9 weakness & relaxation ( ! dige/ive organs1 9 colliquative sweats1 9 int]nal hmorrhagy2 9 ,epi/axis & ,hemop?ysis x 0 ,syd5ham's fav\rite rem$y2 on ! same acc\nt1 :5 suffici5tly dilute1 x has be5 successfully us$ z a collyrium 9 ! atonic /ages ( oph?almia1 & z an injection 9 protract$ gonorrha4 ,dose1 x to xl1 ! quantity ( /rong sulphuric acid 9 any giv5 quantity ( ! dilute may be f\nd by ! ,dynamet]4 ,to prev5t x f injur+ ! enamel ( ! tee? x may be suck$ ?r\gh a quill1 & ! m\? %\ld be c>efully wa%$ aft] ea* dose4 ,! ,infusum ,ros furni%es an elegant vehicle = its adm9i/ration4 ,see ,=m4 #dj4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,acidum ,sulphuricum ,aromaticum4#ced ,e4 ,infusum ,ros4 ,l4 ,,acidum ,,t>t>icum4 ,l4 ,t>t>ic ,acid4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 ,cry/als ( consid]able size1 ^: prim>y =m is an oblique rhombic prism2 !y d n deliquesce :5 expos$ to ! air1 b melt at a heat a little exce$+ #bab4 ,ta/e1 v acid & agreeable4 ,,solubility4 ,wat] at #fj dissolves ab\t "o-fif? ( its weight1 & :5 boil+1 a mu* great] proportion4 ,! solution1 :i*1 if saturat$1 has ! specific gravity #abcj1 acquires1 :5 dilut$1 l t ( mo/ vegetable acids1 a m\ldy pellicle by keep+4 ,! saturat+ p[] ( cry/alliz$ t>t>ic acid is almo/ exactly equal to t ( cry/alliz$ citric acid1 ! atomic weight ( ! =m] be+ #gf1 & t ( ! latt] #ge4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,:5 uncomb9$ ) wat]1 z x exi/s 9 t>trate ( potass1 x is compos$ ( #e atoms ( oxyg51 #c atoms ( hydrog51 & #d atoms ( c>bon4 ,! cry/als consi/ ( #a atom ( acid & #a ( wat]4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,alkalies1 ,e>?s1 & _! c>bonates2 ! salts ( lime & lead4 ,! solutions ( ! salts ( potass are conv]t$ by x into bi-t>trate1 or sup]-t>trate4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,x is introduc$ into ! ,ph>macopia z a *eap & effici5t sub/itute = ! citric acid4 ,x is also us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ,sodaic p[d]s1 ,seidlitz p[d]s1 c4 ,,adult]ations4 ,:5 c>elessly prep>$ x w conta9 sulphuric acid1 to detect :i*1 let a portion be dissolv$ 9 di/ill$ wat]1 & a solution ( acetate ( lead be add$4 ,a precipitate w appe> :i*1 if ! acid be pure1 w be entirely r$issolv$ by a few drops ( acetic acid1 or pure nitric acid4 ,if any portion rema9 undissolv$1 sulphuric acid is ! cause4 ,muriate ( ,b>yta also1 :5 sulphuric acid is pres5t1 b n o!rwise1 gives a precipitate insoluble by an excess ( muriatic acid4 ,,aconiti ,,folia4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,aconitum ,napellus4#cee7 ,aconite4 ,woolfsbane1 ,monk%ood4 ,,qualities4 ,ta/e1 mod]ately bitt]1 & acrid1 leav+ 9 ! m\? a pa9ful s5sation ( heat & r\ghness1 foll[$ by numbness 9 ! gums & lips :i* cont9ues = two or ?ree h\rs4 ,od\r1 fa9t & n>cotic2 _! peculi> prop]ties are consid]ably det]iorat$ by dry+4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,m4 ,br&es has asc]ta9$ t ! n>cotic pr9ciple ( ?is plant is a peculi> alkali1 to :i* he has giv5 ! "n ,aconita4#cef ,,solubility1 wat] & alcohol only imp]fectly extract _! virtues4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,x is n>cotic1 & occasions1 9 ov]-doses1 nausea1 vomit+1 v]tigo1 hyp]-ca?>sis1 cold sweats1 convulsions1 & dea?2 effects :i* entirely dep5d ^u its action on ! bra94 ,x 0 fir/ adm9i/]$ 9 #agjb1 by ,/erk1 ( ,vi5na1 9 *ronic rheumatism1 g\t1 s*irrus1 & p>alysis2 m lately x has be5 employ$ 9 scr(ula1 canc]1 & int]mitt5ts1 & x is said ) mu* effect4 ,on acc\nt ( ! v>iable /r5g? ( ! leaves !y c h>dly be giv5 ) safety & effect2 ! extract 7:i* see17 pres5ts ! m eligible =m ( exhibition4 ,! leaves are1 h[ev]1 sometimes giv5 9 ! =m ( p[d]1 g5]ally comb9$ ) "s m]curial alt]ative1 or ) antimonials1 camphor1 & o!r diaphoretics4 ,,dose gr4 i-x4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep3 ,extractum ,aconiti4 ,l4,e4 ,,adeps ,,pr,,p>ata4 ,l4 ,,adeps ,,sui ,,scr(1 vulgo ,axungia ,porc9a4 ,e4 ,,adeps ,,suillus ,,pr,,p>atus4 ,d4 ,prep>$ ,hog's ,l>d4 ,fat4 ,axunge4#ceg ,,qualities4 ,consi/5ce1 s(t or ne>ly semifluid4 ,od\r & ,ta/e1 none2 at #ig x melts4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x consi/s ( two di/9ct bodies :i* appe> to exi/ toge!r 9 a /ate ( me*anical mixture1 viz4 ,/e>91 7f tall[7 :i* is :ite1 brittle1 & 9 appe>ance some:at resembl+ wax2 & ,ela9 7f 1 oil7 v simil> to vegetable oil 9 appe>ance1 & is liquid at #ei4 ,accord+ to ! exp]im5ts ( ,braconnot1 ! proportion ( ,ela9 is to t ( ,/e>91 9 hog's l>d1 z #fb3ch4 ,,solubility4 ,x is insoluble 9 wat] & alcohol2 ) ! alkalies x unites & =ms soaps4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,extracts1 ,spiritu\s ,prep>ations1 ,t9ctures1 & ,infusions1 are incapable ( unit+ p]fectly ) l>d1 )\t "s int]m$ium2 ! foll[+ sub/ances on ! contr>y are capable ( contract+ ) x a mo/ intimate union4 #a4 ,all dry p[d]s1 :e!r ( a vegetable or m9]al nature4 #b4 ,fix$ & ,volatile ,oils4 #c4 ,balsams4 #d4 ,camphor4 #e4 ,soaps4 ,x is pr9cipally employ$ 9 ! =mation ( o9tm5ts1 pla/]s1 & l9im5ts4 ,,rugo4 ,l4 ,d4 7,sub-acetas ,cupri ,impura47 ,,sub-,,acetis ,,cupri4 ,e4 ,v]digris4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 a dry mass compos$ ( m9ute cry/als1 n deliquesc5t2 ,col\r1 blui% gre54 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,sev]al con/itu5ts ent] into its composition1 viz4 ,acetate & sub-acetate ( copp]1 c>bonate ( copp]1 & copp] p>tly metallic & p>tly oxidiz$2 x conta9s also ! /alks ( grapes & o!r extrane\s sub/ances4 ,,solubility4 ,boil+ wat] dissolves x 9 "p1 & produces 9 x a *emical *ange1 by trans=m+ "o portion ( ! sub-acetate into ! soluble acetate1 & ano!r into an oxyd ( copp]1 :i* is precipitat$2 ) cold wat] ?is sub/ance demeans itself diff]5tly1 ! acetate is dissolv$ by x1 :il/ t portion :i* is 9 ! /ate ( sub-salt rema9s susp5d$ 9 ! =m ( a f9e gre5 p[d]4 ,v9eg> conv]ts all ! rugo into a soluble acetate1 ?is liquid !re=e ought nev] to be employ$ = fav\r+ vomit+ 9 cases :]e an ov]dose has be5 swall[$1 = ! reasons /at$ 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is "w1 p4 #acf4 ,sulphuric acid p\r$ on p[d]$ v]digris decomposes x ) eff]vesc5ce1 & vap\rs ( acetic acid are dis5gag$4 ,x appe>s f ! exp]im5ts & obs]vations ( ,duval & ,orfila1 t sug> ex]cises a *emical action on x1 by :i* its solubility is dim9i%$1 & t on ?is acc\nt x acts z a specific aga9/ its poison\s effects4 ,,uses4 ,x is s unc]ta9 & viol5t 9 its op]ation t x is r>ely employ$1 except ext]nally1#ceh :5 x acts z a p[]ful det]g5t1 & mild es*>otic2 & 9 ! =m ( o9tm5t1 is a valuable application = _m cutane\s affections1 especially ! aggravat$ k9ds ( ,tett]4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 rugo ,prp>ata1 ,d4 ,l9im5tum rug9is4 ,l4 ,d4 ,,adult]ations4 ,!re is a spuri\s article sold "u ! "n ( ,engli% ,v]digris1 :i* consi/s ( sulphate ( copp]1 triturat$ ) acetate ( lead2 & to make ! fraud /ill m complete1 ! s(t mass is mix$ ) ! /alks ( ,rais9s4 ,,!r ,,sulphuricus ,,rectificatus4 ,l4 ,rectifi$ ,sulphuric !r4 ,,qualities4 ,a col\rless liquid ( specific gravity #gci4 ,od\r1 pung5t & fragrant2 x is highly volatile1 & :5 p]fectly free f alcohol x boils at #ih2 x is extremely inflammable1 a circum/ance :i* %\ld be rememb]$ :5 x is p\r$ f "o vessel to ano!r by c&le light4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,:5 pure x consi/s ( oxyg51 hydrog51 & c>bon2 ! rectifi$ !r h[ev] /ill conta9s "s wat] & alcohol1 = ,lovitz obta9$ an !r ( #fcb4 ,,solubility4 ,"o "p requires = its solution t5 ( wat]2 ) alcohol & ammonia x unites 9 e proportion4 ,,solv5t ,,p[]s4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful solv5ts kn[n 9 vegetable *emi/ry1 z x dissolves balsams1 res9s1 gum-res9s1 wax1 camphor1 extractive1 c42 x takes up ab\t a tw5tie? ( its weight ( sulphur1 b x ex]ts no solv5t p[] ^u ! fix$ alkalies4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,9 any liquid vehicle1 if 9 decoctions or infusions1 !y %\ld be previ\sly cool$4 ,see ,=mul #bj1 #bb1 #bc4 ,,m$ical ,,uses4 ,x is highly valuable z a diffusible /imulant1 n>cotic1 & antispasmodic4 ,,dose1 fss to fij1 :i*1 9 ord] to produce ! full effect ( ! rem$y1 mu/ be repeat$ at %ort int]vals4 !r1 indep5d5t ( su* virtues1 has ano!r valuable prop]ty consequ5t ^u its rapid evaporation1 t ( produc+ cold & dryness2 x is !re=e1 :5 ext]nally appli$ & all[$ to evaporate1 a mo/ p[]ful refrig]ant1 & has prov$ valuable 9 scalds or burns1 9 facilitat+ ! r$uction ( /rangulat$ h]nia1 & 9 dim9i%+ excessive circulation 9 ! bra92 if h[ev] x be s conf9$1 t its rapid evaporation is prev5t$1 a v opposite effect is produc$1 & x proves /imulant1 rubefaci5t1 & ev5 vesicatory4 ,) reg>d to ! o!r prop]ty incid5tal to x1 t ( produc+ dryness1 ,i am n aw>e t x has hi!rto be5 appli$ to any ph>maceutical purpose2 ! fact may be satisfactorily %ewn by a v simple exp]im5t1--by r9c+ a phial ) !r1 to ! int]ior ( :i* drops ( wat] ob/9ately adh]e1 :5 by expos+ x to a curr5t ( air1 x w be completely dry 9 a few m9utes4 ,x may be notic$ 9 ?is place t a mixture ( sulphuric & muriatic !rs evaporates in/antane\sly1 & produces a degree ( cold consid]ably bel[ #j ( ,fahr5heit4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,spiritus !r3 ,sulph3 ,l4 ,spir3 ?3 ,sulph3 comp3 ,l4 ,spir3 ?3 ,aromat3 ,l4 ,,adult]ations & ,,impurities4 ,its specific gravity af=ds ! be/ indication ( its purity2 ,sulphuric ,acid may be detect$ by a precipitation on ! addition ( a solution ( b>yta1 & by its r$d5+ ! col\r ( litmus2 ,alcohol1 by its =m+ ) phosphorus a milky in/ead ( a limpid solution4 ,m4 ,gay ,lussac has obs]v$ t :5 kept = a consid]able "t )\t di/urbance1 x und]goes spontane\s decomposition1 & t acetic acid1 p]haps "s alcohol1 & a p>ticul> oil1 are produc$ f x4 ,,alcohol4#cei ,l4,d4 ,alcohol4 ,ard5t ,_s4 ,,qualities4 ,a transp>5t1 & col\rless liquid ( ! specific gravity #hae2 x has n hi!rto be5 r5d]$ solid by any dim9ution ( temp]ature2 x boils at #agf1 & if wat] be add$1 its boil+ po9t is proportionably rais$2 h5ce1 says ,dr4 ,h5ry1 ! temp]ature at :i* x boils is n a bad te/ ( its /r5g?2 x is combu/ible1 & burns ) a blue flame1 leav+ no residue4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,alcohol1 9 a /ate ( complete purity1 consi/s ( c>bon1 hydrog51 & oxyg51 9 proportions n hi!rto det]m9$ ) accuracy2 ?is prep>ation h[ev] conta9s #g p] c5t4 ( wat]2 ,lovitz & ,saussure succe$$ 9 obta9+ x at a specific gravity ( #gia1 :i* may be consid]$ z ne>ly pure4 ,alcohol unites *emically ) wat]2 & caloric is evolv$ dur+ ?is union2 ! quantity ( alcohol & wat] 9 mixtures ( diff]5t specific gravities1 may be le>n$ f ,mr4 ,gilp9's tables1 ,philosophical ,transactions1 #agid1 or ,ni*olson's ,j\rnal1 #dto4 vol4 #a4 ,! ,ed9burgh ,ph>macopia has no process = ! prep>ation ( alcohol1 b x mo/ incorrectly assigns ! title to t :i* is ! 8,rectifi$ ,_s0 ( ! o!r ,colleges4 ,,solv5t ,,p[]s4 ,alcohol dissolves soap2 vegetable extract2 sug>2 oxalic1 camphoric1 t>t>ic1 gallic1 & b5zoic acids2 volatile oils2 res9s1 & balsams2 x comb9es also ) sulphur1 & ! pure fix$ alkalies1 b n ) _! c>bonates3 = its o!r habitudes1 & applications1 see ,spiritus ,rectificatus4 ,,allii ,,radix4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,allium ,sativum4 ,g>lic4#cfj ,,qualities4 ,?is bulb\s root has :5 rec5t a ftid smell1 & acrid ta/e1 :i* are extract$ by wat]y infusion2 by decoction !y are ne>ly lo/2 by expression1 ! root furni%es almo/ "o-f\r? ( its weight ( a limpid juice1 & by di/illation1 an odor\s1 acrid1 ess5tial oil is procur$1 9 :i* ! exi/5ce ( sulphur may be detect$4 ,g>lic has a consid]able analogy to squill & onion1 & l !m1 ex]ts a diuretic1 diaphoretic1 expectorant1 & /imulant op]ation2 7see p4 #ajc74 ,x is a v common dome/ic rem$y = ! expulsion ( tnia1 & x is und\bt$ly ( advantage 9 su* cases2 x is usually adm9i/]$ 9 ! =m ( a decoction1 ) milk1 on an empty /oma*2 x is h[ev] b r>ely us$ 9 mod]n practice1 z x possesses no sup]iority ov] rem$ies less nause\s & objectionable2 ! bruis$ root1 ext]nally appli$1 is highly /imulant1 & rubefaci5t4 ,syd5ham speaks highly ( ! application ( g>lic to ! soles ( ! feet1 z a p[]ful means ( produc+ revulsion f ! head4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ation4 ,syrupus ,allii4 ,d4#cfa ,,aloes ,,extractum4 ,aloes4 ,!re are ?ree species met ) 9 ! %ops1 viz4 #a4 ,,al,e ,,spicata1 ,l4 ,socotor9a1 ,d4 ,socrotr9e ,aloes4 ,,p]foliata4 ,e4 ,cape ,aloes4 #b4 ,,al,e ,,vulg>is4#cfb ,l4 ,hepatica1 ,e4 ,d4 ,common or ,b>badoes ,aloes4 #c4 ,,al,e ,,cabal9a4 ,fetid1 ,cabal9e1 or ,horse ,employ$ only by ,f>ri]s4 ,aloes4 ,,qualities4 ,! above v>ieties ( aloe diff] 9 _! purity1 & likewise 9 _! s5sible qualities2 ! ,socotr9e is ! pure/1 x is 9 small pieces ( a r$di% br[n col\r2 ! ,b>badoes is 9 l>ge masses1 ( a light] col\r1 & hav+ an od\r mu* /rong] & less pleasant2 ! ,cabal9e is /ill m impure & less p[]ful4 ,all ! k9ds are *>act]iz$ by an int5sely bitt] ta/e1 :i*1 9 ! ,socotr9e1 is accompani$ by an aromatic flav\r4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,9 ?is !re appe>s to be "s obscurity2 ,m4 ,braconnot 7,ann4 ,*im4 tom4 #fh47 conceives x to be a sub/ance1 sui g5]is1 :i* he t]ms 8bitt] res910 :ile o!rs reg>d x z compos$ ( res91 gum1 & extractive1 ! proportions ( :i* are suppos$ to v>y 9 ! diff]5t species1 b t _! peculi> virtues reside 9 ! extractive "p4 ,,solubility4 ,x is to ! sl[ness ) :i* aloe und]goes solution 9 ! prim vi1 t x is indebt$ = ! m$ic9al prop]ties :i* di/+ui% ?is sub/ance2 by boil+ wat] x is dissolv$1 b on cool+ a precipitation ensues1 & by long decoction x becomes q in]t2 weak acids dissolve x m abundantly ?an wat]1 b pro( _s is ! mo/ p]fect solv5t3 its solubility is increas$ by ! addition ( alkal9e salts & soaps1 b by su* a comb9ation x und]goes a mat]ial *ange 9 its m$ic9al prop]ties2 ! bitt]ness is dim9i%$1 its purgative effects impair$1 & x ceases to op]ate specifically ^u ! l>ge inte/9es1 a fact s f> valuable1 z x enables u 9 c]ta9 cases to obviate its irritat+ action ^u ! rectum4 ,,m$ic9al ,,use4 ,aloe is a bitt] /imulat+ purgative1 empty+ ! l>ge inte/9es1 )\t mak+ ! /ools ?92 x likewise w>ms ! habit1 quick5s ! circulation1 & promotes ! ut]9e & hemorrhoidal fluxes4 ,,dose1 gr4 v4-xv4 ,no great] effect is produc$ by a l>ge dose ?an f "o comp>atively mod]ate2 its t5d5cy1 h[ev]1 to irritate ! rectum r5d]s x1 9 _m cases1 an objectionable rem$y2#cfc & its sympa!tic action on ! ut]us may occasionally produce mis*ief1 9 irritable habits1 :ile 9 o!r /ates x may1 = reasons equally obvi\s1 prove b5eficial4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,! =m ( pill %\ld be pref]r$ on acc\nt ( its extreme bitt]ness1 z well z be+1 = ! reasons above m5tion$1 ! "o mo/ likely to fulfil ! int5tion ( its exhibition2 = 9 addition to :at has be5 /at$ 9 a prec$+ "p ( ?is "w1 on ! important influ5ce ( solubility1 x may be "h obs]v$ t s9ce ! aloe does n und]go solution 9 ! /oma*1 x is admirably adapt$ = ! basis ( rem$ies int5d$ to obviate con/itutional co/iv5ess1 = 9 our endeav\rs to supply ! defici5cies ( nature by ! res\rces ( art1 we %\ld at lea/ attempt to imitate ! modes ( h] op]ation2 ! natural /imulus ( ! inte/9es1 ! bile1 is p\r$ into !m bel[ ! /oma*1 & :5ev] x regurgitates into t organ x produces disease2 s x happ5s ) our ca?>tic m$ic9es1 & unless we s modify _! solubility t _! op]ation _c comm5ce until aft] _! passage ?r\gh ! /oma*1 we %all f9d t we only increase ! evil we are endeav\r+ to obviate1 & t1 9 addition to ! torpor ( ! inte/9al canal1 we %all induce ! /oma* to p>ticipate 9 ! disease1 or excite a morbid fretfulness ( t organ :i* w be att5d$ ) ! mo/ di/ress+ symptoms4#cfd ,see ,=mul #ab1 #ac1 #gi1 #hj1 #ha4 ,aloes 9 comb9ation ) assaftida furni%es an eligible purgative 9 ! dyspepsia ( old p]sons2 x is also well calculat$ to obviate ! co/iv5ess s g5]ally produc$ by ,opium1 7,=m3 #aa1 #ab1 #ac47 ,see also p4 #afb4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,pulv3 ,aloes comp3 ,l4 ,pil3 ,ales cum ,myrrha4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,pil3 ,aloes comp3 ,pil3 ,ales cum ,assaftida4 ,e4 ,pil3 ,aloes cum ,colocyn?ide4 ,e4 ,pil3 ,cambogi comp3 7,b4,m47 ,l4 ,pil3 ,rhei4 comp3 7,f7 ,e4 ,pil4 ,scammon1 cum ,aloe4 ,d4 ,decoctum ,aloes comp3 ,l4 ,extractum ,aloes purificatum4 ,l4,d4 ,extractum ,colocyn?idis comp3 ,l4,d4 7,f7 ,t9ct3 ,ales ,l4,e4,d4 ,t9ct3 ,ales comp3 ,l4,e4,d4 ,t9ct3 ,ales !rea1 ,e4 ,t9ct3 ,b5zo93 comp3 7,g7 ,l4,e4,d4 ,t9ct3 ,rhei et ,aloes ,e4 ,v9um ,ales4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,,adult]ations4 ,x is frequ5tly adult]at$ ) common res91 b ! fraud m g5]ally committ$ is t ( mix+ )1 or sub/itut+ ! inf]ior species = ! ,socotr9e1 b ! ,b>badoes ,aloes may1 indep5d5t ( its want ( aromatic flav\r1 be di/+ui%$ f ! ,socotr9e by a simple te/1 = ! latt] dissolves entirely 9 boil+ wat] & alcohol1 :]eas ! =m]1 :5 treat$ 9 a simil> mann]1 leaves a consid]able residue2 sometimes ! ,horse ,aloes is made to appe> s bright & pure1 z n to be easily di/+ui%$ by ! eye ev5 f ! ,socotr9e1 b its rank od\r1 ( :i* no art c dive/ x1 w readily betray ! fraud4 ,,alum54 7,sup]-sulphas ,alum9 et ,potass47 ,sulphas ,alum94 ,e4 ,alum54 ,d4 ,alum4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 octoh$ral cry/als1 ^: sides are equilat]al triangles2 !y are slightly effloresc5t4 ,ta/e1 sweet1 r\gh1 & acidul\s4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x is a triple1 or sometimes a quadruple salt1 ) excess ( acid1 consi/+ ( sulphuric acid & alum9a1 ) potass1 or ammonia1 or frequ5tly bo? ( !m2 ! nature ( ! alkali h[ev] does n 9 ! lea/ appe> to affect ! prop]ties ( alum1 al?\gh x produces a cry/allographic modification2 = :]e potass is pres5t ! summit ( ! cry/al w exhibit a truncation4 ,dr4 ,ure has lately produc$ alum ) soda1 & ! comb9ation diff]s f common alum only 9 its great] degree ( solubility1 a prop]ty :i* at once recomm5ds x to ! att5tion ( ! ph>maceuti/ & physician4 ,,solubility4 ,a fluid-ounce ( cold wat] dissolves #cj gra9s1 b if boil+ f\r dra*ms2 x is insoluble 9 alcohol4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,alkalies & alkal9e salts1 aft] neutraliz+ ! excess ( acid1 precipitate ! alum9e4 ,x is also decompos$ by c>bonate & muriate ( ammonia1 c>bonate ( magnesia1 & t>trate ( potass1 by lime-wat]1 acetate ( lead1 & ! salts ( m]cury1 z well z by _m vegetable & animal sub/ances1 especially galls & k9o4 ,x is on ?is acc\nt v injudici\s to comb9e alum ) any vegetable a/r+5t ) a view to encrease its virtues2 ?us ! 8,pulvis ,sulphatis ,alum9 compositus0 ( ! ,ed9burgh college1 is less p[]ful ?an any ( ! +r$i5ts ( :i* x is compos$2 & ! addition ( alum to ! decoction ( b>k1 und\bt$ly dim9i%es its efficacy z an a/r+5t injection4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,alum is int]nally a p[]ful a/r+5t1 9 hmorrhages & inord9ate fluxes1 & is ext]nally useful = repell5t & a/r+5t lotions1 g>gles1 & collyria4 ,dioscorides & ,hippocrates prais$ its effects z a lotion 9 v>i\s k9ds ( ulc]s1 & p>ticul>ly 9 sores ( ! m\?1 & 9 spongy1 swell$ gums4 ,van-,helmont 0 ! fir/ p]son :o employ$ alum 9 ut]9e hemorrhage1 & ! success ( ! practice v consid]ably enhanc$ 8 reputation4 ,bo]haave's a/r+5t p[d] = ! ague consi/$ ( ,alum & ,nutmeg ) ! addition ( ,arm5ian bole4 ,,dose1 gr4 x4 ,9 l>ge doses x is liable to excite nausea1 & to act ^u ! b[els4 ,nutmeg or "s aromatic %\ld !re=e be jo9$ ) x4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,9 solution1 or 9 sub/ance made into pills ) extract2 7,=m3 #ec1 #ef17 x is sometimes giv5 ) advantage 9 ! =m ( :ey 7,alum-:ey--,s]um ,alum9osum7 made by boil+ ij ) a p9t ( milk1 & !n /ra9+1 ! dose ( :i* is a w9e glass full2 7,=m2 #ed47 ,by briskly agitat+ a dra*m ( alum ) ! :ite ( an egg1 a coagulum is =m$1 7,alum curd ( ,riv]ius2 ,album54 ,alum9osum7 :i* is s]viceable 9 "s species ( oph?almia1 :5 appli$ betwe5 two pieces ( ?9 l95 rag4#cfe ,z alum is n decompos$ by sulphate ( lime1 h>d wat] may be safely us$ = its solution4 ,x has ! effect ( ret>d+1 & 9 "s in/ances ( prev5t+1 ! acet\s f]m5tation 9 vegetables2 ?us :5 add$ to common pa/e x prev5ts its becom+ s\r2 animal sub/ances1 z glue1 are pres]v$ by x 9 a simil> mann]4 ,x has also ! prop]ty ( cle>+ turbid wat]1 w9e1 & spiritu\s liquors1 = :i* purpose x is ext5sively employ$4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,liquor ,alum3 co4 ,l4 ,pulv3 ,alum3 co4 ,e4 ,,alum5 ,,exsiccatum1 ,l4 ,u/um4 ,d4 ,dri$ ,alum4 ,by ! action ( heat alum und]goes wat]y fusion1 yields its wat] ( cry/allization1 & loses m ?an "o ?ird ( its weight2 if ! heat be too int5se1 or long cont9u$1 x is depriv$ ( a great "p ( its acid4 ,x has be5 recomm5d$ 9 doses ( a scruple1 9 *olic1 :5 x has be5 said to op]ate g5tly ^u ! b[els1 & to relieve ! pa93 ,i h myself exp]i5c$ ?is good effect :5 ! *olic has be5 produc$ by ! action ( lead3 ,dr4 ,gra%uis1 a ,dut* ,physician1 fir/ recomm5d$ its use 9 ,*olica ,pictonum4 ,! prep>ation h[ev] is pr9cipally us$ z an ext]nal application1 hav+ a degree ( es*>otic p[]1 :i* r5d]s x s]viceable 9 v5]eal *ancres1 z well z 9 o!r ulc]s hav+ weak & spongy granulations2 x is also v frequ5tly employ$ to de/roy fung\s excresc5cies1 b x %\ld be rememb]$ t1 z x owes su* p[] to an excess ( acid1 unless x be c>efully prep>$1 x mu/ be ineffici5t4 ,x ought to r$d5 syrup ( violets4 ,,alum5 ,,rupeum4 ,ro*e or ,rock ,alum4 ,?is v>iety 0 orig9ally br\ght f ,roc*a1 =m]ly call$ ,edessa1 9 ,syria1 9 fragm5ts ( ab\t ! size ( an almond1 cov]$ ) an effloresc5ce ( a pale rose col\r2 t h[ev] :i* is n[ sold "u ?is "n is common ,engli% alum1 artificially col\r$4 ,x is unimportant4 ,,alum5 ,,romanum4 ,roman ,alum is 9 irregul> octoh$ral masses1 p[d]y on ! surface2 x is ! pure/ k9d1 & conta9s no ammonia 9 its composition4 ,,ammoniacum4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,h]acleum ,gummif]um47 ,ammoniac4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 masses compos$ ( fragm5ts1 ( te>s1 yell[ on ! surface1 & :ite )92 ,ta/e1 a nause\s sweet1 foll[$ by a bitt] flav\r2 ,od\r1 fa9t b n unpleasant4 ,specific gravity1 #abjj4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,gum-res91 glut51 & "s volatile matt]4 ,,solubility4 ,x is p>tly soluble 9 wat]1 v9eg>1 alcohol1 !r1 & 9 ! solutions ( ! alkalies2 :5 triturat$ ) wat] a milky liquor is =m$1 :i* is a solution ( gum hold+ ! res9 9 susp5sion1 & if ! yolk ( an egg be employ$ ! mixture is m p]man5t2 wat] appe>s to be its prop] solv5t4 ,,uses4 ,/imulant1 antispasmodic1 & expectorant3 9 l>ge doses g5tly purgative & sometimes diuretic2 aft] ! exhibition ( sm>t purgatives1 9 comb9ation ) rhub>b1 x proves valuable 9 mes5t]ic affections by correct+ ! viscid secretion ( ! inte/9es2 dissolv$ 9 nitric acid1 x is said to prove an excell5t expectorant 9 cases :]e l>ge accumulations ( purul5t or viscid matt] exi/ ) feeble & difficult expectoration4 ,see ,=m3 #adj4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,9 solution1 see ,mi/3 ,ammoniac3 x may also be giv5 :5 dissolv$ 9 ! ,liquor ammoni acetatis2 ij ( ! =m] may be dissolv$ 9 iij ( ! latt]2 or x may be exhibit$ 9 pills ) bitt] extracts1 myrrh1 & o!r gum-res9s2 if rubb$ ) camphor a mass is at once produc$ v suitable = pills2 v9eg> r5d]s x s(t1 & adapts x = pla/]s4 ,,dose1 grs4 x to xxx4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,mi/3 ,ammoniac3 ,l4,d4 ,pil3 ,scill co3 ,l4,e4 7,b7 ,empla/3 ,ammoniac3 ,l4 ,empla/3 ,gummos3 ,e4 ,empla/3 ,ammoniac3 cum ,hydr>gyro4 ,l4 ,,adult]ations4 ,two v>ieties are met ) 9 ! m>ket1 t 9 te>s1 gutt ammoniaci1 ought to be :ite1 cle>1 & dry2 & t 9 lumps1 lapis ammoniaci1 :i* sells = "o-?ird ! price ( ! =m]1 be+ v impure1 is g5]ally adult]at$ ) common res91 = :i* x may be purifi$ by s(t5+ ! mass 9 a bladd] :i* is imm]s$ 9 boil+ wat]1 & /ra9+ x :ile fluid4 ,,ammoni ,,sub-,,c>bonas4 ,l4 ,c>bonas ,ammoni4 ,e4,d4 ,sub-c>bonate ( ,ammonia4 ,,qualities4 ,=m3 :ite1 semi-transp>5t masses1 ( a /riat$ or cry/all9e aspect1 :i*1 on exposure to air effloresce2 ,od\r1 pung5t & peculi>2 ,ta/e1 acrid b cool+4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x w be f\nd to v>y mat]ially 9 its composition accord+ to ! temp]ature employ$ = its prep>ation2 ! quantity ( alkali v>y+ f #bj to #ej p] c5t4 ,mr4 ,phillips consid]s ! ,sub-c>bonate ( ammonia to be a ,sesque-c>bonate1 compos$ ( #c atoms ( c>bonic acid1 #b atoms ( ammonia1 & #b ( wat]2 or t x is a def9ite comp\nd ( ,c>bonate & ,bi-c>bonate1 "o atom ( ea*1 ) two atoms ( wat]2 "o hundr$ p>ts1 by exp]im5t1 consi/1 ( #edb c>b3 acid1 #bic ,ammonia1 & #afe wat]2 if we consid] x z a ,sesque-c>bonate1 its con/itution1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,wolla/on's scale1 w be #eegb ,c>bonic ,acid1 #bi ,ammonia1 #aebh wat]4 ,,solubility4 ,accord+ to ,duncan x is soluble 9 twice its weight ( cold wat]2 ,mr4 ,phillips /ates f\r times2 ! mean ( ^! w be f\nd ne>ly correct4 ,its solubility h[ev] is increas$ by increase ( temp]ature1 b :5 dissolv$ 9 boil+ wat] x eff]vesces1 & und]goes a p>tial decomposition2 x is q insoluble 9 alcohol1 & h5ce on ! addition ( _s to a /rong solution1 a d5se coagulum is produc$4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,x is decompos$ by acids1 fix$ alkalies1 & _! sub-c>bonates1 lime1 solution ( muriate ( lime1 magnesia1 alum1 sup]-t>trate ( potass1 & all ! acidul\s salts1 sulphate ( magnesia1 acetate1 sub-muriate1 & oxy-muriate ( m]cury1 acetate1 & sub-acetate ( lead1 & ! sulphates ( iron & z9c4 ,if x be add$ to decoctions & infusions !y mu/ be previ\sly cool$4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,s9ce by exposure to air its virtues are impair$1 x ought n to be kept 9 p[d]$ mixtures2 9 ! =m ( pill x is pres]v$ mu* long]1 especially if x be comb9$ ) "s vegetable extract4 ,,uses4 ,x is /imulant1 antispasmodic1 diaphoretic1 p[]fully antacid1 exce$+ 9 ?is respect ! fix$ alkalies1 & 9 l>ge doses x is emetic4 ,x is highly useful z a /imulant 9 ^? ga/ric affections :i* sup]v5e habits ( irregul>ity & debau*]y2 comb9$ ) opium x af=ds a p[]ful res\rce 9 protract$ di>rha att5d$ ) debility ( ! alim5t>y canal3 & 9 cases ( muscul> atony s frequ5tly witness$1 z ! sequela ( *ronic rheumatism1 ammonia1 9 l>ge doses1 (f]s ! be/ rem$y2 ,i h moreov] witness$ ! b5eficial effects ( ?is rem$y 9 ho>s5ess dep5d+ ^u relax$ /ates ( ! ?roat4 ,9 typhus fev] x has be5 p>ticul>ly recomm5d$ by ,huxham1 ,pr+le1 & _m o!r physicians1 & "s h consid]$ x sup]ior to any o!r /imulant ^u su* occasions4 ,x is also useful 9 syncope & hy/]ia1 9 ! =m ( smell+ salts2#cff ) respect to its application = mak+ sal9e draughts1 see ,acid3 ,citricum3 ,,dose1 grs v to j3 to produce emesis ss4 ,see ,=m4 #dh1 #di1 #hc1 #aeb4 ,(fic9al ,prep>ations4 ,liquor ,ammoni sub-c>bonatis1 ,l4 ,liquor ,ammoni acetatis 7,i7 ,l4,e4,d4 ,l9im5t3 ,ammoni ,sub-c>bonatis4 ,l4 ,cuprum ,ammoniatum1 7,i7 ,l4,e4,d4 ,,adult]ations4 ,?is salt ought to be entirely volatiliz$ by heat2 if any ?+ rema9 x may be consid]$ impure2 x ought also to be free f all fetor2 %\ld ?is n be ! case x may be correct$ by sublim+ x 9 conjunction ) p[d]$ *>coal2 !re is at pres5t a l>ge quantity ( ?is impure article 9 ! m>ket1 :i* has be5 manufactur$ f ! residue sold by ! gas light companies4#cfg ,:5 long expos$ to ! air1 x becomes opaque & friable1 & ! excess ( ammonia1 ^u :i* its od\r dep5ds1 escapes1 c>bonic acid is absorb$1 & an inodor\s bi-c>bonate rema9s1 consi/+ ( c>bonic acid #eegj1 ,ammonia #baeb1 & wat] #bbgf1 or #b atoms ( c>bonic acid1 #a atom ( ammonia1 & #b atoms ( wat]4 ,,ammoni ,,murias4 ,l4,e4 ,sal ,ammoniacum4 ,d4 vulgo ,sal ,ammoniac4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 d5se /riat$ concavo-convex cakes :i* are p]si/5t 9 ! air1 or cry/alliz$ conical masses2 9 ?is latt] =m x g5]ally conta9s o!r salts1 especially muriate ( lime1 :i* r5d] x deliquesc5t4 ,ta/e1 bitt]1 acrid1 & cool4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! pres5t unsettl$ op9ions respect+ ! nature ( muriatic acid & ammonia1 & ! *anges :i* !y und]go by comb9ation ) ea* o!r1 ! composition ( ?is salt is involv$ 9 "s obscurity4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,?omson1 x consi/s ( equal volumes ( muriatic acid gas & ammoniacal gas1 al?\gh he has subsequ5tly obs]v$ t f ! peculi> prop]ties ( ! sub/ance1 x may be a comp\nd ( ,*lor9e & ,ammonium 7! hypo!tical base ( ammonia47 ,unlike all ! o!r ammoniacal salts1 x does n und]go decomposition by heat4 ,,solubility1 fj ( wat] at #ff dissolves ab\t two dra*ms & a half2 at #bab x dissolves its own weight2 x is also soluble 9 #d p>ts ( alcohol2 its solution 9 wat] is accompani$ by consid]able r$uction ( temp]ature4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,! sulphuric & nitric acids unite ) ! ammonia1 & dis5gage ! muriatic acid1 :il/ ammonia is dis5gag$ by ! action ( potass & its c>bonate1 c>bonate ( soda1 lime1 magnesia1 c4 :i* comb9e ) its muriatic acid2 ) oxy-muriate ( m]cury x comb9es & increases its solubility1 see ,hydr>g3 ,oxy-murias4 ,:5 unit$ ) acetate ( lead1 x decomposes x1 & a muriate ( lead is precipitat$4 ,x is obvi\s also t nitrate ( silv]1 & all ! metallic salts ^: bases =m insoluble comp\nds ) muriatic acid1 are incompatible ) x4 ,,uses4 ,r>ely employ$ z an int]nal rem$y1 ext]nally x is employ$ 9 lotions1 ei!r = ! cold produc$ dur+ its solution1 9 :i* case x %\ld be appli$ z soon z ! salt is dissolv$1 or = ! /imulus ( ! salt1 on :i* pr9ciple x acts z a p[]ful discuti5t 9 indol5t tum\rs 7,=m4 #adf47 ,x is also an +r$i5t 9 a v useful pla/]1 9 :i* x und]goes *emical decomposition2 ?is pla/] consi/s ( ,soap j1 lead pla/]1 ij1 liquifi$ toge!r1 to :i*1 :5 ne>ly cold1 are add$ ( muriate ( ammonia f9ely p[d]$ ss4 ,! alkali ( ! soap ent]s into comb9ation ) ! muriatic acid ( ! muriate ( ammonia1 & =ms !reby muriate ( potass1 or soda1 & ammoniacal gas 7on :i* ! virtue ( ! pla/] dep5ds7 is sl[ly b abundantly lib]at$1 act+ z a p[]ful /imulant & rubefaci5t3 x %\ld be appli$ imm$iately aft] x is =m$1 & be r5ew$ e tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 o!rwise ! int5tion is lo/2 7,ph>macopia ,*irurgica47 ,i h (t5 appli$ ?is pla/] ) evid5t advantage to ! *e/ 9 pulmon>y affections1 & ,i wi% to recomm5d x to ! att5tion ( practition]s4 ,x is v useful also 9 t rheumatic affection ( ! muscles ( ! *e/1 :i* is s frequ5tly met ) 9 p]sons 9 advanc$ life2 dur+ ! la/ w9t] ,i 0 consult$ 9 two cases :]e ! di/ress aft] ex]cise 0 s consid]able z to resemble ang9a pectoris4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,ammoni ,sub-c>bonas 7,i74 ,l4,e4,d4 ,liquor3 ,ammoni 7,k74 ,l4 ,aqua ,ammoni4 ,e4,d4 ,hydr>g3 prcip3 alb3 7,i74 ,l4 ,alcohol ,ammoniatum1 7,i74 ,e4,d4 ,f]rum ,ammoniat3 7,g74 ,l4,e4,d4 ,,adult]ations4 ,?is salt1 if pure1 may be entirely volatiliz$ by a l[ heat2 ! sulphate ( ammonia h[ev]1 z x is also volatile1 _c be discov]$ except by ! muriate ( b>yta1 :i* w indicate its pres5ce by a copi\s precipitate4 ,,amygdal ,,dulces4 ,v>ieties ( 8,amygdalus ,communis40 ,,amygdal ,,am>4 ,sweet & ,bitt] ,almonds4 ,,qualities4 ,! sweet almond is inodor\s1 & has a sweet1 bl& ta/e2 ! bitt] almond1#cfh :5 triturat$ ) wat]1 has ! od\r ( ! pea*1 & a pleasant bitt] flav\r4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,b\llay has lately confirm$ ! analogy :i* ,pr\/ _h /at$ to exi/ betwe5 ! emulsion ( sweet almonds & human milk1 viz4 ! =m] consi/s ( sweet oil #ed1 album5 #bd1 sug> #f1 gum #c1 ) traces ( acetic acid2 ! indige/ible prop]ty ( ! almond dep5ds ^u its album9\s matt]4 ,! bitt] almond1 9 addition to ^? con/itu5ts1 conta9s hydro-cyanic acid1 7,prussic acid17 9 union ) a peculi> volatile oil1 ^u :i* its n>cotic prop]ties dep5d2 b ?is delet]i\s elem5t is s modifi$ by ! natural /ate ( comb9ation 9 :i* x exi/s ) sweet oil & album51 t !y may be eat5 )\t inconv5i5ce4 ,! bitt] almond has long be5 reg>d$ z an antidote to drunk5ness2 ,plut>* /ates x z a fact on ! au?ority ( 8 physician ,claudius4 ,o!r bitt]s 7 h[ev] suppos$ to possess simil> p[]s 9 ?is respect1 h5ce ! ,poculum ,abs9?iatum to :i* we h be=e allud$4 ,see page #gi4 ,bo? sorts ( almonds yield by expression a l>ge quantity ( fix$ oil1 :i* is p]fectly mild4 ,see ,oleum ,amygdal4 ,! wat] di/ill$ f ! bitt] almond1 :5 /rongly impregnat$1 has be5 f\nd to ex]t a delet]i\s action on ! human body1 & to prove fatal to _m animals4 ,,solubility4 ,by trituration ) wat] a milky mixture is produc$1 7an emulsion71 = :i* purpose ! sweet almonds %\ld be previ\sly fre$ f _! cuticle1 7blan*$71 & ?is ought to be p]=m$ by infus+ !m 9 tepid wat]2 = :5 hot x sep>ates a portion ( _! oil1 z is evid5t f _! be+ ?us r5d]$ yell[1 & ! emulsion is !re=e m liable to f]m5t1 & be decompos$4 ij ( almonds saturate ab\t fvj ( wat]2 s9ce h[ev] ?is extemporane\s prep>ation is t$i\s & inconv5i5t1 ! ,london ,ph>macopia v judici\sly directs a confection to be ready prep>$1 j ( :i*1 :5 triturat$ ) fj ( wat]1 imm$iately =ms an elegant emulsion4 ,see ,mi/ura ,amygdal4 ,almonds =m a useful int]m$ium = susp5d+ 9 wat] _m sub/ances :i* are ( !mselves n miscible ) x1 z camphor1 & sev]al ( ! gum-res9s2 !y also assi/ 9 ! pulv]ization ( refractory sub/ances1 z ,ipecacuan1 c4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,confectio ,amygdal>um4 ,l4 ,emulsio ,camphor 7,m47 ,e4 ,emulsio ,acaci ,arab3 ,e4 ,d4 ,,amygdal ,,plac5ta4 ,almond ,cake is ! sub/ance left aft] ! expression ( ! oil1 :i* :5 gr\nd =ms ,,almond ,,p[d]1 s g5]ally us$ = wa%+ ! h&s4#cfi ,,oil ,,( ,,bitt] ,,almonds4 ,= obta9+ ?is oil1 ! express$ cake is submitt$ to di/illation1 :5 a highly volatile1 pung5t1 oil passes ov]4 ,see ,oleum ,amygdal ,am>4 ,,amylum4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,/>*4 7,triticum ,hyb]num ,amylum4#cgj7 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 :ite column> masses2 ,od\r & ,ta/e1 none4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,fecula is "o ( ! proximate pr9ciples ( vegetable matt]1 & ,/>* is ! fecula ( :eat4#cga ,,solubility4 ,x is soluble 9 boil+ wat]1 =m+ ) x a semi-transp>5t1 insipid1 inodor\s1 & gelat9\s pa/e1 v susceptible ( m\ld9ess1 b :i* is ret>d$ by ! addition ( alum2 x is insoluble1 b falls to p[d] 9 cold wat]2 nor is x dissolv$ by alcohol or e!r2 al?\gh potass dissolves />*1 yet ! solution ( x is n di/urb$ by potass1 c>bonate ( potass1 nor ammonia1 b an alcoholic solution ( potass produces a precipitate2 acetate ( lead1 & infusion ( galls occasion also precipitates4 ,/>* is susceptible ( sev]al int]e/+ & important *anges2 ?us1 if x be expos$ to heat until its col\r becomes yell[1 its prop]ties are s f> alt]$ t x is no long] insoluble 9 cold wat]2 & accord+ to ! exp]im5ts ( ,saussure1 if x be mix$ ) wat]1 a spontane\s decomposition takes place1 & a quantity ( sug> is =m$1 am\nt+ 9 weight to "o half ( ! />* employ$1 9 addition to :i* a peculi> gummy matt] results1 & a sub/ance int]m$iate betwe5 gum & />*1 to :i* ! "n ( ,amid9e has be5 giv54 ,/>* moreov] is conv]tible into sac*>9e matt] by ! ag5cy ( sulphuric acid4 ,,uses4 ,be+ demulc5t x is g5]ally employ$ z a vehicle = ! exhibition ( opium 9 ! =m ( enema4 ,! ord9>y blue />* is col\r$ by a solution ( smalt & alum1 & is unfit = m$ic9al use2 =m]ly x 0 t+$ yell[ ) saffron or turm]ic1 b ?is w5t out ( fa%ion on ! execution ( ! fam\s midwife ,mrs4 ,colli]1 :o 0 hang$ 9 a ruff />*$ ) t col\r4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,mucilago ,amyli4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,pulvis ,tragacan?3 comp3 7,b7 ,l4 ,pil3 ,hydr>gyri 7,m7 ,e4 ,tros*isi ,gummos3 ,e4 ,x has be5 lately obs]v$ t ,iod9e is a delicate te/ ( ! pres5ce ( />*2 if a drop or two ( a solution ( ?is sub/ance 9 alcohol be add$ to an aque\s solution ( />*1 a blue comp\nd is =m$ :i* ev5tually precipitates4 ,iod9e may !re=e be employ$ = asc]ta9+ ! goodness ( />*1 a te/ :i* is v important1 = mu* ( :at is sold "u ! "n ( />*1 does n possess its peculi> *>act]s2 x ought h[ev] to be /at$1 t ! blue indication is prev5t$ f tak+ place by a v>iety ( diff]5t bodies1 z ,ars5i\s acid1 corrosive sublimate ( m]cury1 c4 c4 ,,ane?i ,,sem9a4 ,l4 ,e4 7,ane?um ,graveol5s4 ,sem9a47 ,dill ,se$4 ,^! se$s :5 dry h an aromatic sweeti% od\r1 & a w>m pung5t ta/e1 qualities resid+ 9 an ess5tial oil1 :i* is extract$ by di/illation ) wat] & by dige/ion ) alcohol2 ! bruis$ se$s yield _! flav\r to boil+ wat] by simple infusion4 ,! se$s are b r>ely us$4 ,! di/ill$ wat] is a valuable c>m9ative = *ildr54 ,,anisi ,,sem9a4 ,l4 ,e4 ,d4 7,pimp9ella ,anisum4 ,sem9a47 ,anise ,se$s4 ,l ! dill se$s1 w>m & c>m9ative2 wat] extracts v little ( _! flav\r2 rectifi$ _s ! :ole4 ,x may be rem>k$ 9 ?is place t ! value ( anise$1 z well z all ^? se$s :i* yield ess5tial oil by di/illation1 may be e/imat$ by _! specific gravity1 ! heavie/ yield+ ! l>ge/ proportion ( oil2 a *rondromet] employ$ by corn-*&l]s might be v conv5i5tly appli$ to su* a purpose4#cgb ,! se$s import$ f ,spa91 :i* are small] ?an ! o!rs1 conta9 mo/ oil1 & are to be pref]r$4 ,,an!midis ,,flores4 ,l4 ,e4 7,an!mis ,nobilis47 ,*amomile ,fl[]s4 ,,qualities4 ,! ,od\r ( ! fl[]s is /rong & fragrant2 ,ta/e1 bitt] & aromatic1 ) a slight degree ( w>m?4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,! active pr9ciples are ess5tial oil1 res91 & bitt] extractive4 ,,solubility4 ,bo? wat] & alcohol take up ! active p>ts ( ! fl[]s2 hot wat]1 by infusion1 dissolves ne>ly "o-f\r? ( _! weight1 b boil+ dissipates ! ess5tial oil1 on :i* acc\nt !y %\ld nev] =m an +r$i5t 9 a decoction4 ,,uses4 ,! fl[]s giv5 9 sub/ance are said to h cur$ int]mitt5ts2 !y are h[ev] b r>ely us$2 ext]nally !y are appli$ 9 fom5tations4 ,see ,infusum ,an!midis4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,decoctum ,an!midis nobilis4 ,e4,d4 ,infusum ,an!midis4 ,l4#cgc ,!re is a great v>iety 9 ! quality & price ( *amomile fl[]s2 ^? :i* are l>ge & :iti% are to be pref]r$ z ! fre%e/2 by keep+ !y become invalid1 & are depriv$ ( _! aromatic pr9ciple & ess5tial oil4 ,!y are always inf]ior 9 wet seasons4 ,! d\ble fl[]$ v>ieties are also less p[]ful ?an ! s+le k9d1 s9ce ! qualities reside 9 ! disc florets4 ,,antimonii ,,sulphuretum4 ,l4 ,sulphuret ( ,antimony4 ,,qualities4 ,?is article appe>s 9 ! m>ket 9 conical loaves1 :i* are d>k grey ext]nally1 b int]nally possess a blad$ /ructure & consid]able brilliancy2 ! ,ed9burgh & ,dubl9 colleges direct ?is sub/ance to be levigat$ ) wat]1 & kept 9 ! /ate ( p[d]2 x %\ld h[ev] nev] be pur*as$ 9 t =m1 z x is n unfrequ5tly adult]at$ ) sulphuret ( lead1 :]eas x _c conta9 su* admixture :5 its =m is *>act]i/ically cry/all9e & blad$4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,antimony #ajj1 ,sulphur #ceegb4 ,f ! "t ( ,basil ,val5t9e to ! pres5t1 ?is prep>ation has be5 kn[n 9 ! m>ket by ! "n ( ,antimony1 a "n :i* x is evid5t c only ) propriety be appli$ to ! pure metal4 ,,solubility4 ,x is insoluble 9 wat] & alcohol2 s9ce h[ev] x is slightly act$ ^u by vegetable acids1 cups 7 =m]ly made ( x1 :i* imp>t$ to w9e t /ood 9 !m = "s "t1 an emetic quality4#cgd ,,uses4 ,x is pr9cipally employ$ = ! prep>ation ( ! o!r antimonial comb9ations1 = :i* purpose x is m eligible ?an ! metal itself1 z be+ less contam9at$ ) metallic impurities4 ,its m$ic9al en]gies dep5d altoge!r ^u ! /ate ( ! /oma*1 & mu/ !re=e be extremely unc]ta92 :5 x meets ) any acid 9 ! /oma*1 x acts ) extreme viol5ce1 a circum/ance :i* requires precaution4 ,x 0 =m]ly mu* m employ$ z an ,alt]ative ?an at pres5t4 ,/oll recomm5ds its use 9 *ronic rheumatism1 & advises its union ) ,myrrh4 ,9 ! treatm5t ( affections ( ! sk9 x has be5 long us$1 bo? s+ly1 & 9 union ) o!r sub/ances1 su* z ,conium1 ,dulcam>a1 ,guaiacum1 c4 ,9 ,scrophul\s diseases1 connect$ ) cutane\s eruptions1 or ulc]ations1 x has be5 a fav\rite rem$y ) _m practition]s1 & x =ms ! basis ( sev]al =eign ,no/rums4 ,9 times ( remote antiquity x 0 us$ by females z a black pigm5t = /a9+ ! eye-la%es1 a cu/om :i* cont9ues to ?is day 9 ! ea/4#cge ,x is at pres5t giv5 to horses mix$ ) _! food1 to make _! coats smoo?1 & v l>ge doses may be giv5 to ^! animals )\t produc+ any delet]i\s effects4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,dr4 ,black con/ruct$ a table repres5t+ a view ( all ! prep>ations ^: basis 0 antimony2 _m ( ^! h[ev] h fall5 into disuse1 & ! nom5clature ( all is *ang$4 ,! foll[+ arrangem5t ( ! m$ic9es prep>$ f ! sulphuret ( antimony1#cgf is pres5t$ to u by ,mr4 ,?omson1 9 8 ,london ,disp5satory4 #a4 ,,by ,,trituration1 ,sulphuretum ,antimonii ,prp>atum4 ,e4,d4 #b4 ,,by ,,! ,,action ,,( ,,heat ,,) ,,phosphate ,,( ,,lime1 7oxidiz$7 ,pulvis ,antimonialis1 ,l4,d4 ,oxidum ,antimonii cum ,phosphate ,calcis4 ,e4 #c4 ,,by ,,! ,,action ,,( ,,alkalies1 7oxidiz$71 ,antimonii ,sulphuretum ,prcipitatum4 ,l4,e4 ,sulphur ,antimoniatum ,fuscum4 ,d4 #d4 ,,by ,,! ,,action ,,( ,,acids1 7oxidiz$17 ,antimonii ,oxydum4 ,l4 ,oxydum ,antimonii ,nitromuriaticum4 ,d4 ,antimonium ,t>t>izatum4 ,l4 ,t>tris ,antimonii1 olim ,t>t>us ,emeticus4 ,e4 ,t>t>um ,antimoniatum1 sive ,emeticum1 ,d4 ,v9um ,antimonii ,t>t>izati4 ,l4 ,v9um ,t>t>itis ,antimonii4 ,e4 ,,adult]ations4 ,! importance ( employ+ ?is article 9 a /ate ( great purity1 = ! prep>ation ( s _m active & valuable m$ic9es1 is obvi\s4 ,x ought to be entirely volatiliz$ by a read heat2 ,lead is discov]$ by its imp>t+ to ! antimony a foliat$ in/ead ( a blad$ texture1 & f n be+ vaporizable2 ,ars5ic1 by ! g>lic od\r emitt$ :5 ?r[n ^u live coals2 or by ! num]\s te/s m5tion$ "u ! hi/ory ( t article2 ,manganese & ,iron1 f n be+ vaporizable1 & f o!r te/s3 ! mo/ usual adult]ation is black oxide ( iron1 or ! scori ( t metal1 8,smi?y du/40 ,,antimonii ,,sulphuretum ,,pr,,cipitatum4 ,l4 ,e4 ,sulphur ,antimoniatum ,fuscum4 ,d4 ,precipitat$ ,sulphuret ( ,antimony4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 a brilliant orange col\r$ p[d]2 ,ta/e1 slightly /yptic1 b inodor\s4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,v complicat$ attractions are ex]t$ dur+ ! prep>ation ( ?is sub/ance2 ! result ( :i* is an hydro-sulphuret ( ,oxide ( ,antimony1 ) excess ( sulphur4 ,,solubility4 ,x is q insoluble 9 wat]4 ,,uses4 ,accord+ to ! dose1 x is diaphoretic1 ca?>tic1 or emetic2 x is1 h[ev]1 less c]ta9 ?an _m o!r prep>ations1 &1 unless 9 comb9ation ) m]cury1 = cutane\s affections1 is n v (t5 employ$4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,all acids & acidul\s salts increase its emetic prop]ties2 :5 !re=e acid is suspect$ to prevail 9 ! prim vi1 x %\ld be comb9$ ) soap1 magnesia1 7,=m3 #abh17 or aromatic confection2 on ! contr>y1 ! confection ( roses1 & vehicles conta9+ acids1 %\ld be c>efully avoid$4 ,,=m ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,pills4 ,,dose1 grs4 #a to v4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,pilul ,hydr>gyri ,sub-,muriatis 7,h7 ,l4 ,,adult]ations4 ,x is (t5 sophi/icat$ ) *alk & o!r extrane\s matt]2 x ought n to eff]vesce ) acids2 x %\ld be entirely vaporizable by heat1 & its col\r %\ld be t ( bright orange4 ,a spuri\s article is v5d$1 :i* consi/s ( sulphur & sulphuret ( antimony col\r$ ) ,v5etian r$4 ,,antimonium ,,t>t>izatum4 ,l4 ,t>tris ,antimonii4 ,e4 ,t>t>um ,antimoniatum4 ,d4 ,t>t> ,emetic4#cgg ,,qualities4 ,=m1 cry/als ^: primitive =m is ! regul> tetrah$ron1 al?\gh x assumes a v>iety ( second>y =ms4 ,col\r1 :ite4 ,od\r1 none4 ,ta/e1 slightly /yptic & metallic2 on exposure to ! air1 ! cry/als slightly effloresce & become opaque2 ?r[n ^u burn+ coals1 !y become black & af=d metallic antimony4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,?is is involv$ 9 mu* d\bt & obscurity2 x is /at$ 9 ! v>i\s disp5satories to be a triple salt1 consi/+ ( t>t>ic acid1 oxide ( antimony1#cgh & potass1 & :i* !re=e1 says ,mr4 ,?omson1 on ! pr9ciples ( ! re=m$ nom5clature1 ought to be t]m$ a t>trate ( antimony & potass4 ,! tru? ( ^! views1 h[ev]1 is extremely que/ionable4 ,i am incl9$ to believe ) ,gay ,lussac1 t 9 ! v>i\s metall9e comp\nds1 ( :i* sup]-t>trate ( potass is an +r$i5t1 ?is latt] sub/ance acts ! "p ( a simple acid2 an op9ion :i* receives mu* support f ! great solv5t prop]ty ( cream ( t>t>1 & f ! /rik+ fact t x is ev5 capable ( dissolv+ v>i\s oxides :i* are insoluble 9 t>t>ic acid1 ( :i* ! protoxide ( antimony is an example4 ,accord+ !n to ?is view1 t>t> emetic is a salt compos$ ( bi-t>trate 7sup]-t>trate7 ( potass1 :i* acts ! "p ( an acid1 & protoxide ( antimony3 f ! exp]im5ts ( ,mr4 ,phillips1 x w\ld appe> t #ajj p>ts ( ! bi-t>trate w dissolve #gj ( ! protoxide4 ,9 ?is /ate ( d\bt x mu/ be admitt$ t no "n c be m appropriate ?an ,antimonium ,t>t>izatum1 & ! ,london ,college h !re=e prop]ly disreg>d$ ! sugge/ions :i* h be5 (f]$ = *ang+ its "n4 ,,solubility4 ,mu* discrepancy ( op9ion exi/s ^u ?is subject1 ow+ probably to ! v>iations & incid5tal impurities to :i* ! salt is liable4 ,dr4 ,duncan1 :o select$ v pure specim5s = exam9ation1 /ates t x is soluble 9 ?ree times its weight ( wat] at #bab1 & 9 fifte5 at #fj4 ,?is solution1 :5 ! salt is pure1 is p]fectly cle> & transp>5t1 b if long kept1 unless a portion ( _s be add$1 x und]goes decomposition2 a precipitate inde$ sometimes takes place v rapidly1 b ?is is g5]ally t>trate ( lime1 an incid5tal impurity1 d]iv$ f ! sup]-t>trate ( potass4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,m9]al ,acids1 ,alkalies1 & _! ,c>bonates1 mo/ ( ! ,metals1 ,soaps1 ,hydro-,sulphurets1 & _m infusions & decoctions ( bitt] & a/r+5t ,vegetables1 e4 g4 fj4 ( ! decoction ( yell[ b>k is capable ( completely decompos+ j ( ?is salt1 & ( r5d]+ x in]t4#cgi ,b]?ollet has accord+ly recomm5d$ ! imm$iate exhibition ( ?is decoction :5 an ov]dose ( ! salt has be5 tak52 & ,orfila has giv5 a v satisfactory case 9 :i* ?is antidote succe$$4 ,infusion & t9cture ( galls ?r[ d[n curdl$ & in]t precipitates ( a dirty :ite col\r1 incl9+ to yell[4 ,rhub>b is equally incompatible3 ! extract ( ?is sub/ance !re=e nev] ought to be employ$ 9 =m+ pills ( t>t> emetic3 b x des]ves notice t ?is salt is n decompos$ by ! infusions ( g5tian or wormwood4 ,! ,alkal9e ,sulphates1 provid$ !y be p]fectly neutral1 produce no di/urbance 9 solutions ( t>t> emetic1 & !re=e _c be consid]$ incompatible ) !m2 if !re be any excess ( acid1 z 9 alum1 bi-sulphate ( potass1 c4 !n its decomposition is effect$1 & a :ite insoluble sulphate ( antimony is precipitat$4 ,x appe>s !re=e t ! fam\s 8,emeto-purgative0 ( ! ,fr5* s*ool1 consi/+ ( sulphate ( soda1 & t>t>iz$ antimony 9 solution1 is by no means ! un*emical mixture :i* "s h consid]$ x to be1 & t x really produces its effects f ! op]ation ( its orig9al +r$i5ts1 & n f t ( ! comp\nds 7,sulphate ( ,antimony1 ,t>trate ( ,soda1 & ,sulphate ( ,potass7 :i* h be5 errone\sly suppos$ to result4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,solution is its be/ =m1 see ,liquor ,antimonii ,t>t>izati4 ,,dose4 ,x ei!r vomits1 purges1 or sweats1 accord+ to ! quantity exhibit$2 ?us gr4 #a_/d w1 if ! sk9 be kept w>m1 promote a diaphoresis2 gr4 w procure "s /ools fir/1 & sweat+ aft]w>ds2 & gr4 j w g5]ally vomit & !n purge1 & la/ly sweat ! pati5t2 9 v m9ute doses1 z gr4 #a_/aj or #a_/ab comb9$ ) squill & ammoniacum1 x acts z an expectorant1 see ,=mul #a1 #b1 #c1 #h1 #fj4 ,x is decid$ly ! mo/ manageable1 & ! lea/ unc]ta9 ( all ! antimonial prep>ations1 & ! practition] w\ld probably h b little to regret1 7 all ! o!r comb9ations ( ?is metal disc>d$ f our ph>macopias4 ,"s au?ors h consid]$ ?is sub/ance z possess+ s$ative p[]s1 indep5d5t ( its nauseat+ & diaphoretic effects4 ,x und\bt$ly acts ^u ! he>t1 & controls ! =ce ( ! circulation 9 fev]s1 )\t occasion+ any o!r s5sible effect4 ,mr4 ,brodie1 aft] hav+ giv5 l>ge doses ( ?is salt to animals1 f\nd t ! he>t beat v feebly1 & al?\gh artificial respiration 0 kept up1 x soon ceas$ to act altoge!r4 ,l5?ois ( ,montpelli] advises small doses ( x 9 incipi5t ph?isis1 & x w\ld on "s occasions appe> to dim9i% ! febrile excitem5t4 ,! foll[+ is ! =m 9 :i* ,dr4 ,l5?ois recomm5ds x to be exhibit$ ^u su* occasions4 ,he directs a gra9 ( ,t>t>iz$ ,antimony to be dissolv$ 9 eight table spoonsful ( di/ill$ wat]1 :i* are to be add$ to six or eight p9ts ( wat]1 & to be tak5 z common dr9k4 ,t>t> emetic1 :5 triturat$ ) l>d1 9 ! proportion ( iss or ij to j ( ! latt]1 =ms a v p[]ful rubefaci5t1 occasion+ a pu/ul> eruption on ! sk91 & prov+ v s]viceable 9 deep-seat$ inflammation2 or ! application may be made by du/+ a piece ( adhesive pla/] ) t>t>iz$ antimony1 tak+ c>e to leave a m>g9 unt\*$ t x may m firmly adh]e4 ,dr4 ,j5n]1 9 a late ,essay on ! influ5ce ( artificial eruptions on c]ta9 diseases1 recomm5ds ! foll[+ =mula = su* a purpose4--4 ,antimonii ,t>t>izati 79 pulv]em subtilem trit47 ij--,ungu5ti ,cetacei ix2--,sac*>i albi#chj j2--,hydr>gyri ,sulphureti ,rubri gr4 v4 ,m4 ut fiat ,ungu5tum4 ,! ,pu/ules :i* are produc$ by ! inunction h be5 g5]ally comp>$ to v>iol\s pu/ules1 !y are1 h[ev]1 9 g5]al mu* small]1 n s r$ at ! base1 nor s t5se & :ite :5 fully suppurat$4 ,!y are v pa9ful4 ,9 ,hoop+ c\gh1 frictions ) ?is o9tm5t ^u ! region ( ! /oma* h be5 greatly extoll$4 ,by ?is application1 says ,dr4 ,j5n]1 we c n only create vesicles1 b we c d m1--we h at our comm& an application :i* w at ! same "t bo? vesicate & produce diseas$ action on ! sk9 itself1 by deeply d]ang+ its /ructure b5ea? ! surface4 ,?is is probably "o cause :y ! sympa!tic affection excit$ by ! use ( ,can?>ides1 & ^? *anges produc$ by ,t>t> ,emetic are v diff]5t4 ,! eruption %\ld be kept up = "s "t1 ei!r by ! re-application ( small portions ( ! dilut$ t>t>emetic o9tm5t1 to ! affect$ "p1 or by o!r g5tly /imulat+ o9tm5ts4 ,%\ld !y become mu* irritat$ & v pa9ful1 a s(t bread & milk p\ltice w 9 g5]al af=d relief1 )\t int]f]+ ) ! progress ( ! eruption4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 gr4 j4 is conta9$ 9 fss ( ,liquor ,antimonii ,t>t3 ,l4 & ,v9um ,t>tratis ,antimonii4 ,e4#cha ,,adult]ations4 ,x %\ld be always pur*as$ 9 its cry/all9e =m2 & a solution ( x 9 di/ill$ wat] ought to furni% a copi\s gold col\r$ precipitate ) sulphuret ( ammonia2 a precipitate soluble 9 nitric acid1 ) acetate ( lead2 & a :ite & extremely ?ick precipitate1 dissolv+ ) facility 9 pure nitric acid1 ) lime wat]4 ,if ! cry/als deliquesce1 ! pres5ce ( o!r salts may be inf]r$4 ,m4 ,sexullas1 9 a memoir ( :i* !re is a copi\s extract 9 ! ,j\rnal de ,ph>macie = #ahba1 has %ewn t all ! antimonial prep>ations us$ 9 m$ic9e1 except c>efully cry/alliz$ ,t>t> ,emetic1 conta9 m or less ars5ic1 :i* metal 0 orig9ally comb9$ ) ! antimony 9 ! ore1 & has cont9u$ p]t9aci\sly associat$ ) x ?r\gh all its modifications4 ,,aqua4 ,wat]4 ,wat]1 f its ext5sive p[]s z a solv5t1 nev] occurs 9 a /ate ( absolute purity1 al?\gh ! nature & degree ( its contam9ation mu/ necess>ily v>y accord+ to circum/ances & situation4 ,x is g5]ally f\nd hold+ e>?y matt] 9 a /ate ( me*anical susp5sion1 or sal9e & o!r bodies 9 *emical solution4 ,! usual v>ieties ( common wat] are class$ & def9$ by ,celsus2 & mod]n *emi/s h n f\nd any reason to reject ! arrangem5t4 8,aqua levissima pluvialis e/2 de9de fontana1 tum ex flum9e1 tum ex puteo2 po/hc ex nive1 aut glacie2 gravior 8 ex lacu2 gravissima ex palude40 #a4 ,,ra9 ,,wat]4 ,aqua ,pluvialis1 :5 collect$ 9 ! op5 fields1 is c]ta9ly ! pure/ natural wat]1 & consequ5tly ( ! lea/ specific gravity2 ! bodies :i* x holds 9 solution are1 c>bonic acid1 a m9ute portion ( c>bonate ( lime1 ) traces ( muriate ( lime4 ,,dew is said to be wat] saturat$ ) air4 ,ra9 wat] ought1 h[ev]1 to be boil$ & /ra9$ :5ev] x is collect$ ne> l>ge t[ns2 ,hippocrates gives ?is advice1 & ,m4 ,m>graaf ( ,b]l9 has %ewn ! wisdom ( ! precaution by a satisfactory s]ies ( exp]im5ts4 #b4 ,,spr+ ,,wat]4 ,aqua ,fontana1 9 addition to ! sub/ances detect$ 9 ra9 wat]1 g5]ally conta9s a small portion ( muriate ( soda1 & frequ5tly o!r salts2 b ! l>g] spr+s are pur] ?an small] ones1 & ^? :i* occur 9 primitive c\ntries1 & 9 silice\s rocks1 or b$s ( gravel1 necess>ily conta9 ! lea/ impregnation4 ,an important practical di/9ction has be5 f\nd$ ^u ! fact1 t ! wat] ( "s spr+s dissolves soap1 :il/ t ( o!rs decomposes1 & curdles x2 ! =m] has be5 t]m$ s(t1 ! latt] h>d wat]2 s(t wat] is a m p[]ful solv5t ( all vegetable matt]s1 & is consequ5tly to be pref]r$ = dome/ic z well z m$ic9al purposes2 ! brew] kn[s well f exp]i5ce h[ mu* m readily & copi\sly s(t wat] w dissolve ! extractive matt] ( 8 malt4 ,horses by an in/9ctive sagacity always pref] s(t wat]1 & :5 by necessity or inatt5tion !y are conf9$ to t :i* is h>d1 _! coats become r\gh & ill-condition$1 & !y are frequ5tly attack$ ) ! gripes4 ,pigeons also refuse h>d wat] :5 !y h be5 accu/om$ to t :i* is s(t4#chb #c4 ,,riv] ,,wat]4 ,aqua ex ,flum9e1 be+ d]iv$ f ! conflux ( num]\s spr+s & ra9 wat]1 g5]ally possesses consid]able purity2 t ! proportion ( its sal9e +r$i5ts %\ld be small1 is easily expla9$ by ! precipitation :i* mu/ necess>ily take place f ! union ( diff]5t solutions2 x is1 h[ev]1 liable to hold 9 susp5sion p>ticles ( e>?y matt]1 :i* impair its transp>5cy1 & sometimes its salubrity2 ?is is p>ticul>ly obs]v$ ( ! ,se9e1 ! ,ganges1 & ! ,nile4#chc #d4 ,,well ,,wat]4 ,aqua ex ,puteo1 is ess5tially ! same z spr+ wat]1 be+ d]iv$ f ! same s\rce2 x is1 h[ev]1 m liable to impurity f its /agnation1 or sl[ infiltration2#chd h5ce our old wells furni% mu* pur] wat] ?an ^? :i* are m rec5t1 z ! soluble p>ticles are gradually wa%$ away4 ,mr4 ,dalton obs]ves t ! m any spr+ is drawn f1 ! s(t] ! wat] becomes4 #e4 ,,sn[ ,,wat]4 ,aqua ex ,nive1 has be5 suppos$#che to be un:olesome1 & 9 p>ticul> to produce bron*ocele1 f ! preval5ce ( t disease 9 ! ,alps1 b x does n appe> ^u :at pr9ciple its insalubrity c dep5d2 ! prejudice h[ev] is a v anci5t "o1 = ,hippocrates obs]ves t sn[ or ice wat] is un:olesome1 9 consequ5ce ( its f9] p>ticles be+ evaporat$ & lo/ dur+ its solution3 x appe>s to diff] only f ra9 wat] 9 be+ de/itute ( air1 to :i* wat] is c]ta9ly indebt$ = its briskness1 & p]haps = _m ( its good effects ^u animals & vegetables4 ,! same obs]vations apply to ,ice ,wat]4 #f4 ,,lake ,,wat]4 ,aqua ex ,lacu1 is a collection ( ra91 spr+1 & riv] wat]s1 contam9at$ ) v>i\s animal & vegetable bodies1 :i* f its /agnant nature h und]gone putrefaction 9 x4 #g4 ,,m>% ,,wat]4 ,aqua ex ,palude be+ ! mo/ /agnant is ! mo/ impure ( all wat]1 & is g5]ally load$ ) decompos+ vegetable matt]4 ,to :at ext5t ! impurities ( wat] are capable ( influ5c+ its salubrity1 has be5 a subject ( int]e/+ inquiry f ! age ( ,hippocrates to ! pres5t day4 ,to _m ( ^! natural contam9ations1 too mu* importance has be5 c]ta9ly atta*$2 x is an affect$ ref9em5t to suppose t ! pres5ce ( m9ute portions ( su* e>?y & calc>e\s salts1 z g5]ally occur 9 solution1 c imp>t any noxi\s quality to wat]2#chf :il/ on ! contr>y1 animal & vegetable impurities1 or e>?y bodies 9 a /ate ( me*anical susp5sion1 _c fail to prove injuri\s1 & mu/ be reg>d$ z ! true 8,,scel]a ,,aqu>um40 ,guid$ by false analogies _m h suppos$ t !y recognis$ ! orig9 ( all calc>e\s diseases 9 ! e>?y impurities ( wat]2 ! rese>*es h[ev] ( *emi/ry h remov$ ?is delusion1 by demon/rat+ t ! sub/ances f\nd 9 wat] nev] ent] into ! composition ( ur9>y calculi4#chg ,metallic & o!r accid5tal contam9ations are necess>ily highly injuri\s1 & ! wat] 9 :i* _! pres5ce is suspect$1 %\ld be submitt$ to ! mo/ c>eful exam9ation4 ,= ! purification & pres]vation ( wat] num]\s me?ods h be5 adopt$2 ! me*anical impurities may be remov$ by filtration1 :i* is p]=m$ ?r\gh por\s /ones1 or alt]nate lay]s ( s& or *>coal2 muddy wat] may be also cle>$ by add+ a few gra9s ( alum to ea* p9t1#chh & 9 t proportion1 ! wat] is n r5d]$ 9 ! lea/ disagreeable3 :5 wat] has contract$ a putrid smell1 x may be r5d]$ sweet by agitat+ x ) a small portion ( magnesia1 or ) black oxide ( manganese1 9 ! proportion ( #a p>ts to #bej p>ts ( wat]4 ,dr4 ,black obs]ves t nitrate ( silv]1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ antiseptic sub/ances kn[n1 w pres]ve wat] f putrefaction = ev]1 & t x may at any "t be sep>at$ !refrom 9 a few m9utes by add+ a small lump ( common salt2 ?is fact 9 itself is curi\s1 b ! exp]im5t is too haz>d\s to be recomm5d$4 ,dr4 ,al/on pref]s lime1 z a pres]vative ( ! wat]1 & proposes to remove x by ! addition ( a c>bonate ( magnesia2 ,dr4 ,h5ry has h[ev] f\nd t x is m economically precipitat$ by ! introduction ( a curr5t ( c>bonic acid into ! cask4 ,z t peculi> prop]ty ( wat] :i* is t]m$ h>dness1 g5]ally dep5ds ^u ! pres5ce ( sulphate ( lime1 ! addition ( an alkal9e c>bonate tw5ty-f\r h\rs previ\s to its be+ us$1 w be f\nd to re/ore x1 or if x %\ld dep5d ^u sup]c>bonate ( lime1 long ebullition )\t any addition w be f\nd suffici5t = its cure4 ,wat] :5 kept = a long "t 9 casks1 especially on long voyages1 is p>tially decompos$1 & a volume ( c>burett$ hydrog5 is evolv$1#chi imp>t+ to su* wat] ! peculi> smell & ta/e :i* *>act]ise x2 ?is decomposition may 9 a great degree be obviat$ by *>r+ ! int]ior ( ! wat] casks2 x is1 h[ev]1 prev5t$ 9 ! ,navy by sub/itut+ iron tanks = wood5 vessels4 ,9 ,ph>macy x ought to be rememb]$ t :5ev] common wat] is employ$ x %\ld n be h>d2 filt]$ ra9wat] maybe recomm5d$ z ! mo/ eligible on su* occasions4 ,,aqua ,,de/illata4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,di/ill$ ,wat]4 ,,qualities4 ,ta/e1 vapid f ! abs5ce ( air1 & slightly empyreumatic 9 consequ5ce probably ( ! pres5ce ( a small quantity ( extractive matt] :i* has und]gone p>tial decomposition2 a fluid-ounce weighs #ded gra9s4 ,,m$ic9al ,,use4 ,9 extemporane\s prescriptions1 di/ill$ wat] %\ld be always ord]$ :5ev] ! =mula conta9s any ( ! foll[+ sub/ances3--,acidum ,sulphuricum2 ,acidum ,citricum2 ,antimonium ,t>t>izatum2 ,arg5ti ,nitras2 ,cuprum ,ammoniatum2 ,f]rum ,t>t>izatum2 ,hydr>gyri ,oxy-murias2 ,liquor ,ammoni2 ,liquor ,plumbi ,sub-,acetatis2 ,liquor ,potass2 ,plumbi ,acetas2 ,solutio ,muriatis ,b>yt2 ,v9um ,f]ri2 ,z9ci ,sulphas2 ,f]ri ,sulphas4 ,di/ill$ wat] ought also to be employ$ 9 prep>ations :]e mu* wat] is evaporat$1 z 9 ! =mation ( extracts1 s9ce ! residual matt] ( common wat] w rema9 mix$ ) ! product ( ! process1 & uselessly add to its bulk1 or ev5 9 "s cases produce 9 x *emical *anges2 unless h[ev] "u su* circum/ances1 common wat] purifi$ by filtration %\ld be ord]$1 z ! air :i* x conta9s imp>ts to x a pleasant & sprightly flav\r4 ,9 mak+ infusions or decoctions1 x is v important t ! wat] %\ld be free f ^? impurities :i* imp>t to x h>dness1 & :i* r5d] x a f> less p[]ful solv5t ( vegetable matt]1 nor inde$ c res9\s sub/ances be mix$ ) su* wat]1 ev5 :5 assi/$ by a mucilag9\s m$ium4 ,on :i* acc\nt1 9 prescrib+ emulsions1 x may p]haps be prud5t to direct ! employm5t ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,,te/s ,,( ,,its ,,purity4 ,its transp>5cy ought n to be di/urb$ by ! addition ( nitrate ( silv]1 or muriate ( b>yta4 ,,aqua ,,m>9a4 ,sea ,wat]4 ,until ! late able rese>*es ( ,dr4 ,murray1 we possess$ b an imp]fect k ( ! composition ( sea wat]2 x is n !re=e surpris+ t ! analysis p]=m$ by diff]5t *emi/s %\ld be f\nd to be s mat]ially at v>iance2 ! true cause ( su* discordance is n[ easily und]/ood1 = x appe>s1 t 9 ! exam9ation ( a m9]al wat] or any comp\nd sal9e solution1 ! sub/ances obta9$ f x are n necess>ily ! orig9al +r$i5ts1 b frequ5tly ! products ( new comb9ations e/abli%$ by ! op]ation ( analysis1 & t consequ5tly ! nature ( ! result obta9$ may v>y accord+ to ! modes 9 :i* su* analysis has be5 conduct$1 or ev5 accord+ to ! degree ( dilution 9 :i* ! sal9e sub/ances exi/4#cij ,! elem5ts ( ! salts conta9$ 9 a p9t ( sea wat] are ,lime #bi1 ,magnesia #adh1 ,soda #ifc1 ,sulphuric ,acid #add1 ,muriatic ,acid #igg1 total #bbfa gra9s1 & suppos+ ^! elem5ts to be comb9$ 9 ! modes :i* ,dr4 ,murray's views appe> to e/abli%1 ! sal9e cont5ts ( a p9t ( sea wat] may be express$ z foll[s1 ,muriate ( ,soda #aeic1 ,muriate ( ,magnesia #cee1 ,muriate ( ,lime #eg1 ,sulphate ( ,soda #bef gra9s1 total #bbfa gra9s2 besides su* sal9e cont5ts1 x is contam9at$ ) v>i\s animal & vegetable bodies1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* x becomes1 :5 long kept1 highly (f5sive2 x ought also to be /at$ t ,dr4 ,wolla/on has discov]$ ! pres5ce ( a m9ute proportion ( potass 9 sea wat]2 & ,dr4 ,m>cet has m lately detect$ ammonia 9 comb9ation ) muriatic acid4 ,,m$ic9al ,,use4 ,z a ca?>tic1 a p9t is ! ord9>y quantity1 :i* %\ld be tak5 9 ! morn+1 at two doses1 ) an int]val ( half an h\r betwe5 ea*2 ?is quantity conta9s half an ounce ( purgative salt1 ( :i* ab\t ?ree-f\r?s are muriate ( soda1 b x is mu* m active ?an a simil> portion ( any artificial comb9ation4 ,9 procur+ sea wat] = m$ic9al purposes1 !re is a precaution1 ! importance ( :i* exp]i5ce has sugge/$ to me1 t x be n ha/ily drank on ! bea*1 be=e ! p>ticles ( s&1 ) :i* "u su* circum/ances x is g5]ally mix$1 are all[$ to subside2 f ! neglect ( ?is precaution ,i h witness$ s]i\s consequ5ces4 ,! mo/ important advantages ( sea wat] are d]iv$ f its ext]nal use z a ba?4 ,,aqu ,,de/illat4 ,l4,d4 ,,aqu ,,/illatiti4 ,e4 ,di/ill$ ,wat]s4 ,^! are wat]s impregnat$ ) ! ess5tial oils ( vegetables1 & are pr9cipally design$ z grateful vehicles = ! exhibition ( m active rem$ies2 ample directions = prep>+ !m are giv5 9 ! sev]al ,ph>macopias1 & if !y be rectifi$ by r$i/illation !y may be kept = sev]al ye>s2 ! usual mode ( pres]v+ !m is by add+ _s1 :i* has also ! incid5tal advantage ( prev5t+ !m f be+ froz5 dur+ ! w9t] season4 ,"s recomm5d a film ( ! ess5tial oil to be diffus$ ov] ! wat]'s surface4 ,!y may be extemporane\sly prep>$ by add+ to wat] :at h be5 call$ ,ess5ces1 :i* consi/ ( ess5tial oil & alcohol1 or by rubb+ any ess5tial oil ) t5 times its weight ( sug>1 or1 :at answ]s /ill bett]1 ( magnesia3 :5 h[ev] !y are s prep>$ !y nev] reta9 _! transp>5cy4 ,! college1 9 ! pres5t ,ph>macopia1 h direct$ ! di/illation (f ! ess5tial oil1 z well z (f ! rec5t h]b2 ?is alt]ation is "o ( practical conv5i5ce4 ,! prop]ties ( ea* wat] may be le>nt by ref]r+ to ! vegetable f :i* x is di/ill$4 ,,aqu ,,m9]ales4 ,m9]al ,wat]s4 ,al?\gh all wat]s t fl[ f ! e>?1 are1 z !y conta9 m9]al bodies 9 solution1 /rictly speak+1 m9]al wat]s1 yet ?is t]m is conv5tionally appli$ to su* only z are di/+ui%$ f spr+1 lake1 riv]1 or o!r wat]1 by a peculi>ity 9 col\r1 ta/e1 smell1 or any obvi\s prop]ties1 or by ! m$ic9al effects :i* !y produce1 or are kn[n to be capable ( produc+4 ,to ! m$ical practition] ! hi/ory ( ^! wat]s is mo/ int]e/+ & in/ructive1 involv+ highly important subjects ( *emical & physiological inquiry4 ,^! wat]s are )\t d\bt indebt$ = _! m$ic9al virtues to ! op]ation ( ! sub/ances :i* !y hold dissolv$1 b ?is is s mat]ially aid$ by ! peculi> /ate ( dilution 9 :i* !y exi/1 z well z by ! m]e bulk & temp]ature ( ! wat] itself1 z to r5d] extremely d\btful ! success ( e attempt to conc5trate _! p[]s by evaporation4 ,to :at ext5t dilution may modify ! *emical condition ( sal9e solutions has be5 satisfactorily demon/rat$ by ! rese>*es ( ,dr4 ,murray 7see ,aqua ,m>9a71 & to :at degree an increase 9 ! solubility ( any rem$y may influ5ce its m$ic9al prop]ties has be5 consid]$ at "s l5g? 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is "w1 7page #agb47 ,x is c]ta9 t1 9 g5]al1 soluble salts are capable ( ex]t+ a mu* m p[]ful effect ^u ! animal economy1 ?an ^? :i* are insoluble2 on :i* acc\nt1 ! e>?y muriates1 especially t ( lime1 are among/ ! mo/ active +r$i5ts ( m9]al wat]s4 ,al?\gh *emical analysis has frequ5tly f its own imp]fection fail$ 9 asc]ta9+ _! pres5ce1 x seems probable t muriate ( lime & sulphate ( soda exi/ 9 all ^? spr+s t furni%1 by ! usual me?ods ( exam9ation1 sulphate ( lime & muriate ( soda2 = ! same reasons x is equally probable t iron1 :i* 9 c]ta9 wat]s has be5 suppos$ f ! analysis to exi/ z a c>bonate1 is 9 its native solution a true muriate2 ?is is und\bt$ly ! fact ) respect to ! ,ba? wat]s4 ,is x !n surpris+1 t m$ical practition]s %\ld hi!rto h fail$ 9 _! attempts to emulate1 by artificial arrangem5ts1 ! m$ical efficacy ( active & m9]al spr+s8 ,= ! inve/igation ( ! true composition ( m9]al wat]s ! rese>*es ( ,dr4 ,murray furni% a simple & elegant =mula4 ,det]m9e by precipitants ! weight ( ! acids & bases1 suppose !m unit$ 9 su* a mann] t !y %all =m ! mo/ soluble salts1 & ^! salts w con/itute ! true sal9e con/itu5ts ( ! wat] "u exam9ation4 ,m9]al ,wat]s admit ( be+ divid$ into f\r classes1 viz4 #a4 ,,acidul\s2 ow+ _! prop]ties *iefly to c>bonic acid2 !y are tonic & diuretic1 & 9 l>ge doses produce a transi5t exhil>ation2 ! mo/ celebrat$ are ,pyrmont1 ,seltz]1 ,spa1 ,c>lsbad1 & ,sc>bor\gh4 #b4 ,,*alybeate2 conta9+ iron 9 ! =m ( sulphate1 c>bonate1 or muriate2#cia !y h a /yptic1 inky ta/e3 ,h>tfell ne> ,m(fat1 ,pet]head1 ,tunbridge1 ,brighton1 ,*elt5ham1 ,ba?1 ,lem+ton ,priors1 ,ca/le ,horneck1 ne> ,p5zance1 c4 #c4 ,,sulphure\s ,,wat]s d]ive _! "* f sulphurett$ hydrog51 ei!r uncomb9$1 or unit$ ) lime1 or an alkali3 ,engi51 ,aix la ,*apelle1 ,h>r[gate1 ,m(fat4 #d4 ,,sal9e2 mo/ly purgative1 & are advantage\sly employ$ 9 ^? hypo*ondriacal & visc]al diseases t require cont9u$1 & mod]ate relaxation ( ! b[els2 ,*elt5ham1 ,leam+ton1 ,seidlitz1 & all bracki% wat]s4 ,"s spr+s1 z ^? ( ,ba?1 ,matlock1 & ,buxton1 owe _! virtues r to temp]ature ?an to any o!r cause1 & o!rs1 z ,malv]n1 to ! dilu5t p[] ( ! wat]4 ,9 ! ,codex ,m$icam5t>ius ( ,p>is1 =mul are introduc$ = ! prep>ation ( sev]al ( ! m di/+ui%$ m9]al wat]s1 "u ! head 8,aqu ,m9]ales ,arte ,fact40#cib ,,arg5ti ,,nitras4 ,l4 ,nitras ,arg5ti4 ,e4,d4 ,fus$ ,nitrate ( ,silv]1 olim1 ,lun> ,cau/ic4 ,,qualities4 ,fus$ nitrate ( silv] is 9 small cyl9d]s ( a d>k grey col\r1 & pres5t+1 :5 brok5 across1 a cry/all9e /ructure4 ,od\r1 none2 ,ta/e1 int5sely bitt]1 au/]e & metallic2 x t+es ! sk9 indelibly black2 :5 p]fectly free f copp]1 x is n deliquesc5t4 ,,*emical ,,composition2 oxide ( silv] #gj1 nitric acid #cj1 or "o atom ( oxide & "o atom ( acid4 ,,solubility4 ,9 an equal weight ( wat]1 at #fj2 x is also soluble 9 alcohol4 ,! solution readily yields transp>5t col\rless cry/als1 ! prim>y =m ( :i* is a "r rhombic prism4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,fix$ alkalies & alkal9e e>?s1 ! muriatic1 sulphuric1 & t>t>ic acids1 & all ! salts :i* conta9 !m2 ,soaps1 ars5ic1 hydro-sulphurets1 a/r+5t vegetable infusions1 undi/ill$ wat]s4 ,! solutions ( nitrate ( silv] are n di/urb$ by ammonia1 ! ammoniuret be+ v soluble2 ! c>bonate ( ammonia1 h[ev]1 produces a precipitation4 ,nitrate ( silv] t+es ! sk9 & hair black1 & has be5 frequ5tly employ$ = ! latt] purpose2#cid x likewise =ms ! basis ( p]man5t ink4#cie ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,tonic1 antispasmodic1 & es*>otic2 x is said to prove efficaci\s 9 epilepsy1 b dur+ a trial = sev]al ye>s 9 ! ,we/m9/] hospital1 ,i nev] c\ld discov] its virtues2 _m ( ! cases 9 :i* x has be5 suppos$ to h be5 successful1 probably d]iv$ advantage f ! purgative m$ic9es :i* 7 simultane\sly adm9i/]$4 ,x possesses a bitt] ta/e1 & x has be5 said to act l vegetable bitt]s ^u ! dige/ive organs1 & to (f] a res\rce 9 dyspeptic compla9ts4 ,x is pr9cipally useful z an ext]nal application1 & may be consid]$ z ! /ronge/ & mo/ manageable cau/ic t we possess2#cif :il/ 9 solution x acts z a useful /imulant 9 indol5t ulc]s2 & be+ possess$ ( ! p[] ( coagulat+ animal matt]1 x does n spread to any ext5t1 & is !re=e extremely conv5i5t :]e a l>ge es*> is to be avoid$4 ,a weak solution ( ?is metallic salt has lately be5 /rongly recomm5d$ by a ,fr5* surgeon1 z a rem$y = piles ( long /&+2 x also =ms an excell5t lotion to excite ! weak granulations ( fung\s ulc]s4 ,x is1 moreov]1 said to be highly useful z an injection 9 cases ( puri=m dis*>ges f ! e>2 be=e we direct h[ev] su* an application1 x is highly necess>y t we %\ld asc]ta9 ! tympanum to be entire1 or ! liquid may escape into ! int]nal e>1 & occasion v al>m+ irritation2 an ev5t :i* unhappily occurr$1 n long s9ce1 9 ! case ( a noble duke ( high milit>y r5[n4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,= int]nal use1 9 pills made ) crumb ( bread1 ) ! addition ( "s sug>1 to prev5t ! mass f be+ too h>d4 ,dose1 gr4 #a_/h1 gradually increas$ to gr4 j4 ,,adult]ations4 ,copp] may be always suspect$ :5 x deliquesces1 & is to be imm$iately detect$ by its solution assum+ a blue col\r1 :5 sup]saturat$ ) ammonia4 ,! /icks %\ld be pres]v$ 9 closely /opp$ phials1 & cov]$ ) s(t & dry pap]4 ,,antidote4 ,:5 ?is sub/ance has be5 tak5 9 excess1 muriate ( soda is its true antidote2 inde$1 s completely does x decompose1 & sep>ate x f wat]1 t if a saturat$ solution ( nitrate ( silv] be filt]$ ?r\gh common salt1 x may be aft]w>ds drunk ) impunity4 ,?is circum/ance alone1 w\ld ( necessity r5d] nitrate ( silv] a v unc]ta9 rem$y2 & yet x is evid5t t ! basis ( ?is salt is occasionally absorb$1 = !re are sev]al cases ^u record1 9 :i* ! oxyd ( silv] has be5 deposit$ 9 ! rete mucosum1 & giv5 a purple hue ( a v s+ul> appe>ance to ! pati5t2 ,i h lately witness$ an in/ance ( ?is k9d 9 a lady :o _h tak5 l>ge doses ( ! nitrate1 = ! purpose ( cur+ a dyspeptic compla9t2 & sev]al o!r simil> cases /& record$ 9 diff]5t works4 ,,armoraci ,,radix4 ,l4,e4 7,co*le>ia ,armoracia 7 ,raphanus ,ru/icanus1 ,d4 ,horse#cig ,radi% ,root4 ,,qualities4 ,ta/e1 hot & acrid2 ,od\r1 pung5t4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,all its virtues dep5d ^u an ess5tial oil4 ,,solubility4 ,bo? wat] & alcohol extract its active pr9ciples1 b !y are dissipat$ by decoction4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,z a /imulant 9 p>alysis x is (t5 useful2 ,syd5ham f\nd x successful 9 dropsies :i* 7 consequ5t on int]mitt5t fev]s2 ,cull5 recomm5ds a syrup made ) ! infusion ( horse radi%1 to remove t species ( ho>s5ess :i* dep5ds ^u local relaxation2 ,dr4 ,)]+ extols an infusion ( ?is root 9 milk z a cosmetic bo? safe & effectual4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,alkal9e ,c>bonates2 ,oxy-muriate ( ,m]cury2 ,nitrate ( ,silv]2 ! ,infusion ( ,galls & ( ,yell[ ,c9*ona ,b>k1 produce precipitates ) ! infusion ( ?is root4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,9 sub/ance1 scrap$ or swall[$ :ole1 or 9 infusion4#cih ,,dose ( ! sub/ance j1 ( an infusion fij4 ,see ,infus ,armoraci comp4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,infusum ,armoraci comp3 ,l4 ,spiritus ,armoraci comp3 ,l4,d4 ,,ars5icum ,,album4 7,acidum ,ars5iosum47 ,oxydum ,ars5ici4 ,e4 ,ars5icum4 ,d4 ,:ite ,ars5ic4 ,ars5i\s ,acid4 vulgo ,ars5ic4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 %9+ semivitre\s lumps1 break+ ) a con*oidal fracture1 & :5 r$uc$ to p[d]1 be>+ "s resemblance to :ite sug>2 ,ta/e1 acrid & corrosive1 b n 9 any degree correspond+ ) its virul5ce1 leav+ an impression ( sweetness4 ,specific gravity #cg2 x is volatiliz$ at ! temp]ature ( #chc ,fah3 & by a /rong heat is vitrifi$ into a transp>5t glass capable ( cry/alliz+ 9 tetrah$ra ) truncat$ angles1 or r 9 octoh$ra4 ,9 ! /ate ( vap\r x is q inodor\s1 al?\gh x is ass]t$ 9 _m *emical works ( au?ority to yield a smell l t ( g>lic2 ! fact is t ! alliace\s or g>lic-l smell is :olly conf9$ to metallic ars5ic 9 a /ate ( vap\r1 & :5ev] ! ars5i\s acid seems to yield ?is od\r1 we may inf] t its decomposition has tak5 place2 ?is happ5s :5 x is project$ ^u ignit$ *>coal1 or :5 heat$ 9 contact ) ^? metallic bodies :i* readily unite ) oxyg51 z ,antimony & ,t94 ,x is /at$ by ,orfila & o!r *emi/s1 t if x be project$ ^u heat$ copp] ! alliace\s od\r is evolv$4 ,?is ass]tion is und\bt$ly true1 b ! fact requires to be expla9$ ) m precision1 or we may fall into an important error respect+ x4 ,! ph5om5on takes place only :5 ! copp] is 9 a /ate ( ignition1 at :i* temp]ature its aff9ity = oxyg5 enables x to r$uce ! ars5i\s acid2 = ,i f9d by exp]im5t t if a few gra9s ( ?is sub/ance be heat$ on a plate ( copp]1 by means ( a _s lamp or bl[-pipe1 no od\r is p]ceptible1 = ! :ole ( ! acid is dissipat$ be=e ! copp] c acquire a suffici5tly exalt$ temp]ature to deoxidize x4 ,if ! ars5i\s acid be heat$ on a plate ( z9c1 ! smell is n evolv$ until ! metal is 9 ! /ate ( fusion2 if in/ead ( ^! metals we employ 9 our exp]im5ts ^? ( gold1 silv]1 or plat9um1 no alliace\s smell :atev] is produc$1 at any temp]ature4 ,x h[ev] des]ves p>ticul> notice1 t ! flame ( ! _s lamp is itself capable ( decompos+ ! oxyd1 9 consequ5ce ( ! op]ation ( its hydrog53 a fact :i* is v likely to betray ! *emi/ into ! fallaci\s belief t ! oxyd does yield ! od\r 9 "q4#cii ,x is probable t ars5ical vap\rs :i* yield ?is peculi> od\r are less noxi\s ?an ^? :i* are inodor\s1 b ,i am n aw>e t ! k ( ?is fact c be appli$ to any purpose ( practical importance4#djj ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,?is sub/ance possesses _m ( ! ess5tial habitudes ( an acid1 z = in/ance1 t ( comb9+ ) ! pure alkalies to saturation2 x is !re=e v prop]ly d5om9at$ ,ars5i\s ,acid4 ,x may be f>!r acidifi$ by di/ill+ x ) nitr\s acid1 & ! comp\nd :i* results is a :ite concrete sub/ance t]m$ ,ars5ic ,acid2 f exp]im5ts on ! quantity ( oxyg5 absorb$ by metallic ars5ic1 dur+ its conv]sion into ^! two comp\nds1 in/itut$ by ,pr\/ & ,davy1 x appe>s t ! ars5i\s acid consi/s ( ab\t #be ( oxyg5 & #ge ( metal1 & ! ars5ic acid ( #cc ( oxyg5 & #fg ( metal2 or1 ! quantity ( metal be+ ! same1 t ! oxyg5 9 ! latt] comp\nd is to t 9 ! =m] ne>ly z ?ree to two4 ,,solubility4 ,we h b lately be5 set "r ^u ?is po9t2 ,klapro? has %ewn t x requires = its solution #djj p>ts ( wat] at #fj & only #ac at #bab1 & moreov]1 t if #ajj p>ts ( wat] be boil$ on ! ars5i\s acid1 & suff]$ to cool1 x w reta9 ?ree gra9s 9 solution1 & deposit ! rema9d] 9 tetrah$ral cry/als2 ?is fact %ews ! importance ( employ+ boil+ wat] 9 e *emical exam9ation ( sub/ances suppos$ to conta9 ars5ic4 ,x is soluble 9 alcohol & oils1 ! =m] tak+ up two p] c5t42 ) lime wat] x produces a :ite precipitate ( ars5ite ( lime1 :i* is soluble 9 an excess ( ars5i\s acid2 ) magnesia x =ms a soluble ars5ite1 :i* proves v virul5t4 ,! poison\s effects ( ars5i\s acid are s amply detail$ 9 m$ical works1#dja t x w\ld be sup]flu\s to dwell ^u !m 9 ?is place2 x may h[ev] be int]e/+ & useful to record an acc\nt ( ! p]nici\s influ5ce ( ars5ical fumes ^u organiz$ be+s1 z ,i h be5 enabl$ to asc]ta9 9 ! copp] smelt+ works1 & t9 burn+-h\ses ( ,cornwall4 ,?is influ5ce is v app>5t 9 ! condition bo? ( ! animals & vegetables 9 ! vic9ity2 horses & c[s commonly lose _! ho(s1 & ! latt] are (t5 to be se5 9 ! neighb\r+ pa/ures crawl+ on _! knees1 & n unfrequ5tly suff]+ f a canc]\s affection 9 _! rumps1 :il/ ! mil* c[s1 9 addition to ^! mis]ies1 are soon depriv$ ( _! milk2 ! m5 employ$ 9 ! works are m heal?y ?an we c\ld a priori h suppos$ possible2 ! antidote ^u :i* !y all rely ) confid5ce1 :5ev] !y are infe/$ ) m ?an an ord9>y portion ( ars5ical vap\r1 is sweet oil1 & an annual sum is all[$ by ! proprietors 9 ord] t x may be con/antly suppli$2 ?is op9ion is n solit>y1 = ,ta*5ius relates t ! poison\s effects1 su* z convulsions1 gripes1 & bloody /ools1 ) :i* he 0 seiz$ f exposure to ! fumes ( ars5ic1 7 reliev$ by milk & oil4 ,x des]ves notice t ! smelt]s are occasionally affect$ ) a canc]\s disease 9 ! scrotum1 simil> to t :i* infe/s *imney-sweep]s1 & x is s+ul> t ,/ahl 9 describ+ ! putresc5t t5d5cy 9 ! bodies ( ^? :o die f ?is poison1 m5tions 9 p>ticul> ! gangr5\s appe>ance ( ^! p>ts4 ,x is a v extraord9>y fact t previ\s to ! e/abli%m5t ( ! copp] works 9 ,cornwall1 ! m>%es 9 _! vic9ity 7 cont9ually excit+ int]mitt5t fev]1 :]eas s9ce t p]iod a case ( ague has n occurr$ 9 ! neighb\rhood2 ,i h he>d x rem>k$ by ! m5 9 ! works1 t ! smoke kills all fev]s4 ,! fact is "h /at$ )\t any o!r comm5t ?an t ! agricultural improvem5ts :i* h tak5 place 9 ! di/rict1 are n suffici5t to af=d any clue to ! explanation ( ! circum/ance4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,mu* has be5 said ^u ?is subject1 & ! propriety & safety ( its exhibition has be5 (t5 que/ion$2 !re c be no d\bt b t ! greate/ circumspection is requir$ 9 ! practition] :o adm9i/]s x1 & x ought n1 9 my op9ion1 to be employ$ until o!r rem$ies h fail$2 t x is capable ( accumulat+ 9 ! sy/em is v evid5t1 & ?is1 9 c]ta9 habits1 may pr$ispose ! pati5t to s]i\s diseases2 ! =m 9 :i* x is mo/ manageable & lea/ dang]\s1 is t ( solution4 ,see ,liquor ,ars5icalis4 ,"s practition]s h exhibit$ x 9 sub/ance1 made into pills1 by rubb+ "o gra9 ) t5 ( sug>1 & !n beat+ ! mixture ) a suffici5t quantity ( crumb ( bread to =m t5 pills1 "o ( :i* is a dose4 ,! ,*9ese & o!r ori5tal nations =m ! sulphuret ( ars5ic 7realg>7 into m$ical cups1 & use lemon juice1 aft] x has /ood "s h\rs 9 !m1 by way ( ca?>tic4 ,z an ext]nal application1 ars5ic has long be5 extoll$ 9 ! cure ( canc]s2 ! cau/ic s ext5sively us$ "u ! sanction ( ! late ,mr4 ,ju/amond 9 cases ( op5 canc]1 consi/$ ( two p>ts ( ,antimony1 & "o ( ,ars5i\s acid1 flux$ toge!r 9 a crucible1 & aft]w>ds levigat$1 & r$uc$ to ! requisite degree ( mildness by ! addition ( p[d]$ ,opium4#djb ,b x des]ves notice 9 ?is place1 t repeat$ exp]im5ts h prov$ t ars5ic kills#djc m rapidly :5 appli$ ext]nally to an abrad$ "p1 ?an :5 int]nally adm9i/]$4 ,see page #acb4 ,lion>do di ,capoa relates ! case ( a *ild kill$ by ! viol5t vomit+ & purg+ aris+ f a slight w\nd made 9 ! head by a comb1 wet ) oil1 9 :i* ,ars5ic _h be5 infus$ = ! purpose ( kill+ v]m92 & we h num]\s in/ances on record1 :]e ! application ( ars5ical c]ates & o9tm5ts has be5 foll[$ by viol5t & dang]\s symptoms4 ,we also le>n f ! diff]5t hi/orians ( ! ,plague ( ,london1 t ! ars5ical amulets :i* 7 worn1 z pres]vatives1 on t occasion1 7 sometimes att5d$ ) delet]i\s consequ5ces2 ,crato 7,epi/4 #afh47 obs]v$ an ulc] ( ! brea/ produc$ by !m4 ,v]nas*a1 viol5t pa9s & syncope4 ,among/ ! =eign au?ors :o h relat$ cases ( poison+ by ! ext]nal application ( ,ars5ic we may m5tion ,desgranges 7,recueil ,p]iod3 de la ,socit de ,m$3 de ,p>is1 ,t4 vi4 p4 #bb47 :o records ! hi/ory ( a *amb]maid1 poison$ by hav+ rubb$ h] head ) an ars5ical o9tm5t = ! purpose ( de/roy+ v]m92 & ,r\x 7,n\veaux ,elem5s de ,m$3 ,op]at4 p>4 ,j4 ,p4 ,r\x17 :o confess$ to h kill$ a "y girl ( eighte5 by an application ( ! 8,pate ,ars5icale0 to a canc]\s brea/4 ,to ! ,empirics ( our own times we are indebt$ = _m fatal illu/rations ( ! subject4 ,s9ce ! la/ edition ( ?is "w1 a ,lady appli$ to a well kn[n ,quack1 di/+ui%$ = 8 impud5t pret5sions 9 ! treatm5t ( canc]1 & submitt$ to a cau/ic application to ! brea/4 ,9 a %ort "t p>alysis ensu$1 & ! application 0 discov]$ to conta9 a l>ge proportion ( ,ars5ic1 & t ! disease1 = ! cure ( :i* x _h be5 appli$1 0 n canc]4 ,a some:at analog\s case occurr$ "u ! c>e ( a bold empiric 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,/4 ,george's ,fields1 :o und]took to remove ! de=mity ( b[ legs 9 a d&y draw+-ma/]6 by rasp+ ! %9 bones1 & apply+ ars5ic to ! surface ( ! w\nd2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 9 addition to ext5sive local mis*ief1 ! unhappy dupe became p>alytic4 ,x is also necess>y to in=m ! practition] t ,ars5i\s acid has be5 kn[n to produce poison\s effects :5 appli$ to ! unbrok5 sk92 a case ( ?is nature is relat$ by ,desgranges1 9 ! six? volume ( ! ,recueil ,p]iodique de la ,soc3 de ,m$3 ano!r may be f\nd 9 ! #bb;d volume ( ! ,acta ,g]manica 7#agcj72 & ,r5ault obta9$ simil> results 9 8 exp]im5ts on animals4 ,:5 ! sy/em is "u ! influ5ce ( ars5ic1 ! foll[+ symptoms w appe>1 viz4 ?ickness1 r$ness1 & /iffness ( ! palpebr1 sor5ess ( ! gums1 ptyalism1 it*+ ov] ! surface ( ! body1 re/lessness1 c\gh1 pa9 9 ! /oma* & b[els1 head-a*e1 & ,i h also occasionally notic$ paucity ( ur9e1 & ev5 /rangu>y1 a fact ( :i* ,i f9d no m5tion 9 o!r au?ors4 ,/range z x may appe>1 ,ars5ic has be5 inhal$1 toge!r ) ! vap\rs ( frank9c5se1 myrrh1 & ^? ( o!r gums dur+ a p>oxysm ( a/hma6 ,?is extraord9>y practice arose f ! practition] mi/ak+ ! gum junip]1 or ,v]nix ( ! ,arabians1 :i* by _! m$ical au?ors 0 prescrib$ 9 fumigations "u ! "n ( ,s&>a*1 = ! ( ,ari/otle1 :i* 0 a sulphur$ ( ars5ic4 ,,adult]ations4 ,x is frequ5tly sophi/icat$ ) *alk1 gypsum1 or sulphate ( b>ytes2 ! fraud is in/antly detect$ by its n be+ entirely volatiliz$ by heat1 or by any insoluble residuum occurr+ 9 prep>+ ! ,liquor ,ars5icalis1 accord+ to ! directions ( ! ph>macopia4 ,to _m ! adult]ation ( s active a sub/ance may seem unimportant1 b 9 consequ5ce ( its be+ ?us r5d]$ a m$ic9e ( v>iable activity1 x is "o ( ! mo/ dang]\s frauds :i* c be committ$2 a v unpleasant circum/ance lately occurr$ f su* a cause 9 "o ( our public in/itutions3 ars5ic _h be5 obta9$ f ! %op ( a respectable *emi/1 :o _h n usually suppli$ ! e/abli%m5t1 = ! purpose ( prep>+ ! ars5ical solution3 ! article happ5$ to be less adult]at$ ?an t :i* _h be5 previ\sly employ$2 ! solution h[ev] 0 prep>$ 9 ! usual way1 & ! usual dose 0 cont9u$1 :5 ! pati5ts 7 soon seiz$ ) viol5t pa9s 9 ! b[els1 & ! cause 0 n detect$ until by an exam9ation ( ! bottle ! usual s$im5t 0 n discov]$4 ,,antidotes4 ,late rese>*es h %ewn t sulphuret ( potass1 on :i* physicians h plac$ s mu* reliance1 m]its no confid5ce4 ,! great indication to be fulfill$ 9 all cases ( poison+ is to excite vomit+1 & to adm9i/] liquids :i* are ! lea/ liable to act z solv5ts ( ! acrid matt]1 on :i* acc\nt lime wat] pres5ts itself z a v appropriate fluid4 ,! subject1 h[ev]1 is v fully consid]$ 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is "w1 to :i* ,i am v desir\s ( direct+ ! att5tion ( ! m$ical practition]2 see ,antidotes4 ,me?ods ( detect+ ! pres5ce ( ,ars5i\s ,acid4 #a4 ,by its r$uction to a metallic /ate4 ,mix a portion ( ! suspect$ p[d] ) ?ree times its weight ( black flux2#djd put ! mixture into a ?9 glass tube1 h]metically clos$#dje at "o end1 ab\t eight in*es 9 l5g?1 & "o-f\r? ( an in* 9 diamet]2 %\ld any ( ! p[d] adh]e to ! sides ( ! tube1 x mu/ be c>efully bru%$ (f ) a fea!r1 s t ! inn] surface ( its upp] "p may be p]fectly clean & dry2 ! clos$ end ( ! tube1 by way ( security1 may be ?9ly coat$ ) a mixture ( pipe-clay & s&1#djf b ?is op]ation is n absolutely necess>y2 ! op5 extremity is to be loosely plugg$ ) a piece ( pap]2 ! coat$ end mu/ be n[ heat$ on a *aff+ di% ( r$ hot coals1 :5 ! ars5ic1 if pres5t1 w sublime1 & be f\nd l9+ ) a brilliant metallic cru/ ! upp] "p ( ! tube2 a portion ( ?is r$uc$ metal1 if x be ars5ic1 w1 :5 laid on heat$ iron1 exhale 9 d5se fumes1 :i* are *>act]is$ by a /rong smell ( g>lic4 ,mr4 ,phillips has lately /at$ t ! tube may be suffici5tly heat$1 = ! purpose ( metallization1 by means ( a _s lamp4#djg ,x m]its p>ticul> notice1 t 9 r$uc+ by ! above process ! ars5i\s acid to ! /ate ( metal1 ! pres5ce ( potass 9 ! flux is v ess5tial1 s9ce x =ms imm$iately an ars5ite ( potass1 & !reby fixes ! ars5i\s acid1 & prev5ts x f be+ volatiliz$ be=e ! temp]ature is suffici5tly high to enable ! *>coal to decompose x2 an ignorance ( ?is fact has n unfrequ5tly prov$ a s\rce ( disappo9tm5t & fallacy4 ,ano!r me?od ( id5tify+ :ite ars5ic by metallization1 is to =m at ! mom5t ( its r$uction1 an alloy ) copp]1 :i* is easily effect$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]1--,mix ! suspect$ p[d] ) black flux1 z 9 ! =m] exp]im5t1 & place ! mixture betwe5 two poli%$ plates ( copp]1 b9d !m tight toge!r by iron wire1 & expose !m to a l[ read heat2 if ! includ$ sub/ance conta9$ ars5ic1 a silv]y :ite /a9 w be left on ! surface ( ! copp]1 :i* is an alloy ( ! two metals4 ,if 9 ?is1 z 9 ! =m] exp]im5t1 *>coal be employ$ )\t ! addition ( a fix$ alkali1 ! result may1 = ! same reason1 prove unsatisfactory4 ,b1 ) :atev] c>e ?is exp]im5t is conduct$1 x is1 to say ! lea/1 a clumsy & unsatisfactory te/1 & ought nev] to be reli$ ^u4 #b4 ,by ! application ( c]ta9 ,reag5ts1 or ,te/s1 to its ,solutions4 ,a great & important "q has aris5 9 m$ical jurisprud5ce1 :e!r any *emical pro( ( ! pres5ce ( :ite ars5ic1 %ort ( its actual r$uction to ! /ate ( metal1 c be dep5d$ ^u1 or ought to be receiv$ z evid5ce 9 ! c\rts ( crim9al law4 ,aft] a full exp]im5tal inve/igation ( ! subject1 & an imp>tial review ( all ! facts :i* be> ^u ! "q1 ,i feel no hesitation 9 decl>+ x to be my conviction1 t :ite ars5ic may be detect$ )\t any fe> ( fallacy1 by a prop] application ( c]ta9 te/s1 & t ! contr>y op9ion is entirely f\nd$ 9 error1 & unsupport$ by exp]im5t1 z w m fully appe> 9 ! sequel4#djh 7,a7 ,fus$ ,nitrate ( ,silv]1 or ,lun> ,cau/ic--,= ?is te/ we are indebt$ to ,mr4 ,hume ( ,london1 :o fir/ gave x to ! public 9 ! ,philosophical ,magaz9e = ,may #ahji1 vol4 xxxiii4 ,8 me?od ( apply+ x is z foll[s3 into a clean ,flor5ce flask introduce two or ?ree gra9s ( ! suspect$ p[d]1 to :i* add ab\t eight ounces ( ra9 or di/ill$ wat]1 & heat ! solution until x beg9s to boil1 !n :ile x boils frequ5tly %ake ! flask1 & add to ! hot solution a gra9 or two ( sub-c>bonate ( potass1 agitat+ ! :ole to make ! mixture uni=m4 ,p\r into a w9e glass ab\t two table spoonsful ( ! solution1 & t\* ! surface ( ! fluid ) a /ick ( lun> cau/ic4 ,if ars5ic be pres5t1 a beautiful yell[ precipitate w in/antly proce$ f ! po9t ( contact1 & settle t[>ds ! bottom ( ! glass z a floccul5t & copi\s precipitate4 ,by ?is te/ ! #fj? "p ( a gra9 may be satisfactorily recognis$ 9 two ounces ( wat]4 ,! pres5ce ( "s alkali is ess5tial to ! success ( ! exp]im5t1 s9ce ars5i\s acid is unable1 by ! op]ation ( simple aff9ity1 to decompose ! nitrate ( silv]4#dji ,! validity ( ?is te/ has be5 que/ion$ on ! foll[+ gr\nds1 :i* %all be fairly exam9$ 9 ord]4 ,,objection #a4 ,! alkal9e phosphates are f\nd to produce precipitates ) silv]1 analog\s 9 col\r & appe>ance to ! ars5ite ( silv]4 ,?is is und\bt$ly ! case :5 ! exp]im5t is p]=m$ 9 ! mann] j /at$1 b !re are o!r reag5ts :i* w imm$iately di/+ui% ^! bodies1 z w be se5 "u ! hi/ory ( ! ,ammoniuret ( silv]2 ,i h also %ewn t !re is a mode ( s modify+ ! application ( ! silv] te/ itself1 t no error or d\bt c arise 9 ! use ( x f ! pres5ce ( phosphoric salts4#daj ,my me?od consi/s 9 conduct+ ! trial on writ+ pap]1 in/ead ( 9 glasses1 ?us--drop ! suspect$ fluid on a piece ( :ite pap]1 mak+ ) x a broad l9e2 along ?is l9e a /ick ( lun> cau/ic is to be sl[ly drawn sev]al times successively1 :5 a /reak is produc$ ( a col\r resembl+ t kn[n by ! "n ( ,indian ,yell[2 & ?is is equally produc$ by ! pres5ce ( ars5ic & t ( an alkal9e phosphate1 b ! "o f ars5ic is r\gh1 curdy1 & floccul5t1 z if effect$ by a crayon1 t f a phosphate homog5e\s & uni=m1 resembl+ a wat]-col\r laid smoo?ly on ) a bru%2 b a mo/ important & di/9ctive peculi>ity soon succe$s1 = 9 less ?an two m9utes ! phosphoric yell[ fades into a sad gre51 & becomes gradually d>k]1 & ultimately q black2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ! ars5ical yell[ rema9s p]man5t1 or ne>ly s1 = "s "t1 :5 x becomes br[n4 ,9 p]=m+ ?is exp]im5t ! sun-%9e %\ld be avoid$1 or ! transitions ( ! col\r w take place too rapidly4 ,x w\ld be prud5t also = ! inexp]i5c$ op]ator to p]=m a simil> exp]im5t on a fluid kn[n to conta9 ars5ic1 & on ano!r ) a phosphoric salt1 z a /&>d ( comp>ison4 ,9 ?is way ! nitrate ( silv]1 )\t ! int]v5tion ( any o!r te/1 is fully capable ( remov+ e ambiguity1 & ( furni%+ a di/+ui%+ m>k ( diff]5ce betwe5 ! *emical action ( ars5ic & t ( ! phosphates4 ,mr4 ,hume /ates t he has repeat$ ?is exp]im5t to 8 entire satisfaction1#daa & t1 9 a late un=tunate case ( poison+1 he d]iv$ consid]able in=mation by its application4 ,! labori\s au?or ( ! ,london ,disp5satory accepts x z an excell5t te/1 b obs]ves t x is r5d]$ m lum9\s by bru%+ ! /reak lightly ov] ) liquid ammonia imm$iately aft] ! application ( ! cau/ic1 :51 if ! ars5ic be pres5t1 a bright que5's yell[ is produc$ :i* rema9s p]man5t = ne>ly an h\r2 b t :5 ! lun> cau/ic produces a :ite-yell[ be=e ! ammonia is appli$1 we may inf] ! pres5ce ( "s alkal9e phosphate1 r ?an t ( ars5ic4 ,"o ( ! great advantages ( ?is te/ is ! v small quantity t is requir$ = exam9ation2 x w\ld be well !re=e = ! op]ator to p]=m ! exp]im5t 9 bo? ways on a sep>ate pap]4 ,,objection #b4 ,! ,muriates produce precipitates ) silv] s copi\s & floccul5t z to ov]come e indication :i* ! pres5ce ( ars5ic w\ld o!rwise af=d4 ,dr4 ,m>cet proposes to obviate ?is difficulty1 by add+ to ! fluid to be exam9$ dilute nitric acid1 & !n cauti\sly apply+ ! nitrate ( silv] until ! precipitation ceases2 9 ?is way ! muriatic acid w be entirely remov$1 :il/ ! ars5ic1 if x be pres5t1 w rema9 9 solution1 & may be r5d]$ evid5t by ! affusion ( ammonia1 :i* w in/antly produce ! yell[ precipitate 9 its *>act]i/ic =m4 ,?is mode h[ev] x mu/ be confess$ appe>s complicat$1 & requires "s *emical address = its accompli%m5t2 x %\ld be also kn[n t ! yell[ precipitate ?us produc$ is n always p]man5t1 = x is soluble 9 ! nitrate ( ammonia =m$ dur+ ! process4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 x is surely pref]able to precipitate at once f ! suspect$ fluid all ! sub/ances :i* nitrate ( silv] c effect1 & !n to expose ! mix$ & ambigu\s precipitate s obta9$1 to a l[ heat 9 a glass tube1 :5 ! ars5i\s acid w be imm$iately sep>at$ by sublimation4 ,9 ?is way ! pres5ce ( muriates may ev5 9 c]ta9 cases be s]viceable1 especially if ! quantity ( ars5ic be m9ute2 = by increas+ ! bulk ( ! precipitate we %all decrease ! difficulty ( its exam9ation4 ,by ?is process1 also1 ,i %\ld propose to meet ! emb>rassm5ts :i* arise f ! influ5ce ( v>i\s animal & vegetable sub/ances1 z milk1 bro?1 w9e1 c4 s frequ5tly pres5t 9 ! suspect$ liquid1 & :i* are kn[n to alt] ! "* ( ! ars5ical indications4 ,9 ?is case1 h[ev]1 we mu/ n rely ^u any s+le precipitant2 aft] hav+ ?r[n d[n all t is precipitable by ! silv] te/1 ! sup]natant liquid %\ld be decant$1 slightly acidifi$ by acetic acid1 & submitt$ to ! action ( ,sulphurett$ ,hydrog52 :51 %\ld any precipitate occur1 x mu/ be sep>at$ & add$ to ! =m]4 ,dr4 ,*ri/ison has demon/rat$ ! importance ( ?is proce$+ by %ew+ t ! precipitates1 occasion$ by ! ,ammoniurets ( silv] & copp]1 are soluble 9 c]ta9 vegetable infusions4#dab ,m4 ,orfila proposes to remove ! difficulties & emb>rassm5ts1 occasion$ by ! col\r+ matt] ( diff]5t m$ia1 by ! application ( ,*lor9e1 s z to *ange ! col\r to a %ade t w n (f] any optical imp$im5t to ! *>act]i/ic indications ( ! diff]5t te/s4 ,i am ready to admit t su* a mode ( proce$+ may1 on c]ta9 occasions1 assi/ ! accompli%$ *emi/ 9 8 analysis1 b 9 ! h&s ( a p]son less accu/om$ to *emical manipulation1 ,i hesitate n to decl>e t x is subject to fatal fallacies2#dac :]eas1 by precipitat+ ! :ole1 & submitt+ ! precipitate to ! process ( sublimation1 we %all avoid e s\rce ( error4 ,:y !n %\ld we attempt to pursue our game ?r\gh ! w9d+s ( a labyr9?1 :5 a direct road lies be=e u1 by :i* we may at once drive x into ! op5 pla98 ,mr4 ,phillips has rec5tly propos$ ! addition ( animal *>coal 7,ivory ,black7 = ! purpose ( de/roy+ ! col\r+ matt]4 ,he f\nd t by mix+ ?is sub/ance ) ! ,liquor ,ars5icalis1 t ! col\r+ matt] 0 s completely de/roy$ 9 a few m9utes1 t ! te/ ( nitrate ( silv]1 or any o!r might be readily appli$4 ,?is exp]im5t 0 repeat$ ) ,port w9e1 gravy s\p1 & a /rong infusion ( onions1 & he succe$$ 9 ^! cases 9 procur+ a solution suffici5tly col\rless = ! application ( ! mo/ delicate reag5ts4 ,x might be suppos$1 adds ,mr4 ,phillips1 t ! ,phosphoric acid :i* ! animal *>coal conta9s1 might h "s %>e 9 ! production ( ! yell[ precipitate ) silv]2 he f\nd1 h[ev]1 t wat]1 or w9e1 :i* 0 m]ely dige/$ on ! animal *>coal1 produc$ no effect ) ! nitrate ( silv]1 except a slight precipitate ( *loride2 & ?is ev51 0 prev5t$ by lixiviation4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 a s]i\s objection to (f] to ?is proposal4 ,animal *>coal1 by "s mode ( op]ation n und]/ood1 possesses ! prop]ty ( remov+ c]ta9 sub/ances f _! solution 9 wat]2 ,i h already notic$ ?is effect ) respect to ,lime wat]1 7see p4 #bdg1 note71 & ,i h lately f\nd t x takes place ) v dilute solutions ( ,ars5ic4#dad ,h5ce *>coal1 z we %all pres5tly f9d1 may be employ$ = ! purpose ( detect+ m9ute portions ( ars5ic4 ,,objection #c4 ,*romate ( potass produces1 ) ,nitrate ( ,silv]1 a yell[ precipitate :i*1 :5 plac$ side by side ) "o produc$ by ,ars5i\s acid1 _c be di/+ui%$ by col\r or appe>ance f x4 ,?is fact has lately be5 ann\nc$ by ,dr4 ,port] ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 7,silliman's ,j\rnal1 iii1 #cee47 ,b z ! pres5ce ( *romate ( potass c nev] be suspect$ 9 any rese>* aft] ars5ic1 9 cases ( =5sic int]e/1 ! fact is ( no importance to ! physician4 ,:]e ! ,ars5i\s acid is mix$ ) vegetable matt]1 & x becomes difficult to sep>ate x by filtration1 ! :ole may be evaporat$ to dryness1 tak+ great c>e t ! heat appli$ = su* a purpose nev] exce$s #bej ,fah3 or we %all lose ! ars5ic by volatilization4 ,! residue ?us obta9$ may !n be submitt$ to a high] temp]ature1 9 a sublim+ vessel1 9 ord] to procure ! ars5i\s acid 9 its pure /ate4 ,%\ld ! ars5i\s acid h1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 be5 dissolv$ 9 oil1 ,dr4 ,ure proposes to boil ! solution 9 di/ill$ wat]1 & to sep>ate ! oil aft]w>ds by ! capill>y action ( wick ?reads4 ,if ! ars5i\s acid be mix$ ) res9\s bodies1 oil ( turp5t9e may be employ$ z _! solv5t1 :i* w leave ! ars5ic unt\*$4 ,dr4 ,black direct$ ! application ( alcohol = ?is purpose1 b ?is is obvi\sly improp]1 s9ce ars5i\s acid is soluble 9 t fluid4 ,x has be5 /at$ t1 9 consequ5ce ( ! inability ( ars5i\s acid to decompose nitrate ( silv] by simple elective attraction1 ! pres5ce ( an alkali becomes indisp5sable 9 ! exam9ation1 = :i* purpose ,dr4 ,m>cet has sugge/$ ! sup]ior advantages :i* w att5d ! use ( ammonia1 9 cases :]e ! ars5ic has n be5 previ\sly comb9$ ) a fix$ alkali1 s9ce x does n1 :5 add$ s+ly1 decompose nitrate ( silv]2 a circum/ance :i* 9 us+ ! fix$ alkalies is v liable to occasion fallacy4 ,?is l$ ,mr4 ,hume to improve 8 orig9al plan1 by =m+ at once a comp\nd1 :i* he calls ! ,ammoniaco-nitrate ( silv]1 b :i* may ) m propriety be designat$ z an ,ammoniuret4#dae ,?is is a triumph 9 ! art ( analysis2 = :il/ x obviates ! necessity ( asc]ta9+ ! exact proportion ( alkali requir$ 9 ea* exp]im5t1#daf x possesses ! valuable prop]ty ( n 9 ! lea/ di/urb+ ! phosphate ( soda4 7,b47 ,sulphate ( ,copp]4 ,l ! prec$+ te/1 ?is also requires1 = its success1 t ! ars5i\s acid %\ld be comb9$ ) "s alkali1 9 :i* case1 by ! op]ation ( d\ble elective attraction1 an ars5ite ( copp] is ?r[n d[n ( a v /rik+ & *>act]i/ic col\r1 be+ t ( ! well-kn[n pigm5t call$ ,s*eele's gre52 if ars5ic be n pres5t 9 ! liquid s assay$1 & a fix$ alkali has be5 employ$1 ! result w be a delicate sky-blue1 in/ead ( ! grass-gre5 precipitate4 ,mr4 ,hume avails himself also ( ! peculi> prop]ty ( ammonia to =m a metallic salt1 & has employ$ x ) copp]3 he takes ! sulphate or acetate ( t metal1 & by ! same process z t describ$ = ! prep>ation ( an ammoniuret ( silv]1 =ms ano!r te/4 ,9 us+ ?is1 h[ev]1 c>e mu/ be tak5 t x be n too highly conc5trat$1 = 9 t /ate x w n produce precipitation4 ,mu* controv]sy has tak5 place on ! subject ( sulphate ( copp] z a te/ = ars5ic1 & x has be5 /at$1 ) m confid5ce ?an tru?1 t a decoction ( onions has ! prop]ty ( imp>t+ to ! copp] precipitate1 :i* is produc$ by a fix$ alkali1 a col\r & appe>ance analog\s to t :i* is occasion$ by ars5ic4 ,?is op9ion 0 boldly advanc$ & support$ on a mo/ important#dag trial at ! ,l5t assizes = ,cornwall 9 #ahag4 ,s9ce ?is ev5t an opportunity#dah has occurr$ :i* has enabl$ me to exam9e ?is alleg$ fact1 by a fair & appropriate s]ies ( exp]im5ts1 ! result ( :i* satisfactorily prov$ t ! op9ion 0 gr\nd$ on an optical fallacy1 aris+ f ! blue precipitate assum+ a gre5 col\r1 9 consequ5ce ( hav+ be5 view$ ?r\gh a yell[ m$ium4#dai ,! phosphoric salts may also1 "u simil> circum/ances1 be mi/ak5 = ars5ic1 = ! int5se blue col\r ( ! phosphate ( copp] w ?us necess>ily appe> gre54 ,?is in/ance ( optical fallacy is n solit>y1 = corrosive sublimate has be5 said to possess ! "* ( an alkali1 because x turns ! syrup ( violets gre51 :]eas ?is *ange is to be attribut$ solely to ! comb9ation ( ! yell[ hue ( ! sublimate ) ! blue col\r ( ! violet4 ,:5ev] !re=e su* a s\rce ( fallacy c be suspect$1 ! op]ator w\ld d well to repeat 8 exp]im5t on :ite pap]1 9 ! mann] ,i h be=e propos$1 & ! results :i* are obta9$ 9 glasses %\ld always be exam9$ by day-light1 & view$ by reflect$ & n by transmitt$ light4 ,! pres5ce ( ,p]oxide ( ,iron 9 ! ,cupre\s salt w also imp>t a gre5 col\r to ! precipitate produc$ by an alkali4 ,to obviate any fallacy :i* might arise f ?is circum/ance1 ,mr4 ,phillips proposes to add "s pure ,potass to ! sulphate ( copp]2 if pure1 a f9e blue precipitate w be ?us obta9$2 to ?is may be !n add$ ! suspect$ solution1 & if ,ars5i\s acid be pres5t1 x w !n conv]t ?is blue precipitate to a gre5 "o4 7,c47 ,sulphurett$ ,hydrog54 ,?is is a v delicate te/ = ars5ic1 produc+ ) its solution a beautiful gold5 col\r$ liquor1 :i* aft] a %ort "t lets fall a precipitate4 ,mr4 ,phillips1#dbj 9 review+ ! ?ird edition ( ! pres5t "w1 has /at$1 t no su* precipitate occurs1 b ,i f9d t 9 close1 z well z 9 vessels expos$ to ! air1 x takes place by repose4 ,by ?is reag5t1 s small a quantity z #ajjj1jjj may be detect$ 9 solution2 & x may be also /at$ 9 f>!r pro( ( ! utility ( ?is te/1 t x is less affect$ ?an any o!r by ! pres5ce ( animal or vegetable matt]4 ,! me?od ( prep>+ a solution ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas is extremely simple4 ,put into an oil flask ab\t two ounces ( undilut$ muriatic acid & an ounce & a half ( p[d]$ ,sulphuret ( ,antimony2 fit a cork to ! flask & pass ?r\gh x ! %ort leg ( a small glass tube twice b5t at "r angles2 pass ! long] leg ( ! tube into a phial conta9+ di/ill$ wat]1 & !n by ! heat ( a _s lamp appli$ to ! flask1 sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas w be abundantly lib]at$1 & ?\gh mu* ( x w escape1 yet a suffici5t quantity w be dissolv$ by ! wat]4 ,! annex$ sket* repres5ts ! app>atus propos$ by ,mr4 ,phillips1 & :i* w require b little practical skill1 ei!r = its con/ruction or use4 ,illu/ration ,b x is n always necess>y to prep>e a wat]y solution ( ,sulphurett$ ,hydrog51 a /ream ( ! gas1 introduc$ into ! suspect$ liquor by means ( ! above app>atus1 w act ) equal delicacy1 & possesses1 z ,dr4 ,*ri/ison has obs]v$1 ! advantage ( n dilut+ x4 ,be=e apply+ ?is te/1 x is necess>y to add an acid1 if any alkali %\ld exi/ along ) ! ,ars5ic1 o!rwise no precipitate w take place4 7,d47 ,alkal9e ,hydro-sulphurets4 ,^! bodies d n affect ! ars5i\s solution1 unless a few drops ( acetic acid be add$4 ,to ! ,hydro-sulphuret1 or p]haps m prop]ly1 ,hydrogurett$ ,sulphuret1 ( ,ammonia !re is an insup]able objection1 s9ce ?is fluid1 :5 dilut$1 possesses ! col\r :i* we expect to produce by ! action ( ,sulphurett$ ,hydrog5 ^u ,ars5i\s ,acid4 7,e47 ,*>coal ,p[d]4 ,?is te/ 0 propos$ by ,mr4 ,a4 ,?omson1 7,london ,disp5satory1 #bnd edition1 p4 #ec47 ,into ! suspect$ solution /ir a mod]ate quantity ( *>coal p[d]1 all[ x to settle1 !n p\r (f ! sup]natant liquor1 & :5 ! p[d] :i* rema9s is dry1 spr9kle "s ( x on a r$ hot pok]1 :51 if ! solution %\ld conta9 ,ars5ic1 ! od\r ( ,g>lic w be r5d]$ s5sible4 ,i h already (f]$ "s rem>ks ^u ! cause ( ?is ph5om5on 7page #cjd47 ,!re are sev]al o!r te/s by :i* ars5ic may be id5tifi$4 ,! process describ$ 9 ! ,dubl9 ,ph>macopia = ! prep>ation ( ,ars5ias ,kali1 ! ars5iate1 or r sup]-ars5iate ( potass1 :i* has be5 long kn[n "u ! "n ( 8! ars5ical salt ( ,macqu]10 has be5 /rongly advis$ z a collat]al pro(2 x consi/s 9 decompos+ ! nitrate ( potass#dba by ! ars5i\s acid1 b s9ce ?is problem requires t ! suspect$ poison %\ld be 9 a solid & palpable =m1 x is impossible to exam9e its pret5sions to our confid5ce1 )\t be+ rem9d$ ( ! /ory s (t5 told to u 9 our infancy1 ( cat*+ a bird by lay+ salt ^u its tail4 ,x is necess>y to obs]ve 9 ?is place1 t ! ars5iate1 l ! ars5ite ( potass1 or t ( ammonia1 is ob$i5t to ! silv] te/1 b t in/ead ( ! yell[ precipitate :i* is produc$ by ! latt] salt1 we obta91 by ! =m]1 a r$ or brick-col\r$ "o4 ,if ars5i\s acid & quick-lime be heat$ toge!r 9 a glass tube1 a sudd5 ignition is occasion$ at a c]ta9 temp]ature1 :5 metallic ars5ic w sublime1 & an ars5iate ( lime be =m$4 ,9 ?is case "o portion ( ! ars5i\s acid is robb$ ( its oxyg5 to complete ! acidification ( ! rema9d]4 ,9 tak+ an imp>tial review ( all ! evid5ce :i* ! inve/igation ( ?is subject c furni%1 x mu/ appe> to ! mo/ fa/idi\s1 t ! silv] & copp] te/ above describ$ are capable1 "u prop] managem5t1 ( furni%+ /rik+ & infallible indications1 & t 9 mo/ cases !y w be equally conclusive1 & 9 "s ev5 m satisfactory 9 _! results1 ?an ! metallic reproduction ^u :i* su* /ress has be5 laid1 & = ?is obvi\s reason1 t unless ! quantity ( metal be consid]able1#dbb its metallic spl5d\r & appe>ance is (t5 v ambigu\s & que/ionable4 ,x has to my k happ5$ to a m$ical p]son1 by no means defici5t 9 *emical address1 to ascribe to ! pres5ce ( ars5ic t :i* 0 no o!r ?an a film ( v f9ely divid$ *>coal3 9 ?is /ate ( d\bt ! la/ res\rce 0 to asc]ta9 :e!r x yield$1 or n1 ^u be+ heat$1 an alliace\s od\r4 ,surely an unprejudic$ judge w\ld pref] ! evid5ce ( sight1 z furni%$ by ! ars5ical te/s1 to t ( smell1 z af=d$ 9 ! la/ exp]im5t4 ,no "o w attempt to d5y t x is ! duty ( ! m$ical practition] :o is call$ ^u to decide s important a "q z ! pres5ce ( ars5ic1 to prosecute by exp]im5t e po9t :i* admits ! lea/ d\bt2 he %\ld also rememb] t 9 a crim9al case1 he has n only to satisfy 8 own consci5ce1 b t he is b\nd1 z f> z he is able1 to conv9ce ! public m9d ( ! accuracy & tru? ( 8 rese>*es2 & he fails 9 8 duty if he omits1 ?r\gh any false pr9ciple ( humanity1 to express ! /rong conviction :i* ! success ( 8 exp]im5ts mu/ necess>ily h produc$ 9 8 m9d4 ,let x h[ev] be rememb]$1 t ! application ( *emical reag5ts on solutions suspect$ to conta9 ars5ic1 s f> f ?r[+ any ob/acle 9 ! way ( ! metallic r$uction ( t body1 are ! v /eps :i* %\ld be adopt$ z prep>atory to ! 8exp]im5tum crucis10 s9ce ! precipitates :i* are ?us produc$ may be collect$1 & easily decompos$1 z be=e /at$4 ,^? :o = judicial purposes may require f>!r in=mation ^u ^! subjects are ref]r$ to ! second volume ( our "w on 8,m$ical ,jurisprud5ce40 ,tit3 ,poisons4 ,,ars5ici ,,oxydum ,,sublimatum4 ,l4 ,prep>$ ,oxide ( ,ars5ic4 ,! object ( ?is process is to ensure a pure & uni=m oxide2 x has be5 already /at$ t a m dang]\s fraud c sc>cely be committ$ ?an ! adult]ation ( ars5ic2 ,i am !re=e n incl9$ to co9cide ) ,mr4 ,?omson1 & to reg>d 8! pres5t process z sup]flu\s10 & ! committee ( ! college ent]ta9$ a simil> op9ion4 ,,as>i ,,folia4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,as>um ,europum4 ,as>abacca ,leaves4 ,,qualities4 ,! leaves1 :5 rec5t1 are nause\s1 bitt]1 & acrimoni\s1 & prove viol5tly purgative & emetic1 prop]ties :i* are impair$ by keep+4 ,,*emical ,,composition1 a peculi> acrid pr9ciple1 n well und]/ood4 ,,solubility1 wat] by infusion extracts _! s5sible prop]ties1 b !y are lo/ by decoction4 ,,uses4 ,z an errh9e1 ,dr4 ,cull5 has rem>k$ t !y =m ! mo/ useful species ( ?is g5us ( local /imulants4 ,,dose1 gr4 iij4 to v4 repeat$ e night until ! full effect is produc$4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,pulvis ,as>i compositus4 ,e4,d4 ,,asclepias ,,tub]osa4 ,pleurisy root4 ,radix4 ,! root ( ?is plant1 :i* is v abundant 9 e "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 is ! "p us$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,x has a bitt] ta/e1 & its mo/ soluble portions are fecula & a bitt] extractive matt]4 ,its be/ m5/ruum is boil+ wat]4 ,its m$ic9al prop]ties are expectorant & diaphoretic4 ,! diseases 9 :i* x has be5 f\nd useful are cat>rh1 bron*itis1 ! passive /age ( pneumonia1 & 9 rheumatism4 ,9 sub/ance x may be tak5 9 doses f j to ss4 ,( ! decoction1 made by boil+ half an ounce ( ! root 9 wat]1 a tea cup full may be tak5 frequ5tly dur+ ! day4 ,,assaf,,tida4#dbc ,l4,e4,d4 ,f]ula ,assaftida4 ,gummi ,res9a4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 small irregul> masses1 adh]+ toge!r1 ( a v>iegat$ texture1 & conta9+ _m little %9+ te>s ( a :iti%1 r$di%1 or violet hue4 ,ta/e1 bitt] & sub-acrid4 ,od\r1 ftid & alliace\s1 b ?is latt] prop]ty is v mu* impair$ by age4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,gum 7or accord+ to ,brugnatelli1 extractive7 #fj1 res9 #cj1 & ess5tial oil #aj p>ts4 ,,solubility4 ,x yields all its virtues to alcohol & !r2 if triturat$ ) wat] x =ms a milky mixture1 b :i* is n p]man5t1 unless "s int]m$e be employ$ = ! susp5sion ( ! gum-res92 = ?is purpose egg may be add$1 9 ! proportion ( "o yolk to a dra*m ( assaftida1 or a p]man5t mixture may be effect$ by c>efully triturat+ ! gum res9 ) d\ble its weight ( mucilage4 ,if vj ( assaftida be triturat$ ) ss ( camphor1 a mass results ( a prop] consi/5ce = a pla/]2 if triturat$ ) c>bonate ( ammonia1 x is easily r$uc$ to p[d]1 b und]goes no o!r *ange4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition2 9 mixture or 9 pills4 ,! ,indian physicians h an idea t on acc\nt ( its /imulat+ p[]s1 x w1 if adm9i/]$ to a pregnant woman1 produce abortion4 ,,dose1 gr4 v4 to j4 ,=m4 #bc1 #bi4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses1 /imulant1 antispasmodic1 expectorant1 & an!lm9tic2 9 c\ghs1 att5d$ ) pulmon>y weakness1 & a t5d5cy to spasm1 x is v b5eficial2 9 cases ( flatul5t *olic1 x has1 9 ! =m ( enema1 act$ l a *>m2 9 habitual co/iv5ess x (t5 proves an invigorat+ ap]i5t1 & may be advantage\sly comb9$ ) res9\s purgatives 9 torpor ( ! b[els connect$ ) n]v\s symptoms4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,mi/3 ,assaftid3 ,l4,d4 ,t9ct3 ,assaftid3 ,l4,e4,d4 ,spir3 ,ammoni ftid3 7,b7 ,l4,e4,d4 ,t9ct3 ,ca/ori1 comp3 7,b7 ,e4 ,pil3 ,aloes cum ,assaftid3 7,g7 ,e4 ,pil3 ,galbani3 comp3 7,b7 ,l4 ,enema ,ftid3 ,d4 ,,impurities4 ,its *>act]i/ic od\r %\ld be p[]ful1 & :5 brok51 its fracture ought to exhibit a blui%-r$ appe>ance4 ,x ought n to be brittle4 ,,aurum4 7,auri ,murias47 ,muriate ( ,gold4 ,gold 0 e>ly us$ z a m$ic9e4 ,x fell h[ev] into total disrepute until its use 0 a few ye>s s9ce reviv$ 9 ,france4 ,al?\gh x has attract$ "s att5tion lately1 x c h>dly be said to h reclaim$ a p]man5t place 9 ! mat]ia m$ica4 ,! mo/ /rik+ effects :i* x produces on ! sy/em1 are an increase ( ur9e & p]spiration4 ,x has be5 recomm5d$ 9 gl&ul> swell+s1 gleets1 s*irrus ( ! ut]us1 scr(ula1 & dropsy4 ,x is h[ev] z an antisyphilitic rem$y t x has be5 pr9cipally celebrat$4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,*re/i5 ( ,montpeli]1 x w\ld appe> t gold 0 n m]ely adequate to ! cure ( syphilis 9 all its =ms1 b t x possesses v great advantages ov] m]cury--,x does n affect ! gums1 nor does x 9 any way di/urb ! g5]al heal? ( ! pati5t4 ,not)/&+ ?is w>m recomm5dation ( ,dr4 ,*re/i51 x is /ill d\btful :e!r gold is adequate to ! cure ( syphilis4 ,! be/ =m 9 :i* ! gold c be giv5 is t ( ! muriate1 prep>$ accord+ to ! directions ( ! ,ph>macopia ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ( ?is ! dose is "o fifte5? to "o f\r? ( a gra91 9 pills1 giv5 e six1 eight1 or twelve h\rs4 ,,balsamum ,,p]uvianum4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,myroxylon ,p]uif]um74 ,p]uvian ,balsam4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 a viscid liquid ( a r$di% br[n col\r4 ,od\r1 fragrant & aromatic4 ,ta/e1 hot & bitt]4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,res91 volatile oil1 & b5zoic acid2 x is !re=e a true balsam3 ?is t]m 0 =m]ly appli$ to e vegetable res9 hav+ a /rong sc5t & ! fluidity ( treacle1 & :i* 0 suppos$ to possess _m m$ic9al virtues2 x is n[ re/rict$ to ^? res9s :i* conta9 ! b5zoic acid 9 _! composition1 ( :i* !re are only ?ree1 viz4 ! ,balsams ( ,p]u1 ,tolu1 & ,b5zo94 ,,solubility4 ,wat] :5 boil$ ^u x dissolves only a portion ( b5zoic acid2 !r is its mo/ complete solv5t2 alcohol dissolves x completely1 b ! quantity ( ?is m5/ruum mu/ be consid]able4 ,,prop]ties1 /imulant & tonic1 on :i* acc\nt 9 c]ta9 *ronic affections ( ! lungs1 x has be5 f\nd a s]viceable expectorant2 ,syd5ham gave x 9 ,ph?isis1 b :]ev] any inflammatory action is to be appreh5d$ ,dr4 ,fo!rgill wisely cautions u aga9/ its use4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,diffus$ 9 wat] by means ( mucilage1 or made into pills ) any vegetable p[d]4 ,,dose1 gr4 v to j4 ,,adult]ations4 ,a mixture ( res9 & "s volatile oil ) b5zo91 is (t5 sold = ,p]uvian ,balsam1 & ! fraud is n easily detect$1 & is probably ( b little importance4 ,,balsamum ,,tolutanum4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,toluif]a ,balsamum47 ,balsam ( ,tolu4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 a ?ick t5aci\s liquid becom+ concrete by age1 9 :i* /ate x is usually f\nd 9 ! %ops4 ,ta/e1 w>m & sweeti%4 ,od\r1 extremely fragrant1 resembl+ t ( lemons4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,volatile oil1 res91 & b5zoic acid4 ,,solubility4 ,x is soluble 9 alcohol1 =m+ a t9cture :i* is r5d]$ milky by wat]1 b no precipitate falls4 ,:5 dissolv$ 9 ! smalle/ quantity ( a solution ( potass1 its od\r is *ang$ into "o t resembles clove p9k4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,x has be5 reg>d$ z expectorant4 ,9 turn+ to ! classification ( expectorants1 p4 #ajb1 x w be f\nd to occupy a place 9 ! second division ( our fir/ class1 = x may be consid]$ z capable ( /imulat+ ! pulmon>y exhalants2 :5ce its use 9 *ronic c\ghs4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,x may be susp5d$ 9 wat] by means ( mucilage1 or yolk ( egg1 b x is r>ely employ$ except on acc\nt ( its agreeable flav\r2#dbd its virtues are simil> to ^? ( ! balsam ( ,p]u4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,t9ct3 ,b5zo94 comp3 ,l4,e4,d4 ,t9ct3 ,toluif]i ,balsam3 ,e4,d4 ,syrup3 ,tolut3 ,l4 ,,belladonn#dbe ,,folia4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,atropa ,belladonna47 ,deadly ,night%ade4 ,,qualities4 ,! leaves are inodor\s4 ,ta/e1 slightly nause\s1 sweeti%1 & sub-acrid2 _! peculi> prop]ties are n lo/ by dry+4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,vauquel9 f\nd t ! leaves conta9$ a sub/ance analog\s to album51 salts ) a base ( potass1 & a bitt] pr9ciple on :i* its n>cotic prop]ties dep5d$1 & m lately ! pres5ce ( an alkal9e elem5t has be5 detect$1 :i* has receiv$ ! appellation ( ,atropia1 ! sulphate ( :i* cry/allizes v beautifully4 ,,solubility4 ,wat] is ! mo/ p[]ful solv5t ( its active matt]4 ,,uses4 ,x is a p[]ful s$ative & n>cotic1 bo? z an int]nal m$ic9e & z an ext]nal application2 9 ?is latt] =m1 x alleviates local pa9s v effectually1 b is liable to affect ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,! rec5t leaves p[d]$1 & made into an o9tm5t ) an equal weight ( l>d w be f\nd an effici5t =m = _m purposes2 rubb$ ov] ! p5is x prev5ts priapism & relieves *ordee m effectually ?an any application :i* has be5 propos$4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,e "p ( ! plant is poison\s1 & ! b]ries f _! beautiful appe>ance h (t5 tempt$ ! unw>y2 ! leaves h[ev] furni% ! mo/ conv5i5t & p[]ful =m ( exhibition2 ext]nally1 !y may be us$ z a p\ltice1 int]nally1 "o gra9 ( ! dry leaves p[d]$1 & gradually increas$ to #aj or #ab gra9s1 or ! leaves may be infus$ 9 boil+ wat] 9 ! proportion ( f\r gra9s to two fluid-ounces1 :i* may be giv5 z a dose4 ,a little ( ?is infusion dropp$ into ! eye p]man5tly dilates ! pupil1 = :i* int5tion x has be5 successfully appli$ previ\s to an op]ation = ! cat>act4 ,! extract ( ?is plant1 s9ce its active pr9ciple is fix$1 ought to possess activity1 b z x occurs 9 comm]ce x is f\nd to be v unc]ta9 & v>iable1 a circum/ance :i* entirely dep5ds ^u ! mann] 9 :i* x has be5 prep>$4#dbf ,see ,extractum ,belladonn4 ,an ov]dose ( belladonna produces ! mo/ di/ress+ & al>m+ symptoms1 & s p>alyz+ is its influ5ce1 t vomit+ c be h>dly excit$ by ! /ronge/ doses ( t>t>iz$ antimony2 9 su* cases v9eg> w be f\nd ! be/ antidote1 or ! affusion ( cold wat] ov] ! surface ( ! body1 aft] ! application ( :i*1 emetics are m likely to p]=m _! duty1 = physiological reasons expla9$ 9 p4 #he4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,extract3 ,belladonn ,l4 ,succus spissatus ,atrop ,belladonn4 ,e4 ,,b5zo9um4 ,l4,e4 ,b5zoe4 ,d4 7,/yrax ,b5zo97 vulgo1 ,b5jam94 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 brittle masses1 compos$ ( :ite & br[ni%1 or yell[i% fragm5ts2 ,od\r1 fragrant2 ,ta/e1 sc>cely p]ceptible4 ,:5 heat$1 x exhales b5zoic acid 9 ! =m ( cry/als4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,res91 & a l>ge proportion ( b5zoic acid4 ,,solubility4 ,x is readily dissolv$ by alcohol & !r1 & is aga9 sep>at$ f !m by wat]2 solutions ( lime1 & ! fix$ alkalies sep>ate ! b5zoic acid f x1 :i* c aft]w>ds be recov]$ f su* solutions by ! addition ( an acid4 ,,uses4 ,x is consid]$ expectorant1 & 0 =m]ly us$ 9 a/hma1 & o!r pulmon>y affections2 x has h[ev] fall5 into disuse1 & is n[ pr9cipally employ$ 9 p]fum]y1 & odorif]\s fumigations4#dbg ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,acidum ,b5zoicum ,l4,e4,d4 ,t9ct3 ,b5zo9i comp3#dbh ,l4,e4,d4 ,,impurities4 ,x is f\nd 9 ! m>ket 9 v>i\s degrees ( purity1 ! be/ is yell[i%1 /udd$ ) :ite spots3 ! wor/ is full ( dross1 & v d>k or black4 ,,bismu?i ,,sub-,,nitras ,l4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 a :ite1 inodor\s1 ta/eless p[d]4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,oxide ( ,bismu? 9 comb9ation ) "s wat] & a little nitric acid4 ,,solubility4 ,x is insoluble 9 wat] & dilute acids1 b is dissolv$ by ! conc5trat$ acids1 & is aga9 precipitat$ by wat]4 ,! alkalies1 ,potass & ,soda1 also dissolve x1 b sp>+ly2 x is m soluble 9 ammonia4 ,,uses4 ,x 0 =m]ly employ$ z a cosmetic1 "u ! "n ( ,magi/]y ( ,bismu?1 or t ( ,pe>l ,:ite2#dbi s9ce1 h[ev]1 x becomes black f ! op]ation ( ,sulphurett$ ,hydrog5 & its comp\nds1#dcj mu* inconv5i5ce att5ds its application4 ,its m$ic9al p[]s appe> to h be5 fir/ notic$ by ,jacobi1#dca b ! rem$y attract$ little or no att5tion until ! publication ( a pap] ^u ! subject by ,odi]#dcb ( ,g5eva4 ,! diseases 9 :i* its p[]s z a tonic h be5 m p>ticul>ly display$1 are ,ga/rodynia1 ,pyrosis1 & ,dyspepsia att5d$ ) *olic4 ,dr4 ,m>cet 9 a pap] read 9 #ahja be=e ! ,m$ico-*irurgical ,society ( ,london1 says1 8,i h _h frequ5t opportunities ( try+ ! oxide ( ,bismu? 9 spasmodic affections ( ! /oma* 9 ,guy's ,hospital1 & ^? trials h fully confirm$ ! op9ion :i* ,i =m]ly gave ( ! utility ( ?is m$ic9e40 ,! practition] w receive a fur!r confirmation ( its value by ref]r+ to ,dr4 ,bradsley's ,m$ical ,reports3 & ,dr4 ,yeats has publi%$ 9 ! ,royal ,in/itution ,j\rnal#dcc a /rik+ case illu/rative ( its efficacy4#dcd ,dose1 gr4 v to xv1 9 ! =m ( pills4 ,,bi/ort ,,radix4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,polygonum ,bi/orta47 ,bi/ort ,root4 ,,qualities4 ,?is root has no od\r1 b is highly a/r+5t4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,its active pr9ciples are tann9 & gallic acid4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x acts z an a/r+5t1 & is accord+ly us$ 9 hemorrhages & fluxes4 ,,dose ( ! root j-j2 ( a decoction fj-fij4 ,comb9$ ) ,calamus x has be5 successfully adm9i/]$ = ! cure ( int]mitt5t fev]s4 ,see p4 #afg4 ,,calami ,,radix4 ,l4 ,acori ,calami ,radix4 ,e4 ,acorus4 ,d4 7,acorus ,calamus74 ,sweet ,flag ,root4 ,,qualities4 ,?is root is full ( jo9ts1 crook$1 & flatt5$ on ! sides1 int]nally ( a :ite col\r1 & loose spongy texture4 ,od\r1 fragrant & aromatic4 ,ta/e1 bitt] & pung5t1 qualities :i* are improv$ by exsiccation4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,! pr9ciples 9 :i* its qualities reside appe> to be ess5tial oil1 & bitt] extractive2 ! root likewise conta9s fecula1 :i* is copi\sly precipitat$ f its infusion by sub-acetate & acetate ( lead4 ,wat]y infusion extracts all its virtues1 b decoction impairs !m4 ,_s is also an appropriate solv5t1 & a res9\s extract may be produc$ accord+ly4 ,,uses4 ,x is n employ$ s frequ5tly z x des]ves2#dce x w\ld be a useful addition to _m ( ! comp\nd infusions ( vegetable /oma*ics4 ,,dose4 ,a cupful ( ! infusion made by add+ vj ( ! dri$ root to fxij ( boil+ wat]4 ,x is s fav\rite a rem$y ) ! native practition]s ( ,india1 9 ! b[el compla9ts ( *ildr51 t !re is a p5alty incurr$ by any druggi/ :o w n1 9 ! middle ( ! night1 op5 8 door & sell x1 if dem&$4 ,,calumb ,,radix4 ,l4 7,cocculus ,palmatus47 ,colomba1 ,radix4 ,e4,d4 ,calumba ,root4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 ! dri$ root import$ into ?is c\ntry is 9 transv]se sections2 ! b>k is ?ick1 & easily deta*$2 ! wood is spongy & yell[i%2 ! pieces are frequ5tly p]=at$1 evid5tly by worms4 ,od\r1 slightly aromatic4 ,ta/e1 bitt] & some:at acrid4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,c9*onia1 bitt] res91 volatile oil1 & />*1 9 addition to :i* ,m4 ,plan*e has f\nd a peculi> animal-l sub/ance2 x appe>s also to conta9 ,malate & ,sulphate ( ,lime4 ,,solubility4 ,boil+ wat] takes up ab\t "o-?ird ( its weight1 b pro( _s appe>s to be its mo/ p]fect m5/ruum4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,no *ange is occasion$ 9 ! infusion by ! solutions ( nitrate ( silv]1 sulphate ( iron1 muriate ( m]cury1 or t>t>iz$ antimony2 b precipitates are produc$ by ! infusion ( galls1 & yell[ ,c9*ona b>k1 by sub-acetate & acetate ( lead1 oxy-muriate ( m]cury1 & lime-wat]4 ,! infusion v soon spoils4 ,,dose ( ! p[d]$ root gr4 xv to ss2 ( ! infusion fiss to fij4 ,,uses4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ valuable tonics & /oma*ics :i* we possess4 ,x seems to be sup]ior to _m o!rs1 f n possess+ a/r+5t1 & /imulant p[]s1 on :i* acc\nt x is s+ul>ly eligible 9 c]ta9 pulmon>y & mes5t]ic affections2 x may be giv5 9 comb9ation ) *alybeates1 aromatics1 sal9e purgatives1 or ) rhub>b1 z circum/ances may require4 7,=m4 #cd1 #aee47 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,infus3 ,calumb4 ,l4 ,t9ct3 ,calumb4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,x becomes worm-eat5 by age1 &1 9 t condition1 %\ld be reject$4 ,^? pieces :i* h ! brighte/ col\r1 & ! greate/ specific gravity1 are ! be/4 ,! root ( :ite briony1 t+$ yell[ ) ! t9cture ( ,calumba1 has be5 fraudul5tly sub/itut$ = ?is root4 ,,cambogia4 ,l4 ,gamboge4 7,/alagmitis ,cambogioides4 7 ,gambogia4 ,e4,d4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 lumps ( a solid consi/5ce1 break+ ) a vitre\s fracture2 ,od\r1 none2 ,col\r1 deep yell[1 bord]+ on r$1 & becom+1 :5 moi/5$1 a brilliant light yell[4 ,sp4 ,grav3 #abba4 ,ta/e1 slightly acrid1 b :i* is n exp]i5c$ unless x be all[$ to rema9 long 9 ! m\?4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,"o "p ( gum1 7,c]as917 & f\r p>ts ( a brittle res92 b ?is k ?r[s no light on ! nature ( its ca?>tic prop]ty4 ,,solubility4 ,:5 triturat$ ) wat] two-?irds ( its sub/ance are spe$ily dissolv$1 & a turbid solution results2 alcohol dissolves n9e-t5?s1 & =ms a yell[ transp>5t t9cture1 :i* is r5d]$ turbid by ! addition ( wat]2 sulphuric e!r dissolves six-t5?s ( ! sub/ance2 x is also soluble 9 alkal9e solutions1 & ! result+ comp\nd is n r5d]$ turbid by wat]1 b is in/antly decompos$ by acids1 & ! precipitate s produc$ is ( an extremely brilliant yell[ col\r1 & soluble 9 an excess ( acid4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,no bodies appe> to produce 9 gamboge su* a *emical *ange z to de/roy ! *emical prop]ties :i* di/+ui% x1 b by a me*anical admixture1 its solubility & consequ5tly its op]ation1 may be mat]ially modifi$4 ,dr4 ,cull5 f\nd t ! inconv5i5ce aris+ f its too rapid solubility1 & sudd5 impression ^u ! /oma*1 might be obviat$ by dim9i%+ ! dose1 & repeat+ x at %ort int]vals z direct$ 9 ,=m3 #hi4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,no =m is m judici\s ?an t ( pill4 ,its alkal9e solution has be5 sometimes exhibit$ 9 dropsy1 :5 x is said to op]ate bo? on ! b[els & kidneys4 ,,dose1 gr4 #b to gr4 #f4 ,,uses4 ,x is a p[]ful dra/ic ca?>tic1 & hydragogue1 v liable to excite vomit+1 & f ?is peculi> action ^u ! /oma* x has be5 frequ5tly employ$ ) success 9 ! expulsion ( t5i 7,=m3 #afa47 & x accord+ly ent]s z an +r$i5t into _m ( ! empirical compositions :i* are sold = ! cure ( tape worms4#dcf ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,pil3 ,cambogi comp3 ,l4 ,!re is consid]able diff]5ce 9 ! degree ( purity 9 :i* ?is sub/ance occurs 9 ! m>ket2 x %\ld be e/imat$ by its cle>ness & brilliancy4 ,,camphora4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,laurus ,camphora4#dcg7 ,camphor4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 a :ite brittle sub/ance1 unctu\s to ! t\*1 b possess+ at ! same "t a degree ( ductility :i* prev5ts its be+ easily pulv]is$1 unless a few drops ( _s be previ\sly add$4 ,x is capable ( affect+ a cry/all9e =m4#dch ,od\r1 peculi>1 fragrant1 & p5etrat+4 ,ta/e1 bitt]1 pung5t1 & aromatic4 ,specific gravity1 #ihhg1 x !re=e swims on wat]2 x is s volatile t dur+ w>m wea!r a consid]able proportion w evaporate1 especially if at ! same "t ! atmosph]e be r moi/1 = ! reason /at$ 9 page #age4 ,x is readily ignit$1 & burns ) a brilliant flame & mu* smoke2 x melts at #bhh1 & boils at #djj4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x is a proximate vegetable pr9ciple1 resembl+ ! ess5tial oils 9 _m ( its habitudes1 & probably diff]s f !m 9 composition only 9 conta9+ a l>g] proportion ( c>bon4 ,,solubility4 ,wat] may be said to dissolve ab\t a n9e hundr$? "p ( its weight1 or fj r m ?an gr4 1 b its solv5t p[] is consid]ably increas$ by ! addition ( c>bonic acid gas2 camphor is also r5d]$ m soluble by trituration ) magnesia2 x is soluble 9 an equal weight ( alcohol1 b x is aga9 sep>at$ by ! addition ( wat]2 x is also dissolv$ by oils1 bo? fix$ & volatile1#dci especially if _! temp]ature be a little rais$1 & by sulphuric & o!r !rs1 b /rong acetic acid may be said to be its mo/ p[]ful solv5t4 ,by repeat$ly di/ill+ x ) nitric acid x is conv]t$ into ,camphoric acid1 an acid di/+ui%$ by peculi> prop]ties1 & compos+1 ) alkalies & e>?s1 a class ( salts call$ ,camphorates1 b :i* d n possess any m$ic9al value4 ,! alkalies d n produce any effect ^u camphor4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,x is n affect$ by any sub/ance ) :i* we c comb9e x4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,x is pref]able 9 ! =m ( mixture1 s9ce x is v liable 9 ! solid /ate to excite nausea1 &1 f swimm+ on ! cont5ts ( ! /oma*1 to occasion pa9 at its upp] orifice4 ,if a l>g] dose be requir$ ?an t :i* wat] c dissolve1 an additional proportion may be susp5d$ by means ( sug>1 almonds1 yelk ( egg1 or mucilage1 = :i* purpose ?ree times its weight ( gum arabic is requir$4 ,if ,camphor be fir/ dissolv$ by trituration 9 a v small portion ( oil1 x readily mixes ) mucilage ( gum arabic1 & may !n be conv5i5tly bl5d$ ) liquids4 ,x has also ! prop]ty ( unit+ ) gum-res9s1 & ( conv]t+ !m into p]man5tly s(t1 & uni=m masses2 h5ce !y may sometimes be conv5i5tly appli$ = diffus+ x 9 wat]4 ,x may be =m$ into pill-masses by /iff mucilage1 ftid gums1 or by a confection4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,9 mod]ate doses x exhil>ates1 )\t rais+ ! pulse1 & gives a t5d5cy to diaphoresis2 & "u c]ta9 conditions ( ! body1 :5 opium fails1 x w frequ5tly promote sleep4 ,z its effects are transi5t1 its dose %\ld be repeat$ at %ort int]vals4 ,illu/rative ,=mul #a1 #f1 #ba1 #abe1 #acd1 #afd4 ,camphor is said to correct ! bad effects ( opium1 mez]eon1 can?>ides1 & ! dra/ic purgatives1 & diuretics4 ,,dose1 gr4 ij to j4 ,9 excessive doses x occasions anxiety1 vomit+1 syncope1 & delirium2 ^! viol5t effects are be/ c\nt]act$ by opium4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,mi/ura ,camphor4 ,l4,d4 ,emulsio ,camphorata4 ,e4 ,spiritus ,camphor1 ,l4,e4,d4 ,t9ctura ,camphor comp3 ,l4,e4,d4 ,acidum ,acetosum ,camphoratum4 ,e4,d4 ,l9im5tum ,camphor4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,l9im5t3 ,camphor comp3 ,l4 ,l9im5t3 ,saponis4 7,g7 ,l4,e4,d4 ,,adult]ations4 ,x has be5 /at$ t pure camphor may be kn[n by plac+ x ^u hot bread1 :5 x w turn moi/1 :]eas an adult]at$ specim5 becomes dry--b ) :at c x be adult]at$8 ,,canell ,,cortex4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,canella ,b>k1 7,canella ,alba ,cortex47 ,wild ,c9namon4 ,,qualities4 ,=m2 x occurs 9 quill$ & flat pieces2 ! =m] are ( a :iti%-yell[ col\r1 consid]ably ?ick] ?an c9namon2 ! latt]1 :i* are probably ! b>k ( ! l>g] bran*es1 or ( ! /em ( ! tree1 are yell[ on ! outside1 & pale br[n )94 ,od\r1 resembl+ t ( cloves4 ,ta/e1 w>m1 pung5t1 & slightly bitt]4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,its virtues dep5d ^u an ess5tial oil1 & a bitt] res94 ,,solubility4 ,wat] extracts only ! bitt]ness1 b pro( spirits bo? ! bitt]ness & aroma4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,z a w>m /imulant to ! /oma*1 & z a corrig5t to o!r m$ic9es4 ,9 ,am]ica x is consid]$ z a p[]ful antiscorbutic4 ,,dose ( ! p[d]$ b>k gr4 x to ss4 ,(fic9al ,prep>ations4 ,t9ct4 ,g5tian4 comp4 7,b4 ,g47 ,e4 ,v9um ,aloes1 7,g7 ,l4,d4 ,pulv4 ,aloes cum canella1 7,g7 ,d4 ,,can?>ides4#ddj 7,can?>is ,vesicatoria47 ,bli/]+1 or ,spani% ,flies4 ,?is beautiful insect ( ! beetle tribe is exce$+ly abundant 9 ! s\!rn p>ts ( ,europe1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ,spa94 ,!y are collect$ f ! leaves ( ! diff]5t trees on :i* !y delight to dwell1 9 ,june & ,july1 & are aft]w>ds de/roy$1 z recomm5d$ by ,dioscorides1 by ! fumes ( /rong v9eg>1 & dri$ 9 ! sun4 ,! *emical hi/ory ( ,can?>ides is /ill involv$ 9 "s obscurity2 ! bli/]+ pr9ciple has be5 obta9$ by ,robiquet 9 a sep>ate /ate1 :5 x assumes ! =m ( small cry/all9e plates1 hav+ a micace\s lu/re1 n unlike sp]maceti2 ,dr4 ,?omson has giv5 to x ! "n ( ,can?>id92#dda :5 pure1 x is insoluble 9 wat] & 9 cold alcohol2 boil+ alcohol1 h[ev]1 dissolves x1 b precipitates x aga9 on be+ cool$4 !r & ! oils dissolve x readily4 ,al?\gh n soluble 9 wat] x is r5d]$ s by ! pres5ce ( a yell[ matt] :i* exi/s 9 native comb9ation ) x4 ,a v m9ute portion ( ?is sub/ance dissolv$ 9 sweet oil1 & appli$ to ! sk9 ) a piece ( pap]1 produces vesication 9 five or six h\rs4 ,9 addition to ?is active pr9ciple1 ,can?>ides conta9 a gre5 concrete oil2 a yell[ fluid oil2 a peculi> black sub/ance soluble 9 wat] & pro( _s1 b n 9 pure alcohol2 a saponace\s or yell[ sub/ance1 soluble bo? 9 wat] & alcohol2 ,uric acid2 ,acetic acid2 ,phosphate ( ,magnesia1 & a p>5*ymat\s sub/ance4#ddb ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,can?>ides1 :5 adm9i/]$ int]nally1 are p[]fully /imulant & diuretic2#ddc & :e!r appli$ z a vesicatory to ! sk91 or tak5 into ! /oma*1 !y h a peculi> t5d5cy to act ^u ! ur9>y organs1 & especially to irritate & inflame ! neck ( ! bladd]1 & occasion /rangury4 ,on ?is acc\nt !y h be5 v successfully employ$ bo? = ! cure ( incont95ce ( ur9e1 & suppression ( ?is dis*>ge1 f torpor or p>alysis ( ! bladd]2 !y h also be5 us$ 9 gleet & leucorrha1 & 9 cases ( sem9al weakness & impot5ce4 ,9 consult+ ! works ( ,dioscorides1 ,gal51 & ,pl9y1 we %all f9d !y ent]ta9$ a notion1 t ! virus exi/$ only 9 ! body ( ! fly1 & t ! head1 feet & w+s1 conta9$ its antidote6 ,hippocrates prescrib$ !m int]nally 9 ,dropsy1 ,jaundice1 & ,am5orrha2 & yet 9 ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ,dr4 ,gro5velt 0 *>g$ & su$#ddd = giv+ !m inw>dly1 9 sub/ance1 = ! cure ( ! /one4 ,,dose1 9 sub/ance1 n exce$+ gr4 i1 comb9$ ) opium or hyoscyamus4 ,see ,t9ctura3 ,can?>id4 ,a /rong decoction ( ! ,can?>ides 9 ,oil ( ,turp5t9e furni%es a mo/ p[]ful ,epispa/ic1 & may be easily appli$ by means ( dossils ( l9t4 ,z ! g5]al belief1 :i* exi/s ) respect to ! aphrodisiac p[]s ( ?is sub/ance1 may induce p]sons to try its efficacy 9 l>ge doses1 ei!r = goad+ ! ex]tions ( exhau/$ nature1 or = inc5s+ ! passions ( females ^: s$uction is m$itat$1 x behoves ! m$ical practition] to become acqua9t$ ) ! symptoms :i* x may produce1 & ( :i* ! foll[+ may be consid]$ z ! mo/ prom95t2--viol5t ret*+2 copi\s alv9e evacuations1 frequ5tly bloody2 v sev]e colics2 active inflammation ( ! /oma* & inte/9es2 sometimes univ]sal convulsions1 att5d$ ) a horror ( liquids1 resembl+ t :i* occurs 9 hydrophobia2 furi\s delirium1 c4 ,b ! affections ( ! ur9>y passages1 & organs ( g5]ation1 may be reg>d$ 1 z ! peculi> symptoms ( poison+ by ,can?>ides2 su* z heat 9 ! bladd]1 bloody micturition1 horrible /rangury1 pa9ful & ob/9ate priapism1 satyriasis1 c4 ,! me?od ( treatm5t to be pursu$ on su* occasions w consi/ 9 copi\s ble$+1 w>m ba?1 local fom5tations1 mild & mucilag9\s dr9ks2 & opium1 especially 9 ! =m ( cly/] or suppository4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,t9ct3 ,can?>id3 ,l4 ,empla/3 ,can?>id3 ,l4 ,c]atum ,can?>id3 ,l4 ,ungu5t3 ,infusi ,can?>id3 ,vesicat3 ,e4 ,ungu5t3 ,can?>id3 ,d4 ,! flies d n lose _! virtues by be+ kept2 x is1 h[ev]1 curi\s t ev5 ^? acrid insects are soon r$uc$ to du/ by o!rs fe$+ ^u !m2 b s9ce ! in]t p>5*ymat\s portion is alone select$ by !m1 ! residue is extremely active4#dde ,,capsici ,,bacc4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,b]ries ( ! ,capsicum4 7,capsicum ,annum47 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 pods1 long1 po9t$1 & p5dul\s2 ,col\r1 :5 ripe1 a bright orange r$4 ,od\r1 aromatic & pung5t4 ,ta/e1 extremely acrimoni\s & fi]y4 ,,solubility4 ,its qualities are p>tially extract$ by wat]1 b m completely by !r & _s4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,c9*onia1 res91 mucilage1 & an acrid pr9ciple said to be alkal9e4#ddf ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,! infusions ( capsicum are di/urb$ by ,infusion ( ,galls2 ,nitrate ( ,silv]2 ,oxy-muriate ( ,m]cury2 ,acetate ( ,lead2 ! ,sulphates ( ,iron1 ,copp] & ,z9c2 ,ammonia1 ,c>bonate ( ,potass1 & ,alum1 b n by sulphuric1 nitric1 or muriatic acid4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,x is a mo/ p[]ful /imulant to ! /oma*1 & is unaccompani$ ) any n>cotic effect2 z a g>gle 9 cynan*e maligna1 & 9 relax$ /ates ( ! ?roat1 x furni%es a valuable rem$y2 comb9$ ) purgatives1 x proves s]viceable 9 dyspepsia1 7,=m3 #gh17 x has lately be5 giv5 ) success 9 ! advanc$ /ages ( acute rheumatism2 9 v>i\s diseases att5d$ ) cold feet1 x has be5 recomm5d$ to we> socks du/$ ) ,cay5ne ,pepp]4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,x may be giv51 made into pills ) crumb ( bread1 or 9 ! =m ( t9cture1 dilut$ ) wat]2 = ! purpose ( a g>gle1 a simple infusion 9 ! proportion ( gr4 j to fj ( boil+ wat]1 or fvi ( ! t9cture to fviij ( ! ,infusum ,ros1 may be direct$4 ,,dose1 ( ! sub/ance1 gr4 vj to x1 ( ! t9cture fj to fij 9 an aque\s vehicle4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,t9ct3 ,capsici3 ,l4,d4#ddg ,cay5ne ,pepp] is an indiscrim9ate mixture ( ! p[d] ( ! dri$ pods ( sev]al species ( capsicum1 b especially ( ! ,capsicum baccatum1 7,bird pepp]47 ,,adult]ations4 ,cay5ne pepp] is g5]ally mix$ ) muriate ( soda1 :i* disposes x to deliquesce4 ,r$ ,lead may be detect$ by dige/+ x 9 acetic acid1 & add+ to ! solution sulphuret ( ammonia1 :i* w produce1 if any lead be pres5t1 a d>k col\r$ precipitate2 or ! fraud may be discov]$ by boil+ "s ( ! suspect$ pepp] 9 v9eg>1 & aft] filt]+ ! solution add+ to x sulphate ( soda1 :5 a :ite precipitate w be =m$1 :i*1 aft] be+ dri$ & expos$ to heat1 & mix$ ) a little *>coal1 w yield a metallic globule ( lead4 ,,c>bo ,,ligni4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,*>coal4 ,,qualities4 ,x is a black1 inodor\s1 insipid1 brittle sub/ance2 :5 newly prep>$ x possesses ! prop]ty ( absorb+ v consid]able quantities ( ! diff]5t gases2 x is also capable ( de/roy+ ! smell & ta/e ( a v>iety ( vegetable & animal sub/ances1 especially ( mucilages1 oils1 & ( matt] 9 :i* extractive ab\nds2 & "s m$ic9es are said to be ev5 depriv$ ( _! *>act]i/ic od\r by rema9+ 9 contact ) x1 z ,val]ian1 ,galbanum1 ,balsam ( ,p]u1 & ,musk4 ,! use ( *>r+ ! int]ior ( wat] casks1 & ( wrapp+ *>coal 9 clo?s t h acquir$ a bad smell1 dep5ds ^u ?is prop]ty2 = ! same reason x furni%es a v excell5t too? p[d]1#ddh = :i* purpose1 t :i* is obta9$ f ! %ell ( ! cocoa nut is to be pref]r$4 ,none ( ! fluid m5/rua ) :i* we are acqua9t$ h any action :atev] z solv5ts ^u c>bon4#ddi ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,x is antiseptic1 & has be5 adm9i/]$ int]nally1 to correct ! putrid eructations :i* sometimes att5d dyspepsia1 b 9 ord] to produce ?is effect x %\ld be newly prep>$1 or su* z has be5 pres]v$ f ! access ( air1 = x op]ates by absorb+ ! putrid gas1 z well z by *eck+ ! decomposition ( ! undige/$ elem5t4#dej ,,dose1 grs4 x to j4 ,x has be5 lately ass]t$ to possess p[]s z an antidote to ars5ic2 if ?is be true1 its action c only be me*anical by absorb+ l a sponge ! ars5ical solution1 & !reby def5d+ ! coats ( ! /oma* f its virul5ce4#dea ,*>coal1 :5 mix$ ) boil$ bread1 =ms a v valuable p\ltice = f\l & gangr5\s sores4 ,9 a /ate ( impalpable p[d]1 x is said to be effectual z a /yptic2 ,dr4 ,odi] in=ms u t ! celebrat$ p[d] ( ,fayn>d1 = /opp+ hemorrhage1 0 no?+ m ?an ! *>coal ( bee*-wood f9ely p[d]$4 ,*>coal is prep>$ = ! purposes ( m$ic9e & ! arts1 f a v>iety ( sub/ances1 viz4 ,,burnt ,,sponge4 ,spongia ,u/a4 ,l4 ,consi/s ( *>coal ) portions ( phosphate & c>bonate ( lime1 & sub-c>bonate ( soda2 x has be5 highly comm5d$ 9 bron*ocele & scrophul\s compla9ts1 9 ! =m ( an electu>y1 or 9 t ( a loz5ge1 & x has be5 lately ass]t$ t x owes its p[] to ! pres5ce ( ,iod9e4 ,,vegetable ,,?iops4 ,pulvis ,qu]cus m>94 ,f ! fucus vesiculosus1 or bladd]-wrack1 us$ z ! prec$+4 ,,ivory ,,black4 ,ebur ,u/um4 ,f ivory %av+s burn$2 us$ z a d5tifrice & a pigm5t1 "u ! "n ( 8blue-black10 = its hue is blui%2 b bone-black is usually sold = x4 ,,lamp ,,black4 ,fuligo ,lampadum4 ,by burn+ res9\s bodies1 z ! refuse ( pit*1 9 furnaces ( a peculi> con/ruction4 ,,wood ,,soot4 ,fuligo ligni1 collect$ f *imnies "u :i* wood is burnt4 ,x conta9s sulphate ( ammonia1 :i* imp>ts to x its *>act]i/ic bitt]ness4 ,x has be5 consid]$ antispasmodic1 & a t9cture 0 =m]ly prep>$ ( x4 ,,c>damomi ,,sem9a4 ,l4,d4 7 ,matonia#deb ,c>damomum47 ,amomum ,rep5s4 ,e4 ,c>damom ,se$s4 ,,qualities4 ,od\r1 aromatic & agreeable2 ,ta/e1 w>m & pung5t1 b unlike ! pepp]s1 !y d n immod]ately heat ! /oma*4 ,,solubility4 ,wat]1 alcohol & !r extract _! virtues2 ! two latt] mo/ completely1 & ! result is transp>5t1 :]eas ! wat]y infusion is turbid & mucilag9\s4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,fecula1 mucilage1 & ess5tial oil4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,!y are c>m9ative & /oma*ic1 & prove grateful adjuncts to bitt] infusions2 !y are pr9cipally employ$ to give w>m? to o!r rem$ies4 ,,dose ( ! p[d]1 gr4 vj to j4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,extract3 ,colocyn?3 comp3 7,e7 ,l4,d4 ,t9ct4 ,c>damomi1 ,l4,e4,d4 ,t9ct4 ,c>damom3 comp3 ,l4,d4 ,t9ct3 ,c9namomi1 co4 7,b7 ,l4,e4 ,t9ct4 ,g5tian1 co4 7,g7 ,l4 ,t9ct4 ,rhei1 7,e7 ,l4,e4,d4 ,t9ct4 ,rhei cum ,aloe1 7,g7 ,e4 ,t9ct4 ,s5n1 7,e7 ,l4,d4 ,spir4 ,e!r4 ,aromat4 7,b7 ,l4 ,v9um ,aloes ,socot4 7,g7 ,e4 ,confect4 ,aromat4 7,b7 ,l4 ,pulv4 ,c9namom4 co4 7,b7 ,l4,e4,d4 ,pil4 ,scillitic1 7,e7 ,e4 ,infus4 ,s5n4 ,d4 7,e47 ,c>damom se$s %\ld be kept )9 _! husks1 or _! virtues w soon be consid]ably impair$2 !y are frequ5tly mix$ ) gra9s ( p>adise1 :i* are mu* hott] & m spicy1 b less aromatic 9 _! flav\r4 ,,c>ic ,,fructus1 ,l4,d4 ,fici ,c>ic ,fructus1 ,e4 ,! pres]v$ ,fruit ( ! ,fig4 ,,qualities ( ! dri$ fig are too well kn[n to require description4 ,! fig consi/s almo/ entirely ( mucilage & sug>4 ,,uses4 ,x has be5 already /at$ t ! mo/ anci5t cataplasm on record 0 made ( figs1 7#b ,k+s1 *ap4 xx4 #g47 !y are employ$ m$ic9ally 9 _m demulc5t decoctions1 z ,decoctum ,hordei comp3 ,l4,d4 ,!y are g5tly ap]i5t2 x is curi\s to le>n t !y con/itut$ ! *ief "p ( ! food ( ! anci5t ,a?let4 ,,c>yophylli4 ,l4 7,eug5ia ,c>yophyllata4 ,! unop5$ fl[]s dri$47 ,c>yophilli ,aromatici ,g]m51 ,e4 ,c>yophilli aromat4 ,calyx1 ,d4 ,cloves4 ,cloves are ! unexp&$ fl[]s1 or fl[]-buds1 ( ! clove tree1 :i* are fir/ obta9$ :5 ! tree is six ye>s old2 !y are ga!r$ 9 ,octob] & ,novemb] be=e !y op51 & :5 !y are /ill gre52 & are dri$ 9 ! sun1 aft] hav+ be5 expos$ to smoke at a heat ( #abj1 till !y assume a br[n hue4 ,x is a curi\s fact t ! fl[]s :5 fully develop$ are q inodor\s1 & t ! real fruit is n 9 ! lea/ aromatic4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 t ( a nail1 consi/+ ( a globul> head1 =m$ ( ! f\r petals ( ! corolla1 & f\r leaves ( ! calyx n yet exp&$2 & a g]m5 situat$ bel[ ne>ly cyl9drical1 & sc>cely an in* 9 l5g?4 ,od\r1 /rong1 fragrant1 & aromatic4 ,ta/e1 acrid1 aromatic & p]man5t4 ,b5zoic acid has lately be5 discov]$ 9 !m4 ,,solubility4 ,wat] extracts _! od\r1 b little ( _! ta/e2 alcohol & e!r take up bo? completely4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,!y are m /imulant ?an any ( ! o!r aromatics2 !y are sometimes giv5 alone1 b m g5]ally z a corrig5t to o!r m$ic9es4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,infusum ,c>yophyllorum4 ,l4 ,spir4 ,lav&4 co4 ,d4 7,b7 ,,frauds4 ,! ,dut* frequ5tly mix ! be/ cloves ) ^? f :i* ! oil has be5 drawn4 ,,c>yophyllorum ,,oleum4 ,?is ess5tial oil1 9 consequ5ce ( ! res9\s matt] :i* x holds 9 solution1 has a specific gravity ( #ajbj1 & consequ5tly s9ks 9 wat]4 ,:5 ! oil has a hot fi]y ta/e1 & a great dep? ( col\r1 x is adult]at$4 ,x is import$ f ! spice isl&s4 ,on acc\nt ( its /imulant prop]ties1 x is add$ to grip+ extracts1 or us$ z a local application 9 ! too?-a*e4 ,vauquel9 obta9$ f ! leaves ( ! ,aga?ophyllum rav5s>a an ess5tial oil1 9 e respect simil> to t ( cloves2 & ,i am in=m$ by ,dr4 ,davy t an oil exactly resembl+ 9 smell ! oil ( ,cloves is procur$ 9 ,ceylon f ! leaf ( ! ,c9namon tree2 b v little1 if any1 has ev] be5 export$4 ,,casc>ill ,,cortex4 ,l4,d4 ,croton ,eleu!ria4 ,e4 7,croton ,casc>illa47 ,casc>illa ,b>k4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 curl$ pieces1 or roll$ up into %ort quills2 its fracture is smoo? & close1 ( a d>k br[n col\r2 ,od\r1 light & agreeable2 :5 burn+1 x emits a smell resembl+ t ( musk1 :i* at once di/+ui%es x f all o!r b>ks4 ,ta/e1 mod]ately bitt]1 ) "s aromatic w>m?4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,mucilage1 bitt] extractive1 res91 volatile oil1 & a l>ge proportion ( woody fibre2 nei!r ,c9*onia nor ,qu9a has hi!rto be5 discov]$ 9 x4 ,,solubility4 ,its active con/itu5ts are p>tially extract$ by alcohol & wat]1 & completely by pro( _s4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,c>m9ative & tonic2 x is an excell5t adjunct to c9*ona1 r5d]+ x by its aromatic qualities m agreeable to ! /oma*1 & increas+ its p[]s4 ,x is valuable 9 dyspepsia & flatul5t *olic1 9 dys5t]y & di>rha1 & 9 ! gangr5\s ?ru% peculi> to *ildr54 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,x is mo/ efficaci\s 9 sub/ance2 x may h[ev] be giv5 9 ! =m ( infusion1 or t9cture4 ,decoction dissipates its aromatic pr9ciple2 ! extract !re=e m]ely acts z a simple bitt]4 ,see ,infus4 ,casc>ill4 ,,dose ( ! p[d]1 grs4 xij to ss4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,infus4 ,casc>ill4 ,l4 ,t9ct4 ,casc>ill4 ,l4,d4 ,extract4 ,casc>ill4 ,d4 ,,cassi ,,pulpa4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,cassia ,pulp4 7,cassia ,fi/ula1 ,lom5torum ,pulpa47 ,! fruit is a cyl9drical pod sc>cely an in* 9 diamet]1 b a foot or m 9 l5g?2 ! ext]ior is a h>d br[n b>k2 ! int]ior is divid$ into num]\s transv]se cells1 ea* ( :i* conta9s an oval se$ imb$d$ 9 a s(t black pulp4 ,,qualities4 ,od\r1 fa9t & r sickly4 ,ta/e1 sweet & mucilag9\s4 ,,solubility4 ,ne>ly ! :ole ( ! pulp is dissolv$ by wat]1 p>tially by alcohol & sulphuric e!r4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,sug>1 gelat9e1 glut9e1 gum1 & a small portion ( res91 extractive1 & "s col\r+ matt]4 ,,uses4 ,x is g5tly laxative1 & is adapt$ = *ildr5 & v delicate wom51 b x %\ld be always giv5 9 comb9ation ) manna or "s o!r laxative1 or x is apt to induce nausea1 flatul5ce & grip+4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,confectio ,cassi4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,confectio ,s5n 7,b4,o47 ,l4,e4,d4#dec ,!re are two k9ds ( ?is drug 9 ! m>ket2 t f ! ,we/ ,indies1 ! pods ( :i* are g5]ally l>ge1 r\gh1 ?ick r9d$1 & conta9 a nause\s pulp2 & t f ! ,ea/ ,indies1 :i* is to be pref]r$1 & :i* is di/+ui%$ by small] & smoo!r pods1 & by _! conta9+ a mu* black] pulp4 ,! pulp ought n to h a h>% flav\r1 :i* arises f ! fruit hav+ be5 ga!r$ be=e x 0 ripe1 nor ought x to be s\r1 :i* x is v apt to become by keep+4 ,! heavie/ pods1 & ^? 9 :i* ! se$s d n rattle1 are to be pref]r$4 ,,ca/oreum4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,ca/or4 7,ca/or ,fib]4 7,rossicus47 ,concretum sui g5]is47 ,?is sub/ance is secret$ by ! beav]1 9 bags ne> ! rectum4#ded ,,qualities4 ,od\r1 /rong & aromatic4 ,ta/e1 bitt]1 sub-acrid1 & nause\s4 ,col\r1 r$di% br[n4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,volatile oil1 res91 mucilage1 extractive1 iron1 & small portions ( ! c>bonate ( potass1 lime & ammonia4 ,x conta9s also1 accord+ to ! analysis ( ,laugi]1 a small quantity ( ,b5zoic acid4 ,! ,canadian v>iety is also /at$ by ,laugi] to conta9 b5zoic acid bo? free & comb9$4 ,,solubility4 ,its active matt] is dissolv$ by alcohol1 pro( _s1 & p>tially by wat]2 ! t9cture made ) alcohol is ! lea/ nause\s1 & ! mo/ efficaci\s2 ! _s ( ammonia is also an excell5t m5/ruum1 & 9 _m cases improves its virtues4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,x may be giv5 9 sub/ance1 z a bolus1 or 9 ! =m ( t9cture1 b its exhibition 9 ! =m ( extract or decoction is *emically incorrect4 ,,dose1 grs4 x to j1 &1 9 cly/]s1 to j4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,x is antispasmodic1 & seems to act m p>ticul>ly on ! ut]9e sy/em4 ,x c]ta9ly proves b5eficial z an adjunct to antihy/]ic comb9ations2 x 0 highly e/eem$ by ,van ,swiet51 ,de ,ha51 & _m o!r ,g]man practition]s4 ,baglivi /ates t x c\nt]acts ! n>cotic p[]s ( opium1 b ?is is n ! case4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,t9ct4 ,ca/orei4#dee ,l4,e4,d4 ,,adult]3 ,x is sometimes c\nt]feit$ by a mixture ( dri$ blood1 gum ammoniacum1 & a little real ca/or1 /uff$ into ! scrotum ( a goat2 ! fraud is detect$ by comp>+ ! smell & ta/e ) ^? ( real ca/or2 & by ! defici5cy ( ! subace\s follicles1 :i* are always atta*$ to g5u9e specim5s4 ,!re are two k9ds 9 ! m>ket1 ! ,russian & ,canadian1 ! =m] h[ev]1 :i* is ! be/1 has become extremely sc>ce2 x may be di/+ui%$ f ! latt]1 by be+ l>g]1 r\nd]1 heavi]1 & less corrugat$ on ! outside4 ,,cate*u ,,extractum1 ,l4,e4,d4 7,acacia ,cate*u1 ,extractum47 ,cate*u2 olim ,t]ra ,japonica4#def ,japan ,e>?4 ,,qualities4 ,!re are two v>ieties ( cate*u 9 ! m>ket1 ! "o ( a light yell[i%1 ! o!r ( a *ocolate col\r2 !y diff] only 9 ! latt] hav+ a m au/]e & bitt] ta/e4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,tann91 a peculi> extractive matt]1 mucilage1 & e>?y impurities4 ,,solubility4 ,x is almo/ totally dissolv$ bo? by wat] & _s4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,its a/r+5cy is de/roy$ by alkal9e salts2 & precipitates are produc$ by metallic salts1 especially by ^? ( iron2 & ) gelat9e x =ms an insoluble comp\nd4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,x is a mo/ valuable a/r+5t4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,9 infusion1 t9cture1 or p[d]4 7,=m4 #ea1 #eb1 #eh1 #aea47 ,9 ! =m ( a loz5ge1 f its gradual solution1 x may be v advantage\sly appli$ 9 relax$ /ates ( ! uvula & fauces2 ,i h f\nd ?is rem$y successful 9 cases :]e ! sulphate ( z9c 0 ineffici5t4 ,f its great a/r+5cy x also =ms an excell5t d5tifrice1 especially :5 ! gums are spongy2 = ?is purpose ,i h employ$ equal p>ts ( p[d]$ cate*u1 & ,p]uvian b>k1 ) "o-f\r? ! quantity ( ! p[d] ( myrrh4 ,,dose1 grs4 x to i4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,infus4 ,cate*u1 ,t9ct4 ,cate*u1 ,l4,e4,d4 ,electu>ium ,mimos ,cate*u1 ,e4,d4 ,,c5taurii ,,cacum9a4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,*ironia ,c5taurium#deg ,cacum9a47 ,! fl[]+ tops ( ! common ,c5taury4 ,,qualities4 ,od\r1 none2 ,ta/e1 int5sely bitt]4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,mucilage1 res91 & bitt] matt]4 ,,solubility4 ,alcohol & wat] dissolve all its active matt]4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,all its value dep5ds ^u its bitt]ness4 ,x ent]$ into ! composition ( ! once celebrat$ ,portl& ,p[d] = ! g\t1 = an acc\nt ( :i* see page #cb4 ,,dose1 ( an infusion1 made 9 ! proportion ( j to oj ( boil+ wat]1 fij2 ( ! dry p[d] i4 ,,c]a4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,wax4 ,x is admitt$ into ! li/ ( ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica "u two =ms1 viz4 #a4 ,,c]a ,,flava4 ,yell[ or ,unblea*$ ,wax4 ,,qualities4 ,od\r1 fa9tly honey-l2 x is brittle yet s(t2 :5 *ew$1 x does n1 if pure1 adh]e to ! tee?2 x melts at #adb1 & burns entirely away4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x is ! honey-comb ( ! bee melt$ ) boil+ wat]1 press$ ?r\gh clo? bags1 & ultimately ca/ into r\nd cakes = ! m>ket4 ,:e!r x be an animal product1 or a vegetable sub/ance m]ely collect$ by ! bee1 has be5 a "q ( dispute2 ! =m] op9ion is probably correct1 al?\gh wax is c]ta9ly produc$ z a secretion by _m plants4 ,! yell[ wax conta9s a portion ( poll5 :i* imp>ts its col\r to x1 & increases its fusibility4 ,,solubility4 ,x is insoluble 9 wat]1 & 9 cold alcohol or e!r1 b x is soluble 9 boil+ alcohol & e!r1 9 fix$ oils1 & 9 alkalies4 ,,uses4 ,x is *iefly employ$ 9 ! composition ( ext]nal applications4 ,,adult]ations4 ,e>? or peas-meal may be suspect$ :5 ! cake is v brittle1 & ! col\r incl9es to grey2 ,res9 is detect$ by putt+ x 9 cold alcohol1 :i* w dissolve ! res9\s "p )\t act+ on ! wax4 ,tall[ is discov]$ by ! great] s(tness & unctuosity ( ! cake1 & by its suffocat+ smell :5 melt$2 :5 ?is latt] sub/ance is employ$1 turm]ic is add$ to disguise its pal5ess4 #b4 ,,c]a ,,alba4 ,:ite1 ,blea*$1 or ,virg9's ,wax4 ,,qualities4 ,?is sub/ance diff]s only f ! =m]1 9 be+ col\rless1 h>d]1 heavi]1 & less fusible4 ,,uses4 ,x is said to be demulc5t1 & v useful 9 dys5t]y1 b x is r>ely us$4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,x may be =m$ into a mixture by melt+ x ) "o-?ird ( its weight ( soap1 & !n gradually add+ to x any mucilag9\s liquid4 ,,adult]ations4 ,:ite ,lead may be detect$ by melt+ ! wax 9 wat]1 :5 ! oxide w fall to ! bottom ( ! vessel2 tall[ may be suspect$ :5 ! cake wants its usual transluc5cy4 ,,c]ata4 ,l4,e4 ,c]ates4 ,^! compositions are *>act]iz$ by a degree ( consi/5ce1 int]m$iate betwe5 t ( pla/]s1 & t ( o9tm5ts4 ,z ?is consi/5ce is obta9$ f ! wax :i* !y conta91 !y v prop]ly d]ive f t sub/ance ! g5]ic appellation ( ,c]ates4 ,,c]atum ,,calam94 ,l4 7,c]atum lapidis ,calam9>is4 ,p4,l4 #aghg4 ,c]atum epuloticum4 ,p4,l4 #agde74 ,c]atum ,c>bonatis ,z9ci ,impuri4 ,e4 ,ungu5tum ,calam9>e4 ,d4--,^! prep>ations h be5 long kn[n "u ! "n ( ,turn]'s ,c]ate2 !y =m ! basis ( _m extemporane\s c]ates1 9 "s ( :i* nitric oxide ( m]cury1 9 ! proportion ( j ( ! oxide to j ( c]ate1 & 9 o!rs1 ! liquor ( sub-acetate ( lead1 are introduc$4 ,by ! =m] comb9ation we obta9 a v useful application to indol5t & ill-condition$ ulc]s1 a valuable /imulant = induc+ an action conducive to ! reg5]ation ( p>ts4 ,by ! latt] comb9ation we d]ive a rem$y highly extoll$ by our mo/ exp]i5c$ surgeons1 9 ! cure ( burns & scalds4 ,,c]atum ,,can?>idis4 ,l4 ,! basis ( ?is prep>ation is sp]maceti c]ate six p>ts1 to :i* is add$1 ( p[d]$ flies "o "p3 z x is int5d$ to promote a purul5t dis*>ge f a bli/]$ surface1 x may be r$uc$ 9 /r5g? accord+ to circum/ances4 ,,c]atum ,,cetacei4 ,l4 7,c]atum ,sp]matis ceti4 ,p4,l4 #aghg4 ,c]atum ,album1 ,p4,l4 #agde74 ,c]atum ,simplex4 ,e4 ,x furni%es a s(t & cool+ dress+1 & con/itutes a conv5i5t basis = m active comb9ations1 z 9 ! foll[+ in/ance4 ,,c]atum ,,plumbi ,,acetatis4 ,l4 7,ungu5tum ,c]uss ,acetat1 ,p4,l4 #aghg47 ,?is is cool+ = burns1 excoriations1 & inflam$ surfaces4 ,,c]atum ,,plumbi ,,compositum4 ,l4 7,c]at3 ,li?>gyri acetati compositum4 ,p4,l4 #aghg47 ,?is is 8,g\l>d's ,c]ate0 & is applicable to ! same cases z ! =m] c]ate2 ! camphor :i* ent]s into its composition imp>ts a g5tly /imulat+ p[] to x2 x proves extremely s]viceable 9 *ronic op?almia ( ! t>sus1 & = ! increas$ secretion ( te>s1 :i* s frequ5tly affects ! eyes ( p]sons advanc$ 9 ye>s4 ,,c]atum ,,res94 ,l4 7,c]atum res9 flav1 ,p4,l4 #aghg4 ,c]atum citr9um4 #agde4 ,yell[ ,basilicon74 ,ungu5t3 ,res9osum1 ,e4 ,ungu5t3 ,res9 alb4 ,d4 ,x is /imulant1 dige/ive1 & cleans+1 & af=ds a v excell5t application = f\l & indol5t ulc]s4 ,,c]atum ,,sab94 ,l4 ,sav9e ,c]ate4 ,x is int5d$ to keep up a purul5t dis*>ge f a bli/]$ surface2 9 practice h[ev] x is (t5 f\nd to fail f ! difficulty ( obta9+ x good1 s9ce ! acrid pr9ciple ( ! plant is injur$ by long boil+1 & by be+ previ\sly dri$2 ! o9tm5t also loses its virtue by exposure to ! air4 ,,c]atum ,,saponis4 ,l4 ,?is prep>ation 0 mu* us$ & recomm5d$ by ! late ,mr4 ,pott2 9 prep>+ x ! greate/ possible caution is requir$2 ! fire %\ld nev] be too rapidly appli$1 ! /irr+ %\ld be uni=m & incessant1 & ! heat %\ld only be suffici5t to keep ! two compositions liquid at ! "t :5 !y are unit$4 ,! orig9al int5tion ( ! c]ate 0 to af=d1 :5 spread ^u l951 a me*anical support to fractur$ limbs1 & to keep ! po9ts ( ! bone 9 due apposition1 :ile 9 consequ5ce ( ! acetate ( lead :i* is =m$ 9 ! fir/ /age ( ! process = its prep>ation1 x possesses ! virtues ( a saturn9e dress+4 ,z a me*anical ag5t x may prove at once effectual & dang]\s1 = if x be appli$ be=e all inflammation & swell+ h entirely disappe>$1 ! inflam$ vessels may be completely /rangulat$ by its unrel5t+ pressure1 & high erysipelat\s inflammation1 & a rapid /ate ( gangr5e may be ! result4 ,,c]atum ,,simplex4 ,a useful application to excoriations & sores4 ,besides ! above c]ates1 !re are _m magi/ral#deh prep>ations1 ( great practical value1 & ,i mu/ ref] ! surgical /ud5t = an acc\nt ( !m to t v useful little manual1 entitl$ 8,ph>macopia ,*irurgica40 ,,cetaceum4 ,l4 7,physet] ,macrocephalus1 ,concretum sui g5]is47 ,sp]maceti4 ,e4,d4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 flakes1 :i* are unctu\s1 friable1 & :ite4 ,od\r & ta/e1 sc>cely p]ceptible4 ,sp4 ,grav4 #idcc4 ,x melts at #aab4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x is a peculi> modification ( fatty matt]4 ,,solubility4 ,x is insoluble 9 wat] & cold alcohol1 b soluble 9 hot alcohol1 e!r1 & oil ( turp5t9e1 b x concretes aga9 z ! fluids cool2 9 ! fix$ oils x is completely soluble4 ,! alkal9e c>bonates d n affect x1 b x is p>tially dissolv$ 9 ! pure alkalies1 & ) hot ammonia x =ms an emulsion :i* is n decompos$ on cool+4 ,,uses4 ,x is demulc5t & emolli5t1 b x possesses no advantages ov] ! bl& oils4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,x may be susp5d$ 9 wat] by means ( mucilage or yolk ( egg4 7,=mul #gf1 #gh1 #gi47 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,c]atum ,simplex4 ,e4 ,c]atum ,cetacei4 ,l4 ,ungu5t4 ,cetacei4 ,l4,d4 ,f exposure to hot air1 x becomes rancid2 b x may be aga9 purifi$1 by be+ wa%$ 9 a w>m solution ( potass4 ,,c9*ona4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,b>k4 ,p]uvian ,b>k4 ,jesuit's ,b>k4 ,not)/&+ ! lab\rs ( ! ,spani% botani/s1 ! hi/ory ( ?is important g5us is /ill involv$ 9 consid]able p]plexity1 & ow+ to ! mixture ( ! b>ks ( sev]al species1#dei & _! importation into ,europe "u "o common "n1 x is extremely difficult to reconcile ! contradictory op9ions :i* exi/ ^u ! subject1 nor inde$ w\ld su* an inve/igation be consi/5t ) ! plan & objects ( ?is "w4 ,"u ! trivial "n (fic9alis1 ,l9nu conf\nd$ no less ?an f\r di/9ct species ( c9*ona1 & "u ! same d5om9ation ! ,briti% ,ph>macopias1 = a long p]iod1 plac$ z v>ieties ! ?ree b>ks kn[n 9 ! %ops2 ?is error inde$ is /ill ma9ta9$ 9 ! ,dubl9 ,ph>macopias1 b ! ,london & ,ed9burgh colleges h at l5g? adopt$ ! arrangem5t ( ,mutis1 a celebrat$ botani/1 :o has resid$ 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 & held ! (ficial situation ( ,director ( ! exportation ( b>k = ne>ly =ty ye>s4 ,,c9*on ,,cordifoli ,,cortex4 ,l4,e4 ,cortex ,p]uvianus4 ,d4 ,he>t-leav$ ,c9*ona ,b>k1 commonly call$ ,yell[ ,b>k4 ,,c9*on ,,lancifoli ,,cortex4 ,l4,e4 ,cortex ,p]uvianus4 ,d4 ,lance-leav$ ,c9*ona ,b>k1 common ,quill$ b>k--,pale b>k4 ,,c9*on ,,oblongifoli ,,cortex4 ,l4,e4 ,cortex ,p]uvianus4 ,d4 ,oblong-leav$ ,c9*ona ,b>k1 call$ ,r$ b>k4 ,,qualities4 ,! od\r & ta/e ( ^! ?ree species are ess5tially ! same1 al?\gh !y diff] 9 int5sity4 ,!y are all bitt]1 sub-a/r+5t & aromatic1 b ! flav\r ( ! ,yell[ b>k is incomp>ably ! mo/ bitt]1 al?\gh less au/]e & a/r+5t1 :il/ ! r$ b>k has a ta/e mu* less bitt]1 b m au/]e & nause\s ?an ei!r ( ! o!r species4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,few vegetable sub/ances h be5 m frequ5tly1 or m ably submitt$ to *emical analysis ?an ! ,p]uvian b>k1 & yet b few results ( any great practical utility _h be5 obta9$ previ\s to ! rec5t exp]im5ts ( ,pelleti] & ,cav5t\1 communicat$ to ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces at ,p>is1 s9ce ! publication ( ! f\r? edition ( ! pres5t "w4 ,dr4 ,maton#dfj _h sev]al ye>s ago obs]v$1 t an infusion ( nutgalls produc$ a precipitate ) ! decoctions ( ,b>k2 a fact :i* necess>ily produc$ consid]able speculation4 ,segu9 0 induc$ to reg>d x z aris+ f ! pres5ce ( gelat9e1 7see p4 #ef17 an op9ion :i* ,dr4 ,duncan prov$ to be errone\s1 & %ew$ t x dep5d$ ^u a new proximate pr9ciple1 to :i* ,m4 ,gomez ( ,lisbon _h previ\sly assign$ ! "n ( ,c9*on9e4 ,besides :i*1 b>k 0 consid]$ z conta9+ res91 extractive1 glut51 tann91 a small portion ( volatile oil1 & "s salts ) a base ( lime2 "o ( :i* h[ev] _h be5 only f\nd 9 ,yell[ b>k1 & _h be5 discov]$ to conta9 a peculi> vegetable acid1 d5om9at$ by ,vauquel9 ,k9ic1 a "n :i* ,dr4 ,duncan v judici\sly sup]s$$ by t ( ,c9*onic acid4 ,9 ! ,r$ b>k1 ,f\rcroy detect$ also a portion ( citric acid1 "s muriate ( ammonia1 & muriate ( lime4 ,^u :i* ( ^! pr9ciples ! tonic & febrifuge virtues ( b>k dep5ds1 has ev] prov$ a fruitful s\rce ( controv]sy4 ,des*amps attribut$ !m to ,c9*onate ( ,lime1 & ass]t$ t two doses ( ?irty-six gra9s ea*1 w\ld cure any int]mitt5t4 ,we/]+ consid]$ ,tann9 z ! active con/itu5t2 :ile ,m4 ,segu9 assign$ all ! virtues to ! pr9ciple :i* precipitates gallic acid1 & :i*1 z x has be5 be=e /at$1 he mi/ook = gelat9e4 ,fabroni conclud$ f 8 exp]im5ts1 t ! febrifuge p[] ( ! b>k did n belong exclusively & ess5tially to ! a/r+5t1 bitt]1 or to any o!r individual pr9ciple1 s9ce ! quantity ( ^! w\ld necess>ily be increas$ by long boil+1 :]eas ! virtues ( ! b>k are notori\sly dim9i%$ by protract$ ebullition4 ,?is argum5t h[ev] w n g f>1 :5 we consid] ! *emical *anges :i* ! liquid is kn[n to suff] dur+ t op]ation1 & by :i* a consid]able portion ( its matt] is r5d]$ insoluble4 ,su* 0 ! /ate ( our k respect+ ! composition ( ! ,c9*ona1 :5 ,pelleti] & ,cav5t\1 guid$ by analogy1 7 l$ to inf] ! pres5ce ( an alkal9e elem5t ( activity 9 its composition4 ,! m]it1 belong+ to ! rese>*es ( ^! em95t *emi/s1 does n s mu* consi/ 9 ! discov]y ( new elem5ts1 z 9 ! pro(s :i* !y h furni%$ ( ! well kn[n pr9ciple1 ,c9*on9e1 be+ a salifiable base1#dfa & 9 demon/rat+ ! peculi> /ates ( comb9ation 9 :i* x exi/s 9 ! diff]5t species ( ,c9*ona4 #a4 ,c9*ona ,lancifolia4 ,_! analysis ( ! ,pale ,b>k1 furni%$ ! foll[+ pr9ciples4 #a4 ,acidul\s ,k9ate ( ,c9*onia4#dfb #b4 ,a gre5 fatty matt]4 #c4 ,r$ ,col\r+ matt]1 slightly soluble4 #d4 ,ditto soluble4 7,tann947 #e4 ,yell[ col\r+ matt]4 #f4 ,k9ate ( ,lime4 #g4 ,gum4 #h4 ,/>*4 #i4 ,lign94 ,c9*onia1 :5 obta9$ 9 an isolat$ =m1#dfc is di/+ui%$ by ! foll[+ *>act]s & habitudes4 ,x is :ite1 transp>5t1 & cry/allizes 9 ! =m ( ne$les2 x has b little ta/e1 circum/ance dep5d+ ^u its comp>ative insolubility1 z x requires no less ?an #gjjj p>ts ( cold wat] = its solution2 9 boil+ wat] x is soluble 9 #bejj times its weight1 b a consid]able "p sep>ates1 on cool+4 ,9 alcohol & ! acids x is mu* m soluble1 & imp>ts to su* m5/rua ! *>act]i/ic bitt] ( ! b>k2 x dissolves only 9 small quantities 9 ! fix$ & volatile oils1 or 9 sulphuric e!r4 ,c9*onia re/ores ! col\r ( litmus :i* has be5 r$d5$ by an acid4 ,) acids x comb9es & =ms neutral salts1 ( :i* ! solubility & cry/all9e =m v>y ) ! acid employ$4 ,sulphate ( ,c9*onia1 easily cry/allizable & mod]ately soluble1 has be5 f\nd to consi/ ( ,c9*onia #ajj1 ,sulphuric acid #acjb4 ,nitrate ( ,c9*onia1 uncry/allizable1 & sp>+ly soluble4 ,muriate ( ,c9*onia1 cry/allizes 9 v beautiful ne$les1 & is m soluble ?an ! prec$+ salts4 ,oxalate ( ,c9*onia1 ne>ly insoluble2 h5ce by p\r+ oxalic acid1 or oxalate ( ammonia into solutions ( any ( ! soluble salts ( c9*onia1 we obta9 a v :ite & abundant precipitate1 :i* might be mi/ak5 = oxalate ( lime2 x is h[ev] soluble 9 an excess ( acid1 & 9 alcohol4 ,gallate ( ,c9*onia1 equally z insoluble z ! ,oxalate1 :5ce ! precipitate occasion$ by p\r+ an infusion ( galls into ! decoctions ( g5u9e c9*ona4 ,c9*onia1 :5 heat$1 does n fuse be=e decomposition4 ,its ultimate elem5ts are oxyg51 hydrog51 & c>bon2 ! latt] be+ pr$om9ant4 ,! ,k9ic acid1 :i* exi/s 9 native comb9ation ) ! ,c9*onia1 among/ sev]al o!r peculi> prop]ties1 is conv]tible by means ( heat into a sub/ance 7acide pyrok9ique17 :i* is cry/allizable1 & capable ( produc+ ) iron a mo/ beautiful gre5 col\r4 #b4 ,c9*ona ,cordifolia4 ,9 ! ,yell[ ,b>k1 ^! *emi/s discov]$ also a salifiable base1 q di/9ct h[ev] 9 its "* & habitudes f ,c9*onia2 !y accord+ly h designat$ x by ano!r "n1 viz4 ,qu99e1 b :i* we %all h]eaft] call ,qu9a4 ,9 speak+ ( ^! two bases1 ! au?ors comp>e !m1 9 po9t ( dissimil>ity1 to ! fix$ alkalies1 potass & soda4 ,qu9a is di/+ui%$ f ,c9*onia by ! foll[+ *>act]s4 ,x _c1 l ?is latt] body1 be cry/alliz$ by evaporation f its alcoholic solution1 al?\gh x may be obta9$ 9 transp>5t plates4 ,x is v soluble 9 !r2 9 wat] x is z insoluble z c9*onia1 b its ta/e is mu* m bitt]4 ,! salts :i* x =ms are diff]5t f ^? ( c9*onia1 bo? 9 ! proportion ( _! elem5ts1 & 9 ! prop]ties :i* !y possess1 be+ g5]ally mu* m bitt]4 ,9 comp>+ _! composition1 ,qu9a w appe> to h less capacity ( saturation#dfd ?an c9*onia4 ,sulphate ( ,qu9a4 ,x =ms cry/als q rem>kable = _! sat9-l & pe>ly lu/re4 ,x is soluble 9 cold wat]1 a prop]ty :i* is v consid]ably increas$ by an excess ( acid4#dfe ,x appe>s f ! obs]vations ( ,m4 ,callaude1 apo!c>y at ,annecy1 t ,sulphate ( ,qu9a expos$ to a g5tle heat1 becomes highly lum9\s2 & ,m4 ,pelleti] has s9ce f\nd t ,sulphate ( ,c9*onia1 :5 expos$ 9 a capsule to ! /eam ( boil+ wat]1 exhibits ! same ph5om5on1 b t nei!r ,qu9a nor ,c9*onia1 by !mselves1 nor _! acetates1 possess ?is phosphoresc5t quality4 ,?is appe>s to be ! mo/ effici5t ( all ! salts ( ,b>k1 & is ! "o f :i* ,i h frequ5tly d]iv$ mu* advantage4 ,9 its exhibition we mu/ be c>eful n to comb9e x ) sub/ances t =m insoluble comp\nds ) x4 ,! ,infusum ,ros compositum is objectionable z a vehicle1 on acc\nt ( ! a/r+5t matt] :i* x conta9s1 & :i* !re=e precipitates ! ,qu9a f its solution4 ,i h lately se5 a prescription1 9 :i* ! salt is direct$ to be rubb$ ) a few gra9s ( ,cream ( ,t>t>1 & !n to be dissolv$ 9 m9t wat]4 ,?is is obvi\sly injudici\s1 s9ce ,t>t>ic acid decomposes ! sulphate1 & occasions an insoluble ,t>trate1 :i* is precipitat$4 ,! =m 9 :i* ,i h usually prescrib$ x is 9 t ( solution1 ) a small quantity ( sulphuric acid1 9 ! proportion ( a m9im to e gra9 ( ! salt4 ,a ,w9e ( ,qu9a may be made by add+ five gra9s ( ! sulphate to a p9t ( ,%]ry2 a ,t9cture1 by dissolv+ ! same quantity 9 eight fluid-ounces ( ,rectifi$ ,_s4 ,! sulphate is to be pref]r$ to ! pure ,qu9a 9 ^! cases1 because1 :5 ! t9cture is made by us+ ! alkali1 n saturat$ by an acid1 a precipitate is =m$ on add+ x to aque\s liquors4 ,dose ( ! ,sulphate1 gr4 i4-v4 ,acetate ( ,qu9a1 v rem>kable = ! great facility ) :i* x cry/allizes1 & = ! pe>ly aspect & agreeable /ellat$ gr\p+ ( ! cry/als2 :]eas ! acetate ( c9*onia cry/allizes ) difficulty1 & simply 9 plates transp>5t1 & devoid ( lu/re4 ,qu9a =ms ) ! oxalic1 gallic & t>t>ic acids1 salts z insoluble z ^? :i* ! same acids =m ) ,c9*onia4 #c4 ,c9*ona ,oblongifolia4 ,! ,r$ ,b>k ^u analysis 0 f\nd to conta9 a d\ble basis1 & to yield bo? ,c9*onia & ,qu9a1 &1 :at is /ill m extraord9>y1 ! quantity ( ea* exce$$ t :i* is kn[n to exi/ 9 ! grey & yell[ b>ks4 ,! late/ exp]im5ts1 h[ev]1 made on v l>ge quantities ( ! b>k1 h %ewn t ,qu9a & ,c9*onia exi/ simultane\sly 9 all ! ?ree species2 b ! ,c9*onia is1 relatively to ! ,qu9a1 9 great] quantity 9 ! grey b>k2 :il/1 9 ! yell[ b>k1 ! ,qu9a s pr$om9ates1 t ! pres5ce ( ! ,c9*onia might well h escap$ notice :5 small quantities 7 op]at$ on4 ,hav+ ?us furni%$ a sket* ( ?is curi\s discov]y1 we h next to enquire :e!r ! alkal9e bases 9 "q d actually conc5trate all ! virtues ( ! b>ks 9 :i* !y reside8 ,m4 ,maj5die#dff in=ms u t ,pelleti] _h v e>ly aft] ! discov]y transmitt$ to him a portion ( ! new sub/ances = trial1 & t he has unequivocally det]m9$ t !y d n possess any delet]i\s qualities1#dfg & are !re=e ess5tially diff]5t f ! pr9ciples ( ,nux vomica1 7,/ry*n9e17 ,opium1 7,morphia17 c4 ,accord+ to ! te/imony ( ,dr4 ,d\ble1 z relat$ 9 ! same j\rnal1 !y w\ld seem to possess ! m$ic9al prop]ties ( ! c9*ona4 ,9 ! ?ird numb] ( ,maj5die's ,j\rnal we receive a report f ,m4 le docteur ,r5auld91 ( an int]mitt5t cur$ by ! ,sulphate ( ,c9*onia1 9 doses ( six gra9s4 ,z ! discov]y ( an alkal9e elem5t 9 ,opium l$ ! way to ! detection ( salifiable bases 9 o!r active vegetables1#dfh x has seem$ to me pref]able t ,i %\ld introduce ^? g5]al obs]vations :i* ,i wi% to (f] ^u ! subject ( ^? bodies1 "u ! hi/ory ( t n>cotic4 ,x is only necess>y 9 ?is place to caution ! practition] aga9/ ! ha/y g5]alizations ( ! too sangu9e *emi/2 x has already be5 obs]v$ t ^? vegetable rem$ies1 ^: value has be5 e/abli%$ by ! sob] exp]i5ce ( ages1 consi/ ( diff]5t pr9ciples ( activity1 or1 at lea/1 owe a modifi$ p[] to ! comp\nd effect ( _! sev]al +r$i5ts4 7p4 #aed1 note47 ,,solubility ,,( ,,! ,,b>k4#dfi ,cold wat] extracts its bitt] ta/e1 ) "s %>e ( its od\r2 :5 assi/$ by a mod]ate heat1 ! infusion is /rong]1 b becomes turbid z x cools2 ! infusion _c be kept1 ev5 = a %ort "t1 )\t und]go+ decomposition1 & be+ spoil$2 w9e also extracts ! virtues ( b>k1 & is prev5t$ by ?is sub/ance f becom+ s\r1 a fact :i* probably dep5ds ^u ! avidity ) :i* "s ( ! pr9ciples ( b>k comb9e ) oxyg51 & :i* may ?r[ "s light ^u ! cause ( its antiseptic virtues4 ,! col\r+ matt] ( w9e is precipitat$ by b>k1 z x is by *>coal1 9 ! c\rse ( a few days4 ,by decoction ! active matt] ( c9*ona is 9 a great degree extract$1 b if ! process be protract$ beyond eight or t5 m9utes1 x und]goes a v important *emical *ange1 ! precise nature ( :i* is n well und]/ood2 ! balance ( aff9ities1 h[ev]1 by :i* ! diff]5t elem5ts are unit$1 is evid5tly ov]?r[n1 & a consid]able precipitation ensues2 oxyg5 w\ld also appe> to h be5 absorb$2 :e!r ! ,c9*onia becomes insoluble has n yet be5 asc]ta9$1 b exp]i5ce has %ewn t ! g5]al loss ( solubility1 produc$ by su* a process1 is accompani$ ) a correspond+ loss ( m$ic9al activity2 on :i* acc\nt1 ! extract is necess>ily a v ineffici5t prep>ation2 if we attempt to r$issolve x1 n m ?an "o half is soluble 9 wat]4 ,v9eg> is a less p[]ful solv5t ?an wat]2 ! active matt] ( b>k is r5d]$ m soluble by ! addition ( m9]al acids1 & by ! e>?s & alkalies2 ^! latt] bodies deep5 its col\r1 & precipitate ! ,c9*onia1 = :i* reason1 :5 !y are employ$1 ! decoction ought n to be filt]$2 see ,=m4 #da1 #db1 & note !reon4 ,lime wat] has be5 recomm5d$ z a solv5t1 & x af=ds an excell5t =m = *ildr5 & dyspeptic pati5ts2 = ! same reason we obta9 a /rong] & p]haps a m effici5t prep>ation1 by triturat+ x ) magnesia1 previ\s to ! process ( infusion4 ,alcohol is a v p[]ful solv5t1 b ! great activity ( ?is m5/ruum s limits its dose t we are prev5t$ f exhibit+ a suffici5t quantity ( ! b>k 9 ! =m ( t9cture2 x furni%es h[ev] an excell5t adjunct to o!r prep>ations4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,precipitates are produc$ by ! salts ( iron1 sulphate ( z9c1 nitrate ( silv]1 oxy-muriate ( m]cury1 t>t>iz$ antimony1 solutions ( ars5ic1 c4 ,any consid]able portion ( a t9cture produces also a precipitation1 :i* sometimes does n imm$iately take place1 & ! m$ic9al value ( ! b>k is probably n impair$ by x4 ,z ! infusions ( nut galls & "s o!r vegetable a/r+5ts precipitate ! c9*onia f b>k1 x becomes a "q h[ f> su* liquids are m$ic9ally compatible2 sal9e additions1 z alum1 muriate ( ammonia1 c4 h be5 frequ5tly propos$1 b 9 _m su* mixtures decompositions arise :i* mu/ deceive u ) reg>d to ! expect$ effects4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,no =m is s effici5t z t ( p[d]1 a fact :i* w\ld seem to argue aga9/ ! exclusive value ( ! ,c9*onia2 ev5 ! ligne\s fibre :i* ! *emi/ pron\nces to be in]t & useless1 may produce its %>e ( b5efit by modify+ ! solubility ( ! o!r +r$i5ts1 or by p]=m+ "s me*anical duty :i* we are at pres5t unable to und]/& or appreciate2 b :]e ! /oma* rejects x1 x mu/ be adm9i/]$ 9 infusion or decoction1 ) ! addition ( its t9cture4 ,9 cases :]e x is necess>y to jo9 cordials1 an infusion ( b>k 9 ,port w9e#dgj is a popul> & v useful =m = its adm9i/ration4 ,,dose ( ! p[d]1 gr4 v to ij or m1 ( ! infusion or decoction ij4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,x is p[]fully tonic & antiseptic2 x 0 introduc$ into practice = cur+ int]mitt5t fev]s1 b s9ce t p]iod x has be5 g5]ally us$ 9 diseases ( debility1 9 fev]s ( ! typhoid type1 & 9 gangr5e4 ,x 0 fir/ conjectur$ to be useful 9 g\t by ,syd5ham1 & ,dr4 ,hayg>? has /rongly recomm5d$ its exhibition 9 acute rheumatism2 :5 h[ev] x is us$ 9 ^! diseases1 ! greate/ att5tion ought to be paid to ! /ate ( ! b[els1 & purgatives %\ld be occasionally int]pos$4 ,9 ,dyspepsia1 ! use ( ! pur] bitt]s is to be greatly pref]r$ to t ( ! b>k4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,infus4 ,c9*on1 ,l4,e4,d4 ,decoct4 ,c9*on4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,extractum ,c9*on4 ,l4,e4 ,extract4 ,c9*on res9osum4 ,l4,d4 ,t9ct4 ,c9*on1 ,l4,e4,d4 ,t9ct4 ,c9*on comp4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,t9ct4 ,c9*on4 ,ammoniat4 ,l4 ,,magi/ral ,,=mul1 #ca1 #cg1 #dj1 #dd1 #abg4 ,,adult]ations4 ,! frauds committ$ "u ?is head are mo/ ext5sive2 x is n only mix$ ) inf]ior b>ks1 b frequ5tly ) g5u9e b>k1 ! active con/itu5ts ( :i* h be5 entirely extract$ by decoction ) wat]4 ,9 select+ c9*ona b>k1 ! foll[+ precautions may be useful2 x %\ld be d5se1 heavy & dry1 n mu/y1 nor spoil$ by moi/ure2 a decoction made ( x %\ld h a r$di% col\r :5 w>m2 b :5 cold1 x %\ld become pal]1 & deposit a br[ni% r$ s$im5t4 ,:5 ! b>k is ( a d>k col\r betwe5 r$ & yell[1 x is ei!r ( a bad species1 or x has n be5 well pres]v$4 ,its ta/e %\ld be bitt]1 ) a slight acidity1 b n nause\s1 nor v a/r+5t2 :5 *ew$1 x %\ld n appe> 9 ?reads1 nor ( mu* l5g?2 ! od\r is n v /rong1 b :5 b>k has be5 well cur$1 x is always p]ceptible1 & ! /rong] x is1 provid$ x be pleasant1 ! bett] may ! b>k be consid]$4 ,9 ord] to give b>k ! =m ( quill1 ! b>k ga!r]s n unfrequ5tly call 9 ! aid ( artificial heat1 by :i* its virtues are det]iorat$2 ! fraud is detect$ by ! col\r be+ mu* d>k]1 & ^u splitt+ ! b>k1 by ! inside exhibit+ /ripes ( a :iti% sickly hue4 ,9 ! =m ( p[d]1 c9*ona is always f\nd m or less adult]at$4 ,dur+ a late (ficial inspection ( ! %ops ( apo!c>ies & druggi/s1 ! ,c5sors repeat$ly met ) p[d]$ c9*ona hav+ a h>% metallic ta/e1 q =eign to t :i* *>act]izes good b>k4#dga ,! be/ te/ ( ! goodness ( b>k is af=d$ by ! quantity ( ,c9*onia1 or ,qu9a t may be extract$ f x2 & ! manufactur] %\ld always in/itute su* a trial be=e he pur*ases any quantity1 tak+ a c]ta9 numb] ( pieces indiscrim9ately f ! bulk4 ,mu* has be5 said ( late conc]n+ ! probability ( ! g5u9e species ( ! c9*ona tree becom+ ext9ct2 9 consequ5ce ( :i* "s succ$aneum has be5 anxi\sly s\ght =2 ! b>k ( ! broad-leav$ will[1 ,salix ,caprea1 has be5 propos$ = ?is purpose4 ,vogel recomm5ds ! root ( ,geum urbanum av5s2 o!rs propose t ( ! ,da/isca canab9a4 ,! ,c9*ona ,c>iba ( ! ,ed9burgh ,ph>macopia is said1 by ,dr4 ,wright1 to :om we are indebt$ = our k ( x1 to h satisfactorily answ]$ 9 all cases :]e ! ,p]uvian b>k 0 indicat$4 ,! ,ge(fra ,int]mis is (t5 sold = x4 ,m4 ,r1 ,pr(essor ( ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica at ! ,vet]9>y ,s*ool at ,tur91 has ann\nc$ t ! ,lycopus ,europu ( ,l9nu1 call$ by ! peasants ( ,pi$mont ! ,h]b ,*9a1 is a complete succ$aneum = ,p]uvian ,b>k4#dgb ,! success ) :i* b>k has be5 imitat$ by m$ic9al comb9ation1 has already be5 notic$ 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is "w4 ,,c9namomi ,,cortex4 ,l4,e4,d 7,laurus ,c9namomum47 ,c9namon4 ,! qualities ( ,c9namon dep5d ^u ! pres5ce ( an ess5tial oil4 ,b5zoic acid has be5 f\nd 9 x4 ,x is pr9cipally employ$ to cov] ! ta/e ( nause\s m$ic9es1 & to correct ! grip+ quality ( diff]5t purgatives4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 9 itself1 a/r+5t & tonic1 :5ce x has be5 f\nd efficaci\s 9 ! relief ( alv9e fluxes4 ,,adult]ations4 ,x is sometimes int]mix$ ) c9namon f :i* ! oil has be5 drawn2 ! fraud is detect$ by ! weakness ( ! od\r & ta/e ( ! specim52 sometimes x is mix$ ) cassia1 b ?is is soon discov]$1 = cassia is ?ick & clumsy1 breaks %ort1 & smoo?1 & has a rem>kable slimy ta/e1 :]eas ! fracture ( c9namon is %iv]y1 & its flav\r w>m & clean4 ,c9namon ought n to leave a mawki% ta/e 9 ! m\?2 ?is circum/ance d5otes an inf]ior quality4 ,!re is an inf]ior k9d import$ into ,europe f ,*9a1 ?r\gh ! h&s ( private m]*ants2 ?is is di/+ui%$ by be+ d>k] col\r$1 r\gh]1 d5s]1 & by break+ %ort]2 ! ta/e is also h>%]1 m pung5t1 & ligne\s1 )\t ! sweetness ( ,ceylon c9namon4 ,,dose ( ! c9namon 9 p[d] is f grs4 x4 to j4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,aqua ,c9namomi1 ,l4,e4,d1 ,spir ,c9namomi1 ,l4,e4,d4 ,t9ct4 ,c9namomi1 ,l4,e4,d4 ,t9ct4 ,c9namom4 co4 ,l4 ,pulv4 ,c9namom4 comp4 ,l4,e4 ,,c9namomi ,,oleum4 ,x is pr9cipally import$ f ,ceylon3 x has a :iti% yell[ col\r1 a pung5t burn+ ta/e1 & ! peculi> f9e flav\r ( c9namon 9 a v great degree4#dgc ,x %\ld s9k 9 wat]1 & be entirely soluble 9 alcohol4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful /imulants :i* we possess4 ,dose1 i to iij1 on a lump ( sug>4 ,,coccus4 ,l4,e4 7,coccus ,cacti47 ,cocc9ella4 ,d4 ,co*9eal4 ,x is an insect import$ f ,mexico & ,new ,spa91 & has ! appe>ance ( a wr9kl$ b]ry or se$ ( a deep mulb]ry col\r1 ) a :ite p[d] betwe5 ! wr9kles4 ,,uses4 ,its m$ic9al virtues are n[ entirely discr$it$1 & x is only employ$ = ! sake ( its col\r+ matt]1 = ! purpose ( a dye2 x 0 kn[n to ! ,phnicians1 & 0 ! tolu ( ! ,jews4 ,its wat]y solution is ( a violet crimson1 its alcoholic ( a deep crimson1 & its alkal9e ( a purple hue2 ! col\r ( ! wat]y infusion is bright5$ by acids1 cream ( t>t>1 & alum1 & at ! same "t p>tly precipitat$4 ,dr4 ,john has giv5 ! "n ( ,co*5el9 to ?is col\r+ pr9ciple1 :i* ,m4 ,m4 ,pelleti] & ,cav5t\ h lately obta9$ 9 a p]fectly pure /ate1 z a v brilliant purple r$ p[d] ) a granul> cry/all9e appe>ance2 ^! *emi/s propose to call x ,c>m9e1 b z ,mr4 ,*ildr5 v ju/ly obs]ves1 if we adopt ! t]m1 its t]m9ation %\ld be alt]$1 to avoid conf\nd+ ! pure col\r+ matt] ) ! pigm5t 9 common use4 ,x may be call$ ,c>m9a1 a m h>moni\s "n ?an ,co*5el91 7,ann3 de ,*imie1 vol4 viii74 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,! col\r+ matt] is decompos$ by sulphate ( iron1 sulphate ( z9c1 & acetate ( lead4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,t9ct3 ,c>damom3 comp3 ,l4,d4 ,t9ct3 ,c9*on3 comp3 ,l4,d4 ,t9ct3 ,g5tian1 comp3 ,e4 ,t9ct3 ,can?>id3 ,d4 ,,adult]ations4 ,x is inv>iably adult]at$ ) pieces ( d\gh1 =m$ 9 m\lds1 & col\r$ ) co*9eal4 ,i und]/& t ?is fraud gives employm5t to a v consid]able numb] ( wom5 & *ildr5 9 ?is metropolis4 ,a c>go ( ! c\nt]feit article 0 "s "t s9ce export$1 9 ord] to obta9 ! drawback2 by ?r[+ a suspect$ sample into wat]1 we %all dissolve ! spuri\s ones1 & asc]ta9 ! ext5t ( ! adult]ation4 ,,col*ici ,,radix1 ,,et ,,sem9a4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,col*icum ,autumnale4 ,! ,bulb ( ! ,mead[ ,saffron4 ,,qualities4 ,:5 rec5t x has sc>cely any od\r1 b its ta/e is bitt]1 hot & acrid4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,its prop]ties reside 9 a milky juice1 & dep5d ^u an alkal9e pr9ciple2 x conta9s also gum1 />*1 inul91 & extractive matt]1 :i*1 :5 9 solution1 und]goes a *emical *ange1 analog\s1 ,i appreh5d1 to t :i* takes place 9 ! infusion ( ,s5na1 & x w\ld appe> ) simil> inconv5i5ce4 ,sir ,ev]>d ,home asc]ta9$ t ?is deposit1 9 ! v9\s infusion1 excites nausea & grip+1 b t x may be remov$ )\t de/roy+ ! efficacy ( ! m$ic9e4 ,! alkal9e elem5t1 simil> to t ( ! ,hellebore 7,v]atria71 lately f\nd 9 x1 appe>s to exi/ 9 comb9ation ) gallic acid4 7,annales de ,*imie1 tom4 xiv4 ,mai1 #ahbj47 ,?is alkal9e body w\ld seem to display its greate/ en]gies by its action ^u muc\s surfaces2 9 small portions x excites viol5t sneez+1 & :5 appli$ to ! membrane ( ! /oma*1 imm$iate vomit+ & purg+ are ! result4#dgd ,see ,v]atri radix4 ,! virtues ( ! bulb ( ,col*icum are v v>iable1 accord+ to ! place ( gr[? & season ( ! ye>4 ,s9ce ! ?ird edition ( ?is "w1 ,i h be5 fav\r$ ) "s valuable obs]vations ^u ?is subject by ,mr4 ,alex&] ,gordon2 he says t x is 9 its greate/ p]fection f ! beg9n+ ( ,june until ! middle ( ,augu/4#dge ,x is also necess>y to extract ! virtues ( ! bulb z soon z x is ga!r$1 = al?\gh remov$ f ! e>?1 ! develop+ process ( vegetation cont9ues1 & ! sub/ance und]goes a correspond+ s]ies ( *emical *anges1 & f9ally becomes z in]t z if x _h rema9$ 9 ! gr\nd4 ,x is a problem ( "s importance to discov] a me?od ( de/roy+ ! vegetable life ( ! bulb1 )\t at ! same "t injur+ its virtues1 = ,i appreh5d t a want ( att5tion to ! above precaution frequ5tly r5d]s ! v9\s infusion inactive4 ,! practition] engag$ 9 prep>+ ?is vegetable rem$y w f9d "s valuable directions 9 ! ?ird edition ( ,?omson's ,disp5satory4 ,! fl[] ( ! mead[ saffron is v poison\s to cattle4 ,,solubility4 ,v9eg> & w9e#dgf are ! be/ m5/rua = extract+ its active qualities2 by decoction its ess5tial oil is dissipat$4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,x has be5 mu* extoll$ on ! cont95t z a rem$y 9 dropsy1 especially 9 hydro-?orax1 & 9 humoral a/hma2 its op]ation h[ev] z a diuretic1 is less c]ta9 ?an squill1 al?\gh its modus op]&i is analog\s to x1 z w be se5 by ref]r+ to our new arrangem5t ( ,diuretic rem$ies4 ,z a specific 9 g\t its efficacy has be5 fully asc]ta9$2 x allays pa91 & cuts %ort ! p>oxysm4 ,x has also a decid$ action ^u ! art]ial sy/em1 :i* x w\ld appe> to control ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! n]ves4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,9 my op9ion1 acids1 & all oxyg5at$ sub/ances r5d] ! v9\s infusion dra/ic2 on ! contr>y1 alkalies r5d] its pr9ciples m soluble1 & its op]ation m mild1 b n less efficaci\s4 ,magnesia may judici\sly accompany its exhibition4 ,,dose ( ! saturat$ v9\s infusion1 ! only =m 9 :i* its successful op]ation c be insur$1 fss to fj1 :5ev] ! pati5t is 9 pa94 ,see ,v9um ,col*ici4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,acetum ,col*ici1 ,l4 ,oxymel ,col*ici1 ,d4 ,v9um ,col*ici1 ,l4 ,spiritus ,col*ici ,ammoniatus1 ,l4 ,syrupus ,col*ici ,autumnalis1 ,e4 ,,col*ici ,,sem9a4 ,dr4 ,williams ( ,ipswi* has lately publi%$ an acc\nt ( ! efficacy ( ! ,se$s ( ,col*icum1 :i* he says possess all ! virtues ( ! root1 )\t its p]nici\s#dgg qualities2 ! =m 9 :i* he adm9i/]s !m1 is 9 t ( v9\s infusion4#dgh ,he also in=ms me t he has exp]i5c$ consid]able tonic effects f ^! se$s2 & t unlike o!r n>cotic rem$ies !y d n appe> to produce1 or fav\r conge/ion 9 ! head4 ,! se$s ought n to be bruis$1 z _! virtues reside *iefly 9 ! husk1 or cortical "p4 ,,colocyn?idis ,,pulpa4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,cucumis ,colocyn?is47 ,colocyn?4 ,coloqu9tida4 ,bitt] ,cucumb]4 ,,qualities4 ,! m$ull>y "p ( ?is fruit1 :i* is alone made use (1 is a light1 :ite1 spongy body4 ,ta/e1 int5sely bitt] & nause\s4 ,od\r1 :5 dry1 none4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,mucilage1 res91 a bitt] pr9ciple1 & "s gallic acid4 ,,solubility4 ,alcohol & wat] alike extract its virtues1 b ! active pr9ciple resides bo? 9 ! portion soluble 9 wat]1 & 9 t :i* is insoluble4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,x is a v p[]ful dra/ic ca?>tic1 & 0 employ$ by ! anci5ts 9 dropsical & le?>gic diseases4 ,_m attempts h be5 made to mitigate its viol5ce1 :i* is be/ effect$ by triturat+ x ) gummy f>9ace\s sub/ances1 or ! oily se$s2 ! wat]y decoction or infusion is mu* less sev]e1 & has be5 recomm5d$ 9 worm cases1 b x is r>ely employ$1 except 9 comb9ation ) o!r purgatives4 ,?unb]g in=ms u1 7see 8 ,travels1 vol4 ii1 p4 #aga7 t ?is article is r5d]$ s p]fectly mild at ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope by be+ pickl$1 t x is absolutely us$ z food bo? by ! natives & coloni/s4 ,mix$ ) pa/e or o!r cem5ts1 x is us$ to keep away insects1 :i* x does by its extreme bitt]ness4 ,,dose1 grs4 iv4 to x4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,! infusion is di/urb$ by sub-acetate1 & acetate ( lead2 nitrate ( silv]2 sulphate ( iron1 & by ! fix$ alkalies4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,extract4 ,colocyn?4 ,l4 ,extract4 ,colocyn?4 comp4 ,l4,d4 ,pil4 ,aloes cum ,colocyn?4 ,d4,e4 7,b7 ,:5 ! fruit is l>g] ?an a ,/4 ,mi*ael's orange1 & has black acute po9t$ se$s1 x is n good4 ,,confectiones ,l4 ,confections4 ,"u ?is title ! ,london ,college compreh5ds ! cons]ves & electu>ies ( its =m] ,ph>macopias2 b 9 /rict propriety1 & = practical conv5i5ce1 ! di/9ction betwe5 cons]ves & electu>ies ought to h be5 ma9ta9$4 ,sac*>9e matt] ent]s into ea* ( ^! compositions1 b 9 diff]5t proportions1 & = diff]5t objects4 ,9 cons]ves x is int5d$ to pres]ve ! virtues ( rec5t vegetables2 9 electu>ies1 to imp>t conv5i5ce ( =m4 ,see ,electu>ia4 ,,confectio ,,amygdal>um4 ,l4 ,?is prep>ation af=ds an exp$iti\s mode ( prep>+ ! almond emulsion2 x %\ld be us$ 9 ! proportion ( a dra*m to ea* fluid-ounce ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,,confectio ,,aromatica4 ,l4 ,electu>ium ,aromaticum4 ,e4,d4 ,?is is a v useful comb9ation ( v>i\s aromatics1 to :i* ! ,london & ,dubl9 colleges h add$ a c>bonate ( lime2 ?is circum/ance makes ! prep>ation a judici\s con/itu5t = ! exhibition ( active salts1 liable to be invalidat$ by ! pres5ce ( acid 9 ! /oma*1 b1 at ! same "t1 r5d]+ x incompatible ) acids1 antimonial w9e1 c4 ,^! obs]vations d n ( c\rse ext5d to ! aromatic electu>y ( ! ,ed9burgh ph>macopia4 ,see ,=m3 #ae1 #db1 #di1 #abe1 #abf4 ,,dose1 j to j4 ,,confectio ,,cassi4 ,l4 ,! +r$i5ts ( ?is confection are manna1 tam>9d pulp1 & syrup ( roses4 ,x is g5tly laxative1 & f its agreeable flav\r is well calculat$ = *ildr54 ,! ph>maceuti/1 9 prep>+ x1 mu/ take c>e t he does n sub/itute ! syrup ( ! r$1 = t ( ! damask rose2 a sub/itution1 z /at$ "u ! head ( ,syrupi1 n v unusual4 ,! confection does n f]m5t or become acesc5t4 ,,dose1 j to j4 ,,confectio ,,opii4 ,l4 ,electu>ium ,opiatum4 ,e4 ,?is is a comb9ation ( aromatics ) opium1 int5d$ z a sub/itute = ! ,mi?ridate & ,!riaca ( ! old ph>macopias4 ,x is highly useful 9 flatul5t *olic & di>rha1 & 9 all cases :]e a /imulant n>cotic is indicat$4 ,"o gra9 ( opium is conta9$ 9 grs4 #cf ( ! ,london1 & 9 grs4 #dc ( ! ,ed9burgh prep>ation4 ,,dose1 grs4 x to xxx4 ,,confectio ,,pip]is ,,nigri4 ,l4 ,?is prep>ation has be5 introduc$ into ! ,ph>macopia1 on ! sugge/ion ( sev]al em95t practition]s1 :o h exp]i5c$ its utility 9 c]ta9 cases ( ,piles4 ,x is int5d$ to resemble ,,w>d',s#dgi ,,pa/e1 ^: composition has be5 giv5 9 all ! =m] editions ( ?is "w1 & accord+ to :i* ,=mula ! committee h direct$ ! pres5t prep>ation4 ,x is pr9cipally useful 9 ^? cases att5d$ ) consid]able debility1 9 leucophlegmatic habits1 & :5 piles arise f a defici5t secretion 9 ! rectum4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! composition w z c]ta9ly prove injuri\s 9 ^? cases :i* are accompani$ ) erysipelat\s inflammation1 & :i* require cool+ laxatives1 & a total ab/95ce f all /imulants1 = _! cure4 ,,confectio ,,ros ,,can91 olim ,cons]va ,cynosbati4 ,its acidity dep5ds ^u uncomb9$ citric acid1 a circum/ance :i* x is ess5tial to rememb] :5 we direct its use 9 comb9ation4 ,! hip1 or fruit ( ?is plant1 beat up ) sug>1 & mix$ ) w9e1 is a v acceptable treat 9 ! nor? ( ,europe4 ,,confectio ,,ros ,,gallic4 ,confection ( ! ,r$ ,rose4 ,pr9cipally us$ z a vehicle = m active m$ic9es4 ,x is sometimes bright5$ by ! addition ( a small proportion ( sulphuric acid2 ?is is a circum/ance ( great importance1 :]e ! confection is us$ = mak+ ! m]curial pill4 ,see ,pilul ,hydr>g4 ,x is a v common excipi5t = pills1 see ,=m3 #ba1 #ei1 #ff1 #gc1 #abb1 #afj1 #agj4 ,,confectio ,,rut1 ,confection ( ,rue4 ,! pr9cipal use ( ?is prep>ation is z an +r$i5t 9 antispasmodic enemas4 ,,confectio ,,scammone4 ,l4,d4 ,scammony1 two p>ts1 p[d]$ cloves & g+]1 ( ea*1 "o "p1 to :i* are add$ a small portion ( oil ( c>raway1 & ( syrup ( roses1 q4 s4 ,x is a /imulat+ ca?>tic1 & may be giv5 9 ! dose ( ss to j4 ,,confectio ,,s5n4 ,l4,e4,d olim ,electu>ium ,l5itivum4 ,! +r$i5ts ( ?is prep>ation are s5na leaves1 figs1 tam>9d pulp1 cassia pulp1 ! pulp ( prunes1 cori&] se$s1 liquorice root1 & ref9$ sug>4 ,x is g5tly laxative1 & is an excell5t vehicle = ! exhibition ( m p[]ful ca?>tics4 7,=m4 #gd1 #ic47 ,:5 prop]ly made1 x is an elegant prep>ation1 n apt to f]m5t1 nor to become acesc5t2 ! directions ( ! ph>macopia are h[ev] r>ely foll[$4 ,jalap black5$ ) walnut liquor1 is frequ5tly sub/itut$ = ! m exp5sive article cassia2 & ! great bulk ( x1 sold 9 ,london1 is little else ?an prunes1 figs1 & jalap4 ,i und]/& t a consid]able quantity is also manufactur$ 9 ,/af=d%ire1 into :i* uns\nd & spoilt apples ent] z a pr9cipal +r$i5t4 ,! prep>ation sold at ,apo!c>ies' ,hall is c]ta9ly unique 9 excell5ce4 ,dose1 ij or m4 ,! above are ! pr9cipal confections :i* are employ$ 9 mod]n practice1 = happily ! %ops are at l5g? dis5cumb]$ ( ^? nause\s insignificant cons]ves1 unkn[n to ! anci5ts1 b :i* 7 u%]$ into use by ! ,arabian physicians1 & :i* cont9u$ = s _m ye>s to disgrace our disp5satories & to emb>rass our practice4 ,! ,fr5*1 9 _! new ,codex ,m$icam5t>ius1 h limit$ _! electu>ies to a numb] n exce$+ n9e2 !y h h[ev] made up 9 complexity = defici5cy 9 numb]2 ! ,electu>ium de croco1 :i* is int5d$ to answ] ! same ends z our confectio aromatica1 has no less ?an twelve +r$i5ts1 al?\gh ! =ce ( ! comb9ation dep5ds entirely ^u c>bonate ( lime1 c9namon1 & saffron2 & s x is ) ! re/4 ,,conii ,,folia4 ,l4,e4 7,conium ,maculatum47 ,cicuta4 ,d4 ,hemlock4 ,,qualities4 ,! leaves1 :5 prop]ly dri$1 h a /rong & n>cotic od\r1 & a slightly bitt] & nause\s ta/e3 ! fre% leaves conta9 n only ! n>cotic1 b also ! acrid pr9ciple3 by exsiccation1 ! latt] is ne>ly lo/1 b ! =m] und]goes no *ange2 ! m$ic9al prop]ties ( ! leaves are !re=e improv$ by ! op]ation ( dry+4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,! m$ic9al activity ( ! plant resides 9 a res9\s elem5t1 :i* may be obta9$ 9 an insulat$ =m1 by evaporat+ an e!real t9cture made ) ! leaves1 on ! surface ( wat]2 x has a ri* d>k gre5 col\r1 & conta9s ! peculi> od\r & ta/e ( hemlock 9 p]fection2 a dose ( half a gra9 w produce v]tigo & head-a*e4 ,x may be di/+ui%$ by ! "n ( ,cone94 ,! wat]y extract ( ?is plant c !re=e possess b little p[]1 a fact :i* ,orfila has fully e/abli%$ by exp]im5t4 ,no "p ( ! plant is entirely de/itute ( efficacy1 ?\gh ! leaves possess ! mo/ activity4 ,,solubility4 ,alcohol & !r extract its virtues4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,its en]gies are greatly dim9i%$ by vegetable acids2 h5ce v9eg> is its be/ antidote4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,x is a p[]ful s$ative1 & has be5 des]v$ly comm5d$ = its p[]s 9 allay+ morbid irritability3 accord+ to my own exp]i5ce1 x is1 9 well direct$ doses1 by f> ! mo/ efficaci\s ( all palliatives1 = quiet+ pulmon>y irritation4 ,x has be5 extoll$ also 9 ! cure ( s*irrus & canc]1 & x w )\t d\bt prove 9 su* cases a valuable res\rce1 f its s$ative influ5ce4 ,ext]nally1 x w af=d consid]able relief 9 irritable ulc]s1 :5 appli$ 9 ! =m ( fom5tation or cataplasm1 see ,=m4 #ag1 #ah4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,! dri$ leaves1 p[d]$1 & made into pills1 7,=m4 #b1 #ag1 #ah47 ,! p[d] ought to h a f9e lively gre5 col\r4 ,,dose1 gr4 iij1 gradually increas$1 until "s effect is produc$4 ,sev]al diff]5t plants h be5 mi/ak5 =1 & employ$ 9 ! place ( hemlock1 su* z ,cicuta ,virosa1 7! wat] hemlock17 ?usa ,cynapium1 ,caucalis an?riscus1 & sev]al species ( ,*rophyllum4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,extract4 ,conii4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,,contraj]v ,,radix4 ,l4,e4 7,dor/5ia ,contraj]va1 ,radix47 ,contraj]va ,root4 ,! qualities ( ?is plant are alike extract$ by _s & wat]2 ! wat]y decoction1 h[ev]1 is v mucilag9\s2 z x conta9s no a/r+5t matt]1 ! salts ( iron d n affect x4 ,,dose ( ! p[d]$ root1 gr4 v4 to ss1 b x is r>ely us$4 ,x is consid]$ cordial1 & diaphoretic4 ,has x any virtues8 ,! ,spani% ,indians h long us$ x z an antidote to poisons2 ! ,spani% ^w contrahirba signifies antidote4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,pulv4 ,contraj]v4 co4 ,l4 ,,copaiba1 ,l4,e4 7,copaif]a ,(fic9alis47 ,balsamum ,copaib4 ,d4 ,copaiba1 ,copaiva1 or ,capivi ,balsam4 ,,qualities4 ,consi/5ce1 t ( oil1 or a little ?ick]4 ,col\r1 pale gold5 yell[4 ,od\r1 fragrant & peculi>4 ,ta/e1 aromatic1 bitt]1 & %>p4 ,sp4 ,grav4 #jiej4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x is improp]ly d5om9at$ a balsam1 = x conta9s no b5zoic acid1 b consi/s ( res9 & ess5tial oil4 ,,solubility4 ,x is insoluble 9 wat]1 b soluble 9 t5 p>ts ( alcohol1 & 9 express$ & ess5tial oils2 ) ! pure alkalies x =ms :ite saponace\s comp\nds :i* are soluble 9 wat]1 =m+ opaque emulsions4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,/imulant1 diuretic1 & laxative2 x seems to act m p[]fully on ! ur9>y passages ?an any ( ! o!r res9\s fluids2 h5ce its use 9 gleets & 9 fluor albus4 ,its use gives ! ur9e an int5sely bitt] ta/e1 b n a violet smell1 z ! turp5t9es d4 ,by ref]r+ to ! ,synoptical arrangem5t ( ,diuretic rem$ies1 x w appe> t ,copaiba is ref]r$ to ,class ,i1 #a4 b4 = !re is reason to believe t its active pr9ciple und]goes absorption1 & by com+ 9 contact ) ! ur9>y organs1 produces ! m$ic9al effects = :i* x is s highly valu$4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,diffus$ 9 s(t or di/ill$ wat] by yolk ( egg1 or by twice its weight ( mucilage1 fss to e fj ( wat]1 =ms an elegant mixture1 or x may be giv5 dropp$ on sug>1 & 9 ?is latt] =m x is c]ta9ly m dispos$ to act on ! ur9>y organs1 ?an :5 exhibit$ 9 t ( an emulsion4 7,=m4 #aef47 ,dr4 ,*apman has propos$ a new mode ( exhibit+ ?is m$ic9e2 he advises u to p\r ! ,copaiba on half a w9e-glassful ( wat]1 & aft]w>ds to add sl[ly a few drops ( a common bitt] t9cture1 by :i* means ! ,copaiba w be collect$ 9 a small globule t may be easily swall[$1 :ile its ta/e1 s nause\s to mo/ pati5ts1 w be entirely mask$ by ! bitt]ness ( ! vehicle4 ,9 :atev] =m1 h[ev]1 ?is m$ic9e is adm9i/]$1 x is extremely apt to d]ange ! dige/ive organs1 if long cont9u$1 & ! unpleasant effects ?us occasion$ rema91 9 "s cases1 = a v long p]iod4#dhj ,,adult]ations4 ,a consid]able quantity sold 9 ,london is entirely factiti\s4 ,a curi\s trial took place "s "t s9ce1 betwe5 ! own] ( c]ta9 premises t 7 burnt d[n1 & ! ,gov]nors ( ! ,sun ,fire ,(fice1 9 consequ5ce ( ! latt] refus+ to indemnify ! proprietor = 8 loss1 because ! fire _h be5 occasion$ by 8 mak+ ,balsam ( ,copaiba4 ,?is article is also adult]at$ ) ma/i*e & oil2 ,m4 ,bu*olz ass]ts t if x does n dissolve 9 a mixture ( f\r p>ts ( pure alcohol1 & "o ( rectifi$ !r1 we may inf] its adult]ation2 rape oil is also frequ5tly mix$ ) x1 9 :i* case if dropp$ into wat]1 ! drops w n reta9 _! sph]ical =m1 z !y inv>iably w1 if pure4 ,,cornua4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,c]vus ,elaphus4 ,/ag's1 or ,h>t's ,horn4 ,! horns ( ! /ag diff] only f bone1 9 conta9+ less ( ! phosphate ( lime1 & a l>g] proportion ( gelat9e2 by boil+1 !y yield a cle>1 transp>5t1 & flav\rless jelly1 9 quantity ab\t "o-f\r? ( ! weight ( ! %av+s employ$2 to obta9 :i* we %\ld boil iv 9 fvij ( wat]1 until r$uc$ to fvi4 ,,adult]ations4 ,?is article is (t5 sophi/icat$ ) ! %av+s ( mutton bone2 ! fraud is detect$ by _! great] degree ( brittl5ess4 ,!y 7 =m]ly s mu* us$ = ! prep>ation ( ammonia1 t ! alkali 0 commonly call$ ,salt1 or ,_s1 ( ,h>t%orn4 ,,cornus ,,florida4 7,common ,dogwood47 ,cortex4 ,! dogwood is a common =e/ tree1 abundant 9 almo/ e "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x fl[]s 9 ! mon?s ( ,may & ,june4 ,! b>k1 :i* is ! "p us$ 9 m$ic9e1 yields by analysis tann91 gallic acid1 res91 gum res91 bitt] extractive1 & mucilage4 ,! dogwood is a p[]ful tonic1 & by _m practition]s has be5 us$ z a sub/itute = ! ,p]uvian b>k4 ,! diseases 9 :i* x has be5 f\nd s]viceable are int]mitt+ & remitt+ fev]s1 dyspepsia1 g5]al debility1 c4 ,x may be giv5 9 sub/ance1 9 doses ( j to ij--9 extract1 f #e to #ae grs4 or 9 infusion or decoction4 ,,creta ,,pr,,p>ata4 ,l4,d4 ,c>bonas ,calcis ,prep>atus4 ,e4 ,prep>$ ,*alk4 ,?is is common *alk1 ! co>s] p>ticles ( :i* h be5 remov$ by ! me*anical op]ation ( wa%+4 ,x consi/s ( c>bonate ( lime1 ) v>i\s e>?y impurities4 ,! ,dubl9 ,ph>macopia directs a *emical process = obta9+ a p]fectly pure c>bonate 7,creta ,prcipitata71 b x appe>s to be an unnecess>y ref9em5t4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x is antacid & absorb5t1 on :i* acc\nt x is useful 9 acidities ( ! prim vi1 & 9 di>rhz1 aft] remov+ all irritat+ matt]s by previ\s evacuation4 7,=m4 #eb47 ,f its absorb5t prop]ties1 x is a good ext]nal application to ulc]s dis*>g+ a ?9 i*or\s matt]4 ,,dose1 grs4 x to ij1 or m4 ,x is almo/ unnecess>y to /ate t x mu/ n be comb9$ ) acidul\s salts2 ,i h h[ev] se5 a =mula = a p[d]1 int5d$ z an a/r+5t1 9 :i* *alk & alum ent]$ z +r$i5ts4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,hydr>gyrum cum creta4 ,l4 ,pulvis cret comp4 ,l4,e4 ,pulv4 ,opiatus4 ,e4 7,f7 ,mi/4 ,cret4 ,l4,e4 ,tro*isci ,c>bonatis ,calcis4 ,e4 ,confectio ,aromatica4 ,l4,e4 7,g7 ,,croci ,,/igmata4 ,l4,e4 7,crocus ,sativus47 ,crocus4 ,d4 ,saffron4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 cakes1 consi/+ ( ! /igmata ( ! fl[]1 closely press$ toge!r4 ,od\r1 sweet1 p5etrat+ & diffusive4 ,ta/e1 w>m & bitt]i%4 ,col\r1 a ri* & deep orange r$4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,"o hundr$ p>ts consi/ ( sixty-two ( extractive1 ! rema9+ p>ts are *iefly ligne\s fibre1 ) small portions ( res9 & ess5tial oil4 ,b\illon ,lagrange & ,vogel h exam9$ ?is extractive matt] v accurately1 & f ! circum/ance ( its wat]y infusion assum+ diff]5t col\rs :5 treat$ ) diff]5t ag5ts1 !y h nam$ x poly*roite4 ,?us *lor9e & light de/roy its col\r1 sulphuric acid *anges x to indigo1 :i* gradually becomes lilac1 & nitric acid gives x a gre5 hue4 ,,solubility4 ,x yields its col\r & active +r$i5ts to wat]1 alcohol1 pro( _s1 w9e1 v9eg>1 & 9 a less degree to !r2 ! wat]y infusion1 & ! v9\s t9cture soon gr[ s\r1 & lose _! prop]ties1 & ! solution 9 v9eg> becomes quickly col\rless4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x is n[ nev] employ$ b = ! sake ( its col\r or aromatic flav\r1 z an adjunct to o!r sub/ances4 ,x is mu* us$ 9 =eign cook]y to col\r rice1 c4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,syrup4 ,croci4 ,l4 ,t9ct4 ,croci sativi4 ,e4 ,confect4 ,aromat4 ,l4,d4 7,o74 ,pil4 ,aloes cum ,myrrha4 ,l4 7,g74 ,t9ct4 ,aloes comp4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,o7 ,t9ct4 ,c9*on comp4 ,l4,d4 ,t9ct4 ,rhei4 ,l4 7,o74 ,t9ct4 ,rhei comp4 ,l4 7,o74 ,,adult]ations4 ,x is n unfrequ5tly sophi/icat$ ) ! fibres ( smok$ beef1 or ! petals ( fl[]s1 especially ( ! m>igold1 7,cal5dula ,(fic9alis17 & ( ! saffl[]1 7,c>?amus ,t9ctorius47 ,! =m] ( ^! fraudul5t +r$i5ts is indicat$ by ! unpleasant od\r :i* arises :5 ! saffron is ?r[n ^u live coals2 ! latt]1 by infus+ ! specim5 9 hot wat]1 :5 ! exp&$ /igmata may be easily di/+ui%$ f ! o!r petals ( sub/itut$ fl[]s2 a defici5cy ( col\r & od\r 9 ! infusion indicates t a t9cture or infusion has already be5 drawn f ! saffron1 & t x has be5 subsequ5tly press$ aga9 into a cake4 ,9 ! m>ket is to be f\nd saffron f ,sicily1 ,france1 & ,spa91 besides ! ,engli%2 t :i* is import$ f ,spa91 is g5]ally spoil$ ) oil1 9 :i* x is dipt ) ! int5tion ( pres]v+ x4 ,! cake saffron sold 9 "s ( ! less respectable %ops1 consi/s ( "o "p ( saffron & n9e ( m>igold1 made into a cake ) oil1 & !n press$2 x is sold 9 consid]able quantities = ! use ( birds1 :5 9 m\lt4 ,,cubeba4#dha ,l4 7,pip] ,cubeba47 ,bacc4 ,cubebs1 or ,java ,pepp]4 ,?is ,indian spice1 a native ( ,java1 =m]ly held a place 9 our mat]ia m$ica1 & ent]$ into ! composition ( mi?ridate & !riaca1 b be+ inf]ior 9 pung5cy & aromatic w>m? to pepp]1 x fell into disuse4 ,lately1 h[ev]1 x has be5 u%]$ into surgical practice = ! cure ( gonorrha1 ) all ! extravagance ( praise :i* usually att5ds ! revival ( an old1 or ! introduction ( a new m$ic9e4#dhb ,x has be5 pron\nc$ to be a specific 9 ?is compla9t1 if tak5 9 ! e>ly /ages1 9 ! dose ( a dess]t-spoonful ?ree times a day1 9 a suffici5t quantity ( wat]4#dhc ,! ,indians h be5 long acqua9t$ ) ! influ5ce :i* cubebs ex]ts ^u ^! organs2 ?us ,g>cias1 8,apud ,indos cubeb>um 9 v9o mac]at>um e/ usus ad exit&am v5]em40 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,m4 ,vauquel9 has lately made a v accurate analysis ( ?is pepp]1 f :i* its composition may be /at$ z foll[s3 #a4 ,a volatile oil1 :i* is ne>ly solid4--#b4 ,a res91 resembl+ ,balsam ( ,copaiba4--#c4 ,ano!r & col\r$ res94--#d4 ,a col\r$ gummy matt]4--#e4 ,an extractive pr9ciple1 simil> to t :i* is f\nd 9 legum9\s plants4--#f4 ,"s sal9e sub/ances4 ,he consid]s ! res9 resembl+ ! ,copaiba1 to be ! peculi> matt] 9 :i* t prop]ty resides1 :i* imp>ts to x ! p[] ( cur+ gonorrha4 ,z ! qualities ( ?is spice d n reside 9 volatile elem5ts1 an extract made ) rectifi$ _s w be f\nd to possess ! :ole ( its virtues4 ,! ,fr5*1 9 _! new ,codex ,m$icam5t>ius1 h introduc$ ! cubebs into _! li/ ( mat]ia m$ica4 ,!re is a precaution1 ) respect to ! exhibition ( ,cubebs1 :i* x is important = ! practition] to rememb]--to keep ! b[els ?or\ghly op52 = :]e h>d5$ fces are all[$ to accumulate1 ! spice ins9uates itself into ! mass1 & produces excoriations 9 ! rectum4 ,,adult]ations4 ,! 8,turkey ,yell[ ,b]ries10 i4 e4 ! dri$ fruit ( ! ,rhamnus ,ca?>ticus1 are (t5 sub/itut$ = ! ,cubebs1 & ! simil>ity betwe5 !m is s great1 t ! casual obs]v] may be easily deceiv$4 ,,cum9i#dhd ,,sem9a4 ,l4 ,cum9 ,se$s4 ,,qualities4 ,od\r1 /rong1 heavy1 & peculi>2 ,ta/e1 bitt]i% & w>m4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,gum1 res91 & a yell[ pung5t oil1 ^u :i* ! peculi> prop]ties ( ! se$s dep5d4 ,,solubility4 ,wat] does n extract m ?an _! od\r1 b alcohol dissolves all ! pr9ciples 9 :i* _! virtues reside1 & leaves ^u evaporation a p[]ful extract4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,c>m9ative & /oma*ic2 !y are h[ev] b r>ely us$1 except z an +r$i5t 9 pla/]s4 ,,cupri ,,sulphas4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,sulphate ( ,copp]4 vulgo ,blue ,vitriol4 ,blue ,copp]as4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 cry/als1 :i* are rhomboidal prisms4 ,col\r1 a deep ri* blue4 ,ta/e1 h>%1 acrid1 & /yptic2 !y slightly effloresce2 :5 treat$ ) sulphuric acid1 no eff]vesc5ce occurs1 a circum/ance :i* at once di/+ui%es ?is salt f rugo4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,accord+ to ! late/ exp]im5ts1 x is an oxy-sulphate1 consi/+ ( "o proportional ( p]oxide ) two proportionals ( sulphuric acid1 & :5 cry/alliz$1 x conta9s t5 proportionals ( wat]2 its beautiful col\r dep5ds on ?is la/ +r$i5t4 ,,solubility4 ,x is soluble 9 f\r p>ts ( wat] at #fj1 & 9 less ?an two at #bab2 ! solution %ews an excess ( acid by r$d5+ litmus4 ,9 alcohol x is insoluble4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,alkalies & _! c>bonates2 sub-borate ( soda2 acetate ( ammonia2 t>trate ( potass2 muriate ( lime2 nitrate ( silv]2 sub-acetate1 & acetate ( lead2 oxy-muriate ( m]cury2 all a/r+5t vegetable infusions & t9ctures4 ,iron imm]s$ 9 ! solution1 precipitates copp] 9 a metallic =m2 h5ce ! exhibition ( ! fil+s ( iron has be5 propos$ z an antidote4#dhe ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,x is emetic f grs4 ij to xv4 tonic gr4 #a_/d2 x is1 h[ev]1 b r>ely us$ int]nally except z an emetic2 ext]nally x is employ$ z an es*>otic2 &1 9 solution1 z a /imulant to f\l ob/9ate ulc]s4#dhg ,9 ! proportion ( half a dra*m to eight ounces ( rose wat]1 x =ms a lotion :i* has be5 f\nd v efficaci\s 9 phag$5ic ulc]s ( ! face1 & 9 allay+ it*+ :5 att5d$ ) erysipelat\s inflammation ab\t ! anus & labia pud5di4 ,x is also a /yptic :5 appli$ 9 solution4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ation4 ,solut4 ,cupri ,sulphat4 com4 ,e4 ,cuprum ,ammoniatum ,l4,e4,d4 7,i7 7,=m4 #fh47 ,,cuprum ,,ammoniatum4 ,l4,d ,ammoni>etum ,cupri4 ,e4 ,ammoniat$ ,copp]4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 a violet col\r$ mass1 :i* on exposure to air becomes gre51 & is probably conv]t$ into a c>bonate4 ,ta/e1 /yptic & metall9e4 ,od\r1 ammoniacal4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x is a triple salt1 a sub-sulphate ( oxide ( copp]1 & ammonia4 ,! ,ed9burgh ,college is c]ta9ly incorrect 9 call+ x an ammoniuret4 ,,solubility1 fj2 ( wat] dissolves j ( ?is salt4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances2 ,acids2 ! fix$ ,alkalies2 ,lime wat]4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,x is tonic & antispasmodic4 ,dr4 ,cull5 fir/ propos$ its exhibition 9 epilepsy1 & x has frequ5tly be5 employ$ ) evid5t advantage 9 t disease4 ,x has be5 also giv5 9 *orea1 aft] a c\rse ( purgatives4 ,br]a consid]s x q equal to ,ars5ic1 9 ! cure ( ob/9ate ,int]mitt5ts2 o!r physicians h comm5d$ x 9 cases ( ,hy/]ia4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,x may be =m$ into pills ) bread2 to :i* an addition ( sug> has be5 recomm5d$1 to prev5t !m f becom+ h>d2 b we mu/ rememb] t rec5t exp]im5ts h %ewn t sug> has ! p[] ( c\nt]act+ ! op]ation ( copp]4 ,dose1 gr4 #a_/d cauti\sly encreas$ to grs4 v4 twice a day4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,liquor ,cupri ,ammoniati4 ,l4 ,,cusp>i ,,cortex4 ,l4 7,cusp>ia febrifuga47 ,,bonpl&i ,,trifoliat ,,cortex4 ,e4 ,,angu/ura1 ,,cortex4 ,d4 ,cusp>ia1 or ,angu/ura ,b>k4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 pieces cov]$ ) a :iti% wr9kl$ ?9 epid]mis2 ! inn] surface is smoo?1 ( a br[ni% yell[ col\r4 ,od\r1 n /rong1 b peculi>4 ,ta/e1 bitt]1 slightly aromatic1 & p]man5t4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,c9*onia1 res91 extractive1 c>bonate ( ammonia1 & ess5tial oil4 ,,solubility4 ,its active matt] is tak5 up by cold & hot wat]1 & is n injur$ by long decoction1 b ! addition ( alcohol precipitates "p ( ! extractive4 ,alcohol dissolves its bitt] & aromatic p>ts1 b pro( _s appe>s to be its mo/ complete m5/ruum4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,sulphate ( ,iron2 ,sulphate ( ,copp]2 ,oxy-muriate ( ,m]cury2 ,nitrate ( ,silv]2 ,t>t>iz$ ,antimony2 ,sub-acetate1 & ,acetate ( ,lead2 ,potass2 & p]haps ! ,m9]al ,acids1 = !y produce precipitates1 z d also ! infusions ( ,galls1 & ,yell[ ,c9*ona4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,/imulant & tonic2 x does n1 l c9*ona1 oppress ! /oma*1 b imp>ts a degree ( w>m?1 expels flatus1 & increases ! appetite = food3 ) respect to its p[]s 9 ! cure ( int]mitt5ts1 _m d\bts are ent]ta9$4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,9 sub/ance1 infusion1 decoction1 t9cture1 or extract2 its nause\s ta/e is be/ disguis$ by c9namon4 ,,dose ( ! p[d]1 grs4 v4 to j2 ( ! infusion or decoction1 fj2 9 l>ge doses all ! =ms are liable to produce nausea4 ,=m4 #eh4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,infusum ,cusp>i4 ,l4 ,t9ct4 ,bonpl&i ,trifoliat4 ,e4 ,t9ct4 ,angu/ur4 ,d4 ,,adult]ations4 ,!re is f\nd 9 ! m>ket a p>ticul> b>k1 :i* has be5 call$ ,,f9e ,,angu/ura1 b :i* is ( a diff]5t species1 & is a v en]getic poison4 ,?is b>k is *>act]iz$ by hav+ its epid]mis cov]$ ) a matt] :i* has ! appe>ance ( ru/ ( iron1 & :i*1 moreov]1 possesses c]ta9 *emical prop]ties ( ?is metal2 = if wat] acidulat$ ) muriatic acid be agitat$ 9 contact ) its p[d]1 x assumes a beautiful gre5 col\r1 & af=ds ) an alkal9e prussiate1 7,hydro-cyanate ( ,potass7 a ,prussian blue precipitate4 ,late rese>*es h detect$ ! pres5ce ( an alkal9e elem5t 9 ?is b>k1 on :i* ! "n ( ,brucia has be5 be/[$4 ,:5 ?is alkali is dissolv$ 9 boil+ alcohol1 & cry/alliz$ by spontane\s evaporation1 x yields col\rless & transp>5t cry/als 9 ! =m ( oblique quadrangul> prisms4 ,,datur ,,/ramonii ,,h]ba4 ,e4,d4 ,! ,h]bace\s "p ( ! ,?orn ,apple4 ,,qualities4 ,od\r1 ftid & n>cotic1 occasion+ head-a*e & /upor2 ,ta/e1 bitt] & some:at nause\s4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,gum1 res91 & c>bonate ( ammonia2 ! rec5t exp]im5ts ( ,m4 ,br&es h also develop$ an alkal9e elem5t ( activity1 to :i* ! "n ( ,daturia has be5 assign$2 x appe>s to exi/ 9 native comb9ation ) malic acid2 :5 9 an uncomb9$ /ate x is ne>ly insoluble 9 wat]1 & 9 cold alcohol1 b boil+ alcohol dissolves x4 ,x has be5 obta9$ ) difficulty 9 ! =m ( quadrangul> prisms4 ,,solubility4 ,! m$ic9al p[]s ( ! h]b are alike extract$ by aque\s & spiritu\s m5/rua4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,! infusion is precipitat$ by ! salts ( lead1 silv]1 m]cury1 & iron2 ! m9]al acids w\ld also appe> to produce "s ess5tial *anges :i* may dim9i% its efficacy4 ,acetic acid increases its p[]s1 al?\gh x relieves ! effects ( an ov]dose1 if adm9i/]$ aft] ! /oma* has be5 empti$4 ,?is app>5t anomaly is easily expla9$ :5 we consid]1 t 9 ! fir/ case its op]ation is purely *emical1 increas+ ! solubility ( ! active pr9ciple ( ! plant1 :ile 9 ! latt] case x op]ates z a vital ag5t1 re/or+ to ! n]v\s sy/em t en]gy :i* has be5 susp5d$ by ! n>cotic influ5ce ( ! vegetable4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,x is n>cotic1 & has be5 reg>d$ by _m au?ors z em95tly antispasmodic2 ,dr4 ,b>ton1 an ,am]ican physician1 made v ext5sive trials ( its efficacy 9 ,mania1 ! result ( :i* is highly fav\rable to its use4 ,dr4 ,m>cet fir/ notic$ its salut>y effects 9 *ronic diseases att5d$ ) viol5t pa92 he f\nd x to less5 p[]fully1 & quickly1 s5sibility & pa91 & to produce a sort ( n]v\s %ock1 att5d$ ) a mom5t>y affection ( ! head & eyes1 ) a degree ( nausea1 & ) ph5om5a resembl+ ^? :i* are produc$ by intoxication4 ,x seems to be m p>ticul>ly b5eficial 9 *ronic rheumatism1 sciatica1 c4 ,its root1 smok$ 9 ! mann] ( tobacco1 has be5 mu* extoll$ z a rem$y 9 ! p>oxysms ( spasmodic a/hma2 ?is practice h[ev]1 is n unatt5d$ ) dang]2#dhh ! same transi5t feel+s ( relief may be procur$ by smok+ a mixture ( opium & any aromatic h]b4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,"s discrepancy ( op9ion has exi/$ ^u ?is po9t2 ! native practition]s 9 ! ,c>natic gave ! p[d]$ root2 ,hufel& recomm5ds a t9cture ( ! :ole plant2 9 ?is c\ntry an extract ( ! leaves1 or1 m lately1 ( ! se$s1 has be5 pref]r$1 & ,i h be5 rec5tly in=m$ by ,sir ,h5ry ,hal=d1 t he has f\nd a t9cture made ) ! se$s1#dhi a v effici5t & unobjectionable prep>ation4 ,dr4 ,davy1 at my reque/1 has made a s]ies ( exp]im5ts ^u ! extracts prep>$ by ,mr4 ,b>ry 9 vacuo1 & 8 report ^u ! effects ( t ( ,/ramonium1 w be f\nd "u ! article ,extract4 ,/ramonii1 :i* see4 ,,dose4 ,9 ! comm5cem5t1 ( ! leaves p[d]$ gr4 i4 ( ! se$s gr4 ss4 ,x is said t ! ,turks sometimes use ! ,/ramonium in/ead ( ,opium1 & ! ,*9ese infuse ! se$s 9 be]4 ,cataplasms ( ! fre% bruis$ leaves h be5 v successfully us$ 9 sores ( a highly irritable & pa9ful nature4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ation4 ,extract4 ,/ramonii4 ,,decocta4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,decoctions4 ,^! are solutions ( ! active pr9ciples ( vegetables obta9$ by boil+ !m 9 wat]4 ,to decide ^u ! exp$i5cy ( ?is =m ( prep>ation1 9 ea* p>ticul> case1 requires a k ( ! *emical composition ( ! sub/ance 9 "q4 ,9 conduct+ ! op]ation1 ! foll[+ rules mu/ be obs]v$4 #a4 ,^? sub/ances only %\ld be decoct$1 ^: m$ic9al p[]s reside 9 pr9ciples :i* are soluble 9 wat]4 #b4 ,if ! active pr9ciple be volatile1 decoction mu/ be an injuri\s process2 &1 if x consi/ ( extractive matt]1 long boil+1 by fav\r+ its oxidizem5t1 w r5d] x insipid1 insoluble1 & in]t4 #c4 ,! sub/ances to be decoct$ %\ld be previ\sly bruis$1 or slic$1 s z to expose an ext5d$ surface to ! action ( ! wat]4 #d4 ,! sub/ances %\ld be completely cov]$ ) wat]1 & ! vessel slightly clos$1 9 ord] to prev5t1 z mu* z possible1 ! access ( air3 ! boil+ %\ld be cont9u$ )\t int]ruption1 & g5tly4 #e4 ,9 comp\nd decoctions1 x is sometimes conv5i5t n to put 9 all ! +r$i5ts f ! beg9n+1 b 9 succession1 accord+ to _! h>dness1 & ! difficulty ) :i* _! virtues are extract$2 & if any aromatic1 or o!r sub/ances conta9+ volatile pr9ciples1 or oxidizable matt]1 ent] into ! composition1 ! boil+ decoction %\ld be simply p\r$ ^u !m1 & cov]$ up until cold4 #f4 ,! relative proportions ( diff]5t vegetable sub/ances to ! wat]1 mu/ be regulat$ by _! nature2 ! foll[+ g5]al rule may be admitt$2 ( roots1 b>ks1 or dri$ woods1 f ij to vj to e p9t ( wat]2 ( h]bs1 leaves1 or fl[]s1 half t quantity w suffice4 #g4 ,! decoction ought to be filt]$ ?r\gh l951 :ile hot1 z important portions ( ! dissolv$ matt] are frequ5tly deposit$ on cool+2 c>e mu/ be also tak5 t ! filtre is n too f9e1 = x frequ5tly happ5s1 t ! virtues ( a decoction dep5d ^u ! pres5ce ( p>ticles :i* are susp5d$ 9 a m9utely divid$ /ate4 #h4 ,a decoction %\ld be prep>$ 9 small quantities only1 & nev] employ$1 especially 9 summ]1 =ty-eight h\rs aft] x has be5 made4 ,x %\ld be consid]$ z an extemporane\s prep>ation1 b introduc$ into ! ph>macopia = ! purpose ( conv5i5ce1 & = ! sake ( abridg+ ! lab\r ( ! physician4 ,x is v important t ! wat] employ$ = mak+ decoctions1 %\ld be free f t quality :i* is d5om9at$ h>dness4 ,! (fic9al decoctions may be class$ into simple & comp\nd prep>ations4 #a4 ,simple4 ,,decoctum ,,c9*on4 ,see ,c9*ona1 & ,=m3 #da1 #db1 #abg4 ,! codex ( ,p>is directs a decoction ( b>k1 8,decoctum ,k9 ,k910 :i* is only half ! /r5g? ( ours1 b conta9s an addition ( a small quantity ( c>bonate ( potass4 ,,decoctum ,,cydoni4 ,! inn] coats ( ! se$s ( ! ,qu9ce 7,pyrus ,cydonia7 yield a v l>ge proportion ( mucilage1 b z hot wat] extracts f !m also fecula & o!r pr9ciples1 ! decoction v soon decomposes4 ,x has be5 /rongly recomm5d$ z an application to erysipelat\s surfaces2 & x w\ld seem to be peculi>ly adapt$ = su* a purpose1 s9ce x is n s easily wa%$ away f ! "p to :i* x is appli$1 z ord9>y mucilage2 = ! same reason x has be5 pref]r$ z an +r$i5t 9 injections1 g>gles1 c4 ,x is /at$ by "s practition]s to be a v useful application1 :5 unit$ ) ! acetate ( lead1 9 cases ( acute oph?almia2 su* a comb9ation1 h[ev]1 is extremely un*emical1 & mu/ invalidate ! p[]s ( ! o!r +r$i5ts4 ,! native practition]s ( ,india employ x z a cool+ mucilag9\s dr9k 9 gonorrha4 ,an ounce ( bruis$ ,qu9ce se$ w make ?ree p9ts ( wat] z ?ick & ropy z ! :ite ( an egg2 h5ce two dra*ms1 ! quantity direct$ by ! ,college1 is amply suffici5t = a p9t ( ! decoction4 ,x is coagulat$ by alcohol1 acids1 & metallic salts4 ,,decoctum ,,digitalis4 ,d4 ,?is is a v improp] =m = ! exhibition ( digitalis1 be+ v>iable 9 /r5g?4 ,,decoctum ,,dulcam>4 ,l4 ,9 mak+ ?is decoction we mu/ take c>e t ! op]ation ( boil+ is n cont9u$ too long4 ,see ,dulcam> ,caules4 ,,dose f fss to fj4 ,,decoctum ,,li*5is4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,9 ?is prep>ation we h ! bitt] pr9ciple ( ! plant unit$ ) its fecula4 ,a portion ( ! =m] may be remov$ by mac]at+ ! li*51 & reject+ ! fir/ wat]4 ,if j ( ! mass be boil$ = a qu>t] ( an h\r 9 fvj ( wat]1 we %all obta9 mucilage ( a consi/5ce simil> to t compos$ ( "o "p ( gum arabic & ?ree ( wat]4 ,its exhibition requires ! same precaution z t ( ,mucilago ,acaci4 ,f ! l>ge proportion ( fecula :i* ?is moss conta9s1 x is p]haps z nutritive z any vegetable sub/ance1 ! ,c]ealia ( c\rse except$4 ,see ,li*5 ,isl&4 ,,dose1 a w9e glass full occasionally4 ,,decoctum ,,papav]is4 ,l4 ,9 mak+ ?is decoction ! :ole ( ! capsule %\ld be bruis$1 9 ord] to obta9 its mucilage & anodyne pr9ciple2 ! se$s %\ld be also reta9$1 z !y yield a portion ( bl& oil :i* increases ! emolli5t quality ( ! decoction4 ,a l>ge quantity ( fix$ oil is con/antly 9 ! m>ket1 :i* is d]iv$ f ! se$s ( ! poppy4 ,?is decoction is a useful fom5tation 9 pa9ful swell+s1 c4 ,,decoctum ,,qu]cus4 ,l4,e4 ,decoction is ! usual =m 9 :i* ,oak ,b>k is exhibit$1 s9ce all its active pr9ciples are soluble 9 wat]4 ,its a/r+5t virtues dep5d ^u gallic acid1 tann91 & extractive4 ,! decoction is di/urb$ by ! foll[+ sub/ances2 ! infusion ( yell[ c9*ona2 sub-acetate & acetate ( lead2 solutions ( is+lass2 ! prep>ations ( iron2 oxy-muriate ( m]cury2 & sulphate ( z9c2 all alkal9e sub/ances de/roy its a/r+5cy1 & are consequ5tly incompatible ) x4 ,x is pr9cipally useful z a local a/r+5t1 9 ! =ms ( g>gle1 injection1 or lotion4 ,its int]nal exhibition 9 ob/9ate di>rhz1 & alv9e hemorrhages1 has also prov$ highly b5eficial4 ,see ,=m3 #ea1 #fa4 ,,dose1 fss to fj4 ,dr4 ,eb]le /ates t 9 ! ,int]mitt5ts ( v "y *ildr51 he has 9 "s cases us$ ?is decoction z a ba? ) efficacy4 ,,decoctum ,,s>sap>ill4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,see ,s>sap>illa4 ,9 mak+ ?is decoction1 x is r>ely prop]ly dige/$ or boil$ = a suffici5t l5g? ( "t to extract its virtues4 ,! only salts :i* occasion precipitates 9 ?is decoction are1 nitrate ( m]cury & acetate ( lead2 lime wat] has ! same effect4 ,,dose1 fiv to fvj4 ,,decoctum ,,v]atri4 ,/imulant & acrid2 int]nally1 x is ca?>tic1 b too viol5t to be safely exhibit$2 x is useful z a lotion 9 scabies1 & o!r cutane\s eruptions4 #b4 ,comp\nd ,decoctions4 ,,decoctum ,,aloes ,,compositum4 ,x resembles ! well kn[n ,beaume de vie1 al?\gh less purgative1 & is a sci5tific prep>ation1 con/ruct$ ^u ! true pr9ciples ( m$ic9al comb9ation4 ,aloes is ! base1 to :i* are add$1 #a/1 sub-c>bonate ( potass1 #bndly1 p[d]$ myrrh1 #c;dly1 extract ( liquorice1 #d?ly1 saffron1 & aft] ! decoction is made1 #e?ly1 comp\nd t9cture ( c>damoms4 ,by ! #a/ +r$i5t ! aloes is r5d]$ m soluble2 ! #b;d & #c;d susp5d ! portion n dissolv$1 & at ! same "t disguise its bitt]ness2 ! #d? imp>ts an aromatic flav\r1 & ! #e? n only r5d]s x m grateful to ! /oma*1 b prev5ts any spontane\s decomposition f tak+ place4 ,its ta/e is improv$ by keep+4 ,x is a w>m1 g5tle ca?>tic4 ,=m3 #hj4 ,,dose1 fss to fj4 ,its op]ation is diff]5t f t ( simple aloes4 ,see ,aloes4 ,! foll[+ sub/ances are incompatible ) x2 /rong acids1 oxy-muriate ( m]cury2 t>t>iz$ antimony2 sulphate ( z9c2 & acetate ( lead2 & ^? salts :i* are decompos$ by sub-c>bonate ( potass4 ,,decoctum ,,guaiaci ,,compositum4 ,e4 ,commonly call$ ,decoction ( woods4 ,?is decoction has fall5 into disuse1 & des]v$ly1 = x c possess b little p[]1 except1 z a dilu5t1 or demulc5t2 ! wat] takes up f ! guaiacum only a small portion ( extractive matt]1 & ! virtues ( sassafras1 if any1 mu/ be dissipat$4 ,,dose1 fss to fj4 ,,decoctum ,,hordei ,,compositum4#dij ,an elegant & useful demulc5t1 ) an ap]i5t t5d5cy4 ,,decoctum ,,s>sap>ill ,,compositum4 ,l4,d4 ,?is decoction1 :i* is an imitation ( ! once celebrat$ ,lisbon ,diet ,dr9k1#dia diff]s mat]ially f ! ,decoct3 ,guaiaci comp3 f ! addition ( ! mez]eon root1 :i* r5d]s x diaphoretic & alt]ative1 & useful 9 ! treatm5t ( second>y syphilis1 & *ronic rheumatism4 ,,dose1 f fiv to fvj ?ree or f\r times a day4 ,,digitalis ,,folia4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,digitalis ,purpurea47 ,foxglove4 ,,qualities4 ,! leaves1 :5 prop]ly dri$1 h a slight n>cotic od\r1 & a bitt] nause\s ta/e1 & :5 r$uc$ to p[d]1 a beautiful gre5 col\r4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,extractive matt]1 & a gre5 res91 9 bo? ( :i* ! n>cotic prop]ties reside2 !y appe> also to conta9 ammonia1 & "s o!r salts4#dib ,,solubility4 ,bo? wat] & alcohol extract _! virtues1 b decoction injures !m4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,see ,infusum ,digitalis4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,x is directly s$ative1 al?\gh "s ma9ta9 ! contr>y op9ion1 dim9i%+ ! frequ5cy ( ! pulse1 & ! g5]al irritability ( ! sy/em1 & increas+ ! action ( ! absorb5ts1 & ! dis*>ge by ur9e4 ,! effects appe> to be 9 a great degree connect$ ) its s5sible influ5ce ^u ! body1 :i* is indicat$ by feel+s ( slight nausea & languor2 accord+ly1 e attempt to prev5t ^! unpleasant effects1 or to correct ! op]ation ( digitalis1 by comb9+ x ) aromatic1 or /imulant m$ic9es1 seems to be fatal to ! diuretic p[]s ( ! rem$y4 ,dr4 ,blackall1 9 8 8,obs]vations ^u ! cure ( ,dropsies10 has (f]$ "s rem>ks :i* be> ^u ?is po9t1 & to :i* ,i h be=e ref]r$4 ,see page #if #aej4 ,sev]al ( ! =mul introduc$ "u ! class ( diuretics are comb9ations support$ by high au?ority1 b x is d\btful :e!r _! adoption c be sanction$ ^u pr9ciple2 !y are h[ev] well calculat$ to illu/rate ! nature ( diuretic comp\nds1 & ?is is ! only purpose = :i* !y 7 select$4 ,see ,=m3 #ajc4 ,! ,fr5* h introduc$ 9 _! new ,codex1 an e!real t9cture1 ,t9ctura !rea ,digitalis purpure1 9 :i* ! s$ative influ5ce ( ! plant mu/ be entirely ov]:elm$ by ! /imulant prop]ties ( ! m5/ruum4 ,"u ! head ( ,diuretics1 ,i h s fully consid]$ ! value ( diuretic comb9ations1 & ! modus op]&i ( ,digitalis1 t x is unnecess>y to dwell ^u ! subject 9 ?is place4 ,digitalis has consid]able influ5ce ov] ! action ( ! he>t2 & 9 c]ta9 diseases1 att5d$ ) inord9ate motions ( t organ1 x proves em95tly s]viceable2 ,i h employ$ x ) great satisfaction 9 cases ( palpitation connect$ ) a /ate ( g5]al irritability1 s frequ5tly occurr+ 9 female disord]s2 & accord+ to my obs]vations :]e x succe$s1 opium g5]ally does h>m4 ,=m3 #cb4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,9 sub/ance1 t9cture1 or infusion2 ! latt] =m is mo/ effici5t z a diuretic4 ,,dose ( ! p[d]$ leaves gr4 j1 9 a pill1 twice a day2 ! augm5tation ( ! dose %\ld proce$ at ! rate ( "o-f\r? ( ! orig9al quantity1 e second day1 until its op]ation becomes app>5t1 ei!r on ! kidneys1 or on ! con/itution g5]ally4 ,if x produce su* a di/urbance 9 ! prim vi z to occasion vomit+ or purg+1 its diuretic p[]s w be lo/2 9 su* a case ! addition ( a small portion ( opium1 or opiate confection1 may be exp$i5t4 ,! di/ress+ effects ( an ov]dose are be/ c\nt]act$ by t9cture ( opium 9 br&y & wat]1 & by ! application ( a bli/] to ! pit ( ! /oma*4 ,a ,london ,surgeon has lately /at$ t he has prescrib$ ! t9cture ( ,digitalis1 9 ! dose ( tw5ty-five drops1 ?ree times a day1 9 b>ley-wat]1 ) great success 9 ,gonorrha4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,infus3 ,digitalis4 ,l4,e4 ,t9ct3 ,digital3 ,l4,e4,d4 ,decoct3 ,digitalis3 ,d4 ,x is v important t ! leaves ( ?is plant be prop]ly collect$1 & accurately pres]v$2 !y %\ld be ga!r$ :5 ! plant is beg9n+ to fl[]1 &1 z x is bi5nial1 9 ! second ye> ( its gr[?2 ! l>ge/ & deepe/ col\r$ fl[]s %\ld be also select$1 = !y are ! mo/ p[]ful2 !y %\ld be also c>efully dri$ until !y become crisp1 or !y w lose mu* ( _! virtue2 ! too common me?od ( ty+ !m 9 bundles1 & hang+ !m up to dry1 %\ld be avoid$1 = a f]m5tation is produc$ by su* means1 & ! p>ts lea/ expos$ soon become rott54 ,! p[d]$ leaves ought to be pres]v$ 9 opaque bottles1 & kept f ! action ( light z well z ( air & moi/ure2 a damp atmosph]e has1 ^u a pr9ciple already expla9$1 a v injuri\s op]ation1 by c>ry+ (f ^? fa9t poison\s effluvia ) :i* its efficacy seems to be ultimately connect$4 ,,dulcam> ,,caules4 ,l4,d4 7,solanum ,dulcam>a47 ,! ,twigs ( ,woody ,night%ade1 or ,bitt]-sweet4 ,! virtues ( ?is plant are extract$ by boil+ wat]1 b long coction de/roys !m2 ! usual & be/ =m 9 :i* x c be adm9i/]$ is t ( decoction or infusion4 ,?is plant is mu* m appreciat$ on ! cont95t ?an 9 ?is c\ntry2 we r>ely use x except 9 cutane\s affections2 ,pr(essor ,ri*t] ( ,gott+5 /ates t he has employ$ x 9 ,ph?isis ,pituitosa ) v extraord9>y success2 & ,sir ,a4 ,cri*ton says t 9 ! few cases ( *ronic tub]cul> ,ph?isis 9 :i* he has giv5 x1 x appe>$ to increase ! p[]s ( ! ,s>sap>illa ) :i* x 0 usually comb9$4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep3 ,decoct3 ,dulcam3 ,l4 ,,elat]ii ,,pepones4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,momordica ,elat]ium47 ,wild1 or ,squirt+ ,cucumb]4 ,?is plant appe>s f ! te/imony ( ,dioscorides & o!r writ]s1 to h be5 employ$ by ! anci5t physicians ) mu* confid5ce & success4 ,all ! p>ts ( ! plants 7 consid]$ z purgative1 al?\gh n 9 an equal degree2 ?us ,ge(froy1 8radicum vis ca?>tica major e/ quam foliorum1 m9or v]o quam fructuum40 ,?is "q has v lately be5 set at re/ by ! judici\s exp]im5ts ( ,dr4 ,clutt]buck1#dic :i* prove t ! active pr9ciple ( ?is plant resides m p>ticul>ly 9 ! juice :i* is lodg$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! fruit1 & :i* spontane\sly subsides f x2 :5 ?is sub/ance is fre$ f extrane\s matt]1 x possesses v en]getic p[]s1 & appe>s to me to be entitl$ to consid]ation z a di/9ct proximate pr9ciple1 :i* ,i %all v5ture to call ,elat94 ,see ,extractum ,elat]ii4 ,,elemi4 ,l4,d4 7,amyris ,elemif]a4 ,res9a47 ,elemi4 ,?is sub/ance is :at is g5]ally t]m$ a gum-res92 t is1 a comp\nd consi/+ ( gum1 res91 & volatile oil3 late rese>*es h[ev] seem to %ew t ^! bodies are comp\nds ( a peculi> "*1 consi/+ ( a volatile sub/ance1 some?+ betwe5 ess5tial oil & a con/itu5t :i* possesses ! prop]ties ( extractive r ?an ^? ( gum4 ,true ,elemi has a fragrant aromatic od\r1 n unlike t ( f5nel-se$s1 b m pot5t4 ,sp4 gr4 #ajahb4 ,:5 p[d]$ x mixes ) any ungu5t2 x also comb9es ) balsams & oils1 & by ! aid ( heat1 ) turp5t9e4 ,,uses4 ,x is only employ$ = =m+ ! mild dige/ive o9tm5t :i* be>s its "n1 viz4 ,ungu5t3 ,elemi comp3 ,l4,d4 ,,empla/ra4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,pla/]s4 ,! pr9ciples ^u :i* ?is =m ( prep>ation is to be con/ruct$ are fully detail$ at p4 #bjg4 ,,empla/rum ,,ammoniaci4 ,l4 ,ammoniacum r$uc$ to a suitable consi/5ce by di/ill$ v9eg>4 ,x adh]es to ! sk9 )\t irritat+ x1 & )\t be+ att5d$ ) any unpleasant smell4#did ,!re is a peculi> disease ( ! knee1 to :i* s]vant maids1 :o sc\r floors ^u _! knees1 are liable1 & = :i* ?is pla/] is a specific4 ,i h also f\nd x p>ticul>ly eligible 9 cases ( delicate wom5 ) irritable sk9s4 ,,empla/rum ,,ammoniaci ,,cum ,,hydr>gyro4 ,l4,d4 ,! m]cury 9 ?is pla/] is 9 ! /ate ( oxidation ad m9imum4 ,x is discuti5t & resolv5t1 & is applicable to indurat$ gl&s1 & v5]eal nodes1 & = remov+ indurations ( ! p]io/eum1 rema9+ aft] a c\rse ( m]cury2 ! addition ( ! ammoniacum increases ! /imulat+ & discuti5t p[]s ( ! m]cury1 :i* gives ?is pla/] a sup]iority ov] ! ,empla/rum ,hydr>gyri4 ,x is also p[]fully adhesive4 ,,empla/rum ,,assaf,,tid4 ,e4 ,empla/4 ,plumbi & ,assaftida1 ( ea* two p>ts1 galbanum & yell[ wax1 ( ea* "o "p4 ,i h se5 x useful 9 flatul5t *olic1 :5 appli$ ov] ! umbilical region4 ,,empla/rum ,,can?>idis4 ,l4 ,empla/3 ,can?>idis vesicatori4 ,e4,d4 ,a v>iety ( sub/ances has 9 diff]5t times be5 employ$ = produc+ vesication1 b no "o has be5 f\nd to answ] ) s mu* c]ta9ty & mildness z ! ,lytt4 ,all ! o!rs are apt to leave ill condition$ ulc]s3 true x is1 t ! empla/rum lytt w occasionally fail1 b ?is is g5]ally attributable to "s inatt5tion1 or want ( caution on ! "p ( ! p]son :o prep>es x2 9 spread+ x1 ! spatula %\ld nev] be heat$ beyond ! degree ( boil+ wat]2 ! pla/] also %\ld be suffici5tly secur$ on ! "p by slips ( adhesive pla/]1 b x ought n to be b\nd on too tight2 :]e ! cuticle is ?ick1 ! application ( a p\ltice = an h\r1 previ\s to t ( ! bli/]1 w be useful1 or ! "p may be wa%$ ) v9eg>4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! absorption ( ! active pr9ciple ( ! ,lytt1 bli/]s are apt to occasion /rangury & bloody ur9e2 x has be5 a problem !re=e ( "s importance to discov] a plan by :i* su* an absorption may be obviat$1 = ?is purpose1 camphor has be5 recomm5d$ to be mix$ ) ! bli/]+ composition1 & a piece ( ?9 gauze has be5 int]pos$ betwe5 ! pla/] & ! sk92 b x has be5 lately f\nd1 t ebullition 9 wat] deprives ! ,can?>ides ( all p[] ( ?us act+ on ! kidneys1 )\t 9 ! lea/ dim9i%+ _! vesicatory prop]ties3 ! ord9>y "t requir$ = ! full action ( a bli/] is t5 or twelve h\rs1 b if x be appli$ to ! head1 d\ble t p]iod w be necess>y4 ,*ildr51 ow+ to delicacy ( sk91 are m spe$ily bli/]$1 ! epispa/ic may !re=e be remov$ e>li]4 ,9 "s cases ! bli/]$ p>ts1 in/ead ( heal+ k9dly1 become a spread+ sore2 :5ev] ?is occurs1 p\ltices are ! be/ applications2 x may arise f a peculi> irritability ( ! con/itution1 al?\gh ,i appreh5d t x n unfrequ5tly dep5ds ^u ! sophi/ication ( ! pla/] ) euphorbium4 ,9 cases :]e x is desirable to keep up ! local irritation1 x is /ill a "q ) "s practition]s :e!r x be m advisable to enc\rage a dis*>ge f ! vesicat$ "p by "s appropriate /imulant1 or to r5ew ! vesication at %ort int]vals by repeat$ bli/]s2 ! latt] mode is p]haps to be pref]r$1 z be+ m effectual1 & c]ta9ly less tr\blesome to ! pati5t3 x has moreov] be5 /at$1#die t by a repeat$ application ( ?is nature1 ! influ5ce excit$ appe>s to ext5d mu* deep]1 s z to d]ive a great] quantity ( blood f ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( ! vessels1 or f ! vessels !mselves :i* are 9 a /ate ( disease1 ?an ! influ5ce excit$ by an application less /imulat+ ^u ! surface ( a "p already abrad$4 ,! "* ( ! dis*>ge w\ld likewise appe> ess5tially diff]5t2 x be+ 9 ! latt] ca/ a purul5t secretion f ! sup]ficial exhalants ( ! surface only2 9 ! =m]1 a copi\s effusion ( s]um1 mix$ ) a l>ge portion ( lymph1 produc$ f a deep] ord] ( vessels4 ,,empla/rum ,,c]4 ,l4 ,empla/3 ,simplex4 ,e4 ,?is is ! ,empla/3 ,c] ( ,p4,l4 #aghg1 ! ,empla/3 ,attrah5s ( #agde1 s call$ because x 0 =m]ly employ$ to keep up a dis*>ge f a bli/]$ surface1 & ! ,empla/rum de melilolo simplex ( #agbj4 ,,empla/rum ,,cum9i4 ,l4 ,a valuable comb9ation ( w>m & /imulant +r$i5ts4 ,,empla/rum ,,galbani ,,compositum4 ,l4,d4 ,empla/3 ,gummos4 ,e4 ,m p[]ful ?an ! prec$+ pla/]4 ,9 indol5t gl&ul> enl>gem5ts ( a /rum\s "*1 9 fix$ & long cont9u$ pa9s 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! jo9ts1 or 9 anomal\s or ar?ritic pa9s ( ! ligam5ts1 ?is pla/] is said to be frequ5tly b5eficial4 ,,empla/rum ,,hydr>gyri4 ,l4,e4 ,! m]cury 9 ?is pla/] is 9 ! /ate ( oxidation ad m9imum2 ea* dra*m conta9+ ab\t fifte5 gra9s ( m]cury1 7sixte5 gra9s1 ,ed9b47 ,x is alt]ative1 discuti5t1 & sometimes sialogogue2 b x is inf]ior to ! ,empla/3 ,ammoniac3 cum ,hydr>gyro4 ,,empla/rum ,,opii4 ,l4,e4 ,?is pla/] is suppos$ to be anodyne1 b x is v d\btful :e!r ! opium c1 9 su* a /ate1 produce any specific effect4 ,see ,=m3 #e4 ,,empla/rum ,,picis ,,compositum4 ,l4 ,empla/3 ,picis burgundic1 ,p4,l4 #aghg4 ,x is /imulant & rubefaci5t1 & is (t5 employ$ z an application to ! *e/1 9 pulmon>y compla9ts2 ! s]\s exudation h[ev] :i* x produces1 frequ5tly occasions s mu* irritation t we are compell$ to remove x4 ,,empla/rum ,,plumbi4 ,l4 ,empla/3 ,oxydi ,plumbi semi-vitrei4 ,e4 ,empla/3 ,ly?>gyri4 ,p4,l4 #aghg4 ,empla/3 commune1 #agde4 ,dia*ylon#dif ,simplex1 ,p4,l4 #agbj4 ,?is is a v important pla/]1 s9ce x =ms ! basis ( a great _m o!rs2 "u ! "n ( ,dia*ylon x has long be5 kn[n1 & employ$ z a common application to excoriations1 & = reta9+ ! edges ( fre% cut w\nds 9 a /ate ( apposition1 & at ! same "t = def5d+ !m f ! action ( ! air2 :5 long kept x *anges its col\r1 & loses its adhesive prop]ties1 & by high temp]ature ! oxyd ( lead is reviv$4#dig ,,empla/rum ,,res94 ,l4 ,olim1 ,empla/3 commune adhsivum1 ,p4,l4 #agde4 ,empla/3 ,res9osum4 ,e4 ,empla/3 ,li?>gyri cum ,res9a4 ,d4 ,x is def5sive1 adhesive1 & /imulant4#dih ,,empla/rum ,,saponis4 ,l4,d4 ,empla/rum ,saponaceum4 ,e4 ,! ,soap ,pla/] is said to be a mild discuti5t application4 ,,eupatorium ,,p]foliatum4 ,boneset4 ,h]ba et flores4 ,! boneset is a plant indig5\s to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & is to be f\nd 9 ! neighb\rhood ( m>%es & l[ situations4 ,x is int5sely bitt] & some:at a/r+5t4 ,accord+ to ! analysis ( ,dr4 ,&rew ,&]son ( ,new-,york1 x yields1 #a4 ,a free acid2 #b4 ,tann92 #c4 ,extractive matt]2 #d4 ,a gummy matt]2 #e4 ,a res92 #f4 ,azote2 #g4 ,lime1 probably ! acetate ( lime2 #h4 ,gallic acid1 probably modifi$2 #i4 ,a res9i=m matt]1 soluble 9 wat] & 9 alcohol1 & :i* seems to conta9 a bitt] pr9ciple4 ,x also appe>s f ?is analysis t ! free acid may be obta9$ f all p>ts ( ! plant--t tann9 is obta9$ 9 mu* ! l>ge/ quantity f ! leaves1 & lea/ f ! roots--t ! extractive & gummy matt] reside *iefly 9 ! roots--t ! leaves & fl[]s also conta9 a l>g] proportion ( res9 ?an ! roots--& t azote exi/s 9 ! fl[]s1 leaves1 & roots4 ,! pr9cipal prop]ties ( ! boneset are ^? ( a tonic & diaphoretic4 ,! diseases 9 :i* x has be5 prescrib$ ) success are int]mitt+ & remitt+ fev]s1 typhoid p]ipneumony & cat>rh4 ,x may be giv5 9 p[d]1 infusion1 or t9cture4 ,:5 giv5 z a tonic1 ! t9cture is ! pref]able =m4 ,! dose ( ! p[d] is f #bj to #cj gra9s4 ,:5 us$ z a sudorific1 x is to be tak5 9 infusion1 & 9 l>ge quantities4 ,,euphorbia ,,ipecacuanha4 ,am]ican ,ipecacuanha4 ,radix4 ,?is plant is peculi> to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! root is p]5nial1 & ( a sweeti% ta/e4 ,by analysis x yields ca\t*\c1 res91 mucus1 & fecula4 ,9 its m$ic9al prop]ties x resembles1 & p]haps equals1 ! common ipecacuanha4 ,z an emetic ! dose is f #ae to #be gra9s4 ,,euphorbi ,,gummi-,,res9a4 ,l4 7,euphorbia ,(fic9>um47 ,euphorbium4 ,,qualities4 ,?is sub/ance is import$ f ,b>b>y1 9 drops or irregul> te>s2 its fracture is vitre\s2 x is inodor\s1 b yields a v acrid burn+ impression to ! tongue4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x is :at is t]m$ a gum res91 b its acrid con/itu5t is exclusively 9 t portion :i* is soluble 9 alcohol1 & :i* might be nam$ ,euphorb92 x appe>s to =m z mu* z #cg p] c5t4 to :i* are add$ ( wax #ai1 malate ( lime #bje1 malate ( potass #b1 & wat] #e4 ,,solubility4 ,wat] by trituration is r5d]$ milky1 b dissolves only "o-sev5? "p2 & alcohol "o-f\r? ( x4 ,,uses4 ,int]nally adm9i/]$1 x proves v viol5tly dra/ic1 b x is nev] employ$ except z an errh9e1 cauti\sly dilut$ ) />*1 or "s in]t p[d]4 ,! ,indian practition]s adm9i/] x z a purge 9 ob/9ate visc]al ob/ructions2 & 9 ^? cases ( co/iv5ess :i* s (t5 att5d an enl>gem5t & induration ( ! sple5 & liv]4 ,f>ri]s use x = bli/]+ horses1 & !re is good reason to believe t x is sometimes fraudul5tly introduc$ to quick5 ! p[]s ( our ,empla/rum ,can?>idis4 ,x ent]s z an +r$i5t into a pla/]1 :i* has be5 mu* celebrat$ by ,*eseld5 & o!rs1 z a /imulat+ application1 to relieve diseases ( ! hip-jo9t1 & to keep up inflammation ( ! sk9 9 *ronic /ates ( visc]al inflammation2 ! foll[+ is its composition4 4 ,empla/3 ,picis comp3 iv4--,euphorbi gum-res9 ss4--,t]eb9?3 ,vulg>1 q4 s4 ,,caution1 9 pulv]iz+ ?is sub/ance1 ! disp5s] %\ld previ\sly moi/5 x ) v9eg> to prev5t its ris+ & excoriat+ 8 face4 ,,extracta4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,extracts4 ,^! prep>ations are obta9$ by evaporat+ ! wat]y or spiritu\s solutions ( vegetables1 & ! native juices obta9$ f fre% plants by expression1 to masses ( a t5aci\s consi/5ce4 ,! ,london college does n arrange ! extracts "u ! titles ( wat]y & res9\s1 :i* is ! arrangem5t ( ! ,ed9burgh ,ph>macopia1 nor "u ^? ( simple & res9\s1 :i* is ! division obs]v$ 9 t ( ,dubl91 b reject+ all specific di/9ctions1 includes1 "u ! g5]ic appellation ( extract1 bo? ! species1 z well z all ! inspissat$ juices4 ,s9ce h[ev] ! =m] ( ^! arrangem5ts w af=d great] facilities = introduc+ ! obs]vations :i* x is my int5tion to (f]1 x is reta9$ 9 ?is "w4 ,! *emical nature ( extracts mu/ obvi\sly be v complicat$ & v>iable1 dep5d+ 9 a great degree ^u ! p[]s ( ! m5/ruum employ$ = _! prep>ation2 al?\gh ,f\rcroy & ,vauquel9 consid]$ t "o peculi> pr9ciple 0 ! basis ( !m all1 :i* !y call$ ,extract1 ,extractive1 or ! ,extractive ,pr9ciple4 ,x is di/+ui%$ by ! foll[+ *>act]s1 viz4 ,x has a /rong ta/e1 v>y+ 9 diff]5t plants2 x is soluble 9 wat]1 & 9 alcohol :5 x conta9s wat]1 b is q insoluble 9 absolute alcohol & !r2 its aque\s solution soon runs into a /ate ( putrefaction2 by repeat$ solutions & evaporations1 or by long ebullition1 x acquires a deep] col\r1 & 9 consequ5ce ( its comb9ation ) oxyg5 x becomes insoluble & in]t1 a fact :i* is ( extreme importance z x reg>ds its ph>maceutical relations2 x unites ) alum9e1 & if boil$ ) its salts1 precipitates x1 h5ce wool1 cotton1 or ?read1 impregnat$ ) alum1 may be dy$ ( a fawn-col\r by extractive2 its habitudes ) alkalies are v /rik+1 comb9+ mo/ readily & =m+ ) !m comp\nds ( a br[ni% yell[ col\r1 :i* are v soluble 9 wat]2 if to a col\rless & extremely dilute solution ( extractive1 an alkali be add$1 a br[n or yell[i% t9t is imm$iately produc$1 s t "u c]ta9 circum/ances ,i h f\nd an alkali to be a s]viceable te/ 9 detect+ ! pres5ce ( extractive matt]4 ,! usual br[n hue ( ! liquor ammoni acetatis1 is ow+ to ! action ( ! ammonia ^u traces ( vegetable extractive conta9$ 9 ! di/ill$ v9eg>4 ,mu* confusion has aris5 f ! ^w extract hav+ be5 employ$ 9 ?is d\ble mean+1--*emically to express a peculi> vegetable proximate pr9ciple1 & ph>maceutically to d5ote any sub/ance h[ev] complicat$ 9 its nature1 :i* has be5 obta9$ by ! evaporation ( a vegetable solution or a native vegetable juice4 ,x is 9 ! latt] s5se t x is to be und]/ood 9 ! pres5t article4 ,! diff]5t proximate pr9ciples ( vegetable matt] und]go v>i\s & indef9ite *anges ) su* rapidity1 :5 act$ ^u by heat1 t ! process ( extraction mu/ necess>ily m or less impair ! m$ic9al efficacy ( a plant1 & n unfrequ5tly de/roy x altoge!r1 & h5ce1 says ,dr4 ,murray1 8) ! exception ( "s ( ! pure bitt]s1 z g5tian1 or "s ( ! sac*>9e vegetables1 z liquorice1 !re is no m$ic9e p]haps b :at may be giv5 ) m advantage "u "s o!r =m20 ?is h[ev] is n exactly true1 = :5 c>e is tak5 9 ! prep>ation1 we are ?us enabl$ to conc5trate _m v p[]ful qualities 9 a small space1 & ! process lately adopt$ ( evaporat+ ! solutions by ! aid ( /eam1 contributes v mat]ially to obviate ! failures :i* s frequ5tly occurr$ f a too exalt$ temp]ature4 ,!re is1 = in/ance1 great reason to suppose t ! black col\r :i* s (t5 *>act]ises ! extracts ( comm]ce1 is frequ5tly ow+ to ! decomposition & c>bonization ( ! vegetable matt]2 ! col\r !re=e ( an extract becomes 9 "s degree a te/ ( its goodness4 ,i h lately exam9$ ! extracts ( comm]ce ) "s att5tion1 & ,i f9d ! pres5ce ( iron by no means an uncommon circum/ance2 :5 ?us contam9at$ !y af=d a v dirty col\r$ solution1 :i* rapidly becomes d>k] on exposure to air4 ,! extracts m5tion$ 9 ! preface z made by ,mr4 ,b>ry1 by evaporat+ 9 vacuo1 des]ve ! att5tion ( ! pr(ession2 ! pr9ciple is )\t d\bt well calculat$ to secure ! active matt] ( ! plant f ^? *anges to :i* x is con/antly liable dur+ ! ord9>y op]ation ( inspissation4 ,! extracts1 ?us prep>$1 are c]ta9ly m p[]ful 9 _! effects1 & "s few ( !m appe> also to possess prop]ties :i* are n to be di/+ui%$ 9 ! ,extracts ( ,comm]ce2 ^? ( n>cotic plants1 z ,hemlock1 ,hyoscyamus1 c4 are decid$ly m efficaci\s2 :]e ! practition] directs _! use1 he %\ld1 to prev5t any mi/ake1 add ! words 9 vacuo prp4 z 9 ,=mula #d2 = on acc\nt ( ! diff]5ce 9 ! /r5g? ( ^! prep>ations1 & ( ^? prep>$ by ! ord9>y me?od1 !y _c be indiscrim9ately employ$4 ,dr4 ,john ,davy1 at my reque/1 has made trial ( ^! extracts 9 ! ,milit>y ,hospital at ,=t ,pitt1 & z 8 results co9cide ) ^? obta9$ 9 my own practice1 ,i %all relate1 "u ! hi/ory ( ea* ,extract1 ! comp>ative conclusions :i* h be5 obta9$4 #a4 ,,wat]y ,,or ,,simple ,,extracts4 ,mucilag9\s ,extracts ( ,r\elle4 ,^! extracts mu/1 ( c\rse1 conta9 all ! pr9ciples ( a plant :i* are soluble 9 wat]1 su* z gum1 extractive matt]1 tann91 c9*on91 sug>1 fecula1 c4 toge!r ) any soluble salts :i* ! vegetable may conta94 ,i h also f\nd by exp]im5t t an aque\s extract may ev5 conta91 9 small proportions1 c]ta9 elem5ts :i*1 al?\gh q insoluble 9 wat]1 are nev]!less p>tially soluble 9 vegetable infusion4 ,?is law ( vegetable *emi/ry has nev] be5 express$1 al?\gh we h repeat$ in/ances ( its tru?1 & a k ( x may expla9 "s hi!rto un9telligible anomalies4 ,x has be5 /at$ t extractive matt] is p]fectly insoluble 9 !r1 b ,mr4 ,a4 ,?omson f\nd repeat$ly1 t if a small portion ( res9 0 pres5t1 !r w\ld 9 t case take up extractive 9 comb9ation ) ! res9 :i* x s readily dissolves4 ,z decoction or infusion is a process prelim9>y to t ( extraction1 ! practition] mu/ ref] to ^? articles = an enum]ation ( ! diff]5t s\rces ( error :i* are atta*$ to !m4 ,,extractum ,,aloes ,,purificatum4 ,l4 ,! res9\s elem5t ( ! aloes is got rid ( 9 ?is prep>ation2 on :i* acc\nt x is suppos$1 9 an equal dose1 to be m purgative & less irritat+4 ,dose1 gr4 x to xv4 ,=m3 #ab1 #ac1 #cf4 ,,extractum ,,an!midis4 ,l4,e4 ,extract4 ,florum ,*ammeli4 ,d4 ,?is extract furni%es an example ( ! *ange effect$ on "s plants by ! process ( extraction2 9 ?is case ! volatile oil is dissipat$1 & a simple bitt] rema9s1 possess+ sc>cely any ( ! *>act]i/ic prop]ties ( *amomile4 ,?is rem>k1 h[ev]1 does n apply to ?is extract1 :5 prep>$ 9 vacuo4 ,i h lately receiv$ f ,mr4 ,pope ( ,ox=d ,/reet1 a specim5 :i* reta9s1 9 ! mo/ em95t degree1 all ! od\r & ta/e ( ! rec5t fl[]4 ,dose1 gr4 x-j4 ,,extractum ,,c9*on4 ,l4,d4 ,! prop]ties ( ! b>k 9 ?is prep>ation are mu* invalidat$1 ow+ to ! oxidizem5t ( its extractive matt]1 :i* takes place to su* an ext5t1 t n m ?an "o half ( ! prep>ation is soluble 9 wat]2 x is n h[ev] altoge!r devoid ( utility1 & w (t5 sit lightly on ! /oma*1 :5 ! p[d] is reject$4 ,its ta/e is v bitt]1 b less au/]e ?an ! p[d]4 ,! mo/ beautiful extract ( b>k1 :i* ,i h ev] se51 0 prep>$ by ,mr4 ,b>ry ( ,pl\gh ,c\rt2 its col\r 0 t ( a deep brilliant ruby1 & its flav\r pres]v$ all ! *>act]i/ic peculi>ity ( ! rec5t sub/ance4#dii ,dose1 grs4 x to ss4 ,f\rte5 ounces ( ! b>k w yield ab\t ?ree ounces & a half ( extract4 ,x %\ld be kept s(t1 s z to be fit = =m+ pills1 & h>d1 s t x may be r$uc$ to p[d]4 ,,extractum ,,colocyn?idis4 ,l4 ,?is extract is mu* mild]1 al?\gh less p[]ful1 ?an ! pulp2 ,dose1 grs4 v to ss4 ,x soon becomes h>d & m\ldy4#ejj ,,extractum ,,g5tian4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,! bitt] pr9ciple suff]s no det]ioration 9 ! process3 x is us$ pr9cipally z a vehicle = metallic prep>ations4 ,=m4 #cf1 #ec1 #ajc4 ,dose1 gr4 x to j4 ,,extractum ,,glycyrrhiz4 ,l4,d4 ,x is usually import$ f ,spa92 9 ! co>s] k9ds1 ! pulps ( v>i\s plums & ( prunes are add$2 x %\ld dissolve 9 wat] )\t leav+ any fecul5ce4#eja ,,extractum ,h,,matoxyli4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,! a/r+5t prop]ties ( ! logwood are pres]v$ 9 ! extract1 b x becomes s extremely h>d1 t pills made ( x v commonly pass ?r\gh ! body )\t und]go+ ! lea/ *ange4 ,dose1 grs4 x to ss dissolv$ 9 c9namon wat]3 x sometimes imp>ts a bloody hue to ! ur9e ( ^? :o h tak5 x4 ,,extractum ,,humuli4 ,l4 ,! bitt] ta/e ( ! hop *>act]ises ?is prep>ation2 :e!r x possesses1 or n1 any anodyne prop]ties1 seems v d\btful4 ,dose1 grs4 v to j4 ,,extractum ,,opii4 ,l4,d4 ,z x conta9s less res9\s matt] ?an crude opium1 x is suppos$ to produce its effects ) less subsequ5t d]angem5t4 ,see ,opium4 ,dose1 gr4 j to v1 = an adult4 ,,extractum ,,papav]is4 ,l4,d4 ,x is a weak opium4 ,dose1 grs4 ij to j4 ,,extractum ,,s>sap>ill4 ,not)/&+ ! reputation :i* ?is prep>ation has acquir$1 x is v d\btful :e!r x possesses any m$ic9al p[]s4 ,dose1 gr4 x to j 9 pills1 or dissolv$ 9 ! decoction4 ,,extractum ,,/ramonii4 ,?is extract 0 fir/ recomm5d$ by ,/erck1 z a p[]ful rem$y 9 maniacal affections2 its probable value 9 su* diseases appe>s to h be5 sugge/$ by a v curi\s process ( reason+1 viz4 t z x d]ang$ ! intellect ( ! sane1 x might possibly correct t ( ! insane4 ,exp]i5ce has c]ta9ly n confirm$ ! v sangu9e report ( ,/erck ) reg>d to its p[]s1 b x has satisfactorily %ewn its occasional value 9 viol5t p>oxysms1 9 quiet+ ! m9d1 & procur+ re/4 ,i am in=m$ by my fri5d ,dr4 ,davy1 t1 = su* an object1 x has be5 v frequ5tly & successfully giv51 9 ! ,lunatic ,milit>y ,hospital at ,=t ,cl>5ce4 ,he f>!r /ates t he has himself made _m trials ) ! extract ( ,/ramonium1 prep>$ by ,mr4 ,b>ry 79 vacuo7 z well z ) ! common extract2 & t he f9ds ! =m] to be uni=mly m p[]ful4 8,9 mo/ diseases10 says he1 8?is m$ic9e w\ld seem unc]ta9 9 its op]ation1 sometimes occasion+ an anodyne effect1 &1 at o!r times1 produc+ irritation1 & prev5t+ sleep2 ,i h1 h[ev]1 se5 v b5eficial effects f x 9 a/hma1 & 9 c\ghs t h a nightly exac]bation1 9 doses ( f gr4 #a_/d to gr4 #b1 daily40 ,,extractum ,,t>axaci4 ,l4,d4 ,! m$ic9al p[]s ( ,d&elion are ass]t$ to exi/ unimpair$ 9 ?is prep>ation1 b x becomes in]t by keep+4 ,see ,t>axacum4 ,dose4 grs4 x to j1 9 comb9ation ) sulphate ( potass4 #b4 ,spiritu\s or ,res9\s ,extracts4 ,^! may conta91 ) ! exception ( gum1 all ! +r$i5ts conta9$ 9 wat]y extracts1 besides res92 _! composition h[ev] w greatly dep5d ^u ! /r5g? ( ! _s employ$ z ! solv5t2 b ( ?is ,i %all speak m fully "u ! article ,t9cture4 ,,extractum ,,c9*on ,,res9osum4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,! op]ation ( _s 9 ?is prep>ation is two-fold2 x extracts f ! b>k ! elem5t :i* is insoluble 9 wat]1 & x dim9i%es ! t5d5cy 9 ! extractive matt] to absorb oxyg5 dur+ ! process4 ,dose1 grs4 x to xxx4 ,x is said t a spuri\s extract ( b>k is to be met ) 9 ! m>ket1 consi/+ ( ! extract ( ! horse-*esnut tree b>k1 & yell[ res94 ,,extractum ,,colocyn?idis ,,compositum4 ,l4,d4 ,extract4 ,ca?>ticum4 ,p4,l4 #agge4 ,pilul ,rudii4 ,p4,l4 #agbj4 ,?is prep>ation has be5 e/abli%$ ?r\gh successive ph>macopias1 & has und]gone "s modification 9 ea*2 9 ! pres5t edition ! soap has be5 re/or$1 & its solubility is !reby increas$1 z well z its mildness z a ca?>tic4 ,! omission ( ?is +r$i5t 0 =m]ly sugge/$ by ! consid]ation ( its be+ incompatible ) ,calomel2 ?is h[ev] is n ! case4 ,x pres5ts a comb9ation ( purgative sub/ances :i* is highly judici\s1 & w be f\nd to be m p[]ful ?an an equival5t dose ( any "o ( ! +r$i5ts4 ,dose1 gr4 v to ss1 ,=m4 #ga1 #ha1 #hh4 ,,extractum ,,jalap4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,x is purgative1 b is liable to gripe1 unless x be triturat$ ) sug> & almonds1 or mucilage1 s z to =m an emulsion4 ,dose1 grs4 x to j4 ,,extractum ,,rhei4 ,l4 ,! p[]s ( ! ,rhub>b are consid]ably impair$ 9 ?is extract4 ,dose1 grs4 x to ss4 ,=m4 #gh4 #c4 ,inspissat$ ,juices4 ,^! prep>ations are obta9$ by express+ ! juices f fre% plants1 & evaporat+ !m 9 a wat]-ba?2 !y are g5]ally ( a light] col\r ?an common extracts1 & !y are c]ta9ly mu* m active1 al?\gh !re is a great diff]5ce 9 ! activity ( diff]5t samples2 & p]haps ! m$ic9al p[]s ( ! juices !mselves are v mu* "u ! contr\l ( soil & season4 ,t !y v>y 9 quantity f su* causes we h ample pro(2 ?us 9 moi/ seasons1 ,beaum obta9$ five p\nds ( inspissat$ juice f ?irty p\nds ( eld] b]ries1 :]eas1 9 dry seasons1 he c\ld r>ely get m ?an two4 ,f hemlock he procur$ 9 ,octob]1 #agif1 #ge p] c5t4 ( inspissat$ juice1 & 9 ,may ( ! same ye> only #cg2 on ! contr>y1 9 ,augu/1 #agfh1 #d p] c5t41 & 9 ,may1 #aggf1 z mu* z #fe2 b 9 g5]al1 ! product 9 ! autumnal mon?s 0 ! mo/ consid]able4 ,! modes ( prep>+ ! inspissat$ juices ( ! same plant v>y 9 ! diff]5t ph>macopias1 & 9 sev]al po9ts t are v ess5tial2 "s direct ! express$ juices to be imm$iately inspissat$1 o!rs all[ !m to und]go a slight degree ( f]m5tation1 & "s defecate !m1 be=e !y proce$ to _! inspissation4 ,,extractum 7,succus ,spissatus4 ,e47 ,,aconiti4 ,l4,e4 ,! m$ic9al prop]ties ( ?is prep>ation are analog\s to ^? ( ! rec5t ,wolfsbane1 viz4 n>cotic1 & 9 "s cases diuretic1 7see ,=m4 #abh47 ,x is h[ev] r>ely us$4 ,dose1 at fir/1 %\ld n exce$ gr4 1 b x may be gradually increas$4 ,i h n yet1 says ,dr4 ,davy1 9 a lett] rec5tly receiv$ f him1 _h mu* exp]i5ce ( ! ,extractum ,aconiti1 b t little is fav\rable to its use2 89 "s cases ( *ronic rheumatism1 & 9 "s ( int]mitt5t fev]1 complicat$ ) visc]al disease1 x has _h a b5eficial effect n to be mi/ak52 ! dose has be5 f "o to two gra9s40 ,dr4 ,/erck1 :o fir/ tri$ ?is m$ic9e1 obs]v$ f x a p[]ful diaphoretic effect2 ?is1 says ,dr4 ,davy1 8,i h n notic$1 & yet ! extract :i* ,i h us$ 0 prep>$ by ,mr4 ,b>ry1 9 vacuo1 :i* is c]ta9ly f> m p[]ful ?an t employ$ by ,/erck2 ! latt]1 :5 appli$ to ! tongue1 8levissimam tantum titillationem excitabat10 :]eas t ( ,mr4 ,b>ry produces a mo/ disagreeable s5sation ( burn+1 :i* ext5ds to ! ?roat2 & 9 "o in/ance1 :5 appli$ to ! tip ( my tongue1 x occasion$ ulc]ation40 ,,extractum ,,belladonn4 ,l4,e4 ,see ,belladonn ,folia4 ,dose1 gr4 j1 gradually increas$ to gr4 v1 9 ! =m ( pill4 ,dr4 ,davy has made a few trials ( ,b>ry's ,extract2 ! results ( :i* he in=ms me are n at all fav\rable to ! use ( ?is m$ic9e2 x is mu* m p[]ful ?an ! common extract1 & c only be giv5 ) safety 9 small doses2 89 sev]al in/ances10 says he1 8,i h n be5 able to repeat a gra9 dose daily1 m ?an ?rice1 on acc\nt ( ! al>m+ symptoms produc$1 z head-a*e1 v]tigo1 indi/9ct vision ) dilat$ pupil1 &1 9 "o case1 irritation ( ! bladd]1 occasion+ v frequ5t micturition2 9 *ronic rheumatism & cat>rh1 ) sev]e c\gh1 ! only diseases 9 :i* ,i h yet giv5 x1 x has n appe>$ to be 9 ! lea/ s]viceable2 x may probably prove valuable to ! oculi/2 f trials t h be5 made ( x "h by ,mr4 ,mill]1 ,assi/ant ,surgeon to ! ,=ces1 x has be5 f\nd to dilate ! pupil beyond ! common extract4 ,/erck ev5 introduc$ 8 extract into ! eye ) impunity4 ,acrid z ! prep>ation is :i* ,i h us$1 ! pati5ts h nev] compla9$ ( x1 nor h ,i kn[n any disagreeable effects f x1 :5 appli$ 9 solution1 suffici5tly dilute40 ,,extractum 7,succus ,spissatus4 ,e4,d47 ,,conii4 ,l4 ,mu* ( ?is extract1 z x is f\nd 9 comm]ce1 has n be5 prep>$ ) equal fidelity1 nor ) due att5tion to ! season :5 ! plant is 9 its greate/ p]fection2 ,dr4 ,fo!rgill says1 8,i "k f repeat$ exp]im5ts1 t ! extract :i* has be5 prep>$ f hemlock1 be=e ! plant arrives at maturity1 is mu* inf]ior to t :i* is made :5 ! plant has acquir$ its full vig\r1 & is r on ! v]ge ( decl9e3 j :5 ! fl[]s fade1 ! rudim5ts ( ! se$s become obs]vable1 & ! habit ( ! plant incl9es to yell[1 is ! prop] "t to collect x20 ! plants :i* gr[ 9 places expos$ to ! sun %\ld be select$1 z be+ m virose ?an ^? t gr[ 9 ! %ade3 /ill h[ev] ) e precaution1 x w always be unc]ta9 9 /r5g?4 ,orfila f\nd t an extract prep>$ by boil+ ! dri$ p[d] 9 wat]1 & evaporat+ ! decoction1 0 in]t2 9 fact1 ! :ole ( ! activity ( ! plant resides 9 a res9\s elem5t insoluble 9 wat]1 & = :i* ,i h propos$ ! "n ( ,cone94 ,extract ( hemlock1 :5 judici\sly prep>$1 is a v valuable s$ative2 ,i /ate ?is f ample exp]i5ce1 & :5 comb9$ ) ,hyoscyamus1 & adapt$ by means ( mucilage & syrup1 to ! =m ( a mixture1 x af=ds a m effectual palliative ?an any rem$y ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$1 = c\ghs & pulmon>y irritation4 ,=m4 #ai4 is t f :i* ,i h d]iv$ ! greate/ b5efit 9 su* cases4 ,see also ,=m4 #b1 #c1 #d1 #ai1 #eg4 ,s9ce ! f\r? edition ( ! pres5t "w1 ,i reque/$ my fri5d ,dr4 ,john ,davy to make trial ( its efficacy 9 ! ,milit>y ,hospital at ,*a?am1 & ,i "h introduce 8 report ^u ! subject2--8,my exp]i5ce ( ! effects ( ! ,extractum ,conii p]fectly agrees ) t ( ,dr4 ,p>is1 z /at$ 9 ! f\r? edition ( ! ,ph>macologia1 & ,i am ( 8 op9ion t :5 prop]ly prep>$1 & adm9i/]$1 x is a v valuable s$ative2 ,i h giv5 x to ! ext5t daily ( f a scruple to a dra*m1 9 *ronic cat>rh1 & 9 ph?isis pulmonalis1 ei!r alone or 9 conjunction ) ! ,extract ( ,hyoscyamus1 & x has af=d$ m relief ?an any o!r m$ic9e t ,i h tri$4 ,f two or ?ree trials ( x 9 pneumonia1 ,i am dispos$ to ?9k x may be v s]viceable 9 c]ta9 =ms ( ?is disease1 9 :i* v5esection is contra-indicat$ by extreme debility2 & also 9 measles4 ,9 ! trials allud$ to1 ,i comm5c$ giv+ x 9 ! l>ge dose ( a dra*m1 daily1 susp5d$ 9 wat] conta9+ 9 solution a gra9 ( ,antimonium ,t>t>izatum4 ,9 a v few in/ances1 :]e ,i h f ! comm5cem5t giv5 x 9 a l>ge dose1 z f j to iss1 x has occasion$ halluc9ation ( ideas1 :i* 9 two cases 0 att5d$ ) excitem5t ( ! s5sorium & increas$ action ( ! he>t1 & 9 "o case1 ) dim9i%$ activity ( bo?4 ,! ,extract ( ,conium1 prep>$ by ,mr4 ,b>ry1 is ! mo/ p[]ful "o ,i h ev] us$1 inde$1 until ,i tri$ x1 ,i _h no j idea ( ! virtues ( ,conium z a m$ic9e2 b ,i am n[ dispos$ to give cr$it to ,/erk's acc\nt ( its efficacy 9 v>i\s *ronic diseases2 & ,i h no d\bt b t ?is valuable m$ic9e has fall5 into comp>ative disrepute & disuse f ! bad quality ( ! extract commonly employ$40 ,dr4 ,maton has f\nd t ! value ( ?is extract is greatly increas$ by includ+ ! se$s 9 its prep>ation4 ,dose1 grs4 v to j2 or m1 twice or ?rice a day2 9 a full dose x produces gidd9ess1 a slight nausea1 & a tremor ( ! body2 a peculi> heavy s5sation is also exp]i5c$ ab\t ! eyes2 & ! b[els become g5tly relax$3 unless "s ( ^! s5sations are produc$1 we are nev] sure t ! rem$y has _h a fair trial ( its effects4 ,pati5ts w g5]ally be> a l>g] dose at night ?an at noon1 & at noon ?an 9 ! morn+4 ,,extractum ,,elat]ii4 ,l4 ,?is sub/ance spontane\sly subsides f ! juice ( ! wild cucumb]1 9 consequ5ce ,i presume ( "o ( ^? s]ies ( *anges :i* vegetable matt] is p]petually und]go+1 al?\gh we are hi!rto unable to express !m by any kn[n *emical law4 ,x is !re=e n an extract1 ei!r 9 ! *emical or ph>maceutical acceptation ( ! t]m1 nor an inspissat$ juice1 nor is x a fecula1#ejb z x has be5 t]m$2 ! ,dubl9 ,college has p]haps be5 m correct 9 simply call+ x ,elat]ium1 ! "n giv5 to x by ,dioscorides4 ,x occurs 9 comm]ce 9 little ?9 cakes1 or brok5 pieces1 be>+ ! impression ( ! musl9 ^u :i* x has be5 dri$2 its col\r is gre5i%1 its ta/e bitt]1 & some:at acrid2 & :5 tol]ably pure1 x is light1 pulv]ul5t1 & inflammable4 ,! e>ly hi/ory ( ?is m$ic9al sub/ance is involv$ 9 great p]plexity1 ea* au?or speak+ ( a diff]5t prep>ation by ! same "n2 = in/ance1 ! ,elat]ium ( ,dioscorides mu/ h be5 a v diff]5t sub/ance f t ( ,!ophra/us2 &1 :]ev] ,hippocrates m5tions ! t]m1 he evid5tly alludes to any viol5t purgative4 8,hippocrati ,elat]ium m$icam5tum e/ quod p] alvum expurgat40 7,bod3 9 ,!ophra/47 ,?is w1 9 "s degree1 reconcile ! discordant te/imonies ( diff]5t au?ors ) reg>d to ! p[]s ( ,elat]ium2 = example1 ,dioscorides /ates its dose to be f grs4 ii to j--9 tius1 ,paulus1 & ,actu>ius1 x is recomm5d$ to ! ext5t ( ss--9 ,mesue f ss to j--9 ,bontius 7,m$3 ,ind37 f j to ss--,mass>ias exhibits x 9 doses ( gr4 vj--,f]nelius & ,s5n]tus to j--,h]man f grs4 v vj--,qu9cy to grs4 v--& ,bo]haave does n v5ture to give m ?an gr4 iv--:ile ! practition]s ( ! pres5t day limit _! dose f gr4 to grs4 ij4 ,dr4 ,clutt]buck1 ) a laudable int5tion to discov] "s me?od ( procur+ ?is article at a *eap] rate1 & at ! same "t ( e/abli%+ "s process :i* might ensure a prep>ation ( m uni=m /r5g?1 has lately p]=m$ a s]ies ( int]e/+ & in/ructive exp]im5ts1#ejc ! results ( :i* prove 9 a satisfactory mann] 8t ! active pr9ciple ( ?is plant is nei!r lodg$ 9 ! roots1 leaves1 fl[]s1 nor /alks1 9 any consid]able quantity3 nor is x to be f\nd 9 ! body ( ! fruit itself1 or 9 ! se$s1 b 9 ! juice ar\nd ! se$s2 ! sub/ance :i* spontane\sly subsides f ?is liquor1 obta9$ )\t pressure1 is g5u9e ,elat]ium1 ! quantity ( :i*1 conta9$ 9 ! fruit1 is extremely small1 = ,dr4 ,clutt]buck obta9$ only six gra9s f =ty cucumb]s40 ,?is g5tleman communicat$ ! detail ( ^! exp]im5ts to ! ,presid5t ( ! ,college ( ,physicians1 :o reque/$ me1 z pr(essor ( ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 to report ^u !m4 ,i accord+ly deem$ x to be my duty to ent] ^u a s]ies ( new exp]im5ts1 :i* ,i h lately complet$1 ) ! able assi/ance ( ,mr4 ,f>aday1 9 ! laboratory ( ! ,royal ,in/itution4 ,! results ( :i* w %ew1 t al?\gh ,dr4 ,clutt]buck f\nd t an eigh? "p ( a gra9 ( elat]ium seldom fail$ to purge viol5tly1 yet1 /range z x may appe>1 t n m ?an "o gra9 9 t5 ( elat]ium1 z x occurs 9 comm]ce1 possesses any active prop]ties1 & t ?is decimal "p is a vegetable proximate pr9ciple1 n hi!rto notic$1 to :i* ,i %all give ! "n ( ,,elat94 ,i %all subjo9 ! detail ( my exp]im5ts1 & ,i ?9k x w appe> t _! results w au?orise me to express ! *emical composition ( ,elat]ium 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,f4 ,wat] #d ,b4 ,extractive #bf ,i4 ,b4,,dj ,fecula #bh ,c4 ,glut5 #e ,k4 ,woody matt] #be ,h4 ,elat9 #ab ,g4 ,bitt] ,pr9ciple ------ #aj gra9s4 ,proximate ,analysis ( ,elat]ium4 ,exp]im5ts4 ,s]ies #a/4 ,a4 ,t5 gra9s ( ,elat]ium1 obta9$ f a respectable *emi/1 & hav+ all ! s5sible prop]ties :i* indicat$ x to be g5u9e1 7 dige/$ = tw5ty-f\r h\rs ) di/ill$ wat]1 at a temp]ature f> bel[ t ( boil+2 f\r gra9s only 7 dissolv$4 ,b4 ,! solution 0 int5sely bitt]1 ( a br[ni% yell[ col\r1 & 0 n 9 ! lea/ di/urb$ by alcohol1 al?\gh a solution ( ,iod9e produc$ a blue col\r2 ! solution !re=e conta9$ no gum1 & only slight traces ( />*4 ,c4 ,! solution1 aft] /&+ tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 yield$ a pellicle ( insoluble matt]1 :i* :5 burnt appe>$ to resemble ,glut54 ,d4 ,! six gra9s :i* 7 insoluble 9 wat]1 7 treat$ = =ty-eight h\rs ) alcohol ( ! specific gravity #hag1 at #ff ( ,fahr5heit2 a gre5 solution 0 obta9$1 b by sl[ evaporation only half a gra9 ( solid gre5 matt] 0 procur$4 ,! insoluble residue ob/9ately adh]$ to1 & coat$ ! filtre l a v>ni%1 & completely def5d$ ! mass f ! action ( ! alcohol2 x is probable t x consi/$ pr9cipally ( ,/>*4 ,exp]im5ts4 ,s]ies #b;d4 ,e4 ,t5 gra9s ( ,elat]ium1 f ! same sample1 7 treat$ ) alcohol ( ! specific gravity #hag1 at #ff ,fahr5heit1 = tw5ty-f\r h\rs2 ^u be+ filt]$1 & ! residuum wa%$ ) successive portions ( alcohol1 ! ,elat]ium 0 f\nd to h lo/ #af ( a gra94 ,! high specific gravity ( ! alcohol 9 ?is exp]im5t 0 important2 _h x be5 l[]1 diff]5t results w\ld h be5 produc$4 ,f4 ,! alcoholic solution obta9$ 9 ! la/ exp]im5t1 0 ( a mo/ brilliant & beautiful gre5 col\r1 resembl+ t ( ! oil ( cajeput1 b bright]2 ^u sl[ly evaporat+ x1 #ab gra9s ( solid gre5 matt] 7 obta9$4 ,g4 ,! solid gre5 matt] ( ! la/ exp]im5t 0 treat$ ) boil+ di/ill$ wat]1 :5 a m9ute portion 0 ?us dissolv$1 & a solution ( a mo/ int5sely bitt] ta/e1 & ( a br[ni% yell[ col\r1 result$4 ,h4 ,! residue1 insoluble 9 wat]1 0 inflammable1 burn+ ) smoke & an aromatic od\r1 n 9 ! lea/ bitt]2 x 0 soluble 9 alkalies1 & 0 aga9 precipitat$ f !m un*ang$ 9 col\r2 x =m$1 ) pure alcohol1 a beautiful t9cture1 :i* yield$ an od\r ( a v nause\s k9d1 b ( v little flav\r1 & :i* gave a precipitate ) wat]2 x 0 s(t1 & ( consid]able specific gravity1 s9k+ rapidly 9 wat]2 circum/ances :i* di/+ui% x f common res92 9 v m9ute quantities x purges4 ,x appe>s to be ! elem5t 9 :i* ! purgative p[]s ( ! ,elat]ium are conc5trat$1 & :i* ,i h d5om9at$ ,,elat94 ,i4 ,! residuum1 insoluble 9 alcohol1 weigh+ #hd grs4 7,expt4 ,e7 0 boil$ 9 d\ble di/ill$ wat]1 :5 #ei grs4 7 dissolv$4 ,j4 ,! above solution 0 copi\sly precipitat$ blue by a solution ( ,iod9e1 & 0 sc>cely di/urb$ by ! ,p]-sulphate ( ,iron4 ,k4 ,! "p insoluble1 bo? 9 alcohol & wat]1 :i* 0 left aft] ,exp]im5t ,i1 am\nt+ to #be gra9s2 x burnt l wood1 & 0 insoluble 9 alkalies4 ,x appe>s t ! :ole ( ! ,elat9 does n sep>ate itself f its native juice by spontane\s subsid5ce1 & t1 on ?is acc\nt1 ! sup]natant liquor possesses "s p[]s z a ca?>tic4 ,we _c be surpris$ !re=e t ! ,elat]ium ( comm]ce %\ld be a v v>iable & unc]ta9 m$ic9e2 = indep5d5t ( ! great temptation :i* its high price holds out = adult]at+ x1 :i* is frequ5tly done ) />*1 x necess>ily foll[s t :]e ! active pr9ciple ( a comp\nd be>s s small a proportion to its bulk1 x is liable to be affect$ by ! slighte/ v>iation 9 ! process = its prep>ation1 & ev5 by ! temp]ature ( ! season2 :]e pressure is us$ = obta9+ ! juices1 a great] or less quantity ( ! inactive p>ts ( ! cucumb] w be mix$ ) ! ,elat91 9 proportion to ! ext5t ( su* pressure1 & ! ,elat]ium w ( c\rse be proportionally weak4#ejd ,!re is "o curi\s result obta9$ 9 my exp]im5ts :i* des]ves notice1 viz4 t !re is a bitt] pr9ciple 9 ! ,elat]ium1 v di/9ct f its extractive matt]1 & totally unconnect$ ) its activity1 = ,i dilut$ ! solution obta9$ 9 exp]im5t ,g4 & swall[$ x1 b x produc$ ^u me no effect1 except t :i* ,i g5]ally exp]i5ce ^u tak+ a p[]ful bitt]1--an increas$ appetite2 & yet not)/&+ ?is fact1 :5 9 comb9ation ) ,elat91 x is f> f be+ in]t1 s9ce ?is latt] body is consid]ably quick5$ by its pres5ce4 ,see page #aeb4 ,! solution ,b 0 giv5 to a p]son1 b no effect :atev] ensu$4 ,dose ( good ,elat]ium1 z x occurs 9 comm]ce1 is ab\t "o gra91 or x is bett] to give x only to ! ext5t ( half a gra9 at a "t1 & to repeat t dose e h\r until x beg9s to op]ate4 ,x is probably1 :5 ?us manag$1 ! be/ hydragogue ca?>tic :i* we possess2 x diff]s h[ev] f ! class ( rem$ies to :i* x belongs1 = x excites ! pulse & :ole animal sy/em1 s z to produce a consid]able degree ( febrile action4 ,x 0 /rongly recomm5d$ by ,syd5ham1 ,li/]1 & ,h(fman1 & all _! cotempor>ies & imm$iate successors1 z a valuable rem$y 9 dropsy2 b 9 consequ5ce ( "s fatal results f its improp] application1 x 0 driv5 f practice ) a viol5ce t m>ks prejudice r ?an conviction2 "o au?or1 9 descant+ ^u its virul5ce1 exclaims1 8,elat]ium esse 9 catalogo diaboli quo necat hom9es40 ,= its re/oration to m$ic9e1 we are indebt$ to ,dr4 ,f]ri> ( ,man*e/]1 :o us$ x ) great success 9 ! cure ( ,hydro?orax4 ,,extractum 7,succus ,spissatus4 ,e4,d47 ,,hyoscyami4 ,l4 ,?is prep>ation is c]ta9ly p[]fully n>cotic1 & t5ds to relax r ?an a/r+e ! b[els2 :]e ! con/itution is rebelli\s to opium1 x furni%es a m valuable res\rce to ! practition] ?an any o!r n>cotic extract4 ,dose1 gr4 v to j1 9 pills4 ,see ,=m4 #a1 #c1 #d1 #ai1 #aci4 ,,extractum ,,lactuc4 ,l4 ,,succus ,,spissatus ,,lactuc ,,sativ4 ,e4 ,?is prep>ation has f\nd its way into ! ,london ,ph>macopia1 9 consequ5ce ( ! te/imony ( _m highly respectable practition]s 9 fav\r ( its s$ative prop]ties4 ,9 ! memoirs ( ! ,cal$onian ,horticultural ,society1 v>i\s sugge/ions are (f]$ z to ! be/ mode ( obta9+ an extract f ! milky juice ( ! g>d5 ,lettuce1 to :i* ,dr4 ,duncan has be/[$ ! "n ( 8,,lactuc>ium20 x 0 fir/ recomm5d$ to take ! milk ) cotton1 aft]w>ds ) a sponge1 & m rec5tly ) a pa9t]'s bru%2 all ^! me?ods h[ev] are att5d$ ) consid]able difficulty1 & ! juice _c be collect$ 9 any quantity4 ,mr4 ,prob>t1 a *emi/ 9 ,great ,portl& ,/reet1 has lately cultivat$ l>ge plantations ( ! lettuce1 = ! purpose ( in/itut+ exp]im5ts ^u ! subject1 & ,i am happy 9 be+ enabl$ ?r\gh 8 lib]ality1 to introduce 9 ?is place1 an acc\nt ( ! process :i* he pursues1 & :i* he consid]s ! only "o by :i* ! article c be br\ght into ! m>ket at any reasonable price4#eje ,9 conclud+ ! hi/ory ( ,inspissat$ juices1 x des]ves notice t ! ,london ,college uni=mly directs t ! fecul5ce %\ld be pres]v$ 9 ! comp\nd3 !re c be no d\bt ( ! propriety ( su* advice1 b ! ,colleges ( ,ed9burgh & ,dubl9 reject x4 ,! ,fr5* ,codex gives directions = two extracts f ea* ( ^! sub/ances1 "o conta9+ :at !y please to d5om9ate ! fecula1 ! o!r n2 ?us !re is 8,extractum ,cicut absque ,fecula0 & 8,extract3 ,cicut3 cum ,fecula40 ,!re is "o curi\s fact respect+ ^! n>cotic prep>ations1 t mo/1 if n all ( !m1 conta9 nitre1 common salt1 & muriate ( potass4 ,manufactur+ *emi/s1 9 ord] to give a smoo? & glossy appe>ance to _! ,extracts1 g5]ally add to e j1 ab\t ss ( gum1 fj ( olive oil1 & xx ( rectifi$ _s2 !re is no h>m 9 ! practice4 ,,f]ri ,,sub-,,c>bonas4 ,l4 ,,c>bonas ,,f]ri ,,pr,,cipitatus4 ,e4 ,,c>bonas ,,f]ri4 ,d4 ,c>bonate ( ,iron4 ,9 a =m] ,ph>macopia ( ,london1 a sub-c>bonate ( iron 0 prep>$1 "u ! "n ( f]ri-rubigo 7ru/ ( iron17 by expos+ iron-fil+s to ! action ( air & wat]2 & al?\gh ! ,colleges ( ,ed9burgh & ,dubl9 /ill reta9 ?is mode ( prep>ation1 yet !y admit at ! same "t ( ano!r :i*1 l ! sub-c>bonate ( ! pres5t ,london ,ph>macopia1 is produc$ by precipitation4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 a *ocolate br[n p[d]4 ,od\r1 none4 ,ta/e1 slightly /yptic4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,mr4 ,phillips has %ewn t ?is precipitate is liable to v>y accord+ to ! temp]ature at :i* x is prep>$1 z well z f o!r diff]5ces ( manipulation2 x g5]ally consi/s ( mixtures ( p]oxide1 & proto-c>bonate ( iron1 9 ! proportion ( f\r p>ts ( ! latt]1 & six ( ! =m]4 ,by ref]r+ to ! ,m$ic9al ,dynamet] ! practition] may f9d ! quantity ( ^? +r$i5ts 9 any giv5 weight ( ! prep>ation1 & comp>e its /r5g? ) ! o!r *alybeate m$ic9es4 ,,solubility4 ,x is insoluble 9 wat]1 b acids dissolve x ) eff]vesc5ce4 ,=ms ( ,exhibition4 ,9 p[d] or pills1 comb9$ ) aromatics4 ,,dose1 gr4 v to xxx4 7,=m4 #ch47 ,x has lately be5 br\ght into p>ticul> notice by ! publication ( ,mr4 ,hut*9son ( ,s\?well1 :o /ates t 9 doses ( half a dra*m to a dra*m1 two or ?ree times a day1 x has prov$ 9 8 h&s a mo/ efficaci\s rem$y 9 ! cure ( ,tic dol\reux4 ,mr4 ,hut*9son is well kn[n to ! pr(ession z a judici\s & inquir+ practition]1 & we are well satisfi$ t he w\ld n recomm5d any rem$y to ! att5tion ( 8 bre?r51 )\t a well gr\nd$ assurance ( its efficacy2 at ! same "t x mu/ be rememb]$ t ?is disease is v frequ5tly ! consequ5ce ( an irritation 9 "s n]ve1 by ! me*anical op]ation ( osse\s spicul2 9 su* cases we _c expect ! sub-c>bonate ( ,iron to af=d relief4 ,a noble ,m>quis :o lo/ 8 leg at ,wat]loo1 suff]$ excruciat+ pa9s 9 8 face1 9 consequ5ce ( exfoliation 9 ! /ump1 :i* 7 reliev$ z soon z ! local irritation subsid$2 & a late lam5t$ physician appe>s to h ow$ 8 sev]e suff]+s to ! irritation produc$ on ! bra9 by a bony excresc5ce4 ,i h little d\bt if cases ( ,tic dol\reux 7 m c>efully exam9$1 !y w\ld be frequ5tly f\nd to d]ive _! orig9 f a simil> s\rce4 ,if x 7 necess>y ,i c\ld add sev]al ( su* in/ances to ^? already enum]at$4#ejf ,,f]ri ,,ram5ta ,,et ,,fila4 ,l4 ,,fila ,,et ,,limatura4 ,e4 ,,f]ri ,,scobs4 ,d4 ,iron ,fil+s & ,wire4 ,iron seems to be a metal t proves active 9 its metallic /ate2 its fil+s may be giv5 9 ! =m ( p[d]1 conjo9$ to "s aromatic1 or :at is p]haps m eligible1 9 ! =m ( an electu>y4 ,! ,mahometan practition]s are 9 ! habit ( prescrib+ !m1 9 conjunction ) g+]1 & cumm9 se$s1 9 cases requir+ tonics4 ,,dose1 grs4 v to ss4 ,,impurities4 ,iron fil+s %\ld be c>efully purifi$ by ! application ( ! magnet1 s9ce ^? obta9$ f ! "w-%ops are g5]ally mix$ ) copp] & o!r metals4 ,= ph>maceutical purposes1 iron wire %\ld be pref]r$1 z be+ ! mo/ pure1 s9ce ! s(te/ iron only c be drawn1 & ,mr4 ,phillips has %ewn u1 9 8 exp]im5ts ^u ! 8,f]rum ,t>t>izatum0 t s(t iron is m easily act$ ^u by ,t>t>4 ,,f]ri ,,sulphas4 ,l4 ,,sulphas ,,f]ri4 ,e4,d4 ,f]rum ,vitriolatum4 ,p4,l4 #aghg4 ,sal ,m>tis4 ,p4,l4 #agde4 ,sal1 seu ,vitriolatum ,m>tis4 ,p4,l4 #agbj4 ,sulphate ( ,iron1 =m]ly ,gre5 ,vitriol4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 cry/als1 :i* are rhomboidal prisms1 transp>5t1 & ( a f9e gre5 col\r2 :5 expos$ to ! air !y effloresce1 & at ! same "t become cov]$ ) a yell[ p[d]1 ow+ to ! attraction ( oxyg52 :5 expos$ to heat1 !y und]go wat]y fusion1 & at a high] temp]ature1 ! acid is driv5 (f & ! p]oxide ( iron alone rema9s1 :i* 9 comm]ce is kn[n by ! "n ( ,colco?>4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,?omson1 x consi/s ( #bgg ( sulphuric acid1 #bhc ( protoxide ( iron1 & #de ( wat]2 #h p>ts1 h[ev]1 ( ?is wat]1 exi/ 9 comb9ation ) ! oxide ( iron4 ,! ,m$ic9al ,dynamet] w %ew ! proportion ( protoxide 9 any giv5 weight ( ?is salt4 ,,solubility4 ,x is soluble 9 two p>ts ( wat] at #fj1 & ?ree-f\r?s at #bab4 ,! solution r$d5s vegetable blues4 ,x is insoluble 9 alcohol2 :5 h[ev] ! iron is f>!r oxidiz$1 x becomes soluble 9 t m5/ruum4#ejg ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,e salt ^: base =ms an insoluble comp\nd ) sulphuric acid2 ! e>?s1 ! alkalies & _! c>bonates2 borate ( soda2 nitrate ( potass2 muriate ( ammonia2 t>trate ( potass & soda2 acetate ( ammonia2 nitrate ( silv]2 sub-acetate & acetate ( lead2 & ,soaps4 ,:e!r ! m$ic9al virtues ( a salt ( iron are injur$ by comb9ation ) a/r+5t vegetable matt]1 seems to admit ( d\bt4 ,su* sub/ances h be5 usually rank$ among/ ! incompatibles1 b ,i am dispos$ to ?9k )\t suffici5t gr\nds1 = ,i h frequ5tly witness$ ! salut>y effects ( iron :5 exhibit$ 9 ?is que/ionable /ate ( comb9ation--may n ! absorb5ts be m dispos$ to take up iron1 :5 comb9$ ) vegetable matt]1 ?an :5 x is pres5t$ 9 a m purely m9]al =m8#ejh ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,tonic1 a/r+5t1 emm5agogue1 & an!lm9tic2 9 l>ge doses1 x occasions grip+ 9 ! b[els4 ,,dose1 gr4 j to v1 comb9$ ) rhub>b1 or "s bitt] extract4 7=m3 #gb1 #hg47 ,if giv5 9 solution1 ! wat] %\ld be previ\sly boil$1 or ! oxyg5 conta9$ 9 ! atmosph]ical air1 :i* is diffus$ ?r\gh x1 w p>tially conv]t ! salt into an oxy-sulphat1 & r5d] x insoluble4 ,z an ext]nal a/r+5t x is useful 9 ! aph? ( *ildr54#eji ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,mi/3 ,f]ri comp3 ,l4 7,k7 ,pil3 ,f]ri comp3 ,l4 7,j74 ,,f]rum ,,ammoniatum4 ,l4 ,,murias ,,ammoni ,,et ,,f]ri4 ,e4,d4 ,f]rum ,ammoniacale1 ,p4,l4 #aghg4 ,flores ,m>tiales4 ,p4,l4 #agde4 ,ens ,v5]is4 ,p4,l4 #agbj4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 cry/all9e gra9s1 :i* deliquesce2 ,col\r1 orange yell[2 ,od\r1 resembl+ t ( saffron2 ,ta/e1 /yptic4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,?is is v v>iable2 dep5d+ ^u ! degree ( heat & l5g? ( "t employ$ = its prep>ation4 ,x seems to be a mix$ mass1 consi/+ ( sub-muriate ( ammonia & sub-muriate ( iron1 ! metal be+ 9 ! /ate ( r$ oxide2 &1 ,mr4 ,phillips /ates t 9 ! ,london prep>ation a portion ( sub-c>bonate ( ammonia is necess>ily pres5t4 ,! same *emi/ has also %ewn t ! proportion ( ,p]oxide ( iron 9 #bjj gra9s is n m ?an ?ree gra9s4 ,its equival5ts w be se5 9 ! ,m$ic9al ,dynamet]4 ,,solubility1 fj ( wat] dissolves iv ( x2 x is also v soluble 9 alcohol4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,! ,alkalies1 & _! ,c>bonates2 ,lime wat]1 & ,a/r+5t vegetables4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,x is tonic1 emm5agogue1 & ap]i5t1 b x is s unc]ta9 9 its composition & effects t x is r>ely us$4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep3 ,t9ct3 ,f]ri ,ammon3 ,l4 ,=m3 #cf1 #dc1 #ie4 ,,impurities4 ,^! are indicat$ by ! dull & pale yell[ col\r ( ! salt2 x may be purifi$ by resublim+ x4 ,,f]rum ,,t>t>izatum4 ,l4 ,,t>tras ,,potass ,,et ,,f]ri4 ,e4 ,,t>t>um ,,f]ri4 ,d4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 a p[d] ( a br[ni% gre5 col\r2 ,od\r1 none2 ,ta/e1 slightly /yptic2 x attracts humidity f ! atmosph]e1 b does n deliquesce4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,mr4 ,phillips has devot$ mu* att5tion to ?is subject1 & he /ates t z x is frequ5tly prep>$1 x is a m]e mixture ( metallic iron ) sup]-t>trate ( potass1 col\r$ by oxide ( iron2 :5 h[ev] x is made ) m c>e1 x appe>s to be a d\ble salt1 consi/+ ( t>trate ( potass & t>trate ( iron2 or may x n be "o ( ^? comb9ations :i* cream ( t>t> =ms ) metals1 & ( :i* ,i h spok5 "u ! article ,antimonium ,t>t>izatum8 ,! quantity ( p]oxide ( iron conta9$ 9 any weight ( ?is prep>ation may be se5 by ref]r+ to ! ,m$ic9al ,dynamet]2 five gra9s1 = in/ance1 w be f\nd to conta9 gr4 j ( p]oxide1 :i*1 x w be obs]v$1 are equival5t to xiv ( ! ,t9ctura ,f]ri ,muriatis1 & to xxv ( ! ,liquor ,f]ri ,alkal9i1 or to fj ( ! ,v9um ,f]ri4 ,,solubility4 ,x is v soluble 9 wat]1 & ! solution rema9s = a great l5g? ( "t )\t und]go+ any *ange1 except t ( deposit+ t>trate ( lime1 :i* is an incid5tal impurity 9 ! sup]-t>trate ( potass4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,all /rong acids2 lime wat]2 hydro-sulphuret ( potass2 a/r+5t vegetables8 ,! fix$ alkalies & _! c>bonates decompose ! solution v sl[ly1 unless heat$2 b ammonia & its sub-c>bonate produce ^u x no effect1 :e!r x be hot or cold2 ?is fact1 obs]ves ,mr4 ,phillips1 w enable u to exhibit iron 9 solution ) an alkali1 )\t ! occurr5ce ( an precipitate4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,! p]fect prep>ation1 f its t5d5cy to deliquesce1 _c be well ord]$ 9 ! =m ( p[d]2 t ( solution is probably ! mo/ judici\s4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x is suppos$ to add to its *alybeate virtues ^? ( a diuretic nature4 ,,dose1 grs4 x to ss4 ,see ,=m3 #cd1 #ec1 #ib4 ,dr4 ,bateman has recomm5d$ a wat]y solution ( x1 z a *alybeate peculi>ly suit$ to *ildr51 f its ta/eless quality4#eaj ,,filicis ,,radix4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,aspidium ,filix1 ,mas47 ,root ( ! ,male ,f]n4 ,,qualities4 ,?is root is ne>ly inodor\s2 its ta/e slightly bitt]1 sweeti%1 sub-a/r+5t1 & mucilag9\s2 z x conta9s no volatile +r$i5t1 x may be giv5 9 decoction1 b on acc\nt ( its a/r+5cy1 x mu/ n be conjo9$ ) a *alybeate4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,accord+ to ,m4 ,mor91 ! ,male ,f]n root owes its an!lm9tic prop]ty to a fatty sub/ance1 capable ( be+ saponifi$2 ( a nause\s od\r q l t ( ! root2 ( a v disagreeable ta/e1 heavi] ?an wat]1 & di/ill+ ) wat]1 & :5 burnt1 giv+ a d5se aromatic smoke4 ,! root1 moreov]1 conta9s gallic & acetic acids2 uncry/allizable sug>2 tann92 />*2 a gelat9\s matt] insoluble 9 wat] & alcohol2 lign9e2 & v>i\s salts4 ,m4 ,mor9 consid]s ! fatty matt] z =m$ ( a fix$ & a volatile oil1 b f>!r exp]im5ts are requir$ to make ! *>act]i/ic pr9ciple ( ?is root bett] und]/ood4 7,ann4 de ,*im4 xxvi4 #bai47 ,,dose1 z an an!lm9tic1#eaa j to iij1 foll[$ by a ca?>tic2 its use h[ev] is sup]s$$ by m p[]ful & c]ta9 v]mifuges4 ,! root is sometimes boil$ 9 ale to flav\r x4 ,,galbani ,,gummi ,,res9a4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,galbanum4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 v>iegat$ masses1 ( a yell[i% br[n col\r2 ,od\r1 fetid2 ,ta/e1 bitt] & acrid4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x is "o ( ^? vegetable products to :i* ! "n ( gum-res9 has be5 giv51 see ,elemi4 ,! late/ analysis ( galbanum by ,m4 ,meisn]1 af=ds ! foll[+ results1 ,res9 #feh2 ,gum #bbf2 ,c]as9 #ah2 ,malic acid #jb2 ,volatile oil #cd2 ,vegetable ,debris #bh2 loss #cd4 ,,solubility4 ,wat]1 w9e1 & v9eg>1 by trituration1 take up "o-f\r? ( its weight1 & =m a milky mixture1 :i* deposits its *>ge by re/2 a p]man5t susp5sion1 h[ev]1 may be effect$ by ! int]m$ium ( egg or ( gum arabic1 = :i* purpose ! galbanum w require half its weight ( gum4 ,alcohol takes up "o-fif? ( its weight1 & a gold5 yell[ t9cture results1 :i* has ! s5sible qualities ( ! galbanum1 & becomes milky on ! addition ( wat]1 b no precipitate falls4 ,a mixture ( two p>ts ( rectifi$ _s & "o ( wat]1 w dissolve all b ! impurities4 ,by di/illation1 galbanum yields half its weight ( volatile oil1 :i* at fir/ has a blue col\r4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x is antispasmodic1 expectorant1 & deob/ru5t1 & 9 a m$ical classification1 might be plac$ betwe5 ammonia & assaftida4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,no =m is pref]able to t ( pill4 ,,(fic9al4 ,,prep4 ,pil4 ,galbani comp4 ,l4 ,pil4 ,assaftid4 comp4 ,e4 7,b7 ,pil4 ,myrrh4 co4 ,d4 ,t9ct4 ,galb4 ,d4 ,empl4 ,galb4 ,d4 ,empla/4 ,galb4 co4 ,l4 ,empla/4 ,assaftid4 ,e4 7,b7 ,empla/4 ,gummos4 ,e4 ,,gall4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,cynips ,qu]cus folli ,nidus47 ,gall ,nuts4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 excresc5ces1 ne>ly r\nd & ( diff]5t magnitudes1 smoo? on ! surface1 b /udd$ ) tub]osities2 !y are heavy1 brittle1 & break ) a fl9ty fracture4 ,od\r1 none2 ,ta/e1 bitt] & v a/r+5t4 ,,solubility4 ,! :ole ( _! soluble matt] is tak5 up by =ty times _! weight ( boil+ wat]4 ,alcohol1 by dige/ion1 dissolves 4#g1 & !r 4#e ( _! sub/ance4 ,! wat]y infusion possesses all ! prop]ties ( ! gall-nut1 & r$d5s vegetable blues4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,is at pres5t involv$ 9 "s obscurity2 x conta9s tann91 gallic acid1 a concrete volatile oil1 & p]haps extractive & gum4 ,m4 ,braconnot has also lately discov]$ 9 ! gall-nut a new acid1 :i* he calls ,ellagic acid1 f ! ^w galle rev]s$1 a nom5clature :i* x mu/ be confess$ is at lea/ free f ! objections urg$ aga9/ t :i* is f\nd$ ^u *emical composition4 7,see ,annales de ,*imie1 vol4 ix4 p4 #ahg1 new s]ies2 also ,*ildr5's ,essay on ,*emical ,analysis1 p4 #bgf47 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,! infusion & t9cture ( galls possess habitudes ) :i* x is v important = ! m$ical practition] to be acqua9t$1 n only = ! purpose ( direct+ _! exhibition ) success1 b because ! elem5ts :i* imp>t to !m _! *>act]i/ic traits1 viz4 ,gallic ,acid & ,tann91#eab are v widely diffus$ ?r\gh ! products ( ! vegetable k+dom1 & w be f\nd to be con/antly active 9 _! *emical1 m$ic9al1 & ph>maceutical relations4 ,metallic salts1 especially ^? ( iron1 produce precipitates ) infusion ( galls1 compos$ ( tann91 gallic acid1 & ! metallic oxide2 ( ^! comp\nds ! tanno-gallate ( iron is ! mo/ /rik+1 be+ ( a black col\r2 ^? ( sub-acetate & acetate ( lead are greyi%2 t>t>iz$ antimony produces a yell[i%2 sulphate ( copp] a br[n2 sulphate ( z9c r$di% black2 nitrate ( silv]1 a deep olive2 & nitrate ( m]cury1 a bright yell[ precipitate2 ! oxy-muriate ( m]cury produces only an opacity4 ,sulphuric acid ?r[s d[n a yell[i% curdy precipitate1 muriatic1 a flaky & :ite "o1 & nitric acid m]ely modifies ! col\r ( ! infusion1 al?\gh x de/roys its a/r+5cy2 ! solution ( ammonia occasions no precipitate b r5d]s ! col\r deep]1 ! c>bonate h[ev] ?r[s d[n a precipitate2 ! c>bonates ( ! fix$ alkalies produce a yell[i% flaky1 & lime wat] a copi\s gre5 precipitate4 ,! tann9 9 ! infusion ( galls is precipitat$ by a solution ( is+lass or ( any o!r animal jelly1 by t ( />*1 & by _m metallic oxides4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,galls are mo/ p[]fully a/r+5t4 ,! native practition]s ( ,india n only adm9i/] !m z a/r+5ts 9 dys5t]y1 b z tonics 9 cases ( int]mitt5t fev]4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,9 t ( p[d]2 & 9 comb9ation ) o!r a/r+5ts 7,=m4 #ea17 or ) aromatics & bitt]s4 ,z a local rem$y ! gall-nut ent]s into g>gles & injections2 = bl9d piles1 an o9tm5t compos$ ( #b p>ts ( f9ely p[d]$ galls1 & a small portion ( opium1 ) ?ree p>ts ( simple o9tm5t z an excipi5t1 (f]s a v valuable res\rce4 7,=m4 #ee47 ,9 "s cases ( hemorrhoids1 prolapsus ani1 & fluor albus1 ! application may be made 9 ! =m ( a fom5tation1 = :i* purpose two dra*ms ( bruis$ galls %\ld be mac]at$ = an h\r 9 a p9t ( boil+ wat]1 :i*1 :5 cold1 may be us$ 9 ! usual mann]4 ,,dose1 = int]nal exhibition1 grs4 x-ij1 or m4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,t9ct4 ,gall>um4 ,e4,d4 ,,obs]vation4 ,^? :i* are small1 protub]ant1 blui%1 & heavy1 are ! be/1 be+ su* z h be5 collect$ be=e ! l>v )9 !m _h *ang$ to ! /ate ( fly1 & eat5 _! way out2 a :ite1 or a r$ hue indicates an inf]ior quality1 & are ^? f :i* ! insect has escap$4 ,aleppo galls are ! mo/ valuable1 z be+ ! mo/ a/r+5t4 ,,g5tian ,,radix4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,g5tiana ,lutea1 ,radix47 ,g5tian ,root4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 wr9kl$ pieces ( v>i\s l5g? & ?ickness2 ,od\r1 n p>ticul>2 ,ta/e1 int5sely bitt]1 b n nause\s4 ,,*emical ,,composition1 res91 a small portion ( oil1 bitt] extractive1 & a proportion ( tann92 x conta9s also mucilage1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ! infusion frequ5tly becomes ropy4 ,s9ce ! la/ edition ( ?is "w1 ! cont95tal *emi/s h ann\nc$ ! exi/5ce ( an alkal9e pr9ciple1 :i* !y call ,g5tia or ,g5tiania1 & :i* is said to conc5trate )9 itself all ! virtues ( ! ,g5tian root2 x does n appe> to be 9 ! lea/ poison\s2 ,m4 ,maj5die has inject$ x into ! ve9s )\t any obvi\s effects1 & has himself swall[$ two gra9s )\t exp]i5c+ any s5sation b t ( extreme bitt]ness1 foll[$ by g5tle w>m? 9 ! region ( ! /oma*4#eac ,! root1 moreov]1 conta9s sac*>9e matt]1 = :5 f]m5t$ ) wat]1 x yields a _s :i* is ext5sively us$ by ! ,swiss4 ,,solubility4 ,! virtues ( ?is root are extract$ by wat] & alcohol2 pro( _s is p]haps its mo/ p]fect m5/ruum4 ,see ,infus4 ,g5tian4 comp4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x is tonic & /oma*ic1 & its use = su* purposes is ( anci5t date2#ead 9 dyspepsia1 hy/]ia1 & 9 all cases :]e a vegetable bitt] is indicat$1 x w be f\nd a s]viceable rem$y4 ,,dose1 9 sub/ance1 f grs4 x to j4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,extract3 ,g5tian4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,infusum ,g5tian comp4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,t9ct4 ,g5tian4 comp4 ,l4,e4,d4#eae ,v9um ,g5tian compositum4 ,e4 ,,g]anium ,,maculatum4 7,spott$ ,g]anium47 ,radix4 ,?is plant is v common 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & is usually f\nd 9 ! vic9ity ( moi/1 woody situations4 ,f ! analysis ( ,bigel[1 x appe>s to conta9 a v l>ge proportion ( tann94 ,x is accord+ly p[]fully a/r+5t1 & has be5 us$ ) advantage 9 di>rha1 *ronic1 dys5t]y & *ol]a infantum4 ,9 p[d] ! dose ( ! ,g]anium is f #bj to #cj grs4--9 extract1 #aj grs4--9 t9cture f j to ij--& 9 decoction f j to ij4 ,,glycyrrhiz ,,radix4 ,l4,e4,d44nf c 7,glycyrrhiza ,glabra47 ,liquorice ,root4 ,/ick ,liquorice4 ,,qualities4 ,ta/e1 sweet & mucilag9\s4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,gum1 ) a peculi> modication ( sac*>9e matt] 7,glycion71 or sug> 9 its pure/ =m1 = x is n f]m5table2 on :i* acc\nt x is add$ to be] = ! purpose ( imp>t+ a sweet ta/e1 & at ! same "t enabl+ x to keep bett]4 ,,solubility4 ,wat] extracts bo? its pr9ciples1 b by long coction x becomes bitt]2 alcohol extracts only its sac*>9e matt]4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x is pr9cipally employ$ z a demulc5t 9 comb9ation ) o!r mucilag9\s vegetables2 ! root w yield ne>ly half its weight ( extract4 ,liquorice cov]s ! ta/e ( "s unpalatable m$ic9es m effectually ?an any o!r sub/ance1 & x has long enjoy$ ! reputation ( assuag+ ?ir/1 :5ce ! ,greeks di/+ui%$ ?is root by ! t]m ,adipson2 &1 p]haps1 ! ,engli% ^w ,liquorice may be d]iv$ f ! same belief4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,decoct3 ,s>sap>ill3 comp4 ,l4,d4 7,o7 ,infus3 ,l9i1 ,l4 7,b7 ,extract3 ,glycyrrhiz4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,confectio ,s5n#eaf ,l4,e4 7,o7 ,,adult]ations4 ,! p[d]$ root is g5]ally sophi/icat$ ) fl\r1 & sometimes ) p[d]$ guaiacum2 ! fraud may be detect$ by its col\r be+ a f9e pale1 in/ead ( a br[ni% yell[1 & by its r$uc$ or =eign flav\r4 ,,granati ,,cortex4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,punica ,granatum4 ,pomorum ,cortex4 ,pomegranate ,b>k4 ,:at has be5 said respect+ ! ,gall-nut1 applies ) equal tru? to ?is sub/ance4 ,! efficacy ( ! b>k ( ! root ( ! pomegranate1 says ,dr4 ,a9slie 7,mat4 ,m$4 ( ,h9do/an71 z a rem$y = ! tape worm is n[ well e/abli%$ 9 ,india2 x is giv5 9 decoction1 prep>$ ) two ounces ( ! fre% b>k1 boil$ 9 a p9t & a half ( wat] until only ?ree qu>t]s ( a p9t rema94 ,,guaiaci ,,res9a ,,et ,,lignum4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,guaiacum ,(fic9ale74 ,! ,res9 & ,wood ( ,guaiacum4 ,a4 ,,! ,,wood4 ,,qualities4 ,?is wood is heavi] ?an wat]1 & emits :5 heat$ an aromatic od\r2 ,ta/e1 bitt]i% & sub-acrid2 to extract its virtues long decoction is requir$4 ,x has enjoy$ great reputation z a specific 9 ! v5]eal disease2 x 0 import$ into ,europe 9 #aeag1 & ga9$ imm$iate celebrity f cur+ ! celebrat$ ,van ,hutt53 long be=e ?is p]iod1 h[ev]1 x 0 us$ by ! natives ( ,/4 ,dom+o4 ,bo]haave1 s late z ! eighte5? c5tury1 ma9ta9$ its specific p[]s4 ,x seems probable t ! discipl9e :i* always accompani$ its exhibition1 su* z sweat+1 ab/95ce1 & purgation1 might be ! means1 9 ! w>m] climates1 ( effect+ cures :i* 7 attribut$ to ! guaiacum4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,decoct3 ,guaiaci comp3 ,e4 ,decoct3 ,s>sap>ill3 comp3 ,l4,d4 ,b4 ,,! ,,guaiac1 or ,res94 ,,qualities4 ,=m2 x has ! aspect ( a gum res92 ,col\r1 gre5i% br[n2 x is easily pulv]iz$1 & ! p[d]1 :i* is at fir/ grey1 becomes gre5 on exposure to air & light1 :i* appe>s to dep5d ^u ! absorption ( oxyg53 :5 heat$1 x loses its col\r2 x melts by heat2 & has a sp4 grav3 ( #abbhi4 ,,solubility4 ,wat] dissolves out ( x ab\t #i p] c5t4 ( extractive matt]2 alcohol #ie1 & !r #dj p>ts 9 a hundr$4 ,! alkal9e solutions & _! c>bonates dissolve x readily2 ,sulphuric acid dissolves x ) sc>cely any eff]vesc5ce1 & af=ds a solution ( a ri* cl>et col\r2 ,nitric acid dissolves x ) a copi\s extrication ( nitr\s fumes2 ,muriatic acid dissolves a small portion only2 b 9 all ^! cases ! guaiacum is decompos$2 ! acids are !re=e incompatible ) x4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,! exp]im5ts ( ,mr4 ,hat*ett demon/rate t x is a sub/ance sui g5]is1 & n a res91 or gum-res94 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,/imulant1 diaphoretic1#eag & 9 l>ge doses1 purgative4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,9 t ( bolus2 or diffus$ 9 wat]1 by means ( "o half ( its own weight ( gum arabic4 ,,dose1 gr4 x4 to ss4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep3 ,mi/3 ,guaiac3 ,l4 ,t9ct4 ,guaiac4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,t9ct4 ,guaiac4 ,ammoniat4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,pulv4 ,aloes com4 ,l4,d4 7,o4,m47 ,,adult]ations4 ,common res9 may be detect$ by ! turp5t9e emitt$ :5 ! guaiac is ?r[n ^u hot coals2 ,man*9al gum1 by add+ to ! t9cture a few drops ( sweet _s ( nitre1 & dilut+ ) wat]2 ! guaiac is ?us precipitat$1 b ! adult]ation floats 9 :ite /ri4 ,h,,matoxyli ,,lignum4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,hmatoxylon ,campe*ianum74 ,logwood4 ,,qualities4 ,! wood is h>d1 compact1 & heavy4 ,od\r1 none2 ,ta/e1 sweet1 & a/r+5t2 ,col\r1 deep r$4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,! col\r+ matt] ( ?is wood has be5 v rec5tly submitt$ to a rigid exam9ation2 & ! "n ( ,hemat9 has be5 giv5 to x2 x af=ds small brilliant cry/als ( a r$di% :ite col\r1 & slightly a/r+5t1 bitt]1 & acrid flav\r2 sulphurett$ hydrog5 pass$ ?r\gh its solution 9 wat]1 gives x a yell[ col\r1 :i* disappe>s 9 a few days4 ,gelat9e ?r[s x d[n 9 r$di% flakes4 ,! habitudes ( ,logwood are curi\s ) respect to mutability ( col\r4 ,! rec5t infusion1 made ) di/ill$ wat]1 is yell[1 b t ) common wat] has a r$di% purple col\r1 :i* is deep5$ by ! alkalies1 & *ang$ to yell[ by ! acids2 v>i\s salts precipitate x2 acetate ( lead2 alum2 ! sulphates ( copp] & iron2 t>t>iz$ antimony2 & sulphuric1 muriatic1 nitric1 & acetic acids1 are on ?is acc\nt incompatible ) x4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x is suppos$ to be a/r+5t1 & is !re=e giv5 9 protract$ di>rhz1 & 9 ! latt] /age ( dys5t]y4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,extract4 ,hmatoxyli4 ,l4 ,,hellebori ,f,,tidi ,,folia ,l4 7,helleborus ,ftidus74 ,,hellebora/]4 ,d4 ,! ,leaves ( ,ftid ,hellebore4 ,z ?is plant is m]ely reta9$ 9 ! li/ ( mat]ia m$ica on acc\nt ( its an!lm9tic prop]ties1 x might be well disp5s$ )1 s9ce we possess _m o!rs :i* are mu* m safe1 z well z m efficaci\s4 ,,hellebori ,,nigri ,,radix4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,! ,root ( ,black ,hellebore4 ,melampodium4#eah ,*ri/mas ,rose4 ,,qualities4 ,! fibres ( ! root are ! p>ts employ$2 !y are ab\t ! ?ickness ( a /raw1 corrugat$1 ext]nally ( a deep d>k col\r1 h5ce ! epi!t black2 int]nally :ite1 or ( a yell[i% hue4 ,od\r1 unpleasant2 ,ta/e1 bitt] & acrid4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,an analysis ( ?is root has lately be5 effect$ by ,m4 ,m4 ,f5eulle & ,capron1 f :i* x appe>s t its active pr9ciple1 unlike t ( ! ,:ite ,hellebore 7,v]atrum7 is n an alkali2 ! foll[+ sub/ances ent] into its composition1 viz4 #a4 ,a ,volatile ,oil4--#b4 ,a ,fatty matt]4--#c4 ,a ,res94--#d4 ,wax4--#e4 ,a ,volatile ,acid4--#f4 ,a bitt] pr9ciple4--#g4 ,mucus4--#h4 ,alum9a4--#i4 ,gallate ( ,potass4--#aj4 ,acidul\s ,gallate ( ,lime4--#aa4 ,a ,salt1 ) an ,ammoniacal base4 ,,solubility4 ,bo? wat] & alcohol extract its virtues1 b ! spiritu\s solution is ! mo/ active2 long coction dim9i%es its p[]s1 h5ce ! wat]y extract acts m mildly ?an ! root4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ anci5t articles ( ! mat]ia m$ica4 ,ctesias1 :o liv$ 9 ! "t ( ,plato1 & ant]ior to ,hippocrates1 speaks ( x z a m$ic9e ( important virtues4 ,by ! ,greek & ,roman physicians x 0 highly e/eem$ z a rem$y 9 ,mania 7see p4 #h47 ,! extraord9>y cures p]=m$ at ! isl& ( ,anticyrus1 fam\s = its ,hellebore1 are celebrat$ by ! poets & hi/orians ( antiquity4 ,x is a dra/ic ca?>tic1 & may prove !re=e emm5agogue1 & hydragogue1 b 9 ?is c\ntry1 its reputation has be5 de/roy$ by ! decid$ mann] 9 :i* ,dr4 ,cull5 reprobat$ its use4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,x is seldom giv5 9 sub/ance1 b 9 ! =m ( t9cture or extract2 or 9 t ( decoction1 made ) two dra*ms ( ! root to a p9t ( wat]4 ,,dose ( ! p[d]$ root1 grs4 x to j2 ( ! decoction1 fj4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,t9ct4 ,hellebori ,nigri4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,extractum ,hellebori ,nigri4 ,e4,d4 ,,adult]ations4 ,! roots ( ! poison\s aconites are (t5 fraudul5tly sub/itut$2 ?is is easily discov]$1 = ! aconite is light] col\r$ ?an ! pale/ specim5s ( black hellebore2 x is safe !re=e to *oose ! d>ke/4 ,,hordei ,,sem9a4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,hordeum ,di/i*on4 ,sem9a1 tunicis nudata47 ,hordeum ,p]latum4 ,pe>l ,b>ley4 ,b>ley is =m$ into ,pe>l ,b>ley1 by ! removal ( its husk or cuticle1#eai & aft]w>ds by be+ r\nd$ & poli%$ 9 a mill4 ,^! well kn[n granules consi/ *iefly ( fecula1 ) portions ( mucilage1 glut51 & sug>1 :i* wat] extracts by decoction1 b ! solution soon passes into ! acet\s f]m5tation2 ! bran ( b>ley conta9s an acrid res91 & x is to get rid ( su* an +r$i5t t x is depriv$ ( its cuticle4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,decoct4 ,hordei4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,decoct4 ,hordei4 comp4 ,l4,d4 ,,humuli ,,/robili4 ,l4,e4 7,humulus ,lupulus4 ,/roboli ,siccati47 ,,qualities4 ,od\r1 fragrant1 & sub-n>cotic4 ,ta/e1 bitt]1 a/r+5t1 & aromatic4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,tann91 #e grs42 ,extractive1 #aj grs42 ,bitt] pr9ciple1 #aa grs42 ,wax1 #ab grs42 ,res91 #cf grs42 ,lign91 #df grs4 ,! fact1 ) respect to ! resid5ce ( ! prop]ties ( ! hop 9 ! yell[ gra9s scatt]$ ov] its scales1 has be5 s9ce confirm$ by ! obs]vations ( ,m4 ,pay5 & ,a4 ,*evali]1 :o h moreov] detect$ a volatile oil 9 ! ,lupul91 am\nt+ to #b p] c5t42 its proportion1 h[ev]1 appe>s to v>y 9 ! ,hop ( diff]5t c\ntries2 ! ,fr5* hop1 = in/ance1 has be5 f\nd to conta9 m ?an ! ,belgic1 b less ?an ! ,engli%2 ,hops1 moreov]1 soon aft] hav+ be5 pick$1 yield1 ct]is p>ibus1 m oil & less res9 ?an ! old2 a circum/ance :i* induc$ ,m4 ,m4 ,pay5 & ,*evali] to suspect t ! oil is capable ( be+ res9ifi$4 7,j\rnal de ,ph>macie1 ,ju9 #ahbb47 ,?is oil is simil> 9 od\r to ! hop1 b mu* m p5etrat+1 n>cotic1 & v acrid 9 ! ?roat4 ,,solubility4 ,boil+ wat]1 alcohol1 & !r1 extract _! virtues2 b _! aromatic flav\r is de/roy$ by decoction2 l mo/ vegetable bitt]s1 ! cold is m grateful ?an ! w>m infusion2 its col\r is deep5$ by alkalies1 & r5d]$ turbid by ! m9]al acids2 metallic salts also produce decomposition4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,hops h be5 said to be tonic1 n>cotic1 & diuretic2 !y h be5 recomm5d$ 9 ! cure ( rheumatism2 &1 l _m articles 9 ! mat]ia m$ica :i* h receiv$ ! sanction ( respectable practition]s1 !y h be5 extoll$ f> beyond _! m]it4 ,!y und\bt$ly possess ! advantages ( a pleasant bitt] comb9$ ) a feeble n>cotic2 ! late ,mr4 ,freake 0 v sangu9e z to _! p[]s1 & at 8 reque/ ,i made a s]ies ( exp]im5ts at ! ,we/m9/] ,hospital1 b ,i confess t _! results h n e/abli%$ my confid5ce 9 _! efficacy4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,extract4 ,humili4 ,l4 ,t9ct4 ,humili4 ,l4 ,_! use z a pres]vative ( be] is well kn[n1 & ! philosophy ( _! ag5cy is fully describ$ 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is "w1 7page #afh72 x is equally notori\s1 t v>i\s vegetable sub/ances are daily sub/itut$ = !m1 su* z ,quassia#ebj & ,wormwood1 bo? ( :i* are inf]ior to ! ,m5yan!s ,trifoliata1 or ,m>% ,trefoil4 ,! p ( ,j]sey are said to use ! wood-sage1 ,teucrium ,scorodonia2 x imp>ts h[ev] a v high col\r to ! be]4 ,dur+ ! fir/ f\r ye>s t ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope 0 9 ! possession ( ! ,briti%1 m ?an #cjj1jjj p\nds ( ,aloes 7 import$ into ,engl&2 h[ c\ld su* a quantity be consum$8 except1 z ,mr4 ,b>r[ /ates1 by ! ,london ,port] brew]s2 x mu/ h[ev] be all[$ t a consid]able quantity ( ?is article is us$ by ! ,v>ni% mak]s4 ,,hydr>gyrum4#eba ,l4,d4 ,,hydr>cyrus4 ,e4 ,olim1 ,arg5tum vivum4 ,m]cury1 or ,quicksilv]4 ,m]cury1 9 its metallic /ate1 is nev] appli$ to any m$ical use1#ebb except 9 visc]al ob/ruction1 9 hopes ( =c+ a passage by its gravity2 b "u v>i\s =ms ( prep>ation1 x af=ds a s]ies ( v active rem$ies4 ,,adult]ations4 ,) ! exception ( ,p]uvian ,b>k1 !re is p]haps no active article 9 ! mat]ia m$ica m %amefully adult]at$2 its impurity is at once indicat$ by its dull aspect2 by its t>ni%+1 & becom+ cov]$ ) a grey film2 by its dim9i%$ mobility1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* its globules are unable to reta9 ! sph]ical =m1 & !re=e tail1 z x is te*nically express$4 ,lead is discov]$ by dissolv+ x 9 nitric acid1 & add+ to ! solution wat] impregnat$ ) sulphurett$ hydrog51 :51 if lead be pres5t1 a d>k br[n precipitate w ensue4 ,bismu?1 by p\r+ ! nitric solution into di/ill$ wat]1 :5 x w appe> z a :ite precipitate4 ,z9c1 by expos+ ! m]cury to heat4 ,t9 is detect$ by a dilute solution ( nitro-muriate ( gold1 :i* ?r[s d[n a purple precipitate4 ,! pres5ce ( lead 9 m]cury is a mo/ dang]\s circum/ance2 ,i h once witness$ a case ( *olica pictonum 9 consequ5ce ( x4 ,! usual mode ( purify+ quicksilv]1 by press+ x ?r\gh *amois lea!r1 w n sep>ate ! lead1 if x be1 z is g5]ally ! case1 9 comb9ation ) bismu?2 = ! mann] 9 :i* ! adult]ation is effect$1 is by melt+ ) a g5tle heat ^! two metals1 & add+ ! alloy to ! m]cury2 & al?\gh ?is alloy %\ld exce$ "o-f\r? ( ! :ole bulk1 x w pass1 toge!r ) ! m]cury1 ?r\gh *amois lea!r4 ,on /&+1 ! bismu? w be ?r[n ^u ! surface1 9 ! =m ( a d>k p[d]1 b ! lead w rema9 9 solution4 ,! greate/ "p ( ! m]cury ( comm]ce comes f ,i/ria & ,friuli1 & f ! ,palat9ate1 & z x passes ?r\gh ! h&s ( ! ,dut*1 we mu/ expect to receive x 9 a /ate ( alloy4 ,on a sup]ficial exam9ation1 x ought n1 :5 %ak5 ) wat]1 to imp>t to x any col\r2 :5 agitat$ or dige/$ ) v9eg>1 x %\ld n communicate a sweeti% ta/e2 & :5 expos$ 9 an iron spoon to heat1 x ought to evaporate entirely4 ,! ,fr5* are s well aw>e ( ! mis*iev\s ext5t to :i* ?is metal is falsifi$1 t 9 _! late ,codex !y direct ! r$uction ( ! r$ oxyd 9 ord] to obta9 x2 ! process h[ev] is too exp5sive = g5]al adoption4 ,! ,italian ,jews purify quicksilv] = _! b>omet]s1 by dige/+ x 9 dilute sulphuric acid1 :i* is by no means an improp] process4 ,! mode direct$ = ! purification ( m]cury by ! ,london ,college1 7,hydr>gyrum ,purificatum7 is unable to sep>ate x completely f its m delet]i\s contam9ations4 ,x is a g5]al op9ion 9 ,g]many1 t m]cury1 boil$ 9 wat]1 w imp>t to x an an!lm9tic virtue2#ebc ?is1 if x happ5s1 c only dep5d ^u ! impurities ( ! m]cury2 b l>ge draughts ( cold wat] are 9 !mselves an!lm9tic4 ,al?\gh metallic m]cury 9 its fluid =m ex]ts no effect ^u ! animal sy/em1 x1 nev]!less1 9 a /ate ( vap\r1 manife/s consid]able p[]s2 & x is necess>y = ! practition] to be in=m$ t x assumes ?is condition at ! ord9>y temp]ature ( ! atmosph]e4 ,i h /at$ sev]al exp]im5ts 9 pro( ( ?is fact 9 my "w on ,m$ical ,jurisprud5ce1 ,art4 8,a]ial ,poisons10 to :i* ! read] may ref]4 ,,hydr>gyrum ,,pr,,cipitatum ,,album4 ,l4 ,,sub-,,murias ,,hydr>gyri ,,ammoniatum4 ,d4 ,:ite ,precipitate4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 an impalpable p[d] ( a sn[y :it5ess2 ,od\r & ,ta/e1 none4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x is a triple comp\nd ( oxide ( m]cury #ha1 muriatic acid #af1 ammonia #c p>ts4 ,,solubility4 ,x is insoluble 9 wat]1 & 9 alcohol2 :5 triturat$ ) lime wat] x does n become black4 ,x is n[ only us$ 9 comb9ation ) l>d z an o9tm5t2 =m]ly x 0 adm9i/]$ int]nally1 & ,bo]haave /rongly recomm5ds x z a safe & mild m]curial1 & z seldom1 if ev]1 excit+ copi\s salivation4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,ungu5t4 ,hydr>g4 prcipitati albi4 ,l4,d4 ,,hydr>gyrum ,,cum ,,creta4 ,l4,d4 ,m]cury ) ,*alk4 ,?is is m]cury slightly oxydiz$ by trituration1 & mix$ ) *alk4 ,grs4 iij conta9 ab\t "o gra9 ( m]cury4 ,,dose1 grs4 v to ss4 ,x is a mild & excell5t m]curial1 & has be5 kn[n to cure syphilitic affections1 :5 ! con/itution _h prov$ rebelli\s to e o!r =m ( prep>ation4 ,dr4 ,george ,=dyce committ$ a great error1 :5 he d5i$ to ?is comp\nd any m]curial efficacy4 ,! peculi> mildness ( ?is prep>ation has be5 v ju/ly attribut$ to ! effects ( ! c>bonate ( lime1 9 neutraliz+ acid matt] 9 ! prim vi4 ,9 ,mes5t]ic affections ,i h employ$ x ) mu* advantage2 9 c]ta9 =ms ( ,dys5t]y x is also a v valuable m$ic9e4 ,,hydr>gyri ,,nitrico-,,oxydum4 ,l4 ,,oxydum ,,hydr>gyri ,,rubrum ,,p] ,,acidum ,,nitricum4 ,e4 ,,oxydum ,,hydr>gyri ,,nitricum4 ,d4 ,nitric ,oxyd ( ,m]cury--,r$ ,precipitate4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 small scales ( a bright r$ col\r2 ,ta/e1 acrid & corrosive4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x is /rictly speak+ a sub-nitrate ( m]cury1 = if x be boil$ = a %ort "t ) six times its weight ( wat]1 ! liquor :5 filt]$ yields a precipitate ) ammonia4 ,,solubility4 ,x is slightly soluble 9 wat]1 b ext5sively 9 nitric acid1 )\t any eff]vesc5ce4 ,,uses4 ,x is us$ only ext]nally1 z an es*>otic4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,ungu5t4 ,hydr>gyri ,nitrico-oxyd4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,,adult]ations4 ,r$ ,lead may be detect$ by dige/+ x 9 acetic acid1 & add+ sulphuret ( ammonia1 :i* w produce a d>k-col\r$ precipitate3 x %\ld be totally volatiliz$ by heat4 ,,hydr>gyri ,,oxydum ,,c9]eum4 ,l4,e4 ,,pulvis ,,hydr>gyri ,,c9]eus4 ,d4 ,grey ,oxyd ( ,m]cury4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 an impalpable grey col\r$ p[d]1 :i* becomes pal] on exposure to air & light4 ,od\r & ta/e1 none4 ,,*em4 ,,composition4 ,:5 prop]ly prep>$ x is protoxide ( m]cury2 b1 z frequ5tly f\nd 9 ! %ops1 x conta9s a mixture ( ! triple salt consi/+ ( oxide ( m]cury1 ammonia1 & nitric acid4 ,x is r>ely us$2 al?\gh ,dr4 ,saund]s sugge/$ x z a succ$aneum = ,pl5ck's rem$y1 & ,mr4 ,ab]ne?y consid]s x pref]able to ! r$ ,sulphuret = m]curial fumigation1 on acc\nt ( its n yield+ any suffocat+ vap\r4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,ungu5t4 ,oxyd4 ,hydr>g4 c9]4 ,e4 ,,hydr>gyri ,,oxydum ,,rubrum4 ,l4 ,,oxydum ,,hydr>gyri4 ,d4 ,r$ ,oxyd ( ,m]cury4 ,! ,precipitate p] se ( ! old] ,*emi/s4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 m9ute cry/all9e scales1 ( a deep r$ col\r1 inodor\s1 b acrid & cau/ic2 x is soluble 9 sev]al ( ! acids )\t decomposition2 x is also slightly soluble 9 wat]2 f :i* solution x is precipitat$ by ammonia4 ,,uses4 ,x is v active z a m]curial1 & has be5 a fav\rite rem$y ) ,john ,hunt] 7,=m4 #ada7 & o!r celebrat$ practition]s2 x is h[ev] apt to affect ! b[els1 & is !re=e n[ r>ely employ$ except z an ext]nal application4 ,,dose1 gr4 j4 comb9$ ) opium gss4 ,,adult]ations4 ,x is seldom adult]at$1 z x w\ld be difficult to f9d a sub/ance suit$ to t purpose4 ,if well prep>$ x may be totally volatiliz$ by heat4 ,,hydr>gyri ,,oxy-,,murias4 ,l4 ,,murias ,,hydr>gyri ,,corrosivus4 ,e4,d4 ,oxy-muriate ( ,m]cury4 ,corrosive ,muriate ( ,m]cury4 ,corrosive ,sublimate4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 a cry/all9e mass1 compos$ ( v small prismatic cry/als1 :i* is easily pulv]iz$1 & und]goes a slight alt]ation by exposure to air1 becom+ on its surface opaque & pulv]ul5t4 ,light1 h[ev]1 has no effect ^u x1 al?\gh a diff]5t op9ion has exi/$1 & x has accord+ly be5 recomm5d$ to be kept 9 black bottles4 ,od\r1 none4 ,ta/e1 v acrid1 ) a metallic a/r+5cy1 occasion+ a s5sation ( ob/ruction 9 ! ?roat :i* cont9ues = "s "t4 ,sp4 gr4 #eacih4 ,:5 pulv]is$ & ?r[n ^u burn+ coals1 x is imm$iately volatiliz$1 giv+ out a ?ick :ite smoke ( a v pung5t smell1 :i* irritates ! muc\s membranes extremely1 & is highly dang]\s to ^? :o inhale x4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,accord+ to ! late/ views1 x is a ,bi-*loride ( m]cury1 consi/+ ( "o proportional ( m]cury1 to two proportionals ( *lor9e4 ,9 ! ,fr5* codex1 x is t]m$ 8,deuto-,*loruretum ,hydr>gyri40 ,,solubility4 ,x is soluble 9 elev5 p>ts ( cold1 & 9 ?ree ( boil+ wat]1 & 9 half its weight ( alcohol2 x is also v soluble 9 !r2 inde$ ?is latt] liquid has ! curi\s prop]ty ( ab/ract+ x f its solution 9 wat]1 :5 agitat$ ) x4 ,its solubility 9 wat] is greatly increas$ by ! addition ( a few drops ( rectifi$ _s1 or ( muriatic acid4 ,9 a solution ( muriate ( ammonia x is sev5te5 times m soluble ?an 9 wat]1 no decomposition h[ev] arises2 x is !re=e probable t a triple salt is =m$2 x is also soluble 9 ! sulphuric1 nitric1 & muriatic acids1 & may be obta9$ aga9 unalt]$1 by simply evaporat+ ! solutions4 ,dr4 ,davy1 9 8 late rese>*es ^u corrosive sublimate /ates t ) muriatic acid1 common salt1 & "s o!r muriates1 x =ms def9ite comp\nds rem>kable = _! solubility4 ,its wat]y solution is said to *ange vegetable blues to gre51 b ?is is an optical fallacy1 7see page #cjf47 ,on exposure to light ?is solution sl[ly und]goes decomposition2 b ,dr4 ,davy has %ewn t corrosive sublimate rema9s unalt]$ :5 expos$ 9 solution 9 m$ia hav+ a /rong aff9ity = x1 z 9 alcohol1 !r1 muriatic acid1 c4 & t decomposition only takes place "u circum/ances ( complicat$ aff9ities1 z 9 ! in/ance ( ,liquor ,hydr>gyri ,oxymuriatis1 & 9 t ( ! aque\s solution2 9 :i* cases ,calomel & ,muriatic acid appe> to be =m$1 & oxyg5 to be evolv$4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,! c>bonates ( ! fix$ alkalies precipitate x ( a yell[ hue1 b ! precipitates are n pure oxides2 ammonia =ms ) x a :ite triple comp\nd4 ,lime wat] decomposes x m p]fectly ?an any alkal9e body1 occasion+ a precipitate ( a deep yell[ col\r1#ebd :i* is a p]-oxyd ( m]cury conta9+ a little muriatic acid2 ?is result =ms a useful lotion to ill condition$ ulc]s1 & has be5 long kn[n "u ! title ( ,aqua ,phagad5ica2 fj ( lime wat] %\ld be employ$ = ! decomposition ( two gra9s ( ! salt4 ,t>t>iz$ antimony1 nitrate ( silv]1 acetate ( lead1 sulphur1 sulphuret ( potass1 & soaps1 decompose x4 ,iron1 lead1 copp]1 bismu?1 & z9c1 9 _! metallic /ate1 also decompose x1 produc+ precipitates :i* consi/ ( an amalgam ( ! metal employ$1 except 9 ^? cases :]e ! metal 9 "q refuses to amalgamate ) m]cury1 :5 ?is latt] metal appe>s z a metallic dew1 compos$ ( v m9ute globules1 ) calomel2 h5ce mort>s ( glass or e>!nw>e %\ld be us$ = disp5s+ ?is article2 :5 triturat$ ) olive oil1 ! oil becomes :ite1 & :5 boil$ ) x1 calomel is precipitat$2 ! same happ5s if sug> be sub/itut$ = oil4 ,! volatile oils r$uce x4 ,:5 ,oil ( ,turp5t9e 0 us$1 "s traces ( artificial camphor 0 discov]$ by ,dr4 ,davy1 & :5 ! oils ( ,cloves & ,pepp]m9t1 a purple comp\nd di/ill$ ov]1 consi/+ ( ! oil employ$ & muriatic acid4 ,! foll[+ vegetable infusions produce precipitates1 viz4 ! infusions & decoctions ( *amomile1 horse-radi% root1 calumba root1 cate*u1 c9*ona1 rhub>b1 s5na1 sim>\ba1 oak b>k1 tea & almond emulsion4 ,sw$iaur obs]ves1 t 8_m au?ors h recomm5d$ sublimate comb9$ ) b>k1 b t a reciprocal decomposition is ?us produc$1 by :i* ! en]gies ( bo? rem$ies are alike annull$20 to ?is ignorance1 h[ev]1 he ?9ks t _m pati5ts h be5 indebt$ = _! lives2 =1 says he1 8,i see e day examples ( weak & v delicate p]sons ( bo? sexes1 to :om ignorant practition]s prescribe1 & sometimes 9 v l>ge doses1 ! corrosive sublimate1 ) a decoction ( b>k2 c]ta9ly )\t cur+ ! syphilis1 b at ! same "t )\t occasion+ ^? grave & dang]\s symptoms1 :i* t acrid m$ic9e w\ld c]ta9ly produce1 if giv5 alone1 or )\t t decoction40 ,we h "h pres5t$ ! read] ) ! op9ion ( ,sw$iaur2 b x is j to /ate1 t ! exp]i5ce ( ?is c\ntry has r t5d$ to subv]t1 ?an to confirm1 su* a belief4 ,t ! corrosive sublimate ( m]cury is actually decompos$ by ! vegetable pr9ciples ( ! b>k is suffici5tly evid5t1 b x w\ld seem t ! oxide ?us develop$1 & recomb9$ ) vegetable extractive1 is a v active m]curial1 especially ) respect to its alt]ative p[]s4 ,! same obs]vation w1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 apply to ! results ( its decomposition by o!r ag5ts2 ! fix$ alkalies h be5 f\nd by actual exp]im5t to be incapable ( dis>m+ ?is salt ( its virul5ce1 because1 z ,orfila has /at$1 ! oxide lib]at$ is1 9 itself1 an active poison4 ,mr4 ,rose has lately transmitt$ to me a =mula = ! prep>ation ( 8,alt]ative ,drops10 :i* he /ates1 f ample exp]i5ce1 to possess v consid]able p[]s z a m]curial1 & to excite ptyalism1 ) a quickness & c]ta9ty :i* *>act]ize b few prep>ations ( ! same class4 ,! pr9cipal +r$i5ts are an alcoholic solution ( corrosive sublimate & a v9\s solution ( t>t>iz$ antimony4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to obs]ve t ^u admixture a mutual decomposition takes place2 ! p]oxide ( m]cury is precipitat$ by ! alkal9e elem5t ( ! antimonial comp\nd1 :il/ ?is latt] salt1 hav+ its aff9ities ?us ov]?r[n1 p>ts ) ! protoxide ( antimony2 s t ! prep>ation holds a consid]able quantity ( insoluble matt] 9 susp5sion1 & :i* is to be c>efully incorporat$ ) ! liquid by %ak+ ! phial1 :5ev] ! drops are adm9i/]$4 ,n[ !re c be b little d\bt b t ! activity ( ?is prep>ation is ow+ to ! p]oxide ( m]cury1 ?us diffus$ 9 a /ate ( m9ute division1 :ile at ! same "t ! antimonial protoxide v probably disposes ! /oma* & sy/em to be m readily influ5c$ by x1 = reasons :i* h be5 fully discuss$ 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is "w1 p4 #aeb4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ acrid & active ( all metallic prep>ations2 9 well direct$ doses1 h[ev]1 x is frequ5tly ( s]vice 9 second>y syphilis1 & 9 cases ( anomal\s disease1 :5 x w\ld be improp] to adm9i/] ! o!r =ms ( m]cury4#ebe ,9 ob/9ate cutane\s diseases its adm9i/ration 9 small doses is (t5 v s]viceable2 ,i h1 h[ev]1 se5 extreme emaciation & hectic fev] produc$ by its too long cont9u$ exhibition1 al?\gh ptyalism 0 nev] occasion$4 ,its application also z a lotion to lepr\s affections1 9 ! proportion ( ab\t "o gra9 to a fluid-ounce & a half ( "s liquid vehicle1 ,i h frequ5tly se5 highly b5eficial2 9 direct+ ! use ( s acrid a lotion1 we %\ld caution ! pati5t n to t\* 8 eyes until 8 h&s h be5 wa%$2 9 consequ5ce ( a neglect ( ?is k9d ,i h se5 a v sev]e oph?almia produc$4 ,! practition] %\ld also rememb] t ! sy/em may become affect$ by su* ext]nal applications2 a case /&s record$ 9 :i* a girl ( five ye>s old became salivat$1 & di$1 9 consequ5ce ( an application made to ! head = ! cure ( ,t9ea1 :i* consi/$ ( ,pomatum rubb$ up ) a few gra9s ( ?is salt4 ,its int]nal exhibition %\ld be accompani$ ) mucilag9\s dr9ks2 :5 an ov]dose has be5 tak51 ! :ite ( egg1 dilut$ ) wat]1 is ! be/ antidote1 = ,orfila has f\nd t album5 decomposes x1 r$uc+ x to ! /ate ( mild muriate1 :il/ ! comp\nd :i* x =ms ) x is in]t4 ,_m examples are record$ ( ! success ( ?is practice4 ,9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,k+ & ,que5's ,college ( ,physicians 9 ,irel&1 an int]e/+ case ( ?is k9d is relat$ by ,dr4 ,l5drick2 x is1 h[ev]1 at ! same "t b ju/ice to /ate1 t !re are in/ances also ( ! failure ( ?is antidote4 ,9 ! #da/ volume ( ! ,london ,m$ical & ,physical ,j\rnal1 p4 #bjd1 ! read] w f9d ! case ( a girl1 :o 0 poison$ by a dra*m ( ,sublimate1 & :o1 not)/&+ ! copi\s +e/ion ( album51 di$ 9 n9ety h\rs4 ,m rec5tly vegetable glut51 z exi/+ 9 :eat-fl[]1 is said to answ] z well z album52 = ! adm9i/ration ( :i* all t is requir$ is to give :eat-fl[] & wat]4 ,dose1 gr4 #a_/h to 1 see ,liquor ,hydr>gyri ,oxymuriatis1 & ,=m4 #adb4 ,,adult]ations4 ,x ought to be volatiliz$ by heat2 x is frequ5tly met ) 9 comm]ce contam9at$ ) muriate ( iron1 sometimes ) ars5ic2 ! pres5ce ( calomel is at once discov]$ f its insolubility4 ,,te/s ,,( ,,its ,,pres5ce4 ,if any p[d] be suspect$ to conta9 ?is salt1 expose x to heat 9 a coat$ tube1 z direct$ 9 ! treatm5t ( ars5ic1 b )\t any c>bonace\s admixture1 :5 corrosive sublimate1 if pres5t1 w rise & l9e ! int]ior surface ) a %9+ :ite cru/4 ,?is cru/ is !n to be dissolv$ 9 di/ill$ wat]1 & assay$ by ! foll[+ te/s2 #a/1 lime wat] w produce1 if ! suspect$ solution conta9s ?is salt1 a precipitate ( an orange yell[ col\r4 #b;d1 a s+le drop ( a dilute solution ( sub-c>bonate ( potass w at fir/ produce a :ite precipitate1 b on a /ill f>!r addition ( ! te/1 an orange-col\r$ s$im5t w be =m$4 #crd1 sulphurett$ wat] w ?r[ d[n a d>k col\r$ precipitate1 :i* :5 dri$ & /rongly heat$ may be volatiliz$ )\t any alliace\s od\r4 #d?1 ammonia produces a :ite precipitate1 :i* is an insoluble triple salt1 compos$ ( muriatic acid1 ammonia1 & oxide ( m]cury1 :i*1 on be+ heat$1 gr[s yell[2 x passes aft]w>ds to a r$1 & gives out ammoniacal gas1 nitrog51 calomel1 & metallic m]cury4 ,9 ?is op]ation ! oxide is suppos$ to be decompos$ by ! hydrog5 :i* results f a portion ( ! ammonia4 #e?1 ,nitrate ( t91 accord+ to ,dr4 ,bo/ock1 is capable ( detect+ ! ?ree-million? "p ( a gra92 a s+le drop w occasion an imm$iate & copi\s d>k-br[n precipitate4 ,all ! above precipitates1 if rubb$ on a bright plate ( copp]1 w r5d] its surface v :ite4 ,:]e ! salt is mix$ ) v>i\s col\r$ liquids1 we mu/ proce$ z direct$ "u ! head ( ,ars5ic4 ,a v +5i\s application ( galvanic electricity has be5 also propos$ by ,mr4 ,silve/]1 = ! detection ( corrosive sublimate1 :i* w exhibit ! m]cury 9 a metallic /ate4 ,a piece ( z9c or iron wire ab\t ?ree in*es 9 l5g?1 is to be twice b5t at "r angles1 s z to resemble ! ,greek lett] 1 ! two legs ( ?is figure %\ld be di/ant ab\t ! diamet] ( a common gold w$d+ r+ f ea* o!r1 & ! two ends ( ! b5t wire mu/ aft]w>ds be ti$ to a r+ ( ?is description4 ,let a plate ( glass1 n less ?an ?ree in*es squ>e1 be laid z ne>ly horizontal z possible1 & on "o side drop "s sulphuric acid1 dilut$ ) ab\t six times its weight ( wat]1 till x spreads to ! size ( a halfp5ny4 ,at a little di/ance f ?is1 t[>ds ! o!r side1 next drop "s ( ! solution suppos$ to conta9 corrosive sublimate1 till ! edges ( ! two liquids become jo9$2 & let ! wire & r+1 prep>$ z above1 be laid 9 su* a way t ! wire may t\* ! acid1 :ile ! gold r+ is 9 contact ) ! suspect$ liquid4 ,if ! m9ute/ quantity ( corrosive sublimate be pres5t1 ! r+ 9 a few m9utes w be cov]$ ) m]cury on ! "p :i* t\*$ ! fluid4 ,?is exp]im5t may be beautifully simplifi$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]2 drop a small quantity ( solution conta9+ corrosive sublimate on a piece ( gold1 & br+ into contact a key1 or "s piece ( iron1 s z to =m a galvanic circuit1 :5 ! gold w be imm$iately :it5$4 ,a solution ( nitrate ( silv] w1 "u simil> circum/ances1 occasion on ! gold a :ite precipitate1 b z no amalgamation takes place1 x is readily wip$ (f1 & _c possibly occasion any fallacy4#ebf ,c]ta9 metals likewise decompose solutions ( ?is salt1 by virtue ( sup]ior aff9ity2 9 ^? cases :]e ! precipitat+ metal is capable ( =m+ a direct union ) ,m]cury1 we %all f9d ! precipitates to consi/ ( an amalgam ( ! metal employ$2 :]e no su* comb9ation takes place1 ! m]cury w be frequ5tly se5 /&+ on ! surface z a metallic dew4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly /rik+ :]e iron or /eel has be5 employ$2 ^! metals are also at ! same "t black5$ by x4 ,brugnatelli#ebg has propos$ ! foll[+ me?od ( di/+ui%+ corrosive sublimate f ars5ic--,take a quantity ( fre% :eat />*1 mix ) wat]1 & add a suffici5t quantity ( iod9e to give ! liquid a blue col\r2 if corrosive sublimate or ars5ic be add$ to ?is liquor1 ! col\r is alike de/roy$ & x becomes r$di%1 b if ! *ange has be5 effect$ by ! latt] sub/ance1 a few drops ( sulphuric acid w re/ore ! blue col\r1 b if by ! =m] x is n recov]able by su* means4#ebh ,,hydr>gyri ,,sub-,,murias4 ,l4 ,,sub-,,murias ,,hydr>gyri ,,sublimatum4 ,d4 ,,sub-,,murias ,,hydr>gyri ,,mitis4 ,e4 vulgo4 ,calomel4#ebi ,?is prep>ation has be5 kn[n 9 ph>macy = upw>ds ( two c5turies "u a v>iety ( fanciful names1 su* z ,draco mitigatus2 ,aquila alba2 ,aquila mitigata2 ,manna metallorum2 ,pan*ymagogum m9]ale2 ,pan*ymagogus qu]cetanus2 ,sublimatum dulce2 ,m]curius dulcis sublimatus2 ,calomelas2 & yet !re is n a "n 9 ?is li/ t is s objectionable z ! "o at pres5t adopt$ by our colleges3 = :e!r we adh]e to ! !ory ( muriatic acid be+ ! simple body1 or acc$e to ! new views ( *lor9e1 ! "n is equally inappropriate2 if we reg>d x z a comp\nd ( muriatic acid & oxyd ( m]cury1 x is n a sub-muriate1 b z mu* a muriate z ! corrosive sublimate2 ! only diff]5ce dep5d+ ^u ! degree ( oxidizem5t ( ! m]cury1 :i* is at a m9imum 9 calomel1 & at a maximum 9 sublimate4 ,accord+ to ! new views respect+ *lor9e1 calomel mu/ consi/ ( "o proportional ( *lor9e ) "o proportional ( metal1 & is !re=e a *loride ( m]cury4 78,proto-*loruretum ,hydr>gyri40 ,codex ,m$4 ,p>is47 ,,qualities4 ,=m4 ,a semi-transp>5t mass1 consi/+ ( %ort prismatic cry/als2#ecj inodor\s1 insipid1 & ( an ivory col\r1 :i* deep5s by exposure to light4 ,,solubility4 ,x is consid]$ z be+ insoluble1 s9ce accord+ to ,r\elle1 "o "p requires #aaeb ( wat]1 at #bab = its solution4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,alkalies & lime wat] decompose x & turn x black1 9 consequ5ce ( precipitat+ ! black oxyd ( ! metal2 x is also decompos$ by soaps1 sulphurets ( potass & antimony2 & by iron1 lead1 & copp]2 h5ce x is improp] to employ any metallic mort> = disp5s+ m$ic9es :i* conta9 x4 ,!re seems to be reason = suppos+ t ?is prep>ation may und]go decomposition 9 transitu1 & t !re=e "s sub/ances may be *emically1 & yet n be m$ic9ally incompatible ) x4 ,if calomel be boil$ = a few m9utes 9 di/ill$ wat] to :i* alcoholiz$ potass has be5 add$1 x is completely decompos$1 a muriate ( potass & black oxyd ( m]cury be+ ! new products4 ,calomel is n affect$ by sulphuric acid 9 ! cold1 b1 at a boil+ temp]ature1 corrosive sublimate1 & deuto-sulphate ( m]cury are =m$4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4#eca ,?is m]curial prep>ation is m ext5sively & m usefully employ$ ?an almo/ any o!r article ( ! mat]ia m$ica4 ,x is capable ( cur+ syphilis 9 e =m1 provid$ x does n run (f by ! b[els2 & 9 ob/ructions & hepatic affections1 x is 9 well-regulat$ doses a mo/ valuable rem$y2 9 comb9ation1 x probably m]its ! appellation ( ,dirig5s1 m decid$ly ?an any o!r rem$y ) :i* we are acqua9t$1 = :5 comb9$ ) c]ta9 diuretics1 x is diuretic1 7,=m4 #ajc1 #ajd7 & 9 diaphoretic arrangem5ts1 x is diaphoretic3 x moreov] imp>ts =ce to _m ( ! mild1 & mod]ates ! sev]ity ( dra/ic m$ic9es3 :5ev] we wi% a /rong & p]man5t impression to be made on ! alim5t>y canal1 & ?r\gh x on ! neighb\r+ visc]a or ! sy/em g5]ally1 ,calomel by univ]sal cons5t is adopt$ = su* a purpose4 7,=m4 #ha1 #hh1 #aai1 #afa47 ,9 l>g] doses x is "o ( ! mo/ effici5t purgatives :i* we possess1 especially :5 9 comb9ation ) o!r ca?>tics3 x appe>s to be p>ticul>ly eligible 9 ! diseases ( *ildr52 & x is s+ul> t infants c g5]ally be> l>g] doses ( x ?an adults4 ,,dose1 z an alt]ative1 f gr4 ss to j1 night & morn+2 z a purgative1 f gr4 ij to gr4 x1 or 9 "s cases ev5 to gr4 xv1 or j4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,t ( pill2 its insolubility & specific gravity r5d] any o!r =m ineligible4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,pil4 ,hydr>gyri submuriat4 comp3 ,l4 ,,impurities4 ,corrosive sublimate may be detect$ by precipitation be+ produc$1 by ! c>bonate ( potass1 9 a solution made by boil+ ! suspect$ sample ) a small portion ( muriate ( ammonia1 9 di/ill$ wat]2 calomel ought also1 :5 rubb$ ) a fix$ alkali1 to become int5sely black1 & n to exhibit any trace ( an orange hue4 ,,h[>d',s ,,or ,,jewel',s ,hydro-sublimate4 ,in/ead ( sublim+ s z to obta9 ! calomel 9 a concrete /ate1 z direct$ by ! ,ph>macopia1 ! salt 9 ! act ( sublimation is expos$ to aque\s vap\r1 & receiv$ 9 wat]4 ,be+ 9 a /ate ( v m9ute division1 x is light] ?an common calomel 9 ! proportion ( ?ree to five1 & x _c conta9 any corrosive sublimate4 ,! ,fr5* 9 _! late codex h introduc$ a simil> =mula1 "u ! title ( 8,murias ,m]curii dulcis m$iante aqua subtilissime divisus1 juxta ,me?odum ,josi ,jewel40 ,?is ,pat5t ,calomel ( ,h[>d is und\bt$ly to be pref]r$1 & appe>s1 9 consequ5ce probably ( its m9ute division1 to affect ! sy/em m readily ?an t made accord+ to ! ,ph>macopias4 ,,sub-,,murias ,,hydr>gyri ,,pr,,cipitatus4 ,e4,d4 ,?is is produc$ by precipitat+ a nitrate ( m]cury by muriate ( soda2 ! prep>ation w g5]ally conta9 a small portion ( sub-nitrate1 & x is on t acc\nt m liable to run (f by ! b[els 9 small doses3 9 o!r respects x is ess5tially ! same z t procur$ by sublimation4 ,,hydr>gyri ,,sulphuretum ,,rubrum4 ,l4 ,,sulphuretum ,,hydr>gyri ,,rubrum4 ,d4 ,olim1 ,hydr>gyrus ,sulphuretus rub]4 ,p4 ,l4 #ahag--;,c9nab>is#ecb factitia1 #agde4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 a r$ cry/all9e cake1 inodor\s1 insipid1 & insoluble 9 wat]1 alcohol1 acids1 & alkalies1 al?\gh ^! bodies decompose x :5 melt$ ) x2 x is also decompos$ by nitro-muriatic acid1 :i* unites ) ! metal1 & dis5gages ! sulphur4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x is a bi-sulphuret ( ,m]cury1 i4 e4 x consi/s ( two proportionals ( sulphur & "o ( m]cury4 ,,uses4#ecc ,x is n[ only us$ = ! purpose ( m]curial fumigation1 :i* is done by inhal+ ! fumes1 produc$ by ?r[+ ss ( x on r$ hot iron2 ! effect :i* is g5]ally produc$ is viol5t salivation2 ?is h[ev] does n dep5d ^u ! action ( ! sub/ance z a sulphuret1 b ^u its decomposition1 & ! volatilization ( ! metallic m]cury ) a portion ( sulphate & sulphure\s vap\r4 ,mr4 ,pe>son obs]ves t x is useful 9 ^? cases ( v5]eal ulc]s 9 ! m\?1 ?roat1 & nose1 :]e x is an object to put a sudd5 /op to ! progress ( ! disease1 b t m]cury mu/ at ! same "t be introduc$ into ! con/itution1 by inunction1 j z mu* z if no fumigations _h be5 made use (4 ,ulc]s & excresc5cies ab\t ! pud5dum & anus 9 wom5 are p>ticul>ly b5efitt$ by x2 & 9 ^! cases x is conv5i5tly appli$ by plac+ a r$ hot heat] at ! bottom ( a night-/ool pan1 & aft] spr9kl+ on x a few gra9s ( ! sulphuret1 plac+ ! pati5t ^u ! /ool4 ,,adult]ations4 ,r$ ,lead#ecd may be discov]$ by dige/+ x 9 acetic acid1 & by add+ sulphuret ( ammonia1 :i* w produce a black precipitate2 or by burn+ a small portion ( ! suspect$ sample on a piece ( bread 9 ! c&le1 :5 metallic globules w ann\nce its pres5ce2 = ! oxide ( m]cury1 al?\gh reviv$ by ?is process1 w at ! same "t be volatiliz$4 ,! bread1 by combu/ion1 af=ds ! c>bon by :i* ! metallic r$uction is effect$4 ,dragon's ,blood1 by its giv+ a col\r to alcohol :5 dige/$ ) x2 ,*alk1 by its eff]vesc5ce1 on ! addition ( an acid4 ,x is kn[n 9 ! arts "u ! "n ( ,v]million2 & by ! foll[+ simple exp$i5t its pres5ce may1 9 v m9ute quantities1 be easily recognis$2 boil a portion ) sulphuric acid 9 a plat9a spoon1 & lay ! sulphate ?us produc$1 9 a drop ( muriatic acid1 on a piece ( gold1 & br+ a piece ( metallic t9 9 contact ) bo?1 :5 ! :ite m]curial /a9 w be produc$4 ,,hydr>gyri ,,sulphuretum ,,nigrum4 ,l4,e4 ,hydr>gyrus cum ,sulphure4 ,p4,l4 #aghg4 ,olim1 ,e?iop's ,m9]al4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 a v black1 impalpable1 insipid1 & inodor\s p[d]4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x is a ,sulphuret ( ,m]cury1 i4 e4 x consi/s ( "o proportional ( sulphur1 & "o proportional ( m]cury2 :5 heat$ 9 contact ) ! air x is conv]t$ into a bi-sulphuret4 ,,solubility4 ,x is entirely soluble 9 a solution ( pure potass1 f :i* ! acids precipitate x un*ang$2 x is insoluble 9 nitric acid4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x is suppos$ to be alt]ative1 & has be5 giv5 = su* a purpose1 9 doses f gr4 v4 to ss1 b its m$ic9al virtues are v que/ionable4 ,,adult]ations4 ,x is frequ5tly imp]fect1 globules ( m]cury be+ /ill discov]able 9 x by a magnify+ glass1 or by its communicat+ a :it5ess to a portion ( gold ^u :i* x is rubb$2 ivory black may be discov]$ by ! residue1 aft] ?r[+ a suspect$ sample on a r$ hot iron2 x is also sometimes mix$ ) equal p>ts ( crude antimony4 ,,hyoscyami ,,folia ,,et ,,sem9a4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,hyoscyamus ,nig]47 ,h5bane4 ,,qualities4 ,?is plant1 :5 rec5t1 has a /rong fetid1 & n>cotic od\r2 prop]ties :i* are ne>ly lo/ by exsiccation4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,res91 mucilage1 extractive matt]1 gallic acid1 & "s salts2 an alkal9e elem5t 7,hyoscyama7 is said to con/itute its active pr9ciple4 ,?is pr9ciple diff]s f o!r vegetable alkalies1 9 be+ able to resi/ a l[ r$ heat1 )\t und]go+ decomposition4 ,,solubility4 ,wat] freely extracts ! n>cotic p[]s ( ?is plant1 & decoction de/roys !m2 dilut$ alcohol is ! be/ m5/ruum4 ,,incompatibles4 ,precipitates are produc$ by acetate ( lead1 nitrate ( silv]1 & sulphate ( iron2 vegetable acids weak5 its n>cotic p[]s4 ,! extract or inspissat$ juice is ! be/ =m 9 :i* x c be exhibit$2 see also ! ,t9cture2 its leaves =m an anodyne cataplasm1 & ! smoke f its se$s1 :5 appli$ by a funnel to a c>i\s too?1 is recomm5d$ 9 sev]e fits ( odontalgia4 ,! root ( ?is plant is poison\s4#ece ,9 ,dr4 ,molyneux's app5dix to ,?relkeld's 8,,synopsis ,,/irpium ,,hib]nic>um0 are relat$ sev]al cases ( its effects on p]sons :o _h eat5 !m in/ead ( ,skirrets4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,extract3 ,hyoscyam3 ,t9ct3 ,hyoscyam3 ,l4,e4,d4 ,,i*?yocolla4 7,acip5s] ,huso ,ru!nus4 ,! great & small ,/urgeon47 ,is+lass4 ,fi% ,glue4 ,! foll[+ k9ds1 import$ f ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 are f\nd 9 ! m>ket4 ,%ort ,/aple2 ,long ,/aple2 ,book2 & ,leaf4 ,pick+ ! ,/aple1 z x is call$1 is a peculi> art practis$ by p]sons 9 ?is t[n1 :o ga9 a v good livelihood by x2 !y engage to return ! same weight ( is+lass 9 %r$s1 z !y receive 9 ,/aple2 ?is 9 itself secures v fair pr(it1 = by damp+ ! is+lass 9 ord] to pick x1 x ga9s consid]able weight2 ^! p]sons moreov] are 9 ! habit ( adult]at+ x ) pieces ( bladd]1 & ! dri$ sk9 ( soles2 su* frauds h[ev] are easily detect$ by _! insolubility1 = pure is+lass w dissolve entirely1 & yield a cle> & transp>5t jelly2 a s+le gra9 w produce1 ) an ounce ( wat]1 a solution ( consid]able ?ickness2 x is also soluble 9 acids & alkalies2 & al?\gh insoluble 9 alcohol1 yet x is n precipitat$ by x f its wat]y solutions1 unless :5 add$ 9 a v consid]able quantity2 x is coagulat$ by ! infusions & decoctions ( vegetable a/r+5ts2 c>bonate ( potass likewise ?r[s d[n a precipitate4 #ajj p>ts ( good is+lass consi/ ( #ih ( gelat9e1 & #b ( ! phosphates ( soda & lime4 ,its solutions soon putrefy4 ,,uses4 ,x is n[ r>ely us$ except z a nutri5t2 its me*anical application 9 f9+ w9es & turbid liquors is well kn[n1 & its mode ( op]ation is equally obvi\s1 = by =m+ a sk91 or f9e network1 :i* gradually precipitates1 x acts j l a filtre1 ) ?is diff]5ce1 t 9 ?is case ! filtre passes ?r\gh ! liquor1 in/ead ( ! liquor ?r\gh ! filtre4 ,,infusa4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,infusion4 ,^! are wat]y solutions ( vegetable matt]1 obta9$ by mac]ation1 ei!r 9 cold or hot#ecf wat] )\t ! assi/ance ( ebullition4 ,9 select+ & conduct+ ! op]ation1 ! foll[+ g5]al rules %\ld be obs]v$4 ,i4 ,infusion %\ld always be pref]r$ to decoction1 :]e ! m$ic9al virtues ( ! vegetable sub/ance reside 9 volatile oil1 or 9 pr9ciples :i* are easily soluble2 :]eas1 if !y dep5d ^u res9o-mucilag9\s p>ticles1 decoction is an indisp5sable op]ation4 ,,ii4 ,! temp]ature employ$ mu/ be v>i$ accord+ to ! circum/ances ( ea* case2#ecg an infusion made 9 ! cold1 is 9 g5]al m grateful1 b less active1 ?an "o made ) heat4 ,,iii4 ,! duration ( ! process mu/ likewise be regulat$ by ! nature ( ! sub/ances1 or ! int5tion ( ! prescrib]2 = ! infusion w diff] accord+ to ! "t 9 :i* ! wat] has be5 dige/$ on ! mat]ials2 ?us1 ! aroma ( ! plant is fir/ tak5 up1 !n1 9 succession1 ! col\r+1 a/r+5t1 & gummy p>ts4 ,infusions are liable to und]go decompositions by be+ kept1 & !re=e1 l decoctions1 !y mu/ be reg>d$ z extemporane\s prep>ations4 ,unless ! dose ( !m be o!rwise /at$1 x is g5]ally f fj to fij4 ,i4 ,simple ,infusions4 ,,infusum ,,an!midis4 ,l4,e4 ,x is a good /oma*ic2 & :5 exhibit$ w>m1 is well calculat$ to assi/ ! op]ation ( emetics3 7,=m4 #ff73 ! cold infusion1 i4 e4 made ) cold wat]1 is m grateful4 ,incompatibles4 ,all soluble prep>ations ( iron2 nitrate ( silv]2 oxy-muriate ( m]cury2 acetate1 & sub-acetate ( lead2 solutions ( is+lass2 infusion ( yell[ c9*ona b>k4 ,dose1 fj-fij4 ,,infusum ,,calumb4 ,l4,e4 ,see ,calumb ,radix4 ,?is infusion is m p]i%able ?an t ( o!r bitt]s2 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs a copi\s precipitation takes place 9 x1 & 9 two days x becomes ropy1 & ev5 mu/y4 ,=m4 #aee4 ,dose1 fi-fij4 ,infusum ,c>yophyllorum4 ,l4 fj4 ( ?is infusion holds 9 solution ! active matt] ( grs4 vj ( cloves4 ,incompatibles4 ,precipitates are produc$ by sulphate ( iron2 sulphate ( z9c2 acetate ( lead2 nitrate ( silv]2 t>t>iz$ antimony2 lime wat]1 & yell[ c9*ona4 ,dose1 fj-fij4 ,,infusum ,,casc>ill4 ,l4 ,x is incompatible ) ! sub/ances m5tion$ "u ,infus4 ,c>yophyll3 ,=m4 #cc4 ,dose1 fj-fij4 ,,infusum ,,c9*on4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,we obta9 9 ?is prep>ation a feeble solution ( ! active con/itu5ts ( b>k1 :i* w agree ) _m /oma*s t are rebelli\s to ! /rong] prep>ations4 ,dose1 fi-fiij4 ,,infusum ,,cusp>i4 ,l4 ,?is is a judici\s =m ( ! b>k1 possess+ its /imulant & tonic prop]ties4 ,dose1 fj-fij4 ,,infusum ,,digitalis4 ,l4,e4 ,?is is ! be/ =m 9 :i* we c adm9i/] ! foxglove1 :]e our wi% is to obta9 its diuretic effects z spe$ily z possible4 7,=m4 #aaj47 ,dose1 fij to fss1 twice a day1 see ,digitalis4 ,incompatibles4 ,we %all c\nt]act its effects by endeav\r+ to obviate its nauseat+ t5d5cy by br&y & wat]1 c4 ,precipitates are produc$ by sulphate ( iron1 & ! infusion ( yell[ c9*ona1 c4 ,,infusum ,,l9i ,,compositum4 ,l4,e4 ,a *eap & useful demulc5t2 alcohol & prep>ations ( lead1 are ( c\rse incompatible ) x2 ! t9ctura f]ri muriatis produces a floccul5t precipitate4 ,,infusum ,,quassi4 ,l4,e4 ,! proportion ( ,quassia direct$ = half a p9t ( wat]1 is t ( j by ! ,london1 & ss by ! ,ed9burgh ,college2 ! =m] is mu* too small1 =1 9 ord] to obta9 a saturat$ infusion1 ij are requir$ = t quantity ( wat]4 ,incompatibles4 ,! salts ( iron produce no *ange 9 x2 nor is x affect$ by any ( ^? sub/ances ) :i* x is likely to come 9 contact 9 a m$ical prescription4 ,x is highly useful 9 debilities ( ! /oma* & inte/9al canal1 & 9 irregul> & atonic g\t1 & x has be5 obs]v$1 t 9 hy/]ical atony1 to :i* ! female sex is s prone1 ! ,quassia af=ds m vig\r & relief to ! sy/em1 ?an ! ,p]uvian ,b>k1 especially :5 comb9$ ) a small portion ( sulphate ( z9c4 ,to ?is1 z well z ! o!r /oma*ic infusions1 x is usual to add at ! "t ( prescrib+ !m a small quantity ( aromatic t9cture or _s4 ,=m4 #ce2 #add4 ,dose1 fss-fiss4 ,,infusum ,,rhei4 ,l4,e4 ,! ,ed9burgh infusion is /rong] ?an t ( ,london1 & is r5d]$ m grateful by ! addition ( _s ( c9namon2 ^! infusions1 h[ev]1 :5 giv5 )\t any adjuvants1 produce b a feeble effect4 ,?is is obvi\s1 s9ce j ( rhub>b 9 sub/ance1 is at lea/ equival5t 9 its effects to iss :5 9 infusion4 ,incompatibles4 ,! /rong] acids2 ! sulphates ( iron & z9c2 nitrate ( silv]2 t>t>iz$ antimony2 acetate ( lead2 oxy-muriate ( m]cury1 & ! infusions ( cusp>ia1 c9*ona1 cate*u1 galls1 & "s o!r a/r+5t vegetables2 ! alkalies deep5 ! col\r1 b produce no decomposition4 ,dose1 fj-fij4 ,,infusum ,,sim>\b4 ,l4 ,?is infusion is inodor\s1 ( a cle> /raw col\r1 ) a slightly bitt] ta/e4 ,x pres5ts ! be/ mode ( exhibit+ ,sim>\ba b>k4 ,dose1 fij1 beyond ?is x w prove emetic4 ,incompatibles4 ,alkal9e c>bonates & lime wat] r5d] x milky2 & x is precipitat$ by ! foll[+ sub/ances2 infusions ( cate*u2 galls1 & yell[ c9*ona2 oxy-muriate ( m]cury2 nitrate ( silv]1 & acetate ( lead4 ,see ,sim>\b ,cortex4 ,,infusum ,,tabaci4 ,l4 ,x is nev] us$ b z an enema1 9 inc>c]at$ h]nia1 & 9 ileus4 ,see ,tabaci ,folia4 #b4 ,comp\nd ,infusions4 ,,infusum ,,armoraci ,,compositum4 ,l4 ,9 ?is prep>ation ! /imulant prop]ty ( ! horse-radi% is mat]ially aid$ by ! mu/>d2 pure alkalies1 b n _! c>bonates1 may =m extemporane\s additions2 = ! o!r incompatibles1 see ,armoraci ,radix4 ,dose1 fiss4 ,=m4 #de4 ,,infusum ,,aurantii ,,compositum4 ,l4 ,a grateful /oma*ic1 hav+ ! agreeable comp\nd ta/e ( its sev]al +r$i5ts2 x has ! m]it ( sitt+ easily on ! /oma*4 ,dose1 fj-fiss4 ,,infusum ,,cate*u ,,compositum4 ,l4,e4 ,?is infusion is a p[]ful a/r+5t1 r5d]$ grateful by ! addition ( c9namon2 x w keep = sev]al mon?s1 provid$ ! directions ( ! ,ed9burgh ,college be n foll[$ 9 add+ ! syrup4 ,9 prescrib+ x1 we mu/ rememb] t x conta9s a l>ge proportion ( tann94 ,see ,cate*u4 ,dose1 fj-fiij4 ,,infusum ,,g5tian ,,compositum4 ,l4 ,an elegant tonic & /oma*ic infusion4 ,x af=ds a good example ( ! virtues ( a natural sub/ance be+ enhanc$ by ! additions ( art1 z discuss$ at page #afd1 = ! bitt]ness ( ! g5tian is "h subdu$ by ! aromatic quality ( ! lemon & orange peel4 ,incompatibles4 ,acetate ( lead ?r[s d[n a copi\s precipitate f ! infusion1 & sulphate ( iron /rikes a br[n col\r1 b no precipitate takes place = sev]al h\rs4 ,,infusum ,,ros ,,compositum4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,?is is an infusion ( ! petals ( ! r$ rose1 r5d]$ a/r+5t & refrig]ant1#ech by ! addition ( dilute sulphuric acid4 ,by ref]r+ to ! ,,dynamet]1 x w be se5 t fj2 does n conta9 m ?an f\r & a half m9ims ( dilute acid1 :i* are equival5t to ?ree-sev5?s ( a m9im ( ! /rong conc5trat$ acid4 ,:]ev] !re=e we expect any advantage f ?is latt] +r$i5t1 ! quantity mu/ be increas$ by extemporane\s addition4 ,incompatibles4 ,all ^? bodies :i* are decompos$ by ! sulphuric acid2 ! sulphates ( iron & z9c d n imm$iately alt] ! infusion1 b !y sl[ly decompose x1 produc+ precipitates ( a d>k col\r4 ,dr4 ,cl>ke ( ,cambridge detect$ iron 9 ! petals2#eci may n ! pres5ce ( ?is metal enhance ! tonic p[]s ( ! infusion8 ,x af=ds a mo/ elegant vehicle = ! exhibition ( ca?>tic salts4 ,,infusum ,,s5n ,,compositum4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,a p9t ( wat] w take up ! active matt] ( j ( s5na1 b no?+ beyond t proportion2 h5ce !re is an unnecess>y wa/e 9 ! ,london process4 ,! quantity ( infusion direct$ to be made at "o "t1 is also injudici\s1 s9ce by simple exposure to ! air = only a few h\rs1 9 consequ5ce ( ! p[]ful aff9ity ( its extractive matt] = oxyg51 a yell[ precipitate takes place1 & ! infusion loses its purgative quality1 & excites torm9a 9 ! b[els2 9 prep>+ x !re=e1 we see ! necessity ( conduct+ ! process 9 cov]$ vessels1 & ( mak+ only su* a portion z may be requir$ = imm$iate use2 inde$1 not)/&+ e precaution1 ! extractive w to a c]ta9 ext5t become oxidiz$1 & ! infusion h a t5d5cy to gripe4#edj ,dr4 ,cull5 us$ to say t ,s5na 0 "o ( ! be/ purgatives1 if x c\ld only be dive/$ ( its grip+ quality2 ?is h[ev] he 0 unable to obviate1 because he 0 n aw>e ( its cause1 & !re=e conjo9$ x ) v>i\s aromatics1 in/ead ( ^? salts#eda :i* might be capable ( increas+ ! solubility ( its oxidiz$ extractive1 or ! purgative activity ( ! infusion2 see page #aej1 & #afa4 ,soluble t>t> & alkal9e salts are its mo/ useful adjuncts2 x is h[ev] r>ely prescrib$ 9 practice )\t ! addition ( o!r ca?>tics4 7,=m4 #gj1 #gf1 #ij47 ,syd5ham's fav\rite 8potio ca?>tica l5itiva10 consi/$ ( an infusion ( tam>9ds1 s5na leaves1 & rhub>b1 ) ! addition ( manna & syrup ( roses4 ,! addition ( tam>9ds r5d]s ! infusion m grateful b less active2 :5 made ) bohea tea1 x is 9 a great degree depriv$ ( its nause\s ta/e2 a decoction ( guaiacum increases its p[]s1 & is said at ! same "t to r5d] x mild]4 ,bitt]s also v consid]ably exalt its efficacy1 see page #aec4 ,a p9t ( ! infusion ) a dra*m ( jalap =ms an excell5t comb9ation = a purgative enema4 ,incompatibles4 ,! infusion is di/urb$ by /rong acids2 lime wat]2 nitrate ( silv]2 oxy-muriate ( m]cury2 acetate ( lead2 t>t>iz$ antimony2 & by an infusion ( yell[ c9*ona4 ,,dose1 fj-fij4 ,,ipecacuanh ,,radix4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,callicocca#edb ,ipecacuanha47 ,ipecacuanha4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 tortu\s pieces ( ! ?ickness ( a goose-quill1 surr\nd$ by num]\s prom95t r+s1 sep>at$ by deep grooves4 ,?is root1 :5 p[d]$1 has a fa9t disagreeable od\r1 & a bitt] sub-acrid ta/e4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,! late rese>*es ( ,m4 ,m4 ,maj5die & ,pelleti] h detect$ ! exi/5ce ( a new vegetable proximate pr9ciple 9 ?is root1 to :i* ipecacuan is indebt$ = its emetic prop]ties2 !y h1 accord+ly1 d5om9at$ x ,emet9e4#edc ,x assumes ! =m ( transp>5t br[ni% r$ scales1 :i* are ne>ly inodor\s1 b h a slightly bitt]1 acrid1 b n nause\s ta/e4 ,emet9e is decompos$ by a heat high] ?an t ( boil+ wat]2 x is insoluble 9 wat]1 9 e proportion1 )\t und]go+ ! lea/ *ange2 & 9 a moi/ atmosph]e x deliquesces2 x is also soluble 9 alcohol1 b n 9 !r2 nitric acid dissolves x1 b at ! same "t decomposes x2 dilute sulphuric acid has no action on x2 muriatic acid & phosphoric acid dissolve x1 )\t alt]+ its nature2 acetic acid dissolves x ) great facility2 corrosive sublimate precipitates x f its solutions1 b t>t>iz$ antimony has no effect ^u !m2 gallic acid1 ! infusion ( galls1 & acetate ( lead1 precipitate x4 ,a gra9 excites viol5t vomit+1 foll[$ by sleep1 & ! pati5t awakes 9 p]fect heal?6 ,x ex]ts also a specific action on ! lungs & muc\s membrane ( ! inte/9al canal2 :5 tak5 9 an ov]dose1 its action c be in/antly p>alys$ by a decoction ( galls4 ,!re seems to be no great advantage 9 sub/itut+ ?is body = ! ord9>y p[d] ( ,ipecacuanha1 except p]haps t its ta/e be+ mu* less (f5sive1 x may v easily be giv5 to *ildr54#edd ,emet9e appe>s to exi/ 9 ,ipecacuanha1 comb9$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]1 emet9e #af1 oils #b1 wax #f1 gum #aj1 />* #dj1 woody fibre #bj4 ,s9ce ! discov]y ( ,emet9e1 ^: prop]ties are describ$ above1 ,pelleti] has ext5d$ 8 rese>*es into its composition & nature2 & he has lately be5 enabl$ to /ate t ?is body1 :i* 9 conjunction ) ,maj5die1 he _h =m]ly ann\nc$ z 8a new vegetable proximate pr9ciple10 turns out to be a comp\nd ( a peculi> alkal9e basis1 :i* may be call$ ,emeta1 & "s acid1 toge!r ) an admixture ( col\r+ matt]2 :5 comp>$ ) ,emet9e1 x is :at :ite cry/alliz$ sug> is to moi/ sug>4 ,its ultimate elem5ts are oxyg51 hydrog5 & c>bon2 x is a :ite & friable sub/ance1 & unlike ,emet91 is n alt]$ by exposure to air2 x is slightly bitt]1 & v sp>+ly soluble 9 wat]2 ) ! m9]al acids x =ms salts1 f ^: solutions ! infusion ( galls ?r[s d[n :ite & floccul5t precipitates2 ! alcoholic solution ( ,emeta acts ^u vegetable col\r z an alkali4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses ,,( ,,ipecacuan4 ,x is unque/ionably ! mo/ valuable ( ! vegetable emetics1 & 9 cases :]e ! /oma* is irritable x is to be pref]r$ to ,t>t>iz$ ,antimony1 & x is also less liable to act ^u ! b[els4 ,9 ! =m ( decoction 7made by boil+ ?ree dra*ms ( ! bruis$ root 9 a qu>t ( wat] d[n to a p9t7 x has be5 f\nd s]viceable z an enema 9 ,dys5t]y1 & int]nal piles4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,all vegetable a/r+5ts1 z infusion ( galls1 c4 vegetable acids1 especially ! acetic1 weak5 its p[]2 ,dr4 ,irv9e f\nd t grs4 xxx1 adm9i/]$ 9 fij ( v9eg>1 produc$ only "s loose /ools4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,! =m ( p[d] is mo/ en]getic1 al?\gh ! v9\s solution is bo? active & conv5i5t4 ,,dose4 ,! m$ic9al op]ation ( ?is sub/ance v>ies ) its dose1 ?us grs4 x to ss act z an emetic2 7,=m3 #fe17 grs4 j to ij1 z an expectorant1 7,=m3 #acd1 #ach17;& 9 /ill small] doses x proves /oma*ic & diaphoretic2 by comb9ation ) opium1 ?is latt] quality becomes m p[]ful1 7,=m3 #bh1 #acj47 ,! prim>y effect ( ?is m$ic9e is t ( /imulat+ ! /oma*1 & x is equally obvi\s t its second>y ones dep5d on ! num]\s sympa?ies ( o!r p>ts ) ! organs ( dige/ion4 ,! action ( ?is rem$y ^u ! pulmon>y organs is extremely int]e/+2 x w\ld seem t 9 c]ta9 conditions ( ^! organs1 att5d$ ) a dry1 h>d c\gh1 x promotes expectoration1 :ile 9 affections att5d$ ) an inord9ate secretion ( mucus1 x z c]ta9ly represses x1 & acts ! "p ( an a/r+5t4 ,9 dys5t]y1 & *ronic di>rha1 its a/r+5t p[] is also v decid$4 ,=m3 #eh4 ,:5 comb9$ ) ca?>tics x aids & accel]ates _! op]ation2 ,=m3 #hd4 ,9 ,hemorrhage f ! lungs & ut]us1 x is decid$ly useful1 :5 adm9i/]$ 9 su* doses z to excite a slight degree ( nausea1 by :i* ! =ce ( ! circulation is controll$2 ,i h usually comb9$ x1 = su* a purpose1 ) ! ,acetate ( lead 9 ,hmop?ysis2 & ,b]gius relates a case ( viol5t ut]9e hmorrhage :i* 0 successfully treat$ by giv+ half a gra9 e half h\r4 ,9 c]ta9 =ms ( ,dyspepsia x proves highly b5eficial1 :5 adm9i/]$ z propos$ by ,daub5ton1 9 doses j suffici5t to excite a slight s5sation ( v]micul> motion ( ! /oma*1 )\t c>ry+ x to ! po9t ( nausea1 :i* may be g5]ally effect$ by half a gra9 ?ree times a day4 ,its peculi> nause\s ta/e is completely cov]$ by ! addition ( p[d]$ ,gum ,arabic4 ,,solubility4 ,alcohol takes up f\r p>ts 9 tw5ty ( ,ipecacuan2 pro( _s six & a half2 & boil+ wat] r m ?an eight p>ts2 "o p9t ( good %]ry w9e w dissolve ab\t #ajj gra9s2 ! alcoholic is m emetic ?an ! aque\s solution2 decoction de/roys ! emetic prop]ty ( ! root4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,pulvis ,ipecacuanh comp3 ,l4,e4,d4 ,v9um ,ipecac4 ,l4,e4,d4#ede ,! p[d] is liable to become in]t by exposure to air & light4 ,! root is refractory1 & is r$uc$ to p[d] ) difficulty1 unless a few drops ( oil1 or an almond or two1 be previ\sly add$4 ,x is a curi\s fact t ! effluvia ( ?is root occasion 9 "s p]sons ! mo/ di/ress+ s5sations ( suffocation4 ,i am acqua9t$ ) a lady1 :o is con/antly seiz$ ) a viol5t dyspna1 :5ev] ! p[d] ( ,ipecacuan is br\ght into h] pres5ce4 ,,adult]ations4 ,!re are sev]al v>ieties ( ,ipecacuan to be f\nd 9 ! m>ket1 :i* x is important to di/+ui%2 viz4 #a1 ,! br[n v>iety1 :i* is ! be/1 conta9+ sixte5 p] c5t4 ( emet92 #b1 ! grey v>iety1 ) f\rte5 p] c5t4 ( emet92 #c1 ! :ite v>iety1 ) only five ( emet94 ,! two =m] v>ieties are ^? usually met )1 be+ import$ into ?is c\ntry 9 bales f ,rio ,janeiro2 ! br[n is di/+ui%$ f ! grey1 9 be+ m wr9kl$2 ! :ite v>iety has no wr9kles :atev]4 ,we are in=m$ by ,dec&olle t ! g5u9e root is frequ5tly mix$ ) ^? ( violets1 ,apocyn1 ,euphorbia1 c4 ,x is also sometimes mix$ ) ! roots ( sev]al species ( ,ionidum4 ,,jalap ,,radix4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,convolvulus ,jalapa47 ,jalap4 ,,qualities4 ,?is root is pulv]ul5t1 furni%+ a p[d] ( a pale br[ni% yell[ col\r4 ,od\r1 peculi>2 ,ta/e1 sweeti% & slightly pung5t4 ,*emical ,composition4 ,res91 gum1 extractive1 fecula1 lign91 & "s salts4 ,! comb9ation ( ! ?ree fir/ pr9ciples appe>s requisite = ! production ( its full ca?>tic effect4 ,! gum has be5 suppos$ to possess diuretic prop]ties4 ,v lately a sal9e pr9ciple has be5 obta9$ f ,jalap by ,mr4 ,hume1 jun43 b ,i am n aw>e t its m$ic9al prop]ties h be5 asc]ta9$4 ,x is procur$ by mac]at+ ! p[d]$ root = twelve or f\rte5 days 9 acetic acid1 by :i* a solution is obta9$1 :i* mu/ be filt]$1 & !n saturat$ ) ammonia2 ! mixture is to be %ak5 viol5tly1 :5 a sabul\s deposit w take place1 & a few cry/als be collect$ on ! sides ( ! vessel2 bo? ( ^! mu/ be collect$1 & wa%$ 9 di/ill$ wat]2 & !n r$issolv$ 9 conc5trat$ acetic acid1 & reprecipitat$ by ammonia add$ 9 excess4 ,by :i* means1 small :ite acicul> cry/als are ?r[n d[n1 to :i* ! "n ( ,jalap9e has be5 giv54 ,,solubility4 ,pro( _s is its appropriate m5/ruum4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x is a ca?>tic ( a /imulat+ description1 act+ pr9cipally ^u ! colon1 &1 not)/&+ ! torm9a x may sometimes induce1 x is no less safe ?an efficaci\s2 z a hydragogue purgative x has be5 greatly extoll$1 b = su* a purpose x w answ] bett] 9 comb9ation1 z 9 ,=m4 #gc4 ,its action is said to be promot$ by ! addition ( ,ipecacuan1 or t>t>iz$ antimony4 7,=m4 #hd47 ,9 dropsy its union ) sup]-t>trate ( potass is calculat$ to promote its b5eficial op]ation4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,t ( p[d] is ! mo/ eligible1 especially :5 comb9$ ) "s o!r p[d]$ sub/ance3 pulv]ization increases its activity1 see ,pulv]es4 ,van ,swiet5 advis$ x to be pulv]is$1 & mix$ ) sug>1 & a small quantity ( "s aromatic4 ,! addition ( ,soap is suppos$ to r5d] its op]ation mu* mild]1 & ! ,prussian ,ph>macopia conta9s a =mula = su* a comb9ation1 :i* is said to op]ate mildly & promptly4 ,to ?is prep>ation ! "n ,,sapo ,,jalap9us#edf is giv54 ,,dose1 grs4 x to ss4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,pulv4 ,jalap4 comp4 ,e4 ,extract4 ,jalap4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,t9ct4 ,jalap4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,t9ct4 ,s5n comp4 ,e4 7,b74 ,,adult]ations4 ,briony root is sometimes mix$ ) t ( jalap1 b x may be easily di/+ui%$ by its pal] col\r & less compact texture2 & by n easily burn+ at ! flame ( a c&le4 ,:5 ! t]$o has attack$ x1 x %\ld be reject$4 ,,juglans ,,c9]ea4 ,butt]nut4 ,cortex4 ,! ,butt]nut tree is to be f\nd 9 almo/ e "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! inn] b>k is ! "p us$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,x yields1 by analysis1 a l>ge quantity ( soluble matt]1 pr9cipally ( ! extractive k9d4 ,wat] extracts its virtues1 & ! ,extract1 :i* is ! =m 9 :i* x is employ$1 has long be5 kn[n & us$ 9 ?is c\ntry z an excell5t ,ca?>tic4 ,to obviate habitual co/iv5ess1 x is "o ( ! be/ articles t c be us$4 ,by ! addition ( ,calomel1 its p[]s z an active ,ca?>tic may be greatly increas$4 ,! prop] season = ga!r+ ! b>k = m$ic9al purposes is 9 ! mon?s ( ,may & ,june4 ,! dose ( ! ,extract is f #aj to #cj gra9s4 ,,junip]i ,,bacc ,,et ,,cacum9a4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,junip]us ,communis47 ,junip] ,b]ries & ,tops4 ,! pr9cipal con/itu5ts ( ^! b]ries are mucilage1 sug>1 & volatile oil2 9 ! latt] ( :i* _! diuretic virtues reside4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,t ( an infusion1 made ) ij ( ! b]ries1 to oj ( hot wat]4 ,unless pa9s h[ev] are tak51 by /rong contusion1 to bruise & break ! se$s1 ! prep>ation w conta9 b little ( ! junip] flav\r4 ,! bruis$ b]ries may be also triturat$ ) sug> or "s neutral salt1 & be ?us exhibit$ 9 sub/ance1 ,dose j to ij4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,oleum ,junip4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,_s4 ,junip4 ,co4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,! ta/e & diuretic prop]ties ( ,holl&s dep5d ^u ?is oil2 ,engli% g9 is flav\r$ by oil ( turp5t9e4 ,,k9o4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,k9o4 7,pt]oc>pus ,er9acea4#edg ,extractum4 ,l4 ,eucalypti ,res9if]i4 ,succus ,concretus4 ,e4 ,butea ,frondosa4 ,d47 ,!re is v consid]able obscurity ) reg>d to ! hi/ory & *emical con/itution ( ?is sub/ance2 ?ree v>ieties ( x are met ) 9 ! %ops1 viz4 #a4 ,african ,k9o1 :i* be>s ! highe/ price1 & has all ! appe>ance ( a natural production1 sl5d] twigs be+ (t5 int]mix$ 9 its sub/ance2 x is ( a r$di% br[n col\r1 & has a bitt]i% a/r+5t ta/e4 #b4 ,botany ,bay ,k9o1 has also ! aspect ( a natural production1 x is 9 m solid masses ?an ! =m] species1 is less brittle 7= x conta9s a v small proportion ( res97 &1 ) its a/r+5cy1 has a disagreeable sweeti% ta/e4 #c4 ,jamaica ,k9o1 ?is is ! "o mo/ commonly met )2 x has ! appe>ance ( a dry extract1 is 9 small fragm5ts1 ( a col\r m ne>ly approa*+ to black ?an t ( ! o!rs1 & has an a/r+5t & slightly bitt] ta/e4 ,!re is also a f\r? v>iety m5tion$1 viz4 ! ,ea/ ,india or ,amboyna1 b ?is does n appe> to diff] f ! ,african v>iety4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,9 all ! v>ieties ! pr$om9ant pr9ciples are tann9 & extractive4 ,,solubility4 ,! be/ m5/ruum is dilut$ alcohol4 ,incompatible ,sub/ances1 vide ,gall4 ,mr4 ,?omson also /ates a fact :i* ,i h reason to consid] q correct1 t ! alkalies de/roy ! a/r+5t prop]ties ( k9o4 ,all ! v>ieties are soluble 9 solutions ( pure potass & ammonia1 & no precipitation takes place on ! addition ( wat]4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,x is pr9cipally employ$ z an a/r+5t1 b f its liability to v>y 9 /r5g?1 x has be5 v g5]ally sup]s$$ by ,cate*u4#edh ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,ei!r 9 sub/ance or 9 ! =m ( wat]y infusion1 or 9 t ( t9cture4 ,,dose1 grs4 x to ss4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,t9ct4 ,k9o4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,elect4 ,cate*u4 ,e4,d4 ,pulvis ,alum4 co4 ,e4 ,,kram]i ,,radix4 ,l4 7,kram]ia ,tri&ra ,radix47 ,rhatany4 ,?is root1 al?\gh x has be5 = "s "t employ$ 9 m$ic9e1 has only lately f\nd its way into ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica ( ! ,london ,ph>macopia4 ,its extract1 :i* 0 "s ye>s ago import$ into ?is c\ntry1 is suppos$ to h be5 employ$ = giv+ a/r+5cy to ,port w9e4 ,accord+ to rec5t analysis ! root conta9s a peculi> modification ( ,tann91 ) only a trace ( ,gallic acid2 ,gum2 ,fecula2 & c]ta9 salts ( ,lime4 ,x may be us$ ei!r 9 decoction1 or t9cture1 ! latt] ( :i* may be made by dissolv+ two ounces ( ! root 9 a p9t ( pro( _s4 ,9 all its =ms x is em95tly a/r+5t4 ,i h us$ x ) mu* success 9 ,leucorrha1 & 9 ut]9e hemorrhages4 ,! extract may be di/+ui%$ f ,k9o1 to :i* x be>s a great resemblance 9 appe>ance & ta/e1 by be+ v fusible by heat1 :]eas ,k9o does n possess t "*4 ,,li*54 ,l4,e4,d4 7,li*5 ,isl&icus47 ,li*54 ,icel& ,liv]wort4 ,icel& ,moss4 ,,qualities4 ,od\r1 none2 ,ta/e1 mucilag9\s & bitt]4 ,,solubility4 ,! effect ( wat] ^u ?is vegetable sub/ance is mat]ially modifi$ by temp]ature2 if cold1 ! li*5 absorbs ne>ly its own weight by mac]ation1 b gives out to ! m5/ruum little or none ( its virtues2 if ! wat] be w>m1 x soon acquires a bitt] impregnation2 by ebullition1 a decoction is obta9$1 :i*1 z x cools1 gelat9izes4 ,see ,decoct4 ,li*54 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,pr\/ has %ewn by analysis t #ajj p>ts ( ?is moss conta9 #fd p>ts ( a sub/ance be>+ "s analogy to vegetable glut51 #cc ( matt]1 soluble 9 hot wat]1 & resembl+ />*1 & #c p>ts ( a bitt] pr9ciple4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,?is vegetable 0 introduc$ to ! notice ( ! pr(ession by ,l9nu1 :o recomm5d$ its decoction1 z hav+ be5 adm9i/]$ ) great success = c\ghs 9 ,sw$54 ,^u its introduction into ?is c\ntry1 its patrons be/[$ s _m extravagant eulogiums ^u its p[]s1 t ! less sangu9e practition] at once ab&on$ its use 9 disgu/1 & x fell into unm]it$ disrepute4 ,x w\ld be idle to speak ( its specific effects 9 ph?isis2 b1 z a demulc5t1 x is c]ta9ly v sup]ior to ! mucilag9\s mixtures 9 ord9>y use1 & its simple bitt] pr9ciple at ! same "t t5ds to produce a tonic effect1 :i* is frequ5tly desirable 9 ! debilitat$ condition :i* *>act]izes ! latt] /ages ( ?is disease4 ,!re are circum/ances1 h[ev]1 :i* may r5d] ! removal ( ! bitt] advantage\s2 9 :i* case1 mac]ation 9 successive wat]s1 or 9 a weak alkal9e ley1 z recomm5d$ by ,we/r+1 w be f\nd to answ] ! int5d$ purpose4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ation4 ,decoct4 ,li*54 ,isl&4 ,e4 ,d4 ,sir ,alex&] ,cri*ton has (f]$ "s obs]vations ^u ! g5u95ess ( ?is article :i* des]ve att5tion4 ,he says t !re are two v>ieties 9 ! m>ket2 ! be/ ( :i* has a horny texture1 & yields a bitt] mucilage4 ,x is t :i* comes f ,icel&1 ,norway1 ,sw$51 & ,f9l&4 ,! inf]ior k9d has a membran\s texture1 & yields little bitt] or mucilage 9 comp>ison ) ! =m]4 ,:]e x comes f he kn[s n1 b he suspects x to be ,briti%1 z x is mu* *eap] ?an ! o!r4 ,,limones4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,citrus ,m$ica4 ,bacc47 ,lemons4 ,,succus--,,! ,,juice consi/s ( ,citric acid1 mucilage1 extractive matt]1 & small portions ( sug> & wat]4 ,specific gravity1 #ajchd4 ,x may be pres]v$ = a consid]able l5g? ( "t1 by cov]+ its surface ) fix$ oil4 ,its use 9 mak+ sal9e draughts has be5 already notic$1 see ,acid4 ,citric4 ,its pr9cipal m$ic9al value consi/s 9 its antiscorbutic#edi virtues2 inde$ x may be fairly ass]t$ t ?is disease1 s peculi>ly incid5t to a sea life1 has be5 ne>ly eradicat$ by ! juice ( lemons4 ,sir ,gilb]t ,blane1 9 speak+ ( its efficacy1 ass]ts t 8^? only :o h made !mselves acqua9t$ ) ! e>ly "p ( ! ,naval hi/ory ( ?is c\ntry1 or ^? :o h p]us$ ! int]e/+1 popul>1 & eloqu5t n>rative ( ,commodore ,anson's voyage1 c duly appreciate ! value ( ?is simple rem$y40 ,lemonade1 z a bev]age 9 putrid diseases1 0 fir/ introduc$ by ! ,fr5* physicians 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! #ag? c5tury1 & ab\t ! ye> #affj1 an ,italian f ,flor5ce1 hav+ le>nt a process ( freez+ confection>y1 conceiv$ ! happy idea ( conv]t+ su* bev]age into ice4 ,?is f\nd a ready sale1 & 0 ! occasion ( s great an increase 9 ! numb] ( sell]s ( ,lemonade1 t 9 ! ye> #afgf1 ! ,lemonadi]s ( ,p>is 7 =m$ into a company1 & receiv$ a pat5t f ! gov]nm5t4 ,,cortex--,,! ,,r9d ,,or ,,peel is compos$ ( two di/9ct p>ts2 ! ext]ior1 :i* conta9s gl&s1 fill$ ) a fragrant volatile oil1 ^u :i* all its prop]ties dep5d1 & ! int]ior coat1 :i* is ta/eless & indige/ible4 ,! flav\r may be obta9$ by rubb+ lump sug> ^u x1 :i* w imbibe ! oil1 & if x be !n dri$ by a v g5tle heat1 may be pres]v$ unimpair$ = any l5g? ( "t1 & w be pref]able to ! volatile oil obta9$ by di/illation1 = ! fire g5]ally imp>ts an unpleasant or empyreumatic flav\r4#eej ,x has be5 already /at$1 t 8! diff]5t p>ts ( ! same plant h frequ5tly v diff]5t prop]ties40 ,! ,lemon (f]s a good example ( ?is fact1 = its juice is acid1 its se$s bitt]1 & its peel aromatic4 ,,l9im5ta4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,l9im5ts4 ,^! are ext]nal applications1 hav+ ! consi/5ce ( oil or balsam4 ,if we except ! ,l9im5t4 rug9is1 all ! (fic9al l9im5ts are decompos$ by ! sub/ances :i* are incompatible ) soaps4 ,,l9im5tum ,,rug9is4 ,l4 ,oxymel rug9is4 ,p4,l4 #aghg4 ,mel gyptiacum4 ,p4,l4 #agde4 ,ungu5tum gyptiacum4 ,p4,l4 #agbj4 ,dilut$ ) wat]1 x has be5 recomm5d$ z a g>gle 9 v5]eal ulc]ations1 b its use is haz>d\s2 x is a det]g5t es*>otic prep>ation4 ,,l9im5tum ,,ammoni ,,=tius4 ,l4 ,oleum ,ammoniatum4 ,e4 ,l9im5tum ,ammoni4 ,d4 ,x consi/s ( liquor ammoni "o "p1 olive oil two p>ts1 7oil eight p>ts1 ,e4,d47 ,! alkali =ms ) ! oil a soap1 :i* is held dissolv$ by ! wat] 9 ! liquor ammoni4 ,is an excell5t rubefaci5t1 & p5etrat+ l9im5t4 ,,l9im5tum ,,ammoni ,,sub-,,c>bonatis4 ,l4 ,l9im5tum ,ammoni4 ,p4,l4 #aghg4 ,,l9im5tum ,,volatile4 ,p4,l4 #agde4 ,! c>bonic acid prev5ts ! p]fect =mation ( soap 9 ?is l9im5t2 unlike ! =m] "o1 !re=e1 x deposits ! soapy matt] on /&+4 ,x is mu* less /imulat+ ?an ! prec$+ "o4 ,,l9im5tum ,,calcis4 ,e4,d4 ,oil & lime wat]1 equal p>ts4 ,?is is an e>?y soap1 =m$ by ! comb9ation ( lime & oil2 ! soapy matt] sep>ates on /&+1 x %\ld !re=e be extemporane\s4 ,9 cases ( burns & scalds :]e ! cuticle has be5 de/roy$1 x is an advantage\s application4 ,,l9im5tum ,,camphor4 ,l4 ,oleum ,camphoratum4 ,e4,d4 ,camphor "o1 olive oil f\r p>ts4 ,x is a simple solution ( camphor 9 fix$ oil1 & =ms a v useful embrocation to spra9s1 bruises1 gl&ul> swell+s1 & 9 rheumatic affections4 ,,l9im5tum ,,camphor ,,compositum4 ,l4 ,camphor two1 liquor ammoni six1 spirits ( lav5d] sixte5 p>ts4 ,x is highly /imulat+4#eea ,,l9im5tum ,,hydr>gyri4 ,l4 ,a p\nd ( ?is l9im5t conta9s ne>ly iv ( m]cury2 x affects ! m\? m rapidly ?an /rong m]curial o9tm5t1 al?\gh x w be se5 by ! ,m$ic9al ,dynamet] to conta9 less ,m]cury4 ,?is effect is to be attribut$ to ! /imulat+ prop]ties ( its adjuncts1 viz4 ,camphor & ,ammonia4 ,,l9im5tum ,,saponis ,,compositum4 ,l4 ,h>d soap iij1 camphor j1 _s ( rosem>y xvj p>ts4 ,x is a /imulant & anodyne application1 & 9 local pa9s opium may be advantage\sly add$ to x4 ,x is commonly us$ "u ! "n ( ,opodeldoc4#eeb ,see ,sapo4 ,,l9im5tum ,,t]eb9?94 ,?is l9im5t 0 introduc$ by ,mr4 ,k5ti% ( ,newca/le1 z a dress+ to rec5t burns1 :i* he cont9u$ until ! es*>s became loose4 ,,l9um ,,ca?>ticum4 ,l4,d4 ,purg+ ,flax4 ,! qualities ( ?is plant reside 9 extractive matt]1 h5ce wat] extracts1 b long decoction injures !m4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,x is /rongly purgative4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ij ( ! dri$ h]b infus$ 9 oj ( boil+ wat]4 ,,dose1 fij4 ,,l9i ,,usitatissimi ,,sem9a4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,l9se$1 or ,common ,flax ,se$4 ,^! se$s conta9 a l>ge proportion ( mucilage1 & "o-six? ( _! weight ( fix$ oil2 ! =m] ( :i* resides pr9cipally 9 ! cuticle1 ! latt]1 9 ! p>5*ymat\s portion ( ! se$2 by infusion 9 boil+ wat]1 a cle>1 col\rless1 inodor\s1 & ne>ly insipid mucilage is obta9$2 ss ( ! unbruis$ se$ is suffici5t = oj ( wat]2 cold wat] does n extract any mucilage f !m :5 unbruis$2 ! f>9a ( ! se$s is well adapt$ = cataplasms4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,infus4 ,l9i ,comp3 ,l4 ,oleum ,l9i4 ,l4 ,e4 ,d4 ,,liquor ,,alum9is ,,compositus4 ,l4 ,aqua ,alum9osa ,bateana4 ,p4 ,l4 #agde4 ,?is is a comp\nd solution ( alum & sulphate ( z9c2 a fluid-ounce conta9+ ab\t sev5 gra9s ( ea* +r$i5t1 x is p[]fully a/r+5t1 & is successfully us$ z a det]g5t lotion to old ulc]s2 z a collyrium1 or z an injection 9 gleet & fluor albus2 x w also (t5 answ] 9 remov+ *ilbla9s1 & 9 cur+ slight excoriations4 ,,liquor ,,ammoni4 ,l4 ,,aqua ,,ammoni4 ,e4 ,,aqua ,,ammoni ,,cau/ic4 ,d4 ,solution ( ,ammonia4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 a limpid1 col\rless fluid2 specific gravity1 #ifj1 or fj weighs ab\t #dch grs4 ,od\r1 /rong & pung5t2 ,ta/e1 extremely cau/ic4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,a solution ( ammoniacal gas 9 wat]1 :i* v>ies consid]ably 9 /r5g? 9 ! diff]5t ph>macopias4 ,:5 prep>$ accord+ to ! ,london & ,ed9burgh ,colleges1 x conta9s ne>ly #be p] c5t4 ( ammonia1 :]eas ! ,dubl9 prep>ation does n conta9 m ?an #af4 ,,solv5t ,,p[]s4 ,x is an active solv5t ( _m vegetable pr9ciples1 e4 g4 oils1 res9s1 c4 ,) alcohol x unites 9 e proportion2 x assi/s ! oxidizem5t ( copp] & z9c1 & dissolves _m ( ! metallic oxides4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,/imulant1 rubefaci5t1 & antacid4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,9 milk1 or any liquid vehicle2 if 9 decoctions1 or infusions1 !y mu/ be previ\sly cool$2 = at #acj ! ammonia w escape 9 ! =m ( gas4 ,,dose1 x to xxx4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,l9im5tum ,ammoni4 ,l4,d4 ,oleum ,ammon4 ,e4 ,spir4 ,ammoni4 ,l4 ,spir4 ,ammoni comp4 ,l4 ,spir4 ,ammon4 succ9at4 ,l4 ,l9im5t4 ,camphor4 comp4 ,l4 ,,adult]ations4 ,! pres5ce ( o!r salts 9 ! solution may be discov]$ by saturat+ a portion ) pure nitric acid1 & apply+ ! te/ = sulphuric acid1 7,b>ytes7 & t = muriatic acid1 7,nitrate ( ,silv]47 ,c>bonic acid is detect$ by its eff]vesc+ ) acids1 or by its =m+ ) lime wat]1 a precipitate1 soluble ) eff]vesc5ce 9 nitric acid2 x ought to be free f all fetor2 its /r5g? c only be det]m9$ by tak+ its specific gravity4 ,x %\ld be pres]v$ 9 well clos$ bottles1 & _! dim5sions %\ld be small1 = :5 9 l>ge vessels x (t5 becomes c>bonat$ be=e x is half us$4 ,,liquor ,,ammoni ,,acetatis4 ,l4 ,,aqua ,,acetatis ,,ammoni4 ,e4,d4 ,solution ( ,acetate ( ,ammonia4 olim1 ,_s ( ,m9d]]us4 ,?is prep>ation is a solution ( ! neutral acetate ( ammonia1 ) a proportion ( c>bonic acid diffus$ ?r\gh x2 x is made by saturat+ ! sub-c>bonate ( ammonia ) di/ill$ v9eg>1 = :i* purpose x w g5]ally be f\nd t j ( ! alkali w saturate oiss ( ! v9eg>2 s9ce1 h[ev]1 ! quantity ( acid 9 di/ill$ v9eg> z well ! /r5g? ( ! ammonia1 are liable to con/ant v>iation1 ! exact po9t ( neutralization %\ld be asc]ta9$ by ! alt]nate application ( litmus & turm]ic pap]s2 = if ! proportions be n accurately adju/$1 "s ( ! metallic salts1 especially ^? ( antimony1 :i* are (t5 prescrib$ 9 conjunction ) x1 are decompos$1 & ?us r5d]$ inefficaci\s2 & on ?is acc\nt an excess ( alkali is to be fe>$ m ?an t ( acid4 ,?is prep>ation is also n unfrequ5tly employ$ z a collyrium1 :5 mu* s]i\s mis*ief may arise f ! c>bonate ( ammonia pr$om9at+4 ,x has be5 already /at$ t a v m9ute proportion ( extractive matt] is r5d]$ s5sible on ! addition ( an alkali2 h5ce ?is prep>ation frequ5tly d]ives f ! v9eg> a br[n hue1 :i* may be remov$ by filt]+ ! solution ?r\gh a little well burnt *>coal4 ,x also des]ves notice t ! pres5ce ( a trace ( copp]1 d]iv$ f ! copp] cocks ?r\gh :i* ! v9eg> has pass$1 w imp>t a br[n t+e1 :il/ 9 l>g] quantities ?is metal yields a blue col\r ) ammonia4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,acids2 fix$ alkalies2 alum2 lime wat]2 sulphate ( magnesia2 corrosive sublimate2 nitrate ( silv]2 & ! sulphates ( z9c1 copp]1 & iron4 ,acetate ( lead produces also a copi\s precipitation1 b ?is dep5ds ^u ! pres5ce ( ! c>bonic acid diffus$ ?r\gh ! solution1 :i* decomposes ! salt & =ms an insoluble c>bonate ( lead4 ,magnesia likewise1 contr>y to :at might be suppos$1 decomposes ! solution & r5d]s x pung5t1 f ! extrication ( ammoniacal gas2 ?is ph5om5on dep5ds ^u ! magnesia =m+ a triple acetate ) "o "p ( ! ammonia1 & sett+ ! rema9d] at lib]ty4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,:5 assi/$ by w>m? & pl5tiful dilution1 x is an excell5t diaphoretic1 & produces its effects )\t quick5+ ! circulation3 7,=m3 #aag1 #abf17 by keep+ ! surface ( ! body cool1 its action is det]m9$ to ! kidneys1 & x proves diuretic1 especially :5 comb9$ ) rem$ies ( a simil> t5d5cy4 7,=m3 #aaa47 ,,dose1 fiv to fxij4 ,ext]nally x furni%es a lotion1 valuable z a refrig]ant1 especially :5 comb9$ ) "s spiritu\s prep>ation4 ,see ,=m3 #adh4 ,,liquor ,,ammoni ,,sub-,,c>bonatis4 ,l4 ,,solutio ,,sub-,,c>bonatis ,,ammoni4 ,e4 ,,aqua ,,c>bonatis ,,ammoni4 ,d4 ,?is is m]ely a solution ( ! solid sub-c>bonate 9 di/ill$ wat]1 see ,ammoni ,sub-c>bonas4 ,,dose1 fss to fj 9 any bl& liquid4 ,,adult]ations4 ,!re is frequ5tly a defici5t quantity ( ! sub-c>bonate 9 solution1 its pung5cy be+ kept up by ! addition ( liquor ammoni2 ?is may be discov]$ by %ak+ x ) twice its bulk ( alcohol1 :5 a coagulum ( consid]able d5sity %\ld occur1 ! abs5ce ( :i* w d5ote ! sophi/ication ( ! article4 ,its specific gravity %\ld be #aaej4 ,! ,incompatibles are ^? enum]at$ "u ! hi/ory ( ,ammoni ,sub-c>bonas4 ,,liquor ,,ars5icalis4 ,l4 ,,solutio ,,ars5icalis4 ,e4 ,?is is a solution ( ! ,ars5ite ( ,potass1 col\r$ & flav\r$ by ! ,comp\nd ,_s ( ,lav5d]1 fj ( :i* conta9s gr4 ( ars5i\s acid4 ,x 0 introduc$ into practice by ,dr4 ,f[l] ( ,/af=d1 z a sub/itute = ! empirical rem$y kn[n by ! "n ( 8,! ,ta/eless ,ague ,drop40 ,x is a p[]ful tonic1 & has be5 v successfully adm9i/]$ 9 ! cure ( int]mitt5t & remitt5t fev]s1 p]iodical heada*es1 & z an alt]ative 9 _m anomal\s diseases ( ! sk94 ,x has be5 also giv51 ) decid$ effect1 9 c]ta9 visc]al ob/ructions2 its use h[ev] is to a great degree empirical1 al?\gh we may obs]ve1 g5]ally1 t :]ev] /rong art]ial action exi/s1 ars5ic w d h>m4 ,! addition ( a few drops ( ,v9um ,opii is said to r5d] its op]ation saf] & m efficaci\s4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,lime wat]2 nitrate ( silv]2 ! salts ( copp]2 hydro-sulphuret ( potass1 & ! infusions & decoctions ( b>k4 ,,dose1 iv1 gradually increas$ to xxx1 twice a day4 ,see ,ars5icum ,album4 ,,liquor ,,calcis4 ,l4 ,,aqua ,,calcis4 ,e4 ,d4 ,lime ,wat]4 ,x is a saturat$ solution ( lime 9 wat]2 fj ( :i* conta9s #c_/d ( a gra94#eec ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,all alkal9e & metallic salts2 borates2 t>trates2 citrates2 acids2 sulphur2 spiritu\s prep>ations1 & ! infusions ( all a/r+5t vegetables4 ,x %\ld be kept 9 close vessels1 = if expos$ to ! air1 ! lime w attract c>bonic acid1 & become an insoluble c>bonate2 ! addition ( an alkal9e c>bonate produces ! same effect in/antane\sly4#eed ,if animal *>coal be boil$ ) lime-wat]1 x w precipitate ! :ole ( ! lime1 an effect :i* is n produc$ by *>coal ( vegetable orig94 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x is an antacid1 & is !re=e useful 9 dyspepsia att5d$ ) acidity2 ,=m4 #adi4 ,mix$ ) an equal quantity ( milk1 x furni%es an excell5t rem$y 9 infantile compla9ts connect$ ) b[el affections2 x is likewise a/r+5t 9 leucorrha1 9 ! la/ /ages ( dys5t]y1 & 9 protract$ di>rha4 ,x dissolves also ! slimy mucus ) :i* disord]$ b[els are s g5]ally infe/$2 on acc\nt ( ?is latt] prop]ty1 x has be5 exhibit$ 9 calcul\s affections1#eee ) ! view ( dissolv+ ! cem5t+ +r$i5t ( ! concretion1 & !reby ( de/roy+ its cohesion3 see page #abc4 ,n be+ v nause\s1 x is easily giv5 "u any circum/ances1 & x is n liable to produce t irritability ( /oma* :i* frequ5tly att5ds ! long cont9u$ use ( ! fix$ alkalies4 ,x also frequ5tly =ms ! basis ( a/r+5t g>gles4 ,lime wat] moreov] af=ds a successful rem$y 9 c]ta9 cutane\s affections1 p>ticul>ly ^? affect+ ! face1 z ,gutta ,rosea4 ,sir ,g4 ,blane has also se5 "s rem>kable cures ( h]petic compla9ts ( ! legs by l>ge doses2 he has also employ$ x ) effect z a lotion4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,milk disguises its flav\r1 )\t impair+ its virtues4 ,,dose1 fj to fvj4 ,sug> has ! curi\s prop]ty ( r5d]+ lime m soluble 9 wat]4 ,see ,sac*>um4 ,,liquor ,,calcis ,,muriatis4 ,l4,d4 ,solution ( ,muriate ( ,lime4 ,?is solution is said to be tonic & deob/ru5t1 & to h be5 advantage\sly giv5 9 scr(ula4 ,x has also be5 f\nd useful 9 ,urtic>ia1 & sev]al o!r =ms ( cutane\s disease4 ,,incompatibles4 ,sulphuric acid1 & ! ,sulphates2 ! fix$ alkalies & _! c>bonates2 ammonia produces no *ange 9 ! solution1 b its c>bonate decomposes x1 & precipitates c>bonate ( lime4 ,,dose1 xx to fij4 ,,liquor ,,cupri ,,ammoniati4 ,l4 ,solution ( ,ammoniat$ ,copp]4 ,?is is a simple solution ( ! salt 9 di/ill$ wat]4 ,! prep>ation1 al?\gh p]fectly transp>5t :5 fir/ =m$1 soon becomes turbid & deposits oxide ( copp]2 ?is arises f ! escape ( ammonia1 & may be prev5t$ by ! occasional addition ( a small quantity ( ! volatile alkali4 ,see ,cuprum ,ammoniatum4 ,! ,m$ic9al ,dynamet] w %[ ! proportion ( salt 9 any giv5 quantity ( ! solution4 ,,liquor ,,f]ri ,,alkal9i4 ,l4 ,solution ( ,alkal9e ,iron4 ,?is prep>ation is ne>ly ! same z ,/ahl's ,t9ctura ,m>tis ,alkal9a4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x is by no means asc]ta9$4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,x is a mo/ injudici\s prep>ation1 = x _c be exhibit$ 9 any =m )\t decomposition2 wat]1 especially if n di/ill$1 & vegetable infusions & decoctions1 produce d5se precipitates2 pure acids1 alkalies1 & _s1 also decompose x4 ,i mu/ confess my regret at ! ,college hav+ reta9$ ?is prep>ation 9 _! ,ph>macopia2 ! committee agre$ to reject x1 b _! judgm5t 0 rev]s$ by ! votes ( ! ,comitia ,majora4 ,%\ld any practition] be unable to procure ?is prep>ation1 ,i w give him an easy receipt = produc+ x1 viz4 ,let him keep ! ,mi/ura ,f]ri composita 9 an op5 vessel1 until x is entirely spoilt6 ,,liquor ,,hydr>gyri ,,oxy-,,muriatis4 ,l4 ,?is solution ( corrosive sublimate is int5d$ to facilitate ! exhibition ( m9ute doses ( ! salt2 fj conta9s gr4 2 :5 long kept1 or expos$ to light1 ! oxy-muriate is decompos$1 & calomel is precipitat$2 7see ,hydrag3 ,oxymuriatis37 or1 :at is m dang]\s1 x is sometimes deposit$ 9 cry/als1 )\t decomposition2 a small portion ( muriatic acid1 or muriate ( ammonia 9 ! solution1 prev5ts ?is precipitation4 ,,dose1 fss to fij1 9 an infusion ( l9se$4 ,,liquor ,,plumbi ,,sub-,,acetatis4 ,l4 ,,liquor ,,sub-,,acetatis ,,li?>gyri4 ,d4 ,aqua ,li?>gyri ,acetati1 ,p4 ,l4 #agfg4 ,solution ( ,sub-acetate ( ,lead3 olim1 ,extract ( ,saturn4 ,?is prep>ation 0 introduc$ by ,m4 ,g\l>d ( ,montpelli]1 h5ce x has be5 commonly kn[n by ! "n ( ,g\l>d's ,extract4 ,,qualities4 ,x is ( a gre5i% /raw col\r1 & has an au/]e1 sweeti% ta/e2 :5 kept x deposits a quantity ( oxide1 & becomes light] col\r$4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x is a saturat$ solution ( ! sub-acetate ( lead1 consi/+1 accord+ to ,b]zelius1 ( "o proportional ( acid1 & ?ree proportionals ( oxide ( lead2 h5ce its "n is correct4 ,x is ! only in/ance ) :i* we are acqua9t$ ( a real sub-salt be+ soluble 9 wat]4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,alkalies & _! c>bonates precipitate a :ite sub-salt2 alkal9e sulphates & sulphurets2 mucilage4 ,spr+ ,wat]1 f ! salts :i* x conta9s1 produces ) x a v milky & turbid appe>ance2 & ev5 :5 di/ill$1 9 consequ5ce ( ! c>bonic acid diffus$ ?r\gh x1 x occasions precipitation4 ,! ,surgeon w rememb] t ! ,l9im5tum ,saponis _c be mix$ ) x1 )\t mutual decomposition4 ,see ,sapo4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x is only us$ ext]nally1 9 sup]ficial & phlegmonic inflammations ( ! sk91 & 9 h]petic affections4 ,x has be5 a "q :e!r ,lead1 9 any =m1 %\ld ev] be appli$ to an op5 w\nd1 or to an abrad$ surface2#eef z a g5]al rule1 x %\ld n c]ta9ly be appli$ to su* z are rec5t1 nor to ^? ^: "* indicates a dim9i%$ /ate ( vitality 9 ! p>ts1 & exhibits a disposition to gangr5e4 ,! abuse ( ,saturn9e lotions has be5 frequ5tly descant$ ^u by =eign writ]s1 &1 among ! evils :i* are suppos$ to be ?us induc$1 impot5ce is m5tion$ z "o ( n unfrequ5t occurr5ce4 ,see ,in/itutioni di ,m$ic9a ,=5s3 di ,tortosa1 vol4 #a4 p4 #eh4 also ,fritze ,comp5d3 sopra le ,malat3 ,v5]3 p4 #ahi4 & ,monteggia ,annotat3 sopra i ,mali ,v5]ei1 p4 #cf4 ,!re is a pap] 9 ! ?ird volume ( ! ,m$ical ,transactions1 by ,dr4 ,reynolds1 9 :i* ! case ( a g5tleman is detail$1 :o br\ght on a tempor>y p>alysis ( ! ,sph9ct] ,ani1 by freely us+ ,g\l>d's lotion = ! cure ( ! ,piles4 ,! value ( ,saturn9e applications 9 common inflammation mo/ probably arises f a p>tial p>alysis ( ! n]ves ( ! "p1 produc$ by ! s$ative ag5cy ( ! lead4 ,,liquor ,,plumbi ,,sub-,,acetatis ,,dilutus4 ,l4 ,z ! =m] prep>ation is v r>ely employ$ 9 its conc5trat$ =m1 ! ,college has direct$ its dilution1 & add$ a portion ( _s1 ) a view to accel]ate its evaporation1 & ?us to produce a refrig]at+ effect2 b = su* a purpose ! quantity ( _s is f> too small1 & %\ld !re=e be increas$ by extemporane\s addition4 ,,liquor ,,potass4 ,l4 ,,aqua ,,potass4 ,e4 ,,aqua ,,kali ,,cau/ica4 ,d4 ,aqua kali puri4 ,p4,l4 #aghg4 ,lixivium ,sapon>ium1 #agde4 ,,qualities4 ,a limpid1 d5se1 col\rless solution2 a p9t %\ld weigh xvj2 :5 rubb$ betwe5 ! f+]s x feels soapy1 9 consequ5ce ( a p>tial solution ( ! cuticle4 ,! solution1 z usually prep>$1 conta9s small portions ( muriate & sulphate ( potass1 silica & lime2 b ^! incid5tal impurities d n invalidate its virtues2 x ought n to eff]vesce ) acids4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,antacid1 diuretic1 alt]ative1 & li?on?ryptic2 & ext]nally1 :5 dilut$1 x acts z a /imulat+ lotion1#eeg & if conc5trat$1 z a cau/ic2 see ,potassa ,fusa4 ,! op]ation ( ?is & o!r alkal9e rem$ies1 h at diff]5t p]iods be5 celebrat$ z p[]ful li?on?riptics1 & :il/ exp]i5ce has 9 "s cases confirm$ ! value ( ! practice1 x has 9 o!rs prov$ no less decid$ly its mis*iev\s ag5cy2 ^! contradictory results are at l5g? capable ( explanation1 = ,*emi/ry has drawn aside ! veil t has s long obscur$ ! hi/ory1 orig91 & cure ( calcul\s diseases1 & has demon/rat$ t ^! extrane\s bodies v>y 9 composition1 & are consequ5tly v diff]5tly affect$ by ! same *emical solv5ts2 b ?is subject has already be5 s fully discuss$ 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is "w1 "u ! *apt] on 8,antili?ics & ,li?on?ryptics10 t x is unnecess>y to dwell ^u x 9 ?is place4 ,x has also be5 f\nd highly useful 9 ! cure ( sev]al species ( cutane\s affections2 z 9 ,lepra1 ,psoriasis1 c4 :i* diseases g5]ally appe> to h "s connection ) a morbid /ate ( ! dige/ive functions2 see ,=m3 #adi4 ,,dose ( ! solution ( potass1 x to fss1 9 veal bro?#eeh or table be]2 ?is latt] vehicle disguises its nause\s flav\r completely4 ,9 _m cases1 ! infusion ( "s bitt] tonic w be ! mo/ eligible liquor 9 :i* x c be exhibit$1 especially :]e our object is to promote its absorption3 ! !ory ( su* a comb9ation has be5 already expla9$ 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is "w1 p4 #aec4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,potassa fusa1 ,l4,e4,d4 ,potassa cum calce1 ,l4,e4,d4 ,liquor ,sulphureti ,kali1 ,d4 ,antimonii ,sulphuretum ,prcipitatum1 ,l4,e4 ,,liquor ,,potass ,,sub-,,c>bonatis4 ,l4 ,,aqua ,,sub-,,c>bonatis ,,kali4 ,d4 ,aqua ,kali prp>ati1 ,p4,l4 #aghg4 ,lixivium ,t>t>i4 #agde4 ,oleum ,t>t>i p] deliquium1 ,p4,l4 #agbj4 ,,qualities4 ,x is a cle>1 col\rless1 & inodor\s solution2 ,spec4 grav4 #addf4 ,,dose1 x to fj4 ,see ,potass ,sub-c>bonas1 & ,=m3 #ci1 #da4 ,! proportion ( ! salt conta9$ 9 any quantity ( ! solution may be le>nt by ref]r+ to ! ,dynamet]4 ,,liriod5dron ,,tulipif]a4 ,am]ican ,tulip be>+ popl>4 ,cortex4 ,?is is a native tree ( ,am]ica1 & "o ( ! mo/ magnific5t to be f\nd 9 our =e/s--di/+ui%$ no less by its great altitude ?an by its beautiful foliage4 ,x gr[s 9 almo/ e "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! "p us$ 9 m$ic9e is ! ,b>k4 ,?is has a r\gh1 fibr\s appe>ance & is ( a :iti% col\r4 ,its ta/e is bitt]1 a/r+5t1 & some:at acrid & aromatic4 ,by analysis1 x yields gum1 res91 muriatic acid1 iron1 mucus1 c4 ,9 its action on ! sy/em1 x is decid$ly tonic1 exhibit+ at ! same "t1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 /imulant prop]ties4 ,if giv5 9 consid]able quantities x acts also on ! sk9 & kidneys4 ,x has be5 us$ ) advantage & success 9 int]mitt5t fev]1 *ronic rheumatism1 g\t1 hy/]ia1 & 9 debilitat$ /ates ( ! /oma*4 ,x may be giv5 9 sub/ance1 :i* is ! mo/ efficaci\s =m ( us+ x1 9 doses ( f ss to ij4 ,,lobelia ,,inflata4 ,indian ,tobacco4 ,h]ba4 ,?is is a plant v common 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x has an acrid ta/e1 v simil> to t ( gre5 tobacco4 ,by analysis x is f\nd to conta9 an acrid pr9ciple1 ca\t*\c1 & extractive4 ,x is soluble bo? 9 wat] & alcohol4 ,9 its m$ic9al effects1 ! lobelia is analog\s to common tobacco1 & v>ies v mu* accord+ to ! dose 9 :i* x is giv54 ,x may ?us be made to act ei!r z an emetic1 antispasmodic1 expectorant1 or diaphoretic4 ,! diseases 9 :i* x has be5 f\nd useful are a/hma1 cr\p1 hoop+ c\gh1 & cat>rh4 ,! t9cture is ! be/ prep>ation1 & is prep>$ by dige/+1 = t5 days1 ij ( ! plant 9 a p9t ( dilut$ alcohol4 ,! dose is f j to iv--( ! p[d]1 ! dose to prove emetic is f #aj to #bj grs4 ,,magnesia4 ,l4 ,,magnesia ,,u/a4 ,d4 ,calc9$ ,magnesia4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 a :ite1 v light1 s(t p[d]2 ,specific gravity1 #bc2 x turns to gre5 ! m delicate vegetable blues4 ,,solubility4 ,al?\gh x requires #bjjj times its weight ( wat] to hold x 9 solution1 yet x has ! prop]ty ( consid]ably increas+ ! solubility ( camphor1 opium1 & res9s 9 ! same fluid2 x is soluble 9 solutions ( ! alkal9e c>bonates1 b n 9 ^? ( cau/ic alkalies4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x is an oxide ( a peculi> metal4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,antacid1 & :5 acidity prevails1 purgative2 x is pref]able to ! c>bonate :5ev] ! b[els are di/5d$ ) flatus1 7,=m3 #aej73 9 o!r respects1 its virtues are ! same4 ,see ,magnes4 ,c>b4 ,! ,m$ic9al ,dynamet] w %ew ! equival5t doses ( ! pure e>? & its c>bonate2 x w be se5 = in/ance t #ab gra9s ( ! =m] w be z effici5t1 z an antacid1 z #be gra9s ( ! latt]4 ,,incid5tal ,,impurities4 ,x ought n to eff]vesce ) acids1 & if magnesia & muriatic acid be plac$ at "o "t 9 sep>ate cups1 9 a scale ( a balance1 no dim9ution ( weight %\ld take place on mix+ !m4 ,lime is detect$ by its solution 9 dilute sulphuric acid af=d+ a precipitate ) oxalate ( ammonia2 ! sulphuret ( lime betrays itself by yield+1 :5 moi/5$1 ! smell ( sulphurett$ hydrog54#eei ,,magnesi ,,sub-,,c>bonas4 ,l4 ,,c>bonas ,,magnesi4 ,e4 ,,magnesia4 ,d4 ,olim1 ,magnesia ,alba4 ,c>bonate ( ,magnesia1 vulgo1 ,common ,magnesia4 ,?is prep>ation 0 =m]ly consid]$ by ,mr4 ,phillips to be a mixture ( c>bonate & sub-c>bonate ( magnesia1 an op9ion :i* he has lately retract$2 x is1 says he1 evid5tly a c>bonate1 i4 e4 magnesia comb9$ ) "o proportion ( c>bonic acid1 or =ty-eight ( c>bonic acid to =ty-?ree ( magnesia4 ,dr4 ,?ompson ent]ta9s a diff]5t op9ion1 he obs]ves t x seems to be a me*anical mixture ( c>bonate ( magnesia1 cau/ic magnesia1 & p]haps ( hydrat$ magnesia2 he f\nd too great a div]sity 9 its composition to p]mit ! conclusion t x 0 a def9ite *emical comp\nd2 9 a specim5 pur*as$ at ,glasg[1 he also f\nd six p] c5t4 ( sulphate ( lime4 ,i take ?is opportunity ( /at+ t 9 "s specim5s :i* ,i h exam9$1 ,i h also detect$ portions ( gypsum2 & f ! exp]im5ts ( ,dr4 ,p]cival1 x appe>s t if h>d wat] be employ$ = its prep>ation x w be less light1 & w conta9 a portion ( lime4 ,magnesia w be also liable to conta9 traces ( silici\s e>?1 d]iv$ f ! alkali us$ 9 produc+ x4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,acids1 & acidul\s salts2 alkalies & neutral salts2 alum2 cream ( t>t>2 nitrate ( silv]2 acetate ( m]cury2 oxy-muriate ( m]cury2 acetate ( lead2 sulphates ( z9c1 copp]1 & iron4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,antacid1 & purgative4 ,9 cases ( li?ic calculi1 c>bonate ( magnesia1 9 doses ( j to j1 has be5 propos$ by ,mr4 ,hat*ett1 z a valuable sub/itute = alkal9e rem$ies4 ,its insolubility mu/ r5d] its absorption equivocal2 its b5eficial op]ation mu/ !re=e pr9cipally dep5d ^u its neutraliz+ any excess ( acid 9 ! prim vi1 & 9 ?is way !re c be no d\bt ( its li?on?ryptic ag5cy2 8b10 says ,dr4 ,m>cet1 8su* is ! t5d5cy :i* ! public has to ov]-rate ! utility ( a new practice1 or to take a mi/ak5 view ( its prop] application1 t !re is e reason to believe t ! use ( magnesia has ( late ye>s become a frequ5t s\rce ( evil 9 calcul\s compla9ts40 ,see page #abd4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,hydr>g4 cum ,magnesia4 ,d4 ,magnesia4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,,adult]ations4 ,*alk may be detect$ by add+ dilute sulphuric acid to a suspect$ portion1 :51 %\ld any be pres5t1 ! solution w be load$ ) a :ite & insoluble precipitate2 gypsum1 by boil+ a sample 9 di/ill$ wat]1 & assay+ ! solution by a b>ytic & oxalic te/4#efj ,,magnesi ,,sulphas4 ,l4 ,,sulphas ,,magnesi4 ,e4,d4 ,magnesia ,vitriolata4 ,sal ca?>ticum am>um4 ,bitt] purg+ ,salt4 ,epsom ,salt4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 small ne$le-l cry/als4 ,ta/e1 bitt] & nause\s2 :5 pure1 x effloresces4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,9 its cry/alliz$ /ate1 x may be consid]$ z compos$ ( #a proportional ( dry sulphate 7,magnesia #ahe1 & sulphuric acid #cge7 & #g proportionals ( wat]4 ,,solubility4 fj ( wat] dissolves j1 & ! solution measures fxj2 x is insoluble 9 alcohol4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,muriates ( ammonia1 b>yta1 & lime2 nitrate ( silv]2 sub-acetate1 & acetate ( lead4 ,! fix$ alkalies & _! c>bonates1 precipitate f x magnesia & its c>bonate4 ,phosphate ( soda occasions no imm$iate precipitate1 unless ammonia be pres5t1 9 :i* case ! triple ammoniaco-magnesian phosphate w be produc$4 ,! addition ( ammonia1 :i* 9 ! =m ( ,spiritus ammoni aromat4 is n unfrequ5tly prescrib$ 9 conjunction ) a solution ( ?is sulphate1 =ms also a triple salt1 & a portion ( magnesia is precipitat$3 :5ev] !re=e ?is ammoniacal /imulant is ord]$ ) a purgative salt1 ! sci5tific physician w pref] a solution ( ! sulphate ( soda4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,dissolv$ 9 ! ,infusum ,ros1 or 9 a suitable quantity ( beef tea1 gruel1 or any aque\s vehicle1 its ca?>tic p[]s are increas$ by dilution1 z well z by ! addition ( a little common salt2 magnesia r5d]s ! ta/e ( its solution less nause\s2 & t>t>iz$ antimony quick5s its op]ation4 ,,dose1 ss to ij1 tak5 ei!r at once1 or 9 divid$ doses4 ,=m4 #cg1 #fi1 #gb1 #gf4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,enema ,ca?>ticum4 ,enema ,ftid4 ,d4 ,,adult]ations4 ,sulphate ( ,soda is (t5 sub/itut$ = ?is salt1 :i* x may be made to resemble by /irr+ x briskly at ! mom5t :5 x is ab\t to cry/allize2 ! fraud may be detect$ by a precipitation n ensu+ on add+ c>bonate ( potass2 if only a "p ( ! salt be sulphate ( soda1 ! degree ( sophi/ication c be le>nt by ! quantity ( ! precipitate =m$2 #ajj p>ts ( sulphate ( magnesia1 if pure1 w yield betwe5 #cj & #dj ( ! dry c>bonate4 ,epsom salt1 z x commonly occurs1 conta9s muriate ( magnesia1 :i* disposes x to deliquesce1 b lately ?is salt has appe>$ 9 ! m>ket 9 a /ate ( great purity & beauty2 ! mode ( purification is f\nd$ ^u ! well kn[n *emical law1 t a saturat$ solution ( "o salt is /ill capable ( dissolv+ ano!r2 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 !re=e1 ! impure cry/als are wa%$ 9 a saturat$ solution ( ! same sulphate1 :i*1 al?\gh unable to act ^u its k9dr$ salt1 c dissolve ) facility ! muriate1 & any o!r sal9e contam9ation4 ,i confess1 h[ev]1 t ,i am induc$ to reg>d ?is process z r *emically +5i\s ?an z m$ic9ally useful1 = ! usual sal9e impurities ( ,epsom salt are n only h>mless1 b capable ( increas+ its purgative p[]s2 ! d\ble ref9$ sulphate is c]ta9ly less effici5t z a ca?>tic4 ,! pres5ce ( ! muriate may be at once detect$ by dropp+ ^u ! suspect$ sample "s sulphuric acid1 by :i* ! dis5gagem5t ( muriatic acid vap\r w be produc$4 ,s9ce ! publication ( ! f\r? edition ( ! pres5t "w1 ,i h receiv$ samples ( ! sulphate ( ,magnesia1 prep>$ by ,mr4 ,we/ ( ,lym+ton1 & ,i c confid5tly recomm5d ! article to ! pr(ession2 he contrives to obta9 !m 9 l>ge & beautiful cry/als1 :i* _c be s easily mi/ak5 = ^? ( oxalic acid1 a circum/ance ( no small importance to ! drug v5d]2 ! =m ( ^! cry/als is t ( a squ>e prism1 hav+ its edges replac$1 & commonly t]m9at$ by a pyramid ( f\r planes2 ! only cleavage is p>allel to "o ( ! diagonals ( ! prism4 ,! num]\s accid5ts :i* s frequ5tly occur f mi/ak+ ,oxalic acid = ,epsom ,salts h giv5 rise to _m sugge/ions = obta9+ an easy & popul> te/ :i* may at once di/+ui% ^! bodies2 x is evid5t t no te/ c be s simple z t af=d$ by ! ta/e2 b if su* accid5ts are 9 future to be prev5t$1 x mu/ be done by imp>t+ to ! acid "s ext]nal "* by :i* x may be at once recognis$2 if a te/ 7 ev5 discov]$ a hundr$ times m s5sible ?an any :i* we possess1 :at w\ld x avail8 ,,manna4#efa ,l4,e4,d4 7,frax9us ,ornus4 ,succus ,concretus47 ,manna4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 flakes ( a granul> texture2 ,col\r1 :iti%1 or pale yell[2 ,od\r1 slight b peculi>2 ,ta/e1 nause\s sweet1 ) "s degree ( bitt]ness4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,?is concrete vegetable juice1 besides sug>1 appe>s to conta9 mucilage & extractive1 to :i* its ta/e & o!r peculi> prop]ties are ow+4 ,,solubility4 ,x is entirely soluble 9 wat] & alcohol4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x is n[ m]ely reg>d$ z a laxative = *ildr51 or = weak p]sons4 ,x g5]ally requires "s laxative adjunct1 z ca/or oil1 ) :i* x may be comb9$ by ! m$ium ( mucilage4 ,,dose1 = *ildr51 f j to iij1 9 w>m milk4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,confectio ,cassi4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,enema ,ca?>t4 ,d4 ,enema ,ftid4 ,d4 ,syrup4 ,s5n4 ,d4 ,,adult]ations4 ,!re are sev]al v>ieties 9 ! m>ket1 ! be/ ( :i* is flake manna1 manna canulata1 9 a /alactitic =m4 ,an article1 entirely factiti\s1 consi/+ ( honey or sug>1 mix$ ) scammony1 is sometimes sold = g5u9e manna1 b its col\r1 weight1 transp>5cy1 & ta/e1 mu/ in/antly lead to its detection4 ,,ma/i*e4 ,l4 7,pi/a*ia ,l5tiscus4 ,res9a47 ,ma/i*4 ,! use ( ?is res9\s sub/ance is to fill ! cavities ( c>i\s tee?2 a solution ( x 9 oil ( turp5t9e is sold z an odontalgic4 ,! ,turki% & ,arm5ian wom5 use x z a ma/icatory = clean+ ! tee?1 emulg+ ! saliv>y gl&s1 & imp>t+ an agreeable od\r to ! brea?4 ,x =ms a con/itu5t ( ! ,d9n] ,pills4 ,see ,aloes4 ,sonn9i tells u t1 9 ,egypt1 ! smoke ( ,ma/i* is suppos$ to kill any sick p]son t inhales x4 ,,mel4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,honey4 ,?is well kn[n sub/ance appe>s to be m]ely collect$ f ! fl[]s1 & n elaborat$ by ! int]nal economy ( ! insect2 :5 prop]ly dilut$ x und]goes v9\s f]m5tation1 ! product ( :i* is ! bev]age well kn[n by ! "n ( ,mead4 ,! ,engli% honey is m waxy ?an t f ! s\? ( ,europe4 ,virg9 honey is t wr\ght by "y bees :i* h nev] sw>m$1 & p]mitt$ to run f ! comb )\t heat or pressure4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,sug>1 mucilage1 wax1 an acid1 & occasionally "s ess5tial oil4 ,cl>ifi$ ,honey1 7,mel ,despumatum4 ,l4,d47 has n ! agreeable smell ( crude honey2 x does n h[ev] f]m5t s readily1 nor is x s apt to gripe4 ,,uses4 ,x is pr9cipally employ$ = =m+ sev]al (fic9al prep>ations1 i4 e4 ,mellita1 viz4 ,mel ,boracis4 ,l4 ,mel ,ros4 ,l4,d4 ,oxymel4 ,l4,d4 ,oxymel ,col*ici4 ,e4 ,oxymel ,scill4 ,l4,d4#efb ,sir ,john ,pr+le consid]$ x z useful 9 nephritic disord]s2 x possesses also a laxative prop]ty1 :i* r5d]s x on _m occasions pref]able to ,syrup4 ,,adult]ations4 ,fl\r may be detect$ by diffus+ ! honey 9 tepid wat]1 by :i* x w be sep>at$1 &1 by subsequ5t boil+1 conv]t$ into a ?ick pa/e4 ,,melia ,,az$>a*4 ,,pride ,,( ,,*9a4 ,cortex radicis4 ,?is plant is a native ( ! ,ea/ ,indies1 f :5ce x 0 introduc$ into ,europe & ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,! "p us$ 9 m$ic9e is ! b>k ( ! root4 ,x is a p[]ful an!lm9tic1 & affects ! sy/em 9 a way v simil> to ! ,spigelia ,m>yl&ica1 produc+ n unfrequ5tly confusion ( ! head1 /upor1 trembl+ ( ! h&s1 c4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly ! case if x be us$ 9 ! mon?s ( ,m>* & ,april1 :5 ! sap rises 9 ! tree4 ,x is *iefly aga9/ ! r\nd worm t ! ,melia has be5 f\nd successful1 ?\gh 9 "s cases x has prov$ effectual also aga9/ ! ,tnia4 ,x is g5]ally giv5 9 ! =m ( decoction3 to prep>e ?is1 iij or iv ( ! b>k ( ! fre% root are put into a qu>t ( wat] & boil$ d[n to a p9t1 ( :i* ss to j may be giv5 e two or ?ree h\rs till x op]ates4 ,adm9i/]$ 9 ?is way1 x frequ5tly causes bo? purg+ & vomit+4 ,,m5?a ,,pip]ita4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,,m5?a ,,pip]itis4 ,d4 ,pepp]m9t4#efc ,all ! qualities ( ?is plant dep5d ^u an ess5tial oil & camphor2 x readily & /rongly impregnates ei!r wat] or _s1 by infusion2 its infusion1 & ! wat] di/ill$ f ! plant1 are c>m9ative & antispasmodic2 !y also s]ve z vehicles = o!r m$ic9es1 to correct _! op]ation1 or to disguise _! flav\r4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,aq4 ,m5?4 ,pip]it4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,spir4 ,m5?4 ,pip4 ,l4,d4 ,ol4 ,m5?4 ,pip4 ,l4,d4 ,if ?is plant be cut 9 wet wea!r1 x turns black1 & is wor?less4 ,,m5?a ,,viridis4 ,l4 ,,m5?a ,,sativa4 ,d4 ,spe>m9t4 ,cold wat] extracts ! m agreeable & active p>ts ( m9t 9 a few h\rs2 a long] mac]ation extracts ! gross] & less agreeable portions2 hot wat] m quickly extracts its virtues1 b if x be boil+ x dissipates ! aroma4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,aq4 ,m5?4 virid4 ,l4,d4 ,infus4 ,m5?4 comp4 ,d4 ,ol4 ,m5?4 virid4 ,l4 ,d4 ,spir4 ,m5?4 virid4 ,l4 ,,mez]ei ,,cortex4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,daphne ,mez]eum4 ,radicis ,cortex47 ,mez]eon4 ,! inn] b>k ( ?is plant1 :5 fre%1 is corrosive & ev5 vesicatory2 ! fruit is equally s1 b nei!r h any smell2 its virul5ce is c\nt]act$ by camphor4 ,x conta9s1 besides extractive matt]1 an acrid res9\s sub/ance1 :i*1 accord+ to ,plaff1 be>s a /rong resemblance to ! active pr9ciple ( ,can?>ides4 ,x is n[ seldom us$ except z an antiv5]eal rem$y1 or 9 cases ( *ronic cutane\s disease4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,9 a decoction1 made by boil+ ss ( ! b>k1 ) an equal quantity ( ,liquorice root1 9 oiij ( wat] d[n to oij2 ( :i* fss may be giv5 twice a day4 ,f its pung5cy x is "o ( ! sub/ances us$ by fraudul5t brew]s to communicate a /rong flav\r to _! be]4 ,:]e a dis*>ge f issues _c be kept up by ! common means1 x is said t ! introduction ( a little ( ?is b>k1 in/ead ( ! pea1 w 9 a few h\rs produce ! desir$ effect4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,decoct4 ,s>sap>ill4 comp4 ,l4 ,decoct4 ,daphnes4 ,mez]ei4 ,e4 ,! ,daphne ,laureola is v g5]ally sold = ,mez]eon4 ,,mi/ur4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,mixtures4 ,! pr9ciples ^u :i* ?is =m ( prep>ation is to be con/ruct$1 are fully detail$ 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is "w1 page #aii4 ,(fic9al ,mixtures4 ,,mi/ura ,,ammoniaci4 ,l4 ,?is mixture is expectorant1 & may be exhibit$ ) t9cture ( squills1 c4 7,=m4 #aae1 #acf47 ,x is slightly curdl$ by v9eg>1 oxymel1 !r1 & oxy-muriate ( m]cury4 ,,mi/ura ,,amygdal>um4 ,l4 ,emulsio ,amygdali communis4 ,e4 ,lac ,amygdal4 ,d4 ,x is a useful demulc5t & dilu5t1 & =ms an elegant vehicle = m active m$ic9es4 ,incompatibles--,acids1 ,oxymel1 ,syrup ( ,squill1 ,_s1 & ,t9ctures1 unless add$ 9 v small quantities1 decompose ?is mixture2 t>t>ic acid1 sup]-t>trate ( potass1 & oxy-muriate ( m]cury1 also di/urb x4 ,=m4 #acg4 ,,mi/ura ,,assaf,,tid4 ,l4 ,a nause\s prep>ation2 & :]e its use is indicat$1 x w be m judici\s to prescribe x z an extemporane\s mixture4 ,see ,assaftida4 ,,mi/ura ,,camphor4 ,l4 ,?is solution ( camphor =ms an elegant vehicle = m active /imulants4 ,! camphor is sep>at$ f ! wat] by a solution ( pure potass1 by sulphate ( magnesia1 & by sev]al sal9e bodies4 ,see ,=m4 #g1 #bd1 #be1 #cb1 #dg1 #gb1 #aaf1 #aag1 #abc4 ,,mi/ura ,,cornu ,,u/i4 ,l4 ,decoctum ,cornu ,c]v9i4 ,d4 ,?is is no?+ m ?an a simple diffusion ( phosphate ( lime 9 a ?9 mucilage--,cui bono8 ,x 0 reta9$ 9 ! ,ph>macopia 9 def]5ce to ! op9ion ( "s exp]i5c$ practition]s4 ,,mi/ura ,,cret4 ,l4,d4 ,a common & useful rem$y 9 di>rha1 & may be comb9$ ) opium1 cate*u1 or any o!r a/r+5t4 ,=m4 #eb4 ,x is ( c\rse incompatible ) acids1 & acidul\s salts4 ,,mi/ura ,,f]ri ,,composita4 ,l4 ,?is is ne>ly ! same z ! celebrat$ anti-hectic mixture ( ,dr4 ,griffi?2 to ! result ( ! decompositions :i* take place f ! mixture ( its +r$i5ts1 x is :olly indebt$ = its m$ic9al en]gies2 ?us1 a proto-c>bonate ( iron is =m$1 i4 e4 ! iron comb9$ ) c>bonic acid is at its m9imum ( oxidation1 :i* r5d]s x m active ?an ! common c>bonate1 & probably less /imulant ?an ! sulphate2 ?is product1 by means ( ! saponace\s comp\nd =m$ by ! union ( ! myrrh ) ! excess ( alkali1 is p>tly diffus$ & susp5d$ 9 ! mixture1 & p>tly dissolv$1 :il/ at ! same "t a sulphate ( potass is =m$1 :i* s]ves to correct ! a/r+5t influ5ce :i* iron is apt to ex]t ^u ! b[els4 ,! iron 9 ?is prep>ation is dispos$ to comb9e ) an additional proportion ( oxyg51 h5ce its +r$i5ts %\ld be quickly mix$ toge!r1 & x ought to be consid]$ z an extemporane\s prep>ation1 & be pres]v$ 9 a closely-/opt vessel4 ,its *ange ( col\r w g5]ally indicate its loss ( efficacy4 ,?is prep>ation mu/ be reg>d$ z p]man5tly s]viceable 9 ,*lorosis1 & ! num]\s sympa!tic affections connect$ ) x4 ,9 ! pa9ful swell+s :i* infe/ ! brea/s ( *lorotic "y wom51 ,i h f\nd x almo/ a specific4 ,,dose1 fj-fij4 ,! proportion ( ,proto-c>bonate ( iron1 conta9$ 9 any giv5 quantity ( ?is mixture1 may be f\nd by ref]r+ to ! ,m$ic9al ,dynamet]2 = in/ance1 br+ ! prep>ation to #ab1 & we %all p]ceive t ?is numb] ( fluid-dra*ms conta9 #a gra9 ( ,protoxide1 or r m ?an gr4 iss ( ,proto-c>bonate ( iron2 & we %all1 at ! same "t1 p]ceive t to give an equival5t quantity 9 ! =m ( ,pil4 ,f]ri comp4 we mu/ prescribe j4 ,see ,=m4 #if4 ,,mi/ura ,,mos*i4 ,?is is an eligible =m = ! adm9i/ration ( ,musk4 ,dose1 fj-fij1 to :i* may be add$ extemporane\sly1 ammonia1 !r1 & o!r diffusible /imulants4 ,! ,dose ( ! above mixtures is fj-to fij twice or ?rice a day4 ,,mos*us4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,musk4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 gra9s concret$ toge!r1 dry1 yet slightly unctu\s4 ,col\r1 deep br[n ) a %ade ( r$2 ,od\r1 aromatic1 peculi>1 diffusive1 & durable2 & x has ! curi\s prop]ty1 :5 add$ 9 a m9ute quantity1 to augm5t ! od\r ( o!r p]fumes )\t imp>t+ its own2 ?is r5d]s x a valuable article 9 p]fum]y1 on :i* acc\nt x is a usual +r$i5t 9 lav5d] wat]4 ,ta/e1 bitt]i% & heavy4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,res9 comb9$ ) volatile oil1 & a mucilag9\s extractive matt]1 ) small portions ( album51 gelat9e1 muriate ( ammonia1 & phosphate ( soda4 ,,solubility4 ,boil+ wat] dissolves x p]fectly2 rectifi$ _s takes up mo/ ( its active p>ts1 al?\gh ! od\r is only discov]$ ^u dilution2 sulphuric !r is its mo/ complete m5/ruum4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,! solutions are decompos$ by ,oxy-muriate ( ,m]cury2 ,sulphate ( ,iron2 ,nitrate ( ,silv]2 & ! ,infusion ( ,yell[ ,b>k4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,/imulant & antispasmodic4 ,z e>ly z ! "t ( ,meade x 0 employ$ 9 typhus fev]2 ,pr+le adm9i/]$ x 9 g\t ( ! /oma*1 a practice :i* receiv$ ! concurr5ce ( ,cull52 conjo9$ ) ammonia x has be5 celebrat$ = its p[]s 9 arre/+ ! progress ( gangr5e1 & ( imp>t+ fre% excitem5t to ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,x has be5 also adm9i/]$ ) success 9 epilepsy1 hoop+ c\gh1 & o!r spasmodic affections4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,! be/ =m is t ( bolus1 comb9$ ) ammonia or camphor1 or "s o!r simil> rem$y1 7,=m4 #ba72 x may be also adm9i/]$ 9 a mixture1 = :i* purpose x requires five times its weight ( mucilage1 consequ5tly ! ,london ,college has n direct$ a suffici5t quantity to reta9 ! musk 9 susp5sion3 by previ\sly triturat+ x ) sug>1 its m9ute division is mu* facilitat$4 ,,dose1 grs4 x to xxx4 ,see ,=m4 #bb1 #cj4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,mi/4 ,mos*4 ,l4 ,t9ct4 ,mos*4 ,d4 ,,adult]ations4 ,! bag conta9+ ! musk %\ld h no appe>ance ( hav+ be5 op5$3 ! pres5ce ( dri$ blood may be suspect$1 by its emitt+1 z x inflames1 a fetid smoke2 ,asphaltum is discov]$ by its melt+ & runn+ be=e x inflames3 ! artificial bags are kn[n f ! defici5cy ( ! membrane :i* l9es ! real musk bags4 ,to increase ! weight ( ! musk1 f9e p>ticles ( lead are frequ5tly add$2 ?is is easily detect$1 = by rubb+ x ) wat] ! metallic p>ticles w subside4 ,,mos*us ,,factitius4 ,artificial ,musk1 /rongly resembl+ ! real1 may be =m$ by dige/+ fss ( ,nitric ,acid1 = t5 days1 ^u j ( fetid animal oil1 obta9$ by di/illation2 to ?is is to be next gradually add$ oj ( rectifi$ _s1 & ! :ole is !n to be left to dige/ = "o mon?3 or-- #b4 ,drop fiiiss ( nitric acid ^u fj ( rectifi$ oil ( amb]2 aft] /&+ tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 a black1 res9\s pellicle1 exhal+ ! od\r ( musk1 w be =m$4 ,,mucilago ,,acaci4 ,l4,e4 ,,mucilago ,,gummi ,,arabici4 ,d4 ,?is prep>ation consi/s ( "o "p ( gum & two ( wat]2 9 prep>+ x1 ! disp5s] is p>ticul>ly recomm5d$ to pulv]ize ! gum1 & nev] to employ t :i* is pur*as$ 9 ! /ate ( p[d]1 z x is always impure & incapable ( =m+ a pellucid & elegant solution4#efd ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,nei!r ! /rong acids nor alcohol1 :5 consid]ably dilut$1 occasion any di/urbance 9 x2 b sulphuric !r & its comp\nd _s1 ! t9cture ( muriat$ iron1 & sub-acetate ( lead1 produce v d5se precipitates3 ! acetate ( lead only occasions decomposition1 :5 an alkal9e salt is pres5t 9 ! =mula2 ! volatile alkali curdles ! mucilage1 & h>d calc>e\s wat]s r5d] ! mixture difficult & (t5 impracticable4 ,9 ! ph>maceutical application ( ?is mucilage1 x %\ld be rememb]$ t x conta9s 9 its composition an a/r+5t pr9ciple1 :i* is p]haps ( b trifl+ consequ5ce except 9 ! exhibition ( "s v few active metallic salts1 :i* are c]ta9ly decompos$ by x 7e4 g4 grs4 x ( nitrate ( m]cury are decompos$ by ij ( gum arabic4#efe7 ,x conta9s also lime 9 comb9ation ) "s vegetable acid4 ,,uses4 ,dilut$ ) f\r times its bulk ( wat]1 ?is mucilage =ms a demulc5t mixture ( appropriate t5acity1 :i* af=ds a conv5i5t vehicle = sev]al effici5t rem$ies2 ! ph>maceutical use ( ?is mucilage dep5ds ^u ! fact ( its r5d]+ express$ & ess5tial oils1 balsams1 res9s1 gum-res9s1 res9\s t9ctures1 & fatty bodies1 miscible ) wat]1 b if a syrup be add$1 ! union w be m p]fect2 ! proportions necess>y = ?is purpose v>y accord+ to ! nature ( ! sub/ances2 ?us1 oils w require ab\t ?ree-f\r?s _! weight1 ,balsams & ,sp]maceti an equal "p1 ,res9s a d\ble quantity1 & ,musk five times its weight2 ! foll[+ ,=mul illu/rate ?is prop]ty1 #i1 #ai1 #bb1 #ace4 ,,mucilago ,,amyli4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,mucilage ( ,/>*4 ,?is is a /rong1 insipid1 inodor\s mucilage1 :i* is pr9cipally employ$ z a vehicle = exhibit+ ,opium 9 ! =m ( ,enema1 see ,amylum4 ,,mucilago ,,a/ragali ,,tragacan?4 ,e4,d4 ,tragacan? ,mucilage4 ,tragacan? is1 /rictly speak+1 n soluble 9 wat]1 b imbibes a l>ge portion ( x & swells into a consid]able bulk1 =m+ a s(t b n a liquid mucilage2 on ! f>!r addition ( wat]1 a fluid solution may be obta9$ by agitation1 & ! liquor is turbid2 b on /&+1 ! mucilage subsides1 ! limpid wat] on ! surface reta9+ a little ( ! gum2#eff x diff]s f all gums 9 giv+ a ?ick consi/5ce to a l>g] quantity ( wat]1 its p[] 9 ?is respect be+ to t ( gum arabic z tw5ty to "o2 "o "p conv]ts tw5ty ( hot wat] into a /iff mucilage4 ,tragacan? is n increas$1 b actually dim9i%$ 9 solubility by ! addition ( any o!r gum1 x accord+ly sep>ates f wat] ) mu* great] facility :5 gum arabic is pres5t4 ,?is prep>ation1 accord+ to ! ,ed9burgh college1 consi/s ( "o "p ( gum & eight ( wat]2 ! result+ mucilage is /iff1 & is pr9cipally employ$ = mak+ tro*es4 ,! ,dubl9 prep>ation conta9s f\r times t quantity ( wat]4 ,,myri/ic ,,nuclei4 ,l4,e4 ,nux ,mos*ata4 ,d4 ,nutmeg4 ,all ! prop]ties ( ?is well-kn[n sub/ance dep5d ^u an ess5tial oil1 fill+ ! d>k col\r$ ve9s :i* run ?r\gh its sub/ance1 ! o!r compon5ts are />*1 gum1 wax1 & a fix$ oil4 ,! oil obta9$ by expression is improp]ly call$ oil ( mace1 = x w\ld appe> to be a triple comp\nd ( fix$ oil1 volatile oil1 & wax1 & :i*1 al?\gh limpid :5 fir/ drawn1 soon acquires on cool+ ! consi/5ce ( sp]maceti4 ,mace is ! involucrum ( ! nut4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,/imulant1 & 9 l>ge doses1 z f ij to iij1 n>cotic1 frequ5tly produc+ delirium4 ,see ,cull5 ,mat4 ,m$4 ii4 #bja4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep3 ,spir3 ,myri/ic4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,,frauds4 ,nutmegs are frequ5tly despoil$ ( _! ess5tial oil1 by be+ punctur$ & submitt$ to ! op]ation ( decoction1 ! orifices be+ subsequ5tly clos$ by p[d]$ ,sassafras2 ! imposition is detect$ by ! comp>ative lightness ( ! nutmeg1 & by its extreme fragility2 ! holes may also be discov]$ by c>efully exam9+ ! surface ( ! nut1 aft] hav+ /eep$ x 9 hot wat]4 ,,myrrha4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,arboris nondum descript1 ,gummi-res9a47 ,myrrh4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 irregul>ly %ap$ pieces1 transluc5t1 ( a r$di% yell[ col\r2 ,od\r1 peculi> & fragrant2 ,ta/e1 bitt] & aromatic4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,res91 gum1 ess5tial oil1 & "s extractive4 ,,solubility4 ,:5 triturat$ ) s(t1 or di/ill$ wat]1 ne>ly ! :ole appe>s to be dissolv$1 =m+ an opaque1 yell[i% solution1 b by re/ ! great] "p is deposit$1 & n m ?an "o-?ird is actually dissolv$2 its solubility1 h[ev]1 9 wat] may be increas$ by trituration ) camphor or an alkali2 rectifi$ _s dissolves x1 & ! result+ t9cture1 :5 dilut$1 becomes turbid1 al?\gh no precipitate occurs4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,/imulant1 z 9 ,=m4 #ajc4 ,expectorant1 #acb1 #acc1 #ach4 ,emm5agogue1 #ie1 #ih1 #ii4 ,x is also tonic1 & agrees ) "s con/itutions bett] ?an any ( ! bitt]s4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,no =m is s eligible z t ( sub/ance4 ,,dose1 grs4 x to j4 ,! alkalies1 9 _! cry/all9e /ate1 :5 triturat$ ) myrrh1 r$uce x to ! =m ( a t5aci\s fluid4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,t9ct4 ,myrrh4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,t9ct4 ,aloes et ,myrrh4 ,e4 ,t9ct4 ,alos !rea4 ,e4 ,mi/4 ,f]ri comp4 ,l4 7,g ,l7 ,pil4 ,aloes cum ,myrrha4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,pil4 ,f]ri cum ,myrrha4 ,l4 ,pil4 ,galb4 comp4 ,l4,d4 7,b7 ,pil4 ,assaftid4 comp4 ,e4 7,b7 ,pil4 ,rhei1 comp4 ,e4 7,g7 ,,adult]ations4 ,x is subject to a v>iety ( frauds1 be+ frequ5tly mix$ ) adv5titi\s gums1 :i* are to be detect$ by _! =eign od\r1 _! :ite or d>k col\r1 & by _! opacity4 ,,nux ,,vomica4 7,/ry*nus ,nux ,vomica47 ,nux ,vomica4 ,?is se$ has n at pres5t a place 9 ! ,briti% ph>macopi2 x pres5ts h[ev] sev]al po9ts ( int]e/ to ! physiologi/1 ! physician1 & ! *emi/4 ,its virul5t action ^u animals has be5 long kn[n2 & x has be5 adm9i/]$ 9 comb9ation ) g5tian 9 int]mitt5ts4#efg 7,ludovic4 ,ph>4 p4 #aac17 & z a n>cotic 9 mania2 x also con/itut$ an +r$i5t 9 ! fam\s ,electu>ium de ovo1 7,ph4 ,angl4 p4 #bfc47 ,nux vomica has be5 said to produce b5efit 9 ! plague2 ! ,g]man writ]s h /rongly comm5d$ x 9 mania1 epilepsy1 & hydrophobia2 z well z 9 *ronic rheumatism1 g\t1 scrophula1 lues v5]a1 & cutane\s eruptions2 9 ,sw$5 x is /at$ to h display$ v b5eficial effects 9 ,dys5t]y4 ,dr4 ,f\rqui] has lately introduc$ its use 9 ! ,hopital de la ,*>it1 9 cases ( p>tial p>alysis1 & x is said1 ) v great success4#efh ,! value ( ! practice has be5 s9ce confirm$ by ! exp]im5ts ( ,dum]il1 ,maj5die1 ,hebre>d1 ,husson1 & ,assel94 ,! dose is f\r or five gra9s ( ! p[d] 9 pills1 dur+ ! day4 ,! ,fr5* codex conta9s two alcoholic extracts ( ?is sub/ance2 ! "o prep>$ ) a /rong _s 7#bb1 #cb1 ,beaum1 i4 e4 f sp4 gr4 #iae to #hef17 is mu* m active & p[]ful ?an t made ) a weak _s4 7#ab1 #bb1 ,beaum1 i4 e4 f sp4 gr4 #ihe to #iae47 ,m4 ,m4 ,pelleti] & ,cav5t\ h discov]$ 9 ?is sub/ance1 a peculi> proximate pr9ciple1 to :i* its virul5ce is ow+2 x 0 nam$ ,vauquel9e1 9 hon\r ( ! celebrat$ ,fr5* philosoph]1 b 9 def]5ce to ! op9ion ( ! ,fr5* ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 ! discov]]s h sub/itut$ ! "n ,/ry*nia1 because 8a "n de>ly lov$1 ought n to be appli$ to a noxi\s pr9ciple60#efi 7,annales de ,*imie1 vol4 #h to #aj47 ,/ry*nia is highly alkal9e1 & cry/allizes 9 v small f\r-sid$ prisms1 t]m9at$ by f\r-sid$ pyramids2 its ta/e is insupportably bitt]1 leav+ a slight metallic flav\r1 & is s p[]ful z ev5 to be p]ceptible :5 a gra9 is dissolv$ 9 eighty p\nds ( wat]2#egj x has no smell2 is n *ang$ by exposure to ! air1 nor is x ei!r fusible or volatile1 = :5 submitt$ to ! action ( heat1 x only fuses at ! mom5t ( its decomposition :i* takes place at a temp]ature inf]ior to t :i* de/roys mo/ vegetable sub/ances2 x is s extremely active & viol5t1 t 9 doses ( half a gra9 x occasions s]i\s effects1 & 9 l>g] ones convulsions & dea?2 x is p]haps ! mo/ p[]ful1#ega & next to hydro-cyanic acid1 ! mo/ rapid ( poisons2 not)/&+ its /rong ta/e1 x is v sp>+ly soluble 9 wat]1 requir+ #fffg p>ts ( t fluid = its solution at #ej1 & #bejj at #bab4 ,x is v soluble 9 alcohol1 b unlike mo/ ( ! o!r vegetable alkalies1 is ne>ly insoluble 9 !r2 ) acids x =ms neutral & cry/allizable salts2 ^! salts z well z _! base1 h ! s+ul> prop]ty ( becom+ bloodr$ by ! action ( conc5trat$ nitric acid4 ,! alcoholic solution ( ,/ry*nia has ! prop]ty ( precipitat+ ! great] numb] ( metallic oxides f _! acid solutions4 ,x is precipitat$ by alkalies & alkal9e e>?s4 ,/ry*nia exi/s 9 native comb9ation 9 ! ,/ry*nus ) an acid :i* has "s analogy ) ! malic1 & :i* ,pelleti] & ,cav5t\ propose to call ! ,igasuric acid1 f ! ,malay "n = ! bean ( ,/4 ,ignatius1#egb 7,/ry*nus ,ignatius17 9 :i* its prop]ties 7 fir/ exam9$4 ,9 con=mity ) su* views1 ! active pr9ciple ( ! tribe ( ,/ry*ni is an ,igasurate ( ,/ry*nia2--a fact :i* sugge/s ! exi/5ce ( a mo/ s+ul> & /rik+ analogy betwe5 ! *emical con/itution ( ^! n>cotico-acrid bodies#egc & t ( opium4 ,! rec5t exp]im5ts ( ,pelleti] h %ewn1 moreov]1 t besides ,/ry*nia1 ! ,nux ,vomica conta9s ,brucia1 an alkal9e body :i* _h be5 previ\sly discov]$ 9 spuri\s ,angu/ura4 ,its prop]ties are simil> to ^? ( ,/ry*nia1 b x is less active4 ,be+ mu* m soluble 9 alcohol ?an ,/ry*nia1 if c>e be tak5 to cry/allize ! latt] sev]al times 9 alcohol1 x w be sep>at$1 ! ,brucia rema9+ 9 ! "m wat]s4 ,/ry*nia has be5 giv5 9 doses ( "o-twelf? ( a gra91 b x is a mo/ dang]\s rem$y1 & is liable to occasion tetanic convulsions4#egd ,x has be5 said1 h[ev]1 to prove s]viceable 9 cases ( ,epilepsy t _h resi/$ e o!r me?od ( cure4 ,dr4 ,flem+ in=ms u t ! ,h9doos ( upp] ,india are 9 ! habit ( add+ ,nux ,vomica 9 ! process ( di/ill+ ,arrack1 = ! purpose ( r5d]+ ! _s m intoxicat+4 ,! ,london ,port] brew]s h be5 accus$ ( ! same p]nici\s practice4 ,,olea ,,de/illata4 ,l4 ,,ol4 ,,volatilia4 ,e4 ,,ol4 ,,ess5tialia4 ,d4 ,di/ill$1 ,volatile1 or ,ess5tial ,oils4 ,! ,briti% ph>macopi direct !m to be obta9$ by di/illation only2 ! ,fr5* codex ord]s sev]al ( !m to be prep>$ by expression4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 liquid1 sometimes viscid2 specific grav4 v>i\s2 oil ( turp5t9e1 :i* is ! lighte/1 be+ only #jgib1 :il/ ! oil ( cloves1 c9namon1 & allspice1 exce$ #ajcj1 & t ( sassafras1 :i* is ! heavie/1 am\nts to #ajid2 ^! latt] oils hold res9 9 solution1 & ( c\rse s9k 9 wat]4 ,od\r1 p5etrat+ & fragrant2 ,ta/e1 acrid2 !y are volatiliz$ at a temp]ature some:at bel[ t ( boil+ wat]2 !y are v inflammable4 ,,solubility4 ,v soluble 9 alcohol1 =m+ :at are t]m$ 9 p]fum]y ,ess5ces2 9 wat] !y are v sp>+ly soluble2 ! solutions are kn[n 9 ph>macy "u ! title ( di/ill$ wat]s2 !y are also dissolv$ by !r1 & ! fix$ oils2 :5 dige/$ ) ammonia1 "s ( ! less odor\s acquire a consid]able degree ( fragrance1 :il/ on ! contr>y1 fix$ alkalies univ]sally impair _! od\r2 !y are rapidly decompos$ by nitric & sulphuric acids1 & _! action is sometimes att5d$ ) in/ant inflammation4 ,volatile oils1 f cont9u$ exposure to ! air1 absorb oxyg51 & become res9\s1 by :i* !y lose _! volatility1 fragrance1 & pung5cy1 h5ce !y %\ld be pres]v$ 9 small opaque phials1 completely full & well /opp$4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,!y act z p[]ful /imulants & aromatics2 !y remove nausea & flatul5ce1 correct ! grip+ ( c]ta9 purgatives1 & cov] ! (f5sive ta/e ( v>i\s rem$ies4 ,see ,aqu de/illat4 ,!y1 moreov]1 h ! prop]ty ( def5d+ c]ta9 animal & vegetable prep>ations f m\ld9ess4 ,?is curi\s fact has be5 already notic$1 see page #agg4 ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( ! species admitt$ into our ,briti% ph>macopi2 ^? designat$ 9 italics are pr9cipally = int]nal use4 ,,olea ,anisi1 ,an!midis1 ,c>ui1 ,junip]i4 ,lav&ul1 ,m5? ,pip]it1 ,m5? viridis1 ,origani1 ,pim5t1 ,pulegii1 ,rosm>9i1 ,l4 ,,olea ,,volatilia1 ,junip]i communis1 ,junip]i ,sab91 ,lav&ul ,spic1 ,lauri ,sassafras1 ,m5? ,pip]it1 ,myrt ,pim5t1 ,pimp9ell ,anisi1 ,rorism>9i ,(fic9alis4 ,e4 ,,olea ,junip]i1 ,pim5to1 ,corticis et ,ligni ,sassafras1 e ,sem9ibus ,anisi1 ,c>ui1 ,fniculi dulcis1 ,florum ,lav5dul1 ,foliorum ,sab91 ,h]b floresc5tis ,m5? ,sativ1 ,origani1 ,pulegii1 ,rorism>9i1 ,rut1 ,d4 ,,adult]ations4 ,fix$ ,oils may be detect$ by moi/5+ writ+ pap] ) ! suspect$ article & hold+ x be=e ! fire3 if ! oil be entirely ess5tial1 no /a9 ( grease w rema92 z ca/or oil is m soluble 9 _s ?an ! o!rs1 x is ! "o g5]ally select$ = ?is fraudul5t purpose1 & ! addition ( alcohol re/ores ! sophi/icat$ oil to its prop] degree ( consi/5cy4 ,alcohol is discov]$ by add+ wat]1 :i*1 if x be pres5t1 occasions a milk9ess1 & at ! same "t1 an increase ( temp]ature2 a decrease ( bulk also takes place1 :i* may easily be asc]ta9$ by measur+ ! oil & wat] sep>ately1 & !n transf]r+ !m1 9 a /ate ( mixture1 into a tube ( small diamet]4 ,*eap] oils1 z t ( turp5t9e1 are recognis$ by _! peculi> od\r1 :i* may be develop$ by rubb+ a drop ^u ! h& & hold+ x to ! fire1 or1 by ! d5se black smoke ) :i* !y burn4 ,! oil ( anise$1 z x cry/allizes at #ej1 is frequ5tly sophi/icat$ ) wax1 sp]maceti1 or camphor2 ! fraud is detect$ by w>m+ ! oil1 :5 ! cry/als1 if g5u9e1 w dissolve4#ege ,9 "s cases ! refractive p[] ( ! oil af=ds a te/ ( its purity4 ,see my "w on ,*emi/ry 9 its relations to ,m$ic9e1 #cah4 ,,olea ,,expressa4 ,l4,d4 ,,olea ,,fixa1 ,,sive ,,expressa4 ,e4 ,express$ or ,fix$ ,oils4 ,^! are obta9$ f animal matt] by fusion1 & f vegetable by expression1 or decoction ) wat]4 ,,qualities4 ,od\r1 none2 ,ta/e1 mild2 !y boil at #fjj1 b und]go decomposition1 becom+ acrid & empyreumatic2 ! oil1 9 ?is /ate1 0 =m]ly us$ 9 m$ic9e "u ! "n ( philosoph]'s oil4#egf ,by exposure to air !y absorb oxyg5 & become rancid2 !y congeal at a temp]ature ( #cb1 & "s ev5 above t4 ,:5 ! oil is express$ by heat+ ! plates ( ! press1 or by previ\sly roa/+ ! se$s1 x is m dispos$ to become rancid2 cold drawn oils are on ?is acc\nt to be pref]r$ = ! purposes ( ph>macy4 ,,solubility4 ,!y are insoluble 9 wat]1 &1 except ca/or oil1 ne>ly s 9 alcohol & !r2 ) cau/ic alkalies !y comb9e & =m soaps2 :5 aid$ by heat !y readily unite ) oxide ( lead1 =m+ ! solid comp\nd well kn[n by ! t]m plai/]4 ,!y unite also v readily ) ea* o!r1 & ) volatile oils4 ,,solv5t ,,p[]s4 ,!y dissolve sulphur1 & =m a k9d ( balsam ) x2 !y also possess ! p[] ( extract+ & dissolv+ ! n>cotic & acrid pr9ciples ( sev]al vegetable & animal sub/ances1 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 ! ,fr5* ph>macopia directs a s]ies ( prep>ations "u ! t]m 8,olea ,m$icata20 ?us !re are olea ,cicut1 ,hyoscyami1 ,solani1 ,/ramonii1 ,nicotian2#egg :i* are made by dige/+ ) a g5tle heat1 "o "p ( ! subject 9 two p>ts ( olive oil4#egh ,,oleum ,,amygdal>um4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,oil ( ,almonds4 ,?is fix$ oil1 :e!r procur$ f ! sweet or bitt] almond1 has ! same prop]ties1 = ! bitt] pr9ciple resides exclusively 9 comb9ation ) a peculi> volatile oil atta*$ to ! mucilage2#egi t f ! latt] keeps long] )\t rancidity4 ,x is sometimes made f old ,jordan almonds1 by heat1 9 :i* case x v soon gr[s fetid4 ,nut oil1 ,oleum nucum ,coryli1 has be5 propos$ z a sub/itute = t ( almonds2 9 ,*9a x is drunk ) tea1 in/ead ( cream4 ,,m$ical ,,uses4 ,= =m+ emulsions1 9 c\ghs1 & o!r pulmon>y compla9ts4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,x may be =m$ into an emulsion by ! int]m$ium ( mucilage1 ! yelk ( an egg1 or by t ( an alkali4 #a4 ,,by ,,mucilage4 ,?is is 9 g5]al a m conv5i5t m$ium ?an ! yelk ( an egg2 "o "p ( gum1 made into mucilage1 w be suffici5t = ! diffusion ( f\r p>ts ( oil1 7see ,mucilago ,acaci7 ! oil & mucilage mu/ be c>efully triturat$ toge!r1 & ! wat] !n gradually add$2 ! emulsion ?us =m$ is p]man5t1 & ! addition ( a mod]ate quantity ( acid1 _s1 or t9cture1 w n produce decomposition4 ,see ,=m4 #gc4 #b4 ,,by ,,alkalies4 ,?is oil1 by unit+ ) alkalies & wat]1 =ms an elegant & grateful mixture1 = :i* purpose ! foll[+ proportions are to be obs]v$1 e fj ( oil requires viij ( liquor potass1 & fiss ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,acids2 oxymel2 syrups ( poppies & squills2 t>trate & sup]-t>trate ( potass2 sup]-sulphate ( potass2 oxy-muriate ( m]cury2 res9s2 h>d wat]4 ,see ,=m4 #aff1 #afg4 ,,oleum ,,amygdal ,,am> ,,volatile4 ,,qualities4 ,col\r1 pale yell[2 ,od\r1 fragrant & pung5t1 hav+ ! *>act]i/ic smell ( prussic acid4 ,ta/e1 pung5t1 bitt]1 & peculi>4 ,,solubility4 ,l o!r ess5tial oils1 its s5sible prop]ties & m$ic9al effects are imp>t$ to wat]2 9 alcohol x is v soluble4#ehj ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,a peculi> oil1 comb9$ ) hydro-cyanic acid4 ,m4 ,vogel ( ,muni* has lately succe$$ 9 sep>at+ ^! con/itu5ts1 by agitat+ ! :ole 9 a conc5trat$ solution ( potass1 & di/ill+ to dryness2 ! oil volatiliz$ toge!r ) wat]1 :ile ! residuum 9 ! retort 0 f\nd to conta9 ,cyanide ( ,potassium4 ,! volatile oil1 ?us purifi$1 is )\t od\r1 & heavi] ?an wat]4 ,its ta/e is extremely acrid & burn+2 by contact ) air x cry/allizes rapidly2 x dissolves easily 9 alcohol & !r1 b only 9 a v small proportion 9 wat]4 ,! flame ( its combu/ion is v brilliant1 & accompani$ ) mu* smoke4 ,9 ord] to discov] :e!r ?is oil1 :5 fre$ f its hydro-cyanic acid1 is /ill poison\s1 ,m4 ,vogel put a drop ( x on ! tongue ( a sp>r[2 :5 x di$1 aft] viol5t convulsions1 9 a few seconds2 he also poison$ a dog1 two mon?s old1 ) f\r drops ( x2 :5ce he concludes t ! volatile oil1 dive/$ ( its hydro-cyanic acid1 is /ill a poison1 al?\gh less en]getic ?an ! oil t has n und]gone su* a *ange4 ,m$3 ,uses4 ,x has all ! *>act]i/ic effects ( prussic acid1 b is s p[]ful & dang]\s z to preclude its application4 ,x is pr9cipally sold to p]fum]s & confection]s4 ,x is g5]ally obta9$ by di/ill+ ! express$ cake ( bitt] almonds2 ! op]ation h[ev] requires consid]able ph>maceutical address1 & is1 moreov]1 att5d$ ) unpleasant consequ5ces4#eha ,,oleum ,,oliv4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,olive ,oil4 ,,qualities4 ,col\r1 pale yell[1 some:at incl9+ to gre52 ,ta/e1 bl&2 ,od\r1 none2 x ought to congeal at #ch ,fah4 ,) ! exception ( ! oil ( ,almonds1 x is ! lighte/ ( ! fat oils1 its specific gravity be+ only #iae4 ,accord+ to ! rec5t obs]vations ( ,dr4 ,cl>ke ( ,cambridge1 ?is oil cry/allizes 9 rectangul> f\r-sid$ prisms ) squ>e bases4 ,,uses4 ,al?\gh mu* less laxative ?an ,ca/or oil1 x is a useful ap]i5t4 ,x 0 long reg>d$1 b errone\sly1 z possess+ antidotal p[]s aga9/ ! bites ( v5em\s snakes & insects2 & x has be5 confid5tly recomm5d$1 9 ! =m ( l9im5t1 z a rem$y aga9/ ! ,plague4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,l9im5tum ,ammoni ,=tius4 ,l4 ,,adult]ations4 ,x is n unfrequ5tly mix$ ) ! oil ( poppy se$s1 7see ,papav]is ,capsul71 a fraud :i* may be easily discov]$ by expos+ a sample to ! freez+ temp]ature1 :5 ! olive oil w congeal1 :ile t ( poppies w rema9 fluid2 & s9ce ^? oils :i* freeze ) mo/ difficulty are mo/ susceptible ( rancidity1 ! admixture ( poppy oil mu/ be reg>d$ z injuri\s3 x also des]ves notice t ! peculi> habitudes ( ,oil ( ,olives1 ) ! ,p]nitrate ( ,m]cury1 (f] a di/+ui%+ "*1 by :i* ! adult]ation ( ! oil may be satisfactorily detect$2 = if ! p]nitrate1 made by dissolv+ #f p>ts ( ! metal 9 #ge ( nitric acid1 ( sp4 grav4 #acf1 at a common temp]ature1 be mix$ ) olive oil1 ! mixture1 if kept cold1 w 9 ! c\rse ( a few h\rs become solid1 :]eas if x has any admixture ( ! oil ( gra9s1 x w n und]go su* a *ange4 ,! contam9ation d]iv$ f lead1 :i* is frequ5tly imm]s$ 9 ! oil = ! purpose ( remov+ its rancidity1 may be detect$ by %ak+ "o "p ( ! suspect$ sample ) ?ree p>ts ( wat]1 impregnat$ ) sulphurett$ hydrog51 9 a /opp$ phial4 ,,olibanum4 ,l4,d4 ,junip]us ,lycia4 ,gummi-res9a4 ,olibanum4#ehb ,,qualities4 ,=m1 fragm5ts ( a transluc5t1 :iti% yell[1 & g5]ally p[d]$ ) a :iti% du/1 occasion$ by ! friction ( ! pieces aga9/ ea* o!r2 ,od\r1 :5 burn+ is fragrant2 ,ta/e1 bitt]i% & acrid4 ,,solubility4 ,:5 triturat$ ) wat]1 a milky solution results1 :i* aft] "s "t deposits ! res9\s "p1 & reta9s n m ?an ?ree-eigh?s dissolv$4 ,alcohol dissolves ?ree-f\r?s ( x1 & =ms a solution p]fectly transp>5t4 !r dissolves m ?an half1 leav+ a :ite opaque residuum soluble 9 wat]4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,! late/ analysis ( ?is sub/ance is by ,braconnot1 :o f\nd 9 #ajj p>ts ( x1 ( volatile oil #h1 res9 #ef1 gum #ci1 & ( an anomal\s pr9ciple resembl+ gum1 b insoluble 9 wat] & alcohol1 #eb p>ts4 ,! oil1 9 col\r & smell1 v /rongly resembl$ t ( lemons4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x is n[ less us$ ?an =m]ly2 x is h[ev] /imulant & diaphoretic4 ,pulv]iz$ x ent]s into sev]al popul> electu>ies = gleets1 fluor albus1 c4 & v probably acts by f9d+ a passage into ! ur9e1 )\t und]go+ any *ange or decomposition4 ,,opium4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,papav] ,somnif]um47 ,capsul>um immatur>um ,succus concretus4 7,turcicus47 ,turkey ,opium4#ehc ,two k9ds are f\nd 9 comm]ce1 di/+ui%$ by ! "n ( ,turkey & ,ea/ ,india ,opium4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 ,turkey opium occurs 9 flat pieces1 ( a solid compact texture1 & possess+ consid]able t5acity2 ,sp4 gr4 #accf1 s t1 :5 comp>$ ) ! cond5s$ juices ( o!r plants1 x is heavy1 be+ exce$$ only 9 ?is respect by opoponax & gum-arabic4 ,by long exposure to ! air x becomes h>d1 breaks ) a glimm]+ fracture1 ow+ to ! pres5ce ( a few sal9e p>ticles1 & af=ds a yell[i% p[d]4 ,x is opaque1 t5aci\s1 pla/ic1 adh]5t to ! f+]s4 ,col\r1 a r$di%-br[n1 or fawn4 ,od\r1 peculi>1 heavy1 & n>cotic4 ,ta/e1 at fir/ a nause\s bitt]1 :i* soon becomes acrid ) "s degree ( w>m?4 ,x is inflammable1 b yields no n>cotic od\r on burn+4 ,,solubility4 ,x is p>tially soluble 9 wat]1 alcohol1 !r1 w9e1 v9eg>1 & lemon juice2 :5 triturat$ ) hot wat]1 five p>ts 9 twelve are dissolv$1 six susp5d$1 & "o "p rema9s p]fectly insoluble & resembles glut54 ,by long boil+1 its soporific p[]s are impair$ & ultimately de/roy$3 ! alcoholic is m highly *>g$ ) its n>cotic pr9ciple ?an ! aque\s solution2 b _s1 r bel[ pro(1 is its be/ m5/ruum4 ,! wat]y solution :5 filt]$ is transp>5t1 & r$d5s ! col\r ( litmus2 x und]goes no *ange on ! addition ( alcohol1 b precipitates occur f pure ammonia & f ! c>bonates ( fix$ alkalies2 f ! solutions ( oxy-muriate ( m]cury1 nitrate ( silv]1 sub-acetate & acetate ( lead1 ! sulphates ( copp]1 z9c1 & iron1 & f an infusion ( galls4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,res91 gum1 bitt] extractive1 sulphate ( lime1 glut51 ,n>cot9e 7see note7 & a peculi> alkal9e body1 to :i* ! soporific virtues ( opium are ow+1 & to :i* ! appropriate "n ( ,morphia has be5 assign$2 & x appe>s moreov] t ?is new alkal9e body exi/s 9 comb9ation ) an unkn[n acid1 :i* has !re=e be5 d5om9at$ ! ,meconic ,acid2 s t ! n>cotic pr9ciple ( opium is ,morphia 9 ! /ate ( a meconiate1 or p]haps ( a sup]-meconiate4 ,= ^! important facts we are indebt$ to ! successive lab\rs ( ,d]osne1#ehd ,segu91#ehe ,s]tu]n]1#ehf & ,robiquet4 ,& ! ,fr5* codex conta9s1 9 its app5dix1 =mul = ! prep>ation ( morphia#ehg accord+ to ! directions ( ^! two latt] *emi/s3 viz4 ,robiquet's process4 ,?ree hundr$ p>ts ( pure opium are to be mac]at$ dur+ five days1 9 "o ?\s& p>ts ( common wat]2 to ! filt]$ solution1 fifte5 p>ts ( p]fectly pure magnesia 7c>efully avoid+ ! c>bonate17 are to be add$2 boil ?is mixture = t5 m9utes1 & sep>ate ! s$im5t by a filt]1 wa%+ x ) cold wat] until ! wat] passes (f cle>2 aft] :i*1 treat x alt]nately ) hot & cold alcohol1 7#ab1 #bb1 ,b47 z long z ! m5/ruum takes up any col\r+ matt]2 ! residue is !n to be treat$ ) boil+ alcohol 7#bb1 #cb1 ,b47 = a few m9utes4 ,! solution1 on cool+1 w deposit cry/als ( ,morphia4 ,rationale ( ! ,process4 ,a soluble ,meconiate ( ,magnesia is =m$1 :il/ ! s$im5t consi/s ( ,morphia 9 ! /ate ( mixture1 ) ! excess ( magnesia2 ! boil+ alcohol ) :i* ?is residuum is treat$1 ex]ts no action ^u ! magnesia1 b dissolves ! ,morphia1 & on cool+ surr5d]s x 9 a cry/all9e =m4 ,a repetition ( ! treatm5t ) boil+ alcohol w procure a fre% crop ( cry/als1 & ! process %\ld be cont9u$ until !y cease to appe>4 ,s]tu]n]'s me?od4 ,x diff]s f ! prec$+1 9 sub/itut+ ammonia = magnesia1 & 9 add+ to ! s$im5t1 sep>at$ z be=e m5tion$1 z mu* sulphuric acid z is suffici5t to conv]t ! ,morphia into a sulphate1 :i* is subsequ5tly decompos$ by a f>!r addition ( ammonia2 ! precipitate ?us produc$ is !n dissolv$ 9 boil+ alcohol1 :i* on cool+ surr5d]s ! ,morphia 9 a /ate ( cry/all9e purity4 ,x appe>s h[ev] t ! ,morphia produc$ by ?is latt] me?od1 is less abundant & m impure & col\r$1 ?an t :i* is furni%$ by ! process ( ,robiquet4 ,*>act]s ( ,morphia4 ,:5 pure1 x cry/allizes 9 v f9e1 transp>5t1 truncat$ pyramids1 ! bases ( :i* are ei!r squ>es or rectangles1 occasionally unit$ base to base1 & !reby =m+ octoh$ra4 ,x is sp>+ly soluble 9 boil+ wat]1 b dissolves abundantly 9 heat$ alcohol2 & ! solution is int5sely bitt]2 9 !r x is f> less soluble4 ,x has all ! *>act]s ( an alkali2 affect+ te/ pap]s1 t+$ ) turm]ic or violets2 unit+ ) acids1 & =m+ neutral salts1 & decompos+ ! comp\nds ( acids ) metallic oxides4 ,x unites ) sulphur by means ( heat1 b ! comb9ation is decompos$ at ! same in/ant2 x is incapable ( =m+ soap ) an oxidiz$ oil4 ,x fuses at a mod]ate temp]ature1 :5 x resembles melt$ sulphur1 & l t sub/ance1 cry/allizes on cool+2 x is decompos$ by di/illation1 yield+ c>bonate ( ammonia1 oil1 & a black res9\s residue1 ) a peculi> smell2 :5 heat$ 9 contact ) air1 x inflames rapidly2 ! voltaic pile ex]ts b little action ^u x1 yet1 :5 mix$ ) a globule ( m]cury1 ! latt] appe>s to become increas$ 9 bulk1 & to *ange consi/5ce4 ,:5 analyz$ by means ( ! deutoxide ( copp]1 x yields c>bon1 hydrog51 & oxyg52 & if ammonia has be5 employ$1 z a precipitant 9 its prep>ation1 we %all also obta9 "s nitrog51 b n if prep>$ accord+ to ! improv$ process ( ,robiquet4 ,its habitudes ) diff]5t bodies h n hi!rto be5 suffici5tly inve/igat$1 b !y are highly important1 9 z mu* z !y w expla9 ! op]ation ( ^? v>i\s m$ic9al comp\nds1 into :i* opium ent]s z a pr9cipal +r$i5t4 ,s]tu]n] has giv5 u an acc\nt ( ! effect ( ! alcoholic solution ( ,morphia on himself & ?ree ( 8 pupils2 he f\nd1 t repeat$ small doses ( half a gra9 produc$ at fir/ decid$ excitation2 !n weakness1 numbness1 & t5d5cy to fa9t+2 aft] swall[+ v9eg> :ile 9 ?is condition1 viol5t vomit+ 0 excit$1 pr(\nd sleep int]v5$ 9 "o delicate individual1 & next day he suff]$ f nausea1 vomit+1 head-a*e1 anorexia1 con/ipation1 & heav9ess 7,ann4 de ,*im4 et de ,phys4 ,t4 v47 ,?is case is suffici5t to %ew t al?\gh ,morphia possesses ! *>act]i/ic p[]s ( opium1 its /r5g? is by no means comm5surate ) its suppos$ conc5tration4 ,:5 uncomb9$ x ex]ts little or no action 9 consequ5ce ( its insolubility4 ,! foll[+ hi/ory ( its sal9e comp\nds may be useful4 ,! ,c>bonate cry/allizes 9 %ort prisms4 ,! ,acetate 9 ne$les1 v soluble1 & extremely active4 ,! ,sulphate1 9 arboresc5t cry/als1 v soluble4 ,! ,muriate1 9 plumose cry/als1 mu* less soluble2 :5 evaporat$1 x concretes into a %9+ :ite plumose mass on cool+4 ,! ,nitrates1 9 prisms gr\p$ toge!r4 ,! ,meconiate1 9 oblique prisms1 sp>+ly soluble4 ,! ,t>trate1 9 prisms4 ,morphia is sep>at$ f ! above comb9ations by ammonia4 ,morphia is v soluble 9 olive oil1 & accord+ to ! exp]im5ts ( ,m4 ,maj5die1 ! comp\nd acts ) great int5sity2 ) extractive matt]1 x =ms a comp\nd :i* is almo/ insoluble 9 wat]1 b v soluble 9 acids4 ,! solubility ( ,morphia 9 acids expla9s :y ! adm9i/ration ( v9eg> increases ! p[]s ( opium1 7see page #ace47 ,m4 ,maj5die consid]s ,morphia to produce a m purely soporose effect ?an opium1 & t x is moreov] exempt f ! consecutive op]ation :i* s g5]ally r5d]s opium objectionable4 ,?is op9ion1 h[ev]1 has n be5 confirm$ by ! trials made 9 ?is c\ntry2 equally gratuit\s is ! ass]tion ( ! same physiologi/1 t by r++ *anges on ! salts ( ,morphia1 its hypnotic effects may be kept up )\t increas+ its dose4 ,z ,m4 ,maj5die consid]s ! aft] effects ( opium to be indep5d5t ( ,morphia1 x 0 necess>y = him to po9t out ! p>ticul> pr9ciple f :i* ^! noxi\s consequ5ces arose1 & he accord+ly ascrib$ !m to ! ,salt ( ,d]osne1 n[ m usually d5om9at$ ,n>cot9e1 & :i* may be entirely remov$ f ! extract ( opium by mac]at+ x 9 sulphuric !r2 & 9 ?is way1 x is said1 a prep>ation is obta9$1 :i*1 l ,morphia1 is exempt f ! occasional bad consequ5ces ( ! common drug2 b no satisfactory trials h z yet be5 made ) x4 ,! ,meconic acid1 :5 sep>at$ f ! residuum ( ! magnesian salt1 z describ$ above1 does n appe> to possess any m$ic9al activity4 ,its di/+ui%+ *emical "* is1 t x produces an int5sely r$ col\r 9 solutions ( iron oxidiz$ ad maximum4 ,,ea/ ,,india ,,opium is an inf]ior species2#ehh x diff]s f ,turkey ,opium1 9 its texture be+ less compact1 & mu* s(t]2 its col\r d>k]2 its n>cotic od\r fa9t]1 b comb9$ ) a /rong empyreuma1 & 9 its ta/e be+ m bitt]1 b less acrimoni\s4 ,accord+ to ! exp]im5ts ( ,mr4 ,a4 ,t4 ,?omson1 ,turkey ,opium conta9s ?ree times m morphia ?an ! ,ea/ ,indian v>iety4 ,?is latt]1 :5 triturat$ ) wat]1 is tak5 up )\t any residuum2 h5ce x conta9s no glut51 b ! sulphate ( lime is m abundant1 z appe>s f ! relative proportion ( precipitate produc$ by oxalic acid4 ,! solution ( ! acetate ( b>ytes1 :il/ x occasions no di/urbance 9 ! solutions ( ! ,turkey v>iety1 produces a copi\s precipitate ) ! ,ea/ ,indian4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,are s well kn[n t a few practical rem>ks w suffice4#ehi ,*emi/ry1 x appe>s1 has develop$ ! pr9ciple ( its activity1 & accumulat$ exp]i5ce has e/abli%$ ! value & importance ( its m$ic9al applications1 b ,physiology is /ill unable to demon/rate ! mann] 9 :i* x produces its effects4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t its prim>y op]ation is t ( a p[]ful & diffusible /imulant1 b x is imm$iately foll[$ by n>cotic & s$ative effects1 :i* are f> great] ?an c\ld h be5 inf]r$ f ! degree ( previ\s excitem5t1 & h5ce mu* ke5 controv]sy has aris5 9 ! s*ools conc]n+ its modus op]&i1 7see page #gf47 ,9 l>ge doses1 ! prim>y excitem5t is sc>cely app>5t1 b ! p[]s ( life are in/antly depress$1 dr[s9ess & /upor succe$1 & :5 ! dose is excessive1 ^! are foll[$ by delirium1 /]tor\s brea?+1 cold sweats1 convulsions1 & apoplectic dea?4 ,its /imulant effects are app>5t only 9 small doses1 by :i* ! en]gy ( ! m9d1#eij ! /r5g? ( ! pulse1 & ! heat ( ! body1 are consid]ably increas$1 b all ! secretions & excretions1 except ! cuticul>#eia dis*>ge1 are dim9i%$2 = example1 ! fces ( p]sons1 aft] ! use ( opium1 are n unfrequ5tly clay-col\r$1 f ! susp5sion ( ! bili>y secretion2 ?is circum/ance sugge/s "s important precautions ) respect to its exhibition4 ,opium1 :5 prop]ly direct$1 is capable ( fulfill+ two great indications2 #a/1 ( support+ ! p[]s ( life1 & #bnd1 ( allay+ spasm1 pa91 & irritation1 & ( blunt+ t morbid susceptibility ( impression1 :i* s frequ5tly att5ds fev]4 ,its use is contra-indicat$ 9 all cases :]e inflammatory action prevails1 z 9 pulmon>y affections1 att5d$ ) an accel]at$ circulation & a dry h>d c\gh4#eib ,x is employ$ by "s ( ! ori5tal nations = ! same purposes t we take spiritu\s potations3 by ! ,turks especially1 to :om our m g5]\s bev]ages are prohibit$ by religi\s prejudice1 opium is solicit$ to inspire c\rage1 or to invigorate =titude2--to soo! sorr[2--or to dissipate ! remembrance ( mis=tune2--to awak5 ! fancy to m brilliant ex]tions2 or to create t mild composure & s]5ity ( feel+1 :i* is desirable aft] ! c>es & solicitudes ( an active1 p]plex+1 & ardu\s sc5e3 l spiritu\s liquors among o!r p1 x is1 9 %ort1 ! support ( ! c[>d1--! solace ( ! wret*$1--& ! daily s\rce ( intoxication to ! debau*ee4 ,not)/&+ all ?is1 _s & opium are by no means p>allel m$ic9es2 on ! contr>y1 ! latt] sub/ance (f]s ! be/ rem$y = ! ,mania a ,potu1 & 9 cases ( habitual drunk5ness f alcohol1 :]e our wi% is to ab/ract ! _s1 b are = obvi\s reasons unable s to d1 we may frequ5tly alt]nate its use ) t ( opium1 ) consid]able advantage4 ,_m ( ! b5eficial effects ( ?is rem$y are to be ref]r$ to its p[] ( allay+ irritability2 ,sir ,g4 ,blane has rem>k$1 t 9 ill-condition$ ulc]s 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 opium 0 f\nd sup]ior to all o!r int]nal m$ic9es = produc+ a disposition to heal4 ,"u ! free use ( x1 su* ulc]s w\ld 9 place ( a sani\s dis*>ge produce a heal?y puss succe$$ by granulations & cicatrization4 ,x appe>s to d ?is by susp5d+ irritation1 & p]haps by promot+ absorption4 ,9 comb9ation1 ! m$ical p[]s ( opium are wond]fully ext5d$1 s t !re is sc>cely a disease 9 :i* x may n1 dur+ "s ( its /ages1 be r5d]$ useful4 ,by dim9i%+ ! s5sibility ( ! /oma* & b[els1 x becomes a valuable & efficaci\s corrig5t to _m important m$ic9es1 & ?us frequ5tly fav\rs _! absorption & introduction into ! sy/em1 z = in/ance1 9 ! exhibition ( m]curial alt]atives1 7,=m4 #ada17 & 9 c]ta9 diuretic comb9ations1 7,=m4 #ajj1 #ajf1 #ajg1 #aaj17 9 comb9ation ) antimonials1 & ) ipecacuan1 its n>cotic p[]s are obviat$1 & sudorific results are obta9$4 ,see ,pulv4 ,ipecac4 co4 7,=m4 #aag1 #aai1 #abd1 #abe1 #abg1 #acj47 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,9 sub/ance1 or "u ! =m ( t9cture4 ,:5 we wi% to cont9ue ! op]ation ( opium1 & n to obta9 its full effect at once1 x may be advantage\sly comb9$ ) "s sub/ance capable ( ret>d+ its solution 9 ! /oma*1 z gum res9s4 ,see ,pilul & ,=m4 #aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #ac4 ,a wat]y infusion1 made by infus+ p[d]$ opium 9 boil+ wat]1 w (t5 op]ate )\t produc+ t di/ress+ nausea & head-a*e :i* s frequ5tly foll[ ! use ( ?is sub/ance4 ,) respect1 h[ev]1 to ! be/ modes ( correct+ ! op]ation ( ?is rem$y1 see pages #afj & #afb4 ,dr4 ,port] ( ,bri/ol has introduc$ to our notice a solution ( opium 9 citric acid2 8 =mula#eic = its prep>ation is subjo9$1 because ,i am ( op9ion t x m]its ! att5tion ( ! practition]2 ,i h lately submitt$ x to ! te/ ( exp]i5ce1 & x c]ta9ly possesses ! m]it ( a p[]ful anodyne1 op]at+ ) less di/urbance ?an ! m ord9>y =ms ( ?is sub/ance4 ,i also take ?is opportunity ( /at+1 t ! pyroligne\s acid manufactur$ by ,beaufoy 0 us$ z a m5/ruum1 & ! effect ( ! solution 0 simil> to t ( ,dr4 ,port]4 ,:5 ! /oma* rejects altoge!r ! int]nal exhibition ( opium x may be successfully appli$ along ! sp9e1 by friction1 ) ! camphor l9im5t2 a piece ( solid opium introduc$ into ! rectum1 or dissolv$ 9 "s appropriate solv5t1 & inject$ z an enema1 af=ds also consid]able relief 9 spasmodic affections ( ! b[els1 & 9 pa9ful diseases ( ! pro/ate gl&1 or bladd]1 7,=m4 #i47 ,:5 ?us introduc$ into ! rectum1 x _c und]go t *ange :i* ! dige/ive organs produce ^u x1 & consequ5tly x is m uni=m 9 its action ?an :5 pres5t$ to ! /oma*4 ,opium appe>s to be readily absorb$ into ! sy/em1 :5 appli$ to ! surfaces ( sores2 consid]able relief has be5 ?us af=d$ to irritable /umps1 aft] amputation1 on :i* occasions1 all ! *>act]i/ic effects ( opium h be5 produc$ ^u ! sy/em1 su* z co/iv5ess1 head-a*e1 nausea1 c4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,oxy-muriate ( m]cury2 acetate ( lead2 alkalies2 infusions ( galls1 & ( yell[ c9*ona4 ,orfila /ates t ! decoction ( ,c(fee is less en]getic z an antidote1 ?an ! infusion4 ,:5 we int5d ! opium to act z a s$ative1 we %\ld n comb9e x ) /imulants4 ,! ,ed9burgh ,college c]ta9ly err$ 9 ?is respect1 :5 !y made pepp] an +r$i5t 9 _! ,pilul ,opiat4 ,9 comb9ation ) vegetable acids1 its n>cotic p[]s are increas$1 9 consequ5ce ( ! =mation ( soluble salts ) morphia4#eid ,:5 ! opium h[ev] has pass$ out ( ! prim vi1 v9eg> & acids are !n ! be/ rem$ies = c\nt]act+ its effects2 7see page #acf47 ,dose1 mu/ be v>i$ accord+ to ! int5tion ( ! prescrib]1 ! con/itution ( ! pati5t1 & ! nature ( ! disease4 ,a qu>t] ( a gra91 frequ5tly repeat$1 w keep up its exhil>at+ influ5ce2 7,=m4 #ae7 f gr4 j to ij acts z a n>cotic2 its p[] on ! sy/em soon becomes weak]2 & f habitual use x is s mu* impair$ t v l>ge doses are requir$ to produce its usual effects4 ,russell obs]ves t ! effects ( opium on ^? addict$ to its use1 are at fir/ ob/9ate co/iv5ess1 succe$$ by di>rha & flatul5ce1 ) loss ( appetite & a sotti% appe>ance2 ! tee? decay1 ! memory fails1 & ! unhappy suff]] prematurely s9ks into ! grave4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,gr4 j ( opium is conta9$ 9 ,confect4 ,opii4 ,l4 grs4 #cf4 ,elect4 ,opii4 ,e4 grs4 #dc4 ,elect4 ,cate*u4 ,e4 grs4 #aic4 7,f47 ,elect4 ,cate*u4 comp4 ,d4 grs4 #aii4 7,f47 ,pil4 ,saponis cum opio4 ,l4 grs4 #e4 ,pil4 ,opiat4 ,e4 grs4 #aj4 ,pil4 e ,/yrace4 ,d4 grs4 #e4 ,pulv4 ,corn4 u/4 cum ,opio4 ,l4 grs4 #aj4 ,pulv4 ,cret4 comp1 cum ,opio4 ,l4 grs4 #dj4 ,pulv4 ,ipecac4 comp4 ,l4,e4 grs4 #aj4 7,h47 ,pulv4 ,k9o4 comp4 ,l4 grs4 #bj4 7,f47 ,t9ct4 ,opii4 ,l4 #ai4 ,t9ct4 ,camphor4 comp4 ,l4 fss4 ,t9ct4 ,opii ammon4 ,e4 fj4 ,tro*4 ,glycyrr4 cum ,opio4 ,e4 j4 ,v9um ,opii4 ,l4 #ag4 ,! ,m$ic9al ,dynamet] w at once %ew ! quantity ( opium 9 any proportion ( ! above prep>ations4 ,,adult]ations4 ,! ,turkey ,opium1 :5 good1 is cov]$ ) leaves1 & ! r$di% capsules ( "s species ( rumex2 ! inf]ior k9ds h none ( ^! capsules adh]+ to !m4 ,x is frequ5tly adult]at$ ) ! extract ( liquorice2 x %\ld be reg>d$ z bad :5 x is v s(t & friable1 ( an int5sely black col\r1 or mix$ ) _m impurities1 :5 x has a sweeti% ta/e1 or m>ks pap] ) a br[n cont9u\s /reak :5 drawn across x1 or :5 x melts l wax1 & makes a yell[ solution 9 wat]4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s t 9 cutt+ a mass ( opium1 bullets & /ones h be5 f\nd imb$d$ 9 x1 a fraud :i* is committ$ by ! ,turks1 f :i* ! retail] alone suff]s4 ,x is also adult]at$ ) ! extract ( poppy capsules1 or ( ! :ole plant2 ) t ( *elidonium majus1 ) gum arabic or tragacan?1 ) ! oil ( l9se$1 & ev5 ) ! dung ( ox54 ,,ovum4 ,l4 7,phasianus ,gallus4 ,ovum47 ,! ,egg ( ! ,dome/ic ,f[l4 ,,vitellus1 ,! ,yolk or ,yelk1 is pr9cipally employ$ 9 ph>maceutical op]ations1 = r5d]+ oils & balsams miscible ) wat]4 ,x is g5tly laxative4 ,oleum e vitellis1 ,oil ( ,eggs4 ,obta9$ by boil+ ! yelks1 & !n submitt+ !m to pressure2 fifty eggs yield ab\t #e oz4 ( oil4 ,x is introduc$ into ! ,p>is ,ph>macopia1 be+ mu* employ$ on ! ,cont95t = kill+ m]cury4 ,,album54 ,us$ pr9cipally = cl>ify+ turbid liquors4 ,,te/a4 ,simil> to o!r absorb5ts4 ,,oxymel ,,simplex4 ,l4,d4 ,,mel ,,acetatum4 ,p4,l4 #aghg4 ,simple ,oxymel4#eie ,?is composition ( honey & acetic acid has be5 long valu$ on acc\nt ( its det]g5t qualities1 & has accord+ly be5 mu* us$ z ! basis ( g>gles1 & expectorant rem$ies4 ,,oxymel ,,scill4 ,l4 ,d4 ,,oxymel ,,scilliticum4 ,p4,l4 #agbj4 #agde4 ,,oxymel ,,( ,,squills4 ,?is prep>ation c]ta9ly possesses consid]able p[]s z an expectorant2 especially if all[$ to pass sl[ly ov] ! fauces1 z :5 appli$ 9 ! =m ( a l9ctus1 7,=m3 #ace17 :i* by /imulat+ ! top ( ! tra*ea may possibly act1 by a k9d ( 8contigu\s sympa?y10 ^u ! pulmon>y /ructure1#eif & !reby increase ! activity ( ! exhalant vessels1 & s dilute ! mucus conta9$ 9 ! follicles z to cause x to be p\r$ out 9 a less viscid =m1 & consequ5tly 9 a /ate to be m easily br\ght up by expectoration4 ,its action w also admit ( ano!r explanation1 b = ?is see page #ajb4 ,,dose f fss to fij4 ,9 l>g] doses x is giv5 = ! purpose ( excit+ vomit+1 especially 9 hoop+ c\gh4 ,,papav]is ,,capsul4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,papav] ,somnif]um4 ,capsul ,matur47 ,poppy ,capsules1 or ,poppy heads4 ,^! capsules are employ$ 9 m$ic9e = ! purpose ( af=d+ a decoction1 to be appli$ z an anodyne fom5tation1 see ,decoctum ,papav]is1 & z a syrup ( hypnotic qualities1 see ,syrupus ,papav]is4 ,! se$s ( ! poppy capsules are n directly us$ = any m$ic9al purposes1 b !y yield a fix$ oil :i* is daily met ) 9 ! m>ket1 & is frequ5tly us$ to adult]ate ,olive ,oil1 :i* see4 ,z an article ( trade x is consid]$ v inf]ior to ! o!r fix$ oils2 x burns v badly1 & yields a great quantity ( smoke4 ,to ! ph>maceutic *emi/ x is an article ( int]e/ f ! controv]sies to :i* x has giv5 orig94#eig ,,pilul ,l4,e4,d4 ,pills4 ,= g5]al in/ructions respect+ ! =mation & adm9i/ration ( pills1 ! practition] mu/ ref] to ! fir/ "p ( ?is "w1 page #aic4 ,,(fic9al ,,pills4 ,,pilul ,,aloes ,,composit4 ,l4 ,extract ( ,aloes1 two p>ts1 extract ( g5tian1 7,g7 "o "p1 ) oil ( c>raway2 7,e7 to :i* syrup is unnecess>ily add$4 ,x is a useful pill 9 habitual co/iv5ess4 ,dose1 grs4 x to j4 ,,pilul ,,aloes ,,et ,,assaf,,tid4 ,e4 ,p[d]$ aloes1 assaftida 7,g7 & soap1 7,l7 equal p>ts4 ,anodyne & ca?>tic2 a v useful comb9ation 9 dyspepsia att5d$ ) flatul5ce4 ,dose1 grs4 x4 ,,pilul ,,aloes ,,cum ,,myrrha4 ,l4 ,pilul ,rufi4 ,p4,l4 #agde4 ,extract ( ,alo1 two p>ts1 saffron & myrrh1 7,e7 "o "p1 syrup1 q4 s4 ,?is is a v anci5t =m ( prep>ation1 & is describ$ by ,rhazes4 ,x is /imulant & ca?>tic4 7,=m3 #aa1 #ha1 #ih1 #ii47 ,dose1 grs4 x to j4#eih ,,pilul ,,aloes ,,cum ,,colocyn?ide4 ,e4 ,?is pill is kn[n by ! popul> "n ( ,pil4 ,cocci1 signifies a se$1 & ! t]m 0 fir/ appli$ to ?is prep>ation by ,rhazes4 ,x consi/s ( eight p>ts ( aloes & scammony2 f\r ( colocyn?2 & "o "p ( oil ( cloves1 7,e7 & ( sulphate ( potass ) sulphur1 olim ,sal ,polycre/4 ,x is m p[]ful 9 its op]ation ?an ! simple aloetic pills4 ,,pilul ,,cambogi ,,composit4 ,l4 ,gamboge1 extract ( aloe1 & comp\nd p[d] ( c9namon "o "p2 soap two p>ts2 see page #agb1 & ,=m3 #hh4 ,,pilul ,,f]ri ,,composit4 ,l4 ,?is comb9ation is analog\s to t ( ,griffi?'s mixture4 ,dose1 gr4 x to j4 ,=m3 #ii4 ,!y become extremely h>d by keep+4 ,if ! practition] consult ! ,,m$ic9al ,,dynamet]1 he w obs]ve t 9 ord] to give ! same quantity ( ,proto-c>bonate ( ,iron z is conta9$ 9 fiss ( ,mi/3 ,f]ri comp3 he mu/ direct j ( ?is pill mass2 :i* quantities w be se5 to conta91 respectively1 a gra9 & sev5 t5?s ( ?is ( ! proto-c>bonate1 or1 "o gra9 ( ,protoxide1 :i* is equival5t4 ,x is d\btful :e!r ! =m] prep>ation w n prove m active1 9 consequ5ce ( ! saponace\s vehicle =m$ by ! ,myrrh & alkali 9 a /ate ( solution4 ,,pilul ,,galbani ,,composit4 ,l4 ,pil4 ,gummos1 ,p4,l4 #agde4 ,we are "h pres5t$ ) a comb9ation ( ftid gums1 9 :i* assaftida is ! mo/ pot5t article4 ,antispasmodic1 & emm5agogue4 ,dose1 grs4 x to j4 ,see ,=m3 #aj1 #bg1 #ih4 ,,pilul ,,hydr>gyri4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,pil4 ,m]curiales4 ,p4,l4 #agde1 vulgo1 ,! ,blue ,pill4 ,! m]cury 9 ?is prep>ation1 is n1 z x 0 =m]ly consid]$1 9 a /ate ( m]e me*anical division1 b 9 t ( a black oxide1 ^u :i* its activity z a rem$y und\bt$ly dep5ds2 = m]cury 9 its metallic /ate is entirely in]t ) reg>d to ! liv+ sy/em4 ,v>i\s sub/ances h at diff]5t times be5 triturat$ ) ! m]cury1 = ! purpose ( ext+ui%+ or kill+ x1 by effect+ ! me*anical division & subsequ5t oxidation ( its p>ticles1 z manna1 melasses1 c4 ,cons]ve ( ,roses is n[ g5]ally pref]r$ = ?is purpose1 al?\gh ,sw$iaur suspects t ! a/r+5t pr9ciple ( ?is cons]ve invalidates ! effects ( ! m]cury1 8,i h10 says he1 8giv5 ^! pills to sev]al pati5ts = a long "t1 )\t any symptom ( salivation40 ,mr4 ,ab]ne?y obs]ves 9 8 surgical works1 t ! ,pilul ,hydr>gyri are unc]ta9 9 _! effects2 & t "s ( ! /ud5ts at ! hospital on exam9+ !m1 & diff]5t p>cels ( ! cons]ve ( roses1 say t ! sulphuric acid may be discov]$ 9 ea*4 ,nor is x improbable t 9 mak+ ! cons]ve = sale1 "s ( ?is acid may be add$ to bright5 ! col\r2 & if s1 ! m]curial pill :i* is made f x may conta9 9 v>y+ proportions1 "s ( t highly delet]i\s comp\nd1 ! sub-sulphate ( m]cury4 ,:5 any ( ! gums are employ$ = kill+ ! metal1 ! pills soon become h>d & brittle1 & aft] "s "t ! m]cury is liable to run into its metallic /ate4 ,! pill-mass1 :5 r5d]$ ?9n] by ! addition ( a little wat]1 & ext5d$ on a piece ( pap]1 ought n to exhibit any metallic globules2 9 ?is exam9ation1 h[ev]1 we mu/ be c>eful n to be betray$ by ! fallaci\s appe>ance :i* is frequ5tly pres5t$ by small cry/als ( sac*>9e matt]4 ,! relative proportion ( m]cury conta9$ 9 ! mass c be asc]ta9$ only by its weight4 ,! blue pill is made at ,apo!c>ies' ,hall by a v +5i\s ma*9e actuat$ by /eam1 & :i* rubs z well z rolls ! mat]ials1 & x is said ! pill ?us made is m active ?an t produc$ 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x is by f> ! be/ =m = ! int]nal exhibition ( m]cury2 :]e x is int5d$ to act ^u ! sy/em z an alt]ative1 x %\ld be adm9i/]$ 9 doses ( f grs4 iv to vj2 if x occasion any action on ! b[els1 x may be conjo9$ ) opium2 sometimes a few gra9s ( rhub>b1 exhibit$ e morn+1 w imp>t su* a tone to ! inte/9es1 z to enable !m to resi/ ! m]curial irritation4 ,9 cases :]e ! =m ( pill is objectionable1 x may be readily susp5d$ by ! aid ( mucilage1 9 "s aque\s vehicle2 :5 exhibit$ 9 doses ( grs4 x to j1 x acts z a mild b effici5t purgative4 ,=m3 #gi1 #ajf4 ,"o gra9 ( m]cury is conta9$ 9 ?ree gra9s ( ! mass2 ! proportion ( metal1 or oxide1 9 any o!r giv5 quantity1 is %ewn at once by ! ,dynamet]4 ,= ! specific effects ( m]cury1 see ,ung4 ,hydr>g4 ,,pilul ,,hydr>gyri ,,sub-,,muriatis ,,composit4 ,l4,e4 ,olim ,plumm]'s ,pills4 ,!y consi/ ( "o "p ( calomel & precipitat$ sulphuret ( antimony 7,h7 & two p>ts ( guaiac 7,e7 made into =m ) _s4 ,x is a v useful alt]ative1 especially 9 cutane\s eruptions & 9 second>y syphilitic symptoms1 p>ticul>ly :5 affect+ ! sk94 ,dose1 grs4 v to x4 ,%\ld _! exhibition affect ! b[els1 ! addition ( a small proportion ( ,opium may be add$4 ,,pilul ,,opiat4 ,e4 ,opium "o "p2 extract ( liquorice1 sev5 p>ts2 ,jamaica pepp]1 two p>ts4 ,x is h[ev] a comp\nd ( que/ionable propriety4 ,,pilul ,,rhei ,,composit4 ,e4 ,rhub>b1 ,aloes1 & myrrh1 ) oil ( pepp]m9t4 ,:5 su* a comb9ation is indicat$1 x is bett] to prescribe x extemporane\sly3 = ! mass1 by be+ kept1 w become less efficaci\s4 ,,pilul ,,saponis ,,cum ,,opio4 ,l4 ,pil4 ,opii4 ,p4,l4 #aghg4 ,by sub/itut+ soap = extract ( liquorice1 ^! pills are n[ r5d]$ m soluble 9 ! /oma*1 & are consequ5tly m effici5t4 ,five gra9s conta9 "o ( opium4 ,,pilul ,,scill ,,composit4 ,l4 ,a /imulat+ expectorant3 b z squill is always impair$ by keep+1 x ought to be consid]$ z an extemporane\s comb9ation4 ,x is surely injudici\s ?us to multiply our (fic9al =mul1 b x is difficult1 on su* occasions1 to run c\nt] to popul> op9ion4 ,=m3 #ajd4 ,,pim5t ,,bacc4 ,l4,e4 ,pim5to4 ,d4 ,myrtus ,pym5ta4 ,bacc4 ,pim5ta ,b]ries4 ,jamaica ,pepp]4 ,all-spice4 ,,qualities4 ,od\r1 aromatic & agreeable1 comb9+ t ( c9namon1 cloves1 & nutmegs2 h5ce ! t]m all-spice4 ,ta/e1 w>m & pung5t1 resembl+ t ( cloves4 ,^! qualities reside pr9cipally 9 ! cortical "p ( ! b]ry4 ,,*emical ,,comp3 ,x conta9s a volatile oil1 v l t ( cloves1 res91 extractive1 tann91 & gallic acid4 ,,solubility4 ,wat]1 alcohol1 & !r1 extract its virtues4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,pr9cipally to cov] ! disagreeable ta/e ( o!r rem$ies2 x is also a v useful adjunct to dyspeptic m$ic9es4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,aq4 ,pim5t4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,ol4 ,pim5t4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,pil4 ,opiat4 ,e4 ,syrup4 ,rhamni4 ,l4 7,e7 ,,pip]is ,,longi ,,bacc4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,long ,pepp]4 ,! *emical & m$ic9al prop]ties ( ?is sub/ance are simil> to ^? ( black pepp]2 :i* see4 ,! v>ieties 9 ! m>ket are di/+ui%$ by ! names %ort long pepp]1 & long long pepp]4 ,! native practition]s ( ,india prescribe x 9 infusion1 mix$ ) a little honey1 z a rem$y 9 cat>rhal affections1 :5 ! *e/ is load$ ) phlegm4 ,,pip]is ,,nigri ,,bacc4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,black ,pepp]4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,an oily matt]1 fecula1 & extractive2 ! acrid pr9ciple ( ,pepp] has be5 sep>at$ by ,o]/$ 9 an alkal9e =m4 ,! foll[+ 0 ! process by :i* x 0 procur$4 ,! pepp] hav+ be5 dige/$ 9 alcohol1 muriatic acid & aft]w>ds wat] 7 add$ to ! t9cture1 by :i* ! res9 0 precipitat$1 :ile a muriate ( ,pip]a rema9$ 9 solution4 ,! solution 0 !n1 aft] hav+ be5 submitt$ to a c]ta9 evaporation1 decompos$ by pure potass1 :5 a precipitation ( ,pip]a took place4 ,?is salifiable base is ne>ly insoluble 9 cold1 & only v slightly soluble 9 boil+ wat]4 ,x dissolves 9 alcohol1 & ! solution has a gre5i%-yell[ col\r1 :i* by ! addition ( nitric acid is r5d]$ gre54 ,! capacity ( ! base = saturation appe>s v small4 ,,solubility4 ,! virtues ( pepp] are entirely extract$ by !r & alcohol2 & p>tially by wat]1 #eej p9ts be+ requir$ to extract all ! sapidity ( j ( pepp]4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x appe>s to be a m g5]al & p]man5t /imulus ?an o!r species ( equal pung5cy on ! palate2 x may be comb9$ ) bitt]s1 & exhibit$ 9 nausea1 dyspepsia1 retroc$5t g\t1 or z a /imulant 9 p>alysis2 x is also a valuable coadjutor to b>k1 9 ob/9ate int]mitt5ts4 ,an infusion made ) black pepp] t has be5 toa/$1 is (t5 prescrib$ by ! natives ( ,india 9 cases ( *ol]a morbus2 & ,i h kn[n x1 says ,dr4 ,a9slie1 put a /op to ! vomit+ :5 _m o!r rem$ies _h fail$4 ,,dose1 grs4 v to j1 or m4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,empla/4 ,meloes vesicat4 comp4 ,e4 ,ungu5t4 pip]4 nig4 ,d4 ,:ite pepp] is made by sep>at+ ! fir/ sk9 ( ! b]ry1 by soak+ x 9 salt & wat]4 ,,adult]ations4 ,! p[d]$ husk ( ! mu/>d se$ is univ]sally mix$ ) p[d]$ pepp]1 & is regul>ly sold = ?is purpose by ! mu/>d manufactur]1 "u ! te*nical title ( ,p4,d4 7,pepp] ,du/27 !re are besides o!r admixtures less innoc5t4--,:ole ,pepp] is also frequ5tly factiti\s2 artificial pepp]-corns1 compos$ ( peas-meal1 bo? :ite & black1 are mix$ ) real pepp]-corns1 & sold z g5u9e pepp]2 ! me?od ( detect+ ! fraud is v simple2 ?r[ a suspect$ sample into wat]2 ^? t are artificial w fall to p[d]1 or be p>tially dissolv$1 :ile ! true pepp]-corns w rema9 :ole4 ,,pix ,,abiet9a4#eii ,l4 7,p9us ,abies4 ,res9a ,prp>ata47 ,,pix ,,burgundica4 ,e4,d4 ,burgundy ,pit*4 ,?is sub/ance is procur$ by mak+ incisions ?r\gh ! b>k ( ! ,norway ,spruce fir1 & aft]w>ds boil+ ! flakes s obta9$ 9 wat]1 & !n /ra9+ ! res9 ?r\gh co>se clo?s "u a press2 :]eas frank9c5se 7,abietis res9a7 is a spontane\s exudation f x4 ,x is n[ entirely conf9$ to ext]nal use1 z a rubefaci5t spread on lea!r2 x is v adhesive4 ,empla/3 ,picis comp4 ,l4 ,empla/3 ,picis ,burgund4 ,d4 ,,adult]ations4 ,a factiti\s sort1 manufactur$ 9 ,engl&1 is (t5 met )2 x is to be di/+ui%$ by its friability1 & its want ( viscidity & unctuosity1 & by ! abs5ce ( t peculi> od\r :i* *>act]ises ! g5u9e specim5s4 ,,pix ,,liquida4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,p9us ,sylve/ris47 ,t>4 ,?is fluid is =m$ f ! decomposition ( ! res9\s juice ( ! p9e1 dur+ ! sl[ & smo!r$ combu/ion ( its bran*es1 & z a summ>y def9ition ( ! sub/ance1 t by ,pl9y _c be surpass$1 8,pix nihil aliud quam combu/ res9 fluxus40 ,lib4 #bc4 c4 #a4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x is f\nd to consi/ ( empyreumatic oil1 res91 acetic acid1 & "s salts4 ,,solubility4 ,wat] readily dissolves a portion ( ,t>1 & =ms a solution ( ! col\r ( ,madeira w9e1 ) a %>p empyreumatic ta/e4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,t> wat]1 "u ! auspices ( ,bi%op ,b]kley1 0 =m]ly consid]$ a rem$y ( extraord9>y p[]s2#fjj ?is op9ion h[ev] has at l5g? pass$ away1 7see page #bg47 & ,t> is n[ p>ticul>ly indebt$ = a place 9 ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 to an essay by ,sir ,alex&] ,cri*ton1 entitl$1 8,an ,acc\nt ( "s ,exp]im5ts made ) ! ,vap\r ( boil+ ,t>1#fja 9 ! cure ( ,pulmon>y ,consumption40 ,at ! reque/ ( ,sir ,alex&]1 ,i 0 induc$ to make a trial ( its effects1 & ,i d n feel any hesitation 9 /at+ t ! result has l$ me to believe t x may1 9 "s cases1 be att5d$ ) b5efit4 ,9 ! application ( ! rem$y sev]al precautions are necess>y = its success4 ,! ,t> employ$ %\ld be t us$ 9 ! cordage ( %ips2 to e p\nd ( :i* half an ounce ( sub-c>bonate ( potass mu/ be add$1 9 ord] to neutralize ! pyroligne\s acid g5]ally f\nd mix$ ) ! t>1 ! pres5ce ( :i* w necess>ily excite c\gh+2 ! t> ?us prep>$ is to be plac$ 9 a suitable vessel ov] a lamp1 & to be kept sl[ly boil+ 9 ! *amb] dur+ ! night z well z ! day2 ! vessel h[ev] ought to be clean$ & repl5i%$ e tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 o!rwise ! residuum may be burnt & decompos$1 a circum/ance :i* w occasion increas$ c\gh & oppression on ! *e/4 ,! anci5ts ent]ta9$ a high op9ion ( ! efficacy ( ,t> 9 pulmon>y diseases1 :5 int]nally adm9i/]$2 suppos+ x to promote expectoration1 relieve dyspna1 & *eck spitt+ ( blood2 ,dioscorides p>ticul>ly speaks ( its utility 9 su* cases2 he also recomm5ds x to be appli$ to ulc]s1 :i* he says x fills up & heals1 :e!r !y be situat$ on ! surface ( ! body1 or 9 ! e>s1 ?roat1 & o!r int]nal p>ts4 ,see ! *apt] on 8,inhalations10 page #bjb4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,ungu5t4 ,picis ,liquid4 ,l4 ,,plumbi ,,sub-,,c>bonas4 ,l4 ,,c>bonas ,,plumbi1 vulgo ,c]ussa4 ,e4 ,,c]ussa1 ,sub-acetas ,plumbi4 ,d4 ,c]usse1 or ,:ite ,lead4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,! composition ( ?is sub/ance has n until lately be5 well und]/ood1 & h5ce ! diff]5t appellations be/[$ ^u x by ! diff]5t colleges4 ,,solubility4 ,x is insoluble 9 wat]1 b soluble 9 pure potass4 ,,uses4 ,x is only employ$ ext]nally1 by spr9kl+ on excoriat$ p>ts2 ! safety ( su* a practice h[ev] is que/ionable4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,ungu5t4 ,c]uss4 ,d4 ,plumbi ,acetas ,l4,e4,d4 7,k7 ,,adult]ations4 ,*alk may be detect$ by assay+ its solution 9 cold acetic acid ) oxalate ( ammonia2 ,c>bonate ( b>ytes1 by add+ to a portion ( ! same solution1 sulphate ( soda v l>gely dilut$ ) di/ill$ wat]2 & ,sulphate ( b>ytes1 or ,sulphate ( lead1 by ! insolubility ( ! :ite lead 9 boil+ di/ill$ v9eg>4 ,,plumbi ,,oxydum ,,semi-,,vitreum4 ,l4,e4 ,,li?>gyrum4 ,d4 ,li?>ge4#fjb ,x is a yell[ protoxide ( lead1 :i* has be5 melt$ & left to cry/allize by cool+4 ,x is only employ$ 9 ph>macy = =m+ o!r prep>ations ( lead1 & ! foll[+ (fic9al pla/]s1 ,empla/4 ,plumbi1 ,l4 ,e4,d4 ,c]atum ,saponis4 ,l4 ,x is add$ to w9es to remove _! acidity2 = ! detection ( :i*1 evaporate ! suspect$ liquor to a ?ick fluid1 add *>coal1 & calc9e 9 a crucible3 9 ! space ( an h\r metallic po9ts w be obta9$1 consi/+ ( lead surr\nd$ by a quantity ( yell[ protoxide4 ,,plumbi ,,acetas4 ,l4 ,c]ussa ,acetata4 ,p4 ,l4 #aghg4 ,sac*>um ,saturni4 #agde4 ,,acetas ,,plumbi4 ,e4 ,acetas ,plumbi4 ,d4 vulgo1 ,sug> ( ,lead4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 irregul> masses resembl+ lumps ( sug>1 be+ an aggregation ( acicul> f\r-sid$ prisms t]m9at$ by dih$ral summits1 :i* are slightly effloresc5t2 by c>eful cry/allization1 x may be obta9$ 9 quadrangul> prisms4 ,ta/e1 sweet & a/r+5t4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,al?\gh x has be5 t]m$ a ,sup]-acetate1 x appe>s to be a neutral salt1 & t its p[] ( r$d5+ valuable blues is attributable to a p>tial decomposition2 = :5 dissolv$ 9 wat] conta9+ ! lea/ portion ( c>bonic acid1 a :ite c>bonate ( lead is precipitat$1 & a correspond+ portion ( acetic acid is necess>ily dis5gag$4 ,! ,college h !re=e n[ designat$ x z an acetate4 ,accord+ to ! exp]im5ts ( ,b]zelius1 ?is salt1 9 its anhydr\s /ate1 consi/s ( "o proportional ( acetic acid1 & "o proportional ( oxide ( lead2 s t ! proportion ( ! metallic base is "o-?ird ( t 9 ! sub-acetate4 ,,solubility4 ,x is dissolv$ 9 #be p>ts ( wat]1 hot or cold2 x is also soluble 9 alcohol4 ,:5 common wat] is employ$ ! solution is q turbid1 unless a small proportion ( acetic acid be previ\sly add$4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,! alkalies1 alkal9e e>?s & _! c>bonates2 mo/ ( ! acids2 alum2 borax2 ! sulphates1 & muriates2 soaps2 all sulphurets2 ammoniat$1 & t>t>iz$ iron2 t>t>iz$ antimony2 undi/ill$ wat]4 ,! solution ( acetate ( ammonia decomposes t ( ?is salt1 9 consequ5ce ( ! c>bonic acid :i* is g5]ally diffus$ ?r\gh x4 ,x has lately be5 discov]$ t ,gallic acid & ,tann9 are capable ( comb9+ ) lead 9 solution1 & ( =m+ a p]fectly insoluble sub/ance1 :i* falls to ! bottom ( ! vessel2 h5ce all vegetable a/r+5ts mu/ be consid]$ z incompatible ) ?is m$ic9e4 ,on ?is acc\nt1 liquors :i* h be5 kept 9 oak casks1#fjc = a c]ta9 "t1 mu/ be fre$ f lead4 ,?is expla9s a fact1 ) respect to ! effect ( new rum 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 ( "s importance4 ,?is _s1 :5 newly di/ill$1 is f\nd to conta9 traces ( lead1 d]iv$ f ! lead5 rims ( ! copp]s1 & ! lead5 worm1 us$ = its cond5sation2 b1 by be+ kept ab\t twelve mon?s 9 oak5 casks1 x loses its delet]i\s prop]ties1 & no long] exhibits any traces ( ?is metal4#fjd ,c]ta9 bodies appe> likewise to be incompatible ) ! comp\nds ( lead1 n f ! *emical *anges !y induce1 b f ! contr>y effects !y produce ^u ! body2 ?us m]cury appe>s to invalidate _! p[]s & to c\nt]act _! effects1 z we may h obs]v$ 9 treat+ saturn9e *olic4 ,i suspect also t antimony op]ates 9 ! same mann]2 ,m4 ,m]at relates ! case ( an apo!c>y :o 0 cur$ ( a desp]ate saturn9e *olic1 aft] hav+ tak51 9 ! c\rse ( eight days1 eighty gra9s ( t>t>iz$ antimony4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,i feel no hesitation 9 pron\nc+ ?is salt ( lead to be "o ( ! mo/ valuable res\rces ( physic2 f ! results ( num]\s cases1 ,i /ate ) confid5ce t x is m effici5t 9 /opp+ pulmon>y & ut]9e hemorrhage1 ?an any o!r kn[n rem$y--8nil simile1 nec secundum10--& t its application is equally safe & manageable2 b x mu/ n be comb9$ ) sub/ances capable ( decompos+ x1 nor mu/ x be simultane\sly adm9i/]$ ) ! m$ic9es :i* are frequ5tly prescrib$ 9 conjunction ) x1 z an ,infusion ( ,roses1 ,sulphate ( ,magnesia1 c4 ,alum has also be5 9 "s cases add$ to x1 ) ! int5tion ( increas+ its a/r+5cy4 ,x is evid5t t "u su* circum/ances an insoluble & in]t ,sulphate ( ,lead w be produc$4 ,! exp]im5ts ( ,orfila confirm ! tru? ( ^! views1 & %ew t su* sub/ances act z c\nt]-poisons = ! salts ( lead4 ,accord+ to my exp]i5ce1 ^? vegetable acids :i* decompose ! acetate ( lead1 & =m insoluble salts ) its base1 are n m$ically incompatible1 :5 adm9i/]$ simultane\sly ) x1 al?\gh no sci5tific physician w\ld prescribe su* a mixture2 ?is fact is %ewn by ! circum/ance ( potations1 conta9+ malic & t>t>ic#fje acids1 n hav+ be5 f\nd to invalidate ! efficacy ( ?is salt4 ,:e!r ! /oma* 9 ! fir/ in/ance prev5ts ! decomposition1 & its necess>y results1 or all[s ! op]ation ( ! usual aff9ities1 & !n subsequ5tly decomposes ! insoluble comp\nd :i* results f !m1 by ! ab/raction & dige/ion ( its vegetable con/itu5t1 are que/ions = future inquiry1 :5 ! laws ( ga/ric *emi/ry %all be bett] und]/ood1 & m ju/ly appreciat$4 ,i h also se5 mu* b5efit accrue f ?is m$ic9e 9 protract$ di>rha1 :5 x has *eck$ ! b[els m effectually ev5 ?an opium4 ,m4 ,gasp>d has communicat$ to ! public1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ,maj5die's ,j\rnal de ,physiologie1 7#c numro ,juillet1 #ahba17 a pap] ^u ! op]ation ( ,acetate ( ,lead1 entitl$ 8,exp]i5ces ,physiologiques et ,m$icales sur ,l',acetate de ,plomb10 9 :i* he ass]ts t ?is metallic salt _c be adm9i/]$ )\t risk 9 any dose1 unless inde$ x be giv5 9 vehicles :i* decompose x1 & :i*1 he adds1 appe>s g5]ally to h happ5$ 9 ! prescriptions ( ^? :o h giv5 x ext5sively4 ,he obs]ves1 t 8x produces a sl[ & peculi> inflammation ( ! b[els1 z well z ( ! lungs2 & t x1 moreov]1 occasions ,*olica ,pictonum40 ,no "o1 ,i appreh5d1 w d5y ! poison\s quality ( acetate ( lead1 any m ?an t ( ars5ic2 & yet bo? may1 by prop] managem5t1 be r5d]$ !rapeutical ag5ts ( value & safety4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,9 t ( pill1 gu>d$ by opium2 x w be prud5t to recomm5d an ab/95ce f all potation1 except t ( cold wat]1 or draughts1 compos$ ( dilut$ acetic acid1 = at lea/ an h\r aft] ! +e/ion ( ! pill4#fjf ,,dose1 gr4 to gr4 j4 ,=m4 #eg4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,c]at4 ,plumb4 acetat4 ,l4#fjg ,,podophyllum ,,peltatum4 ,may ,apple4 ,radix4 ,?is plant is f\nd 9 almo/ e "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 l[ & moi/ situations4 ,x fl[]s 9 ,may & ,june1 & ! root is ! only "p us$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,by analysis ?is is f\nd to conta9 res91 bitt] extractive1 fcula1 & a slight proportion ( a gummy sub/ance4 ,! root ( ! ,may ,apple is an excell5t active ca?>tic1 op]at+ 9 a mann] v simil> to ! common ,julap4 ,x is giv5 9 p[d]1 9 doses ( ab\t grs4 xx4 ,! prop] p]iod = collect+ ! root = m$ic9al purposes is ! autumn1 :5 ! leaves ( ! plant h turn$ yell[4 ,x %\ld be c>efully dri$ & !n pulv]iz$4 ,,potassa ,,cum ,,calce4 ,l4,e4 ,,kali ,,cau/icum ,,cum ,,calce4 ,d4 ,! addition ( lime to potass r5d]s x less deliquesc5t1 & m manageable1 z an es*>otic4 ,,potassa ,,fusa4 ,l4 ,,potassa4 ,e4 ,,kali ,,cau/icum4 ,d4 ,lapis inf]nalis4 ,p4,l4 #agbj4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 a :ite brittle sub/ance1 extremely cau/ic & deliquesc5t1 & possess+ 9 an em95t degree all ! prop]ties d5om9at$ alkal9e4 ,,solubility4 fj ( wat] dissolves vij2 x is also soluble 9 alcohol4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,?is prep>ation1 indep5d5t ( its impurities1 is ! hydrat$ protoxide ( potassium1 al?\gh 9 ! /ate 9 :i* x is ca/ into /icks x g5]ally conta9s a little ,p]oxide1#fjh & !re=e evolves oxyg5 :5 dissolv$ 9 wat]4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x is a mo/ p[]ful cau/ic 7cau/icum commune ac]rimum71 & is frequ5tly employ$ to e/abli% an ulc]2 or1 in/ead ( incision1 to op5 a tum\r4 ,x has ! advantage ( o!r cau/ics1 f ! circum/ance ( our be+ able to neutralize its p[]s by t\*+ x ) v9eg>1 & ?us to arre/ its progress 9 an in/ant2 x is h[ev] m liable to produce a l>ge es*> ?an nitrate ( silv]1 9 consequ5ce ( ! *emical action ( ! alkali ^u ! sk94 ,)9 ! la/ few ye>s1 surgeons h greatly pref]r$ ! use ( ?is cau/ic to t ( nitrate ( silv]1 9 cases ( organic /ricture ( ! ure?ra1 z act+ m p[]fully1 & yet occasion+ less irritation ?an ! latt] sub/ance2 x is also said t ! "p :i* x de/roys is soon] deta*$ & m easily elim9at$4 ,its disposition1 h[ev]1 to ext5d its sph]e ( action has occasion$ su* a de/ruction ( ! membrane z to all[ ! ur9e to pass into ! cellul> sub/ance1 by :i* v s]i\s effects h be5 produc$4 ,= ?is reason !re are cases 9 :i* ! nitrate ( silv] is /ill to be pref]r$4 ,z an int]nal rem$y x is only employ$ 9 solution4 ,see ,liquor ,potass4#fji ,,potass ,,acetas4 ,l4 ,,acetas ,,potass4 ,e4 ,,acetas ,,kali4 ,d4 ,kali ,acetatum4 ,p4,l4 #aghg4--,sal diureticus4 ,p4,l4 #agde4--,t]ra foliata ,t>t>i4--,sal ,s5n]ti4--,magi/]ium ,purgans ,t>t>i4--,sal ,ess5tiale v9i4 ,oleum ,t>t>i ,s5n]ti4--,sal dige/ivus ,sylvii1 c4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 masses ( a foliat$1 lam9> texture1 extremely deliquesc5t2 ,od\r1 slight & peculi>2 ,ta/e1 %>p & pung5t4 ,,solubility4 fj ( di/ill$ wat] at #fj dissolves #djd gra9s1 or #ajj p>ts ( x are soluble 9 #aje p>ts ( wat]2 ! solution soon und]goes spontane\s decomposition2 x is soluble 9 f\r times its weight ( alcohol4--,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x consi/s ( "o proportional ( ea* ( its compon5ts1 or #dh potass & #ej acetic acid4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,x is decompos$ by tam>9ds & mo/ sub-acid fruits2 by almo/ e acid1 z well z e v>iety ( neutral salt1 :e!r alkal9e1 acid1 or metallic4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,9 small doses1 diuretic2 9 l>g] ones1 mildly ca?>tic4 ,dose1 j to j to produce ! =m]1 ij to iij to excite ! latt] ( ^! effects4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,on acc\nt ( its deliquesc5t prop]ty x is n admissible 9 p[d]s or pills1 b %\ld be always exhibit$ 9 solution4 7,=m4 #ajh1 #aaj1 #aaa47 ,9 ! =m] editions ( ?is "w1 ,i introduc$ "u ! pres5t article1 ^? views reg>d+ ! op]ation ( sal9e bodies ^u ! kidneys1 & _! decomposition by ! dige/ive organs1 :i* ,i consid]$ z capable ( ?r[+ "s light ^u ! m$ic9al op]ation ( ^! bodies4 ,hav+1 h[ev]1 9 ! pres5t edition ( my "w devot$ a *apt] to ! consid]ation ( ,diuretics1 ,i h necess>ily remov$ all my g5]al obs]vations ^u ?is subject to t "p ( ! "w2 ,i !re=e entreat ! read] to ref] to ! fir/ "p1 page #ic4 ,alib]t1 9 speak+ ( ! diuretic virtues ( ?is salt1 says t x is s well suit$ to ! s5sibility ( ! ,absorb5ts t its adm9i/ration is frequ5tly foll[$ by v salut>y effects4 7,elm5s de ,?rapeutique1 vol4 i4 p4 #cbg47 ,,adult]ations4 ,t>trate ( potass is discov]$ by add+ a solution ( t>t>ic acid1 :i* w occasion ) x a copi\s precipitate2 ! sulphates1 by _! =m+ ) acetate ( lead1 or muriate ( b>yta1 precipitates insoluble 9 acetic or muriatic acid4 ,! br[n t+e :i* x frequ5tly exhibits dep5ds ^u ! same cause z t :i* usually imp>ts col\r to ! ,liquor4 ,ammon4 ,acet4 ,?is salt is also sometimes contam9at$ ) lead1 :i* arises f its hav+ be5 prep>$ by decompos+ ! acetate ( lead by means ( c>bonate ( potass4 ,,potass ,,c>bonas4 ,l4,e4 ,c>bonate ( ,potass4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 cry/als :i* are f\r-sid$ prisms ) dih$ral summits1 p]man5t 9 ! air2 ,ta/e1 slightly alkal9e )\t acrimony4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x is a bi-c>bonate1 consi/+ ( two proportionals ( c>bonic acid & "o proportional ( potass2 & 9 its cry/all9e =m1 x also conta9s wat] equal to "o proportional4 ,,solubility4 ,x is soluble 9 #d p>ts ( cold1 & 9 ?s ( its weight ( boil+ wat]1 9 :i* x is p>tially decompos$1 c>bonic acid be+ emitt$ dur+ ! solution2 x is q insoluble 9 alcohol4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,9 cases :]e an alkali is indicat$1 ?is prep>ation (f]s an agreeable & effici5t rem$y2 & exp]i5ce has %ewn t its additional proportion ( c>bonic acid does n 9 ! lea/ invalidate its alkal9e ag5cy4 ,9 disord]$ /ates ( ! dige/ive functions1 alkalies frequ5tly act ) surpris+ effect2 9 calcul\s affections _! value has be5 already notic$ 7see ,liquor ,potass71 & ! /oma* appe>s to be> ! protract$ exhibition ( ! c>bonate ( potass or soda1 ) m temp] ?an x does t ( any o!r alkal9e comb9ation2 & on acc\nt ( ! increas$ quantity ( c>bonic acid :i* ?is salt conta9s1 x is pref]able = eff]vesc+ draughts4 7,see ,acid4 ,citric4 & ,=m4 #abc1 #afh47 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,acids & acidul\s salts2 borax2 muriate ( ammonia2 acetate ( ammonia2 alum2 sulphate ( magnesia2 lime wat]2 nitrate ( silv]2 ammoniat$ copp]2 muriate ( iron2 sub-muriate & oxy-muriate ( m]cury2 acetate ( lead2 t>t>iz$ antimony2 t>t>iz$ iron2 ! sulphates ( z9c1 copp]1 iron1 c4 ,,dose1 grs4 x to ss4 ,,potass ,,nitras4 ,l4,e4 ,,nitrum4 ,d4 ,nitre or ,salt ,petre4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 cry/als :i* are six-sid$ prisms usually t]m9at$ by dih$ral summits4 ,ta/e1 bitt] & %>p ) a s5sation ( cold4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x consi/s ( "o proportional ( nitric acid1 & "o proportional ( potass4 ,,solubility4 ,x dissolves 9 sev5 p>ts ( wat] at #fj1 & 9 its own weight at #bab4 ,its solubility is consid]ably increas$ by add+ muriate ( soda to ! wat]2 its solution is att5d$ ) a great r$uction ( temp]ature2 x is q insoluble 9 alcohol4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,alum2 sulphate ( magnesia2 sulphuric acid2 ! sulphates ( z9c1 copp]1 & iron2 accord+ to ! usual laws ( aff9ity1 x %\ld be also decompos$ by sulphate ( soda2 ?is h[ev] only takes place at ! temp]ature ( #cb1 & !n b p>tially4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,refrig]ant1 9 :i* case ! draught %\ld be swall[$ imm$iately aft] ! solution ( ! salt is complete1 = if x be all[$ to /& = "s "t1 its effect ) reg>d to cool+ is n ne>ly s evid5t 7see ,=m4 #ach1 #add72 z a diuretic1 its p[]s are too inconsid]able to be employ$1 except 9 comb9ation 7,=m4 #ajb1 #aji1 #aae1 #agj72 a solution ( j to fvj ( rose wat] =ms a good det]g5t g>gle1 & a small portion all[$ to dissolve sl[ly 9 ! m\?1 w frequ5tly remove an incipi5t inflammation ( ! tonsils3 = its modus op]&i z a diuretic1 see ,potass ,acetas4 ,,dose1 grs4 x to xv1 z a diuretic or refrig]ant2 grs4 xxv to xl are ap]i5t1 & 9 l>ge doses x excites vomit+1 bloody /ools1 convulsions1 & ev5 dea?4 ,! be/ antidotes are opium & aromatics4 ,,impurities4 ,z x occurs f ! h& ( nature x is f> f pure1 & ev5 by art x is fre$ ) difficulty f sea salt2 ! pres5ce & quantity ( :i* 9 any specim51 may be le>nt by add+ nitrate ( silv] to its solution z long z any precipitate is produc$4 ,,potass ,,sub-,,c>bonas4 ,l4,e4 ,,sub-,,c>bonas ,,kali4 ,e4 ,kali ,prp>atum1 ,p4,l4 #aghg4 ,sal ,abs9?ii4 ,sal ,t>t>i4 #agde4 ,be=e ! nature ( ?is salt 0 well und]/ood1 x receiv$ v>i\s appellations accord+ to ! diff]5t me?ods by :i* x 0 procur$1 & x 0 suppos$ to possess z _m diff]5t virtues1 z ,salt ( ,wormwood1 ,salt ( ,t>t>1 ,salt ( ,bean ,/alks1 c4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 co>se :ite gra9s1 s deliquesc5t1 t by exposure to air !y =m a d5se solution1 7,oleum ,t>t>i p] deliquium1 ,p4,l4 #agbj47 ,ta/e1 alkal9e & ur9\s4#faj ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,?is salt1 al?\gh f> f be+ pure1 is suffici5tly s = e ph>maceutical purpose4 ,x consi/s ( "o proportional ( acid & "o proportional ( potass1 ) v>iable quantities ( sulphate ( potass1 muriate ( potass1 silice\s e>?1 alum9a1 toge!r ) ! oxides ( iron1 & manganese4 ,,solubility4 ,x is dissolv$ by twice its weight ( wat]2 ! residue1 if any1 may be consid]$ z impurity2 x is insoluble 9 alcohol2 ) oils x comb9es1 & =ms soaps4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,!y are enum]at$ "u ,potass ,c>bonas4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,antacid1 & diuretic1 7,=m4 #aja1 #ajg1 #abi71 b x is f> less pleasant ?an ! c>bonate2 x is pr9cipally us$ = mak+ sal9e draughts1 see ,acid4 ,citric4 & ,=m4 #ajg4 ,,dose1 grs4 x to ss4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,potass ,acetas1 ,l4,e4,d4 7,i7 ,liquor ,potass ,l4,e4,d4 7,k7 ,potass ,sulphuretum 7,i7 ,l4,e4,d4 ,potass ,t>t4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,i7 ,liquor ,ars5icalis 7,i4,l47 ,,adult]ations4 ,its degree ( purity may be e/imat$ by ! quantity ( nitric acid1 ( a giv5 d5sity1 requisite = ! saturation ( a giv5 weight4 ,! pure/ sub-c>bonate is t obta9$ by inc9]at+ cream ( t>t>1 s9ce mo/ ( ! impurities are decompos$ by ! heat dur+ ! process1 7,sub-c>bonas ,potass ,purissimus4 ,e472 x h[ev] g5]ally conta9s lime4 ,,potass ,,sulphas4 ,l4,e4 ,,sulphas ,,kali4 ,d4 ,kali ,vitriolatum1 ,p4,l4 #aghg4 ,t>t>um ,vitriolatum1 #agde1 & #agbj4 ,sal de duobus1 c4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 cry/als :i* are "r rectangul> 7b n squ>e7 prisms1 modifi$ on ! edges & angles2 or d\ble six-sid$ pyramids ) %ort int]v5+ prisms1 :i* are macles1 or hemitrope cry/als2 !y are slightly effloresc5t1 & :5 heat$ !y decrepitate4 ,,solubility4 fj ( wat] dissolves only grs4 #bd3 ! salt is insoluble 9 alcohol4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,x is p>tially decompos$ by ! nitric & muriatic acids1 9 :i* case1 a portion ( ! base be+ saturat$1 a correspond+ portion ( bi-sulphate results2 ?is fact illu/rates a *emical law ( "s importance1 viz4 t a sub/ance less weakly attract$ by ano!r ?an a ?ird1 w sometimes precipitate ?is ?ird f its comb9ation ) ! second1 9 cases :]e9 a sup]1 or sub-salt is readily =m$4#faa ,! hi/ory ( t>trate ( potass w furni% f>!r illu/rations4 ,see page #ahc4 ,sulphate ( potass1 :5 9 solution1 is entirely decompos$ by lime & its comp\nds2 by oxy-muriate ( m]cury2 nitrate ( silv]2 & by acetate & sub-acetate ( lead4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,on acc\nt ( its insolubility1 x does n possess mu* activity z a purgative1 b is said to be p[]fully deob/ru5t2 x %\ld be exhibit$ 9 ! =m ( p[d]1 & 9 conjunction ) rhub>b1 or "s o!r purgative m$ic9e4 ,,dose1 grs4 x to ss4 ,=m4 #id4 ,f its h>dness & insolubility1 x is a mo/ eligible sub/ance = triturat+ & divid+ p[d]s4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,pulv4 ,ipecac4 co4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,m7 ,"u ! "n ,sulphas ,potass cum ,sulphure1 ! ,ed9burgh college reta9s ! prep>ation =m]ly kn[n by ! "n ,sal ,polycre/ 7,salt ( _m virtues72 & z x is produc$ by deflagrat+ nitre ) sulphur1 ! product1 besides sulphate ( potass1 conta9s bi-sulphate & sulphuret ( potass4 ,x possesses no sup]iority ov] ! common sulphate4 ,,potass ,,sup]-,,sulphas4 ,l4 ,sal ,enixum ( ,comm]ce4 ,,qualities4 ,cry/als1 long hexangul> prisms2 ,ta/e1 s\r & slightly bitt]4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x is a bi-sulphate1 consi/+ ( two proportionals ( acid1 & "o proportional ( base4 ,,solubility4 ,x is soluble 9 twice its weight ( wat]1 z well z 9 alcohol4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x af=ds a conv5i5t mode ( exhibit+ sulphuric acid comb9$ ) a sal9e purgative1 9 a solid =m2 z x is m soluble1 s is x m active ?an ! sulphate4 ,,dose1 grs4 x to ij4 ,x =ms a grateful adjunct to rhub>b4 ,see ,=m4 #he4 ,,potass ,,sulphuretum4 ,l4,e4 ,,sulphuretum ,,kali4 ,d4 ,kali ,sulphuretum1 ,p4,l4 #aghg4 ,hep> ,sulphuris4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 a h>d brittle mass2 ,col\r1 liv] br[n1 h5ce ! old "n ( hep>2 ,ta/e1 acrid & bitt]2 ,od\r1 none :5 dry1 b if moi/5$1 x yields ! /5* ( sulphurett$ hydrog54 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,i consid] ?is sub/ance z a mixture ( ,sulphate ( ,potass1 ) v>iable quantities ( ,sulphuret & ,bi-,sulphuret ( ,potassium4#fab ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,x is in/antly decompos$ by wat]1 ! oxyg5 ( :i* =ms ,potass ) ! ,potassium2 :ile its hydrog51 comb9+ ) ! sulphur1 produces ,sulphurett$ hydrog51 "p ( :i* escapes1 & ano!r "p =ms1 ) ! excess ( ,sulphur1 ,bi-,sulphurett$ hydrog52 ?is latt] body unit+ ) ! base1 produces :at has be5 t]m$ an ,hydrogurett$ ,sulphuret1 b :i* might be m prop]ly call$ an ,hydro-bi-,sulphuret2 ^u add+ an acid to ! solution1 a quantity ( ,sulphur is ?r[n d[n1 ,sulphurett$ hydrog5 is evolv$1 & a salt ( ,potass rema9s 9 solution4 ,metallic salts also decompose x1 ! metal fall+ d[n z a ,sulphuret1 or ,hydro-sulphuret4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,x pres5ts u ) a =m 9 :i* sulphur is soluble 9 wat]2 x is diaphoretic1 & has be5 f\nd advantage\s 9 cutane\s affections1 7,=m4 #aah17 & 9 ar?ritic & rheumatic compla9ts2 :ile1 f its kn[n *emical action on metallic salts1 x has be5 propos$ z an antidote to su* poisons4 ,its solution has be5 lately recomm5d$ z a lotion = ! it* ( infants1 & 9 "s cases x has be5 kn[n to succe$ aft] ! sulphur o9tm5t _h fail$4#fac ,,potass ,,sup]-,,t>tras4 ,l4,e4 ,,t>t>um ,,cry/alli4 ,e4 ,sup]-,t>trate ( ,potass4 ,cry/als ( ,t>t>4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 small irregul> brittle cry/als1 :i* :5 r$uc$ to p[d] are t]m$ cream ( t>t>4 ,ta/e1 h>% & acid4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x is a bi-t>trate1 consi/+ ( two proportionals ( acid & "o proportional ( potass4 ,solubility4 ,x requires #abj p>ts ( wat] at #fj1 & #cj p>ts at #bab1 = its solution2 x is slightly soluble 9 alcohol4 ,! wat]y solution ( ?is salt 0 fir/ obs]v$ by ,b]?ollet to und]go a spontane\s decomposition by keep+1 dur+ :i* a muc\s matt] is deposit$1 & !re rema9s a solution ( c>bonate ( potass col\r$ ) a little oil4 ,x has long be5 reg>d$ a ph>maceutical desid]atum to increase ! solubility ( cream ( t>t>2 ,vogel discov]$ t x might be accompli%$ by comb9+ x ) boracic acid1 & accord+ly a =mula has be5 introduc$ into ! ,codex ,m$icam5t>ius ( ,p>is1 = prep>+ a 8,t>tras ,acidulus ,potass ,solubilis1 admixto ,acido ,boracico40 ,! foll[+ is ! process4 ,let ?irty p>ts ( boracic acid1 & tw5ty p>ts ( di/ill$ wat] be heat$ toge!r 9 a silv] di%2 z soon z ?is has be5 effect$1 add1 9 divid$ portions1 #abj p>ts ( sup]-t>trate ( potass1 tak+ c>e to %ake ! mixture cont9ually2 ! :ole w soon liquefy1 78mire liquesc5t107 & by cont9u+ ! heat1 a pulv]ul5t mass w result4 ,z x is extremely deliquesc5t x mu/ be c>efully pres]v$ f ! contact ( ! air2 x dissolves 9 its own weight ( wat] at #ee1 & 9 half its weight at #bab4 ,x is probable t ! result is a new salt1 9 :i* ! boracic & t>t>ic acids exi/ 9 comb9ation1#fad b grant ev5 t ! *emical id5tity ( ! sup]-t>trate is pres]v$ inviolate 9 ! comp\nd1 ,i w\ld ask :at m$ical advantage c possibly att5d ! discov]y8 ,! peculi> value ( cream ( t>t> dep5ds d\btless ^u its comp>ative insolubility1 z ,i h already /at$ at page #agc2 modify ?is1 & y w in/antly *ange ! m$ic9al effects ( ! salt2 = l ! neutral t>trate x w act ^u ! b[els1 & !re=e cease to und]go ^? *anges 9 transitu :i* are ess5tial to its *>act]i/ic op]ation4 ,alum also has be5 obs]v$ by ,b]?ollet to h 9 "s measure ! same effect 9 increas+ ! solubility ( cream ( t>t>4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,alkalies & alkal9e e>?s2 ! m9]al acids1 c4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,9 doses ( iv to vj1 x acts z a hydragogue ca?>tic1 produc+ a consid]able dis*>ge ( s]\s fluid into ! inte/9es2 :5 h[ev] x is (t5 repeat$1 x is liable to occasion debility ( ! dige/ive organs1 & consequ5t emaciation3 9 small] doses x acts z a diuretic4 7,=m4 #aab47 j 9 oj ( boil+ wat]1 flav\r$ ) lemon peel & sug>1 =ms :5 cool an agreeable bev]age well kn[n by ! "n ( ,imp]ial4 ,a ,cream ( ,t>t> ,:ey may be made1 by add+ to a p9t ( milk 7:5 x beg9s to boil7 ij ( ,cream ( ,t>t>2 ! pan mu/ !n be remov$ f ! fire1 ! :ole suff]$ to cool1 & ! :ey sep>at$ f ! curd by /ra9+2 ?is :ey1 dilut$ ) w>m wat]1 furni%es an excell5t dr9k 9 ,dropsy4 ,z x decomposes ! c>bonate ( potass1 ! union ( ^! salts w af=d a v pleasant purgative draught4 7,=m4 #hb47 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,pulv4 ,jalap4 comp4 ,e4 7,,bm7 ,pulv4 ,scammon4 ,e4 ,pulv4 ,s5n comp4 ,l4 ,f]rum ,t>t>izatum1 ,l4 7,i7 ,antimonium ,t>t>izatum ,l4,e4 ,d4 7,i7 ,soda ,t>t>izata1 ,l4,e4,d4 7,i7 ,,adult]ations4 ,sup]-sulphate ( potass 7,sal ,enixum17 is ! sub/ance ) :i* t>t> is usually adult]at$2 x may be detect$ by its sup]ior solubility1 & by ! solution af=d+ ) muriate ( b>yta a precipitate insoluble 9 muriatic acid4#fae ,,potass ,,t>tras4 ,l4 ,,t>tras ,,potass4 ,olim1 ,t>t>um ,solubile4 ,e4 ,,t>tras ,,kali4 ,d4 ,kali ,t>t>izatum4 ,p4,l4 #aghg4 ,t>t>um ,solubile4 ,p4,l4 #agde4 ,,qualities4 ,=m2 ?is salt1 al?\gh ord]$ to be cry/alliz$1 is g5]ally kept 9 its granul> =m4 ,ta/e1 bitt] & cool4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x consi/s ( "o proportional ( acid1 & "o proportional ( base4 ,,solubility4 ,:5 9 its cry/all9e =m x is soluble 9 its own weight ( wat]1 b 9 its ord9>y granul> =m1 #d p>ts are requir$ = its solution2 h5ce1 comp>$ ) ! insoluble sup]-t>trate1 x has ju/ly acquir$ ! "n ( soluble t>t>2 :5 long kept 9 solution1 its acid is decompos$1 & its alkali rema9s 9 a /ate ( a sub-c>bonate4 ,x is also readily soluble 9 alcohol4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,magnesia1 b>yta1 & lime2 acetate & sub-acetate ( lead1 & nitrate ( silv] decompose x4 ,all acids1 ev5 ! c>bonic1#faf & acidul\s salts1 tam>9ds1 & o!r sub-acid vegetables1 by neutraliz+ a proportion ( ! base1 conv]t x into ! /ate ( sup]-t>trate2 ?is fact (f]s ano!r illu/ration ( ! *emical law ( aff9ity1 expla9$ "u ! head ( sulphate ( potass4 ,! practition] %\ld be> ?is 9 8 recollection1 = ,i h frequ5tly se5 a dose ( soluble t>t> direct$ 9 ! acidulat$ infusion ( roses2 ! result 0 ( c\rse v diff]5t f t :i* ! au?or ( ! prescription int5d$ to produce4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x is a mild & effici5t purgative1 & =ms a v valuable adjunct to res9\s purgatives or to s5na1 ! grip+ prop]ties ( :i* x corrects by accel]at+ _! op]ation4 ,=m4 #gj4 ,,dose1 j to j1 9 solution4 ,,pulv]es4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,p[d]s4 ,= ! adm9i/ration & advantages ( ?is =m ( prep>ation1 see page #aij4 ,! foll[+ ,(fic9al ,=mul (f] "s valuable comb9ations4 ,,pulvis ,,aloes ,,compositus4 ,l4 ,pulvis ,aloes cum ,guaiaco4 ,d4 ,x consi/s ( aloes ?ree p>ts1 guaiacum two 7,g71 & comp\nd p[d] ( c9namon "o "p 7,o74 ,x comb9es sudorific & purgative effects4 ,dose1 grs4 x to j4 ,see ,=m4 #hj4 ,,pulvis ,,aloes ,,cum ,,canella4 ,d4 & ,p4,l4 #ahjg4 ,aloes f\r p>ts1 :ite canella 7,e7 "o "p4 ,x is kn[n 9 ! %ops by ! "n ( ,hi]a ,picra4 ,! comp\nd is m adapt$ = ! =m ( pills ?an t ( p[d]4 ,x is v g5]ally us$ by ! l[] classes1 infus$ 9 g94 ,dose1 grs4 x to j4 ,,pulvis ,,antimonialis4 ,l4,d4 ,oxidum ,antimonii cum phosphate ,calcis4 ,e4 ,?is prep>ation 0 introduc$ into ! ,ph>macopia1 z ! succ$aneum ( ! celebrat$ fev] p[d] ( ,dr4 ,james1 ! composition ( :i* 0 asc]ta9$ by ,dr4 ,george ,pe>son4 7,phil4 ,trans4 lxxxi4 #cag47 ,x consi/s ( #dc p>ts ( ! phosphate ( lime1 mix$1 or p]haps *emically comb9$1 ) #eg p>ts ( oxide ( antimony1 ( :i* a portion is vitrifi$2 & x is probable1 t ! diff]5ce ( ! two rem$ies dep5ds pr9cipally ^u ! quantity ( oxide :i* is vitrifi$3 ! specification ( ! orig9al m$ic9e is word$ ) all ! ambiguity ( an anci5t oracle1 & _c be prep>$ by ! process z x is describ$4#fag ,exp]i5ce has e/abli%$ ! fact1 t ,james's ,p[d] is less active ?an its imitation2 x affects ! b[els & /oma* v slightly1 & passes (f m readily by p]spiration2 9 g5]al h[ev] ! diff]5ce is s inconsid]able1 t we ne$ n regret ! want ( ! orig9al receipt4#fah ,z x is q insoluble 9 wat]1 x %\ld be giv5 9 p[d]1 or made into pills4 ,x is diaphoretic1 alt]ative1 emetic1 or purgative1 accord+ to ! ext5t ( ! dose & ! /ate ( ! pati5t2 9 comb9ation x (f]s sev]al valuable res\rces to ! intellig5t practition]4 7,see ,=m4 #aai1 #aba1 #abe1 #abi1 #acd47 ,b x may be fairly que/ion$ :e!r ?is rem$y has n be5 f> too highly appreciat$4 ,dr4 ,james 0 c]ta9ly v successful 9 its use1 b x mu/ n be =gott5 t he usually comb9$ x ) "s m]curial1 & always foll[$ x up ) l>ge doses ( b>k4 ,,pulvis ,,c9namomi ,,compositus4 ,l4 ,c9namon b>k f\r1 c>damom se$s 7,b7 ?ree1 g+] root 7,b7 two1 long pepp] 7,b7 "o "p4 ,x is pr9cipally us$ to give w>m? to o!r prep>ations1 e4 g4 ,pulv4 ,aloes4 comp4 ,l4,d4 ,,pulvis ,,contray]v ,,compositus4 ,l4 ,contray]va1 five1 prep>$ %ells1 eighte5 p>ts 7,m74 ,dose1 grs4 x4 to xl4 ,x is said to be /imulant & diaphoretic4 ,,pulvis ,,cornu ,,u/i ,,cum ,,opio4 ,l4 ,opium "o "p1 burnt h>t%orn eight1 p[d]$ co*9eal "o "p4 ,t5 gra9s conta9 "o ( opium4 ,,pulvis ,,cret ,,compositus4 ,prep>$ *alk twelve p>ts1 torm5til root 7,g71 acacia gum 7,m71 ( ea* six1 c9namon b>k eight 7,e71 long pepp] 7,e7 "o "p4 ,x is antacid1 a/r+5t1 & c>m9ative4 ,dose1 grs4 v to j4 ,,pulvis ,,cret ,,compositus ,,cum ,,opio4 ,l4 ,comp\nd p[d] ( *alk ?irty-n9e p>ts1 opium "o "p4 ,=m4 #aea4 ,pulvis ,ipecacuanh ,compositus4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,ipecacuan "o "p1 opium 7,h7 "o "p1 sulphate ( potass 7,m7 eight p>ts4 ,?is comb9ation has be5 long e/abli%$ 9 practice1 z a valuable sudorific1 "u ! "n ( ,dov]'s ,p[d]4 ,x af=ds "o ( ! be/ examples ( ! p[] :i* "o m$ic9e possesses ( s *ang+ ! action ( ano!r1 z to produce a rem$y ( new prop]ties2 9 ?is comb9ation ! opium is s modifi$1 t x may be giv5 ) p]fect safety & advantage 9 inflammatory affections accompani$ ) increas$ vascul> action3 x w\ld seem t :il/ ! opium increases ! =ce ( ! circulation1 ! ipecacuan relaxes ! exhalant vessels1 & causes a copi\s diaphoresis3 ! sulphate ( potass is also an important +r$i5t1 = exp]i5ce has fully prov$ t ipecacuan & opium1 9 ! same proportions1 h n s p[]ful an effect )\t x2 its action mu/ be purely me*anical1 divid+ & mix+ ! active p>ticles m intimately1 & x appe>s t ! success ( ! rem$y dep5ds v mu* ^u its be+ f9ely p[d]$4 ,dose1 grs4 v4 to j1 diffus$ 9 gruel1 or 9 ! =m ( a bolus4 7,see ,=m4 #abj1 #aba1 #abb47 ,! sal9e con/itu5t 9 ! orig9al ,dov]'s ,p[d]1 0 ! result ( ! deflagration ( nitre1 & 0 !re=e deliquesc5t2 its dose 0 z mu* z f #dj to #gj gra9s4 ,9 ! ,codex ( ,p>is1 ?is comp\nd is direct$ to be prep>$ by melt+ toge!r f\r p>ts ( sulphate ( potass1 ) an equal proportion ( nitrate ( potass2 to :i* :5 ne>ly cold is to be add$1 & well mix$ by triture1 "o "p ( pulv]iz$ extract ( opium2 ! p[d]s ( ipecacuan & liquorice root1 ( ea* "o "p1 are to be add$ la/4 ,x is evid5t t ! proportions ( opium & ipecacuan 9 ?is comb9ation1 are less ?an ^? 9 ours1 & yet x is said to be m p[]fully diaphoretic on acc\nt ( ! nitre4 ,an arrangem5t1 :i* is indebt$ = its m$ic9al virtue to a simil> mode ( op]ation1 is pres5t$ 9 ,=m4 #acj4 ,,pulvis ,,scammoni ,,compositus4 ,l4 ,scammony & h>d extract ( jalap1 ( ea* f\r p>ts1 g+] root 7,e7 "o "p4 ,! ,ed9burgh prep>ation ( ! same "n diff]s v mat]ially 9 composition1 its +r$i5ts be+ scammony & cream ( t>t> 9 equal p>ts4 ,,pulvis ,,tragacan? ,,compositus4 ,l4 ,p[d]$ ,tragacan?1 acacia gum1 & />*1 ( ea* "o "p2 ref9$ sug>1 two p>ts4 ,f :at has be5 already /at$ "u ! head ( mucilage ( tragacan?1 x appe>s to be a sup]flu\s1 if n an injudici\s demulc5t2 & s9ce />* is insoluble 9 cold wat]1 ! object = introduc+ x is n v obvi\s4 ,=m4 #abj4 ,p[d]s %\ld be pres]v$ 9 opaque gre5 bottles1 z !y are mat]ially affect$ by ! action ( light & air4 ,_m ( ! comp\nd ones %\ld be consid]$ z extemporane\s1 & ought to be prep>$ only :5 !y are requir$4 ,! practition] is also caution$ aga9/ pur*as+ any m$ic9e 9 its p[d]$ =m1 = s univ]sal is ! sy/em ( adult]ation1 t regul> =mul are obs]v$ 9 ! :olesale h\ses = sophi/icat+ p[d]s1 & ,mr4 ,gray1 9 8 8,supplem5t to ! ,ph>macopias10 has giv5 sev]al specim5s1 "u ! title ( 8,pulv]es ,r$ucti40 ,,pyre?ri ,,radix4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,an!mis ,pyre?rum4 ,radix47 ,pellitory ,root4 ,,qualities4 ,! dri$ root is inodor\s1 b ^u be+ *ew$1 x soon produces a pung5t & peculi> s5sation4 ,,solubility4 ,alcohol1 !r1 & boil+ wat] extract its virtues4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,m4 ,gauti] has lately %ewn t ! peculi> pung5cy ( ! root dep5ds on a fix$ oil1 :i* resides 9 vesicles 9 ! b>k4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,z a sialagogue1 especially 9 cases ( too?-a*e1 & 9 p>alysis ( ! tongue & muscles ( ! ?roat4 7,=m4 #adc47 ,x also con/itutes ! basis ( a v valuable g>gle1 9 use at ,/4 ,b>?olomew's ,hospital1 = relaxation ( ! uvula & s(t palate1 z well z 9 c]ta9 cases ( deafness dep5d+ ^u an enl>g$ /ate ( ! tonsils4 ,x is made by boil+ ss ( ! bruis$ root 9 oj ( di/ill$ wat]1 until ! fluid is r$uc$ to "o half2 to :i*1 :5 /ra9$ & cold1 fij ( ,liquor ,ammoni are to be add$4 ,,pyrola ,,umbellata4#fai ,gr\nd ,holly4 ,al?\gh ?is plant has n yet f\nd its way into ! mat]ia m$ica ( ! ,ph>macopia1 its cr$it$ virtues entitle x to "s notice 9 ! pres5t "w4 ,x 0 fir/ br\ght into repute 9 ?is c\ntry by ,dr4 ,som]ville 7,m$3 ,*irug3 ,trans3 ,vol4 #e74 ,x is bitt]1 & consi/s ( ,res91 gum-res91 tann91 & bitt] extractive4 ,alcohol & pro( _s are its be/ m5/rua1 b ! wat]y infusion appe>s to conta9 all ! virtues ( ! plant4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x is said to be diuretic1 tonic1 & deob/ru5t2 !re is1 h[ev]1 no evid5ce to %ew t x acts1 specifically1 on any o!r ?an ! ur9>y organs4 ,dr4 ,ives1 9 ! ,am]ican edition ( ! pres5t "w1 says1 t z a diuretic m$ic9e x has unque/ionable m]it1 & t x w frequ5tly mitigate symptoms ( gravel1 & /rangury proce$+ f o!r causes2 he does n1 h[ev]1 agree ) ,dr4 ,b>ton1 9 consid]+ x ,antili?ic4 ,he has also giv5 x1 alt]nately ) ! ,uva ,ursi1 9 hmaturia2 ! effects ( sev]e & long cont9u$ gonorrhal inflammation1 ) ! mo/ obvi\s b5efit1 & he consid]s x v analog\s 9 its op]ation to ! ,uva ,ursi4 ,9 "s in/ances x has appe>$ to af=d great relief 9 *ronic cutane\s diseases4 ,fur!r obs]vation is necess>y to def9e ! mode & ext5t ( its m$ic9al op]ation1 b !re is no haz>d 9 say+ t x is a m$ic9e possess+ consid]able activity4 ,dr4 ,b>ton obs]ves t ?is plant1 l ,uva ,ursi1 occasionally imp>ts a black t+e to ! ur9e4 ,,dose i to ij ( ! t9cture2 fij to fiv ( ! infusion1 prep>$ by p\r+ a p9t ( boil+ wat] ^u j ( ! /alks & leaves4 ,,quassia4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,quassia ,excelsa4 ,lignum47 ,quassia4 ,?is wood owes all its prop]ties to a peculi> bitt] pr9ciple1 :i* has be5 exam9$ by ,dr4 ,?omson & nam$ ,quass92 x is solid1 slightly transp>5t1 & ( a yell[i%-br[n col\r4 7,see ,infusum ,quassi47 ,x is said to owe its "n to a ,we/ ,indian negro1 call$ ,quassi1 :o fir/ us$ x 9 fev]s4 ,,qu]cus ,,cortex4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,qu]cus ,p$unculata4 ,cortex47 ,oak ,b>k4 ,,qualities4 ,od\r1 none2 ta/e1 r\gh & a/r+5t4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,we are indebt$ to ,sir ,h4 ,davy = a k ( ?is subject2 he f\nd t an ounce ( ! inn] cortical "p ( "y oak b>k af=d$ by lixivation #aaa gra9s ( solid matt]1 ( :i* #gg 7 tann92 & ! cellul> integum5t1 or middle-col\r$ "p1 only yield$ #dc gra9s ( solid matt]1 ( :i* #ai 7 tann92 & ! epid]mis furni%$ sc>cely any quantity ( tann9 or extractive2 h5ce ! b>k %\ld be select$ f ! small] bran*es ( ! oak :]e ! epid]mis is /ill ?94 ,exp]i5ce has1 moreov]1 %ewn t ! quantity ( tann9 v>ies consid]ably1 n only accord+ to ! age & size ( ! trees1 b accord+ to ! season at :i* !y are b>k$2 ?us1 ! b>k cut 9 spr+ conta9s1 accord+ to ,begu91#fbj f\r times m ( ! a/r+5t pr9ciple1 ?an t :i* is obta9$ 9 w9t]4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,all its prop]ties dep5d ^u ! pres5ce ( tann91 x is !re=e only valuable z a p[]ful a/r+5t2 x is accord+ly employ$ to *eck inord9ate dis*>ges1 see ,decoctum ,qu]cus4 ,oak b>k is sometimes adm9i/]$ 9 ! =m ( p[d]1 comb9$ ) g+] & o!r aromatics1 & bitt]s1 = ! cure ( int]mitt5ts1 & x has frequ5tly succe$$1 b see page #afg4 ,dose1 j to ss4 ,9 ! =m ( p\ltice ?is p[d] is said to h prov$ highly useful to gangr5\s sores4 ,its inhalation has also be5 suppos$ to prove b5eficial 9 consumption2 a /rik+ case is relat$ by ,dr4 ,eb]le ( a man :o _h lab\r$ "u ! usual symptoms ( confirm$ ,ph?isis1 & :o1 at ! "t he w5t to gr9d 9 a b>k-mill1 0 extremely weak & emaciat$2 9 a %ort "t1 h[ev]1 ! c\gh1 night sweats1 & o!r hectic symptoms1 began to abate s5sibly1 & 9 less ?an ?ree mon?s he 0 p]fectly re/or$ to heal?4 ,,rhei ,,radix4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,rhub>b4#fba ,two v>ieties ( ?is root are kn[n 9 ! %ops1 viz4 ,turkey or ,russian1 & ,ea/ ,indian or ,*9ese4 #a4 ,,turkey or ,,russian4 7,rheum ,palmatum47 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 small r\nd pieces1 r compact & heavy1 p]=at$ 9 ! middle2 ,col\r1 lively yell[ ) /reaks ( :ite2 x is easily pulv]iz$1 af=d+ a p[d] ( a bright buff-yell[ col\r4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,gum1 res91 extractive1 tann91 gallic acid1 & a peculi> col\r+ matt]1 ) traces ( alum9a & silex2 ! :ite or fle%-col\r$ /reaks p]vad+ its sub/ance1 consi/ ( sulphate & oxalate ( lime3 accord+ to ! exp]im5ts ( ,mr4 ,john ,h5d]son1 !re is besides a peculi> vegetable acid1 to :i* he has giv5 ! "n ( ,rheumic acid1 b ,m4 de ,lassaignes has satisfactorily prov$ t ?is is no o!r ?an ! oxalic acid3 ! purgative p[]s ( ! root appe> to be intimately connect$ ) its extractive & res9\s elem5ts1 b ! subject is /ill involv$ 9 consid]able obscurity4 ,,solubility4 ,wat] at #bab takes up #bd p>ts 9 #fj1 see ,infusum ,rhei3 by decoction1 its purgative qualities are lo/1 & x becomes m bitt] & a/r+5t2 alcohol extracts #bg f #aj p>ts1 7see ,t9ct4 ,rhei47 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,9 ?is sub/ance1 ,nature pres5ts u ) a s+ul> & mo/ important comb9ation ( m$ic9al p[]s1 t ( an a/r+5t1 ) a ca?>tic prop]ty2 ! =m] ( :i* nev] opposes or int]f]es ) ! en]gy ( ! latt]1 s9ce x only takes effect :5 ! sub/ance is adm9i/]$ 9 small doses1 or if giv5 9 l>g] ones1 n until x has ceas$ to op]ate z a ca?>tic2 ?is latt] circum/ance r5d]s x p>ticul>ly eligible 9 cases ( di>rha1 z x evacuates ! (f5d+ matt] be=e x op]ates z an a/r+5t ^u ! b[els4 ,x seems to act m imm$iately ^u ! /oma* & small inte/9es1 & !re=e 9 relax$ & debilitat$ /ates ( ^! organs1 x w prove an easy & valuable res\rce2 x may1 = su* an object1 be exhibit$ 9 conjunction ) alkalies1 bitt]s1 & o!r tonics4 ,its ca?>tic prop]ty is mo/ effici5t :5 giv5 9 sub/ance4 ,x 0 =m]ly suppos$ t by toa/+ rhub>b we increas$ its a/r+5cy1 b ?is process m]ely dim9i%es its purgative =ce1 s t a l>g] dose may be tak54 ,! col\r+ matt] ( rhub>b may be detect$ 9 ! ur9e ( p]sons to :om x has be5 exhibit$2 x does n h[ev] appe> to possess any specific p[]s z a diuretic4 ,,dose1 grs4 vj to x z a tonic2 j to ss z a purgative2 ! op]ation ( :i* is consid]ably quick5$ by ! addition ( neutral salts2 ! sup]-sulphate ( potass =ms also a v useful adjunct1 & its acidul\s ta/e completely cov]s t ( ! rhub>b4 ,=m4 #hc1 #he4 ,its p[d]1 :5 spr9kl$ ^u ulc]s1 is f\nd to promote _! heal?y granulation4 ,,(f4 ,,prep4 ,infus3 ,rhei4 ,l4,e4 ,v9um ,rhei ,palmati4 ,e4 ,t9ct4 ,rhei4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,t9ct4 ,rhei4 comp4 ,l4 ,t9ct4 ,rhei cum ,ale4 ,e4 ,t9ct4 ,rhei cum ,g5tian4 ,e4 ,pil4 ,rhei comp4 ,e4 #b4 ,,ea/ ,,indian1 ,,or ,,*9ese4 7,rheum ,undulatum87#fbb ,,qualities4 ,=m1 long pieces1 sometimes flat1 z if !y _h be5 compress$2 !y are heavi]1 h>d]1 & m compact ?an ^? ( ! prec$+ species1 & are seldom p]=at$ ) holes2 ,od\r1 /rong]2 ,ta/e1 m nause\s2 :ite /reaks less num]\s1 & !y af=d a p[d] ( a r$d] %ade ?an ^? ( ,turkey rhub>b4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x diff]s f ! ,turkey 9 conta9+ less tann9 & res91 & accord+ to ! exp]im5ts ( ,mr4 ,a4 ,t4 ,?omson1 less oxalate ( lime1 9 ! ratio ( #ah to #bf4 ,x conta9s h[ev] m extractive & gallic acid4 ,,solubility4 ,wat] takes up "o half ( its weight1 b ! infusion1 al?\gh m turbid1 is n s deep col\r$ z t ( ,russian rhub>b2 alcohol extracts #d p>ts 9 #aj4 ,x habitudes ) acids1 alkalies1 & neutral salts1 diff] likewise f ^? ( ! ,russian v>iety1 z ,mr4 ,a4 ,t4 ,?omson has exhibit$ 9 a v satisfactory mann]4 7,london ,disp5satory1 ,edit4 #c1 p4 #dgd47 ,,adult]ations4 ,! inf]ior k9ds ( ,russian1 ,ea/ ,indian1 & ev5 ,engli% rhub>b1 are artfully dress$ up & sold "u ! "n ( ,turkey rhub>b4 ,i am well in=m$ t a numb] ( p]sons 9 ?is t[n1 kn[n 9 ! trade by ! "n ( ,russifi]s1 ga9 a regul> livelihood by ! art ( dress+ ?is article1 by bor+1 rasp+1 & !n col\r+ ! inf]ior k9ds2 = :i* !y *>ge at ! rate ( eighte5-p5ce p] p\nd4 ,! g5]al indications ( good rhub>b are1 its :iti% or cle> yell[ col\r1 & its possess+ ! o!r *>act]i/ic prop]ties z above m5tion$2 x ought also to possess 9 an em95t degree ! peculi> od\r1 = :5 ?is is dissipat$1 ! p[]s ( ! m$ic9e are ne>ly de/roy$4 ,9 ! =m ( p[d]1 rhub>b is always m or less mix$ ) =eign matt]2 ! detection ( :i* c be alone effect$ by a trial ( its efficacy4 ,,ric9i#fbc ,,oleum4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,ric9us ,communis47 ,ca/or#fbd ,oil4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 a viscid & col\rless1 or pale /raw-col\r$ oil2 x is ne>ly inodor\s1 b on be+ swall[$1 excites a slight s5sation ( acrimony 9 ! ?roat4 ,x has all ! *emical habitudes ( ! o!r express$ oils1 except ^? :i* relate to its solubility 9 alcoholic & e!real m5/rua4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x is mildly ca?>tic1 & is p>ticul>ly eligible 9 cases :]e /imulat+ purgatives w\ld prove hurtful1 b 9 ob/9ate con/ipation1 :]e copi\s evacuations are requir$1 ?is oil _c be tru/$1 x w ins9uate itself ?r\gh ! inte/9al canal1 br++ ) x a small portion ( ! m fluid cont5ts1 b leav+ beh9d x ! collection ( indurat$ fces4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,! mo/ efficaci\s mode ( adm9i/]+ x is by float+ x ^u t9cture ( s5na1 or pepp]m9t wat]1 or "s o!r simil> vehicle2 x is also sometimes giv5 ) success 9 c(fee or mutton bro?1 or susp5d$ 9 wat] by ! int]v5tion ( mucilage1 yelk ( egg 7,=m4 #ge17 or by honey1 :i* at ! same "t contributes to its laxative op]ation3 alkalies1 al?\gh !y =m an emulsion ) x1 conv]t x into a saponace\s comp\nd1 & impair its ca?>tic =ce4 ,,dose1 fss to fiss4 ,,adult]ations4 ,x is usually adult]at$ ) olive oil or poppy oil1 & :5 to a consid]able ext5t1 scammony is add$ to quick5 its op]ation4 ,!re is h[ev] a peculi>ity 9 ca/or oil :i* s]ves to di/+ui% x f e o!r fix$ oil1 viz4 its great solubility 9 rectifi$ _s2 = in/ance1 fiv ( alcohol ( #hbj w mix uni=mly ) any proportion ( ca/or oil1 :]eas x w n dissolve m ?an fj ( ,l9se$ ,oil2 & a /ill less proportion ( ! express$ oils ( almonds & ( olives2 :5 ! _s is dilut$1 its action on all ^! oils is equally dim9i%$1 s t common _s ( w9e has b little p[] ev5 ov] ca/or oil2 b "h *emi/ry aga9 int]poses its aid1 = by ! addition ( camphor1 9 ! proportion ( "o "p to eight ( _s1 _s ( #hdj is enabl$ to dissolve ca/or oil1 :il/ x has no influ5ce ^u ! o!r fix$ oils2 ca/or oil is also soluble 9 any proportion1 9 sulphuric !r ( ! specific gravity #gefc1 :ile f\r fluid-ounces ( ! same liquid w only dissolve a fluid-ounce & a qu>t] ( ! express$ oil ( ,almonds2 a fluid-ounce & a half ( t ( ,olives2 & two fluid-ounces & a half ( ,l9se$ oil4 ,vogel introduc$ a composition z a sub/itute = ?is oil1 :i* "s practition]s h greatly extoll$2 x consi/$ ( n9e gra9s ( ! extract ( ,jalap1 & ?ree gra9s ( ,v5etian soap1 triturat$ 9 a mort> ) an ounce & a half ( ,olive oil4 ,,sab9 ,,folia4 ,l4 7,junip]us ,sab9a47 ,sav9e ,leaves4 ,,qualities4 ,od\r1 heavy & disagreeable2 ,ta/e1 bitt]1 hot1 & acrimoni\s4 ,,*em4 ,,comp4 ,ess5tial oil1 :i* may be obta9$ by di/illation ) wat]2 fix$ oil1 bitt] extractive1 & res94 ,,solubility4 ,bo? wat] & alcohol extract its active pr9ciples4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x possesses highly /imulat+ prop]ties1 & has be5 us$ z a diaphoretic1 an!lm9tic1 & emm5agogue4 ,rave1 a ,g]man writ] ( great respectability1 speaks ( its use 9 *ronic rheumatism 9 ! highe/ t]ms2 ,alib]t comm5ds its an!lm9tic p[]s1 b its reputation has pr9cipally re/$ ^u its g5]ally ackn[l$g$ influ5ce ov] ! ut]us4 ,! te/imony ( ,dr4 ,home ( ,ed9burgh is /rong 9 fav\r ( its emm5agogue p[]s1 b ! adv]se op9ion ( ,dr4 ,cull5 br\ght x into disrepute4 ,x occasions a manife/ fl[ ( blood to ! ut]us1 b ?is is probably sympa!tically produc$ by its direct action on ! l>ge inte/9es2 = if giv5 9 l>ge doses x occasions great heat 9 ! prim vi1 hmorrhage1 & inflammation ( ! b[els4 ,x is !re=e inadmissible 9 all cases :i* are att5d$ ) fev]1 or mu* vascul> action4 ,:5 am5orrha dep5ds ^u a relax$ /ate ( ! g5]al sy/em1 or on an inactive & torpid condition ( ! ut]9e sy/em1 x may (t5 be employ$ ) advantage4 ,w$ek9d1 a ,g]man writ]1 extols x 9 ! treatm5t ( t atonic or relax$ /ate ( ! ut]us1 att5d$ ) an unnatural secretion & s(t swell+ ( ! ut]us1 :i* is sometimes met ) 9 wom5 :o h suff]$ mu* f repeat$ *ildbe>+1 & :i* is s g5]ally att5d$ ) a tra9 ( hy/]ic di/urbances4 ,dr4 ,eb]le says t he has occasionally employ$ x 9 cases ( ,am5orrha1 9 females ( a relax$ habit ( body2 & al?\gh sometimes )\t success1 he has _h suffici5t evid5ce ( its p[]s to e/abli% its claim to att5tion4 ,9 sev]al cases1 simil> to ^? above /at$1 ,i h employ$ ! ,sav9 ) mu* success1 b ,i h f\nd x v liable to di/urb ! /oma*1 & to produce head-a*e4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,"s practition]s h recomm5d$ t ( p[d]1 b x is almo/ impossible to pulv]ize x )\t previ\sly dry+ x at a temp]ature :i* w dissipate ! ess5tial oil1 ^u :i* its activity dep5ds4 ,! t9cture af=ds a m conv5i5t =m1 & a comp\nd t9cture =m]ly occupi$ a place 9 ! ,ph>macopia1 b has be5 ab&on$4 ,a decoction ( an ounce ( ! leaves to a p9t ( wat]1 ) ! addition ( syrup1 has be5 also recomm5d$2 an infusion1 h[ev]1 w\ld be pref]able4 ,,dose1 ( ! p[d]$ leaves f grs4 v to x2 ( ! t9cture fj2 ( ! decoction fss to fj4 ,z an ext]nal local /imulant1 or es*>otic1 ! dri$ leaves 9 p[d] are appli$ to w>ts1 flabby ulc]s1 & c>i\s bones2 & ! express$ juice dilut$1 or an infusion ( ! leaves1 z a lotion to gangr5\s sores1 scabies1 & t9ea capitis2 or mix$ ) l>d & wax z an issue o9tm5t4 ,! ,g]man writ]s speak v highly ( its effects z a p\ltice to old & ob/9ate sores4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,oleum ,volatile ,junip]i ,sab94 ,e4,d4 7! dose ( :i* is f "o to ?ree m9ims47 ,extractum ,sab94 ,d4 7a v in]t prep>ation47 ,c]atum ,sab94 ,l4 ,! exp]im5ts ( ,orfila h %ewn t ,sav9e ex]ts a local action1 b t its effects dep5d pr9cipally on its absorption2 ?r\gh :i* m$ium x acts on ! n]v\s sy/em1 ! rectum1 & ! /oma*4 ,x /ill enjoys among/ ! vulg> ! reputation ( be+ capable ( produc+ absorption4 ,,sac*>um4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,sug>4#fbe ,sug>1 z a ph>maceutical ag5t1 is employ$ = accel]at+ ! pulv]ization ( v>i\s res9\s sub/ances1 & :5 exhibit$ ) ! mo/ acrid ( !m1 x prev5ts _! adhesion to ! coats ( ! inte/9es1 by :i* !y might irritate & inflame !m2 x is also ext5sively us$ on acc\nt ( its p[] 9 pres]v+ animal#fbf & vegetable sub/ances4 7,see ,cons]v47 ,milk boil$ ) f9e sug> w keep = a great l5g? ( "t1 & might be v conv5i5tly employ$ dur+ a long voyage4 ,dr4 ,d>w9 also obs]ves t fre% meat cut into ?9 slices1 ei!r raw or boil$1 might be pres]v$ 9 co>se sug> or treacle1 & w\ld furni% a v salut>y & n\ri%+ diet to our sailors4 ,sug> ex]ts also "s *emical aff9ities :i* are highly int]e/+ to ! ph>maceutic *emi/4 ,vogel has publi%$ a pap] to %ew1 t :5 sug> is boil$ ) v>i\s metallic oxides1 & ) diff]5t metall9e salts1 x has ! prop]ty ( decompos+ !m2 sometimes r$uc+ ! oxide to ! /ate ( a metal1 & at o!rs depriv+ ! oxide only ( "o ( ! proportionals ( oxyg52 ?us sulphate ( copp] & nitrate ( m]cury are precipitat$ 9 a metallic =m1 :il/ p]oxide ( m]cury & acetate ( copp] are conv]t$ into protoxides2 corrosive sublimate is *ang$ into calomel1 b calomel is n susceptible ( any fur!r decomposition4 ,all ^? metallic salts :i* h ! p[] ( decompos+ wat] are n affect$ by sug>1 z ^? ( iron1 z9c1 t91 & manganese4 ,x appe>s1 moreov]1 t sug> has ! prop]ty ( r5d]+ "s ( ! ,e>?s soluble 9 wat]4 ,sug> 9 wat]1 at ! temp]ature ( #ej1 is capable ( dissolv+ "o half ( its weight ( lime2 ! solution ?us produc$ is ( a beautiful :ite-w9e col\r1 & has ! smell ( fre%-slack$ quick-lime4 ,x is precipitat$ f ! solution by ! c>bonic1 citric1 t>t>ic1 sulphuric1 & oxalic acids2 & x is decompos$1 by d\ble aff9ity1 by cau/ic & c>bonat$ potass & soda1 & by ! citrate1 t>trate1 & oxalate ( potass1 c4 ,! union ( sug> ) ! alkalies has be5 long kn[n1 & 9 ! decomposition ( ! solution ( lime 9 sug> by ! salts above m5tion$1 ! acid unites ) ! lime1 & ! alkal9e base =ms a comp\nd ) ! sug>4 ,,sapo4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,soap4 ,i4 ,durus4 7,hispanicus47 ,h>d1 or ,spani% ,soap4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,oil #fjid1 soda #hef1 wat] #cjej2 ! wat] is p>tially dissipat$ by be+ kept1 & ! soap !re=e becomes light]4 ,muriate ( ,soda is also an ess5tial +r$i5t#fbg ( h>d soap4 ,,solubility4 ,wat] dissolves ab\t "o-?ird ( its weight ( g5u9e soap1 & =ms a milky solution2 alcohol also dissolves x1 & af=ds a solution ne>ly transp>5t1 al?\gh some:at gelat9\s4#fbh ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 #a4 ,all acids & acidul\s salts1 :i* comb9e ) ! alkali1 & develope ! oil4 #b4 ,e>?y salts1 e4 g4 ,alum2 muriate & sulphate ( lime2 sulphate ( magnesia4 #c4 ,metallic salts4 ,nitrate ( silv]2 ammoniat$ copp]2 t9cture ( muriat$ iron2 ammoniat$ iron2 acetate1 sub-muriate1 & oxy-muriate ( m]cury2 sub-acetate ( lead2#fbi t>t>iz$ iron2 t>t>iz$ antimony2 sulphate ( z9c1 copp] & iron4 #d4 ,all a/r+5t vegetables4 #e4 ,h>d wat]4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,9 l>ge doses x is purgative2 9 small] ones1 x is decompos$ 9 transitu1 & its alkali is c>ri$ to ! kidneys2 9 ?is way x may act z a li?on?riptic2 or x may produce its effects by correct+ any acidity :i* may prevail 9 ! prim vi1 = ! weake/ acid is capable ( decompos+ soap1 & ( unit+ ) its alkal9e base2 a solution ( soap 9 lime wat] 0 long reg>d$ z "o ( ! /ronge/ solv5ts ( ur9>y calculi t c\ld be adm9i/]$ ) safety1 b ! result ( su* a mixture is an insoluble soap ( lime1 & a solution ( soda2 9 habitual con/ipation1 & 9 bili>y ob/ructions1 x is frequ5tly prescrib$ 9 conjunction ) rhub>b1 or "s bitt]2 9 :i* cases x c only act z a laxative1 or z a *emical ag5t1 9 increas+ ! solubility ( ! sub/ance ) :i* x is unit$4 ,x has be5 also giv5 9 solution z an antidote to metallic poisons1 & x is (t5 successfully inject$ z a cly/]1 9 unrel5t+ & habitual co/iv5ess2 z an ext]nal application1 x is us$ 9 ! =m ( l9im5t1 7see ,l9im5ta47 ,its ph>maceutical value1 9 =m+ pill-masses1 has already be5 consid]$ 7page #aif71 & ! foll[+ =mul af=d examples ( su* an application1 viz4 #ad1 #hj1 #aje1 #aah1 #afe4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,pil4 ,saponis cum ,opio4 ,l4 7,l74 ,pil4 ,scill comp4 ,l4 7,m74 ,pil4 ,aloet4 ,e4 7,l74 ,pil4 ,aloes et ,assaftid4 ,e4 7,i74 ,pil4 ,aloes cum ,z9zib4 ,d4 7,l74 ,pil4 ,colocyn?4 comp4 ,d4 7,l74 ,empla/4 ,saponis4 ,l4,e4 ,c]atum ,saponis4 ,l4 ,l9im5t4 ,saponis4 comp4 ,l4 ,l9im5t4 ,saponis cum ,opio4 ,l4 ,,adult]ations4 ,pulv]iz$ ,lime1 ,gypsum1 or ,pipe clay1 are sometimes add$2 b ! fraud is easily detect$ by solution 9 alcohol1 :5 ! e>?y matt]s fall d[n4 ,,ii4 ,,sapo ,,mollis4 ,s(t ,soap4 ,?is diff]s f h>d soap *iefly 9 its consi/5ce1 :i* is nev] great] ?an t ( hog's l>d3 x is transp>5t1 yell[i%1 ) small se$-l lumps ( tall[ diffus$ ?r\gh x2 ! alkali employ$ = its =mation is a ley ( potass1 in/ead ( t ( soda4 ,,s>sap>illa4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,smilax ,s>sap>illa4 ,radix47 ,s>sap>illa4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 long & sl5d] twigs1 cov]$ ) a wr9kl$ br[n b>k2 ,od\r1 none2 ,ta/e1 mucilag9\s & slightly bitt]4 ,,*emical ,,comp4 ,its virtues appe> to reside 9 fecula2 x also conta9s a v l>ge proportion ( vegetable album54 ,,solubility4 ,x communicates its active pr9ciple mo/ completely to boil+ wat]4 7,see ,decoct4 ,s>sap>ill74 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,accord+ to ,mon>des1 x 0 import$ by ! ,spani>ds into ,europe 9 #aedi1 z a specific rem$y = ! v5]eal disease2 b x soon fell into disrepute1 & s cont9u$ until ab\t ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury1 :5 x 0 aga9 br\ght into e/eem by ,hunt] & ,=dyce1 z a m$ic9e calculat$ to assi/ ! op]ation ( m]cury1 z well z to cure ^? symptoms :i* may be call$ ! sequel ( a m]curial c\rse4 ,,dose1 ( ! p[d]$ root j to j1 ?ree times a day4 ,9 select+ ! roots1 x w be "r to *oose su* z are plump1 n c>i\s1 nor too du/y on break+2 b r\gh1 & :i* easily split longitud9ally4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,decoctum ,s>sap>ill4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,decoct4 ,s>sap>ill comp3 ,l4,d4 ,extractum ,s>sap>ill4 ,l4 ,syrupus ,s>sap>ill4 ,l4 ,!re are sev]al species ( ,c>ex :i* are sub/itut$ = ,s>sap>illa4 ,! ,c4 villosa 7,g]man ,s>sap>illa7 is v commonly employ$ = ?is purpose4 ,,sassafras4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,laurus ,sassafras4 ,lignum1 ,radix1 et ,cortex47 ,! ,wood1 ,root1 & ,b>k ( ,sassafras4 ,,qualities4 ,od\r1 fragrant2 ,ta/e1 sweet & aromatic4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,! qualities ( ?is plant dep5d ^u an ess5tial oil & res94 ,,solubility4 ,its active p>ts are soluble 9 wat] & alcohol4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x is said to be diaphoretic1 & diuretic2 & has be5 employ$ 9 cases ( scurvy1 rheumatism1 & 9 v>i\s cutane\s affections2 x also =m]ly enjoy$ ! reputation ( be+ an antisyphilitic rem$y4 ,its p[]s are v que/ionable4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,oleum ,sassafras4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,decoct3 ,s>sap>ill comp4 ,l4,d4 ,decoct3 ,guaiae3 ,l4,e4,d4 ,aqua ,calcis comp3 ,d4#fcj ,,scammonia4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,convolvulus ,scammonia ,gummi-res9a47 ,,scammonium4 ,d4 ,scammony4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 blacki%-grey cakes2 ,ta/e1 bitt] & sub-acrid2 ,od\r1 heavy & peculi>2 :5 rubb$ ) wat]1 ! surface la!rs or lactifies4 ,specific gravity #abce4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,res9 is ! pr9cipal con/itu5t2 #af p>ts ( good ,aleppo ,scammony yield #aa p>ts ( res91 & #c ( wat]y extract4 ,t f ,smyrna conta9s n m ?an half ! quantity ( res91 b m extractive1 & gum4 ,,solubility4 ,wat]1 by trituration1 takes up "o-f\r?1 alcohol two-?irds1 & pro( _s dissolves all1 except ! impurities4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,nei!r acids1 metallic salts1 nor ammonia1 produce any *ange 9 its solutions1 b ! fix$ alkalies occasion yell[ precipitates2 & yet !y d n appe> to be m$ic9ally incompatible ) x2 ?us ,gaubius1 8,scammoneum acidi commixtio#fca r$dit in]tius2 alcali fixum1 contra1 adjuvat40 ,! m9]al acids appe> to de/roy a "p ( ! sub/ance1 )\t 9 ! lea/ alt]+ ! re/4 ,! discrepancy :i* exi/s 9 au?ors respect+ ! p[] ( ?is drug1 seems to h aris5 f its op]ation be+ liable to unc]ta9ty1 9 consequ5ce ( peculi> /ates ( ! alim5t>y canal2 = in/ance1 :]e ! inte/9es are l9$ ) an excess ( mucus1 x passes ?r\gh )\t produc+ any action1 b :]e ! natural mucus is defici5t1 a small dose ( scammony may irritate & ev5 inflame ! b[els4 ,9 ?is latt] case1 my practice has be5 to adm9i/] ! purgative 9 a mucilag9\s draught1 or emulsion4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x is an efficaci\s & p[]ful ca?>tic1 v eligible 9 worm cases1 & 9 ! disord]$ /ate ( ! b[els :i* s commonly occurs 9 *ildr54 ,,dose1 grs4 iij to xv1 9 ! =m ( p[d]s triturat$ ) sulphate ( potass1 sug>1 or almonds2 :5 giv5 alone1 x is apt to irritate ! fauces2 x may be also adm9i/]$ z a solution1 effect$ by triturat+ x ) a /rong decoction ( liquorice1 & /ra9+4 7,=m4 #gh1 #hc47 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,confect3 ,scammon3 ,l4,d4 ,pulv3 ,scammon3 co4 ,l4,e4 ,extract3 ,colocyn?3 co4 ,l4 7,f7 ,pulv4 ,s5n1 co4 ,l4#fcb 7,f7 ,,adult]ations4 ,two k9ds ( ,scammony are import$ into ?is c\ntry1 t f ,aleppo1 :i* is ! be/2 & t f ,smyrna1 :i* is m compact & pond]\s1 b less pure3 x is commonly mix$ ) ! express$ juice ( ! cynan*um monspeliacum2 x is also sophi/icat$ ) fl\r1 s&1 & a%es2 _! pres5ce may be detect$ by dissolv+ ! sample 9 pro( _s1 :5 ! impurities w s9k1 & rema9 undissolv$2 c>bonate ( lime is moreov] frequ5tly add$ to ,scammony1 9 :i* case ! sample w eff]vesce 9 acids3 !re is h[ev] a comp\nd be>+ ! "n ( ,scammony1 to be met ) 9 ! m>ket1 :i* is altoge!r factiti\s1 consi/+ ( jalap1 s5na1 manna1 gamboge1 & ivory black4 ,good ,scammony ought to be friable1 & :5 wett$ ) ! f+]1 x %\ld lactify1 or become milky3 & ! p[d] %\ld manife/ its *>act]i/ic od\r1 :i* has be5 comp>$ to t ( old ewe milk *eese4 ,,scill ,,radix4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,scilla ,m>itima47 ,squill ,root4 7,bulb47 ,,qualities4 ,od\r1 none2 ,ta/e1 bitt]1 nause\s1 & acrid2 :5 mu* h&l$1 x inflames1 & ulc]ates ! sk94 ,by dry+1 ! bulb loses ab\t f\r-fif?s ( its weight1 & ) v little dim9ution ( its p[]s1 provid$ t too great a heat has n be5 appli$4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,accord+ to ,vogel1 gum #f--tann9 #bd--sug> #f--;bitt] pr9ciple 7,scillit91 :i* is :ite1 transp>5t1 & breaks ) a res9\s fracture7 #ce--woody fibre #cj4 ,,solubility4 ,squill gives out its virtues s p]fectly to any ( ! ord9>y m5/rua1 z to r5d] ! =m ( its exhibition1 9 t respect1 a matt] ( indiff]5ce4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,alkalies dim9i% _! acrimony & bitt]ness1 & are probably m$ic9ally inconsi/5t ) _! diuretic qualities1 b f>!r exp]im5ts are requir$ to decide ?is "q3 vegetable acids produce no effect ^u _! s5sible qualities1 b are said to increase _! expectorant p[]4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,accord+ to ! dose1 & circum/ances "u :i* x is adm9i/]$1 x proves expectorant1 diuretic1 emetic1 or purgative2 z an expectorant1 x c nev] be employ$ :]e pulmon>y inflammation exi/s1 = 9 su* cases1 in/ead ( promot+1 x w *eck any excretion f ! lungs2 its comb9ation ) a diaphoretic w frequ5tly increase its p[]s1 & g5]ally be a measure ( judici\s caution4 ,see ,=m1 #acc1 #acd1 #ace1 #aci4 ,= ! philosophy ( its action1 ! read] mu/ ref] to ! classification ( ,expectorants1 page #ajb4 ,z a diuretic1 x seems to act by absorption1 & we accord+ly f9d1 on ! au?ority ( ,dr4 ,cull51 t :5 ! squill op]ates /rongly on ! /oma* & inte/9es1 its diuretic effects are less likely to happ52 he !re=e f\nd t by accompany+ x ) an opiate1 7,=m4 #ajj7 ! emetic & purgative op]ation may be avoid$1 & ! squill be !reby c>ri$ m entirely to ! kidneys4 ,exp]i5ce1 moreov]1 has taught u ! value ( comb9+ ?is m$ic9e ) "s m]curial prep>ation1 by :i* its diuretic p[]s are v consid]ably augm5t$2 & x has be5 f>!r /at$1 t su* a comb9ation is p>ticul>ly efficaci\s 9 ,hydro?orax1 especially :5 x produces inflammation ( ! gums1 & ( ! gl&s ab\t ! ?roat1 by :i* action x is suppos$ to cause a d]ivation f ! exhalants ( ! pleura1 & !reby to dim9i% ! dropsical effusion4 7,=m3 #ajb1 #ajc1 #ajf1 #ajg1 #aji1 #aab1 #aae17 b we mu/ take c>e t ! rem$y does n occasion purg+4 ,9 ! exhibition ( squill1 x has be5 (t5 deliv]$ z a rule1 to give x to ! ext5t necess>y to induce nausea1 z af=d+ a te/ ( ! m$ic9e be+ 9 a /ate ( activity2 su* a /ate ( ! sy/em1 moreov]1 may assi/ ! absorption ( ! rem$y4 ,dr4 ,home1 9 opposition to ! op9ion ( ,cull51 ma9ta9$ t ! p[]s ( ,squill z a diuretic1 7 increas$ by comb9+ x ) bodies capable ( promot+ its full emetic op]ation3 aft] :at has be5 obs]v$1 h[ev]1 x is unnecess>y to dwell ^u ! mis*ievi\s t5d5cy ( su* a practice4 ,by ref]r+ to our tabul> arrangem5t ( ,diuretics1 page #ajb1 ! read] w f9d t ,i consid] its action ^u ! ur9>y organs to dep5d ^u its bitt] pr9ciple 7,scillit97 be+ develop$1 & c>ri$1 by ! m$ium ( ! circulation1 to ! secret+ vessels ( ! kidneys1 :i* x ?us /imulates by actual contact4 ,z an emetic1 x has be5 advis$ 9 solution1 9 cases ( hoop+ c\gh1 b its extreme unc]ta9ty r5d]s x unfit = exhibition1 unless z an adjunct to emetic comb9ations1 z 9 ,=m3 #fe4 ,pl5ck makes m5tion ( a *ild :i* _h convulsions 9 consequ5ce ( tak+ "s ,squill4 ,,dose4 ,( ! dri$ root gr42 to iv4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,acetum ,scill4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,pil3 ,scill3 comp3 ,l4,e4,d4 ,pulv3 ,scill3 ,e4,d4 ,syrup4 ,scill3 m>itim3 ,e4 ,t9ct3 ,scill3 ,l4,d4 ,,secale ,,cornutum4 7,spurr$ ,rye1 or ,ergot ( ,rye47 ,v>i\s op9ions h be5 ent]ta9$ 9 relation to ! nature ( ,ergot4 ,! mo/ probable is t x is a p>asitic fungus1 atta*$ to sev]al species ( ! gram9a1 b m especially to ! rye4 ,x is g5]ally f\nd mo/ abundant 9 moi/ situations & 9 wet seasons4 ,its ta/e1 at fir/ sc>cely p]ceptible1 becomes %ortly disagreeable & sub-acrid4 ,by ! analysis ( ,vauquel91 ! ergot has be5 asc]ta9$ to conta91 #a4 ,a fawn-yell[ col\r+ matt]1 soluble 9 alcohol1 & hav+ a ta/e resembl+ t ( fi% oil4 #b4 ,a :ite oily matt]1 ( a sweeti% ta/e1 :i* appe>s to be v abundant4 #c4 ,a violet col\r+ pr9ciple1 ( ! same %ade z t ( or*il1 b diff]+ f x by its solubility 9 alcohol1 & :i* c be readily fix$ on alum9at$ wool & silk4 #d4 ,a free acid1 suppos$ to be p>tly phosphoric4 #e4 ,a v abundant vegeto-animal sub/ance1 mu* dispos$ to putrefaction1 & :i* furni%es a consid]able quantity ( ?ick oil & ( ammonia by di/illation4 #f4 ,a small quantity ( free ammonia1 :i* c be obta9$ at ! temp]ature ( boil+ wat]4 ,z a m$ic9al sub/ance1 ergot ex]ts a specific effect ^u ! ut]us1 & is v g5]ally us$ 9 ?is c\ntry = ! purpose ( facilitat+ ! process ( p>turition4 ,f ! p[]ful effects produc$ by ! ergot1 x is obvi\s t x %\ld be us$ ) mu* caution4 ,dr4 ,/e>ns1 to :om ! pr(ession is indebt$ = ! fir/ introduction ( ?is article into practice1 & :o mu/ be consid]$ z our highe/ au?ority on ?is subject1 has laid d[n ! foll[+ rules by :i* its adm9i/ration %\ld be regulat$3 #a4 ,x %\ld nev] be adm9i/]$ :]e nature is compet5t to a safe deliv]y4 #b4 ,x %\ld nev] be adm9i/]$ until ! regul> pa9s h ceas$1 or are ineffectual1 & !re is dang] to be appreh5d$ f delay4 #c4 ,x %\ld nev] be adm9i/]$ until ! rigidity ( ! os t9c has subsid$1 & a p]fect relaxation has be5 induc$4 #d4 ,x %\ld nev] be adm9i/]$ 9 ! incipi5t /ages ( lab\r1 nor until ! os t9c is dilat$ to ! size ( a doll>4 #e4 ,x %\ld nev] be adm9i/]$ 9 any case ( pret]natural pres5tation t w require ! ftus to be turn$4 #f4 ,x %\ld nev] be adm9i/]$ dur+ ! cont9uance ( "o lab\r1 9 l>g] quantities ?an ?irty gra9s by decoction 9 half a p9t ( wat]4 ,a table spoonful ( ?is giv5 e t5 m9utes1 g5]ally succe$s bett] ?an a l>g] dose4 ,:ile ?is quantity produces its mo/ fav\rable effects ^u ! ut]us1 x does n affect ! /oma* ) nausea or vomit+1 :i* sometimes int]rupts its successful op]ation4 ,! ergot is indicat$1 & may be adm9i/]$1 #a4 ,:51 9 l+]+ lab\rs1 ! *ild has desc5d$ into ! pelvis1 ! p>ts dilat$ & relax$1 ! pa9s hav+ ceas$1 or be+ too ineffectual to advance ! lab\r1 !re is dang] to be appreh5d$ f delay1 by exhau/ion ( /r5g? & vital en]gy1 f hemorrhage or o!r al>m+ symptoms4 #b4 ,:5 ! pa9s are transf]r$ f ! ut]us to o!r p>ts ( ! body1 or to ! :ole muscul> sy/em1 produc+ g5]al pu]p]al convulsions4 ,aft] premis+ copi\s ble$+1 ! ergot conc5trates all ^! misplac$ lab\r-pa9s ^u ! ut]us1 :i* x soon re/ores to its appropriate action1 & ! convulsions imm$iately cease4 #c4 ,:5 9 ! e>ly /ages ( pregnancy1 abortion becomes inevitable1 accompani$ ) pr(use hemorrhage & feeble ut]9e contractions4 #d4 ,:5 ! plac5ta z reta9$ f a defici5cy ( contractions4 #e4 ,9 pati5ts liable to hemorrhage imm$iately aft] deliv]y4 ,9 su* cases ! ergot may be giv5 z a prev5tive1 a few m9utes be=e ! t]m9ation ( ! lab\r4 #f4 ,:5 ! hemorrhage or lo*ial dis*>ges are too pr(use imm$iately aft] deliv]y1 & ! ut]us cont9ues dilat$ & relax$ )\t any ability to contract4 ,,s5eg ,,radix4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,polygala ,s5ega47 ,radix4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 ! dri$ root is int]nally :ite2 ext]nally x is cov]$ ) a br[ni% grey1 corrugat$1 transv]sely crack$ cuticle4 ,od\r1 none4 ,ta/e1 at fir/ sweeti%1 b aft]w>ds hot & pung5t1 produc+ a v peculi> t+l+ s5sation 9 ! fauces4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,its virtues reside 9 res94 ,,solubility4 ,alcohol extracts ! :ole ( its active matt]2 hot wat] only p>tially4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,z a /imulant2 b x is r>ely us$4 ,9 ,am]ica x is us$ aga9/ ! bite ( ! rattlesnake4#fcc ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,decoctum ,s5eg4 ,l4,e4 ,,s5n ,,folia4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,cassia ,s5na47 ,s5na ,leaves4 ,,qualities4 ,od\r1 fa9t & sickly2 ,ta/e1 slightly bitt]1 sweeti%1 & nause\s4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,extractive1 res91 mucilage1 & sal9e matt]2 x conta9s )9 itself a purgative pr9ciple & a bitt] elem5t2 & al?\gh ! latt] is p] se in]t1 yet 9 comb9ation1 its pres5ce aids & exalts ! efficacy ( ! =m]4 ,m4 ,m4 ,lassaigne & ,f5uelle h lately ann\nc$ ! fact ( _! hav+ procur$ ! purgative pr9ciple ( ,s5na 9 a sep>ate =m1 & to :i* !y h giv5 ! "n ( ,ca?>t9e4 ,x is said to be an uncry/allizable sub/ance1 ( a r$di%-yell[ col\r1 & ( a p>ticul> smell1 & bitt] nause\s ta/e1 soluble 9 alcohol & wat]1 9 all proportions2 b f>!r exp]im5ts are requir$ ^u ?is subject4 ,,solubility4 ,bo? wat] & _s extract ! virtues ( ,s5na2 to wat] & pro( _s ! leaves communicate a br[ni% col\r1 m or less deep accord+ to ! proportions employ$2 to rectifi$ _s !y imp>t a f9e gre5 col\r4 ,! p[d]$ leaves ( s5na are v apt to und]go a *ange by exposure to a humid atmosph]e1 becom+ cov]$ ) a k9d ( m\ld9ess :i* conta9s a small proportion ( potass4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,see ,infus3 ,s5n4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,confectio ,s5n21 ,l4,e4,d4 ,extract3 ,cassi ,s5n4 ,e4 ,infus3 ,s5n4 ,l4,d4 ,infus3 ,tam>9d3 cum ,s5na4 ,e4,d4 ,pulv4 ,s5n comp3 ,l4 ,t9ct3 ,s5n4 ,l4,d4 ,t9ct3 ,s5n comp3 ,e4 ,syrup3 ,s5n4 ,l4,d4 ,,adult]ations4 ,! leaves ( ,s5na are import$ f ,alex&ria 9 a /ate ( adult]ation1 be+ mix$ by ! m]*ants ( ,cairo ) ! leaves ( ,cynan*um ,oleafolium1 7,arguel7 & ) ^? ( ,colutea ,arboresc5s2 ! =m] are di/+ui%$ by _! great] l5g? z well z by _! /ructure1 :i* diff]s f ! leaves ( ,s5na 9 hav+ a /raight side1 & be+ regul> at _! base1 & 9 n display+ any lat]al n]ves on ! "u disk2 ! latt] are s diff]5t f ,s5na leaves1 t !re is no difficulty 9 at once recognis+ !m4 ,! ,tripoli ,s5na conta9s a mu* l>g] proportion ( ,cynan*um1 & ( ! o!r adult]ations2 z a g5]al rule1 ^? leaves :i* appe> bright1 fre%1 free f /alks & spots1 t are well & /rongly sc5t$1 smoo? & s(t to ! t\*1 ?or\ghly dry1 %>p po9t$1 bitt]i%1 & some:at nause\s1 are to be pref]r$4 ,,s]p5t>i ,,radix4 ,l4,d4 7,ari/olo*ia ,s]p5t>ia1 ,radix47 ,s]p5t>ia ,root4 ,virg9ian ,snake root1 or ,bir?wort4 ,,qualities4 ,od\r1 ( ! dri$ root1 aromatic1 & some:at resembl+ t ( ,val]ian2 ,ta/e1 pung5t & w>m1 ) a degree ( bitt]ness1 n v unlike t ( camphor1 or ( ! p9us canad5sis4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,res9 & an ess5tial oil con/itute its active +r$i5ts4 ,,solubility4 ,its virtues are extract$ by wat]1 z well z by alcohol4 ,! t9cture has a bright gre5 col\r1 :i* is r5d]$ turbid by wat]4 ,x nei!r affects ,tann9 nor ,gelat9e1 nor does x precipitate ! salts ( iron4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,x has be5 reg>d$ z s]viceable 9 cases t requir$ ! comb9$ p[]s ( a diaphoretic & tonic1 z 9 "s ( ! /ages ( typhus & o!r l[ fev]s2 x has also be5 f\nd to exalt ! febrifuge p[]s ( ! b>k 9 cases ( protract$ int]mitt5ts4 ,x is likewise valu$ on acc\nt ( its efficacy 9 c]ta9 cases ( dyspepsia1 att5d$ ) a dry sk94 ,its /imulat+ prop]ties w ( c\rse prev5t its application 9 ! inflammatory dia!sis4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,9 sub/ance1 or 9 an infusion1 made by mac]at+ iv ( ! bruis$ root 9 fxij ( boil+ wat] 9 a cov]$ vessel = two h\rs1 & /ra9+4 ,decoction w necess>ily dissipate its ess5tial oil1 & impair its p[]s2 :5ev] !re=e x is direct$ 9 comb9ations :i* require ?is process1 x %\ld n be add$ until aft] ! o!r +r$i5ts h be5 boil$1 z illu/rat$ by ,=m3 #dj4 ,,dose1 ( ! p[d]$ root j to ss or m2 ( ! infusion fj-fij4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,t9ct3 ,s]p5t>i4 ,l4,e4,d4#fcd ,t9ct3 ,c9*on comp3 ,l4,d4 ,electu>ium ,opiatum4 ,e4 ,! roots ( ! ,coll9sonia prcox are frequ5tly f\nd mix$ ) ^? ( ,s]p5t>ia 9 ! m>ket4 ,,sim>\b ,,cortex4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,quassia ,sim>\ba ,cortex47 ,sim>\ba ,b>k4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 long pieces a few in*es 9 bread?1 & fold$ l5g?wise2 fibr\s1 r\gh1 & scaly2 &1 :5 fre%1 ( a pale yell[ col\r on ! inside4 ,od\r1 none2 ,ta/e1 bitt]1 )\t any a/r+5cy4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,its virtues are pr9cipally connect$ ) extractive matt]2 x does n conta9 any tann9 or gallic acid4 ,,solubility4 ,alcohol & wat] take up all its active matt]4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,x has be5 consid]$ tonic1 & has be5 us$ ) advantage z su* 9 int]mitt5t fev]s4 ,to ,dr4 ,wright we are pr9cipally indebt$ = a k ( its p[]s4 ,x has be5 mu* comm5d$ 9 ! latt] /ages ( dys5t]y1 aft] ! fev] has abat$1 & ! t5esmus cont9ues ) a s9k+ pulse4 ,alib]t says t x has be5 us$ ) mu* success at ! hospital ( ,/4 ,l\is1 9 di>rha1 foll[+ scurvy1 & int]mitt5t fev]4 ,,dose1 i to ss1 b x is m conv5i5tly giv5 9 ! =m ( infusion1 :i* see4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,infus3 ,sim>\b4 ,l4 ,! ,dubl9 college has admitt$ ! wood ( ?is tree into _! mat]ia m$ica1 b x is p]fectly in]t4 ,,s9apis ,,sem9a4 7,s9apis ,nigra4 ,l4 ,alba4 ,e4,d47 ,mu/>d ,se$s4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,fecula1 mucilage1 an acrid volatile oil on :i* _! virtues dep5d1 & :i* on /&+ deposits a quantity ( sulphur1 a bl& fix$ oil1 :i* consid]ably obtunds ! acrimony ( ! =m] con/itu5t2#fce & an ammoniacal salt4 ,,solubility4 ,unbruis$ mu/>d se$s1 :5 mac]at$ 9 boil+ wat]1 yield only an insipid mucilage1 :i* l t ( l9se$1 resides 9 ! sk92 b :5 bruis$1 wat] takes up all ! active matt]1 al?\gh x is sc>cely imp>t$ to alcohol4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,x is a b5eficial /imulant 9 dyspepsia2 *lorosis1 & p>alysis2 = :i* purpose1 a tea spoonful ( ! bruis$ se$s may be adm9i/]$2 or a :ey may be made1 by boil+ a table spoonful ( ! bruis$ se$s 9 oj ( milk1 & /ra9+2 ( :i* a f\r? "p may be tak5 ?ree times a day1 7see ,=m4 #df47 or x may be giv5 9 infusion4 7,=m4 #de47 ,! f>9a made into a pa/e ) crumbs ( bread & v9eg>1 af=ds "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful ext]nal /imulants :i* we c apply1 & is te*nically t]m$ a ,s9apism2 x produces int5se pa91 & excites an inflammation ent]+ mu* m into ! true sk9 ?an t :i* is excit$ by ! ,lytt2 x is !re=e wor?y att5tion 9 all int]nal inflammations :]e ble$+ is limit$3 if necess>y x may be quick5$ by ! addition ( oil ( turp5t9e4 ,if a table spoonful ( p[d]$ mu/>d be add$ to oj ( tepid wat]1 x op]ates briskly z an emetic4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,cataplasm3 ,s9ap4 ,l4,d4 ,empla/3 ,meloes com3 ,e4#fcf 7,b7 ,infusum ,armoraci comp3 ,l4 7,b7 ,,adult]ations4 ,f9e p[d]1 or fl[] ( mu/>d1 z x occurs 9 comm]ce1 conta9s only "o-six? "p ( g5u9e mu/>d1 ! rema9d] consi/s ( fl\r1 col\r$ by turm]ic1 & made pung5t by ! addition ( p[d]$ capsicum4 ,,soda ,,t>t>izata4 ,l4 ,,t>tras ,,sod ,,et ,,potass4 ,e4 ,,t>t>us ,,sod ,,et ,,kali4 ,d4 olim4 ,sal de ,seignette4 ,sal ,rupell5sis1 or ,ro*elle ,salt4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 a "r prism1 ) rhombic t]m9ations1 v slightly effloresc5t4 ,ta/e1 r bitt] & sal9e4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x is a triple salt1 =m$ by neutraliz+ ! excess ( acid 9 sup]-t>trate ( potass1 ) soda1 & consi/+ ( #b atoms ( acid #a ( soda #a ( potass4 ,by a /rong heat x is resolv$ into a mixture ( c>bonate ( potass & c>bonate ( soda4 ,,solubility4 ,x is soluble 9 five p>ts ( wat] at #ej4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,mo/ acids1 & acidul\s salts 7except ! ,sup]-t>trate ( potass7 :i* conv]t ! t>trate ( potass into bi-t>trate1 or sup]-t>trate4 ,! acetate & sub-acetate ( lead2 b>ytic salts1 & ! salts ( lime are decompos$ by x4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,simil> to ^? ( ,potass ,t>tras4 ,see ,=m4 #gg1 & #hf1 ! latt] ( :i* pres5ts a v grateful & efficaci\s purgative4 ,,dose1 ij to j z a purgative4 ,,sod ,,c>bonas4 ,l4,e4 ,c>bonate ( ,soda4 ,?is salt1 :5 prop]ly prep>$1 is a bi-c>bonate1 b s delicately are ! aff9ities ( its con/itu5t p>ts balanc$1 t ! application ( a v mod]ate temp]ature is suffici5t to subv]t !m1 & to occasion p>tial decomposition4 ,mr4 ,phillips /ates t al?\gh he has se5 :at he believes to be real bi-c>bonate 9 ! /ate ( ! moi/ cry/als1 yet he has nev] met ) any t 0 dry :i* _h n lo/ "o-f\r? ( its c>bonic acid by exposure to heat2 x is !n a :ite gritty p[d]1 less soluble 9 wat] ?an ! sub-c>bonate1 l :i* x possesses an alkal9e ta/e1 & turns vegetable yell[s br[n1 b bo? 9 a less degree4 ,?is salt1 :i* is g5]ally sold1 z ! c>bonate ( ! ph>macopia1 & ! bi-c>bonate ( *emi/s1 ,mr4 ,phillips consid]s z a comp\nd ( an atom ( c>bonate1 7sub-c>bonate7 & an atom ( bi-c>bonate1 comb9$ ) f\r atoms ( wat]4 ,x is !re=e1 accord+ to ! phraseology ( "s *emi/s1 a ,sesqui-c>bonate1#fcg z be+ equal to an atom & a half ( acid & "o atom ( base4 ,! *emical habitudes ( ?is salt1 z connect$ ) its m$ic9al applications1 are simil> to ^? ( ! c>bonate ( potass1 :i* see4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,z x is less nause\s1 s is x m eligible ?an ! sub-c>bonate ( ! same alkali2 9 o!r respects its effects are ! same2 vide ,sod ,sub-c>bonas4 ,,dose1 grs4 x to ss4#fch ,,adult]ations4 ,if ! salt1 aft] sup]-saturation ) dilute nitric acid1 give a precipitate ) nitrate ( b>yta1 x conta9s "s sulphuric salt2 & if ) nitrate ( silv]1 we may inf] ! pres5ce ( a muriate4 ,,sod ,,murias4 ,l4,e4 ,,sal ,,commune1 ,,murias ,,sod4 ,d4 ,muriate ( ,soda4 ,common ,salt4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 t ( regul> cubes1 :i* d n deliquesce unless contam9at$ ) muriate ( magnesia4#fci ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x consi/s1 accord+ to ,b]zelius1 ( #dfee ( muriatic acid1 & #ecde ( soda2 accord+ to ! new !ory1 h[ev]1 ?is salt mu/ be consid]$ z a true muriate ( soda1 only :ile x rema9s 9 aque\s solution2 = :5 x is r$uc$ to dryness1 ! muriatic acid & ! soda become bo? decompos$1 & ! hydrog5 ( ! =m] unit+ ) ! oxyg5 ( ! latt]1 !y pass (f 9 ! =m ( wat]1 :ile ! *lor9e ( ! muriatic acid unites ) ! metallic base ( ! soda1 to =m *loride ( sodium1 :i* consi/s ( an atom ( ea* con/itu5t4 ,x is p]haps difficult to believe t ! same salt %\ld be *loride ( sodium 9 ! h&1 & muriate ( soda 9 ! m\?6 b x is n ! less true1 nor is x m incr$ible ?an ! *ange :i* ,sulphuret ( potass und]goes by solution1 ! decomposition ( :i* is r5d]$ evid5t to ! s5ses by ! evolv$ sulphurett$ hydrog54 ,late rese>*es h also detect$ bo? 9 rock & 9 o!r salt1 ! pres5ce ( muriate ( potass1 & muriate ( magnesia4#fdj ,,solubility4 ,x is equally soluble 9 cold & 9 hot wat]1 "o "p ( ! salt requir+ r m ?an #b p>ts4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,! effects ( salt ^u ! animal & vegetable k+doms1 are /rik+ & important1#fda & h furni%$ objects ( ! mo/ int]e/+ enquiry to ! physiologi/1 ! *emi/1 ! physician1 & ! agriculturi/2 x appe>s to be a natural /imulant to ! dige/ive organs2 & t animals are in/9ctively l$ to imm5se di/ances 9 pursuit ( x2 = pro( ( ?is fact ! read] is ref]r$ to 8,p>kes on ! repeal ( ! ,salt ,laws10 & to an int]e/+ "w by my late lam5t$ fri5d1 ,sir ,?omas ,b]n>d1 entitl$1 8,case ( ! ,salt ,duties1 ) ,pro(s & ,illu/rations40#fdb ,salt1 :5 tak5 9 mod]ate quantities1 promotes1#fdc :ile 9 excessive ones1 x prev5ts dige/ion2 x is !re=e tonic & an!lm9tic1 correct+ t disord]$ /ate ( ! b[els :i* fav\rs ! propagation ( worms4 ,9 ,irel&1 :]e1 f ! bad quality ( ! food1 ! l[] classes are greatly infe/$ ) worms1#fdd a draught ( salt & wat] is a popul> & efficaci\s an!lm9tic4 ,=m3 #afb1 is a prescription by ,ru%1 :o says t 9 ?is mann] he has adm9i/]$ _m p\nds ( common salt ) great success 9 worm cases4 ,9 ! fir/ volume ( ! ,m$ical ,transactions we %all f9d an int]e/+ acc\nt ( a cure ( ?is disease by salt1 aft] ! failure ( o!r rem$ies2 ,i beg also to ref] ! practition] to ano!r case illu/rative ( its an!lm9tic p[]s1 publi%$ by ,mr4 ,m>%all1 7,london ,m$ical & ,physical ,j\rnal1 vol4 xxxix4 ,no4 #bca17 :i* is t ( a lady :o _h a natural antipa?y to salt1 & 0 9 consequ5ce mo/ dreadfully infe/$ ) worms dur+ ! :ole ( h] life4 ,9 v l>ge doses ,salt proves purgative2 x is also absorb$1 & c>ri$ to ! kidneys1 b x und]goes no decomposition 9 transitu1 nor does x appe> to possess any consid]able p[]s z a diuretic2 its solution 9 tepid wat]1 9 ! proportion ( ss-j 9 oj ( wat]1 =ms ! common dome/ic enema4 ,,dose1 :5 int5d$ to act z a ca?>tic1 fss to j v l>gely dilut$2 :5 to answ] ! o!r int5tions1 f grs4 x4 to j4 ,,sod ,,sub-,,boras4 ,l4,d4 ,,boras ,,sod4 ,e4 ,borax4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 irregul> hexah$ral prisms1 slightly effloresc5t4 ,ta/e1 alkal9e & /yptic2 :5 heat$ x loses its wat] ( cry/allization1 & becomes a por\s friable mass 7calc9$ borax74 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,boracic acid1 #cd--soda1 #ag--wat]1 #di4 ,,solubility4 ,x is soluble 9 #bj p>ts ( wat] at #fj1 & 9 #f p>ts at #bab4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,x is decompos$ by acids2 potass2 by ! sulphates & muriates ( ! e>?s1 & by ^? ( ammonia4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,x is only appli$ 9 ! =m ( p[d] mix$ ) #h or #aj p>ts ( honey1 z a det]g5t l9ctus 9 aph?1 c4 ,! ,*9ese employ x 9 inflammatory sore ?roats2 = :i* purpose !y fir/ r$uce x to an extremely f9e p[d]1 & !n bl[ x ?r\gh a re$ ^u ! inflam$ surface4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,mel ,boracis4 ,l4 ,,adult]ations4 ,alum1 & fus$ muriate ( soda1 are sub/ances ) :i* x is sometimes sophi/icat$2 to discov] :i*1 dissolve x 9 di/ill$ wat]1 & aft] saturat+ ! excess ( ! base ) nitric acid1 assay ! solution ) nitrate ( b>ytes & nitrate ( silv]4 ,,sod ,,sub-,,c>bonas4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,sub-c>bonate ( ,soda4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 octoh$rons1 truncat$ at ! summits ( ! pyramids2 x effloresces :5 expos$ to ! air1 & at #aej ,fah4 und]goes wat]y fusion1 its cry/als conta9+ z mu* z sev5 proportionals ( wat]2 ,ta/e1 mild1 alkalesc5t4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,soda #bie--;c>bonic acid #bjg4 ,,solubility4 ,x is soluble 9 two p>ts ( wat] at #fj1 & 9 consid]ably less ?an its weight ( boil+ wat]2 x is insoluble 9 alcohol4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances are enum]at$ "u ,potass ,c>bonas4 ,,m$4 ,,uses1 are simil> to ^? ( ! sub-c>bonate ( potass1 b x is pref]able to x = int]nal use1 z be+ m mild & less nause\s2 & moreov] ,f\rcroy /ates x z 8 op9ion t soda is m eligible = m$ic9al purposes ?an potass1 on acc\nt ( its analogy ) animal sub/ances1 :i* always conta9 x1 :ile on ! contr>y1 no portion ( potass is f\nd 9 !m4 ,sir ,gilb]t ,blane assumes an opposite op9ion1 & obs]ves t1 z f> z he c judge ( ! comp>ative p[]s ( ! two fix$ alkalies1 he %\ld greatly pref] ,potass to ,soda1 z a rem$y = gravel1 "o reason ( :i* he ?9ks may be f\nd 9 ! fact t ! ,soda is an elem5t ( ! animal fluids1 s9ce x ent]s l>gely into ! composition ( bile1 s t x is m likely to be arre/$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! circulation & div]t$ f ! ur9>y organs4 ,a g5tleman1 says ,sir ,gilb]t1 :o 0 subject to frequ5t fits ( gravel1 & 9 ! habit ( mak+ exp]im5ts on ! small concretions :i* he pass$1 f\nd t ,soda dissolv$ !m1 b t ,potass did n2 nev]!less he exp]i5c$ s5sible relief1 & ev5 tempor>y cure1 f ! int]nal use ( ! latt] alkali1 b no b5efit f ! =m]4 ,are !n ! absorb5ts m dispos$ to take up soda ?an potass8 ,! results ( exp]i5ce d n appe> to sanction su* a conclusion4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,x may be adm9i/]$ 9 solution1 9 an electu>y1 or 9 pills2 :5 exhibit$ 9 ! latt] =m1 x mu/ be previ\sly depriv$ ( its wat] ( cry/allization1 7,sod ,sub-c>bonas exsiccata4 ,l47 or ! pills w fall into p[d] z !y dry2 unless :]e ! wat] ( cry/allization is ess5tial to ! =mation ( ! pill1 z to t ( ,pill3 ,f]ri comp4 ,,dose1 gr4 x to j1 twice or ?rice a day4 ,see ,=m4 #bh1 #adc1 #add4 ,,sod ,,sulphas4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,natron ,vitriolatum1 ,p4,l4 #aghg4 ,sal ,ca?>ticus ,glaub]i4 ,p4,l4 #agde4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 transp>5t prismatic cry/als1 :i* effloresce2 :5 expos$ to heat1 !y und]go wat]y fusion1 t is1 !y melt 9 _! own wat] ( cry/allization4 ,ta/e1 sal9e & bitt]4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,sulphuric acid #bdfd1--soda #aicf--wat] #ef4 ,,solubility4 fj ( wat] at #fj dissolves iiiss2 9 boil+ wat] x is consid]ably m soluble2 x is q insoluble 9 alcohol4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,! same z ^? :i* decompose sulphate ( magnesia4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,a common & useful purgative2 its nause\s ta/e may be 9 a great degree disguis$ by ! addition ( a small quantity ( lemon juice1 or cream ( t>t>4 ,,dose1 ss to ij4 ,9 an effloresc$ /ate x is j equal 9 efficacy to d\ble ! weight ( t :i* is 9 a cry/all9e =m4 ,x is r5d]$ m active by be+ comb9$ ) o!r purgative salts1 especially ) sulphate ( magnesia1 & ! comp\nd is m soluble & less nause\s2 7,=m4 #fi1 #gb47 ,a portion ( triple salt1 a magnesio-sulphate ( soda1 probably results f ! comb9ation1 a salt :i* may be frequ5tly detect$ 9 p>cels ( sulphate ( magnesia1 & may be kn[n by its cry/als1 :i* are regul> rhomboids2 x is also conta9$1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,murray1 9 ! br9e or "m liquor ( sea-wat]2 & x con/itutes ! :ole ( t salt :i* 0 =m]ly sold "u ! "n ( 8,lym+ton ,glaub]'s ,salts04#fde ,,sp>tium4 ,l4,e4 ,,g5i/a4 ,d4 ,sp>tii ,cacum9a4 ,l4 ,summitates4 ,e4 ,! ,tops ( ,broom4 ,,qualities4 ,:5 bruis$ !y yield an unpleasant od\r1 & a nause\s bitt] ta/e4 ,solubility4 ,wat] & alcohol alike extract _! active matt]4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,!y c]ta9ly act z a p[]ful diuretic1 & ev5 prove s to animals t br[se ^u !m4 ,i h frequ5tly exhibit$ !m 9 ! ,we/m9/] ,hospital1 ) v great success 9 ! =m ( decoction4 ,by ref]r+ to my classification ( diuretics1 page #ic1 x w be se5 t ! ,broom is plac$ "u ! second division ( ! fir/ class2 = analogy sanctions ! !ory1 t ! bitt] elem5t is sep>at$ by ! p[]s ( dige/ion1 & c>ri$ to ! kidneys by ! m$ium ( ! circulation4 7,see ,=m4 #aac47 ,! a%es ( ?is plant 7 extoll$ by ,syd5ham z a p[]ful diuretic1 b ! *emi/ has %ewn t x is m]ely a fix$ alkal9e salt4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ations4 ,extractum ,cacum9um ,g5i/4 ,d4 ,,spigelia ,,m>yl&ica4 ,p9k ,root4 ,radix4 ,?is is an h]bace\s plant1 gr[+ native 9 ! ,s\!rn /ates4 ,x fl\ri%es 9 ri*1 dry soils1 & fl[]s f ,may to ,july4 ,! root1 :i* is compos$ ( num]\s sl5d] fibres1 :5 fre%1 is ( a yell[i% col\r1 & has an insipid & nause\s ta/e4 ,z x conta9s on analysis no res91 its prop] m5/ruum is wat]4 ,x is exclusively z an an!lm9tic t ! ,p9k ,root is resort$ to1 & z su* x possesses unque/ionable p[]4 ,:5 giv5 to any ext5t x proves n>cotic1 & at ! same "t purgative4 ,x is probably to ?is comb9ation ( prop]ties t its efficacy z a v]mifuge is to be attribut$4 ,x is *iefly aga9/ ! ,lumbrici t x has be5 us$ ) success4 ,x may be giv5 9 p[d]1 9 doses ( f grs4 x to xx1 repeat$ e two h\rs4 ,! m common & pref]able mode ( giv+ x1 h[ev]1 is t ( infusion1 made by putt+ j ( ! root into a p9t ( boil+ wat]4 ,( ?is1 :5 cold1 f j to iv may be giv5 e two or ?ree h\rs1 accord+ to ! age ( ! pati5t4 ,x %\ld be recollect$1 t 9 its fre% /ate ! ,p9k ,root is mu* m active ?an :5 dri$ & kept = any l5g? ( "t4 ,,spir,a ,,trifoliata4 ,indian ,physic4 ,radix4 ,?is plant ab\nds 9 ! woods ( hills & m\nta9s1 9 e "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! root1 :i* is ! "p us$ 9 m$ic9e1 is ( a bitt] ta/e1 & yields by analysis extractive matt] & res94 ,9 its m$ic9al prop]ties ! ,spira resembles ! ipecacuanha ( ! %ops4 ,! full dose 9 p[d] is #cj grs4 ,,spiritus4 ,l4 ,,spiritus ,,/illatitii4 ,di/ill$ ,spirits4 ,^! are solutions ( ! ess5tial oils ( vegetables 9 dilut$ alcohol or pro( _s2 !y are obta9$ by di/ill+ _s ) rec5t vegetables2 or1 accord+ to ! rec5t directions ( ! ,ph>macopia1 ) _! ess5tial oils2 sometimes h[ev] !y are extemporane\sly made by at once dissolv+ ! oils 9 ! _s1 )\t di/illation4 7,see ,spiritus ,t5uior47 ,m$4 ,uses4 ,l ! di/ill$ wat]s1 !y s]ve z vehicles = ! exhibition ( m active m$ic9es2 !y are also occasionally employ$ z grateful /imulants4 ,x is unnecess>y to dwell on ea* ( ^! simple spirits1 z _! virtues are ! same z ^? ( ! sub/ances f :i* !y are extract$1 unit$ to ! /imulus ( ! alcohol4 ,! foll[+ are (fic9al3--,_s3 ,anisi4 ,l4 ,spir3 ,anisi comp3 ,l4,d4 ,armoraci comp3 ,l4 ,c>ui4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,c9namomi ,l4,e4,d4 7,=m4 #e1 #dj47 ,junip]i comp3 ,l4,d4 ,lav&ul4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,lav&ul comp3 ,l4,e4,d4 ,m5?3 ,pip3 ,l4,d4 ,m5?3 ,virid3 ,l4 ,myri/ic3 ,l4,e4,d4 ,pim5t4 ,l4,d4 ,pulegii4 ,l4 ,raphani comp3 ,d4 ,rosm>9i4#fdf ,l4,e4,d4 ,,spiritus ,,ammoni4 ,l4,d4 ,,alcohol ,,ammoniatum4 ,e4 ,spiritus ,salis ,ammoniaci dulcis4 ,p4,l4 #agde4 ,spiritus ,salis ,ammoniaci4 ,p4,l4 #agbj4 ,?is is a solution ( ammoniacal gas 9 _s2 9 :i* a small portion ( ! sub-c>bonate is also g5]ally pres5t4 ,x is n easy to comp>e ! /r5g? ( ?is prep>ation ) t ( ! ,liquor ,ammoni1 or ,liquor ,ammoni ,sub-c>bonatis1 s z to give _! m$ic9al equival5ts1 because ! ammonia exi/s 9 a v diff]5t /ate ( comb9ation4 ,! fir/ is a m]e solution ( ammoniacal gas 9 wat]2 9 ! second1 z already /at$1 ! ammonia exi/s z a sesqui-c>bonate1 :ile 9 ! "o n[ "u consid]ation ! alkali is 9 ! /ate ( a c>bonate4 ,?is fact w expla9 ! reason ( ! pres5t prep>ation be+ sup]ior 9 pung5cy to ! ,liquor ,ammoni ,sub-c>bonatis4 ,! ,incompatibles are ! same z ^? enum]at$ "u ! head ( ,ammoni ,sub-c>bonas4 ,x is a p[]ful /imulant1 b x is pr9cipally employ$ z ! basis ( ! foll[+ comp\nds2 viz4 ,_s3 ,ammoni ,aromat4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,_s3 ,ammoni ,succ9atus4 ,l4 ,t9ctura ,ca/orei ,comp3 ,e4 ,t9ct3 ,guaiaci comp3 ,e4 ,t9ct3 ,opii ,ammoniat3 ,e4 ,,spiritus ,,ammoni ,,aromaticus4 ,l4,d4 ,,alcohol ,,ammoniatum ,,aromaticum4 ,e4 ,spiritus ,ammoni ,compositus4 ,p4,l4 #aghe4 ,spiritus ,volatilis ,aromaticus4 ,p4,l4 #agde4 ,spiritis salis volatilis oleosus4 ,p4,l4 #agbj4 ,?is is a solution ( sev]al ess5tial oils1 7,c9namon1 ,cloves1 & ,lemon4 ,l4--,rosem>y & ,lemon4 ,e4 ,lemon & ,nutmeg4 ,d47 9 ! _s ( ammonia4 ,x is a valuable /imulant1 & an agreeable adjunct1 & efficaci\s corrective to o!r rem$ies1 see ,=m4 #db1 #de4 ,,dose1 fss to fj4 ,,incompatibles4 ,acids1 ,acidul\s ,salts1 ,e>?y & ,metallic ,salts1 & ,lime ,wat]4 ,(fic9al ,prep3 ,t9ct4 ,guaiac3 ,ammoniat3 ,l4,d4 ,t9ct4 ,val]ian3 ,ammoniat3 ,l4,d4 ,its ammoniacal pung5cy is r inf]ior to t ( ! prec$+ prep>ations4 ,,spiritus ,,ammoni ,f,,tidus4 ,l4,d4 ,,t9ctura ,,assaf,,tid ,,ammoniata4 ,e4 ,?is is a solution ( ! ftid volatile oil ( ! ,assaftida 9 ! _s ( ammonia2 z little else ?an ! od\r & flav\r ( ! gum-res9 is tak5 up by ! m5/ruum1 x _c be expect$ to possess _m virtues4 ,dose1 fss to fi4 ,,spiritus ,,ammoni ,,succ9atus4 ,l4 ,?is prep>ation 0 probably introduc$ z a sub/itute ( ! ,eau de luce4 ,x is /imulant & antispasmodic4 ,x w be f\nd1 if prop]ly prep>$1 to reta9 its milk9ess = a consid]able "t1 a circum/ance by :i* its value is appreciat$4 ,! sub/ances enum]at$ "u ! head ( ,spir3 ,ammoni ,aromat3 are also incompatible ) ?is prep>ation4 ,,spiritus ,,col*ici ,,ammoniatus4 ,l4 ,we h 9 ?is prep>ation ! specific virtues ( ! ,col*icum1 ) ! /imulant prop]ty ( ! ,ammonia2 a m$ic9al comb9ation1 :i* is frequ5tly indicat$ 9 practice4 ,dose fss to fi1 9 "s aque\s vehicle4 ,! sub/ances enum]at$ "u ! hi/ory ( ,spiritus ,ammoni ,aromaticus1 are likewise incompatible ) ?is _s4 ,,spiritus ,,!ris ,,aromaticus4 ,l4 ,,!r ,,sulphuricus ,,cum ,,alcohole ,,aromaticus4 ,e4 ,elixir ,vitrioli dulce4 ,p4,l4 #agde4 ,?is prep>ation1 :i* 0 exclud$ f ! ,london ,ph>macopia ( #aghg1 is n[ re/or$4 ,x consi/s ( ,sulphuric ,e!r "o "p1 rectifi$ _s two p>ts1 impregnat$ ) aromatics2 ! pres5ce ( _s is necess>y 9 ?is prep>ation1 s9ce ! volatile oils w\ld be insoluble 9 ! !r )\t x4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,a grateful /imulant4 ,,spiritus ,,!ris ,,nitrici4 ,l4 ,,spiritus ,,!ris ,,nitrosi4 ,e4 ,,spiritus ,,!reus ,,nitrosus4 ,d4 ,spiritus ,nitri dulcis4 ,p4,l4 #agde4 ,,qualities4 ,a col\rless fluid ( ! specific gravity #hej4 ,od\r1 extremely fragrant2 ,ta/e1 pung5t & acidul\s2 x is v volatile & inflammable4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,a portion ( nitric !r & nitric acid1 comb9$ ) alcohol4 ,,solubility4 ,x is soluble bo? 9 wat] & alcohol4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,) a solution ( gre5 sulphate ( iron x /rikes a deep olive col\r1 ow+ probably to its hold+ a portion ( nitr\s gas 9 solution2 ) ! t9ctures ( guaiacum x produces a gre5 or blue coagulum4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,:5 prop]ly dilut$1 x is refrig]ant & diuretic2 & has be5 long employ$ z a grateful draught 9 febrile affections2 z a diuretic1 x frequ5tly proves a valuable auxili>y 9 dropsy1 7see ,=m4 #aac1 #aaf47 ,,dose1 x to xl4 9 any aque\s vehicle4 ,by age & exposure to ! air1 x is gradually decompos$1 & gives rise to ! reproduction ( nitr\s acid4 ,,spiritus ,,!ris ,,sulphurici4 ,l4 ,,!r ,,sulphuricus ,,cum ,,alcohole4 ,e4 ,,liquor ,,!reus ,,sulphuricus4 ,d4 ,spiritus !ris vitriolici4 ,p4,l4 #aghg4 ,_s4 ,vitrioli dulcis4 #agde4 ,,qualities4 ,a fluid ( ! specific gravity #haf1 consi/+ ( two p>ts 7by measure7 ( rectifi$ _s1 & "o "p ( sulphuric !r4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x has all ! prop]ties ( !r1 b 9 an inf]ior degree4 ,,dose1 fj to fiij4 ,,spiritus ,,!ris ,,sulphurici ,,compositus4 ,l4 ,?is is int5d$ z a sub/itute = ! ,liquor ,anodynus ( ,h(fmann1 al?\gh its composition 0 nev] reveal$ by him4 ,9 addition to its /imulat+ prop]ties1 x is suppos$ to add ^? ( an anodyne nature4 ,,dose1 fss to fij4 ,see ,=m4 #g4 ,,spiritus ,,camphor4 ,l4 ,_s ( ,camphor2 vulgo1 ,camphorat$ ,spirits4 ,?is prep>ation is pr9cipally useful z an ext]nal application4 ,z an embrocation to *ilbla9s x is (t5 ( ess5tial s]vice2 & x has be5 f\nd useful :5 ?us appli$ to p>ts affect$ ) *ronic rheumatism & p>alytic numbness4 ,x is in/antly decompos$ by wat]1 :i* precipitates ! camphor4 ,x furni%es an easy mode ( =m+ camphor mixture extemporane\sly1 & if a few drops be rubb$ ) mucilage1 we are ?us enabl$ to =m a /rong] prep>ation ?an by ! ord9>y process4 ,,spiritus ,,rectificatus4 ,l4 ,,alcohol ,,=tius4 ,e4 ,,spiritus ,,v9osus ,,rectificatus4 ,d4 ,9 ?is prep>ation1 alcohol is ne>ly 9 ! highe/ /ate ( conc5tration1 9 :i* x c be easily prep>$ 9 ! l>ge way = ! purposes ( trade2 its specific gravity h[ev] v>ies 9 ! diff]5t ph>macopias1 viz4 ! ,london & ,ed9burgh prep>ation is /at$ to h t ( #hce1 :ile ! rectifi$ _s ( ,dubl9 is ord]$ to be only #hdj4 ,! =m] at ! temp]ature ( #fj ,fah4 consi/s ( #he p>ts ( pure alcohol & #ae ( wat]1 ! latt] only ( #hc p] c5t4 ( alcohol4 ,x is a mo/ p[]ful /imulant1 b is r>ely employ$ except 9 comb9ation2 z a ph>maceutical ag5t1 its use is highly valuable & ext5sive4 7,see ,t9ctur47 ,dur+ ! evaporation ( _s1 a consid]able r$uction ( temp]ature takes place1 :i* r5d]s x a useful +r$i5t 9 refrig]at+ lotions4 ,see ,=m4 #adg1 #adh4 ,x has lately be5 asc]ta9$ by ,mr4 ,rit*ie ( ,p]?1 t 8! degree ( cold induc$ by ! evaporation ( _s ( diff]5t degrees ( /r5g? are proportional to ! /r5g? ( ^! spirits1 reckon+ f ! degrees ( cold induc$ by ! evaporation ( wat]40 ,! application ( ?is !orem w enable u to asc]ta9 ! /r5g? ( a _s by ! 8,,diff]5tial ,,!rmomet]0 ( ,leslie4 ,,spiritus ,,t5uior4 ,l4 ,,alcohol ,,dilutum4 ,e4 ,,spiritus ,,v9osus ,,t5uior4 ,d4 ,weak] or ,pro( ,_s4 ,?is is rectifi$ _s dilut$ ) a c]ta9 proportion ( wat]1 & x is to be regrett$ t ! quantity ord]$ = ?is purpose1 %\ld v>y 9 ! diff]5t ,ph>macopias2 ?us1 accord+ to ! ,london & ,dubl9 ,colleges1 its specific gravity is #icj1 :ile ! ,college ( ,ed9burgh directs x to be ( #ice4 ,! =m] consi/s ( #dd p] c5t4 ( pure alcohol1 & may be =m$ by mix+ f\r p>ts1 by measure1 ( rectifi$ _s1 ) ?ree ( wat]2 ! latt] conta9s only #db p] c5t4 ( pure alcohol1 & may be made by add+ toge!r equal p>ts ( rectifi$ _s & di/ill$ wat]4 ,alcohol 9 ?is /ate ( dilution1 is bett] adapt$ = tak+ up ! pr9ciples ( vegetables ?an rectifi$ _s2 inde$1 dilut$ alcohol acts ^u bodies z a *emical comp\nd1 & w dissolve :at nei!r ! same proportion ( wat] nor ( alcohol w\ld1 if sep>ately appli$2 we p]ceive !re=e ! importance ( ensur+ uni=mity ( /r5g? 9 our spirits4 7,see ,t9ctur47 ,x is necess>y to rem>k t almo/ all ! _s sold "u ! "n ( 8,pro( ,_s10 is contam9at$ ) empyreumatic oil1 & is unfit = ! purposes ( ph>macy2 x ought !re=e to be extemporane\sly prep>$ by mix+ toge!r rectifi$ _s & wat]1 9 ! proportions above /at$4 ,?is h[ev] is r>ely done1 except ! liquors are int5d$ = ! toilet1 & h5ce x has be5 obs]v$1 t ! cordials ( ! apo!c>y are g5]ally less grateful ?an ^? ( ! di/ill]1 ! latt] be+ extremely curi\s 9 rectify+ & purify+ 8 _s4 ,if common wat] be employ$ = ! dilution ( alcohol1 ! result+ _s w be turbid1 ow+ pr9cipally to ! precipitation ( sulphuric salts2 ?is circum/ance lately occasion$ consid]able emb>rassm5t to ! ,curators ( ! ,hunt]ian ,museum at ! ,college ( ,surgeons1 :o 7 compell$ to prep>e _! own _s1 9 consequ5ce ( an excise regulation prev5t+ ! di/ill] f s5d+ out any _s ( t /r5g? :i* is requir$ = _! anatomical purposes4 ,a curi\s fact has j be5 notic$ 9 ! ,laboratory ( ! ,royal ,in/itution1 :i* is1 t dilut$ _s becomes /rong] by be+ kept 9 vessels t are c>efully clos$ by bladd]6 :5ce x w\ld seem1 t alcoholic vap\r transpires ?r\gh ?is animal membrane less freely ?an aque\s vap\r2 we are at pres5t unable to (f] a satisfactory explanation ( ?is anomal\s case ( di/illation1 b x is probably connect$ ) ! diff]5t solv5t p[]s ( ^! two liquids1 9 relation to ! animal membrane4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,alcohol1 al?\gh dilut$ to ! degree ( pro( _s1 is /ill too /rong = int]nal exhibition2 inde$1 :]e its use is indicat$1 x is m g5]ally giv5 9 ! =m ( w9e1 malt liquors1 or ard5t spirits1 :i* mu/ be reg>d$ only z dilut$ alcohol1 al?\gh ea* has a peculi>ity ( op]ation1 ow+ to ! modify+ influ5ce ( ! o!r elem5ts ( ! liquid2 ?us ,br&y#fdg is said to be simply cordial & /oma*ic2#fdh ,rum1#fdi heat+ & sudorific2 ,g9 & ,:iskey1 diuretic2 & ,arrack1#fej /yptic1 heat+1 & n>cotic2 x seems also probable t a modifi$ effect is produc$ by ! addition ( v>i\s o!r sub/ances1 su* z sug> & acids1 :i* latt] bodies1 besides _! anti-n>cotic p[]s1 appe> to act by fav\r+ a m p]fect comb9ation & mutual p5etration ( ! p>ticles ( _s & wat]4 ,=eign br&y d]ives its col\r f ! oak cask1 ! int5sity ( :i*1 !re=e1 af=ds "s crit]ion ( its age4 ,! ,engli% h be5 9 ! habit ( col\r+ _! spirits ) burnt sug> until lately1 b n[ s9ce ! cause ( ! =eign col\r is discov]$1 ! scrap+s ( gall-nuts are employ$ = t purpose1 :5ce ! sulphate ( iron is no long] a te/ ( br&y be+ g5u9e4#fea ,! effects1 also1 :i* are produc$ by ! habitual use ( f]m5t$ liquors1 diff] ess5tially accord+ to ! k9d t is drunk2 ?us ,ale & ,port]1 9 consequ5ce ( ! nutritive matt]1 & p]haps ! invigorat+ bitt] ) :i* !y are *>g$1 & ! comp>atively small proportion ( alcohol :i* !y conta91 dispose to a ple?ora1 :i* is n unfrequ5tly t]m9at$ by apoplexy2 ,spirits1 on ! o!r h&1 induce sev]e dyspepsia1 ob/ruct$ & h>d5$ liv]1 dropsy1 & m ?an half ( all our *ronical diseases2 & ,dr4 ,d>w9 moreov] rem>ks t :5 !y arise f ?is cause1 !y are liable to become h]$it>y1 ev5 to ! ?ird g5]ation1 gradually increas+1 if ! cause be cont9u$1 till ! family become ext9ct2 ) reg>d to ,w9e1 ,ru% has truly obs]v$ t its effects1 l ^? ( tyranny 9 a well =m$ gov]nm5t1 are fir/ felt 9 ! extremities1 :ile spirits l a bold invad]1 seize at once ^u ! vitals ( ! con/itution2 ! diff]5t k9ds ( w9e1 h[ev]1 produce v diff]5t & ev5 opposite effects1 z /at$ "u ! hi/ory ( t article1 7see ,v9um47 ,! excise (fic]s frequ5tly avail !mselves ( ! peculi> p[] ( ! sub-acetate ( lead to precipitate col\r+ matt]1 9 ord] to remove f seiz$ ,holl& ,g91 ! col\r :i* x conta9s by be+ long kept 9 ! tubs 9 :i* x is smuggl$ ov]4 ,?is practice1 h[ev]1 r5d]s ! g9 liable to gripe4 ,,spiritus ,,t]eb9?94 ,see ,t]eb9?9 ,oleum4 ,,spongia ,,u/a4 ,l4 ,see ,c>bo ,ligni4 ,,/anni ,,limatura4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,! fil+s ( ,t94 ,! an!lm9tic prop]ties ( ,t9 h be5 expla9$ by ?ree diff]5t hypo!ses1 viz4 #a4 ,t x acts me*anically by dislodg+ ! mucus f ! inte/9es2 if ?is be true1 x is difficult to expla9 ! fact ( its activity be+ increas$ by pulv]ization4 #b4 ,t its efficacy dep5ds ^u ! pres5ce ( ars5ic2 if s1 :y %\ld ! pure/ specim5s act ) equal efficacy8#feb #c4 ,t x op]ates by g5]at+ hydrog5 gas 9 ! inte/9al canal3 x has be5 obs]v$ t ?is op9ion is r5d]$ probable by ! fact1 t sulphur increases its p[]s4#fec ,dose1 j or ji1 mix$ ) honey1 treacle or cons]ve1 & exhibit$ = sev]al successive morn+s1 a purgative m$ic9e be+ occasionally int]pos$1 7see ,=m4 #aej47 ,! use ( ?is rem$y h[ev] is entirely sup]s$$ by ! m efficaci\s exhibition ( oil ( turp5t9e4 ,,/atice ,,limonium4 ,m>% ,rosem>y4 ,radix4 ,?is is a p]5nial plant f\nd 9 all p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x fl[]s 9 ! mon?s ( ,july & ,augu/4 ,! root1 :i* is ! "p us$ 9 m$ic9e1 is a/r+5t1 & conta9s l>ge proportions ( tann9 & gallic acid4 ,z a m$ic9e x has be5 mu* us$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 & is prescrib$ ) advantage 9 a numb] ( diseases 9 :i* a/r+5ts are requir$4 ,9 *ronic dys5t]y1 di>rha1 & *ol]a infantum1 m especially1 x has be5 f\nd exce$+ly b5eficial4 ,x may be giv5 9 infusion or decoction1 made by add+ ij ( ! root to xij ( wat]4 ,,succi ,,spissati4 ,e4 ,see ,extracta4 ,,sulphur ,,sublimatum4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,sublim$ ,sulphur4 ,fl[]s ( ,sulphur4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x is probably a triple comp\nd ( oxyg51 hydrog51 & "s unkn[n base4 ,,solubility4 ,x is insoluble 9 wat] & alcohol1 b soluble 9 oils1 especially 9 t ( l9se$1 :i* is a p[]ful solv5t ( all sulphure\s sub/ances4 ,9 boil+ oil ( turp5t9e x is entirely soluble4 ,,m$ic9al ,,uses4 ,x is laxative & diaphoretic2 x acts pr9cipally ^u ! l>ge inte/9es1 & v mildly1 :5ce x proves useful 9 hmorrhoidal affections 7,=m4 #gd72 & 9 consequ5ce ( ! diaphoresis :i* x also excites1 x is useful 9 *ronic rheumatisms1 cat>rhs1 & 9 "s cutane\s affections4#fed ,to promote its purgative effects1 magnesia w be f\nd a s]viceable adjunct 9 hmorrhoids2 x may be giv5 9 ! =m ( an electu>y1 or susp5d$ 9 milk2 its solution 9 oil 7,oleum ,sulphuratum7 is a mo/ nause\s & acrid prep>ation4 ,:5 sulphur is comb9$ ) metallic rem$ies1 x g5]ally less5s _! activity4 ,its effects 9 cur+ psora are univ]sally admitt$1 & ! only objection to its use is ! disgu/+ smell :i* accompanies its application2 see ,ungu5t3 ,sulphuris4 ,dr4 ,cl>ke ( ,dubl9 recomm5ds a lotion :i* he says conta9s a suffici5t impregnation ( sulphur = ! cure ( psora 9 *ildr51 to be made by add+ an ounce ( brok5 sulphur to a qu>t ( boil+ wat]1 & all[+ x to infuse = twelve h\rs4 ,9 ?is process1 ! wat] probably takes up a small portion ( sulphur\s acid2 x is difficult to expla9 ! efficacy ( ! lotion 9 any o!r mann]4 ,:5 sulphur is int]nally adm9i/]$1 x transpires ?r\gh ! sk9 9 ! /ate ( sulphurett$ hydrog51 & black5s ! silv] 9 ! pockets ( ^? :o take x4 ,,dose j to iij4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,sulphur ,lotum4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,sulphur ,prcipitatum4 ,l4 ,ungu5t4 ,sulph4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,ungu5t4 ,sulph4 comp4 ,l4 ,,sulphur ,,lotum4 ,:5 sulphur is kept 9 loosely cov]$ draw]s its surface is soon acidifi$1 :5 x is said to op]ate ) grip+1 h5ce ! common fl[]s are direct$ to be wa%$ ) wat] to get rid ( any sulphur\s acid2 x is h[ev] r>ely p]=m$1 & w\ld seem to be a useless subtlety4 ,,sulphur ,,pr,,cipitatum4 ,l4 ,lac ,sulphuris1 ,p4,l4 #agbj4 ,?is1 :5 pure1 diff]s 9 no o!r respect f sublim$ sulphur ?an 9 its sup]ior :it5ess1 :i* x owes to ! pres5ce ( a small proportion ( wat]2 9 consequ5ce h[ev] ( its mode ( prep>ation1 x always conta9s a small quantity ( sulphate ( lime1 & n unfrequ5tly o!r impurities2 x may be assay$ by p\r+ ^u a suspect$ sample a suffici5t quantity ( liquor potass to cov] x1 & sett+ x aside 9 a w>m place to dige/1 :5 ! sulphur w be dissolv$ & ! impurities rema92 or x might be at once subject$ to ! op]ation ( heat2 :i* w\ld volatilize ! sulphur1 & ?us sep>ate x f its contam9ations4 ,,syrupi4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,syrups4 ,^! are solutions ( sug> 9 wat]1 wat]y infusions1 or 9 vegetable juices2 ! proportion ( sug> is g5]ally two p>ts to "o ( ! fluid2 if x exce$s ?is1 ! solution w cry/allize1 if x be less1 f]m5t1 & become acesc5t4#fee ,! mo/ c]ta9 te/ ( ! prop] consi/5ce ( a syrup is its specific gravity2 a bottle t holds ?ree ounces ( wat] at #ee ,fah4 ought to hold f\r ounces ( syrup4 ,syrups are introduc$ into m$ic9al =mul = sev]al purposes1 viz4 ,i4 ,to correct or disguise ! flav\r ( disagreeable rem$ies4 ,syrup3 ,aurantiorum4 ,l4,d4 7,=m1 #dh1 #ea1 #ajg47--,limonum1 ,l4,e4,d4--,simplex 7#abd1 #ade74--,z+ib]is 7#hh1 #ie1 #aje47 ,bitt] infusions1 & sal9e solutions are r5d]$ m nause\s by ! addition ( syrups4 ,,ii4 ,to produce ,m$ic9al ,effects4 ,syrup3 ,allii4 ,d4--,al!4 ,l4,e4 7#ace7--;,acidi ,acetosi4 ,e4--,col*ici4 ,e4--,s5n4 ,e4,d4 7#gj7--,scill ,m>itim4 ,e4--,rhamni4 ,l4 ,papav]is4 ,l4,e4,d4 7#e1 #g1 #ge1 #afi1 #agj47--,ros 7#gd7--,z+ib]is 7#dg1 #aej7--,s>sap>ill4 ,l4 ,,iii4 ,to communicate peculi> =ms4 ,e syrup answ]s ?is purpose2 = ! necess>y proportions1 see ,electu>ia4 ,,iv4 ,to communicate an agreeable col\r4 ,syrup4 ,croci3 ,l4--,rhados4 ,l4,d4 7#aff1 #afh47--;,c>yophylli ,rubri4 ,d4--,viol4 ,e4 ,except t ( ,saffron1 ^! syrups are r5d]$ gre5 by alkalies1 & r$ by acids4 ,,g5]al ,,rem>ks4 ,! practition] %\ld nev] introduce syrups into ^? m$ic9es :i* are liable to be injur$ by ! g5]ation ( acids3 ,i h frequ5tly se5 ! cretace\s mixture1 :5 *>g$ ) syrup4 ,increase1 in/ead ( *eck1 a di>rha2 & ! syrup ( poppies1 f its disposition to become acesc5t1 w (t5 aggravate r ?an allay ! *olic ( infants4 ,! syrup ( ,s5na furni%es ! practition] ) a conv5i5t purgative = *ildr52 t ( buck?orn is m viol5t1 & is on t acc\nt b r>ely us$2 besides :i*1 9 prep>+ x ! *emi/ n unfrequ5tly sub/itutes ! b]ries ( ! ,cornus ,sangu9ea1 ! ,dogb]ry-tree1 or ^? ( ! ,rhamnus ,frangula1 ! ,ald]-buck?orn1 = ! ,rhamnus ,ca?>ticus2 a circum/ance :i* necess>ily r5d]s ! efficacy ( ?is syrup v>iable & unc]ta92 x is moreov] (t5 sophi/icat$ ) treacle & jalap4 ,! syrup ( ! rose1 :5 made ) ! leaves ( ! ,damask#fef rose1 is g5tly laxative1 & is well adapt$ = weak *ildr52 x is h[ev] n unusual1 coloris gratia1 to sub/itute ! leaves ( ! r$ rose1 9 :i* case ! syrup w possess a/r+5t in/ead ( laxative prop]ties4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( ! syrup ( poppies1#feg ! directions ( ! ,college are frequ5tly n obey$2 x is sometimes made by dissolv+ ! extract 9 syrup1 =m$ ) co>se sug>1 or ev5 ) treacle2 at o!rs1 by add+ t9cture ( opium to a co>se syrup1 9 ! proportion ( x to e fj4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( ! syrups ( violets1 ! juice ( r$ cabbage is g5]ally sub/itut$2 ?is is at lea/ a h>mless fraud4 ,,note4 ,! syrups :i* are pr9t$ 9 ,italics1 are v susceptible ( decomposition1 & %\ld be kept 9 cool places4 ,,tabaci ,,folia4 ,l4,e4 7,nicotiana ,tabacum4 ,folia ,siccata4 ,virg9iana47 ,,nicotian ,,folia4 ,d4 ,tobacco4 ,,qualities4 ,od\r1 /rong1 n>cotic1 & ftid2 ,ta/e1 bitt]1 & extremely acrid2 ,col\r1 yell[i% gre51 7its br[n appe>ance is artificial1 be+ produc$ by ! action ( sulphate ( iron47 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,mucilage1 album51 glut51 extractive1 a bitt] pr9ciple1 an ess5tial oil1 nitrate ( potass1 :i* occasions its deflagration1 muriate ( potass1 & a peculi> proximate pr9ciple ^u :i* ! prop]ties ( ! plant are suppos$ to dep5d1 & :i* has !re=e be5 nam$ ,nicot94#feh ,vauquel9 consid]s x z approa*+ ! volatile oils 9 its prop]ties2 x is col\rless1 has an acrid ta/e1 & ! peculi> smell ( tobacco1 & occasions viol5t sneez+2 ) alcohol & wat]1 x produces col\rless solutions1 f :i* x is ?r[n d[n by t9cture ( galls4 ,,solubility4 ,tobacco yields its active matt] bo? to wat] & _s1 b m p]fectly to ! latt]2 long coction weak5s its p[]s4 ,an oil ( tobacco ( a mo/ p[]ful nature1 may be obta9$ by di/ill+ ! leaves & sep>at+ x f ! wat]1 on ! top ( :i* x w be f\nd to float4#fei ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,tobacco is endu$ ) en]getic poison\s prop]ties1 produc+ g5]ally a univ]sal tremor :i* is r>ely ! result ( o!r poisons2 ! exp]im5ts ( ,m4 ,orfila moreov] demon/rate1 t ! action ( ,tobacco is mu* m en]getic :5 ! soluble portion is inject$ into ! anus1 ?an :5 x is appli$ to ! cellul> texture1 & = a /ill /rong] reason1 ?an :5 introduc$ into ! /oma*4 ,mr4 ,brodie1 f ! result ( a well devis$ exp]im5t1 has d$uc$ ! conclusion t ! infusion ( ,tobacco acts ^u ! he>t1 occasion+ syncope1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,,uses4 ,z a p[]ful s$ative1 x is sometimes valuable 9 m$ical practice2 ! leaves1 :5 appli$ 9 ! =m ( a cataplasm to ! pit ( ! /oma*1 produce an emetic op]ation2 7,=m4 #fg47 ,9 cases ( ob/9ate con/ipation1 dep5d+ ^u viol5t spasmodic con/riction1 or 9 ileus1 or inc>c]at$ h]nia1 cly/]s ( ! smoke ( ,tobacco1 or ( an infusion made accord+ to ! ,london ,college1 produce almo/ imm$iate relief1 7,=m4 #bf472 ! practice is n unfrequ5tly att5d$ ) sev]e vomit+1 extreme debility1 & cold sweats1 circum/ances :i* r5d] its adm9i/ration highly dang]\s 9 cases :]e9 ! pati5t has be5 already exhau/$ by previ\s suff]+4 ,i rememb] witness+ a lam5table in/ance ( ?is tru? "s ye>s ago2 a m$ical practition]1 aft] repeat$ trials to r$uce a /rangulat$ h]nia1 inject$ an infusion ( ,tobacco1 & %ortly aft]w>ds s5t ! pati5t 9 a c>riage to ! ,we/m9/] ,hospital1 = ! purpose ( und]go+ ! op]ation2 b ! un=tunate man arriv$ only a few m9utes be=e he expir$4 ,cly/]s ( ,tobacco 7 "s ye>s ago recomm5d$ 9 ,am]ica1 = ! purpose ( =w>d+ difficult p>turition1 by induc+ relaxation & consequ5t dilatation ( ! os ut]i1 b ! al>m+ symptoms :i* foll[$ ! s+le case 9 :i* ,tobacco 0 ?us employ$1 ought1 says ,dr4 ,m]riman1 to prev5t a repetition ( ! exp]im5t4#ffj ,x 0 also =m]ly propos$ to inject infusions ( ,tobacco1 = ! purpose ( recov]+ p]sons 9 a /ate ( asphyxia f dr[n+2 x is difficult to expla9 h[ su* an idea c\ld h ent]$ into ! m9d ( ! rational physiologi/4 ,smok+ or *ew+ ,tobacco has be5 also advis$ 9 cases ( spasmodic a/hma1 & z a g5]al s$ative to relieve suff]+2 9 ! process ( smok+1 ! oil is sep>at$1 & be+ r5d]$ empyreumatic by heat1 x is ?us appli$ to ! fauces 9 its mo/ active /ate4 ,z a diuretic x 0 successfully exhibit$ by ,dr4 ,f[l]1 b z its op]ation is unc]ta9 & viol5t1 & appe>s to be v analog\s to t ( ,digitalis1 :i* is f> m safe & manageable1 x has be5 v judici\sly disc>d$ f practice4 ,! ext]nal application ( ,tobacco 9 ! =m ( cataplasm or infusion1 has be5 appli$ to sev]al species ( cutane\s disease1 b ev5 9 ?is /ate x is liable to ex]t its virul5t effects4 ,a woman appli$ to ! heads ( ?ree *ildr5 afflict$ ) t9ea capitis1 a l9im5t consi/+ ( p[d]$ tobacco & butt]1 soon aft] :i* !y exp]i5c$ v]tigo1 viol5t vomit+1 & fa9t+4 7,ephem]ides des ,curieux de la ,nature1 ,dec4 ii4 ,an3 i4 p4 #df47 ,a case has j occurr$ 9 ?is c\ntry ( a *ild ^: dea? 0 occasion$ by h] hav+ swall[$ a portion ( half-smok$ tobacco1 :i* 0 tak5 f ! pipe ( h] fa!r1 & 9 :i* !re no d\bt exi/$ a quantity ( ess5tial oil1 :i* _h be5 sep>at$ by ! act ( smok+4 ,x is a curi\s fact1 t ! juice ( ! gre5 leaves in/antly cures ! /++ ( nettles4 ,,adult]ations4 ,:5 x exhales a fetid od\r1 we may inf] t x has be5 badly prep>$1 & n depriv$ ( all its mucus2 :5 pung5t1 ! pres5ce ( "s delet]i\s drug is indicat$3 ,casc>illa is v usually add$ to imp>t a peculi> flav\r2 ,nitre is also employ$ = ! sake ( mak+ x k9dle m rapidly1 & to impress a lively s5sation on ! tongue2 its vap\r is ( c\rse v injuri\s to ! lungs3 its pres5ce may be detect$ by treat+ a suspect$ sample ) hot wat]1 & aft] filt]+ ! solution ?r\gh *>coal1 sett+ x aside 9 ord] t x may yield its cry/als by evaporation4 ,traces ( ,lead1 ,copp]1 or ,antimony1 may be discov]$ by boil+ ! ,tobacco 9 /rong v9eg>1 &1 aft] filt]+ x z be=e1 by assay+ x ) appropriate te/s4 ,black ,hellebore1 ,alum1 ,sug>1 & ,corrosive sublimate are among/ ! m usual sophi/ications4 ,dri$ ,dock leaves are also sometimes sub/itut$4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep3 ,infus3 ,tabacci4 ,l4 ,v9um ,nicotian3 ,tabac3 ,e4 ,,snuff4 ,?is well kn[n errh9e is prep>$ f ! dri$ leaves ( ,tobacco2 9 its manufacture h[ev]1 num]\s additions are made :i* are kept secret4 ,salt is add$ = ! purpose ( increas+ its weight2 ,ur9e1 ,muriate ( ammonia1 & p[d]$ ,glass1 to height5 its acrimony4 ,! v>i$ flav\r ( diff]5t ,snuffs is ow+ to ! leaf be+ 9 great] or less p]fection2 or to its hav+ und]gone "s degree ( f]m5tation2 ?us1 = in/ance1 ! ,mac\ba ,snuff ( ,m>t9ique is pr9cipally indebt$ = its ackn[l$g$ sup]iority to ! f]m5tation :i* ! ,tobacco und]goes1 f be+ moi/5$ ) ! be/ cane juice2 o!r k9ds are excit$ into f]m5tation by moi/5+ !m ) melasses & wat]4 ,snuff possesses all ! p[]s ( ,tobacco2 ! celebrat$ ,santeuil exp]i5c$ vomit+ & horrible pa9s1 amid/ :i* he expir$1 9 consequ5ce ( hav+ drank a glass ( w9e1 into :i* _h be5 put "s ,spani% snuff4#ffa ,,tam>9di ,,pulpa4 ,l4 7,,tam>9dus ,,indica47 ,,tam>9dus3 ,,fructus4 ,d4 ,,fructus ,,conditus4 ,e4 ,! ,pulp or pres]v$ ,fruit ( ! ,tam>9d4#ffb ,,qualities4 ,ta/e1 sweeti% acid2 ,od\r1 none4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 j ( ,tam>9ds is compos$ ( ,citric acid grs4 #de1 ,malic acid grs4 #b1 ,sup]-t>trate ( potass grs4 #ae1 toge!r ) sug>1 gum1 jelly1 fecula1 & woody fibre4 ,,uses4 ,a pleasant febrifuge may be =m$ by infus+ ,tam>9ds 9 wat] or milk2 !y improve ! ta/e ( ! m nause\s ca?>tics4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep3 ,confectio ,cassi4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,infus3 ,tam>9d3 cum ,s5na4 ,e4,d4 ,,caution4 ,copp] vessels %\ld nev] be employ$ = ! prep>ation ( any comp\nd :i* conta9s ,tam>9ds4 ,,t>axaci ,,radix4 ,l4,e4 7,leontodon ,t>axacum47 ,d5s ,leonis4 ,d&elion4 ,,qualities4 ,od\r1 none2 ,ta/e1 bitt]1 & some:at sweet & acidul\s4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,! active pr9ciples appe> to consi/ ( extractive1 glut51 a bitt] pr9ciple 7n res9\s71 & t>t>ic acid4 ,,solubility4 ,wat] extracts its virtues mu* bett] ?an _s4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,infusion ( ,galls1 ,nitrate ( ,silv]1 ,oxy-muriate ( ,m]cury1 ,acetate ( ,lead1 & ,sulphate ( ,iron occasion precipitates 9 its solutions4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x has long enjoy$ ! reputation ( prov+ b5eficial 9 ob/ructions ( ! liv]1 & 9 visc]al diseases2 ,b]gius extols its use 9 ^! compla9ts1 & recomm5ds ! rec5t root to be boil$ 9 :ey or bro?4 ,dr4 ,pemb]ton has m rec5tly add$ 8 te/imony to its value2 he obs]ves t he has se5 great advantage result f us+ ! extract 9 *ronic inflammation1 & incipi5t s*irrhus ( ! liv]1 & 9 *ronic d]angem5t ( ! /oma*4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,9 t ( extract1 or 9 decoction made by boil+ j ( ! slic$ root 9 oj ( wat] d[n to oss1 add+ to ! /ra9$ liquid j ( ,cream ( t>t>2 ! rec5t full gr[n root only %\ld be us$4 ,,dose fjj1 twice or ?rice a day4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep3 ,extract3 ,t>axaci4 ,! roots are roa/$ & us$ at ,gott+5 by ! poor] p = c(fee1 f :i* a decoction ( !m prop]ly prep>$ c h>dly be di/+ui%$4#ffc ,! leaves ( ?is plant are blan*$1 & v commonly us$ on ! cont95t z a salad4 ,,t]eb9?9a4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,turp5t9e4 ,mo/ species ( ,p9us#ffd may be made to yield 7& _m ( !m produce spontane\sly7 a rem>kable res9\s juice1 usually call$ ,turp5t9e3 an appellation1 h[ev]1 :i* m prop]ly belongs to ! product ( a diff]5t g5us1 call$ by ,l9nu ,pi/a*ia1 :i* conta9s ! true ,t]eb9?us#ffe ( ! anci5ts4 ,,qualities4 ,consi/5ce1 semifluid & t5aci\s1 b becom+ m or less concrete by age2 ,od\r1 aromatic2 ,ta/e1 pung5t1 au/]e1 & a/r+5t4 ,x is inflammable4 ,,solubility4 ,x is entirely soluble 9 rectifi$ _s1 b n at all 9 wat]2 al?\gh x becomes miscible ) t fluid1 by ! m$iation ( ! yelk or ! :ite ( an egg1 b m elegantly by t ( vegetable mucilage1 & =ms a milky liquor4 ,x is capable ( ent]+ into union ) fix$ oils4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,res91 & an ess5tial oil1 ! proportions ( :i* v>y accord+ to ! species ( ,p9e f :i* x is obta9$4 ,!y all1 h[ev]1 possess ! same g5]al *emical1 z well z m$ic9al prop]ties1 viz4 ,:5 int]nally tak51 says ,dr4 ,maton1 !y seem to w>m ! visc]a1 raise ! pulse1 & imp>t additional excitem5t to ! vascul> sy/em2 appli$ ext]nally1 !y increase ! tone ( ! "p1 c\nt]act indol5ce ( action1 & det]ge1 z x 71 ill-condition$ ulc]s4 ,int]nal ulc]ations inde$1 especially ( ! ur9>y passages1 z well z laxities ( ! sem9al & ut]9e vessels1 are suppos$ to be dim9i%$ by ! exhibition ( prep>ations ( ?is nature4 ,!y c]ta9ly appe> to act 9 a peculi> mann] on ! ur9>y organs1 impregnat+ ! wat] ) a violet smell1 & !re are /rong gr\nds = believ+ t its volatile elem5t1 develop$ by ! p[]s ( dige/ion1 passes into ! circulation1 & is elim9at$ by ! kidneys1 ^: secret+ vessels are ?us /imulat$ by its contact4 7,page #ic47 ,pulmon>y compla9ts1 z ob/9ate c\ghs & a/hmatic affections1 h be5 said to give way to m$ic9es ( ?is class2 yet1 9 mod]n practice1 rec\rse is r>ely _h to !m 9 su* cases1 & _! exhibition is ev5 consid]$ haz>d\s4 ,! anci5ts 7 accu/om$ to m$icate _! w9es ) v>i\s ,t]eb9?9ate sub/ances1 = ! effect ( :i*1 see ,v9um4 ,! p>ticul> prep>ations ( ,turp5t9e mo/ employ$ 9 m$ic9e1 w be notic$ "u ! diff]5t species4 #a4 ,,t]eb9?9a ,,canad5sis4 ,l4 7,p9us ,balsamea4 ,res9a ,liquida47 ,canada ,turp5t9e1 or ,canada ,balsam4#fff ,?is is a transp>5t :iti% juice1 br\ght to ?is c\ntry f ,canada1 & app>5tly1 says ,dr4 ,maton1 n v diff]5t 9 its qualities f ! celebrat$ ,balm ( ,gilead1#ffg s high 9 e/eem among ! ea/]n nations1 & s /rongly recomm5d$ 9 a v>iety ( compla9ts4 ,hi!rto1 h[ev]1 x has n be5 mu* employ$ 9 ,engl&4 ,its od\r is agreeable1 & its ta/e /rong & pung5t4 #b4 ,,t]eb9?9a ,,*ia4 ,l4 7,pi/a*ia ,t]eb9?us47 ,*io1 or ,cyprus ,turp5t9e4 ,! sup]iority ( ?is species to all ! products ( ! p9e tribe1 0 well kn[n to1 & describ$ by1 mo/ ( ! anci5t writ]s on ! mat]ia m$ica4 ,x is pellucid1 ) a blui%-gre5 ca/4 #c4 ,,t]eb9?9a ,,vulg>is4 ,l4 7,p9us ,sylve/ris4 ,scot* ,fir47 ,common ,turp5t9e4 ,horse ,turp5t9e4 ,?is species is m co>se & d5se ?an any o!r k9d1 & has an opaque light br[n col\r2 its consi/5ce may be comp>$ to t ( honey2 ! ta/e is v acrid1 hot1 & disagreeable1 & ! smell mu* less pleasant ?an ei!r ! ,v5ice or ! ,/rasburg turp5t9e4 ,x is ! k9d :i*1 z its "n implies1 is mo/ commonly employ$1 & al?\gh inf]ior 9 quality to t ( ! turp5t9e tree1 ,pi/a*ia ,t]eb9?us 7,*io or ,cyprus71 ! ,l>*1 ,p9us ,l>ix 7,v5ice ,turp5t9e71 & ! ,silv] ,fir1 ,p9us ,picea 7,/rasburgh ,turp5t9e71 especially = int]nal use1 yet x is too (t5 sub/itut$ = !m 9 ! %ops ( ! druggi/4 ,! ,colleges ( ,london & ,ed9burgh direct ! common turp5t9e to be us$ *iefly 9 ext]nal applications1 = :i* x 0 also mu* employ$ by ! anci5ts4 ,celsus m5tions1 8,res9a liquida p9ea10 z ent]+ into ! composition ( _m ( 8 8,malagmata10 & ! 8,res9a liquida10 ( o!r writ]s w\ld appe> to be ( ! same k9d4 ,! ,ungu5tum ,elemi compositum conta9s ?is res9\s juice z a pr9cipal +r$i5t4 #d4 ,,t]eb9?9a ,,v5eta4 7,p9us ,l>ix47#ffh ,! ,l>*4 ,v5ice ,turp5t9e4 ,! res9 is by mo/ writ]s1 & 9 ! %ops1 e/eem$ ! be/1 aft] t ( ,pi/a*ia ,t]eb9?us1 ( ^? juices commonly call$ ,turp5t9es4 ,x is usually ?9n] ?an any o!r k9d1 ( a pale yell[i% col\r1 & ( a hot1 pung5t1 bitt]i% ta/e2 ! smell is /rong1 & f> f be+ agreeable4 ,al?\gh x be>s ! "n ( ,v5ice ,turp5t9e1 v little ( x is export$ f ! ,v5etian t]ritories2 b x is probable t ! m]*ants ( t c\ntry 7 ! fir/ :o sub/itut$ x = ! g5u9e ,turp5t9e ( ,cyprus4 ,! res9\s juice ( ! ,l>* is said to rema9 always1 or at lea/ a v long "t1 9 a /ate ( liquidity2 a prop]ty :i* is p>ticul>ly adv]t$ to by ,pl9y4#ffi ,z a ,diuretic1 ! ,v5ice ,turp5t9e has be5 g5]ally pref]r$ to all ! o!r k9ds2 & x is said to relax ! b[els m1 = :i* reason ,riv]ius#fgj consid]s x z be+ saf] ?an o!r irritat+ diuretics4 #e4 ,,t]eb9?9a ,,arg5torat5sis4 7,p9us ,picea47 ,/rasburg ,turp5t9e4 ,?is res9 is g5]ally ( a middle consi/5ce betwe5 t ( ! ,t]eb9?us & ! ,l>ix2 m transp>5t & less t5aci\s ?an ei!r2 9 col\r yell[i% br[n2 9 smell m agreeable ?an any o!r turp5t9e1 except ! ,cyprian2 9 ta/e ! bitt]e/1 yet ! lea/ acrid4 ,=m ( ,exhibition4 ,! ,turp5t9es may be ei!r made into ,pills ) p[d]$ liquorice root1 or susp5d$ 9 wat] by ! int]v5tion ( egg or mucilage2 = :i* purpose1 j requires ! yelk ( "o egg1 or iss ( gum arabic4 ,dose1 gr4 x to j4 ,,t]eb9?9 ,,oleum4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,oil ( ,turp5t9e4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 a limpid & col\rless liquid1 ^: specific gravity is only #gib2 ,od\r1 /rong1 p5etrat+1 & peculi>2 ,ta/e1 hot1 bitt] & pung5t4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x is an ess5tial oil1 possess+1 h[ev]1 peculi> habitudes ) respect to alcohol1 be+ readily dissolv$ by hot alcohol1 b sep>at+ aga9 9 drops1 z ! _s cools2 9 ! cold x is sp>+ly soluble 9 ! /ronge/ alcohol1 & sep>ates f x on /&+2 b x dissolves completely 9 six p>ts ( sulphuric !r4 ,x is n act$ ^u by ! alkalies1 except by long triture1 :5 x is conv]t$ into a species ( res94#fga ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x acts accord+ to ! dose1 ei!r on ! prim vi produc+ ca?>sis1 or on ! kidneys1 excit+ diuresis2 ?us its op]ation (f]s ano!r illu/ration ( ! views :i* ,i h s frequ5tly urg$ dur+ ! progress ( ! pres5t "w2 x furni%es a /rik+ example ( ! important influ5ce ( quantity1 or dose1 9 det]m9+ ! specific op]ation ( a rem$y2 ?us two fluid-dra*ms ( ! oil may s excite ! ur9>y organs z to produce ev5 bloody ur9e1 & ! o!r ill effects describ$ by ,bo]haave & ,lange2 :]eas six fluid-dra*ms1 or a fluid-ounce1 w /imulate ! b[els1 & produce sc>cely any app>5t effect ^u ! kidneys4 ,z a m$ic9e act+ p[]fully on ! fir/ passages1 its value seems only to h be5 lately appreciat$2 9 ,tnia1 x may be said to act almo/ z a specific rem$y1 dis*>g+ x 9 all cases1 dead4 ,9 ob/9ate con/ipation1 dep5d+ on affections ( ! bra91 ,i h lately _h sev]al opportunities or witness+ its b5eficial effects2 9 an un=tunate in/ance ( ,hydrocephalus acutus 9 a boy ( ?irte5 ye>s ( age1#fgb x br\ght away an accumulation ( fecul5t matt] almo/ incr$ible z to quantity1 aft] ! total failure ( ! /ronge/ doses ( ord9>y purgatives2 &1 ,i believe1 if its dose be suffici5tly l>ge1 t x may g5]ally be adm9i/]$ ) p]fect safety & confid5ce4 ,dr4 ,la?am has long reg>d$ x z a valuable m$ic9e 9 ,epilepsy1 9 :i* cases x may 9 ! fir/ in/ance prove b5eficial by unload+ ! b[els1 & subsequ5tly 9 produc+ an affection ( ! head peculi> to its use2 &1 :i* g5]ally succe$s a l>ge dose1 x is an approa* to intoxication1 b is unaccompani$ ) t hil>ity & elevation ( ?\ght t s usually foll[ ! potation ( spiritu\s liquors4 ,9 small doses x produces diuresis1 & is us$ ) mu* advantage 9 sciatica & lumbago4#fgc ,its use 9 diseases ( ! kidneys orig9at+ f ulc]ations & ob/ructions 9 ^? organs has be5 v highly extoll$4 ,*eyne1 9 8 ,essay on ! g\t1 recomm5ds x z a specific 9 ,sciatica2 ^u ?is subject my own exp]i5ce s completely confirms ! tru? ( ,dr4 ,maton's obs]vations1 t ,i %all "h ins]t !m4 8,if10 says he1 8,i may be all[$ to (f] ! result ( my own practice1 its effects are 9 a few in/ances successful 9 ! removal ( t disease2 & ev5 ^? cases :i* ,i h se5 cur$ "u its use1 appe>$ to be r ( ! symptomatic ?an idiophatic k9d2 x is reasonable to presume t ! sciatic n]ve1 f its orig9 & c\rse1 may owe "s ( its morbid affections to an ob/ruct$ uret]1 z well z to a rheumatic dia!sis40 ,=m3 #ej4 ,hunt] spoke ( oil ( turp5t9e z a /yptic1 & x has be5 adm9i/]$ 9 ! ,almond emulsion 9 cases ( int]nal hemorrhage ( an active nature4 ,we %\ld h[ev] be v c>eful h[ we make su* an exp]im5t4 ,?is oil has ! effect ( communicat+ ! od\r ( violets to ! ur9e ( ^? :o take x1 & :at is /ill m extraord9>y1 to ^? ev5 :o m]ely expose !mselves = a %ort "t to its effluvia3#fgd a mixture ( x ( ?is oil ) fj ( almond oil1 introduc$ ^u cotton into ! e>s1 is s]viceable 9 cases ( deafness result+ f a diseas$ action ( ! c]um9if]\s gl&s2 x is also employ$ z a local /imulant 9 a v>iety ( cases3 & 9 *olic1 & ob/9ate con/ipation1 x is sometimes exhibit$ 9 ! =m ( an enema4 ,9 ,am]ica1 oil ( ,turp5t9e1 9 doses ( a dra*m e h\r or two1 has be5 successfully adm9i/]$ 9 cases ( ,yell[ fev]1 :51 says ,dr4 ,*apman1 x appe>s to be soo?+ 9 its effects1 remov+ ! s5se ( heat & irritation 9 ! /oma*1 subdu+ ! =ce ( vascul> action & g5]al excitem5t1 & induc+ at once a condition ( m com=t & security4 ,orfila also recomm5ds x z ! be/ corrective ( inflammation 9 ! /oma* f acrid poisons4 ,9 ?is c\ntry x has be5 v successfully employ$ 9 cases ( ,melna1 & 9 ,pu]p]al fev]4 ,z a /imulat+ l9im5t its advantages are consid]able1 see ,l9im5t3 ,t]eb9?3 ,9 ,g]many1 ,norway1 & "s p>ts ( ! ,russian ,empire1 ?is ess5tial oil is frequ5tly us$ z a rem$y = lesions ( ! t5dons1 & o!r bruises4#fge ,,dose z an an!lm9tic1 fss-fij1 repeat$ e eight h\rs until ! worm is eject$2 9 ^! l>ge quantities x is m conv5i5t1 z well z m efficaci\s1 to adm9i/] x l ca/or oil1 float+ ^u "s liquid aromatic vehicle3#fgf by rubb+ up ,oil ( ,turp5t9e ) mucilage1 we d b r5d] x m pung5t1 & difficult to swall[4 ,z a diuretic or /imulant x may be giv5 9 ! =m ( an electu>y1 9 doses ( f x to fj4 ,x may be also employ$ z a v active cly/]1 made by c>efully incorporat+ "o or two table spoonsful ( ! oil ) ! yelk ( an egg1 & add+ to x a p9t ( ?9 mucilage4 ,?is t]eb9?9ate cly/] is well calculat$ to relieve a p>oxysm ( flatul5t *olic4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,l9im5t4 ,t]eb9?4 ,l4 ,! ,ph>macopias direct ! rectification ( ! oil by r$i/illation1#fgg :5 x is commonly call$ ,_s ( turp5t9e1 b x appe>s to be an unnecess>y ref9em5t4 ,dr4 ,nimmo has propos$ ! foll[+ process = purify+ ! oil int5d$ = m$ic9al use1 by :i* x is said to h its disagreeable flav\r less5$ )\t su/a9+ any loss ( efficacy4 ,to eight p>ts ( ! oil1 add "o "p ( ! /ronge/ alcohol1 & let !m be well agitat$ toge!r4 ,9 a few m9utes a sep>ation takes place2 ! oil1 unless v impure1 falls to ! bottom1 & ! alcohol1 hav+ dis*>g$ ! impurities1 floats at ! top4 ,p\r (f ! alcoholic portion1 add a simil> quantity ( alcohol1 & proce$ z be=e4 ,if ?is be repeat$ ?ree or f\r times1 ! oil w become ne>ly ta/eless1 almo/ inodor\s1 & :5 evaporat$ w leave no residuum4 ,b pure z ! oil may be ?us r5d]$1 x spe$ily returns to its orig9al condition4 ,,tiglii ,,oleum4 ,l4 ,oil ( ,tiglium4 ,croton ,tiglium4 ,oleum e ,sem9ibus expressum4 ,! ,croton ,tiglium is a native ( ! isl& ( ,ceylon1 & is f\nd 9 ,malab>1 ,*9a1 ,co*9*9a1 & ! ,molucca ,isl&s4 ,e "p ( ! plant w\ld seem to be end[$ ) m$ic9al activity2 ! root acts z a dra/ic purgative1 & :5 pulv]iz$1 & exhibit$ 9 ! dose ( a few gra9s1 is consid]$ at ,amboyna & ,batavia1 z a specific = dropsy2 ! wood 7lignum ,pavan7 produces1 :5 adm9i/]$ 9 small doses1 a diaphoretic effect1 & 9 l>g] ones x proves dra/ic2 ! leaves are also purgative1 & :5 dri$ & p[d]$ are suppos$ to af=d an antidote aga9/ ! bite ( ! cobra del ,capella4 ,! se$s1 h[ev]1 are ! p>ts :i* h be5 m g5]ally employ$ 9 m$ic9e1 ! effects ( :i* appe> to h be5 well kn[n = ne>ly a ?\s& ye>s4,a ,!y 7 e>ly introduc$ into ,europe1 & long kn[n "u ! names ( ,grana ,molucca--,tilii ,grana--& ,grana ,tiglia4#fgh ,x appe>s t !y 7 at fir/ v frequ5tly adm9i/]$1 b _! extreme acrimony & viol5ce1#fgi & probably ! accid5ts :i* arose f _! injudici\s use1 soon bani%$ ! article f m$ical practice2 9 ,india1 h[ev] ^! se$s are /ill employ$ z an effectual purgative1 aft] fir/ und]go+ ! process ( roa/+1 or bak+1 = ! purpose ( remov+ ! %ell1 r5d]+ ! nut pulv]ul5t1 & at ! same "t ( mod]at+ ! acrimoni\s qualities4#fhj ,! express$ oil ( ^! se$s does n appe> to h be5 obta9$ 9 a sep>ate =m until a lat] p]iod2 ,lem]y speaks ( x1 & ,ge(froy 9 direct+ its dose cautions u aga9/ giv+ m ?an j6--he probably meant a drop4 ,its use has v lately be5 reviv$1 & !re c be little d\bt b t "u prop] re/rictions1 x may become a valuable acquisition to ! practition]4 ,! pr(ession is indebt$ = its late introduction1 or r revival1 to ,mr4 ,e4 ,conwell1 ( ! ,ea/ ,india ,company's ,m$ical ,s]vice1 on ! ,madras ,e/abli%m5t1 :o1#fha hav+ = _m ye>s prescrib$ x ) advantage1 introduc$ a quantity ( x = trial 9 ,london1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( 8 fri5d1 ,mr4 ,%ort1 ( ,ratcliffe ,highway4 ,,qualities4 ,?is express$ oil has a yell[ col\r1 a fa9t od\r1 & an acrid ta/e2 ^! qualities h[ev] w be f\nd to v>y 9 diff]5t samples2 b ! fact1 z ,dr4 ,nimmo#fhb has ju/ly obs]v$1 may be fairly expla9$1 )\t suspect+ ! exi/5ce ( any fraud1 by suppos+ t ! se$s h und]gone a diff]5t degree ( torrefaction1 9 ord] to sep>ate ! oil f ! f>9ace\s "p4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,! rec5t exp]im5ts ( ,dr4 ,nimmo h v satisfactorily %ewn t ?is oil consi/s ( #de p>ts ( an ,acrid purgative pr9ciple1 & #ee ( a fix$ oil resembl+ t ( olives1 & n possess$ ( any ca?>tic prop]ty4 ,! acrid pr9ciple appe>s to reside 9 a res9\s matt] soluble 9 alcohol & sulphuric !r1 & 9 volatile & fix$ oils4 ,i h lately repeat$ "s ( ,dr4 ,nimmo's exp]im5ts on a rec5tly import$ sample ( oil1 & ) simil> results4 ,! acrid pr9ciple appe>s to be> a /rong analogy to t :i* ,i sep>at$ f elat]ium1 & z ,i gave to ?is latt] pr9ciple ! t]m ,elat91 x seems to me t we might ) mu* propriety1 apply ! "n ,tigl9 to ! =m]1 especially z x does n appe> to possess any ( ! *>act]s & habitudes ( a salifiable basis2 at all ev5ts ! adoption ( su* a t]m w obviate ! necessity ( circumlocution 9 our descriptions4 ,,solubility4 ,by alcohol ! oil und]goes a ready decomposition2 ! ,tigl9 is dissolv$ toge!r ) a v m9ute quantity ( ! oily "p4 ,e!r & oil ( turp5t9e dissolve ! :ole2 a fact :i* enables u1 by dige/+ ! se$s 9 ^! m5/rua1 to obta9 ! article 9 z g5u9e1 & c]ta9ly 9 a mu* m uni=m1 condition1 ?an by ! processes ( torrefaction & expression1 z practis$ 9 ,india2 = ?is fact we are also indebt$ to ,dr4 ,nimmo4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,z f> z ,i h be5 able to asc]ta9 ! fact1 ?is oil does n appe> to produce any effects :i* _c be comm&$ by o!r dra/ic purgatives2 its value dep5ds ^u ! facility ) :i* x may be adm9i/]$2 9 "s cases x is amply suffici5t to t\* ! tongue1 9 o!rs1 a drop or two w be requir$4 ,9 maniacs1 & 9 cases :]e ! adm9i/ration ( bulky m$ic9es is extremely difficult1 x w\ld seem to (f] a decid$ advantage4#fhc ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,x has be5 usually giv5 9 ?is c\ntry 9 ! proportion ( f "o to two drops1 9 ! =m ( pills4 ,dr4 ,nimmo's discov]y ) respect to ! *emical composition ( ! oil1 v naturally sugge/$ to him ! mode ( adm9i/]+ x 9 ! =m ( an alcoholic t9cture1 7,t9ctura ,tiglii17 & he has f\nd by exp]i5ce t su* a prep>ation furni%es ! means ( readily apportion+ ! dose to ! v>i\s circum/ances ( ! case2 ?us he f\nd t 9 adm9i/]+ a t9cture#fhd 9 doses equival5t to ! numb] ( drops decompos$1 ! same effects 7 produc$ z h be5 attribut$ to ! entire oil4 ,,adult]ations4 ,mu* has be5 said ^u ! fraudul5t admixture ( ?is comp>atively exp5sive article ) ! *eap] fix$ oils2 & we believe ) mu* tru?2 a circum/ance :i* w ( necessity prev5t ! g5]al use ( ! article2 & occasion v diff]5t reports ) respect to its value & activity4 ,dr4 ,nimmo h[ev] proposes a me?od ( detect+ su* adult]ation1 by a process sugge/$ by ! results ( 8 exp]im5ts ^u its composition1 & ^: rational w be easily und]/ood aft] ! *emical hi/ory t has be5 j pres5t$4 8,let a v light phial be c\nt]pois$ 9 an accurate balance2 p\r into x #ej gra9s ( ! suspect$ oil1 add alcohol 7:i* has be5 previ\sly dige/$#fhe ^u olive oil17 agitate !m well1 p\r (f ! solution & add m alcohol z be=e1 until ! dissolv$ portion is diffus$ 9 su* a proportion ( alcohol t ea* half dra*m measure %all conta9 equal to "o dose ( ! oil ( ,tiglium = an adult4 ,by aft]w>ds plac+ ! phial ne> a fire1 to evaporate :at rema9s ( ! alcohol 9 ! bottle1 if ! residuum be to t :i* has be5 ab/ract$ by ! alcohol z #ee to #de1 ! oil is g5u9e4 ,if olive1 or any o!r oil little soluble 9 alcohol1 has be5 employ$ z ! adult]at+ ag5t1 x is evid5t t ! residuum w be 9 a l>g] proportion2 b %\ld ,ca/or ,oil h be5 employ$ = t purpose1 ! proportion ( ! residuum w be small] ev5 ?an 9 ! g5u9e m$ic9e40 ,,t9ctur4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,t9ctures4 ,^! consi/ ( alcohol1 pro( _s1 or _s ( great] or less d5sity1 hold+ 9 solution "o or m ( ^? proximate pr9ciples ( vegetable or animal matt] :i* are soluble 9 t m5/ruum1 viz2 ,sug>1 res91 extractive1 tann91 c9*onia1 camphor1 volatile oils1 morphia1 emet91 cone91 elat91 tigl91 & sev]al acids4 ,! prop] solv5t ( ^? bodies1 t]m$ gum-res9s1 appe>s to be pro( _s4 ,! compil]s ( ! ,codex ,m$icam5t>ius ( ,p>is1 h def9$ ! diff]5t degrees ( spiritu\s /r5g? requisite = ! full & p]fect extraction ( ! active elem5ts ( diff]5t bodies ) great tru? & nicety2 ?us !y direct = ^! purposes a _s ( ?ree diff]5t /&>ds1 viz4 #cf 7,sp4 gr4 #hcg17 #cb 7#hef7 #bb1 7#iae7 ( ,beaum's hydromet]2 ) ! fir/ are prep>$ ! res9\s t9ctures2 ) ! second ^? :]e9 ! res9\s1 extractive1 or gummy elem5ts1 hold ne>ly an equal place2 & ) ! ?ird ^? 9 :i* ! latt] pr$om9ate4 ,we are moreov] indebt$ to ?is committee = hav+ set at re/ a "q :i* has be5 long d\btful1 :e!r ! addition ( alkal9e ag5ts increases ! extractive p[]s ( ! _s8 ,!y h inde$ asc]ta9$ by exp]im5t1 t ! rev]se n frequ5tly obta9s2 = in/ance1 !y f\nd t a small] proportion ( guaiacum 0 dissolv$ by ! _s ( ammonia1 ?an by alcohol ( ! same /r5g?1 & t ! quantity ( matt] dissolv$ f ! root ( ,val]ian 0 ! same 9 bo? cases4 ,v active sub/ances1 soluble 9 alcohol1 are ^? :i* are p>ticul>ly adapt$ = t9ctures1 s9ce !y furni% prep>ations :i* are effici5t 9 small doses1 & v manageable 9 extemporane\s prescription1 su* are ! t9ctures ( ,opium1 ,digitalis1 ,hyoscyamus1 ,scilla1 c4 & f ! *emical analysis ( ,elat]ium1 !re c be no d\bt b t a v active & useful t9cture ( t sub/ance might be introduc$ into practice2 :ile ,dr4 ,nimmo has v cle>ly prov$ t ! active matt] ( ! ,croton ,tiglium may be ?us conc5trat$1 see ,tiglii ,oleum4 ,on ! contr>y1 sub/ances ( little activity1 except 9 l>ge doses1 are ! lea/ adapt$ = ?is =m ( exhibition1 z 9 su* cases ! solv5t w act m p[]fully on ! liv+ sy/em1 ?an ! pr9ciples :i* x may hold 9 solution1 & :5 cont9u$ = any l5g? ( "t1 w lay ! f\ndation ( ! p]nici\s cu/om ( dram dr9k+2 su* t9ctures1 h[ev]1 are n )\t _! value 9 comb9ation2 !y sometimes increase ! efficacy1 & (t5 correct ! op]ation or disguise ! flav\r1 ( ! m$ic9es ) :i* !y may be unit$2 = example1 ! ca?>tic t9ctures 9 ,=mula #gj1 augm5t ! purgative p[]s ( ! comb9ation1 at ! same "t t !y correct its unpleasant op]ation2 _m o!r illu/rations are pres5t$ 9 ! diff]5t =mul1 = ! explanation ( :i* ,i mu/ ref] ! /ud5t to ! ,key ,lett]s4 ,! addition ( a t9cture has likewise ! effect ( pres]v+ decoctions & infusions f spontane\s decomposition1 ! comp\nd t9cture ( ,c>damoms answ]s su* an object 9 ! comp\nd decoction ( ,aloes4 ,t9ctures are sometimes made ) !r1 b !y are g5]ally m /rongly *>act]is$ by ! nature ( ! m5/ruum ?an by t ( ! sub/ance dissolv$ 9 x2 inde$1 !r is us$ 9 ^! cases1 n to dissolve sub/ances :i* w\ld resi/ ! action ( alcohol & wat]1 b = ! sake ( its own direct action on ! body2 ?us ! ,ed9burgh ph>macopia directs an !real ,t9cture ( ,aloes1 :i* is m p5etrat+ & /imulant ?an ! alcoholic t9ctures2 ! ,london ,college1 ) ! exception ( ! ,aromatic ,_s ( !r1 does n recognise any prep>ation ( ?is nature3 ,i h already allud$ to ! !real ,t9cture ( ,digitalis ( ! ,fr5* ,codex1 ?an :i* no?+ c be m injudici\s1 = ! digitalis does n am\nt to m ?an #agj? "p ( ! t9cture1 & mu/ !re=e be entirely c\nt]act$ by ! /imulant effects ( ! m5/ruum4 ,! same objection _c be urg$ aga9/ ! !real t9ctures ( ,ca/or1 ,musk1 & ,amb]1 s9ce 9 ^! cases1 ! subject & ! m5/ruum concur 9 _! mode ( op]ation4 ,t9ctures d]ive _! names f ! sub/ances :i* imp>t activity to !m1 & z ! m$ic9al hi/ory ( ea* sub/ance is detail$ "u its prop] head1 x w be unnecess>y to dwell at any l5g? ^u ! individual virtues ( ^! t9ctures4 #a4 ,prep>$ ) ,rectifi$ ,_s4 ,,t9ctura ,,assaf,,tid4 ,l4,d4 ,dose1 fss to fj4 ---- ,,b5zoes ,,comp4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,balsamum ,traumaticum1 ,p4,l4 #agde4 ,?is is a comb9ation ( ,b5zo91 ,/orax1 & ,tolu1 ) aloes2 x is reg>d$ z a /imulat+ expectorant1 & has be5 us$ 9 *ronic cat>rh & confirm$ a/hma1 b x is n[ v r>ely employ$1 except z an application to w\nds & languid ulc]s4 ,x is sold "u ! "n ( ,fri>'s ,balsam2 & ) respect to ! use ( ?is prep>ation z a ,/yptic1 ! public h fall5 into a s]i\s error2 fre% w\nds x mu/ necess>ily injure1 n only by its /imulat+ qualities1 b by ! sep>ation ( ! res9s :i* take place on its int]mixture ) ! blood2 ^! =m a sub/ance1 :i* absolutely prev5ts :at is mo/ desirable 9 su* case1--! sides ( ! w\nd com+ 9 contact & unit+ by ! fir/ int5tion4 ,dose4 ,z an int]nal rem$y f fss to fij1 triturat$ ) yelk ( egg1 or mucilage1 to susp5d x 9 wat]4 ,,t9ctura ,,ca/orei4 ,l4,e4 ,dose1 xx to fij4 ,see ,=m #bj1 #bc1 #be1 #gf1 #ig1 #acf4 ,,t9ctura ,,ca/orei ,,composita4 ,e4 ,?is is mu* m active ?an ! prec$+ t9cture1 z x conta9s assaftida1 & its m5/ruum is ammoniat$ alcohol4 ,dose xv to fj4 ,,t9ctura ,,c9*on ,,ammoniata4 ,l4 ,9 ?is prep>ation we h ! tonic p[]s ( ! b>k comb9$ ) ! /imulus ( ! ,ammonia4 ,dose1 fss to fij4 ,acids & ,acidul\s ,salts are ( c\rse incompatible ) x4 ,,t9ctura ,,guaiaci4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,a simple solution ( guaiac4 ,dose1 fi-fiij4 ,,t9ctura ,,guaiaci ,,ammoniata4 ,?is is a solution ( ! guaiac 9 ! aromatic _s ( ammonia1 & is consequ5tly m /imulat+ ?an ! prec$+ "o1 & m efficaci\s z a sudorific3 aft] art]ial action is prop]ly r$uc$1 x is c]ta9ly "o ( our be/ rem$ies 9 rheumatism4 ,dose1 fj to fij1 at b$ "t1 & its effects %\ld be promot$ by "s w>m bev]age4 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k1 t nitr\s acid & ! _s ( nitric !r occasion an extraord9>y decomposition ( ^! t9ctures1 sep>at+ ! guaiacum into coagulat$ masses1 & imp>t+ to ! :ole an int5se blui% gre5 col\r4 ,i f9d t *lor9e has ! same effect2#fhf b ! sulphuric & muriatic acids produce no di/urbance1 al?\gh all acids & acidul\s salts mu/ be consid]$ z incompatible ) x4 ,if equal p>ts ( quick-lime & p[d]$ guaiacum be rubb$ toge!r1 & a quantity ( wat] be p\r$ ov] !m1 & ! mixture be all[$ to /& until x becomes f9e1 we %all obta9 a solution ( ?is sub/ance1 :i* w mix 9 any proportion ) aque\s vehicles )\t decomposition1 & to :i* ! aromatic _s ( ammonia may be subsequ5tly add$ ) effect4 ,,t9ctura ,,toluif] ,,balsami4 ,e4,d4 ,?is is only useful z an adjunct1 to imp>t agreeable flav\r & fragrance to o!r rem$ies4 ,! above t9ctures1 :5 add$ to wat]1 are in/antly decompos$1 ! practition] mu/ !re=e rememb] t :5 he prescribes !m 9 aque\s vehicles1 x w be necess>y to direct !m to be triturat$ ) "s viscid liquor1 z mucilage1 previ\s to ! addition ( ! wat]1 9 ord] to susp5d ! res9\s precipitate4 #b4 ,t9ctures prep>$ ) ,_s above ,pro(4 ,,t9ctura ,,aloes ,,composita4 ,l4,d4 ,elixir ,proprietatis4 ,p4,l4 #agbj4 ,t9cture ( ,myrrh is ! m5/ruum ( ! ,aloes 9 ?is prep>ation1 to :i* ,saffron is add$4 ,dose1 fj to fij4 ,=m4 #af1 #ig4 ,,t9ctura ,,myrrh4 ,l4 ,! /r5g? ( ! spiritu\s solv5t has be5 v judici\sly increas$ 9 ! ,editio ,alt]a ( ! ,london ,ph>macopia1 by :i* means a bright] t9cture is obta9$4 ,x is r>ely us$ except 9 a/r+5t & det]g5t g>gles1 or z an ext]nal application to f\l ulc]s2 dilut$ ) wat] x pres5ts u ) an excell5t lotion = spongy gums4#fhg #c4 ,t9ctures prep>$ ) ,pro( ,_s4 ,,t9ctura ,,angu/ur4 ,d4 ,see ,cusp>i ,cortex4 ,,t9ctura ,,aurantii4 ,l4,d4 ,an agreeable adjunct to bitt] infusions4 ,dose1 fij to fiij4 ,,t9ctura ,,calumb4 ,l4,d4 ,a valuable /oma*ic4 ,=m4 #cb1 #ce1 #aed1 #aee1 #aei4 ,dose1 fi-fiij4 ,,t9ctura ,,camphor ,,composita4 ,t9ctura ,opii ,camphorata4 ,p4,l4 #aghg4 ,elixir ,p>egoricum4#fhh ,p4,l4 #agde4 ,?is prep>ation _h und]gone bo? *ange ( "n & composition 9 ! la/ ,ph>macopia2 its old "n 0 ?\ght improp] f its simil>ity to t ( t9cture ( opium1 & ! oil ( anise$ has be5 omitt$ on acc\nt ( its disagreeable flav\r2 /ill1 h[ev]1 ^! p]petual *anges are mo/ di/ress+2 ! t9cture1 z x is n[ prep>$1 is v diff]5t f t :i* has be5 s long & s g5]ally sold "u ! "n ( ,p>egoric ,elixir1 & ! *emi/ is !re=e oblig$ to keep bo? ! prep>ations1 & to s5d ! "o or ! o!r1 accord+ z x may be requir$ by ! old or new "n4 ,"o fluid-ounce conta9s ne>ly two gra9s ( ,opium & ( b5zoic acid1 & ab\t "o gra9 & a qu>t] ( camphor4 ,9 doses ( fj to fiij1 x is anodyne4 ,,t9ctura ,,can?>ides4 ,d4 ,?is t9cture is highly /imulat+1 act+ ) great en]gy ^u ! ur9>y organs2 x !re=e (f]s a res\rce 9 gleets1 fluor albus1 incont95ce ( ur9e1 c4 x has also prov$ s]viceable z a highly /imulat+ diuretic1 9 cases ( ,hydrops ,ov>ii4 ,see ,=m4 #aaf4 ,dose1 x to fj1 giv5 9 "s demulc5t infusion2 x is likewise employ$ ) advantage z a /imulat+ embrocation & rubefaci5t1 9 conjunction ) soap or camphor l9im5t4 ,ext]nally x has be5 us$ 9 ! cure ( ,s9uses1 & fi/ul\s op5+s1 9 ! proportion ( ?ree fluid-dra*ms to a p9t ( wat]4#fhi ,,t9ctura ,,capsici4 ,l4 ,x is an excell5t /imulant4 ,see ,capsici ,bacc4 ,dose1 x to fi4 ,,t9ctura ,,c>damomi ,,composita4 ,l4 ,an agreeable cordial1 & adjunct to bitt] infusions4 ,see ,=m4 #dg1 #ea4fij ,dose1 fi to fij4 ,,t9ctura ,,casc>ill4 ,l4,d4 ,x is add$ ) mu* effect to diff]5t /oma*ic infusions4 ,see ,=m4 #cc1 #ci1 #da4 ,dose1 fi to fiij4 ,,t9ctura ,,cate*u4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,a w>m & grateful a/r+5t2 v useful z an adjunct to cretace\s mixtures 9 di>rha1 c4 ,see ,=m4 #ea1 #eb1 #eh4 ,dose1 fi to fiij4 ,,t9ctura ,,c9*on4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,us$ z an adjunct to ! decoction or infusion ( ! b>k4 ,see ,=m4 #abf1 #abg4 ,dose1 fj to fss4 ,x %\ld be pres]v$ 9 a place :i* is n v cold2 = a l[ temp]ature precipitates ! ,morphia2 ?is inconv5i5ce1 h[ev]1 is obviat$ by ! addition ( a little acetic acid1 )\t dim9i%+ ! efficacy ( ! t9cture4 ,,t9ctura ,,c9*on ,,composita4 ,?is resembles ! celebrat$ t9cture ( ,huxham1 & al?\gh x conta9s less c9*ona ?an ! simple t9cture1 yet f ! addition ( aromatics x is m grateful & /oma*ic4 ,dose1 fj to fss4 ,,t9ctura ,,c9namomi4 ,l4,d4 ,see ,=m4 #aja4 ,,t9ctura ,,c9namomi ,,composita4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,z ?is is a comb9ation ( aromatics ) c9namon1 x is m grateful & /oma*ic ?an ! simple t9cture4 ,dose1 f to fij4 ,,t9ctura ,,conii ,,maculati4 ,e4 ,z ,cone9 is p]fectly soluble 9 _s1 ?is t9cture con/itutes a v elegant & effici5t =m = ! exhibition ( ,hemlock2 ,i h frequ5tly exp]i5c$ its effects1 :5 add$ to febrifuge mixtures1 ) satisfaction4 ,! ,london college has n hi!rto admitt$ x into ! li/ ( t9ctures1 :i* is to be regrett$4 ,,t9ctura ,,croci4 ,e4,d4 ,x has no m$ic9al use1 indep5d5t ( its col\r4 ,,t9ctura ,,digitalis4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,x is a v useful =m = ! exhibition ( ?is valuable plant4 ,dose1 x1 cauti\sly increas$4 ,see ,digitalis ,folia1 & ,=m4 #cb4 ,,t9ctura ,,g5tian ,,composita4 ,l4,e4 ,an elegant /oma*ic bitt]1 b less eligible z a rem$y ?an ! infusion4 ,dose1 fi-fij4 ,,t9ctura ,,hellebori ,,nigri4 ,?is prep>ation 0 /rongly advis$ by ,dr4 ,mead1 9 ut]9e ob/ructions4 ,dose1 xxx to fj4 ,see ,hellebori ,radix4 ,,t9ctura ,,humuli4 ,l4,e4 ,x is suppos$ to possess ! tonic & n>cotic prop]ties ( ! hop4 ,dose1 fss to fiij4 ,,t9ctura ,,hyoscyami4 ,l4 ,?is is a mu* m p[]ful n>cotic ?an ! prec$+ t9cture2 & x is n liable to affect ! head1 nor to produce t di/urbance 9 ! bili>y secretions :i* s inevitably foll[s ! use ( opium4 ,dose1 fss to fij4 ,,t9ctura ,,jalap4 ,l4,e4 ,z ! activity ( ,jalap does n reside 9 any "o pr9ciple1 b dep5ds ^u ! comb9ation ( its gum1 extractive1 & res91 pro( _s is ( c\rse its appropriate solv5t2 & ! result+ t9cture is !re=e an active purgative1 b x is r>ely adm9i/]$ except z an adjuvant to ca?>tic comb9ations4 ,dose1 fj to fss4 ,see ,=m4 #gj1 #gf4 ,,t9ctura ,,k9o4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,?is is little else ?an a solution ( ,tann92 x is h[ev] less a/r+5t ?an ! t9cture ( ,cate*u4 ,dose1 fi to fij4 ,,t9ctura ,,opii4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,?is is at once a mo/ conv5i5t & elegant =m = ! exhibition ( opium2 xix conta9 "o gra9 ( opium4 ,see ,opium1 & ,=m4 #e1 #g1 #h1 #bj1 #bh1 #eb1 #ge1 #gf1 #ajg1 #aaj1 #aag1 #abg1 #acf1 #aef1 #agb4 ,z an ext]nal application1 :5 rubb$ ^u ! sk9 x produces anodyne effects1 & x is said t ^! effects are v mu* increas$ by comb9+ x ) acetic acid2 an acetate ( morphia is probably ?us produc$4 ,,t9ctura ,,quassi ,,excels4 ,e4,d4 ,! bitt] pr9ciple ( ?is root1 ,quass91 is completely extract$ by pro( _s4 ,dose1 fj4 ,,t9ctura ,,rhei4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,less purgative1 b m a/r+5t & aromatic ?an ! infusion4 ,t made ) ! ,ea/ ,indian v>iety is ( a deep] col\r1 ) a t+e ( br[n4 ,dose1 fss to fj4 ,,t9ctura ,,rhei ,,composita4 ,l4 ,a cordial1 us$ pr9cipally z an adjunct to sal9e purgatives4 ,dose1 fvj to fj1 to produce purgative effects2 f fj to fij1 to act z a /oma*ic4 ,! ,ed9burgh ,ph>macopia directs two comp\nd t9ctures ( ,rhub>b = simil> purposes1 viz4 ,t9ct4 ,rhei et ,aloes2 & ,t9ct4 ,rhei et ,g5tian4 ,,t9ctura ,,scill4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,dose1 x to xxx4 ,see ,=m4 #fe1 #aji1 #aci4 ,,t9ctura ,,s5n4 ,l4,e4 ,dose1 fij to j4 ,see ,=m4 #gj4 ,dose1 fij to fj4 ,,t9ctura ,,s5n ,,composita4 ,e4 ,9 ?is t9cture1 ! ,s5na is quick5$ by ,jalap4 ,dose1 fij to fj4#fia ,,t9ctura ,,s]p5t>i4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,dose1 fij to fiij4 ,x is pr9cipally employ$ z a /imulat+ adjunct to ! infusion or decoction ( ,c9*ona1 9 typhoid fev]s4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,t9ct4 ,c9con4 comp4 ,l4 ,dose1 fi to fiij4 ,,t9ctura ,,val]ian4 ,l4,d4 ,x is only us$ z an adjunct to ! infusion ( ,val]ian4 ,,t9ctura ,,val]ian ,,ammoniata4 ,l4,d4 ,?is t9cture is n m highly *>g$ ) ! pr9ciples ( ! ,val]ian ?an ! =ego+ "o1 b z ! ,ammonia corresponds ) x 9 virtue1 x is probably m p[]ful4 ,dose1 fi to fij4 ,see ,=m4 #bc1 #be4 ,,t9ctura ,,z+ib]is4 ,l4,d4 ,a highly /imulat+ prep>ation4 ,see ,=m4 #cc4 ,dose1 fss to fij4 ,,t9ctura ,,f]ri ,,ammoniati4 ,l4 ,z ?is is m]ely a spiritu\s solution ( ! ,f]rum ,ammoniatum1 ! title ( t9cture is improp]ly appli$ to x2 x seems moreov] to be a v sup]flu\s prep>ation4 ,,t9ctura ,,f]ri ,,muriatis4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,,qualities4 ,col\r1 br[ni% yell[2 ,ta/e1 /yptic2 ,od\r1 v peculi>4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,x is an alcoholic solution ( muriate ( iron2 ! iron be+ 9 ! /ate ( p]oxide4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,alkalies & _! c>bonates2 ! infusions ( a/r+5t vegetables2 mucilage ( gum arabic3 by ?is latt] sub/ance x is precipitat$ 9 gelat9\s flakes4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ active prep>ations ( iron :i* we possess1 & x moreov] appe>s to ex]t a specific influ5ce ^u ! ur9>y organs4#fib ,mr4 ,cl9e in=ms u t x1 giv5 e t5 m9utes1 until "s s5sible effect is produc$1 af=d 9 dysuria spe$y relief2 9 hemorrhage f ! bladd]1 kidneys1 or ut]us1 its acts z a p[]ful /yptic4 ,see ,=m4 #ce1 #fj1 #ig1 #aad4 ,ext]nally1 x is v efficaci\s 9 de/roy+ v5]eal w>ts1 ei!r us$ alone1 or dilut$ ) a small portion ( wat]4 ,dose1 x to fss1 or fj4#fic ,,torm5till ,,radix4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,torm5tilla ,(fic9alis4 ,torm5til ,root4 ,,qualities4 ,?is root is knotty1 ext]nally blacki%1 int]nally r$di%2 ,od\r1 slightly aromatic2 ,ta/e1 au/]e & /yptic4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,its active matt] is *iefly ,tann91 & except galls & cate*u1 x appe>s to conta9 a l>g] proportion ?an any o!r vegetable a/r+5t4#fid ,,solubility4 ,boil+ wat] extracts all its virtues1 z also does _s4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,solutions ( ,is+lass1 ! ,salts ( ,iron2 ,alkalies & ,alkal9e ,e>?s4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x has be5 *iefly us$ 9 di>rha1 & x is v efficaci\s 9 t :i* is s frequ5tly att5dant on ,ph?isis4 ,dr4 ,=dyce recomm5ds its union ) ,ipecacuan1 by :i* comb9ation1 he obs]ves1 we %all a/r+e ! vessels ( ! inte/9es1 & at ! same "t relax ^? ( ! sk94 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,9 sub/ance1 or 9 decoction made by boil+ j ( ! root 9 oiss ( wat] until r$uc$ to oj4 ,,dose1 ( ! sub/ance 9 p[d]1 ss to j2 ( ! above decoction fj ?rice a day4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,pulv4 ,cret4 ,comp4 ,l4 ,,toxicod5dri ,,folia4 ,l4,e4 7,rhus ,toxicod5dron47 ,suma* ,leaves1 or ,poison ,oak4 ,,qualities4 ,its leaves are inodor\s1 b h a sub-acrid ta/e4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,gallic acid1 tann91 & a c]ta9 acrimoni\s matt]1 ^u :i* ! virtues ( ! plant dep5d1 & :i*1 accord+ to ,van ,mons1 is dis5gag$ f ! leaves 9 ! /ate ( gas dur+ ! night1 or :ile !y d n receive ! direct rays ( ! sun4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,dr4 ,ald]son ( ,hull introduc$ ! leaves ( ?is plant to notice1 9 ^: h&s !y prov$ successful 9 sev]al cases ( ,p>alysis2 ! same results h[ev] h n be5 obta9$ by o!r physicians2 ! plant has !re=e fall5 into disuse1 & might1 9 def]5ce to public op9ion1 be remov$ f ! mat]ia m$ica4 ,:5 appli$ ext]nally x has be5 kn[n to produce an erysipelat\s affection ( ! sk92 a rem>kable in/ance ( :i* lately occurr$ at ! ,botanic g>d5 at ,*elsea1 :]e a p]son m]ely rubb$ 8 eye aft] hav+ casually t\*$ ! plant 9 "q4 ,,tussilago4 7,tussilago ,f>f>a--,folia1 ,flores47 ,coltsfoot4#fie ,?is plant has be5 reg>d$ z a p[]ful expectorant f ! e>lie/ ages2 x is at pres5t only valu$ = ! mucilage :i* x af=ds2 a h&ful ( ! leaves boil$ 9 oij ( wat]1 until r$uc$ to oj1 w furni%1 by ! addition ( a little sug> c&y1 a v grateful demulc5t4 ,,val]ian ,,radix4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,val]iana ,(fic9alis4 ,sylve/ris47 ,val]ian ,root4 ,,qualities4 ,od\r1 /rong1 peculi> & unpleasant2 ,ta/e1 w>m1 bitt]1 & sub-acrid4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,extractive1 gum1 res91 fecula1 tann91 & a peculi> ess5tial oil :i* seems to conta9 camphor1 & on :i* its virtues probably dep5d4 ,,solubility4 ,its active matt] is extract$ by boil+ wat]1 alcohol1 & ! solutions ( ! pure alkalies4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,! salts ( iron4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x is antispasmodic1 tonic1 & emm5agogue2 & x is highly b5eficial 9 ^? diseases :i* appe> to be connect$ ) a morbid susceptibility ( ! n]v\s sy/em1 z 9 hy/]ia1 hemicrania1 & 9 "s species ( epilepsy2 & x w\ld appe> t its virtues 9 su* compla9ts may be frequ5tly increas$ by comb9+ x ) c9*ona4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,exhibition4 ,! =m ( p[d] is ! mo/ effectual1 & next to ?is a /rong t9cture made ) pro( _s2 by decoction its p[]s are consid]ably impair$1 & consequ5tly ! extract is an ineffici5t prep>ation4 ,,dose ( ! p[d] j to j2 :5 ! flav\r disgu/s1 ! addition ( a small portion ( mace or c9namon w be f\nd to disguise x4 ,see ,=m4 #be1 #ca1 #ch4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep>ation4 ,infus4 ,val]ian4 ,d4 ,t9ct4 ,val]ian4 ,l4,d4 ,t9ct4 ,val]ian4 ammoniat4 ,l4,d4 ,,adult]ations4 ,! roots ( a species ( cr[foot are sometimes mix$ ) ^? ( val]ian2 !y may be di/+ui%$ by a cau/ic ta/e on *ew+ !m2 ! roots h also (t5 a disagreeable smell f ! ur9e ( cats1 :o are allur$ & delight$ by _! od\r2 & !y are sometimes in]t1 f n hav+ be5 tak5 up at a prop] season1 or f n hav+ be5 c>efully pres]v$4 ,,v]atri ,,radix4 ,l4,e4 7,v]atrum ,album47 ,,helleborus ,,albus4 ,d4 ,:ite ,hellebore ,root4 ,,qualities4 ,od\r1 /rong1 & disagreeable2 ,ta/e1 bitt]1 & v acrid2 by dry+1 ! od\r is dissipat$1 & 9 ?is /ate x is f\nd 9 ! %ops4 ,,solubility4 ,its active pr9ciples are soluble 9 wat]1 alcohol1 & ! alkalies4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,pelleti] & ,cav5t\ h lately discov]$ 9 ?is vegetable a new alkal9e pr9ciple1 :ite1 cry/all9e1 & acrid1 to :i* !y h giv5 ! "n ( ,v]atria3 x appe>s to exi/ 9 comb9ation ) gallic acid4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,! effects ( ?is root are extremely viol5t & poison\s2 ! anci5ts employ$ x 9 v>i\s ob/9ate cases1 b !y g5]ally reg>d$ x z _! la/ res\rce2 x acts z a viol5t emetic & ca?>tic1 produc+ bloody /ools1 great anxiety1 tremors1 & convulsions4 ,etmull] says1 t ! ext]nal application ( ! root to ! abdom51 w produce vomit+2 & ,s*ro$] obs]v$ ! same ph5om5on to take place 9 a case :]e x 0 us$ z a suppository1 & its juice has be5 appli$ to ! purpose ( poison+ arr[s2 not)/&+ ^! effects h[ev] ! v]atrum has be5 v safely & successfully adm9i/]$ 9 cases ( mania1 epilepsy1 lepra1 & g\t3#fif b ! mo/ ord9>y use ( :ite hellebore is z a local /imulant2 z an adjunct to errh9e p[d]s2 or 9 ! =m ( decoction1 z a lotion2 or mix$ ) a l>d1 z an o9tm5t 9 scabies1#fig & h]petic eruptions3 great caution h[ev] is requir$ 9 its application1 = sev]al au?ors affirm t z an errh9e1 x has caus$ abortions1 flood+s :i* c\ld n be re/ra9$1 & fatal hemorrhages f ! nose4 ,,dose1 gr4 iij to v1 obtund$ by ! addition ( twelve times its weight ( />*1 a p9* ( :i* may be tak5 = sev]al successive ev5+s2 = int]nal adm9i/ration x ought n to exce$ gr4 ij4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,decoct4 ,v]atri4 ,l4 ,t9ct4 ,v]atri albi4 ,e4 ,ungu5t4 ,v]atri4 ,l4 ,ungu5t4 ,sulphur4 comp4 ,l4 ,,v9um4 ,w9e4 ,! t]m w9e is m /rictly & especially appli$ to express ! f]m5t$ juice ( ! ,grape1 al?\gh x is g5]ally us$ to d5ote t ( any sub-acid fruit4 ,! pres5ce ( ,t>t> is p]haps ! circum/ance by :i* ! grape is mo/ /rongly di/+ui%$ f all ! o!r sub-acid fruits t h be5 appli$ to ! purpose ( w9e mak+4 ,! juice ( ! grape1 moreov]1 conta9s )9 itself all ! pr9ciples ess5tial to v9ification1 9 su* a proportion & /ate ( balance z to enable x at once to und]go a regul> & complete f]m5tation1 :]eas ! juices ( o!r fruits require artificial additions = ?is purpose2 & ! sci5tific application & due adju/m5t ( ^! means1 con/itute ! art ( mak+ w9es4#fih ,x has be5 rem>k$1 t all ^? w9es t conta9 an excess ( malic acid are ( a bad quality1 h5ce ! gr& defect t is necess>ily inh]5t 9 ! w9es ( ?is c\ntry1 & :i* leads !m to p>take ( ! prop]ties ( cid]1 = 9 ! place ( ! t>t>ic1 ! malic acid always pr$om9ates 9 native fruits4 ,! *>act]i/ic +r$i5t ( all w9es is ,alcohol1 & ! quantity ( ?is1 & ! condition or /ate ( comb9ation 9 :i* x exi/s1 are ! circum/ances t include all ! int]e/+ & disput$ po9ts ( m$ical enquiry4 ,daily exp]i5ce conv9ces u t ! same quantity ( alcohol1 appli$ to ! /oma* "u ! =m ( natural w9e1 & 9 a /ate ( mixture ) wat]1 w produce v diff]5t effects ^u ! body1 & to an ext5t :i* x is difficult to compreh5d2 x has1 = in/ance1 be5 demon/rat$ t ,port1 ,madeira1 & ,%]ry1 conta9 f "o-f\r? to "o-fif? _! bulk ( alcohol1 s t a p]son :o takes a bottle ( ei!r ( !m1 w ?us take ne>ly half a p9t ( alcohol1 or almo/ a p9t ( pure br&y6 & moreov] t diff]5t w9es1 al?\gh ( ! same specific gravity1 & consequ5tly conta9+ ! same absolute proportion ( ! _s1 w be f\nd to v>y v consid]ably 9 _! intoxicat+ p[]s2 no wond] !n t su* results %\ld /agg] ! philosoph]1 :o is naturally unwill+ to accept any te/s ( diff]5ce f ! n]v\s sy/em1 :i* elude ! ord9>y res\rces ( analytical *emi/ry2 ! conclusion 0 !re=e drawn1 t alcohol mu/ necess>ily exi/ 9 w9e 9 a f> diff]5t condition f t 9 :i* we "k x 9 a sep>ate /ate1 or 9 o!r words1 t its elem5ts only c\ld exi/ 9 ! v9\s liquor1 & t _! union 0 det]m9$1 & consequ5tly alcohol produc$1 by ! action ( di/illation4 ,t x 0 ! product1 & n ! educt ( di/illation1 0 an op9ion :i* orig9at$ ) ,r\elle1 :o ass]t$ t alcohol 0 n completely =m$1 until ! temp]ature 0 rais$ to ! po9t ( di/illation2 m lately ! same doctr9e 0 reviv$ & promulgat$ by ,fabbroni1 9 ! memoirs ( ! ,flor5t9e ,academy4 ,gay ,lussac has1 h[ev]1 sil5c$ ! clamor\s p>tisans ( ?is !ory1 by sep>at+ ! alcohol by di/illation at ! temp]ature ( #ff ,fah4 & by ! aid ( a vacuum1 x has s9ce be5 effect$ at #ef3 besides1 x has be5 %ewn t by precipitat+ ! col\r+ matt] & "s ( ! o!r elem5ts ( ! w9e by sub-acetate ( lead1 & !n saturat+ ! cle> liquor ) sub-c>bonate ( potass1 ! alcohol may be completely sep>at$ )\t any elevation ( temp]ature2 & by ?is +5i\s exp$i5t ,mr4 ,br&e has be5 enabl$ to con/ruct a table1 exhibit+ ! proportions ( comb9$ alcohol :i* exi/ 9 ! sev]al k9ds ( w9e3 no d\bt !re=e c rema9 ^u ?is subject1 & ! fact ( ! diff]5ce ( effect1 produc$ by ! same bulk ( alcohol1 :5 pres5t$ to ! /oma* 9 diff]5t /ates ( comb9ation1 adds ano!r /rik+ & in/ructive illu/ration to ^? already enum]at$ 9 ! c\rse ( ?is "w1 ( ! extraord9>y p[]s ( *emical comb9ation 9 modify+ ! activity ( sub/ances ^u ! liv+ sy/em4 ,9 ! pres5t in/ance1 ! alcohol is s comb9$ ) ! extractive matt] ( ! w9e1 t x is probably incapable ( ex]t+ its full specific effects ^u ! /oma*1 be=e x becomes alt]$ 9 its prop]ties1 or1 9 o!r words1 dige/$3 & ?is view ( ! subject may be fairly urg$ 9 explanation ( ! reason :y ! intoxicat+ effects ( ! same w9e are s liable to v>y 9 degree1 9 ! same individual1 f ! peculi> /ate ( 8 dige/ive organs at ! "t ( its potation4#fii ,hi!rto we h only spok5 ( pure w9e1 b x is ess5tial to /ate t ! /rong] w9es ( ,spa91 ,portugal1 & ,sicily1 are r5d]$ rem>kable 9 ?is c\ntry by ! addition ( ,br&y1 & mu/ consequ5tly conta9 uncomb9$ alcohol1 ! proportion ( :i* h[ev] w n necess>ily be> a ratio to ! quantity add$1 because1 at ! p]iod ( its admixture1 a r5ew$ f]m5tation is produc$ by ! sci5tific v9tn]1 :i* w assimilate & comb9e a c]ta9 portion ( ! =eign _s ) ! w9e3 ?is manipulation1 9 te*nical language1 is call$ frett+-94 ,! free alcohol may1 accord+ to ! exp]im5ts ( ,fabbroni1 be imm$iately sep>at$ by saturat+ ! v9\s fluid ) sub-c>bonate ( potass1 :ile ! comb9$ portion w rema9 undi/urb$3 9 asc]ta9+ ! fabrication & salubrity ( a w9e1 ?is circum/ance ought always to con/itute a lead+ feature 9 ! inquiry2 & ! tables ( ,mr4 ,br&e w\ld h be5 greatly enhanc$ 9 practical value1 _h ! relative proportions ( uncomb9$ _s be5 appreciat$ 9 8 exp]im5ts1 s9ce x is to ?is1 & n to ! comb9$ alcohol1 t ! injuri\s effects ( ! w9e are to be attribut$4 8,x is well kn[n10 obs]ves ,dr4 ,maccullo*1 8t diseases ( ! liv] are ! mo/ common1 & ! mo/ =midable ( ^? produc$ by ! use ( ard5t spirits2 x is equally c]ta9 t no su* disord]s foll[ ! intemp]ate use ( pure w9e1 h[ev] long indulg$ 93 to ! conceal$ & unwitt+ consumption ( _s1 !re=e1 z conta9$ 9 ! w9es commonly drunk 9 ?is c\ntry1 is to be attribut$ ! excessive preval5ce ( ^? hepatic affections :i* are comp>atively little kn[n to our cont95tal neighb\rs40 ,?us mu* is c]ta91 t our ord9>y w9es conta9 no alcohol1 b :at is dis>m$ ( its virul5ce by ! prophylactic en]gies ( comb9ation4 ,! od\r1 or b\quet1 & flav\r :i* di/+ui% "o w9e f ano!r1 evid5tly dep5d ^u "s volatile & fugaci\s pr9ciple1 soluble 9 alcohol2 ?is 9 sweet & half f]m5t$ w9es1 is imm$iately d]iv$ f ! fruit1 z 9 ^? f ! ,frontignan & ,muscat grapes2 b 9 ! m p]fect w9es1 z 9 ,cl>et1 ,h]mitage1 ,rivesaltes1 & ,burgundy1 x be>s no resemblance to ! natural flav\r ( ! fruit1 b is altoge!r ! product ( ! v9\s process2 & 9 "s w9es x arises f ! introduction ( flav\r+ +r$i5ts1 z f almonds 9 ,madeira w9es1 z well z 9 ^? ( ,x]es & ,sa9t ,luc>1 & h5ce _! well kn[n nutty flav\r4 ,among ! anci5ts x 0 =m]ly1 & 9 mod]n ,greece x is to ?is day1 ! fa%ion to give a res9\s flav\r1 by ! introduction ( ,turp5t9e into ! casks4#gjj ,^! w9es are suppos$ to assi/ dige/ion1 to re/ra9 ulc]\s1 & o!r morbid dis*>ges1 to provoke ur9e1 & to /r5g!n ! b[els2 b ,dioscorides also in=ms u t !y 7 kn[n to produce v]tigo1 pa9 9 ! head1 & _m evils n incid5tal to ! same quantity ( v9\s liquor :5 free f su* admixtures4#gja ,w9es admit ( be+ arrang$ into f\r classes4#gjb #a4 ,,sweet ,,w9es2 :i* conta9 ! greate/ proportion ( extractive & sac*>9e matt]1 & g5]ally ! lea/ ard5t _s1 ?\gh ?is is (t5 r disguis$ ?an abs5t2 z 9 ^! w9es a proportion ( sug> has rema9$ un*ang$ dur+ ! process ( v9ification1 !y mu/ be consid]$ z ! results ( an imp]fect f]m5tation1 & are 9 fact mixtures ( w9e & sug>2 accord+ly1 :atev] arre/s ! progress ( f]m5tation1 mu/ h a t5d5cy to produce a sweet w9e2 ?us boil+ ! mu/ or dry+ ! fruit w1 by p>tially sep>at+ ! natural leav5 & dissipat+ ! wat]1 occasion su* a result z is exemplifi$ by ! manufacture ( ! w9es ( ,cyprus1 ! v9o cotto ( ! ,italians & ! v9um coctum ( ! anci5ts1 by t ( ,frontignac1 ! ri* & lusci\s w9es ( ,can>y1 ! celebrat$ ,tokay1 ,v9o ,t9to 7,t5t ( ,hung>y7 ! ,italian ,montefiascone1 ! ,p]sian ,s*iras1 ! ,malmsey w9es ( ,c&ia1 ,*io1 ,lesbos1 & ,t5$os1 & ^? ( ! o!r isl&s ( ! ,ar*ipelago4 ,! w9es ( ! anci5ts1 z ,*aptal obs]ves1 7 s conc5trat$ by boil+1 t !y r des]ve ! "n ( extracts or syrups1 ?an t ( w9es2 !y1 mu/ h be5 v sweet1 & b little f]m5t$2 app>5tly to rem$y ?is1 !y 7 kept = a great l5g? ( "t2 accord+ to ,ari/otle & ,gal51 sev5 ye>s 0 ! %orte/ p]iod necess>y = keep+ w9e be=e x 0 fit to dr9k1 b w9es ( a c5tury old 7 n uncommon at ! tables ( ! luxuri\s citiz5s ( anci5t ,rome1 & ,horace boa/s ( 8 dr9k+ ,fal]nian1 born z x 7 ) him1 or :i* reckon$ its age f ! same consuls4#gjc #b4 ,,sp>kl+ ,,or ,,eff]vesc+ ,,w9es1 z ,*ampagne1 are indebt$ = _! *>act]i/ic prop]ties to ! pres5ce ( c>bonic acid2 !y rapidly intoxicate1 9 consequ5ce ( ! alcohol1 :i* is susp5d$ 91 or comb9$ ) ! gas1 be+ ?us appli$ 9 a sudd5 & v divid$ /ate to a l>ge ext5t ( n]v\s surface2 = ! same reason1 _! effects are z transitory z !y are sudd54#gjd #c4 ,,dry ,,& ,,light4 ,^! are exemplifi$ by ! m e/eem$ ,g]man w9es1 z ,hock1 ,rh5i%1 ,mayne1 ,moselle1 ,neck]1 & ,elsass1 & ^? highly flav\r$ w9es1 ,burgundy1 ,cl>et1 ,h]mitage1 c4 ,!y conta9 a v inconsid]able degree ( ard5t _s1 & comb9e ) x ! effect ( an acid4 #d4 ,,dry ,,& ,,/rong1 z ,madeira1 ,port1 ,%]ry1 c4 ,! "n ,sec1 corruptly writt5 ,sack1 signifies dry2 ! ,sec w9e prep>$ at ,x]es#gje 9 ,spa91 is call$ accord+ to our or?ography1 ,%]ris1 or ,%]ry4 ,9 ! manufacture ( ,%]ry1 ,lime#gjf is add$ to ! grapes1 a circum/ance1 obs]ves ,dr4 ,maccullo*1 app>5tly conducive to its well kn[n dry quality1 & :i* probably acts by neutraliz+ a portion ( malic or t>t>ic acid4 ,by ! adult]ation & m$ication ( w9es1 ?ree pr9cipal objects are attempt$1 viz4 #a4 ,to give !m /r5g?1 :i* is effect$ by add+ any ard5t _s2 b ! w9e is sl[ly decompos$ by x4 #b4 ,to p]fect or *ange _! col\r4 ,x is v usual to *ange :ite w9es1 :5 !y h gr[n br[n or r\gh1 into r$ w9es1 by means ( sloes1 or o!r col\r+ matt]4 #c4 ,to less51 or remove _! acidity4 ,x is well kn[n t lead 9 diff]5t =ms has frequ5tly be5 employ$ = ?is purpose2 ! practice1 h[ev]1 is att5d$ ) mo/ dang]\s consequ5ces2 b :i* ,dr4 ,maccullo* is incl9$ to believe has be5 ov]-rat$1 s9ce ! comp\nds :i* ?is metal =ms ) ! t>t>ic & malic acids are insoluble2 b aga9/ ?is argum5t1 ! decisive results ( exp]i5ce may be oppos$1 & ,f\rcroy conceiv$ t by ! addition ( ,v9eg>1 a soluble triple salt1 an aceto-t>trate ( lead1 0 produc$4 ,! fraud may be easily detect$ by ! te/#gjg inv5t$ by ,dr4 ,hahnemann4 ,! anci5ts1 x appe>s1 7 acqua9t$ ) ?is prop]ty 9 lead1 = accord+ to ,pl9y1 ! ,greeks & ,romans improv$ ! quality ( _! w9es by imm]s+ a plate ( lead 9 !m4#gjh ,w9e1 z a ph>maceutical ag5t1 has be5 employ$ to extract sev]al ( ! pr9ciples ( vegetables1 & to dissolve c]ta9 m9]al bodies3 z a solv5t1 h[ev]1 x is liable to _m s]i\s objections1 z inequality ( /r5g?1 & unc]ta9ty ( composition2 ?us s\nd & p]fectly f]m5t$ dry w9e1 z ,%]ry1 is frequ5tly unable to dissolve iron1 :ile t>t>iz$ antimony is in/antly decompos$ by e o!r4 ,z a m5/ruum1 to obta9 an extract1 x is q inadmissible on acc\nt ( ! residuum :i* x leaves by evaporation4 ,f su* consid]ations ! ,london ,college h at l5g? sub/itut$ a weak _s1 = ! w9e =m]ly employ$1 al?\gh ! t]m 8,v9um0 is /ill reta9$ 9 ! ,ph>macopia1 to obviate ^? emb>rassm5ts :i* mu/ ev] att5d a *ange ( "n1 ) a correspond+ *ange ( prop]ties4 ,! ,committee 7 fully prep>$ to expect ! capti\s objections :i* are urg$ aga9/ ?is measure1 b z ! "n is *emically & m$ic9ally correct1 ! etymologi/ may be fairly all[$ to enjoy 8 assum$ triumph )\t mole/ation4 ,,v9um ,,aloes4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,?is solution conta9s all ! virtues ( ! ,aloes1 & is m agreeable ?an ! t9cture4 ,x is a w>m /oma*ic 9 doses ( fj to fij1 & a /imulat+ purgative :5 giv5 f fj to fij4 ,by ref]r+ to ! ,ph>macopia1 x w be p]ceiv$ t alcoholic m5/rua ( diff]5t /r5g?s1 h be5 employ$ = ! diff]5t prep>ations4 ,! proportions 7 d$uc$ f c>eful exp]im5ts1 & are adapt$ to ! composition ( ! sub/ances :i* ! _s is int5d$ to dissolve3 e4 g4 ,pro( ,_s4 ,wat]4 ,v9um ,aloes #a "p #a4 ---- ,antimonii ,t>t>iz3 #a ditto#gji #a4 ---- ,col*ici #a ditto #b4 ---- ,f]ri #a ditto #a4 ---- ,ipecacuanh #a ditto #a4 ---- ,opii #a ditto #a4 ---- ,v]atri #a ditto #a4 ,,v9um ,,antimonii ,,t>t>izati4 ,l4 ,,liquor ,,antimonii ,,t>t>izati4 ,p4,l4 #ahji4 ,antimonial ,w9e4 ,dur+ ! p]iod t ,i 0 ,c5sor ( ! ,college1 ,i took consid]able tr\ble1 9 conjunction ) my colleagues1 to asc]ta9 ! /ate 9 :i* ?is prep>ation 0 to be g5]ally met ) 9 ! :olesale & retail %ops ( ! metropolis4 ,we 7 satisfi$1 dur+ our (ficial visitations1 t :]e s\nd ,%]ry w9e _h be5 employ$ z a solv5t1 an effici5t & p]man5t solution 0 obta9$1 & t no precipitation ( ,antimony took place1 ! s$im5t :i* occurr$ be+ m]ely ,t>trate ( ,lime1 an incid5tal impurity d]iv$ f ! ,cream ( t>t>3 b 9 a majority ( in/ances an inf]ior w9e ( ,briti% manufacture 0 sub/itut$1 9 :i* case ! ,antimonial ,oxyd 0 univ]sally f\nd 9 a copi\s precipitate1 9 comb9ation ) vegetable extractive matt]2 & ,i h ev5 se5 ?is decomposition s complete1 t ! sup]natant liquor w\ld n yield any trace ( ! antimonial salt4 ,?is report has be5 confirm$ by successive ,c5sors1 & ! ,college h accord+ly endeav\r$ to rem$y ! evil1 by sup]s$+ ! use ( w9e altoge!r1 & ( introduc+ a _s ( equival5t /r5g?4 ,! virtues ( ?is solution are ^? detail$ "u ! hi/ory ( ,antimonium ,t>t>izatum2 ( :i* two gra9s are conta9$ 9 e fluid-ounce ( ! prep>ation4 ,! ,m$ic9al ,dynamet] w %ew ! proportion ( salt 9 any o!r giv5 quantity4 ,,dose1 x to fj1 9 any suitable vehicle1 repeat$ e ?ree or f\r h\rs1 9 :i* case x acts z a diaphoretic4 ,z an emetic1 x may be giv5 to infants 9 ! dose ( a tea-spoonful1 e t5 m9utes1 until ! desir$ effect is produc$4 ,see ,=m3 #fi1 & #aag4gaj ,,v9um ,,col*ici4 ,?is m$icat$ w9e is made z foll[s3 ,take ( ! rec5t bulb ( ! ,col*icum1 slic$ & bruis$1 p\ndj2 ( ,pro( ,_s1 fiv2 ( wat]1 fviij2 let !m infuse = f\rte5 days1 & filt] = use4 ,!re is p]haps no =m bett] calculat$ to ensure ! m$ical effects ( ! plant ?an ! "o we are n[ consid]+4 ,its dose may be /at$ to be f xx to fiss4 ,! virtues ( ,col*icum h be5 already notic$1 see ,col*ici ,radix4 ,,v9um ,,f]ri4 ,l4,d4 ,:5 prep>$ accord+ to ! ,london ,college 7,p4,l4 #ahji47 ea* p9t is /at$ to conta9 #bb gra9s ( ! r$ ,oxide ( ,iron2 ! /r5g? h[ev] mu/ 9 su* a case dep5d ^u ! quantity ( t>t> conta9$ 9 ! w9e4 ,v dry ,%]ry is frequ5tly incapable ( act+ ^u ! iron until a small proportion ( ,cream ( ,t>t> be add$ to x2 w\ld x n !re=e be adviseable to direct at once a giv5 portion ( f]rum t>t>izatum to be dissolv$ 9 w9e8 ,! ,dubl9 =mula is m eligible ?an t ( ! =m] ,london ,ph>macopia1 s9ce x directs ! use ( ,rh5i% w9e in/ead ( ,%]ry z a solv5t1 & iron wire 9 pref]5ce to iron fil+s2 ?is la/ circum/ance is important1 = ! pure/ iron c only be drawn1 & ?is is mo/ easily act$ ^u by ! sup]-t>trate ( potass4 ,^! obs]vations are (f]$ to ^? :o /ill pref] to make ! prep>ation ) w9e4 ,!y c h no relation to ! pres5t ,v9um ,f]ri ( ! ,london ,college1 :i* is prep>$ ) a weak _s1 & :i* conta9s t>trate ( potass & iron1 ) an excess ( sup]-t>trate :i* supplies ! place ( ! acid conta9$ 9 ! w9e1 & ensures ! solution ( ! t>t>iz$ iron 9 ! ,_s4 ,accord+ to ! exp]im5ts ( ,mr4 ,phillips1 :i* ,i h e reason to believe accurate1 ! pres5t prep>ation conta9s less p]oxide ( iron ?an ! =m] did2 x w be se5 by ! ,dynamet] t fj conta9s exactly "o gra91 :i* is exactly equival5t to five gra9s ( ,t>t>iz$ ,iron1 :]eas an equal quantity ( ! =m] w9e held 9 solution #a-d_/aj gr1 :i* 0 equival5t to sev5 gra9s ( ! salt4 ,m$4 ,uses4 ,x is ! lea/ unpleasant ( all ! prep>ations ( iron1 & its m$ic9al activity is support$ by ! te/imony ( ages1 = x is "o ( ! olde/ prep>ations ) :i* we are acqua9t$4 ,dose1 fij to fss4 ,,v9um ,,ipecacuanh4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,! virtues ( ?is root are completely extract$ by dilute _s4 ,dose1 z an emetic1 f fij to fss3 z a diaphoretic1 f xx to xl4 ,see ,=m4 #fc1 #acg4 ,,v9um ,,opii4 ,l4,e4#gaa ,?is is a spiritu\s solution ( ! extract ( ,opium comb9$ ) v>i\s aromatics1 :i* are suppos$ to modify ! effects ( ! opium1 :ile by ! sub/itution ( ! extract = ! crude opium1 x is consid]$ z be+ less likely to di/urb ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,i submit :e!r ! views (f]$ "u ! hi/ory ( ,w9e1 respect+ ! relative effects ( comb9$ & uncomb9$ ,alcohol1 might n lead u1 by analogy1 to prep>e a m effici5t v9um opii1 & a prep>ation less likely to affect ! /oma*3 by add+ ! opium to ! w9e dur+ its /ate ( f]m5tation1 x w\ld ent] into intimate union ) its elem5ts1 9 ! same way t br&y is incorporat$ by ! te*nical manipulation ( frett+-93 ?is sugge/ion is also sanction$ by ! g5]ally ackn[l$g$ sup]iority ( ! ,black ,drop1 :i* ,i h little d\bt is indebt$ = its peculi> efficacy to ! /ate ( comb9ation 9 :i* ! acetate ( morphia exi/s 9 ! v9\s m5/ruum4 ,! prep>ation1 :5 made ) w9e1 z direct$ 9 ! late ,ph>macopia1 is ne>ly analog\s to ! celebrat$ ,liquid ,laudanum#gab ( ,syd5ham1 & its degree ( n>cotic p[] is ne>ly ! same z t ( ! ord9>y t9cture1 z may be se5 by ref]r+ to ! ,m$ic9al ,dynamet]4 ,,v9um ,,v]atri4 ,l4 ,s9ce ! discov]y ( ! real nature ( ! ,eau ,m$ic9ale1 ?is prep>ation has fall5 into comp>ative disuse1 & might h be5 remov$1 z we h n[ introduc$ ! ,v9um ,col*ici4 ,x is h[ev] a s+ul> circum/ance t bo? ^! prep>ations %\ld owe _! m$ic9al p[]s to ! same elem5t>y pr9ciple1 viz4 ,v]atria2 & z "s practition]s are /ill addict$ to its use1 ! ,committee agre$ to let x rema94 ,,ulmi ,,cortex4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,ulmus ,campe/ris47 ,elm ,b>k4 ,,qualities4 ,od\r1 none2 ,ta/e1 slightly bitt] & mucilag9\s4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,gum1 extractive1 gallic acid1 & sup]-t>trate ( potass4 ,,solubility4 ,wat] is its appropriate solv5t4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x has be5 comm5d$ 9 h]petic eruptions1 b 9 ! h&s ( ,dr4 ,willan & o!rs x has n prov$ successful2 x is "o ( ^? articles t might be disc>d$ f our ,ph>macopia ) mu* propriety4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,decoct3 ,ulmi4 ,l4,d4 ,,ungu5ta4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,o9tm5ts4 ,^! are unctu\s sub/ances analog\s to ,c]ates except 9 consi/5ce1 :i* is mu* less firm1 & sc>cely exce$s t ( butt]3 =m]ly1 o9tm5ts 7 num]\s & complicat$ 9 _! composition1 & surgeons adapt$ ) mu* te*nical =mality diff]5t o9tm5ts to answ] diff]5t indications3 ?is practice h[ev] has und]gone a v judici\s re=m1 & x is n[ well und]/ood t 9 g5]al all t is requir$ 9 an o9tm5t is a suitable t5acity & consi/5ce1 to keep ! p>ts to :i* x may be appli$ s(t & easy1 & at ! same "t to exclude f !m ! atmosph]ic air2 9 "s cases1 h[ev]1 ^! simple compositions are made ! vehicles ( m active rem$ies1 z 9 ! foll[+ prep>ations1 viz4 ,,ungu5tum ,,can?>idis4 ,l4 ,z ! active +r$i5t 9 ?is o9tm5t is d]iv$ f an infusion ( ! ,can?>ides1 x is extremely mild1 & frequ5tly inefficaci\s4 ,! c]atum can?>idis furni%es a m c]ta9 application4 ,,ungu5tum ,,elemi ,,compositum4 ,l4 ,! elemi & turp5t9e 9 ?is o9tm5t1 r5d] x /imulant & dige/ive4 ,,ungu5tum ,,hydr>gyri ,,=tius4 ,l4 ,! precise nature#gac ( ?is comp\nd does n appe> to h be5 kn[n until ! late rese>*es#gad ( ,mr4 ,donovan1 7,annals ( ,philosophy1 ,novemb]1 #ahai17 :i* promise to lead to a m uni=m1 efficaci\s1 & economical mode ( prep>+ x2 = !y#gae %ew t 9 ! (fic9al o9tm5t1 ! m]cury exi/s 9 two diff]5t conditions1--9 ! /ate ( metal1 me*anically mix$1 z ass]t$ by ,vogel1 & 9 t ( an oxide1 *emically comb9$ ) ! l>d1 & t ! m$ic9al activity ( ! o9tm5t exclusively resides 9 ?is latt] portion1 ! pres5ce ( metallic m]cury n only be+ useless b injuri\s1 by ob/ruct+ ! absorption ( ! active comp\nd ( ! oxide4 ,mr4 ,donovan accord+ly =m$ a direct *emical comb9ation1 by cont9ually agitat+ toge!r l>d & black oxide ( m]cury at ! temp]ature ( #cej ,fah3 = two h\rs4 ,at ! end ( ! process x appe>$ t e ounce ( l>d _h dissolv$1 & comb9$ ) #ba gra9s ( oxide2 & f ! trials :i* h be5 made respect+ its activity1 x w\ld seem to be z effici5t z ! (fic9al o9tm5t1 & moreov] t x may be introduc$ by inunction 9 "o ?ird ( ! "t4 ,! inve/igation is highly important1 = x n only (f]s ! means ( prep>+ a m]curial o9tm5t m conomically1 b "o m active & manageable1 & less liable to t want ( uni=mity 9 /r5g?1 :i* mu/ always att5d a prep>ation 9 :i* s mu* lab\r is requir$ = its completion2 = indep5d5t ( t v>iation 9 /r5g? :i* w arise f imp]fect triture1 x is by no means an uncommon practice to use *emical means1 :i* are n admissible1 to facilitate ! process1 su* z ! addition ( ,sulphur1 :i* is f\nd to abridge v consid]ably ! lab\r requisite = ! ext9ction ( ! m]cury1 b x conv]ts a portion ( ! metal into a ,sulphuret1 & dim9i%es ! p[] ( ! ungu5t4 ,!re is h[ev] a me?od ( facilitat+ ! process1 :i* is n liable to any app>5t objection1 b ! !ory ( its op]ation is obscure2 x consi/s 9 add+ to ! half-prep>$ o9tm5t a portion ( t :i* has be5 long kept2 :i* appe>s to act z a leav5 to ! :ole mass4 ,! foll[+ table exhibits ! relative quantity ( m]cury conta9$ 9 ea* ( ! diff]5t o9tm5ts direct$ by ! ,briti% ,ph>macopia1 & 9 t prep>$ accord+ to ! process ( ,donovan4 ,"o ,dra*m /rong] o9tm5t conta9s ( ,m]cury #cj grs4 ( ! ,lond3 weak] o9tm5t #aj ---- ( ! ,ed9b3 common o9tm5t #ab ---- ( ! ,dub3 /rong] o9tm5t #cj ---- weak] o9tm5t #bj ---- ( t prep>$ accord+ to ,donovan #b ---- ,m]curial o9tm5t furni%es ! mo/ prompt1 & lea/ exceptionable mode ( impregnat+ ! sy/em4 ,! ext]nal me?od ( adm9i/]+ m]cury1 says ,mr4 ,john ,hunt]1 is always pref]able to ! int]nal1 because ! sk9 is n ne>ly s ess5tial to life z ! /oma*1 & !re=e is capable 9 itself ( be>+ mu* m ?an ! /oma*4 ,! inunction is g5]ally p]=m$ by rubb+ ss to j on "s "p ( ! body :]e ! cuticle is ?91 g5]ally on ! inside ( ! ?igh1 except p]haps 9 cases ( *ronic hepatitis1 :5 x is m usually appli$ to ! region ( ! liv]1 c>e be+ tak5 t ! friction is cont9u$ until e p>ticle ( ! o9tm5t disappe>s2 & = obvi\s reasons1 ! op]ation ought if practicable to be p]=m$ by ! pati5t himself4 ,:]e x has be5 an object to saturate ! sy/em ) m]cury z quickly z possible1 ,i h witness$ ! advantage ( conf9+1 by means ( slips ( bladd]1 a dra*m ( m]curial o9tm5t 9 ea* axilla1 9 addition to ! m]curial friction4 ,camphor1 turp5t9e1 & o!r /imulants1 h be5 sometimes add$ to ! o9tm5t1 ) a view ( promot+ its absorption2 ?is h[ev] is an errone\s practice1 s9ce ^! acrid +r$i5ts soon produce pu/ules on ! sk91 :i* prev5t ! cont9uance ( ! friction2 ! w>m ba? is a m c]ta91 & less objectionable adjuvant1 _m practition]s !re=e advise ! body to be imm]s$ 9 a w>m ba?1 once & aga91 be=e ! c\rse is comm5c$1 & to repeat x once or twice a week dur+ its cont9uance3 ! l5g? ( "t to be employ$ 9 a c\rse ( m]cury1 & ! quantity to be giv51 are circum/ances t mu/ 9 e case be left to ! discretion ( ! practition]4 ,m]cury1 :5 introduc$ into ! body1 acts z a p[]ful /imulant1 & p]vades e "p ( ! sy/em2 h5ce x is ! mo/ p[]ful evacuant belong+ to ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica2 f its /imulant op]ation1 ex]t$ directly or indirectly1 we are able to expla9 its utility 9 ! cure ( disease1 & x may be made to act accord+ to managem5t & circum/ances1 z a tonic1 antispasmodic1 diuretic1 ca?>tic1 sialogogue1 emm5agogue1 or alt]ative2 b its mo/ important op]ation is t display$ 9 remov+ ! diseases induc$ by ! syphilitic poison1 al?\gh its modus op]&i is /ill buri$ among/ ! _m o!r arcana ( physic4 ,! mode ( direct+ & controll+ ! influ5ce ( m]cury 9 ! cure ( ! v5]eal disease1 is n[ v g5]ally und]/ood1 & x is to be hop$ t a full confid5ce 9 its antisyphilitic p[]s is z univ]sally ma9ta9$1 9 spite ( ! late op9ions :i* t5d$ to depreciate its value & to "q its necessity2 !re is h[ev] no advantage to be ga9$1 z 0 once imag9$1 by excit+ pr(use salivation4 ,on its next important application1 t ( cur+ *ronic affections ( ! liv] & dropsy1 a rem>k :i* has be5 sugge/$ to me by ! results ( practice1 may n be unacceptable4 ,i ?9k ,i h g5]ally obs]v$1 t :5 ! rem$y has be5 pu%$ to su* an ext5t z to excite ! saliv>y gl&s to excessive secretion1 ! ur9>y organs cease to p>ticipate 9 its /imulat+ action1 & vice v]sa1 = ! m\? is r>ely affect$ :5 ! m]cury runs (f by ! kidneys2 ?is may sugge/ a precaution ( "s practical mom5t 9 ! treatm5t ( dropsy1 & x w be g5]ally judici\s to accompany ! adm9i/ration ( ?is metal ) c]ta9 diuretics1 9 ord] to direct its op]ation to ! kidneys2#gaf & x w\ld seem1 t = su* an object ^? diuretic m$ic9es %\ld be pref]r$ t act prim>ily on ! organs1 z alkalies & _! comb9ations1 squill1 c4 ! success ( su* a plan ( treatm5t w also dep5d greatly ^u ! exact p]iod at :i* ^! rem$ies are adm9i/]$2 x w = in/ance be "r to wait until ! sy/em is1 to a c]ta9 degree1 "u m]curial influ5ce4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to obs]ve1 t if ! m]cury runs (f by ! b[els1 we %all be depriv$ ( all1 or ( a great %>e (1 ! b5efit to be expect$4 ,9 c]ta9 cases1 ! lymphatic vessels seem to resi/ ! admittance ( m]cury1 & to refuse ! conveyance ( x to ! g5]al circulation3 ,i h already ?r[n out "s vague h9ts ^u ! subject1 at page #aef1 & ,i mu/ ref] ! read] to "s f>!r rem>ks1 :i* ,i appreh5d be> ^u ?is "q "u ! foll[+ article4 ,,ungu5tum ,,oxidi ,,hydr>gyri ,,c9]ei4 ,e4 ,?is consi/s ( a mixture ( "o "p ( grey oxide ( m]cury1 & ?ree p>ts ( axunge3 x 0 reasonable to suppose1 a priori1 t1 z ! :ole ( ! m]cury 9 ?is o9tm5t is oxidiz$1 its adoption w\ld sup]s$e ! necessity ( ! lab\r requir$ = ! prep>ation ( ! common m]curial o9tm5t1 & at ! same "t af=d a comb9ation ( equal if n sup]ior efficacy2 b exp]i5ce has n ju/ifi$ ! conclusion1 = x has be5 f\nd to possess little or no activity2 ! consid]ation ( x is !re=e introduc$ into ?is "w1 n on acc\nt ( its utility1 b z an object ^u :i* ,i may pause ) advantage1 to (f] ^? obs]vations :i* its hi/ory is s well calculat$ to call =? & illu/rate4 ,! circum/ance :i* r5d]s ?is prep>ation in]t1 w n[ receive a satisfactory explanation f ! exp]im5ts ( ,mr4 ,donovan1 z relat$ 9 ! prec$+ article2 9 %ort1 x is a me*anical mixture in/ead ( a *emical comb9ation2 & ,i beg aga9 to urge ! importance ( ?is di/9ction1 & to (f] ! pres5t example z a f>!r illu/ration ( ! views ,i h already submitt$ ^u ! subject4 ,by subject+ ?is o9tm5t = "s h\rs to a heat ( #cjj1 x w\ld )\t d\bt become an active prep>ation4 ,x is probable t ! lymphatics (f]s less resi/ance to ! +ress ( a m9]al body into ! sy/em :5 x is pres5t$ to !m 9 comb9ation ) "s animal sub/ance1 :i* mu/ alone be reg>d$ z _! peculi> /imulus1 & ! only matt] :i* !y are de/9$ p]petually to receive & convey2 = ! same physiological reason1 ! lacteals may probably take up iron ) great] read9ess :5 9 comb9ation ) vegetable matt]1 ?an :5 introduc$ into ! /oma* 9 a m purely m9]al =m4 ,,ungu5tum ,,hydr>gyri ,,mitius4 ,l4 ,?is weak] prep>ation is sometimes pref]r$1 z x irritates ! sk9 less2 x is h[ev] pr9cipally us$ z a topical dress+ to v5]eal sores1 & z an application to kill v]m9 on ! body4 ,,ungu5tum ,,hydr>gyri ,,nitratis4 ,l4,e4,d4 vulgo ,citr9e ,o9tm5t4 ,x is /imulant1 det]g5t1 & alt]ative2 :5 dilut$ ) an equal quantity ( simple o9tm5t or almond oil1 x may be almo/ reg>d$ z a specific 9 oph?almia t>si1 sme>$ ^u ! cilia e night at b$time4 ,,ungu5tum ,,hydr>gyri ,,nitrico-,,oxydi4 ,l4 ,an excell5t /imulant application1 well adapt$ = giv+ en]gy to indol5t ulc]s4 ,if mix$ ) any o9tm5t conta9+ res91 x loses its r$ col\r1 pass+ ?r\gh olive gre5 to black1 :i* dep5ds ^u ! conv]sion ( ! r$ into ! black oxide ( m]cury4 ,,ungu5tum ,,hydr>gyri ,,pr,,cipitati ,,albi4 ,l4 ,/imulant & det]g5t4 ,x is said to be v efficaci\s 9 c]ta9 invet]ate =ms ( ! ,it*4 ,) ! addition ( ,c>bonate ( ,potass1 x has be5 mu* extoll$ 9 v>i\s cutane\s affections4#gag ,,ungu5tum ,,picis ,,liquid4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,t> ,o9tm5t4 ,?is o9tm5t has be5 mu* extoll$ = ! removal ( tett]1 & = ! cure ( t9ea capitis4 ,,ungu5tum ,,res9 ,,nigr4 ,l4 olim1 ,ung4 ,basilicum#gah nigrum4 ,dige/ive /imulant4 ,,ungu5tum ,,sambuci4 ,l4,d4 ,x possesses no advantage ov] ! simple o9tm5t4 ,,ungu5tum ,,sulphuris4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,?is o9tm5t is a me*anical mixture ( ,l>d & ,sulphur1 al?\gh x w\ld appe> t a small proportion ( ! latt] exi/s also 9 a /ate ( *emical comb9ation4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,a specific 9 ! it*4 ,dr4 ,bateman proposes a comb9ation1 equally efficaci\s1 b :i* has n ! same disagreeable smell2 viz4 8,take ( sub-c>bonate ( potass1 half an ounce2 rose wat]1 "o ounce2 r$ sulphuret ( m]cury1 "o dra*m2 ess5tial oil ( ,b]gamot1 half a fluid-dra*m2 sublim$ sulphur1 hog's l>d1 ( ea* elev5 ounces4 ,mix !m40 ,jass]'s ,o9tm5t also1 z alt]$ 9 ! ,prussian ,ph>macopia1 is an excell5t application 9 ,psora1 viz4 4,sulphur3 ,sublim3 ij1 ,z9ci ,sulphat3 ij1 ,ol3 ,lauri1 et ,axung4 q1 s1 ut fiat ,ungu5tum4 ,,ungu5tum ,,sulphuris ,,compositum4 ,l4 ,m /imulat+ ?an ! simple o9tm5t1 f ! addition ( :ite hellebore2 x is h[ev] frequ5tly f\nd to excite too mu* irritation4 ,,ungu5tum ,,v]atri4 ,l4,d4 ,x is us$ = ! cure ( scabies1 b is less c]ta9 ?an ! o9tm5t ( sulphur4 ,,ungu5tum ,,z9ci4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,a/r+5t & /imulant2 v b5eficial 9 "s species ( oph?almia1 sme>$ ^u ! t>si1 e night4 ,v effici5t prep>ations may be also con/ruct$ by add+ toge!r equal weights ( l>d & n>cotic vegetable p[d]s1 z ^? ( ,conium1 ,digitalis1 ,belladonna1 c4 ,! addition ( a small quantity ( p[d]$ :ite sug> w frequ5tly prev5t o9tm5ts becom+ rancid4 ,,uv ,,ursi ,,folia4 ,l4,e4,d 7,arbtus ,uva ,ursi47 ,uva ,ursi1 ,be>-b]ry1 or ,trail+ ,arbutus4 ,be>'s ,:ortle-b]ry1 ,wild ,cranb]ry1 c4 ,,qualities4 ,od\r1 slight1 resembl+ t ( hyson tea2 ,ta/e1 bitt]i% & sub-a/r+5t4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,tann91 mucilage1 gallic acid1 extractive1 res91 & traces ( lime4 ,,solubility4 ,bo? wat] & alcohol extract its virtues4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,! anci5ts employ$ x on acc\nt ( its a/r+5cy1 ! mod]ns h[ev] h exhibit$ x = v>i\s diseases1 m especially = ^? affect+ ! bladd] & ur9>y organs1 &1 x w\ld seem1 )\t any !ory respect+ its modus op]&i2 b x has at l5g? fall5 into disrepute1 & probably ) ju/ice3 x occasionally r5d]s ! ur9e ( a blacki% col\r1 a fact :i* is n easy to be expla9$4 ,:5 x is adm9i/]$1 ! =m ( p[d] is pref]r$1 & 9 doses f j to j4 ,! leaves ( ! ,vacc9ium ,vitis ,ida 7,r$ ,:ortle-b]ry17 are sometimes sub/itut$ = ^? ( ,uv ,ursi2 b !y may be easily di/+ui%$2 botanically1 by ! net "w appe>ance ( _! ve9s above1 & by _! dots und]nea?2 *emically1 by _! infusion nei!r precipitat+ ! solution ( is+lass1 nor t ( sulphate ( iron4 ,,z9ci ,,oxydum4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,oxide ( ,z9c4 ,?is is occasionally us$ int]nally z a tonic1 & may be exhibit$ 9 ! =m ( pill4 ,x is h[ev] pr9cipally employ$ ext]nally1 z a mild b effici5t a/r+5t2 viz4 ,ung3 ,z9ci4 ,,adult]ations4 ,dr4 ,rol(f ( ,magdeburg has lately discov]$ ! casual pres5ce ( ,ars5ic#gai 9 ?is oxide2 by boil+ ! sub/ance 9 di/ill$ wat]1 & assay+ ! solution ) ! ammoniaco-nitrate ( silv]1 its pres5ce may be in/antly recognis$2 ,*alk may be detect$ by sulphuric acid excit+ an eff]vesc5ce2 & ,:ite ,lead1 by its =m+ an insoluble sulphate ( lead4 ,x ought to be volatile4 ,,z9ci ,,sulphas4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,sulphate ( ,z9c1 olim1 ,:ite ,vitriol4 ,,qualities4 ,=m1 cry/als1 :i* are f\r-sid$ prisms1 t]m9at$ by f\r-sid$ pyramids2 !y are slightly effloresc5t2 ,ta/e1 /yptic1 metallic1 & slightly acidul\s4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,"o proportional ( oxide1 & "o proportional ( acid2 its cry/als conta9 sev5 proportionals ( wat]4 ,,solubility4 ,x is soluble 9 #b4e times its weight ( wat] at #fj1 & 9 less ?an its own weight ( boil+ wat]1 b is q insoluble 9 alcohol4 ,,incompatible ,,sub/ances4 ,alkalies2 e>?s2 hydro-sulphurets2 a/r+5t vegetable infusions2 ,milk4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,tonic1 a/r+5t1 &1 9 l>ge doses emetic1 7,=m4 #ff47 ,z an emetic x op]ates directly1 & (f]s !re=e a prompt res\rce 9 cases ( poison1 or :]e an imm$iate dis*>ge f ! /oma* is requir$2 x appe>s to diff] f mo/ rem$ies ( ?is nature1 9 n prov+ diaphoretic 9 small] doses3 9 spasmodic#gbj c\ghs x is adm9i/]$ ) ! be/ effects1 especially :5 comb9$ ) camphor or myrrh1 7,=m4 #ei37 9 affections ( ! *e/ att5d$ ) inord9ate secretion1 ,i h witness$ mu* b5efit f its exhibition1 p>ticul>ly :5 pres5t$ 9 ! =m ( loz5ge2 &1 :5 dissolv$ 9 wat]1 9 ! proportion ( grs4 ij to fj1 x =ms a useful injection 9 fluor albus1 c42 9 small doses its int]nal exhibition is also useful 9 ,leucorrha4 ,:5 comb9$ ) opium x is well calculat$ to obviate t atony1 & ^? frequ5t dis*>ges ( fces1 )\t pa91 t take place 9 ! protract$ /ages ( dys5t]y4 ,z an ext]nal application x is v g5]ally employ$ 9 ! proportion ( grs4 x to eight fluid-ounces ( wat]4 ,! suppos$ ill effects consequ5t on ! application ( prep>ations ( lead to a great surface1 h det]m9$ "s practition]s to sub/itute 9 _! place1 solutions ( sulphate ( z9c1 b n ) ! same effect2 = to t v prop]ty1 :i* may occasionally r5d] saturn9e lotions dang]\s1 is _! virtue to be attribut$2 see ,liquor ,plumbi ,sub-acetatis4 ,,dose1 z an emetic f grs4 x4 to ss--z a tonic1 & a/r+5t1 f grs4 j4 to ij4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,liquor3 ,alum3 comp3 ,l4 7,b7 ,solutio ,sulphatis ,z9ci4 ,solutio ,acetatis ,z9ci4 ,e4 7,i74 ,t9ct3 ,acetatis ,z9ci4 ,d4 7,i74 ,,adult]ations4 ,! :ite vitriol ( comm]ce ought nev] to be us$ 9 m$ic9e )\t previ\s purification1 s9ce x g5]ally conta9s ! sulphates ( copp] & iron4 ,,z+ib]is ,,radix4 ,l4,e4,d4 7,z+ib] ,(fic9ale47 ,g+]4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,volatile oil1 fecula1 & res9o-extractive matt]2 on ! fir/ ( ^! pr9ciples its well kn[n flav\r & od\r dep5d2 b its pung5cy resides 9 ! la/4 ,,solubility4 ,wat]1 alcohol1 & !r1 extract its virtues4 ,,m$4 ,,uses4 ,x is highly /imulant & is !re=e frequ5tly b5eficial 9 flatulant *olic1 dyspepsia1 & g\t2 x is h[ev] m g5]ally employ$ z an adjunct to o!r rem$ies1 to promote _! efficacy or to correct _! op]ation1 7see ,=m4 #ib1 #id1 #aab1 #aec17 & x is f\nd1 t x does n produce ! ill effects ( ^? spices1 ^: virtues reside 9 an acrid oil4 ,,dose1 ( ! p[d]s grs4 x4 to j4 ,,(fic9al ,,prep4 ,syrup3 ,z+ib3 ,l4,e4,d4 ,syrup3 ,rhamni3 ,l4 7,e7 ,t9ct3 ,z+ib3 ,l4,d4#gba ,t9ct3 ,c9namom3 comp3 ,l4 7,b47 ,acid4 ,sulphuric3 aromat3 ,e4 ,confectio ,opii4 ,l4 ,confectio ,scammon3 ,l4,d4 7,e7 ,infus4 ,s5n4 co4 ,l4 7,e7 ,pulvis ,c9namom3 comp3 ,l4,e4,d4 7,b7 ,pulv3 ,scammon3 comp3 ,l4,d4 7,e7 ,pulv4 ,s5n4 comp3 ,l4 7,e7 ,pil3 ,aloes3 ,d4 ,pill3 ,scill comp3 ,l4,d4 ,v9um ,aloes4 ,l4,e4,d4 ,,adult]ations4 ,! p[d] is r>ely met ) 9 any tol]able degree ( purity3 !re are two v>ieties ( g+] 9 ! m>ket1 viz4 ,black1 produc$ by scald+ ! root1 & aft]w>ds ha/ily dry+ x 9 ! sun2 & ! ,:ite1 be+ t :i* has be5 c>efully wa%$1 scrap$1 & gradually dri$4 ,,f9is4 ,,index4 ,a ,abortion1 prev5t$ by suppositories ( ,opium1 page #aig4 ,absolute & ,relative rem$ies1 mean+ atta*$ to ! t]ms1 #fh4 ,absorb5t m$ic9es1 :y !y *eck di>rha1 #hb4 ,absorb5t sy/em1 specifically /imulat$ by ,m]cury1 #if4 ,acetate ( ,potass1 decompos$ 9 transitu1 & its alkal9e base develop$1 #id4 ,acetification ( ,milk by a ?und] /orm be>s "s analogy to ! op]ation ( deprav$ dige/ion1 #ef 7note47 ,acids1 +5i\s explanation ( _! modus op]&i1 z ,refrig]ants1 #aac4 ----1 vegetable1 und]go decomposition 9 ! dige/ive organs1 & are elaborat$ into *yle1 #id4 ----1 _! effects 9 cases ( ,n>cotic poison+1 #acf4 ,acrid1 or ,rubefaci5t poisons1 ! classification (1 #abh4 ,acridness1 ,gal5's notion respect+ ! orig9 (1 #ba4 ,adjuvans1 !1 9 a m$ic9al =mula1 #agh4 ,advice to ! ultra *emi/1 :i* x is hop$ may n be lo/1 #ee4 ,adult]ation ( m$ic9es1 h[ ext5sively x is practis$1 #fb4 ---- ---- ---- con/itutes a regul> bran* ( trade1 #fb4 ,arial poisons1 nature (1 #abg4 tius collect$ a multitude ( no/rums1 #ai4 ,aff9ities usual ( bodies1 susp5d$1 modifi$1 or subv]t$1 by ! p[]s ( dige/ion1 #ee4 ,afzelius1 ,dr4 describes a %rub ( ! natural family ( ,contort :i* af=ds a curi\s exception to botanical aff9ities1 #da4 ,ague1 ! celebrat$ ,dut* rem$y = !1 #aff4 ,air1 its /ate 9 relation to moi/ure an important consid]ation 9 ! cure ( a/hma1 #aje2 its p[] ( conduct+ heat affect$ by moi/ure1 #ajf4 ,alcohol1 its poison\s effects ^u a rabbit1 #aca4 ----1 :e!r absorb$ into ! circulation or n1 /ill rema9s a "q1 #gg4 ----1 l>ge doses (1 act directly s$ative1 #gg4 ,ale1 ! suppos$ li?on?ryptic prop]ties (1 #aba 7note47 ,alex&] ,trallianus1 8 prescription = a g\t m$ic9e1 #cb4 ---- ----1 8 j notions on ! subject ( m$ic9al comb9ation1 #fc4 ,alex&rian libr>y1 ! lam5table consequ5ce ( its de/ruction1 #de4 ---- ----1 burnt by ! ,caliph ,om>1 ! cotempor>y & companion ( ,mahomet1 #df 7note47 ,alexiph>mics1 ,alexit]ials1 ,c\nt]-poisons1 or ,antidotes1 true mean+ ( ! t]ms1 #abe4 ,alkali1 orig9al signification ( ! t]m1 #ch4 ----1 ,volatile1 discov]$ by ,basil ,val5t9e1 #di4 ,alkalies1 di/9ction betwe5 ! vegetable & m9]al fir/ e/abli%$ by ,avic5na1 #dh4 ----1 fix$1 =m]ly suppos$ to v>y accord+ to ! plants f :i* !y 7 produc$1 #eb4 ----1 _! ag5cy z diuretics consid]$1 #if4 ----1 ! great utility ( 9 calculus1 (t5 indep5d5t ( _! *emical ag5cy1 #abc4 ,alkal9e salts1 h[ convey$ to ! kidneys1 #fh4 ,almond1 ! wild p>5t ( ! pea*1 #fa4 ,aloes1 ! *emical & m$ic9al influ5ce ( ,alkalies ^u1 #agh4 ----1 _! insolubility det]m9es _! specific action ^u ! inte/9es1 #agb4 ,alotic prep>ations well calculat$ to correct ! consequ5ces ( ,opium1 #afb4 ,alt]ative m$ic9es lose _! efficacy by act+ viol5tly z evacuants1 #afa4 ,alt]nation ( simil> rem$ies recomm5d$ by ,dr4 ,*apman1 #adi4 ,alv9e evacuation susp5ds ! process ( inte/9al absorption1 #id4 ,alum1 fir/ us$ by ,van ,helmont 9 ! cure ( ,ut]9e hemorrhage1 #ej2 :y advantage\sly comb9$ ) ,nutmeg1 #afa4 ,amb]gris1 ! od\r ( increas$ by ,musk1 #aee 7note47 ,ambiguity ( ,nom5clature1 a f]tile s\rce ( error1 #cf4 ,ammonia l5ds its volatility to c]ta9 bodies ) :i* x is comb9$1 #aee 7note47 ,ammoniaco-magnesian phosphate1 h[ =m$ 9 ! ur9e1 by ! decomposition ( t fluid1 #abb4 ,amulets1 ! e>ly orig9 (1 #i2 ,gal5's te/imony respect+1 #g4 ,amulets ( ,ars5ic us$ 9 ! plague ( ,london1 #bf2 _! use prohibit$ by ! ,emp]or ,c>acalla by a public edict1 #h4 ,amylum1 ,/>*1 d]ivation ( ! ^w1 #ch 7note47 ,analogy1 a p[]ful in/rum5t 9 ! h&s ( ! m$ical philosoph]1 #f2 ! num]\s fallacies to :i* x is expos$1 #f4 ,an ,analytical inquiry into ! m rem>kable causes :i* h1 9 diff]5t ages & c\ntries1 op]at$ 9 produc+ ! revolutions t *>act]ise ! hi/ory ( m$ic9al sub/ances1 #c4 ,analysis ( ! objects ( m$ic9al comb9ation1 #adf4 ,analysis ( vegetables by ! ,fr5* academicians2 its unsatisfactory nature1 #eb4 ,anas>ca1 sometimes cur$ by diaphoretics1 #aja4 ,anci5t *>ms1 frequ5tly *aunt$1 #g4 ,anci5t empirics1 reason :y _! lab\rs prov$ s b>r51 #f4 ,&es1 a j\rney ov] !m furni%es a good illu/ration ( ! effect ( heat & cold ^u ! animal body1 #e4 ,antacids1 rem>ks ^u ! action (1 #aad2 "u :at circum/ances !y may be advantage\sly adm9i/]$ 9 conjunction ) tonics1 #aff4 ,an!lm9tics1 _! modus op]&i consid]$1 #ach4 ,an!mis ,nobilis1 ess5tially *ang$ by cultivation1 #fj4 ,antidotes1 d]ivation & mean+ ( ! t]m1 #abe4 ,antidotum ,mi?ridatium1 ! hi/ory (1 #bh4 ,anti-hectic mixture ( ,dr4 ,griffi?1 ! composition ( !1 #he4 ,antili?ics & ,li?on?ryptics1 def9ition (1 #aae2 --belong to ! class ( vital z well z *emical ag5ts1 #aae4 ,antimonial ,rem$ies1 ! unju/ prejudices aga9/1 #ea2 proscrib$ by ! ,supreme ,c\ncil ( ,p>is1 #ea4 ,antimony1 a case relat$ by ,dr4 ,james1 :]e9 x occasion$ salivation1 #ahh2 a conjecture respect+ ! orig9 ( ! t]m1 #dh4 ,antimony & ,opium accel]ate ! effects ( ,m]cury ^u ! sy/em1 #aeb4 ,antimony1 exp]im5ts conc]n+1 by ,basil ,val5t9e1 #dh2 re/or$ to public fav\r by a ,fr5* decree1 #ea2 its sudorific p[]s increas$ by ,opium1 #aec4 ,antiseptics1 orig9 ( rem$ies s call$1 #ge4 ,antispasmodics1 h[ !y diff] f ,n>cotics1 #gh2 mu/ be consid]$ z bo? absolute & relative ag5ts1 #gh2 may be frequ5tly comb9$ ) ,tonics1 or ,n>cotics1 #afd4 ,antispasmodics1 def9ition (1 #gh4 1 by ,w4 ,heb]d51 ,m4 ,d41 #ch 7note47 ,antionius ,musa cur$ ,augu/us by ! cold ba?1 #cj4 ,apoplexy1 use ( suppositories 9 produc+ c\nt]-irritation 9 a p>oxysm (1 #aig2 ! suppos$ p[]s ( ,/]nutatories 9 prev5t+ an attack (1 #aji4 ,apo!c>ies' ,hall1 ! +5i\s ma*9]y at1 #eb 7note47 ,arabians1 ! improvem5t ( ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica greatly indebt$ to _! zeal & indu/ry1 #df4 ,ar*al rem$ies introduc$ by ,/ahl1 #bb4 ,argonauts1 ! gold5 fleece ( !1 a *emical allegory1 #de2 "o ( !m cur$ by ! ru/ ( iron1 #h4 ,ari/ides1 ! unhappy dupe & victim ( quack]y1 #bj 7note47 ,arnoldus de ,villa ,nova inv5t$ ,t9ctures1 #dh4 ,aromatics ,ori5tal1 introduc$ into practice by ! ,arabians1 #df2 def9ition ( ! t]m1 #ha4 ,aromatic & ,tonic qualities (t5 f\nd 9 conjunction1 #ha4 ,aroma1 ,m4 ,robiquet's important exp]im5ts respect+1 #aee 7note47 ,ars5ic1 & o!r corrosive poisons require v diff]5t antidotes1 #abi4 ,ars5ic1 ,amulets (1 us$ 9 ! plague ( ,london1 #bg2 9 its metallic /ate q inactive1 #agj4 ,ars5ic1 d]ivation ( ! t]m1 #cg4 ,art1 importance ( discrim9at+ its op]ations f ^? ( ,nature1 #cd4 ----1 ! processes (1 may be (t5 improv$ by imitat+ ^? ( ,nature1 #adf4 ,arti*oke1 ,j]usalem1 orig9 & mean+ ( ! t]m1 #ch4 ,asc>ides1 cur$ by ,suppositories1 #aig4 ,asclepiades1 !1 a company ( empirics1 #bj4 ,asclepiades us$ ! ,trumpet 9 ! cure ( ,sciatica1 #h 7note47 ,a%es ( a ,wit*1 a sup]/iti\s rem$y aga9/ ,wit*craft1 #bf 7note47 ,asia1 ,ea/ ,indiaman1 its crew1 h[ cur$ ( dropsy1 #ig4 ,assaftida1 its specific contr\l ov] spasm1 #gh2 ! virtues ( v>y accord+ to /ation & soil1 #eg4 ,ass>um =m]ly conf\nd$ ) ! ,bac*>is1 #ci4 ,ass>a-bacca1 orig9 ( ! t]m1 #ci4 ,a/ral influ5ce1 ! suppos$ p[]s (1 #aj4 ,a/r+5ts mu/ be consid]$ z relative ag5ts1 #hb2 def9ition ( ! t]m1 #ha2 a comb9ation ( ) ,tonics1 frequ5tly indicat$ 9 passive hemorrhage1 #afe2 !y act ?r\gh ! sympa!tic m$ium ( ! prim vi1 #hb2 = :at purpose !y %\ld be comb9$ ) n>cotics & absorb5ts1 #afe2 :5 !y %\ld be conjo9$ ) diaphoretics1 #afe4 ,a/r+5t poisons1 #abh4 ,a/r+5cy1 no *emical te/ exi/s =1 #ha4 ,a/ruc1 8 practice ( premis+ a c\rse ( ,m]cury ) v5esection1 #aee 7note47 ,a!nian ,poison1 d\bts respect+ its nature1 #cg4 ,att5uant m$ic9es1 h[ suppos$ to act1 #bc4 ,avic5na1 ! fir/ p]son :o describes ! process ( di/illation1 #dg4 ,avic5na's al>m at ! int]nal use ( iron1 #bd4 ,augu/us re/or$ to heal? by ! cold ba?1 #ca4 ,azote1 conta9$ 9 alim5t>y sub/ances1 & suppos$ by ,maj5die to give orig9 to ! ,li?ic acid1 #aag4 ,b ,bacon1 ,rog]1 ! fa!r ( *emi/ry 9 ,engl&1 #dh4 ,bacon1 ,"l1 believ$ 9 ! p[] ( *>ms & amulets1 #ac2 8 op9ion conc]n+ my?ological fables1 #dd4 ,bagdat1 its connection ) ,india facilitat$ ! introduction ( ori5tal aromatics into m$ic9e1 #df4 ,bak]1 ,sir ,george1 ! rem>ks ( respect+ ! comb9ations ( ,b>k ) o!r m$ic9es1 #aff4 ,baldw91 ,dr4 f\nd ! wild p>5t ( ! potatoe plant at ,monte ,video1 #hj 7note47 ,b>k1 its virtues discov]$ by accid5t1 b confirm$ by reason1 #h2 ! orig9al mean+ ( ! t]m1 #cg2 its adult]ation m5tion$ by ,syd5ham1 #fa2 its comb9ation ) ,rhub>b recomm5d$ by ,dr4 ,mead1 #afe2 its comb9ation ) ,muriate ( ,ammonia recomm5d$ by ,bo]haave1 #afe4 ,b>k & ,/eel1 n equival5t tonics z "s h consid]$1 #aea4 ---- ,p]uvian1 a new alkal9e body detect$ 9 x1 & call$ ,c9*onia1 #agb4 ,b>ry's extracts made 9 vacuo2 8 discov]y ( ,phosphoric acid 9 a v>iety ( cultivat$ vegetables1 #aah 7note47 ,b>yta1 its modus op]&i z a poison consid]$1 #acf4 ,base1 mean+ ( ! epi!t z appli$ to metals1 #df4 ,base ( vegetable salts elim9at$ by ! dige/ive process1 #ig4 ,basil ,val5t9e1 ! fa!r ( metallic m$ic9e1 #dh4 8,basilica ,m$ica10 ,calomel fir/ m5tion$ 91 #ea4 ,basis ( a m$ic9al =mula1 its object1 #agh2 its efficacy increas$ by unit+ x ) "s m$ic9e :i* may r5d] ! sy/em susceptible ( its action1 #aeb2 ! action (1 promot$ by comb9ation1 #adf4 ,ba?1 hot & cold1 me*anical notions respect+ _! op]ation & effects1 #bb4 ,ba?+ wisely consid]$ z an act ( religion1 #ah4 ,ba?1 ! use ( !1 prohibit$ by c]ta9 ,prie/esses 9 ,greece1 #ca 7note47 ,be] h[ pres]v$ by hops1 #afg4 ,begu9 describes ,calomel "u ! "n ( ,draco ,mitigatus1 9 8 8,tiroc9ium ,*emicum10 #ea4 ,belladonna1 its sympa!tic influ5ce ^u ! ,iris1 by contact ) ! cornea1 #fi4 ,b5$iction be/[$ on ^? :o sneeze1 ! suppos$ orig9 ( !1 #aji4 ,b]kley's 8,siris0 happily ridicul$ by ,reeve1 #bg 7note74 ,b]ries ( ,junip]1 unless bruis$1 w n yield _! virtues to any m5/ruum1 #ahd4 ,b]?ollet's important law ( aff9ity highly useful to ! physician1 #ahb4 ,besni] expell$ ! faculty ( m$ic9e1 = hav+ adm9i/]$ ,antimony1 #ea4 ,bezo>1 (t5 adm9i/]$ 9 conjunction ) active rem$ies1 & has ?us acquir$ unju/ cr$it1 #fc2 d]ivation ( ! t]m1 #fc 7note74 ,bezo>dics1 a "n giv5 to a c]ta9 tribe ( m$ic9al sub/ances1 #fc 7note74 ,bi-*loride ( ,m]cury1 ! new "n = corrosive sublimate1 #dj4 ,bile1 !1 und]goes decomposition 9 c]ta9 /ates ( disease1 #aab 7note74 ,bis*(f introduces ,gelat91 z a rem$y1 into ,g]many1 #ef 7note74 ,bitt] extractive1 its necessity z an alim5t>y /imulant 9 an inv]se ratio ) ! nutritive p[] ( ! +e/a1 #gi2 important use ( to man1 #gi2 passes ?r\gh ! alim5t>y canal )\t und]go+ any *ange1 #hj2 ess5tial to ! dige/ive p[]s ( h]bivor\s quadrup$s1 #gi4 ---- ,pr9ciples1 h[ suppos$ to ent] ! circulation1 #fh4 ,bitt]ness 9 plants1 :at x indicates1 #db4 ----1 ,gal5's notion respect+ ! cause (1 #ba2 does n exclusively reside 9 any peculi> pr9ciple1 #gi 7note74 8,black ,drop10 an unsci5tific attempt to imitate x att5d$ ) explosion61 #aha4 ,black ,wa%1 ^u :at its efficacy dep5ds1 #aga4 ,blackall1 ,dr4 8 important rem>ks on ,diuretics1 #aej2 8 valuable "w on dropsy1 #if4 ,blair1 ,dr4 op9ion (1 conc]n+ ! botanical k ( ! ,anci5ts1 #da 7note74 ,blane1 ,sir ,gilb]t1 8 def9ition ( ! t]m 8,sympa?y10 #fh 7note72 8 attempt to expla9 ! sialogogue p[]s ( ,m]cury1 #ajh2 8 +5i\s hypo!sis respect+ ! ftid brea? ( salivat$ p]sons1 #aeb1 7note72 8 rem>ks on m$ic9al activity1 #fg4 8,bli/]+ ,po9t0 ( ,dr4 ,ru%1 #aaj4 ,bli/]s fir/ propos$ by ,ar*ig5es & ,aretu1 #df4 ,bli/]s1 ! prim>y & second>y effects ( consid]$1 #aaj2 cure inflammation1 ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( 8contigu\s sympa?y10 #aaj4 ,blood ,/one1 or ,heliotrope1 its suppos$ p[]s1 #bf4 ,blood1 viscidity ( !1 a suppos$ cause ( disease1 #bb2 ! r$ globules (1 =m]ly suppos$ to dep5d ^u iron1 #bc4 ---- ( a ,gladiator1 an anci5t rem$y 9 ,epilepsy1 #af4 ---- ( ! ,goat1 curi\s conceit respect+1 #dg 7note74 ,blood-vessels divid$1 sub/ances ent]1 #gj4 ,bodies und]go decompositions 9 ! /oma*1 indep5d5t ( _! ord9>y aff9ities1 #ee4 ,bo]haave1 a passage 91 recomm5d$ to ! att5tion ( ,pr(essor ,br&e1 #eg2 ,bo]haave1 ,kaw1 treatm5t ( epileptics 9 ! poor-h\se at ,ha]lem1 #af4 ,boorde1 ,dr4 ,&rew1 ! orig9 ( ,m]ry ,&rews1 #cc 7note74 ,boracic acid1 increases ! purgative p[]s ( ,cream ( ,t>t>1 & :y1 #agc4 ,botanical sci5ce1 its progress & uses1 #da2 its importance 9 re=m+ our nom5clature1 #ci4 ,boyle recomm5ds z a p[]ful rem$y ! ?igh bone ( an execut$ crim9al1 #ac4 ,brac+ & ,relax+1 import ( ! t]ms1 z appli$ to m$ic9es1 #bb4 ,bra91 od\r ( alcohol recognis$ 9 !1 #gg2 its influ5ce n directly necess>y to ! action ( ! he>t1 #aca4 ,br&e1 ,mr4 ,pr(essor1 8 attack ^u ! ,engli% ,univ]sities answ]$1 #ec2 8 op9ion respect+ ! r$ globules ( ! blood confirm$ by ,vauquel91 #bc 7note74 ----1 ,mr4 ,e4 8 case ( ob/ruction f ! habitual use ( magnesia1 #ic2 8 acc\nt ( an unsci5tific comb9ation hav+ produc$ mis*ief1 #aha4 ,bread1 crumb (1 its value z a vehicle = pills1 #aie4 ,br$a1 celebrat$ siege (1 epidemic dur+1 cur$ by inspir+ confid5ce1 #af4 ,bride-cake1 orig9 ( ! cu/om (1 #adh4 ,bree1 ,dr4 8 practice ( comb9+ ,diaphoretics & ,tonics1 #afd4 ,brodie1 ,mr4 8 enlight5$ views respect+ ! op]ation ( poisons1 #aca4 ,br[n1 ,dr4 ,john1 8 sy/em notic$1 #bd4 ,br[n ,bread acts me*anically1 & promotes ! p]i/altic motions ( ! prim vi1 #hi4 ,buffon1 8 op9ion conc]n+ ! orig9 ( :eat1 #fj4 ,c ,cabbage1 ! cultivat$ (fspr+ ( ! ,colewort1 #fa4 ,cab9et ( ,mat]ia ,m$ica 9 possession ( ! ,college ( ,physicians1 #c 7note74 ,cactus ,opuntia1 or ,indian fig1 r$d5s ! ur9e1 #fh 7note74 ,csalp9us1 ! fa!r ( botanical sy/em1 #da 7note74 ,caloric1 lat5t /ate (1 symbolically repres5t$ by ,vulcan1 #de2 free1 symbolically repres5t$ by ,ve/a1 #de4 ,calomel1 speculations respect+ ! orig9 ( ! t]m1 #dj 7note74 ---- & ,antimony are mutually *ang$ by comb9ation ) ea* o!r1 #afi4 ,culpepp]1 ,turn]1 & ,lovel1 ! ?ree ,a/rological h]b>i/s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 #ac4 ,camboge1 :y liable to affect ! /oma*1 #agb4 ,cambridge1 its discipl9e v9dicat$ aga9/ ! asp]sions ( ,pr(essor ,br&e1 #ec4 ,camphor1 ( ,arabian orig91 #df2 propriety ( adm9i/]+ x 9 a /ate ( m9ute division1 #aij 7note74 ,c>acalla issues an edict aga9/ ! use ( amulets1 #h4 ,c>bonic acid gas1 its effects 9 increas+ ! p[]s ( ca?>tic m$ic9es exp]i5c$1 #aee4 ,c>d9al de ,lugo1 a ,spani% ,jesuit1 int]c$es ) ! ,pope1 & obta9s 8 c\nt5ance & support = ! ,p]uvian b>k1 #ca4 ,c>lisle1 ,sir ,an?ony1 detects g9 9 ! bra91 #gg4 ,ca/alian ,f\nta91 its prophetic nature consid]$1 #ae4 ,ca/ille1 ,john1 ,k+ (1 poison$ by m$icat$ boots1 #acj 7note74 ,ca/or ,oil1 orig9 ( ! "n1 #ci4 ,catam5ia1 ! suppression (1 may dep5d ^u v diff]5t causes1 & require v diff]5t rem$ies1 #ia4 ,cataplasmata ,p\ltices1 calculat$ to fulfil sev]al indications1 z ,/imulants--,antiseptics--,s$atives--,re frig]ants--,emolli5ts1 #bje4 ,ca?>sis susp5ds ! process ( alim5t>y absorption1 #ij4 ,ca?>tic m$ic9es1 obs]vations respect+ _! abuse1 #ia4 ,c>?>tics1 def9ition (1 #hh4 --,class$ "u two divisions1 viz4 ,laxatives & ,purgatives1 #hh4 ,cato1 ! ,c5sor1 8 incantation = ! r$uction ( a dislocat$ limb1 #ag4 ,cattle rum9ate less 9 wet seasons1 & :y1 #eh4 ,cay5ne pepp] & opium us$ by ! ,fr5* z a re/orative1 #gg 7note74 ,cel]y1 its orig9 f ! ,apium graveoleus1 #fa4 ,c]ussa1 less active ?an ! precipitate produc$ by ! decomposition ( ! sub-acetate ( lead1 #aga4 ,*aldeans & ,babylonians expos$ _! sick 9 ! m>kets1 9 ord] t !y might obta9 ! advice ( travell]s1 #h4 ,*amomile1 fl[]s (1 *ang$ by cultivation1 #da4 ,*apman1 ,dr4 8 ass]tion respect+ ! op]ation ( ,k9o & ,columba refut$1 #afi2 8 op9ion respect+ ,comb9ation confirm$1 #adi4 ,*>ms = /opp+ a hemorrhage1 #ag4 ,*elt5ham wat] a natural comb9ation ( an in/ructive "*1 #afd4 ,*emi/s1 ! manufactur+1 errors daily committ$ by1 #aee2 --! sect (1 & _! false !ories1 #bc4 ,*emi/ry1 importance (1 9 re=m+ m$ical nom5clature1 #ci2 --n allud$ to 9 ! m$ical writ]s ( ,greece or ,rome1 #de4 ,*emical ,nom5clature1 ! fallacies (1 #dj2 ,*emical ,sci5ce1 ! antiquity (1 exam9$1 #dd2 ! application & misapplication (1 consid]$1 #dd2 ,*emical action1 ! advantages obta9$ by x 9 ! =mation ( new rem$ies1 #aga2 ,*emical doctr9es1 influ5ce (1 ^u ! popul>ity ( c]ta9 rem$ies1 #gd2 ,*emical ,rem$ies1 reflections conc]n+ _! op]ation ^u liv+ bodies1 #aab2 ,*emical hypo!sis to expla9 ! op]ation ( iron z a tonic1 #bc4 ,*]ry-br&y1 rem>ks ^u ! suppos$ efficacy (1 #fc 7note74 ,*ifletius1 ! phillippic (1 aga9/ ! b>k1 #ca4 ,*9ese ,m&>91 8 absurd treatm5t by twelve physicians1 #agh4 ,*orea & ,hy/]ia cur$ by purgatives1 #ij4 ,cicuta1 ! t]m n indicative ( any p>ticul> plant 9 anci5t au?ors1 #cg4 ,circulation1 h[ influ5c$ by nausea1 #hf2 --?r\gh :at av5ues =eign sub/ances ent] x1 #fh4 ,citois attributes ! epidemic ( ,poit\ to ! appe>ance ( a new ,/>1 #aj 7note74 ,citrate ( ,potass acts ^u ! ur9>y organs l an uncomb9$ alkali1 #id4 ,cl>ifi$ ,glue1 sub/itut$ = b>k 9 ! cure ( fev]s61 #ef4 ,cl>ke1 ,dr4 8 gas bl[-pipe1 #ed 7note74 ,classification ( m$ic9al bodies1 #gb2 --extreme difficulty ( ! subject1 & :y1 #gj4 ,climate1 ! influ5ce ( ^u m$ic9al plants1 #eg4 ,cloves1 _! qualities entirely *ang$ by vegetable developem5t1 #fb4 ,cly/]s1 ,enemata1 calculat$ to fulfil sev]al important indications1 #bjj4 8,codex ,m$icam5t>ius ,p>isi5sis10 #bg2 rem>ks on ! extravagant nom5clature :i* x exhibits1 #dj4 ,col*e/] ,oy/]s ( a gre5 col\r1 & :y1 #dd4 ,col*icum1 a caution respect+ its panegyric1 #ba2 its v9\s infusion acts m viol5tly :5 acid is pres5t1 #afb2 its virtues *ang$ dur+ ! progress ( its gr[?1 #fb2 its bitt] pr9ciple sep>at$ by ! assimilative functions1 & transmitt$ to ! kidneys1 #fh4 ,cold ,wat]1 a g5]al application to gun-%ot w\nds1 #ae4 ,cold1 ! ext]nal application (1 proves diaphoretic1 & :y1 #ii4 ,colewort1 ! p>5t ( ! cabbage tribe1 #fa4 ,college ( ,physicians ( ,london1 _! fir/ ,ph>macopia1 #eb 7note74 ,colocyn?1 rem>ks respect+ ! solubility (1 #agb2 ! dra/ic prop]ties (1 mitigat$ by camphor1 #afa4 ,col\r ( ,fl[]s1 h[ modifi$ by cold1 #eh4 ,col\r1 ta/e1 & smell ( plants1 indicate _! virtues1 #db2 indications (1 errone\sly appreciat$ by ,l9nu1 #db4 ,columella1 8 /atem5t respect+ ! delet]i\s prop]ties ( ! pea*1 #fa4 ,collyrium ( ,danaus1 #ai4 ,comb9ation ( m$ic9es1 a fatal s\rce ( m$ical fallacy1 #fb4 ,comb9ations ( ,nature af=d in/ructions = ! arrangem5ts ( ,art1 #ade4 ,comp\nd m$ic9es1 divisible into two classes1 #ahj4 ,conc5tration may dim9i%1 in/ead ( increase1 ! p[]s ( a m$ic9al sub/ance1 #agb4 ,consecutive ,phnom5a 9 cases ( poison+ are always to be att5d$ to1 #acg4 ,con/itu5s !1 9 a m$ic9al =mula1 :at1 #agi4 ,contagion1 ! matt] (1 modifi$ 9 activity by ! degree ( moi/ure 9 ! atmosph]e1 #bge 7note74 ,controv]sy betwe5 ! ,gal5ical & ,*emical sects1 #ea4 ,conticiri introduces gelat91 z a rem$y into ,italy1 #ef 7note74 ,contigu\s ,sympa?y ( ,hunt] expla9$1 #fi4 ,contra ,indication1 a mom5t\s error 9 ! ,art ( ,prescrib+1 #aff4 ,cooke1 ,dr4 8 obs]vation on ! absorption ( alcohol1 #gg4 ,copaiba1 ,balsam (1 an improp] con/itu5t = pill-masses1 & :y1 #aid4 ,coral1 rem>ks on ! sup]/iti\s use (1 z an amulet1 #ac 7note74 ,cordus1 ,val]ius1 fir/ compos$ a ,ph>macopia1 #eb 7note74 ,correct+ ! op]ation ( a m$ic9e1 an object ( sci5tific comb9ation1 #aaj4 ,corrig5s !1 9 a m$ic9al =mula1 :at1 #agh4 ,corrosive ,sublimate1 ! mann] 9 :i* x de/roys life consid]$1 #abi2 ! acrid action (1 mitigat$ by mucilag9\s dr9ks1 #afa2 obs]vations ^u ! t]m1 #dj4 ,corrosive or ,es*>otic poisons1 ! enum]ation (1 #abi4 8,contori10 ! natural family (1 m$ic9al rem>ks ^u !1 #da4 ,cov5try1 ! memb] =1 8 exceptionable conduct1 #cc 7note74 ,c\ghs1 humid ( old ,p]sons1 cur$ by sulphate ( z9c myrrh1 #afe2 aggravat$ by ! transition f fro/ to ?aw1 #ajf4 8,c\nt]bla/e to ,tobacco10 by ,k+ ,james ! fir/1 #bi 7note74 ,crab1 ! wild p>5t ( ! gold5 pipp91 #fa4 ,cream ( ,t>t>1 r5d]$ m purgative by ,boracic ,acid1 & :y1 #agc2 h[ x d]ives a *>act]i/ic action f its insolubility1 #agc2 its orig9 9 ! f]m5t$ juice ( ! grape acc\nt$ =1 #ahc 7note72 propos$ by ,mr4 ,br&e z a rem$y = calculus1 & object$ to by ! au?or1 #abc4 ,cr$ulity1 def9ition (1 #ai2 m mis*iev\s ?an sup]/ition1 #ai4 ,cri*ton1 ,sir ,alex&]1 8 obs]vations ^u simplicity ( ,prescription1 #fd2 8 exp]i5ce 9 ! utility ( ,t> fumigation1 #bjb4 ,crollius1 8 "w on ,signatures ref]r$ to1 #bf4 ,cromwell1 ,oliv]1 fell a victim to an int]mitt5t1 ?r\gh ! timidity ( 8 physician1 #bd4 ,cruci=m ,plants1 _! m$ic9al *>act]s1 #da2 deg5]ate )9 ! tropics1 #eh4 ,crucible1 d]ivation ( ! t]m1 #ab 7note74 ,cull5's classification ( ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 #gb2 f\nd$ on an hypo!tical basis1 #gd2 --8 !ory ( ! op]ation ( n>cotics1 #gf4 ,culture1 ! influ5ce ( ^u m$ic9al plants1 #eg4 ,cuman ,sibyll1 suppos$ by ,d>w9 to h tak5 ! juice ( ! ,*]ry-laurel1 #d4 ,cure1 by sympa?y1 att5d$ to by ! poets1 #ad4 ,currie1 ,dr4 8 judici\s advice respect+ ! p]iod at :i* opium %\ld be adm9i/]$ 9 fev]s1 #ahg4 8,currus ,triumphalis ,antimonii10 by ,basil ,val5t9e1 #dh4 ,cutane\s dis*>ge mat]ially modifi$ by ! /ate ( ! atmosph]e1 #ih 7note74 ,cytisus ,laburnum1 ! se$s (1 viol5tly emetic1 #da4 ,d ,d>w91 ,dr4 8 int]pretation ( ! fable ( ,pros]p9e1 #dd4 ,datura1 gloomy aspect (1 indicates its poison\s nature1 #db2 ,davy1 ,sir ,h4 8 exp]im5ts h %ewn t vegetable a/r+5ts pass un*ang$ ?r\gh ! body1 #hb1 #ahb2 8 rese>*es into ! nutritive value ( grass1 #gi2 8 op9ion conc]n+ ! allegorical int]pretation ( ! ,arabian ,nights' ,ent]ta9m5t1 #dg4 ,davy1 ,dr4 ,john1 und]takes a s]ies ( exp]im5ts ) ,k9o & ,calumba1 at ! reque/ ( ! au?or1 #afi2 8 exp]im5ts on ! specific gravity ( ! blood aft] v5esection1 #adj4 ,debility1 ! result ( a *ange 9 ! t5sion ( ! fibres ( ! body1 #gh4 ,decoction frequ5tly de/roys ! efficacy ( m$ic9al bodies1 #ahd4 ,deliv]y exp$it$ by nause\s m$ic9es1 #af 7note74 ,demulc5ts1 _! suppos$ mode ( op]ation1 #aci4 ,deposites me*anical1 f ! ur9e1 divisible into ?ree classes1 #aac4 ,d]ry-d[n1 ,druidical orig9 ( ! *orus (1 #ac4 ,design ( ! ,ph>macologia1 #c4 ,developem5t ( active elem5ts "o ( ! objects ( ,ph>maceutic *emi/ry1 #aga4 ,devotion to au?ority1 ! mis*iev\s t5d5cy (1 #bg4 ,diaphoretics1 def9ition (1 #ih2 a new classification ( propos$1 #ii2 :5 comb9$ ) tonics (f] res\rces 9 cont9u$ fev]1 #afd2 may cure dropsy1 #aja4 ,diaphoresis1 frequ5tly foll[s nausea1 #hf4 ,di>rha *eck$ by rem$ies ( a diff]5t nature1 #hb4 ,dictator1 8 election & duties1 dur+ a pe/il5ce 9 ,rome1 #af4 ,die/'s absurd prep>ation ( opium1 #bh4 ,diet & ,habits1 ! importance ( *ang+ !m 9 disease consid]$1 #aeg2 important practical rem>ks ^u1 #aeh4 ,diet ,vegetable1 ! suppos$ refrig]at+ effect (1 expla9$1 #aac4 ,diffusible & p]man5t /imulants1 #ge4 ,digby1 ,sir ,k5elm1 ! 8,sympa!tic ,p[d]0 (1 #ad4 ,dige/ion1 sometimes quick5$ by ! op]ation ( an emetic1 #hf2 h[ mat]ially x is affect$ by m5tal di/urbance1 #aeh2 imp]fect1 diseases aris+ f1 h[ treat$ by ! au?or1 #aei4 ,dige/ive ,functions1 _! influ5ce ^u c]ta9 rem$ies1 #fh4 ,digitalis & ,potass1 al?\gh n simil> z diuretics1 are compatible ) ea* o!r1 #afc4 ,digitalis1 ,dr4 ,)]+'s obs]vation respect+ its accumulation 9 ! sy/em #ahh2 its utility exagg]at$1 #ba2 :y x acts z a sorbefaci5t1 #if4 ,digitalis & ,m]cury1 dissimil> z diuretics1 #aej4 ,digitalis & ,v]bascum1 al?\gh m$ic9ally oppos$ to ea* o!r1 belong to ! same natural family1 #da4 ,dilu5ts1 _! ext5sive use 9 ! cure ( disease1 #aci4 ,dionysius ( ,mytil5e1 8 explanation ( ! ,gold5 ,fleece ( ! ,argonauts1 #de4 ,dioscorides1 _m ( 8 plants n to be recognis$ 9 ! pres5t day1 #cf2 --! ,comm5t>y ( ,ma?iolus ^u1 pass$ ?r\gh sev5te5 editions61 #cf 7note74 ,dirig5s ( anci5t au?ors1 #agi 7note74 ,discov]ies 9 ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 r>ely m ?an ! revival ( anci5t practices1 #ca4 ,disease1 its type & "* alt]$ by climate & season1 #eg4 ,disp5satories ( ,london & ,ed9burgh1 _! m]its1 #eb 7note74 ,disp5satory ( ,weck] conta9s sev]al prep>ations 9 :i* ! magnet is an +r$i5t1 #bd 7note74 ,di/5tion1 ! /imulus (1 increases ! efficacy ( emetics1 #aee4 ,di/illation1 ! op]ation ( n notic$ by ,hippocrates or ,gal51 #de4 ,division1 ! me*anical /ate (1 modifies ! op]ation ( m$ic9al bodies1 #agd4 ,diuretics1 new views respect+ _! modus op]&i1 #ib2 def9ition (1 #ib2 h[ to be manag$ ) respect to dilution1 #age2 ,tabul> arrangem5t (1 #ib4 ,diuresis occasion$ by dim9i%+ art]ial action1 #if4 ,dose ( a p[d]1 rules respect+ !1 #ahi4 ,doses ( m$ic9es are specific ) respect to ea* sub/ance1 #ahd2 9 ,italy1 #ei4 ,doses1 :5 excessive1 r produce a local ?an a g5]al effect1 #ahe4 ,draco ,mitigatus1 calomel describ$ "u ?is "n1 by ,begu9 9 #afjh1 #ea4 ,draughts1 h[ !y diff] f mixtures1 #aii2 :5 to be pref]r$1 #aii4 ,dropsy1 a case ( cur$ by well f]m5t$ bread1 #ig2 may be occasionally cur$ by v5esection1 #if2 ,dr4 ,blackall's +5i\s "w on1 #aej4 ,duhamel's cases ( dropsy cur$ by sweat+1 #aja 7note74 ,drummond1 ,sir ,william1 8 op9ions conc]n+ c]ta9 allegories1 #dd4 ,dryd5's allusion to cures by sympa?y1 #ad4 8,dry vomit ( ,m>riott10 ( :at x consi/$1 #acd 7note74 ,dubois1 ,mr4 8 report ( ! progress ( vacc9ation 9 ! ea/1 #ae4 ,dugald ,/ew>t's rem>k respect+ scepticism1 #ba4 ,dunn+1 ! celebrat$ b>ri/]1 h[ affect$ by a bli/]1 #aaj 7note74 ,dyspepsia ( s$5t>y p]son1 h[ cur$ by ! au?or1 #aei4 ,e ,e>ly orig9 ( ,amulets1 #g4 ---- hi/ory ( ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica involv$ 9 fable1 #g4 ,e>-r+s1 buri$ by ,jacob1 7 ,amulets1 #g4 ,e>1 ! bitt] secretion ( !1 protects x f insects1 #ach 7note74 ,e>? ( ,lemnos1 only dug on a p>ticul> day1 #ab4 8,eaton's ,/yptic10 ( :at compos$1 #hc 7note74 8,eau ,m$ic9ale10 ! active +r$i5t (1 kn[n to ! anci5ts1 #cb4 ,eb]le1 ,dr4 ( ,philadelphia1 h[ he acc\nts = ! fact ( ,nauseants exp$it+ m]curial salivation1 #aef 7note72 8 !ory object$ to1 7ibid474 ,e*o1 beautifully allegoriz$ z ! daught] ( air & e>?1 #dd 7note74 ,edw>d ! ,confessor1 fir/ t\*$ = ! evil1 #af 7note74 ,eff]vesc5ce1 a caution respect+ ! adm9i/ration ( a rem$y 9 ! /ate (1 wor?y att5tion1 #agg4 ,efficacy ( ,hemlock1 exagg]at$ by ,/erck1 #ba4 ,egypt1 ! anci5t physicians (1 oblig$ to prescribe accord+ to a fix$ code1 #ahj4 8,elat910 a new vegetable pr9ciple discov]$ by ! au?or1 #ch4 ,elat]ium =ms ) soap an active suppository1 #aig2 value ( z a hydragogue1 #ig2 conta9s two pr9ciples ( activity1 #aec2 mean+ ( ! t]m accord+ to ,hippocrates1 #ch4 ,electricity1 lately employ$ z a ,li?on?ryptic1 #abd4 ,electu>ia1 electu>ies1 def9ition (1 #aih2 g5]al rules to be obs]v$ 9 select+ & prescrib+ ?is =m ( m$ic9e1 #aih4 8,electu>ium ,opiatum ,poluph>macum0 ( ! ,codex ,p>isi51 #bg2 ,electu>y ( ! ,que5 ( ,cole91 #dg 7note74 ,elixir univ]sal1 a belief 9 its efficacy ent]ta9$ by ,rog] ,bacon1 #dh4 ,emetics1 v>i\s uses (1 9 ! cure ( disease1 #hf2 ! activity (1 :y occasionally increas$ by ,n>cotics1 #aeb2 quick5$ 9 _! action by v5esection1 #aef2 9 :at cases !y may prove dang]\s1 #hg2 def9ition (1 #hc2 practical precaution respect+1 #he4 8,emet910 a new pr9ciple develop$ f ,ipecacuan1 #agb4 ,emm5agogues1 def9ition (1 #ia2 c only be relative ag5ts1 #ia4 ,emolli5ts1 def9ition (1 #ada4 ,empirics1 anci5t sect (1 _! lab\rs b>r51 & :y1 #f4 ,empla/rum ,nigrum ( ,augsburg1 #bd 7note74 ,empla/ra1 pla/]s1 great importance ( 9 ! cure ( local z well con/itutional affections1 #bjg4 ,empla/rum ,div9um ,nicolai1 #bd 7note74 ,enemata1 ,cly/]s1 calculat$ to fulfil five great indications1 #bjj4 ,engl& falsely call$ ! ,p>adise ( ,quacks1 #ai4 ,engli% hops1 :y sup]ior to ^? ( =eign gr[? z pres]vatives ( be]1 #afh 7note74 ,epidemics1 arre/$ 9 _! progress by moral impressions1 #af4 ,epispa/ics1 ! def9ition (1 #aji2 ! modus op]&i (1 consid]$1 #aaj2 see ,bli/]s1 #aaj4 ,erasi/ratus prote/s aga9/ m$ic9al comb9ation1 #fc4 ,errh9es1 or ,/]nutatories1 def9ition & use (1 #ajh2 ,dr4 ,cull5's te/imony respect+ _! value1 #aji4 ,errors1 *emical & ph>maceutical1 :i* may be committ$ 9 writ+ prescriptions1 #ahj4 ,ery?ric acid1 h[ obta9$ f ,li?ic acid1 #aag4 ,es*>otics1 def9ition (1 #acg2 ! op]ation ( is g5]ally *emical1 #ach4 ,ess5ces ( ,dioscorides & ,gal51 7 simple extracts1 #de4 ,ess5tial oils1 c]ta9 ( !m ent] ! circulation1 #fh4 ,esculapius1 ,temple (1 rem$ies fir/ record$ !re1 #h4 ,e!r in/antly relieves v]tigo1 & :y1 #fi2 ! production ( f ,alcohol fir/ notic$ by ,basil ,val5t9e1 #di4 ,evacuants1 :y class$ z local /imulants1 #hc4 ,euphrasia1 or eye-bright1 its suppos$ virtues d]iv$ f ! doctr9e ( signatures1 #be1 #bg 7note74 ,excrem5ts ( insects1 a popul> rem$y 9 ,italy1 #aa4 ,exhalation f ! lungs1 modifi$ by c]ta9 m$ic9es1 #ajb4 ,expectorants1 def9ition (1 #aja2 a new classification ( propos$1 #ajb2 "u :at circum/ances !y may be usefully associat$ ) /imulants1 #aff4 ,exp]i5ce1 false application ( ! t]m1 #f4 ,exp]im5ts ) diff]5t m$ic9es on inf]ior animals1 ! great importance ( #fi4 7note74 ,exp]im5t & ,obs]vation1 ,pr(essor ,leslie's def9ition (1 #d 7note74 ,exp]im5tal mode ( inve/igation allegoriz$ 9 ! fable ( ,proteus1 #de4 ,extemporane\s ,=mul1 ! nature & necessity (1 #ahj4 ,ext]nal rem$ies1 divisible into two classes1 #bjc2 h[ !y act on ! con/itution1 #bjd4 ,extract ( ,logwood1 :y n to be adm9i/]$ 9 ! =m ( pill1 #aif 7note74 ,extract1 mean+ ( ! t]m1 #ch4 ,eye-lids1 anci5t cu/om ( a/r++ !1 #di4 ,eye ( ,typhon1 ! anci5t "n ( ,squill1 #i4 ,f ,fables ( ,antiquity1 suppos$ mean+ ( !1 #dd4 ,factiti\s ,bezo>s1 #fc 7note74 ,fallacies to :i* m$ic9al exp]im5ts are liable1 #f4 ,fa%ion gives names to diseases1 & reputation to rem$ies1 #cc4 ,fe>1 ! ag5cy (1 9 increas+ ! effects ( absorption illu/rat$1 #aef4 8,febrifugi ,p]uviani ,v9dici10 by ,/urmius1 #bd 7note74 ,fecula1 orig9al mean+ ( ! t]m1 #ch4 ,fibres1 a due t5sion ( ess5tial to life1 #gh4 ,fleece1 ! ,gold51 a *emical allegory1 #de4 ,fle%1 human1 9 epilepsy1 #af4 ,flood+1 aft] *ild-bir?1 h[ to be treat$1 #hc4 ,flor5t9e ,quack1 illu/rative /ory ( !1 #cd 7note74 ,fl[]s1 ! /rong sc5t (1 affect pregnant wom51 #eh 7note72 ! p]fume (1 :y mo/ s5sible 9 ! ev5+1 #age 7note74 ,fluids ( ! body1 few m$ic9es act ^u !1 #gd4 ,food1 gre5 col\r (1 disgu/+ to "s1 #dc4 ,=dyce1 ,dr4 8 valuable pap] on ! comb9ation ( m$ic9es1 #fd2 8 comb9ation ( ,camboge & ,aloes1 #agc2 8 important views respect+ ! vital en]gies ( ! /oma*1 #aab 7note74 ,=m ( a rem$y1 h[ to imp>t a conv5i5t1 agreeable1 & efficaci\s "o1 #agh4 ,=mula1 a sci5tific "o may conta9 two corrig5ts1 #afb4 ---- ,m$ic9al1 consi/s ( f\r p>ts1 #agh4 ,=mul1 9 illu/ration ( ! subject ( ,m$ic9al ,comb9ation1 #bji4 ,f\rcroy1 ! !ory (1 respect+ aroma1 #aee 7note72 8 me*anical explanation ( ! op]ation ( ,m]cury1 #bb4 ,fox's ,lungs1 a specific = ,a/hma1 & :y1 #be4 ,fritze1 ,pr(essor1 8 rem>ks on ! effects ( a diet ( mucilage1 #hj4 ,g ,galbanum1 its specific control ov] spasm1 #gh4 ,gal5's celebrat$ hypo!sis respect+ ! virtues ( m$ic9es1 #ba4 ,gallic acid /rikes a black col\r ) ! salts ( iron1 #hb4 ,g> fi%1 or sea ne$le1 n poison\s1 #dc4 ,g>lic1 its modus op]&i z an expectorant consid]$1 #ajb4 ,gascoigne's p[d] & ball1 #fc 7note74 ,ga/ric *emi/ry1 its s+ul> p[]s illu/rat$1 #ef2 its laws v imp]fectly und]/ood1 #ahb4 ,gaubius1 8 obs]vation respect+ ! influ5ce ( pulv]ization ^u ! specific effects ( a plant1 #aia4 ,gay-,lussac's op9ion respect+ ! composition ( ,t>t> ,emetic1 #dj4 ,geb]1 ! e>lie/ al*emi/ on record1 #dg4 ,gelat91 sub/itut$ = ,p]uvian b>k1 9 ! cure ( fev]s1 #ef4 ,g5]al ,/imulants1 :at classes are compreh5d$ "u ! head (1 #gf4 ,g]>d1 8 rem>ks on ! ,potatoe1 #ch 7note74 ,gibb]i%1 orig9 & mean+ ( ! t]m1 #dg4 ,g91 od\r (1 detect$ 9 ! bra91 #gg4 ,g9 dr9k]s liable to become fat1 #ada4 ,g+]bread :y less dispos$ to m\ld9ess ?an pla9 bread1 #agg 7note74 ,gladiator1 ! w>m blood (1 9 ,epilepsy1 #af4 ,glaub] recomm5ds ,muriatic ,acid 9 sea scurvy1 #cc2 8 app>atus = di/ill+ acids1 #cc4 ,globules r$1 ( ! blood1 a di/9ct animal pr9ciple1 #bc 7note74 ,glue1 cl>ifi$1 :y sub/itut$ = ,p]uvian b>k 9 ! cure ( fev]s1 #ef4 ,glut51 its proportion 9 :eat v>ies 9 diff]5t climates1 #eh4 ,goat1 ! blood (1 conceit respect+ its li?on?ryptic virtues expla9$1 #dg 7note74 ,gold5 ,fleece ( ! ,argonauts1 a *emical allegory1 #de4 ,gov]n+ ,p[] ( ! /oma*1 mean+ ( ! t]m z employ$ by ,dr4 ,=dyce1 #aab4 ,g\t1 ,portl& p[d] = !1 #cb 7note74 ,graft+1 extraord9>y *anges produc$ by1 #fj4 ,grasses1 co>se texture ( 9 moi/ situations a wise provision1 #hi4 ,greatracks1 ,val5t9e1 wond]ful cures (1 #ag4 ,greek ,physicians1 _! complicat$ prescriptions1 #fc4 ,griffi?'s mixture1 ! suppos$ un*emical nature (1 refut$1 #ee4 ,guaiacum1 h[ x acts 9 excit+ diaphoresis1 #ajj2 loses its anti-ar?ritic virtues by purg+1 #afa4 ,gum1 indige/ible nature ( consid]$1 #hj4 ,h ,ha]lem1 ,bo]haave's treatm5t ( ! epileptics 9 ! poor-h\se at1 #af4 ,hal=d1 ,sir ,h5ry1 8 practice ( comb9+ ,h5bane & ,colocyn? judici\s1 #afa4 ,halitus1 or wat]y vap\rs1 _! uses1 #bjc4 ,halliday1 ,dr4 ( ,mosc[1 8 lett]s to ! au?or on ! subject ( ! ,eau ,m$ic9ale1 #ei4 ,hamilton1 ,dr4 8 valuable rem>ks on purgatives1 #ij2 8 obs]vations respect+ ! "t ( ! day at :i* purgatives %\ld be adm9i/]$ 9 fev]s1 #ahg4 ,h>mattan1 a w9d *>act]is$ by excessive dryness1 opposes ! propagation ( epidemics1 #age 7note74 ,h>rison1 ,dr4 8 attempt to emulate ! effects ( ,b>k1 by m$ic9al comb9ation1 #afg2 ,dr4 ,ri*>d1 8 modification ( ,maj5die's !ory ) reg>d to ! act ( vomit+1 #hd2 8 communications to ! au?or respect+ ! influ5ce ( climate ^u ! efficacy ( m$ic9es1 #ei4 ,heal+ by ! fir/ int5tion1 practice ( sugge/$ by sup]/ition1 #ae4 ,heat de/roys ! virtues ( _m vegetables1 #aia 7note72 its /imulus acts z a diaphoretic1 #ii4 ,heat1 cold1 moi/ure1 & dryness1 ,gal5's notion respect+1 #ba4 ,hellebore us$ z a purge by ,melampus1 #h4 ,heliotrope or blood-/one1 its suppos$ p[]s1 #bf4 ,helvetius's ,/yptic1 ( :at compos$1 #hc 7note72 introduces ,ipecacuan into practice1 #bh4 ,hemlock1 d\btful :e!r ! mod]n plant ( t "n is ! "o us$ at ! ,a!nian executions1 #cg2 its p[]s exagg]at$ by ,/erck1 #ba4 ,hemorrhage1 :y sometimes /opp$ by a nauseat+ m$ic9e1 #fi2 great skill requir$ 9 ! treatm5t (1 #hc4 ,h5bane1 a rem$y = nephritic irritation1 #aff4 ,h5ry ,,iv1 poison$ by m$icat$ gloves1 #abe4 ,h]bage1 less nutritive 9 cold & wet seasons1 #eh4 ,h]ba ,britannica ( ,dioscorides & ,pl9y1 unkn[n1 #cg4 ,h]b5a1 h]bs employ$ 9 ! rites ( sacrifice1 #cg4 ,h]bivor\s quadrup$s1 on ! necessity ( bitt] to1 #gi4 ,h]modactyllus1 suppos$ to be a species ( col*icum1 #cb4 ,h9doo 8ordeal ( rice10 physiologically reasonable1 #aeg 7note74 ,hippocrates1 8 op9ion respect+ ! b5efit to be d]iv$ f emetics1 #hf2 advice to 8 son ,!ssalus1 #aj 7note74 ,hi/orical ,introduction1 #c4 ,h(fman1 8 advice to susp5d ! adm9i/ration ( rem$ies dur+ a protract$ disease1 #aej4 ,hom]'s ,allegory acc\nts = ! plague ( ! ,grecian camp1 #dd 7note47 ,honey ( ,cane1 ! ,arabian title = sug>1 #df4 ,honey1 sup]/iti\s op9ions respect+1 #aa4 ,hop1 ^u :at its sup]iority z an +r$i5t 9 malt liquors dep5ds1 #afg2 ! ,engli%1 :y sup]ior1 z a pres]vative ( be]1 to t ( =eign gr[?1 #afh 7note74 ,hornca/le disp5s>y1 ague cur$ 9 !1 by a comb9ation ( bitt] & a/r+5t roots1 #afg4 ,horse-fle%1 a rem$y 9 epilepsy1 #af4 ,horse !1 :5 debilitat$1 is easily de/roy$ by ,opium1 #fi 7note72 v easily affect$ by diuretics1 & :y1 #ie4 ,hortus ,gram9eus ,woburn5sis1 exp]im5ts ( ,mr4 ,s9clair record$ 9 !1 #gi4 ,human fle% a rem$y 9 epilepsy1 #af4 ,humoral ,a/hma1 ! pa?ology ( exam9$1 #ajd4 ---- ,pa?ology1 its influ5ce ^u m$ical op9ions1 #gd4 ,hunt]1 ,dr4 8 rem>ks on ! vital p[]s ( ! /oma*1 #ef4 ,hut*ison1 ,mr4 ,copl&1 8 op9ion conc]n+ ! comp>ative r>ity ( ,calculus among/ seam51 #aba4 ,huxham1 ! complexity ( 8 prescriptions1 #fd4 ,hydragogues1 ,*olagogues1 c4 op9ion respect+1 #ij4 ---- modus op]&i expla9$1 #ij4 ,hydromancy1 its incid5tal utility1 #ae4 ,hydrophobia1 ! hairs ( ! rabid animal =m]ly suppos$ to be an antidote to1 #bf4 ,hypnotics1 synonym\s ) ,soporifics & ,n>cotics1 #gf4 ,hyoscyamus1 gloomy aspect (1 indicative ( its poison\s qualities1 #db4 ,i ,iatropa ,manihot1 its leaves escul5t1 its root poison\s1 #db4 ,id5tity ( bodies =m]ly consid]$ diff]5t1 e/abli%$ by ,*emi/ry1 #eb4 ,idiosyncrasies1 sev]al rem>kable in/ances ( relat$1 #ahh4 ,incantation1 orig9 ( ! t]m1 #g 7note74 ,inhalations1 an important class ( rem$ies1 #bjb4 ,indian fig1 :5 eat5 r5d]s ! ur9e ( a bloody col\r1 #fh 7note74 ,indians1 ,am]ican1 _! exp$i5t to ret>d ! solution ( tobacco1 #agf4 ,ink1 its m\ld9ess prev5t$ by cloves1 #agg 7note74 ,inoculation 9 ,india1 ,turkey1 & ,wales1 fir/ practis$ f a sup]/iti\s belief1 #ae4 ,insects de/roy$ by vegetable bitt]s1 #ahh 7note74 ,inte/9al absorption susp5d$ by ,ca?>sis1 #ij4 ,int]vals betwe5 ea* dose ( a m$ic9e1 h[ to be regulat$1 #ahh4 ,int]e/+ report f ,mr4 ,dubois1 a ,mission>y 9 ,india1 on ! practice ( vacc9ation1 #ae4 ,introduction1 ,hi/orical1 to ! ,ph>macologia1 #c4 ,intoxicat+ tea ( ! ,sib]ians1 #ei4 ,ipecacuan1 :y a dose ( dim9i%es ! =ce ( ! circulation1 #fi2 h[ x op]ates 9 arre/+ hemorrhage1 #fi4 ,ipecacuan1 a new pr9ciple 7,emeta7 discov]$ 91 #agb2 introduc$ into practice by ,helvetius "u ! patronage ( ,l\is ,,xiv1 #bh4 ,irel&1 its population increas$ by ! introduction ( ,potatoes1 #cj 7note74 ,iron1 its virtues expla9$ ^u me*anical pr9ciples1 #bb2 ru/ (1 a v anci5t rem$y1 #h2 ! sulphate (1 its virtues fir/ describ$ by ,basil ,val5t9e1 #di4 ,is*ia1 ! celebrat$ ba?s 9 ! isl& (1 #ei4 ,issues1 #aaa4 ,j ,jalap1 ! purgative op]ation ( increas$ by ,ipecacuan1 #aec4 ,james ,i1 ,k+1 8 c\nt]-bla/e to tobacco1 #bi4 ,james1 ,dr4 8 fev] p[d] ( ,italian orig91 #cb4 ,j]usalem ,arti*oke1 orig9 ( ! t]m1 #ch4 ,jews1 _! practice ( apply+ a/r+5ts to ! eye-br[s1 #di4 ,john ( ,gaddesd51 8 extraord9>y treatm5t ( ! son ( ,edw>d ! ,fir/1 #bf4 ,johnson1 ,dr4 ,samuel1 8 def9ition ( ,physic1 #d 7note74 ,julius ,cs>1 ! soldi]s (1 cur$ by an unkn[n plant1 #cg4 ,jupit]1 ! a/rological symbol (1 prefix$ to receipts1 #ab4 ---- & ,juno1 by ^: union ! v]nal %[]s 7 said to h be5 produc$1 int]pretation ( ! fable by ,dr4 ,d>w91 #dd4 ,jezebel1 h] cu/om ( pa9t+ ! eye-br[s1 #di4 ,k ,k]mes ,m9]al1 ! secret ( its prep>ation pur*as$ by ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t1 #ea4 ,kidd1 ,dr4 8 reply to ,mr4 ,br&e's *>ge aga9/ ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d1 #ec4 ,kidneys /imulat$ by alkal9e salts1 #ib 7note74 ,k9o & ,calumba1 exp]im5ts respect+ _! op]ation by ,dr4 ,john ,davy1 #afi4 ,knight1 ,&rew1 ,esq4 8 conjecture respect+ ! ,tub]es ( ,pl9y1 #fa4 ,l ,la ,leg]ie communicates ! secret ( ,k]mes ,m9]al to ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t = a sum ( money1 #ea4 ,lacteals1 ! natural s5sibility (1 alt]$ by ,m]cury1 #aeb 7note74 ,lactuca ,sativa1 its s$ative p[]s kn[n to ! anci5ts1 #i4 ,langelott's ,laudanum1 #cb4 ,lapis tites1 or eagle /one1 suppos$ virtues (1 #be4 ,la?yrus ,/ativus1 suppos$ deadly prop]ties ( ! se$s (1 #da4 ,lav5d]1 ! od\r ( increas$ by ,musk1 #aee 7note74 ,laudanum ,cydoniatum ( ,van ,helmont1 #cb4 ,laurel wat] us$ by ! ,dut* 9 consumptions1 #cb4 ,laxatives & ,purgatives1 di/9ction betwe51 #hi4 ,lead1 ! ,acetate (1 r5d]$ inefficaci\s by conjunction ) ,sulphuric salts1 #aha4 ,lectures deliv]$ be=e ! ,royal ,college ( ,physicians1 #a4 ,lectures1 ,*emical1 high importance ( ^? deliv]$ at ,cambridge1 #ed4 ,legum9\s plants1 ,l9nu's obs]vation ^u1 #da4 ,lemnos1 celebrat$ e>? (1 describ$ by ,gal51 #ab4 ,lemon1 its diff]5t p>ts possess diff]5t virtues1 #db4 ,l5tor & viscidity ( ! blood1 a suppos$ cause ( disease1 #bb4 ,lettuce1 x soporific p[]s recomm5d$ by ,gal51 #i4 ,leopold1 ,ar*duke ( ,au/ria1 ! failure ( ! b>k 9 ! cure (1 #ca4 ,leyd51 memorable fev] (1 a lam5table illu/ration ( ultra-*emical doctr9es1 #bc4 ,libavius1 8 op9ion ( ,p>acelsus1 #ej4 ,li*5 ,isl&icus1 its bitt]ness useful1 #hj4 ,lime/one1 ! op]ation ( burn+ to quick-lime accel]at$ by a moi/ atmosph]e1 #agf 7note74 ,lime wat]1 its li?on?ryptic ag5cy consid]$1 #abc4 ,l9nu1 8 sy/em corresponds 9 a surpris+ mann] ) ! natural prop]ties ( plants1 #db4 ----1 ,ray1 & ,virey1 _! obs]vation respect+ ! influ5ce ( pulv]ization ^u ! m$ic9al activity ( a plant1 #agd4 ,l9se$1 mis*iev\s t5d5cy (1 :5 us$ z a sole article ( diet1 #hj4 ,li?ate ( ,ammonia con/antly pres5t 9 ur9e1 #aag4 ,li?ic acid1 ,maj5die's !ory respect+ ! =mation (1 #aag2 g5]at$ by ! action ( ! kidneys1 & con/antly pres5t 9 heal?y ur9e1 #aag4 ---- ---- ,dia!sis1 ,dr4 ,philip's views respect+ !1 #aba4 ,li?on?ryptics1 ! great advantage ( comb9+ !m ) ,opium 9 cases ( calcul\s irritation1 #aff4 ,li?on?ryptic p[]s ( ,galvanic ,electricity1 #abd4 ,liv+ fibre1 m$ic9es act ^u !1 #ge4 ,liquorice1 :y objectionable z an envelope ( pills1 #if 7note74 ,liquor ,ammoni ,acetatis1 :y decompos$ by ,magnesia1 #ahc4 ,local /imulants1 #hc2 mean+ ( ! t]m1 #hc4 ,london ,college ( ,physicians1 _! fir/ ,ph>macopia1 #eb 7note74 ,lotions1 ,embrocations1 ,l9im5ts1 ,fom5tations1 ,collyria1 c41 #bjd4 ,l\is ,,xiv introduc$ ! potatoe into g5]al cultivation1 #cj4 ,lurid1 ! d>k & gloomy aspect ( !1 indicates _! poison\s prop]ties1 #db4 ,lymphatics1 m$ic9es ent] ! circulation ?r\gh !1 #gj4 ,m ,macbride1 ,dr4 8 unsuccessful attempt to improve ! art ( tann+ by ! introduction ( lime-wat]1 af=ds an important lesson to ! ,ph>maceuti/1 #ahb 7note74 ,macc>oni ( ,italy1 :y s sup]ior to t made 9 o!r c\ntries1 #eh4 ,mac,culloch1 ,dr4 8 obs]vations ^u ! effects ( ,p]fumes 9 prev5t+ m\ld9ess1 #agg2 on ! sweetness ( pure & impure sug>1 #aed4 ,mace & ,nutmeg ( ,arabian orig91 #df4 ,mac]'s ,h]bal ab\nds ) ! sup]/itions ( ! middle ages1 #ab4 ,macleod1 ,dr4 8 obs]vation respect+ ! ,sialogogue p[] ( ,hydro-cyanic acid1 #ajh4 ,magi/ral ,=mul1 ! nature & necessity (1 #ahj4 ,magi/]ium ( ,ludovicus1 a prep>ation ( ,opium1 #cb4 ,maglia1 ! "n giv5 to ! wild potatoe by ! ,indians1 #hj 7note74 ,magnesia1 its use 9 mitigat+ ! sev]ity ( ,col*icum expla9$1 #afb4 ----1 ! c>bonate (1 propos$ by ,mr4 ,hat*ett z a rem$y 9 ! ,li?ic dia!sis1 #abc4 ,magn5us1 8 signature ( ,tobacco1 #be4 ,magnes ,ars5icalis1 ,=mula =1 by ,angelus ,sala1 #bf4 ,magnet1 its use z an antidote to iron1 #bd2 =m]ly ent]$ into ! composition ( c]ta9 ,plai/]s1 #bd 7note74 ,,mah-,,ry ,,umma1 a mis*iev\s deity1 suppos$ by ! ,indians to occasion ! natural small-pox1 #ae4 ,maj5die1 8 important views ^u ! me*anism ( absorption1 #hg 7note72 8 views respect+ vomit+1 #hd4 ,male ,f]n1 its an!lm9tic prop]ties kn[n to ,gal51 #ca2 retail$ z a secret no/rum 9 ,france1 ! secret ( :i* 0 kn[n to ,l\is ,,xv1 #ca4 ,malt ,liquors1 ! utility ( ! bitt] 91 #gi4 ,manna1 ( ,arabian orig91 #df4 ,manufactur+ ,*emi/s1 ! errors daily committ$ by1 #aed 7note74 ,m>cellus kill$ by ! cold ba?1 #ca4 ,m>cet1 ,dr4 8 views respect+ ! treatm5t ( calculus1 #aae4 ,m>%es1 animals 9 !1 def5d$ f disease by ! +e/ion ( bitt] plants1 #hj4 ,ma/icatories1 or acrid ,sialogogues1 ! nature & op]ation ( consid]$1 #ajf4 ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 its e>ly hi/ory involv$ 9 fable1 #g2 its progressive improvem5ts sl[ & unequal1 #d2 compos$ ( a motley gr\p ( sub/ances1 #c2 h[ its progress has be5 influ5c$1 by caprice1 prejudice1 sup]/ition & knav]y1 #d2 ! arrangem5t ( by ,cull51 ,murray1 & ,"y1 #gb4 ,may ,apple1 its diff]5t p>ts possess diff]5t virtues1 #db4 ,may]ne1 ,sir ,!odore1 absurd & disgu/+ rem$ies (1 #ac4 ,mead1 ,dr4 recomm5d$ ,melampodium z an ,emm5agogue1 #ia 7note72 8 practice ( comb9+ alkalies ) opium judici\s1 #afa2 8 op9ion conc]n+ ! nature ( ! ,a!nian poison1 #cg 7note74 ,me*anical deposites f ! ur9e divisible into ?ree classes1 #aah2 me*anical rem$ies1 consid]ations respect+1 #ach2 me*anical action ( c]ta9 expectorants1 #aje2 me*anical purgatives1 #hi2 me*anical !ory1 "s acc\nt ( !1 #bb4 ,m$ical ,bo>ds ( ! pres5t day1 #bj4 ,m$ic9al ,sub/ances1 c]ta9 ones ent] ! circulation1 #fh2 ,comb9ation1 ! ext5t ( limit$ by sev]al circum/ances1 #adi2 m$ic9al prescription1 its p]fection def9$ 9 ?ree words1 #agh2 simil>ity1 conv5tional acceptation ( ! t]m1 #ach2 incompatibility1 mean+ ( ! t]m1 #gj2 m$ic9al bodies1 on ! op]ation (1 #fg2 def9ition (1 #fg2 m$ic9al comb9ation1 on ! !ory & art (1 #ade4 ,m$ic9es correct$ 9 _! op]ation by me*anically sep>at+1 or *emically neutraliz+ ! (f5d+ +r$i5t1 #afj2 by add+ to !m "s sub/ance capable ( gu>d+ ! /oma*1 or sy/em1 aga9/ _! delet]i\s effects1 #afa2 _! effects modifi$ by ! age ( ! pati5t1 & v>i\s o!r circum/ances1 #ahf2 sub/itut$ = ea* o!r1 v42 c>d9al virtues (1 accord+ to ,gal51 #ba2 calculat$ to produce ! same ultimate result1 by diff]5t modes ( op]ation1 may be comb9$1 #afc2 _! op]ations modifi$ by ! /ate ( vital susceptibility ( ! pati5t1 #e2 are frequ5tly b relative ag5ts1 #fg2 may act ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( ! n]ves1 #gj2 convey$ to di/ant p>ts ( ! body by absorption1 #f2 ! ignorant prep>ation (1 #fa2 _! fraudul5t adult]ation1 #fa2 diff] only f poisons 9 _! dose1 #ahd4 ,melampodium recomm5d$ z an emm5agogue by ,dr4 ,mead1 #ia 7note74 ,melampus ( ,argos adm9i/]$ ru/ ( iron1 #h4 ,m5yan!s ,trifoliata1 a cure = ! rot 9 %eep1 #hj 7note74 ,m]curial salivation kn[n 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 #di4 ---- o9tm5t1 a true *emical comp\nd1 #agj4 ,m]cury1 ! only con/itutional sialogogue1 #ajf2 its op]ation z a sialogogue attempt$ to be expla9$1 #ajg2 suppos$ to act f its weight1 #ajg2 its p[] ( ent]+ ! lacteals1 #fh2 its efficacy increas$ by antimony & opium1 #aeb2 a case :]e9 its effects 7 sudd5ly develop$ by fe>1 #aef2 a p[]ful /imulant1 #aee 7note74 ,m]riman1 ,dr4 an int]e/+ case1 9 illu/ration ( ! influ5ce ( ! m9d ^u ! dige/ive organs1 communicat$ by him to ! au?or1 #aeh4 ,m]ry ,&rews1 _! orig91 #cc 7note74 ,metals1 a qu]y respect+ _! peculi> smell1 #aee 7note72 :y nam$ aft] ! planets1 #ab2 all ( !m in]t unless 9 a /ate ( comb9ation1 #agj4 ,me?odic ,sect1 f\nd$ by ,!mison1 #bb4 ,miracul\s gift attribut$ by ,h]odotus to ! ,prie/esses ( ,hel51 expla9$1 #ah4 ,missletoe1 ,druidical sup]/itions respect+ !1 #aa 7note74 ,mi/ura ,f]ri composita1 composition (1 #ee4 ,mi/ur1 ,mixtures1 g5]al rules to be obs]v$ 9 select+ & prescrib+ ?is =m ( m$ic9e1 #aii4 ,mi?ridate1 its hi/ory & composition1 #bg 7note74 ,m9]1 aft] inanition1 kill$ by /imulants1 #f 7note74 ,m9]al wat]s1 ! virtues ( discov]$ by ,hydromancy1 #ae2 sometimes prove diuretic1 ! reasons :y1 & h[ prev5t$1 #ie 7note74 ,m9]al ,acids1 fir/ describ$ by ,avic5na1 #dh4 ,milman1 ,sir ,francis1 8 valuable rem>ks on ! importance ( dilu5ts 9 dropsy1 #age4 ,miln]1 ,dr4 8 syn!tic pro( ( ! composition ( nitr\s acid1 #ed 7note74 ,mixture & ,*emical ,comb9ation1 an ess5tial di/9ction betwe51 #agj4 ,modus ,op]&i ( ,m$ic9es1 a new classification 9 illu/ration ( !1 #gj4 ,moi/ure & ,dryness1 its effects ^u vegetable productions1 #eh4 ,molasses1 :y sweet] ?an pure sug>1 #aed4 ,mol9a1 8 obs]vations on ! potatoe1 #hj 7note74 ,mon>des1 8 belief 9 ! efficacy ( ! ,bezo> expla9$1 #fc4 ,morley's rem$ies = ,scr(ula1 #ag4 ,morphia1 a new pr9ciple develop$ f opium1 #agb4 ,morton's ,pyretologia conta9s an acc\nt ( ,oliv] ,cromwell's dea?1 #bd4 ,m\ld9ess prev5t$ by ,p]fumes1 #agg4 ,m\nta9 ,a%1 an object ( ,druidical v5]ation1 #ad4 ,mulb]ry1 conta9s two col\r+ pr9ciples1 #dd4 ,muriatic ,acid recomm5d$ by ,glaub] 9 sea scurvy1 #cc4 ,murray1 pr9ciples ( arrangem5t adopt$ 9 8 ,app>atus ,m$icam9um1 #da 7note74 ,murray's arrangem5t ( ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 #gd4 ,music1 an anci5t rem$y1 #g 7note74 ,musk1 ( ,arabian orig91 #df2 its specific contr\l ov] spasm1 #gh2 ! od\r ( increas$ by exposure to ! atmosph]e ( privies1 #aee 7note74 ,mu/acea ( ! ,romans gave orig9 to ! mod]n bride-cake1 #adh 7note74 ,mu/>d1 ! unbruis$ se$s ( comm5d$ by ,dr4 ,mead 9 ascites1 #ahd4 ,my?ological ,fables1 antiquity ( *emi/ry d$uc$ f !1 #dd4 ,n ,naples1 exp]im5ts at1 ) ,hyoscyamus1 #ei4 ,n>cotics1 synonym\s ) ,s$atives1 ,hypnotics1 & ,soporifics1 #gf2 assume ! "* ( ,a/r+5ts1 #hb2 _! op]ation increases vascul> action1 #gf2 _! sup]ior efficacy 9 ,italy1 #ei2 h[ !y diff] f ord9>y /imulants1 #gf2 ,cull5's !ory respect+1 #gf2 _! /imulant op]ation d5i$1 #gf4 ,n>cotico-acrid ,poisons1 #abh2 an ill-def9$ class1 #abi4 ,n>cotic ,poisons1 #abh4 ,n>cotic od\r1 a di/9ct indication1 #db4 ,natural ,comp\nds1 may be reg>d$ z ! prescriptions ( ,nature1 #ade4 ,natural ,family ( ,plants1 (t5 conta9 species ( v diff]5t m$ic9al virtues1 #da4 ,nausea1 orig9 & cause (1 #he4 ,nauseat+ ,emetics1 :y to be avoid$ 9 c]ta9 cases ( poison+1 #acd2 :y !y prove diaphoretic1 #hg2 doses ( antimony increase ! effects ( m]cury1 #aeb4 ,nause\s rem$ies suppos$ to exp$ite deliv]y1 #af 7note74 ,necklace ( ,pony1 = ! cure ( epilepsy1 #ag4 ,ne*epsus1 8 amulet = ! /oma*1 #g4 ,nep5! ( ,hel5 0 probably opium1 #h4 ,n]ves1 ! m$ia ?r\gh :i* c]ta9 m$ic9es act ^u ! body1 #gj4 ,ne/or's ,cataplasm1 #i4 ,new arrangem5t ( diuretic m$ic9es1 #ib4 ,nicolaus1 8 p[d] = ! /one1 #dg 7note74 ,nico/ratus1 ,*olical antidote (1 #ai4 ,nitrate ( ,silv]1 its successful effect 9 ,epilepsy1 #ei2 its bitt]ness connect$ ) its virtues1 #hj2 r5d]$ in]t by muriatic salts1 #age4 ,nitric acid1 its p[] ( produc+ ptyalism d5i$1 #ajh4 ,nom5clature m$ical1 re=m$ by ,botany & ,*emi/ry1 #ci4 ,no/rum1 ,def9ition & mean+ ( ! t]m1 #ai 7note74 ,no/rums1 a multitude ( collect$ by tius1 #ai4 ,n\ffleur1 ,madame1 h] receipt1 #ca4 ,nuremburg1 ! fir/ ,ph>macopia publi%$ at1 #eb 7note74 ,nutmeg corrects ! op]ation ( alum1 #afa4 ,nutmeg & ,mace ( ,arabian orig91 #df4 ,nutrim5t1 defici5cy ( 9 plants1 h[ comp5sat$ = by nature1 #eh4 ,nutritive1 & ,m$ic9al p[]s ( plants (t5 oppos$ to ea* o!r1 #eh4 ,o ,objections to ,cull5's arrangem5t ( m$ic9es1 ( a fatal nature1 #gd4 ,obs]vation1 analogy & exp]im5t1 =m ! only true basis ( rese>*1 #e2 ,pr(essor ,leslie's def9ition (1 #e 7note74 ,ob/acles to ! progress ( ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 #f4 ,(fic9al prep>ations1 ! nature & necessity (1 #ahj4 ,old m51 ! humid c\ghs (1 cur$ by ,sulphate ( z9c1 #ajd4 ,oliv] ,cromwell fell a victim to an int]mitt5t1 #bd4 ,op]ation ( m$ic9al bodies1 on !1 #fg4 ,op]ation ( two m$ic9es 9 "o =mula1 #afc4 ,opiologia ( ,w$elius conta9s _m =mul :i* h be5 p]v]t$ to empirical uses1 #cb4 ,opium1 rem>ks ^u ! be/ mode ( correct+ its op]ation1 & obviat+ its delet]i\s effects1 #acf2 has ext5sive p[]s z a ,corrig5t1 #acg2 :e!r absorb$ into ! circulation1 #gg2 mod]n prep>ations ( d]iv$ f anci5t receipts1 #cb2 primitive import ( ! t]m1 #cg2 its p[]s v>y ) ! climate1 #eh2 kn[n 9 e>ly ages1 #h2 /imulat+ effects (1 #gg2 ,gal5's hypo!sis conc]n+1 #bb4 ,opor9us1 8 op9ion ( 8 ma/] ,p>acelsus1 #ej4 ,orange1 ! ,pr9ce (1 8 success 9 cur+ an ,epidemic at ,br$a1 #af4 ,oribasius1 8 j notions respect+ m$ic9al comb9ation1 #fc4 ,ord]1 a g5]al rule = t ( ! +r$i5ts ( a m$ic9al =mula1 #agi4 ,orig9 ( ,amulets ( v anci5t date1 #g4 ,organs ( s5se1 s5sibility (1 *ang$ by artificial habits & cultivation1 #dc4 ---- ( ! body1 h[ excit$ into action by ! adm9i/ration ( p>ticul> rem$ies1 #gj4 ,oswald ,crollius1 fir/ m5tions calomel1 #ea4 ,o?o ,ta*5ius1 embrac$ ! doctr9es ( ,van ,helmont1 #ej4 ,oxyg51 h[ f> x may be consid]$ ! s\rce ( animal heat1 #aad4 ,oy/]s1 ! gre5 col\r (1 expla9$1 #dd 7note74 ,p ,paley's rem>k on ! influ5ce ( habit1 #bg4 ,panacea ,glaub]iana1 ! secret ( its prep>ation pur*as$ by ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t1 #ea4 ,p>acelsus1 "s acc\nt ( 8 "* & doctr9es1 #di2 8 false reason+1 #ej 7note74 ,p>is1 ,supreme ,c\ncil (1 proscribe antimonial rem$ies1 #ea4 ,p>ticul> =ms ( rem$ies1 & ! g5]al pr9ciples ^u :i* !y %\ld be con/ruct$1 #aij4 ,passive hemorrhage1 to be treat$ by a comb9ation ( a/r+5ts & tonics1 #afe4 ,pea*1 its delet]i\s prop]ties1 :5 fir/ introduc$ into ! ,roman empire f ,p]sia1 expla9$1 #fa2 its k]nel1 ! suppos$ efficacy (1 #fa4 ,pe>l1 comp\nd p[d]s (1 #bb4 ,p]cival1 ,dr4 ! judici\s obs]vations ( respect+ diet1 comm5d$1 #aeg4 ,p]fumes1 _! extraord9>y effects at ,rome1 #eh2 vegetable1 ,savages ins5sible (1 #dc2 prev5t m\ld9ess1 #agg4 ,p]icles pron\nc$ insane = we>+ an amulet1 #g4 ,p]uvian ,b>k1 prejudices respect+1 #bd2 ! adult]ation ( br\ght x into discr$it1 #fa4 ,pe/il5ce at ,rome1 sup]/iti\s c]emony dur+ !1 #af4 ,pet] ,"l1 8 exposition ( 8 fa!r's w1 #cc4 ,petiv]1 ! m$ico-botanical rese>*es (1 #da 7note74 ,petro de ,mah>nc\rt1 an inv5tor ( ! suppos$ ,univ]sal ,elixir1 #dh4 ,ph>macopia1 h[ its import diff]s f t ( ,ph>macologia1 ii2 orig9al in/itution (1 #eb 7note72 :y an object ( abuse1 #ec4 ,philippic ( ,*ifletius aga9/ ! ,p]uvian ,b>k1 #ca4 ,phillips1 ,mr4 8 attack ^u ! ,london ,ph>macopia notic$1 #ed4 ,philosoph]'s ,/one1 ,arabian conceit respect+ !1 #df4 ,philosophy ( ,hi/ory1 def9ition ( ! t]m1 #d4 ,phosphoric ,salts1 ! orig9 & hi/ory (1 z !y occur 9 ur9e1 #aah4 ,physiognomy ,botanical1 its utility1 #db4 ,pills conta9+ calomel1 %\ld n be envelop$ 9 magnesia1 & :y1 #aif4 ,pilul e ,/yrace ( ! ,dubl9 ,college1 a v sci5tific comb9ation1 #aid4 ,pilul1 rules respect+ _! =mation into masses1 #aid4 ,pim5to1 ! b]ries (1 lose _! aromatic w>m? 9 com+ to maturity1 #fb4 ,p9k & ,lat]iti\s s$im5ts 9 ur9e1 ,dr4 ,pr\t's op9ion respect+ ! nature (1 #aag 7note74 ,plague ( ,london1 sup]/iti\s belief respect+ ! orig9 ( !1 #aj 7note72 9 ,egypt1 mo/ common aft] ! inundation ( ! ,nile1 #age 7note74 ,plai/] conta9+ soap & muriate ( ammonia1 ! *emical !ory ( its op]ation consid]$1 #aga4 ,planet>y influ5ce on ! virtues ( plants1 #aa4 ,plants m$ic9al1 influ5c$ by soil1 culture1 climate1 & season1 #eg2 ! s5sible prop]ties (1 h a relation to _! m$ic9al prop]ties1 #da2 ! virtues (1 discov]able by botanical *>act]s1 #da4 ,pl9y1 8 aphorism respect+ poisons p>aphras$ by ,l9nu1 #ahd4 ,plum1 ! cultivat$ (fspr+ ( ! sloe1 #fa4 ,plumbum1 a g5]ic t]m among ! anci5ts1 #dh4 ,podalirius employ$ v5esection1 #h4 ,podophyllum ,peltatum1 ! diff]5t p>ts ( possess diff]5t virtues1 #db4 ,poculum ,abs9?iatum1 its suppos$ antidotal p[]s1 #gi4 ,poisons secret & sl[1 #abe2 absurd notion respect+ _! possess+ a mutual attraction = ea* o!r1 #bf2 diff] ess5tially f ea* o!r1 #abg2 ! classification (1 accord+ to _! physiological action attempt$1 #aca2 a belief 9 ! me*anical op]ation (1 n f\nd$ 9 tru?1 #abf2 h ev] be5 ! objects ( extravagant cr$ulity1 #abe4 ,poison+1 9 cases (1 !re are ?ree important indications ( cure1 #acd4 ,poit\1 colic (1 suppos$ to h aris5 f ! appe>ance ( a new />1 #aj 7note74 ,poly-ph>macy ( our pr$ecessors1 ! influ5ce ( !1 on ! practition]s ( ! pres5t day1 #fd2 ( anci5t physicians1 ! mis*iev\s influ5ce (1 ^u mod]n practice1 #fd4 ,pope ,innoc5t ! ,t5? c\nt5ances ! use ( ! b>k1 #ca4 ,pope ,clem5t ,,vii4 poison$ by fumes ( a tap]1 #abf 7note74 ,poppies suppos$ to relieve ! head1 & :y1 #be4 ,pors5na's /ipulation ) ! ,romans n to employ iron1 except 9 agriculture1 ! reason (1 #bd4 ,portl&1 ,duke (1 8 p[d] = ! g\t1 #cb4 ,potatoe1 ! wild p>5t ( !1 f\nd at ,monte ,video1 #hj 7note72 loses its bitt]ness by cultivation1 #gi2 its v>i\s useful applications enum]at$1 #cj2 m5tion$ by ,g]>d1 #ch 7note72 extraord9>y & romantic hi/ory ( !1 #cj2 introduc$ into fav\r by ,l\is ,,xiv4 #cj2 orig9 ( ! "n1 #ch2 ! effect ( its introduction into ,irel&1 #cj 7note74 ,potassium1 curi\s anecdote connect$ ) ! discov]y (1 #dc 7note74 ,p\ltice1 ,yea/1 its modus op]&i expla9$1 #aga4 ,p[d] ( ,nicolaus1 #dg 7note74 ,p[d]s1 individually dry1 become liquid by be+ rubb$ toge!r1 #aib4 ,p[d]s1 ,comp\nd1 canons respect+1 #aia4 ,p[ell1 ,dr4 8 obs]vations ^u comp\nd m$ic9es1 #fd4 ,practice ( ,physic1 p]v]t$ by sup]/ition1 #aj4 ,preci\s ,/ones1 an ,arabian sup]/ition respect+1 #aj2 _! introduction into m$ic9e1 #aj4 ,prescriptions anci5t1 _! complicat$ nature1 #fc4 ,prescrib+1 on ! !ory & art (1 #adc4 ,prescott1 ,miss1 p]sons ( ! fir/ respectability became ! dupes (1 #ac4 ,prevo/ & ,dumas1 _! exp]im5ts ^u ! effects ( ,electricity on ,calculi1 #abd4 ,prie/s ( ! ,am]ican ,indians intoxicat$ by tobacco1 #i4 ,prie/s ( ,esculapius1 artifices ( !1 #h 7note74 ,prie/hood1 ,pagan1 addict$ to ! use ( n>cotics1 #i2 _! *>act]i/ic cunn+1 #ah4 ,prim>y op]ation ( a rem$y1 mean+ ( ! t]m1 #fh4 ,pr+le1 ,sir ,john1 8 exp]im5ts on ! effects ( salt1 :5 us$ 9 diff]5t quantities1 #ahe2 8 op9ion respect+ ! comb9ation ( alkalies & bitt]s1 #aec4 ,pros]p9e1 ! fable (1 a *emical allegory1 #da4 ,proteus1 ! fable (1 an allegory1 #de4 ,pr\t1 ,dr4 8 valuable rese>*es into ! hi/ory ( ,gravel & ,calculus1 #aae4 ,prussic ,acid1 propos$ by ,maj5die = ! cure ( ph?isis1 #cb4 ,ptyalism excit$ by m]cury1 & hydro-cyanic acid1 #ajg-h4 ,pulmon>y exhalation1 h[ modifi$ by c]ta9 expectorants1 #ajc4 ,pulv]es1 g5]al pr9ciples = _! adm9i/ration1 #aij4 ,pulv]ization1 h[ x assi/s ! op]ation ( a m$ic9al sub/ance1 #aij4 ,pulvis ,helvetii1 philosophy ( its comb9ation1 #aib4 ,pulvis ipecacuanh ,compositus1 ! op]ation ( x af=ds a /rik+ illu/ration ( ! advantages ( m$ic9al comb9ation1 #afh4 ,purgatives diff] ess5tially f ea* o!r1 #hi2 comb9$ ) antispasmodics1 #afd2 to be consid]$ z ,absolute ,ag5ts1 #fh2 _! effects increas+ ! action ( v>i\s m$ic9es1 #aef2 _! sev]al modes ( op]ation expla9$ by ,"l ,bacon1 #db 7note72 may act by ?ree diff]5t modes1 #ib2 act z ,emm5agogues1 #ib2 comb9$ ) tonics1 #afd2 comb9$ ) m]curial alt]atives1 #afd4 ,purgatives & ,laxatives1 ess5tial diff]5ce betwe51 #hh4 ,purpuric ,acid1 a curi\s modification ( ! ,li?ic1 discov]$ by ,dr4 ,pr\t1 #aag4 ,putrid exhalations recognis$ by ! ,savage at a consid]able di/ance1 #dc4 ,pyramus & ,?isbe1 ! fable (1 curi\sly illu/rat$ by a late *emical discov]y1 #dd4 ,pyretologia ( ,morton1 acc\nt ( ,cromwell's dea? 91 #bd4 ,q ,quack]y c\nt5anc$ by ! memb] = ,cov5try1 #cc 7note74 ,quadrup$s ,h]bivor\s1 require bitt] food1 #gi4 ,qualities ,c>d9al1 :i* di/+ui% all bodies1 #ba4 ,r ,ra*itis1 a disease ( ! assimilative functions1 #aah 7note74 ,rabbit1 its insusceptibility ( ! p[]s ( opium expla9$1 #fi 7note74 ,raleigh1 ,sir ,walt]1 said to h introduc$ smoak+ tobacco1 #bi 7note47 ,rant+ ,pet]s1 a new "n = ,m]ry ,&rews1 #cc 7note74 ,rape ,oil1 its propos$ improvem5t by ,rozi]1 #eg4 ,rawleigh's ,confection & ,pe>l ,cordial1 #cc4 ,ray1 8 attempt to enum]ate ! virtues ( plants f exp]i5ce1 completely fail$1 #f4 ,ray1 ,l9nu1 & ,virey1 ! obs]vation (1 respect+ ! influ5ce ( pulv]ization ^u ! m$ic9al activity ( plants1 #agd4 ,recipe1 a/rological orig9 ( ! symbol t is prefix$ to prescriptions1 #ab4 ,refrig]ants1 def9ition (1 #aac2 ! +5i\s *emical !ory propos$ = expla9+ _! effects1 #aac4 ,relative & ,absolute rem$ies1 mean+ ( ! t]ms1 #fh4 ,relax+ & ,brac+1 import ( ! t]ms z appli$ to ,m$ic9es1 #bb4 ,religi\s ,c]emonials (t5 int5d$ to pres]ve useful cu/oms1 #ah4 ,rem$ies1 ! imm$iate impression ( on ! body1 #fh2 ( a disgu/+ nature1 h[ !y may op]ate1 #af2 nature ( _m anci5t ones n[ unkn[n1 #h2 h[ class$ by ! ,me?odic ,sect1 #bb2 discov]$ by accid5t1 #h2 ^? t act me*anically consid]$1 #ach2 ^? ( ext]nal application1 #bjc4 ,rem$y1 h[ to obta9 by comb9ation a new & active "o1 n af=d$ by any s+le sub/ance1 #afh4 ,res9\s ,purgatives1 :y apt to gripe1 & h[ to be correct$1 #agc4 ,review]s1 _! unwor?y flatt]y1 #bj 7note74 ,review1 a respectable m$ical "o mu* want$1 #ba 7note74 ,revolutions ( ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 prom95t causes ( !1 #i4 ,revolution>y hi/ory ( ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 #c4 ,rhases & ,avic5na 7 ! fir/ to introduce ph>maceutical prep>ations1 #dg4 ,rhodod5dron1 ! prop]ties ( liable to v>y ) ! soil1 #eg2 its efficacy 9 ,russia1 #ei4 ,rhub>b1 ( ,arabian orig91 #df2 its effects ^u ! ur9e :5 int]nally adm9i/]$1 #fh 7note72 its wat]y infusion r5d]$ purgative by ! addition ( ,calumba1 #aed2 comb9es )9 itself ! d\ble prop]ty ( a purgative & a/r+5t1 #afh4 ,ricotia gyptiaca1 h[ made to fl[]1 #eg4 ,roa/$ ,swall[1 its efficacy believ$ by ,vogel1 #f4 ,roa/$ ,toad1 its p[]s z a rem$y 9 ,g\t1 believ$ by ,vogel1 #f2 a receipt = ! prep>ation (1 #f 7note74 ,rog] ,bacon1 excommunicat$ & imprison$ by ! ,pope = wit*craft1 #dh4 ----1 ! fa!r ( ,*emi/ry 9 ,engl&1 #dh4 ,roman cu/om ( erect+ alt>s ne> ! dead body1 #ah4 ,rome1 extraord9>y effects ( p]fumes at1 #eh4 ,rose ,beads1 or ,rose ,pe>ls1 f ,turkey1 import$ into ,europe ?r\gh ,au/ria--nature ( _! composition1 #aif 7note74 ,rot 9 ,%eep1 cur$ by ! ,m5yan!s ,trifoliata1 #hj 7note74 ,r\sseau's obs]vation respect+ ,scepticism1 #ba4 ,r\t9e1 a devotion to1 ! great bane ( philosophy1 #bg4 ,royal t\*1 cures p]=m$ by1 #af4 ,rozi]1 8 proposal = ! improvem5t ( ,rape ,oil1 #eg4 ,rubefaci5ts1 9 :at !y diff] f bli/]s1 #aji4 ,ru/ ( ! ,spe> ( ,telephus1 a cure = ! w\nds x inflict$1 #ae4 ,russia ,lea!r1 :y n subject to m\ld9ess1 #agg 7note74 ,s ,sal9e ,ca?>tics1 a mixture (1 m efficaci\s ?an an equival5t dose ( any s+le "o1 #agc2 increas$ 9 =ce by c>bonic acid1 #aeh2 ,salts1 ! prop] /imuli ( ! ur9>y organs1 #ic 7note72 ,sal9e bodies into :i* vegetable acids ent]1 are decompos$ 9 transitu1 :5 tak5 int]nally1 #id4 ,saliva1 its secretion influ5c$ by passions ( ! m9d1 #aeh 7note74 ,salivation by ,m]cury1 :y att5d$ ) a ftid brea?1 #aeb 7note72 kn[n 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 #di4 ,saltness1 ,gal5's notions respect+ ! cause (1 #ba4 ,salts1 ,alkal9e1 :5 tak5 may be detect$ 9 ! ur9e1 #fh4 ,salt1 ,cul9>y1 op]ates v diff]5tly 9 diff]5t quantities1 #ahe4 ,salts1 c]ta9 ( !m pass into ! circulation1 & und]go decomposition 9 transitu1 #id4 ,s&y soil1 /rongly smell+ plants become inodor\s 9 a1 #eg4 ,s>ac5s1 _! treaty ) ! ,greek ,emp]ors1 respect+ ! lit]>y works ( ! anci5ts1 #df 7note74 ,scammonia ,convolvulus1 ! root alone conta9s any virtue1 #db4 ,scepticism1 mis*iev\s t5d5cy (1 9 physic1 #ba2 def9ition ( ! ^w1 #bj4 ,s*ro$]1 8 *emico-m$ical ,ph>macopia1 #if 7note74 ,scribonius ,l>gus1 8 writ+s af=d ample evid5ce ( ! empirical _s ( ^? days1 #bj4 ,sea ,ne$le1 ! gre5 bones (1 n poison\s1 #dc4 ,seam51 ! extraord9>y immunity ( f calcul\s disord]s1 #aba4 ,season1 ! influ5ce ( ^u m$ic9al plants1 #eg4 ,second>y op]ation ( a rem$y1 mean+ ( ! t]m1 #fh4 ---- ,diuresis to be di/+ui%$ f ! result ( a prim>y action on ! kidneys1 #ie 7note74 ,s$atives1 mean+ ( ! t]m1 #gf4 ,s$5t>y p]sons1 _! mi/ak5 notions respect+ diet & ex]cise1 #aei4 ,s$im5ts ( heal?1 mean+ ( ! expression1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,pr\t1 #aah4 ,se$s1 hot & cold1 orig9 ( ! epi!ts1 #bb4 ,segu91 ! exp]im5ts (1 relative to ! a/r+5t pr9ciple ( vegetables1 #aec2 8 curi\s error respect+ ! tonic pr9ciple ( ,p]uvian b>k1 #ef4 ,s5na1 :y apt to gripe1 #agc2 its composition *ang$ by transplantation1 #aec2 ( ,arabian orig91 #df2 und]goes a rem>kable *ange by transplantation into ! s\? ( ,france1 #aec2 its fruit & pods conta9 no bitt]1 #aec4 ,s5n]tus1 8 int]e/+ hi/ory ( surgical sup]/itions1 #ag 7note74 ,septic poisons1 species ( enum]at$1 #abh4 ,setons1 ! modus op]&i1 #aaa4 ,%eep die1 if depriv$ ( bitt] food1 #gi4 ,sialogogues1 def9ition (1 #ajf2 compreh5d two ord]s ( m$ic9es1 #ajf4 ,sib]ians1 _! rem$ies = rheumatism1 #fj4 ,signatures1 ! doctr9e (1 #bd4 ,simil>ity1 z appli$ to m$ic9al op]ation1 conv5tional mean+ ( ! t]m1 #aej--gj--adg 7note74 ,simons1 ,william1 ,esq4 8 laudable zeal 9 improv+ ! ph>maceutic ma*9]y at ,apo!c>ies' ,hall1 #eb 7note74 ,simple & liv+ solids1 ,cull5's di/9ction betwe5 !1 #ge4 ,simplicity always a desid]atum 9 a m$ic9al =mula1 #agh4 ,s9apisms 9 frequ5t use ) ! ,greeks & ,romans1 #df4 ,s9bad ! sailor1 8 adv5tures on ! des]t isl&1 a beautiful allegory1 #dg4 ,s9clair1 ,mr4 8 v int]e/+ exp]im5ts on ! necessity ( bitt] extractive to h]bivor\s quadrup$s1 #gi4 ,s+le fl[]s1 h[ *ang$ by cultivation1 #fj4 ,sl>e1 ,dr4 8 pamphlet 9 v9dication ( sug>1 #bd 7note74 ,sloe1 ! wild p>5t ( ! plum1 #fa4 ,small ,pox1 suppos$ by ! ,indians to be a visitation ( _! goddess ,,mah-,,ry ,,umma1 #ae4 ,smell1 ta/e1 & col\r ( plants indicate _! virtues1 #db4 ,smi?son1 ,mr4 8 curi\s discov]y ( two col\r+ pr9ciples 9 ! ,mulb]ry1 #dd4 ,smok+ tobacco introduc$ by ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh1 #bi 7note74 ,sneez+1 a case ( apoplexy produc$ by1 relat$ by ,morgagni1 #aji4 ,sn[1 ,mrs4 ,elizabe? ,woodcock buri$ 9 !1 = eight days1 #f 7note74 ,snuff1 ! ,pope's decree ( excommunication aga9/ all ^? :o %\ld take x1 #bi 7note72 cu/om ( mix+ toge!r its diff]5t v>ieties1 acc\nt$ =1 #adh4 ,soap1 :5 comb9$ ) ,aloes1 p]=ms ! duty ( ! corrig5s & ! adjuvans1 #agi2 its value z a con/itu5t 9 pills1 #aie2 re/or$ to ! ,extract3 ,colocyn?3 ,comp3 9 ! new ,ph>macopia1 #ee 7note74 ,socrates & ,phocion poison$ by ,cicuta1 #cg4 ,soil1 its influ5ce ^u m$ic9al plants1 #eg4 ,solanum ,tub]osum1 extract (1 an anodyne1 #cj4 ,solids1 simple & liv+1 h[ di/+ui%$ by ,cull51 #ge4 ,solomon's r+ = ! cure ( ,epilepsy1 #g 7note74 ,solution ( poison\s sub/ances 9 ! /oma* %\ld be avoid$1 #ace4 ,solubility ( a body influ5ces its effects ^u ! organ ( ta/e1 #dc2 solubility ( a purgative det]m9es its specific action1 #agb2 solubility ( a m$ic9al body1 h[ x may be modifi$ by me*anical & *emical exp$i5ts1 #agc4 ----1 its great importance 9 ref]5ce to ! activity ( a m$ic9al sub/ance1 #agb4 ,soporifics1 synonym\s ) ,n>cotics & ,hypnotics1 #gf4 ,soranus1 8 sup]/iti\s belief 9 ! virtues ( honey1 #aa4 ,s\!rn c\ntries1 "s vegetables m en]getic 91 ?an 9 nor!rn ones1 #eh4 ,spald+1 ,mr4 ! celebrat$ div]1 8 obs]vation respect+ ! comp>ative influ5ce ( vegetable & animal diet1 #aac4 ,spasm1 connect$ ) ! mo/ opposite /ates ( ! sy/em1 #gh4 ,spasmodic action controll$ by c]ta9 m$ic9es1 #gh4 ,sple51 s*irrus (1 said to be cur$ by iron1 & :y1 #bb4 ,squil1 its bitt] pr9ciple sep>at$ by ! assimilative functions1 & transmitt$ to ! kidneys1 #fh2 its p[]s invalidat$ by alkalies1 #aec 7note72 its action direct$ to ! kidneys by calomel1 #aeb2 its action z an expectorant (t5 requires ! aid ( a diaphoretic1 #aeb2 loses its diuretic virtues by purg+1 #afa4 ---- & ,digitalis1 dissimil> z ,diuretics1 #aej4 ----1 or sea onion1 adm9i/]$ 9 dropsy by ! ,egyptians1 #i4 ,/ahl's ,ideal ,sy/em1 mis*iev\s t5d5cy (1 #bb4 ,/eam ,laboratory at ,apo!c>ies' ,hall1 #eb 7note74 ,/eel m$ic9es accel]at$ 9 _! op]ation by purgatives1 #aeg4 ,/ell]'s te/imony ) respect to ! liability ( ! ,rhodod5dron to v>y 9 its virtues1 #eg4 ,/eph5s1 ,mrs4 h] rem$y = ! /one1 #cd2 ,p>liam5t>y rew>d to1 #cd 7note74 ,/immi1 or ,/ibium ( ! anci5ts1 :e!r ! ,antimony ( ! pres5t day1 #di4 ,/imulants1 local1 compreh5d evacuants1 #hc2 g5]al1 :at classes are compreh5d$ "u ! division (1 #ge4 ,/imulant op]ation ( ,n>cotics d5i$1 #gf4 ,/oll & ,w>r51 ,drs4 _! judici\s treatm5t ( ,*olica ,pictonum1 #afd4 ,/oma*1 x ex]cises a univ]sal sympa?y & control ov] e organ ( ! body1 #fi2 a c]ta9 *emical condition ( x sometimes opposes m$ic9al action1 #afb2 9 :at its p[]s consi/1 #ef2 has a *emical code ( its own1 #ee4 ,/one1 ,s>ah1 h] cases ( ,midwif]y1 #af 7note74 ,/rabo's explanation ( ! fable ( ! gold5 fleece1 #de4 ,/urmius1 8 anecdote respect+ ! sc>city ( b>k1 #bd 7note74 ,/yptic1 ,eaton's1 #hc 7note72 ( ,helvetius1 ibid42 nature ( /yptics z rem$ies1 ibid4 ,sub/ances n affect+ ! body 9 heal?1 :e!r !y c be active rem$ies 9 disease1 #fg2 sub/ances *emically compatible1 may be m$ic9ally inconsi/5t ) ea* o!r1 #ee2 suitable = pills1 #aic2 n adapt$ = pill-masses1 #aic4 ,sub/antive & adjective con/itu5ts1 mean+ ( ! t]ms1 #aed 7note74 ,sub/itution ( "o m$ic9e = ano!r1 a common b mis*iev\s practice1 v4 ,sudorifics1 see ,diaphoretics4 ,suffitus1 or dry fumes1 _! uses 9 ! cure ( disease1 #bjb4 ,sug>1 ! sweetness (1 modifi$ by vegetable extractive1 #aed2 absurd prejudices respect+1 #bd4 ---- & ,sug> ,c&y ( ,arabian orig91 #df4 ,sug>$ ,plums1 sold to *ildr51 conta9 plai/] ( ,p>is1 #aic 7note74 ,sulphate ( ,z9c1 ! comb9ation ( ) ,myrrh1 a valuable rem$y 9 ! humid c\ghs ( old p]sons1 #afe2 an excell5t rem$y 9 humoral a/hma1 #ajd2 z an emetic1 case ( dea? f1 #he4 ------------1 or ,sulphate ( ,copp]1 :y to be pref]r$ to ,antimony z emetics 9 c]ta9 cases ( poison+1 #acd4 ,sulphate ( ,potass1 ! m$ic9al action (1 modifi$ by its insolubility1 #id2 af=ds an excell5t example ( ! p[]s ( comb9ation 9 de/roy+ ! id5tity ( ! +r$i5ts1 #afi4 ------------ ,magnesia1 r>ely diuretic1 & :y1 #ie4 ,sulphur1 its ag5cy 9 produc+ od\r1 #aee 7note74 ,sup]/ition1 a prom95t s\rce ( error 9 physic1 #aj4 ,sup]/iti\s practices h sometimes l$ to useful results1 #ad4 ,suppositoria1 ,suppositories1 ! nature (1 #aig2 calculat$ to fulfil two great indications1 #aig4 ,swall[ roa/$1 e/eem$ z a rem$y by ,vogel1 #f4 ,sweet ,potatoe1 allud$ to by ,%akespe>e1 #ch4 ,swiss ,peasants delight 9 bitt] bev]age1 #gi4 ,syd5ham's case ( poison+ by corrosive sublimate cur$ by dilu5ts1 #ace 7note72 8 obs]vation respect+ ! practice ( comb9+ b>k ) o!r m$ic9es1 has less ( reason ?an ( sev]ity1 #aff2 8 extraord9>y treatm5t ( a hypo*ondriac1 #cf4 ,sylvius de la ,boe succe$$ ,van ,helmont1 #ej2 consigns two-?irds ( ! population ( ,leyd5 to an untimely grave1 #bc4 ,sympa?y1 conv5tional mean+ ( ! t]m1 #fh 7note74 ,sympa!tic ,p[d] ( ,sir ,k5elm ,digby1 #ad4 ,syncope1 produc$ at ,rome by p]fumes1 #eh4 ,synoptical view ( ,murray's arrangem5t ( ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 #gd4 ,syrup ( ,roses1 und]h&$ sub/itution 9 ! prep>ation ( x1 ,pref4 ,syrups1 ,juleps1 & ,cons]ves1 introduc$ by ! ,arabian ,physicians1 #df4 ,t ,tables ( *emical aff9ity may lead ! practition] into error1 & :y1 #ahc4 ,tabul> view ( diuretics1 arrang$ accord+ to _! suppos$ modes ( op]ation1 #ic2 ,cull5's arrangem5t ( ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 #gb4 ,tann9 g5]ally exi/s 9 comb9ation ) ,gallic acid1 #hb 7note72 pres5t 9 grasses ( aft]ma? crops1 #hb2 does n ent] ! circulation1 #hb2 is ! vegetable pr9ciple ( a/r+5cy1 #hb2 b is increas$ 9 effect by ,gallic acid1 #aec4 ,t> wat]1 epidemical madness respect+1 #bg 7note74 ,t>t> soluble1 rem>ks on ! op]ation (1 #agc4 ,t>t>iz$ ,antimony1 ! t]m def5d$1 #dj4 ,t>trate ( ,potass1 a solution (1 decompos$ by a curr5t ( ,c>bonic acid pass+ ?r\gh x1 #ahc 7note72 decompos$ by all sub-acid vegetables1 #ahc4 ,ta/e1 col\r1 & smell ( plants indicate _! virtues1 #db4 ,tea1 ! g5]al introduction (1 9 ,engl&1 ow+ to ! eulogy ( ,que5 ,ka?>9e1 #bi4 ,tea & turtle s\p1 :e!r _! admixture 9 ! /oma* may n =m lea!r1 #ahb 7note74 ,telephus1 ! ru/ ( ! spe> (1 a cure = ! w\nds x inflict$1 #ae4 ,temple1 ,sir ,william1 8 aphorism respect+ diet m faceti\s ?an philosophical1 #aeh4 ,temples1 anci5t1 d$icat$ to heal?1 & 9 airy situations1 #ci4 ,t5*1 curi\s mi/ake respect+ ! m$ic9al use ( !1 #aa 7note74 ,t5sion ( fibres1 ! necessity ( !1 #gh4 ,t]ms new1 propos$ by ! au?or to expla9 ! op]ation ( c]ta9 native comb9ations1 #aei 7note74 ,?addu ( ,flor5ce1 n ! inv5tor ( ,t9ctures1 #dh4 ,?aw aft] a h>d fro/1 aggravates c]ta9 c\ghs1 & :y1 #aje4 ,!baic ,t9cture1 d]ivation ( ! t]m1 #i 7note74 ,!mison1 ! ill success ( 8 practice record$ by ,juv5al1 #bb 7note74 ,!ories false1 mis*iev\s influ5ce (1 #ba4 ,!riaca ,&roma*i1 ! great celebrity (1 #bg4 ,!riaca1 ,heb]d5's rem>ks ^u1 #bh 7note74 ,!ssalus1 ! ,roman empiric1 describ$ by ,gal51 #bj4 ,?ir/1 ! irritation (1 keeps up febrile action1 #adj4 ,?oracic ,duct1 m$ic9es ent] into ! circulation ?r\gh its bran*es1 #gj4 ,"t ( ! day at :i* rem$ies are to be adm9i/]$1 =ms a subject ( int]e/1 #ahg4 ,t91 =m]ly call$ ,plumbum ,album1 #dh4 ,t9ctures inv5t$ by ,arnoldus de ,villa ,nova1 #dh4 ,tiroc9ium ,*emicum1 calomel describ$ 91 #ea4 ,toad roa/$1 its suppos$ p[]s 9 allay+ ! pa9s ( ! g\t1 #f2 ,receipt = bak+ x alive1 #f 7note74 ,tobacco1 its nauseat+ op]ation expla9$1 #he2 romantic hi/ory (1 #bi2 its ess5tial oil acts v diff]5tly f ! infusion ( its leaves1 #acb 7note72 its ,signatures1 #be4 ,tonics1 vegetable1 _! effects modifi$ by alkalies1 & o!r solv5ts1 #agd4 ----1 9 :at cases _! comb9ation ) purgatives becomes eligible1 #afd2 reasons = comb9+ !m ) diffusible /imulants1 #afe2 are absolute or relative 9 _! op]ation1 #gh2 !y frequ5tly require ! aid ( ,diaphoretics to modify _! p[]s1 #afd2 _! op]ation 9 heal?y & debilitat$ habits1 #gh2 are vital ag5ts1 #gh2 def9ition (1 #gh4 ---- ,topical ,refrig]ants1 #aaj4 ,torm5til 9 pa/ures said to prev5t ! rot 9 %eep1 #hj 7note74 ,t\rne=t1 8 mode ( asc]ta9+ m$ic9al prop]ties 9 vegetables1 #bc4 ,tortosa1 8 op9ion respect+ ! solubility ( ,opium 9 ! /oma* que/ion$1 #acf 7note74 ,transition f diffusible /imulants to tonics imp]ceptible1 #ha4 ,treacle1 its p[]s 9 pres]v+ vegetable p[d]s1 #aie4 ,triple ,salts1 _! =mation (t5 af=ds app>5t exceptions to ! usual law ( aff9ity1 #ahc4 ,tro*isci--,loz5ges1 obs]vations respect+ _! modus op]&i1 #aig4 ,trumpet !1 us$ by ,asclepiades 9 ! cure ( ,sciatica1 #g 7note74 ,tub]es ( ,pl9y1 ,knight's conjectures respect+1 #fa4 ,turm]ic1 an anci5t rem$y = ,jaundice1 #be4 ,turn]1 ,culpepp]1 & ,lovel1 prop]ly d5om9at$ ! ,a/rological ,h]bali/s1 #ac4 ,turn]1 ,mr4 :y he escap$ f ! dose ( ars5ic adm9i/]$ to him1 9 yea/ dumpl+s1 #aie4 ,turnips1 yell[1 conta9 little1 or no bitt] pr9ciple1 #gi4 ,turp5t9e1 oil (1 acts on ! kidneys only :5 giv5 9 small doses1 #ie4 ,v ,vacc9ation1 sup]/iti\s notions ent]ta9$ respect+ x 9 ! ,ea/1 #ae4 ,van ,helmont1 8 *emical zeal1 #ej2 8 *emical doctr9es esp\s$ by ,sylvius de la ,boe1 #ej2 8 mis*iev\s doctr9es1 #ajj4 ,van-,swiet51 8 op9ion respect+ ! effect ( sneez+ 9 load+ ! vessels ( ! head1 #aji4 ,val5t9e1 ,basil1 ! fa!r ( ,metallic ,m$ic9e1 #dh4 ,val]ian1 its antispasmodic virtues1 #gh4 ,valisni]i1 8 obs]vations ^u comb9ation1 #adg4 ,vap\rs1 a fa%ionable disord] 9 ! reign ( ,que5 ,anne1 #cc4 ,v>iable activity ( a m$ic9e1 a fact n to be ov]look$ by ! practition]1 #ahg4 ,vegetable analysis1 ! great improvem5ts 91 #eb4 ,vegetable acids r>ely ! vehicle ( poisons1 #acf 7note72 und]go decomposition 9 ! dige/ive organs1 #id4 ---- a/r+5ts1 :e!r !y may n be incompatible ) lime wat]1 #ahb4 ,vegetable diet1 ! suppos$ refrig]at+ effect (1 expla9$1 #aac4 ---- diuretics1 g5]ally bitt]1 #id4 ---- eat]s1 less affect$ by vegetable poisons ?an c>nivor\s animals1 & :y1 #fi 7note74 ,vehicle ( a rem$y1 h[ to be select$1 #agf4 ,v5a ,port>um1 "o ( ! av5ues ?r\gh :i* m$ic9al sub/ances ent] ! circulation1 #gj4 ,v5esection increases ! effects ( ,ca?>tics1 #aef2 ( ,m]cury1 #aef2 :5 x ought to be avoid$ 9 cases ( poison+1 & :y1 #acg2 frequ5tly promotes vomit+ & :y1 #he2 a rem$y ( v e>ly orig91 #h2 may act z a tonic1 #gh4 ,v]b5a1 a ^w ( g5]al import 7quasi ,h]b5a71 #cg4 ,v]degris1 ! virul5t effects ( increas$ by v9eg>1 #acf4 ,v]tigo1 in/antly reliev$ by e!r1 & :y1 #fi4 ,v]va91 ,morley's recomm5dation (1 #ag2 druidical sup]/itions respect+ x1 #aa 7note74 ,vi5na ,g\t ,decoction1 #cb 7note74 ,views1 ,synoptical1 ( ! arrangem5t ( ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 accord+ to ,cull51 ,murray1 & ,"y1 #gb1 #gc1 #gd4 ,v9eg> ( ,wood describ$ by ,glaub]1 #cc4 ,v9e twigs1 a fix$ alkali procur$ f1 recomm5d$ by ,basil ,val5t9e 9 ! gravel1 #di4 ,vill]obel relates t ! b>k rema9$ = sev5 ye>s 9 ,spa9 be=e any trial ( its efficacy 0 in/itut$1 #ca4 ,virgil1 8 allusion to ! anti-n>cotic influ5ce ( vegetable acids1 #acf4 ,virey1 8 obs]vations ^u ! gr[? ( plants1 #eg4 ----1 ,ray1 & ,l9nu1 _! obs]vation respect+ ! influ5ce ( pulv]ization ^u ! m$ic9al activity ( a plant1 #agd4 ,vis ,m$icatrix1 its suppos$ ag5cy1 #gf4 ,viscus ,qu]c9us1 or ,missletoe1 druidical hi/ory ( !1 #ac4 ,vitriol1 orig9al mean+ ( ! t]m1 #cg4 ,vogel1 believ$ 9 ! efficacy ( roa/$ toad1 #f2 8 attempt to class m$ic9es accord+ to _! virtues1 #f4 ,voltaire's illu/rative fable ( ! ,voluptu>y ,ogul1 #ce4 ,vomit+1 :y x _c be excit$ dur+ pr(\nd intoxication1 #hd2 ph5om5a & pa?ology (1 #hc2 n effect$ by ! /oma* alone1 #hd4 ,u ,ulysses1 hmorrhage (1 cur$ by a *>m1 #ag4 ,ultra-,*emi/ry1 its mis*iev\s t5d5cy 9 m$ic9e consid]$1 #ef4 ,umbellif]1 m$ic9al analogies betwe5 _! species1 #da4 ,unseasonable collection ( vegetable rem$ies1 a great s\rce ( fallacy1 #fb4 ,uranus1 discov]y ( t planet1 by ,h]s*el1 #e4 ,urea1 ! nature & habitudes (1 consid]$1 #aaf2 ,dr4 ,pr\t's op9ion reg>d+ ! orig9 (1 #aaf4 ,ur9>y organs /imulat$ by sal9e bodies1 #ic 7note74 ---- calculi1 a tabul> view ( ! diff]5t species (1 #abj4 ,ur9e1 analysis (1 by ,b]zelius1 #aaf2 its col\r *ang$ by ! adm9i/ration ( rhub>b1 & ,indian fig1 #fh 7note74 ---- ( ! husb&1 suppos$ to exp$ite lab\r pa9s1 #af 7note74 ,w ,w>burton1 ,dr4 8 error respect+ ! orig9 ( amulets1 #g4 ,w>r5's ,black+ describ$ 9 ! ,hecuba ( ,euripides1 #cc 7note74 ,w>m ba?1 me*anical notions respect+ its op]ation & effects1 #bb4 ,wat]1 ! potation (1 promotes ! action ( ! kidneys1 #id2 sometimes suffici5t to =m vegetable p[d]s into masses ( pill1 #aif2 :e!r decompos$ by ! dige/ive organs1 #ada4 ,wat]s ( plants1 =m]ly meant simple decoctions1 #df4 ,wat]s1 m9]al1 a probable cause ( _! activity z rem$ies1 #ahe4 ,wat]+ places1 obs]vations ^u _! efficacy1 #ce4 ,watson1 ,bi%op1 8 eloqu5t appeal on ! importance ( *emical sci5ce1 #ed4 ,w$elius1 8 ,opiologia1 #cb4 ,weck]'s ,disp5satory conta9s sev]al prep>ations 9 :i* ! magnet is an +r$i5t1 #bd 7note74 ,wells1 ,dr4 8 op9ion respect+ ! col\r+ matt] ( ! blood1 #be 7note74 ,wesley1 ,john1 m$ical cr$ulity (1 #ce2 cur$ by sulphur & supplication1 #cf4 ,:eat1 ! relative proportions ( ,glut5 91 v>y 9 diff]5t c\ntries1 #eh4 ,willis1 ,dr4 8 prejudice aga9/ sug>1 #bd4 ,w9e glass1 to be e/imat$ z conta9+ f iss1 #aii4 ,wiseman's hi/ory ( cures by ! royal t\*1 #af4 ,wit*1 ! a%es (1 a rem$y aga9/ wit*craft1 #bf 7note74 ,w\lf's app>atus orig9ally describ$ by ,glaub]1 #cc4 ,wormwood1 =m]ly suppos$ to be an antidote to drunk5ness1 #gi4 ,wood1 v9eg> obta9$ f1 by ,glaub]1 #cc4 ,woodcock1 ,elizabe?1 buri$ 9 ! sn[ = eight days1 #f 7note74 ,worms1 f\r species (1 g5]at$ 9 ! human body1 #ach 7note74 ,w\nds inflict$ by iron in/rum5ts =m]ly suppos$ to be fatal1 #bc4 ,y ,yea/ p\ltice1 its modus op]&i expla9$1 #aga4 ,yell[ turnips conta9 little or no bitt] pr9ciple1 #gi4 ,yell[ fev]1 errors respect+ ! use ( m]cury 9 !1 #cd4 ,"y1 ,dr4 8 rule = apportion+ doses accord+ to diff]5t ages1 #ahi2 8 arrangem5t ( ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 #gc4 ,z ,zeal&]s support$1 dur+ a sc>city1 by ,l9se$1 #hj4 ,z9c1 ! acetate (1 to be pref]r$ to ! sulphate z an oph?almic application1 #agj2 sulphate (1 an excell5t rem$y 9 humoral a/hma1 #ajd4 ,,index ,,to ,,! ,,pat5t ,,m$ic9es1 ,,& ,,no/rums1 ,,describ$ ,,9 ,,?is ,,"w4 8,arcana revelata ft5t40--,bo]h3 8,nullum ,ego cognosco rem$ium nisi quod ,tempe/ivo usu fiat tale40--,ibid4 ,ague ,drop1 #daa ,almond ,pa/e1 #bgg ,&]son's ,pills1 #bga ,anodyne ,necklaces1 #ac #cig ,anti-,p]tussis1 #ebb ,anti-,v5]eal ,drops1 #cij ,aromatic ,loz5ges ( ,/eel1 #cgd ,aromatic ,v9eg>1 #bec ,bailey's ,it* ,o9tm5t1 #ebj ,balsam ( ,honey1 #cad ,balsam ( ,horeh\nd1 #dch ,balsam ( ,liquorice1 #chj ,b>clay's ,antibili\s ,pills1 #cfc ,b>k1 ess5tial ,salt (1 #ccb ,bateman's ,pectoral ,drops1 #cbf ,bate's ,anodyne ,balsam1 #djh ,battley's ,liquor opii ,s$ativus1 #ddj ,beaume de ,vie1 #bga ,black ,drop1 #ddj ,bla9e's ,p[d]1 #dhg ,bo]haave's ,r$ ,pill1 #cie ,brodum's ,n]v\s ,cordial1 #cgi ,cephalic ,snuff1 #dib ,*amb]la9's ,re/orative ,pills = ,scr(ula1 #cie ,*amomile ,drops1 #bgi ,*>coal1 ,conc5trat$ solution (1 #cbb ,*elsea ,p5sion]1 #cha ,*elt5ham ,salts1 #dhj ,*elt5ham ,salts1 ! orig9al comb9$1 #dhj ,*elt5ham ,salts1 ! effloresc5ce (1 #dhj ,*+'s ,worm ,loz5ges1 #cid ,co*rane ,major1 8 ,c\gh ,m$ic9e1 #dij ,colley's ,depilatory1 #deb ,corn ,plai/]1 #cei ,c\gh ,drops1 #dch ,c\rt ,plai/]1 #cei ,crespigny ,lady1 h] ,pills1 #bga ,daffy's ,elixir1 #eje ,dalby's ,c>m9ative1 #dah ,davidson's ,rem$y = ,canc]1 #bih ,de ,la ,motte's ,gold5 ,drops1 #ejf ,delcroix's ,depilatory1 #bih ,d9n] ,pills1 #bga ,dixon's ,antibili\s ,pills1 #bga ,dut* ,drops1 #dig ,eaton's ,/yptic1 #hc ,eau ,m$ic9ale de ,husson1 #cci ,economical ,breakfa/ ,p[d]1 #dic ,ed9burgh ,o9tm5t1 #eji ,elixir ( ,longevity1 #bga ,elixir ( ,vitriol1 #bfe ,ess5ce ( ,vitriol1 #bfe ,ess5ce ( ,bitt] ,almonds1 #dca ,ess5ce ( ,c(fee1 #cbe ,ess5ce ( ,coltsfoot1 #cad ,ess5ce ( ,mu/>d1 #dge ,ess5ce ( ,mu/>d ,pills1 #dge ,ess5ce ( ,pepp]m9t1 #dba ,ess5ce ( ,s5na1 #dja ,ess5ce ( ,spruce1 #die ,ess5tial ,salt ( ,b>k1 #cca ,ess5tial ,salt ( ,lemons1 #djg ,ev]la/+ ,pills1 #bhj ,=d's ,laudanum1 #eae ,=d's ,balsam ( ,horeh\nd1 #dch ,fo!rgill's ,pills1 #bga ,freeman's ,ba?+ ,spirits1 #djh ,fri>'s ,balsam1 #cad ,fumigat+ ,pa/iles1 #cac ,godbold's ,vegetable ,balsam1 #ddb ,godfrey's ,cordial1 #dfh ,godfrey's ,smell+ ,salts1 #bge ,gold5 ,drops1 #ejf ,gold5 ,o9tm5t1 #bih ,gold5 ,spirits ( ,scurvy ,grass1 #cag ,g\t ,t9cture1 ,wilson's1 #cdj ,g[l&'s ,lotion1 #cij ,gre5's ,drops1 #cij ,gre5\gh's ,t9cture1 #ejc ,gr9dle's ,c\gh ,drops1 #dch ,gue/onian ,embrocation = ! ,rheumatism1 #dig ,hannay's ,lotion1 #dae ,hatfield's ,t9cture1 #cha ,hill's ,ess5ce ( ,b>dana1 #cha ,honey ,wat]1 #dba ,hoop]'s ,pills1 #bga ,hudson's ,pres]vative = ! ,tee?1 #ejc ,huiles ,antiques1 #dcj ,hung>y ,wat]1 #dhb ,hunt's ,breakfa/ ,p[d]1 #dic ,ipecacuanha ,loz5ges1 #djc ,james's ,p[d]1 #deh ,james's ,analeptic ,pills1 #deh ,jesuit's ,drops1 #cad ,jackson's ,ba?+ ,spirits1 #djh ,keys]'s ,pills1 #bdg ,lanca/] or ,black ,drop1 #ddj ,l>dn]'s ,prep>$ ,*>coal1 #cbb ,lemons1 ,ess5tial ,salt (1 #djg ,liquor ,opii ,s$ativus1 #ddj ,lyn*'s ,embrocation1 #djh ,madd5's ,vegetable ,ess5ce1 #djj ,magnesian ,*elt5ham ,salts1 #dhj ,m>sd5's ,antiscorbutic ,drops1 #cij ,m>seilles ,v9eg>1 #bec ,m>%all's ,c]ate1 #cbi ,mat!w's ,pills1 #chb ,mat!w's ,injection1 #ejd ,mock ,arrack1 #dhf ,moseley's ,pills1 #dfb ,necklaces1 ,anodyne1 #ac ,norris's ,drops1 #bhd ,norton's ,drops1 #cij ,n\ffleur's ,v]mifuge1 #ca ,opodeldoc1 ,/e]'s1 #djh ,oxley's ,ess5ce ( ,jamaica ,g+]1 #ebb ,pa/illes1 #cac ,pate ,ars5icale1 #bih ,pet]'s ,pills1 #bga ,pectoral ,balsam ( ,honey1 #cad ,pectoral ,balsam ( ,liquorice1 #chj ,p]man5t ,ink1 #bic ,portl& ,p[d]1 #cb ,plunkett's ,o9tm5t1 #big ,radcliffe's ,elixir1 #bga ,ref9$ ,liquorice1 #cfd ,rem$y = ! ,too?-a*e1 #cah ,rem$ies v>i\s = ! ,hoop+ ,c\gh1 #ebb ,riga ,balsam1 #die ,rob ,antisyphilitique1 #cij ,ro*e's ,embrocation = ! ,hoop+ ,c\gh1 #dcj ,royal ,prev5tive1 #dej ,rusp9i's ,t9cture1 #ejc ,rym]'s ,c>diac ,t9cture1 #cba ,sc\r+ ,drops1 #dig ,seidlitz ,p[d]s1 #dgf ,s5na1 ,prep>$ ,ess5ce (1 #dja ,s+leton's ,eye ,salve1 #bih ,sirop de ,cuis9i]e1 #cij ,smellone's ,eye ,salve1 #bfg ,snuff ,cephalic1 #deb ,sodaic ,p[]s1 #dgf ,solomon's ,anti-,impetig9es1 #cij ,solomon's ,balm ( ,gilead1 #ejd ,spe$iman's ,pills1 #bga ,spilsbury's ,antiscorbutic ,drops1 #cij ,squire's ,elixir1 #dch ,/>key's ,pills1 #chb ,/>key's ,soap1 #dif ,/e]'s ,opodeldoc1 #djh ,/]ry's ,plai/]1 #ceg ,/eph5s's ,mrs4 ,rem$y = ! ,/one1 #dab ,/orey's ,worm ,cakes1 #cid ,/r\ghton's ,elixir1 #cgi ,/ruve's ,lotion1 #dcj ,sulphur ,loz5ges1 #dhh ,sw9ton's ,daffey's ,elixir1 #eje ,taylor's ,rem$y = ,deafness1 #bfi ,taylor's ,r$ ,bottle1 #dhf ,?ieves' ,v9eg>1 #bed ,?ompson's ,*elt5ham ,salts1 #dhj ,tolu ,loz5ges1 #cab ,transp>5t ,soap1 #dfg ,velno's ,vegetable ,syrup1 #cij ,virg9's ,milk1 #dad ,wade's ,drops1 #cad ,walk]'s ,jesuit ,drops1 #cha ,w>d's ,ess5ce = ! ,head-a*e1 #djh ,w>d's ,pa/e1 #cab ,w>d's ,:ite ,drops1 #cij ,w>d's ,r$ ,drops1 #ead ,w>d's ,sweat+ ,p[d]1 #ejh ,w>n]'s ,cordial1 #dfb ,web/]1 ,lady1 h] ,pills1 #bga ,:itehead's ,ess5ce ( ,mu/>d1 #dge ,wilson's ,g\t ,t9cture1 #cdj ,worm ,cakes1 #cid ----- ,footnote #a3 ,! ,college ( ,physicians may n[ be said to possess "o ( ! mo/ complete collections ( ,mat]ia ,m$ica 9 ,europe4 ,t collect$ by ,dr4 ,burgess1 & pres5t$ to ! ,college aft] 8 dea? by ,mr4 ,br&e1 to :om x 0 bequea!d1 has lately be5 collat$ ) ! cab9et ( ,dr4 ,coombe1 pur*as$ = t purpose4 ,its arrangem5t has be5 direct$ by a feel+ ( conv5i5ce = ref]5ce1 r ?an by any !oretical views relative to ! natural1 *emical1 & m$ic9al hi/ories ( its con/itu5t p>ts4 ,"u prop] regulations1 x is accessible to ! /udi\s & respectable memb]s ( ! pr(ession4 ,footnote #b3 ,a late =eign writ] impress$ ) ?is s5tim5t has giv5 ! foll[+ flatt]+ def9ition ( our pr(ession4 #8,physic is ! art ( amus+ ! pati5t1 :ile ,nature cures ! disease4' ,?is is a s>casm :i* c only be equall$ by ! *urli% & ill-hum\r$ apo/rophe ( our own ,dr4 ,samuel ,johnson1 :o1 9 speak+ ( ! pr(ession ( physic1 exclaims #8,x is a melan*oly att5dance on mis]y2 a mean submission to peevi%ness2 & a cont9ual int]ruption ( pleasure4' ,footnote #c3 ,obs]vation1 says pr(essor ,leslie1 is ! close inspection & att5tive exam9ation ( ^? ph5om5a :i* arise 9 ! c\rse ( ,nature2 ,exp]im5t1 z ! t]m implies1 consi/s 9 a k9d ( trial1 or artificial selection & comb9ation ( circum/ances1 = ! purpose ( se>*+ aft] ! remote results4 ,footnote #d3 ,! refractive p[] ( an inflammable body be>s also a proportion to its p]fection1 :5ce x may be sometimes us$ z a te/ ( its purity2 ?us ,dr4 ,wolla/on f\nd t g5u9e ,oil ( ,cloves _h a refractive p[] ( #a4ece1 :ile t ( an inf]ior quality did n exce$ #a4dih4 ,footnote #e3 ,elizabe? ,woodcock1 :o 0 buri$ 9 ! sn[ = ! space ( eight days1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,cambridge1 & :om ,i frequ5tly visit$1 di$ 9 consequ5ce ( ! /imulants :i* %e c\ld n resi/1 & :i* 9 h] peculi> /ate ( excitem5t %e 0 unable to be>4 ,9 ! fir/ volume ( ! ,memoirs ( ! ,philosophical ,society ( ,man*e/]1 a case ( a ,m9] is record$1 :o aft] rema9+ = eight days )\t food1 0 kill$ by be+ plac$ 9 a w>m b$1 & f$ ) *ick5-bro?4 ,footnote #f3 ,= ?is purpose x appe>s t ! toad 0 bak$ alive4 ,! foll[+ is ! receipt 9 ,colborne's ,disp5satory2 #8,bufo ,prp>atus4' 8,put ! toads alive into an e>!n pot1 & dry !m 9 an ov5 mod]ately heat$1 till !y become fit to be p[d]$406 ,footnote #g3 ,! application ( ! reek+ entrails ( a rec5tly sla9 animal1 appe>s to h be5 "o ( ! e>lie/ me?ods adopt$ = ! relief ( pa94 ,footnote #h3 ,! words #8,incantation1' & #8,*>m1' appe> to h be5 d]iv$ f ! anci5t practice ( cur+ diseases by ,poetry & ,music4 7,c>m57 ,?us ,clius ,aurelianus1 decant>e loca ,dol5tia4 ,democritus says t _m diseases are capable ( be+ cur$ by ! s\nd ( a flute1 :5 prop]ly play$4 ,m>ianus ,capellus assures u1 t fev]s may be cur$ by appropriate songs2 ,asclepiades actually employ$ ! trumpet1 = ! relief ( ,sciatica1 & tells u t x is to be cont9u$ until ! fibres ( ! "p beg9 to palpitate1 :5 ! pa9 w vani%4 ,footnote #i3 simil> sup]/ition is /ill practis$ by ! ,indians4 ,!re is a species ( gre5 jasp] f\nd 9 _m p>ts ( ,am]ica1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,new ,spa91 to :i* ! ,spani>ds h giv5 ! "n ( ,pi$ra de la ,hyada1 & is us$ = cur+ ! ,*olic by be+ appli$ to ! navel4 ,footnote #aj3 ,lib4 viii4 c4 #b4 #e4 ,footnote #aa3 ,f ?is ,art ( ,solomon1 exhibit$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( a r+1 or seal1 we h ! ea/]n /ories :i* celebrate ! ,,seal ,,( ,,solomon1 & record ! pot5cy ( its sway ov] ! v>i\s ord]s ( ,demons1 or ( ,g5ii1 :o are suppos$ to be ! invisible torm5tors or b5efactors ( ! human race4 ,footnote #ab3 ,let ! tradition respect+ ! discov]y ( ! virtues ( ! b>k s]ve z an illu/ration4 ,we are told1 t an ,indian be+ ill ( a fev]1 qu5*$ 8 ?ir/ at a pool ( wat]1 /rongly impregnat$ ) ! b>k f "s trees hav+ accid5tally fall5 into x1 & t he 0 9 consequ5ce cur$4 ,footnote #ac3 ,z ^! p]sons 7 ambiti\s to pass = ! desc5dants ( ,esculapius1 !y assum$ ! "n ( ,! ,,asclepiades4 ,! writ+s ( ,pausanius1 ,philo/ratus1 & ,plut>*1 ab\nd ) ! artifices ( ^? e>ly physicians4 ,ari/ophanes describes 9 a truly comic mann] ! craft & pi\s av>ice ( ^! godly m51 & m5tions ! dext]ity & promptitude ) :i* !y collect$1 & put into _! bags1 ! (f]+s on ! alt>4 ,! pati5ts1 dur+ ?is p]iod1 repos$ on ! sk9s ( sacrific$ rams1 9 ord] t !y might procure cele/ial visions4 ,z soon z !y 7 believ$ to be asleep1 a prie/1 clo!d 9 ! dress ( ,esculapius1 imitat+ 8 mann]s1 & accompani$ by ! daught]s ( ! god1 t is1 by "y actresses1 ?or\ghly in/ruct$ 9 _! p>ts1 ent]$1 & deliv]$ a m$ical op9ion4 ,footnote #ad3 ,odyss 4 ,footnote #ae3 ,h5ce1 ! ,t9cture ( ,opium has be5 call$ ,!baic ,t9cture4 ,footnote #af3 ,! ,laurel 0 sacr$ to ,apollo1 ) plantations ( :i* 8 temples 7 surr\nd$4 ,lucan in=ms u 7,ph>sal4 lib4 v47 t ! spe$y dea? ( ! prie/ess 0 (t5 occasion$ by ! c]emony4 ,footnote #ag3 ,allusions to ?is plant frequ5tly occur 9 ! m$ical writ+s ( antiquity2 we are told t ,gal51 9 ! decl9e ( life1 suff]$ mu* f morbid vigilance1 until he _h rec\rse to eat+ a lettuce e ev5+1 :i* cur$ him4 ,footnote #ah3 ,iliad 4 ,footnote #ai3 ,! ,plague ( ,london 0 suppos$ to h aris5 f su* a cause1 z we le>n f ! writ]s ( t p]iod4 ,i %all quote a passage f a pamphlet by ,w4 ,kemp1 ,m4 ,a4 d$icat$ to ,*>les ! ,second4 #8,"o cause ( bre$+ ! pe/il5ce is t corruption ( ! air1 :i* is occasion$ by ! influ5ce ( ! ,/>s1 by ! aspects1 conjunctions1 & oppositions ( ! ,planets1 by ! eclipses ( ! ,sun & ,moon1 & by ! consequ5ces ( ,comets4' #8,a/ra regunt hom9es1 s$ regit a/ra ,deus4' ,hippocrates advises 8 son ,!ssalus to /udy numb]s & geometry1 7#8,epi/4 ad ,!ssalum4'7 because1 says he1 ! ris+ & sett+ ( ! ,/>s h a great effect ^u ,di/emp]s4 ,citois1 ! hi/orian ( ! celebrat$ ,colic ( ,poit\ 7,colica ,pictonum71 :i* rag$ ) su* epidemic fury 9 t prov9ce dur+ ! ,sixte5? c5tury1 drops a h9t1 app>5tly ) a view to acc\nt = ! orig9 ( ! disease1 viz4 t to ! great a/oni%m5t ( ,a/rolog]s1 #8a new ,/> _h1 9 ! same ye> made its appe>ance 9 ! con/ellation ( ,cassiopeia'4--7,diatriba de novo et popul>i1 apud ,pictones1 dolore colico bilioso47 ,footnote #bj3 ,! preci\s /ones 71 at fir/1 only us$ z ,amulets1 or ext]nal *>ms1 b l _m o!r articles ( ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 !y pass$1 by a mi/ake 9 ! mode ( _! application1 f ! outside to ! inside ( ! body1 & !y 7 accord+ly p[d]$ & adm9i/]$ z specifics4 ,an analog\s case ( ! p]v]t$ adm9i/ration ( a popul> rem$y is af=d$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,t5*2 :i* ,s5n]tus describes z a rem$y capable ( cur+ ! ,jaundice1 :i* he all[s is effect$ #8by secret attraction1 & ! p[] ( ,amulets4' ,9 ! c\rse ( "t1 x became a reput$ food 9 ! cure ( t disease1 & ,t5* bro? 0 prescrib$ ^u all su* occasions4 ,footnote #ba3 ,my/]y is ! v s\l ( ,empiricism2 )draw ! veil1 & ! confid5ce ( ! pati5t in/antly langui%es2 ?us ,pl9y1 #8,m9us cr$unt qu ad suam salutem p]t95t1 si intelligunt4' ,footnote #bb3 ,x 0 ?is hi/orian :o said1 t ,m$ic9e 0 inv5t$ by ,apollo1 improv$ by ,esculapius1 & br\ght to p]fection by ! physician ( ,cos4 ,footnote #bc3 ,p>acelsus exclaims1 #8,/ellas t]r5es esse ,plantas1 qu cele/es plantas1 i4 e4 ,/ellas1 respiciant1 ita ut quvis planta suam habeat /ellam specificam4' ,! ,druids ( ,gaul & ,brita91 :o 7 bo? prie/s & physicians1 ga!r$ & cut ! ,missletoe ) a gold5 knife1 only :5 ! ,moon 0 six days old1 & be+ aft]w>ds consecrat$ by c]ta9 =ms1 x 0 consid]$ z an antidote to poisons1 & a prev5tive ( /]ility4 ,pl9ii4 ,lib4 xvi1 c4 #dd4 ,! ,v]va91 7,v]b5a ,(fic9alis17 aft] libations ( honey1 0 to be ga!r$ at ! ris+ ( ! dog-/>1 :5 nei!r sun nor moon %one1 ) ! left h& only2 :5 ?us prep>$1 x 0 said to vanqui% fev]s1 & o!r di/emp]s1 0 an antidote to ! bite ( s]p5ts1 & a *>m to conciliate fri5d%ip4 ,pl94 ,lib4 xxv4 c4 #i4 ,i %all h[ev] h]eaft] %ew t ! m$ic9al reputation ( ?is h]b d]iv$ its orig9 f a s\rce m anci5t ev5 ?an t ( ,druidism4 ,magn5us 7,ex]citat4 de ,tabaco17 has giv5 u ! foll[+ precept1--#8,tabacum s]atur luna cresc5te1 colligatur autem decresc5te luna4' ,footnote #bd3 ,9 lat] times ^! hea!n symbols 7 dropp$1 & o!rs 7 adopt$ to propitiate ! fav\r & assi/ance ( heav52 = ?is purpose ! ,al*emi/s /amp$ ! figure ( ! cross ^u ! vessel 9 :i* !y 7 to obta9 _! long s\ght = prize2 a sup]/iti\s practice1 f :i* ! t]m crucible d]iv$ its orig94 ,i am well aw>e t ano!r explanation has be5 giv51 & t ! ^w has be5 d]iv$ f ,crucio1 s9ce 9 ! language ( ! ,al*emi/s1 ! crucible 0 ! vessel 9 :i* ! metals 7 tortur$ to =ce !m to assume ! =m ( gold4 ,footnote #be3 ,mr4 ,boyle 0 pre-em95tly cr$ul\s ) respect to specifics1 & contribut$ v greatly to ! enc\ragem5t & diffusion ( empiricism1 by publi%+ _m prescriptions z af=d+ infallible rem$ies1 :i* 7 communicat$ to him by a v>iety ( p]sons1 :o ei!r f ignorance or design v\*$ = _! efficacy4 ,footnote #bf3 ,! ,soo?say]s attribut$ _m my/ic prop]ties to ! ,coral1 & x 0 believ$ to be capable ( giv+ protection aga9/ ! influ5ce ( #8,evil ,eyes2' x 0 ev5 suppos$ t ,coral w\ld drive away ,devils & ,evil ,spirits2 h5ce arose ! cu/om ( we>+ amulets compos$ ( x1 ar\nd ! neck1 & ( mak+ cr[ns ( x4 ,pl9y & ,dioscorides are v l\d 9 _! praises ( ! m$ic9al prop]ties ( ?is sub/ance1 & ,p>acelsus says t x %\ld be worn ar\nd ! necks ( infants z an admirable pres]vative aga9/ fits1 sorc]y1 *>ms1 & ev5 aga9/ poison4 ,x is a curi\s circum/ance1 t ! same sup]/iti\s belief %\ld exi/ among ! ,negroes ( ! ,we/ ,indies1 :o affirm t ! col\r ( ,coral is always affect$ by ! /ate ( heal? ( ! we>]1 x becom+ pal] 9 disease4 ,9 ,sicily x is also commonly worn z an amulet4 ,footnote #bg3 ,see 8,sir ,k5elm ,digby's ,disc\rse ^u ! ,cure by ,sympa?y1 pron\nc$ at ,montpelli]1 be=e an assembly ( ,nobles & le>n$ m54 ,translat$ into ,engli%1 by ,r4 ,:ite1 ,g5tleman1 & publi%$ 9 #afeh40 ,k+ ,james ! ,fir/ obta9$ f ,sir ,k5elm ! discov]y ( 8 secret1 :i* he pret5d$ _h be5 taught him by a ,c>melite ,fri>1 :o _h le>n$ x 9 ,am]ica or ,p]sia4 ,! ,sympa!tic ,p[d] 01 z we le>n f cotempor>y physicians1 #8calc9$ gre5 vitriol4' ,footnote #bh3 ,?is sup]/iti\s practice is repeat$ly allud$ to by ! poets3 ?us ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 9 ! ,lay ( ! ,la/ ,m9/rel-- 8,b %e has ta'en ! brok5 lance1 ,& wa%'d x f ! clott$ gore1 ,& salv$ ! spl9t] o'er & o'er4 ,william ( ,delora9e1 9 trance1 ,:5e'er %e turn'd x r\nd & r\nd1 ,twi/$1 z if %e gall'd 8 w\nd1 ,!n to h] maid5s %e did say1 ,t he %\ld be :ole man & s\nd40--,canto iii4 ,/4 xxiii4 ,dryd5 has also introduc$ ! same sup]/ition 9 8 ,en*ant$ ,isl&4 ,act4 v4 ,sc5e ii4 ,ariel4 ,ano9t ! sword :i* pi]c$ him ) ?is ,weapon salve1 & wrap x close f air ,till ,i h "t to visit x aga94 ,aga91 9 ,sc5e #d?1 ,mir&a ent]s ) ,hippolito's sword1 wrapt up3-- ,hip4 ,o my w\nds pa9 me1 ,%e unwraps ! sword4 ,mir4 ,i am come to ease y4 ,hip4 ,alas ,i feel ! cold air come to me2 ,my w\nd %oots worse ?an ev]4 ,mir4 ,does x /ill grieve y8 ,%e wipes & ano9ts ! sword4 ,hip4 ,n[1 me?9ks1 !re's some?+ laid j ^u x3 ,mir4 ,d y f9d no ease8 ,hip4 ,yes1 ,yes2 ^u ! sudd5 all ?is pa9 ,is leav+ me--,sweet heav51 h[ am ,i eas$6 ,footnote #bi3 ,at ! same "t x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t _m ( ^! revolt+ applications h actually produc$ b5efit by a physical op]ation2 we ne$ only m5tion ! nause\s rem$ies recomm5d$ by _m writ]s on ,midwif]y to exp$ite deliv]y1 :i* induc$ ! desir$ effect by produc+ nausea1 or vomit+4 ,h>tman says 7,op]a4 ,fol4 p4 #gb7 t he has (t5 witness$ among/ ! poor1 t difficult lab\r has be5 accel]at$ by a draught ( ! husb&'s ur9e6 &1 he adds1 t horse dung infus$ 9 w9e is efficaci\s 9 expell+ ! ,plac5ta4 ,s>ah ,/one1 a midwife :o publi%$ "s cases 9 #agcg1 m5tions sev]al in/ances ( wom5 9 lab\r1 to :om 0 giv5 ! juice ( leeks1 mix$ ) _! husb&'s ur9e1 9 ord] to /r5g!n ! pa9s4 ,nause\s rem$ies h always enjoy$ ! confid5ce ( ! vulg>2 ?is prejudice w\ld seem to be ! result ( a species ( false reason+1 by no means uncommon1 t z e ?+ m$ic9al is nause\s1 s mu/ e ?+ t is nause\s be consequ5tly m$ic9al4 ,footnote #cj3 ,edw>d ! ,confessor 0 ! fir/ ,engli% k+ :o t\*$ = ! ,evil1 b ! fooli% sup]/ition has be5 wisely laid aside ev] s9ce ! accession ( ! ,h\se ( ,hanov]4 ,footnote #ca3 ,?is sup]/iti\s notion is n conf9$ to ! anci5ts1 b is ev5 *]i%$ at ?is day1 9 "s ( ! m remote di/ricts ( ! k+dom2 & we f9d frequ5t allusions to x 9 ! popul> poetry ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 8,tom ,pots 0 b a s]v+ man1 ,b yet he 0 a doctor good2 ,he b\nd 8 'k]*ief on ! w\nd1 ,& ) "s k9d words he /aun*'d ! blood40 ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 9 8 8,lay ( ! la/ ,m9/rel0-- 8,%e drew ! spl9t] f ! w\nd1 ,& ) a *>m %e /aun*'d ! blood40 ,! read] w also f9d ! enum]ation ( sev]al *>ms = ?is purpose1 9 ,reg9ald ,scot's ,discov]ie ( ,wit*craft1 p4 #bgc4 ,we le>n also f ,s5n]tus1 t ! old] ,surgeons _h rec\rse to pray]s & magic = ! extraction ( =eign bodies f w\nds2 a v int]e/+ summ>y ( _! sup]/itions1 & peculi> notions conc]n+ w\nds1 w be f\nd 9 ?is au?or1 "u ! head1 8,de ,rebus ali5is e vuln]e exim5dis40 ,lib4 v4 ,p>s1 iv4 ,practic ,m$ic94 ,footnote #cb3 ,! read] w f9d ?is subject treat$ m fully 9 ! ,introduction to our "w on 8,,m$ical ,,jurisprud5ce40 ,footnote #cc3 ,see a ,t\r ?r\gh ,engl&1 by ,dr4 ,nemni* ( ,hamburgh4 ,footnote #cd3 ,no/rum1 7our own47 ,?is ^w1 z its orig9al mean+ implies1 is v significant ( ?is *>act]i/ic attribute ( quack]y4 ,see ! note "u ! article #8,liquor ,opii ,s$ativus4' ,footnote #ce3 ,ari/ides 0 ! dupe & victim ( ! ,asclepiades = t5 successive ye>s2 he 0 alt]nately purg$1 vomit$1 & bli/]$2 made to walk b>e-foot$1 "u a burn+ sun 9 summ]1 & 9 w9t] he 0 doom$ to seek = ! return ( heal?1 by ba?+ 8 feeble & emaciat$ body 9 ! riv]4 ,all ?is sev]ity1 he 0 made to believe1 0 ex]cis$ t[>ds him by ! express directions ( ,esculapius himself1 ) :om he 0 p]suad$ to fancy t he conv]s$ 9 8 dreams1 & frequ5tly beheld 9 nocturnal visions4 ,^u "o occasion1 ! god1 fatigu$ ) ! importunities ( 8 vot>y1 ord]$ him to lose #abj lbs4 ( blood2 ! unhappy man n hav+ s mu* 9 8 body1 wisely took ! lib]ty ( int]pret+ ! oracle 9 8 own way1 & p>t$ ) no m ?an he c\ld conv5i5tly sp>e4 ,footnote #cf3 ,z we are "h inve/igat+ ! follies ( ,physic1 x w n be =eign to ! subject to /ate1 t ! above obs]vation may ) z mu* tru? & =ce be appli$ to m$ical writ+s z to m$ical sub/ances4 ,no?+ is m fatal to ! p]man5t success & "* ( an au?or1 ?an ! extravagant & unm]it$ encomiums ( "t-s]v+ review]s4 ,x w\ld be invidi\s to illu/rate ?is tru? by examples1 or we might adduce "s /rik+ in/ances :]e ! inappropriate wrea? has /rangl$ ! object :i* x 0 int5d$ to adorn4 ,x is a matt] ( deep regret t ! ,magnates ( our pr(ession d n comb9e 9 support+ a respectable m$ical ,review4--#8,manus ,apoll9e dignum4' ,footnote #cg3 ,?is !ory is /ill *]i%$ 9 ! pres]vation ( ! =mula = ,pilul ,opiat1 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,ph>macopia4 ,footnote #ch3 ,! practice ( ?is physician does n appe> to h be5 v successful1 if we may cr$it ,juv5al4-- 8,quot ,!mison gros autumno occid]it uno40 ,footnote #ci3 ,see #8,an ,exp]im5tal ,enquiry into ! effects ( ,tonics1 & o!r ,m$ic9es1 on ! cohesion ( ! ,animal fibre4' ,by ,dr4 ,craw=d4 ,footnote #dj3 ,van ,swiet51 9 8 ,comm5t>ies on ! ,v5]eal disease1 has an aphorism f\nd$ on ! same hypo!sis1 #8,r5d] ! blood & lymph m fluid1 & y w h de/roy$ ! virus4' ,sect4 #adgg4 ,9 ! fir/ volume ( ! ,transactions ( ! ,royal ,college ( ,physicians1 !re is a pap] to ! same effect1 entitl$1 #8,on ! ,op]ation ( ,m]cury1 9 diff]5t diseases & con/itutions1 by ,edw>d ,b>ry1 ,m4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4' ,read at ! ,college1 ,july #ac1 #agfg4 ,footnote #da3 ,g5esis ix4 #bc4 ,footnote #db3 ,! animal nature ( ! col\r+ matt] ( ! blood 0 fir/ po9t$ out by ,dr4 ,wells1 b ,f\rcroy & ,vauquel9 consid]$ x to be ow+ to subphosphate ( iron4 ,mr4 ,br&e1 9 #ahab1 demon/rat$ ! fallacy ( ?is op9ion1 & prov$1 by satisfactory exp]im5ts1 its title to be consid]$ z a peculi> animal pr9ciple2 ! subsequ5t exp]im5ts ( ,m4 ,vauquel9 h confirm$ ,mr4 ,br&e's results4 ,footnote #dc3 ,! ,magnet1 or ,load/one1 9 p[d]1 ent]$ also z an +r$i5t 9 sev]al plai/]s1 to draw bullets1 & heads ( arr[s1 out ( ! body1 z 9 ! #8,empla/rum ,div9um ,nicolai1' ! #8,empla/rum ,nigrum' ( ,augsburg1 ! #8,opodeldock' & #8,attractivum1' ( ,p>acelsus1 ) sev]al o!r prep>ations1 to be f\nd 9 ! ,disp5satory ( ,weck]1 & 9 ! practice ( ,s5n]tus4 ,footnote #dd3 ,,pyretologia1 p4 #ag1 ,a4 ,d4 #afib4 ,footnote #de3 ,/urmius1 9 8 #8,febrifugi ,p]uviani ,v9dici1' publi%$ 9 #afeh1 obs]ves t he saw tw5ty doses ( ! p[d] sold at ,brussels = sixty flor9s1 9 ord] to be s5t to ,p>is1 & t he w\ld will+ly h be5 a pur*as] ( "s doses1 ev5 at t price2 b ! ,apo!c>y 0 unable to supply him3 an anecdote n m illu/rative ( ! reputation ( ! b>k1 ?an ( ! hone/y ( ! v5d]4 ,footnote #df3 ,?is produc$ a pamphlet f ,dr4 ,sl>e1 entitl$ #8,a ,v9dication ( ,sug>s aga9/ ! ,*>ge ( ,dr4 ,willis & o!rs3 d$icat$ to ! ,ladies4' #agae4 ,footnote #dg3 ,?is conceit did n escape ! notice ( ! metaphysical poets ( ! sev5te5? c5tury2 ,c[ley frequ5tly avail$ himself ( x to embelli% 8 v]se4 ,footnote #dh3 ,g5esis xxx4 #ad4 ,footnote #di3 ,?is m9]al d]ives its "n f ! anci5t belief t x 0 f\nd 9 ! ne/ ( ! eagle4 ,x is a v>iety ( iron ore4 ,footnote #ej3 #8,*ryso/4 ,magn5i ,ex]cit4 de ,tabaco4' ,footnote #ea3 ,= a fur!r acc\nt ( ?is conceit1 see ,crollius1 9 a "w app5d$ to 8 8,,basilica ,,*ymica10 entitl$1 #8,de ,signaturis int]nis r]um1 seu de v]a et viva ,anatomia majoris et m9oris mundi4' ,footnote #eb3 ,9 v>i\s black-lett] works on ,dmonology we are assur$ t ?ree scruples ( ! a%es ( ! wit*1 :5 %e has be5 well & c>efully burnt at a /ake1 is a sure ,ca?olicon aga9/ all ! evil effects ( ,wit*craft6 ,! popul> au?or ( ,,wav]ley alludes to ?is sup]/ition 9 8 ,,abbot4 ,footnote #ec3 ,mass>ia1 a le>n$ ,pr(essor ( ,pavia 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 absolutely decl>es t he w\ld r err ) ,gal5 ?an be 9 ! "r ) any o!r physician6 ,footnote #ed3 ,?is practice ( ,bi%op ,b]keley has be5 ridicul$ ) great po9t & effect1 9 a pamphlet entitl$ #8,a cure = ! ,epidemical ,madness ( dr9k+ ,t> ,wat]1' by ,mr4 ,reeve2 9 :i*1 address+ ! ,bi%op1 he says1 8?us1 9 y\r y\ng] days1 my ,"l1 y made ! surpris+ discov]y ( ! unreality ( matt]1 & n[ 9 y\r rip] age1 y h und]tak5 to prove ! reality ( a univ]sal rem$y2 an attempt to talk m5 out ( _! reason1 did ( "r1 belong to t au?or :o _h fir/ tri$ to p]suade !m out ( _! s5ses40 ,t> wat] 0 also at "o p]iod consid]$ to possess v consid]able efficacy 9 ,syphylis4 ,footnote #ee3 ,! ,euphrasia ,(fic9alis1 or ,eye-bright1 :i* is indebt$ = its celebrity to ! doctr9e ( ,signatures1 z be=e /at$1 is actually employ$ at ?is "t 9 cases ( dimness ( sight4 ,see a ,pap] ^u ! efficacy ( ?is plant by ,dr4 ,jackson1 9 ! ,london ,m$ical & ,physical ,j\rnal1 vol4 #bc1 p4 #ajd4 ,footnote #ef3 ,its rejection 0 propos$ by ! late ,dr4 ,heb]d51 & ^u ! ,college divid+ on ! "q1 !re 7 f\nd to be ?irte5 votes = reta9+1 & f\rte5 = reject+ x4 ,footnote #eg3 ,?is prep>ation consi/s ( #gb +r$i5ts1 :i* are arrang$ "u #ac heads--viz4 ,,acria1 ( :i* !re are #e species4 ,,am>a1 ( :i* !re are #h4 ,,/yptica vulgo ,,a/r+5tia1 #e 9 numb]4 ,,aromatica ,,exotica1 #ad4 ,,aromatica ,,indig5a1 #aj4 ,,aromatica ,,ex ,,umbellif]is1 #g4 ,,res9osa ,,et ,,balsama1 #h4 ,,grave-,,ol5tia1 #f4 ,,virosa1 seu qu ,n>cos9 inducunt1 "u :i* head !re is b "o species1 viz4 ,opium4 ,,t]rea ,,insipida ,,et ,,in]tia2 ?is comprises only ! ,lemnian ,e>?4 ,,gummosa1 ,,amylacea1 c4 #d species4 ,,dulcia1 liquorice & honey4 ,,v9um1 ,spani%4 ,^u no pr9ciple ( comb9ation c ?is het]og5e\s f>rago be v9dicat$4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 enjoy$ ! confid5ce ( physicians = _m ages1 & is !re=e entitl$ to "s notice4 ,x 0 suppos$ to h be5 inv5t$ by ,mi?ridates1 ! fam\s k+ ( ,pontus1 ! receipt = :i* 0 said to h be5 f\nd among 8 pap]s aft] 8 defeat by ,pompey1 at :i* "t x 0 publi%$ 9 ,rome "u ! title ( #8,antidotum ,mi?ridatum2' b ! probability is1 says ,dr4 ,heb]d51 t ,mi?ridates 0 z mu* a /rang] to 8 own antidote z sev]al em95t physicians h s9ce be5 to ! m$ic9es t are daily adv]tis$ "u _! names4 ,x 0 ass]t$1 t :oev] took a prop] quantity 9 ! morn+1 0 insur$ f poison dur+ ! :ole ( t day1 7,gal5 de ,antidot4 ,lib4 #a47 & x 0 fur!r /at$1 t ,mi?ridates himself 0 s =tifi$ aga9/ all baneful drugs1 t none w\ld produce any effect :5 he attempt$ to de/roy himself4 7,celsus1 lib4 #e4 c4 #bc47 ,9 ! c\rse ( ages x has und]gone num]\s alt]ations4 ,accord+ to ,celsus1 :o fir/ describ$ x1 x conta9$ only #ce simples2 ,&roma*us1 ,physician to ,n]o1 add$ vip]s1 & increas$ ! numb] ( +r$i5ts to #ge2 & :5 ?us re=m$1 he call$ x --b 9 ,trajan's "t x obta9$ ! "n ( ,!riaca1 ei!r f ! vip]s 9 x1 or f its suppos$ effect 9 cur+ ! bites ( v5om\s animals4 ,damocrates gave a receipt = x 9 ,greek ,iambics1 :i* has be5 pres]v$ by ,gal54 ,x appe>s !n t its composition has h>dly rema9$ ! same = a hundr$ ye>s2 x is1 says ,dr4 ,heb]d51 a f>rago1 t has no bett] title to ! "n ( ,mi?ridates ?an1 z x s well resembles1 ! num]\s undiscipl9$ =ces ( a b>b>\s k+1 made up ( a dissonant cr[d collect$ f diff]5t c\ntries1 mighty 9 appe>ance1 b 9 reality1 an ineffective multitude1 t only h9d] ea* o!r4 ,,antiopiaka1 by ,w4 ,heb]d51 ,m4 ,d4 #agde4 ,footnote #eh3 ,! consumption ( ,tea has greatly increas$ 9 ,engl& dur+ ! la/ ?irty ye>s4 ,9 #aghg ! total am\nt$ to sixte5 millions ( p\nds1 :]eas 9 #ahba1 x exce$$ tw5ty-two millions4 ,footnote #ei3 ,h]n&ez de ,tol$o s5t ?is plant into ,spa9 & ,portugal 9 #aeei1 :5 ,jean ,nicot 0 ,ambassador at ! ,c\rt ( ,lisbon f ,francis ,,ii1 & he transmitt$1 or c>ri$ ei!r ! se$1 or ! plant to ,ca!r9e de ,m$icis3 x 0 !n consid]$ z "o ( ! wond]s ( ! new _w1 & 0 suppos$ to possess v extraord9>y virtues2 ?is seems to be ! fir/ au!ntic record ( ! introduction ( ?is plant into ,europe4 ,9 #aehi ! ,c>d9al ,santa ,croce1 return+ f 8 nunciature 9 ,spa9 & ,portugal to ,italy1 c>ri$ ?i!r ) him ,tobacco1 & we may =m "s notion ( ! en?usiasm ) :i* its introduction 0 hail$1 f a p]usal ( ! poetry :i* ! subject inspir$2 ! poets comp>e ! exploit ( ! holy ,c>d9al ) t ( 8 prog5itor :o br\ght home ! wood ( ! true cross4 ---------------------------------------- 8,h]b ( immortal fame6 ,:i* hi!r fir/ ) ,santa ,croce came1 ,:5 he1 8 "t ( nunciature expir$1 ,back f ! ,c\rt ( ,portugal retir$2 ,ev5 z 8 pr$ecessors1 great & good ,br\ght home ! cross40---- ,9 ,engl&1 x is said t ! smok+ ,tobacco 0 fir/ introduc$ by ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh on 8 return f ,am]ica4 ,james ! ,fir/ wrote a philippic aga9/ x1 entitl$ a 8,,c\nt]bla/e ,,to ,,tobacco10 9 :i* ! royal au?or1 ) m prejudice ?an dignity1 in=ms 8 lov+ subjects t #8x is a cu/ome loa?some to ! eye1 hatefull to ! nose1 h>mefull to ! bra9e1 dang]\s to ! lungs2 & 9 ! blacke /9k+ fume !re(1 ne]e/ resembl+ ! horrible ,/igian smoake ( ! pit t is bottomlesse4' ,9 #afjd ?is mon>* endeav\r$ by means ( heavy impo/s to aboli% its use 9 ?is c\ntry1 & 9 #afai he comm&$ t no plant] 9 ,virg9ia %\ld cultivate m ?an #ajj lbs4 ,x mu/ be confess$ t "s legislative enactm5t 0 necess>y at ?is p]iod = re/rict+ ! cu/om ( smok+ ,tobacco2 = we are told 9 ! ,c\nt]bla/e1 t _m p]sons exp5d$ z mu* z five hundr$ p\nds p] annum 9 ! pur*ase ( ?is article1 :i* 9 ^? days 0 an enorm\s am\nt4 ,9 #afbd ,pope ,urban ! ,v,i,i,ith publi%$ a decree ( excommunication aga9/ all :o took snuff 9 ! *ur*4 ,t5 ye>s aft] ?is1 smok+ 0 =bidd5 9 ,russia1 "u ! pa9 ( hav+ ! nose cut (f2 9 #afec ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,canton ( ,app5zel cit$ smok]s be=e !m1 :om !y puni%$1 & !y ord]$ all innkeep]s to in=m aga9/ su* z 7 f\nd smok+ 9 _! h\ses4 ,! police regulations ( ,b]n made 9 #affa 0 divid$ accord+ to ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 9 :i* ! prohibition ( smok+ /&s imm$iately b5ea? ! comm& aga9/ adult]y2 ?is prohibition 0 r5ew$ 9 #afge1 & ! ,tribunal in/itut$ to put x into execution--viz42 ,,*ambre ,,au ,,tabac--cont9u$ to ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,pope ,innoc5t ! ,x,i,ith1 9 #afij excommunicat$ all ^? :o 7 f\nd tak+ snuff or tobacco 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,pet] at ,rome2 ev5 s late z #agai ! ,s5ate ( ,/rasburgh prohibit$ ! cultivation ( ,tobacco f an appreh5sion t x w\ld dim9i% ! gr[? ( corn2 ,amura? ! ,i,vth publi%$ an edict :i* made smok+ ,tobacco a capital (f5ce2 ?is 0 f\nd$ on an op9ion t x r5d]$ ! p inf]tile4 ,^? :o are curi\s to le>n m ( ! hi/ory ( ?is extraord9>y plant1 ,i beg to ref] to a v int]e/+ pap] by #8,m$icus1' 9 ! #bd? volume ( ! #8,london ,m$ical & ,physical ,j\rnal1' page #dde4 ,footnote #fj3 ,:at o!r discov]y or inv5tion ev] produc$ su* political consequ5ces z ! introduction ( ! ,potatoe z an article ( food8 ,f its op]ation z ! ma9 con/itu5t ( national su/5ance ! population ( ,irel& has advanc$ f little m ?an "o million to ne> sev5 millions1 )9 ! la/ c5tury & a half6 ,footnote #fa3 ,m$4 ,trans4 ( ! ,college ( ,physicians1 vol4 vi4 p4 #ib4 ,footnote #fb3 ,t ! w>m & n ! cold ba? 0 e/eem$ by ! anci5t ,greeks1 = its invigorat+ prop]ties may be inf]r$ f a dialogue ( ,ari/ophanes1 9 :i* "o ( ! *>act]s says1 #8,i ?9k none ( ! sons ( ! gods ev] exce$$ ,h]cules 9 bodily & m5tal =ce1'--^u :i* ! o!r asks #8,:]e did/ ?\ ev] see a cold ba? d$icat$ to ,h]cules8' ,footnote #fc3 ,! prohibition ( ! ba? 0 numb]$ among/ ! mortifications to :i* c]ta9 prie/esses 9 ,greece 7 b\nd by ! rigid rules ( _! ord]4 ,footnote #fd3 ,t4 ,b>?ol9i ,hi/4 ,anat4 et ,m$4 c5t v4 ,hafni4 ,m$4 ,transactions1 vol4 #c1 p4 #agg4 ,footnote #fe3 ,,madame ,,n\ffleur',s ,,receipt is z foll[s4 ,?ree dra*ms ( ! root ( ! ,male ,f]n1 r$uc$ to a f9e p[d]1 & mix$ ) wat]--?is con/itutes "o dose4 ,two h\rs aft] tak+ ! p[d]1 a bolus ( ,calomel1 ,scammony1 & ,gamboge1 is to be adm9i/]$4 ,footnote #ff3 ,,duke ,,( ,,portl&',s ,,p[d] ,,= ,,! ,,g\t4--,equal quantities ( ! roots ( ,g5tian1 & ,bir?wort 7,ari/olo*ia rotunda7 ! tops & leaves ( ,g]m&] 7*amdrys7 ,gr\nd ,p9e 7,*ampitys7 & less] ,c5taury1 7,*ironea ,c5taurium7 p[d]$ & mix$ toge!r4--,z ?is is a comb9ation ( bitt]s1 x might1 )\t d\bt1 be s]viceable 9 c]ta9 cases ( ,g\t4 ,footnote #fg3 ,?is m$ic9e 0 br\ght into vogue by ,m4 ,husson1 a milit>y (fic] 9 ! s]vice ( ,france1 ab\t fifty ye>s ago4 ,footnote #fh3 ,s popul> 0 ?is plant t x acquir$ ! title ( #8,anima articulorum4' ,x =m$ ! basis ( ! ,dia ,articulorum1 ! ,pulvis ,ar?riticus ,turn]i1 & ! ,vi5na ,g\t ,decoction4 ,footnote #fi3 ,alex&]'s ,prescription consi/$ ( ,h]modactyllus1 ,g+]1 ,pepp]1 ,cumm9 se$1 ,anise$1 & ,scammony2 :i*1 says he1 w enable ^? :o take x to walk imm$iately4 ,footnote #gj3 8,magi/]ium ,opii fit solv5do ,opium 9 aceto1 et prcipit&o cum sale t>t>i4----0 ,footnote #ga3 ,?is 0 ! fav\rite rem$y ( ,dr4 ,&rew ,boorde1 :o practis$ physic 9 ,hamp%ire1 & 9 8 "w pr9t$ 9 ! black lett] 9 ,london1 entitl$ a #8,brevi>ie ( ,heal?1' he advises = a too?-a*e dep5d+ ^u worms1 #8a c&ell ( waxe ) ,h5bane se$s1 :i* mu/ be light$ s t ! p]fume ( ! c&ell d ent] into ! too?4' ,?is said ,dr4 ,&rew ,boorde is too important a p]sonage to be pass$ ov] )\t "s f>!r notice 9 ?is place1 be+ no less ?an ! ,f\nd] ( t dignifi$ class ( ! m$ical frat]nity1 bett] kn[n by ! "n ( ,m]ry ,&rews4 ,dr4 ,&rew ,boorde liv$ 9 ! reigns ( ,h5ry ,,viii1 ,edw>d ,,vi1 & ,que5 ,m>y1 & 0 9 ! con/ant habit ( frequ5t+ fairs & m>kets1 at :i* he h>angu$ ! populace publicly3 8 spee*es 7 extremely hum\r\s & occasion$ consid]able mir?2 8 successors 9 ?is same l9e naturally endeav\r$ to imitate 8 bright example1 & h5ce ?is class ( it9]ant quacks obta9$ ! g5]ic appellation ( ,,m]ry ,,&rews4 ,s9ce ! humiliat+ triumph ( ,quack]y display$ at ! ,freemason's tav]n1 "u ! presid5cy ( ! memb] = ,cov5try1 & m rec5tly at ,m>gate1 !re is reason to believe t ?is class ( it9]ant m\ntebanks w assume a new & m dignifi$ appellation1 & t 9 commemoration ( ! s]vices ( _! philosophical presid5t1 ! wor?y memb] above /at$1 !y w 9 future be designat$ by ! "n ( ,,rant+ ,,pet]s4 ,footnote #gb3 ,i h be5 lately mu* amus$ ) ! lucubrations ( a classical fri5d1 :o by way ( ca/+ ridicule ^u su* rese>*es1 und]takes to prove to my satisfaction t ,,w>r5',s ,,black+ is no o!r ?an ! 8,black fl[+ ,spl5d\r10 describ$ 9 ! ,hecuba ( ,euripides4 ,footnote #gc3 ,?is species ( delusion1 f mi/ak+ ! ,po/ hoc1 = ! ,propt] hoc1 always rem9ds me ( ! /ory ( ! ,flor5t9e ,quack1 :o gave ! c\ntryman six pills :i* 7 to enable him to discov] 8 lo/ ,ass1--! pills beg9n+ to op]ate on 8 road home1 oblig$ him to retire into a wood1 :]e he f\nd 8 ass4 ,! cl[n soon spread a report ( ! wond]ful success ( ! empiric1 :o 9 consequ5ce1 no d\bt1 reap$ an ample rew>d f ! proprietors ( /ray$ cattle4 ,footnote #gd3 ,! grant ( #ejjj to ,joanna ,/eph5s1 = h] discov]y ( c]ta9 m$ic9es = ! cure ( ! ,/one1 is notifi$ 9 ! ,london ,gazette ( ,june1 ,a4 ,d4 #agci4 ,see ,liquor ,calcis4 ,footnote #ge3 ,wesley's ,j\rnal1 vol4 xxix4 #bij-bic4 ,footnote #gf3 ,soon aft] ! inv5tion ( ! art ( ,pr9t+1 ! works ( ,dioscorides1 ,!ophra/us1 & ,pl9y1 7 publi%$ 9 v>i\s =ms1 & ,comm5tators sw>m$ l locu/s4 ,! eag]ness ) :i* ?is bran* ( k 0 cultivat$ may be conceiv$1 :5 x is /at$ t ! ,comm5t>y ( ,mat?iolus on ,dioscorides1 :i* 0 fir/ pr9t$ 9 #aeed1 pass$ ?r\gh sev5te5 editions1 & t #cb1jjj copies _h be5 sold be=e ! ye> #aefa2 & he tells u 9 ?is "w1 t he receiv$ 9 its execution ! assi/ance & rew>d ( ,emp]ors1--,k+s1--,electors ( ! ,roman ,empire1--,ar*-dukes1--,c>d9als1--,bi%op s1--,dukes1 & ,pr9ces1 #8:i*1' says he1 #8gives great] cr$it to our lab\rs ?an any ?+ t c\ld be said4' ,9 v _m cases1 h[ev]1 says ,dr4 ,pultney1 #8?is le>n$ ,comm5tator mi/ook ! road to tru?1 & did b p]plex ! sci5ce he s indu/ri\sly lab\r$ to enlight54' ,footnote #gg3 ,turn]1 ! fa!r ( ,engli% ,botany1 0 ( op9ion1 t x 0 ! ,polygonum ,bi/orta2 ,munt+1 a ,dut* physician1 t x 0 ! ,hydrolapa?um ,magnum1 or ,rumex ,aquaticus or ,great ,wat] ,dock1 an op9ion :i* receiv$ ! sanction ( ,ray4 ,o!rs h suppos$ x to h be5 ,polygonum ,p]sic>ia1 & "s h consid]$ x z ! ,primula ,auricula4 ,?is "o example is adduc$ to %ew ! mortify+ unc]ta9ty t involves ! hi/ory ( anci5t plants4 ,footnote #gh3 ,meade ?9ks t ! ,a!nian poison 0 a comb9ation ( active sub/ances1--p]haps t describ$ by ,!ophra/us z ! inv5tion ( ,?rasyas1 :i*1 x 0 said1 w\ld cause dea? )\t pa91 & into :i* ,cicuta & ,poppy ent]$ z +r$i5ts4 ,footnote #gi3 8,v]b5asque adole p+ues1 et ,mascula ,?ura40--,virg4 ,eclog4 viii4 8,ex ,ara hac sume ,v]b5as tibi40--,t]5t4 ,&ria4 8ara ca/is v9cta ,v]b5is40----,hor4 ,od4 xi4 ,lib4 iv4 ,x is a curi\s fact t 9 ,tuscany ! ^w ,v]v5a is appli$ to d5ote any k9d ( slips1 %oots1 suck]s1 or bundles ( plants1 at ?is v day4 ,footnote #hj3 ,,amlyum1 ! ,/>* ( :eat1 orig9ally d5ot$ a p[d] t 0 obta9$ )\t ! application ( a mill1 f 1 n1 & 1 a mill2 ?us ,dioscorides 8 0--i4 e4 because x is prep>$ )\t a mill4 ,footnote #ha3 ,g]>d 9 8 ,h]bal 7#aeig7 d5om9ates x1 by way ( di/9ction1 ,potatoe ( ,virg9ia1 & he recomm5ds x to be eat5 z a delicate di%1 n z common food2 inde$ "s "t elaps$ aft] its introduction be=e x became g5]al1 & x 0 cultivat$ z an article ( diet 9 ,irel& sev]al ye>s be=e x 0 common 9 ,engl&4 ,footnote #hb3 ,! inhalation ( ! fumes ( ,orpim5t is a practice attribut$ to ,gal52 & "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ( 8 disciples1 ,rhazes1 recomm5ds x to be inhal$ by consumptive pati5ts1 9 comb9ation ) /imulant & res9\s sub/ances1 su* z ,/orax1 ,myrrh1 ,galbanum1 & ,ari/olo*ia root4 ,b5net recomm5ds ! same practice 9 su* cases4 ,willis in=ms u t a simil> cu/om prevail$ among c]ta9 empirics ( 8 day1 & ass]ts t !y took su* pieces ( c>pet z 7 dy$ ) ,orpim5t1 & hav+ cut !m into small pieces1 expos$ !m to heat1 &1 by means ( an inv]t$ funnel1 made ! pati5ts inhale ! vap\r4 ,sir ,alex&] ,cri*ton seems dispos$ to believe t su* applications might prove useful by *ang+ ! action ( any ulc] to :i* !y 7 appli$4 ,footnote #hc3 ,calomel4--,!re is "s d\bt respect+ ! orig9al mean+ ( ?is ^w1 x lit]ally signifies1 fair1 black1 1 4 ,sir ,!odore ,may]ne is said to h giv5 ! "n to x1 9 consequ5ce ( 8 hav+ _h a fav\rite black s]vant :o prep>$ x2 b is x n m probable1 t its "n 0 d]iv$ f ! *ange ( col\r :i* x und]goes f black to :ite1 dur+ its prep>ation8 ,ano!r explanation has be5 also giv51 viz4 qud nigro humori sit bonum--a good 77 rem$y = black 77 bile4 ,?is ,!ory d]ives mu* support f ! black appe>ance ( ! /ools1 :i* is usually produc$ by ! use ( ,calomel1 & :i* 0 errone\sly attribut$ to ! se>*+ & efficaci\s nature ( ! purgative4 ,! ,calomel ( ,riv]ius 0 a comp\nd ( ,hydr>gyri ,sub-muriat3 j & ,scammone gr4 vij1 & ,mr4 ,gray ?9ks t ! t]m ,calomel 0 fir/ appli$ to ?is rem$y1 z be+ a mixture ( a :ite & d>k col\r$ p[d]4 ,footnote #hd3 ,= fur!r in=mation ^u ?is subject ! read] may consult my "w on 8! ,elem5ts ( ,m$ical ,*emi/ry40 ,footnote #he3 ,dr4 ,blair ?9ks t ! anci5ts 7 l$ 9 _m in/ances by ! comp>ison ( habit1 to ascribe simil> virtues to plants2 !re does n h[ev] appe> to be a trace ( :at may be call$ ,sy/em1 9 ! writ+s ( ,!ophra/us1 ,dioscorides1 or ,pl9y4 ,csalp9us 0 ! fa!r ( botanical sy/em1 & he 0 probably ! fir/ :o sugge/$ ! idea t ! virtues ( plants 7 discov]able by _! /ructure & alliance to ea* o!r4 ,9 8 preface to 8 "w1 8,de ,plantis10 he says #8,qu enim g5]is societate junguntur1 pl]umque et similes possid5t facultates4' ,?is idea 0 pursu$ by ,petiv]1 an apo!c>y 9 ! city ( ,london1 a "n well kn[n 9 ! annals ( ,botany2 !re is a pap] by him on ?is subject1 9 ! #ba/ volume ( ! ,philosophical ,transactions1 entitl$1 8,"s attempts to prove t h]bs ( ! same make & class1 = ! g5]ality1 h ! l ,v]tue1 & ,t5d5cy to "w ! same ,effects40 ,dr4 ,murray has adopt$ an arrangem5t f\nd$ ^u natural "* 9 8 celebrat$ "w entitl$1 8,app>atus ,m$icam9um04 ,footnote #hf3 ,russell's ,nat4 ,hi/4 ( ,aleppo4 ,footnote #hg3 ,! /ud5t w f9d an int]e/+ diss]tation ^u ?is subject 9 a late "w1 entitl$ 8,l',hi/oire ,naturelle des ,m$icam5s40 ,p> ,j4 ,j4 ,virey1 #ahbj4 ,footnote #hh3 ,"l ,bacon attributes ! op]ation ( purgatives to ?ree causes1 viz4 #a4 to extreme bitt]ness1 z 9 ,aloes1 #b4 to loa?som5ess & horrible ta/e1 z 9 ,ag>ic & black ,hellebore1 & #c4 to a secret malignity1 z 9 ,antimony1 c4 ,footnote #hi3 ,?is might be illu/rat$ by ! recital ( num]\s fallacies to :i* our mo/ simple p]ceptions are expos$ f ! p[]s ( association1 b ,i w relate an anecdote1 :i* to my m9d elucidates ! nature & ext5t ( su* fallacies m /rik+ly ?an any example :i* c\ld be adduc$4 ,%ortly aft] ,sir ,humphry ,davy _h succe$$ 9 decompos+ ! fix$ alkalies1 a portion ( ,potassium 0 plac$ 9 ! h&s ( "o ( our mo/ di/+ui%$ *emi/s1 ) a qu]y z to its nature8 ! philosoph] obs]v+ its aspect & spl5d\r1 did n hesitate 9 pron\nc+ x to be metallic1 & unit+ at once ! idea ( weight ) t ( metal1 ! evid5ce ( 8 s5ses 0 ev5 insuffici5t to dissev] ideas s insep>ably associat$ 9 8 m9d1 &1 balanc+ ! specim5 on 8 f+]s1 he exclaim$1 8x is c]ta9ly metallic1 & v pond]\s80 ,n[ ?is anecdote is n relat$ 9 disp>agem5t to ! philosoph] 9 "q4 ,:o c\ld h be5 prep>$ to meet ) a sub/ance1 s novel & anomal\s z to ov]turn e preconceiv$ notion8--,a ,,metal ,,s ,,light ,,z ,,to ,,swim ,,^u ,,wat]1 ,,& ,,s ,,inflammable ,,z ,,to ,,cat* ,,fire ,,by ,,! ,,contact ,,( ,,ice6 ,footnote #ij3 ,virey1 8,essai d',hi/oire ,naturelle et ,physicolog3 sur la p]fectibilit de l'homme40 ,footnote #ia3 ,second ,voyage ( ,capta9 ,cook1 vol4 #d4 ,footnote #ib3 ,! cause ( ! gre5 col\r ( oy/]s is sometimes an op]ation ( nature1 b x is m g5]ally produc$ by art1 by plac+ !m 9 situations :]e !re is a gre5 deposit f ! sea1 :i* appe>s to consi/ ( ! vegetat+ g]ms ( m>9e ,conf]v & ,fuci1 & :i* imp>t _! col\r to ! oy/]s4 ,= ?is object ! ,dut* =m]ly took oy/]s f b$s on our coa/s1 & deposit$ !m on _! own4 ,native oy/]s transport$ into ! ,col*e/] b$s soon assume a gre5 col\r4 ,x is unnecess>y to refute ! popul> error :i* attribut$ ?is *ange ( col\r to ! op]ation ( copp]4 ,footnote #ic3 ,we mu/ admit t "s ( ^! allegories are too obvi\s to be mi/ak54 ,hom] attributes ! plague t prevail$ 9 ! ,grecian camp to ! d>ts ( ,apollo2 :at 0 meant by ?is1 b t x arose f ! action ( a burn+ sun1 ^u ! m>%es & slimy %ores ( ,troas8 & :at1 aga91 c be m obvi\s ?an ! allegory by :i* ,e*o is made ! daught] ( air & e>?8 ,footnote #id3 ,bacon's works1 vol4 #e1 p4 #dgj4 #d? ,edit4 ,london1 #aggh4 ,footnote #ie3 ,leslie's ,elem5ts ( ,natural ,philosophy4 ,footnote #if3 ,virg4 ,georg4 iv4 #cib-djb4 ,footnote #ig3 ,dioscorides & ,pl9y describe a process1 :i* may be consid]$ t ( di/illation 9 its infancy2 x consi/s 9 obta9+ oil f pit*1 by spread+ ov] x :ile boil+1 fleeces ( wool1 :i* receive ! vap\r & aft]w>ds yield x by expression4 ,9 ?is c\ntry ! art ( di/illation 0 unkn[n at ! "t :5 ! ,romans _h possession ( x4 ,x is said to h be5 introduc$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ,,h5ry ,,ii4 ,footnote #ih3 ,x 0 de/roy$ 9 ! six? c5tury1 by ! ,,caliph ,,om>1 ! cotempor>y & companion ( ,mahomet4 ,footnote #ii3 ,! ,s>ac5s1 9 _! treaty ) ! ,greek ,emp]ors1 dem&$1 by express articles1 ! works ( ! anci5ts4 ,footnote #ajj3 ,g>cias z well z ,ge(froy & ,hill say t tius m5tions camphor1 b x _c be f\nd1 z ,dr4 ,al/on has obs]v$1 9 t1 or 9 any o!r ,greek au?or4 ,!re is a ,camphor h]ba 9 ,myrepsus2 b ?is is evid5tly a diff]5t ?+4 ,footnote #aja3 ,! ,records ( ,physic1 if ,i am n deceiv$1 w af=d num]\s in/ances ( simil> error1 f mi/ak+ figurative expressions = lit]al tru?s4 ,a k ( ?is species ( fallacy w expla9 ! orig9 ( sev]al v extraord9>y receipts4 ,i %all select ! foll[+ in/ance1 by way ( illu/ration4 ,9 _m ( ! anci5t works on ,physic1 we f9d ! blood ( ! goat extoll$ = its efficacy 9 dissolv+ /ones1 &1 f ?is suppos$ li?ontriptic virtue1 x =ms ! pr9cipal +r$i5t ( ! ,,p[d] ,,( ,,nicolaus1 & ( ! ,,electu>y ,,( ,,! ,,que5 ,,( ,,cole94 ,! expression :i* gave orig9 to ?is belief 0 evid5tly allegorical1 signify+ t ! blood ( ! goat1 by :i* our ,savi\r 0 typifi$1 0 capable ( s(t5+ ! /ony he>ts ( 8 enemies1 or1 accord+ to o!rs1 t by 8 influ5ce1 ! /ony rocks1 & veil ( ! temple 7 %att]d4 ,br[ne's ,vulg> ,errors4 ,footnote #ajb3 ,silv]1 ,m]cury1 ,copp]1 ,iron1 ,t91 ,lead4 ,footnote #ajc3 ,agricola de vet]ibus et novis metallis3 ,lib4 #a4 ,footnote #ajd3 #b ,k+s1 *ap4 ix4 v]se #cj4 ,footnote #aje3 ,x has be5 already /at$1 t we are indebt$ to an ,indian = ! discov]y ( ,b>k1 & x n[ appe>s we d]iv$ our k ( ,m]cury to ! wilde/ ( ! al*emi/s4 ,may x n !n be said t we are indebt$ to a savage1 & a madman1 = two ( our mo/ p[]ful rem$ies8 ,footnote #ajf3 ,erasmus1 ! fri5d1 ! correspond5t1 & ! pati5t ( our own ,l9acre6 ,_h n mod]n times1 says ,sir ,george ,bak]1 furni%$ simil> in/ances1 x w\ld h be5 a matt] ( a/oni%m5t to u to h he>d t ,erasmus %\ld h des]t$ an accompli%$ physician :om he s greatly extols 9 8 ,epi/les1 9 ord] to consult s wild & illit]ate an en?usia/ z ,p>acelsus4 ,footnote #ajg3 ,p>acelsus ma9ta9$ t ! human body is compos$ ( salt1 sulphur1 & m]cury1 & t 9 ^! 8?ree fir/ sub/ances10 z he calls !m1 heal? & disease consi/3 t ! m]cury1 9 proportion to its volatility1 produces tremors1 mortifications 9 ! ligam5ts1 madness1 phr5sy1 & delirium1 & t fev]s1 phlegmons1 & ! jaundice1 are ! (fspr+ ( ! sulphure\s pr9ciple1 :ile he suppos$ t ! *olic1 /one1 gravel1 g\t1 & sciatica d]ive _! orig9 f salt4 ,footnote #ajh3 ,among/ ! writ]s engag$ 9 ?is conte/1 no "o 0 m animat$ ) p>ty _s ?an ,,guy ,,pat91 :o 0 pr(use 9 8 p]sonalities aga9/ ^? :o def5d$ ! use ( ,antimony2 he drew up a long regi/] ( ! unsuccessful cases 9 :i* ?is m$ic9e _h be5 employ$1 :i* he publi%$ "u ! title ( 8,,antimonial ,,m>tyrology40 ,footnote #aji3 ,9 ! ye> #afdd ,s*ro$] publi%$ a ,*emico-m$ical ,ph>macopia1 :i* del9eates ) accuracy ! ph>macy ( ^! times1 & enum]ates almo/ all ! *emical m$ic9es t 7 kn[n t[>ds ! close ( ?is p]iod4 ,footnote #aaj3 ,! ,disp5satories ( ,london & ,ed9burgh1 ! =m] by ,mr4 ,a4 ,t4 ,?omson1 & ! latt] by ,dr4 ,duncan1 are works :i* reflect cr$it on ! age & c\ntry 9 :i* !y 7 writt54 ,footnote #aaa3 ,! fir/ ,ph>macopia 0 publi%$ at ,nuremburg1 "u ! sanction ( its ,s5ate1 9 ! ye> #aedb2 = ?is important act we are indebt$ to ,val]ius ,cordus1 a "y /ud5t1 :o dur+ a transi5t visit at t place1 accid5tally produc$ a collection ( m$ical receipts :i* he _h select$ f ! works ( ! mo/ e/eem$ writ]s1 & ) :i* ! physicians ( ,nuremburg 7 s highly pleas$ t !y urg$ him to pr9t x = ! b5efit ( ! apo!c>ies1 & obta9$ ! sanction ( ! ,s5ate to ! und]tak+2 s casual 0 ! circum/ance to :i* we owe ! in/itution ( ,ph>macopias4 ,! ,london ,college 7 among ! la/ to frame a /&>d ,code ( ,m$ic9es2 mo/ cities 9 ,europe hav+ anticipat$ u 9 ! p]=mance ( ?is task2 our fir/ ,ph>macopia 0 n publi%$ until ! reign ( ,james ! fir/1 ,a4 ,d4 #afah1 exactly a c5tury aft] ! ,college _h receiv$ _! ,*>t] f ,h5ry4 ,successive editions appe>$ 9 ! foll[+ ye>s1 viz4 9 #afej2 #afgg2 #agba2 #agdf2 #aghg2 #ahji4 ,footnote #aab3 ,:at w\ld be ! surprise & gratification ( ! ,ph>maceuti/ :o liv$ a hundr$ ye>s ago1 if he c\ld n[ visit ,apo!c>ies ,hall8 ! application ( /eam = ! v>i\s purposes ( ph>macy1 & = actuat+ ma*9]y1 = levigation1 trituration1 & o!r me*anical purposes1 is no less useful1 9 ensur+ uni=m results1 ?an x is 9 abridg+ lab\r & economis+ "t4 ,! greate/ cr$it is due to ! g5tlem5 "u ^: guidance ?is national laboratory is conduct$1 & m especially to _! wor?y & public spirit$ ,treasur]1 ,william ,simons1 ,esq4 ^: zeal & lib]ality sugge/$ & promot$ ! fitt+ up ( ! ,/eam ,laboratory1 z well z ! +5i\s ma*9e = triturat+ m]cury ) l>d1 or cons]ve4 ,footnote #aac3 ,s9ce ! publication ( ! la/ edition ( ?is "w1 ,mr4 ,ar*deacon ,wolla/on has paid ! debt ( nature2 8 "n w be *]i%$ 9 grateful remembrance by ^? :o _h ! good =tune to h be5 8 pupils2 z "o ( t numb] ,i w v5ture to say1 t !re nev] exi/$ a lectur] on ,exp]im5tal philosophy1 :o 0 m em95tly gift$ ) ^? qualifications1 ^u :i* ! success ( a public tea*] mu/ dep5d4 ,he possess$ a peculi> me?od ( demon/ration1 a s+ul> vivacity 9 ! mann] ( conduct+ ! exp]im5ts1 & ( keep+ awake ! att5tion ( 8 auditors dur+ _! progress2 :ile ^? details ( manipulation :i* w\ld h prov$1 9 o!r h&s1 a s\rce ( t$ium1 he conv]t$ into subjects ( ! mo/ lively int]e/4 ,footnote #aad3 ,! ,*emical ,laboratory at ,cambridge has produc$ "s valuable discov]ies4 ,ex p$e ,h]culem1 let me rem9d ! *emi/ ( ! =mation ( ,nitr\s ,acid1 by pass+ a curr5t ( ammoniacal gas ?r\gh ! heat$ ,oxyd ( ,manganese1 = :i* we are indebt$ to ,dr4 ,miln]4 ,i m5tion x m]ely z a :imsical circum/ance1 t ! greate/ degree ( cold ev] produc$1 0 effect$ at ,ox=d1 & ! highe/ temp]ature1 lately1 at ,cambridge4 ,! rese>*es ( ,dr4 ,cl>k are highly int]e/+ & important1 a succ9ct acc\nt ( :i* has be5 publi%$ 9 a small "w1 entitl$1 8,! ,gas ,bl[pipe1 or ! ,art ( ,fusion1 by burn+ ! ,gase\s con/itu5ts ( ,wat]40 ,footnote #aae3 ,^! views h prevail$ ^u ! ,committee ( ! ,college1 & !y h accord+ly re/or$ ! ,soap to ! =mula1 9 ! pres5t edition ( ! ,ph>macopia2 s t ! above objection no long] exi/s4 ,footnote #aaf3 ,! only *emical ph5om5on :i* 9 any mann] resembles ?is1 appe>s to be t ( ! rapid acetification ( milk1 & o!r fluids1 by ! ag5cy ( a ?und] /orm4 ,footnote #aag3 ,?is practice 0 introduc$ into ,france by ,segu91 into ,italy by ,c\tic9i1 & into ,g]many by ,bis*(f4 ,footnote #aah3 ,a v +5i\s ,diss]tation has be5 lately publi%$ by ,m4 ,virey1 on ! #8,deg5]ation ( ,plants 9 =eign soils1' :i* he says may dep5d ^u #a1 ,climate & ,/ation2 #b1 ,nutrim5t2 #c1 ,culture2 #d1 ,factiti\s ,mutilation2 #e1 ,hybrid ,g5]ation4 ,footnote #aai3 ,wom5 dur+ ! p]iod ( ge/ation frequ5tly exp]i5ce su* an increas$ irritability z to be affect$ ev5 9 ,engl& by v>i\s od\rs1 :i* at o!r times w\ld produce no extraord9>y impression4 ,footnote #abj3 ,?is plant 0 fir/ describ$ by ,gmel9 9 8 ,flora ,sib]ica1 iv4 #aba4 ,x has obta9$ a place 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,ph>macopia4 ,besides ! effects /at$ by ,dr4 ,halliday1 x is said by diff]5t au?ors to excite a peculi> creep+ s5sation 9 ! pa9$ "p4 ,footnote #aba3 ,j\rnal ,complem5taire du ,dict4 des ,sci5ces ,m$icales1 tom4 ,,ii4 ,footnote #abb3 ,dr4 ,murett 9 8 8,%ort view ( ,frauds & ,abuses10 7,a4 ,d4 #affi7 *>ges ! ,apo!c>y ) 8falsify+ ,m$ic9es20 8,!y %ew$ ! ,c5sors10 says he1 8,myrtles leaves = ,s5na2 a ,b9d] = a ,purg]2 ,mu%rooms rubb$ ov] ) *alk = ,ag>ic2 ,hemlock = ,pony2 ,%eep's lungs = ,fox's lungs2 & ! bone ( an ,ox's he>t1 = t ( a ,/ag's he>t40 ,footnote #abc3 ,! editors ( ! ,am]ican ,m$ical ,record] 7vol4 #a1 p4 #dga71 9 descant+ ^u ! efficacy ( ,prussic ,acid1 v gravely rem>k1 t !y are acqua9t$ ) a lady1 subject to hy/]ic affections1 :o always d]ives relief f a dose ( ,,*]ry ,,br&y1 9 :i* ,pea* k]nels h be5 dige/$2 ! /imulus ( ! br&y !n goes = no?+ ) ^! blockheads6 ,zimm]man n unaptly comp>es a man :o is intoxicat$ ) a fav\rite op9ion1 to a passionate lov]1 :o sees & he>s no?+ b 8 mi/ress4 ,footnote #abd3 ,,bezo>1 7f ,pa-zah>1 ,p]sian1 a de/roy] ( poison47 ,a morbid concretion =m$ 9 ! bodies ( l& animals4 ,sev]al ( !m 7 =m]ly highly celebrat$ = _! m$ic9al virtues2 !y 7 consid]$ z p[]ful ,alexiph>mics1 9 s mu* s1 t o!r m$ic9es1 possess$ ( alexiph>mic p[]s1 7 call$ ,bezo>dics3 s efficaci\s 7 ^! sub/ances =m]ly consid]$ t !y 7 b\ght = t5 times _! weight ( gold4 ,av5zo>1 an ,arabian physician1 :o practis$ at ,seville 9 ,spa9 ab\t ! ye> ,"o ,?\s&1 fir/ recomm5d$ x 9 m$ic9e4 ,a composition ( ,bezo> ) absorb5t p[]s1 has be5 ext5sively us$ "u ! "n ( ,gascoigne p[d]1 & ,gascoigne's ,ball2 b ! real bezo> 0 r>ely us$ on ?is occasion2 ,gypsum1 or pipe-clay t+$ ) ox-gall1 prov$ a less exp5sive +r$i5t4 ,footnote #abe3 ,,oribasius1 a native ( ,s>des1 liv$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury2 he 0 ! fri5d & fav\rite ( ! ,emp]or ,julian1 "u :om he _h great au?ority1 & acquir$ consid]able weal?4 ,x w\ld be well = ! pr(ession ( ,physic1 & = ! public1 if cr[n$ heads g5]ally ev9c$ z mu* discrim9ation 9 ! appo9tm5t & patronage ( physicians4 ,footnote #abf3 ,?ree-f\r?s at lea/ ( ! ,,quack ,,m$ic9es ( ! pres5t day are rem$ies ( ?is description1 & are comp\nd$ accord+ to su* receipts4 ,footnote #abg3 ,m$ical ,logic4 ,edit4 #bnd1 p4 #ib4 ,footnote #abh3 ,! t]m sympa?y has (t5 be5 object$ to1 z be+ too figurative2 x is c]ta9ly a metaphor tak5 f an affection ( ! m9d1 b1 z ,sir ,gilb]t ,blane v ju/ly rem>ks1 ! import ( words ought ei!r to be assum$ conv5tionally accord+ to a def9ition1 or to be adh]$ to 9 ! s5se affix$ to x by e/abli%$ usage2 8by animal sympa?y10 says he1 8is n meant ! intelligible pr9ciple ( ,/ahl's hypo!sis1 b t mutual influ5ce ( di/ant p>ts1 s subtle & rapid z 9 "s in/ances to be comp>$ to ?\ght or lightn+2 :ile 9 o!r in/ances x is an action m t>dy & habitual40 ,m$ical ,logic1 ,edit4 #bnd1 p4 #abc4 ,9 ! pres5t "w1 ,i wi% ! read] to und]/& ! t]m sympa?y1 :]ev] x may occur1 9 con=mity ) ! above def9ition4 ,footnote #abi3 ,col*icum1 ,squill1 & _m o!r vegetable diuretics1 are ( ?is nature4 ,footnote #acj3 ,! ,indian ,fig1 7,cactus ,opuntia17 :5 eat51 r5d]s ! ur9e ( a bloody col\r4 ,rhub>b has likewise an effect ^u ! col\r ( ?is secretion4 ,footnote #aca3 ,?is is probably ! reason ( _m bodies produc+ b little effect ^u ! inf]ior animals4 ,! vegetable eat]s are c]ta9ly less affect$ by vegetable poisons ?an ^? animals :o exclusively live ^u animal sub/ances3 x is ?us1 t a rabbit c take a v l>ge dose ( opium )\t any ill effects1 :ile half ! same quantity w\ld poison a dog4 ,x is a curi\s fact1 t a s\nd horse c take a v consid]able portion ( opium ) impunity1 b if he be weak5$ by previ\s disease1 by /rong purgatives1 or by excessive ble$+1 he is spe$ily de/roy$ by a mu* less dose2 7,see ,bracy ,cl>ke's ,re=m$ ,ph>macopia = ,horses47 ,9 ?is latt] case1 does x n appe> t ! fatal result dep5ds ^u ! fact ( ! dige/ive organs hav+ be5 disabl$1 by debility1 f effect+ t decomposition by :i* "u ord9>y circum/ances1 ! drug is dis>m$ ( its pot5cy8 ,:at important lights might n be obta9$ by ! in/itution ( a s]ies ( well devis$ exp]im5ts ^u ! comp>ative effects ( m$ic9al bodies ^u man & o!r animals8 ,! ,physiologi/ has ?us avail$ himself ( ! res\rces ( ! comp>ative anatomi/1 & ,i feel p]suad$1 t results equally b5eficial to sci5ce w\ld foll[ a simil> inquiry 9 relation to ! op]ation ( m$ic9es4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! pres5t "w1 ,i hope to %ew ! tru? ( ?is position by "s appropriate illu/rations4 ,footnote #acb3 ,t ! ,v5a ,port>um con/itutes "o ( ! av5ues ?r\gh :i* c]ta9 extrane\s bodies ent] ! circulat+ curr5t1 !re _c exi/ a d\bt2 b a s]ies ( well-devis$ exp]im5ts are greatly want$ = ! elucidation ( ! subject4 ,! ,pr(essors ( ,vet]9>y ,m$ic9e might on ?is occasion r5d] u an important s]vice by "s comp>ative rese>*es4 ,footnote #acc3 ,see ,ungu5t4 ,hydr>g4 ,footnote #acd3 ,treatise on ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 vol4 ,i4 p4 #aia4 ,footnote #ace3 ,m$ical ,lit]ature1 ,edit4 #b4 7,ph>macology17 p4 #ded4 ,footnote #acf3 ,sy/em ( ,mat4 ,m$4 vol4 ,i4 p4 #acb4 ,footnote #acg3 ,a sy/em ( ,mat]ia ,m$ica & ,ph>macy1 vol4 #a4 p4 #aca4 ,footnote #ach3 ,n>cotics1 f ,torp$o2 an animal :i* has ! p[] ( /upefy+ any ?+ t x t\*es4 ,footnote #aci3 ,dur+ ! sev]e campaigns ( ! late w>1 ! ,surgeons ( ! ,fr5* army 7 9 ! practice ( adm9i/]+ ,opium & ,cay5ne ,pepp] to ! soldi]s :o 7 exhau/$ by fatigue4 ,footnote #adj3 ,treatise on ,n]v\s ,diseases1 vol4 #a4 p4 #bba4 ,footnote #ada3 ,bitt]ness 9 vegetables has be5 suppos$ to reside 9 a peculi> proximate pr9ciple1 :i* has be5 accord+ly nam$ ! ,bitt] ,pr9ciple4 ,su* an op9ion1 h[ev]1 does n appe> to re/ on suffici5t evid5ce2 on ! contr>y1 exp]im5t has %ewn t x is v g5]ally connect$ ) ! extractive matt] ( ! plant1 z x is obta9$ equally by ! action ( wat] & alcohol2 x is n volatile1 nor are its en]gies impair$ by decoction4 ,footnote #adb3 ,?us ,sir ,h4 ,davy1 9 comp>+ ! composition ( ! soluble products af=d$ by diff]5t crops f ! same grass1 f\nd 9 e trial1 ! l>ge/ quantity ( truly nutritive matt] 9 ! crop cut :5 ! se$ 0 ripe & ! lea/ bitt] extractive1 & sal9e matt]2 :ile 9 ! autumnal crops ^! relations 7 f\nd inv]t$4 ,elem4 ( ,agricult4 ,*em4 ,footnote #adc3 ,mol9a1 9 8 hi/ory ( ,*ili1 speak+ ( ! ,potatoe1 says1 8,x is inde$ f\nd 9 all ! fields ( ?is c\ntry1 b ! plants t gr[ wild1 call$ by ! ,indians ,maglia1 produce only v small roots ( a bitt] ta/e40 ,dr4 ,baldw9 also f\nd ! wild p>5t ( ! potatoe plant at ,monte ,video1 & ,mr4 ,lamb]t in=ms u t ?is /atem5t has be5 confirm$ by ,capta9 ,b[les1 :o has n long s9ce return$ f ! ,s\? ,am]ican /ation2 he says1 8x is a common we$ 9 ! g>d5s1 be>+ small tub]s1 b too bitt] = use40 ,royal ,in/itution ,j\rnal1 ,no4 ,,xix4 ,footnote #add3 ,disc\rses on ! ,elem5ts ( ,!rapeutics & ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 by ,n4 ,*apman1 ,m4 ,d4 ,philadelphia1 #ahai4 ,footnote #ade3 ,?us x has be5 f\nd by exp]im5ts1 t ! ,m5yan!s ,trifoliata1 7! ,wat] ,trefoil17 :i* on acc\nt ( its bitt]ness has be5 us$ z a sub/itute = ,hops1 is a cure = ! rot 9 %eep1 :5 giv5 9 doses ( a dra*m ( ! p[d]$ leaves2 & ,dr4 ,william ,bulleyn1 ! cotempor>y ( ,turn]1 ! fa!r ( ,engli% ,botany1 obs]ves 9 8 "w1 entitl$ 8,,! ,,bulw>k ,,( ,,def5ce10 t ,torm5til1 9 pa/ures1 prev5ts ! rot 9 %eep4 ,footnote #adf3 1 :i* is comp\nd$ ( 1 v1 & 1 or 1 smell4 ,footnote #adg3 ,! orig9 ( ?is t]m is d]iv$ f ! sup]/iti\s cu/om ( cur+ su* compla9ts by incantations 9 v]se 7,c>m9a71 or p]haps x may be und]/ood metaphorically z expressive ( ! in/antane\s relief :i* ^! m$ic9es are capable ( af=d+2 op]at+1 z x 71 l a *>m4 ,footnote #adh3 ,:5 tann9 is pres5t 9 grasses1 z ,sir ,h4 ,davy f\nd 9 t ( aft]ma? crops1 x is void$ 9 ! excrem5t by animals :o fe$ ^u x1 toge!r ) ! bitt] extractive1 sal9e matt]1 & woody fibre4 7,elem4 ( ,agricult4 ,*em4 ,app5dix1 p4 lxi47 ,we may !re=e inf] by analogy t x does n ent] into ! circulation4 ,footnote #adi3 ,v>i\s comb9ations1 into :i* diff]5t metallic salts h g5]ally ent]$ z +r$i5ts1 h at diff]5t p]iods be5 extoll$ = _! efficacy z ,/yptics3 ,helvetius publi%$ an acc\nt ( a prep>ation compos$ ( ! fil+s ( iron & t>t>1 mix$ to a prop] consi/5ce ) ,fr5* br&y1 & x 0 long us$ 9 ,france1 ,g]many1 & ,holl&1 "u ! "n ( ,,helvetius',s ,,/yptic4 ,,eaton',s ,,/yptic4 ,aft] ! /yptic ( ,helvetius _h be5 disc>d$ f ! ,cont95t1 x 0 br\ght into ?is c\ntry1 & = a long "t cont9u$ to be employ$ ) confid5ce1 "u ! new title ( ,eaton's ,/yptic4 ,x is n[ made 9 sev]al diff]5t modes1 & consi/s *iefly ( an alcoholic solution ( sulphate ( iron1 ) "s unimportant additions4 ,footnote #aej3 ,?is !ory1 h[ev]1 did n orig9ate ) ,dr4 ,maj5die1 = ,*i>ac1 a ,fr5* ,physician ( ! #ag? c5tury1 drew ! same conclusion f an exp]im5tal enquiry 7,hi/oire de l',academie ,royale des ,sci5ces1 p4 #ab4 ,an4 #agjj47 ,footnote #aea3 ,^u ! v same pr9ciple1 a p]son may die f suffocation1 9 consequ5ce ( an injury 9 ! bra92 ! respiratory muscles be+ unable to su/a9 ! function ( brea?+1 = want ( a due supply ( n]v\s influ5ce4 ,?is happ5s 9 cases ( ,apoplexy1 & 9 poison+ by ,n>cotics4 ,^? :o wi% = f>!r in=mation ^u ?is subject may consult ! *apt] on 8,,! ,,physiological ,,causes ,,& ,,ph,,nom5a ,,( ,,sudd5 ,,dea?10 9 my "w on 8,,m$ical ,,jurisprud5ce10 ,vol4 #b4 p4 #af4 ,footnote #aeb3 ,hippocrat4 de ,dita4 lib4 iii4 et alibi passim4 ,?is pr$ilection ( ! anci5ts = ,emetics is ! m extraord9>y1 z !y 7 acqua9t$ ) ^? only :i* 7 ( ! mo/ viol5t & unmanageable description2 ! ,v]atrum or ,:ite ,hellebore1 0 sometimes fatal4 ,footnote #aec3 ,few discov]ies 9 physiology h ?r[n great] light ^u ?is important subject ?an t ( ,m4 ,maj5die1 publi%$ 9 8 ,,j\rnal ,,de ,,physiologie ,,exp]im5tale1 7#a;er num]o--,janvi]1 #ahba7 9 a pap] entitl$1 8,memoir sur le ,m*anisme de ,l',absorption40 ,! results conta9$ 9 ?is essay are ! m int]e/+ to me1 z !y 7 read at ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces at ,p>is1 "s "t aft] ! publication ( ! ,?ird ,edition ( my ,,ph>macologia1 & x w be obs]v$1 9 :at a satisfactory mann] !y confirm ! views :i* ,i (f]$ at t "t1 respect+ ! influ5ce ( v5esection 9 accel]at+ ! absorption ( ,m]cury4 ,9 ! ,f\r? ,edition 7publi%$ 9 ,octob]1 #ahbj1 p4 #aae17 ^! views 7 f>!r ext5d$1 & z ,i c\ld n h be5 influ5c$ by ! exp]im5ts ( ,m4 ,maj5die1 :i* 7 n publi%$ until "s "t aft]w>ds1 x is v fair to conclude1 t :5 two p]sons arrive at ! same result by diff]5t tra9s ( inve/igation1 su* a result mu/ be correct4 ,! conclusions e/abli%$ by ! exp]im5tal inquiries ( ,m4 ,maj5die1 ) reg>d to absorption1 appe> to me to be s important1 9 ref]5ce to ! object ( ! pres5t "w1 t ,i %all pause1 9 ?is place1 = ! purpose ( furni%+ ! read] ) a %ort acc\nt ( !m4 ,m4 ,maj5die /ates1 t :ile p]=m+ ! exp]im5t ( inject+ w>m wat] into ! ve9s ( a liv+ animal1 he fir/ conceiv$ ! idea ( obs]v+ :at effects w\ld be produc$ ^u ! function ( absorption by ! artificial ple?ora1 ?us occasion$2 hav+ accord+ly inject$ a quantity ( wat] into ! v5\s sy/em ( a middle-siz$ dog1 he introduc$ a small portion ( an active sub/ance1 ^: effects 7 well kn[n1 into 8 side1 :5 he 0 surpris$ to f9d t its usual op]ation 0 n manife/$ until aft] an int]val mu* long] ?an usual2 ! same exp]im5t 0 aft]w>ds repeat$ ^u ano!r animal1 & ) simil> results4 ,9 a ?ird exp]im5t1 z mu* wat] 7ab\t two p\nds7 0 inject$1 z ! animal c\ld su/a9 )\t de/ruction1 9 :i* case ! poison\s sub/ance produc$ no effect :atev]1 ! p[]s ( absorption appe>+ to be entirely susp5d$3 & hav+ wait$ dur+ half an h\r = ! occurr5ce ( ^? symptoms :i*1 "u ord9>y circum/ances1 w\ld h manife/$ !mselves 9 two m9utes1 ,m4 ,maj5die conclud$ t if vascul> conge/ion be ! cause ( ! susp5sion ( absorption1 ! function ought to be re/or$ by ! removal ( ?is artificial condition1 an op9ion :i* he proce$$ to v]ify by exp]im5t2 ! jugul> ve9 ( ! animal1 "u trial1 0 accord+ly op5$1 & ! +5i\s op]ator _h ! satisfaction to obs]ve ! effects ( ! poison gradually develop+ !mselves 9 proportion z ! blood fl[$4 ,m4 ,maj5die next proce$$ to confirm ! tru? ( 8 position1 by an exp]im5t1 ! conv]se ( ^? above relat$2 an animal 0 bl$1 to ! am\nt ( ab\t half a p\nd1 & ! poison\s sub/ance appli$ to ! pleura ( ! animal1 z 9 ! =ego+ exp]im5ts1 :5 x appe>$ t ^? effects :i*1 "u ord9>y circum/ances1 7 n evid5t until aft] a p]iod ( twelve m9utes1 manife/$ !mselves aft] an int]val ( only ?irty seconds4 ,9 ord] to %ew t ^! results actually arose f vascul> di/5tion1 & n f ! artificial /ate ( dilution 9 :i* ! blood 0 plac$1 ,m4 ,maj5die in/itut$ ! foll[+ exp]im5t3 a consid]able quantity ( blood 0 drawn f ! ve9 ( a dog1 & replac$ by a simil> quantity ( w>m wat]1 aft] :i* a measur$ quantity ( ,nux ,vomica 9 solution 0 introduc$ into ! side1 :5 ! poison\s effects 7 f\nd to take place ) ! same rapidity z if ! blood _h n be5 mix$ ) wat]4 ,footnote #aed3 ,! practical application ( ?is fact may be useful1 & dige/ion1 9 c]ta9 cases1 may be ?us promot$ by ! simple exp$i5t ( *ang+ ! quality ( our bread4 ,footnote #aee3 ,s9ce ! publication ( ?is op9ion1 9 ! #e? edition ( ! ,ph>macologia1 ,dr4 ,hamilton has hon\r$ me by a lett] on ! subject1 b ,i am /ill b\nd to confess t my s5tim5ts rema9 unalt]$4 ,footnote #aef3 ,! ,melampodium1 or ,black ,hellebore1 0 recomm5d$ z an ag5t ( ?is description 9 ! /ronge/ t]ms1 by ,mead2 ,sav9 7,junip]us ,sab9a7 is ano!r vegetable :i* has be5 g5]ally consid]$ z a specific ,emm5agogue2 ) "s au?ors1 ! ,rubia ,t9ctorum1 ,madd]2 ) o!rs1 ! ,s9apis alba h be5 reg>d$ z rem$ies ( ?is nature2 & lately ,polygala ,s5ega has be5 extoll$ by ! ,am]ican practition]s2 9 mod]n times1 h[ev]1 few sub/ances h be5 m confid5tly recomm5d$ z ut]9e /imulants ?an ! ,secale ,cornutum1 or ,ergot1 b ( :i* ,i h no practical k4 ,footnote #aeg3 ,sal9e bodies w\ld appe> to be ! peculi> /imuli ( ^! organs1 ! pr9cipal use ( :i* is to sep>ate su* sal9e matt] f ! blood1 z w\ld o!rwise accumulate 9 ! sy/em4 ,t ^! sal9e diuretics actually pass (f by ! kidneys1 may be satisfactorily %ewn by an exam9ation ( ! ur9e1 9 :i* ! bodies 9 "q may be *emically detect$4 ,let any p]son swall[ sev]al doses ( ,nitre1 tak+ c>e t ! b[els are n di/urb$ by ! m$ic9e1 & he w f9d by dipp+ "s pap] into 8 ur9e1 & aft]w>ds dry+ x1 t x w deflagrate1 & indicate ! pres5ce ( nitre4 ,footnote #aeh3 ,! ,second>y ,diuresis :i* sometimes takes place "u su* circum/ances1 & succe$s ,ca?>sis1 may (f] an app>5t exception to ?is law2 b ?is mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) t :i* is ! result ( a ,prim>y action ^u ! ur9>y organs by ! absorption1 & consequ5t contact1 ( a specific ,/imulant4 ,footnote #aei3 ,c]ta9 m9]al wat]s1 conta9+ ca?>tic salts 9 a /ate ( extreme dilution1 if insuffici5t to excite ! b[els1 sometimes pass (f by ! kidneys2 an effect :i* c always be prev5t$ by accompany+ _! exhibition ) "s laxative4 ,footnote #afj3 ,see ,sir ,gilb]t ,blane's ,m$ical ,logic1 ,edit4 #b1 page #aij4 ,footnote #afa3 ,! cutane\s dis*>ge is v mat]ially modifi$ by ! /ate ( ! atmosph]e1 9 its relations to moi/ure & dryness3 :5 ! air conta9s mu* moi/ure x is a bad conductor ( ! p]spirable matt]1 :i* !re=e1 in/ead ( be+ c>ri$ (f 9 an ins5sible =m1 is cond5s$ ^u ! surface2 h5ce we appe> to p]spire greatly ^u ! slighte/ ex]cise1 :]eas ! cuticul> dis*>ge is at su* times absolutely less4 ,we h all exp]i5c$ ! s5sation ( heat1 & disposition to sweat+1 dur+ ! moi/ wea!r :i* s frequ5tly occurs 9 ?is c\ntry 9 ,april & ,may1 ! w9d be+ at ! "t /ation>y at s\?-we/ or s\?4 ,on ! contr>y1 dur+ ! preval5ce ( an ea/ w9d1 ! mo/ viol5t ex]cise w sc>cely prove diaphoretic1 & yet ! quantity ( cutane\s exhalation is f> great] ?an dur+ t /ate ( atmosph]e :5 ! slighte/ ex]cise deluges u ) p]spirable matt]4 ,footnote #afb3 ,,lommius de ,febribus4 ,footnote #afc3 ,de ,m$ic9a4 ,lib4 iii4 c4 #g4 ,footnote #afd3 ,?is practice is /ill *]i%$ by ! vulg>1 especially 9 "s ( ! m remote di/ricts ( ! k+dom4 ,x is ) ?is view t ! ,corni% nurse cont9ues to keep d[n ! excess ( population1 by adm9i/]+ ,g9 & ,treacle1 9 h] smoky *imney corn]1 to *ildr5 lab\r+ "u measles1 9 ord] to ?r[ out ! eruption4 ,footnote #afe3 ,m4 ,du ,hamel has record$ ! cases ( two c\ntrym51 consid]ably advanc$ 9 life1 :o 7 cur$ ( ,dropsy by rema9+ = "s "t 9 a bak]'s ov51 soon aft] ! bread _h be5 drawn4 ,v>ikbillan1 n9? ,caliph ( ! race ( ! ,abassides1 is said to h be5 cur$ by a ne>ly simil> me?od4 ,8 physician caus$ him to ent] a lime-kiln soon aft] ! lime _h be5 remov$1 :5 9 ! c\rse ( a few days he 0 totally cur$ ( 8 dropsy4 ,! anci5ts excit$ sweat+ 9 ?is disease1 by bury+ ! pati5t up to ! neck 9 heat$ s& or a%es 7,celsus1 ,lib4 iii4 c4 #cj471 & ,lysons cur$ cases by plac+ 8 pati5ts 9 rooms heat$ to a v high temp]ature4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,royal ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 = #agjc1 a case is relat$ ( a woman1 :o1 tir$ out by ! protract$ ,dropsy "u :i* h] husb& lab\r$1 *>itably adm9i/]$ to him a v l>ge dose ( opium1 ) ! int5tion ( despat*+ him1 b ! m$ic9e imm$iately produc$ su* a copi\s sweat t x re/or$ him to heal?6 ,footnote #aff3 1 saliva2 et 1 excito4 ,footnote #afg3 ,i ( c\rse except its application 9 ! =m ( vap\r1 9 :i* /ate x proves extremely active4 ,see ,hydr>gyrum4 ,footnote #afh3 ,m$ical ,logic1 ,edit4 #b4 p4 #ge4 ,footnote #afi3 ,transactions ( a ,society = ! ,improvem5t ( ,m$ical & ,*irurgical k1 ,vol4 iii4 p4 #aai4 ,london1 #ahbb4 ,footnote #agj3 ,m$ical & ,physical ,j\rnal = ,octob]1 #ahaa4 ,footnote #aga3 ,de ,s$4 et ,caus4 ,morb4 ,epi/4 xiv4 art4 #bg4 ,footnote #agb3 ,comm5t4 ad ,aph4 #bga4 ,footnote #agc3 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ anci5t sup]/itions :i* h desc5d$ to u4 ,x 0 cu/om>y 9 ,greece1 :5 any "o sneez$1 to exclaim 1 #8,may y live2' or 1 #8,god bless y4' ,ari/otle1 9 8 problems1 has attempt$ to acc\nt = ! orig9 ( ! cu/om1 b unsatisfactorily2 ,pl9y1 7,nat4 ,hi/4 lib4 #bh4 c4 #b7 asks--8,cur ,/]nutantes salut5tur80 ,footnote #agd3 ,eb]le's ,treatise on ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica4 ,footnote #age3 ,x is said t :5ev] ,dunn+1 ! celebrat$ b>ri/]1 0 call$ ^u to make ! f9e/ display ( 8 eloqu5ce1 :e!r =5sic or p>liam5t>y1 he con/antly appli$ a bli/] to 8 *e/1 :i* he f\nd to h ! effect ( imp>t+ an unusual tone & vig\r to 8 body1 & elevation to 8 m9d4 ,footnote #agf3 ,f ,setum a ,horse hair1 a sub/ance :i* 0 =m]ly us$ = ! accompli%m5t ( ?is object4 ,footnote #agg3 ,x sometimes happ5s t ! /oma* & dige/ive organs are s weak5$ by disease z to lose _! control1 or :at ,dr4 ,=dyce call$ _! #8gov]n+ p[]1' 9 :i* case !y w\ld appe> to be unable to prev5t ! matt]s :i* !y conta9 f act+ *emically ^u ea* o!r1 & occasion+ decompositions & new comb9ations3 9 su* cases sub/ances are sometimes develop$ 9 ! int]nal organs by ! action ( disease1 :i* are capable ( produc+ a *emical effect ^u ! fluids2 = in/ance1--an acid is n unfrequ5tly g5]at$ 9 ! b[els ( *ildr5 :i* decomposes ! bile & produces a gre5 precipitate1 & gre5 /ools are ! consequ5ce2 9 o!r cases ! acid comb9es ) ! ,soda ( ! bile1 & ! precipitate ?us occasion$ is ?ick1 viscid1 v bitt]1 & inflammable1 & we h /ools look+ l pit*4 ,9 ,yell[ ,fev]1 & 9 sev]al o!r diseases1 ! bile :i* is br\ght up by vomit+ is frequ5tly ( a vivid gre5 col\r1 & "s writ]s h attribut$ ! ph5om5on to a morbid condition1 or action ( ! liv] or gall bladd]2 ! fact h[ev] is1 t ! bile itself und]goes a *emical *ange 9 ! ,duod5um & ,/oma*4 ,t bile does und]go su* a *ange f decomposition1 is prov$ by a v>iety ( facts obs]v$ to take place out ( ! body2 x is well kn[n1 = in/ance1 t ! fces ( infants1 al?\gh yell[ :5 void$1 frequ5tly become gre5 aft] "s "t1 & ,dr4 ,heb]d5 obs]ves1 9 8 ,comm5t>ies1 t ! ur9e ( a c]ta9 jaundic$ pati5t1 :i* 0 ( a deep yell[1 became aft] a few h\rs gre53 9 su* cases x is probable t an acid is g5]at$ by ! reaction ( ! elem5ts ( :i* ! bile consi/s4 ,footnote #agh3 ,sy/em ( ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 vol4 #a4 p4 #dec4 ,footnote #agi3 ,! same fact has be5 long kn[n by ! ,div]s 9 ! ,indian ,pe>l-fi%]ies2 see my ,"w on ,m$ical ,jurisprud5ce1 ,introduction1 ,vol4 #a4 p4 v4 ,footnote #ahj3 ,see a pap] ^u ?is subject by ,mr4 ,brodie1 ,phil4 ,trans4 #ahaa4 ,footnote #aha3 ,m$ical ,logic1 ,edit4 #b4 p4 #ej4 ,footnote #ahb3 ,f aga9/1 & a /one4 ,footnote #ahc3 ,f 1 & to break4 ,footnote #ahd3 ,! kidneys h a m obtuse s5sibility1 & n su* en]getic activity z o!r gl&s possess2 vital action is less conc]n$ 9 ! secretion !y c>ry on1 & _! functions m easily fall "u *emical & hydraulic explanations4--7,ri*]&47 ,footnote #ahe3 ,an ,inquiry into ! ,nature & ,treatm5t ( ,gravel1 ,calculus1 & o!r diseases connect$ ) a d]ang$ op]ation ( ! ,ur9>y ,organs2 by ,w4 ,pr\t1 ,m4 ,d4 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,footnote #ahf3 ,on ! ,*emical ,hi/ory & ,m$ical ,treatm5t ( ,calcul\s ,disord]s1 by ,a4 ,m>cet1 ,m4 ,d4 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,footnote #ahg3 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,in/itution1 ,vol4 ,,vi4 ,footnote #ahh3 ,m$ical ,transactions ( ! ,college ( ,physicians1 ,vol4 ,,vi4 ,footnote #ahi3 ,! anci5ts consid]$ ! ur9e z a k9d ( extract ( animal sub/ances1 a true lixivium1 by :i* e ?+ impure 9 ! animal economy 0 wa%$ away1 & h5ce !y gave x ! "n ( ,lotium4 ,footnote #aij3 ,mr4 ,br&e fir/ /at$ ! exi/5ce ( ?is acid 9 ur9e2 b ,b]zelius express$ 8 d\bts respect+ ! fact4 ,! exp]im5ts ( ,dr4 ,m>cet1 h[ev]1 are c]ta9ty fav\rable to ! conclusion ( ! =m] *emi/1 & ,dr4 ,pr\t in=ms u t he has himself se5 small calculi dis*>g$ f ! bladd] compos$ pr9cipally ( ! c>bonate ( lime4 ,footnote #aia3 ,! read] w f9d "s int]e/+ obs]vations ^u ?is subject 9 ,dr4 ,pr\t's ,treatise1 p4 #bb4 ,footnote #aib3 ,! "n ( ,uric ,acid 0 sugge/$ by ,dr4 ,pe>son3 x is1 h[ev]1 z ,dr4 ,m>cet v ju/ly rem>ks1 objectionable1 on acc\nt ( ! close resemblance :i* ! t]m be>s to t ( ,urea1 a sub/ance totally di/9ct f ,li?ic ,acid4 ,footnote #aic3 ,re*]*es physiologiques et mdicales sur les causes1 les symptomes1 et le traitem5t de la gravelle1 #hvo4 ,p>is4 #ahah4 ,footnote #aid3 ,,ultimate ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,li?ic ,,acid4 ,accord+ to ,m4 ,b]>d1 & adopt$ by ,m4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,pr\t4 ,maj5die4 ,azote #ciaf #caab ,c>bon #ccfa #djjj ,oxyg5 #ahhi #bfbf ,hydrog5 #hcd #bbb ------------ ------------ #ajjjj #ajjjj ,footnote #aie3 ,?is fact d]ives its pa?ological int]e/ f ! probability t1 9 c]ta9 /ates ( disease1 ! ,li?ic acid assumes ?is peculi> modification1 giv+ to ! s$im5ts ( ur9e ^? beautiful hues :i* 7 =m]ly consid]$ by ,pr\/1 z ! effect ( an acid1 :i* he nam$ ! ,rosacic2 n[ z ! ,purpuric acid1 or r ! ,purpurate ( ,ammonia1 says ,dr4 ,pr\t1 is no?+ m ?an ,li?ic acid modifi$ by ! action ( ,nitric acid1 & z ,i h already %ewn t ! ,p9k & ,lat]iti\s s$im5ts occasionally conta9 nitric acid 9 "s peculi> /ate ( comb9ation1 ! nature & orig9 ( ! col\r+ matt] cease to be problematical4 ,footnote #aif3 ,:5ce is d]iv$ ! l>ge quantity ( ,phosphoric acid :i* is daily evacuat$ f ! sy/em8--,! rese>*es ( mod]n *emi/ry h furni%$ a v satisfactory solution ( ?is problem1 by demon/rat+ its pres5ce 9 ^? animal & vegetable sub/ances :i* are us$ by u z food4 ,mr4 ,b>ry1 9 prosecut+ 8 int]e/+ & important exp]im5ts on ! prep>ation ( ,ph>maceutical ,extracts 9 vacuo1 discov]$ ! curi\s fact1 t ,phosphoric acid is to be f\nd 9 all ! extracts 9 a soluble /ate2 & on ext5d+ ! inve/igation1 says he1 x 0 asc]ta9$ t ?is acid1 besides t portion ( x :i* exi/s z phosphate ( lime1 is conta9$ 9 a va/ v>iety ( vegetables1 & m especially 9 ^? :i* are cultivat$4 ,m$ico-,*irug4 ,trans4 ,vol4 #aj1 p4 #bdj4 ,footnote #aig3 ,! ur9e ( infants & nurses conta9s v little phosphate ( lime & phosphoric acid2 x is n until aft] ossification is f9i%$1 t ^! elem5ts are f\nd 9 abundance 9 ! ur9>y fluid4 ,t ( old m51 on ! contr>y1 conta9s a great quantity ( !m2 ! bony sy/em1 already ov]*>g$ ) phosphate ( lime1 refuses to admit m ( x4 ,?is sal9e sub/ance w\ld ossify e "p1 z x does sometimes 9 ! art]ies1 ligam5ts1 c>tilages1 & membranes1 if ! ur9e 7 n to remove ! great] "p ( ?is sup]abundant portion4 ,9 ,ra*itis x is by ! ur9e t ! phosphate ( lime passes (f1 ! abs5ce ( :i* causes ! s(tness ( bones4 7,ri*]&74 ,if we might be all[$ to !orise1 ,i %\ld say1 t ?is disease dep5ds ^u a defici5t action 9 ! p[]s ( assimilation1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ! phosphoric acid is incapable ( ent]+ into its assign$ comb9ations1 & is !re=e elim9at$ z excrem5titi\s4 ,dr4 ,glisson consid]$ ! disease to dep5d ^u "s fault 9 ! sp9al m>r[1 :5ce he t]m$ x ,ra*itis1 f ,sp9a ,dorsi4 ,footnote #aih3 ,transactions ( ,/ockholm4 ,footnote #aii3 ,,cy/ic ,,oxide1 discov]$ by ,dr4 ,wolla/on 9 #ahae3 x does n affect vegetable col\rs1 & has all ! *emical habitudes ( an oxide4 ,footnote #bjj3 ,dr4 ,m>cet discov]$ two calculi1 :i* 7 n ref]able to any ( ! kn[n species2 b !y are n introduc$ into ! foll[+ table1 z !y may nev] aga9 occur2 at all ev5ts1 f _! extreme r>ity1 !y _c be consid]$ z objects ( practical int]e/4 ,to "o ( ^! he has giv5 ! "n ( ,xan?ic ,oxide1 because x =ms a lemon col\r$ comp\nd :5 act$ ^u by ,nitric acid4 ,to ! o!r nondescript calculus he has be/[$ ! appellation ( ,fibr9\s1 f its resemblance to ,fibr9e4 ,footnote #bja3 ,i am by no means dispos$ to reject altoge!r1 z a popul> fallacy1 ! g5]al op9ion 9 fav\r ( ! anti-li?ic virtues ( malt liquor2 ! obs]vations :i* h be5 already (f]$ 7page #gi7 w expla9 h[ su* ag5ts may occasionally op]ate 9 assi/+ dige/ion4 ,9 ! obs]vations made ^u ! ,bills ( ,mortality 9 ! ye> #affb1 by an +5i\s citiz51 conc]n+ ! increase ( "s diseases1 & ! decrease ( o!rs1 x is obs]v$ 8,! ,/one & ,/rangury decrease?1 f ! dr9k+ ( ,ale40 ,footnote #bjb3 ,9 consultation ) ,dr4 ,baillie1 "s few mon?s be=e 8 dea?1 he said to me 8al?\gh ,i h nev] publi%$ ! op9ion1 ,i am satisfi$ t aft] a pati5t has long lab\r$ "u diseas$ liv]1 ! blood becomes sur*>g$ ) alkal9e matt]40 ,footnote #bjc3 ,see an explanation ( ?is t]m 9 ! note1 at page #aab4 ,footnote #bjd3 ,x is1 says ,dr4 ,pr\t1 a v old obs]vation1 t injuries ( ! back produce alkal9e ur9e2 8x also appe>s10 cont9ues ?is au?or1 8to hold 9 o!r animals z well z 9 man2 ?us ,i h frequ5tly obs]v$ jad$ & worn-out horses pass great quantities ( lime 9 _! ur9e2 ,i h kn[n ! same also to take place 9 dogs1 & p>ticul>ly ( ! sport+ k9ds2 & 9 bo? ^! in/ances h ?\ght x probable1 t ! circum/ance 0 connect$ ) "s /ra9 or injury ( ! back produc$ by ov]-ex]tion1 or o!r causes40 ,footnote #bje3 ,i h 9 my possession a spl5did specim5 ( ?is triple salt1 9 l>ge & well def9$ cry/als1 cov]+ a portion ( a decay$ beam2 x 0 s5t to me by my fri5d ,mr4 ,m>%all1 f :om ,i le>nt t x _h be5 tak5 f a privy belong+ to a public h\se 9 ,s\?w>k4 ,i l5t ! specim5 to ! late ,mr4 ,wilson1 9 ord] t he might exhibit x 9 8 lectures be=e ! ,college ( ,surgeons1 & he has publi%$ a description ( x 9 8 "w on ! ,ur9>y & ,g5ital ,organs4 ,footnote #bjf3 ,a "q has aris5 respect+ ! comp>ative efficacy ( ! two fix$ alkalies ^u ^! occasions4 ,see ,sod ,sub-c>bonas4 ,footnote #bjg3 ,= an acc\nt ( ! celebrat$ rem$y ( ,mrs4 ,/eph5s1 see ,liquor ,calcis4 ,footnote #bjh3 ,j\rnal de ,physiologie2 ,juillet1 #ahbc4 ,footnote #bji3 ,= a f>!r acc\nt ( ?is extraord9>y law ( ,electro-,*emi/ry1 ! read] may consult my "w on ! ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,m$ical ,,*emi/ry4 ,footnote #baj3 ,^! exp]im5ts h be5 repeat$ at ! ,j>d9 des ,plantes1 ) simil> results2 x f>!r appe>s t a c]ta9 quantity ( ,nitrate ( ,potass add$ to ! wat] inject$ into ! bladd] w exp$ite ! decomposition4 ,footnote #baa3 ,?is1 x mu/ be confess$1 is s+ul>ly un=tunate1 if ! op9ion already express$ be true 7page #aba7 viz4 t at lea/ two-?irds ( ! :ole numb] ( calculi orig9ate f ?is acid4 ,footnote #bab3 ,! ^w ,antidote is d]iv$ f 1 aga9/1 & 1 ,i give2 z be+ a m$ic9e giv5 aga9/ poison1 ei!r by way ( cure or pres]vative4 ,! ^w is also sometimes us$ 9 a m g5]al s5se1 = any comp\nd$ m$ic9e2 ?us ,pet] ,damian speaks ( a p]son :o 9 8 :ole life nev] took an antidote4 ,x is likewise us$ by "s au?ors 9 a less prop] s5se1 = any rem$y aga9/ any disease1 *iefly if x be invet]ate1 & arise f "s ulc] or abscess2 & la/ly1 ! t]m has be5 us$ to signify a p]petual =m ( m$ic9es1 o!rwise call$ ,opiates1 or m prop]ly ,confections4 ,footnote #bac3 ,! read] w f9d ?is subject treat$ m fully 9 ! second volume ( my "w on ,,m$ical ,,jurisprud5ce4 ,footnote #bad3 ,see ! hi/ory ( ,!riaca at page #bh note4 ,footnote #bae3 ,,john1 k+ ( ,ca/ille1 z ,tissot relates1 0 poison$ by a pair ( boots1 prep>$ by a ,turk2 ,,h5ry ,,iv1 by gloves2 ,,l\is ,,xiv fe>+ a project to poison ,,philip ,v1 prohibit$ 8 op5+ lett]s1 or putt+ on gloves 7,tissot ,trait des ,n]fs1 ,t4 #a4 ,p4 #aa4 page #ac27 ,pl\quet has ! foll[+ rem>k ^u ?is subject1 8,huc et ignota illa v55a p]t95t1 quibus epi/ol *iro!c1 et ejusmodi infici1 et vim adeo toxicam indu]e dicuntur1 ut lectio ejusmodi epi/ol1 indutus *iro!c subitam mortem caus5tur40 7,comm5t4 ,m$4 sup] ,homicid4 page #ahd47 ,,pope ,,clem5t ,,vii is said by ,zac*ias to h be5 poison$ by ! fumes ( a tap]1 7,qu/4 ,m$4 ,leg472 & a prie/ is report$ to h (f]$ to de/roy ,,que5 ,,elizabe? by poison+ h] saddle4 7,sir ,edw>d ,coke1 9 ! trial ( ,sir ,john ,hollis47 ,bi%op ,burnet1 9 ! hi/ory ( 8 own times 7vol4 #b4 p4 #bcj47 says1 t "s believ$ ,,*>les ! ,second to h be5 poison$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( snuff4 ,footnote #baf3 ,?is conceit does n appe> to h be5 conf9$ to ! ignorant alone1 = we le>n f ,spratt's ,hi/ory ( ! ,royal ,society1 t v %ortly aft] ! in/itution ( t le>n$ body1 a s]ies ( que/ions 0 drawn up by _! direction1 = ! purpose ( be+ submitt$ to ! ,*9ese & ,indians1 :i* cle>ly %ews _! belief 9 ! possibility ( su* an op]ation1 viz4 8,:e!r ! ,indians c s prep>e t /upify+ h]b1 ,datura1 t !y make x lie sev]al days1 mon?s1 ye>s1 accord+ z !y w h x1 9 a man's body1 )\t do+ him any hurt1 & at ! end kill him )\t miss+ half an h\r's "t80 ,footnote #bag3 ,dr4 ,mead adopt$ ?is op9ion1 b he became s conv9c$ ( its inadequacy t1 9 ! lat] editions ( 8 "w on ,poisons1 he )drew ! hypo!sis4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to obs]ve t ^u its ab&onm5t1 a ho/ ( popul> antidotes at once fell into disuse2 = z long z ! injury 0 suppos$ to arise f me*anical irritation1 oils1 fats1 & o!r simil> rem$ies 7 held capable ( obtund+ ! acrimony4 ,s has ! ab&onm5t ( o!r conceits & hypo!ses cle>$ away _m absurd articles f ! li/ ( ,antidotes2 see page #bf4 ,footnote #bah3 ,! introduction ( poisons into ! body ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! circulation ( ! blood is frequ5tly allud$ to by ! physiologi/s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,i h lately met ) a curi\s passage 9 a "w entitl$ 8,popul> ,err\rs 9 ,physick1 fir/ writt5 9 ,lat9e by ! le>n$ physitian1 ,james ,p5rose1 ,doctor 9 ,physick4 ,london1 #afea40 8,! v5ome is c>ri$ by ! ve9es & art]ies1 z appe>es 9 t all ! blood ( !m t h be5 bitt5 by a vip] do? turne into a pale gre5nesse4 ,& see+ t ! ve9es 9 ! papps are s v sl5d]1 & doe n come unto ! he>t1 b ) a great _m long w9d+s1 ,i affirme1 & x is m probable1 t if ! vip] be apply$ to ! feet1 :i* are f>!/ remote f ! he>t1 x w soon] infect ! he>t ?an if to ! papps1 b soone/ ( all if x be appli$ to ! armes4 ,& n[ ! /ory ( ,,cleopatra comes to my m9de4 ,,petrus ,,victorius blames ! pa9t]s1 t pa9t ,cleopatra apply+ ! aspe to h] papps1 see+ x is manife/ out ( ,,plut>* 9 ! life ( ,,antonius1 & out ( ,,pl9ie likewise1 t %e apply$ x to h] arme4 ,,zon>as relates t !re appe>$ no signe ( dea? ^u h]1 save two blew spots on h] arme4 ,c,,s> also 9 h] /atue :i* he c>ry$ 9 triumph1 apply$ ! aspe to h] arme2 = 9 ! armes !re are great ve9es & art]ies1 :i* doe quickly1 & 9 a /raight way convey ! v5ome to ! he>t1 :]eas 9 ! papps ! vessels are sl5d]4 ,& !re=e 9 ,,sa9t ,,paul ! miracle 0 s mu* ! great]1 9 t he felt no h>me f ! vip]1 :i* layd hold on 8 h&1 = if x _h assail$ him on ! brea/1 he _h _h respite en\gh to take "s antidote40 ,footnote #bai3 ,!re c be no d\bt b t dea? has be5 produc$ by ! me*anical op]ation ( v>i\s insoluble bodies2 al?\gh we _c believe ! num]\s tales record$ on ! subject ( diamond du/ 7suppos$ to con/itute ! basis ( ! celebrat$ 8,p[d] ( ,succession07 or ( p[d]$ glass1 c4 ,num]\s cases are record$ :]e life has be5 de/roy$ by ! lodgem5t ( sub/ances 9 ! inte/9es2 & we h lately he>d ( ! fatal effects produc$ by alv9e accumulations f ! habitual use ( ,magnesia4 ,) respect to ! dang] f ! +e/ion ( glass & enamel 9 p[d]1 !re /ill exi/s mu* diff]5ce ( op9ion2 ,caldani1 ,m&ruzzato1 & ,m4 ,le ,sauvage1 report exp]im5ts made ^u m5 & animals1 9 :i* no bad consequ5ces foll[$2 on ! o!r h&1 ,s*urigius 7,*ylologia7 & ,c>danus 7,de ,v55is7 cite in/ances :]e p]sons h di$ ( ulc]ations ( ! /oma* f su* causes2 & ,m4 ,portal1 ,fod]1 7,m$ic9e ,legale7 ,pl\quet 7,comm5t4 sup] ,homicid47 ,/oll1 7,ratio ,m$5di1 "p vi4 p4 #fj7 ,gmel9 7,hi/4 ,g5]al de ,v54 m9]al47 ,frank 7,man4 de ,toxicol47 furni% te/imony 9 support ( ! op9ion :i* assigns to su* bodies a highly delet]i\s action4 ,footnote #bbj3 ,?is m>k d5otes t ! sub/ance1 aga9/ :i* x is plac$1 may also act by be+ absorb$4 ,footnote #bba3 ,signifies t ! article has also a local action4 ,footnote #bbb3 ,see 8,exp]im5ts & ,op]ations on ! ,diff]5t ,modes 9 :i* ,dea? is produc$ by c]ta9 ,vegetable ,poisons40 ,by ,b4 ,c4 ,brodie1 ,esq4 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 9 ! #aha/ ,volume ( ! ,philosophical ,transactions = ! ye> #ahaa4 ,footnote #bbc3 ,m4 ',lallem& has publi%$ ! hi/ory ( a ftus1 9 :i* ! bra9 & sp9al m>r[ 7 equally defici5t1 not)/&+ :i*1 x ev5 exce$$ ! usual size1 ! he>t 0 also p]fect1 & x 0 evid5t t ! circulation _h be5 prop]ly p]=m$4 ,no soon] h[ev] 0 ! mon/] born ?an x p]i%$1 because ! diaphragm & o!r muscles ( respiration 7 unable to p]=m _! functions )\t ! aid ( n]v\s excitem5t2 no air 0 !re=e inhal$ into ! lungs1 & 9 a few m9utes ! he>t ceas$ to contract f ! defici5t supply ( oxyg5iz$ blood4 ,see ,,m$ical ,,jurisprud5ce1 ,vol4 ii4 8,on ! ,physiological ,causes1 & ,phnom5a ( ,sudd5 ,dea?40 ,footnote #bbd3 ,x is a v curi\s fact1 t ! ,oil ( ,tobacco %\ld diff] s ess5tially 9 its physiological action f ! ,infusion ( t vegetable poison2 ! =m] we h /at$1 affects ! bra9 only1 ! latt] we n[ le>n1 :5 tak5 into ! alim5t>y canal1 susp5ds ! action ( ! he>t4 ,?is app>5t anomaly at fir/ l$ ,mr4 ,brodie1 z he has s9ce in=m$ me1 to suspect ! accuracy ( 8 exp]im5ts3 & ,i sugge/$ to him1 :e!r a probable explanation might n be d]iv$ f ! late *emical rese>*es into ! composition ( tobacco1 :i* h %ewn ! exi/5ce ( two active pr9ciples1 viz4 ,nicot91 & an ,ess5tial ,oil8 ,:]e an infusion is employ$1 we seem to obta9 ! influ5ce ( ! =m]1 & ! effects are display$ ^u ! he>t2 b :]e ! oil is appli$1 ! ,nicot9 has be5 remov$1 & ! bra9 is ! organ pr9cipally affect$--see ,tabaci ,folia4 ,footnote #bbe3 ,dry ,vomit ( ,m>riott4 ,?is once celebrat$ vomit1 call$ ,dry1 f its be+ exhibit$ )\t dr9k1 consi/$ ( equal proportions ( ,t>t>iz$ ,antimony & ,sulphate ( ,copp]4 ,footnote #bbf3 ,syd5ham relates a case ( poison+ by ,corrosive ,sublimate2 :i* 0 successfully treat$ by copi\s draughts ( wat]1 & repeat$ vomit+ 7,op]a ,m$ica1 ,epi/4 #a1 p4 #bjj72 & ,orfila1 9 8 labori\s "w on poisons1 pres5ts u ) a mass ( satisfactory evid5ce ^u ! same subject4 ,footnote #bbg3 ,circum/ances1 h[ev]1 may occur1 :i* w r5d] x ev5 judici\s1 ) c]ta9 precautions1 to adm9i/] a solv5t1 9 ord] to remove ! p>ticles ( ! sub/ance1 :i* sometimes adh]e ) su* ob/9acy to ! coats ( ! /oma* z to defy ! ex]tions ( an emetic to deta* !m1 especially if ! poison be ars5ic2 b let ! practition] rememb] t ?is practice c nev] be all[$ until all t c be eject$ by vomit+ or purg+ has be5 previ\sly remov$2 !n p]haps ! +e/ion ( ,magnesia1 or an ,alkal9e ,salt1 z propos$ by ,mr4 ,m>%all1 might be admissible1 b x %\ld be quickly foll[$ up by fre% emetics & purgatives4 ,footnote #bbh3 ,london ,m$ical ,repository1 ,augu/1 #ahag4 ,footnote #bbi3 ,! tru? ( ?is /atem5t has be5 v satisfactorily e/abli%$ by ! exp]im5ts ( ,,orfila 7,toxicologie gnrale consid]e s\s les ,rapports de la ,physiologie1 de la ,pa?ologie1 et de la ,m$ic9e lgale7 z well z by sev]al t h be5 p]=m$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,,tortosa 7,i/ituzioni di ,m$4 ,=47 has rem>k$ t ,opium may act mortally )\t los+ mu* ( its weight 9 ! /oma*--,i %\ld "q ! tru? ( ?is ass]tion4 ,footnote #bcj3 ,vegetable acids are 9 ,nature r>ely ! vehicles ( poisons1 ! mo/ delet]i\s plants be+ in]t 9 ^? p>ts t are impregnat$ ) acid2 ! pulp ( ! fruit ( ! ,/ry*nus1 among/ _m o!rs1 (f]s an illu/ration ( ?is fact4 ,virey4 ,footnote #bca3 ,not)/&+ ?is fact1 we f9d ,v5esection recomm5d$ 9 works on ,toxicology1 z a safe precaution to be us$ aga9/ ! inflammatory action produc$ by ars5ic4 ,! application ( a ligature above an abrad$ surface to :i* a poison has be5 appli$1 prev5ts its effects ^u ! con/itution1 n s mu* by oblit]at+ ! capacity ( ! vessels1 z by induc+ a local ple?ora1 & s susp5d+ ! process ( absorption4 ,footnote #bcb3 ,es*>otic f 1 cru/am induco1 to scab ov]1 to burn into a cru/4 ,footnote #bcc3 ,or 9 a /ill m /rik+ mann]1 by hold+ ov] ! surface ( ! sore a piece ( :ite pap] moi/5$ by ! mix$ solutions ( ,nitrate ( ,silv] & ,ars5i\s ,acid1 :5 ! dis5gag$ ,ammonia w by ! op]ation ( d\ble aff9ity enable ! ,ars5i\s ,acid to decompose ! salt ( ,silv]1 & to display ! pres5ce ( ! ,ars5iate ( t metal by its *>act]i/ic yell[ indication4 ,i am n acqua9t$ ) any te/ = ,ammonia s summ>y & satisfactory z ?is4 ,see ,ars5icum 9 ,vol4 #b ( ?is "w4 ,footnote #bcd3 ,!re are f\r species ( worms g5]at$ 9 ! human inte/9es1 viz4 ,! ,tnia1 or tape-worm--,tricocephalus1 or ,tri*uris--,asc>is ,v]micul>is1 or ,asc>ides--& ,lumbricoides4 ,footnote #bce3 ,x is a v curi\s fact t vegetable bitt] %\ld be s ess5tial to ! wellbe+ ( ! high] ord] ( animals1 z expla9$ at page #gi1 & yet prove s g5]ally de/ructive to insects4 ,flies are almo/ imm$iately de/roy$ by an ,infusion ( ,quassia1 & ,nature has protect$ ! e> f ! invasion ( insects by provid+ an int5sely bitt] secretion4 ,footnote #bcf3 ,! read] is also ref]r$ to an acc\nt ( ,maj5die's exp]im5ts z relat$ at page #hf ( ?is volume4 ,footnote #bcg3 ,fi%1 especially ^? ( ! cetace\s tribe1 con/antly decompose wat]1 & live ^u its hydrog54 ,footnote #bch3 ,rum=d's ,essays1 ,vol4 #a4 p4 #aid-bjb4 ,footnote #bci3 ,i select$ x z ! exclusive subject ( my ,lectures be=e ! ,royal ,college ( ,physicians1 dur+ ! ye> #ahbj4 ,footnote #bdj3 ,x 0 wisely said by ,"l ,bacon1 8t ,man %\ld obs]ve all ! workman%ip1 & ! p>ticul> work+s ( ,nature1 & m$itate :i* ( ^? may be transf]r$ to ! ,arts40 ,advancem5t ( ,le>n+1 ,book v4 #adh4 ,= a fur!r illu/ration ( ^! views1 ! p>tiality ( an au?or may p]haps be excus$ if he ref] ! read] to 8 pap] 8,on ! ,rec5t ,s&/one10 publi%$ 9 ! fir/ volume ( ! ,royal ,geological ,society ( ,cornwall4 ,footnote #bda3 ,! practition] mu/ receive ! t]m simil>1 conv5tionally1 z express$ at page #ga4 ,_m ( ^? sub/ances :i* we are at pres5t b\nd to consid] simil>1 w no d\bt1 require to be transplant$ into o!r classes z ! progress ( physiological k %all elucidate _! modes ( action4 ,9 ?is attempt to tea* ! ,art ( ,m$ic9al ,comb9ation1 ,i h endeav\r$ to r$uce ! propositions x compreh5ds to ! greate/ degree ( g5]ality ( :i* !y are1 at pres5t1 susceptible4 ,footnote #bdb3 ,num]\s isolat$ /atem5ts ( ! same t5d5cy may be adduc$1 b ^! _c invalidate ! claim ( ,dr4 ,=dyce1 z ! fir/ p]son :o g5]aliz$ ! fact1 & appli$ x ) success to practice4 ,,diem]broeck1 9 8 notes ^u ! ,!riaca ,&roma*i1 obs]ves t ! composition is a m efficaci\s m$ic9e f ! concurr5t p[]s ( s _m +r$i5ts1 alike 9 virtue3 & ,qu9cy1 9 8 ,lectures on ,ph>macy1 :i* 7 publi%$ by ,dr4 ,%aw 9 #agbc1 says 8^? fetid gums :i* are g5]ally prescrib$ 9 ,hy/]ia1 z ,ammoniacum1 ,galbanum1 c4 may be conjo9$ ) advantage1 because f a concurr5ce ( prop]ties1 !y all conspire to ! same end40 ,footnote #bdc3 ,su* 0 ! nature ( ! 8,mu/acea0 ( ! ,romans1 :i* 7 a species ( cake1 us$ at w$d+s1 & consi/$ ( meal1 anise$1 cumm91 & sev]al o!r aromatics2 _! object 0 to remove or prev5t ! indige/ion :i* might be occasion$ by eat+ too copi\sly at ! m>riage ent]ta9m5t4 ,x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t ?is comp\nd 0 bett] adapt$ = su* a purpose ?an ! mod]n ,bride-cake1 to :i* x gave orig94 ,cato 7de ,r4 ,r4 c4 #aba7 has giv5 u a receipt = ! ,roman bride-cake4 ,footnote #bdd3 ,dr4 ,maj5die goes s f> ev5 z to ass]t1 t by v>y+ ! diff]5t prep>ations ( ! same ,n>cotic1 we %all be bett] able to keep up its action on ! animal conomy1 )\t an increase ( its dose4 ,he adds1 8,"s ,engli% writ]s h d5i$ ! tru? ( ?is obs]vation3 b !y h n giv5 any reasons = _! scepticism4--,:y %\ld x n be true80 ,footnote #bde3 ,x w\ld ev5 appe> probable t 9 "s cases m]curial influ5ce has1 aft] its subsid5ce1 be5 r5ew$ by doses ( ,opium3 a rem>kable in/ance ( ?is k9d is relat$ 9 ,hufel&'s ,j\rnal 7vol4 ix47 9 :i* an old woman is said to h fall5 into a consid]able salivation aft] e dose ( ,opium2 %e _h previ\sly appli$ to ! physician = an ext5sive ulc]ation ov] h] body1 & _h tak5 a consid]able quantity ( m]cury2 b ! effects _h subsid$1 until r5ew$ by ! opium4 ,footnote #bdf3 ,x has be5 obs]v$ "u ! hi/ory ( ,emetics 7p4 #hd71 t 9 cases ( pr(\nd intoxication1 or 9 ^? ( viol5t w\nds & contusions ( ! head1 vomit+ w n take place1 h[ev] =cibly ! /oma* may be goad$ by an emetic1 :]eas if ! bra9 be only p>tially influ5c$1 z by incipi5t intoxication1 or by a less viol5t bl[ on ! head1 its irritability is increas$ in/ead ( be+ p>alys$1 & t vomit+ "u su* circum/ances is excit$ by ! slighte/ causes2 j s is x ) reg>d to ,n>cotics1 a p[]ful dose s p>alyses ! n]v\s sy/em1 t ! /oma* _c be made to reject its cont5ts1 z e "o mu/ h obs]v$ 9 cases ( n>cotic poison+1 :ile small] doses1 l less] injuries ( ! head1 dispose ! /oma* to sickness4 ,footnote #bdg3 ,sir ,gilb]t ,blane has advanc$ an +5i\s hypo!sis to expla9 ! cause ( ! ftid brea? ( p]sons "u ! influ5ce ( m]cury2 :i* might p]haps also %ew :y c]ta9 rem$ies are r5d]$ m effici5t by comb9ation ) m]cury4 ,"o ( ! active effects ( m]cury1 says ,sir ,gilb]t1 is to alt] ! natural s5sibility ( ! ,lacteals1 s t :5 "u its influ5ce1 !y absorb indiscrim9ately t :i* is excrem5titi\s & nutritive2 h5ce ! smell ( ! brea?1 s9ce ! ftid p>ticles are c>ri$ into ! circulation1 & ?r[n (f 9 ! halitus ( ! lungs1 or by ! saliv>y gl&s1 9 consequ5ce ( ! m\? ( ! lacteals los+ t select+ tact1 :]eby 9 _! s\nd /ate !y reject :atev] is (f]$ to !m1 except ! *yle4 ,n[ if m]cury acts z ! 8,soporata ,(fa0 to ! lacteals1 x is evid5t t its comb9ation ) active matt] may1 on "s occasions1 facilitate ! absorption ( ! latt]4 ,footnote #bdh3 ,9 "s cases1 h[ev]1 ! en]gy ( an active bitt] w\ld seem to be dim9i%$ by an alkali2 & x may !re=e be m prud5t to adm9i/] su* sub/ances at diff]5t p]iods4 ,i appreh5d t ! p[]s ( ,squill are ?us invalidat$ by a fix$ alkali4 ,footnote #bdi3 ,! ,arabian & ,greek physicians sc>cely notic$ ! leaves1 b always employ$ ! pods ( ,s5na2 a fact :i* w expla9 ! op]ation ( ?is plant1 z obs]v$ by !m4 ,footnote #bej3 ,mac ,cullo* on ,w9e4 ,edit4 #b4 p4 #db4 ,footnote #bea3 ,if ! facts /at$ 9 ?is section be true1 we are b\nd to recognise two ord]s ( m$ic9al elem5ts1--! "o compreh5d+ ^? t possess an inh]5t & indep5d5t activity1--! o!r1 ^? t are 9 !mselves in]t1 b :i* are capable ( imp>t+ impulse & increas$ en]gy to ! =m] :5 comb9$ ) !m4 ,z ?is is a new view ( ! subject ( vegetable comb9ations1 no apology is necess>y = ! introduction ( new t]ms = its explanation2 ,i !re=e propose to designate ! =m] ( ^! ,,sub/antive1 & ! latt]1 ,,adjective con/itu5ts4 ,:5 ! /ructure ( vegetable rem$ies %all h be5 ?or\ghly exam9$ ^u ?is pr9ciple ( comb9ation1 mu* m$ic9al obscurity w be remov$1 & probably "s ph>maceutical improvem5ts ( value sugge/$2 at all ev5ts x w tea* a lesson ( prud5t caution to ! ph>maceutic *emi/2 x w %ew ! dang] ( 8 remov+ ?is or t elem5t f a vegetable comp\nd1 m]ely because he f9ds1 ^u its sep>ation1 t x is in]t4 ,i dwell ! m ^u ?is po9t1 because ,i feel t !re nev] 0 a p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( m$ic9e1 at :i* su* a caution 0 m necess>y2 = :ile ! poly-ph>macy ( our ance/ors has driv5 ! physician ( ! pres5t day into a simplicity ( prescription t on _m occasions abridges 8 p[]s & res\rces1 ! progress ( *emical k has diffus$ ?r\gh ! class ( manufactur+ *emi/s a bold _s ( adv5ture & empiricism1--a mis*iev\s prop5sity to torture our be/ rem$ies1 9 ord] to conc5trate or extract ! p>ts :i* !y consid] to con/itute _! ess5tial +r$i5ts4 ,a ,memoir has lately be5 pres5t$ to ! ,,philomatic ,,society ,,( ,,p>is1 by ,m4 ,robiquet1 on ! subject ( ,aroma1 :i* af=ds "s important analogies 9 pro( ( ! law ( comb9ation1 :i* ,i am n[ endeav\r+ to elucidate4 ,f ! exp]im5ts ( ?is labori\s *emi/ x w\ld appe>1 t od\rs are n z ,f\rcroy suppos$1 ! effect ( ! simple solution ( c]ta9 bodies 9 air1 b t = _! developem5t1 "s ?ird body 7co9cid+ 9 its (fice ) my ,,adjective con/itu5t7 possess+ 9 itself none ( ! *>act]i/ic od\r1 is absolutely necess>y z an int]m$e1 v>y+ 9 its nature accord+ to t ( ea* odor\s body1 9 ! same way t ! mordant requires to be v>i$ by ! dy]1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! col\r+ matt] :i* x is int5d$ to fix on ! clo?2--?us ,amb]gris has 9 itself v little od\r1 b ! addition ( ,musk developes a v /rong & decid$ "o2 ?is also happ5s 9 a less degree ) ,lav5d]1 & ! p]fum]s !re=e add a small quantity ( musk to ! di/ill$ wat] ( ?is plant4 ,9 o!r cases1 ,ammonia l5ds1 z x 71 its volatility to bodies1 ! od\r ( :i* )\t su* an auxili>y1 w\ld be sc>cely s5sible2 ?is is exemplifi$ by ! practice ( p]fum]s expos+ _! musk & o!r sub/ances to ! atmosph]e ( privies :5 !y lose _! p[]3 7,paul ,amman3 ,m&uct3 ad ,mat3 ,m$37 s aga9 9 ord] to give pung5cy to snuff x is made to suff] ! comm5cem5t ( f]m5tation1 9 :i* case ammonia is g5]at$2 & x is a curi\s fact t ! od\r ( ! be/ snuff may be de/roy$ by mix+ ) x a little t>t>ic acid1 by :i* its ammoniacal salt is neutraliz$4 ,9 "s in/ances ! adjective +r$i5t seems to be ,sulphur1 z 9 ! ess5tial oils ( "s cruci=m plants1 & p>ticul>ly 9 t ( mu/>d se$1 = ,m4 ,robiquet f\nd t ?is oil lo/ its od\r by be+ kept 9 contact ) a metallic surface1 & t an inodor\s oil rema9$1 :ile ! metal became a sulphuret3 p]haps1 adds ,m4 ,robiquet1 x may be sometimes necess>y = ! full & exquisite developem5t ( od\r 9 ^! bodies to add ano!r vehicle1 ?us ! addition ( a little ,acetic acid height5s ! od\r ( ,mu/>d4 ,iron has little1 or no od\r2 b :5 volatiliz$ ) hydrog51 its od\r is v p[]ful4 ,! smell ( copp] & brass mu/ dep5d ^u "s circum/ance n well und]/ood4 ,footnote #beb3 ,a/ruc1 & o!r practition]s ( ! same s*ool1 always premis$ a m]curial c\rse ) v5esection3 x is probable t _m ( ! anomalies obs]v$ 9 ! mod]n application ( ?is rem$y may h aris5 f an inatt5tion to ! diet ( ^? :o are "u m]curial influ5ce4 ,m]cury is 9 itself a mo/ p[]ful /imulant1 & ought !re=e to be accompani$ ) depletion & l[ diet2 besides :i*1 ! exp]im5ts ( ,maj5die h %ewn h[ greatly su* a /ate ( ! sy/em w exp$ite ! effects ( ! m]curial rem$y4 ,footnote #bec3 ,dr4 ,eb]le1 ( ,philadelphia1 9 a "w lately publi%$1 has quot$ ! above passage1 & rem>ks1 t he has long be5 acqua9t$ ) ! fact :i* x ann\nces2 al?\gh he proposes to acc\nt = x by a diff]5t tra9 ( reason+2 he consid]s t ,nauseants enc\rage m]curial ptyalism1 by fav\r+ an afflux to ! saliv>y gl&s4 ,! le>n$ au?or mu/ all[ me to congratulate him ^u ?is =tunate discov]y2 unless 8 pati5ts be bless$ ) z mu* apa?y z 0 ev] assum$ by ! ,gilb]t9e ord] ( ,b5$ict9es1 he ne$ nev] 9 future despair ( influ5c+ !m by m]cury4 ,he has only to condemn ! refractory to meagre f>e1 & !n to tantalize !m1 z poor ,san*o 01 9 8 gov]nm5t1 ) ! sight1 or r smell1 ( a sav\ry di%1 & he w )\t d\bt secure 8 object1--b1 to be s]i\s1 if ,dr4 ,eb]le's views be correct1 h[ w he expla9 ! modus op]&i ( fe>1 z relat$ 9 ! text8 = ! t5d5cy ( fe> is to dim9i% ! saliv>y secretion1 z w be h]eaft] m5tion$4 ,footnote #bed3 ,fe>1 contr>y to joy1 decreases1 = a "t1 ! action ( ! extremities ( ! art]ial sy/em1 z is se5 by ! sudd5 pal5ess :i* succe$s1 & ! %r9k+ or contraction ( ! vessels ( ! sk94 ,m4 de ,ha5 relates ! case ( a pa9t] :o suff]$ convulsions1 :i* 7 succe$$ by a return ( 8 colic4 ,9 ?is case ! poison :i* _h be51 = a long "t1 admitt$ into 8 con/itution 9 consequ5ce ( 8 daily employm5t1 01 by ! passion ( ang]1 imm$iately br\ght into action4 ,x 0 =m]ly obs]v$ by ,citois1 t ! inhabitants ( ! prov9ce ( ,poit\1 :o _h suff]$ anxiety ( m9d on acc\nt ( any mis=tune to !mselves or family1 7 p>ticul>ly susceptible ( ! disease4 ,footnote #bee3 ,h[ admirably d ! results ( ,maj5die's exp]im5ts co9cide ) ?is reason+2 see page #hd2 & yet ,dr4 ,eb]le1 9 ! "w quot$ bel[1 appe>s unwill+ to admit su* a !ory4 ,footnote #bef3 ,a treatise ( ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 & ,!rapeutics1 by ,j4 ,eb]le1 ,m4,d4 ,9 two volumes4 ,philadelphia1 #ahbb4 ,footnote #beg3 ,9 ! same mann] is ! saliv>y secretion imm$iately influ5c$ by ! op]ation ( ! m9d2 ! sight ( a delici\s repa/ to a hungry man is n m effectual 9 excit+ x1 ?an is ! op]ation ( fe> & anxiety 9 repress+ & susp5d+ x4 ,:5ce we are l$ to believe1 t ! ,h9doo ,ordeal by ,rice may h occasionally assi/$ 9 ! ends ( ,ju/ice4 ,?is ordeal 0 conduct$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,! p]sons suspect$ ( any crime be+ assembl$ 9 a r+1 a c]ta9 portion ( dri$ rice 0 giv5 to ea*1 :i* !y 7 direct$ to *ew = "s m9utes1 & !n to turn x out ( _! m\?s ^u ! leaves or b>k ( a tree4 ,^? :o 7 capable ( return+ x 9 a pulpy =m 7 at once acquitt$1 :ile ^? f ^: m\?s x came out dry1 7 pron\nc$ guilty4 ,see ,m$ical ,jurisprud5ce1 ,introduct4 ,vol4 #a4 p4 viii4 ,footnote #beh3 ,! capacity ( our dige/ive organs suffici5tly te/ifies t nature nev] int5d$ !m = ! reception ( highly conc5trat$ food1 :ile ?is idea is f>!r /r5g!n$ by p]ceiv+ h[ sp>+ly %e produces conc5trat$ alim5t2 ! sac*>9e matt] ( escul5t fruits is g5]ally bl5d$ ) acidul\s & mucilag9\s +r$i5ts2 & ! oleag9\s pr9ciple ( se$s1 k]nels1 & o!r simil> sub/ances1 is comb9$ ) f>9ace\s matt]3 ! capacity obs]vable 9 ! organs ( gram9ivor\s animals evid5tly %ews t !y 7 also design$ = a l>ge bulk ( food1 & n = prov5d] 9 :i* ! nutritive matt] is conc5trat$2 ! gram9e\s & legum9\s vegetables d n pres5t _! nutritive matt] 9 a sep>ate /ate1 nor is ! animal furni%$ ) an app>atus by :i* he c sep>ate ! *aff & /raw f ! gra91--! obvi\s inf]5ce is1 t he 0 int5d$ to fe$ indiscrim9ately on bo?4 ,"s ye>s ago ,i con/ruct$ a ,logometric scale ( ,equival5ts1 analog\s 9 pr9ciple to t :i* ,i h n[ introduc$ "u ! title ( ! 8,,m$ic9al ,,dynamet]10 to %ew ! relative nutritive /r5g? ( diff]5t vegetables1 & to "w problems connect$ ) !m2 ,i soon f\nd1 h[ev]1 t unless bulk 0 tak5 into calculation1 x 0 incapable ( furni%+ ev5 an approximation to tru?4 ,footnote #bei3 ,m$4 ,repos4 ,nov4 #ahbb4 ,footnote #bfj3 ,a ,practical ,inquiry into ,disord]$ ,respiration1 p4 #bdc4 ,footnote #bfa3 ,d4 ,"y's ,m$ical ,lit]ature1 ,edit4 #b4 p4 #egj4 ,footnote #bfb3 ,! vegetable k+dom pres5ts u ) _m natural comp\nds ( ?is k9d2 sev]al ( :i* might be press$ into ! s]vice ( m$ic9e ) mu* advantage4 ,) respect to ! numb] & v>iety ( su* sub/ances1 x mu/ be confess$ t our ,ph>macopia conta9s b a meagre bill ( f>e4 ,footnote #bfc3 ,! same reason+ w expla9 :y ,engli% hops1 t conta9 m ,gallic ,acid & ,tann9 ?an ^? import$ f ! ,cont95t1 are f\nd to be sup]ior z pres]vatives ( be]4 ,footnote #bfd3 ,!rapeutics1 vol4 #b4 p4 #dgj4 ,footnote #bfe3 ,?is subject has be5 ably illu/rat$ by ,mr4 ,r4 ,phillips1 9 8 translation ( ! ,london ,ph>macopia1 by a s]ies ( v>y /rik+ & in/ructive diagrams4 ,footnote #bff3 ,see my "w on ,m$ical ,*emi/ry3 ,sect4 ,precipitation4 ,footnote #bfg3 ,an +5i\s application ( ?is law has be5 made = ! purpose ( purify+ ,epsom ,salts4 ,see ,magnesi ,sulphas2 & also my "w on ,m$ical ,*emi/ry1 ,art3 ,solution4 ,footnote #bfh3 ,amnitates ,academ2 ,t4 #g4 p4 #cjg4 ,footnote #bfi3 ,see also a pap] 9 ! ,,m$ical ,,transactions1 vol4 #b4 entitl$1 8,sev]al extraord9>y in/ances ( ! cure ( ,dropsy1 by ,,george ,,bak]1 ,m4 ,d4 ,read ,septemb] #i1 #agga40 ,footnote #bgj3 ,! mo/ subtle ( all poisons1--! matt] ( febrile contagion1--is c]ta9ly modifi$ 9 activity by ! degree ( moi/ure 9 ! atmosph]e influ5c+ its solubility2 ! ,plague is said to be mo/ common 9 ,egypt aft] ! inundation ( ! ,nile1 a p]iod at :i* ! atmosph]e is necess>ily saturat$ ) wat]2 accord+ to ! acc\nt ( ,sir ,rob]t ,wilson1 ! ,engli% & ,turki% armies t m>*$ to ,cairo escap$ contagion1 :ile ! troops t rema9$ /ation>y on ! moi/ %ore ( ,ab\kir1 7 v sev]ely visit$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,h>mattan1 a w9d exp]i5c$ on ! we/]n coa/ ( ,africa1 betwe5 ! ,equator & fifte5 degrees ,nor? ,latitude1 bl[+ f nor?-ea/ t[>ds ! ,atlantic1 & :i*1 9 consequ5ce ( its passage ov] a v ext5sive space ( arid l&1 is necess>ily *>act]iz$ by excessive dryness1 puts an end to all ,epidemics1 z ! ,small ,pox2 & infection at su* a "t does n appe> to be easily communicable ev5 by art4 ,philosophical ,transactions1 vol4 #ba4 ,! difficulty ( communicat+ infection to animals dur+ a dry /ate ( ! air1 z rem>k$ on ! ,we/]n ,coa/s ( ,africa1 dur+ ! bl[+ ( ! ,h>mattan1 agrees ) "s obs]vations on ,plague by ! ,fr5* physicians1 z ?is compla9t fir/ made its appe>ance 9 ! ,fr5* army dur+ a moi/ /ate ( ! air 9 ,syria1 :5 x lay "u ! walls ( ,jaffa 9 ,febru>y1 #ahjj4 ,x is a well kn[n fact t volatile bodies are soon] conv]t$ into a gase\s /ate by ! pres5ce ( wat] 9 ! atmosph]e2 ?is is /rik+ly exemplifi$ by ! great] rapidity ) :i* ,lime/one is burnt & r$uc$ to quick-lime 9 moi/ wea!r1 & by ! assi/ance :i* is r5d]$ 9 a dry season1 by plac+ a pan ( wat] 9 ! a%-pit2 s aga9 ! p]fume ( fl[]s is mo/ s5sible :5 ! air is humid1 z dur+ ! fall ( ! ev5+ dew1 or 9 ! morn+ :5 ! dew evaporates1 & is dissipat$ by ! rays ( ! ris+ sun2 = ! same reason ! /5* ( putrid dit*es & common sew]s1 is convey$ to ! organs ( smell mu* m spe$ily 9 summ] previ\s to ra91 :5 ! air is *>g$ ) moi/ure4 ,footnote #bga3 ,!y are previ\sly calc9$1 b n burnt to lime1 to an ext5t only t may de/roy _! t5acity1 & r5d] !m fit = levigation4 ,footnote #bgb3 ,a simil> cu/om is common to ! ,indians ( ! :ole ( ,asia1 & ( ,am]ica2 = ! practice ( ! ,s\? ,am]ican ,indians1 see ,humboldt's ,p]sonal ,n>rative4 ,9 ,india1 ,betel1 v>i\sly comp\nd$1 is employ$ = ! purpose above /at$4 ,! mixture m commonly us$ 9 ,ceylon consi/s ( quick-lime1 ,arecanut1 & ,tobacco1 wrapp$ 9 ,betel leaf4 ,on ord9>y occasions x is only ma/icat$2 b to repress ! pa9ful calls ( hung]1 ! juice is swall[$4 ,footnote #bgc3 ,vol4 viii4 p4 #cc4 ,footnote #bgd3 ,dr4 ,mac,culloch1 9 illu/ration ( ?is subject1 /ates1 t ink1 pa/e1 & se$s1 are among ! common articles :i* suff] f su* a cause1 & to :i* ?is rem$y is easily applicable4 ,) respect to articles ( food1 su* z bread1 cold meats1 or dri$ fi%1 x is less easy to apply ! rem$y1 on acc\nt ( ! ta/e2 cloves1 h[ev]1 & o!r spices ^: flav\rs are grateful1 may sometimes be us$ = ?is end4 ,x is notori\s t g+]bread1 & bread conta9+ c>away se$s1 are f> less liable to m\ld9ess ?an pla9 bread4 ,! effect ( cloves 9 prev5t+ ! m\ld9ess ( ink is g5]ally kn[n2 & ! same result may be obta9$ by oil ( lav5d] 9 a v m9ute quantity1 or by any o!r ( ! p]fum$ oils4 ,russian lea!r1 :i* is p]fum$ ) ! t> ( ! ,bir* tree1 is n subject to m\ld9ess1 z mu/ be well kn[n to all :o possess books ?us b\nd2 !y ev5 prev5t x f tak+ place 9 books :i* are b\nd 9 calf1 & ne> :i* !y may happ5 to lie4 ,pa/e is ano!r p]i%able article1 & al?\gh ,alum :i* is us$ by ! book-b9d] w c]ta9ly pres]ve x long] ?an x w\ld rema9 useful )\t x1 /ill x is n v effectual4 ,ros91 sometimes us$ by ! %oemak]1 answ]s ! purpose bett]1 & appe>s to act entirely on ?is pr9ciple2 x is h[ev] f> less effectual ?an ev5 oil ( turp5t9e2 ,lav5d]1 & ! o!r /rong p]fumes1 z ,pepp]m9t1 ,anise1 & ,b]gamot1 are p]fectly effectual1 ev5 9 a v small quantity1 & pa/e may be ?us pres]v$ = any l5g? ( "t4 ,footnote #bge3 ,m$ical ,logic1 ,edit4 #b4 p4 #aib1 note4 ,footnote #bgf3 ,x appe>s f :at has be5 /at$ "u ,section ,i4 ,b4 ) respect to ,,diuretics1 t "s m$ic9es n only assi/1 b actually ,,direct ! op]ation ( ! sub/ances ) :i* !y may be associat$1 & t _m rem$ies act 9 unison ) ^? !y are jo9$ )2 ?us ,nitre 9 conjunction ) ,squill is diuretic2 9 conjunction ) ,guaiacum1 diaphoretic2 = ^! reasons ,i hesitat$ :e!r ,i ought n to h add$ a fif? con/itu5t1 & re/or$ ! 8,dirig5s0 ( anci5t au?ors2 en\gh1 h[ev]1 has be5 said to enable ! practition] to appreciate ! importance ( su* a law ( m$ic9al comb9ation4 ,footnote #bgg3 ,dr4 ,p]cival 9 8 ,essays1 +5u\sly exemplifies ?is error by /at+ a case :i* occurr$ 9 8 own practice4 8,i ord]$10 says he1 8a comb9ation ( ,camphor & ,balsam ( ,copaiba 9 ! =m ( pills1 b ! apo!c>y in=m$ me t he 0 unable to =m !m into a mass1 s9ce !y liquefi$ l treacle40 ,i may "h obs]ve t ! addition ( a small portion ( ! coagulat$ yolk ( an egg1 w\ld h r5d]$ ! mixture practicable4 ,footnote #bgh3 ,?is w\ld occur1 if 9 mak+ ! ,pilul ,f]ri ,composit1 we 7 to sub/itute ! ,liquor ,potass = ! ,sod ,sub-c>bonas4 ,footnote #bgi3 ,! 8,ph>macopia ,bateana0 conta9s a ,=mula = a 8,t9ctura ,antiph?isica10 :i* is /at$ to be 8a truly good m$icam5t 9 ^? consumptions :i* proce$ f ulc]s ( ! lungs40 ,! foll[+ is ! ,receipt--4 ,sac*3 ,saturn3 ij--,sal ,m>tis j--,infus3 ,spir3 ,v93 j--,dose f tw5ty to =ty drops4 ,9 ?is case an insoluble ,sulphate ( ,lead mu/ be =m$1 :i* w r5d] ! m$ic9e1 z f> at lea/ z its saturn9e effects are conc]n$1 completely in]t6 ,footnote #bhj3 ,?is fact has be5 v satisfactorily prov$ by ! failure ( ! practical attempts :i* 7 made by ,dr4 ,macbride ( ,dubl91 to improve ! art ( tann+ lea!r by ! use ( ,lime-wat]1 in/ead ( pla9 wat]1 :i* he conceiv$ w\ld extract ! virtues ( ,oak ,b>k m completely4 ,! read] :o is desir\s ( a m detail$ acc\nt ( ?is plan mu/ ref] to ,phil4 ,trans4 ,vol4 lxxiii4 "p #a1 ,art4 #h4 ,footnote #bha3 ,we tru/ ^! obs]vations w n create any al>m 9 ! wor?y ,citiz52 he may1 ) z mu* safety z pleasure1 cont9ue ! laudable practice ( regal+ himself & fri5ds ) a cup ( /rong tea1 9 spite ( ! ,turtle s\p !y may h tak51 & t too )\t ! lea/ dang] ( conv]t+ _! /oma*s into tann]ies1 or _! food into lea!r4 ,footnote #bhb3 ,= a highly +5i\s1 & important ext5sion ( ^! views1 see ,aqua ,m>9a4 7,note47 ,footnote #bhc3 ,m4 ,dive1 an apo!c>y ( ,mont de ,m>son1 has lately ann\nc$ t a curr5t ( c>bonic acid1 :5 pass$ ?r\gh a solution ( ,t>trate ( ,potass1 p>tly decomposes x2 & he ascribes to ! same ag5t ! production ( ! ,bi-t>trate 9 ! juice ( ! grape dur+ its f]m5tation3 accord+ly1 by mix+ neutral t>trate ) f]m5table mat]ials1 we %all produce ,cream ( ,t>t> 9 ! f]m5t$ liquor4 ,j\rnal de ,ph>m4 ,octob4 #ahba4 p4 #dhg4 ,footnote #bhd3 ,9 "o rem>kable case relat$ by ?is ,physician1 ! op]ation ( ! unbruis$ mu/>d-se$ is /at$ to h be5 promot$ by comb9+ x ) a decoction ( ,broom-tops4 ,qu]y1 ,0 n ! adjunct 9 ?is case ! only effici5t "p ( ! rem$y8 ,footnote #bhe3 ,! ^w 8,v55um10 0 employ$ by ! anci5ts to signify bo? a poison & a m$ic9e2 9 ! =m] ( ^! acceptations x is us$ by ,virgil 9 ! foll[+ passage3 8,picus equum domitor1 quem capta cupid9e conjunx ,aurea p]cussum virga1 v]sumque ,,v55is1 ,fecit avem ,circe1 sp>sitque coloribus alas40 neid4 ,lib4 vii4 ,9 ! latt] s5se x is us$ by ,plautus-- 8,quia sorbitione faciam ego te hodie mea ,item1 ut ,m$ea ,peliam concoxit s5em1 ,quem m$icam5tis1 et suis ,,v55is dicitur ,fecisse rursus ex s5e adolesc5tulum ,item ego te faciam40 ,footnote #bhf3 ,see ! diss]tation on ! op]ation ( ,emetics1 page #hd4 ,footnote #bhg3 ,cases & ,obs]vations1 illu/rat+ ! influ5ce ( ! ,n]v\s ,sy/em1 9 regulat+ animal heat1 by ,h4 ,e>le1 ,esq42 publi%$ 9 ! #g? volume ( ! ,m$ico-,*irurgical ,transactions4 ,footnote #bhh3 ,by ! use ( ?is ^w ,i wi% to be di/9ctly und]/ood z express+ only c]ta9 effects1 )\t any reg>d to ! causes t may produce !m4 ,! ph5om5a ( ,accumulation may on "s occasions dep5d ^u ! absolutely increas$ quantity ( ! sub/ance 9 ! body1 z 9 ! in/ance ( m]curial action1 :ile 9 o!rs !y may p]haps arise f ! sy/em becom+ m & m s5sible to its /imulus4 ,! hi/ory ( ,poisons w\ld af=d "s int]e/+ illu/rations ( ^! views1 & 9 ano!r "w 7,m$ical ,jurisprud5ce1 ,vol4 #b1 p4 #adh71 ,i h propos$ a subdivision ( ^! bodies1 "u ! title ( 8,accumulative ,poisons40 ,footnote #bhi3 8,di>y ( an ,invalid40 ,footnote #bij3 ,m$4 ,transact4 ,vol4 #a1 p4 #e4 ,footnote #bia3 ,see ,hi/orical ,introduction4 ,footnote #bib3 ,! ,me*anical ,physicians attempt$ to adju/ ! doses ( m$ic9es accord+ to ! con/itution1 by a ma!matical rule2 ?us !y say1 8! doses are z ! squ>es ( ! ,con/itution40 ,& 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,m$ical ,essays1 !re is actually a =mal attempt to correct ! errors ( ?is rule4 ,see 8,an ,essay t[>ds asc]ta9+ ! doses ( vomit+ & purg+ ,m$ic9es1 by ,dr4 ,,*>les ,,balguy1 ,physician at ,pet]bor\gh40 ,vol4 #a4 #afg4 ,footnote #bic3 ,:ile ?is %eet 0 pass+ ?r\gh ! press1 an anecdote 0 relat$ to me1 :i* is well calculat$ to illu/rate ! mis*ief t may arise f abbreviat$ prescriptions4 ,"o ( our mo/ em95t surgeons hav+ occasion to direct ! application ( a ,lead ,pla/] 7,empla/3 ,ly?>gyi4 ,p4 ,l4 #aghg71 he abbreviat$ ! t]m z foll[s--,emp4 ,ly?3 9 ! ha/e ( comp\nd+1 ! h1 p]haps c>elessly writt51 0 easily mi/ak5 = t1 & ! *emi/ accord+ly s5t ! ,empla/3 ,lytt6 ,z x 0 appli$ to ! ,pud5da1 x is n necess>y to /ate ! di/ress ( ! pati5t1 & ! dismissal ( ! practition]1 :i* foll[$4 ,footnote #bid3 ,camphor1 unless x be pres5t$ to ! /oma* 9 a /ate ( m9ute division1 is liable to occasion heat & uneas9ess 9 t organ4 ,fo!rgill's ,m$4 ,obs]v4 vol4 i4 p4 #dcb4 ,footnote #bie3 ,9 "s cases ! subject to be pulv]iz$ has be5 previ\sly expos$ to heat1 b ! d\btful influ5ce ( exalt$ temp]ature ^u vegetable bodies1 ought to af=d u a lesson ( extreme caution2 ! a/r+5cy ( ! /alks ( ! ,arti*oke is entirely de/roy$ by be+ g5tly heat$ 9 an ov51 = aft] ?is op]ation !y no long] /rike a black col\r ) ! salts ( iron3 ano!r example is af=d$ u 9 ! effects ( heat ^u ,/>*1 :i* is ?us *ang$ into a species ( gum1 no long] produc+ a blue col\r ) ,iod9e1 & :i* is kn[n 9 comm]ce "u ! "n ( 8,briti% ,gum40 ,footnote #bif3 ,x is p]haps n g5]ally kn[n1 t ! sug>$ plumbs sold to *ildr5 consi/ v frequ5tly ( ,plai/] ( ,p>is2 ! introduction ( su* a sub/ance into ! inte/9es may (t5 prove a s\rce ( mis*ief4 ,i also und]/&1 t x is no uncommon fraud to adult]ate biscuits ) ! same sub/ance4 ,i confess ,i felt a great incl9ation to oppose ! practice1 lately sugge/$1 ( improv+ bad fl\r by ! addition ( ,magnesia2 ,i object to ! introduction ( any =eign & insoluble sub/ance into our daily bread1 & ,i am satisfi$ t ! result ( m$ical exp]i5ce w sanction su* an objection4 ,footnote #big3 ,edition #b4 #ahbc4--;,i %all avail myself ( ! pres5t opportunity to recomm5d ?is "w to ! p]usal ( e /ud5t :o is ambiti\s to become acqua9t$ ) ! ,lit]ature ( 8 pr(ession4 ,footnote #bih3 ,dr4 ,davy in=ms me t ! ,v$dahs1 a savage race inhabit+ ! wilds ( ,ceylon1 ev5 9 t hot climate1 effectually pres]ve _! v5ison 9 honey4 ,footnote #bii3 ,!re is "o circum/ance :i* sometimes r5d]s ! p[d] ( liquorice objectionable ^u su* occasions2 x is liable to irritate ! fauces & occasion c\gh+3 = ?is reason ,i always avoid its use 9 cases ( pulmon>y irritation4 ,footnote #cjj3 ,"s extracts become s h>d1 t 9 ! /ate ( pill !y pass un*ang$2 ?is has occurr$ to me ) ! extract ( logwood4 ,a/r+5t vegetable matt]1 9 comb9ation ) iron1 is frequ5tly *>act]is$ by a h>dness t is n exce$$ by ebony1 & :i* is p]fectly insoluble2 ! action ( iron ^u ! petals ( ! r$ rose furni%es a v /rik+ in/ance ( ?is fact2 if ! petals be beat5 9 an iron mort>1 = "s h\rs1 !y ultimately become conv]t$ into a pa/e ( an int5sely black hue2 :i*1 :5 roll$ into beads & dri$1 is susceptible ( a mo/ beautiful poli%1 /ill reta9+ ! fragrance ( ! rose4 ,i h se5 a necklace ( ?is description2 inde$ ^! beads =m an article ( ext5sive comm]ce ) ! ,turks1 & are import$ into ,europe1 ?r\gh ,au/ria1 "u ! "n ( ,rose ,beads or ,rose ,pe>ls4 ,footnote #cja3 ,crell's ,annals1 #agih4 vol4 #a4 ,footnote #cjb3 ,a rem$y may ev5 owe its virtues to a precipitation1 produc$ by admixture1 z ,i h already /at$4 ,footnote #cjc3 ,see my "w on ,,m$ical ,,*emi/ry1 ,sect4 ,cohesion4 ,footnote #cjd3 ,cly/] f eluo1 to wa% out4 ,footnote #cje3 ,practical ,obs]vations on ! ,treatm5t & ,cure ( sev]al ,v>ieties ( ,pulmon>y ,consumption2 & on ! ,effects ( ! ,vap\r ( ,boil+ ,t> 9 t ,disease4 ,by ,sir ,a4 ,cri*ton1 ,m4 ,d4 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 c4 ,london1 #ahbc4 ,footnote #cjf3 ,pl9y 7,nat ,hi/4 ,lib4 xxiii4 cap4 #f47 has ! foll[+ int]e/+ allusion to ! subject ( ,t> fumes1 8,silvas eas duntaxat qu picis res9que gratia raduntur1 utilissimus esse ph?isicis aut qui longa gritud9e non recollig5t vires1 satis con/at2 et illum cliara plus ita quam navigationum gyptiani pr(ic]e1 plus quam lactes h]b$os p] montium /iva potus40 ,footnote #cjg3 1 f 1 irrigo4 ,footnote #cjh3 ,ill9ire1 to besme>4 ,footnote #cji3 4 ,?is t]m 0 =m]ly appli$ to any m$icam5t1 solid or liquid1 employ$ to re/ra9 defluxions2 f 1 inhibo to /op1 & fluxio1 a runn+4 ,footnote #caj3 ill9o1 to besme>4 ,footnote #caa3 ,see ,ph>macopia ,*irurgica4 ,footnote #cab3 ,annales de ,*imie1 vol4 xxxiii4 p4 #eb4 ,footnote #cac3 ,a respectable ,oilman ( ! "n ( ,,/]ry1 9 ! ,bor\gh1 prep>es a pla/] ( ?is description1 :i* is s\ght aft] ) great avidity4 ,:at a bless+ x w\ld be ^u ! community if e no/rum 7 equally innocu\s6 ,footnote #cad3 ,p]sons :o are expos$ to fatigue by ! /&+ po/ure1 su* z wa%]wom51 c4 are p>ticul>ly liable to sores ( ! legs1 :i* may be prev5t$ & cur$ by af=d+ ?is artificial support4 ,footnote #cae3 ,9 my ,lectures ,i h usually employ$ diff]5t col\rs = ! purpose ( express+ ! objects ( ea* +r$i5t 9 a =mula2 9 ?is mann] v useful & in/ructive *>ts might be con/ruct$3 ?is h9t may p]haps induce ! indu/ri\s /ud5t1 :o is anxi\s to become a ma/] 9 ! art ( prescrib+1 to attempt a synopsis ^u ?is plan4 ,footnote #caf3 ,9 ^! ,=mul ! ,b>k is decompos$1 by ! alkali2 ! comb9ation ( ! ,k9ic acid & ,c9*onia be+ torn asund]2 b z ! prep>ation is n filt]$1 ! febrifuge pr9ciple is tak5 into ! /oma* 9 a /ate ( activity4 ,footnote #cag3 ,?is =mula is introduc$1 z a comb9ation support$ by au?ority1 al?\gh x may be que/ion$ :e!r its adoption c be sanction$ ^u pr9ciple4 ,let u decyph] ! int5tion ( ! diff]5t +r$i5ts by _! ,,key ,,lett]s4 ,! basis is ,squill1 to :i* ,digitalis is add$1 = ! purpose we p]ceive ( act+ 9 unison ) x1 & ,calomel1 :i* succe$s x1 is int5d$ to promote & direct ! diuretic ,basis2 two ftid gums next pres5t !mselves to our notice1 & ^! are %ewn by ! bracket to ex]t a comb9$ action1 dep5d+1 z ! ,key ,lett] ann\nces1 ^u ! m$ic9al simil>ity1 b act+ 9 ! g5]al s*eme ( ! =mula1 z %ewn by ! ext]ior lett]1 = ! purpose ( fulfill+ a second indication1 di/9ct & diff]5t f t :i* ! ,basis is design$ to answ]1 i4 e4 to produce1 n a diuretic1 b an antispasmodic & /imulant effect2 an important "q !n arises = our consid]ation--,is ! latt] "p ( ! =mula consi/5t ) ! =m]1 or is ! /imulant effect ( ! ,gums compatible ) ! s$ative op]ation ( ,digitalis8 ,footnote #cah3 ,abes ab abeo1 quod 9 clum longe abeat4 ,footnote #cai3 ,dr4 ,maton1 9 8 app5dix to ,mr4 ,lamb]t's "w on ! g5us ,p9us1 obs]ves t ! ,?us ( ! anci5ts1 77 does n appe> to h be5 ! product ( any species ( ,p9us1 al?\gh we are in=m$ by ,dioscorides 7,lib4 #a4 c4 #g47 t ,p9e res9 0 (t5 sub/itut$ = x4 ,he describes1 moreov]1 a me?od ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 ! two k9ds2 8,res9 ( ! ,p9e10 says he1 8:5 ?r[n into ! fire dissipates itself 9 smoke1 :]eas ,frank9c5se burns ) a brisk flame1 & ) an od\r t s]ves to detect ! imposition40 8,"s au?ors1 adds ,dr4 ,maton1 h consid]$ ! g5u9e 7,?us7 to h be5 obta9$ f ! ,junip]us ,lycia1 & to con/itute ! ,olibanum ( our %ops1 b ,i _c f9d any passage 9 ! anci5t au?ors suffici5tly precise to corroborate ?is conjecture40 ,op3 citat3 ,footnote #cbj3 ,f n1 & pleasure4 ,footnote #cba3 ,m\ld9ess is a peculi> plant1 propagat$ by se$s1 inf9itely small2 ,reaumur f\nd ! int]ior ( an addl$ egg m\ldy1 h5ce ! se$s mu/ h pass$ ?r\gh ! pores ( ! %ell6 ,dr4 ,maccullo* has lately ann\nc$ ! curi\s fact1 t ! propagation ( m\ld9ess may be prev5t$ by ! pres5ce ( aromatic sub/ances4 ,see p4 #agg1 ,note4 ,footnote #cbb3 ,?is fact has enabl$ ! ,*emi/ to prep>e an indelible ink1 n affect$ by acids4 ,footnote #cbc3 ,,keys]',s ,,antiv5]eal ,,pills consi/ ( ?is m]curial salt1 triturat$ ) ,manna4 ,footnote #cbd3 ,v9eg> qu5*es ! ?ir/1 & is p>ticul>ly refre%+ aft] mu* bodily ex]tion4 ,x 0 ?is prop]ty t invigorat$ ! soldi]s ( ,hannibal 9 _! progress ov] ! ,alps2 x is absurd to imag9e t ,livy meant to ass]t t ! rocks 7 dissolv$ by ,v9eg>3 ! expression is only metaphorical4 ,see ,sod ,murias4 ,footnote #cbe3 ,! v>ieties ( v9eg> kn[n 9 comm]ce1 are ?ree1 viz4 ,w9e ,v9eg>1 ,malt ,v9eg>1 & ,sug> ,v9eg>2 to :i* may n[ be add$ t f wood1 & :i* is describ$ "u ! title ( ,,acidum ,,aceticum ,,=tius1 or ,acidum ,aceticum1 e ligno de/illatum4 ,footnote #cbf3 ,i appreh5d t ! sup]ior p[] ( animal *>coal1 ov] t ( vegetable orig91 9 remov+ col\r+ matt]1 dep5ds ^u ! peculi> texture ( ! =m]4 ,at ! same "t x mu/ be ackn[l$g$1 t !re are c]ta9 ph5om5a :i* w\ld appe> to indicate ! exi/5ce ( a *emical diff]5ce 9 ^! sub/ances2 ?us if ,lime wat] be boil$ ) animal *>coal1 ! :ole ( ! lime w be ab/ract$ f ! wat]1 :]eas ! same effect is n produc$ by ! action ( *>coal ( vegetable orig94 ,see ,liquor ,calcis4 ,footnote #cbg3 ,! ,sulphuric acid is add$ = ! purpose ( pres]v+ ! v9eg> f decomposition4 ,footnote #cbh3 ,?is quantity includes ! alkali necess>y to saturate ! ,sulphuric acid :i* is all[$ to be add$4 #ade gra9s ( alkali is ! /&>d fix$ by act ( ,p>liam5t1 :i* w be f\nd to co9cide ) ! atomic weights ( ^! bodies4 ,footnote #cbi3 ,by real ,acetic acid is meant su* an acid z occurs 9 a dry acetate2 x _c exi/ uncomb9$ ) wat]1 or a base4 ,footnote #ccj3 ,?is is a v anci5t prep>ation1 ?us ,ausonius1 8,scillato decies si cor purg]is aceto ,anticipitesque tuum ,samii ,lucomonis acum540 ,footnote #cca3 ,9 foll[+ ! directions ( ! ,college ! fir/ p9t is reject$1 & ?is1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,phillips 7,rem>ks on ! ,ph>macopia7 conta9s a notable quantity ( acid4 ,h5ce ,di/ill$ ,v9eg> c nev] be s /rong z ! ,v9eg> f :i* x is di/ill$4 ,footnote #ccb3 ,or x may be detect$1 9 v m9ute quantities1 by ! elegant te/ lately employ$ by ,dr4 ,m>cet1 & :i* ,i h frequ5tly repeat$ 9 my ,lectures ) consid]able satisfaction4 ,x consi/s 9 add+ a little sulphuric acid ) a small quantity ( muriate ( soda1 & !n imm]s+ a little gold leaf 9 ! mixture1 :5 aft] boil+ x1 if any nitric acid %\ld h be5 pres5t1 ! gold leaf w be dissolv$4 ,footnote #ccc3 ,x _h be5 long kn[n t by ! de/ructive di/illation ( any k9d ( wood1 an acid is obta9$1 :i* 0 =m]ly consid]$ ( a di/9ct & peculi> nature1 & t]m$ ,acid ,_s ( ,wood1 & aft]w>ds ,pyroligne\s ,acid4 ,glaub] appe>s to h be5 ! fir/ *emi/ :o 0 aw>e ( its true nature1 = he speaks ( x z ! 8,v9eg> ( ,wood40 ,x 0 h[ev] res]v$ = ,f\rcroy & ,vauquel9 to demon/rate its composition by exp]im5t1 & !y h accord+ly prov$ beyond d\bt t x is m]ely ! ,acetic acid1 contam9at$ ) ,empyreumatic oil & ,bitum54 ,! address ( mod]n *emi/s has at l5g? enabl$ !m to get rid ( e trace ( ^! latt] +r$i5ts1 & to furni% an acid p]fectly devoid ( any =eign flav\r4 ,! crude pyroligne\s acid1 z x is fir/ receiv$1 is rectifi$ by a second di/illation 9 a copp] /ill1 9 ! body ( :i* ab\t #bj gallons ( viscid t>ry matt] are left f e #ajj4 ,x has n[ become a transp>5t br[n v9eg>1 hav+ a consid]able empyreuma2 x is !n r$i/ill$ & saturat$ ) quick-lime1 & ! liquid acetate is evaporat$ to dryness & submitt$ to g5tle torrefaction1 9 ord] to dissipate ! empyreumatic matt]1 & la/ly ! calc>e\s salt is decompos$ by sulphuric acid1 :5 a pure1 p]fectly col\rless1 & grateful v9eg> rises 9 di/illation4 ,footnote #ccd3 ,?is in/rum5t 0 inv5t$ by ,messrs4 ,taylors = ?is p>ticul> purpose2 ! pr9ciple consi/s 9 =m+ a neutral salt ) dry hydrate ( lime & ! acid to be exam9$1 & !n tak+ ! specific gravity ( ! solution4 ,act #eh4 ,g4 ,,iii4 c4 #fe1 #h4 ,footnote #cce3 ,x may be necess>y to /ate1 t ! ,ph>maceuti/ %\ld nev] pur*ase acetic acid ( great] /r5g? ?an t ( #ge ( ! ,acetomet]1 :5 x is int5d$ = dilution1 = al?\gh he might ?us avoid ! exp5se ( c>riage1 ! sav+ w be m ?an c\nt]balanc$ by ! excessive duty levi$ ^u acids above t /&>d4 ,!re is moreov] a great loss 9 ! prep>ation ( /rong acids1 s t ! manufactur] _c af=d to sell !m at a price :i* is m]ely proportional to _! /r5g?4 ,acid ( #ge is regul>ly kept by ,messrs4 ,beaufoy = dilution1 & if mix$ ) elev5 p>ts ( pure wat] is equival5t to ! common di/ill$ v9eg> ( ! ,ph>macopia4 ,footnote #ccf3 ,x ought to h be5 #ajdh ( #ee ,fah3 b ! error lies 9 ! scale ( ,taylor's ,acetomet]1 :i* appe>s to be incorrect at ?is po9t4 ,footnote #ccg3 ,i believe t no manufactur]1 except ,messrs4 ,beaufoy1 makes an acid /rong] ?an ?is2 ! ,college sample 0 obta9$ f t h\se4 ,footnote #cch3 ,! ,review] ( ,mr4 ,phillip's ,translation ( ! ,ph>macopia1 9 ! ,royal ,in/itution ,j\rnal = ,july1 #ahbd1 has fall5 into an important error ^u ?is subject1 aga9/ :i* x may be necess>y to caution ! read]2 he says1 8! t]m #8dilut$ acetic acid' is prop]ly en\gh appli$ to ,di/ill$ ,v9eg>1 b ! process ( di/illation might well h be5 reject$2 = all m$ical purposes a dilute acid1 compos$ ( "o "p ( ! conc5trat$ acid1 conta9$ 9 ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 & f\r p>ts ( wat]1 is pref]able4 ,( ?is mixture1 or ( di/ill$ v9eg>1 ! specific gravity %\ld be #ajji1 & #ajjj gra9s %\ld saturate #ade gra9s ( ,sub-c>bonate ( ,soda40 ,! review] has mi/ak5 ! acid ( sp4 gr4 #ajdc m5tion$ by ,phillips1 z ! /ronge/ he has met )1 = ! ,ph>macopia acid ( sp4 gr4 #ajdf2 =1 %\ld he dilute ! latt] ) only f\r times its weight ( wat]1 he w\ld produce a comp\nd conta9+ #efhf p] c5t4 ( real acid1 or "o consid]ably /rong] ?an ! /ronge/ malt v9eg>1 & twice ! /r5g? ( di/ill$ v9eg>4 ,! review] takes ?is occasion to indulge 8 fav\rite passion = abus+ ! ,ph>macopia1 & he asks ) an air ( s>casm1 ,:]e 0 ,dr4 ,p>is dur+ ! late revision8 ,i answ]--engag$ 9 ! dis*>ge ( my duty z a humble memb] ( ! ,committee1 & ,i c assure him t no?+ :i* he has yet urg$ has conv9c$ me t ,i h fail$ 9 its fulfilm5t1 or err$ 9 its execution3--b x is n[ my turn to enquire1 & ,i d s ) p]fect good hum\r1 :]e ! review] c\ld h be5 :5 he compos$ ! above passage8 t he 0 n at home1 is ,i ?9k suffici5tly evid5t f ! /atem5t :i* ,i h j (f]$4 ,footnote #cci3 ,a v useful practical application has be5 made ( ! ,pyroligne\s ,acid1 = ! purpose ( correct+ ! excessive ftor att5dant ^u mortification4 ,dr4 ,samuel ,w4 ,moore ( ?is city1 7to :om we are indebt$ = ! sugge/ion17 has detail$ ! p>ticul>s ( a case ( ext5sive mortification ( ! *eek1 result+ f ! use ( m]cury1 9 :i* ! acid 0 appli$1 & ) ! happie/ success4 ,9 a case ( canc]\s brea/1 x 0 also us$ ) ! same object1 & ) simil> effect4 ,! mode ( us+ x is simply to apply pieces ( l9t or l95 wet ) ! acid to ! "p affect$4 ,see ,new-,york ,m$ical ,repository1 ,vol4 #bb4 p4 #bcg4--;,ed4 ,footnote #cdj3 ,,aromatic ,,v9eg> is m]ely an acetic solution ( camphor1 oil ( cloves1 ( lav5d]1 & ( rosem>y4 ,! acetic acid us$ = ?is purpose is ab\t #ade ( ! acetomet]1 conta9+ #fhe p] c5t4 ( real acid4 ,a prep>ation ( ?is k9d may be extemporane\sly made by putt+ j ( ,acetate ( ,potass into a phial ) a few drops ( "s fragrant oil1 & 9 m xx ( ,sulphuric ,acid4 ,,?ieves ,,v9eg>1 or ,,m>seilles ,,v9eg>1 is a pleasant solution ( ess5tial oils & camphor1 9 v9eg>2 ! ,ed9burgh ,ph>macopia has giv5 a =mula = its prep>ation "u ! title ( 8,acetum ,aromaticum40 ,! repute ( ?is prep>ation z a prophylactic 9 contagi\s fev]s is said to h aris5 f ! confession ( f\r ?ieves1 :o1 dur+ ! plague ( ,m>seilles1 plund]$ ! dead bodies ) p]fect security1 &1 ^u be+ arre/$1 /at$ on condition ( _! lives be+ sp>$1 t ! use ( ,aromatic ,v9eg> _h pres]v$ !m f ! influ5ce ( contagion4 ,x is on ?is acc\nt sometimes call$ 8,le ,v9aigre des quatre voleurs40 ,x 0 h[ev] long us$ be=e ! ,plague ( ,m>seilles1 = x 0 ! con/ant cu/om ( ,c>d9al ,wolsey to c>ry 9 8 h& an orange1 depriv$ ( its cont5ts1 & fill$ ) a sponge :i* _h be5 soak$ 9 v9eg> impregnat$ ) v>i\s spices1 9 ord] to pres]ve himself f infection1 :5 pass+ ?r\gh ! cr[ds :i* 8 spl5d\r or (fice attract$4 ,! fir/ ,plague rag$ 9 #afdi1 :]eas ,wolsey di$ 9 #aeca4 ,! ,fr5* ,codex has a prep>ation ( ?is k9d1 consi/+ ( an acetic infusion ( v>i\s aromatic h]bs & camphor1 :i* is t]m$ 8,acetum ,aromaticum ,alliatum10 seu 8,antisepticum0 vulgo 8des ,quatre ,voleurs40 p4 #ajh4 ,! ,g]man ,disp5satories ab\nd ) ,m$icat$ ,v9eg>s1 *iefly aim$ aga9/ ,pe/il5tial ,diseases4 ,footnote #cda3 ,! m famili> ( ^! are ,bitt] ,almonds1 ! ,*]ry ,laurel 7,lauro ,c]asus17 ! leaves ( ! ,pea* tree1 ! k]nels ( fruit1 pips ( apples1 c4 ,! prussic acid w\ld appe> to be mo/ abundant 9 ! ?9 pellicle t envelopes ! k]nel2 ! fle%y p>ts ( ^! fruits d n conta9 x1 & ev5 ! b]ries ( ! ,lauro ,c]asus may be eat5 ) impunity2 & yet ! di/ill$ wat]1 & oil ( ?is plant are ! mo/ de/ructive ( all n>cotic poisons1 z 0 ev9c$ by ! murd] ( ,sir ,!odosius ,br\ghton1 by ,laurel ,wat]2 & by ! untimely fate ( ,dr4 ,price1 ( ,guild=d1 9 ! ye> #aghb1 :o pr(ess+ to conv]t ,m]cury into ,gold1 (f]$ to repeat 8 exp]im5ts be=e an adequate tribunal1 b put a p]iod to 8 exi/5ce be=e ! appo9t$ day1 by a draught ( ,laurel ,wat]4 ,consi/5t ) !ory1 ! wat]y extract ( ,laurel is h>mless1 a fact easily expla9$1 s9ce ! n>cotic acid is entirely volatiliz$ be=e ! fluid c assume ! consi/5ce ( an extract4 ,! ,laurel ,wat] z a m$ic9al ag5t appe>s to h be5 long kn[n4 ,l9nu1 in=ms u t x 0 frequ5tly us$ 9 ,holl&1 9 pulmon>y consumption4 7,amnitat4 ,academ4 vol4 iv4 p4 #dj47 ,! ,b>k ( ! ,prunus ,padus1 or ,bird ,*]ry ,tree1 0 asc]ta9$ to conta9 ,prussic acid1 by ,m4 ,b]gemann1 9 #ahaa1 & x is c]ta9ly a curi\s fact1 z ,dr4 ,granville has obs]v$1 t sup]/iti\s p %\ld h select$ ! b]ries ( ?is %rub to =m necklaces1 :i* are hung r\nd ! neck ( *ildr5 to prev5t fits & allay c\gh f tee?+4 ,= f>!r in=mation ^u ?is subject1 ! read] may consult 8,! ,*ronological recapitulation respect+ ! ,introduction ( ! ,prussic acid into ! ,practice ( ,physic10 9 ! "w ( ,dr4 ,granville1 above cit$4 ,footnote #cdb3 ,see ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce & ! ,arts1 ,no4 xxv4 ,! foll[+ table compreh5ds _! results4 ,quantity ( liquid ,acid4 ,specific ,gravity4 ,real ,acid p] ,ct4 #ajjj #jiegj #af #fff #jigfh #ajf #egj #jihae #ia #ejj #jihdj #hj #ddd #jihgj #gc #djj #jihij #fd #cfd #jiijj #eh #ccc #jiiad #ec #cjh #jiibc #ej #bhf #jiicj #df #bej #jiidj #dj #bbb #jiide #cf #bjj #jiieb #cb #ahb #jiieh #cj #aff #jiifd #bg #aed #jiifg #be #adc #jiigj #bc #acc #jiigc #ba #abe #jiigd #bj #aah #jiige #agg #aje #jiigh #afh #ajj #jiigi #afj ,footnote #cdc3 ,= a detail$ acc\nt ( ?is poison1 see my "w on ,m$ical ,jurisprud5ce1 vol4 ii4 p4 #cih4 ,footnote #cdd3 ,x seems to be a conte/ = a %ad[4 ,footnote #cde3 ,we agree ) our au?or 9 ! g5]al e/imate :i* he =ms ( ! ,prussic ,acid4 ,! exp]i5ce ( practition]s 9 ?is c\ntry has by no means confirm$ ! high expectations orig9ally ent]ta9$ ( ?is article4 ,ed4 ,footnote #cdf3 ,! only m9]al sub/ances 9 :i* ?is acid has be5 f\nd is ! ,f] ,azur ( ,haiiy1 & a new sub/ance :i* is f\nd accompany+ ,wel% ,culm1 & ( :i* ,i h giv5 an acc\nt 9 ! fir/ volume ( ! ,transactions ( ! ,royal ,geological ,society ( ,cornwall1 al?\gh 9 ?is latt] in/ance x is probably a product1 n an educt4 ,footnote #cdg3 ,! foll[+ is ! *emical reason+ ^u :i* ?is process is f\nd$4 8,! prime equival5t ( prussic acid is exactly "o-eigh? ( t ( ! m]curial p]oxide4 ,b z ! prussiate ( m]cury consi/s ( two primes ( acid to "o ( base1 or is 9 its dry cry/all9e /ate a ,by-cyanide1 we h ! relation ( "o to f\r 9 ! =mation ( t salt1 :5 we act on ! p]oxide ) cold prussic acid40 ,h5ce is d]iv$ ! above simple rule ( analysis4 7,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce & ! ,arts47 ,^u ! same pr9ciple x has be5 already /at$1 t ! quantity ( real acetic acid1 9 any giv5 sample ( di/ill$ v9eg> may be discov]$ by ! te/ ( c>bonate ( lime1 see ,acid4 ,acetic4 ,=t4 ,!y furni% beautiful illu/rations ( ! practical importance ( ! doctr9e ( ,def9ite ,proportions4 ,footnote #cdh3 ,?is (f]s a /rik+ example ( ! confusion produc$ by ! con/ant *anges 9 *emical nom5clature2 9 ! =m] editions ( ?is "w1 ! t]m ,hydro 0 prefix$ to ,muriatic ,acid1 z an epi!t expressive ( ! pres5ce ( wat]1 :]eas ! same ^w is n[ us$ to d5ote ! exi/5ce ( ,hydrog5 z "o ( its elem5ts4 ,footnote #cdi3 ,dr4 ,p[ell directs only two p>ts ( acid2 b ?is is evid5tly too little1 = x appe>s by ,dr4 ,wolla/on's scale1 t #c p>ts ( salt require #b ( oil ( vitriol = _! decomposition2 & 9 addition to ?is1 ! oxide ( manganese w require a f>!r addition to conv]t x into a sulphate4 ,footnote #cej3 ,z ,*lor9e is by pressure cond5sable into a liquid1 tubes conta9+ a small quantity ( x1 & h]metically seal$1 might be v usefully employ$ = ?is purpose1 s9ce by break+ (f ! extremity1 ! *lor9e w\ld in/antly assume ! gase\s /ate1 & diffuse itself ?r\gh ! ap>tm5t4 ,footnote #cea3 ,!re is a curi\s illu/ration ( ?is fact 9 ! ,g]man 8,ephem]ides20 ! case ( a p]son is describ$ :o _h tak5 s mu* ,elixir ( ,vitriol t 8 keys 7 ru/$ 9 8 pocket1 by ! transudation ( ! acid ?r\gh 8 sk96 ,footnote #ceb3 ,nitric acid may be consid]$ z "o ( ! mo/ effici5t ag5ts 9 our possession = excit+ prompt vesication4 ,= ?is purpose1 we believe x 0 fir/ us$ 9 ! epidemic ,*ol]a ( ! ,ea/ ,indies1 & ! success :i* att5d$ x 9 t fatal disord] sugge/$ its application 9 a v>iety ( o!r diseases4 ,! mode ( us+ x is to rub ! surface int5d$ to be vesicat$1 ) ! pure acid1 & z soon z pa9 is produc$1 to neutralize ! acid by wa%+ ! "p ) a solution ( salt ( t>t>4 ,if ! object is to cont9ue ! irritation1 a common bli/] may be laid ^u ! "p4 ,ed4 ,footnote #cec3 ,nitr\s acid gas is a comb9ation ( nitr\s gas & oxyg54 ,footnote #ced3 ,,elixir ,,( ,,vitriol4 ,! prep>ation sold "u ?is "n is ! ,acid3 ,sulph3 ,aromat3 ,e4 & is imp]fectly !rial 9 its nature4 ,x is a grateful m$ic9e4 ,a spuri\s article is (t5 sold = x1 :i* is no?+ b ! dilut$ acid1 col\r$ by ! addition ( a t9cture4 ,i w take ?is occasion to /ate1 t ! t]m ,elixir is ( ,arabian orig91 viz4 ,ele*s*ir1 or ,elikscir1 i4 e4 an ,ess5ce1 or pure mass )\t any dregs4 ,footnote #cee3 ,! ,dubl9 college1 on ! au?ority ( ,willd5[1 admits ! ,a4 ,neomontanum1 z ! species ( ,aconite :i* has always be5 us$ 9 m$ic9e2 al?\gh ! o!r colleges1 9 consequ5ce ( a botanical error ( ,/erck1 :o introduc$ x into practice1 direct ! ,a4 ,napellus4 ,footnote #cef3 ,see note "u ! article opium4 ,footnote #ceg3 ,axunge1 f its be+ us$ z ! grease ( :eels1 ab ,axe rot>um qu unguuntur4 ,footnote #ceh3 ,,dr4 ,,smellone',s ,,o9tm5t ,,= ,,! ,,eyes4 ,x consi/s ( half a dra*m ( ,v]digris f9ely p[d]$ & rubb$ ) oil1 & !n mix$ ) an ounce ( yell[ ,basilicon1 7,c]atum ,res91 ,p4 ,l47 ,footnote #cei3 ,alcohol is a t]m ( ,al*emical orig91 & signifi$ ! pure sub/ance ( bodies1 sep>at$ by sublimation f ! impure p>ticles1 z ,alcohol ,antimonii1 c4 ,footnote #cfj3 ,g>lic1 leeks1 & onions con/itute a tribe ( cul9>y vegetables t has und]gone great vicissitudes 9 reputation3 among/ ! ,egyptians ! onion & leek 7 e/eem$ z div9ities1 ?us ,juv5al1 8,o sanctas g5tes quibus hc nascuntur 9 hortis ,,num9a60 :ile by ! ,greeks1 g>lic 0 dete/$1 al?\gh _! husb&m5 _h be5 f ! mo/ remote antiquity 9 ! habit ( eat+ x1 :i* milius ,mac] expla9s by suppos+ t its /rong od\r 0 useful 9 driv+ away ! v5om\s s]p5ts & insects by :i* !y 7 infe/$4 ,horace alludes to ?is cu/om 9 8 #c;d ,epode1 :i* he compos$ 9 consequ5ce ( hav+ be5 made viol5tly sick by g>lic at a supp] ) ,macnas4 8,cicutis ,allium noc5tius ,o dura ,messorum ilia60 ,! mo/ p[]ful antidotes to ! flav\r ( ?is tribe ( vegetables are ! aromatic leaves & se$s ( ! ,,umbellif]2 ?us ! disagreeable od\r ( a p]son's brea? aft] ! +e/ion ( an onion is be/ c\nt]act$ by p>sley2 & if leek or g>lic be mix$ ) a comb9ation ( aromatic +r$i5ts1 its virul5ce w be greatly mitigat$ & correct$1 nor does ! fact seem to h escap$ ! obs]vation ( ! husb&man 9 ,virgil1 8,allia1 ,s]pyllumque1 h]bas contundit ol5tes40 ,eclog4 #b4 l9e #aa4 ,& ! fact itself (f]s an additional illu/ration ( ! important pr9ciple ( comb9ation1 discuss$ at page #adh4 ,footnote #cfa3 ,,taylor',s ,,rem$y ,,= ,,deafness4 ,g>lic infus$ 9 oil ( almonds1 & col\r$ by alkanet root4 ,footnote #cfb3 ,dr4 ,sib?orpe1 9 8 ,flora ,grca1 /ates t ! ,aloe ,vulg>is is ! true ,aloe describ$ by ,dioscorides4 ,footnote #cfc3 ,f ! action :i* aloes ex]cises ov] ! l>ge inte/9es x has long be5 suppos$ t ! cont9u$ use ( x caus$ ! production ( hemorrhoids4 ,x w\ld seem h>dly possible t an op9ion1 s g5]ally receiv$1 c\ld be )\t "s f\ndation2 &1 no d\bt1 9 _m cases x may produce su* an effect4 ,9 my own exp]i5ce1 h[ev]1 ,i d n recollect to h met ) x 9 a s+le in/ance1 ev5 :]e its use _h be5 cont9u$ = sev]al mon?s 9 succession4 ,ed4 ,footnote #cfd3 ,,&]son',s ,,pills consi/ ( ! ,b>badoes ,aloes ) a proportion ( ,jalap1 & ,oil ( ,anise$4 ,,hoop]',s ,,pills4--,pil4 ,ales cum ,myrrha1 7,pil4 ,rufi7 ,sulphate ( ,iron1 & ,canella ,b>k1 to :i* is add$ a portion ( ,ivory ,black4 ,,dixon',s ,,antibili\s ,,pills4--,aloes1 ,scammony1 ,rhub>b1 & ,t>t>iz$ ,antimony4 ,,spe$iman',s ,,pills4--,aloes1 ,myrrh1 ,rhub>b1 ,extract ( ,*amomile1 & "s ,ess5tial ,oil ( ,*amomile4 ,,d9n] ,,pills--,,lady ,,web/]',s1 ,,or ,,lady ,,crespigny',s ,,pill4 ,^! popul> pills are ! 8,pilul ,/oma*ic10 vulgo1 8,pilul ante cibum0 ( ! ,codex ,m$icam5t>ius ,p>isi5sis4 ,editio ,qu9ta1 ,a4,d4 #ageh4 viz4 4 ,aloes optim vj1 ,ma/i*es1 et ,ros>um rubr>um ij1 ,syrupi de ,abs9?io q1 s1 ut fiat massa1--! mass is divid$ into pills ( #c gra9s ea*4 ,! op]ation ( ?is pill is to produce a copi\s & bulky evacuation1 & 9 ?is respect exp]i5ce has fully e/abli%$ its value4 ,x is difficult to expla9 ! modus op]&i ( ! ,ma/i*e1 unless we suppose t x dep5ds ^u its divid+ ! p>ticles ( ! ,aloes1 & !reby modify+ its solubility4 ,,fo!rgill',s ,,pills4--,aloes1 ,scammony1 ,colocyn?1 & ,oxide ( ,antimony4 ,,pet]',s ,,pills4--,aloes1 ,jalap1 ,scammony1 & ,gamboge1 equal "p ij--,calomel i4 ,,radcliffe',s ,,elixir--4 ,aloes ,socot3 vi1 ,cort3--,c9namon et ,rad3 ,z$o>3 ss--,rad3 ,rhei i4--,cocc9el3 ss--,syrup3 ,rhamni fij--,_s3 ,t5uior3 oj--,aqu ,pur fv4 ,,beaume ,,de ,,vie1 see ,decoct3 ,aloes compositum4 ,,! ,,elixir ,,( ,,longevity1 ( ,dr4 ,j]nitz ( ,sw$54 ,?is is an aromatic t9cture1 ) ,aloes4 ,footnote #cfe3 ,! be/ mode ( us+ alum z a /yptic is t ( a tepid saturat$ solution4 ,9 ?is =m x proves mu* m efficaci\s 9 arre/+ hemorrhage ?an 9 ! usual way ( apply+ x4 ,dr4 ,scudamore1 to :om we are indebt$ = ?is obs]vation1 has detail$ "s /rik+ & int]e/+ exp]im5ts satisfactorily prov+ its correctness4 ,see 8,scudamore on ! ,blood40 p4 #aeg4--;,ed4 ,footnote #cff3 ,,godfrey',s ,,smell+ ,,salts4 ,?is highly pung5t prep>ation is obta9$ by resublim+ ! common sub-c>bonate ( ammonia ) pe>la%1 & a proportion ( rectifi$ _s4 ,! sub-c>bonate ( potass 9 ?is case1 ab/racts a fre% portion ( c>bonic acid f ! ammoniacal salt4 ,its atomic composition has n yet be5 asc]ta9$1 b x w probably be f\nd to consi/ ( equal atoms ( c>bonic acid & ammonia1 & mu/ !re=e be a true ,c>bonate4 ,footnote #cfg3 ,x appe>s t ?is is n ! only article t has suff]$ 9 its quality by ! *eap mat]ials :i* h be5 br\ght into ! m>ket f ^? works4 ,i und]/& t ! practical *emi/ c obta9 little or no ,naph?a f ! ,b>badoes ,t>1 ow+ to its adult]ation ) ! residue ( ! gas light process4 ,footnote #cfh3 ,,noyau4--,crme de ,noyau4 ,bitt] ,almonds blan*$ #a oz4 ,pro( _s half a p9t1 ,sug> #d oz4 ,x is sometimes col\r$ ) co*9eal4 ,! =eign ,noyau1 al?\gh diff]5tly prep>$1 is indebt$ to ! same pr9ciple = its qualities4 ,x is a liqueur ( a fasc9at+ nature1 & _c be tak5 to any consid]able ext5t )\t dang]2 ! late ,duke ,*>les ( ,lorra9e ne>ly lo/ 8 life f swall[+ "s 8,eau de ,noyau10 7wat] di/ill$ f ,pea* k]nels7 too /rongly impregnat$4 ,j\rnal des ,debats1 #bb1 ,decembre1 #ahad4 ,footnote #cfi3 ,,almond ,,pa/e4 ,?is ,cosmetic = s(t5+ ! sk9 & prev5t+ *aps1 is made z foll[s3 ,bitt] almonds blan*$ #d oz42 ! :ite ( an egg2 rose wat] & rectifi$ _s1 equal p>ts1 z mu* z is suffici5t4 ,footnote #cgj3 ,= ! d]ivation ( ?is t]m1 & rem>ks !reon1 see p4 #ch4 7,note74 ,footnote #cga3 ,! fecula ( v>i\s gra9s are employ$ z articles ( diet = ! sick1 e4 g4 ,,sago1 prep>$ f ! pi? ( ! ,cycas ,circ9alis1 its granul> =m is imp>t$ to x by pass+ x1 :5 half dry1 ?r\gh a co>se sieve4 ,,salop1 f ! ,or*is ,mascula4 ,,tapioca f ! root ( ! ,jatropa ,manhiot4 ,by express+ ! root ( ?is plant1 ! juice ( :i* is extremely acrid1 & bak+ ! cake t is left1 an alim5t>y sub/ance is prep>$ call$ ,,cassava1 ! peculi> m]it ( :i*1 l tapioca1 is to swell & s(t5 9 wat]1 & ?us to make an excell5t pudd+4 ,,arr[ ,,root is f ! ,m>anta ,arund9acea4 ,! arr[ root h[ev]1 usually sold1 is ! fecula ( potatoes2 #ajj lbs4 ( :i* w\ld yield ab\t #aj lbs4 ( fecula1 & x is wor?y ( rem>k t = ?is purpose froz5 potatoes answ] z well z ^? n spoil$ by ! fro/4 ,dr4 ,a9slie1 9 8 ,mat]ia ,m$ica ( ,h9do/an1 in=ms u t 8an excell5t ,arr[ root1 if x may be s call$1 is n[ prep>$ 9 ! ,travancore c\ntry f ! root ( ! ,curcuma ,angu/ifolia1 no way inf]ior to t obta9$ f ! ,m>anta ,arund9acea40 ,footnote #cgb3 ,! me?od ( d$uc+ ! value ( se$s1 f _! relative weights1 appe>s to h be5 "o ( ! e>lie/ in/ances ( ! art ( tak+ specific gravities2 ?us ,pl9y 7,nat4 ,hi/4 lib4 xviii47 e/imat$ ! relative weights ( sev]al species ( gra94 ,footnote #cgc3 ,,*amomile ,,drops4 ,! no/rum sold "u ?is "n is a _s flav\r$ ) ! ess5tial oil ( ,*amomile4 ,x is v obvi\s t x _c possess ! bitt] tonic ( ! fl[]s4 ,footnote #cgd3 ,,! ,,ev]la/+ ,,pill ( ! anci5ts consi/$ ( metallic ,antimony1 :i* be+ slightly soluble 9 ! ga/ric juice 0 suppos$ to ex]t ! prop]ty ( purg+ z (t5 z x 0 swall[$4 ,?is 0 economy 9 "r e>ne/1 = a s+le pill w\ld s]ve a :ole family dur+ _! lives1 & might be transmitt$ z an heir-loom to _! po/]ity4 ,we h he>d ( a ,lady :o hav+ swall[$ "o ( ^! pills1 became s]i\sly al>m$ at its n pass+2 ^u s5d+ h[ev] = h] physician1 he consol$ h] ) ! assurance t x _h already pass$ ?r\gh a hundr$ pati5ts ) ! be/ effect4 ,footnote #cge3 ,! mann] ( do+ x among ! ,turks1 is describ$ by ,%aw & ,russel4 ,*ateaubri& also rem>ks1 8,! wom5 ( ,a!ns appe> to me small] & less h&some ?an ^? ( ! ,morea1 _! practice ( pa9t+ ! orbits ( ! eyes blue1 & ! ends ( ! f+]s r$1 is disagreeable to ! /rang]40 ,dr4 ,badham has also giv5 u an int]e/+ note ^u ?is subject 9 8 le>n$ ,translation ( ,juv5al4 ,sat4 ,,ii4 #a4 #ada4 ,see also ! pres5t "w1 p4 #di4 ,footnote #cgf3 ,! ,sulphuret ( ,antimony is an +r$i5t 9 ,,spilsbury',s ,,drops4 ,see ,hydr>gyri ,oxy-murias4 ,dr4 ,duncan also obs]ves t x seems to con/itute a quack rem$y :i* has acquir$ "s reputation 9 ,irel& = ! cure ( canc]1 :]e x is us$ z an ext]nal application to ! sore4 ,footnote #cgg3 ,?is sal9e body 0 fir/ made kn[n by ,adrian de ,mynsi*t 9 8 ,!saurus ,m$ico-*ymicus1 publi%$ 9 #afca2 al?\gh x appe>s probable t ! prep>ation 0 sugge/$ by a treatise1 entitl$ 8,me?odus 9 ,pulv]em10 publi%$ 9 ,italy 9 #afbj4 ,?is book1 writt5 by ,dr4 ,corna*9us1 gives an acc\nt ( a me?od ( prep>+ a p[d] :i* _h be5 inv5t$ by ,dudley1 ,e>l ( ,w>wick1 & :i* _h acquir$ consid]able celebrity 9 ,italy2 ?is p[d] 0 compos$ ( ,scammony1 ,sulphuret ( ,antimony1 & ,t>t]1 triturat$ toge!r4 ,footnote #cgh3 ,!re is a ,t>trate ( ,antimony1 b x c sc>cely be made to cry/allize2 x easily assumes a gelat9\s =m2 & x may be "h obs]v$ t ,antimony is "o ( ^? metals ^: oxides seem to comb9e ) difficulty1 & to =m comp\nds ( little p]man5cy ) acids1 unless !re be pres5t at ! same "t an alkali or e>?2 & _! solutions1 9 mo/ cases1 yield1 on dilution1 a :ite precipitate4 ,footnote #cgi3 ,! comp\nd ( ,t>t>iz$ ,antimony & ,b>k1 is said to purge1 & to con/itute ! 8,bolus ad ,qu>tanas0 ( ! ,fr5* physicians4 ,footnote #chj3 ,! ,sug> is add$ ) a view to prev5t ! o9tm5t f becom+ rancid4 ,footnote #cha3 ,,norris',s ,,drops4 ,a solution ( t>t>iz$ antimony 9 rectifi$ _s1 & disguis$ by ! addition ( "s vegetable col\r+ matt]4 ,i am cr$ibly in=m$ t ! orig9al recipe conta9$ opium1 b t :i* ,i h exam9$1 & :i* 0 procur$ f a respectable ag5t1 yield$ no indications ( its pres5ce4 ,footnote #chb3 ,h>d wat] has a t5d5cy to produce diseases 9 ! sple5 ( c]ta9 animals1 especially %eep3 ?is is ! case 9 ! ea/]n side ( ! isl& ( ,m9orca1 z we are in=m$ by ,cleghorn4 ,! mis*iev\s t5d5cy ( bad wat]1 :]e x _c be correct$ by "s *emical process1 w\ld seem to be be/ c\nt]act$ by bitt] vegetables4 ,virey supposes t ?is circum/ance fir/ induc$ ! ,*9ese to infuse ! leaves ( ! tea plant4 ,footnote #chc3 ,alp9i in=ms u t ,elephantiasis is endemial 9 ,egypt2 ,gal5 ascribes x to ! impure wat]s ( ! ,nile1 & ,lucretius adopt$ ! same op9ion4 8,e/ ,elephas morbus1 qui propt] flum9a ,nili ,gignitur gypto 9 ,m$io40 ,footnote #chd3 ,dr4 ,p]cival obs]ves t bricks h>d5 ! s(te/ wat]1 & give x an alum9\s impregnation2 ! common practice ( l9+ wells ) !m1 is !re=e v improp]1 unless !y be cov]$ ) cem5t4 ,footnote #che3 ,! same /rum\s affection occurs at ,sumatra1 :]e ice & sn[ are nev] se52 :ile1 on ! contr>y1 ! disease is q unkn[n 9 ,*ili & ,?ibet1 al?\gh ! riv]s ( ^! c\ntries are *iefly suppli$ by ! melt+ ( ! sn[ ) :i* ! m\nta9s are cov]$4 ,! trials ( ,capta9 ,cook1 9 8 voyage r\nd ! _w1 prove ! :olesom5ess ( ,ice wat] beyond a d\bt2 9 ! high s\!rn latitudes he f\nd a salut>y supply ( fre% wat] 9 ! ice ( ! sea2 8?is melt$ ice10 says sir ,john ,pr+le1 80 n only sweet b s(t1 & s :olesome z to %ew ! fallacy ( human reason+ unsupport$ by exp]im5ts40 ,footnote #chf3 ,i take ?is opportunity ( obs]v+ t ,i h made analyses ( sev]al ( ^? spr+s 9 ,cornwall1 :i* h f "t immemorial enjoy$ a reputation 9 ! neighb\rhood = cur+ diseases1 among/ :i* 7 ! wat]s ( ,holywell1 s nam$ f its suppos$ virtues1 & ^? ( ,p]misc5 ,bay1 equally extoll$ = _! m$ic9al qualities4 ,b ,i h only be5 able to detect m9ute quantities ( c>bonate ( lime1 d]iv$ f infiltration ?r\gh banks ( calc>e\s s&4 ,see ,transactions ( ! ,royal ,geological ,society ( ,cornwall1 ,vol4 ,i4 ,footnote #chg3 ,see 8,rem>ks on ! ,pump wat] ( ,london10 by ,w4 ,heb]d51 ,m4 ,d4 9 ! #a/4 vol4 ( ! ,m$ical ,transactions2 also1 ,acad4 ,royale des ,sci5c4 #agjj1 ,hi/4 pag4 #eh4 ,p]rault ,vitruve4 ,l4 ,,viii4 c4 #e4 ,footnote #chh3 ,i am in=m$ by a respectable *emi/ 9 ?is t[n1 t he sells a l>ge quantity ( alum = ?is v purpose1 z well z to publicans = ! sake ( cle>+ _! spiritu\s liquors2 = ! same end1 we are told1 t ! w9e m]*ants 9 ,p>is put into ea* cask ( w9e z mu* z a p\nd ( alum4 ,footnote #chi3 ,?is is p>ticul>ly ! case ) respect to ! wat] ( ! ,riv] ,?ames2 = z x conta9s b a small proportion ( sal9e matt]1 x is rem>kably s(t1 al?\gh x holds susp5d$ mud1 & vegetable & animal debris1 :i* occasion x to und]go a viol5t *ange on be+ kept3 a l>ge volume ( c>burett$ & sulphurett$ hydrog5 gases is evolv$1 & x becomes black & insuff]ably (f5sive2 ^u rack+ x (f h[ev] into l>ge e>!n vessels1 & expos+ x to ! air1 x gradually deposits a quantity ( black slimy matt]1 & becomes z cle> z cry/al1 & p]fectly sweet & palatable1 & is exce$+ly well adapt$ = sea /ore4 8,,! ,,new ,,riv] ,,wat]0 conta9s a small proportion ( muriate ( lime1 c>bonate ( lime1 & muriate ( soda2 x diff]s also 9 its gase\s cont5ts3 #ajj cubic in*es ( ,new ,riv] ,wat] conta9 #bbe ( c>bonic acid1 & #abe ( common air1 :]eas ! wat] ( ! ,?ames conta9s r a l>ge quantity ( common air1 & a small] proportion ( c>bonic acid4 ,footnote #cij3 ,! law :i* det]m9es su* comb9ations has be5 inve/igat$ ) s+ul> +5uity & success by ,dr4 ,murray1 7,transactions ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,ed9burgh1 #ahaf74 ,b]?ollet _h already e/abli%$ ! important fact1 t comb9ations are (t5 det]m9$ by ! =ce ( cohesion1 9 su* a mann]1 t 9 pr9ciples act+ on ea* o!r1 ^? on :i* ?is =ce op]ates mo/ p[]fully1 9 relation to ! fluid :i* is ! m$ium ( action1 are comb9$ toge!r2 h5ce f a k ( ! solubility ( ! comp\nds :i* sub/ances =m1 we may pr$ict :at comb9ations w be e/abli%$ :5 !y act on ea* o!r1 ^? always comb9+ :i* =m ! lea/ soluble comp\nds4 ,x is = ! ext5sion ( ^! views1 & = ! useful application ( !m1 t we are indebt$ to ,dr4 ,murray1 :o ju/ly obs]ves t if ! =ce ( cohesion c s f> modify *emical attraction1 z to e/abli% among comp\nd salts dissolv$ 9 any m$ium1 ^? comb9ations :5ce ! lea/ soluble comp\nd are =m$1 we are entitl$ to conclude t ! rev]se ( ?is =ce1 i4 e4 ! p[] ( a solv5t1 may produce ! opposite effects1 or cause ! v rev]se ( ^! comb9ations to be e/abli%$1 s t 9 a conc5trat$ m$ium ! lea/ soluble w be =m$1 & 9 a dilute "o1 ! m soluble comp\nds w be e/abli%$4 ,h5ce foll[s ! simple rule by :i* ! actual /ate 9 :i* sal9e bodies exi/ 9 a solution may be det]m9$1 viz4 t 9 any fluid conta9+ ! elem5ts ( comp\nd salts1 ! b9>y comp\nds exi/+ 9 x w be g5]ally ^? :i* are mo/ soluble 9 t fluid1 & ! rev]se comb9ations w only be e/abli%$ by its conc5tration fav\r+ ! influ5ce ( cohesion4 ,x appe>s t by simply evaporat+ a sal9e solution we may produce *anges 9 its composition1 & obta9 products :i* nev] exi/$ 9 its orig9al /ate ( dilution2 ?us1 suppose muriate ( magnesia & sulphate ( soda to be dissolv$ 9 wat]1 z is actually ! case 9 ! wat] ( ! ocean1 & ! solution to be conc5trat$ by evaporation f heat2 ! comb9ations ( sulphate ( magnesia & muriate ( soda1 be+ on ! :ole less soluble 9 wat]1 ?is circum/ance ( inf]ior solubility1 or ! =ce ( cohesion ?us op]at+1 actually det]m9es ! =mation ( ^! comp\nds2 & ! production ( sulphate ( magnesia f ! bitt]n is to be expla9$ ^u ?is pr9ciple4 ,s9ce x appe>s !re=e t ! influ5ce ( solubility is mo/ important1 temp]ature1 to ^: dom9ion x is "u all circum/ances subject1 mu/ necess>ily be alike p[]ful2 let u exemplify ?is fact by ! action ( ! v salts "u consid]ation2 x has be5 j /at$ t muriate ( magnesia & sulphate ( soda decompose ea* o!r 9 a conc5trat$ solution at a high temp]ature1 produc+ muriate ( soda & sulphate ( magnesia1 b at temp]atures bel[ #cb ! rev]se actually takes place1 muriate ( soda & sulphate ( magnesia react+1 & be+ conv]t$ into sulphate ( soda & muriate ( magnesia2 a fact evid5tly ow+ to ! relation ( ! solubility ( ^! salts to temp]ature4 ,muriate ( soda has its solubility sc>cely alt]$1 ei!r by heat or cold2 sulphate ( soda is1 9 ^! respects1 completely ! rev]se2 h5ce at an elevat$ temp]ature1 muriate ( soda is ! lea/1 & sulphate ( soda ! mo/ soluble salt1 :il/ at a l[ temp]ature1 ! rev]se ( ?is happ5s4 ,all ! circum/ances ( ?is inve/igation are mo/ int]e/+2 ! m$ical practition] w at once p]ceive its importance1 z enabl+ him to appreciate ! real nature ( sal9e solutions1 & ev5 9 _m in/ances to pres]ve _! id5tity4 ,see ,aqu ,m9]ales4 ,footnote #cia3 ,!re is a precaution respect+ ! pres]vation ( ^! wat]s = analysis ) :i* ! *emi/ ought to be acqua9t$2 x w be fully expla9$ by ! relation ( ! foll[+ anecdote4 ,m4 ,wurza1 on exam9+ "s bottles ( ,*alybeate wat]1 c\ld detect no signs ( iron 9 !m1 & on seek+ = ! cause ( ?is circum/ance1 he discov]$ x 9 ! a/r+5t nature ( ! corks :i* _h comb9$ ) ! metallic sub/ance1 & ab/ract$ x f ! wat]4 ,footnote #cib3 ,! ,m9]al ,spr+s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates m especially des]v+ ( notice1 are ^? ( ,s>atoga & ,ball/on 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new-,york1 & ( ,s*ooley's ,m\nta9 9 ,new-,j]sey4 ,( ! two fir/1 v>i\s analyses h be5 publi%$ by diff]5t *emi/s1 b ) s little uni=mity ( result z to leave _! true *emical "* /ill 9 a /ate ( unc]ta9ty4 ,an acc\nt ( ^! discrepancies may be se5 9 ! ,new-,engl& ,j\rnal ( ,m$ic9e & ,surg]y = #ahag4 ,z ! analyses ( ,dr4 ,/eel appe> ^u ! :ole to be mo/ satisfactory1 we %all quote !m4 ,"o gallon ( ! wat] 0 ! quantity us$ 9 ! exp]im5ts4 ,,ball/on4 #a4 ,public ,spr+4 ,temp]at4 #ej ,fahr4 ,muriate ( ,soda1 #aei4 ,c>bonate ( ,soda1 #i4 ,c>bonate ( ,lime1 #ge4e ,c>bonate ( ,magnesia1 #b4e ,c>bonate ( ,iron1 #g4 ---------- #bec4 grs4 ,c>bonic ,acid #baj cubic in*es4 #b4 ,l['s ,spr+4 ,temp]at4 #eb4 ,muriate ( ,soda1 #adb4 ,c>bonate ( ,soda1 #aj4 ,c>bonate ( ,lime1 #fd4e ,c>bonate ( ,magnesia1 #a4e ,c>bonate ( ,iron1 #f4 ---------- #bbd4 grs4 ,c>bonic ,acid #bbj cubic in*es4 #c4 ,new ,spr+4 ,temp]at4 #ej4 ,muriate ( ,soda1 #ade4 ,c>bonate ( ,soda1 #ab4 ,c>bonate ( ,lime1 #fa4e ,c>bonate ( ,magnesia1 #i4 ,c>bonate ( ,iron1 #g4e ---------- #bce4 grs4 ,c>bonic ,acid #aei4e4 cubic in*es4 ,,s>atoga4 #a4 ,congress ,spr+4 ,temp]at4 #ej4 ,muriate ( ,soda1 #dga4e ,c>bonate ( ,lime1 #agh4dgf ,c>bonate ( ,soda1 #af4e ,c>bonate ( ,magnesia1 #c4cef ,c>bonate ( ,iron1 #f4afh -------------- #fgf4 grs4 ,c>bonic ,acid #cdc cubic in*es4 ,m rec5tly ?is ,spr+ has be5 analyz$ by ! late ,pr(essor ,,dana1 &1 accord+ to him1 ! con/itu5ts 9 "o qu>t ( wat] are ! foll[+3 ,bi-c>bonate ( ,lime1 #ea4jhj grs4 ,bi-c>bonate ( ,soda1 #ah4dgh ,*loride ( ,sodium1 7common salt17 #ig4jhj ,*loride ( ,magnesium1 7,mur4 ( #i4adj ,magnesia17 ,silex1 ) a trace ( ,iron1 #a4ejj -------------- #agg4bgh grs4 ,uncomb9$ ,c>bonic ,acid ,gas1 #cf4ij cubic in*es4 ,azote1 #a4hj ---------- #ch4gjcic #b4 ,columbian ,spr+4 ,temp]at4 #ej4 ,muriate ( ,soda1 #bja4e ,c>bonate ( ,soda1 #bb4e ,c>bonate ( ,lime1 #aba4 ,c>bonate ( ,magnesia1 #a4e ,c>bonate ( ,iron1 #g4e ---------- #ced4 grs4 ,c>bonic ,acid #bcf cubic in*es4 #c4 ,high rock ,spr+4 ,temp]at4 #dh4 ,muriate ( ,soda1 #baj4 ,c>bonate ( ,soda1 #ah4 ,c>bonate ( ,lime1 #aae4 ,c>bonate ( ,magnesia1 4#e ,c>bonate ( ,iron1 #d4e ---------- #cdh4 grs4 ,c>bonic ,acid #bdc cubic in*es4 ,,s*ooley',s ,,m\nta94 ,accord+ to ! analysis ( ,dr4 ,m#8,nev91 ^! wat]s consi/ ( ,extractive1 #j4ib ,muriate ( ,soda1 #j4dc ,muriate ( ,lime1 #b4dj ,muriate ( ,magnesia1 #j4ej ,c>bonate ( ,lime1 #g4ii ,sulphate ( ,lime1 #j4fe ,c>bonate ( ,magnesia1 #j4dj ,silex1 #j4hj ,c>bonat$ ,oxyd ( ,iron1 #b4jj ,loss1 #j4da ---------- #af4ej ,! diseases 9 :i* ! ,ball/on & ,s>atoga wat]s h be5 recomm5d$ are dyspepsia1 hypo*ondriasis1 hy/]ia1 dropsy1 p>alysis1 *ronic g\t1 rheumatism1 *lorosis1 suppression ( ! m5ses1 & diseases ( ! bladd] & kidneys4 ,! wat]s ( ,s*ooley's ,m\nta91 besides _! g5]al utility 9 diseases ( ! dige/ive organs1 h prov$ em95tly successful 9 calcul\s affections4 ,ed4 ,footnote #cic3 ,new-,york ,m$4 & ,phys4 ,j\rnal1 ,no4 #ba4 p4 #gc4 ,footnote #cid3 ,= ! same purpose ! ,fr5* employ a pomatum prep>$ ) ! oxide ( bismu?1 & x is said to answ] ! int5tion4 ,footnote #cie3 ,,p]man5t ,,ink ,,= ,,m>k+ ,,l954 ,?is prep>ation is a solution ( nitrate ( silv]1 ?ick5$ ) sap gre51 or co*9eal4 ,! prep>+ liquid1 or ,p\nce liquid1 z x is te*nically call$1 ) :i* ! l95 to be m>k$ is previ\sly wett$1 is a solution ( soda1 boil$ ) gum1 or "s animal mucilage4 ,x is a curi\s circum/ance1 t if potass be us$ = ?is purpose1 ! m>k+ ink w run4 ,footnote #cif3 ,nitrate ( ,silv] is commonly call$ an ,es*>otic4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 gives no j idea ( ! prop]ties ( ?is valuable article1 or ( ! uses to :i* x may be appli$4 ,z a local application 9 cases ( ext]nal inflammation1 punctur$ w\nds1 & ulc]s1 ,i h f\nd x a rem$y ( surpass+ utility4 ,x is to ,mr4 ,higg9bottom t we are indebt$ = ! full developem5t ( ?is subject4--,see 8,an ,essay on ! use ( ,nitrate ( ,silv]1 9 ! cure ( ,inflammation1 ,w\nds1 & ,ulc]s40 ,ed4 ,footnote #cig3 ,horse-radi%2 horse-m9t2 bull-ru%2 c4 ,^! epi!ts are ,grecisms2 & 1 i4 e4 horse & bull1 :5 prefix$ to any ^w1 signifi$ no m ?an great2 ?us ! great ,dock1 ,hippo-lapa?um1 & ! horse ( ,alex&] f ! size ( 8 head 0 nam$ ,bucephalus4 ,footnote #cih3 ,an infusion ( horse-radi% is a v anci5t rem$y 9 disord]s ( ! /oma*4 ,9 ,paulus g9eta we %all f9d a lett] writt5 by ,c>ytius ,antigonus1 9 :i* x is highly recomm5d$ = su* a purpose4 ,footnote #cii3 ,! *emi/ may satisfy himself ( ?is fact by heat+ "s ars5i\s acid on a piece ( plat9um foil1 & alt]nately rais+ & depress+ x into ! blue flame ( ! _s1 :5 correspond+ *anges 9 od\r w take place4 ,footnote #djj3 ,x w probably af=d a satisfactory explanation ( ! circum/ance m5tion$ by ,dr4 ,p]cival1 t ! workm5 :o sold] silv] filligree ) an ars5ical alloy1 are nev] affect$ by ! fumes4 ,dr4 ,p]cival does n appe> to h be5 9 ! lea/ aw>e ( ! probable reason ( ?is fact2 he says1 8,?is sold] is melt$ by ! flame ( a lamp direct$ by a bl[-pipe2 ! greate/ "p ( ! ars5ic is evaporat$ by ! bla/ & flame1 & "s "p also ( ! re/ ( ! sold]1 & yet ! m5 appe> to enjoy z good heal?1 & to live z long z o!r arti/s6 ,among/ o!r examples ( ! tru? ( ?is obs]vation1 ,i lately saw 9 ! manufactory at ! ,soho at ,birm+ham1 a man ( m ?an fifty ye>s ( age1 :o _h sold]$ silv] filligree = ?irty-five ye>s1 & _h regul>ly1 dur+ t p]iod1 pass$ f eight to t5 h\rs daily 9 8 occupation1 & yet he 0 fat1 /rong1 active1 *e]ful1 & ( a complexion by no means sickly2 nei!r he nor 8 bro!r arti/s use any means to c\nt]act ! effect ( _! trade40 ,dr4 ,ro!ram1 9 a lett] to ,dr4 ,p]cival1 comm5ts ^u ?is fact1 & says1 8h[ f> ! fluxes us$ 9 sold]+ ! filligree may fix ! p>ts ( ! ars5ic1 or f :at cause ^! workm5 might escape1 ,i d>e n say1 b ,i %\ld not)/&+ /rongly suspect ! fumes ( ?is v volatile & cau/ic m9]al to be v prejudicial40--,i h %ewn above t ars5i\s acid is readily decompos$ :5 heat$ 9 contact ) an oxidable metal1 & ,i appreh5d t ?is fact w expla9 ! reason :y ! fumes ( ! alloy 9 "q are dis>m$ ( _! virul5ce4 ,footnote #dja3 ,9 my "w on ,m$ical ,jurisprud5ce1 7,vol4 ii4 p4 #baf7 ! read] w f9d a v full acc\nt ( ! symptoms produc$ by ?is poison4 ,footnote #djb3 ,,plunkett',s ,,o9tm5t1 consi/s ( ars5i\s acid1 sulphur1 & ! p[d]$ fl[]s ( ! ,ranunculus ,flammula1 & ,cotula ,ftida1 levigat$ & made into a pa/e ) ! :ite ( an egg1 & appli$1 on a piece ( pig's bladd]1 to ! surface ( ! canc]4 ,,pate ,,ars5icale4 ,?is fav\rite rem$y ( ! ,fr5* surgeons consi/s ( #gj p>ts ( c9nab>1 #bb ( sanguis draconis1 & #h ( ars5i\s acid1 made into pa/e ) saliva1 at ! "t ( apply+ x4 ,?is comb9ation1 obs]ves a p]iodical writ]1 is simil>1 ) ! exception ( ! a%es ( ! soles ( old %oes1 to t recomm5d$ by ,fa!r ,cosmo "u ! "n ( 8,pulvis ,anti-c>c9omatosa40 ,,davidson',s ,,rem$y ,,= ,,canc]1 ars5i\s acid1 & p[d]$ hemlock4 ,footnote #djc3 ,9 ! ,j\rnal de ,m$ic9e1 ! foll[+ case ( a woman is relat$ :o 0 kill$ by h] husb& hav+ ins9uat$ p[d]$ ars5ic into ! vag9a1 at ! mom5t ( enjoy+ ! conjugal rites4 8,a woman at ,l5eux1 dep>tm5t de l',our!1 ag$ #dj1 hav+ di$ aft] a %ort illness1 att5d$ ) consid]able tumefaction ( ! g5ital p>ts1 ut]9e hemorrhage1 vomit+1 & purg+1 ! body 0 inspect$ by ord] ( ! mayor1 :5 ! surgeons report$ t !y f\nd ! vulva 9 a /ate ( gangr5e1 ! abdom5 mu* di/5d$ ) air1 & ! inte/9es inflam$ & gangr5\s4 ,! culprit 0 arre/$1 convict$1 & execut$40 ,9 ! ,acts ( ! ,society ( ,m$ic9e ( ,cop5hag51 a simil> crime is record$1 committ$ also by a peasant2 9 ?is latt] case1 al?\gh "s small pieces ( ars5ic 7 f\nd )9 ! vag9a1 yet1 "s d\bt+ ! possibility ( ?is species ( poison+1 ! magi/rates consult$ ! ,college ( ,m$ic9e ( ,cop5hag51 :o decid$ ! "q 9 ! affirmative1 by in/itut+ a s]ies ( exp]im5ts ^u horses4 ,,s+leton',s ,,eye ,,salve1 ,,or ,,gold5 ,,o9tm5t4 ,"u ?is "n is sold a prep>ation :i* consi/s ( sulphuret ( ars5ic 7orpim5t7 ) l>d1 or sp]maceti o9tm5t4 ,! ,ungu5tum ,hydr>gyri ,nitrico ,oxydi ( ! ,london ,college is also sold "u ! same title4 ,,delcroix',s ,,p\dre ,,subtil1 8= remov+ sup]flu\s hair 9 less ?an t5 m9utes406 ,?is fa%ionable depilatory appe>s ^u exam9ation to consi/ ( ,quick-lime & ,sulphuret ( ,ars5ic1 ) "s vegetable p[d]4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 s unequally mix$1 t 9 submitt+ x to analysis1 no two portions af=d$ ! same results4 ,x c sc>cely be necess>y to /ate1 t su* a composition is incapable ( fulfill+ ! int5tion = :i* x is s confid5tly v5d$4 ,9 ,p>is1 ars5ic =ms ! basis ( sev]al bli/]+ c]ates4 ,su* applications _c be safe4 ,footnote #djd3 ,?is sub/ance may be consid]$ z consi/+ ( *>coal1 9 a /ate ( extremely m9ute division1 & ! sub-c>bonate ( potass4 ,x is prep>$ by deflagrat+1 9 a crucible1 two p>ts ( ,sup]-t>trate ( ,potass ) "o "p ( ,nitrate ( ,potass4 ,footnote #dje3 ,9 ord] to close ! end ( ! tube1 :]e a bl[-pipe is n to be procur$1 ! end is to be plac$ 9 a common fire1 until x is completely s(t5$1 & a pair ( small tongs be+ at ! same "t made r$ hot1 ! tube is to be )drawn f ! fire1 & !n heat$ & p9*$ by ! tongs1 & at ! same "t b5t up at an acute angle1 s z to be br\ght p>allel to ! body ( ! tube4 ,! tube is !n to be heat$ a second "t1 & be+ aga9 firmly p9*$ by ! hot tongs1 ! end w be f\nd to be completely imp]vi\s4 ,:]e a glass is n at h& ,mr4 ,r4 ,phillips says a common draught phial may be made to answ] ! purpose1 especially a t5 dra*m phial1 = x is long 9 proportion to its diamet]4 ,9 us+ x1 h[ev]1 c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! suspect$ p[d] & black flux d n rea* ! bottom1 =1 on acc\nt ( its ?ickness1 x w readily break on ! application ( heat4 ,! phial mu/ !re=e be heat$ lat]ally by means ( a _s lamp4 ,footnote #djf3 ,dr4 ,bo/ock has in=m$ u t ! be/ proportions = ?is coat+ are "o "p ( common pipe clay1 to ?ree p>ts ( f9e s&2 :i* are to be well knead$ toge!r1 & r$uc$ to su* a /ate ( t5acity t ! lute w readily adh]e to ! tube1 & its diff]5t p>ts unite1 )\t =m+ a visible seam1 7,ed9b4 ,m$4 ,surg4 ,j\rn4 ,april1 #ahji47 ,footnote #djg3 ,%\ld ! op]ator be unable to procure a _s lamp1 a v conv5i5t sub/itute may be provid$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,let a piece ( t9 plate1 ab\t an in* long1 be coil$ up into a cyl9d] ( ab\t ?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 &1 if ! edges be well hamm]$1 x is n necess>y to use sold]4 ,p]=ate a cork1 previ\sly fitt$ to a phial1 & put a cotton wick ?r\gh ! %ort t9 tube1 & ! tube ?r\gh ! cork4 ,! lamp is n[ complete1 & w af=d a /rong flame1 tak+ c>e ( c\rse n to prev5t ! rise ( ! _s by fitt+ ! cork too closely4 ,footnote #djh3 ,9 ! celebrat$ case ( ,kesl]1 :o 0 tri$ 9 ! /ate ( ,new-,york "s few ye>s ago1 = hav+ poison$ 8 wife ) ars5ic1 ?is v "q 0 agitat$1 & gave rise to mu* le>n$ controv]sy4 ,! physicians orig9ally call$ to exam9e ! body ( ! deceas$1 f\nd1 on dissection1 ! /oma* & inte/9es highly inflam$1 & on ! inn] surface ( ! /oma*1 p>ticles ( a vitre\s appe>ance4 ,^! p>ticles 7 subject$ to v>i\s *emical te/s1 all ( :i* v /rik+ly concurr$ 9 confirm+ ! suspicion t !y 7 ars5ic4 ,^u ?is1 9 connexion ) ! o!r te/imony adduc$ 9 ! case1 ! prison] 0 f\nd guilty & condemn$ to dea?4 ,! m9utes ( ! trial 7 transmitt$ by ! presid+ judge 7,yates7 to ,gov]nor ,cl9ton1 :o submitt$ ! pr(essional "p ( !m to ,dr4 ,m#8,nev9 ( ,new-,york1 = 8 op9ion 9 relation to x4 ,?us call$ ^u1 ,dr4 ,m4 seems to h consid]$ t 8 only duty 0 to f9d fault4 ,objections 7 accord+ly rais$ aga9/ e te/ hi!rto employ$ by ! be/ *emi/s = ! detection ( ars5ic4 ,!y 7 all pron\nc$ to be unc]ta91 & 8! only ?+ to be reli$ on10 accord+ to him1 0 8! exhibition ( ! metal itself 9 its metallic lu/re & /ate40 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is diff]5ce ( op9ion1 ! execution ( ,kesl] 0 susp5d$ by ! ,gov]nor1 & ! :ole case ref]r$ by him to ! ,legislature4 ,t di/+ui%$ body appo9t$ a committee to inve/igate ! bus9ess1 & ! result 0 t ! orig9al v]dict ( ! jury 0 confirm$ by ! ,legislature1 & ! crim9al 0 execut$4 ,x mu/ furni% a s\rce ( ! pure/ gratification to ! m$ical witnesses conc]n$ 9 ?is case1 to f9d _! op9ions s unequivocally & s ju/ly confirm$ by an au?ority s high z ,dr4 ,p>is4 ,= a detail$ acc\nt ( ?is trial we ref] to ,beck's ,m$ical ,jurisprud5ce1 vol4 #b1 p4 #bci4--;,ed4 ,footnote #dji3 ,if any trifl+ opacity occur 9 a simple solution ( ars5ic1 :5 assay$ by ! nitrate ( silv]1 x may be consid]$ z ! effects ( "s casual impurities2 ?is is fur!r demon/rat$ by br++ ov] ! surface ( ! ars5ical liquid1 a piece ( blott+ pap]1 or a /opp]1 moi/5$ ) a solution ( ammonia1 :5 !re w in/antly =m a copi\s yell[ precipitate ( ars5ite ( silv]4 ,if ?is exp]im5t be p]=m$ on a surface ( glass1 laid ov] :ite pap]1 ! result is v /rik+ & beautiful4 ,footnote #daj3 ,annals ( ,philosophy1 vol4 x1 p4 #fj4 ,footnote #daa3 ,london ,m$ical & ,physical ,j\rnal1 ,janu>y1 #ahah4 ,footnote #dab3 ,9 ,w9e & ,port]1 ! solv5t is probably ,t>t>ic acid1 = ! ,ars5ite ( ,silv] is soluble 9 ?is z well z 9 ! acetic & nitric acids4 ,9 ,tea ! solv5t w\ld appe> to be ,tann94 ,! ,ars5ite ( ,silv] is likewise dissolv$ by ! ,t>t>ic acid1 & also1 b n s readily1 by ! ,citric & ,acetic acids4 ,footnote #dac3 ,?is op9ion has lately receiv$ ample confirmation f ! exp]im5ts ( ,dr4 ,*ri/ison1 7,ed9b4 ,m$4 & ,surg4 ,j\rnal1 ,july1 #ahbd7 :o has %ewn t ! process ( ,orfila is objectionable on ! ?ree foll[+ gr\nds1 viz4 #a/4 ,! col\r is v seldom s entirely de/roy$ b t ! precipitates produc$ by "s ( ! te/s /ill deviate to a c]ta9 degree f _! *>act]i/ic t9ts2 & al?\gh ! col\r ( ! fluid be ev5 de/roy$ entirely1 x (t5 re-appe>s 9 ! precipitates4 #b;d4 ,al?\gh ! ,*lor9e de/roys ! col\r1 x does n also take f ! fluid its solv5t action on ! ars5ical precipitates4 #c;d4 ,9 fluids decoloriz$ by ,*lor9e1 & conta9+ no ,ars5ic1 "s ( ! te/s produce precipitates1 n only precisely ! same ) ^? :i* !y cause 9 ! decoloriz$ solutions ( ,ars5ic1 b likewise v simil> 9 appe>ance to ^? caus$ 9 a pure aque\s solution ( ,ars5ic4 ,footnote #dad3 ,! exp]im5ts by :i* ,i asc]ta9$ ?is fact 7 made soon aft] ! publication ( ,mr4 ,phillips's pap]1 & long be=e ,i saw ,dr4 ,*ri/ison's communication 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,j\rnal4 ,i m]ely m5tion ?is circum/ance to add great] weight to ! exp]im5tal evid5ce1 = :5 diff]5t p]sons arrive at ! same conclusion )\t any communication ) ea* o!r1 ! /ronge/ possible te/imony is af=d$4 ,i may also add t my suspicions 7 rais$ to ! probability ( ! fact by a k ( ! action ( *>coal ^u lime wat]4 ,9 a philosophical po9t ( view ! fact is "o ( great int]e/2 x seems to connect ! ph5om5a ( me*anical & *emical attraction4 ,we h evid5tly a body remov$ f ! /ate ( solution by me*anical means4 ,footnote #dae3 ,! foll[+ is ! =mula = its prep>ation4 ,dissolve t5 gra9s ( lun> cau/ic 9 t5 times its weight ( di/ill$ wat]1 to ?is add1 guttatim1 liquid ammonia1 until a precipitate is =m$3 cont9ue cauti\sly to add ! ammonia1 repeat$ly agitat+ ! mixture until ! precipitate is ne>ly r$issolv$4 ,! object ( all[+ a small portion to rema9 undissolv$ is to gu>d aga9/ an excess ( ammonia4 ,:]ev] ! te/ is us$1 ! liquid to :i* x is add$ ought to be q cold4 ,footnote #daf3 ,?is is v important1 = an excess ( ammonia r$issolves ! yell[ precipitate1 & !re=e defeats ! object ( ! te/4 ,! fix$ alkalies1 9 excess1 h n su* a prop]ty4 ,footnote #dag3 ,! great impression made ^u ! public m9d 9 ,cornwall1 by ! above trial1 produc$ a disposition to reg>d ! cause ( e sudd5 dea? ) m ?an usual jeal\sy4 ,see a ,report ( ?is trial 9 ! ,app5dix ( our "w on ,m$ical ,jurisprud5ce4 ,footnote #dah3 ,9 consequ5ce ( a report hav+ aris5 t a "y woman _h di$ aft] an illness ( =ty-eight h\rs1 & be5 ha/ily buri$ at ,madron1 ! magi/rates ( t di/rict issu$ _! w>rant = ! dis9t]m5t ( ! body1 & reque/$ my att5dance at ! exam9ation4 ,x appe>$ ^u dissection t ! imm$iate cause ( dea? _h be5 inflammation ( ! inte/9es2 ! /oma* 0 f\nd to conta9 a consid]able portion ( liquid1 :i* 0 c>efully collect$ & exam9$2 no solid matt] c\ld be discov]$ 9 x4 ,x appe>$ to consi/ pr9cipally ( ! rema9s ( a quantity ( p5ny-royal tea1 :i* _h be5 ! la/ ?+ adm9i/]$ to ! deceas$4 ,?is 0 divid$ into sev]al portions1 & plac$ 9 sep>ate w9e glasses1 & submitt$1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! %]iff & o!r g5tlem51 to a s]ies ( exp]im5ts1 among/ :i* ! foll[+ may be p>ticul>iz$1 z be>+ ^u ! "q at issue4 #a/4 ,a few drops ( a solution ( sub-c>bonate ( potass 7 add$ to ! liquid1 9 "o ( ! glasses1 :5 its col\r1 :i* 0 be=e ( a light hazel1 0 in/antly deep5$ into a r$di% yell[2 ! sulphate ( copp] 0 !n appli$1 :5 a precipitate fell d[n1 :i* e "o pres5t imm$iately pron\nc$ to be ( a vivid gre5 hue1 b 9 p\r+ (f ! sup]natant liquid1 & transf]r+ ! precipitate ^u :ite pap]1 x assum$ a blue col\r1 )\t ! lea/ t+e ( gre52 ! explanation ( ! ph5om5on1 & ! fallacy to :i* x gave rise1 0 obvi\s3 ! yell[ col\r1 imp>t$ to ! liquid by ! alkali1 0 ! effect ( t body ^u vegetable extract1 & w g5]ally take place on add+ x to ! infusions ( vegetable sub/ances4 #bnd4 ,to ano!r portion ( ! liquid1 ! ammoniaco-nitrate ( silv] 0 add$2 a slight turbidness arose1 b no yell[ precipitate occurr$4 #crd4 ,aft] add+ a fix$ alkali1 ! surface ( ! liquid 0 t\*$ ) a /ick ( lun> cau/ic1 b no yell[ precipitate 0 produc$4 #d?4 ,! liquid 0 next assay$ 9 a wat*-glass1 = a phosphate ( soda1 by endeav\r+ to =m a triple salt ) magnesia & ammonia1 z sugge/$ by ,dr4 ,wolla/on2 ! result prov$ t phosphate ( soda 0 n pres5t4 ,x is unnecess>y to pursue ! relation ( ! exp]im5ts2 ,i conceive t suffici5t evid5ce has be5 adduc$ to e/abli% ! tru? ( ! explanation4 ,i h frequ5tly repeat$ ! fir/ exp]im5t1 sub/itut+ = ! ga/ric infusion1 a decoction ( onions1 & ) simil> results4 ,footnote #dai3 ,?is explanation applies equally to ! objection lately advanc$ by ,dr4 ,port]1 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 :o 9 obs]v+ on ! te/s = ars5ic1 rem>ks1 t an appe>ance simil> to ,s*eele's ,gre51 is produc$ by ! c>bonate ( potass :5 add$ to a solution ( copp] conta9+ c(fee1 b )\t ars5ic1 m /rik+ ?an if a weak solution ( ars5ic be us$4 ,silliman's ,j\rnal1 iii4 #cfe4 ,footnote #dbj3 ,annals ( ,philosophy1 ,new ,s]ies1 ,no4 ,,iii4 = ,m>*1 #ahba4 ,footnote #dba3 ,! habitudes ( ars5i\s acid ) ! nitrates 7 fir/ obs]v$ by ,kunkel2 nitr\s vap\r is dis5gag$1 "p ( ! oxyg5 be+ absorb$ by ! ars5i\s acid1 by :i* an ars5ite ( potass is =m$4 ,footnote #dbb3 ,dr4 ,bo/ock confesses t :]e less ?an ?ree-f\r?s ( a gra9 7 us$1 he c\ld n say t ! metallic cru/ 0 cle>ly p]ceptible2 & ,dr4 ,black consid]$ t "o gra9 0 ! smalle/ quantity :i* c\ld be di/9ctly recognis$ by su* a process4 ,dr4 ,jaeg] 7,diss]tatio ,inauguralis1 ,/uttg>d1 #ahjh7 also obs]ves1 t he has be5 enabl$ to recognise ! t5? ( a gra9 ( ars5i\s acid1 al?\gh mix$ ) sug>1 by its od\r1 :5 ?r[n ^u burn+ coals6 ,i mu/ be all[$ to "q ?is fact2 ,dr4 ,jaeg]1 no d\bt1 believ$ t he recognis$ ! alliace\s od\r1 b x mu/ h be5 ! effect ( imag9ation4 ,dr4 ,bo/ock obs]ves t1 if ,ars5ic be mix$ ) ei!r an animal or vegetable sub/ance1 ! smoke & smell aris+ f ^? bodies1 :5 heat$1 w altoge!r prev5t our recognis+ its od\r4 ,he f\nd t :5 a quantity ( ,ars5ic 0 mix$ ) an equal weight ( fl\r1 & plac$ ^u iron at a l[ r$ heat1 s z n to cause ! fl\r to inflame1 ! suffocat+ smoke t arose f ! latt] c\ld be alone p]ceiv$2 nor 0 x possible to discov] t any ?+ _h be5 mix$ ) x 7,ed9b4 ,m$4 ,j\rnal47 ,?is objection ( ,dr4 ,bo/ock is true 9 fact1 al?\gh x admits ( a diff]5t explanation1 = at a l[ temp]ature ! ,ars5i\s acid w\ld be volatiliz$ )\t decomposition2 9 :i* case no alliace\s od\r c be develop$4 ,dr4 ,traill has lately ass]t$ 7,annals ( ,philosophy1 ,feb4 #ahbd7 t he has recognis$ ! alliace\s od\r dur+ ! volatilization ( #a_/gh? ( a gra9 ( ! metal4 ,i d n "q ! tru? ( ?is ass]tion1 b !re mu/ h be5 an address 9 ! manipulation :i* we _c expect to f9d 9 ord9>y exp]im5t]s4 ,footnote #dbc3 ,assaftida 0 us$ by ! anci5ts z a condim5t1 "u ! "n ( 1 ,las]pitium1 7,pl9y72 & accord+ to ,kempf]1 ! ,p]sians use x = ! same purpose4 ,! ,arabian writ]s on ! mat]ia m$ica class ?is article among _! ,mobehyat 7,aphrodisiaca74 ,! t]m ,assaftida is d]iv$ f ! monks ( ! ,sal]nian s*ool2 "s ( ! writ]s ( ! middle ages call x ,opium ,cyr5aicum1 i4 e4 ! ,juice f ,cyr5e4 ,footnote #dbd3 ,,tolu ,,loz5ges4 ,sug> #h oz4 ,cream ( ,t>t> #a oz4 ,/>* #b dra*ms4 ,t9ct4 ,toluif] ,balsami ,e4 "o fluid-dra*m1 mucilage ( ,gum ,tragacan? q4 s4 ,footnote #dbe3 ,belladonna1 s call$ f ! juice ( its b]ries be+ us$ z a cosmetic by ! ,italian wom51 to make _! faces pale4 ,footnote #dbf3 ,! root ( ?is plant seems to p>take ( ! same qualities z ! leaves1 b is p]haps less virul5t3 8,or h we eat5 ( ! insane root1 ,t takes ! reason prison]40 ,macbe?4 ,! ,belladonna is suppos$ by ,sauvage to be ! plant t produc$ su* extraord9>y effects ^u ! ,roman ,soldi]s dur+ _! retreat1 "u ! comm& ( ,an?ony1 f ! ,p>?ians1 :5 !y are said to h 8suff]$ great di/ress = want ( provisions1 & 7 urg$ to eat unkn[n plants2 among o!rs !y met ) a h]b t 0 mortal3 he t _h eat5 ( x lo/ 8 memory & 8 s5ses1 & employ$ himself :olly 9 turn+ ab\t all ! /ones he c\ld f9d1 & aft] vomit+ up bile1 fell d[n dead40 7,plut>*'s ,life ( ,an?ony47 ,! ,scot* hi/orian ,bu*annan relates1 8t ! ,scots mix$ a quantity ( ! juice ( ! ,belladonna 7,solanum ,somnif]um7 ) ! bread & dr9k :i* by _! truce !y 7 to supply ! ,danes )1 :i* s intoxicat$ !m t ! ,scots kill$ ! great] "p ( ,sw5o's army40 ,footnote #dbg3 ,,fumigat+ ,,pa/illes4 ,b5zo9 g5]ally con/itutes ! *ief +r$i5t 9 ^! compositions1 to :i* may be add$ any v>iety ( odorif]\s sub/ances2 ! foll[+ =mula may be (f]$ z a specim53 4 ,b5zo9 j1 ,casc>ill ss1 ,myrrh j1 ,olei nuc4 mos*at4 ol4 ,c>yophyll4 gr4 x4 potass nitratis ss1 c>b4 ligni vj4 mucilag4 gum4 ,trag4 q4 s4 ,footnote #dbh3 ,,virg9',s ,,milk4 ,a spiritu\s solution ( ,b5zo9 mix$ ) ab\t tw5ty p>ts ( rose wat]1 =ms a cosmetic long kn[n by ?is "n4 ,"u ! same title also a v diff]5t prep>ation is sold1 vid4 ,liquor ,plumbi sub-acetatis4 ,,fri>',s ,,balsam1 ,,wade',s ,,drops1 ,,jesuit',s ,,drops4--,^! prep>ations are no?+ m ?an ! ,t9ctura ,b5zo9i composita4 ,,pectoral ,,balsam ,,( ,,honey4--,is m]ely ! t9cture ( ,b5zo91 or t ( ,tolu4 ,,ess5ce ,,( ,,coltsfoot4--,?is prep>ation consi/s ( equal p>ts ( ! ,balsam ( ,tolu1 & ! ,comp\nd ,t9cture ( ,b5zo91 to :i* is add$ d\ble ! quantity ( rectifi$ ,_s ( ,w9e2 & ?is =soo? is a ,pectoral = ,c\ghs6 ,if a pati5t ) a pulmon>y affection %\ld recov] dur+ ! use ( su* a rem$y1 ,i %\ld c]ta9ly designate x z a lucky ,escape1 r ?an z a skilful ,cure4 ,footnote #dbi3 ,! ,pe>l ,p[d] ( ,p]fum]s is obta9$ f ! nitric solution ( ,bismu?1 by add+ a proportion ( muriatic acid1 & !n precipitat+ by a small quantity ( wat]4 ,9 ?is way x is obta9$ 9 ! =m ( m9ute scales ( a pe>ly lu/re4 ,footnote #dcj3 ,! gas :i* arises f ! combu/ion ( m9]al coal w produce ! same effect4 ,x is relat$ ( a lady ( fa%ion1 :o _h incauti\sly seat$ h]self too ne> ! fire1 at a quadrille p>ty1 t h] c\nt5ance *ang$ on a sudd5 f a delicate :ite to a d>k tawney1 z ?\gh by magic4 ,! surprise & confusion ( ! :ole p>ty _h su* an effect ^u ! disfigur$ fair "o1 t %e 0 actually dy+ f appreh5sion1 :5 ! physician dispell$ _! fe>s by in=m+ 8 pati5t t no?+ m 0 necess>y ?an = h] to ab/a9 f ! use ( m9]al cosmetics1 & to tru/ 9 future to ^? *>ms :i* ,nature _h be/[$ ^u h]4 ,footnote #dca3 ,l4 ,f4 ,jacobi de ,bismu?o4 ,er=d1 #afig4 ,footnote #dcb3 ,j\rnal de ,m$ic9e1 #aghf1 ,t4 #fh4 p4 #di4 ,footnote #dcc3 ,vol4 iv4 p4 #aef4 ,footnote #dcd3 ,9 ?is c\ntry ,bismu? has enjoy$ = "s ye>s a reputation exce$+ly high4 ,dr4 ,samuel ,w4 ,moore1 ( ,new-,york1 0 ! fir/ to call ! att5tion ( ! ,am]ican m$ical public to x1 9 a valuable diss]tation :i* 0 publi%$ 9 ! ye> #ahaj4 ,9 ?is ,essay are record$ a numb] ( cases illu/rative ( ! salut>y effects ( ?is m$ic9e 9 spasmodic pa9 & o!r tr\blesome affections ( ! /oma*4 ,9 addition to its use 9 ga/ric disord]s1 ,dr4 ,c>mi*ael1 ( ,virg9ia1 has adm9i/]$ x ) success 9 ! treatm5t ( ,int]mitt5ts4 ,ed4 ,footnote #dce3 ,v lately our att5tion has be5 p>ticul>ly call$ to ?is plant by ,dr4 ,e4 ,g4 ,ludl[ ( ,new-,york1 :o speaks ( x 9 t]ms ( high comm5dation4 ,he says 8! diseases 9 :i* ,i h us$ x are exclusively ^? ( ! ,*ylopoietic visc]a1 z dyspepsia1 di>rha & *ol]a4 ,= ! removal ( pa9 & flatul5ce 9 ! b[els1 :i* may be enum]at$ among ! mo/ frequ5t & di/ress+ symptoms ( ! fir/ /age ( indige/ion1 ,calamus is sup]ior to any o!r c>m9ative2 by virtue ( its aroma x creates a /rong s5sation ( w>m? 9 ! /oma*1 increas+ its action )\t s5sibly augm5t+ ! =ce ( ! circulation1 :ile its p[]ful bitt] pr9ciple gives p]man5t tone to ! relax$ /ate ( ! fibres40 ,new-,york ,m$4 ,phys4 ,j\rnal1 ,no4 #aa4 p4 #cba4 ,! ,t9cture is ! pref]able =m ( adm9i/]+ ! ,calamus4 ,! dose is f ss to j4 ,ed4 ,footnote #dcf3 ,,! ,,specific ,,( ,,h]r5s*w&1 :i* =m]ly excit$ s mu* int]e/ 9 ,g]many1 consi/$ ( #aj gra9s ( ,camboge ) #bj ( ,sub-c>bonate ( ,potass2 al?\gh x is said1 t on its be+ analyz$ by ord] ( ,elizabe? ( ,russia1 !re 7 also f\nd 9 x bo? ,m]cury & ,ars5ic4 ,camboge is also ! basis ( ! ,,specific ,,( ,,clossius4 ,,gold5 ,,_s ,,( ,,scurvy ,,grass4 ,?is is m]ely a solution ( ,camboge 9 ! ,spir3 ,armoraci comp3 ,footnote #dcg3 ,al?\gh ! ,camphor ( comm]ce is g5]ally furni%$ by ! ,laurus ,camphora1 yet x is abundantly yield$ by _m o!r plants4 ,x is said t :at is import$ f ,sumatra is ! product ( ! ,dryobobans ,camphora4 ,x is also conta9$ 9 ! roots ( ! ,c9namon1 ,cassia1 & ,sassafras laurels1 & 9 ^? ( ,galangale1 ,z$o>y1 & ,g+]2 9 ,c>damom se$s & ,long ,pepp]4 ,! ess5tial oils ( ,lav5d]1 ,sage1 ,?yme1 ,pepp]m9t1 ,rosem>y1 & ^? ( _m o!r labiate plants yield camphor by di/illation4 ,camphor may be also artificially =m$ by driv+ a /ream ( muriatic gas ?r\gh oil ( turp5t9e2 ?is factiti\s product1 h[ev]1 is to be di/+ui%$ f native camphor 9 n be+ soluble 9 weak nitric acid1 & also 9 n be+ precipitat$ by wat] f its solution 9 /rong nitric acid4 ,footnote #dch3 ,! collection ( ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica at ! ,college ( ,physicians conta9s a beautiful specim5 ( native ,camphor 9 ! wood3 hav+ select$ f x z p]fect a cry/al z ,i c\ld f9d1 ,i reque/$ my fri5d & publi%] ,mr4 ,w4 ,phillips1 well kn[n = 8 rese>*es 9 cry/allography1 to und]take its exam9ation2 & he obs]ves t 8,! cry/al ( native ,camphor 79 ! wood7 appe>s z a flat octoh$ron2 b ! prim>y =m is a "r rhombic prism ( #ea #cf & #abh #bd4 by measurem5t ) ! reflective goniomet] on cleavage planes3 ! octoh$ral appe>ance arises f ! deep replacem5t ( f\r ( ! solid angles ( ! prism1 by z _m planes40 ,footnote #dci3 ,,an ,,odontalgic ,,rem$y 9 great repute consi/s ( a solution ( camphor 9 oil ( turp5t9e2 a fluid-ounce ( :i* w dissolve two dra*ms4 ,footnote #ddj3 ,al?\gh ! ,london ,college1 = reasons suffici5tly weighty1 7 induc$ on a =m] occasion to transf] ! ,bli/]+ fly f ! g5us ,can?>is to t ( ,lytta1 ! ,committee = revis+ ! late ,ph>macopia det]m9$1 on ! au?ority ( ,latreille1 to re/ore x to its =m] g5us4 ,! "w ( ,latreille1 8,g5]a ,cru/aceorum et ,insectorum0 holds ! highe/ rank 9 ,entomology ( any hi!rto publi%$4 ,footnote #dda3 ,can?>id9 may be obta9$ by ! foll[+ process3 ,boil ! can?>ides 9 wat] until all ! soluble p>ts are extract$2 filt] ! decoction1 & evaporate to ! consi/5ce ( an extract4 ,dige/ ?is extract 9 conc5trat$ alcohol1 !n p\r (f ! alcohol & evaporate x2 if sulphuric acid be !n add$ to ?is extract1 x w take up ! ,can?>id91 :i* may be obta9$ 9 a tol]ably pure /ate by evaporation4 ,! cry/all9e plates may be aft]w>ds fre$ f ! adh]+ col\r+ matt] by alcohol4 ,footnote #ddb3 ,annales de ,*mie1 tom4 lxxvi4 ,footnote #ddc3 ,x =ms ! basis ( ! once celebrat$ diuretic ( ,tulpius1 call$ ,li?on?rypticum ,tulpii1 f its suppos$ efficacy 9 /one4 ,! o!r +r$i5ts 7 ,c>damoms1 made into a ,t9cture ) ,rectifi$ ,_s1 & ,_s ( ,nitric !r4 ,footnote #ddd3 ,he 0 cit$ be=e ! c5sors ( ! ,college ( ,physicians 9 #afic1 & committ$ to ,newgate by a w>rant f ! ,presid5t2 b he 0 acquitt$ ^u ! plea t--bad practice mu/ be accompani$ ) a bad int5tion to r5d] x crim9al4 ,he publi%$ 8 v9dication 9 a small tract1 entitl$ 8,de tuto ,can?>idum usu int]no40 ,! issue1 says ,dr4 ,qu9cey 7,ph>m3 p4 #aeb7 ru9$ ! unhappy ,doctor1 b taught 8 prosecutors ! safety & value ( 8 practice4 ,! foll[+ 0 8 =mula4 ,( egg-%ells calc9$ ss2 ,camphor j2 ,spani% flies ss2 & ,v5ice turp5t9e q1 s1 to make n9e pills2 ?ree ( :i* 7 to be swall[$ e ?ree h\rs4 ,footnote #dde3 ,n less ?an sixte5 species ( ! g5us ,can?>is h already be5 discov]$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 by ! indu/ry ( our ,entomologi/s2 mo/1 if n all1 ( :i* possess vesicat+ p[]s4 ,( ^! ! mo/ common is ! ,lytta vittata1 or potatoe fly4 ,! m$ic9al virtues ( ?is insect 7 fir/ discov]$ 9 #agig1 & f\nd to be fully equal to ^? ( ! ,spani% fly4 ,dr4 ,b>ton says 8f frequ5t employm5t ( ! two articles1 ,i _c hesitate to pref] ! ,am]ican to ! =eign fly4 ,long keep+1 provid$ x be c>efully kept1 does n mat]ially impair ! bli/]+ prop]ty ( ! ,lytta vittata4 ,at ! end ( ?ree or f\r ye>s aft] be+ collect$1 ,i h f\nd x equal 9 p[] to ! %op ,can?>ides40 ,by ! late ,dr4 ,dana1 ,pr(4 ( ,*emi/ry 9 ! ,college ( ,physicians & ,surgeons ( ,new-,york1 ! ,lytta vittata 0 made ! subject ( analysis1 & f\nd to conta9 ,can?>id94 ,ed4 ,footnote #ddf3 ,j\rnal de ,physique1 p4 #agc1 #ahbj4 ,footnote #ddg3 ,,rym]',s ,,c>diac ,,t9cture4 ,9 ! e>li] editions ( ?is "w an errone\s acc\nt ( ?is m$ic9e has be5 giv51 9 consequ5ce ( a spuri\s specim5 hav+ be5 exam9$3 ! foll[+ analysis is n[ confid5tly pres5t$ to ! pr(ession4 ,x is an infusion ( ,capsicum1 ,camphor1 ,c>damom se$s1 ,rhub>b1 ,aloes1 & ,ca/or 9 ,pro( ,_s1 ) a v small quantity ( ,sulphuric acid4 ,footnote #ddh3 ,,l>dn]',s ,,prep>$ ,,*>coal consi/s ( cretace\s p[d]1 or *alk f9ely p[d]$1 r5d]$ grey by ! addition ( *>coal1 or ,ivory black4 ,footnote #ddi3 ,,conc5trat$ ,,solution ,,( ,,*>coal4 ,a prep>ation is sold "u ?is absurd "n = clean+ ! tee?1 & is no?+ m ?an a t9cture ( ,cate*u4 ,! "n 0 probably sugge/$ by ! exp]im5ts ( ,mr4 ,hat*ett1 :o succe$$ 9 produc+ artificial tann9 by ! action ( ,nitric acid ^u ,*>coal4 ,footnote #dej3 ,9 cases ( ob/9ate con/ipation ( ! b[els1 *>coal is "o ( ! mo/ effici5t rem$ies 9 ! :ole ,mat]ia ,m$ica4 ,_m cases h yield$ to x :i* _h resi/$ e o!r ca?>tic m$ic9e previ\sly us$4 ,dr4 ,daniell1 ( ,savannah1 to :om we are indebt$ = an int]e/+ pap] on ?is subject1 /ates z ! result ( 8 exp]i5ce1 8t ! mo/ spe$y1 z well z ! mo/ c]ta9 relief1 is to be obta9$ f ! free use ( ,*>coal4 ,if x does n :olly relieve1 x always v mu* mitigates ! pa9 9 six or eight h\rs f ! p]iod ( its fir/ adm9i/ration2 & )9 my obs]vation10 he adds1 8! pati5t has always be5 entirely compos$ be=e ! op]ation ( ! m$ic9e ^u ! b[els40 8,9 relation to ! dose ( ?is m$ic9e10 he /ates t 8! rule :i* ,i h pursu$ is to give x z freely & z frequ5tly z ! /oma* w all[4 ,! quantity requir$ is consid]able4 ,x has a happy influ5ce 9 lull+ ! irritability ( ! /oma*1 :5 no?+ else :i* ,i h us$1 w\ld control ! nausea & vomit+ ( ! pati5t2 ?us fulfill+ ! d\ble int5tion ( fir/ alleviat+ a v di/ress+ symptom1 & !n remov+ ! disease itself4 ,i usually give f "o to ?ree table-spoonsful ( ,*>coal e half h\r or h\r3 :5ev] ! /oma* becomes ov]*>g$ ) ! m$ic9e1 ! excess is ?r[n (f1 & ! /oma* is aga9 quiet4 ,i give x 9 lime wat]1 milk1 or wat] alone--! vehicle hav+ appe>$ to me unimportant40 ,philadel4 ,j\rnal ( ,m$4 & ,phys4 ,sci5ce1 ,vol4 #e4 p4 #abj4 ,ed4 ,footnote #dea3 ,see an acc\nt ( ,*>coal1 z a te/ = ,ars5ic1 & rem>ks !reon1 p4 #cjh4 ,footnote #deb3 ,dr4 ,maton 9 a le>n$ critical & botanical note to a pap] on ! ,c>damom1 by ,mr4 ,:ite1 ,surgeon ( ,bombay1 7,trans3 ,l93 ,soc3 v4 x1 #bbi17 call$ ! g5us1 ( :i* x consi/s1 ,elett>ia1 a nom5clature :i* 0 accord+ly adopt$ by ! ,college 9 _! late ,ph>macopia2 b1 says ,sir ,james ,smi?1 z ?is "n is ( a b>b>\s orig91 7viz4 f ,elett>ia1 ! ,malab> "n ( ! plant47 we %\ld greatly pref] t ( ,matonia2 a sugge/ion :i* has be5 s9ce adopt$ by ,mr4 ,roscoe ( ,liv]pool1 9 8 description ( ! ,scitam9e4 ,! ,college has !re=e ! gratify+ task ( eras+ ! t]m ,elett>ia f _! ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 & ( sub/itut+ = x a "n no less kn[n ?an respect$ by ! ,m$ical pr(ession4 ,footnote #dec3 ,,ess5ce ,,( ,,c(fee4 ,! ,cassia pulp is said to =m ! basis ( ?is article4 ,footnote #ded3 ,! anci5ts errone\sly consid]$ !m z ! te/icles ( ! beav]1 & sop relates t ! animal bit !m (f1 :5 pursu$ by ! huntsman1 :5ce "s h d]iv$ its "n1 a ca/r&o2 ! true orig9 h[ev] ( ! ^w is f 1 i4e4 animal v5triculosum1 f 8 swaggy & prom95t belly4 ,footnote #dee3 ,,bateman',s ,,pectoral ,,drops consi/ pr9cipally ( ! ,t9cture ( ,ca/or1 ) portions ( camphor & opium1 flav\r$ by anise se$s1 & col\r$ by co*9eal4 ,footnote #def3 ,x 0 =m]ly suppos$ to be a m9]al production3 & h5ce ! t]m ,t]ra ,japonica4 ,hag$orn & ,b\lduc 7 among ! fir/ :o oppos$ ?is error1 & :o e/abli%$ ! fact ( its vegetable orig9 7,mem4 de l',acad4 des ,sci5ces de ,p>is1 ,a4 #agji4 p4 #bbh47 ,footnote #deg3 ,s call$ f ,*iron ! ,c5taur1 :o is said to h employ$ x to cure himself ( a w\nd accid5tally receiv$ by lett+ "o ( ! arr[s ( ,h]cules fall ^u 8 foot4 ,footnote #deh3 ,,kirkl&',s ,,neutral ,,c]ate4 ,is =m$ by melt+ toge!r viij ( ,lead ,pla/] ) fiv ( olive oil1 into :i* are to be /irr$ iv ( prep>$ *alk2 :5 ! mixture is suffici5tly cool$ fiv ( acetic acid1 & iij ( pulv]iz$ ,acetate ( lead are to be add$1 & ! :ole is to be /irr$ until ne>ly cold4 ,,m>%all',s ,,c]ate4 4 ,palm4 ,oil v4 ,calomel i1 ,acetate ( ,lead ss1 ,nitrate ( ,m]cury ij4 ,,cold ,,cream 7,c]atum ,gal5i47 ,ol3 ,amygdal3 j1 ,c] alb3 iv2 melt1 p\r into a w>m mort>1 & add1 gradually1 ,aq3 ,ros2 oj4 ,x %\ld be v light & :ite4 ,gray's ,supplem5t4 ,footnote #dei3 ,!re are no less ?an tw5ty-five di/9ct species ( ,c9*ona1 indep5d5t ( any additions :i* we may owe to ! zeal ( ,humboldt & ,bonpl&2 & ,mr4 ,a4 ,t4 ,?omson1 9 8 ,london ,disp5satory1 /ates t 9 a l>ge collection ( dri$ specim5s1 ( ! g5us ,c9*ona1 9 8 possession1 collect$ 9 #ahje1 bo? ne> ,loxa & ,santa ,f1 he f9ds _m species :i* are n m5tion$ 9 ! works ( any ,spani% botani/4 ,footnote #dfj3 ,see ,london ,m$ical & ,physical ,j\rnal4 ,vol4 v4 p4 #cc4 ,footnote #dfa3 ,,ess5tial ,,salt ,,( ,,b>k4 ,x is highly necess>y t ! public %\ld "k t ! prep>ation sold "u ?is empirical title1 has no relation :atev] to ! late discov]ies ( ,pelleti]4 ,x is m]ely an extract prep>$ by mac]at+ ! bruis$ sub/ance ( b>k 9 cold wat]1 & submitt+ ! infusion to a v sl[ evaporation4 ,footnote #dfb3 ,! designation ( ,c9*on91 consi/5t ) ! pr9ciples ( *emical nom5clature1 mu/ n[ h a t]m9ation 9 a1 & ! "n ,c9*onia appe>s pref]able to t ( ,c9*on9a4 ,footnote #dfc3 ,! foll[+ is ! process by :i* ,c9*onia may be prep>$4 ,take a p\nd ( ,pale ,b>k1 bruis$ small1 & boil x = an h\r 9 ?ree p9ts ( a v dilute solution ( pure ,potass4 ,aft] ! liquid has cool$1 x mu/ be /ra9$ ?r\gh a f9e clo? ) pressure1 & ! residuum be repeat$ly wa%$ & press$4 ,! c9*ona1 ?us wa%$1 is to be slightly heat$ 9 a suffici5t quantity ( wat]1 add+ muriatic acid gradually until litmus pap] is slightly r$d5$4 ,:5 ! liquid is rais$ ne>ly to ! boil+ po9t1 x is to be /ra9$1 & ! c9*ona aga9 press$4 ,to ! /ra9$ liquor1 :ile hot1 add an ounce ( sulphate ( magnesia1 & aft] ?is add a solution ( potass1 till x ceases to occasion any precipitate4 ,:5 ! liquor is cold1 collect ! precipitate on a filtre1 wa% & dry x1 & dissolve x 9 hot alcohol4 ,on evaporation ( ! _s1 ! c9*ona w cry/allize4 ,footnote #dfd3 ,?us1 z we h /at$1 #ajj p>ts ( ,c9*onia unite ) #acjba ( ,sulphuric acid1 :ile ! same weight ( ,qu9a requires = saturation n m ?an #ajia ( ! same acid4 ,footnote #dfe3 ,,sulphate ,,( ,,qu9a4 ,z ?is prep>ation is consid]$ ! mo/ active =m ( ! salifiable pr9ciple ( b>k1 ,i h subjo9$ ! mo/ approv$ =mula = its prep>ation4 ,boil = half an h\r two p\nds ( ! appropriate b>k 9 p[d]1 9 sixte5 p9ts ( di/ill$ wat]1 acidulat$ ) two fluid-ounces ( sulphuric acid2 /ra9 ! decoction ?r\gh a l95 clo?1 & submit ! residue to a second ebullition 9 a simil> quantity ( acidulat$ wat]2 mix ! decoctions1 & add by small portions at a "t1 p[d]$ lime1 con/antly /irr+ x to facilitate its action on ! acid decoction4 7,half a p\nd is ne> ! quantity requisite47 ,:5 ! decoction has become slightly alkal9e x assumes a d>k br[n col\r1 & deposits a r$di% br[n floccul5t precipitate1 :i* is to be sep>at$ by pass+ x ?r\gh a l95 clo?4 ,! precipitate1 is to be wa%$ ) a little cold di/ill$ wat] & dri$4 ,:5 dry x is to be dige/$ 9 rectifi$ _s1 ) a mod]ate heat = "s h\rs2 ! liquid is !n to be decant$1 & fre% portions ( _s add$ till x no long] acquires a bitt] ta/e4 ,unite ! spiritu\s t9ctures1 & di/il 9 a wat]-ba? till ?ree f\r?s ( ! _s employ$ has di/ill$ ov]4 ,aft] ?is op]ation !re rema9s 9 ! vessel a br[n viscid sub/ance cov]$ by a bitt]1 v alkal9e & milky fluid4 ,! two products are to be sep>at$ & treat$ z foll[s4 ,to ! alkal9e liquid add a suffici5t quantity ( sulphuric acid to saturate x2 r$uce x by evaporation to half ! quantity2 add a small portion ( *>coal1 & aft] "s m9utes ebullition1 filt] x :il/ hot1 & cry/als ( ,sulphate ( ,qu9a w =m4 ,! br[n mass is to be boil$ 9 a small quantity ( wat]1 slightly acidulat$ ) sulphuric acid1 :i* w conv]t a l>ge portion ( x into ,sulphate ( ,qu9a4 ,! cry/als are to be dri$ by bibul\s pap]4 ,two p\nds ( b>k w1 x is said1 yield #e to #f dra*ms ( ! sulphate2 ( :i* eight gra9s are consid]$ equival5t to an ounce ( b>k4 ,x has be5 prep>$ 9 ?is c\ntry by sev]al manufactur+ *emi/s1 especially by ,mr4 ,pope ( ,ox=d ,/reet1 ^: zeal & indu/ry 9 ,ph>maceutic exp]im5ts entitle him to great comm5dation4 ,! sup]ior price ( ! b>k1 h[ev]1 f ! duty 9 ?is c\ntry1 z well z t ( alcohol1 mu/ prev5t u f ent]+ into competition ) ! ,fr5* 9 its manufacture1 & x has accord+ly be5 f\nd m conomical to import1 ?an to prep>e x4 ,footnote #dff3 ,j\rnal de ,physiologie4 ,no4 #a1 p4 #ij4 ,footnote #dfg3 ,^u ?is po9t h[ev] a diff]5ce ( op9ion has exi/$2 ,m4 ,halle ent]ta9$ consid]able fe>s on ! subject1 :i* 7 support$ by ,m4 ,m4 ,l>rey1 ,em]y1 ,dupon*el1 & o!rs1 :o communicat$ to ! ,socit ,mdicale d',emulation1 facts :i* excit$ _! appreh5sions4 ,! "q1 h[ev]1 has be5 set at re/ bo? 9 ?is c\ntry & on ! ,cont95t4 ,!y are p]fectly h>mless4 ,footnote #dfh3 ,c9*onia has be5 detect$ 9 o!r vegetables besides ! ,b>k1 z 9 ! root ( ,cusp>ia1 & 9 ! b]ries ( ,capsicum1 :ile 9 ! b>k ( ,casc>illa1 a sub/ance be>+ a mu* ne>] relation 9 m$ic9al effect to ! ,b>k1 its pres5ce has n yet be5 discov]$4 ,x is said t exp]im5ts h be5 lately made by ,m4 ,m4 ,robiquet & ,petroz on ! ,b>k ( ! ,c>apa1 :i* has be5 successfully us$ 9 sev]al p>ts ( ,am]ica 9 ! cure ( agues1 & t !y h f\nd 9 t b>k a salifiable basis analog\s to ,qu9a4 ,footnote #dfi3 ,9 ,br&e's ,j\rnal = ,janu>y #ahcj1 x is ann\nc$ t ,s]turn] has discov]$ o!r vegeto-alkalies 9 ! ,b>k1 besides ! ,c9*onia & ,qu9ia4--,"o 9 p>ticul> he has asc]ta9$1 :i* he calls ,*9ioidia1 exi/+ 9 comb9ation ) a res9\s sub-acid sub/ance4 ,?is exi/s 9 ! r$ & yell[ b>k ) ! ,c9*onia & ,qu9ia4 ,x has m alkal9e p[] & capacity ( saturation1 z well z great] m$ical p[] ?an any o!r vegeto-alkali 9 ! ,c9*ona1 b x resembles !m 9 its insolubility 9 wat]1 its col\r & ta/e4 ,accord+ to ,s]turn]1 ! febrifuge p[] ( ! ,*9ioidia is z sup]ior to t ( ! ,c9*onia & ,qu9ia z ^! are to ! ,b>k4--,9 8 h&s x succe$$ 9 _m cases :]e ! ,sulphate ( ,qu9ia _h fail$4 ,ed4 ,footnote #dgj3 ,x 0 "u ?is =m t ! celebrat$ empiric ,talbor us$ to adm9i/] x 9 ! p>oxysms ( ,int]mitt5ts1 & s successful 0 8 practice1 t ,l\is ,,xiv4 0 induc$ to pur*ase at a l>ge price ! secret ( 8 specific2 & ,*>les ! ,second v unju/ly protect$ him aga9/ ! p[] ( ! ,college1 & appo9t$ him "o ( 8 physicians4 ,footnote #dga3 ,mr4 ,?ompson has sugge/$ ! probability ( ?is circum/ance hav+ aris5 f ! admixture ( a species ( b>k1 lately introduc$ into ,europe f ,m>t9ique1 resembl+ ! ,c9*ona ,floribunda1 & :i*1 by an analysis ( ,m4 ,cadet1 0 f\nd to conta9 iron4 7,london ,disp4 ,edit4 #c4 p4 #bdg47 ,footnote #dgb3 ,?is plant is f\nd 9 abundance 9 ,pi$mont1 pr9cipally 9 ! m>%es1 :]e ( c\rse x is mo/ ne$$4 ,nature is v k9d 9 ?is respect1 = ! p>ticul> situation :i* eng5d]s endemic diseases1 is g5]ally cong5ial to ! gr[? ( ! plants t op]ate z antidotes to !m4 ,footnote #dgc3 ,dr4 ,davy1 9 a lett] to me ^u ?is subject1 says1 8!re are two k9ds ( oil ( c9namon procur$ 9 ,ceylon1 "o ( great]1 ! o!r ( less specific gravity ?an wat]4 ,9 di/illation !y come ov] toge!r4 ,on :at ! diff]5ce dep5ds ,i d n "k1 nor am ,i aw>e t ! subject has yet be5 inve/igat$40 ,footnote #dgd3 ,f exp]im5ts made ) ,v]atria1 x appe>s t its effects on ! human sy/em are analog\s to ^? ( ! ,col*icum itself4 ,9 *ronic rheumatism comp>ative trials to a great ext5t 7 in/itut$ by ,dr4 ,b>dsley1 & ) v simil> results4 ,! ,v]atria 0 g5]ally adm9i/]$ 9 doses ( f #a_/d gr4 to gr4 ?ree times a day4 ,ed4 ,footnote #dge3 ,) ?is op9ion ,mr4 ,a4 ,t4 ,?omson co9cides1 = 9 ! #c;d edition ( 8 ,disp5satory1 he says1 8! ?ick old bulb beg9s to decay aft] ! fl[] is p]fectly exp&$1 & ! new bulbs1 ( :i* !re are always two =m$ on ea* old bulb1 are p]fect$ 9 ! foll[+ ,june2 f :i* "t until ! middle ( ,augu/1 !y may be tak5 up = m$ic9al use40 ,footnote #dgf3 ,,eau ,,m$ic9ale ,,de ,,husson4 ,aft] v>i\s attempts to discov] ! active +r$i5t ( ?is ,p>isian rem$y1 x is at l5g? det]m9$ to be ! col*icum autumnale :i* sev]al anci5t au?ors1 "u ! "n ( h]modactyllus1 h recomm5d$ 9 ! cure ( g\t1 z /at$ 9 ! hi/orical preface to ?is "w4 ,! foll[+ is ! receipt = prep>+ ?is m$ic9e4 ,take two ounces ( ! root ( col*icum1 cut x into slices1 mac]ate x 9 f\r fluid-ounces ( ,spani% :ite w9e1 & filt]4 ,see ,v]atri ,radix 7note74 ,dr4 ,,wilson',s ,,t9cture ,,= ,,! ,,g\t4 ,?is is m]ely an infusion ( col*icum1 z ,dr4 ,williams ( ,ipswi* has satisfactorily %ewn4 ,s9ce ! discov]y ( col*icum be+ ! active +r$i5t ( ! ,eau m$ic9ale1 num]\s empirical rem$ies h />t$ up1 conta9+ ! pr9ciples ( ! plant 9 diff]5t =ms4 ,! express$ juice ( ! col*icum is us$ 9 ,alsace to de/roy v]m9 9 ! hair3 x is v acrid1 & excoriates ! p>ts to :i* x is appli$4 ,footnote #dgg3 ,dr4 ,davy1 h[ev]1 in=ms me t he is acqua9t$ ) a fatal in/ance f an excessive dose ( ^! se$s1 viz4 j1 tak5 by a m$ical man = g\t4 ,on dissection1 mo/ ( ! visc]a1 m especially ! bra9 & inte/9es1 exhibit$ great sangu9e\s turgesc5ce1 & appe>ances ( inflammation4 ,footnote #dgh3 ,?is prep>ation1 or ! ,se$s1 may be procur$ = trial1 f ! h\se ( ,savory1 ,moore1 & ,davidson1 ( ,new ,bond ,/reet4 ,footnote #dgi3 ,,w>d 0 orig9ally a footman1 &1 dur+ 8 att5dance ^u 8 ma/] on ! ,cont95t1 obta9$ f ! ,monks ^? receipts :i* aft]w>ds became 8 no/rums4 ,x may be obs]v$ t ?is ,confection appe>s to be well adapt$ = ! cure ( t species ( ,piles :i* probably att5d$ ! s$5t>y & luxuri\s habits ( ! monks4 ,footnote #dhj3 ,dr4 ,*apman recomm5ds ! lib]al use ( ! ,copaiva 9 ! v comm5cem5t ( ,gonorrha1 disreg>d+ ardor ru91 *ordee1 & e o!r symptom ( inflammation t may be pres5t4 ,?an ?is1 we d n "k a m$ical precept m errone\s 9 !ory1 or m mis*iev\s 9 practice4 ,we are conv9c$ t a great majority ( gleets may be trac$ to ! premature use ( balsam ,copaiva1 & o!r /imulat+ articles 9 ! inflammatory /age ( ! disease4--,ed4 ,footnote #dha3 ,cbba--,indis ,cubab2 ,avic5n ,kebba4 ,x makes %ort ! p5ultima1 because ,actu>ius & o!r mod]n ,greeks call x 1 1 & 4 ,footnote #dhb3 ,see 8,practical ,obs]vations on ! use ( ,cubebs1 9 ! cure ( ,gonorrha10 by ,h4 ,,jeffreys1 ,esq4 ,footnote #dhc3 ,x is v que/ionable :e!r ,cubebs is entitl$ to any o!r pref]5ce ov] ! copaiva1 ?an t x is n s liable to d]ange ! dige/ive organs4 ,z a specific = gonorrha x has receiv$ praise altoge!r too unqualifi$4 ,! mo/ conv5i5t =m 9 :i* x c be giv5 is t ( ,t9cture4 ,ed4 ,footnote #dhd3 ,cm9um makes long ! p5ultima1 ?us-- 8,rugosum ,pip] et pall5tis grana ,cum9i30 ,p]s3 ,sat3 v4 ,?is l9e ( ! satiri/ also records an op9ion :i* is wor?y notice1 t ,cum9 w make ^? :o dr9k x1 or wa% !mselves ) x1 or z "s say1 :o smoke x1 ( a pale visage4 ,?is belief is m5tion$ by ,dioscorides2 & ,pl9y in=ms u t ! disciples ( ,porcius ,latro1 a fam\s ma/] ( ! art ( speak+1 7 report$ to h us$ ,cum91 9 ord] to imitate t pal5ess :i* _! ma/] _h contract$ by 8 /udies2 ?us too ,horace1 ----,proh si 8,pall]em casu1 bib]5t exsangue ,cum9um40 ,epi/4 #ai4 ,lib4 #a1 l93 #ah4 ,footnote #dhe3 ,x may be "h obs]v$ t ,copp]1 9 its metallic =m1 ex]ts no action on ! sy/em4 ,a mo/ /rik+ in/ance ( ?is fact occurr$ dur+ my hospital practice1 9 ! case ( a "y woman :o swall[$ six copp] p5ny-pieces ) a view ( de/roy+ h]self2 %e 0 att5d$ by ,dr4 ,maton & myself 9 ! ,we/m9/] ,hospital = two ye>s1 = a disease :i* we consid]$ visc]al1 b :i* 0 evid5tly ! effect ( me*anical ob/ruction1 occasion$ by ! co94 ,aft] a lapse ( five ye>s %e void$ !m1 & !n confess$ ! cause ( h] protract$ disease1 dur+ ! :ole c\rse ( :i* no symptom arose :i* c\ld 9 any way be attribut$ to ! poison\s influ5ce ( copp]4 ,dr4 ,baillie1 9 8 morbid anatomy1 relates a case1 9 :i* five halfp5ce _h be5 lodg$ 9 a p\* 9 ! /oma*1 = a consid]able "t1 )\t occasion+ any irritation2 & ,!odore ,g>delle1 aft] 8 conviction = ! murd] ( ,mrs4 ,k+1 9 ,leice/] ,squ>e1 swall[$ a numb] ( halfp5ce1 = ! purpose ( de/roy+ himself1 b )\t produc+ any ill effects4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,t4 ,?omson relates also two cases ( halfp5ce be+ swall[$ by *ildr51 9 "o ( :i* ! copp] co9 rema9$ six mon?s 9 ! inte/9es1 & 9 ! o!r two mon?s4 ,! fil+s ( copp] 7 =m]ly a favorite rem$y 9 rheumatism1 a dra*m ( :i* has be5 tak5 ) impunity = a dose4 ,x appe>s !re=e t metallic copp] does n und]go any *ange 9 ! dige/ive organs by :i* x is conv]t$ into a poison1 not)/&+ ! pres5ce ( sub/ances1 :i*1 out ( ! body1 w\ld at once r5d] x de/ructive1 z we h too _m cases to %ew1 f ! c>eless use ( copp] ut5sils 9 cook]y4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a v important fact1 t copp] _c be dissolv$ :ile t9 is co-exi/5t 9 ! mixture1 h5ce ! great use ( t9n+ copp] ut5sils2 & f>!r1 x is ass]t$ t unt9n$ copp]s are less liable to be injuri\s :5 pewt] spoons are us$ = /irr+1 ?an :5 silv] ones are employ$ = t purpose2 ! explanation ( ?is fact is to be s\ght = 9 ! well-kn[n pr9ciple ( ,electro-,*emi/ry1 & :i* has lately be5 appli$ ) s mu* +5uity by ! illu/ri\s ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,society1 = ! protection ( copp] on ! bottom ( %ips1 by ! juxta-position ( small discs ( ,t9 or ,iron4#dhf ,= ! same reason1 ,m4 ,pr\/ has %ewn t ! t9n+ ( kit*5 ut5sils1 :i* consi/s ( equal p>ts ( t9 & lead1 _c be dang]\s f ! pres5ce ( ! latt] metal1 s9ce x is suffici5t t ! lead %\ld be comb9$ ) t91 9 ord] to prev5t x f be+ dissolv$ 9 any vegetable acid4 ,m4 ,gu]s5t !re=e is wrong :51 speak+ ( ! t9n+ ( copp] vessels1 he says1 8x is a light veil1 :i* conceals ! dang]1 in/ead ( be+ a true pres]vative1 & t x only inspires a security (t5 fatal40 ,"s rec5t exp]im5ts h[ev]1 ( ,dr4 ,bo/ock1 h %ewn t1 9 consequ5ce ( ! volatility ( acetic acid1 copp] is n protect$ by ! juxta-position ( discs ( t92 s9ce ! acid "u su* circum/ances ceases to =m a "p ( ! galvanic circle4 ,! poison\s effects ( ! salts ( ,copp] h be5 /rik+ly illu/rat$ dur+ ! prosecution ( ,sir ,h4 ,davy's exp]im5ts above allud$ to1 = x is f\nd t :5 ! copp] %ea?+ ( %ips is n protect$ by ! contact ( ano!r metal1 !y are uni=mly free f m>9e animals1 b t :]e ! solution ( ! copp] is prev5t$ by galvanic action1 ! bottoms soon become cov]$ ) e species ( sea insect4 ,footnote #dhf3 ,= a fur!r explanation ( ?is curi\s fact ! /ud5t may consult my "w on ,m$ical ,*emi/ry4 ,footnote #dhg3 ,,bates',s ,,aqua ,,camphorata4--,sulphate ( copp] is ! base ( ?is prep>ation1 :i* 0 /rongly recomm5d$ by ,mr4 ,w>e4 ,! foll[+ 0 8 recipe3 4 ,cupri ,sulph4 ,boli ,gallic1 a4 a4 gr4 xv4 ,camphor gr4 iv4 solve4 9 aq4 f]v5t4 fiv1 dilueque cum aqu frigid oiv ut fiat ,collyrium4 ,footnote #dhh3 ,x is said to h be5 introduc$ into ?is c\ntry f ,ceylon4 ,see ! obs]vations made ^u ! subject ( ! n>cotics us$ by ! ,indians1 page #i4 ,footnote #dhi3 ,! se$s und\bt$ly conta91 9 an em95t degree1 all ! prop]ties ( ! plant4 ,x 0 9 ! se$s t ,br&es fir/ discov]$ ! ,daturia4 ,footnote #dij3 ,! ori5tal bev]age1 ,%]bet1 f ! ,arabic ^w ,%]b1 to dr9k1 s celebrat$ 9 ea/]n song1 is a decoction ( b>ley-meal & sug>1 p]fum$ ) roses1 orange fl[]1 violet1 or citron4 ,footnote #dia3 ,,lisbon ,,diet ,,dr9k4 ,decoctum ,lusitanicum4--4 ,s>sap3 concis3 ,rad3 ,*91 j--,nucum ,jugl&3 ,cortice ,siccat>um1 ,no4 xx4 ,antimonii ,sulphureti ij4 ,lapidis ,pumicis pulv]isat2--,aqu di/illat3 lib3 x4--,! p[d]$ antimony & pumice /one are to be ti$ 9 sep>ate pieces ( rag1 & boil$ along ) ! o!r +r$i5ts4 ,! use ( ! pumice /one is m]ely me*anical1 to divide ! antimony4 ,footnote #dib3 ,x is said t ,m4 ,roy] has lately succe$$ 9 obta9+ f ,digitalis its active basis2 to :i* he has giv5 ! "n ( ,digital94 ,x 0 procur$ by dige/+ ! plant 9 !r1 & treat+ ! solution ) hydrat$ oxide ( lead4 ,x appe>s z a br[n pa/y sub/ance1 capable ( sl[ly re/or+ ! blue col\r ( r$d5$ litmus pap]2 v bitt]1 & deliquesc5t4 ,x 0 difficult to obta9 x cry/alliz$1 b a drop ( its solution 9 alcohol1 evaporat$ on glass1 ov] a lamp1 :5 exam9$ by ! microscope1 exhibit$ abundance ( m9ute cry/als4 7,bib4 ,univ4 xxvi4 #ajb47 ,f>!r exp]im5ts1 h[ev]1 are requir$ to e/abli% ! tru? ( ?is /atem5t4 ,footnote #dic3 ,see ,london ,m$ical ,repository1 ,vol4 xii4 ,no4 #fg4 ,footnote #did3 ,a p]son ( ! "n ( ,,/]ry1 9 ! ,bor\gh1 prep>es a pla/] ( ?is description1 :i* is s\ght aft] ) great avidity4 ,:at a bless+ x w\ld be ^u ! community1 if e no/rum 7 equally innocu\s6 ,footnote #die3 ,ph>macopia ,*irurgica1 p4 #hi4 ,footnote #dif3 ,dia*ylon1 a et succus1 i4 e4 a ,pla/] prep>$ f express$ juices4 ,x has be5 ass]t$ t all ! ph>maceutical names beg9n+ ) ,dia1 are ( ,arabian orig91 ?is h[ev] is n ! fact2 we frequ5tly meet ) ! expression 9 ,gal51 1 c4 c4 ,footnote #dig3 ,at ,apo!c>ies' ,hall1 ?is pla/]1 z well z o!rs1 is made 9 a /eam app>atus :i* is s well regulat$1 t a uni=m temp]ature ( #baj ,fah4 is insur$ dur+ ! :ole process4 ,footnote #dih3 ,,baynton',s ,,adhesive ,,pla/]4 7,/rapp+47 ,diff]s only f ?is prep>ation 9 conta9+ less res91 six dra*ms only be+ add$ to "o p\nd ( ! li?>ge pla/]4 ,?is excell5t pla/] is sold ready spread on calico4 ,,c\rt ,,pla/]4 ,/ick+ ,pla/]4 ,black ,silk is /ra9$ & bru%$ ov] t5 or twelve times1 ) ! foll[+ prep>ation4 ,dissolve ss ( ,b5zo9 9 fvi ( rectifi$ _s3 9 a sep>ate vessel1 dissolve j ( ,is+lass 9 oss ( wat]2 /ra9 ea* solution1 mix !m1 & let ! mixture re/1 s t ! gross] p>ts may subside2 :5 ! cle> liquor is cold1 x w =m a jelly1 :i* mu/ be w>m$ be=e x is appli$ to ! silk4 ,:5 ! ,pla/] is q dry1 9 ord] to prev5t its crack+1 x is f9i%$ (f ) a solution ( ,t]eb9?3 ,*ia1 iv1 9 ,t9ct3 ,b5zoes fvj4 ,,corn ,,pla/]4 ,! gre5 col\r$ pla/] sold "u ?is title is usually compos$ ( #c p>ts ( wax1 #d ( ,burgundy pit*1 & #b ( common turp5t9e2 to :i* is add$ "o "p ( v]degris4 ,footnote #dii3 ,my/]y is r>ely practis$ b z ! cloak ( impo/ure2 x is !re=e unnecess>y to add1 t ,mr4 ,b>ry made no difficulty 9 /at+ ! foll[+ to be ! =mula by :i* x 0 prep>$4 ,a t9cture ( ,b>k1 made ) rectifi$ _s1 0 di/ill$ until ! :ole ( ! _s 0 driv5 (f1 ! rema9+ solution 0 !n left to cool1 aft] :i* ! res9 t float$ on ! surface 0 remov$1 & ! residuum inspissat$ at a l[ temp]ature4 ,footnote #ejj3 ,,b>clay',s ,,antibili\s ,,pills4 ,take ( ! ,extract ( ,colocyn? ij1 ,res9 ( ,jalap 7extract ,jalap7 j1 ,almond ,soap jss1 ,guaiacum iij1 ,t>t>iz$ ,antimony1 grs4 viij1 ess5tial oils ( ,junip]1 ,c>raway1 & ,rosem>y1 ( ea* gtt4 iv1 ( syrup ( ,buck?orn1 z mu* z w be suffici5t to =m a mass1 :i* is to be divid$ into sixty-f\r pills4 ,footnote #eja3 ,,ref9$ ,,liquorice4 ,?is article1 :i* is sold 9 ! =m ( cyl9d]s1 is made by g5tly evaporat+ a solution ( ! pure extract ( liquorice ) half its weight ( gum arabic1 roll+ ! mass1 & cutt+ x into l5g?s1 & !n poli%+1 by roll+ !m toge!r 9 a box3 _m impurities h[ev] are fraudul5tly introduc$ into ?is article1 su* ev5 z glue1 c4 ,footnote #ejb3 ,! juices ( ! ,iris root1 & ,bryony root1 & ^? ( _m o!r plants1 all[ _! m$ic9al elem5ts to sep>ate & subside 9 a simil> mann]1 leav+ ! sup]natant liquid p]fectly in]t2 if we mu/ h a g5]ic "n to express su* a sub/ance1 x %\ld be t]m$ a fecul5ce1 r ?an a fecula4 ,footnote #ejc3 8,obs]vations on ! nature & prep>ation ( ! ,elat]ium10 read at ! ,m$ical ,society ( ,london1 ,april #bd1 #ahai1 & :i* 7 publi%$ 9 ! ,m$ical ,repository1 vol4 xii1 ,no4 #fg4 ,footnote #ejd3 ,:5 x has a d>k gre5 col\r1 approa*+ to black1 is compact1 & v heavy1 & breaks ) a %9+ res9\s fracture1 we may reject x z an inf]ior article4 ,s9ce ! publication ( my exp]im5ts ^u ! ord9>y ,elat]ium ( ,comm]ce1 ,i h be5 fav\r$ by ,mr4 ,b>ry ) ! results ( 8 trials ^u ! ,elat]ium made by ,w4 ,all5 4 ,co4 accord+ to ! improv$ process ( ,dr4 ,clutt]buck2 ( ! fir/ sample1 he f\nd t out ( t5 gra9s1 #ee 7 soluble 9 _s ( ! specific gravity #hji1 ( ! second #fb1 & ( ! ?ird #fd2 ( t prep>$ by ! same process at ,apo!c>ies' ,hall1 #f grs4 7 soluble4 ,! residue1 insoluble 9 ! _s1 0 adm9i/]$ to a pati5t1 & asc]ta9$ to be p]fectly in]t4 ,?is report confirms beyond a d\bt ! great sup]iority ( ! ,elat]ium :5 prep>$1 )\t pressure1 accord+ to ! sugge/ion ( ,dr4 ,clutt]buck4 ,footnote #eje3 8,i h ! ,cos ,lettuce plant$ ab\t eight in*es asund] 9 r[s1 betwe5 :i* !re is suffici5t space to enable p]sons to pass up & d[n )\t injur+ ! plants4 ,i comm5ce my op]ations j be=e ! plant is ab\t to fl[]1 by cutt+ (f an in* ( ! /em2 ! milky juice imm$iately exudes1 & is collect$ on pieces ( ,wove ,cotton1 ab\t half a y>d squ>e4 ,z soon z ?is becomes *>g$1 x is ?r[n f "t to "t into a vessel conta9+ a small quantity ( wat]1 :i* :5 suffici5tly impregnat$ is evaporat$ at ! common temp]ature ( ! atmosph]e1 by exposure 9 a numb] ( %all[ di%es4 ,! ,,lactuc>ium1 9 a few h\rs1 is f\nd adh]+ to ! vessels 9 ! =m ( an ,extract1 b diff]+ f e o!r 9 all its s5sible prop]ties3 ?is me?od enables me to collect ,,lactuc>ium ) great facility & dispat*1 b x is /ill att5d$ ) consid]able exp5se1 z ! proportion ( milky product is necess>ily v small1 & ! price ( ! m$ic9e consequ5tly high1 & !re=e n )9 ! rea* ( g5]al practice4 ,?is consid]ation l$ me to make f>!r exp]im5ts1 = ! purpose ( asc]ta9+ :e!r an ,,extract might n be obta9$ f ! plant possess+ all ! prop]ties ( ,,lactuc>ium1 :5 adm9i/]$ 9 l>ge doses1 & :i* c\ld be introduc$ at a comp>atively trifl+ co/4 ,9 prosecut+ ?is enquiry1 ,i f\nd t ! plants conta9 mo/ ( ! milky juice :5 !y h fl[]$ & ! leaves are beg9n+ to assume a yell[ hue1 & ,i obs]v$ t :5 cut d[n1 ! milky juice assumes = ! mo/ "p a concrete =m1 hav+ subsid$ 9 ! b>k ( ! /alk & 9 ! old leaves1 a circum/ance :i* acc\nts = ! extreme bitt]ness ( ^! p>ts4 ,i 0 naturally l$ f ^! circum/ances to *oose ! above p]iod = my op]ations1 & to select ^? p>ts only ( ! plant = my extract1 reject+ ! sub/ance ( ! /alk1 & ! "y spr\ts4 ,my me?od ( procur+ ! extract is z foll[s4 ,i fir/ mac]ate ! p>ts 9 wat]1 = tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & !n boil !m = two1 aft] :i* ,i all[ ! cle> decoction to dra9 ?r\gh a sieve1 )\t us+ any pressure2 ?is is !n evaporat$1 z f> z x c be done ) safety1 & ! process is f9i%$ 9 %all[ di%es1 9 ! mann] above describ$1 = obta9+ ,lactuc>ium4 ,?is extract1 :i* ,i h call$ 8,,extractum ,,lactuc ,,conc5tratum10 is ( c\rse less p[]ful ?an ,lactuc>ium1 b x possesses all ! prop]ties 9 l>g] doses1 & x has be5 f\nd equally useful 9 a numb] & v>iety ( cases1 & is n m ?an a six? "p ( ! price40 ,mr4 ,prob>t has retir$ f trade1 b ,i h j le>nt t ! same article is n[ prep>$1 by a simil> process1 by ,mr4 ,selway1 ,*emi/1 ( ,new ,cav5di% ,/reet1 & ! specim5s :i* ,i h receiv$ au?orise me to recomm5d x = trial4 ,a conc5trat$ t9cture is also prep>$4 ,! 8,succus ,spissatus ,lactuc sativ10 ( ! %ops1 mu/ ( necessity be almo/ in]t1 s9ce x is commonly prep>$ at t p]iod :5 ! plant conta9s none1 or v little ( ! milky juice2 & ev5 if ! ,lettuce be employ$ at a m mature season1 x mu/ /ill fail to af=d an extract ( any /r5g?1 z x is m]ely ! express$ juice1 & t too ( ! :ole plant indiscrim9ately1 & w be f\nd to conta9 a v m9ute proportion ( ,lactuc>ium1 ! great bulk be+ no?+ m ?an inspissat$ gre5 juice4 ,footnote #ejf3 ,doctor ,eights ( ,albany has relat$ two cases ( ,neuralgia1 9 :i* ! use ( ! ,c>bonate ( ,iron 0 att5d$ ) complete success4 ,see ,new-,york ,m$ical & ,physical ,j\rnal1 ,vol4 ,i4 p4 #cbc4 ,,ed4 ,footnote #ejg3 ,?is fact furni%es ! ,ph>maceutic ,*emi/ ) an easy & effectual mode ( cleans+ ! gre5 cry/als f ! yell[ p]oxide :i* =ms ^u _! surface1 viz4 by wa%+ !m 9 _s4 ,footnote #ejh3 ,by a p>ity ( reason+1 ,mr4 ,c>mi*ael is l$ to pref] ! phosphate ( iron to any o!r prep>ation ( t metal1 9 canc]1 because he ?9ks iron1 comb9$ ) an animal acid1 ent]s ! sy/em 9 great] quantity1 & unites m intimately ) ! juices4 ,,aromatic ,,loz5ges ,,( ,,/eel4 ,^! consi/ ( sulphate ( iron ) a small proportion ( ! t9cture ( ,can?>ides4 ,footnote #eji3 ,,=ge ,,wat]4 ,?is popul> rem$y z a lotion = ,aph? & o!r simil> diseases1 ,i am well satisfi$ possesses consid]able efficacy4 ,x may1 p]haps1 be necess>y to /ate t ,=ge-wat] is t 9 :i* ! ,blacksmi? has plung$ 8 hot iron1 = ! purpose ( refrig]ation4 ,x is to be tak5 e>ly 9 ! morn+1 :51 all ! me*anical impurities hav+ _h "t to subside1 x is beautifully limpid4 ,^u exam9+ "s ( ?is wat] ,i f\nd x to conta9 sulphate ( iron4 ,! sulphuric acid 0 probably d]iv$ f ! sulphur ( ! coals4 ,footnote #eaj3 ,besides ! prep>ations ( ,iron m5tion$ by our au?or1 !re is ano!r :i* has rec5tly be5 introduc$ into practice1 by ,dr4 ,zollickh(f] ( ,m>yl&1 & ?is is ! ,prussiate ( ,iron1 or ,prussian ,blue4 ,l ! o!r =ms ( iron x acts z a p[]ful tonic1 & z a rem$y 9 int]mitt+ & remitt+ fev]s1 ,dr4 ,z4 conceives x to possess _m advantages ov] ,c9*ona4 ,^! he /ates to be ! foll[+3 8#a4 ,x is void ( ta/e1 & may !re=e be mu* m readily exhibit$ ?an ! ,c9*ona ,(fic9alis1 :i* to "s is extremely unpleasant4 #b4 ,x may be giv5 9 e /age ( ! disease1 :ile ! adm9i/ration ( b>k is conf9$ to ! apyrexi4 #d4 ,! dose is mu* small]1 be+ f f\r to six gra9s twice or ?rice 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs2 or at morn+1 noon & night2 :ile b>k1 to be effectual1 mu/ be giv5 9 mu* l>g] doses4 #d4 ,x nev] disagrees ) ! /oma*1 or creates nausea1 ev5 9 ! mo/ irritable /ate ( ?is viscus2 :ile b>k is n unfrequ5tly reject$4 #e4 ,9 its effects z a rem$y calculat$ to prev5t ! recurr5ce ( future p>oxysms1 x is m c]ta91 prompt1 & effectual1 ?an ! ju/ly celebrat$ ,cort4 ,p]uvian4 #f & la/ly1 ,a pati5t treat$ ) ?is article w recov] f ! influ5ce ( int]mitt+ & remitt+ fev]s1 9 ! g5]ality ( cases1 9 mu* less "t ?an is usual 9 ^? cases 9 :i* b>k is employ$40 ,9 us+ ! ,prussiate ( ,iron1 ,dr4 ,zollickh(f] directs t c>e %\ld be tak5 to select t :i* is ( a v d>k blue col\r1 approa*+ to a black1 hav+ a %9+ copp]y fracture1 & adh]+ firmly to ! tongue4 ,,ed4 ,footnote #eaa3 ,,ma?ieu',s ,,v]mifuge4 ,?is consi/$ ( two di/9ct ,electu>ies1 ! "o = kill+1 ! o!r = expell+ ! ,tapeworm4 ,! =m] ( ^! 0 compos$ ( an ounce ( ,t9 ,fil+s1 six dra*ms ( ! ,f]n root1 half an ounce ( ,sem9a ,santonici1 a dra*m ( ! res9\s extract ( ,jalap1 & ( ,sulphate ( ,potass1 & a suffici5t quantity ( ,honey to make an ,electu>y1 ( :i* a tea-spoonful 0 tak5 e ?ree h\rs = two days2 aft] :i* ! latt] electu>y 0 giv5 9 ! same dose1 & consi/$ ( two scruples ( p[d]$ ,jalap1 & ,sulphate ( ,potass1 "o scruple ( ,scammony1 & t5 gra9s ( ,gamboge1 made into an ,electu>y ) ,honey4 ,! inv5tor ( ?is receipt receiv$ ! title ( ,c\nsellor ( ! ,c\rt1 z well z a l>ge p5sion = life1 f ! ,k+ ( ,prussia1 = mak+ x public6 ,footnote #eab3 ,segu9 fir/ prov$ t gallic acid1 & tann9 or ! a/r+5t pr9ciple1 are diff]5t sub/ances2 x is to ! =m] t ! prop]ty ( giv+ a black col\r to ! solutions ( iron is ow+4 ,mr4 ,hat*ett has %ewn t tan or tann9 may be artificially produc$ by ! action ( nitric acid ^u v>i\s vegetable sub/ances4 ,footnote #eac3 ,by ,dr4 ,b>dsley ! same quantity 0 tak5 & ) simil> results4 ,9 _m cases ( ,dyspepsia1 att5d$ ) an irritability ( /oma* t does n admit ( ! employm5t ( bulky m$ic9es1 g5tiania may be us$ ) mu* advantage4 ,! pref]able =m is t ( pill1 giv5 9 doses ( "o gra9 to be repeat$ two or ?ree times a day4 ,unlike ! plant f :i* x is obta9$1 ,g5tiania has no t5d5cy to keep ! b[els op54 ,ed4 ,footnote #ead3 ,x takes its "n f ,,g5tius1 k+ ( ,illyria1 its discov]]1 :o 0 vanqui%$ by ,anicius ! ,roman ,prtor1 ,a4 ,u4 #ehe4 i4 e4 ,a4,c4 #afg1 s t x is nei!r to be f\nd 9 ,hippocrates nor ,!ophra/us4 ,footnote #eae3 ,,brodum',s ,,n]v\s ,,cordial consi/s ( ! t9ctures ( ,g5tian1 ,calumba1 ,c>damom & ,b>k1 ) ! ,comp\nd ,_s ( ,lav5d]1 & ,w9e ( ,iron4 ,,/r\ghton',s ,,elixir4 ,is a t9cture ( ,g5tian1 ) ! addition ( ,s]p5t>ia1 ,orange ,peel1 ,c>damoms1 & "s o!r aromatics4 ,footnote #eaf3 ,,pectoral ,,balsam ,,( ,,liquorice4 ,! proprietor ( ?is no/rum gravely affirms t fiss conta9s ! virtues ( a :ole p\nd ( ,liquorice root2 b ^u inve/igation x w be f\nd to consi/ pr9cipally ( ,p>egoric ,elixir1 v /rongly impregnat$ ) ! ,oil ( ,anise$4 ,footnote #eag3 ,,! ,,*elsea ,,p5sion]4 ,an empirical rem$y = ! rheumatism is well kn[n "u ?is "n2 x is said to be ! prescription ( a ,*elsea ,p5sion]1 by :i* ,"l ,amh]/ 0 cur$2 ! foll[+ is its composition--,gum ,guaiac j--,p[d]$ ,rhub>b ij--,cream ( ,t>t> j--,fl[]s ( ,sulphur j4--,"o ,nutmeg f9ely p[d]$2 made into an ,electu>y ) "o p\nd ( ,cl>ifi$ ,honey4 ,two l>ge spoonsful to be tak5 night & morn+4 ,,walk] ,,wessel',s ,,jesuit ,,drops4 ,?is is no?+ m ?an ! ,elixir ,antiv5]eum ( ,qu9cey1 consi/+ ( ,guaiacum1 ,balsam ( ,copaiba1 & ,oil ( ,sassafras1 made into a ,t9cture by ,_s4 ,,hatfield',s ,,t9cture4 ,guaiac & ,soap1 equal p>ts1 ij--,rectifi$ ,_s oiss4 ,,hill',s ,,ess5ce ,,or ,,b>dana4 ,guaiac j--,_s fiij4 ,footnote #eah3 ,,mat!w',s ,,pills1--,,/>key',s ,,pills4 ,( ! ,roots ( ,black ,hellebore1 ,liquorice1 & ,turm]ic1 equal p>ts1 purifi$ ,opium1 ,ca/ille ,soap1 & ,syrup ( ,saffron1 ! same quantity1 made into pills ) ,oil ( ,turp5t9e4 ,,ba*]',s ,,tonic ,,pills4 ,^! are compos$ ( equal p>ts ( ! ,extract ( ,hellebore1 & ,myrrh j1 ) iij ( p[d]$ ,c>duus ,b5$ictus3 :i* are made into a mass1 & divid$ into pills1 ea* weigh+ "o gra92 f two to six ( :i* may be giv5 ?ree times e day1 accord+ to ! effects !y produce4 ,footnote #eai3 ,:5ce ! decoctions ( ?is sub/ance h be5 t]m$ ,ptisans1 f decortico1 to peel4 ,footnote #ebj3 ,a ,comp\nd1 consi/+ ( ,extract ( ,quassia & ,liquorice1 is us$ by fraudul5t brew]s to economise bo? malt & hops1 & is te*nically call$ 8,,multum40 ,an ,extract ( ,cocculus ,indicus is sold "u ! "n ( 8,,black ,,extract10 = imp>t+ an intoxicat+ quality to ! ,be]4 ,footnote #eba3 ( ! ,greeks1 f its fluidity & col\r4 ,quicksilv]4 ,quick 9 ! old ,saxon tongue signifies liv+1 an epi!t d]iv$ f its mobility4 ,m]cury4 ,my?ologi/s in=m u t he 0 ! w+$ mess5g] ( ! ,gods1 & ! ,patron ( ,?ieves1--,:at "n !re=e c\ld be m appropriate = ! metal 9 "q ?an t ( ?is ,deity8 = x is n only di/+ui%$ f all o!r metals by its mobility1 b its univ]sal ag5cy has r5d]$ x ! res\rce ( ^? wor/ ( ,?ieves--,quacks & ,no/rummong]s4 ,footnote #ebb3 ,!re is inde$ ano!r purpose to :i* pure quicksilv] has be5 appli$ t des]ves notice4 ,its adm9i/ration has be5 propos$ 9 cases :]e silv] co9 has be5 swall[$1 ) a view ( =m+ ) x an amalgam t w\ld spe$ily pass ?r\gh ! alim5t>y canal4 ,footnote #ebc3 ,fod] 7,m$4 ,leg4 ,t4 iii4 p4 #dee7 /ates t he has se5 wat]1 9 :i* m]cury has be5 boil$1 become purgative & v]mifuge2 & yet ! metal1 9 su* cases1 has n lo/ any ( its weight4 ,footnote #ebd3 ,if ! quantity ( ,lime wat] be small1 ! precipitate w assume a r$ col\r1 & w be f\nd to be a ,submuriate ( ! p]oxide4 ,footnote #ebe3 ,z ?is salt has be5 suppos$ to arre/ ! progress ( syphilis m rapidly1 & at ! same "t1 to excite ! saliv>y gl&s less ?an any o!r prep>ation ( m]cury1 x g5]ally =ms ! basis ( ^? dang]\s no/rums1 :i* are adv]tis$ = ! cure ( ,syphilis )\t ,m]cury4 ,! contriv]s hope also to elude detection by ! d5sity & col\r ( ! prep>ation4 ,,g[l&',s ,,lotion1 ,is a solution ( sublimate 9 an emulsion =m$ ( bitt] almonds1 9 ! proportion ( ab\t gr4 jss to fj4 ,a solution ( ?is m]curial salt 9 ,_s ( ,rosem>y1 is also sold z an empirical cosmetic4 ,,norton',s ,,drops4 ,a disguis$ solution ( corrosive sublimate4 ,,w>d',s ,,:ite ,,drops4 ,?is once e/eem$ ,anti-,scorbutic 0 prep>$ by dissolv+ m]cury 9 nitric acid1 & add+ a solution ( c>bonate ( ammonia2 or frequ5tly x consi/$ ( a solution ( sublimate ) c>bonate ( ammonia4 ,,spilsbury',s ,,antiscorbutic ,,drops4 ,( ,corrosive ,sublimate ij1 ,prep>$ ,sulphuret ( ,antimony j1 ,g5tian root & ,orange peel1 equal p>ts ij1 ,%av+s ( ,r$ ,saund]s1 j1 made ) a p9t ( pro( _s into a t9cture1 :i* is to be dige/$ & /ra9$4 8,,! ,,antiv5]eal ,,drops10 s fam\s at ,am/]dam1 7 analys$ by ,s*eele1 :o f\nd !y 7 compos$ ( muriate ( iron1 ) a small proportion ( corrosive sublimate4 ,,m>sd5',s ,,antiscorbutic ,,drops4 ,a solution ( sublimate 9 an infusion ( ,g5tian4 ,,gre5',s ,,drops4 ,! basis ( ^! also is sublimate4 ,,solomon',s ,,anti-,,impetig9es4 ,a solution ( sublimate4 ,,rob ,,anti-,,syphilitique1 p> ,m4 ,laffecteur1 ,m$ic9 ,*emi/e4 ,?is popul> no/rum ( ! ,fr5* conta9s z a pr9cipal +r$i5t1 corrosive sublimate4 ,a /rong decoction ( ,arundo ,phragmitis 7! bull ru%7 is made1 ) ! addition ( s>sap>illa & anise$s t[>ds ! end1 :i* is evaporat$1 & made into a rob1 or syrup1 to :i* ! sublimate is add$4 ,,sirop ,,de ,,cuis9i]e4 ,?is consi/s ( decoctions ( s>sap>illa1 burrage fl[]s1 :ite roses1 s5na1 & anise$1 to :i* sublimate is add$1 & ! :ole is !n made into a syrup ) sug> & honey4 ,,t]re ,,feuilletee ,,m]curielle ( ,pressav94 ,?is is ,t>t>iz$ ,m]cury1 = x is made by boil+ ! oxyd ( m]cury 7obta9$ by precipitat+ x f a nitric solution1 by potass7 ) cream ( t>t>4 ,,velno',s ,,vegetable ,,syrup4 ,!re has be5 a great obscurity ) respect to ! g5u9e composition ( ?is no/rum2 x has g5]ally be5 suppos$ to consi/ ( sublimate rubb$ up ) honey & mucilage4 ,i h lately receiv$ f my fri5d ,mr4 ,brodie a =mula1 by :i* a m$ic9e p]fectly analog\s 9 its s5sible *>act]s1 & m$ic9al prop]ties1 to ! ,syrup 9 "q1 may be prep>$2 & ,i am assur$ t1 :]ev] x has be5 tri$1 its effects are 9 e respect simil> to ^? produc$ by ! orig9al no/rum4 ,take ( ,burdock root 7"y & fre%7 slic$1 ij2 ,d&elion root i2 ,spe> ,m9t 7fre%7 j2 ,s5na ,leaves1 ,cori&] ,se$s 7bruis$71 ,liquorice ,root 7fre%7 ( ea* iss2 ,wat] oiss3 boil g5tly until r$uc$ to oj2 !n /ra91 &1 :5 cold1 add ( lump sug>1 & boil x to ! consi/5ce ( a syrup1 & add a small proportion ( ! solution ( ,oxy-muriate ( ,m]cury4 ,sw$iaur says t volatile alkali ent]s into ?is no/rum z an +r$i5t2 ?is alkali 0 propos$ by ,dr4 ,peyrile1 z a sub/itute = m]cury1 & x con/itutes ! active +r$i5t ( ! foll[+ composition1 :i* 0 propos$ by ,mr4 ,besn>d1 ,physician to ! ,k+ ( ,bav>ia4 ,,t9ctura ,,antisyphillitica4 ,sub-c>b4 potass1 j4 dissolv$ 9 ,aq4 ,c9nam1 oj4 ,opii puri1 ij4 dissolv$ 9 ,spir4 c9namom4 fiv4 mix ^! sep>ate solutions1 & put !m on a wat]-ba? = ?ree weeks1 tak+ c>e to %ake ! vessel frequ5tly2 to ?is add ,gum arabic ij1 ,c>b4 ,ammoni j1 dissolve 9 ,aq4 ,c9namomi2 mix1 filt]1 & keep = use4 ,dose1 tw5ty-f\r drops ?ree times a day1 9 a glass ( ! cold decoction ( ,m>% ,mall[ root4 ,! ext]nal use ( ^! drops is also advis$ = local syphilitic compla9ts6 ,footnote #ebf3 ,by ?is simple & beautiful te/1 ! late ,mr4 ,ar*deacon ,wolla/on id5tifi$ ! pres5ce ( ,sublimate 9 ! yea/ dumpl+s by :i* ,mi*ael ,:it+ 0 poison$ at ,ely2 a case :i* ,i h record$ 9 my "w on ,m$ical ,jurisprud5ce1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #bfe4 ,footnote #ebg3 ,ann4 de ,*imie et ,phys4 iv4 #ccd4 ,footnote #ebh3 ,= a m elaborate acc\nt ( ! v>i\s te/s ( ,corrosive ,sublimate1 see ,beck's ,m$ical ,jurisprud5ce1 ,vol4 #b1 p4 #bfg4--;,ed4 ,footnote #ebi3 ,= ! orig9 ( ! t]m ,calomel1 see note1 page #dj4 ,footnote #ecj3 ,mr4 ,william ,phillips has fav\r$ me ) a model ( ?is cry/al cut 9 wood2 x is a rectangul> prism ^: solid angles are deeply replac$ by planes4 ,footnote #eca3 ,_m ( ! no/rums adv]tis$ = ! cure ( worms1 conta9 ,calomel z ! pr9cipal +r$i5t1 comb9$ ) scammony1 jalap1 gamboge1 or "s o!r purgative2 !y are unc]ta9 & dang]\s m$ic9es2 ! me?od ( exhibit+ !m 9 ! =m ( loz5ges 7worm cakes17 is also att5d$ ) inconv5i5ce1 = ! sug> & ! gum g5]at+ an acid1 by be+ kept 9 damp places1 may consid]ably increase ! acrimony ( ! m]cury2 besides :i*1 ! calomel is frequ5tly diffus$ v unequally ?r\gh ! mass1 "o loz5ge may !re=e conta9 a poison\s dose1 :il/ o!rs may sc>cely possess any active matt]4 ,,*+',s ,,worm ,,loz5ges4 ,^! consi/ ( yell[ & br[n loz5ges1 ! =m] are direct$ to be tak5 9 ! ev5+1 ! latt] ! succe$+ morn+4 ,,! ,,yell[ ,,loz5ges4 ,take ( ,saffron ss1 ( wat] oj1 boil1 & /ra92 add ( ,:ite ,panacea ( ,m]cury 7,calomel wa%$ 9 _s ( w9e7 j1 :ite sug>1 #bh1 mucilage ( ,tragacan? z mu* z may be suffici5t to make a mass1 :i* roll out ( an exact ?ickness1 s t ea* loz5ge may conta9 "o gra9 ( ,panacea4 ,,! ,,br[n ,,loz5ges4 ,panacea vij1 res9 ( jalap1 iijss1 :ite sug> ix1 mucilage ( tragacan? q4 s4 ea* loz5ge %\ld conta9 gr4 ( panacea4 ,,/ory',s ,,worm ,,cakes4 ,calomel & jalap made into cakes & col\r$ ) c9nab>4 ,footnote #ecb3 ,= ! orig9 ( ?is t]m see page #ci4 ,footnote #ecc3 ,,*amb]la9',s ,,re/orative ,,pills4 8,! mo/ c]ta9 cure = ! ,scr(ula1 or ,k+'s ,evil1 ,fi/ula1 ,scurvy1 & all ,impurities ( ! ,blood40 ,my att5tion has be5 p>ticul>ly direct$ to ^! pills1 9 consequ5ce ( hav+ lately se51 dur+ ! c\rse ( my pr(essional duty1 sev]al highly respectable p]sons1 :o _h be5 induc$ to make trial ( _! efficacy4 ,_! inv5tor1 if ,i am rightly in=m$1 resides at ,ipswi*1 :]e1 = ! b5efit ( suff]+ humanity1 he prep>es ^! wond]ful pills1 &1 ) ! alacrity ( 8 patron deity1 ,m]cury1 transmits !m to e corn] ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 ,x appe>s f ! pr9t$ directions :i* accompany ! 8,re/orative ,pills10 t _! use mu/ be cont9u$ = a v long p]iod2 b ^u ?is occasion we mu/ all[ ! ,doctor to speak = himself4 8,x may be necess>y to obs]ve1 t 9 "s cases ( ,scr(ula1 especially :5 ! seat ( ! disease is 9 ! feet1 ancles1 or h&s1 x may take a long "t to effect a cure1 ev5 two ye>s1 & x may be twelve or sixte5 mon?s1 ) seem+ little or no improvem5t1 yet ! cure is c]ta9 by p]sev]ance40 ,:at--two ye>s6 & to be tak5 dur+ a p]iod ( sixte5 mon?s )\t any s5sible b5efit6 ,is x possible t p]sons c be f\nd ) suffici5t cr$ulity & resolution to submit to s prepo/]\s a proposal8 we h no d\bt t ,mr4 ,*amb]la9 c produce z great a portion ( cures aft] su* an ordeal1 z 0 adduc$ 9 =m] times1 9 pro( ( ! efficacy ( ! ,royal ,t\*1 & = ! same obvi\s reason4 7,see page #af47 ,^u exam9+ ^! said pills1 ,i f9d !m to consi/ ( ,c9nab>1 ,sulphur1 ,sulphate ( ,lime1 & a little vegetable matt]1 p]haps gum4 ,ea* pill weighs a fraction less ?an ?ree gra9s2 ^u divid+ "o ) a p5knife1 & exam9+ ! cut surface ?r\gh a l5s1 x exhibit$ ! appe>ance ( scori ( a brick r$ col\r1 hav+ small yell[i% masses imb$d$ 9 its sub/ance4 ,:5 expos$ on a piece ( plat9um foil to ! action ( ! bl[-pipe1 x yield$ vap\rs ( a /rong sulphure\s smell1 & left a residuum ( a pe>ly :ite matt]1 :i* consi/$ almo/ entirely ( ,sulphate ( ,lime4 ,^u submitt+ a portion ( ! pill1 9 a glass tube1 to ! heat ( a _s lamp1 two di/9ct sublimates 7 produc$1 ! fir/ consi/+ ( ,sulphur1 ! second ( ,c9nab>2 & a small c>bonace\s deposit rema9$4 ,! ,pill 0 !n assay$1 via humida2 di/ill$ wat] dissolv$ ! ,sulphate ( lime1 :i* 0 id5tifi$ by appropriate te/s1 & left sulphur & c9nab> on ! filtre4 ,by ! above exp]im5ts ,i feel w>rant$ 9 consid]+ ! composition ( ?is pill z fully asc]ta9$4 ,,bo]haave',s ,,r$ ,,pill4 ,! basis ( ?is no/rum is ,c9nab>4 ,footnote #ecd3 ,! anatomi/ employs x = giv+ col\r to 8 injections2 = ?is purpose x is v ess5tial t x %\ld be q free f r$ lead1 or 8 prep>ations w 9 a %ort "t lose _! spl5d\r1 & ultimately become black4 ,?is has un=tunately happ5$ ) "s prep>ations :i* ,dr4 ,baillie pres5t$ to ! ,college ( ,physicians4 ,mr4 ,accum1 9 8 "w entitl$ 8,dea? 9 ! ,pot10 /ates a case ( poison+ f *eese :i* _h be5 col\r$ ) adult]at$ ,v]million4 ,i am ready to admit1 h[ev]1 t ! s\rce ( ?is in=mation is ( v d\btful au?ority2 nev] did a "w appe> :i* s little m]it$ ! att5tion x receiv$2 ev5 ! title1 :i* seem$ to h "s claim to orig9ality1 0 borr[$ f a "w by ,m\*>t1 call$ 8,mors 9 ,olla40 ,footnote #ece3 ,,anodyne ,,necklaces4 ,! roots ( ,hyoscyamus are commonly /rung 9 ! =m ( beads1 & sold "u ?is "n1 to tie r\nd ! necks ( *ildr51 to facilitate ! gr[? ( _! tee?1 & allay ! irritation ( tee?+4 ,! application ( m$icat$ necklaces is a v anci5t sup]/ition4 ,see page #ac4 ,su* rem$ies 7 sometimes call$ ,p]iapts1 4 ,footnote #ecf3 ,9 _m cases x is ess5tial t ! wat] %\ld be at ! boil+ po9t1 a few degrees ev5 less ?an ?is w (t5 prove a s\rce ( failure2 ?is is well exemplifi$ by ! famili> fact ( ! weakness ( our ,tea1 :5 made by wat] t does n q boil4 ,! ,monks ( ,/4 ,b]n>d1 9 ! ,alps1 compla9 t !y _c make good ,b\illie2 ! case is simply ?is1 t f ! altitude ( _! mona/]y1 ! wat] boils be=e x c arrive at a suffici5tly high temp]ature4 ,:5ce we may d$uce ?is important inf]5ce1 t ! solv5t p[]s ( wat] are affect$ by a v slight range ( temp]ature4 ,see a full] acc\nt ( ?is subject 9 my "w on 8,m$ical ,*emi/ry40 ,footnote #ecg3 ,:]e ! vegetable matt] conta9s mu* />*1 if ! wat] be ( a temp]ature high] ?an #afe1 in/ead ( dissolv+1 x w coagulate ! />*1 & produce a v untractable mass4 ,?is fact is well kn[n to ,brew]s1 :o are extremely cauti\s 9 avoid+ a too high temp]ature4 ,footnote #ech3 ,,madd5',s ,,vegetable ,,ess5ce4 ,is little else ?an ! ,infusum ,ros comp3 ) an increas$ proportion ( ,acid4 ,footnote #eci3 ,?is fact has be5 lately confirm$ by ,m4 ,f4 ,c>ti]1 :o f\nd #d gr4 ( oxide ( iron 9 #ajjj gr4 ( r$ roses4 ,footnote #edj3 ,a valuable pap] ^u ?is subject is to be f\nd 9 ! fir/ volume ( 8,! ,reports ( ! ,philomatic ,society ( ,p>is30 by ,b\illon ,la ,grange4 ,x has be5 lately suppos$1 b )\t mu* probability1 t ! grip+ prop]ty ( ,s5na dep5ds ^u its admixture ) "s =eign leaf4 ,footnote #eda3 ,,selway',s ,,prep>$ ,,ess5ce ,,( ,,s5na4 ,?is is a conc5trat$ infusion ( ,s5na1 9 comb9ation ) an alkali4 ,footnote #edb3 ,! plant yield+ ! ,ipecacuanha ( ! %ops1 is m probably a species ( ,viola ?an t ( ,callicocca4 ,accord+ to ,l9nu1 x is n unfrequ5tly obta9$ f ! ,psycotria ,emetica4 ,! ^w ,ipecacuanha signifies any emetic sub/ance4 ,footnote #edc3 ,a =mula = its prep>ation is introduc$ into ! new ,,codex ( ,p>is1 be+ ! "o us$ by ,m4 ,pelleti]2 x is z foll[s4 ,let i ( ! p[d] ( ,ipecacuan be mac]at$ 9 ij ( !r ) a g5tle heat = "s h\rs1 9 a di/ill+ app>atus2 let ! portion :i* rema9s be triturat$ & boil$ ) iv ( alcohol2 x hav+ be5 previ\sly mac]at$ 9 x2 filt] & let ! rema9d] be treat$ ) fre% portions ( alcohol1 z long z any ?+ is tak5 up f ! root2 mix ^! alcoholic solutions & evaporate to dryness2 let ?is alcoholic extract be mac]at$ 9 cold di/ill$ wat]1 9 ord] t e ?+ soluble 9 t m5/ruum may be dissolv$2 filt]1 & evaporate to dryness2 ?is extract is ,emet9e4 ,9 ?is /ate h[ev] x conta9s a small quantity ( gallic acid1 b :i* is too inconsid]able to affect its m$ic9al qualities4 ,footnote #edd3 ,we agree ) ! au?or 9 8 e/imate ( ! value ( ,emet9e4 ,z a g5]al rem$y1 x possesses no advantage ov] ! ,ipecacuanha itself1 & w probably nev] sup]s$e x4 ,cases may occur1 h[ev]1 9 :i* its use w be desirable1 & x may !n be giv5 9 ! foll[+ doses4 ,z an ,emetic1 f f\r to five gra9s dissolv$ 9 a c\ple ( ounces ( "s aromatic wat]2 z a ,diaphoretic1 ab\t half a gra9 repeat$ e f\r h\rs2 & z an ,expectorant1 "o-fif? or "o-f\r? ( a gra9 repeat$ e two or ?ree h\rs4 ,^! doses apply only to ! impure or col\r$ ,emet9e1 ! =m 9 :i* x is commonly f\nd4 ,ed4 ,footnote #ede3 ,,ipecacuanha ,,loz5ges4 ,ea* ,loz5ge conta9s half a gra9 ( ,ipecacuanha4 ,footnote #edf3 ,,sapo ,,jalap9us4 ,x is prep>$ by tak+ equal p>ts ( ,ca/ille ,soap & ( res9\s extract ( ,jalap1 & dige/+ !m 9 a suffici5t quantity ( alcohol1 ) mod]ate heat1 & evaporat+ to ! consi/5ce ( a cons]ve4 ,footnote #edg3 ,! plant :i* yields ,k9o is at l5g? satisfactorily prov$ to be ! ,pt]oc>pus ,er9acea2 ! ,london ,college h accord+ly made ! alt]ation :i* ,i anticipat$ 9 ! =m] edition ( ?is "w4 ,footnote #edh3 ,dr4 ,pemb]ton makes ! int]e/+ /atem5t 9 relation to ! op]ation ( ,k9o ^u ! sy/em1 t unless ,di>rha be actually pres5t1 8x appe>s to h no t5d5cy to conf9e ! b[els4 ,9 ?is drug1 !re=e10 he adds1 8y h a m$ic9e :i* ex]ts its p[]s to re/ra9 ! dis*>ges ( ! gl&s :5 !y are secret+ too mu*1 )\t ex]t+ any su* p[]s ov] !m :5 !y are act+ naturally40 ,practical ,treatise on ! v>i\s diseases ( ! abdom9al visc]a1 p4 #aab1 ,am4 ,ed4 ,,ed4 ,footnote #edi3 ,x 0 kn[n to be a rem$y = ?is disord] at lea/ two hundr$ ye>s ago2 =1 9 a "w entitl$1 8,! ,surgeon's ,mate1 or ,milit>y & ,dome/ic ,m$ic9e10 by ,john ,woodall1 ma/] 9 ,surg]y1 ,london1 #afcf1 ! au?or concludes 8 eulogium ( lemon juice1 by say+1 8,i d>e n write h[ good a sauce x is at meat1 le/ ! *ief 9 ! %ip %\ld wa/e x 9 ! great cab9 to save v9eg>40 ,footnote #eej3 ,,ess5tial ,,salt ,,( ,,lemons4 ,see ,potass ,sup]-t>tras4 ,footnote #eea3 ,,w>d',s ,,ess5ce ,,= ,,! ,,head-,,a*e4--,no?+ m ?an ,l9im5t4 ,camph4 ,comp4 ,footnote #eeb3 ,,/e]',s ,,opodeldoc4--,ca/ille ,soap j1 ,rectifi$ ,_s1 fviij1 ,camphor iiiss1 ,oil ( ,rosem>y fss1 ,oil ( ,origanum fj4 ,solution ( ,ammonia fvj4 ,,bates',s ,,anodyne ,,balsam4--,x consi/s ( "o "p ( ,t9cture ( ,opium1 & two ( ,opodeldoc1 i4 e4 ,l9im5t4 ,sapon4 comp4 ,,freeman',s ,,ba?+ ,,spirits4--,l9im5t4 ,saponis comp4 col\r$ ) ,daffy's ,elixir4 ,,jackson',s ,,ba?+ ,,spirits diff]s f ! =m] 9 ! addition ( "s ess5tial oils4 ,,lyn*',s ,,embrocation4--,olive oil impregnat$ ) ,b]gamot & "s o!r ess5ces1 & col\r$ ) ,alkanet root4 ,footnote #eec3 ,s9ce ! la/ edition ( ?is "w1 ,mr4 ,dalton has discov]$ ! v curi\s fact1 t lime is m soluble 9 cold ?an 9 hot wat]1 & has giv5 a table ( quantities f :i* he concludes t ! quantity held 9 solution by wat] at #cb ,fah3 is ne>ly d\ble t reta9$ by wat] at #bab4 ,mr4 ,phillips has lately tak5 up ! subject1 & confirm$ ! /atem5t ( ,mr4 ,dalton4 ?us #aj4jjj gr4 ( wat]1 at #bab1 dissolve #g4h ( lime #aj4jjj gr4 ( wat]1 at #cb1 -------- #ae4b -------- ,mr4 ,phillips attempts to acc\nt = ?is app>5t anomaly 8f ! effect :i* heat sometimes produces ( increas+ in/ead ( dim9i%+ ! attraction ( cohesion4 ,9 ! pres5t case1 he cont9ues1 ! aff9ities :i* are br\ght into play are1 ! attractions ( aggregation ( ! p>ticles ( ! lime ^u ea* o!r1 ! attraction ( ! lime to =m a hydrate ) a small portion ( ! wat]1 & ! mutual aff9ity exi/+ betwe5 t hydrate & ! wat] ( solution40 ,& at ! high temp]ature he ?9ks t ! =m] aff9ities may be s height5$ z to ov]p[] ! latt]4 ,footnote #eed3 ,^u ?is fact ,dr4 ,alton f\nd$ 8 +5i\s process = pres]v+ wat] f putrefaction2 9 ! fir/ place he impregnat$ ! wat] ) lime1 :i* f its antiseptic prop]ty answ]$ ! purpose ( keep+ x mo/ completely1 & !n1 9 ord] to get rid ( ! lime1 he m]ely add$ ! c>bonate ( magnesia1 :i* by transf]r+ its c>bonic acid1 r5d]$ ! lime insoluble1 & consequ5tly ! wat] ta/eless & fit = economical purposes4 ,mr4 ,h5ry1 h[ev]1 propos$ ! introduction ( a curr5t ( c>bonic acid into ! cask1 & ?is exp$i5t has be5 f\nd equally effective1 & f> m economical4 ,footnote #eee3 ,,mrs4 ,,/eph5',s ,,rem$y ,,= ,,! ,,/one consi/$ ( lime1 :i* 0 produc$ by calc9+ ! %ells ( eggs & snails1 & made into pills ) ,soap4 ,a decoction 0 also adm9i/]$1 consi/+ ( ,*amomile1 ,f5nel1 ,p>sley & ,burdock1 toge!r ) a portion ( ,alicant ,soap4 ,?is is a v rational practice1 & is v mu* :at ! practition]s ( ! pres5t day dep5d ^u3 ! obs]vations ( ,mrs4 ,/eph5s respect+ _! adm9i/ration1 are equally judici\s4 8,if10 says %e1 8^! m$ic9es produce pa91 x w be necess>y to give an opiate ) !m1 & x mu/ be at all times a pr9cipal c>e to prev5t a loos5ess1 = if ?is %\ld happ5 x w\ld c>ry (f ! m$ic9es2 "u su* circum/ances ! quantity ( ! ,decoction1 s9ce x is laxative1 mu/ be dim9i%$1 & o!r suitable means mu/ be tak5 by ! advice ( a ,physician40 ,! cr$it ( introduc+ alkal9e m$ic9es = ! cure ( calcul\s disord]s1 does n h[ev] re/ ) ,,mrs4 ,,/eph5s4 ,x has be5 be=e /at$ 9 ?is "w1 t ,basil ,val5t9e employ$ a fix$ alkal9e salt 9 su* cases2 & ,i may "h add1 t ,,s5n]tus1 9 8 ,praxis ,m$ica1 m5tions a li?on?ryptic t 0 9 great e/eem & g5]al use 9 8 "t1 :i* consi/$ ( "o ounce ( ,salt ( ,t>t> dissolv$ 9 a p9t ( p>sley wat]1 & aft]w>ds t+$ yell[ ) orange peel4 ,footnote #eef3 ,,virg9',s ,,milk4 ,a prep>ation is sold "u ?is "n1 :i* is a ,sulphate ( ,lead1 & is prep>$ z foll[s4 ,to a saturat$ solution ( ,alum1 add ( ,g\l>d's extract "o ?ird "p4 ,%ake !m toge!r2--see ,b5zo9um = a v diff]5t cosmetic be>+ ! same "n4 ,footnote #eeg3 ,,hankay',s ,,lotion1 ,,or ,,prev5tive ,,wa%4 ,?is fam\s no/rum = ! prev5tion ( v5]eal infection1 0 no?+ m ?an a solution ( cau/ic potass4 ,footnote #eeh3 ,,dr4 ,,*ittick',s ,,rem$y ,,= ,,! ,,/one4 ,?is celebrat$ no/rum consi/$ ( a fix$ alkali 9 veal bro?2 ! bro? 0 usually made by 8 pati5ts1 & s5t to him fre% e day1 9 ord] to be m$icat$4 ,a4 ,d4 #agff4 ,footnote #eei3 ,magnesia 0 orig9ally a g5]al t]m1 expressive ( any sub/ance :i* _h ! p[] ( attract+ "s pr9ciple f ! air1 f ,magnes1 ! ,load/one4 ,! peculi> body :i* we n[ d5om9ate ,magnesia1 0 fir/ sold z a panacea1 by a canon at ,rome1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 "u ! title ( ,magnesia alba1 or ,c\nt ,palma's ,p[d]4 ,footnote #efj3 ,,dalby',s ,,c>m9ative4 ,?is consi/s ( c>bonate ( magnesia ij1 oils ( ,pepp]m9t1 j1 ( ,nutmeg1 ij1 ( ,anise$ iij1 ( ! t9ctures ( ,ca/or xxx1 ( ,assaftida xv1 ,t9cture ( ,opium1 v1 ,_s ( ,p5nyroyal xv1 ( ! ,comp\nd ,t9cture ( ,c>damoms xxx1 ,pepp]m9t wat] fij4 ,!re are *eap] compositions sold "u ! same "n4 ,9 exam9+ ! pret5sions ( ?is comb9ation1 x mu/ be all[$ t x is con/ruct$ ^u philosophical pr9ciples2 ?is h[ev] is no reason :y ! physician %\ld recomm5d x2 ! mis*iev\s t5d5cy ( a quack m$ic9e does n dep5d ^u its composition1 b ^u its application2 we ought to rememb]1 says an em95t physician1 t 9 recomm5d+ ?is no/rum we fo/] ! dang]\s prejudices ( mo!rs & nurses1 :o are unable to asc]ta9 ! circum/ances "u :i* x %\ld be giv51 or ev5 ! prop] doses2 if its composition is judici\s1 :y d n physicians ord] ! same 9 a regul> prescription1 r ?an 9 a =m 9 :i* ! mo/ valuable rem$y w be abus$8 ,footnote #efa3 8,manna1 vox *aldaica e/1 admirantis int]jectio1 d$ucta ab ,hebraico ,manhu1 sive quid e/ hoc80 ,*ry/om4 ,magn5i ,ex]citat4 de ,manno4 ,footnote #efb3 ,,honey ,,wat]4--,! article usually sold "u ?is "n is a mixture ( ,ess5ces col\r$ ) ,saffron2 "s add a small quantity ( ,honey1 ! effect ( :i* is to communicate a clamm9ess :i* reta9s ! sc5t long]4 ,footnote #efc3 ,,ess5ce ,,( ,,pepp]m9t4--,a spiritu\s solution ( ! ,ess5tial ,oil1 col\r$ gre5 by ,sp9a* leaves4 ,footnote #efd3 ,if ! ,gum arabic be adult]at$ ) t ( ! ,*]ry-tree1 ! solution w be ropy1 9 consequ5ce ( ! pres5ce ( ,,c]as94 ,see ,mucilago ,tragacan?4 7,note47 ,footnote #efe3 ,! mucilage is at ! same "t conv]t$ by ?is salt into a beautiful pea* blossom col\r4 ,footnote #eff3 ,?is v>iety ( gum1 :i* is *>act]is$ by its gelat9iz+1 b n dissolv+1 9 wat]1 occurs 9 sev]al vegetable sub/ances2 & z x pr$om9ates 9 ! ,*]ry-tree1 ,dr4 ,john has di/+ui%$ x by ! "n ( ,,c]as92 b z ,tragacan? consi/s almo/ entirely ( ?is sub/ance1 ! t]m ,,tragacan?9 w\ld h be5 mu* m appropriate4 ,al?\gh ,c]as9 w n dissolve 9 pure wat]1 x und]goes solution 9 t m5/ruum1 at ! temp]ature ( ebullition1 provid$ a portion ( a m9]al acid be add$4 ,footnote #efg3 ,sir ,hans ,sloane publi%$ a ,pap] 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions1 ,no4 #bdi1 ,vol4 xxi4 p4 #dd1 entitl$ 8,an acc\nt ( ! ,nux ,pepita1 or ,/4 ,ignatius's ,bean 7,ignatia ,am>a1 ,l947 ,a ,simple 9 common use 9 ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s1 z a ,tonic m$ic9e40 ,footnote #efh3 ,t ! active pr9ciple ( ! ,nux ,vomica exp5ds its virul5ce ^u ! sp9al m>r[ has be5 already notic$4 ,page #acc4 ,footnote #efi3 ,m4 ,h5ry has giv5 u ! mo/ simple =mula = ! prep>ation ( ?is sub/ance4 ,x consi/s 9 boil+ ,nux ,vomica 9 wat]1 & evaporat+ ! decoction until x acquires ! consi/5ce ( ,syrup2 lime is !n add$1 :i* unites ) ! acid1 & lib]ates ! ,/ry*nia2 :i* may !n be sep>at$ by means ( alcohol1 f :i* x may be obta9$ by cry/allization4 ,footnote #egj3 ,ann3 de ,*imie et de ,phys4 x4 #aec4 ,footnote #ega3 ,m4 ,maj5die has kill$ a dog ) "o eigh? ( a gra91 & ! editor ( ! ,ed9burgh ,m$3 ,surg3 j\rn3 has se5 "o die 9 two m9utes aft] ! injection ( "o six? ( a gra9 into ! cavity ( ! pleura4 ,! celebrat$ ,java poison owes its activity to ,/ry*nia4 ,footnote #egb3 ,/ry*nia 0 obta9$ f ! beans ( ,/4 ,ignatius by ! foll[+ process3 a portion ( ! beans be+ grat$ 0 heat$ 9 a close vessel1 "u pressure1 ) sulphuric !r1 by :i* an oily matt] 0 dissolv$2 ! residuum !n yield$ by ! action ( alcohol1 a yell[i% br[n1 v bitt] sub/ance1 :i* be+ boil$ 9 pure magnesia & filt]$1 ! col\r+ matt] 0 wa%$ out1 & ! ,/ry*nia & magnesia1 9 a /ate ( mixture1 rema9$ on ! filtre4 ,! ,/ry*nia 0 !n sep>at$ by alcohol1 & ?us obta9$ 9 a /ate ( great purity4 ,footnote #egc3 ,see note "u ! article ,opium4 ,footnote #egd3 ,) reg>d to ! use ( ,/ry*nia 9 p>alysis1 exp]im5ts suffici5tly num]\s h n[ be5 made to enable u to judge ( its true value & efficacy4 ,l all o!r rem$ies x is by no means infallible4 ,9 "s cases x does no good1 :ile 9 o!rs x causes effects :i* no o!r rem$y is capable ( produc+4 ,e ?+ dep5ds ^u ! nature ( ! case4 ,:5ev] p>alysis is ! result ( "s organic d]angem5t ( ! bra91 su* z tumors press+ ^u ! sub/ance ( t organ1 diseas$ alt]ations 9 its /ructure1 or extravasations ( fluid :i* _c be absorb$1 !n ?is rem$y w be ( no avail4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :]e ! p>alysis dep5ds ^u simple dim9i%$ n]v\s excitem5t1 x may & has be5 completely cur$ by ! use ( ?is article4 ,9 p>aplegia x has g5]ally be5 f\nd m successful ?an 9 hemiplegia4 ,! fir/ effects ( ! rem$y 9 all cases are convulsive twit*+s ( ! p>alyz$ p>ts1 & no b5efit is d]iv$ f its use until ?is effect is produc$ & cont9u$ = "s "t4 ,if ple?ora %\ld be pres5t1 ?is is to be correct$ by v5esection1 purgatives1 & o!r appropriate treatm5t4 ,x is a great advantage att5d+ ! use ( ?is p[]ful ag5t t x does n at all impair ! tone ( ! /oma*2 on ! contr>y1 x has a t5d5cy to increase ! appetite & promote dige/ion4 ,9 hav+ rec\rse to ! ,/ry*nia1 ! be/ way is to comm5ce ) small doses1 increas+ !m gradually accord+ to ! effect produc$--"o-eigh? ( a gra9 twice a day is suffici5t to beg9 )4 ,?is may be cauti\sly increas$ to #a_/f1 #a_/d1 or ev5 a gra9 twice a day4 ,%\ld any unpleasant symptoms occur1 ( c\rse its use %\ld be discont9u$2 & :5 ! symptoms subside1 x may aga9 be resum$4 ,by obs]v+ ^! g5]al precautions !re is no dang] 9 us+ ?is o!rwise pot5t ag5t4 ,! be/ =m ( giv+ x is 9 t ( pill1 made up ) cons]ve ( roses4 ,f exp]im5ts made ) ,brucia1 x is f\nd to ex]t an influ5ce analog\s to t ( ! ,/ry*nia1 only less en]getic--"o-f\r? ( a gra9 ( ! latt] equals 9 effect ab\t six gra9s ( ! =m]4 ,x occasions viol5t tetanic attacks1 & acts ^u ! n]ves )\t affect+ ! bra9 or ! intellectual functions4 ,f ! inf]ior en]gy ( ! ,brucia1 x may be us$ 9 cases :]e ! ,/ry*nia w\ld n be prop]4 ,! dose to beg9 ) is gr4 j4 twice a day1 increas$ to ?ree or f\r times a day4 ,unless x does "s good 9 five or six weeks its use %\ld be discont9u$4--,,ed4 ,footnote #ege3 ,,huiles ,,antiques4 ,! basis ( ! be/ ( ^! oils1 is ! oil ( ,b51 f ! nuts ( ! ,guilangia ,mor+a1 or oil ( hazel1 :i* is a v good sub/itute1 s9ce x is inodor\s1 col\rless1 & may be kept = a consid]able p]iod )\t becom+ rancid3 x is !re=e well adapt$ to receive & reta9 ! od\r ( ^? vegetables t yield b a small proportion ( ess5tial oil4 ,footnote #egf3 ,,oil ,,( ,,bricks4 ,s call$ because ?is empyreumatic oil 0 sometimes obta9$ by /eep+ hot brick 9 oil1 & submitt+ x to di/illation4 ,footnote #egg3 ,,ro*e',s ,,embrocation ,,= ,,! ,,hoop+ ,,c\gh4 ,olive oil mix$ ) ab\t half its quantity ( ! oils ( cloves & amb]4 ,,/ruve',s ,,lotion ,,= ,,! ,,hoop+ ,,c\gh4 ,?is once fam\s no/rum consi/$ ( j ( ,t>t>iz$ ,antimony1 dissolv$ 9 fij ( wat]1 to :i* 0 add$ fj ( ,t9cture ( ,can?>ides4 ,footnote #egh3 ,! editors h also unacc\ntably reta9$ ! ,oleum de ,lumbricis6 ,footnote #egi3 ,if ! plates ( ! press be heat$1 ! fix$ oil f ! bitt] almond w be odor\s4 ,footnote #ehj3 ,,ess5ce ,,or ,,bitt] ,,almonds4 ,! prep>ation sold "u ?is "n1 = ! purposes ( p]fum]y1 c4 consi/s ( "o "p ( ?is ess5tial oil1 & sev5 p>ts ( ,rectifi$ _s4 ,footnote #eha3 ,= su* reasons !re are b few :olesale h\ses :o pr(ess to di/il x4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 ?r\gh ! civility & att5tion ( ,mr4 ,johnson1 *emi/ 9 ,ox=d-/reet1 :o frequ5tly conducts ! process on a l>ge scale1 _h sev]al opportunities ( witness+ ! int]e/+ ph5om5a to :i* x gives rise4 ,s p[]ful is ! od\r develop$ ^u ^! occasions t x fills ! premises ) an almo/ insupportable atmosph]e1 occasion+ head-a*e1 sickness & c\gh2 s t we may safely obs]ve1 t1 :atev] miracles ! prussic acid may p]=m1 :5 appli$ to ! coats ( ! /oma*1 its application 9 ! =m ( vap\r to ! lungs proves highly irritat+ to ^? organs4 ,! conc5trat$ vap\r ( ?is ess5tial oil is almo/ in/antly de/ructive to animal life4 ,i h se5 flies drop lifeless to ! floor z !y h pass$ ov] ! /ill2 ?us1 z x 71 realiz+ 9 m9iature ! fabl$ p[]s ( ,av]nus4 8,quam sup] haud ull pot]ant impune volantes ,t5d]e it] p5nis3 talis sese halitus atris ,faucibus effund5s sup]a ad convexa f]ebat40 n4 ,,vi4 v4 #bci4 ,footnote #ehb3 ,"s au?ors h consid]$ ! olibanum z ! quasia ,oleum ,libani1 7,?us7 ( ! anci5ts1 b ,dr4 ,maton has obs]v$ t he _c f9d any passage 9 ! anci5t au?ors suffici5tly precise to corroborate ?is conjecture4 ,see ,abietis ,res9a4 ,footnote #ehc3 ,! ,greeks & ,romans atta*$ a v diff]5t mean+ to ! t]ms ,,opium & ,,meconium4 ,! =m] signifi$ ! pure juice 7 succus7 t fl[$ f ! sc>ifi$ poppies2 ! latt]1 ! juice obta9$ by bruis+ & press+ ! poppy heads4 ,footnote #ehd3 ,annales de ,*imie1 vol4 #de4 ,d]osne fir/ obta9$ a cry/all9e sub/ance f ,opium 9 ! ye> #ahjc1 :i* dissolv$ 9 acids2 b he did n det]m9e its nature or prop]ties4 ,footnote #ehe3 ,9 #ahjd ,segu9 7,ann4 de ,*im4 vol4 #ib7 discov]$ ano!r cry/all9e body 9 opium1 & al?\gh he describ$ mo/ ( its prop]ties he nev] h9t$ at its alkal9e nature4 ,footnote #ehf3 ,s]tu]n] at ,eimbeck1 9 ,hanov]1 _h at ! same "t z ,d]osne & ,segu91 obta9$ ^! cry/all9e bodies1 7,ann4 de ,*im4 et de ,phy4 ,t4 v47 b x 0 n until ! ye> #ahag1 t he fir/ unequivocally proclaim$ ! exi/5ce ( a vegetable alkali1 & assign$ to x ! n>cotic p[]s :i* di/+ui% ! op]ation ( opium2 to ?is body he gave ! "n ( ,morphia1 & x appe>s to be ! same z ! ess5tial salt notic$ by ,segu94 ,! salt ( ,d]osne1 n[ m usually d5om9at$ ,n>cot9e1 is q a diff]5t pr9ciple1 al?\gh x 0 con/antly mi/ak5 = "o ( ! salts ( ,morphia1 till ,m4 ,robiquet 7,ann4 de ,*im4 de ,phy4 ,t4 v47 po9t$ out its di/9ctive prop]ties4 ,x is an azotiz$ sub/ance1 cry/alliz+ 9 beautiful pe>ly prisms or tables2 soluble 9 fix$ oil1 & /ill m s 9 !r & ! acids2 insoluble 9 wat]1 & little soluble 9 alcohol2 de/itute ( action on ! vegetable col\rs1 & incapable ( neutraliz+ acids4 ,!re /ill exi/s1 h[ev]1 v consid]able confusion ) respect to ?is salt1 & f>!r exp]im5ts are requir$ to asc]ta9 its *emical nature1 z well z its physiological action4 ,footnote #ehg3 ,! discov]y ( an alkal9e body 9 opium induc$ ! ,fr5* & ,g]man *emi/s to exam9e ! composition ( o!r active vegetables1 ) a view to detect ! exi/5ce ( an analog\s pr9ciple2 & _! lab\rs h be5 rew>d$ ) unexampl$ success4 ,!y h accord+ly obta9$ ,,/ry*nia f ! nut ( ! ,/ry*nos nux vomica2--,,brucia f ! b>k ( ! ,brucea ,anti-dys5t]ica 7,false ,angu/ura ,b>k7 ,,v]atria f ! ,v]atrum album1 ,v4 ,sabadilla & ,col*icum ,autumnale2--,,c9*onia f ! b>k ( ! ,c9*ona ,oblongifolia 7,r$ ,b>k72--,,qu9a 7or ,k9a7 f t ( ! ,c9*ona ,cordifolia 7,yell[ ,b>k72--,,emeta f ! ,callicocca ,ipecacuanha2--,,delphia1 f ! ,delph9ium ,/aphisagria2--,,picrotoxa f ! ,m5isp]mum ,cocculus2--,,solana f ! ,solanum ,nigrum1 & ,s4 ,dulcam>a2 ,,g5tia1 f ,g5tiana lutea2--,,atropia f ! ,atropa ,belladonna2--,,hyoscyama1 f ,hyoscyamus ,nig]4 ,besides :i*1 ,capsicum1 ,pip] nigrum1 & ,,s5na1 h be5 said to yield analog\s pr9ciples ( a salifiable "*4 ,) respect to mo/ ( ^! alkal9e bodies f>!r exp]im5ts are requir$ to e/abli% our confid5ce2 x is m ?an probable t sev]al ( !m w turn out to be disguis$ modifications ( ea* o!r2 x has already be5 que/ion$ :e!r ,,qu9a & ,,c9*onia be n v>ieties ( "o alkali2 inde$ x is possible t all ^! bodies may h ! same alkal9e base1 & t !y diff] f ea* o!r 9 consequ5ce ( _! comb9ation ) o!r pr9ciples1 d]iv$ f ! vegetable 9 "q1 & impress+ ^u ! salt its *>act]i/ic virtues2 & ?is idea receives mat]ial support f ! fact1 t !y are neutraliz$ by a v small proportion ( acid4 7,see a pap] on ?is subject 9 ! #gj? numb] ( ! ,ed9burgh ,m$4 & ,surg4 ,j\rn47 ,!y h all _m prop]ties 9 common1 su* z a degree ( bitt]ness v>y+ 9 int5sity 9 diff]5t species2 !y are inodor\s2 are n alt]$ by air or light1 b are decompos$ by a mod]ate heat2 mo/ ( !m ent] into fusion1 b at diff]5t temp]atures1 "s = in/ance at bel[ #bab ,fahr4 o!rs n until !y are ab\t to be decompos$2 ,,hyoscyama w ev5 resi/ a l[ r$ heat4 ,!y are v sp>+ly soluble 9 wat]1 b !y are 9 g5]al r5d]$ m s by ! pres5ce ( res9\s matt]4 ,!y are ne>ly all highly soluble 9 alcohol4 !r readily dissolves ,,delphia1 ,,v]atria1 ,,emeta1 ,,qu9a1 & ,,g5tia2 b ,,morphia1 ,,c9*onia1 & ,,picrotoxa1 are v sp>+ly soluble3 & ,,/ry*nia & ,,brucia are ne>ly insoluble 9 x2 !y comb9e ) ! acids2 &1 9 g5]al1 =m neutral salts2 b x appe>s t ,,v]atria & ,,emeta always unite ) an excess ( acid4 ,all ! comb9ations ) ! m9]al acids1 except+ ! salts ( ,,picrotoxa1 are exce$+ly soluble 9 wat]2 &1 ) ! exception ( ,,nitrate ,,( ,,c9*onia1 & all ! salts ( ,,v]atria1 !y are cry/allizable4 ,! acetates too1 ) a few exceptions1 are also soluble1 & !y are dispos$ to =m sup]-salts4 ,all ! oxalates1 except t ( ,,picratoxa1 :i* is ! mo/ soluble ( its salts1 & all t>trates1 are r insoluble1 & h likewise a t5d5cy to unite ) an excess ( acid4 ,! action ( conc5trat$ nitric acid on ^! alkal9e bodies is v peculi>1 conv]t+ ! great] numb] ( !m into artificial tann92 b x appe>s to p]oxidate ,,morphia1 ,,/ry*nia1 & ,,brucia1 r5d]+ !m less p[]ful z salifiable bases1 & dim9i%+ or de/roy+ _! action on ! animal body4 ,see ,ed9burgh ,m$4 ,surg4 ,j\rn4 supra citat4 ,by analysis1 ) ! deutoxide ( copp]1 ^! alkalies yield c>bon1 hydrog51 & oxyg52 b no azote1 unless !y h be5 obta9$ by precipitation ) ammonia1 z 9 ! process ( ,s]tu]n]4 ,x w\ld appe> t ^! bodies exi/ 9 _! native plants1 9 comb9ation ) peculi> acids2 "s ( !m are f\nd 9 ! /ate ( ,malates4 ,) respect to _! physiological action x may be /at$1 t !y w\ld appe> to conc5trate 9 !mselves ! *>act]i/ic prop]ties ( ! vegetables to :i* !y belong1 & yet1 al?\gh _! effects are mu* great] ?an ^? ( ! undecompos$ vegetables1 ! same quantity ( alkali is n s p[]ful 9 its pure =m1 z 9 its natural /ate ( comb9ation4 ,?us "o gra9 ( morphia produces no m effect ?an two gra9s ( ,turkey opium1 :i* d n conta9 m ?an a sixte5? "p ( ! alkali4 ,to expla9 ?is loss ( efficacy :i* usually att5ds our attempts at conc5tration1 ! read] is ref]r$ to ! obs]vations :i* h be5 already (f]$ ^u ?is subject 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is "w1 page #aec4 ,footnote #ehh3 ,! manufacture1 h[ev]1 ( ,indian ,opium has be5 ( late ye>s greatly improv$ by ,dr4 ,flem+1 "u ^: sup]9t5dance t important dep>tm5t 0 plac$ by ! ,m>quis ,wellesley4 ,footnote #ehi3 ,=ty ?\s& p\nds weight ( ,opium are annually import$ into ! ,port ( ,london4 ,footnote #eij3 ,x has be5 /at$ 9 ! ,hi/orical ,introduction to ?is "w1 7page #h7 t ! nep5!1 :i* ,hel5 mix$ ) w9e1 & gave to ! gue/s ( ,m5elaus1 0 probably opium2 su* 0 ! op9ion ( ,spr5gel1 express$ 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,botany4 ,o!r au?ors h ent]ta9$ a diff]5t belief4 ,delile1 9 8 8,flora ,egyptiaca10 consid]s x to h be5 a prep>ation ( hyoscyamus albus4 ,dr4 ,*ri/51 9 8 late elaborate ,diss]tation on ,opium1 agrees ) ,=bes1 :o /ates1 9 8 ,ori5tal ,memoirs1 t 9 ,h9do/an ,b5ds*1 i4 e4 nep5! is prep>$ f ! cannabis sativa ( ,l9nu4 ,l9d] in=ms u t bangue is prep>$ f ! dri$ leaves ( ! wild cannabis1 ! smoke ( :i* is said to be m n>cotic ?an ev5 t ( opium4 ,!re seems1 h[ev]1 to be good reason = suppos+ t ,indian bangue is a comp\nd ( sev]al +r$i5ts4 ,ray says t he le>n$ f ,sir ,hans ,sloane1 t ! pr9cipal +r$i5t 0 n hemp1 b a plant some:at l x4 ,footnote #eia3 ,! op]ation ( ,opium is n unfrequ5tly att5d$ ) an it*+1 or s5se ( prick+ ( ! sk91 :i* is sometimes t]m9at$ by a species ( mili>y eruption4 ,footnote #eib3 ,opium is ! ,quack's %eet an*or4 ,! v>i\s no/rums adv]tis$ z 8,c\gh ,drops1 = ! cure ( colds1 a/hmas1 cat>rhs1 c40 are prep>ations ( ,opium v simil> to p>egoric elixir4 ,,pectoral ,,balsam ,,( ,,liquorice1 & ,,ess5ce ,,( ,,coltsfoot1 are comb9ations ( ?is k9d4 ,,gr9dle',s ,,c\gh ,,drops1 are a prep>ation ( ! same description1 only made ) ,rectifi$1 in/ead ( ,pro( ,_s1 & consequ5tly m highly *>g$ ) /imulant mat]ials4 8,! mis*ief10 says ,dr4 ,fo!rgill1 8t has proce$$ f ! heal+ anodynes ( quacks c be sc>cely imag9$2 = 9 c\ghs1 aris+ f suppress$ p]spiration or an inflammatory dia!sis1 ,opiates g5]ally d h>m40 ,,squire',s ,,elixir4 ,opium1 camphor1 s]p5t>ia1 sub-c>bonate ( potass1 anise & f5nel se$s1 made into a t9cture1 & col\r$ ) co*9eal4 ,,=d',s ,,balsam ,,( ,,horeh\nd4 ,?is no/rum may v prop]ly be class$ "u ! pres5t head4 ,x consi/s ( an aque\s infusion ( horeh\nd & liquorice root1 ) d\ble ! proportion ( pro( _s or br&y2 to :i* is !n add$1 opium1 camphor1 b5zo91 squills1 oil ( anise$1 & honey4 ,footnote #eic3 ,,liquor ,,morphii ,,citratis4 4,opii ,crudi ,optimi iv2 ,acidi ,citrici 7,cry/37 ij2 semel 9 mort>io lapideo contunde1 de9 aqu di/illat bulli5tis oj affunde2 et intime misceantur2 mac]a p] horas vig9ti quatuor2 p] *>tam bibulosam cola4 ,footnote #eid3 ,,! ,,black ,,drop1 or ,! ,lanca/]1 or ,quak]'s ,black ,drop4 ,?is prep>ation1 :i* has be5 long kn[n & e/eem$1 z be+ m p[]ful 9 its op]ation & less di/ress+ 9 its effects ?an any t9cture ( opium1 has until lately be5 involv$ 9 mu* obscurity2 ! pap]s h[ev] ( ! late ,edw>d ,walton1 ( ,sund]l&1 "o ( ! ne> relations ( ! orig9al proprietor1 hav+ fall5 into ! h&s ( ,dr4 ,arm/rong1 t g5tleman has oblig$ ! pr(ession by publi%+ ! mann] 9 :i* x is prep>$1 & is z foll[s3--8,take half a p\nd ( opium slic$2 ?ree p9ts ( good v]juice 7juice ( ! wild crab17 & "o & a half ounce ( nutmegs1 & half an ounce ( saffron4 ,boil !m to a prop] ?ickness1 !n add a qu>t] ( a p\nd ( sug>1 & two spoonsful ( yea/4 ,set ! :ole 9 a w>m place ne> ! fire1 = six or eight weeks1 !n place x 9 ! op5 air until x becomes a syrup2 la/ly1 decant1 filt]1 & bottle x up1 add+ a little sug> to ea* bottle40 ,"o drop ( ?is prep>ation is consid]$ equal to ab\t ?ree ( ! ,t9cture ( ,opium4 ,p4 ,l4 ,x w\ld appe> t an ,acetate ( ,morphia is =m$1 :i* is m active1 & less di/ress+ 9 its effects1 ?an any o!r n>cotic comb9ation4 ,! ,fr5* ,codex conta9s directions = prep>+ a comp\nd v simil> to ! ,black ,drop2 viz4 ,,v9um ,,opiatum ,,f]m5tatione ,,p>atum1 or ,gutt seu ,laudanum ,abbatis ,r\sseau4 ,take ( :ite honey twelve ounces2 w>m wat]1 ?ree p\nds2 dissolve ! honey 9 ! wat]1 p\r x into a matrass1 & set x aside 9 a w>m place3 z soon z f]m5tation has comm5c$1 add f\r ounces ( good opium1 hav+ previ\sly dissolv$1 or r diffus$ x 9 twelve ounces ( wat]2 all[ !m to f]m5t toge!r = a mon?1 !n evaporate until t5 ounces only rema91 filt]1 & add f\r ounces & a half ( alcohol4 ,,liquor ,,opii ,,s$ativus4 ,"u ?is "n1 ,mr4 ,battley1 a manufactur+ druggi/1 ( ,=e-/reet1 ,london1 has (f]$ = sale a n>cotic prep>ation1 :i* x is g5]ally suppos$ owes its efficacy to ! acetate ( morphia2 on be+ kept1 h[ev]1 ,i f\nd t x und]w5t "s important *ange1 dur+ :i* s mu* air 0 dis5gag$ z to bl[ out ! cork f ! bottle ) viol5ce4 ,?is is an objection to its admission into practice1 unless we c ensure rec5tly prep>$ portions z (t5 z !y may be requir$4 ,9 publi%+ ! above /atem5t1 ,i h un=tunately be5 ! cause ( mu* unnecess>y ,,ink-,,%$4 ,a lett]1 by ,mr4 ,battley1 has be5 indu/ri\sly circulat$ ?r\gh ! diff]5t ranks ( ! pr(ession1 purport+ to be an apology = 8 prep>ation1 b aft] a c>eful p]usal ( x1 in/ead ( be+ able to discov] any argum5t 9 its fav\r1 we receive a full ackn[l$gm5t ( ! validity ( ! objection above /at$4 8,i expla9$ to ,dr4 ,p>is1 t ! liability ( ! solution to und]go *ange1 ,,0 ,a ,,defect 9 ! prep>ation1 b t ! addition ( a little _s w\ld prev5t decomposition10 & yet 9 ! next s5t5ce he tells u t 9 ^? cases 9 :i* x is mo/ b5eficial1 8! addition ( _s w\ld be highly improp]40 ,see ,m$ical ,repository1 vol4 xiii1 p4 #bgc4 ,b ! circum/ance :i* has excit$ ! greate/ indignation 9 ! m9d ( ,mr4 ,battley1 is my hav+ appli$ ! t]m ,,no/rum to 8 prep>ation4 ,e m$ic9e t is prep>$ by a secret process1 & sold = ! private advantage ( an individual1 is prop]ly designat$ a ,,no/rum4 ,& ,i am at a loss to discov] any feature 9 ! pres5t case t c entitle x to be consid]$ z an exception to ?is g5]al rule2 b p]haps ,mr4 ,battley is incl9$ to be hyp]critical1 & z ! prep>ation is n indebt$ to him1 b to ,w$elius or ,le ,mort1 = its orig91 is prep>$ to exclaim ) ! ,roman ,poet3 8,qu non fecimus ipsi vix ea ,,no/ra ,,voco40 ,mr4 ,battley also compla9s bitt]ly ( my hav+ ins]t$ 8 prep>ation "u s odi\s a motto z 8,arcana ,revelata ft5t10 = my own "p ,i _c conceive any ?+ m appropriate to ! case1 viz4 ,arcana1 ^! secret prep>ations1 revelata1 expos$ to ! air1 ft5t1 gr[ ftid4 ,b1 not)/&+ ! objections :i* ,i h ?us felt x my duty to (f]1 ,i am dispos$ to speak fav\rably ( its mild & uni=m effects1 & 9 ju/ice to ,mr4 ,battley1 ,i w fur!r /ate ! same op9ion has be5 =m$ by a great numb] ( respectable practition]s4 ,! late ,mr4 ,had51 :o dur+ 8 protract$ illness took a l>ge quantity ( ?is prep>ation1 /ates1 9 8 ,translation ( ! ,=mul>y ( ,dr4 ,maj5die1 t x is devoid ( excit+1 & almo/ ( con/ipat+1 prop]ties4 ,he made a v good sub/itute1 8by mac]at+ ! dregs1 rema9+ aft] mak+ t9cture ( opium1 9 a solution ( ,t>t>ic acid40 ,! prep>ation =m$ a tol]ably deep t9cture1 & #dj drops act$1 he ?\ght1 9 all respects1 l #bj ( ! liquor opii s$ativus4 ,x nei!r /imulat$1 nor produc$ co/iv5ess4 ,footnote #eie3 ,,godbold',s ,,vegetable ,,balsam4 ,9 ! specification ( ! ,pat5t = ?is no/rum =ty-two diff]5t vegetables are direct$ to be di/ill$ 8= ! purpose ( extract+ _! ess5ces1 :i* are to be pres]v$ sep>ately & ap>t f ea* o!r1 9 syrups1 & are to be mix$ ) ! foll[+ gums & drugs1 viz4 ,gum ,dragon1 ,gum ,guaiacum1 ,gum ,arabic1 & ,gum ,canada1 ^! be+ dissolv$ 9 d\ble di/ill$ v9eg>1 ) a quantity ( ,/orax dissolv$ 9 ,spirits ( ,w9e & ,oil ( ,c9namon4 ,x is to be bottl$ (f1 & kept ?ree ye>s be=e x is fit to be adm9i/]$ = ! ,,cure ( ,consumption1 or any ,a/hmatic ,compla9t40 ,x is h>dly necess>y to obs]ve1 t no su* directions ev] are1 or inde$ ev] c\ld be foll[$2 9 %ort ! 8,,balsam0 is little else ?an simple oxymel4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 n a little curi\s t among/ ! =ty-two plants enum]at$1 !re %\ld be sev]al t w\ld on di/illation yield ,prussic acid1 su* z ! ,bays4 ,we wond] t ?is accid5tal circum/ance has n be5 notic$1 & turn$ to acc\nt1 by "s ( ^? wor?y disciples ( ,esculapius :o live by ! cr$ulity ( mank9d1 &1 z ,fal/aff expresses x1 8,turn diseases to a commodity40 ,footnote #eif3 8,x is 9 ?is mann]1 ,i appreh5d1 t /imulat+ syrups w frequ5tly remove ho>s5ess40 ,footnote #eig3 ,al?\gh x has be5 long kn[n t ! se$s ( ! poppy1 & ! oil obta9$ f !m by expression1 d n possess any ( ! n>cotic prop]ties ( ! plant1 & t !y 7 ev5 bak$ into cakes & us$ z an article ( food by ! anci5ts1 yet has !re be5 9 lat] times v consid]able cont5tion respect+ ! propriety & safety ( us+ su* oil4 ,! cultivation ( ! ,poppy = ! sake ( ! oil ( its se$s1 z an article ( food1 has be5 long c>ri$ on 9 ,france1 ,brabant1 & ,g]many2 & m rec5tly 9 ,holl&4 ,at ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! #ag? c5tury1 ! opposition to ?is use ( ! ,poppy manife/$ itself 9 ,france1 & became s viol5t1 t ! ,lieut5ant ,g5]al ( ! ,police ( ,p>is ord]$ ! m$ical faculty ( t city to make ! /ricte/ exam9ation conc]n+ ?is po9t1 & !y accord+ly report$ t1 z !re is no?+ n>cotic or prejudicial to heal? 9 ! oil1 ! use ( x might be p]mitt$4 ,b ?is decision 0 unsatisfactory2 & popul> clam\r det]m9$ ! ,c\rt to pass a decree 9 #agah1 prohibit+ ! sale ( ,poppy ,oil1 :e!r mix$ or unmix$6 ,! sale ( ! article1 h[ev]1 not)/&+ ?is mo/ s+ul> decree1 0 cl&e/9ely enc\rag$1 & x gradually increas$ until ! ye> #agce1 :5 ! ,c\rt issu$ a sev]e decree1 enjo9+ ! sup]9t5d5t to mix a c]ta9 quantity ( ! extract ( ,turp5t9e1 ) e cask conta9+ #aajj lbs4 ( ?is oil1 ( :i* no less ?an #bjjj casks 7 consum$ 9 ,p>is alone4 ,b ! secret dem& = x increas$ until #aggc1 :5 a ,society ( ,agriculture und]took to exam9e ! "q1 & ! result ( _! lab\rs _h ! effect ( rev]s+ ! prohibition1 & ( conv9c+ ! multitude t _! fe>s 7 entirely unf\nd$1 & t !re 0 really no n>cotic p[]1 nor any secret mis*ief 9 ! article4 ,footnote #eih3 ,z ^! pills are liable to become h>d & insoluble by be+ kept1 x is bett] to keep ! +r$i5ts 9 p[d]1 & to =m !m extemporane\sly ) a little syrup4 ,footnote #eii3 ,! ,pix ,arida ( ! late ,ph>macopia4 ,footnote #fjj3 ,t> wat] 0 also at "o p]iod celebrat$ z an antisiphylitic rem$y4 ,m4 ,a*>ius1 9 8 "w 8,on ! ,use & advantages ( ,t> ,wat] 9 ,v5]eal ,compla9ts10 enum]ates ! cases ( a numb] ( pati5ts cur$ by ?is rem$y alone 9 ! ,hospital ( ,/ockholm1 )\t any ,m]cury4 ,footnote #fja3 ,dr4 ,mudge 9 ! ye> #aghb _h recomm5d$ ! fumigation ( balsams1 9 a pamphlet on ! subject ( 8 ,inhal]2 little or no notice h[ev] 0 tak5 ( ?is recomm5dation1 a circum/ance :i* _c excite our surprise :5 we consid] ! extravagant t]ms 9 :i* ! pret5sions ( ! rem$y 7 support$4 8,i believe10 says he1 8t mu* ( ! b5efit :i* consumptive p]sons exp]i5ce f sea voyages1 is d]iv$ f ! t> vap\r con/antly pres5t on bo>d a %ip60 ,a ,radical & ,exp$iti\s ,cure = a rec5t ,cat>rh\s ,c\gh4 ,by ,j4 ,mudge1 ,plym\?1 #aghc4 ,footnote #fjb3 ,li?>ge4 ,! ^w is d]iv$ f 1 ,lapis1 a /one1 & 1 ,arg5tum1 ,silv]2 f ! fact ( ! lead be+ ?r[n (f 9 ?is /ate dur+ its application = ! ref9em5t ( ,silv]4 ,footnote #fjc3 ,t ! oak cask imp>ts a/r+5t matt] to ! conta9$ _s1 is %ewn by ! facts enum]at$ "u ! hi/ory ( ,br&y1 see ,spiritus ,t5uior4 ,footnote #fjd3 ,sir ,george ,bak] consid]$ ! dry-belly-a*e1 :i* is common to dr9k]s ( new ,rum1 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 entirely ref]able to its contam9ation ) ,lead4 ,footnote #fje3 ,see next ,note4 ,footnote #fjf3 ,i uni=mly adopt ?is plan2 ! acetic acid is ! be/ gu>d t c be select$ to protect ! salt f decomposition2 ev5 ! ,t>trate ( ,lead1 :i* is s insoluble 9 wat]1 =ms ) v9eg> a soluble triple salt4 ,footnote #fjg3 ,,royal ,,prev5tive4--,?is pret5d$ prophylactic aga9/ v5]eal virus is a solution ( ,acetate ( ,lead4 ,footnote #fjh3 ,p]oxide ( ,potassium is produc$ by heat+ ! metal 9 a consid]able excess ( oxyg54 ,x is an orange-col\r$ body1 :i*1 ^u be+ put into wat] eff]vesces1 & gives (f oxyg51 & is ?us r$uc$ to ! /ate ( protoxide4 ,footnote #fji3 ,potass =ms ! basis ( _m ( ^? prep>ations1 sold z ,depilatories2 9 "s in/ances comb9$ ) ,lime4 ,,colley',s ,depilatory appe>s to consi/ ( ,quick-lime1 & a portion ( ,sulphuret ( ,potass4 ,footnote #faj3 ,sal ,prunelle4 ,nitre1 :5 col\r$ purple l a plum1 has be5 long e/eem$ 9 ,g]many z a p[]ful m$ic9e1 "u ?is "n4 ,m4 ,*evreul supposes ! ur9\s ta/e attribut$ to fix$ alkal9e bases n to belong to ^! sub/ances1 b to ! ammonia1 :i* is set at lib]ty by _! action on ! ammoniacal salts conta9$ 9 ! saliva2 ! pro(s ( :i*1 he says1 may be d]iv$ f ! facts t ! s5sation disappe>s ^u press+ ! no/rils2 & t ! same od\r is p]ceiv$ :5 we smell to a mixture ( rec5t saliva & fix$ alkali1 made 9 a small glass or porcela9 capsule4 7,see my "w on ,m$ical ,*emi/ry1 #h47 ,footnote #faa3 ,see my 8,elem5ts ( ,m$ical ,*emi/ry10 p4 #aeg4 ,footnote #fab3 ,ibid4 p4 #fje4 ,footnote #fac3 ,i may take ?is opportunity to /ate t ,sulphurett$ ,hydrog51 9 a /ate ( simple solution1 or 9 comb9ation ) o!r bodies1 possesses consid]able p[]s z a rem$y 9 _m cutane\s disord]s ( a *ronic "*4 ,! 8,gas-,wat]10 or t :i* rema9s aft] ! gas1 us$ = illum9ation1 has pass$ ?r\gh ! purifi]1 & :i* consi/s ( ,hydro-,sulphuret & ,hydro-bi-,sulphuret ( ,lime1 has be5 us$ ) great success 9 su* cases4 ,footnote #fad3 ,x may be t]m$ a ,boro-t>trate4 ,footnote #fae3 ,,ess5tial ,,salt ,,( ,,lemons4 ,! prep>ation sold "u ?is "n1 = ! purpose ( remov+ iron m\lds f l951 consi/s ( cream ( t>t>1 & sup]-oxalate ( potass1 or salt ( sorrel1 9 equal proportions4 ,footnote #faf3 ,see page #ahc4 ,footnote #fag3 ,8 specification1 lodg$ 9 ,*anc]y1 is z foll[s4 8,take ,antimony1 calc9e x ) a cont9u$ protract$ heat1 9 a flat unglaz$ vessel1 add+ to x f "t to "t1 a suffici5t quantity ( any animal oil & salt1 dephlegmat$2 !n boil x 9 melt$ nitre = a consid]able "t1 & sep>ate ! p[d] f ! nitre by dissolv+ x 9 wat]40 ,,james',s ,,analeptic ,,pills4 ,^! consi/ ( ,james's p[d]1 gum ammoniacum1 & ! pill ( aloes ) myrrh1 7,pil4 ,rufi7 equal p>ts1 ) a suffici5t quantity ( ! t9cture ( ca/or to make a mass4 ,footnote #fah3 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! antimonial p[d] hav+ prov$ in]t 9 ! h&s ( ,dr4 ,elliotson1 al?\gh exhibit$ to ! am\nt ( a hundr$ gra9s = a dose1 ,mr4 ,phillips 0 induc$ to exam9e m p>ticul>ly into ! nature ( ! oxide :i* ent]s into its composition4 8,aft] ! well e/abli%$ fact10 says he1 8t p]oxide ( antimony is ne>ly or totally in]t1 x appe>s to me1 t if pro( c\ld be obta9$1 t ! oxide ( antimony is 9 ?is /ate1 ! defici5cy ( p[] 9 ! ,pulvis ,antimonialis w\ld be acc\nt$ =40 ,he !n proce$s to detail 8 exp]im5ts1 f :i* he d$uces ! composition ( ?is prep>ation to be z foll[s3 ,p]oxide ( ,antimony #ce ,phosphate ( ,lime #fe ------ #ajj :i* exi/ toge!r 9 a simple /ate ( mixture4 ,until ! subject be elucidat$ by f>!r exp]im5ts1 x w be difficult = ! *emi/ to p]suade ! physician1 t he c nev] h d]iv$ any b5efit f ! exhibition ( ,antimonial ,p[d]1 al?\gh ,i am by no means incl9$ to conc$e to x t extraord9>y degree ( virtue1 :i* _m practition]s are s eag] to ma9ta94 ,footnote #fai3 ,?is plant is e/eem$ by ! ,am]ican ,indians z a univ]sal rem$y1 & is always c>ri$ ab\t ) !m4 ,! memb]s ( ! pr(ession h d\btless he>d ( an irregul> practition]1 :o has p]suad$ a c]ta9 numb] ( p]sons 9 ?is metropolis1 t he possesses rem$ies1 obta9$ f ! ,am]ican ,indians1 by :i* he is enabl$ to cure ,scr(ula 9 its wor/ =ms2 x is to ?is ,empiric t ,i allud$ 9 ! note at page #cc2 & x may be wor?y ( notice t ! plant ^u :i* he relies = success1 is ! ,pyrola ,umbellata4 ,footnote #fbj3 ,philosophical ,transactions1 #agii4 ,footnote #fba3 ,,w>n]',s ,,cordial4 ,rhub>b bruis$ j2 ,s5n ss2 ,saffron j2 ,p[d]$ ,liquorice iv2 ,rais9s p\nd$ j2 ,br&y oiij2 dige/ = a week & /ra94 ,,moseley',s ,,pills4 ,! /oma*ic ,pills :i* are sold "u ?is "n1 consi/ m]ely ( ,rhub>b & ,g+]4 ,footnote #fbb3 ,dr4 ,rehman ass]ts t x is ! root ( ! same species z t :i* produces ! ,turkey v>iety1 b t x is prep>$ ) less c>e4 ,footnote #fbc3 ,! se$s ( ?is plant1 f :i* ! oil is express$1 are v>iegat$ ) black & :ite /reaks1 resembl+ 9 %ape z well z col\r1 ! insect ,,ric9is or ,tick1 :5ce ! "n4 ,^! se$s1 f ! acrid juice 9 _! sk9s1 are v dra/ic & emetic2 !y 7 h[ev] us$ by ,,hippocrates4 ,,ma?iolus attempt$ to correct _! emetic quality by torrefaction1 b )\t success4 ,,gulielmus ,,piso propos$ a t9cture ( !m1 b ! prep>ation is n only unc]ta91 b unsafe 9 its op]ation4 ,see ,tiglii ,sem9a4 ,footnote #fbd3 ,= ! d]ivation ( ! "n ,ca/or oil1 see p4 #ci4 ,footnote #fbe3 ,! sug> cane is call$ 9 ,arabic ,lukseb4 ,! produce ( x1 ,assakur1 h5ce ,sug>4 ,"s au?ors h attempt$ to d]ive ! ^w f ,succus a juice2 ?is is obvi\sly an error4 ,footnote #fbf3 ,= ?is purpose x may be add$ to c]ta9 o9tm5ts to prev5t _! becom+ rancid4 ,= ! reasons1 h[ev]1 above /at$1 x mu/ n be boil$ ) ! +r$i5ts1 b add$ aft] !y are cold4 ,footnote #fbg3 ,9 ^? di/ricts :]e ,soap is g5]ally made f wood a%es1 or f ,russian or ,am]ican potass1 unless ,salt 7 add$ 9 l>ge quantities1 x w\ld n h any consi/5ce4 ,z ,kelp & common ,b>illa conta9 a suffici5t quantity ( x1 no fur!r addition is requir$4 ,footnote #fbh3 ,,transp>5t ,,soap is made by c>efully evaporat+ ! alcoholic solution4 ,! solution itself is sold "u ! "n ( ,,%av+ ,,liquid1 or 8,,ess5ce ,,royale ,,p\r ,,faire ,,la ,,b>be40 ,footnote #fbi3 ,:5 a solution ( soap & sub-acetate ( lead are add$ toge!r1 ! potass ( ! =m] comb9es ) ! acetic acid ( ! latt]1 & ! fat & oxyd ( lead are dis5gag$2 ! "o ris+ to ! surface1 :ile ! o!r is precipitat$2 & yet not)/&+ ?is complete decomposition1 "s surgeons are 9 ! habit ( us+ an application :i* consi/s ( a dra*m ( ! ,liquor ,plumbi ,sub-,acetatis1 & two ounces ( ! ,l9im5tum ,saponis6 ,we _c h any hesitation 9 decid+ ^u ! inefficacy ( su* a mixture4 ,footnote #fcj3 ,,godfrey',s ,,cordial4 ,! foll[+ receipt = ?is no/rum 0 obta9$ f a :olesale druggi/1 :o makes & sells _m hundr$ doz5 bottles 9 ! c\rse ( a ye>4 ,!re are h[ev] sev]al o!r =mul = its prep>ation1 b !y are n ess5tially diff]5t4 ,infuse ix ( ,sassafras1 & ( ! se$s ( ,c>raway1 ,cori&]1 & ,anise1 ( ea* j1 9 six p9ts ( wat]1 simm] ! mixture until x is r$uc$ to f\r p9ts2 !n add vj ( ,treacle1 & boil ! :ole = a few m9utes2 :5 x is cold1 add fiij ( ! t9cture ( ,opium4 ,! ext5sive & indiscrim9ate use ( ?is no/rum 9 ! nurs]y1 is a subject ( national opprobrium1 & is s consid]$ by =eign writ]s4 ,see ,fodr1 ,m$ic9e ,legale1 vol4 iv4 p4 #bb4 ,footnote #fca3 ,m4 ,virey says1 8,on obs]ve que des acides *tr5t1 p\r a9si p>l]1 t\t l'en]gie de la ,scammone40 ,footnote #fcb3 ,,c\nt ,,w>wick',s ,,p[d]4 ,! purgative long kn[n & e/eem$ "u ?is "n1 consi/$ ( ,scammony1 ,oxide ( ,antimony1 & ,cream ( ,t>t>4 ,x is mu* extoll$ by ,baglivi1 & by ,van-,swiet51 z an efficaci\s purgative 9 int]mitt5t fev]s4 ,footnote #fcc3 ,! ,engli% physicians d n d ju/ice to ?is valuable article4 ,9 ?is c\ntry x enjoys a high & des]v$ reputation4 ,z a rem$y 9 ,cr\p x has long be5 e/eem$ z "o ( our mo/ effici5t res\rces1 & m rec5tly x has be5 v w>mly recomm5d$ z a p[]ful emm5agogue4 ,9 ,cr\p1 x %\ld n be giv5 until aft] ! use ( v5esection & o!r evacuants4 ,x may !n be adm9i/]$ 9 ! =m ( decoction1 prep>$ f half an ounce ( ! bruis$ root boil$ 9 eight ounces ( wat] d[n to f\r4 ,( ?is a tea spoonful is to be tak5 e h\r or half h\r z circum/ances may require4 ,:5 us$ z an emm5agogue1 ! decoction is to be prep>$ by simm]+ 9 a close vessel j ( ! bruis$ root 9 a p9t ( boil+ wat]1 until x is r$uc$ ab\t "o ?ird--( ?is f\r ounces are to be tak5 daily1 & to be increas$ z f> z ! /oma* w be>1 at ! m5/rual p]iod4 ,ed4 ,footnote #fcd3 ,x ent]s into ! composition ( ,/\ghton's ,elixir1 = :i* see ,g5tian ,radix4 ,footnote #fce3 ,x is = ?is reason t ! cake left aft] expression is s mu* m pung5t ?an ! se$s1 = ! fix$ oil c be easily sep>at$ by pressure4 ,footnote #fcf3 ,,:itehead',s ,,ess5ce ,,( ,,mu/>d4--,?is consi/s ( oil ( turp5t9e1 camphor1 & a portion ( _s ( rosem>y2 to :i* is add$ a small quantity ( fl\r ( mu/>d4 ,,:itehead',s ,,ess5ce ,,( ,,mu/>d ,,pills4--,balsam ( ,tolu1 ) res96 ,,ready ,,made ,,mu/>d4--,?is is made up ) currant w9e1 & sug>2 =m]ly ,mu/1 or grape juice1 0 employ$ = ?is purpose1 :5ce ! "n ,mu/>d4 ,footnote #fcg3 ,?is t]m is also appli$ to ! ,sub-c>bonate ( ,ammonia4 ,! objection to its use dep5ds ^u ! solecism :i* x involves2 ! division ( an atom1 :i*1 accord+ to *emical pr9ciples1 is indivisible2 b ?is objection may be answ]$ by /at+1 t ! t]m is "o m]ely ( conv5i5ce1 & s]ves to express ! proportions ( ! acid & its base4 ,! *emical difficulty is at once solv$ by multiply+ ea* by two1 :i* w make ! proportions z #c to #b4 in/ead ( #a to #a4 ,footnote #fch3 ,,sodaic ,,p[d]s4--,conta9$ 9 two di/9ct pap]s1 "o ( :i* is blue1 ! o!r :ite2 t 9 ! =m] consi/s ( ss ( ! c>bonate ( soda1 t 9 ! latt] ( grs4 xxv ( t>t>ic acid4 ,^! p[d]s require half a p9t ( wat]4 ,x is v evid5t t a solution ( ^! p[d]s is by no means simil> to 8,soda ,wat]10 :i* x is int5d$ to emulate2 = 9 ?is latt] prep>ation1 ! soda is 9 comb9ation only ) c>bonic acid2 :]eas ! solution ( ! 8,sodaic ,p[d]s0 is t ( a neutral salt1 ) a portion ( fix$ air diffus$ ?r\gh x4 ,,pat5t ,,seidlitz ,,p[d]s4--,^! consi/ ( two diff]5t p[d]s2 ! "o1 conta9$ 9 a :ite pap]1 consi/s ( ij ( ,t>t>iz$ ,soda1 & ij ( ,c>bonate ( ,soda2 t 9 ! blue pap]1 ( grs4 xxxv ( t>t>ic acid4 ,! cont5ts ( ! :ite pap] are to be dissolv$ 9 half a p9t ( spr+ wat]1 to :i* ^? ( ! blue pap] are to be add$2 ! draught is to be tak5 9 a /ate ( eff]vesc5ce4 ,! acid be+ 9 excess r5d]s x m grateful1 & no less efficaci\s z a purgative4 ,?is prep>ation _c be said to be> any o!r resemblance to ! m9]al wat] ( ,seidlitz1 ?an 9 be+ purgative4 ,! wat] ( ?is spr+1 :i* 0 discov]$ by ,h(fman ab\t a c5tury ago1 conta9s ,sulphate ( ,magnesia z its active +r$i5t1 toge!r ) ,muriate ( ,magnesia1 & ,sulphate1 & ,c>bonate ( ,lime4 ,9 ! ,codex ,m$icam5t>ius ( ,p>is !re are two =mul = ! prep>ation ( a wat] :i* may resemble t ( ,seidlitz1 ! "o diff]+ f ! o!r m]ely 9 ! proportion ( its ,sulphate ( ,magnesia4 ,footnote #fci3 ,our ,engli% ,salt is g5]ally ?us contam9at$2 = :i* reason x is unfit = ! cur+ ( sev]al k9ds ( fi%2 ?is w n appe> /range1 says ,mr4 ,p>kes1 :5 x is consid]$ t m]ely its own weight ( wat] is all t is necess>y = ! complete solution ( muriate ( magnesia2 a circum/ance :i* r5d]s x impossible to pres]ve su* salt = any l5g? ( "t 9 a dry /ate4 ,?is muriate h[ev] might be sep>at$ f common salt1 on a l>ge scale1 = "o %ill+ p] cwt4 ,by expos+ ! salt to a g5tle heat 9 rev]b]atory furnaces1 ! muriatic acid ( ! magnesian muriate w fly (f1 & ! magnesia 7on a subsequ5t solution ( ! salt7 w be precipitat$4 ,x is well kn[n t muriate ( magnesia beg9s to "p ) its acid at a temp]ature a little high] ?an t ( boil+ wat]4 ,footnote #fdj3 ,! annual quantity ( salt rais$ f ! ,salt ,m9es & ,spr+s 9 ,europe1 is e/imat$ at f #be to #cj millions ( cwt4 ,footnote #fda3 ,! respect paid to ,salt among/ ,ea/]n nations is v rem>kable1 & may be trac$ to ! highe/ antiquity4 ,hom] gives to x ! epi!t ( 1 ,il4 ix4 p4 #bad4 ,footnote #fdb3 ,9 addition to ! num]\s in/ances cit$ by ^! au?ors1 ,i may "h introduce "o :i* has be5 j communicat$ to me by my fri5d ,mr4 ,john ,taylor1 ! ag5t ( ! ,london ,company = work+ ! ,real del ,monte ,silv] ,m9es 9 ,mexico4 ,he /ates t ! ore1 :i* consi/s ( ! ,sulphuret ( ,silv]1 is1 toge!r ) ,m]cury1 amass$ 9 heaps ) iron pyrites & common salt2 & t su* is ! gre$9ess ( ! ,mules employ$ 9 ! works = ! ,salt1 t !y are con/antly lick+ ! mat]ials2 ! consequ5ce is t a portion ( ! ,silv] ,amalgam is introduc$ into _! /oma*s2 ! animals1 h[ev]1 suff] no inconv5i5ce2 b1 aft] dea?1 on op5+ _! /oma*s1 x is n unusual to f9d consid]able masses ( ,silv]1 ! m]cury hav+ escap$1 or be5 dissolv$ by ! ga/ric juice4 ,footnote #fdc3 ,! celebrat$ ,indian ,tonic = ,dyspepsia & ,g\t1 call$ ,bit laban1 is prep>$ by fus+ toge!r muriate ( soda & "s o!r +r$i5ts4 ,see ,dr4 ,flem+'s ,catalogue ( ,indian ,m$ic9al plants & drugs1 p4 #ed1 #ee4 ,footnote #fdd3 ,i h myself witness$ ! bad effects ( a diet ( unsalt$ fi%2 & 9 my exam9ation be=e a ,committee ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons 9 #ahah1 appo9t$ 8= ! purpose ( inquir+ into ! laws respect+ ! ,salt ,duties10 ,i /at$ ! great injury :i* ! poor] classes 9 _m di/ricts su/a9$ 9 _! heal?1 f an inability to procure ?is ess5tial article4 ,"l ,som]ville 79 8 address to ! ,bo>d ( ,agriculture7 gave an int]e/+ acc\nt ( ! effects ( a puni%m5t :i* =m]ly exi/$ 9 ,holl&4 8,! anci5t laws ( ! c\ntry orda9$ m5 to be kept on bread alone1 ,,unmix$ ,,) ,,salt1 z ! ,,sev]e/ puni%m5t t c\ld be inflict$ ^u !m 9 _! moi/ climate2 ! effect 0 horrible3 ^! wret*$ crim9als are said to h be5 ,,dev\r$ ,,by ,,worms1 eng5d]$ 9 _! own /oma*s40 ,,salt 0 an object ( taxation at a v e>ly p]iod 9 ?is c\ntry2 ,ancus ,m>tius1 #fdj ye>s be=e our era #8,sal9>um ,vectigal in/ituit4' ,?is tribute 0 cont9u$ on ! ,britons :5 our ,isle 0 possess$ by ! ,romans1 :o work$ ! ,droitwi* ,m9es1 & :o made salt "p ( _! soldi]s ,sal>ium1 or sal>y4 ,h5ce ! cu/om at ! ,eton ,montem ( ask+ = salt4 ,! great advantages :i* mu/ ultimately accrue to ?is nation 9 its fi%]ies1 agriculture1 manufactures1 & comm]ce1 f a late remission ( ! odi\s & impolitic tax ^u salt1 are incalculable4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ,france appe>s to h be5 z impolitic ) reg>d to ?is tax z ! ,engli%4 ,buonap>te aboli%$ ! collection ( turnpike dues2 & impos$ a tax on salt1 payable at ! ,salt-pans1 9 its /ead4 ,x is n p]haps g5]ally kn[n1 t by ! aid ( ?is tax he 0 enabl$ to complete ! gr& entrance into ,italy1 ov] ! ,simplon2 s t x may be fairly obs]v$1 t if ,,hannibal 0 enabl$ to cross ! ,alps by ! aid ( ,,v9eg>--,,buonap>te1 by ! assi/ance ( ,,salt1 succe$$ 9 con/ruct+ a public road ov] ! same m\nta9s4 ,footnote #fde3 ,,*elt5ham ,,salts4--,a factiti\s comp\nd has be5 long v5d$1 z a popul> purgative1 "u ?is "n2 x is =m$ by triturat+ toge!r ! foll[+ salts4 ,sulphate ( ,soda1 grs4 #abj4 ,sulphate ( ,magnesia1 grs4 #ff4 ,muriate ( ,soda1 #aj4 ,sulphate ( ,iron1 gr4 4 ,z a purgative x is v efficaci\s1 & sup]ior probably to t :i* is actually obta9$ by ! evaporation ( ! ,*elt5ham wat] itself2 = not)/&+ ! high pret5sions ) :i* ?is latt] salt has be5 publicly ann\nc$1 x w be f\nd to be little else ?an common ,glaub]'s ,salt4 ,?is fact has be5 confirm$ by ! exp]im5ts ( ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,phillips1 7,annals ( ,philosophy1 ,no4 lxi17 :o obs]ves1 t ! 8,,real ,,*elt5ham ,,salts conta9 no *alybeate prop]ty1 b are m]ely sulphate ( soda1 mix$ ) a m9ute quantity ( soda1 & a v small portion ( common salt40 ,x c\ld n be imag9$ t ! salt %\ld conta9 oxide ( iron ev5 9 a /ate ( mixture1 mu* less 9 comb9ation1 = c>bonate ( iron is readily decompos$ by ebullition1 & ! oxide ( iron is precipitat$ be=e ! salt c be cry/alliz$4 ,a prep>ation1 "u ! "n ( ,?omson's ,*elt5ham ,salts1 is accord+ly manufactur$ 9 ,london1 by evaporat+ a solution consi/+ ( sulphate ( soda & sub-c>bonate ( soda4 8,,effloresc5ce ,,( ,,real ,,*elt5ham ,,salts40 ,! prec$+ salt depriv$ ( its wat] ( cry/allization4 8,,effloresc5ce ,,( ,,real ,,magnesian ,,*elt5ham ,,salts10 ,,made ,,f ,,! ,,wat]s ,,( ,,! ,,*alybeate ,,magnesian ,,spa4 ,?is is ass]t$ to be a sub-sulphate f nature1 :i* comb9es bo? a pure & a sub-sulphat$ magnesia 9 its composition2 8b10 says ,mr4 ,phillips1 8nei!r nature nor art has ev] produc$ su* a comb9ation2 9 tru?1 x consi/s ( ,epsom ,salt1 ) small portions ( magnesia1 & muriate ( magnesia or muriate ( soda40 ,,murio-,,sulphate ,,( ,,magnesia ,,& ,,iron4 ,! prep>ation ?us nam$ by ,mr4 ,?omson1 0 f\nd by ,mr4 ,phillips to consi/ ( ,epsom ,salt1 depriv$ ( "p ( its wat] ( cry/allization1 & discol\r$ by a little ru/ ( iron1 & conta9+ a small portion ( muriate ( magnesia4 ,?us x appe>s1 t n "o ( ^! prep>ations is simil> to ! wat] :i* is drank at ! ,spa2 9 ord] to rem$y ?is difficulty1 ,mr4 ,?omson prep>$ ! 8,,orig9al ,,comb9$ ,,*elt5ham ,,salts10 by evaporat+ ! wat]s to dryness3 b a v small %>e ( *emical p5etration is requir$ to satisfy u t no process ( ?is description c rem$y ! defect describ$1 = z ,mr4 ,phillips has obs]v$1 ! *alybeate prop]ties ( ! wat] mu/ be ess5tially alt]$ by su* an op]ation4 ,footnote #fdf3 ,,hung>y ,,wat]4 ,aqua ,reg9 ,hung>i4 ,?is article1 :5 g5u9e1 is a pure _s di/ill$ f ! ,rosem>y1 & is /rongly sc5t$ ) ! ri* p]fume ( t aromatic plant4 ,footnote #fdg3 ,i appreh5d t ! peculi> flav\r ( ,cogniac dep5ds ^u ! pres5ce ( an !real _s1 =m$ by ! action ( ,t>t>ic or p]haps ,acetic acid ^u ,alcohol2 x is on ?is acc\nt t ,nitric !r1 :5 add$ to ,malt spirits1 gives !m ! flav\r ( ,fr5* ,br&y4 ,! same flav\r is also successfully obta9$ by di/ill+ ,briti% spirits ov] w9e lees1 or by di/ill+ a _s obta9$ f ,rais9 ,w9e1 :i* has become acesc5t4 ,9 new br&y !re also appe>s to be an uncomb9$ acid1 giv+ to x a peculi> ta/e & quality1 :i* are lo/ by age4 ,?is expla9s ! reason :y ! addition ( five or six drops ( 8liquor ammoni10 to ea* bottle ( new br&y1 w imp>t to x ! qualities ( t ( ! olde/ date4 ,footnote #fdh3 ,,taylor',s ,,r$ ,,bottle1 commonly call$ ! ,:itwor? ,doctor4 ,briti% ,br&y col\r$ ) ,co*9eal1 & flav\r$ ) oil ( ,origanum4 ,footnote #fdi3 ,mr4 ,p>kes1 9 8 ,*emical ,essays1 has ! foll[+ rem>k3 8an +5i\s fri5d assures me t if new rum be expos$ = a night to a sev]e fro/1 & !n remov$ to a heat$ room1 & ?us alt]nately treat$ = a week or two1 x w 9 t %ort "t h acquir$ a flav\r equal to f9e old spirits40 ,! mis*iev\s effects ( new rum1 z drank 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 w\ld seem to dep5d ^u ! pres5ce ( ,lead2 see ,plumbi ,acetas4 ,footnote #fej3 ,mock ,arrack4 ,! au?or ( #8,apicius ,r$ivivus1' directs1 = ! purpose ( mak+ a mock ,arrack1 t two scruples ( ,b5zoic acid be add$ to e qu>t ( ,rum4 ,by a receipt ( ?is k9d ! celebrat$ ,pun* ( ,vauxhall is prep>$4 ,footnote #fea3 ,! fam\s ,helvetian ,/yptic1 describ$ 9 page #hc1 dep5d$ :olly on ?is accid5tal contam9ation = its col\r1 & x 0 no small mortification to our *emi/s1 :5 ?is no/rum 0 fir/ introduc$ among/ u1 t !y c\ld n prep>e x ) our own spirits1 b 7 oblig$ to be at ! exp5se ( true ,fr5* ,br&y4 ,our own ,spirits1 al?\gh equally col\r$1 w\ld nev] produce a violet t9cture2 at l5g?1 h[ev]1 ! my/]y 0 discov]$1 & ! gall nut imp>t$ to ! t9cture t *>act]i/ic col\r :i* 0 s long consid]$ ess5tial to its efficacy2 b ! discov]y ?rew discr$it ^u ! no/rum1 & x fell into disuse4 ,footnote #feb3 ,if any additional argum5t 7 necess>y1 we might repeat1 t ,ars5ic 9 its metallic /ate is n poison\s4 ,z x is almo/ impossible to r$uce metallic ars5ic to a /ate ( p[d]1 )\t its becom+ oxidiz$1 ,m4 ,r5ault _h rec\rse to its alloys = decid+ ! "q2 & he f\nd t ,mispickel 7an alloy ( iron & ars5ic17 :5 giv5 to ! ext5t ( two dra*ms1 _h no app>5t effect2 ?is result agrees ) ! conclusion ( ,bay5 9 8 "w on ,t91 & proves t ! ars5ic :i* may be conta9$ 9 t metal _c produce any m$ic9al effect1 z x exi/s 9 its metallic /ate4 ,re*]*es ,*imiques sur l',eta91 p> ,bay5 et ,*>l>d1 #agha4 ,footnote #fec3 ,,guy',s ,,p[d] ,,or ,,e?iopia4 ,?is once celebrat$ rem$y consi/$ ( pure rasp$ ,t91 ,m]cury1 & ,sublim$ ,sulphur1 triturat$ toge!r4 ,,bla9e',s ,,p[d] ,,= ,,! ,,di/emp] ,,9 ,,dogs4 ,! basis ( ?is no/rum is ! ,aurum ,musivum1 or ,sulphuret ( ,t91 & :i* has be5 said to be m efficaci\s 9 cases ( ,tnia ?an ! simple metal4 ,,ma?ieu',s ,,v]mifuge 0 indebt$ to ,t9 = its efficacy1 see ,filicis ,radix4 ,footnote #fed3 ,,sulphur ,,loz5ges4 ,sublim$ ,sulphur "o "p1 sug> eight p>ts1 ,tragacan? mucilage q4 s4 us$ 9 ,a/hma1 & 9 ,hmorrhoids4 ,footnote #fee3 ,sug>1 p]fectly free f ! extractive matt] ) :i* x exi/s 9 comb9ation 9 nature1 & :i* con/itutes t comp\nd to :i* ! "n ( ,sweet ,pr9ciple has be5 giv51 w n1 h[ev] dilut$1 und]go any k9d ( f]m5tation2 = x is ! pres5ce ( ?is peculi> extractive matt]1 ! natural leav5 ( fruits1 t enables x to und]go t process2 s9ce1 h[ev]1 all clay$ sug>s1 or modifications ( sug> :i* are %ort ( p]fect purity1 /ill conta9 a small proportion ( ?is extractive1 !y are capable ( f]m5t+1 :5 suffici5tly dilute2 ,dr4 ,maccull\gh1 9 8 essay on ! art ( mak+ w9e1 obs]ves1 t by ! addition ( a v small quantity ( ! ,sulphite ( ,potass1 ! f]m5tation ( syrups & pres]ves may be effectually prev5t$2 he /ates also1 t ! same object may g5]ally be atta9$ by ! use ( ,oxy-muriate ( ,potass1 a salt absolutely ta/eless1 & easily procur$4 ,footnote #fef3 ,! ,damask ,rose1 ,rosa ,c5tifolia1 ( :i* ?is ,syrup is compos$1 0 import$ into ?is c\ntry by ,l9acre1 on 8 return f ,italy4 ,footnote #feg3 ,,major ,,co*rane',s ,,c\gh ,,m$ic9e4 ,:ite poppy heads )\t se$s1 are made into a decoction1 :i* is /ra9$1 & boil$ aga9 ) v9eg> & br[n sug>1 until x assumes ! consi/5ce ( syrup1 :i* is !n acidifi$ by elixir ( vitriol4 ,footnote #feh3 ,x w\ld appe> t !re are two pr9ciples ( activity 9 ,tobacco1 an ess5tial oil1 & nicot91 ei!r ( :i* are1 individually1 capable ( produc+ dea?1 b by a v diff]5t physiological action1 ! =m] by its effects on ! bra91 ! latt] by its influ5ce on ! he>t6 ,see page #acb4 ,footnote #fei3 ,x seems v probable t ! 8juice ( curs$ heb5on10 by :i*1 accord+ to ,%akespe>e1 ! k+ ( ,d5m>k 0 poison$1 0 no o!r ?an ! ess5tial oil ( ,tobacco3-- ----8,sleep+ )9 m9e or*>d1 ,my cu/om always ( ! aft]noon1 ,^u my secure h\r ?y uncle /ole1 ,) juice ( curs$ heb5on 9 a vial1 ,& 9 ! por*es ( m9e e>s1 did p\r ,! lep]\s di/ilm5t40 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! le>n$ comm5tator ,dr4 ,grey1 obs]ves t ! ^w "h us$ 7heb5on71 0 m probably designat$ by a meta!sis1 ei!r ( ! poet or transcrib]1 = h5ebon1 i4 e4 h5bane4 ,n[ x appe>s f ,g]>de1 t 8tabaco0 0 commonly call$ h5bane ( ,p]u1 7hyoscyamus ,p]uvianus17 & :5 we consid] h[ high ! public prejudice ran aga9/ ?is h]b 9 ! reign ( ,james1 x seems v likely t ,%akespe>e %\ld h select$ x1 z an ag5t ( extraord9>y malignity4 ,no prep>ation ( ! hyoscyamus1 ) :i* we are acqua9t$1 w\ld produce dea? by application to ! e>1 :]eas ! ess5tial oil ( ,tobacco w\ld1 )\t d\bt1 occasion a fatal issue4 ,! t]m di/ilm5t has also call$ =? a rem>k f ,/eev5s1 :i* is calculat$ to support ?is conjecture2 surely1 says he1 ?is expression signifies1 t ! prep>ation 0 ! result ( a di/illation4 ,footnote #ffj3 ,see 8,an ,essay on ! means ( less5+ ,pa91 & facilitat+ c]ta9 ,cases ( difficult p>turition1 by ,w4 ,p4 ,dewes1 ,m4,d4 #ahjf4 also ,m$4 ,j\rn4 vol4 xviii40 ,footnote #ffa3 ,,cephalic ,,snuff4 ,! basis ( ?is errh9e is p[d]$ ,as>um1 dilut$ ) "s vegetable p[d]4 ,footnote #ffb3 ,tam>9d1 f ,timm] a ,date1 & ,h5d ,india1 ,timm]h5d1 i4 e4 ,date ( ,india4 ,footnote #ffc3 ,v>i\s sub/ances h be5 propos$ at diff]5t times z sub/itutes = ,c(fee4 ,9 ! 8,f\r? ,c5tury ( ,obs]vations0 9 ! 8,miscellanea ,curiosa10 we f9d a critical diss]tation on ! 7,cahve7 ,c(fee ( ! ,arabians2 & on ,european ,c(fee1 or su* z may be prep>$ f gra9 or pulse4 ,dill5ius gives ! result ( 8 own prep>ations made ) ,pease1 ,beans1 & ,kidney ,beans1 b says t t made f ,rye comes ! ne>e/ to true ,c(fee1 & 0 ) difficulty di/+ui%$ f x4 ,?is fact is curi\s1 9 z mu* z a spuri\s ,c(fee has be5 lately v5d$1 :i* is no?+ m ?an roa/$ ,rye4 ,! article is well kn[n by ! "n ( 8,,hunt',s ,,conomical ,,breakfa/ ,,p[d]40 ,footnote #ffd3 ,see 8,"s acc\nt ( ! ,m$ic9al & o!r ,uses ( v>i\s ,sub/ances prep>$ f ,trees ( ! g5us ,p9us1 by ,w4 ,g4 ,,maton1 ,m4,d4 c4 be+ a ,supplem5t to ,mr4 ,lamb]t's spl5did "w on t g5us40 ,footnote #ffe3 ,! ( ,!ophra/us 7lib4 #c4 c4 #c47 & ,dioscorides2 7lib4 #a1 c4 #gf7 f :i* ! ^w ,t]eb9?us seems to h be5 d]iv$4 ,footnote #fff3 ,! t]m ,balsam is v improp]ly appli$ to ?is sub/ance1 s9ce x conta9s no ,b5zoic ,acid4 ,footnote #ffg3 ,! product ( ! ,amyris ,gilead5sis1 & probably ! ,balsamum ,judaicum1 ,syriacum e ,mecca1 ,opobalsamum1 c4 ( ! old] writ]s4 ,footnote #ffh3 ,a fluid extract1 prep>$ by decoction f ! twigs ( ?is species ( ,fir1 is ! well kn[n ,ess5ce ( ,spruce1 :i*1 :5 f]m5t$ ) melasses1 =ms ! popul> bev]age1 call$ 8,spruce ,be]10 7,c]evisia ,p9i ,l>icis47 ,,true ,,riga ,,balsam1 ,beaume de ,c>pa!s1 f ! %oots ( ! ,p9as ,cembra1 previ\sly bruis$1 & mac]at$ = a mon? 9 wat]4 ,?is same fir also af=ds ,,brian,,on ,,turp5t9e4 ,,hung>ian ,,balsam4--,a spontane\s exudation f ! ,p4 ,pumilio1 or ,mugho ,p9e4 ,footnote #ffi3 ,lib4 #af1 c4 #aj4 ,footnote #fgj3 ,prax4 ,m$4 ,lib4 #ad4 c4 #a4 ,footnote #fga3 ,,/>key',s ,,soap4 ,?is comp\nd is effect$ by a long & t$i\s trituration ( alkali & oil ( turp5t9e4 ,footnote #fgb3 ,?is case 0 occasion$ by a viol5t :irl+ ( ! body 9 a frolic6 ! circum/ances att5d+ x are s int]e/+1 t ,i %all take an opportunity ( submitt+ ! details to ! pr(ession4 ,see ,dr4 ,yeat's "w on ,hydrocephalus4 ,footnote #fgc3 ,see 8,a ,memoir on ! employm5t ( ,t]eb9?9\s ,rem$ies 9 ,disease1 by ,james ,copl&1 ,m4,d40 9 ! ,m$ical & ,physical ,j\rnal = #ahba1 p4 #ahe4 ,footnote #fgd3 ,kaauw de ,p]sp4 ,n4 #dcj4 ,footnote #fge3 ,,! ,,gue/onian ,,embrocation ,,= ,,rheumatism4 4 ,ol4 ,t]eb9?3 fiss--,ol3 ,oliv3 fiss--,acid3 ,sulph4 dilut3 fiij4 ,footnote #fgf3 ,,sc\r+ ,,drops4 ,! peculi> od\r :i* di/+ui%es oil ( turp5t9e1 may be de/roy$ by ! addition ( a few drops ( "s fragrant volatile oil1 z t ( lemons3 a comb9ation ( ?is k9d is commonly sold "u ! "n ( ,sc\r+ ,drops1 = ! purpose ( remov+ pa9t1 oil1 or grease f clo?4 ,footnote #fgg3 ,,dut*1 or ,,ha]lem ,,drops4 ,! basis ( ?is no/rum consi/s ( ! residue ( ?is r$i/illation1 :i* is a ?ick1 r$1 res9\s matt]1 to :i* ! "n ( ,balsam ( ,turp5t9e has be5 giv52 a prep>ation1 h[ev]1 is frequ5tly v5d$ z 8,dut* ,drops10 :i* is a mixture ( oil ( turp5t9e1 t9cture ( guaiacum1 _s ( nitric e!r1 ) small portions ( ! oils ( amb] & cloves4 ,s]apion1 ! y\ng]1 "o ( ! e>li] ,arabian writ]s on ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 describes !m z be>+ "s analogy to 8,p9e nuts40 ,footnote #fgh3 ,! read] w f9d an acc\nt ( ! ,botanical ,lit]ature ( ?is plant1 by ,j4 ,fro/1 ,director ( ! ,m$ico-,botanical ,society1 9 ! #ag? volume ( ! ,m$ical ,repository1 p4 #dfa4 ,footnote #fgi3 ,rumphius1 7,h]b3 ,ambo95se7 9 speak+ ( ! ,grana ,molucca1 obs]ves t wom5 :o are desir\s ( gett+ rid ( _! husb&s1 give !m f\r gra9s at "o dose4 ,footnote #fhj3 ,see ,a9slie's ,mat]ia ,m$ica ( ,h9do/an4 ,footnote #fha3 ,i /ate ?is fact on ! au?ority ( a communication made by ord] ( ! ,c\rt ( ,directors ( ! ,ea/ ,india ,company1 to ! ,college ( ,physicians1 enclos+ ! extract ( a lett] f ,mr4 ,conwell4 ,footnote #fhb3 ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce & ,arts4 ,no4 xxvi4 ,footnote #fhc3 ,i und]/& t to ! ,vet]9>y ,surgeon ?is oil has prov$ an article ( great utility1 z x uni=mly purges ! horse1 & may be employ$1 = t purpose1 9 ^? cases 9 :i* ,aloes w\ld be inadmissible4 ,footnote #fhd3 ,9 mak+ su* a t9cture we %\ld employ a fluid-dra*m ( ,rectifi$ ,_s1 to two drops ( ! oil4 ,!y %\ld be dige/$ = "s "t & !n filt]$4 ,) all ! c>e t c be us$1 a c]ta9 portion ( ! _s w be evaporat$1 & half a fluid-dra*m ( ! t9cture may be ?us consid]$ z ne>ly equival5t to a drop & a half ( ! oil4 ,footnote #fhe3 ,! object ( ?is prelim9>y /ep is to saturate ! alcohol ) a fix$ oil1 t x may n dissolve any portion ( t 9 ! ,tiglium1 & ?us confuse ! results4 ,! quantity ( fix$ oil :i* alcohol is capable ( dissolv+ is extremely small1 & w n 9 ! lea/ degree injure ! alcoholic solution = subsequ5t m$ic9al use4 ,footnote #fhf3 ,! *ange ( col\r :i* ,guaiacum und]goes by admixture ) o!r bodies1 n only af=ds a te/ by :i* we may appreciate its purity1 b at ! same "t x becomes a reag5t by :i* we may assay ! virtues ( o!r vegetable sub/ances4 ,accord+ to ! exp]im5ts ( ,m4 ,taddey & ,rudolphi1 x appe>s t ,,guaiacum 9 p[d]1 is an excell5t te/ = vegetable glut51 =m+ ) x a f9e blue col\r1 :5ce x af=ds ! means ( det]m9+ ! quality ( :eat fl\r4 ,f ! exp]im5ts ( ,m4 ,plan*e1 x moreov] appe>s t !re is a s]ies ( vegetable roots :i*1 :5 fre%1 are capable ( produc+ a blue col\r1 if introduc$ into an alcoholic solution ( ,guaiacum3 s t we may h]eaft] be furni%$ ) a *emical te/ t w at once appreciate _! fre%ness1 :i* is und\bt$ly "o ( ! greate/ desid]ata ( ph>maceutical sci5ce4 ,a communication has appe>$ f ,mr4 ,a4 ,t4 ,?omson1 9 :i* he proposes ,guaiacum z a te/ = ! fre%ness ( ,col*icum4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 nev] be5 able to succe$ ) x1 to my satisfaction4 ,footnote #fhg3 ,,hudson',s ,,pres]vative ,,= ,,! ,,tee? ,,& ,,gums4 ,equal p>ts ( ,t9cture ( ,myrrh1 ,t9cture ( ,b>k1 & ,c9namon wat]1 to :i* are add$ ,arquebusade & ,gum ,arabic4 ,,gre5\gh',s ,,t9cture ,,= ,,! ,,tee?4 ,! foll[+ receipt is giv5 on ! au?ority ( ,mr4 ,gray4 ,( ,bitt] ,almonds1 #b oz4 ,brazil ,wood & ,cassia ,buds1 equal p>ts1 half an ounce2 root ( ! ,flor5t9e ,iris1 #b dr43 ( ,co*9eal1 ,salt ( ,sorrel1 & ,alum1 equal p>ts1 "o dra*m2 ,rectifi$ ,_s1 #b p9ts2 ,_s ( ,horse ,radi%1 half an ounce4 ,,rusp9i',s ,,t9cture ,,= ,,! ,,tee?4 ,?is consi/s ( ! root ( ! ,flor5t9e ,iris1 eight ounces2 ,cloves1 "o ounce2 ,rectifi$ ,_s1 two p9ts2 ,amb]gris1 "o scruple4 ,footnote #fhh3 ,f l5io1 to assuage pa94 ,footnote #fhi3 ,,mat!w',s ,,injection4 ,?is once celebrat$ rem$y = ,fi/ula 9 ,ano1 0 no?+ m ?an a dilut$ ,t9cture ( ,can?>ides4 ,footnote #fij3 ,,solomon',s ,,balm ,,( ,,gilead4 ,an aromatic t9cture1 ( :i* ,c>damoms =m a lead+ +r$i5t1 made ) br&y4 ,"s practition]s h ass]t$ t ,can?>ides ent] its composition4 ,footnote #fia3 ,,daffy',s ,,elixir4 ,?is is ! ,t9ctura ,s5n ,composita1 ) ! sub/itution ( treacle = sug> c&y1 & ! addition ( anise$s & elecampane root4 ,diff]5t k9ds ( ?is no/rum are sold "u ! names ( ,,dicky',s ,,daffy1 & ,,sw9ton',s ,,daffy2 b !y diff] m]ely 9 "s subord9ate m9uti1 or unimportant additions4 ,footnote #fib3 ,! foll[+ rem>ks1 ) :i* ,i h lately be5 fav\r$ by ,dr4 ,davy1 appe> int]e/+4 8,9 ! few cases :i* ,i h tri$ ?is rem$y = ! ret5tion ( ur9e1 ,i h se5 no good effects produc$1 until x excit$ nausea4 ,= ?is purpose ,i h f\nd x advantage\s to give x 9 a little tepid wat]3 ^u *emical exam9ation ,i c\ld n discov] t x ev] pass$ (f by ! ur9e2 ! fces1 h[ev]1 are uni=mly col\r$ black by x1 :5ce ,i conclude x mu/ be evacuat$ ?r\gh ! b[els4 ,9 ord] to prev5t its t5d5cy to con/ipate ! b[els1 ,i h f\nd x necess>y to give "s ap]i5t1 z ca/or oil1 spe$ily aft] its exhibition40 ,may n ?is latt] circum/ance expla9 ! reason ( 8 n hav+ detect$ x 9 ! ur9e8 7,see p4 #ie47 ,footnote #fic3 ,,de ,,la ,,motte',s ,,gold5 ,,drops4 ,an !real solution ( ,iron4 ,footnote #fid3 ,x has1 = ?is reason1 be5 sub/itut$ = oak b>k 9 ! tann+ ( lea!r4 ,footnote #fie3 ,,briti% ,,h]b ,,tobacco4 ,! basis ( :i* is ,coltsfoot2 ?is appe>s to h _h a v anci5t orig91 = ! same plant 0 smoak$ ?r\gh a re$ 9 ! days ( ,dioscorides1 = ! purpose ( promot+ expectoration1 & 0 call$ by him 1 f 1 tussis1 :5ce ,tussilago4 ,,ess5ce ,,( ,,coltsfoot4 ,= an acc\nt ( ?is no/rum1 see page #cad4 ,footnote #fif3 ,9 ! fir/ edition ( ?is "w1 ,i /at$ ! probability ( ! ,v]atrum be+ ! active +r$i5t ( ! ,,eau ,,m$ic9ale1 &1 ^u ! au?ority ( ,mr4 ,james ,moore1 ,i ins]t$ a =mula = its prep>ation2 subsequ5t enquiry1 h[ev]1 has %ewn ! fallacy ( ?is op9ion2 b ! fact ( ! m$ic9al efficacy ( ! ,v]atrum1 :5 comb9$ ) opium1 9 ! cure ( g\t1 rema9s incontrov]tible4 ,"o ( ! two ,sweat+ ,p[d]s ( ,,w>d 0 a comb9ation ( ! ,v]atrum & ,opium1 x is c]ta9ly a v s+ul> co9cid5ce1 t rec5t exp]im5ts %\ld h %ewn t ! active pr9ciple ( col*icum is id5tical ) t :i* gives efficacy to ! hellebore1 viz4 ,gallate ( ,v]atria4 ,! fact itself (f]s a /rik+ in/ance ( m$ical exp]i5ce hav+ anticipat$ ! discov]ies ( *emi/ry1 :ile x af=ds a p[]ful case 9 support ( ! argum5ts :i* ,i h urg$ 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is "w1 p4 #ee4 ,footnote #fig3 ,,ed9burgh ,,o9tm5t4 ,! pr9cipal +r$i5ts ( :i* are ! ,:ite ,hellebore & ,muriate ( ,ammonia4 ,footnote #fih3 ,= an acc\nt ( :i* ! read] is ref]r$ to a mo/ +5i\s & int]e/+ ,essay by ,dr4 ,maccullo*1 entitl$ 8,rem>ks on ! ,art ( mak+ ,w9e1 ) sugge/ions = ! application ( its pr9ciples to ! improvem5t ( ,dome/ic ,w9es40 ,footnote #fii3 ,?is may also expla9 :y bitt]s1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 h be5 f\nd to c\nt]act ! effects ( w9e1 z 9 ! in/ance ( ! 8,poculum ,abs9?iatum10 ( :i* ! anci5ts ent]ta9$ s high an op9ion4 ,see page #fh4 ,footnote #gjj3 8,res9ata bibis v9a1 ,fal]na fugis4--,m>tial40 ,pl9y 7lib3 #ad4 c4 #ad47 m5tions a ,w9e "u ! "n ( ,myrrh9a1 :i* 0 s call$ on acc\nt ( its be+ impregnat$ ) ,myrrh4 ,?is cu/om expla9s ! orig9 & mean+ ( ! ,?yrsus ( ,bac*us1 :i* appe>s to h be5 a spe> entw9$ ) leaves or a fillet1 & surm\nt$ ) a ,fir cone2 ?us1 ,illu/ration ,footnote #gja3 ,see ,dioscorides1 lib4 #e1 c4 #ce1 #cf1 #cg1 #ch1 #ci4 ,footnote #gjb3 ,an int]e/+ & highly embelli%$ "w ^u ! subject ( ,w9es1 has lately be5 publi%$ by ,dr4 ,h5d]son4 ,footnote #gjc3 8,o ,nata mecum consule ,manlio40--,od3 xxi4 ,lib3 #c4 ,! ,odes ( ,horace ab\nd ) manife/ations ( ! same ta/e1 ?us1 8,i pete---- ,et ,cadum ,m>si memorem duelli40--,od3 xiv4 ,lib3 #c4 ,"h ,horace s5ds 8 ,slave = a cask ( ! w9e on :i* ! ,m>ian w> 0 record$1 & :i* mu/ !re=e h be5 sixty-eight ye>s old4 ,9 ode xxviii4 book #c1 we f9d him call+ = 8,bibuli ,consulis amphoram40 ,n[ z ! poet 0 born 9 ! ,consulate ( ,manlius1 z above /at$1 :i* happ5$ ,a4 ,u4 ,c4 #fhh1 & ,bibulus 0 ,consul 9 #fid1 ! w9e mu/ h be5 ho>d$ f ! "t ,horace 0 six ye>s ( age4 ,w9e h[ev] might1 accord+ to ! op9ion ( our ,poet1 be too old2 he t]ms w9e ( ?is description 8,languidiora ,v9a10 & ,plautus comp>es old w9e :i* has lo/ its reli% & /r5g?1 to a man :o has lo/ 8 tee? by age1 8,v9um vetu/ate ed5tulum40 ,ne/or's w9e 0 elev5 ye>s old4 ,od4 4 #cij4 ,! ,romans _h _! w9e cell>s at ! top ( _! h\ses2 ?us ,horace1 8desc5de ,corv9o jub5te40 ,! object ( su* an arrangem5t 0 t ! w9e might rip5 soon] by ! smoke1 = _! fires 7 made 9 ! middle ( _! rooms1 ) an op5+ above to let out ! smoke1 :i* is describ$ z roll+ to ! top ( ! h\se1 9 ! ,elev5? ,ode ( ! ,f\r? ,book4 8,rotantes v]tice fumum40 ,footnote #gjd3 ,f ! noxi\s effects :i* "s p]sons exp]i5ce f potations ( ,*ampagne1 x has be5 conjectur$ t ?is w9e mu/ possess "s n>cotic pr9ciple l t :i* exi/s 9 _m species ( ,fungi4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is extremely improbable4 ,footnote #gje3 signifies dry4 ,?is is a curi\s co9cid5ce4 ,footnote #gjf3 ,! ,sack ( ,%akespe>e 0 probably ,%]ry2 a conjecture :i* receives additional /r5g? f ! foll[+ passage4 ,fal/aff4--8,y rogue1 "h's lime 9 ?is ,sack too3 ,!re is no?+ b rogu]y to be f\nd 9 villa9\s man3 yet a c[>d is worse ?an a cup ( sack ) lime 9 x2 a villa9\s c[>d40 ,huldrick ,van ,speagle1 9 8 8,fam\s ,hi/orie ( mo/ ,dr9ks01 says 8,sack is no hippocrite1 = any man :o kn[s :at an ,anagram is w confesse t x is conta9$ )9 ! litt]al lett]s & limmits ( its own "n1 :i* is to say4 ,,cask1 i4 e4 ,sack40 ,see ,taylor's ,translation ( ! 8,"w ( ! pa9ful & indu/ri\s ,huldricke ,van ,speagle1 a grammatical ,brew] ( ,lubeck4 ,a4,d4 #afcg40 ,footnote #gjg3 ,expose equal p>ts ( sulphur & p[d]$ oy/] %ells to a :ite heat = fifte5 m9utes1 & :5 cold1 add an equal quantity ( cream ( t>t>2 ^! are to be put into a /rong bottle ) common wat] to boil = an h\r2 & ! solution is aft]w>ds to be decant$ into ounce phials1 add+ #bj drops ( muriatic acid to ea*4 ,?is liquor w precipitate ! lea/ quantity ( lead f w9es 9 a v s5sible black precipitate4 ,z iron might be accid5tally conta9$ 9 ! w9e1 ! muriatic acid is add$ to prev5t its precipitation4 ,footnote #gjh3 ,lead w n only correct ! acidity ( w9es1 b remove ! rancidity ( oils3 a prop]ty :i* is well kn[n to ,pa9t]s1 & :i* af=ds an exp$i5t = mak+ an inf]ior oil pass = a good "o4 ,footnote #gji3 ,! quantity ( rectifi$ _s & wat] ord]$ w be f\nd on admixture to produce a _s ne>ly ( ! above /r5g?4 ,footnote #gaj3 ,,w>d',s ,,r$ ,,drop4 ,a /rong v9\s solution ( ,t>t>iz$ ,antimony4 ,footnote #gaa3 ,,=d',s ,,laudanum4 ,?is is simil> to ! ,v9um ,opii ( ! pres5t ,ph>macopia4 ,footnote #gab3 ,laudanum4 ,p>acelsus fir/ be/[$ ! t]m ,laudanum ^u a prep>ation ( ,opium1 a ,,laudata ejus efficacia1 ,,laudatum m$icam5tum4 ,footnote #gac3 ,accord+ to ! exp]im5ts ( ,m4 ,vogel1 ,annales de ,*imie1 7t4 lxiv4 p4 #bbj7 ?is o9tm5t is no?+ m ?an metallic m]cury mix$ ) grease1 ! division ( :i* has be5 c>ri$ to su* an ext5t z to imp>t a blacki% col\r to ! mixture4 ,footnote #gad3 ,x is to be hop$ t a quantity ( ! o9tm5t w be prep>$ accord+ to ^! views1 & be submitt$ to a m ext5d$ s]ies ( exp]im5ts4 ,! oxide may be procur$ by decompos+ ,calomel by a solution ( pure potass1 or by p\r+ a solution ( ! nitrate ( m]cury into a cau/ic alkal9e solution2 ?is oxide %\ld be at fir/ triturat$ ) a little l>d1 9 ! cold1 to make ! p5etration complete1 tak+ c>e t ! l>d be q free f common salt1 or else ,calomel w be ! ultimate result3 ! mixture is !n to be submitt$ to ! action ( heat1 & x is v important to att5d to ! necess>y temp]ature1 = at #bab ! oxide & l>d w n unite1 at #fjj ! oxide w be decompos$ & ! m]cury volatiliz$1 at #ejj & #djj ! oxide is p>tially decompos$1 "s r$ oxide be+ =m$ & m]cury r$uc$2 ! prop] temp]ature is betwe5 #cjj & #cbj1 at :i* x %\ld be ma9ta9$ = an h\r1 & ! o9tm5t %\ld be /irr$ until cold4 ,footnote #gae3 ,f\r ounces1 troy1 ( m]curial o9tm5t1 prep>$ six mon?s be=e1 7 kept at #bab1 :5 x sep>at$ into two di/9ct /rata1 viz4 ! upp] "o :i* 0 light grey1 & extremely active z a m$ic9e1 & ! "u "o1 :i* ^u be+ triturat$ ) magnesia1 yield$ a l>ge proportion ( metallic m]cury1 & :i* 0 n f\nd to possess any activity4 ,footnote #gaf3 ,:5ev] x is our object to direct ! m]curial impression to any p>ticul> organ1 we %\ld if possible r\se its excitability by "s specific /imulus4 ,an exception1 h[ev]1 to ?is doctr9e w\ld seem to (f] itself 9 ! fact1 t *ildr5 at ! p]iod ( d5tition are n readily salivat$2 a priori1 we %\ld h c]ta9ly suppos$ t a pr$isposition to a flux ( saliva w\ld h produc$ a contr>y effect4 ,z x is1 we c only conclude t ^? organs are n dispos$ to take on any action t may be incompatible )1 or adv]se to1 t ( d5tition4 ,footnote #gag3 ,! ,ungu5tum ,w]holfii1 s long celebrat$ on ! ,cont95t1 0 a comb9ation ( ?is k9d4 ,footnote #gah3 ,basilicon1 i4 e4 ! ,royal ,o9tm5t4 ,,bailey',s ,,it* ,,o9tm5t4 ,?is is a v complicat$ comb9ation2 conta9+ ,nitre1 ,alum1 ,sulphate ( ,z9c1 & ,c9nab>1 made into an o9tm5t ) ,olive oil & ,l>d1 & p]fum$ ) ! ess5tial oils ( ,anise ,se$s1 ,origanum1 & ,lav5d]2 & col\r$ ) ,alkanet root4 ,! ,indians use an o9tm5t 9 invet]ate it*1 :i* is said to prove v successful1 & consi/s ( f9ely p[d]$ ,cocculus ,indicus mix$ ) a little w>m ,ca/or oil4 ,footnote #gai3 ,i h be5 lately in=m$ by a practical *emi/1 t he has occasionally f\nd 8 hydrog51 :5 produc$ by z9c & dilute acid1 to conta9 a portion ( ,ars5urett$ hydrog52 a fact :i* confirms ! ass]tion ( ,rol(f4 ,footnote #gbj3 ,! v>i\s quack rem$ies adv]tis$ = ! cure ( ! hoop+ c\gh are ei!r ,opiates1 or m$ic9es compos$ ( sulphate ( z9c4 ,! no/rum1 sold "u ! "n ( ,anti-p]tussis1 conta9s ?is metallic salt z its pr9cipal +r$i5t4 ,footnote #gba3 ,,oxley',s ,,conc5trat$ ,,ess5ce ,,( ,,jamaica ,,g+]4--,a m]e solution ( ,g+] 9 ,rectifi$ _s4 ,,g+] ,,be] ,,p[d]s4--,:ite sug>1 j ij1 g+] grs4 v4 sub-c>bonate ( soda grs4 xxvj1 9 blue pap]4 ,t>t>ic acid grs4 xxx1 9 ea* :ite pap]4 ,^! proportions are direct$ = half a p9t ( wat]4 ,,g+] ,,be]4--,! foll[+ is ! receipt by :i* ?is popul> bev]age is prep>$4 ,take ( lump sug> half a p\nd2 ( cream ( t>t> half an ounce2 ,bruis$ ,g+] an ounce2 boil+ wat] "o gallon4 ,f]m5t = tw5ty-f\r h\rs ) yea/4 ,,pres]v$ ,,g+]4--,t f ,india is almo/ transp>5t1 :ile t manufactur$ 9 ,europe is always opaque & fibr\s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes #a4 ,p4 ix1 *ang$ 8notorius ,quack ,m$ic9es0 to 8notori\s ,quack ,m$ic9es04 #b4 ,p4 #ba1 *ang$ 8antisyphylitic p[]s0 to 8antisyphilitic p[]s04 #c4 ,p4 #bh1 *ang$ 8,ipecacuhan _h be5 import$0 to 8,ipecacuan _h be5 import$04 #d4 ,p4 #hb1 *ang$ 8absosolute & relative rem$ies0 to 8absolute & relative rem$ies04 #e4 ,p4 #agd1 *ang$ 8mucus ( ! ure?a0 to 8mucus ( ! ure?ra04 #f4 ,p4 #ahi1 *ang$ 8erysipelat\s efflor5ce0 to 8erysipelat\s effloresc5ce04 #g4 ,p4 #bgi1 *ang$ 8brus$ se$s0 to 8bruis$ se$s04 #h4 ,p4 #bih1 *ang$ 8,desgrangs 7,recueil ,p]iod3 de la ,societ0 to 8,desgranges 7,recueil ,p]iod3 de la ,socit04 #i4 ,p4 #cjb1 *ang$ 8alkal9e phospate0 to 8alkal9e phosphate04 #aj4 ,p4 #cjg1 8#ajjj1jjj0 is un*ang$ f ! orig9al4 #aa4 ,p4 #caa1 *ang$ 8,myroxylon ,pruif]um0 to 8,myroxylon ,p]uif]um04 #ab4 ,p4 #cbi1 8,sp4 ,grav4 #idcc0 is grossly ov]/at$4 #ac4 ,p4 #ccc1 *ang$ 8opo!c>y at ,annecy0 to 8apo!c>y at ,annecy04 #ad4 ,p4 #chf1 *ang$ 8=ms ( ,des5t]y0 to 8=ms ( ,dys5t]y04 #ae4 ,p4 #cih1 *ang$ 8tat>iz$ antimony0 to 8t>t>iz$ antimony04 #af4 ,p4 #djc1 *ang$ 8:5 adm9i/$0 to 8:5 adm9i/]$04 #ag4 ,p4 #dad1 *ang$ 8,satur9e applications0 to 8,saturn9e applications04 #ah4 ,p4 #dcd1 split ! ?ree "p footnote ) ?ree an*ors into ?ree di/9ct footnotes4 #ai4 ,p4 #ded1 *ang$ 8iron1 & maganese0 to 8iron1 & manganese04 #bj4 ,p4 #dfg1 *ang$ 8suphate ( z9c0 to 8sulphate ( z9c04 #ba4 ,p4 #dgf1 *ang$ 8hexa$ral prisms0 to 8hexah$ral prisms04 #bb4 ,table ( ,cont5ts add$ by transcrib]4 #bc4 ,sil5tly correct$ punctuation errors & v>iations 9 spell+4 #bd4 ,ar*aic1 non-/&>d1 & unc]ta9 spell+s reta9$ z pr9t$4 #be4 ,footnotes 7 re-index$ us+ numb]s & collect$ toge!r at ! end ( ! la/ *apt]4 #bf4 ,enclos$ italics font 9 und]scores4 #bg4 ,enclos$ bold font 9 equals4 #bh4 ,sup]scripts are d5ot$ by a c>et be=e a s+le sup]script "* or a s]ies ( sup]script$ *>act]s enclos$ 9 curly braces1 e4g4 ,mr4 or ,mi/]4