,,*itima*a ,,notebook ,writ+s ( ,emile ,/\ff--,a ,*itima*a ,*ief ,edit$ by ,m>cia ,gaudet ,illu/ration3 ,basket patt]n ,lafayette ,natural ,hi/ory ,museum & ,planet>ium ,lafayette1 ,l\isiana #aihf ,illu/ration3 ,page facsimile ,illu/ration3 ,page facsimile ,illu/ration3 ,emile ,/\ff1 ,*ief ( ! ,*itima*as ,illu/ration3 ,*itima*a ,*ief ,b5jam9 ,paul & ! ,*itima*a *ildr5 are pictur$ ) a pirogue ne> ! ,*itima*a res]vation 9 ,*>5ton4 ,! little girl is ,jane ,b]n>d ,wilson1 ! boy 9 ! c5t] is ,ar?ur ,d>d51 & ! boy sitt+ 9 ! pirogue is ,gabriel ,d>d54 7,m4,r4 ,h>r+ton1 #aijh4 ,photo c\rtesy ( ,museum ( ! ,am]ican ,indian1 ,heye ,f\ndation7 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,i4 ,introduction #c ,,ii4 ,! ,*itima*a ,/ory ( ,creation #e ,,iii4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,*itima*a ,indians #aa ,,iv4 ,previ\s ,publications ab\t ! ,*itima*as #ae ,,li/ ,,( ,,photographs ,i4 ,*itima*a ,*ief ,b5jam9 ,paul ) *ildr5 & canoe fac+ page #a ,,ii4 ,*itima*a family--,regis ,d>d5 #b ,,iii4 ,*itima*a gr\p--#aijh #d ,,iv4 ,?ree memb]s ( a ,*itima*a family #aj ,illu/ration3 ,! ,regis ,d>d5 ,*itima*a family4 ,pictur$ f left to "r are ,lucy ,mora ,d>d51 ,delph9e ,/\ff 79 back71 ,adelle ,d>d51 ,ga/on ,d>d51 ,regis ,d>d5 79 back71 & ,/acy ,d>d54 ,adelle ,d>d51 wife ( ,regis ,d>d51 0 kn[n z 8,gum ,da,da40 ,lucy ,mora ,d>d5 0 ! wife ( ,ga/on ,d>d54 ,*itima*a baskets are pictur$ 9 front ( ! gr\p4 ,basket weav+ is a traditional craft ( ! ,*itima*a ,indians4 7,m4,r4 ,h>r+ton1 #aijh4 ,photo c\rtesy ( ,museum ( ! ,am]ican ,indian1 ,heye ,f\ndation7 ,,introduction ,emile ,/\ff 0 ,*ief ( ! ,*itima*as ( ,*>5ton1 ,l\isiana1 f #aidh to #aifh4 ,aft] ,*ief ,/\ff di$ 9 #aigh1 8 wid[1 ,faye ,rog] ,/\ff1 discov]$ two notebooks 9 :i* he _h record$ "s ( ! ?+s ab\t ! ,*itima*as t he _h le>n$ f oral tradition4 ,! two manuscripts 7 writt5 9 ,emile ,/\ff's h&writ+4 ,?\gh ,*ief ,/\ff _h no =mal education1 ,mrs4 ,/\ff1 :o is n a ,native ,am]ican1 taught him to read & write aft] !y 7 m>ri$ & %e came to live ) him on ! ,*itima*a l&4 ,mrs4 ,/\ff said t h] husb& told h] he _h le>n$ mo/ ( ! leg5ds1 /ories1 & my?s t he knew f an aunt :o w\ld sit him d[n & beat him ) a cane to make him li/54 ,%e w\ld tell him1 8,y've got to le>n ?is40 ,le>n+ ! hi/ory1 religi\s beliefs1 leg5ds1 & traditions ( ! tribe 0 app>5tly a v important "p ( ! education & developm5t ( ! ,*itima*as4 ,!re are two sep>ate notebooks ) writ+s by ,emile ,/\ff4 ,"o beg9s ) ! /ory ( creation & deals ) ! beliefs ( ! ,*itima*as4 ,! o!r deals m ) ! hi/ory s9ce ! :ite man came4 ,previ\s publications ab\t ! ,*itima*as h pres5t$ p>ts ( ! leg5d ab\t ! cypress tree 9 ,lake ,daut]ive & ! leg5d ab\t ! little bird ( ! ,*itima*as4 ,s9ce ,*ief ,/\ff's v]sion ( ! hi/ory is f ! p]spective ( ! ,*itima*as1 x diff]s some:at f previ\sly publi%$ acc\nts4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly evid5t 9 a comp>ison ( ! ,*itima*a acc\nt ( ! murd] ( ,/4 ,cosme ) acc\nts t rely on ,fr5* hi/orical s\rces4 ,*ief ,/\ff's notebooks give an acc\nt ( ! ,*itima*a beliefs & hi/ory z !y 7 pass$ d[n by oral tradition4 ,he recogniz$ t ?is tradition w\ld p]haps n be ma9ta9$1 & he attempt$ to record "s ( 8 k ( ! p & _! culture4 ,z su*1 8 writ+s are ( value & int]e/ to anyone :o w\ld l to "k m ab\t ! ,*itima*as4 ,9 edit+ ! notebooks1 ,i h made z few *anges z possible 9 ord] to ma9ta9 ! /yle & tone ( ,*ief ,/\ff's writ+4 ,! *anges f 8 orig9al manuscript h be5 ma9ly to /&>dize spell+ & punctuation = cl>ity4 ,= example1 ,*ief ,/\ff spell$ ,*itima*a sev]al diff]5t ways 7,*etama*a1 ,*etima*a1 ,*itama*a7 9 8 writ+1 & he usually us$ no punctuation at all4 ,?us1 he 0 writ+ j z he w\ld h told ^! /ories orally to ! next g5]ation ( ,*itima*as4 ,m>cia ,gaudet ,illu/ration3 ,*itima*a ,gr\p ) f9i%$ ,*itima*a baskets4 ,pictur$ left to "r are ,delph9e ,d>d5 ,/\ff1 ! *ild--,con/ance ,m>ie ,/\ff 7di$ at age #ac71 ,cl>a ,d>d51 & ,octave ,/\ff1 ,sr4 ,!y are1 respectively1 ,emile ,/\ff's "m1 si/]1 great-aunt1 & fa!r4 7,m4,r4 ,h>r+ton1 #aijh4 ,photo c\rtesy ( ,museum ( ! ,am]ican ,indian1 ,heye ,f\ndation7 ,,manuscript ,,( ,,emile ,,/\ff ,la/ ,*ief ( ! ,*itima*as ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,creation ,9 ! beg9n+1 ! ,great ,_s look$ at a great mass ( wat]4 ,s he said1 8,!re %\ld be some?+ solid = animals ) blood40 ,s he call$ ^u ! crawfi% to dig d[n & br+ up "s dirt1 :i* !y did4 ,z !y br\ght up ! dirt1 ! wat] rec$$4 ,! crawfi% is /ill work+ at x4 ,! ,great ,_s 0 pleas$4 ,s he took ! dirt & made all liv+ ?+s ) x4 ,:5 he ran out ( objects1 he said1 8,?is is good1 b ,i mu/ make "o to control ^! animals4 ,i w make man40 ,s he *ose "s good clay & made a clay man1 b x 0 s(t4 8,i %all bake x 9 ! fire f ! sun10 he said4 ,s he bak$ x1 & :5 he took x out1 x 0 pale4 ,s he j blew on x & set x aside4 ,!n1 ! m he look$ at x1 ! m he 0 displeas$ ) x4 ,s he said1 8,i w let x live1 b ,i w make ano!r "o & leave x long] to d>k5 x40 ,he left x twice z long z be=e & :5 he took ?is "o out1 x 0 black4 ,s he set x aside & said1 8,i %all make ano!r10 & :5 he bak$ ?is "o he cut ! "t 9 half1 & x came out exactly z he want$ x4 ,s he made ?ree--"o :ite1 "o black1 & "o r$4 ,he nam$ t "o p9ikan1 mean+ ,r$4 ,!n he saw man ne$$ a helpmate4 8,i made man out ( dirt s ,i w take "p ( man to make 8 helpmate s !y w be z "o1 & %e w be kn[n z female z %e is "p ( ! male40 ,aft] look+ ! male ov]1 he decid$ to make h] out ( bone4 ,s he took a rib f ! rib case1 "r 9 front ( ! *e/1 leav+ a bone dangl+4 ,:5 man woke up1 he saw ?is female sitt+ !re4 ,he notic$ %e 0 built diff]5t & beautiful4 ,:5 he />t$ to h]1 he cri$1 8,wo ,man10 & !y committ$ ! fir/ s9 7z we "k x74 ,! man said1 8,y %\ld cov] y\rself up40 ,! female said1 8,& s %\ld y4 ,i "k1 ,i w take ! l>ge leaves f ?is tree & make ea* a cov]40 ,%e made ! cov]s & ti$ !m on ) a v9e kn[n today z ! :ite v9e4 ,:5 !y he>d ! ,great ,_s com+1 !y 7 a%am$1 & hid f him4 ,s he call$ = !m to 8,come out :]ev] y are40 ,!n ! ,great ,_s ask$ !m1 8,:y are y hid+80 ,!n ! male said1 8,%e look$ s entic+ t ,i w5t into h] )\t y\r p]mission40 ,! ,great ,_s said1 8,= t y %all g out on ! e>? & e>n y\r liv+ by ! sweat ( y\r br[4 ,if y d n "w1 y d n eat1 & y1 woman1 y %all be> 8 (fspr+ 9 great pa94 ,i did n int5d to h b y two1 b s9ce x is ?is way1 y w be fruitful & multiply s y\r se$ may be _m1 & n[ t y are sm>t1 ,i w give y ! e>?1 b rememb] y are made ( h] dirt & y %all return to h]4 ,%e is y\r "m4 ,%e w fe$ y & clo! y4 ,%e w give y ! trees to give y nuts & fruits = y to eat & at seasons = birds to live 91 & fur be>+ animals4 ,y w also enjoy its %ade4 ,:5 y are tir$1 y may re/ on ! s(t grass t w gr[4 ,! tree w h _m uses4 ,x w be us$ to w>m y 9 ! w9t]1 to make rafts to float on ! wat]s1 & x w make y\r homes = y\r protection aga9/ ! cold w9t]4 ,x w heat y :5 x is cold4 ,x w cook y\r food & its fire w be a bless+ z ! flames leave by small p>ts into ! skies4 ,x w also tell y ! direction y mu/ g s y ne$ n ev] get lo/ :ile y are travel+4 ,! se$ y %all plant1 ! e>? w help !m gr[ s y w h some?+ to eat4 ,%e w sep>ate & make /reams to h>bor ! fi%es y w eat & = y to dr9k & ba!4 ,s protect ! wat]s & keep !m clean4 ,y\r life dep5ds on its purity j l ! air y brea!4 ,y may h my brea? 9 y1 & if y disobey me1 ,i w )draw my brea? & y w be no m4 ,& ?r\gh my brea?1 ,i w be ) y always4 ,:5 y are sick1 ! e>? w be> roots & h]bs = y to use4 ,i w n inflict any sickness t w n h h]bs to cure4 ,i w speak to y\r m$ic9e man ?r\gh a coma only & only to ?is man ,i %all designate ! cures4 ,i w speak to him only ?r\gh a vision4 ,no "o else %all see me aga91 & ?is man %all *oose someone ( 8 k9d & reveal ?is secret to any man wor?y ( him4 ,to avoid conflict1 !re w be only "o 9 ea* gr\p to speak to me4 ,8 p[] /r5g? w be z /rong z 8 fai? 9 me4 ,i %all keep ! "m e>? 9 my cu/ody s ,i may de/roy x any "t t y h lo/ fai? 9 me & disobey my tea*+4 ,y w1 at any "t ,i *oose = y1 return y\r body to ! "m e>?1 b if y love me & keep ! fai? y\r spirits w g to ! ,happy ,hunt+ ,gr\nd1 :]e ev]y?+ w be = y\r tak+1 & y w die no m4 ,b if y d n1 y\r c>cass w rema9 9 "m womb & return to dirt ( :i* y 7 creat$4 8,! e>? w be = y\r use4 ,use x 9 any way y *oose4 ,b no "o c claim x z _! own4 ,x is n to be b\ght1 sold1 or r5t$1 because ! e>? is m9e4 ,misuse x1 & y %all rep5t = any wrong use ( ! l& or its /reams4 ,?is ,i comm& y to live by1 s g out 9 ! _w t y h made = y\rself & be fruitful & multiply40 ,t is ! way ! ,indians said ! ,great ,_s gave x to ! fir/ man1 & x 0 9 practice :5 ! :ite man came into ?is c\ntry4 ,! ,great ,_s %[$ !m h[ to make cov]ups out ( animal sk91 call$ brea*clo?s1 & !y 7 happy4 ,n[ ! man :o 0 to d ! treat+ f\nd a c]ta9 h]b t w\ld put him into a coma1 s he w\ld build a fire & dr9k a tea made f ?is h]b & dance ar\nd ?is fire *ant+ until ?is h]b took effect4 ,!n he w\ld pass out4 ,:ile 9 ?is /age1 he w\ld communicate ) ! ,great ,_s :i* w\ld tell him :at to d or :at to use or :atev] 8 desire 04 ,someone ask$ ! m$ic9e man to describe ! ,great ,_s s9ce he claims he saw him4 ,! m$ic9e man said he w\ld be h>d to describe s9ce he has no %ape1 & yet he has _m %apes4 8,! way ,i saw him is l a heavy mi/4 ,he _h no eyes1 yet he saw ev]y?+4 ,he has no e>s1 yet he he>s ev]y?+1 ev5 ! unspok5 ^w )9 y4 ,he has no m\?1 yet he speaks4 ,y h he>d him speak to y )9 y\r head1 some?+ to n d t is wrong1 or he w say d d t t is good4 ,he is wat*+ y always4 ,y _c hide f 8 sight no matt] :]e y are or :at y are do+40 ,n[ ! ,indians _h no ,hell1 no ,devil4 ,!y ?\ght t return+ to dirt & n go+ to ! ,happy ,hunt+ ,gr\nd 0 ! wor/ ?+ t c\ld happ5 to !m4 ,x 0 _! code1 n religion4 ,!y liv$ by sort ( ,moses' law--an eye = an eye1 a too? = a too?4 ,_! *ief & c\ncilm5 w\ld decide4 ,n[ ! :ite man says t !y f\nd !m wor%ipp+ ! moon or "s />s4 ,true1 !y knew he 0 up !re some:]e1 s "s w\ld ?9k he 0 ! man 9 ! moon1 & ?\ght he 0 "s bright />4 ,!y did n "k4 ,none!less1 !y knew t !re 0 a p[] /rong] ?an !m4 ,!y c\ld feel him 9 _! m9d4 ,!y did n tea* fe> to _! *ildr5 l !y w\ld g to hell4 ,!y taught !m brav]y1 to fe> no "o4 ,z long z !y obey$ ! ,great ,_s1 !y w\ld be cont5t4 ,a long "t ago1 no def9ite date1 came among ! ,*itima*a a /range1 fair complect$ man :o spoke _! language1 :i* amaz$ ! ,indians4 ,he 0 v sm>t4 ,! ,indians said he knew ev]y?+4 ,he taught !m to make bett] crops by us+ fi% byproducts & ev5 fi% by _! plants1 & x w\ld make !m gr[ heal?y & /rong4 ,he help$ !m to sub/itute h]bs :5 "o 0 n available at diff]5t seasons4 ,!n came "o day1 he told ! ,indians x 0 "t = him to leave ! ,*itima*a & g d 8 fa!r's "w4 ,he pick$ out a cypress tree & climb$ to ! top4 ,!n he told ! ,*itima*as1 8,:5ev] y ne$ ra9 = y\r crops1 come & wet ?is tree & x w ra9 accord+ to y\r ne$s40 ,& until ?is day1 x works4 ,x has be5 prov5 by _m1 _m p1 :ite & black4 ,all ov] ,s\? ,l\isiana1 p "k ab\t x & believe 9 x /rongly4 ,t is h[ ! ,indians 7 bless$ by ! ,great ,_s4 ,he gives & he takes4 ,! ,*itima*a did n ?9k x feasible to ask ! ,great ,_s = any?+4 ,all !y taught _! *ildr5 0 h[ to ?ank him = all ! good ?+s !y got f him4 ,if some?+ w5t wrong along ! way1 y j *eck$ ! pa/--y h done some?+ to displease ! ,great ,_s4 ,x has always be5 & /ill is until today4 ,s ! ,indians w\ld puni% !mselves to try & please ! ,great ,_s4 ,n[ ! ,indian has be5 ridicul$ = talk+ to ! ,great ,_s :i* is an ,indian belief4 ,! :ite prophets ( old spoke to _! gods4 ,:y %\ld x be unreasonable = an ,indian to d ! same "u ! ,great ,_s8 ,guidance z a=e /at$1 ! ,*itima*a d n believe ,adam & ,eve nak$ 9 ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed5 ate an apple2 h[ev]1 ! :ite man says s1 s ! ,indians d n d5y x1 s9ce !y _h to accept ! :ite ,god1 :i* is ! same ,supreme ,be+ ) diff]5t names4 ,!y are bo? sacr$ to ! ,*itima*a4 ,s9ce ! ,indians c\ld n read or write1 all ?is 0 h&$ d[n m\? to m\?4 ,s _m ?+s might be left out & "s c\ld h be5 add$4 ,we d n "k = sure1 yet "s ( y\r /ronge/ & olde/ organizations d n h any?+ writt5 & are /ill go+ /rong4 ,we d "k t ! ,indians did n prea* religion4 ,!y live x4 ,!y h a c]emonial = ev]y?+1 & x 0 all done ) respect to ! ,great ,_s4 ,_! dances1 _! *ant+ 0 some:at l y\r unkn[n tongue ( today1 & x 0 always done ar\nd a fire because we believe t fire has life4 ,if y wat* a fire1 y w notice "p ( ! flame leaves ! fire & goes up to c>ry ! message to ! ,great ,_s1 ?ank+ him = a good h>ve/1 good hunt1 a good fi% cat*1 & _m o!r ?+s4 ,! c\ncil w\ld meet & decide :at puni%m5t %\ld be = a wrongdo]1 su* z if "o committ$ murd] & !y decid$ he %\ld die also1 ! *ief w\ld tell him4 ,s hav+ no jail1 he w\ld be free until 8 "t came4 ,"t 0 measur$ by ! moon4 ,! c\ncil w\ld decide h[ _m moons he _h left4 ,!n ! crim9al w\ld return to meet 8 execution & if he did n return1 8 "m or fa!r or bro!r or 8 son w\ld h to pay = 8 crime1 someone v close to him4 ,n[ 9 ! kill+ ( "o 9 a brawl1 ! liv+ 0 n puni%$ by dea?4 ,he _h to see t ! family ( ! deceas$ 0 f$ & clo!d until all 7 capable ( tak+ c>e ( !mselves4 ,if he _h only en\gh = "o family1 he _h to d )\t1 s ! dead man's family w\ld n suff] hung]4 ,n[ if a squaw committ$ adult]y1 %e 0 puni%$ by cutt+ ! tip ( h] nose4 ,%e w\ld be =ev] m>k$ z an unfai?ful squaw4 ,!re is no puni%m5t kn[n today = ! man4 ,once an ,indian _h an eye sore ! m$ic9e man c\ld n cure4 ,s he _h to g into a coma & seek ! aid ( ! ,great ,_s4 ,aft] ! prep>ation t ! ,great ,_s _h in/ruct$ !m to d1 he pass$ out1 s to speak4 ,! ,great ,_s told him :]e to f9d ! h]b t w\ld cure any sore eye4 ,x seems t ! *ief's little girl _h di$ & 0 buri$4 ,! ,great ,_s told him to g to ! grave ( ?is little girl1 & he w f9d a small v9e gr[+ f h] eye4 ,use t v9e & leaves1 & make an eye wa% ) x4 ,he did & ! eyes 7 cur$ 7& we 7 /ill us+ x till we 7 =bidd5 by ! m$ical association to use any h]b71 & _m h]bs 7 f\nd1 l mon]1 & until today only "o ( ! tribe kn[s ! h]bs t 7 us$ s9ce ! beg9n+1 :i* w n be reveal$ to anyone4 ,! ,indians ( today d n meet ! /&>d t ! ,great ,_s set1 nor w !y foll[ ! ritual t goes ) x1 s x w die out j l ! o!r ?+s ! :ite man depriv$ ! ,indians (1 _! way ( liv+4 ,! *ief duty 0 to see t ev]yone _h some?+ to eat be=e he w\ld eat4 ,if "s did n h any ?r\gh no fault ( _! own1 ev]yone _h to %>e :at !y _h ) ! "o t _h none4 ,^! 7 ! unwritt5 laws t ! ,*itima*a liv$ by4 ,z f> z ?is writ] kn[s t is ! way x 0 relat$ a long "t ago4 7,i make no excuse = add+ "s or leav+ "s ( x out4 ,z "t goes on1 p]haps "s m w come to m9d4 ,if s1 x w be add$ to ?is brief resume ( ! "o & only ,great ,_s z ! ,indians knew him be=e ! :ite man came47 ,! ,indians knew h[ to make ra9 )\t ! ra9 tree & h[ to make ! nor? w9d bl[ to dry up ! wea!r :5 necess>y4 ,i h se5 x "w "t aft] "t4 ,x is a secret giv5 by ! ,great ,_s = _! use1 b !y 7 w>n$ nev] to abuse x nor use x to h>m y\r fell[ m54 ,b su* rituals _c & w n be reveal$ to ! ,indians ( today4 ,!y are too well integrat$ ) ! :ite man & 8 ways4 ,x may n "w = !m1 s let x die out l s _m rituals h4 ,l an old ,indian *ief once said1 8,! campfire is dy+ out1 ! hunt is almo/ ov]40 ,b :at w happ5 to ! songs & ! folklore8 ,!y w soon die out also4 ,ev]y?+ an ,indian does is done 9 a circle because all ?+s are r\nd4 ,! moon1 ! />s1 ! sun1 ! sky1 ! _w is r\nd4 ,s he mu/ also d ev]y?+ 9 a circle4 ,! sun rises & circles ov]head until x disappe>s & returns to d ! same ?+ aga94 ,s does ! moon4 ,! />s d ! same ?+4 ,_! homes 7 built 9 circles4 ,_! lives 7 liv$ 9 a circle f bir? to dea? to bir? aft] dea?4 ,! extremely beautiful creation ( ! ,*itima*a ,indians is amaz+ly simil> to ! ,biblical ,g5esis4 ,! animal 0 creat$ be=e man4 ,s 9 ?is ,div9e ,orig91 !y h a c]ta9 proximity to ! ,great ,_s himself :i* s]ves ! same function z reveal$ scriptures 9 o!r religions4 ,!re are int]m$iators or l9ks betwe5 man & ! ,great ,_s4 ,! ,great ,_s comes to ! ,indian vision involv+ animal =ms4 ,"o old ,indian1 ! la/ we "k (1 receiv$ 8 spiritual p[] f visions ( a wolf & :5 he di$ 9 ! h\se :]e an ,indian /ill lives1 a pack ( wolves came & ran ar\nd ! h\se sev]al times & !n left nev] to return z f> z we "k4 ,we z ,indians h lo/ ! communication ) ! ,great ,_s4 ,!n we /ill h a v small bird t lives ) ! ,indians1 & x peeps ?+s ,indians und]/&4 ,x tells :5 someone is com+1 :5 x is go+ to ra91 & _m o!r ?+s only an ,indian und]/&s4 ,no ,indian 0 all[$ to h>m ?is little bird4 ,indians see signs f all ! wild animals--h "s trait--an ,indian notices !m v close1 ?9k+ !y are ! love ( ! ,great ,_s4 ,s9ce he creat$ !m fir/1 we reg>d all creat$ be+s z sacr$ & important = ev]y?+4 ,?is is ! way x 0 told to me _m ye>s ago4 ,s be x4 ,illu/ration3 ,?ree memb]s ( a ,*itima*a family4 ,pictur$ left to "r are ,felicia ,mora ,d>d51 ,erne/ ,jack ,d>d51 & ,emma ,d>d5 ,b]n>d4 7,m4,r4 ,h>r+ton1 #aijh4 ,photo c\rtesy ( ,museum ( ! ,am]ican ,indian1 ,heye ,f\ndation7 ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,*itima*a ,,indians ,i w try to write "h :at ,i "k ( ! ,*itima*a ,indians z ,i "k x & :at ,i he>d f ! old p4 ,! tribe once liv$ on ,gr& ,lake f ,bay\ ,portage1 z t is :]e ! ,sacr$ tree n[ /&s1 to ! %ell bea* "h 9 ,*>5ton4 ,t is :]e !y 7 liv+ :5 "o day a l>ge boat came up f :]e ! sun rises4 ,x /opp$ out 9 ! lake a di/ance f %ore4 ,! ,indians 7 amaz$ at its size & /ood on %ore look+ :5 "s m5 came a%ore to see ab\t com+ a%ore4 ,s9ce !y did n speak ! same language1 !y 7 *as$ back to _! %ip4 7,!y 7 ,spani%47 ,next day !y decid$ to come a%ore by =ce1 b ! night be=e ! *ief consult$ ! m$ic9e man to f9d out :at %\ld he d4 ,! m$ic9e man took "s k9d ( h]bs & burnt !m & ga!r$ ! a%es & told ! *ief if he w\ld spread ! a%es on ! %ore l9e1 n "o w\ld put ! foot on l&4 ,s x 0 done by ! *ief4 ,!y tri$1 b ! w>riors held !m (f z ! *ief /ood on ! %ell knolls ) ! a%es 9 h& ?r[+ bits 9 ! air4 ,!y ,spani>ds 7 s badly defeat$1 !y w5t (f 9 _! %ip4 ,! ,*itima*a1 ?9k+ !y _h *as$ !m (f = good1 =got ab\t !m & aga9 7 enjoy+ life l x 04 ,n too _m moons lat]1 ! ,spani>ds came back to ! ,indians on ,bay\ de ,*ittama* 7kn[n n[ z ,bay\ ,laf\r*e7 & ga!r$ ! ,h\ma ,indian :i* !y _h defeat$ & enslav$ to fight ! ,*itima*as4 ,someh[ !y came up ,bay\ ,te*e & attack$ f t side4 ,:ile !y 7 fight+ ! ,h\ma ,indians1 ! ,spani>ds came & l&$ on ! lake side1 :i* is kn[n n[ z ! ,%ell ,bea* & attack$ f t side4 ,! ,*itima*a did n h a *ance4 ,?\s&s 7 kill$ & w\nd$ & no?+ to eat4 ,we _h to give up4 ,! enemy told ! few rema9+ ,*itima*as1 8,?is is :at we w give y4 ,y may rema9 "h on ?is bay\ & live4 ,no h>m w come to y1 b any ,indian caught 9 ! woods or lake%ore w be %ot on sight40 ,?is p>cel ( l& we n[ hold is ! v same place t !y 7 talk+ ab\t4 ,we h no record ( :at happ5$ to ! ,h\mas t surviv$ ! w>4 ,p]haps ! ,spani>ds took !m home or !y rema9$ "h & int]mix$ ) u4 ,i d n "k4 ,hunt+ along ! ,bay\ ,te*e 0 n s v good1 s ! ,indians _h to eat :atev] !y c\ld f9d su* z acorns1 wild fruit1 & "s grass 0 edible until !y c\ld gr[ "s vegetables4 ,!n life became m be>able4 ,n[ t is ! way ,i he>d1 true or n4 ,i d "k t ! ,h\ma ,indians 7 hat$ by all ! old ,indians z late z ! tw5ties4 ,few ,h\ma ,indians came ov] & 7 n receiv$ by ! old ,indians ) ! exception ( two wom54 ,i w cov] !m lat]4 ,aft] ! ,spani>ds settl$1 !y _h _! fir/ gov]nor by ! "n ( ,galvez4 ,! ye> #agfc1 ,galvez sign$ a treaty ) ! ,*itima*as = liv+ s peaceful4 ,he grant$ !m #aajj acres ( l& on bo? sides ( ,bay\ ,te*e4 ,!re is no record ,i c f9d h[ !y built ! t[n ( ,*>5ton 9 ! middle ( ! grant4 ,! old] ,indians did n say :at happ5$ f !n to ! "t :5 ,spa9 sold out to ,france4 ,:5 ! ,fr5*m5 came ov]1 !y />t$ to take ov] ! l& t 0 donat$ to ! ,*itima*as :i* !y claim$ ! ,fr5* _h b\ght x all f ,spa94 ,! treaty 0 no m good4 ,!n ! ,fr5* />t$ kill+ ,indians4 ,! ,indians tri$ to fight back1 b 7 no mat* = ,fr5*m5 :o ne>ly wip$ out ! ,indians4 ,!y kill$ !m l animals1 slaught]$1 murd]$ until a few t rema9$ gave up4 ,s ! ,fr5* took !m & made slaves out ( !m1 ^? able to "w 9 ! fields4 ,! wom5 7 made s]vants1 ! "y ones tak5 by ! ,fr5* z concub9es4 ,!y 7 =c$ to lay ) ! m51 z "y z t5 ye>s old4 ,!re 7 m m5 ?an !re 7 ,indian wom51 s "o ,indian woman w\ld satisfy ! lu/ ( five or six ,fr5*m54 ,!n half bre$s 7 born to ! ,indian wom54 ,"s ( u /ill h ,fr5* names4 ,!re 7 only ab\t fifty ,indians escap$ to ,plaquem9e1 ,weeks ,isl&1 & all ab\t4 ,"s ( !m came back "h & liv$ pretty peaceful ) ! ,fr5*4 ,!y populat$ well4 ,by t "t ! ,fr5*m5 decid$ t ! ,indian wor%ip ( ! ,great ,_s 0 wrong4 ,!y mu/ =get _! way ( liv+ & live l ! ,fr5*m54 ,s !y s5t a mission>y among ! ,indians to tea* !m _! invisible ,god4 ,! ,indians1 ready to believe any?+ to help _! plight1 believ$ :at ?is man 0 say+4 ,8 "n 0 ,/4 ,cosmos4 ,he 0 s pleas$ ) 8 "w1 he talk$ ! ,*ief into lett+ him take "s ,indians to meet ! ,g5]al to %[ him h[ !y _h accept$ ! :ite ,god4 ,s ! ,*ief cons5t$ to let !m g4 ,he took six ( ! ,indian braves & left4 ,x 0 n kn[n :]e ! ,fr5* army 0 locat$4 ,anyh[1 :5 !y got !re ! soldi]s kill$ all ! ,indians4 ,! prie/ 0 outdone1 s to speak1 s he return$ to ! res]vation4 ,:5 ! ,*ief ask$ :]e 7 8 m51 ! prie/ told him !y 7 all dead1 %ot by ! ,fr5* army4 ,! *ief 0 s v angry1 he ord]$ ! prie/ kill$ & br\ght back to ! ,fr5*4 ,s be x4 ,:5 ! ,fr5* woke up ! next morn+1 !re 0 ! dead prie/4 ,t is :5 all hell broke loose4 ,! ,fr5* hunt$ ! ,*itima*as d[n & kill$ ev]yone 9 sight4 ,"s ,*itima*as ran & hid all ov] ! woods4 ,"s w5t to :at is n[ ,weeks ,isl&1 "s got to ,plaquem9e4 ,!re 7 ab\t fifty ,*itima*as rema9+ on ! same l& t is n[ ! res]vation4 ,at t "t1 ,o',reilly 0 gov]nor ( ,l\isiana4 ,he issu$ a proclamation t ! ,indians c\ld live !re z long z !y rema9$ peaceful & t !y 7 on _! own & t p>cel ( l& w\ld %[ z a body ( wat] on ! map ( ,l\isiana4 ,?is map c be f\nd 9 ! ar*ive ( ! /ate ,capitol today4 ,n[ ab\t t "t1 ,negro slaves 7 br\ght into ! ,s\?4 ,! :ite plantation own]s br\ght black slaves & began to let ! ,indians g z !y 7 n too good at "w4 ,s ! free ,indians _h no place to g b back to ! ,indian res]ve ) _! half bre$ ,fr5* & ,indian4 ,x 0 assum$ t is h[ ! ,*itima*as got _! names until today4 ,"s ( ! ones t _h escap$ />t$ to come back & "s did n4 ,"s rema9$ 9 ,plaquem9e :]e "s ( !m /ill %[ ! ,indian trace4 ,( c\rse1 !y are :ites today4 ,& t is h[ we ( today are desc5dants ( t bun* ( ,indians4 ,!re is no record ( h[ _m !re 74 ,we are a small tribe today4 ,n[ !re is n mu* said ab\t ! ,*ief4 ,x seems l !y liv$ )\t a *ief until ! late #agjj's :5 "o ,*ief1 ,s\li] ,r\ge1 seems l he acquir$ a pair ( r$ %oes4 ,someh[ ! ,fr5* />t$ call+ him ,s\li] ,r\ge4 ,8 fir/ "n 0 ,eug5e4 ,no?+ 0 said ab\t 8 reign4 ,only :5 he di$1 8 squaw took ov] 7,eug9ie7 & t is :5 ! l& />t$ to disappe>4 ,%e seems to be "o ( ^? ,indians t lick :ite man's boots j to be ) !m4 ,x is record$ t %e sold ,rose ,pecot #faj acres = #i4jj p] acre & a man by ! "n ( ,alex ,fr]e #fdj acres ( l&4 ,! record %[s t "s ( ! money 0 divid$ among "s ,indians at #dj4jj4 ,t is ! way x 0 record$ 9 ! ,c\rt ,h\se4 ,! names on ! record d n jive ) any "n ( ! n[ ,*itima*as4 ,somebody gave h] an old ,mexican silv] cr[n = a l>ge acreage1 b we _c f9d out :]e1 b we h ! cr[n4 ,& x is record$ t 9 #ahag !y leas$ #faj acres ( #ii ye>s4 ,t 0 #afh ye>s ago4 ,x is also record$ t l& 0 sold ! same ye> x 0 leas$--:i* ! sale is no good4 ,n[ my lawy] told me t aft] ! lease expires x _c be re-leas$ by ! same p>ty4 ,b we ,*itima*as are a nation ( p t are afraid to v5ture z we may make ! :ites mad1 & we seem z we d n want t4 ,we h ! money to rega9 t prop]ty1 b we d n tru/ lawy]s 9 ?is vic9ity z we ?9k !y w\ld "w = ! :ite in/ead ( ! ,indians1 :i* 0 prov5 9 ! p]iod ( #aijc to #aiaj4 ,"o :ite lawy] nam$ ,george ,dem]e/ & "o civil eng9e] nam$ ,fusili] contact$ ! ,indians /at+ t 7! agreem5t )7 ,s\li] ,r\ge & ,alex ,d>d5ne 0 illegal z !y c\ld n read or write1 t !y c\ld ga9 all t l& back = ! ,*itima*as4 7,i ?9k ,john ,paul might h be5 ,*ief !n47 ,! ,indians _h no money1 s x 0 agre$ t ,dem]e/ w\ld "w = "p ( ! l&4 ,x w\ld n co/ ! ,indians "o p5ny4 ,s ,i guess ! tribe1 ?9k+ t ! l& 0 lo/ anyh[1 s :atev] !y got back w\ld be okay4 ,s x 0 agre$ t ,dem]e/ w\ld get #d_/i ( ! l& = ! ,indians4 ,! legal pap]s 7 drawn & sign$ by bo? p>ties4 ,s ,dem]e/ took to c\rt 9 ,frankl94 ,z to be expect$1 he lo/ ! case4 ,s ! ,indians mu/ h be5 a little outdone1 b !y figur$ ! case 0 clos$4 ,b !y _h sign$ to give ,george ,dem]e/ #d_/i ( ! l&1 w9 or lose4 ,s ,dem]e/ took all ( ,georget[n4 ,fusili] survey$ ! l& & f\nd t x 0 ?ree acres %ort ( #d_/i1 s he came ov] & />t$ to measure ?ree acres on ,uncle ,regis' l&4 ,he 0 /opp$ by a %otgun po9t+ at 8 head & ord]$ to get (f4 ,s he did1 & !y ?\ght t 0 ! end ( x4 ,i c rememb] t incid5t4 ,!y w\ld laugh :5 !y said ,regis 0 go+ to %oot ,fusili]4 ,b :at !y did n "k 0 t ,dem]e/ took out a li5 on ! l&4 ,! ,indians ignor$ ! judgem5t until #aiaf1 :5 ,dem]e/ =eclos$ on ! l&1 :i* by n[ includ$ all ( ! ,*itima*a's l&4 ,! li5 0 to be sold on ! c\r?\se /eps4 ,n[ ,tante ,mi,mi 0 ,*ief ,b5 ,paul's wife4 ,%e 0 9 cahoots ) "o ,s>ah ,mc,ilhenny at ,av]y ,isl& 9 a basket trade4 ,miss ,s>ah w\ld buy all ! baskets ! ,*itima*a wom5 w\ld make4 ,! basket mak]s ga!r$ at ,tante ,mi,mi's & decid$ to write to ,miss ,s>ah & ask h] help4 ,be+ a v ri* woman1 !y 7 sure t %e w\ld help4 ,%e did n say %e w\ld or w\ld n4 ,%e s5t h] lawy] to ,frankl9 to pay (f ! mortgage1 & !re 0 no sale4 ,! l& belong$ to ,av]y ,isl&4 ,miss ,s>ah !n made arrangem5ts ) ,*ief ,b5 ,paul to r5t ! l& to "s f>m]s & pay h] back1 z %e did n want ! l&4 ,%e only want$ h] money back4 ,s ?is 0 done4 ,! *ief let "s ,negro f>m]s "w on %>e z !y _h no money to pay r5tal4 ,come h>ve/ "t1 ! ,*ief _h a b>n full ( corn & sweet potatoes & no m>ket4 ,! /uff j /ay$ !re & rott$4 ,he sold "s4 ,up to #aiah1 he _h sold & paid back #fjj4jj1 m or less4 ,9 ! meantime1 ,mc,ilhenny lawy]s 7 *eck+ ! title ( ! prop]ty & f\nd t ! sale 0 illegal z "s ( ! p _h title to ! l&1 & ! be/ ?+ = h] to d 0 to petition ! ,b4,i4,a4 7,bureau ( ,indian ,affairs7 to pay h] back & take ! l& 9 tru/ = ! ,indians4 ,! ,b4,i4,a4 hir$ a lawy] 9 ,frankl9 nam$ ,c4,j4 ,boatn] to transact ! deal 9 :i* he _h all ! ,indians sign ! l& ov] to ! gov]nm5t1 except "s 7 n available at ! "t4 ,:at ! ignorant ,indians did n "k 0 t ?is prop]ty 0 n a res]ve any m4 ,!y 7 giv+ title to ! l&1 & 7 pay+ taxes on _! prop]ty4 ,! !n ,*ief :o made ! deal ) ,dem]e/ did n h ! au?ority to sign any deal ) anyone4 ,s ! gov]nm5t took ov] "s private l& :i* is n lawful4 ,?is /atem5t is record$ 9 ! c\r?\se & c be made available anytime4 ,^! records are n 9 ,frankl91 z ,frankl9 is tw5ty miles f "h4 ,,previ\s ,,publications ,,ab\t ,,! ,,*itima*as ,hoov]1 ,h]b]t ,t4 ,! ,*itima*a ,p4 ,pho5ix3 ,indian ,tribal ,s]ies1 #aige4 ,kniff51 ,fr$4 ,! ,indians ( ,l\isiana4 ,baton ,r\ge3 ,l\isiana ,bureau ( ,educational ,mat]ials1 ,/ati/ics & ,rese>*1 ,college ( ,education1 ,l\isiana ,/ate ,univ]sity1 #aife4 ,orso1 ,e!lyn & ,e4 ,*>les ,plaisance4 8,*itima*a ,folklore10 ,l\isiana ,folklore ,miscellany1 vol4 ,,iii1 no4 #d 7#aige = #aigc71 pp4 #ce-da4 ,/\ff1 ,faye4 ,! ,*etima*as ( ,*>5ton4 ,booklet publi%$ by ,lafayette ,natural ,hi/ory ,museum1 #aigd4 ,/\ff1 ,faye & ,w4 ,bradley ,twitty4 ,sacr$ ,*itima*a ,indian ,beliefs4 ,pompano ,bea*1 ,florida3 ,twitty & ,twitty1 ,inc41 #aiga4 ,swanton1 ,john ,r4 ,indian ,tribes ( ! ,l[] ,mississippi ,valley & ! ,adjac5t ,coa/ ( ! ,gulf ( ,mexico4 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c43 ,smi?sonian ,in/itute1 ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nography1 ,bullet9 #dc1 #aiaa2 ,repr9t$ #aigj1 ,johnson ,repr9t ,corp4 ,taylor1 ,g]trude4 8,e>ly ,hi/ory ( ! ,*itima*a10 ,attakapas ,gazette1 vol4 ,,xvi1 no4 #b 7,summ] #aiha71 pp4 #fe-fi4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes --,sil5tly correct$ a few typos4 --,reta9$ publication in=mation f ! pr9t$ edition3 ?is e,book is public-doma9 9 ! c\ntry ( publication4 --,9 ! text v]sions only1 text 9 italics is delimit$ by und]scores4