,illustration3 ,c4 ,w4 ,lyons ,s4 ,j4 ,,oration ,,the ,,american ,,mind ,,by ,,rev4 ,,charles ,w4 ,,lyons1 ,s4 ,j4 ,,delivered ,,before ,,the ,,city ,,government ,,and ,,citizens ,,of ,,boston ,,in ,,faneuil ,,hall1 ,,on ,,the ,,one ,,hundred ,,and ,,forty-,,seventh ,,anniversary ,,of ,,the ,,declaration ,,of ,,independence ,,of ,,these ,,united ,,states1 ,,july #d1 #aibc ,illustration ,,city ,,of ,,boston ,,printing ,,department #aibc ,,the ,,american ,,mind4 ,,fourth ,,of ,,july ,,oration1 #aibc4 ,,by ,,rev4 ,,charles ,w4 ,,lyons1 ,s4 ,j4 ,in the evolution of any life1 whether it be that of an individual or of that corporate moral union we know as society1 there are times when it seems fitting and proper to pause from the whirl of incessant activities1 turn aside from accustomed line of thought1 and let the mind run sweetly and lovingly over a treasured past4 ,and today our beloved country1 in the fulness of her achievement1 with the memories of one hundred and forty-seven years1 one hundred and forty-seven golden years1 lived only that her children might grow1 as from eternity the ,creator had destined them to grow1 in the full security of rights that are inalienable4 ,today our beloved country turns to us children of a later generation and pleads that we follow this generous impulse of nature1 and tarry for the moment1 while she lives over again the thoughts and emotions and heroic sacrifices that gave her birth4 ,they were not new thoughts or unknown emotions4 ,as ,john ,quincy ,adams so well remarked in his scholarly discourse on the ,jubilee of the ,constitution3 8,the ,declaration of ,independence and the ,constitution of the ,united ,states are parts of one constant whole1 founded upon one and the same theory of government1 then new not as a theory1 for it had been working itself into the mind of man for many ages1 but it had never before been adopted by a great nation40 ,moses1 as narrated in ,deuteronomy1 had charged the judges in ,israel3 8,there shall be no difference of persons2 you shall hear the little as well as the great2 neither shall you respect any man's person1 because it is the judgment of ,god40 ,aristotle had taught that1 8the ,state is not merely an institution for repressing vice1 but a necessary formation for the full development of humanity40 ,in the ,magna ,charter the germ of true liberty and equality is seen in the pledges of the king to his people3 8,we will not set forth against any freeman1 nor send against him1 unless by the lawful judgment of his peers and by the law of the land2 to no one will we sell1 to no one will we refuse or delay right or justice40 ,the medival councils1 the military orders1 the guilds1 followed centuries after by the contract of the ,pilgrim ,fathers made in the cabin of the 8,mayflower0 in which they 8covenanted and combined themselves into a civil body politic for their better order and preservation10 as well as the charters of the ,providence ,plantations1 of ,virginia1 and of ,maryland1 had accustomed the people to joint action of mutual compact and deliberate agreement in defense of liberty and justice which1 after all1 is the mother of democracy4 ,while the schoolmen1 with scarcely an exception1 as ,sidwick tells us1 taught that1 8governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed40 8,every constitution10 says ,nicholas of ,cusa1 three and a half centuries before the ,declaration of ,independence1 8is rooted in natural law and cannot be valid if it contradicts it40 8,since all are free by nature10 he continues1 8all government1 whether by written law or a prince1 is based solely on the agreement and consent of the subject4 ,for if by nature men are equally powerful and free1 true and ordered power in the hands of one can be established only by the election and consent of the others1 just as law also is established by consent40 8,it is clear1 therefore10 he adds1 8that the binding validity of all constitutions is based on tacit and expressed agreement and consent40 ,and although ,elizabeth had asserted in #aehe that 8kings and princes sovereign owe their homage and service only to ,almighty ,god10 and ,james defended the ,divine ,right of ,kings1 and the ,university of ,cambridge1 in its address to ,charles ,,ii1 had declared that they believed and maintained that 8our kings derive not their title from the people but from ,god10 8,defenders of ,liberty0 were not wanting1 ,bellarmine declaring boldly1 as ,sir ,robert ,filmer tells us1 that 8secular or civil power is instituted by men2 it is in the people unless they bestow it on a prince4 ,this power is immediately in the whole multitude as in the subject of it4 ,for this power is in the ,divine ,law1 but the ,divine ,law hath given this power to no particular men2 if the positive law be taken away1 there is left no reason why amongst a multitude 7who are equal7 one rather than another should bear rule over the rest4 ,power is given by the multitude to one man or to more by the same law of nature2 for the commonwealth cannot exercise this power1 therefore it is bound to bestow it upon some one man or some few4 ,it depends upon the consent of the multitude to ordain over themselves a king or consul or other magistrates4 ,and if there be a lawful cause1 the multitude may change the kingdom into an aristocracy or democracy40 ,these thoughts and emotions1 expressed and re-expressed by the writers1 philosophers and political leaders of their day1 had seeped down through the ages unactuated1 mere themes for academic speculation1 until they filtered into the minds and souls of those simple1 yet truly great men1 who1 in signing the ,declaration of ,independence1 gave birth to the nation we so rightfully cherish and so lovingly serve4 ,in a letter to his friend ,henry ,lee1 dated ,may #h1 #ahbe1 ,jefferson1 as if in confirmation of what we have just held1 notes that the object of the ,declaration of ,independence was 8not to find out new principles1 or new arguments1 never before thought of1 not merely to say things which had never before been said2 but to place before mankind the common sense of the subject in terms so plain and firm as to command their assent and to justify ourselves in the independent stand we are compelled to take4 ,neither aiming at originality of principle or sentiment1 nor yet copied from any particular or previous writing1 it was intended to be an expression of the ,american mind1 and to give to that expression the proper tone and spirit called for by the occasion4 ,all its authority rests then on the harmonizing sentiments of the day1 whether expressed in conversation1 in letters1 printed essays1 or in the elementary books of public right1 as ,aristotle1 ,cicero1 ,locke1 ,sidney1 etc40 ,what1 then1 was this ,american mind1 that1 amid problems vexed and theories varied1 had sifted the wisdom and folly of the past1 discerning the true from the false1 the good from the evil1 and 8of which10 ,jefferson was pleased to say1 8the ,declaration of ,independence was intended to be an expression80 ,and what1 again1 was 8the proper tone and spirit called for by the occasion0 that the ,declaration of ,independence was to give to this expression of the ,american mind8 ,if we look more closely at the type of men whose united action founded our nation the answer to this question will not be far to seek4 ,they1 like many of us here today1 were either immigrants or the immediate descendants of immigrants4 ,they differed in origin1 in education1 in race1 and in creed4 ,they had the traditions1 the affections1 the prejudices of their times and of their peoples4 ,yet in common they had left home and country1 led on by a vision or an ideal that made a fitting basis for the union that was to come4 ,they would break away from an effete civilization2 they would start life anew1 freed from the tyranny of unjust laws2 they would enjoy liberty to worship their ,god according to the dictates of their own conscience2 they would exercise1 without unwarranted interference1 their natural and inalienable right to the pursuit of happiness4 ,crossing1 as they did1 the same unknown seas1 buffeted by the same winds and waves1 coming to the same uncultivated1 though not inhospitable shores1 their difficulties1 their interests1 their common foe1 drew them together in mutual helpfulness1 in united enterprise1 and in common defense4 ,thus they came to know one another2 thus they learned to bear with one another2 thus they grew to love one another2 and understanding1 and tolerance1 and brotherly love developed the ,american mind4 ,so that1 when the occasion arose1 in proper tone and spirit1 it expressed itself in the immortal ,declaration of ,independence that solved the speculative problems of the past1 secured full enjoyment of liberty for its people1 and gave hope and inspiration to all mankind and for all time4 ,and shall we mar the beauty of her gift8 ,shall we1 forgetting our common interests1 our common enterprises1 our common foes1 destroy the unity of purpose and of action that is essential for individual and national prosperity8 ,shall we1 by misunderstanding1 by intolerance and hatred1 sully the luster of our heritage1 breaking the bondage of brotherhood8 ,ours is a most responsible trust4 ,we must hand it down to posterity sacred and intact4 ,capital must make truce with labor2 labor must make pact with capital2 each must measure even in the scales of justice4 ,the rights--inalienable rights--of man to life1 liberty and the pursuit of happiness1 must not be infringed4 ,the rights--natural and civic rights--of property must not be denied4 ,class prejudices1 racial pride1 assumed superiority1 must be dislodged from the minds of men1 that justice may function and equality and the dignity of human nature be sustained4 ,the home must be safeguarded1 and its sanctity preserved1 that our children be protected and grow--as nature destined them to grow--in wisdom and grace before ,god and man4 ,the school--the private and the public school--free as speech and the press are free--must be encouraged that our citizens may understand the ,constitution and our laws1 and in the full development of their intellectual faculties realize the burdens as well as the privileges of representative government4 ,the church1 the ,house of ,god1 must have its place of respect1 that our children may continue moral and grow in reverence for authority and for the divine and human law4 ,as ,hamilton wrote to ,washington1 on the occasion of his farewell address3 8,in all those dispositions which promote political happiness1 religion and morality are essential props40 ,this1 ,i take it1 is the message our beloved country would send to us today4 ,that we be men of ,american mind1 the mind that expressed itself in the ,declaration of ,independence1 the mind that was born of understanding1 tolerance1 and brotherly love1 the mind that didn't hesitate to say1 in the closing words of the great document that gave to us our nation1 8,for the support of this declaration1 with a firm reliance on the protection of ,divine ,providence1 we mutually pledge to each other our lives1 our fortunes and our sacred honor40 ,a ,,list ,,of ,,boston ,,municipal ,,orators4 ,,by ,c4 ,w4 ,,ernst4 ,,boston ,,orators ,,appointed ,,by ,,the ,,municipal ,,authorities4 ,for the ,anniversary of the ,boston ,massacre1 ,march #e1 #aggj4 ,,note4--,the ,fifth of ,march orations were published in handsome quarto editions1 now very scarce2 also collected in book form in #aghe and again in #ahjg4 ,the oration of #aggf was delivered in ,watertown4 #agga4--,,lovell1 ,,james4 #aggb4--,,warren1 ,,joseph4#b #aggc4--;,,church1 ,,benjamin4,b #aggd4--;,,hancock1 ,,john4,a#b #agge4--,,warren1 ,,joseph4 #aggf4--,,thacher1 ,,peter4 #aggg4--;,,hichborn1 ,,benjamin4 #aggh4--;,,austin1 ,,jonathan ,,williams4 #aggi4--,,tudor1 ,,william4 #aghj4--,,mason1 ,,jonathan1 ,,jun4 #agha4--;,,dawes1 ,,thomas1 ,,jun4 #aghb4--,,minot1 ,,george ,,richards4 #aghc4--,,welsh1 ,,thomas4 ,for the ,anniversary of ,national ,independence1 ,july #d1 #aggf4 ,,note4--,a collected edition1 or a full collection1 of these orations has not been made4 ,for the names of the orators1 as officially printed on the title pages of the orations1 see the ,municipal ,register of #ahij4 #aghc4--,,warren1 ,,john4#a #aghd4--;,,hichborn1 ,,benjamin4 #aghe4--;,,gardner1 ,,john4 #aghf4--;,,austin1 ,,jonathan ,,loring4 #aghg4--;,,dawes1 ,,thomas1 ,,jun4 #aghh4--,,otis1 ,,harrison ,,gray4 #aghi4--,,stillman1 ,,samuel4 #agij4--;,,gray1 ,,edward4 #agia4--;,,crafts1 ,,thomas1 ,,jun4 #agib4--;,,blake1 ,,joseph1 ,,jun4#b #agic4--;,,adams1 ,,john ,,quincy4#b #agid4--,,phillips1 ,,john4 #agie4--;,,blake1 ,,george4 #agif4--,,lathrop1 ,,john1 ,,jun4 #agig4--;,,callender1 ,,john4 #agih4--,,quincy1 ,,josiah4#bc #agii4--,,lowell1 ,,john1 ,,jun4#b #ahjj4--;,,hall1 ,,joseph4 #ahja4--,,paine1 ,,charles4 #ahjb4--;,,emerson1 ,,william4 #ahjc4--,,sullivan1 ,,william4 #ahjd4--;,,danforth1 ,,thomas4#b #ahje4--;,,dutton1 ,,warren4 #ahjf4--;,,channing1 ,,francis ,,dana4#d #ahjg4--,,thacher1 ,,peter4#be #ahjh4--,,ritchie1 ,,andrew1 ,,jun4#b #ahji4--,,tudor1 ,,william1 ,,jun4#b #ahaj4--,,townsend1 ,,alexander4 #ahaa4--,,savage1 ,,james4#b #ahab4--,,pollard1 ,,benjamin4#d #ahac4--,,livermore1 ,,edward ,,st4 ,,loe4 #ahad4--,,whitwell1 ,,benjamin4 #ahae4--,,shaw1 ,,lemuel4 #ahaf4--,,sullivan1 ,,george4#b #ahag4--;,,channing1 ,,edward ,,tyrrel4 #ahah4--;,,gray1 ,,francis ,,calley4 #ahai4--;,,dexter1 ,,franklin4 #ahbj4--,,lyman1 ,,theodore1 ,,jun4 #ahba4--,,loring1 ,,charles ,,greely4#b #ahbb4--;,,gray1 ,,john ,,chipman4 #ahbc4--;,,curtis1 ,,charles ,,pelham4#b #ahbd4--;,,bassett1 ,,francis4 #ahbe4--,,sprague1 ,,charles4#f #ahbf4--,,quincy1 ,,josiah4#g #ahbg4--,,mason1 ,,william ,,powell4 #ahbh4--,,sumner1 ,,bradford4 #ahbi4--;,,austin1 ,,james ,,trecothick4 #ahcj4--;,,everett1 ,,alexander ,,hill4 #ahca4--,,palfrey1 ,,john ,,gorham4 #ahcb4--,,quincy1 ,,josiah1 ,,jun4 #ahcc4--,,prescott1 ,,edward ,,goldsborough4 #ahcd4--;,,fay1 ,,richard ,,sullivan4 #ahce4--;,,hillard1 ,,george ,,stillman4 #ahcf4--,,kinsman1 ,,henry ,,willis4 #ahcg4--;,,chapman1 ,,jonathan4 #ahch4--,,winslow1 ,,hubbard4 8,the ,means of the ,perpetuity and ,prosperity of our ,republic40 #ahci4--;,,austin1 ,,ivers ,,james4 #ahdj4--,,power1 ,,thomas4 #ahda4--;,,curtis1 ,,george ,,ticknor4#h 8,the ,true ,uses of ,american ,revolutionary ,history40 #ahdb4--,,mann1 ,,horace4#i #ahdc4--;,,adams1 ,,charles ,,francis4 #ahdd4--;,,chandler1 ,,peleg ,,whitman4 8,the ,morals of ,freedom40 #ahde4--,,sumner1 ,,charles4#aj 8,the ,true ,grandeur of ,nations40 #ahdf4--,,webster1 ,,fletcher4 #ahdg4--;,,gary1 ,,thomas ,,greaves4 #ahdh4--;,,giles1 ,,joel4 8,practical ,liberty40 #ahdi4--;,,greenough1 ,,william ,,whitwell4 8,the ,conquering ,republic40 #ahej4--,,whipple1 ,,edwin ,,percy4#aa 8,washington and the ,principles of the ,revolution40 #ahea4--,,russell1 ,,charles ,,theodore4 #aheb4--,,king1 ,,thomas ,,starr4 8,the ,organization of ,liberty on the ,western ,continent40#ab #ahec4--;,,bigelow1 ,,timothy4#ac #ahed4--,,stone1 ,,andrew ,,leete4#b 8,the ,struggles of ,american ,history40 #ahee4--,,miner1 ,,alonzo ,,ames4 #ahef4--,,parker1 ,,edward ,,griffin4 8,the ,lesson of '#gf to the ,men of '#ef40 #aheg4--;,,alger1 ,,william ,,rounseville4#ad 8,the ,genius and ,posture of ,america40 #aheh4--;,,holmes1 ,,john ,,somers4#b #ahei4--,,sumner1 ,,george4#dae #ahfj4--;,,everett1 ,,edward4 #ahfa4--,,parsons1 ,,theophilus4 #ahfb4--;,,curtis1 ,,thomas ,,ticknor4#h #ahfc4--;,,holmes1 ,,oliver ,,wendell4#af #ahfd4--,,russell1 ,,thomas4 #ahfe4--,,manning1 ,,jacob ,,merrill4 8,peace under ,liberty40#b #ahff4--,,lothrop1 ,,samuel ,,kirkland4 #ahfg4--;,,hepworth1 ,,george ,,hughes4 #ahfh4--;,,eliot1 ,,samuel4 8,the ,functions of a ,city40 #ahfi4--,,morton1 ,,ellis ,,wesley4 #ahgj4--;,,everett1 ,,william4 #ahga4--,,sargent1 ,,horace ,,binney4 #ahgb4--;,,adams1 ,,charles ,,francis1 ,,jun4 #ahgc4--,,ware1 ,,john ,,fothergill ,,waterhouse4 #ahgd4--;,,frothingham1 ,,richard4 #ahge4--;,,clarke1 ,,james ,,freeman4 8,worth of ,republican ,institutions40 #ahgf4--,,winthrop1 ,,robert ,,charles4#ag #ahgg4--,,warren1 ,,william ,,wirt4 #ahgh4--;,,healy1 ,,joseph4 #ahgi4--,,lodge1 ,,henry ,,cabot4 #ahhj4--,,smith1 ,,robert ,,dickson4#ah #ahha4--,,warren1 ,,george ,,washington4 8,our ,republic--,liberty and ,equality ,founded on ,law40 #ahhb4--,,long1 ,,john ,,davis4 #ahhc4--;,,carpenter1 ,,henry ,,bernard4 8,american ,character and ,influence40 #ahhd4--,,shepard1 ,,harvey ,,newton4 #ahhe4--;,,gargan1 ,,thomas ,,john4 #ahhf4--,,williams1 ,,george ,,frederick4 #ahhg4--;,,fitzgerald1 ,,john ,,edward4 #ahhh4--;,,dillaway1 ,,william ,,edward ,,lovell4 #ahhi4--,,swift1 ,,john ,,lindsay4#ai 8,the ,american ,citizen40 #ahij4--,,pillsbury1 ,,albert ,,enoch4 8,public ,spirit40 #ahia4--,,quincy1 ,,josiah4#bj 8,the ,coming ,peace40 #ahib4--,,murphy1 ,,john ,,robert4 #ahic4--,,putnam1 ,,henry ,,ware4 8,the ,mission of ,our ,people40 #ahid4--,o',,neil1 ,,joseph ,,henry4 #ahie4--;,,berle1 ,,adolph ,,augustus4 8,the ,constitution and the ,citizens40 #ahif4--;,,fitzgerald1 ,,john ,,francis4 #ahig4--;,,hale1 ,,edward ,,everett4 8,the ,contribution of ,boston to ,american ,independence40 #ahih4--,o',,callaghan1 ,,rev4 ,,denis4 #ahii4--,,matthews1 ,,nathan1 ,,jr4 8,be ,not ,afraid of ,greatness40 #aijj4--,o',,meara1 ,,stephen4 8,progress ,through ,conflict40 #aija4--;,,guild1 ,,curtis1 ,,jr4 8,supremacy and its ,conditions40 #aijb4--;,,conry1 ,,joseph ,a4 #aijc4--,,mead1 ,,edwin ,d4 8,the ,principles of the ,founders40 #aijd4--,,sullivan1 ,,john ,a4 8,boston's ,past and ,present4 ,what ,will ,its ,future ,be80 #aije4--;,,colt1 ,,le ,,baron ,,bradford4 8,america's ,solution of the ,problem of ,government40 #aijf4--;,,coakley1 ,,timothy ,,wilfred4 8,the ,american ,race3 ,its ,origin1 the ,fusion of ,peoples2 ,its ,aim1 ,fraternity40 #aijg4--;,,horton1 ,,rev4 ,,edward ,a4 8,patriotism and the ,republic40 #aijh4--;,,hill1 ,,arthur ,,dehon4 8,the ,revolution and a ,problem of the ,present40 #aiji4--,,spring1 ,,arthur ,,langdon4 8,the ,growth of ,patriotism40 #aiaj4--,,wolff1 ,,james ,,harris4 8,the ,building of the ,republic40 #aiaa4--;,,eliot1 ,,charles ,w4 8,the ,independence of #aggf and the ,dependence of #aiaa40 #aiab4--,,pelletier1 ,,joseph ,c4 8,respect for the ,law40 #aiac4--,,macfarland1 ,,grenville ,s4 8,a ,new ,declaration of ,independence40 #aiad4--,,supple1 ,,rev4 ,,james ,a4 8,religion3 ,the ,hope of the ,nation40 #aiae4--;,,brandeis1 ,,louis ,d4 8,true ,americanism40 #aiaf4--;,,chapple1 ,,joe ,,mitchell4 8,the ,new ,americanism40 #aiag4--;,,gallagher1 ,,daniel ,j4 8,americans ,welded by ,war40 #aiah4--;,,faunce1 ,,william ,h4 ,p4 8,the ,new ,meaning of ,independence ,day40 #aiai4--;,,decourcy1 ,,charles ,a4 8,real and ,ideal ,american ,democracy40 #aibj4--,,wiseman1 ,,jacob ,l4 8,america and its ,vital ,problem40 #aiba4--,,murlin1 ,,dr4 ,l4 ,h4 8,our ,great ,american40 #aibb4--;,,burke1 ,,dr4 ,,jeremiah ,e4 8,democracy and ,education40 #aibc4--,,lyons1 ,,rev4 ,,charles ,w41 ,s4 ,j4 8,the ,american ,mind40 ,,footnotes3 ,a ,reprinted in ,newport1 ,r4 ,i41 #aggd1 #hvo41 #ai pp4 ,b ,a third edition was published in #aggc4 #a ,reprinted in ,warren's ,life4 ,the orations of #aghc to #aghf were published in large quarto2 the oration of #aghg appeared in octavo2 the oration of #aghh was printed in small quarto2 all succeeding orations appeared in octavo1 with the exceptions stated under #ahfc and #ahgf4 #b ,passed to a second edition4 #c ,delivered another oration in #ahbf4 ,quincy's oration of #agih was reprinted1 also1 in ,philadelphia4 #d ,not printed4 #e ,on ,february #bf1 #ahaa1 ,peter ,thacher's name was changed to ,peter ,oxenbridge ,thacher4 7,list of ,persons whose ,names have been ,changed in ,massachusetts1 #aghj-ahib1 p4 #ba47 #f ,six editions up to #ahca4 ,reprinted also in his ,life and ,letters4 #g ,reprinted in his ,municipal ,history of ,boston4 ,see #agih4 #h ,delivered another oration in #ahfb4 #i ,there are five or more editions2 only one by the ,city4 #aj ,passed through three editions in ,boston and one in ,london1 and was answered in a pamphlet1 ,remarks upon an ,oration delivered by ,charles ,sumner4444 ,july #dth1 #ahde4 ,by a ,citizen of ,boston4 ,see ,memoir and ,letters of ,charles ,sumner1 by ,edward ,l4 ,pierce1 vol4 ii4 #ccg-chd4 #aa ,there is a second edition4 7,boston3 ,ticknor1 ,reed ,fields4 #ahej4 #di pp4 #abo47 #ab ,first published by the ,city in #ahib4 #ac ,this and a number of the succeeding orations1 up to #ahfa1 contain the speeches1 toasts etc41 of the ,city dinner usually given in ,faneuil ,hall on the ,fourth of ,july4 #ad ,probably four editions were printed in #aheg4 7,boston3 ,office ,boston ,daily ,bee #fj pp47 ,not until ,november #bb1 #ahfd1 was ,mr4 ,alger asked by the ,city to furnish a copy for publication4 ,he granted the request1 and the first official edition 7,j4 ,e4 ,farwell ,co41 #ahfd1 #ec pp47 was then issued4 ,it lacks the interesting preface and appendix of the early editions4 #ae ,there is another edition4 7,boston3 ,ticknor ,fields1 #ahei1 #fi pp47 ,a third 7,boston3 ,rockwell ,churchill1 #ahhb1 #df pp47 omits the dinner at ,faneuil ,hall1 the correspondence and events of the celebration4 #af ,there is a preliminary edition of twelve copies4 7,j4 ,e4 ,farwell ,co41 #ahfc4 7#g71 #ga pp47 ,it is 8the first draft of the author's address1 turned into larger1 legible type1 for the sole purpose of rendering easier its public delivery40 ,it was done by 8the liberality of the ,city ,authorities10 and is1 typographically1 the handsomest of these orations4 ,this resulted in the large-paper #ge-page edition1 printed from the same type as the #ga-page edition1 but modified by the author4 ,it is printed 8by order of the ,common ,council40 ,the regular edition is in #fj pp41 octavo size4 #ag ,there is a large paper edition of fifty copies printed from this type1 and also an edition from the press of ,john ,wilson ,son1 #ahgf4 #ee pp4 #ho4 #ah ,on ,samuel ,adams1 a statue of whom1 by ,miss ,anne ,whitney1 had just been completed for the ,city4 ,a photograph of the statue is added4 #ai ,contains a bibliography of ,boston ,fourth of ,july orations1 from #aghc to #ahhi1 inclusive1 compiled by ,lindsay ,swift1 of the ,boston ,public ,library4 #bj ,reprinted by the ,american ,peace ,society4 ,,transcriber',s ,,notes3 ,italicized text is surrounded by underscores3 italics4 ,superscripted characters are preceded by a carat character3 #abo4 ,obvious typographical errors have been corrected4 ,irregularities with the footnote numbering have been corrected4