,transcrib] ,note ,text emphasis is d5ot$ z ,italic4 ,,sweet ,,clov]3 ,,utilization ,h4 ,s4 ,,coe ,assi/ant ,agronomi/1 ,=age-,crop ,inve/igations ,illu/ration ,,f>m]s' ,,bullet9 #hbj ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,agriculture ,contribution f ! ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry ,,wm4 ,a4 ,,taylor1 ,*ief ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,may #aiag ,,wa%+ton 3 ,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice 3 #aiag ,,sweet ,,clov] may be utiliz$ = fe$+ purposes1 z pa/urage1 hay1 or ensilage4 ,) ! possible exception ( alfalfa on f]tile soil1 sweet clov]1 :5 prop]ly h&l$1 w furni% z mu* nutriti\s pa/urage f e>ly spr+ until late fall z any o!r legume4 ,x seldom causes bloat4 ,/ock may refuse to eat sweet clov] at fir/1 b ?is di/a/e c be ov]come by keep+ !m on a field ( "y plants = a few days4 ,z cattle crave dry r\ghage :5 pa/ur+ on sweet clov]1 !y %\ld h access to x4 ,/raw answ]s ?is purpose v well4 ,an acre ( sweet clov] ord9>ily w support #bj to #cj %oles4 ,on acc\nt ( ! succul5t gr[?1 x is (t5 difficult1 9 humid climates1 to cure ! fir/ crop ( ! second season into a good quality ( hay4 ,:5 se$$ )\t a nurse crop1 "o cutt+ ( hay may be obta9$ ! fir/ ye> 9 ! ,nor? & two or ?ree cull+s 9 ! ,s\?4 ,two cutt+s are (t5 obta9$ 9 ! ,s\? aft] gra9 h>ve/4 ,! second ye> a cutt+ ( hay & a se$ crop usually are h>ve/$4 ,sweet clov] %\ld nev] be p]mitt$ to %[ fl[] buds be=e x is cut = hay4 ,x is v important t ! fir/ crop ( ! second season be cut s high t a new gr[? w develop4 ,:5 ! plants h made a gr[? ( #cf to #dj in*es x may be necess>y to leave ! /ubble #aj to #ab in*es high4 ,9 cutt+ ! fir/ crop ( ! second season x is a good plan to h ext5sion %oe soles made = ! m[]1 s t a high /ubble may be left4 ,9 "s sections ( ! c\ntry sweet clov] z a silage plant is ga9+ 9 favor rapidly4 ,?is crop has giv5 excell5t results z a fe$ = cattle & %eep4 ,exp]im5ts %[ t x comp>es favorably ) alfalfa4 ,sweet clov] has prov$ to be a pr(itable soil-improv+ crop4 ,! l>ge1 deep roots add mu* humus to ! soil & improve ! a]ation & dra9age4 ,z a rule1 ! yield ( crops foll[+ sweet clov] is increas$ mat]ially4 ,be+ a bi5nial1 ?is crop l5ds itself readily to %ort rotations4 ,sweet clov] is a valuable honey plant1 9 t 9 all sections ( ! c\ntry x secretes an abundance ( nect>4 ,?is bullet9 discusses only1 ! utilization ( sweet clov]4 ,a discussion ( ! gr[+ ( ! crop may be f\nd 9 ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #gig4 ,,sweet ,,clov]3 ,,utilization4#a #a ,! gr[+ ( ?is crop has be5 discuss$ 9 a previ\s publication1 ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #gig1 entitl$ ,sweet ,clov]2 ,gr[+ ! ,crop4 ,,cont5ts4 ,page4 ,g5]al /atem5t ( ! uses ( sweet clov] #c ,sweet clov] z a pa/ure crop #d ,sweet clov] hay #aj ,sweet clov] z a silage crop #bj ,sweet clov] z a soil+ crop #bb ,sweet clov] z a fe$ #bc ,sweet clov] z a soil-improv+ crop #bh ,sweet clov] 9 rotations #ca ,sweet clov] z a honey plant #cb ,,g5]al ,,/atem5t ,,( ,,! ,,uses ,,( ,,sweet ,,clov]4 ,! utilization ( sweet clov] z a fe$ = all classes ( live /ock has increas$ rapidly 9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 ow+ prim>ily to ! excell5t results obta9$ by _m f>m]s :o h us$ ?is plant = pa/urage or hay1 & also to ! fact t fe$+ & dige/ion exp]im5ts conduct$ by agricultural exp]im5t /ations %[ t x is practically equal to alfalfa & r$ clov] z a fe$4 ,z a pa/ure plant1 sweet clov] is sup]ior to r$ clov]1 & possibly alfalfa1 z x seldom causes bloat1 w gr[ on poor soils1 & is dr\ght resi/ant4 ,! favorable results obta9$ f ! utilization ( ?is crop = pa/urage h done mu* to promote its culture 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,on acc\nt ( ! succul5t1 some:at /emmy gr[? ( ! fir/ crop ! second ye>1 difficulty is (t5 exp]i5c$ 9 cur+ ! hay 9 humid sections1 z x is necess>y to cut x at a "t :5 wea!r conditions are likely to be unfavorable4 ,:5 prop]ly cur$ ! hay is reli%$ by /ock4 ,at ! pres5t "t sweet clov] is us$ to only a limit$ ext5t = silage1 b its use = ?is purpose %\ld increase rapidly1 z ! results ?us f> obta9$ h be5 v satisfactory4 ,9 addition to ! value ( sweet clov] z a fe$1 x is "o ( ! be/ soil-improv+ crops adapt$ to %ort rotations :i* c be gr[n4 ,:5 cut = hay1 ! /ubble & roots rema9 9 ! soil1 & :5 pa/ur$1 ! uneat5 p>ts ( ! plants1 z well z ! manure made :ile animals are on pa/ure1 are add$ to ! soil & b5efit ! succe$+ crops4 ,9 addition to humus1 sweet clov]1 9 common ) all legumes1 adds nitrog5 to ! soil4 ,?is crop is gr[n 9 _m sections ( ! c\ntry prim>ily to improve soils1 & ! b5efits d]iv$ f x :5 h&l$ 9 ?is mann] h ju/ifi$ its use1 z ! yields ( succe$+ crops usually are increas$ mat]ially4 ,! diff]5t species ( sweet clov] are excell5t honey plants1 z !y produce nect> ov] a long p]iod 9 all sections ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4--;,cattle pa/ur+ on sweet clov]4 ,,sweet ,,clov] ,,z ,a ,,pa/ure ,,crop4 ,) ! possible exception ( alfalfa on f]tile soils1 no o!r legum9\s crop w furni% z mu* nutriti\s pa/urage f e>ly spr+ until late fall z sweet clov] :5 x is prop]ly h&l$4 ,live /ock :i* h nev] be5 f$ sweet clov] may refuse to eat x at fir/1 b ?is di/a/e is easily ov]come by turn+ !m on ! pa/ure 9 ! spr+1 z soon z ! plants />t gr[? 7fig4 #a74 ,_m cases are on record :]e /ock h pref]r$ sweet clov] to o!r =age plants4 ,! fact t x may be pa/ur$ e>li] 9 ! spr+ ?an _m =age plants & t x ?rives ?r\gh\t ! hot summ] mon?s makes x a valuable addition to ! pa/ures on _m f>ms4 ,sweet clov] is an especially valuable =age plant = poor soils :]e o!r crops make b little gr[?1 & x is ^u su* soils t ?\s&s ( acres ( ?is crop are furni%+ annually abundant pa/urage = all k9ds ( live /ock4 ,9 _m portions ( ! ,middle ,we/1 :]e ! conditions are simil> to ^? ( s\!a/]n ,kansas1 x bids fair to solve ! s]i\s pa/urage problems4 ,native pa/ures :i* w no long] provide m ?an a scant liv+ = a mature /e] on #d or #e acres1 :5 prop]ly se$$ to sweet clov] w produce suffici5t =age to c>ry at lea/ "o animal to ! acre ?r\gh\t ! season4 ,9 addition to ?is1 a crop ( hay or a se$ crop may be h>ve/$ f a portion ( ! l& :5 x is s f5c$ t ! /ock may be conf9$ to c]ta9 p>ts ( ! field at specific times4 ,l& :i* is too r\gh or too deplet$ = cultivation1 or p]man5t pa/ures :i* h become ?9 & we$y1 may be improv$ greatly by drill+ 91 aft] disk+1 a few p\nds ( sweet-clov] se$ p] acre4 ,n only w ! sweet clov] add consid]ably to ! quality & quantity ( ! pa/urage b ! gr[? ( ! grasses w be improv$ by ! addition ( l>ge quantities ( humus & nitrog5 to ! soil4 ,sweet clov] has prov$ to be an excell5t pa/ure crop on _m ( ! be/ f>ms 9 ! ,nor?-,c5tral ,/ates4 ,9 ?is "p ( ! c\ntry x may be se$$ alone & pa/ur$ f ! middle or latt] "p ( ,june until fro/1 or x may be s[n ) gra9 & pa/ur$ aft] h>ve/4 ,:5 sweet clov] has be5 se$$ two ye>s 9 succession on sep>ate fields1 ! field s[n ! fir/ ye> may be pa/ur$ until ! middle ( ,june1 :5 ! /ock %\ld be turn$ on ! spr+ se$+4 ,:5 h&l$ 9 ?is mann] excell5t pa/urage is provid$ ?r\gh\t ! summ]1 & a hay or se$ crop may be h>ve/$ f ! field se$$ ! previ\s season4 ,"s ( ! be/ pa/ures 9 ,i[a consi/ ( a mixture ( ,k5tucky bluegrass1 timo?y1 & sweet clov]4 ,on a f>m obs]v$ ne> ,delm>1 ,i[a1 /ock is pa/ur$ on mead[s conta9+ ?is mixture f ! fir/ "p ( ,april to ! middle ( ,june4 ,f ?is "t until ! fir/ "p ( ,septemb] ! /ock is kept on "o-half to two-?irds ! total pa/ure acreage4 ,! rema9d] ( ! pa/ure l& is p]mitt$ to mature a se$ crop4 ,aft] ! se$ crop is h>ve/$ ! /ock aga9 is turn$ on ?is acreage1 :]e !y fe$ on ! grasses & fir/-ye> sweet-clov] plants until cold wea!r4 ,! se$ :i* %att]s :5 ! crop is cut is usually suffici5t to rese$ ! pa/ures4 ,by h&l+ 8 pa/ure l& 9 ?is mann]1 ! own] ( ! f>m has always _h an abundance ( pa/ure & at ! same "t has obta9$ ea* ye> a crop ( #b to #d bu%els ( reclean$ se$ to ! acre f "o-?ird to "o-half ( 8 pa/ure l&4 ,?is sy/em has be5 9 op]ation on "o field = #bj ye>s & n until ! la/ two ye>'s has bluegrass %[$ a t5d5cy to cr[d out ! sweet clov]4 ,x is ess5tial t suffici5t /ock be kept on ! pa/ures to keep ! plants eat5 r closely1 s t at all times !re w be an abundance ( fre% %oots4 ,:5ev] ! fir/ crop ( ! second ye> is n ne$$ = hay or silage x c be us$ = no bett] purpose ?an pa/urage4 ,9 fact1 x is bett] to pa/ure ! fields until ! middle ( ,june1 z ?is af=ds "o ( ! mo/ economical & pr(itable ways ( h&l+ ! fir/ crop4 ,9 addition to its value = pa/ure1 graz+ induces ! plants to s5d out _m "y %oots close to ! gr\nd1 s t :5 ! plants are p]mitt$ to mature se$ a mu* l>g] numb] ( /alks are =m$ ?an w\ld be ! case if ! fir/ crop 7 cut = hay4 ,! hay crop is likely to be cut s close to ! gr\nd t ! plants w be kill$1 :]eas b little dang] ( kill+ ! plants arises f close pa/ur+ e>ly 9 ! season4 ,excell5t /&s ( sweet clov] w produce an abundance ( pa/urage = two to ?ree mature /e]s p] acre f e>ly spr+ to ! middle ( ,june4 ,cattle :i* are pa/ur+ on sweet clov] alone crave dry fe$4 ,/raw has be5 f\nd to satisfy ?is desire & /raw or hay %\ld be pres5t 9 ! mead[ at all times1 ,aft] /ock are remov$ f ! field x is an excell5t plan to g ov] x ) a m[]1 sett+ ! cutt] b> s z to leave ! /ubble #f to #h in*es high4 ,?is w ev5 up ! /&1 s t ! plants w rip5 se$ at approximately ! same date4 ,exp]im5ts by _m f>m]s 9 ! ,middle ,we/ %[ t sweet clov] is an excell5t pa/ure = dairy cattle4 ,:5 c[s are turn$ on sweet clov] f grass pa/ures ! fl[ ( milk is increas$ & its quality improv$4 ,o!r conditions be+ normal1 ?is increase 9 milk production w cont9ue ?r\gh\t ! summ]1 z ! plants produce an abundance ( gre5 =age dur+ ! hot1 dry mon?s :5 grass pa/ures are unproductive4 ,if pa/ures are h&l$ prop]ly !y w c>ry at lea/ "o milk c[ to ! acre dur+ ! summ] mon?s4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry sweet clov] has prov$ to be an excell5t pa/urage crop = hogs4 ,:5 x is utiliz$ = ?is purpose x usually is se$$ alone & pa/ur$ = two seasons4 ,! hogs may be turn$ on ! field ! fir/ ye> z soon z ! plants h made a #f-;in* gr[?4 ,f ?is "t until late fall an abundance ( =age is produc$1 z pa/ur+ induces ! plants to s5d out _m t5d]1 succul5t bran*es4 ,pa/ur+ ! second season may beg9 z soon z gr[? />ts 9 ! spr+4 ,if ! field is n closely graz$ ! second season x is advisable to clip x occasionally1 leav+ an #h-;in* /ubble1 s z to produce a m succul5t gr[?4 ,an acre ( sweet-clov] pa/ure ord9>ily w support #bj to #cj %otes 9 addition to furni%+ a tight cutt+ ( hay 7fig4 #b74 ,= ! be/ gr[? ( ! hogs1 !y %\ld be f$ ea* day #b p\nds ( gra9 p] hundr$weight ( ! /ock4 ,hogs are v fond ( sweet clov] roots & %\ld be r+$ be=e be+ turn$ on ! pa/ure4 ,! t5d5cy to root may g5]ally be ov]come by add+ "s prote9 to ! gra9 ration4 ,meat meal s]ves ?is purpose v well4 ,! ,i[a ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation conduct$ an int]e/+ pa/ur+ exp]im5t ) spr+ pigs 9 #aiaj1 ,9 ?is exp]im5t1 pigs weigh+ approximately #ch p\nds ea* 7 pa/ur$ = a p]iod ( #ada days on two plats ( r$ clov]1 a plat ( ,dw>f ,essex rape1 & a plat ( yell[ bi5nial sweet clov]4 ,! pigs pa/ur+ on ea* plat receiv$ a ration ( e> corn4 ,! ration giv5 to ! pigs on "o plat ( r$ clov] & on t ( rape 0 supplem5t$ ) meat meal to ! ext5t ( "o-t5? ( ! e> corn ration4 ,! fe$ giv5 to ! pigs pa/ur+ on sweet clov] 0 supplem5t$ ) meat meal at ! same rate dur+ only ! la/ #eg days ( ! te/4 ,! r$ clov] 0 se$$ 9 #aijh & rese$$ 9 #aiji1 s t ! plat conta9$ a v good /& ( plants at lea/ "o ye> old4 ,! sweet clov] 0 se$$ 9 ! spr+ ( #aiaj1 :ile ! rape 0 s[n on ,april #d1 #aiaj1 9 #bd-;in* r[s4 ,! pigs 7 turn$ on ! =age plats on ,june #bb4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4--;,hogs pa/ur+ on sweet clov]4 ,! results ( ?is exp]im5t1 z pres5t$ 9 ,table ,i1 %[ t sweet clov] c>ri$ m pigs to ! acre & produc$ *eap] ga9s & a great] net pr(it p] acre ?an ei!r r$ clov] or rape4 ,to judge f ! date ( se$+ ( ! plants te/$1 x 0 to be expect$ t ! pigs pa/ur+ on ! sweet clov] w\ld n ga9 z rapidly at fir/ z ^? pa/ur+ on ! o!r =age plants1 z ! gr[? ( ! sweet clov] at ?is "t 0 und\bt$ly mu* less ?an t ( ! o!r crops4 ,?is assumption is borne out by ! results giv5 = ! fir/ #hd days ( ! te/4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ! pigs on ! rape made a net ga9 ( #aa4ee p] acre & ^? on ! r$ clov] #f4hf p] acre m ?an ^? on ! sweet clov]4 ,9 ^! computations corn 0 valu$ at #ej c5ts p] bu%el & hogs at #f p] hundr$weight4 ,dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! exp]im5t !re 0 b a scant gr[? ( r$ clov] on ! plats1 :ile ! sweet clov] produc$ an abundance ( =age1 & dur+ ?is p]iod ( ! exp]im5t ! pigs pa/ur+ on sweet clov] made a net ga9 ( #aj4ad p] acre m ?an ^? pa/ur+ on r$ clov] & #ag4da p] acre m ?an ^? pa/ur+ on rape4 7,table ,i47 ,! diff]5ce 9 net pr(its probably w\ld h be5 great] _h :ite sweet clov] be5 us$ in/ead ( yell[ sweet clov]1 z x makes a l>g] gr[? & conta9s approximately ! same ratio ( food elem5ts4 ,table ,i4--,relative m]its ( ,dw>f ,essex rape1 r$ clov]1 & yell[ sweet clov] :5 pa/ur$ by spr+ pigs = #ada days1 ,june #bb to ,novemb] #aj1 #aiaj4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----- ,supplem5t>y fe$ requir$ ,total ,net = #ajj co/ pr(it ,initial ,total ,av]age p\nds ( ga94 ( #ajj p] ,numb] weight ga91 daily -------------- p\nds acre4#c ,=age te/$1 plat area1 ( p] all ga9 ,%ell$ ,meat ( & ration4 hogs4 hog4 hogs4 p] hog4 corn4 ,meal4 ga94#b ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----- ,p\nds4,p\nds4 ,p\nds4,p\nds4,p\nds4 ,rape 7,dw>f ,essex1 #j4i acre71 & e> corn#d plus "o-t5? meat meal4 #ah #cg4h #b1hja4g #a4aj #bib4e #cc4ii #c4gi 444444 ,r$uc$ to acre basis4 #bj 4444 #c1aac4j 4444 44444 44444 44444 #hh4fd ,clov] 7m$ium r$1 #j4h acre7 & e> corn alone#d4 #ae #ci4j #a1gij4j 4#hd #cgj4f ,none4 #c4ga 444444 ,r$uc$ to acre basis4 #ah4ge 4444 #b1bcg4e 4444 44444 44444 44444 #ea4bj ,clov] 7m$ium r$1 #j4h acre7 & e> corn#d plus "o-t5? meat meal4 #ae #ci4j #b1cid4j #a4ac #bii4c #cd4gg #c4hd 444444 ,r$uc$ to acre basis4 #ah4ge 4444 #b1iib4e 4444 44444 44444 44444 #fd4ee ,sweet clov]#e 7yell[ bi5nial1 #j4h acre7 & e> corn#d plus "o-t5? meat meal4 #ah #cg4h #b1eid4j #a4jb #cac4f #bd4gj #c4gj 444444 ,r$uc$ to acre basis4 #bb4fj 4444 #c1bdb4e 4444 44444 44444 44444 #gd4ej ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------ #b ,corn valu$ at #ej c5ts p] bu%el1 meat meal at #b4ej p] hundr$weight4 #c ,hogs valu$ at #f p] hundr$weight4 #d ,dur+ ! fir/ #hd days ( ! te/1 practically two-?irds ( ! "t1 a limit$ ration ( corn 0 giv51 :ile dur+ ! la/ #eg days ! pigs receiv$ a full fe$4 #e ,! pigs pa/ur+ on sweet clov] receiv$ meat meal only dur+ ! la/ #eg days ( ! exp]im5t4 ,an exp]im5t report$ by ! ,new ,j]sey ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation %[s t a mixture ( rape & sweet clov] makes an exceptionally f9e pa/ure = hogs4 ,9 ?is exp]im5t ! mixture ( rape & sweet clov] produc$ m pa/urage ?an alfalfa & 0 pref]r$ to alfalfa by ! hogs4 ,x 0 se$$ at ! rate ( #f p\nds ( ,dw>f ,essex rape & #aj p\nds ( sweet clov] to ! acre4 ,%eep reli% sweet clov] & make rapid ga9s :5 pa/ur$ on x4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to see t pa/ures are n ov]/ock$ ) %eep1 z !y are likely to eat ! plants s close to ! gr\nd z to kill !m4 ,?is is especially true ! fir/ ye>1 be=e ! plants h =m$ cr[n buds4 ,yell[ bi5nial sweet clov] probably w\ld n suff] f ?is cause z mu* z ! :ite species1 because ! plants make a m pro/rate gr[? & are n likely to be eat5 s closely to ! gr\nd4 ,horses & mules d well on sweet-clov] pa/ures4 ,on acc\nt ( ! high prote9 cont5t sweet clov] provides excell5t pa/urage = "y /ock4 ,no cases ( slobb]+ h be5 not$ ) horses4 ,,ta9t+ ,,milk ,,& ,,butt]4 ,milk may be ta9t$ occasionally :5 c[s are pa/ur+ on sweet clov]4 ,h[ev]1 ! l>ge majority ( f>m]s :o pa/ure sweet clov] on an ext5sive scale report v little or no tr\ble4 ,! flavor imp>t$ to milk at times is n dislik$ by all p1 z "s /ate t x is agreeable & does n h>m ! m>ket value ( dairy products 9 ! lea/4 ,?is tr\ble is exp]i5c$ = ! mo/ "p 9 ! e>ly spr+4 ,! ta9t+ ( milk may be avoid$ by tak+ ! c[s (f ! pa/ure two h\rs be=e milk+ & keep+ !m (f until aft] milk+ ! foll[+ morn+4 ,,bloat+4 ,unlike ! true clov]s & alfalfa1 sweet clov] seldom causes bloat2 9 fact1 ) ! exception ( ! summ] ( #aiae1 only a few au!ntic cases ( bloat h ?us f> be5 record$ 9 sections :]e l>ge acreages are pa/ur$ ) cattle & %eep4 ,a numb] ( cases ( bloat wore report$ 9 ,i[a dur+ ! abnormally wet season ( #aiae4 ,no satisfactory explanation = ?is comp>ative fre$om f bloat+ has be5 (f]$4 ,x is held by "s t ! c\m>9 9 ! plants prev5ts bloat+1 b ?is has n be5 e/abli%$ exp]im5tally4 ,,treatm5t ,,= ,,bloat4 ,cattle4--,if ! case ( bloat is n extreme1 x may be suffici5t to drive ! animals at a walk = a qu>t] or half an h\r4 ,9 urg5t cases ! gas mu/ be all[$ to escape )\t delay1 & ?is is be/ accompli%$ by ! use ( ! troc>4 ,9 select+ ! place = us+ ! troc>1 ! highe/ po9t ( ! di/5d$ flank equally di/ant f ! la/ rib & ! po9t ( ! hip mu/ be *os54 ,"h an incision ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* long %\ld be made ) a knife ?r\gh ! sk91 & !n ! %>p po9t ( ! troc>1 be+ direct$ d[nw>d1 inw>d1 & slightly =w>d1 is ?ru/ into ! paun*4 ,! %ea? ( ! troc> %\ld be left 9 ! paun* z long z any gas cont9ues to issue f x4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( a troc> an incision may be made ) a small-blad$ knife & a quill us$ to p]mit ! gas to escape4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to see t ! quill does n "w d[n out ( sight into ! incision4 ,ano!r rem$y consi/s 9 ty+ a l>ge bit1 ! diamet] ( a pit*=k h&le1 9 ! m\?1 s t a piece ( rubb] tub+ may be pass$ ?r\gh ! m\? to ! fir/ /oma* to all[ ! gas to escape4 ,:5 ! animal is n di/ress$ & ! swell+ ( ! flank is n great1 or :5 ! mo/ di/ress+ condition has be5 remov$ by ! use ( ! troc>1 x is be/ to adm9i/] int]nal m$ic9e4 ,two ounces ( aromatic spirits ( ammonia %\ld be giv5 e half h\r 9 a qu>t ( cold wat]1 or half an ounce ( *lorid ( lime may be dissolv$ 9 a p9t ( tepid wat] & ! dose repeat$ e half h\r until ! bloat+ has subsid$4#f #f ,see ,diseases ( ,cattle1 a special report ( ! ,bureau ( ,animal ,indu/ry4 ,= acute bloat+ ! ,k5tucky ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation recomm5ds #a qu>t ( a #a-a_/b p] c5t solution ( =mal91 foll[$ by plac+ a wood5 block 9 ! animal's m\? & by g5tle ex]cise if ! animal c be gott5 up4 ,%eep4--,gas may be remov$ quickly f bloat$ %eep by us+ a small troc>4 ,! seat ( ! op]ation is on ! mo/ prom95t portion ( ! left flank4 ,,sweet-,,clov] ,,hay4 ,:5 sweet-clov] hay is cut at ! "r "t & cur$ prop]ly x is eat5 readily by all classes ( live /ock4 ,z ! hay is ri* 9 prote91 gr[+ /ock make ga9s on x comp>able to ! ga9s ( ^? f$ on alfalfa4 ,! quantity & quality ( ! milk produc$ :5 ! hay is f$ to c[s are approximately ! same z :5 o!r legumes are us$4 ,hay :i* is cut ! fir/ ye> is f9e /emm$ & leafy & resembles alfalfa 9 g5]al appe>ance4 ,unless x is cut at ! prop] "t ! second ye>1 x w be /emmy & unpalatable4 ,fe$+ exp]im5ts %[ t x conta9s practically z mu* dige/ible prote9 z alfalfa & m ?an r$ clov]1 b ! hay is n z palatable z r$ clov] or alfalfa :5 ! plants are p]mitt$ to become co>se & woody4 ,:5 sweet clov] is se$$ 9 ! spr+ )\t a nurse crop 9 ! nor!rn & we/]n sections ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 a cutt+ ( hay may be obta9$ ! same autumn4 ,:5 x is se$$ ) a nurse crop 9 ^! regions1 ! ra9fall dur+ ! late summ] & e>ly fall w l>gely det]m9e :e!r ! plants w make suffici5t gr[? to be cut = hay4 ,on f]tile1 well-lim$ soils 9 ! ,ea/1 9 ! ea/]n ,nor?-,c5tral ,/ates1 9 ,i[a1 & 9 ea/]n ,kansas a cutt+ ( hay is commonly obta9$ aft] gra9 h>ve/ :5 ! ra9fall is normal or above normal4 ,9 _m sections ( ! c\ntry two1 & at times ?ree1 cutt+s ( hay may be obta9$ ! second ye> 7fig4 #c74 ,9 ! ,s\? two1 & sometimes ?ree1 cutt+s may be obta9$ ! fir/ ye> if ! se$+ is done )\t a nurse crop4 ,:5 ! se$ is s[n 9 ! spr+ ) oats1 two cutt+s may be secur$ aft] oat h>ve/4 ,?ree cutt+s may be obta9$ ! second ye>1 al?\gh x is ! common practice to cut ! fir/ crop = hay & ! second crop = se$4 ,,yields ,,( ,,sweet-,,clov] ,,hay4 ,! total yields ( sweet clov] p] acre = ! season are usually less ?an ^? ( alfalfa except 9 ! semi>id unirrigat$ portions ( ! c\ntry4 ,sweet clov] ord9>ily yields m to ! acre ?an any ( ! true clov]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4--;,cutt+ sweet clov] = hay 9 we/]n ,kansas4 ,:5 ! se$ is s[n 9 ! spr+ 9 ! ,nor? )\t a nurse crop1 yields ( #a to #c tons ( hay ( good quality may be expect$ ! foll[+ autumn1 ,! ,massa*usetts ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation obta9$ #b1gjj p\nds ( hay p] acre 9 ! fall f spr+ se$+1 :ile ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture obta9$ #c1jjj p\nds ( hay p] acre 9 ,augu/ f ,may se$+ 9 ,m>yl&4 ,yields ( #a to #b tons1 & occasionally #c tons1 h be5 obta9$ 9 ,mi*igan1 ,ill9ois1 ,i[a1 ,kansas1 ! ,dakotas1 & o!r ,/ates4 ,9 ,ill9ois1 ,i[a1 & ,kansas yields ( #a to #a-a_/b tons are (t5 obta9$ aft] gra9 h>ve/ :5 wea!r conditions are favorable4 ,! fir/ crop ! second season yields #a-a_/b to #c tons ( hay to ! acre 9 ! nor!rn & we/]n sections ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! second crop ( ! second season w yield f ?ree-f\r?s to #a-a_/b tons to ! acre1 al?\gh ?is crop usually is cut = se$4 ,:5 sweet clov] is se$$ 9 ! ,s\? )\t a nurse crop on fairly f]tile soil t is n acid1 ?ree cutt+s ( hay1 av]ag+ at lea/ a ton to ! cutt+1 may be secur$ ! ye> ( se$+4 ,:5 ! se$ is s[n 9 ! e>ly spr+ on w9t] gra91 two cutt+s1 yield+ at lea/ #a ton to ! cutt+1 may be obta9$4 ,! fir/ crop ! second season yields on an av]age #a-a_/b to #c tons ( hay to ! acre4 ,9 #aijc ! ,alabama ,canebrake ,/ation obta9$ #b-a_/b tons ( hay aft] oat h>ve/ & a total yield ( #c tons p] acre f ! same field 9 #aijd4 ,,"t ,,to ,,cut ,,sweet ,,clov] ,,= ,,hay4 ,! fir/ season's gr[? ( sweet clov] does n usually get co>se & woody & !re=e may be cut :5 x %[s its maximum gr[? 9 ! fall1 ,9 regions :]e m ?an "o crop may be obta9$ ! fir/ season1 ! fir/ crop %\ld be cut :5 ! plants h made ab\t a #cj-;in* gr[?4 ,! prop] "t to cut ! fir/ crop ! second season w v>y consid]ably 9 diff]5t localities1 dep5d+ v mu* ^u ! ra9fall1 ! temp]ature1 & ! f]tility ( ! soil4 ,9 no ev5t %\ld ! plants be p]mitt$ to %[ fl[] buds or to become woody4 ,9 ! semi>id sections ( ! c\ntry sweet clov] does n gr[ z rapidly z 9 m humid regions4 ,nei!r d ! plants gr[ z rapidly on poor soils z ^u f]tile soils4 ,9 ! dri] sections ! be/ results usually are obta9$ by cutt+ ! fir/ crop :5 ! plants h made a gr[? ( #bd to #cj in*es4 ,on f]tile1 well-lim$ soils 9 _m sections ( ! c\ntry a v rapid gr[? is made 9 ! spr+1 & (t5 ! plants w n %[ fl[] buds until !y are ab\t #e feet high4 ,on su* soils x is v ess5tial t ! fir/ crop be cut :5 ! plants h made no m gr[? ?an #cj to #cb in*es if hay is desir$ :i* is n /emmy & if a second gr[? is to be expect$4 ,,height ,,( ,,/ubble ,,to ,,be ,,left ,,:5 ,,cutt+ ,,= ,,hay4 ,x is n necess>y to leave m ?an an ord9>y /ubble :5 cutt+ ! sweet-clov] hay crop 9 ! fall ( ! ye> ( se$+4 ,a /ubble #d or #f in*es 9 height1 h[ev]1 w s]ve to hold drift+ sn[ & und\bt$ly w be ( "s help 9 protect+ ! plants f w9t] injury4 ,:ile sweet clov] )\t "q is m h>dy ?an r$ clov]1 usually m or less w9t]kill+ occurs1 & any protection :i* may be af=d$ dur+ cold wea!r w be ( consid]able b5efit4 ,:ile ! fir/ crop 9 ! second ye> comes f ! cr[n buds1 ! new bran*es :i* produce ! second crop ( ! second ye> come f ! buds =m$ 9 ! axils ( ! leaves on ! l[] portions ( ! /alks :i* con/itute ! fir/ crop1 z %[n 9 figure #d4 ,^! bran*es usually comm5ce gr[? :5 ! plants are ab\t #bd in*es high4 ,9 fields :]e ! /& is heavy & :]e ! l[] portions ( ! plants are d5sely %ad$1 ^! %oots are soon kill$ f lack ( necess>y light4 7,figs4 #d & #e47 ,! bran*es :i* are fir/ to appe> & :i* are fir/ to be kill$ are ^? close/ to ! gr\nd4 ,x is !re=e v important :5 cutt+ ?is crop to cut ! plants high en\gh f ! gr\nd to leave on ! /ubble a suffici5t numb] ( buds & "y bran*es to produce a second crop4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4--,sweet-clov] plants1 %[+ ! direct relation t exi/s betwe5 ! ?ickness ( /&1 ! "t ( cutt+1 & ! height at :i* ! /ubble mu/ be cut if a second crop is to be expect$4 ,! plant at ! left 0 cut #aj day lat] ?an ! plant at ! "r4 ,note ! height at :i* x 0 necess>y to cut ?is plant s t a second crop w\ld develop & also ! sc>s on ! /ubble :]e "y %oots _h />t$ e>li] & 7 kill$ f lack ( sunlight4 ,:5 ! /& is ?9 ! "y %oots w survive1 z !y did on ! plant at ! "r1 ev5 ?\gh ! field is cut at a lat] date4 ,exam9ation ( hundr$s ( acres ( sweet clov] 9 diff]5t sections ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates dur+ ! summ]s ( #aiae & #aiaf %[$ t ! /& on at lea/ #ej p] c5t ( ! fields 0 p>tly or entirely kill$ by cutt+ ! fir/ crop ! second season too close to ! gr\nd4 ,a direct relation exi/s betwe5 ! ?ickness ( ! /&1 ! height ( ! plants1 & ! height at :i* ! /ubble %\ld be cut if a second crop is to be h>ve/$4 ,x is v ess5tial to exam9e ! fields c>efully be=e m[+1 s z to det]m9e ! height at :i* ! plants %\ld be cut 9 ord] to leave at lea/ "o heal?y bud or "y bran* on ea* /ub4 ,9 fact1 ! /& %\ld be cut sev]al in*es above ! "y %oots or buds1 ! /ubble may die back f #a to #c in*es if ! plants are cut dur+ damp or ra9y wea!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4--,/ubble ( sweet clov] collect$ 9 fields :]e #ij p] c5t ( ! plants _h be5 kill$ by cutt+ too closely to ! gr\nd4 ,! heavy /&s 9 ^! fields 7 n cut until ! plants _h made a gr[? ( #cf to #dj in*es4 ,note ! sc>s on ! /ubble :]e "y %oots />t$1 b di$ f lack ( light4 ,:5 fields ( sweet clov] conta9 only a m$ium-heavy /& & :5 ! plants h made no m ?an a #cj-;in* gr[?1 a #e to #f in* /ubble usually w be suffici5t to insure a second crop1 b :]e fields conta9 heavy /&s--#ae to #be plants to ! squ>e foot--x may be necess>y to leave an #h-;in* /ubble4 ,9 _m fields exam9$ 9 nor!rn ,ill9ois 9 ,june1 #aiaf1 heavy /&s _h be5 p]mitt$ to make a gr[? ( #cf to #dj in*es be=e cutt+4 ,9 a numb] ( ^! fields a v l>ge p]c5tage ( ! plants 7 kill$ :5 an #h to #ab in* /ubble 0 left4 7,see fig4 #e47 ,a c>eful exam9ation ( su* fields %[$ t ! "y bran*es _h />t$ on ! l[] portions ( ! /alks & _h di$ f lack ( light be=e cutt+4 ,9 semi>id regions1 :]e ! plants d n make z rapid gr[? z 9 humid sections1 !y may1 z a rule1 be clipp$ some:at clos] to ! gr\nd )\t injury4 ,on acc\nt ( ! diff]5ce 9 ! gr[? t sweet clov] makes on diff]5t types ( soil & on acc\nt ( ! diff]5ce 9 ! ?ickness ( ! /& obta9$ 9 diff]5t fields1 x is impossible to give any def9ite rule z to ! prop] height to cut ! fir/ crop4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4--,%oe sole to be plac$ on ! inn] %oe ( ! m[]1 s t a high /ubble may be left :5 m[+ sweet clov]3 ,a1 ,end view ( ! back "p ( ! sole2 ,b1 side view ( ! sole1 %[+ g5]al %ape2 ,c1 %ape ( ! front end ( ! pole :5 x is to be us$ on m[]s hav+ %oes ( ! type us$ on ,de]+ ma*9es2 ,d1 =w>d end ( ! sole repres5t$ 9 ,b4 ,! t[>d end ( ! sole %[n 9 ,b & ,d %\ld be made = ma*9es hav+ %oes ( ! type us$ on ,mc,cormick m[]s4 ,,m[] ,,*anges ,,= ,,cutt+ ,,sweet ,,clov]4 ,x is good practice to replace ! %oe soles ( ! m[] ) high] adju/able soles1 s t a /ubble up to #ab in*es 9 height may be left :5 cutt+ sweet clov]1 ,%oe soles su* z are %[n 9 figures #f & #g may be made on any f>m provid$ ) a blacksmi?'s =ge1 or !y c be made at any blacksmi? %op at a co/ :i* %\ld n exce$ #b4ej4 ,pref]ably !y %\ld be ( /rap iron1 ab\t "o-f\r? ( an in* ?ick & #b in*es wide2 h[ev]1 old pieces ( iron or /eel :i* may be f\nd on ! f>m w s]ve ! purpose4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4--,%oe sole to be ,us$ on ! out] %oe ( ! m[]1 s t a high /ubble may be left :5 cutt+ sweet clov]2 ,a1 ,end view ( ! back "p ( ! sole2 ,b1 side view ( ! sole1 %[+ g5]al %ape2 ,c1 =w>d end ( ! sole to be us$ on c]ta9 ,de]+ ma*9es2 ,d1 end view ( ! front "p ( sole %[n 9 ,b4 ,!n ^! soles are to be plac$ on ma*9es t h %oes ( ! type us$ on ! ,de]+ m[]1 ! =w>d #h in*es ( ! sole = ! inn] %oe %\ld be tap]$ gradually to a blunt po9t & b5t 9 su* a mann] t x w hook into ! slot 9 ! %oe4 7,fig4 #f1 ,c47 ,:5 ! soles are to be plac$ on m[]s hav+ %oes ( ! type us$ on ,mc,cormick ma*9es1 ! =w>d #h in*es ( ! sole = ! inn] %oe %\ld be tap]$ gradually to ab\t #a in* 9 wid?1 b5t =w>d s t x w fit aga9/ t portion ( ! %oe :]e x is to be bolt$1 & h a hole ( ! prop] size bor$ = ! bolt ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* f ! end4 7,fig4 #f1 ,b & ,d47 ,! bottom ( ! sole %\ld be r\nd$1 s z to run smoo?ly on ! gr\nd :5 ! cutt] b> is rais$ to cut at diff]5t heights4 ,! back portion ( ! sole %\ld be upright & %\ld h holes bor$ 9 x1 s t x may be set = ! cutt] b> to re/ at diff]5t heights f ! gr\nd4 ,pref]ably ! l[] hole ( ! upright %\ld be locat$ s t :5 ! bolt 9 ! %oe is run ?r\gh x ! cutt] b> w be #f in*es f ! gr\nd4 ,x %\ld be long en\gh to p]mit f\r or five holes1 #a in* ap>t1 to be bor$ above ! l[] "o4 7,fig4 #f1 ,a47 ,) "s makes ( ma*9es x is n advisable to raise ! cutt] b> high] ?an #aj in*es f ! gr\nd1 b :5 ?is is true ! cutt] b> may be tipp$ upw>d1 s t a #ab-;in* /ubble is left4 ,! =w>d end ( ! %oe sole to be us$ on ! out] %oe %\ld be tap]$ gradually to #a in* f ! end4 ,! =w>d in* %\ld be "o-f\r? ( an in* 9 wid? & b5t slightly upw>d & inw>d1 s t a hook w be =m$ to fit into ! slot 9 ! front end ( ! %oe4 7,fig4 #g1 ,b47 ,! re/ ( ! sole %\ld curv$1 s t x w run smoo?ly on ! gr\nd :5 ! cutt] b> is set to cut at diff]5t heights4 ,! upright :i* is bolt$ to ! sole %\ld pref]ably be made ( ?ree-eigh?s by #a in* mat]ial & %\ld h six holes1 #a in* ap>t1 bor$ 9 x1 s t ! out] end ( ! cutt] b> may be rais$ to ! same height z ! inn] end4 ,on practically all /&>d makes ( m[]s ! out] %oe sole hooks into ! %oe in/ead ( bolt+ to x1 z is ! case ) ! inn] sole on "s ma*9es4 ,a :eel is us$ 9 place ( a %oe sole on ! out] end ( ! cutt] b> on "s ma*9es4 ,:5 ?is is ! case1 ! upright to :i* ?is :eel is atta*$ %\ld be l5g!n$4 ,on o!r ma*9es ! =w>d end ( ! sole hooks into a slot 9 ! %oe 9 ! same mann] z ! inn] sole4 ,9 ?is ev5t ! front end ( ! sole %\ld be b5t slightly upw>d & outw>d4 7,fig4 #g1 ,c47 ,be=e %oe soles are made = any m[] a c>eful exam9ation %\ld be made ( ! %oes to det]m9e ! exact size requir$ & ! mann] 9 :i* !y %\ld be atta*$ to ! =w>d ends ( ! %oes4 ,,cur+ ,,& ,,h&l+ ,,sweet-,,clov] ,,hay4 ,"o ( ! greate/ difficulties 9 cur+ sweet clov] is ! fact t ! plants usually are ready to be cut = hay at a "t ( ! ye> :5 wea!r conditions are likely to be unfavorable = haymak+4 ,little tr\ble is exp]i5c$ 9 cur+ ?is crop 9 ! dri] sections ( ! c\ntry :]e ! me?ods us$ = alfalfa are employ$4 ,! cur+ ( sweet clov] is m difficult ?an ! cur+ ( ei!r r$ clov] or alfalfa1 z ! leaves are v apt to %att] be=e ! /ems are cur$4 ,e possible means %\ld be employ$ to save ! leaves1 z ^! con/itute ! be/ "p ( ! hay4 7,see ,table ,,ii47 ,table ,,ii4--,av]age analyses ( ! leaves ( f\r samples ( well-cur$ :ite sweet-clov] hay4 ,analyses made by ! ,bureau ( ,*emi/ry4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,con/itu5ts 7p] c5t74 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,samples4 ,moi/ure4 ,a%4 ,e!r ,prote94 ,crude ,nitrog5-free extract4 fib]4 extract4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,leaves4 #h4gj #aj4ib #c4ji #bh4bj #i4bh #ci4gh ,/ems4 #h4gj #h4jh 4#gj #aj4af #ci4de #cc4jf ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,! hay collect$ = ! above analyses repres5t$ ! fir/ cutt+ ! second season4 ,! plants _h made a #cj to #cf in* gr[? at ! "t ( cutt+4 ,x w be se5 t ! prote9 cont5t ( ! leaves is almo/ ?ree times z great z t ( ! /ems4 ,9 ! dri] sections ( ! c\ntry or :5 ! fir/ crop ( ! ye> ( se$+ is cut = hay 9 ! ,nor?-,c5tral ,/ates ! m[] may be />t$ 9 ! morn+ z soon z ! dew is (f4 ,! hay %\ld rema9 9 ! swa? until ! foll[+ day1 or until x is well wilt$1 :5 x %\ld be rak$ into small w9dr[s4 ,aft] rema9+ 9 ! w9dr[s = a day x may be plac$ 9 small cocks to cure4 ,cocks made f hay :i* has dri$ to ?is /age w n %$ wat] well & !re=e %\ld be cov]$ if x is likely to ra94 ,x is important t ! cocks be made small en\gh to be ?r[n on ! rack entire1 z _m leaves w be lo/ if x is necess>y to te> !m ap>t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4--,sweat clov] cur+ 9 ! cock4 ,:5 sweet clov] is p]mitt$ to dry 9 ! swa?1 a l>ge p]c5tage ( ! leaves w be lo/ 9 w9dr[+ & load+ unless h&l$ ) ! utmo/ c>e4 ,hay 9 ?is condition %\ld nev] be rak$ :ile p]fectly dry & brittle1 b %\ld be rak$ into ! w9dr[ 9 ! e>ly morn+ or 9 ! ev5+1 :5 x is slightly damp f dew4 ,x may !n be haul$ to ! b>n or /ack aft] rema9+ 9 ! w9dr[ = a day4 ,"o ( ! mo/ successful me?ods = h&l+ sweet-clov] hay1 especially 9 regions :]e ra9s are likely to occur at hay+ "t1 is to p]mit ! plants to rema9 9 ! swa? until !y are well wilt$ or j be=e ! leaves beg9 to cure4 ,! hay %\ld !n be rak$ into w9dr[s & cock$ at once 7fig4 #h74 ,! cocks %\ld be made z high & z n>r[ z possible1 z ?is w p]mit bett] v5tilation4 ,9 cur+1 ! cocks w %r9k f "o-?ird to "o-half ( _! orig9al size4 ,x may take f #aj days to #b weeks to cure sweet clov] by ?is me?od1 b :5 well cur$ all ! leaves w be intact & ! hay w h an excell5t color & aroma4 ,:5 sweet clov] is cock$ at ?is "t ! leaves w cure flat & 9 su* a mann] t ! cocks w readily %$ wat] dur+ heavy ra9s 7fig4 #i74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i4--;,a cock ( sweet-clov] hay :i* has cur$ 9 excell5t condition & reta9$ all ( its leaves4 ,:5 sweet-clov] hay is to be /ack$ x is highly desirable t "s sort ( f\ndation be made = ! /ack1 s z to prev5t ! loss ( ! hay :i* o!rwise w\ld be on ! gr\nd4 ,sev]al feet ( /raw or grass are (t5 us$ = ?is purpose1 b /ill bett] is a f\ndation ( rails1 po/s1 or bo>ds plac$ 9 su* a mann] t air may circulate "u ! /ack4 ,a cov] %\ld be provid$ = ! /acks1 ei!r 9 ! =m ( a ro(1 a canvas1 or long gre5 grass4 ,if none ( ^! means is practicable a topp+ ( p]fectly gre5 sweet clov] w cure ) ! leaves flat & w turn wat] nicely4 ,x is well kn[n t hay made f ei!r r$ clov] or alfalfa w (t5 und]go spontane\s combu/ion if put into ! b>n ) too mu* ext]nal moi/ure ^u x4 ,no in/ances ( spontane\s combu/ion 9 sweet-clov] hay h be5 not$1 b ?is may be due to ! fact t comp>atively little sweet-clov] hay is /or$ 9 b>ns4 ,! same precautions1 !re=e1 %\ld be tak5 ) sweet-clov] hay z ) r$ clov] or alfalfa4 ,,sweet ,,clov] ,,z ,a ,,silage ,,crop4 ,9 "s sections ( ! c\ntry sweet clov] is ga9+ 9 favor z a silage crop1 ei!r alone or 9 mixtures ) o!r plants4 ,! silage made f ?is plant w keep bett] ?an t made f mo/ legumes1 z x does n become slimy1 z is s (t5 ! case ) r$ clov] or alfalfa silage4 ,x produces a palatable fe$1 :i* %\ld conta9 m prote9 ?an well-matur$ corn silage4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4--;,fill+ ! silo ) sweet clov]4 ,:5 sweet clov] makes suffici5t gr[? aft] gra9 h>ve/1 or :5 se$$ alone1 x is n necess>y to cut x = silage until fall4 ,at ?is "t x may be run into ! silo alone or 9 mixture ) corn4 ,excell5t results h be5 obta9$ by plac+ alt]nate loads ( corn & sweet clov] 9 ! silo4 7,fig4 #aj47 ,:5 ! fir/ crop ! second season is n ne$$ = pa/urage1 ensil+ may prove to be ! mo/ economical & pr(itable way ( h&l+ x1 z x is necess>y to cut ?is crop = hay at a "t ( ! ye> :5 ! wea!r conditions 9 humid regions are v likely to be unfavorable = haymak+4 ,! l>ge p]c5tage ( leaves :i* usually are lo/ f %att]+ :5 h>ve/+ ! hay w be sav$ :5 ! crop is run into ! silo4 ,! fir/ crop ! second season w produce approximately two-?irds z mu* silage to ! acre z corn :5 x is cut at ! "t x %\ld be cut = hay4 ,! second crop may !n be h>ve/$ = se$4 ,:5 sweet clov] is h&l$ 9 ?is mann]1 approximately two-?irds ( ! total corn acreage :i* w\ld be cut = silage may be p]mitt$ to mature1 z ! fir/ crop ( sweet clov] w replace ! corn silage1 :ile ! se$ crop ord9>ily w br+ z mu* p] acre z ! corn4 ,9 addition to ?is1 ! roots & /ubble w add l>ge quantities ( vegetable matt] to ! soil4 ,"s f>m]s d n cut sweet clov] = silage until x is 9 full bloom4 ,:5 ?is is done1 #aj to #ab tons ( silage w be obta9$ p] acre1 b ! plants w be kill$ by ! m[+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4--;,cutt+ sweet clov] ) a gra9 b9d] = silage4 ,:5 ! gre5 plants are ensil$1 ! crop pref]ably %\ld be cut ) a gra9 b9d]4 7,see illu/ration on title-page & fig4 #aa47 ,?is w solve ! difficulty ( cutt+ a high /ubble & w at ! same "t b9d ! plants s t !y may be run ?r\gh ! silage cutt] )\t difficulty4 ,gre5 plants1 & especially ! fir/ crop ( ! second season1 conta9 too mu* moi/ure to be run into ! silo imm$iately aft] cutt+4 ,9 "s cases quantities ( juice h be5 press$ out ( ! bottom ( ! silo1 & z a result ! silage settl$ consid]ably4 ,analyses ( ! juice f "o silo %[$ t x conta9$ #j4bc p] c5t prote9 & #b p] c5t c>bohydrates4 ,?is loss ( juice may be ov]come by p]mitt+ ! bundles to rema9 9 ! field j z !y come f ! b9d] until ! plants are wilt$ ?or\ghly4 ,/raw or corn /ov] may be plac$ 9 ! bottom ( ! silo to absorb "s ( ! juice4 ,if ! plants conta9 too mu* moi/ure x may be a good plan to mix "s corn /ov] ) ! sweet clov] z x is run into ! silo4 ,sev]al silos 9 ,ill9ois h be5 fill$ ) sweet-clov] /raw4 ,:5 ?is is done x is necess>y to add suffici5t wat] to moi/5 ! dry /ems4 ,^! /ems become s(t 9 a %ort "t & ensile 9 good condition4 ,:5 ! se$ crop is ?ra%$ ) ei!r a gra9 sep>ator or a clov] hull] ! /ems are brok5 & cru%$ suffici5tly to r5d] x unnecess>y to run !m ?r\gh a silage cutt]4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 :5 ensil+ ! /raw to add suffici5t wat]1 if mold+ is to be avoid$4 ,x w probably be necess>y to add wat] at ! bl[] & also at ! top ( ! silo4 ,x is ess5tial to tramp ! /raw ?or\ghly1 s z to exclude z mu* air z possible4 ,aft] ! silo is fill$ x %\ld be cov]$ ) a lay] ( gre5 plants & ?or\ghly soak$ ) wat]4 ,table ,,iii gives analyses ( sev]al sample ( sweet-clov] silage z comp>$ to corn silage4 ,table ,,iii4--,composition ( sweet-clov] silage & well-matur$ corn silage4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,con/itu5ts 7p] c5t74 ---------------------------------------- - ,k9d ( ,c>bohydrates4 ,numb] ,wat]4 ,a%4 ,crude --------------- silage4 ( prote94 ,nitrog5- ,fat4 analyses4 ,fib]4 free extract4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,:ite sweet clov]2 ,fir/ ye>'s gr[?#g #a #gc4g #a4gc #c4ag #bj4h #j4fe ,fir/ crop1 second season#b #a #gc4g #b4eg #b4je #h4jf #ab4cb #a4bg ,/raw#h #c #gc4g #a4ai #b4gj #ac4ei #h4cc 4#ej ,corn1 well matur$#i #aba #gc4g #a4gj #b4aj #f4cj #ae4dj 4#hj ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ #g ,analys$ by ! ,ill9ois ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation4 #h ,analys$ by ! ,bureau ( ,*emi/ry4 #i ,analyses compil$ by ,h5ry & ,morrison4 ,z %[n 9 ,table ,,iii ! analyses ( ! fir/ & second ye>s' gr[? ( sweet clov] comp>e favorably 9 food elem5ts ) corn silage4 ,x is to be expect$ t ! silage made f ! sweet clov] /raw w\ld conta9 less prote9 & c>bohydrates ?an t made f ! entire plants1 z mo/ ( ! leaves %att] f sweet clov] be=e ! se$ crop is cut4 ,consid]able prote9 & c>bohydrates 7 lo/ f ! silage made f ! fir/ crop ! second season1 z ! plants 7 run into ! silo z soon z !y 7 cut4 ,mu* juice 0 press$ f ! bottom ( ?is silo4 ,an analysis ( ?is juice is giv5 on page #ba4 ,,sweet ,,clov] ,,z ,a ,,soil+ ,,crop4 ,z a soil+ crop sweet clov] has be5 us$ to only a v limit$ ext5t4 ,! amp]age yields ( gre5 matt] v>y f #f to #ae tons p] acre1 ,! season = soil+ may comm5ce :5 ! plants are #ab to #ae in*es high & cont9ue until fl[] buds appe>4 ,an area ( su* a size t ! plants may be cut e f\r or five weeks %\ld be select$4 ,! plants %\ld n be cut clos] to ! gr\nd ?an #d in*es dur+ ! fir/ "p ( ! season & #i to #ab in*es dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! season4 ,on acc\nt ( ! high prote9 cont5t & ! l>ge am\nt ( =age produc$ on a relatively small area1 sweet clov] may pr(itably be f$ 9 ?is mann] :5 m desirable soil+ crops are n to be _h4 ,,sweet ,,clov] ,,z ,a ,,fe$4 ,,palatability ,,( ,,sweet ,,clov]4 ,! woody gr[? ( sweet clov] z x rea*es maturity & ! bitt] ta/e due to c\m>9 h be5 ! pr9cipal causes = live /ock refus+ to eat x at fir/4 ,on ?is acc\nt _m f>m]s h assum$ x to be wor?less z a fe$4 ,x is a fact t /ock seldom eat ! h>d1 woody /ems ( mature plants1 b x is true also t /ock eat sp>+ly ( ! co>se1 fibr\s gr[? ( su* legumes z r$ or mammo? clov] :5 !y h be5 p]mitt$ to mature & h lo/ mu* ( _! palatability4 ,all k9ds ( /ock w eat gre5 sweet clov] be=e x becomes woody1 or hay :i* has be5 cut at ! prop] "t & well cur$1 aft] !y h become accu/om$ to x4 ,_m cases are on record 9 :i* cattle h refus$ alfalfa or r$ clov] :5 sweet clov] 0 accessible4 ,mil* c[s h be5 kn[n to refuse a ration ( alfalfa hay :5 giv5 to !m = ! fir/ "t4 ,we/]n range cattle :i* h nev] be5 f$ corn v (t5 refuse to eat corn fodd]1 or ev5 corn1 = a %ort "t1 & in/ances h come "u obs]vation 9 :i* !y ate ! dri$ husks & left ! corn uneat54 ,:5 ^! cattle 7 turn$ on gre5 grass ! foll[+ spr+ !y br[s$ on ! dead grass ( ! prec$+ season's gr[?1 :i*1 presumably m closely resembl$ ! grass to :i* !y 7 accu/om$4 ,su* prelim9>y obs]vations %\ld nev] be tak5 z f9al1 ev5 :5 !y repres5t ! results ( c>eful inve/igators4 ,:5 c[peas 7 fir/ introduc$ into c]ta9 sections ( ?is c\ntry mu* tr\ble 0 exp]i5c$ 9 gett+ /ock to eat ! v9es1 ei!r :5 cur$ into hay or made into ensilage4 ,?is difficulty1 h[ev]1 0 soon ov]come4 ,x is v true t /ock :i* h nev] be5 pa/ur$ on sweet clov] or f$ on ! hay mu/ become accu/om$ to x be=e !y w eat x1 b ! fact t sweet clov] is n[ be+ f$ to /ock 9 ne>ly e ,/ate indicates t ! di/a/e = x c be ov]come easily & successfully4 ,z sweet clov] usually />ts gr[? e>li] 9 ! spr+ ?an o!r =age plants & z ! e>ly gr[? presumably conta9s less c\m>9 ?an old] plants1 /ock seldom refuse to eat x at ?is "t4 ,prop]ly cur$ hay is seldom refus$ by /ock1 especially if x is spr9kl$ ) salt wat] :5 ! animals are salt hungry4 ,,composition ,,( ,,sweet ,,clov]4 ,sweet clov]1 l mo/ legumes1 conta9s a relatively high p]c5tage ( prote91 ?us mak+ x a s\rce ( t valuable con/itu5t ( fe$s ne$$ = gr[+ /ock & = ! production ( milk4 ,table ,,iv %[s ! relative composition & dige/ibility ( sweet clov] z comp>$ to "s o!r fe$s4 ,table ,,iv4--,composition & dige/ibility ( sweet clov] comp>$ ) t ( o!r =age crops4 ,,av]age ,,p]c5tage ,,composition ,,( ,,sweet ,,clov] ,,& ,,o!r ,,=age ,,crops4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,con/itu5ts 7p] c5t74 ---------------------------------------- ,c>bohydrates4 ,numb] --------------- ,k9ds ( =age4 ( ,wat]4 ,a%4 ,crude ,nitrog5- ,fat4 analyses4 prote94,fib]4 free extract4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,gre5 crop3 ,sweet clov]#aj #ah #ge4f #b4a #d4d #g4j #aj4b #j4g ,alfalfa#aj #adc #gd4g #b4d #d4e #g4j #aj4d #a4j ,r$ ,clov]#aj #he #gc4h #b4a #d4a #g4c #aa4g #a4j ,hay 7moi/ure- free basis73 ,:ite sweet clov]#aa #cg 4444 #h4b #ag4f #bh4b #dc4j #c4j ,yell[ sweet clov]#aa #c 4444 #f4d #ae4h #ce4f #ci4j #b4f ,alfalfa#aa #baa 4444 #i4f #ag4d #bi4h #dj4c #b4i ,r$ clov]#aa #ii 4444 #g4j #ae4f #bg4g #dd4i #c4i ,timo?y#aa #aid 4444 #f4b #h4b #cb4e #di4i #c4b ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,dige/ible ,,nutri5ts ,,( ,,sweet ,,clov] ,,& ,,o!r ,,=age ,,crops ,,:5 ,,f$ ,,to ,,%eep4#ab ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,dige/ible nutri5ts 9 #ajj p\nds ( air-dri$ hay4 ,nutritive ,dry matt]------------------------------ratio 4#ac ,k9ds ( =age4 9 #ajj ,prote94,c>bohy- ,fat4 ,dry p\nds4 drates4 matt]4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,:ite sweet- clov] hay #ib4b #aa4hh #cf4fh #j4di #ef4ab #a3c4b ,pea hay #ic4a #aa4bd #dh4ee 4#ga #fb4e #a3d4e ,alfalfa hay #ib4b #aa4gc #db4ch 4#gb #fj4ij #a3c4h 7second cutt+7 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- #aj ,analyses tak5 f ,h5ry & ,morrison's ,foods & ,fe$+4 #aa ,analyses compil$ by ! ,bureau ( ,*emi/ry4 #ab ,exp]im5ts conduct$ by ! ,wyom+ ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation4 #ac ,! nutritive ratio is ! ratio :i* exi/s betwe5 ! dige/ible crude prote9 & ! comb9$ dige/ible c>bohydrates & fat4 ,table ,,iv %[s t ! p]c5tage composition ( bo? gre5 & cur$ sweet clov] comp>es favorably ) t ( alfalfa & r$ clov]4 ,p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+ po9t %[n 9 ?is table is t ! fib] cont5t ( :ite sweet clov]1 :e!r gre5 or cur$ into hay1 is no great] ?an t ( alfalfa4 ,x is und]/ood1 h[ev]1 t ! plants collect$ = ^! analyses 7 tak5 :5 !y 7 at ! prop] /age = cur+ into hay4 ,table ,,iv also %[s t ! dige/ible nutri5ts ( sweet clov] :5 f$ to %eep comp>e favorably ) alfalfa4 ,x 0 /at$ t ! sweet-clov] hay us$ = ?is exp]im5t 0 /emmy & t x _h n be5 cut until x _h become woody4 ,! pea hay _h pass$ ! be/ /age = cutt+ :5 x 0 h>ve/$1 :ile ! alfalfa hay 0 9 excell5t condition4 ,9 a fe$+ exp]im5t ) %eep conduct$ by two /ud5ts at ! ,i[a ,/ate ,college x 0 f\nd t ! prote9 dige/$ 9 sweet-clov] fe$ alone 0 #fi p] c5t & t ! addition ( corn to ! hay ration increas$ ! dige/ibility ( sweet clov] to #hb p] c5t4 ,alfalfa & r$ clov] %[$ simil> increases ( ! dige/ibility ( ! prote9 cont5t :5 corn 0 add$ to ! ration4 ,! p]c5tage ( dige/ibility figur$ = ! prote9 9 ! corn 0 ! av]age ( a numb] ( dige/ion exp]im5ts4 ,! probability is t ! dige/ibility ( ! corn 0 also increas$ by ! pres5ce ( ! hay 9 ! ration1 s t n all ! increase 9 ! dige/ibility %\ld be cr$it$ to ! hay con/itu5ts ( ! diff]5t rations4 ,,fe$+ ,,exp]im5ts ,,) ,,sweet ,,clov]4 ,few agricultural exp]im5t /ations h c>ri$ on def9ite fe$+ exp]im5ts to det]m9e ! value ( sweet clov] comp>$ ) o!r fe$s4 ,! ,s\? ,dakota ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation report$ an exp]im5t 9 :i* lambs 7 f$ on sweet-clov] hay 9 comp>ison ) alfalfa1 pea-v9e1 & prairie hay4 ,9 ?is exp]im5t ! lambs made a bett] ga9 at a less co/ :5 f$ sweet-clov] hay ?an :5 f$ pea-v9e hay1 b n z l>ge a ga9 z :5 f$ alfalfa hay4 ,! results ( ?is exp]im5t are %[n 9 ,table ,v4 ,table ,v4--,fe$+ exp]im5t ) lambs 9 ,s\? ,dakota1 %[+ ! comp>ative value ( diff]5t k9ds ( hay z r\ghage4 ,gra9 ration consi/s ( oats & corn 9 all cases2 r\ghage v>ies4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,av]age weight4,requir$ = #a p\nd ( ga94 ,av]age ----------------------------- daily ,numb],duration ga9 ,r\ghage f$4 ( ( te/4,at be- ,at end4,gra94 ,hay4 p] lambs4 g9n+4 head4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,days4 ,p\nds4 ,p\nds4,p\nds4,p\nds4,p\nds4 ,prairie hay #af #fg #hc4f #ajg4i #e4ji #b4ce #j4cf ,pea-v9e hay #aj #fg #hc4f #ajg4c #e4dj #c4ae 4#ce ,alfalfa hay #e #fg #ha4d #aai4d #c4cf #c4jb 4#ef ,sweet-clov] #aj #fg #hd4g #aac4f #d4db #c4ai 4#dc hay ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,! ,wyom+ ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation also p]=m$ an1 int]e/+ exp]im5t ) lambs4 ,a numb] ( p5s ( #aj to #dj lambs ea* 7 f$ diff]5t mixtures ( fe$s = #ad weeks4 ,^? receiv+ sweet-clov] hay1 corn1 & a small am\nt ( oil meal made an av]age ga9 ( #cj4g p\nds p] head1 z comp>$ ) #bj4c p\nds = ^? receiv+ native-grass hay1 oats1 & oil meal4 ,^? receiv+ alfalfa hay & corn made a ga9 ( m ?an #cd p\nds p] head4 ,! results obta9$ ) f\r p5s ( lambs 9 ?is exp]im5t are giv5 9 ,table ,,vi4 ,table ,,vi4--,results ( fe$+ te/s ( lambs 9 ,wyom+ cov]+ #ad weeks4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ,requir$ = #ajj p\nds ( ga94 ---------------------------------------- -- ,av]age,sweet- ,numb] ga9 clov] ,native ,alfalfa ,corn4 ,oats4 ,oil ,ration4 ( p] hay4 hay4 hay4 meal4 lambs4 head4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,sweet-clov] ,p\nds4,p\nds4,p\nds4,p\nds4,p\nds4,p\nd s4,p\nds4 hay1 corn1 & oil meal 7old process7 #aj #cj4g #fcg4e 44444 44444 #bic4b 44444 #bj4e ,native-grass hay1 oats1 & oil meal 7old process7 #dj #bj4c 44444 #fjf4g 44444 44444 #dfj4e #be4j ,alfalfa hay & corn #aj #cd4d 44444 44444 #eeg4e #bfa4f 44444 44444 ,d #dj #cd4c 44444 44444 #eeg4c #bhf4e 44444 44444 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,! sweet-clov] hay us$ 9 ?is exp]im5t 0 describ$ z /emmy & m ?an a ye> old2 yet x 0 eat5 up clean by ! lambs4 ,! ,s\? ,dakota ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation conduct$ an exp]im5t 9 :i* /e]s 7 f$ corn silage & v>i\s k9ds ( hay1 includ+ sweet clov]4 ,! /e]s :i* 7 f$ corn silage & sweet-clov] hay made an av]age daily ga9 ( #b4de p\nds1 at a co/ ( #d4cd p] hundr$ p\nds ( ga91 :]eas ! /e]s :i* 7 f$ corn silage & r$-clov] hay made an av]age daily ga9 ( #b4bi p\nds1 at a co/ ( #d4ee p] hundr$4 ,! /e]s t 7 f$ corn silage & alfalfa hay made an av]age daily ga9 ( #b4di p\nds1 at a co/ ( #d4cj p] hundr$4 ,9 comput+ ! co/ ( ! ga9s1 corn silage 0 valu$ at #c p] ton1 alfalfa1 r$-clov]1 & sweet-clov] hay at #aj p] ton1 & prairie hay at #f p] ton4 ,! results ( ?is exp]im5t1 z giv5 9 ,table ,,vii1 %[ t sweet-clov] hay is practically equal to r$-clov] & alfalfa & greatly sup]ior to prairie hay = r\ghage = /e]s4 ,table ,,vii4--,fe$+ exp]im5ts ) /e]s 9 ,s\? ,dakota1 %[+ ! value ( sweet-clov] hay z comp>$ ) "s o!r k9ds ( hay4 ,corn silage f$ 9 all cases2 k9d ( hay v>ies4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,av]age weight4 ,fe$ p] p\nd ,co/ --------------- ( ga94 p] ,numb] ,at ,av]age-------------- #ajj ( ,duration beg9- ,at daily p\nds ,r\ghage4 /e]s4( te/4 n+4 end4 ga94 ,silage4 ,hay4 ( ga94 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,days4 ,p\nds4,p\nds4,p\nds4,p\nds4,p\nds4 ,r$-clov] hay #d #ia #gge #ihc #b4bi #be #a4e #d4ee ,sweet- clov] hay #d #ia #ggd #iig #b4de #bc #a4e #d4cd ,alfalfa #d #ia #gge #a1jje #b4di #bc #a4f #d4cj ,prairie #d #ia #gfi #iea #b4ja #bi #a4e #d4gi hay ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,! results ( ^! v>i\s exp]im5ts are be+ duplicat$ e ye> by _m fe$]s4 ,ea* ye> 9 ! ,middle ,we/ & ,nor?we/ _m cattle t br+ high prices are be+ f$ ) no o!r r\ghage ?an sweet-clov] hay4 ,/e]s :i* h be5 pa/ur$ entirely on sweet clov] h br\ght 9 ! ,*icago m>ket #a p] hundr$weight m ?an ord9>y grass-pa/ur$ /ock m>ket$ f ! same locality & at ! same "t4 ,excell5t results 7 obta9$ 9 ,lee ,c\nty1 ,ill41 f fe$+ /e]s sweet-clov] silage made f plants :i* _h matur$ a se$ crop4 ,= ?is exp]im5t #ia head ( /e]s #b & #c ye>s old1 av]ag+ #a1jjh p\nds p] head1 7 pur*as$ at ! ,kansas ,city /ock y>ds on ,novemb] #af1 #aiae1 at a co/ ( #f4cj p] hundr$4 ,^! /e]s 7 %ipp$ to a f>m at ,/ew>d & imm$iately turn$ on #abj acres ( corn/alks4 ,!y 7 f$ no?+ 9 addition to ! corn/alks until ,janu>y #ad1 #aiaf1 :5 !y 7 put into ! fe$ lot4 ,:ile !y 7 n weigh$ :5 turn$ into ! fe$ lot1 ! own] ( ! /e]s /at$ t 9 8 e/imation !y _h ga9$ b little1 if any4 ,dur+ ! #fj days ^! /e]s 7 9 ! fe$ lot !y 7 f$ #be bu%els ( snapp$ corn twice a day & z mu* sweet-clov] silage z !y w\ld eat4 ,^! animals _h access to sweet-clov] /raw dur+ ! fir/ "p ( ! fe$+ p]iod1 b aft] ?is 0 consum$ !y _h only oat /raw z r\ghage4 ,at ! end ( ! fe$+ p]iod !y 7 sold on ! ,*icago m>ket at ! av]age price ( #h4be p] hundr$1 nett+ approximately #cj p] head4 ,! av]age weight ( ^! /e]s 9 ! ,*icago y>ds 0 #a1agg p\nds1 #afi p\nds m ?an :5 pur*as$ 9 ,kansas ,city4 ,a mo/ rem>kable feature ( ?is exp]im5t is ! fact t ! /e]s 7 f$ almo/ entirely mat]ial :i* w\ld h be5 consid]$ ( little value by ! av]age f>m]4 ,! corn :i* 0 f$ te/$ #dd p] c5t moi/ure at ! ,ro*elle1 ,ill41 elevator1 & #bj c5ts p] bu%el 0 ! be/ price (f]$ = x4 ,presumably on acc\nt ( wet wea!r dur+ ! fall ( #aiae1 ! sweet-clov] se$ crop 0 a failure 9 t section2 9 fact1 ! crop _h be5 cut = se$ & "p _h be5 ?ra%$ be=e x 0 decid$ t ! se$ yield 0 n suffici5t to pay = ! ?ra%+4 ,! rema9d] ( ! crop 0 !n run into ! silo & f$ to ! /e]s4 ,! leaves fall & ! /ems ( ?is plant become h>d & woody z ! se$ matures4 ,! crop !re=e w\ld h be5 wor?less = fe$ _h x n be5 plac$ 9 ! silo4 ,z a rule1 /ock readily eat sweet-clov] /raw :5 ! /ems are brok5 & cru%$ by ! hull+ ma*9es4 ,! sweet-clov] /raw :i* 0 us$ z r\ghage dur+ ! fir/ "p ( ! fe$+ p]iod 0 f t "p ( ! se$ crop :i* _h be5 ?ra%$4 ,an int]e/+ fe$+ exp]im5t 0 conduct$ on a f>m at ,ro*elle1 ,ill4 ,on ,septemb] #g1 #aiac1 #bi head ( #b-ye>-old /e]s1 av]ag+ #hcf p\nds1 7 turn$ on #dj acres ( sweet clov] :i* _h be5 se$$ t spr+ ) b>ley4 ,^! animals 7 pa/ur$ on ! sweet clov] until ,novemb] #a )\t additional fe$4 ,dur+ ?is "t !y made exceptionally l>ge ga9s4 ,f ,novemb] #a to ,decemb] #aa1 #bh head ( ^! /e]s _h access to an #hj-;acre field ( corn/alks4 ,on ,decemb] #aa !y 7 put into ! fe$ lot4 ,dur+ ! "t ^! /e]s 7 on ! corn/alks !y b>ely held _! ga91 b dur+ ! fir/ #cj days !y 7 9 ! fe$ lot !y made an av]age daily ga9 ( almo/ #c p\nds4 ,9 ?is p]iod !y receiv$ #bae bu%els ( corn-&-cob meal & #af-c_/d tons ( silage made f ! fir/-ye> gr[? ( sweet clov]4 ,dur+ ! next #cj days !y receiv$ #chh bu%els ( corn-&-cob meal & mu* less sweet-clov]1 silage4 ,dur+ ?is "t !y made an av]age daily ga9 ( #b p\nds4 ,:5 ! corn-&-cob meal ration 0 increas$ ! /e]s ate less silage4 ,^! cattle dress$ #ee-a_/h p] c5t at a ,*icago pack+ h\se4 ,,sweet ,,clov] ,,z ,a ,,soil-,,improv+ ,,crop4 ,unlike _m legumes1 sweet clov] w make a good gr[? on soils too deplet$ 9 humus = pr(itable crop production4 ,9 addition to its ability to gr[ & to produce a consid]able quantity ( =age on su* soils1 x w add mu* humus to !m4 ,! ext5sive root sy/ems d mu* t[>d break+ up ! subsoil1 !reby provid+ bett] a]ation & dra9age4 ,! effect ( ! l>ge1 deep roots 9 op5+ up ! subsoil & provid+ bett] dra9age is (t5 v noticeable 9 ! spr+1 z ! l& ^u :i* sweet clov] has gr[n = sev]al ye>s w be 9 a condition to pl[ e>li] ?an ! adjac5t fields :]e x has n be5 gr[n4 ,! roots are (t5 "o-eigh? ( an in* 9 diamet] at a dep? ( #c feet1 & !y decay 9 five to eight weeks aft] ! plants die4 7,figs4 #ab & #ac47 ,! holes made by ! roots are left p>tly fill$ ) a fibr\s sub/ance :i* p]mits rapid dra9age4 ,s&y soils are b5efit$ mat]ially by ! addition ( humus & nitrog51 :ile h>dpan (t5 is brok5 up s completely t alfalfa or o!r crops w readily gr[ on ! l&4 ,! roots add mu* organic matt] to ! lay]s ( soil bel[ ! usual dep? ( pl[+1 :ile ^? 9 ! surface soil1 toge!r ) ! /ubble & /ems1 :5 ! crop is pl[$ "u1 add m humus ?an possibly any o!r legume :i* may be gr[n 9 %ort rotations4 ,n only does ?is crop add organic matt] to ! soil1 b 9 common ) o!r legumes x has ! p[] ( fix+ atmosph]ic nitrog5 by means ( ! nitrog5-ga!r+ bact]ia 9 ! nodules on ! roots4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4--;,a portion ( a root ( sweet clov]1 collect$ #cj days aft] ! se$ crop _h be5 cut4 ,! cortex 0 s decay$ t x rema9$ 9 ! gr\nd :5 ! root 0 remov$4 ,note t ! pi? has l>gely disappe>$ & t ! half-rott5 c5tral cyl9d] is all t rema9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4--,! same root %[n 9 figure #ab aft] be+ cru%$ betwe5 ! ?umb & =ef+]4 ,illu/rat+ h[ rapidly sweet-clov] roots decay aft] ! plants die4 ,! holes left 9 ! gr\nd by ! rapid decay ( ! roots facilitate dra9age4 ,! ability ( sweet clov] to reclaim ab&on$1 run-d[n l& has be5 demon/rat$ 9 nor!rn ,k5tucky & 9 ,alabama4 ,9 ^! regions _m f>ms 7 s deplet$ 9 nitrog5 & humus by cont9u\s cropp+ ) nonlegum9\s crops t pr(itable yields c\ld be obta9$ no long]1 ,?r\gh ! use ( ?is crop _m ( ^! f>ms h be5 br\ght back to a fair /ate ( f]tility4 ,te/s at ! ,alabama ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation %[ t ! increas$ yield ( corn foll[+ sweet clov] :i* _h occupi$ ! l& = two ye>s 0 #f-c_/d bu%els p] acre4 ,! cotton gr[n on ! l& ! second ye> %[$ an increase ( #ef p\nds p] acre4 ,! comb9$ value ( ! increas$ yields ( corn & cotton = ! two ye>s 0 e/imat$ at #i4ge4 ,! total yield ( hay = ! two prec$+ ye>s 0 #f4h tons p] acre4 ,9 ano!r exp]im5t at ?is /ation cotton 0 plant$ on l& t _h gr[n sweet clov] ! two previ\s ye>s & on l& t _h receiv$ an application ( #ah tons ( /able manure p] acre4 ,! sweet-clov] plat produc$ #bhj p\nds ( se$ cotton ! fir/ ye> & #abj p\nds ( se$ cotton ! second ye> m ?an ! plat :i* receiv$ ! heavy application ( manure4 ,l& on :i* sweet clov] _h be5 gr[n = f\r ye>s at ! ,ohio ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation yield$ #bf4i bu%els ( :eat p] acre z comp>$ ) #ah4f bu%els on ! *eck plat4 ,sweet clov] 0 se$$ at ! ,t5nessee ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation 9 ! spr+ ( #aiab4 ,"o cutt+ ( hay 0 remov$ t ye> & ! foll[+ spr+ ! field 0 pl[$ & plant$ to corn4 ,! corn yield$ #eh4h bu%els p] acre z comp>$ ) #da4a bu%els p] acre = an adjo9+ plat :]e rye 0 turn$ "u4 ,a numb] ( te/s h be5 conduct$ 9 s\!a/]n ,kansas :i* %[ cle>ly ! value ( sweet clov] z a soil-improv+ crop = t section4 ,! yield ( :eat has be5 increas$ z mu* z #g bu%els p] acre & t ( corn z mu* z #bb bu%els p] acre by pl[+ "u ! second-ye> gr[? ( clov]4 ,annual yell[ sweet clov] is rapidly ga9+ 9 favor z a gre5-manure crop = or*>ds 9 ! ,s\?we/4 ,9 ,arizona two plats se$$ 9 ,octob] & pl[$ "u 9 ,april yield$1 respectively1 #af & #ag tons ( gre5 matt] to ! acre4 ,at ! ,arizona ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation annual yell[ sweet clov]1 lup9es1 & alfalfa 7 te/$ z gre5-manure crops = or*>ds4 ,9 ?is exp]im5t ! sweet clov] cle>ly %[$ its sup]iority to lup9es or alfalfa = ?is purpose1 z x yield$ f #ba to #bf tons ( gre5 matt] p] acre1 :]eas ! highe/ yield = ! lup9es 0 #aj tons & = ! alfalfa #ae tons p] acre4 ,! use ( annual sweet clov] z a gre5-manure crop 9 s\!rn ,cali=nia has increas$ v rapidly 9 rec5t ye>s1 & ?is increas$ use app>5tly has be5 ju/ifi$ by ! results obta9$ ) x4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ gre5-manure te/s ?us f> not$ 0 conduct$ at ! ,cali=nia ,citrus ,exp]im5t ,/ation4 ,9 ?is exp]im5t n9e legume plats & eight nonlegume plats alt]nat$ ) ea* o!r4 ,! #d-ye> av]age weight ( gre5 matt] produc$ on ! sweet-clov] plat 0 #ad-c_/d tons p] acre1 :]eas ! #e-ye> av]age weight ( gre5 matt] produc$ by common vet* & ,canada field peas 0 #ab tons & #i tons1 respectively1 p] acre4 ,on "o s]ies ( ^! plats corn 0 plant$ 9 rotation ) ! clov]4 ,! av]age yield ( %ell$ corn = f\r ye>s 0 #df bu%els to ! acre on ! sweet-clov] plat1 z comp>$ ) #ce bu%els to ! acre on ! common-vet* plat & #dj bu%els p] acre on ! field-pea plat4 ,"o b>ley plat receiv+ ea* ye> an application ( #a1jhj p\nds ( nitrate ( soda gave an av]age yield ( #da bu%els p] acre4 ,! #b-ye> av]age yield ( potatoes foll[+ sweet clov] 0 #beb bu%els p] acre1 z comp>$ ) #aga bu%els foll[+ common vet* & #bcd bu%els foll[+ field peas4 ,sweet clov] has prov$ to be an excell5t plant to gr[ 9 rotation ) sug> beets1 z ! #b-ye> av]age = ! beets foll[+ x 0 #ai4h tons p] acre1 z comp>$ ) #ae4c tons foll[+ common vet*1 & #ag4f tons foll[+ field peas4 ,annual yell[ sweet clov] makes a pr(itable gr[? only 9 ! ,s\? & ,s\?we/ & !re=e %\ld n be plant$ 9 any o!r section ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 ^? sections ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates :]e ! soils are l[ 9 humus x is to be /rongly recomm5d$ t sweet clov] be gr[n = gre5 manure4 ,?is me?od is be+ practic$ 9 "s sections ( ! c\ntry ) excell5t results4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t sweet clov] w n make a satisfactory gr[? on acid soils & t x is v ess5tial to provide inoculation if ! soil is n inoculat$ already4 ,,sweet ,,clov] ,,9 ,,rotations4 ,z sweet clov] is a bi5nial plant1 x l5ds itself readily to %ort rotations4 ,x may be se$$ 9 ! spr+ on w9t] gra9 or ) spr+ gra91 ! same z r$ clov]4 ,x w produce at lea/ z mu* pa/urage ! foll[+ fall z r$ clov]1 & 9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry a cutt+ ( hay may be obta9$ aft] ! gra9 h>ve/4 ,! foll[+ ye> ! plants w produce two cutt+s ( hay or "o cutt+ ( hay & a se$ crop4 ,9 "s sections ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?is plant is replac+ r$ clov] 9 rotations1 z x w succe$ on poor] soils ?an r$ clov] & w add mu* m humus to ! soil4 ,x w )/& dr\ght bett] ?an ei!r r$ clov] or alfalfa1 & on ?is acc\nt its use 9 rotations may be ext5d$ into dri] sections4 ,z a rule ! b5eficial effect ( sweet clov] on ! subsequ5t crops is m m>k$ ?an t ( o!r legumes4 ,?is is especially true ) corn1 & :5ev] possible corn %\ld foll[ sweet clov] 9 rotations4 ,root crops also are b5efit$ by its use 9 rotations1 z ! l>ge deep roots ( sweet clov] op5 up ! soil4 ,,sweet ,,clov] ,,z ,a ,,honey ,,plant4 ,a numb] ( ! lead+ honey plants fail to secrete nect> 9 "p ( ! t]ritory 9 :i* !y are f\nd1 b :ite sweet clov] ranks z a valuable s\rce ( nect> :]ev] f\nd 9 suffici5t quantity 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! p]iod ( nect> secretion usually foll[s t ( :ite & alsike clov]s 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 & consequ5tly comes at a "t :5 ! colonies are /rong en\gh to get ! full b5efit ( ! secretion4 ,! honey f :ite sweet clov] is light 9 color1 ) a slight gre5 t9t1 ! flavor be+ mild & sugge/ive ( vanilla4 ,! *>act]i/ic flavor & color ( ! honey seem to be less m>k$ dur+ a rapid secretion ( nect>1 ,9 ! irrigat$ portions ( ! ,we/ honey f :ite sweet clov] is (t5 mix$ ) t f alfalfa4 ,beekeep]s h long recogniz$ ! value ( sweet clov] z a s\rce ( nect>1 & = ye>s tons ( se$ h be5 sold annually by deal]s 9 beekeep]s' supplies4 ,x has nev] be5 f\nd pr(itable to cultivate any plant solely = nect>1 & ^? beekeep]s :o 7 prim>ily int]e/$ 9 ! plant = bee =age h scatt]$ ! se$ *iefly 9 wa/e places & along railroad embankm5ts & roadsides4 ,a numb] ( beekeep]s :o 7 also engag$ 9 g5]al f>m+ h = ye>s utiliz$ ! plant = =age1 & !y 7 among ! e>lie/ to gr[ ! plant = se$1 s z to be able to supply _! fell[ beekeep]s4 ,sweet clov] to-day is almo/ ! only plant :i* beekeep]s seek to increase 9 wa/e l&s 9 _! localities4 ,! yield ( nect> f sweet clov] is heavy1 & a numb] ( beekeep]s n[ m>ket ?is honey 9 c>load lots4 ,sweet clov] is utiliz$ = honey especially 9 ,k5tucky1 9 ,i[a1 & 9 ,colorado & adjac5t ,/ates4 ,9 ,alabama & ,mississippi a numb] ( beekeep]s are h>ve/+ l>ge crops *iefly f ?is s\rce4 ,! color & flavor make ?is plant suitable = ei!r comb or extract$ honey4 ,yell[ sweet clov] is p]haps z valuable = nect> z :ite sweet clov]1 b beekeep]s h paid less att5tion to x4 ,?is is probably due to ! fact t ! bloom+ p]iod ( ! yell[ species (t5 co9cides ) t ( :ite & alsike clov]1 mak+ x less valuable to ! beekeep]4 ,9 sections :]e ! quantity ( :ite & alsike clov] is limit$ & x is desir$ to plant sweet clov] = bee pa/urage1 a mixture ( ! :ite & yell[ species is recomm5d$1 z ! yell[ species w bloom f #aj to #ad days e>li] ?an ! :ite4 ,:]ev] any ( ! species ( sweet clov] are cultivat$1 ei!r = =age or = se$1 beekeep+ is to be recomm5d$ z a valuable s\rce ( additional income1 & su* locations are especially suitable = ext5sive comm]cial beekeep+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib] ,note ,m9or typos may h be5 correct$4 ,illu/rations may h be5 mov$ to avoid splitt+ p>agraphs4 ,_m ( ! ,tables h labels :i* are display$ z italics2 b due to space limitations 9 ! text-only v]sion1 ! italicization 0 ignor$4