,,r5aissance ,,( ,,girls' ,,education ,,! ,,r5aissance ,,( ,,girls' ,,education ,,9 ,,engl& ,a ,record ( ,fifty ,ye>s' ,progress ,,by ,,alice ,,zimm]n 7,,girton ,,college1 ,,cambridge7 ,,au?or ,,( #8,,me?ods ,,( ,,education ,,9 ,,am]ica1' #8,,old ,,tales ,,prom ,,greece1' ,,etc4 ,london ,a4 ,d4 ,innes ,company ,limit$ #ahih ,ed9burgh3 ,t4 & ,a4 ,,con/able1 ,pr9t]s to ,h] ,maje/y ,,preface ,to all :om x may int]e/ ,i d$icate ?is brief summ>y ( ! ev5ts :i* h wr\ght a peaceful revolution among u dur+ ! la/ fifty ye>s4 ,among ! _m *anges ( ! half-c5tury1 ! great trans=mation 9 ! education ( wom5 surely des]ves a record4 ,! work]s h be5 _m1 ! help giv5 ( v>i\s k9ds1 yet no ev5t is isolat$1 = all are l9ks 9 "o *a9 ( progress4 ,fifty ye>s ago a few f>-sight$ m5 & wom5 gave ! impetus2 we :o h>ve/ :]e !y s[$ may l to be rem9d$1 9 ?is season ( retrospects1 ( ! great debt we owe !m4 ,:at has t\*$ ! lives ( s _m wom5 is ! conc]n ( all1 & ?\gh ,i %all be pr\d inde$ if my book prove welcome to tea*]s1 ,i %\ld wi% mo/ ( all to address myself to t old & long-tri$ fri5d ( lit]ature1 ! g5]al read]4 ,if he1 or %e1 c be p]suad$1 to sp5d an h\r or two1 le>n+ ! pa/ & pres5t ( ! education ( our girls1 my purpose w h be5 accompli%$4 ,to ?ank = fav\rs receiv$ is a pleasant task1 b ! li/ ( ^? :o h help$ me ) ?is book w\ld prove too long = enum]ation4 ,i desire to (f] my he>tie/ ?anks to all :o h assi/$ me ) in=mation1 criticism1 or 9 any o!r way2 especially to ,miss ,beale = valuable mat]ials & k9d hospitality1 to ,mrs4 ,bryant & ,miss ,a4 ,a4 ,m4 ,rog]s = mu* useful in=mation1 to ,miss ,m>y ,gurney1 ,miss ,ella ,pycr(t1 ,miss ,m>y ,k5n$y1 & ,mr4 ,w4 ,edw>ds = read+ portions ( ! book1 & to ,mrs4 ,edw>ds = h] sympa?y & k9dness dur+ my /ay 9 ,wales4 ,to ! _m headmi/resses :o h all[$ me to visit _! s*ools ,i (f] mo/ cordial ?anks1 & la/1 b n lea/1 to ! (ficials ( ! ,education ,libr>y1 9 p>ticul> ,mr4 ,sadl] & ,miss ,be>d1 = _! c\rtesy & helpfulness4 ,,alice ,,zimm]n4 ,septemb] #ahih4 ,,cont5ts ,,*ap4 ,,page ,i4 ,,be=e #ahdh #a ,,ii4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,colleges #bj ,,iii4 ,,light ,,9 ,,d>k ,,places #ch ,,iv4 ,,! ,,high ,,s*ools #eb ,v4 ,,end[m5ts ,,= ,,girls #gh ,,vi4 ,,! ,,wom5',s ,,colleges #ajc ,,vii4 ,,admission ,,to ,,! ,,univ]sities #abf ,,viii4 ,,bo>d+ ,,& ,,private ,,s*ools #adi ,,ix4 ,,! ,,te*nical ,,in/ruction ,,acts #afi ,x4 ,,/ate ,,aid ,,= ,,girls #aie ,,xi4 ,,! ,,int]m$iate ,,s*ools ,,( ,,wales #bae ,,xii4 #ahih #bcd ,,! ,,r5aissance ,,( ,,girls' ,,education ,,*apt] ,i ,,be=e #ahdh ,yes1 /range ?\gh x may s\nd1 x 0 9 tru? a ,r5aissance--a revival ( ! pa/1 & no new exp]im5t4 ,or p]haps we %\ld m fitly describe x z ! realisation ( an old dream1 "o t has be5 dream$ _m times 9 ! c\rse ( ! ages1 b has wait$ till ! n9ete5? c5tury = its complete fulfilm5t4 ,two ?\s& ye>s ago x 0 se5 by ,plato1 t mo/ practical ( ideali/s1 :o ma9ta9$ t x 0 = ! be/ int]e/s ( ! /ate t its m5 & wom5 %\ld be z good z possible4 ,!re=e ! education ( bo? 0 a matt] ( public conc]n4 ,9 ^! latt] days ?is doctr9e has won acceptance1 ) an ev5 wid] significance1 due to our democratic developm5t4 ,! treasures ( le>n+ are no long] ! prop]ty ( an exclusive few1 & ! privileges ( class & sex are break+ d[n simultane\sly4 ,education = all1 boys & girls1 ri* & poor1 is ! mod]n dem&1 :i* no p>ty d>e n[ refuse to consid]4 ,we mu/ cat] n only = ! #8wives ( ! gov]nors1' b also = ! *ildr5 ( ! slums4 ,all ! daught]s ( all ! h\seholds ( all civilis$ c\ntries are to ent] into _! h]itage4 ,! mu*-discuss$ #8ladd]' f ! elem5t>y s*ool to ! ,univ]sity is becom+ a fact2 & its rungs are be+ wid5$1 t ! girls may asc5d x side by side ) _! bro!rs4 ,la c>rire ouv]te aux tal5ts1 ) no di/9ction ( class1 sex1 or cre$1 is ! dem& ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,f ,plato's ,utopian #8,republic' to ,london ( ! ,c\nty ,c\ncil is a f> cry4 ,betwe5 ! two1 ?is "q ( girls' education has _m times be5 rais$ & tempor>ily solv$4 ,socrates' half-je/+ dictum1 t wom5 are capable ( le>n+ any?+ :i* m5 are will+ !y %\ld "k1 might /& z ! motto = ne>ly e attempt to improve female education4 ,! in/ruction giv5 to wom5 at diff]5t epo*s has v>i$ directly ) ! e/imation 9 :i* !y 7 held4 ,:5 !y 7 reg>d$ z slaves or toys x 0 exp$i5t to keep !m 9 ignorance2 :5 !y 7 treat$ hon\rably z equals1 ! be/ gifts ( le>n+ 7 n ?\ght too good = !m4 ,x is n our place "h to dwell on ! bright examples ( antiquity1 ! ,neo-,platoni/ wom5 & ,hypatia1 ! beautiful ma!matician ( ,alex&ria1 b r1 turn+ to our own c\ntry1 to see h[ ,*ri/ianity has t\*$ ! lives ( wom54 ,"h1 z else:]e1 x 0 ! ,*ur* alone t kept alive ! flame ( k dur+ ! ,middle ,ages4 ,9 ! sev5? & eigh? c5turies1 t #8nadir ( le>n+1' monks & nuns alike 7 occupi$ ) lit]>y /udies4 ,!y read !ology & classics1 copi$ manuscripts1 & correspond$ 9 ,lat94 ,_! activity 0 9 accordance ) _! social position4 #8,! heads ( ! great religi\s h\ses 7 necess>ily p]sons ( importance1 ) privileges & great responsibilities4 ,!y _h consid]able weal? at _! disposal1 & 9 au?ority & influ5ce !y rank$ among ! nobles ( ! l&1 to :om !y 7 (t5 alli$ by bir?4'#a ,! "n t naturally occurs fir/ to our m9ds is t ( ! ,abbess ,hilda1 #8^: c\nsel 0 s\ght ev5 by k+s1' & :o rul$ ov] a d\ble mona/]y1 :i* became a sem9>y ( bi%ops & prie/s4 ,h]s is no solit>y in/ance4 #8,9 ,anglo-,saxon ,engl&1' writes ,miss ,eck5/e91 #8m5 :o atta9$ to di/9ction receiv$ _! tra9+ 9 settlem5ts gov]n$ by wom54 ,hi/ories & a *ronicle ( unique value 7 inspir$ by & draft$ "u ! auspices ( ,saxon abbesses4' ,& #8! curriculum ( /udy 9 ! nunn]y 0 z lib]al z t accept$ by ! monks1 & embrac$ all available writ+s1 :e!r by ,*ri/ian or pr(ane au?ors4' ,! conv5ts 7 ! colleges ( ,anglo-,saxon times4 ,! nuns1 :o liv$ a life ( seclusion & /udy1 might be comp>$ ) ! fell[s2 ! /ud5ts 7 ! successive gr\ps ( girls :o came !re = education4 ,among ! _m social *anges br\ght ab\t by ! ,norman ,conque/1 ! mo/ f>-rea*+1 ! introduction ( feudalism1 e/abli%$ a new c5tre ( education1 :i* h5ce=? fl\ri%$ side by side ) ! cloi/]4 ,! monks /ill taught ! ,trivium & ,quadrivium--,gramm>1 ,dialectic1 ,rhetoric1 ,music1 ,ari?metic1 ,geometry1 ,a/ronomy--?\gh ! in/ruction giv5 des]v$ ^! high-s\nd+ names little bett] ?an ! s-call$ sci5ces taught 9 girls' s*ools at ! beg9n+ ( our own c5tury4 ,! ca/le c\ld (f] boys a m attractive programme4 ,! sev5 knightly accompli%m5ts 7 to ride1 s+1 %oot ) ! b[1 box1 hawk1 play *ess1 & write v]ses4 ,x _h some?+ = girls z well4 ,:ile ! "y squires ga9$ _! tra9+ by s]vice done to _! "l1 ! *tela9e w\ld ga!r ab\t h] a troop ( g5tle maid5s1 :o le>n$ to weave1 sp91 brew1 & di/il1 & d v>i\s k9ds ( ne$lework4 ,!y le>n$ a little read+ & writ+1 & 9 ^! arts 7 some:at 9 advance ( _! bro!rs1 :o 7 tra9$ to look on books z monki% & womani%1 & n q suit$ to a knight & g5tleman4 ,! *tela9e h]self held an hon\rable position4 ,9 h] "l's abs5ce %e mu/ ev5 take comm& ( ! ca/le1 & ! damoiselles mu/ be prep>$ = _! own com+ responsibilities4 ,! ?irte5? c5tury br\ght a *ange4 ,! political influ5ce ( ! ,*ur*1 :i* _h be5 less5$ by ! ,conque/1 0 reviv$ by ! prea*+ fri>s4 ,!y introduc$ a new ideal ( mona/ic life2 ! _s ( devotion & asceticism drove out ! old love ( le>n+4 ,new priories sprang up ?r\gh\t ,engl&1 b _! aims 7 diff]5t4 ,z ! mona/]ies 7 m & m becom+ c5tres ( devotion1 le>n+ 0 be+ driv5 into ! new univ]sities1 :]e ! philosophy ( ! s*oolm5 n[ reign$ supreme4 ,already "s colleges ) end[m5ts = poor s*ol>s _h be5 f\nd$ at ,ox=d & ,cambridge1 & x 0 becom+ ! cu/om = ! mona/]ies to s5d _! mo/ promis+ pupils !re4 ,:y did ! nuns n foll[ ?is example8 ,probably ! metaphysical disputations !n 9 vogue _h few attractions = !m2 & ! pres5ce ( l>ge numb]s ( m5 w\ld be a suffici5t reason = keep+ alo(1 = ?\gh ! /udies ( bo? sexes might be ! same1 !y 7 n pursu$ side by side4 ,:atev] ! cause1 x is c]ta9 t :ile mascul9e le>n+ %[$ an ev]-gr[+ t5d5cy to leave ! cloi/]1 female s*ol>%ip 0 /ill closely conf9$ to ! conv5t4 ,b x 0 deg5]at+ = want ( new life2 ! nunn]ies 7 a survival1 n a liv+ gr[?2 _! le>n+ _h become #8poor 9 sub/ance1 cramp$ 9 me?od1 & insuffici5t 9 application4'#b ,! old ord] 0 *ang+1 b someh[ ! nuns fail$ to p]ceive x4 ,9 ,erasmus' day1 we are told1 ! really le>n$ woman 0 to be f\nd outside ! conv5t walls1 & he adds ! significant rem>k t h] husb& approv$ ( h] /udies4 ,! wrong done to wom5 by ! dissolution 0 n s mu* ! clos+ ( ! conv5ts z ! transf]5ce to m5 ( _! end[m5ts4 ,! mo/ flagrant in/ance is ! trans=mation ( ,/4 ,radegund's nunn]y at ,cambridge into ,jesus ,college4 ,t ?is & o!r in/ances ( spoliation 7 possible %[s h[ l[ ! /atus ( wom5 _h sunk1 & x is n /range1 !re=e1 t a p]iod ( neglect$ education %\ld h ensu$4 ,:atev] ! cause1 ! ,re=mation does n seem to h assi/$ ! developm5t ( wom54 ,p]haps ?is 0 p>tly due to ! removal ( ! "o c>e] t _h be5 op5 to !m1 ?us =c+ all1 m>ri$ & unm>ri$1 into a dep5d5t position 9 ! h\sehold4 ,lu!r's views on wom5 7 n v elevat$1 & probably a good _m ( ! ,re=m]s %>$ !m4 ,x may be due to ?is ,prote/ant influ5ce t 9 ,engl& wom5 pr(it$ less intellectually by ! ,r5aissance ?an m51 or at any rate 9 f> small] numb]s4 ,?anks to ! new gramm> s*ools1 le>n+ 0 be+ made accessible to boys ( all classes4 ,:5 ,sir ,?omas ,m's dream 0 realis$1 & ! middle classes1 f ! squire to ! petty tradesman1 7 br\ght into contact ) anci5t lit]ature1 ! daught]s 7 n z well provid$ z ! sons4 ,"s au?orities are ( op9ion t ! orig9al f\ndations 7 meant = bo? sexes alike1 b if s1 v few girls ( ! middle class pr(it$ by _! advantages1 ?\gh "s sort ( education evid5tly came to all4 ,among ! upp] classes l>ge numb]s ( wom5 7 c>ri$ away by ! en?usiasm ( ! ,r5aissance1 & le>n$ to read ,lat9 & ,greek4 ,! sixte5? c5tury has always be5 celebrat$ = its le>n$ ladies1 z witness ,wotton's (t quot$ rem>k !reon & 8 comm5t3 #8,"o w\ld ?9k by ! effects t x 0 a prop] way ( educat+ !m1 s9ce !re are no acc\nts 9 hi/ory ( s _m great wom5 9 any age z are to be f\nd betwe5 ! ye>s #aejj & #afjj4' ,que5 ,elizabe? & ,lady ,jane ,grey are sometimes call$ exceptions1 b ?is is cle>ly an error4 ,le>n+ 0 an exp5sive luxury = wom51 s9ce x involv$ ! s]vices ( a private tutor1 b x _h fa%ion & op9ion on its side4 ,to be le>n$ 0 acc\nt$ a privilege1 :i* call$ = nei!r arrogant boa/+ nor blu%+ concealm5t4 ,^? :o did /udy1 w\ld naturally turn to ! be/ _! age c\ld (f] !m1 i4e4 ! new editions ( ! classics & ! fa%ionable mod]n lit]ature4 ,!y set ! fa%ion too z well z foll[$ x4 ,! success ( ,euphues 0 e/abli%$ by its lady read]s1 & 9 ! doma9 ( polite lit]ature x 0 g5]ally ackn[l$g$ t !y creat$ ! /&>d4 ,:5 ,lyly wrote #8,euphues _h r lie %ut 9 a lady's casket ?an op5 9 a s*ol>'s /udy1' he knew well en\gh t x 0 n ! ladies :o w\ld neglect 8 book4 ,he confess$ z mu* 9 its d$ication to ! #8,ladies & ,g5tlewom5 ( ,engl&4' ,nor 0 !re any?+ new 9 ?is4 ,! lady sat 9 h] b[] to read ,sidney's ,arcadia z 9 old5 times %e _h li/5$ 9 ! hall to ! lay ( ! m9/rel4 ,x 0 /ill h] "p to assign ! prize ( romance z ( val\r4 ,! leisure :i* made ! enjoym5t ( tale & song possible 0 ess5tially ! lot ( ! ri* & noble lady1 :o nei!r toil$ nor span1 b did a m useful "w z gu>dian ( art & lit]ature4 ,! amaz+ discov]y t #8,books are a "p ( man's pr]ogative'#c _h n yet be5 made2 !re is c]ta9ly n a h9t ( x 9 ,%akespe>e4 ,nor c\ld su* a doctr9e possibly orig9ate "u a que51 :o1 :atev] h] faults1 cultivat$ le>n+ h]self & hon\r$ x 9 o!rs4 ,our ?\ghts l+] lov+ly ov] t noble/ age ( ,engli% /ory1 :5 romanticism & classicism jo9$ _! glories = a brief space2 :5 ! c\rti] 0 bo? knight & s*ol>1 & ! noble dame's epitaph prais$ h] z #8wise & fair & good4' ,se5 ?r\gh ! haze ( ! pa/1 its spl5d\rs /& out 9 ev5 great] dim5sion1 :ile all t 0 small & weak is obscur$ to dimness4 ,! v age t foll[$ s]v$ z a foil to ?r[ into yet bright] relief #8! spaci\s days ( great ,elizabe?4' ,x is significant ( ! rapid deg5]ation t ensu$1 t ?\gh betwe5 ! accession ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 & ! dea? ( ,james ,i41 #cec gramm> s*ools 7 f\nd$ 9 ,engl&1 n "o 0 add$ to ! numb] aft] #afbe4 ,! sev5te5? c5tury 0 a gloomy p]iod = ,engl&4 ,if ,elizabe? _h giv5 h] c\ntry peace & glory1 ! ,/u>ts 7 n long 9 rev]s+ ! position4 ,disa/r\s civil w>s1 political & !ological qu>rels1 absorb$ ! be/ en]gies ( ! nation4 ,! ,cavali]s 7 too frivol\s1 ! ,r\ndheads too grimly e>ne/ to sp>e mu* leisure = le>n+4 ,9 times ( w> & national p]il woman's influ5ce is apt to wane1 & su* p[] z !y _h at ! ,/u>t c\rt 0 n ( ! k9d to enc\rage intellectual pursuits4 ,:5 a s*ol> 0 h>dly acc\nt$ a g5tleman1 a lady might be p>don$ = neglect+ h] intellectual *>ms4 ,x became ! fa%ion among m5 to decry female /ud5ts1 to bid !m put away _! books & le>n to wa% & cook in/ead4 #8,i l n a female poetess at any h&1' says "o ( ^! self-appo9t$ critics4 ,?is attitude 0 *>act]i/ic ( ! decl9e ( *ivalry & ! degradation ( woman's position4 #8,!re is n s mu* z a ,don ,quixote ( ! quill left1' writes ,m>y ,a/ell 9 #afid1 #8to succ\r ! di/ress$ damsels4' ,! age ( c\rtesy be+ ov]1 wom5 mu/ help !mselves1 & %e takes up ! cudgels = h] sex4 #8,a man ought no m to value himself on be+ wis] ?an a woman1' %e rem>ks p]t95tly1 #8if he owes 8 advantage to a bett] education & great] means ( in=mation1 ?an he ought to boa/ ( c\rage = beat+ a man :5 8 h&s 7 b\nd4'#d ,h]s is ! old !sis1 t wom5 are q capable ( le>n+ if only m5 w n put h9drances 9 _! way4 ,ev5 s ! girls' curriculum ( h] day does n seem to h be5 z meagre z is (t5 assum$4 ,%e tells u t :5 ! boys g to gramm> s*ools ! girls are s5t #8to bo>d+-s*ools or o!r places to le>n ne$lework1 danc+1 s++1 music1 draw+1 pa9t+1 & o!r accompli%m5ts 444 & ,fr5*1 :i* is n[ v fa%ionable4' ,?is description :i* w\ld almo/ h s]v$ at ! beg9n+ ( our own c5tury1 is n z gloomy z ,defoe's1 writt5 at ab\t ! same "t4 ,girls1 he tells u1 le>n$ #8to /it* & sew & make baubles4 ,!y are taught to read inde$1 & p]haps to write _! names or s1 & ?is is ! height ( a woman's education4'#e ,bo? agree 9 condemn+ its n>r[ness4 ,defoe _c believe t #8,god ,almighty ev] made !m su* glori\s creatures1 & furni%$ !m ) su* *>ms1 s agreeable & delightful to mank9d1 ) s\ls capable ( ! same accompli%m5t ) m51 & all to be only /ew>ds ( our h\ses1 cooks1 & slaves4' ,m>y ,a/ell ma9ta9s t #8accord+ to ! rate t "y wom5 are educat$1 accord+ to ! way _! "t is sp5t1 !y are de/9$ to folly & imp]t95ce1 to say no worse4' ,%e prote/s1 z ,mrs4 ,mak9s _h done be=e h]1#f aga9/ ! new fa%ion ( ignorant wom51 & implores h] si/]s to help br+ back ! good old times1 & take a lesson f ! ladies ( ! previ\s c5tury4 ,bo? ,defoe & ,m>y ,a/ell recomm5d ! same project1 ! e/abli%m5t ( wom5's colleges1 ?us anticipat+ our own times by m ?an a c5tury & a half4 ,defoe's colleges w\ld h be5 sup]ior bo>d+-s*ools1 "o 9 e c\nty & ab\t t5 = ! city ( ,london2 ,m>y ,a/ell's plan 0 to comb9e religi\s & intellectual aims4 ,%e contemplat$ #8a sem9>y to /ock ! k+dom ) pi\s & prud5t ladies1 ^: good example1 x is to be hop$1 w s influ5ce ! re/ ( _! sex1 t wom5 may no long] pass = ^? little1 useless1 & imp]t95t animals :i* ! ill conduct ( too _m has caus$ !m to be mi/ak5 =4'#g ,b x mu/ also try to #8expel t cl\d ( ignorance :i* cu/om has involv$ u 91 to furni% our m9ds ) a /ock ( solid & useful k1 t ! s\ls ( wom5 may no long] be ! only unadorn$ & neglect$ ?+s4' ,no?+ came ( ei!r project2 !y belong to ! doma9 ( unfulfill$ dreams4 ,! new c5tury br\ght little improvem5t4 ,anne 0 n ( a suffici5tly indep5d5t "* to influ5ce greatly ! lives & pursuits ( h] subjects4 ,z 0 natural 9 ! reign ( a ,que51 ! position & dignity ( wom5 7 some:at rais$2 & 9 t #8,augu/an age' !re 0 "o class ( lit]ature specially address$ to ! ladies1 ! newly inv5t$ essay4 ,addison really want$ to elevate _! position & social influ5ce1 b 8 success 0 lit]>y r ?an moral4 ,if we may tru/ ! noveli/s ( ! la/ c5tury1 public morality 0 nev] at a l[] ebb4 ,! m5 ( t day wor%ipp$ idl5ess1 & x 0 n surpris+ t !y did n c>e to see _! wives & mi/resses at "w4 ,%[ 0 ! aim ?r\gh\t1 & ! #8accompli%m5t' reign$ supreme4 ,! second half ( ! c5tury witness$ a great increase 9 ! bo>d+-s*ool sy/em4 ,hi!rto x _h be5 conf9$ to ! fa%ionable _w2 n[ tradesm5 & f>m]s :o _h made "s money began to emulate _! #8bett]s4' ,imitations ( ! fa%ionable s*ools sprang up ev]y:]e4 #8,we h1' says ! h]o9e ( ,g5]al ,burgoyne's play1 ,! ,heiress1 8,"y ladies bo>d$ & educat$0 ^u blue bo>ds 9 gold lett]s 9 e village2 ) a /roll+ play] = a danc+-ma/]1 & a des]t] f ,dunkirk to tea* ! ,fr5* language4' ,! eighte5? c5tury1 too1 _h its di/+ui%$ wom52 inde$1 ! ,blue-,/ock+ ,club1 s call$1 x seems1 f ! dress ( "o ( its mascul9e habitus1 is reg>d$ z ! repres5tative gr\p ( le>n$ ladies4 ,b ,mrs4 ,montagu1 ,mrs4 ,*apone1 & ,hannah ,m 7 exceptions1 & !mselves only too consci\s ( _! opposition to ! re/ ( _! sex4 ,!re 0 a t\* ( ! prcieuse ab\t "s ( !m :i* expos$ !m to a good deal ( *eap satire1 & !y 7 ke5ly alive to ! antagonism ) :i* ! o!r sex reg>d$ !m4 ,mrs4 ,*apone ev5 advises h] niece to avoid ! /udy ( classics & sci5ce1 = fe> ( #8excit+ envy 9 "o sex & jeal\sy 9 ! o!r4' ,lady ,m>y ,wortley ,montagu compla9s bitt]ly t #8!re is h>dly a creature 9 ! _w m despicable & m liable to univ]sal ridicule ?an t ( a le>n$ woman1' :ile #8folly is reckon$ s mu* our prop] sph]e1 we are soon] p>don$ any excesses ( t ?an ! lea/ pret5sions to read+ & good s5se4' ,"s ( ^! la/ c5tury wom5 7 practical re=m]s1 :o realis$ ! p]nici\s results ( ?is false op9ion ab\t _! sex4 ,among ^! 0 ,hannah ,m1 :o ent]$ a mo/ e>ne/ prote/ aga9/ ! excessive accompli%m5t craze4 ,! l[] middle class 7 emulat+ ! upp] 9 _! endeav\r to make _! daught]s #8accompli%$ "y ladies1' :ile !y q =got t #8! pr(ession ( ladies to :i* ! be/ ( _! education %\ld be turn$ is t ( daught]s1 wives1 mo!rs1 & mi/resses ( families4'#h ,%e ev5 v5tur$ to fly 9 ! face ( public op9ion by ass]t+ t #8a "y lady may excel 9 speak+ ,fr5* & ,italian1 may repeat a few passages f a volume ( extracts1 play l a pr(essor1 & s+ l a sir51' & yet be v badly educat$1 if h] m9d rema9s untra9$4 #8,! k9d ( k t !y commonly d acquire is easily atta9$1' !y le>n ev]y?+ 9 a sup]ficial "q-&-answ] way1 or ?r\gh abridgm5ts1 beauties1 & comp5diums1 in/ead ( read+ books t require ?\ght & att5tion4 ,z we read h] ,/rictures on ,female ,education we rub our eyes & look at ! date once m4 ,is ?is1 inde$1 ,hannah ,m writ+ a hundr$ ye>s ago1 or h we /umbl$ ^u a /ray extract f ,mr4 ,bryce's report to ! ,s*ools' ,inquiry ,commission 9 #ahfg8 #8,%e %\ld pursue e k9d ( /udy :i* w tea* h] to elicit tru?1 :i* w lead h] to be int5t ^u realities2 w give precision to h] ideas2 w make an exact m9d4' ,%e quotes ,dr4 ,johnson's op9ion t #8a woman _c h too mu* ari?metic4' ,_h ! wor?y doctor a prevision ( a ,high ,s*ool "t-table8 ,hannah ,m's influ5ce does n seem to h be5 v la/+4 ,h] contemptu\s rem>k1 t we might z well talk ab\t ! rights ( *ildr5 z ! rights ( wom51 %[s t %e _h n mu* real grasp ( ! educational problem4 ,bo? %\ld1 9 h] op9ion1 be relegat$ to _! prop] subord9ate places4 ,%e 0 "r 9 despis+ ! frivolity ( h] day1 & condemn+ ! con/ant r\nd ( pleasure 9 :i* fa%ionable wom5 sp5t _! lives1 b %e 0 almo/ too sev]e to be helpful4 ,f> m valuable 0 ,miss ,edgewor?'s "w1 :i* 0 con/ructive z well z critical4 ,h] educational romances1 9 :i* %e contra/s ! good & bad gov]ness1 ! s5sible & frivol\s girl1 are ?or\ghly readable ev5 at ! pres5t day1 & mu/ h prov$ useful to _m read]s :o light$ unaw>es on ! p[d] 9 ! jam4 ,practical ,education1 writt5 9 conjunction ) h] fa!r1 ?r[s valuable light on contempor>y conditions1 & advances !ories t are /ill wor?y ( our notice4 ,! #8practical toy %op1' provid$ ) all mann] ( c>p5t]'s tools1 ) wood prop]ly prep>$ = ! "y workman1 & ) screws1 nails1 glue1 em]y-pap]1 etc41 is /ill to seek2 h] rem>ks on ! two s*ools1 ! "o tea*+ #8by d9t ( reit]at$ pa9 & t]ror1' ! o!r #8) ! help ( c\nt]s & coax+ & g+]bread1' are n altoge!r out ( date4 ,nor h we yet le>n$ to pay a good gov]ness #cjj a ye>1 on ! gr\nd t h] work+ days are few1 & %e ought to lay by = a com=table old age4 ,h] sev]e/ /rictures1 l ,hannah ,m's1 are res]v$ = #8female accompli%m5ts4' ,_! *ief use is t #8!y are suppos$ to increase a "y lady's *ance ( a prize 9 ! matrimonial lott]y4' ,h5ce1 :5 ! end is a*iev$1 !y are ?r[n aside4 #8,z soon z a "y lady is m>ri$1 does %e n frequ5tly discov] t %e really has no leisure to cultivate tal5ts :i* take up s mu* "t8' ,nor is x q c]ta9 t !y are z efficaci\s z is g5]ally suppos$4 ,! m>ket is becom+ ov]/ock$1 = #8e "y lady1 & e "y woman is n[ a "y lady1 has "s pret5sion to accompli%m5ts4 ,%e draws a little2 or %e plays a little2 or %e speaks ,fr5* a little4' ,accompli%m5ts are becom+ s g5]al #8t !y _c be consid]$ z ! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ics ( ev5 a g5tlewoman's education4' ,s9ce !y are no long] #8exclusive1' %e hopes !y may be ca/ aside = some?+ bett]4 ,h] indictm5t aga9/ ! female education ( h] day is t #8s5tim5t & ridicule h conspir$ to repres5t reason1 k1 & sci5ce z unsuitable & dang]\s to wom52 yet1 at ! same "t1 wit & sup]ficial acquirem5ts 9 lit]ature h be5 ! object ( admiration 9 society2 s t ?is dang]\s inf]5ce has be5 drawn1 almo/ )\t our p]ceiv+ its fallacy1 t sup]ficial k is m desirable 9 wom5 ?an accurate k4' ,x is int]e/+ to f9d ?is compla9t repeat$ 9 #ahbf by an anonym\s writ]1#i :o ma9ta9s ! old dictum t #8females are n beh9d males 9 capacity1 & excel !m 9 dilig5ce & docility1' b !y are h&icapp$ by #8an education ( m]e ext]nals & ( %[4' ,!re is a want ( /am9a 9 girls' education1 & z = _! s*ool-books1 !y are m]e comb9ations ( words us$ z #8sub/itutes or apologies = ideas4' ,m>ia ,edgewor?'s influ5ce %\ld h be5 consid]able1 b turn+ f h] works to h] contempor>ies & imm$iate successors1 x seems d\btful :e!r !y ev5 und]/ood h]4 ,h] /ories1 ^: mo/ useful lessons 7 address$ to p>5ts1 7 turn$ into *ildr5's books2 & ! dem& = a m solid education simply l$ to an increase ( ! memory & book-"w 9 s*ools4 ,9 spite ( h] /rictures on ! uselessness ( a k ( isolat$ facts1 & ! attempts ( ,mrs4 ,b>bauld & o!rs to supply some?+ bett]1 ! cate*ism sy/em cont9u$ to gr[ & fl\ri%4 ,l>ge am\nts ( memory "w 7 add$ to ! piano & draw+1 :i* /ill held _! own1 & ! results 7 n m]ely negative z reg>ds intellectual value1 b positive 9 _! injuri\s effects on heal?4 ,miss ,frances ,p[] ,cobbe 9 h] description ( ! fa%ionable bo>d+-s*ool to :i* %e 0 s5t 9 #ahcf1 speaks ( ! pages ( prose ! girls 7 expect$ to le>n by he>t1 amid ! d9 ( con/ant practis+4 #8,n t :i* 0 good 9 itself or useful to ! community1 or ev5 t :i* w\ld be delightful to ourselves1 b t :i* w\ld make u admir$ 9 society 0 ! raison-d'tre ( ea* requirem5t4 ,ev]y?+ 0 taught 9 ! inv]se ratio ( its true importance4 ,at ! bottom ( ! scale 7 ,morals & ,religion1 & at ! top 7 ,music & ,danc+1 mis]ably poor music too1 ( ! ,italian s*ool !n 9 vogue1 & g5]ally p]=m$ 9 a %[y & ta/eless mann] on h>p or piano4'#aj ,miss ,cobbe ?9ks ?is education f> worse ?an t receiv$ by h] "m 9 #agij1 :5 mu* less 0 attempt$1 & !re 0 no #8pack+ ! bra9s ( girls ) facts4' ,besides #8gramm> & geography1 & a v fair %>e ( hi/ory' 7anci5t f ,roll91 & sacr$ f ,mrs4 ,trimm]71 !y #8le>n$ to speak & read ,fr5* ) a v good acc5t1 & to play ! h>psi*ord ) ta/e4' ,cle>ly ?+s 7 on ! d[nw>d c\rse1 & 9 ! fir/ half ( ?is c5tury ! education ( bo? sexes 0 9 "s respects 9 a worse condition 9 ,engl& ?an at any "t be=e or s9ce4 ,m]e ignorance w\ld h be5 comp>atively h>mless1 b !re nev] 0 a "t :5 educational !ories 7 m fa%ionable or m p]v]se4 ,miss ,ca!r9e ,s9clair1 :o wrote 9 ! =ties & fifties1 lift$ up h] voice1 9 ,mod]n ,accompli%m5ts1 aga9/ ! sy/em ( cram & display !n prevail+4 #8,lady ,h[>d's utmo/ +5uity 0 ex]cis$ 9 devis+ plans ( /udy = h] daught]1 ea* ( :i* requir$ to be tri$ "u ! dyna/y ( a diff]5t gov]ness1 s t by ! "t ,matilda ,h[>d atta9$ ! age ( sixte51 %e _h be5 successively taught by eight1 all ( :om 7 in/ruct$ 9 ! la/ me?od t _h be5 inv5t$ = mak+ "y ladies accompli%$ on ! newe/ patt]n4' ,all ^! gov]nesses 7 =eign1 accord+ to ! fa%ion ( ! day2 at la/ an ,engli% lady ( ,edgwor?ian type 0 discov]$1 :o tra9$ ! m9d in/ead ( ov]load+ ! memory1 & all end$ happily4 ,precocity & display 7 :at p>5ts dem&$1 & s*ools & gov]nesses contriv$ to supply ! requirem5ts4 ,miss ,s9clair's acc\nts ( premature dea? & lifelong ill-heal? may h be5 ov]drawn1 b d\btless %e put h] f+] on ! weak spot :5 %e wrote3 #8,no?+ is popul> n[ t requires ?\ght 9 "y p1 :o are con/antly dev\r+ books1 b nev] dige/+ !m1 & are all[$ no "t to ?9k4' ,! bett] ! s*ool1 9 ! acceptation ( t day1 ! worse probably ! result2 & ^? girls ^: p>5ts c\ld n af=d ! exp5sive gov]ness or ! #8f9i%+-s*ool1' (t5 _h ! be/ ( x1 s long z !y 7 n s5t to "o ( ! *eap & ineffici5t imitations4 ,by a curi\s irony ! "o attempt made e>ly 9 ! c5tury to give a good education at a small exp5se1 0 t :i* ?r\gh ,*>lotte ,bront's g5ius has be5 held up to ev]la/+ contumely4 ,! ,cl]gy ,daught]s' ,s*ool at ,c[5 ,bridge und]took1 = ! small sum ( #ad a ye>1 to clo!1 fe$1 lodge1 & educate ! daught]s ( cl]gym54 ,9 #ahbe1 ! ye> :5 ,*>lotte ,bront 0 !re1 ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,c>us ,wilson 7too well kn[n z ,mr4 ,brocklehur/71 appeal+ = additional funds1 /at$ t an annual income ( #bej1 toge!r ) ! fees1 w\ld be suffici5t to meet curr5t exp5ses4 ,a comp>ison ( ?is mode/ dem& ) ! sums rais$ 9 our own day = wom5's colleges1 helps u to realise ! revolution t has tak5 place 9 public op9ion4 ,ev5 s mo/ ( ! subscrib]s seem to h be5 ,mr4 ,wilson's relations1 & x 0 only z a *>ity = ! poor cl]gy1 ) a side-?\ght ( gett+ bett] gov]nesses at l[ t]ms1 t x awak5$ any int]e/ at all4 ,/ill x 0 consid]$ a rem>kable a*ievem5t4 ,9 #ahcc1 ,mr4 ,v5n ,elliott1 :o _h visit$ ! s*ool 9 its new premises at ,ca/]ton1 & be5 pres5t at ! consecration ( ! *ur* built 9 its neighb\rhood1 wrote3 #8,i w\ld r h built ?is s*ool & *ur* ?an ,bl5heim & ,burleigh4 ,s ,dr4 ,watts said he w\ld r h writt5 ,baxt]'s ,call to ! ,unconv]t$ ?an ,milton's ,p>adise ,lo/4' ,! result ( ?is visit 0 ! f\ndation ( ,/4 ,m>y's ,hall at ,brighton4 ,x /ill exi/s1 & gives a really fir/-class education at a l[ fee4 ,o!r s*ools 7 f\nd$ 9 imitation2 & 9 spite ( ! sordid economy ( ^? e>ly days1 & ! suff]+ x entail$ on ! weakly1 !y des]ve full recognition z almo/ ! only in/itutions :i* attempt$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! c5tury to provide a good & *eap education = girls4 ,! tradition ( s\nd /udy surviv$1 & 9 #ahfg ! ,ca/]ton in/itution came 9 = a ^w ( praise f ! ,royal ,commission]s1 amid _! almo/ univ]sal condemnation ( exi/+ girls' s*ools4 ,! b5efits :i* a woman's reign always conf]s on wom5 h be5 exp]i5c$ to ! full dur+ ! long & peaceful reign ( our pres5t ,que54 ,! int]e/ tak5 by h] & ! ,pr9ce ,consort 9 arts & lett]s1 & 9 ! g5]al improvem5t ( ! p1 set an example t 0 readily foll[$4 ,ladies ( ! upp] & middle classes began to take a ke5] int]e/ 9 ! lives ( ! poor1 & 9 deal+ ) ! problems !y ?us enc\nt]$ 7 (t5 br\ght to realise _! own want ( education4 ,!re 0 a /ir & a movem5t t[>ds some?+ bett]4 ,! views ( m5 7 gradually *ang+1 z ! ideal ( womanhood set by a pur] ,c\rt became m elevat$4 ,sixty ye>s ( a woman's wise & b5efic5t rule h done mu* to re/ore ! glories ( ,elizabe?'s day4 ,l ! revival ( lett]s1 :i* communicat$ to ! :ole _w ! le>n+ :i* _h once belong$ to "o small p1 ?is o!r r5aissance br\ght k1 n only to ! conv5t pupil & ! lady ( leisure1 b to all ! daught]s ( ! nation4 ,?is wid5+ has help$ to fix ! roots m firmly1 & we may hope & believe t ! ga9s ( ?is c5tury are n to be lo/1 b1 enri*$ by all ! weal? ( ! future1 to cont9ue = _m a g5]ation to come4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,fir/ ,,colleges ,! revival ( wom5's education 9 ,engl& has n[ a record ( fifty ye>s beh9d x4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,may ?is ye> ,que5's ,college 9 ,h>ley ,/reet celebrat$ its ,jubilee ) manifold rejoic+s1 a celebration 9 :i* all ,engli%wom5 may claim ! "r to jo94 ,?\gh ,girton & ,holl[ay & o!r new] in/itutions h aris5 s9ce to ?r[ ! glories ( ,que5's into ! %ade1 none c deprive x ( its pr\d title--! fir/ wom5's college 9 ,engl&4 ,an occasion ( ?is k9d provokes rem9isc5ce & ! draw+ ( contra/s betwe5 #ahdh & #ahih2 :ile ! "q t naturally occurs to u is3 ,h[ did x all beg98 ,_m answ]s h be5 sugge/$4 ,"s h press$ ! significance ( #ahdh z ! ye> ( ,revolution1 & h9t$ t ! wom5's %>e 9 revolt 0 an attempt to ?r[ (f ! %ackles ( ignorance4 ,?is may n be altoge!r fanciful4 ,su* social upheavals symbolise ! work+s ( intellectual =ces1 nor c we d\bt t ! attempt to w9 = wom5 privileges f :i* !y _h hi!rto be5 jeal\sly exclud$ is a "p ( ! democratic dem& = univ]sal equal opportunity4 ,along ) ! g5]al f]m5t ( ideas & ! cry = re=m mu/ be c\nt$ ! gr[+ influ5ce on ! lives ( ! upp] classes ex]cis$ by ! ,que5 & ,pr9ce ,consort4 ,foll[+ ! lead ( ! ,c\rt ! ideals ( ! nation 7 *ang+4 ,a m s]i\s view ( life & its responsibilities 0 develop+1 & ! "t seem$ a propiti\s "o = organis$ ef=t4 ,b ?\gh v>i\s s*emes _h be5 discuss$1 ! imm$iate impetus to action 0 an actual & cry+ ne$4 ,9 ^? days girls ( ! upp] classes 71 = ! mo/ "p1 educat$ at home by gov]nesses1 usually =eign]s1 because ,engli%wom51 ?\gh glad en\gh to obta9 su* po/s1 :5 sudd5ly ?r[n ^u ! _w by ! dea? ( a p>5t or o!r unt[>d circum/ance1 7 seldom prop]ly qualifi$ to fill !m4 ,"s ( c\rse !re 7 :o1 by =eign travel or private /udy1 _h rea*$ a fair /&>d ( atta9m5t2 b h[ di/+ui% ^! f ! h]d1 :5 !y lack$ ev5 ! tea*]'s diploma ) :i* _! ,swiss or ,g]man rivals 7 equipp$8 ,9 ?is dilemma ! ,gov]nesses' ,b5evol5t ,in/itution came to ! rescue4 ,?is ,in/itution _h be5 f\nd$ 9 #ahdc ) a ?reefold aim3--7#a7 ,to af=d tempor>y relief 9 cases ( great suff]+1 7#b7 ,to cultivate provid5t habits 9 ^? :o c\ld af=d to save2 7#c7 ,to raise annuities = ^? pa/ "w4 ,?is programme seem$ to di/+ui% gov]nesses z a class specially 9 ne$ ( pity & relief4 ,to attempt to help !m by increas+ _! compet5cy1 & ?us indirectly _! wage-e>n+ capacity1 0 a bold new dep>ture4 ,! fir/ proposal 0 to hold exam9ations = a tea*]'s diploma1 b x soon appe>$ t an attempt to exam9e ! untaught 0 a useless inv]sion ( ! natural ord]4 ,to make ! und]tak+ really helpful x became necess>y to in/itute a sy/em ( classes4 ,?is s*eme 0 fir/ discuss$ 9 #ahdf1 & a sum ( money collect$ by ,miss ,murray1 "o ( ! ,que5's ,maids ( ,hon\r1 h&$ ov] to ! ,in/itution = ?is purpose4 ,9 #ahdg ! fir/ c]tificates 7 conf]r$1 & arrangem5ts made = op5+ classes4 ,"h "s ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ pr(essors ( ,k+'s ,college /epp$ 9 ) help4 ,among !m 7 ,maurice1 ,tr5*1 & ,k+sley1 & o!rs no less not$4 ,x 0 a new & a/\nd+ dep>ture = m5 ( _! /&+ to be will+ to lecture to wom54 ,!y began ) ev5+ classes1 b soon add$ o!rs 9 ! day = ladies ( no special occupation4 ,?is l$ to ! tak+ ( #fg ,h>ley ,/reet1 = ! purpose ( hold+ classes 9 #8all bran*es ( female le>n+1' & p]mission 0 receiv$ to "n ! new in/itution ,que5's ,college4 ,on ,m>* #bi1 #ahdh1 ,pr(essor ,f4 ,d4 ,maurice1 :o has be5 call$ ! #8p>5t & f\nd] ( ! ,college1' deliv]$ an inaugural address on #8,que5's ,college1 ,london1 its objects & me?ods4' ,aft] apologis+ = ! ^w #8college' z some:at too ambiti\s = ! project 9 h&1 he ?\ght well to answ] 9 advance ! objections ( ^? :o might use ,pope's hackney$ l9e ab\t #8a little le>n+' z a means ( discr$it+ ! new classes4 ,ev5 he did n anticipate v deep draughts f ! spr+ ( k4 #8,we are aw>e t our pupils are n likely to advance f> 9 ma!matics1 b we believe t if !y le>n really :at !y d le>n1 !y w n h got :at is dang]\s b :at is safe4444 ,i _c conceive t a "y lady c feel h] m9d 9 a m dang]\s /ate ?an x 01 because %e has ga9$ a tru] glimpse into ! conditions "u :i* ! _w 9 :i* x has pleas$ ,god to place h] actually exi/s4' ,ea* ( ! fir/ c\rses 0 prec$$ by a prelim9>y lecture1 9 :i* ! pr(essor introduc$1 & almo/ apologis$ = 8 subject4 ,lat9 0 to w9 tol]ation z #8"o road1 & p]haps ! %orte/1 to a ?or\gh /udy ( ,engli%'2 9 ea* case x 0 %[n t ! evils anticipat$ f t p>ticul> subject 7 fanciful4 ,^! explanations /rike u qua9tly n[2 x is h>d to realise h[ great 0 ! t]ror ( le>n$ ladies :i* 9 ^? days x 0 fa%ionable to assume4 ,/ill1 9 spite ( prejudice1 ! ,college fl\ri%$4 ,!re 7 no less ?an two hundr$ entries ! fir/ t]m4 ,9 #ahec x _h gr[n suffici5tly indep5d5t to /& on its own feet1 & break+ away f ! p>5t in/itution1 x 0 incorporat$ by ,royal ,*>t]4 ,its objects 7 decl>$ to be ! g5]al education ( ladies1 & ! grant+ ( c]tificates ( k4 ,pr(essor ,maurice became ,*airman ( ,committee & ,pr9cipal2 & ,que5's1 :i* loves its old traditions1 has cont9u$ ! practice ( appo9t+ a male ,pr9cipal1 !re9 diff]+ f e o!r wom5's college 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 ,x feels s ke5ly ! debt x owes its f\nd]s1 t x *]i%es ! idea--mi/ak5 surely--t x c be/ d !m hon\r by ma9ta9+ ! college su* z x 0 9 _! day4 ,?us ! fate ( _m a pione] has ov]tak5 ,que5's4 ,! vangu>d h become ! lagg>ds1 & useful & admirable z is its "w1 x has be5 out/ripp$ by y\ng] in/itutions1 & no long] /&s 9 ! =efront ( ! battle4 ,?is is ! common fate2 x is easi] to improve ?an to orig9ate1 b ! debt ( gratitude we all owe to ,que5's is none ! less because s _m o!rs h h>ve/$ :]e %e s[$4 ,s9ce ,que5's takes pride 9 its cons]vatism & adh]5ce to its orig9al me?ods1 ! late/ cal5d> gives a v fair idea ( its "w ev5 9 e>ly days4 ,x /ates t #8! ,college provides = ! high] education ( wom51 9 ! fir/ place by a lib]al s*ool tra9+1 &1 subsequ5tly1 by a f\r ye>s' c\rse ( ,college education4 ,! ,college education leads to ! grade ( ,associate 444 & aft] a fur!r c\rse ( /udy to ! high] grade ( ,fell[ ( ! ,college4' ,! s*ool 0 n "p ( ! orig9al s*eme1 b became necess>y :5 ! fir/ g5]ation ( /ud5ts1 ?\ghtful wom5 :o _h already be5 try+ to improve !mselves1 & eag]ly welcom$ ! advantages !n = ! fir/ "t (f]$ !m1 gave way to a y\ng] g5]ation4 ,among ! applicants = admission 7 m]e s*oolgirls1 & in/ead ( turn+ !m away to seek ineffici5t prep>ation else:]e1 x 0 resolv$ to />t a prep>atory dep>tm5t = _! b5efit4 ,?is develop$ into a small s*ool = girls "u f\rte51 ! age at :i* pupils are admitt$ into ! ,college4 ,"h ! /ud5ts belong to two categories3 ^? :o foll[ a prescrib$ c\rse laid d[n by ! au?orities1 & ^? :o ent] = s+le classes1 & arrange _! "w !mselves4 ,! =m] class are kn[n z #8comp\nd]s1' & pay a composition fee ( #h to #aj p] t]m4 ,!y mu/ att5d eighte5 h\rs a week ( regul> class tea*+4 ,! regulations fix ! subjects = twelve h\rs2 p>5ts or gu>dians = ! o!r six4 ,! prescrib$ "w includes--7a7 two languages3 ,engli%1 two h\rs1 & ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 ,lat91 or ,greek1 two h\rs2 7b7 two sci5ces3 ,ma!matics & ,ari?metic1 f\r h\rs2 ,geography1 "o h\r1 ,natural ,philosophy1 "o h\r1 :5 exemption is grant$ 9 ,ma!matics2 7c7 ,engli% ,hi/ory1 "o h\r1 ,anci5t or ,mod]n ,hi/ory1 "o h\r2 7d7 ,holy ,scripture1 "o h\r4 ,c&idates = ! ,fell[%ip mu/ h pass$ ! exam9ation = ! ,associate%ip at lea/ "o academical ye> previ\sly to ent]+ = ! ,fell[%ip exam9ation4 ,= ?is1 "o pr9cipal subject ( /udy mu/ be *os51 ) n few] ?an two additional subjects4 ,s9ce only ?ree /ud5ts _h1 9 #ahig1 conclud$ ?is additional c\rse1 ! ,associate%ip may be reg>d$ z ! ord9>y goal ( ,que5's ,college /ud5ts4 ,! c\rse = ?is is excell5t1 d\btless1 = girls f f\rte5 to eighte52 b /udies ( s miscellane\s a "*1 lead+ to a #8grade' :i* c be atta9$ at ! age ( eighte51 belong prop]ly to ! doma9 ( s*ool "w4 ,que5's diff]s1 h[ev]1 9 its organisation f ! upp] dep>tm5t ( a mod]n ,high ,s*ool4 ,mo/ ( ! tea*+ is giv5 9 ! =m ( lectures4 ,?is lecture-sy/em m>ks a di/9ct /age 9 ! progress ( girls' education4 ,9 ! s*ools ( ! e>ly "p ( ! c5tury ! v>i\s #8pr(essors' :o came to lecture occupi$ an important place 9 ! prospectus4 ,!y rang$ freely ov] ! sci5ces 9 a mann] t amus$ & int]e/$ _! he>]s1 )\t mak+ any undue dem& ^u _! intellig5ce or p[]s ( ?\ght4 ,h5ce1 ! lecture-sy/em seems to h e/abli%$ itself z a fir/ /ep t[>ds attract+ female pupils to ! high] bran*es ( k4 ,! ,high ,s*ools1 too1 7 to pass ?r\gh t /age1 & em]ge f x4 ,que5's /ill keeps up ! tradition ( lectures1 & z its discipl9e & g5]al arrangem5ts diff] f ^? ( a s*ool1 )\t resembl+ ^? ( a college1 x mu/ be reg>d$ z an in/itution ap>t1 self-conta9$1 & unconnect$4 ,z su* x is ( ! greate/ value 9 supplem5t+ ! home-tea*+ ( girls1 or und]tak+ ! complete education ( ^? :o d n desire to ent] ! ,univ]sity1 or take up any di/9ct pr(ession4 ,^! w\ld probably get a bett] practical prep>ation at a good high s*ool4 ,/ill ! o!rs are likely to rema9 ! majority1 & !re w always be an important function = an in/itution t supplies good tea*+ )\t any compulsion to ent] = outside exam9ation4 ,su*1 at any rate1 is ! view ( ! ,c\ncil1 :o h commemorat$ _! ,jubilee by a r5ewal ( ! lease1 & ! g5]al improvem5t & p>tial recon/ruction ( ! premises4 ,9 its old home1 ) unbrok5 traditions1 ga!r+ 9 ! *ildr5 & gr&*ildr5 ( its e>lie/ /ud5ts1 x is cont9u+ ! "w ) :i*1 fifty ye>s ago1 x inaugurat$ ! revival ( wom5's education4 ,al?\gh ,que5's 0 ! fir/ college actually op5$1 o!r simil> s*emes 7 be+ project$ at ! same "t4 ,! f\ndation 9 #ahbf ( ,univ]sity ,college _h giv5 an impetus to advanc$ /udies 9 ,london1 & z a p]fectly und5om9ational in/itution x s]v$ z ! model = ,b$=d ,ladies' ,college4 ,! f\ndress & b5efactor ( ,b$=d 0 ,mrs4 ,reid4 ,h] wi% to help girls took effect 9 #ahdg 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( classes at h] own h\se4 ,two ye>s lat] %e took a h\se 9 ,b$=d ,squ>e & gave #aejj t[>ds ! initial exp5ses4 ,mrs4 ,reid & h] fri5ds 7 ambiti\s4 ,!y meant to f\nd a real place ( high] education = wom51 & 9 do+ s !y did n hesitate to break ) ! pa/4 ,mrs4 ,reid felt conv9c$ t wom5 c\ld be/ und]/& ! ne$s ( girls1 & ?\gh a committee consi/+ *iefly ( m5 might at t "t h includ$ m di/+ui%$ names1 %e probably kept 9 m9d ! "t to come :5 ! college w\ld be able to invite its own old pupils on to its committee4 ,! co-op]ation ( ladies 0 9 ! fir/ in/ance secur$ by ! in/itution ( lady-visitors1 to be pres5t 9 turn at lectures--a plan at t "t consid]$ indisp5sable1 & adopt$ also at ,que5's4 ,x 0 arrang$ t ! ,college ,bo>d %\ld include ! =ty lady-visitors & six g5tlem54 ,?is ,bo>d annually appo9t$ ! ,c\ncil ( ,managem5t1 & ! ,c\ncil elect$ ! pr(essors & all ! (fic]s ( ! college4 ,?is plan seem$ to answ]1 & ! college1 :i* 0 =tunate en\gh to secure ! s]vices ( su* able m5 z ,de ,morgan1 ,f4 ,w4 ,newman1 & ,dr4 ,c>p5t]1 ent]$ on a successful c>e]4 ,aft] a :ile pupils came 9 f a di/ance4 ,provision _h to be made = ^!1 & 9 #ahfa a second h\se 0 tak5 & ! upp] floors adapt$ z a resid5ce1 :ile ! l[] ones 7 us$ = class-rooms4 ,= a few ye>s ,b$=d too _h to ma9ta9 a s*ool1 b ?is 0 n "p ( ! promot]s' s*eme1 & !y hail$ ! fir/ signs ( improv$ s*ool tea*+ z a pretext = clos+ x4 ,?is happ5$ 9 #ahfh1 at a "t :5 circum/ances made a complete reorganisation ( ! college necess>y ) a di/9ct decl>ation ( policy4 ,! *ange _h be5 ha/5$ by ! dea? ( ,mrs4 ,reid4 ,%e left a consid]able "p ( h] =tune 9 ! *>ge ( ?ree tru/ees1 ,miss ,bo/ock1 ,miss ,j4 ,m>t9eau1 & ,miss ,e4 ,e4 ,smi?1 to be utilis$ = #8purposes ( high] education4' ,?is seem$ a suitable mom5t to seek incorporation1 & 9 #ahfi ,b$=d ,college receiv$ its *>t]4 ,its objects 7 ?us describ$3 #8#a4 ,to cont9ue ) an improv$ con/itution ! ,college = wom5 :i* has be5 c>ri$ on s9ce #ahdi 9 ,b$=d ,squ>e1 ,london1 & has be5 kn[n s9ce ! ye> #ahfj z ,b$=d ,college4 #8#b4 ,to provide !reby a lib]al education = wom51 su* education n to ext5d beyond secul> subjects4' ,h5ce=? ! managem5t 0 ve/$ 9 memb]s ( ! college1 ) a ,c\ncil elect$ f ! numb] & a ,presid5t1 to be call$ ! ,visitor4 ,?is (fice has be5 held successively by ,erasmus ,d>w91 ,m>k ,pattison1 & ,miss ,anna ,swanwick4 ,b$=d1 l ,que5's1 0 happy 9 its f\nd]s1 b to none does x owe m ?an to ,miss ,bo/ock4 ,aft] ,mrs4 ,reid's dea? %e took ov] ! c>e ( ! college z a sacr$ tru/1 devot+ to x ! great] "p ( h] "t1 & help+ x ) money & good c\nsel4 ,happily %e liv$ to see ! fruit ( h] lab\rs1 & to "k t ,b$=d ,college _h won an assur$ position ?r\gh its connection ) ! ,london ,univ]sity4 ,its beg9n+s1 l t ( mo/ wom5's in/itutions1 _h to be t5tative4 ,! fir/ lectures probably _h a m popul> "* ?an ^? n[ giv52 & s9ce !y aim$ r at g5]al culture ?an a sy/ematic c\rse ( /udy1 ,lit]ature1 ,hi/ory1 & ,language w\ld draw ! l>ge/ audi5ces4 ,b f ! v fir/ ,lat91 ,sci5ce1 & ,ma!matics 7 taught1 & ! college rememb]s ) due pride t ,george ,eliot 0 a memb] ( its e>lie/ ,lat9 class4 ,at any rate ! promot]s 7 q sure ( _! aims4 ,! d>+ words1 #8a lib]al education = wom51' _h be5 utt]$ )\t ext5uation or apology4 ,b 9 ^? days ,b$=d ,college /ood alone1 ) no academic body to te/ its "w & direct its curriculum4 ,nor 0 public op9ion yet fully ripe = a real ,univ]sity education = wom54 ,b$=d _h to wait ano!r t5 ye>s be=e ! op5+ ( ! ,london degrees came to fix its position & def9e its /udies4 ,!y 7 n wa/$ ye>s4 ,! college 0 giv+ numb]s ( intellig5t & eag] girls _! fir/ insight into real k1 & tea*+ !m to be dissatisfi$ ) n>r[1 cramp+ in/ruction4 ,_m ( !m h gone out into ! _w to h& on ! impulse & inspiration ga9$ "h1 & help to influ5ce t public op9ion :i* alone has made admission to ! ,univ]sities possible4 ,9 #ahgd ! college 0 help$ by a move to bett] premises4 ,:5 9 #ahgi ,london op5$ its degrees to wom51 ! opportunity ( ,b$=d _h come1 & x 0 ready to use x4 ,f ?is date onw>d its hi/ory belongs to t ( ,wom5's ,univ]sity ,education4 ,^! two e>lie/ colleges may be reg>d$ z n only pione]s b also p>5t in/itutions4 ,!y drew )9 ! sph]e ( _! influ5ce _m ( ^? wom5 :o 7 to tra9 up ! next g5]ation4 ,among ! e>lie/ pupils ( ! ,que5's ,college ev5+ classes 0 ,miss ,buss1 :o 0 already tea*+ 9 h] "m's private s*ool1 & 0 de/9$ to f\nd ! fir/ public s*ool = girls4 ,%e 0 "o ( ! fir/ to w9 ! gov]ness diploma4 ,ano!r 0 ,miss ,doro!a ,beale1 s well kn[n = h] "w at ,*elt5ham4 ,%e rema9$ at ,que5's f #ahdi to #ahef1 fir/ tea*+ ,ma!matics1 !n ,lat91 & aft]w>ds 9 *>ge ( ! s*ool4 ,9 #aheh %e became ,pr9cipal ( ! ,*elt5ham ,ladies' ,college1 :i* _h already be5 at "w = five ye>s4 ,! ,*elt5ham ,college diff]$ 9 its orig9al idea f ,que5's & ,b$=d4 ,bo? ^! _h be5 f\nd$ ) ! purpose ( giv+ wom5 su* advanc$ education z !y 7 at t "t capable ( receiv+1 & _h gradually be5 compell$ by ! exig5cies ( ! case to provide = girls z well4 ,*elt5ham1 ?\gh call$ a college 9 imitation ( ! boys' college 9 t t[n & "s o!r public s*ools1 really aim$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance at provid+ = girls simil> educational advantages to ^? :i* _! bro!rs enjoy$ 9 ! same t[n4 ,z ,k+'s ,college _h sugge/$ ,que5's1 ! boys' college at ,*elt5ham sugge/$ ! girls'4 ,twelve ye>s elaps$ betwe5 ! f\ndation ( ! two2 & ,que5's & ,b$=d 7 already po9t+ ! way :5 a small committee ( en?usia/s met at ! h\se ( ,mr4 ,bellairs1 "o ( ,h4,m4 ,inspectors1 & drew up a prospectus1 invit+ ! public to take %>es 9 ! new und]tak+4 ,a day-s*ool 0 all t 0 at fir/ contemplat$1 & ! subjects to be taught !re 7 describ$ z ,holy ,scripture & ! ,liturgy1 hi/ory1 geography1 gramm>1 ari?metic1 ,fr5*1 music1 draw+1 ne$lework4 ,g]man1 ,italian1 & danc+ to be extras4 ,! proposal f\nd fav\r4 ,%>es to ! am\nt ( ab\t #bjjj 7 tak5 up1 a h\se hir$1 & ! new v5ture />t$ ) good auspices1 #hh pupils ent]+ ! fir/ t]m1 & ! numb]s soon go+ up to #abj4 ,x is n q easy to und]/& :y ?is prosp]\s beg9n+ 0 n foll[$ up4 ,aft] a :ile ! numb]s w5t d[n1 & ! college seem$ to be los+ fav\r4 ,probably x 0 ahead ( local public op9ion1 n yet abrea/ ( ,nor? ,london1 :]e ,miss ,buss 0 already successfully at "w4 ,! fir/ ye>s 7 times ( /ruggle1 & ev5 ! appo9tm5t ( ,miss ,beale 9 #aheh did n at once turn ! scale4 ,aft] =ty ye>s ( successful "w 9 ! college1 ,miss ,beale c enjoy ! pleasure ( contra/+ !n & n[4 ,"s ( h] rem9isc5ces ?r[ a curi\s light on public op9ion 9 ! e>ly fifties4 ,! curriculum1 unpret5ti\s z x seems1 prov$ too advanc$4 ,p>5ts object$ to ! ?or\ghness ( ! tea*+1 & ! "t giv5 to ari?metic & simil> subjects4 ,"s dislik$ ! annual exam9ation1 :i* 0 held to be unfem99e1 & ! difficulty ( obta9+ good tea*]s 0 almo/ insup]able4 ,9 reg>d to ^! ,miss ,beale suff]$ ?r\gh be+ ahead ( h] times4 ,%e desir$ especially two ?+s3 t ! tea*]s %\ld be wom51 =1 to quote h] own words1 #8we ?9k x ess5tial to ! "r moral tra9+ ( girls t ! :ole int]nal discipl9e & mu* ( ! moral tra9+ %\ld be 9 ! h&s ( ladies'2 & t !y %\ld be to "s ext5t speciali/s1 ! only way to aboli% ! textbook cram & un9tellig5t memory "w !n 9 vogue 9 girls' s*ools4 ,h[ %e set out aga9 & aga9 to seek = tea*]s1 & h[ _m a "t %e 0 disappo9t$1 %e has h]self record$ 9 h] hi/ory ( ! college4 ,h] ef=ts %[ h[ h>d x 0 to f\nd a s*ool be=e ! re=mation ( ! high] education _h giv5 ! necess>y impetus f above4 ,x 0 a case ( mak+ bricks )\t /raw4 ,p]haps ! practical difficulties 9 ! way ( f9ance 7 really ! mo/ hamp]+1 = ! f\nd]s _h too little exp]i5ce ( ^! matt]s2 & a ,mr4 ,branck]1 :o z treasur]1 by readju/+ ! :ole sy/em ( fees1 put ! ,college on a s\nd f9ancial basis1 may almo/ c\nt z its second f\nd]4 ,9 #ahfc1 five ye>s aft] ,miss ,beale took (fice1 "s ,ox=d exam9]s 7 invit$ to inspect & report on ! s*ool4 ,?is 0 a new dep>ture2 x meant an ackn[l$gm5t ( ! connection :i* %\ld exi/ betwe5 girls' s*ools & ! ,univ]sities4 ,a small ?+ 9 itself1 b typical ( ! _m *anges t ! next five-&-tw5ty ye>s 7 to br+4 ,f ?is "t onw>d ! ,college 0 br\ght into close connection ) e educational re=m 9 ,engl&2 & its hi/ory1 l t ( ! ,nor? ,london ,collegiate1 pres5ts 9 m9iature ! v>i\s *anges ( ?is busy qu>t] ( a c5tury4 ,9 #ahfc an in=mal exam9ation 0 held = girls 9 ! pap]s ( ! ,cambridge ,local ,exam9ation4 ,?is 0 ! beg9n+ ( a new dep>ture1 & f t "t =? prep>ation = "o or o!r ( ! local ,univ]sity exam9ations =m$ "p ( ! "w ( bo? s*ools4 ,9 #ahff1 ,miss ,beale & ,miss ,buss 7 call$ ^u to give evid5ce be=e ! ,royal ,commission1 & ! plan ( ^! two s*ools 0 ?us br\ght be=e ! notice ( ! g5]al public4 ,! int]e/ t result$ 9 all que/ions conc]n+ ! education ( girls react$ on ^! fir/ s*ools4 ,= ,miss ,buss x won an end[m5t1 = ,*elt5ham t recognition :i* means success4 ,x became possible to raise ! /&>d & enl>ge ! curriculum4 ,ma!matics1 ,sci5ce1 ,lat9 & ,greek1 7 add$ to ! prospectus4 ,applications f pupils outside ! t[n necessitat$ ! op5+ ( a bo>d+-h\se 9 #ahfd4 ,! ,college 0 fa/ outgr[+ its fir/ home2 !n came a fre% ob/acle to ov]come4 ,build+ _h become ess5tial1 b prejudice /ood 9 ! way4 ,al?\gh good premises & beautiful surr\nd+s h long be5 reg>d$ z ess5tial = boys' s*ools & colleges & a really important factor 9 ! tra9+ giv5 !re1 ! prejudice t any make%ift 0 good en\gh = girls has di$ h>d1 if inde$ x c ev5 n[ be call$ dead4 ,miss ,beale naturally desir$ to see ! n[ fl\ri%+ ,college 9 adequate & beautiful build+s4 ,?is seem$ to "s ( ! gov]nors too d>+ a dep>ture4 ,h[ev]1 aft] _m /ruggles & defeats1 ! p>ty ( progress c>ri$ ! day4 ,! new premises1 ! nucleus ( ! pres5t beautiful ,college build+s1 7 op5$ 9 #ahgc4 ,( c\rse !y _h ! effect ( attract+ additional numb]s2 & :5 ?ree ye>s lat]1 fur!r ext5sion became necess>y1 x appe>$ t ! ,college _h n m]ely outgr[n its premises1 b also its con/itution4 ,! "t _h come to put x on a m la/+ basis4 ,at a meet+ ( %>ehold]s x 0 decid$ to r5\nce all claim on a pr(it1 & accept in/ead a "r ( nom9ation on ea* %>e1 z is done at sev]al boys' propriet>y s*ools4 ,! :ole income became available = ! paym5t ( tea*]s1 ! ma9t5ance & improvem5t ( ! build+s1 s*ool furniture & app>atus4 ,! gov]nm5t 0 plac$ 9 ! h&s ( a c\ncil ( tw5ty-f\r p]sons1 six be+ repres5tative memb]s *os5 by ! ,bi%op ( ! ,diocese1 ! ,univ]sities ( ,ox=d1 ,cambridge1 & ,london1 ! ,lady ,pr9cipal & ! /aff ( tea*]s1 :ile ! rema9+ eighte5 7 elect$ by ! %>ehold]s4 ,! inclusion ( wom5 on ?is body has prov$ specially b5eficial to ! ,college4 ,by ?is "t !re 7 #ejj girls 9 ! s*ool1 & t5 lic5s$ bo>d+-h\ses4 ,_m int]nal *anges _h tak5 place1 correspond+ to ! *anges 9 ! _w )\t4 ,! ,cambridge ,local ,exam9ations _h prov$ helpful 9 ! e>ly days1 & ! e/abli%m5t 9 #ahfh ( ! ,cambridge ,high] ,local suppli$ a def9ite aim = ! "w ( ! s5ior classes4 ,x has always be5 popul> at ,*elt5ham1 & ov] #ejj girls h pass$ x f ! ,college4 ,ano!r impetus 0 giv5 to "w by ! in/itution ( ! special wom5's exam9ation ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,london2 dur+ ! n9e ye>s ( its exi/5ce1 "o-?ird ( ! successful c&idates came f ,*elt5ham4 ,b x 0 ! =mal op5+ ( ! ,london degrees t l$ to ! pres5t complete organisation ( ! ,college ) its sy/em ( dep>tm5ts1 lead+ respectively to ! ,ox=d ,s5ior1 ,cambridge ,high]1 & ,london ,univ]sity ,exam9ations4 ,by ?is "t ,girton1 ,newnham1 & o!r wom5's colleges _h come into exi/5ce4 ,*elt5ham c\ld s5d its pupils to cont9ue _! /udies at ! old] ,univ]sities1 & ! speciali/ tea*]s1 = :om ,miss ,beale _h sigh$ 9 va9 9 ! e>ly days1 7 n[ =?com+4 ,fa%ion too 0 beg9n+ to smile on ^? m s]i\s /udies :i* ! ,college _h s long pursu$ 9 ! face ( prejudice4 ,! "t ( /ruggle 0 ov]4 ,*elt5ham 0 no long] 9 advance ( ! tide1 b mov+ h>moni\sly ) x1 giv+ help & receiv+ x4 ,*elt5ham ,college1 z x n[ exi/s1 has c]ta9 peculi>ities :i* di/+ui% x f mo/ ( ! girls' s*ools ( ! pres5t day4 ,fir/ly1 x does n receive all com]s1 b is di/9ctly int5d$ = ! #8daught]s ( g5tlem51' & ref]5ces 9 reg>d to social /&+ are requir$ be=e admission4 ,secondly1 x comb9es ! functions ( a day & bo>d+-s*ool1 by a sy/em ( bo>d+-h\ses :i* belong to ! ,c\ncil1 & are "u ! g5]al control & sup]vision ( ! ,pr9cipal4 ,?irdly1 x is n "o l>ge s*ool1 b a sy/em ( dep>tm5ts "u sep>ate heads1 all "u ! direction ( ! ,pr9cipal4 ,division ,i4 is "u ,miss ,beale h]self4 ,! "w is direct$ t[>ds3 7#a7 ! ,london ,degrees2 7#b7 ! ,cambridge ,high] ,local2 7#c7 ! ,ox=d ,s5ior & ,high] ,local ,exam9ations4 ,?is division is ! ,college prop]1 & is organis$ to "s ext5t on college l9es4 ,division ,,ii4 has ab\t #bjj pupils betwe5 twelve & sixte54 ,division ,,iii41 ! juv5ile dep>tm5t1 has ab\t #gj pupils betwe5 sev5 & twelve4 ,bel[ ?is comes ! ,k9d]g>t54 ,by-/ud5ts may att5d s+le c\rses ( lectures z at ,que5's & ,b$=d4 ,*elt5ham ,college is ?us enabl$ f its own res\rces to take a *ild /raight f ! nurs]y1 & aft] _m ye>s s5d h] =? z a full-fl$g$ graduate ( ,london ,univ]sity4 ,x is nei!r to be expect$ nor desir$ t _m girls %\ld ?us receive ! :ole ( _! education "u "o ro(1 b :ile "s att5d "o dep>tm5t & "s ano!r1 ! ,college does 9 itself comprise ! ?ree /ages ( education3 prim>y1 second>y1 high]4 ,x has gone ev5 fur!r1 = x takes an important "p 9 ! "w ( tra9+ tea*]s1 :i* has be5 s l>gely develop$ ( late ye>s4 ,! tra9+ dep>tm5t has ?ree di/9ct divisions1 9 :i* tea*]s are prep>$ = ,k9d]g>t51 ,second>y1 & ,public ,elem5t>y ,s*ools4 ,! #8,hall ( ,resid5ce1' :i* is gr[+ s mu* 9 fav\r n[1 is also repres5t$ at ,*elt5ham by ,/4 ,hilda's1 a resid5tial college = /ud5ts ov] eighte51 & 9 p>ticul> ! tw5ty f\ndation]s :o are int5d+ tea*]s & are receiv$ at r$uc$ fees4 ,f9ally1 ! ,old ,girls' ,guild ) its elev5 hundr$ memb]s all ov] ! _w1 its ,college ,settlem5t 9 ! ,ea/ ,end ( ,london1 & its bi5nial meet+s at ,*elt5ham1 keeps ! ,college 9 con/ant t\* ) ! "w1 social1 philan?ropic1 & pr(essional1 t is be+ done by wom5 at ! pres5t day4 ,! ,*elt5ham ,college has become a little _w ( itself4 ,x pres5ts 9 m9iature ea* ( ! developm5ts 9 wom5's education :i* has tak5 place 9 ! la/ fifty ye>s4 ,! dignity ( its beautiful build+s1 ! ideals :i* take visible =m 9 ! /atues ( repres5tative wom51 & ! /a9$-glass pres5tations ( ,scripture *>act]s & female virtues1 seem to l9k x to ! pa/2 ! en]gy & en?usiasm ( its ,pr9cipal1 & ! full tide ( life t pulses ?r\gh ! :ole1 assure its place 9 ! future ( girls' education4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,light ,,9 ,,d>k ,,places ,! fifties _h witness$ ! rise ( ^! e>lie/ colleges1 & giv5 hope to a little b& ( re=m]s ^: ef=ts on behalf ( light & progress 7 ! *ief feature ( ! sixties4 ,nev] 0 a re=m happi] 9 its advocates4 ,frances ,buss1 dream+1 :ile yet 9 h] te5s1 ( giv+ to future g5]ations ( girls t public s*ool life :i* _h be5 d5i$ to h]2 ,anne ,cl\gh1 record+ 9 h] e>ly di>y ! long+ to d h] c\ntry "s great s]vice2 ,emily ,davies1 devot+ all h] ?\ght & en]gy to mak+ t dream ( a wom5's college a reality2 ,doro!a ,beale1 /ruggl+ aga9/ opposition & prejudice to build up ! wond]ful organisation at ,*elt5ham--^! 7 "s ( ! pione]s ^: names h become z h\sehold words1 ^: portraits hang 9 _m a home ev5 beyond ! seas1 ! patron sa9ts ( our girl /ud5ts4 ,side by side ) ^! work$ o!rs1 bo? m5 & wom51 :o _h come to realise ! deplorable condition ( girls' education4 ,on ! "o h&1 compla9ts 7 he>d ( _! incompet5ce 9 dome/ic matt]s4 #8,!y _c keep h\se acc\nts1' says "o writ]2 #8!y nei!r c make pudd+s nor direct s]vants 9 mak+ !m2 !y _c make or m5d _! clo!s2 9 a sick-room !y are ei!r s n]v\s or s s5seless t _! pres5ce is worse ?an useless4' ,on ! o!r1 we he> ( ! t]rible /ra9 consequ5t on :at 0 by curi\s irony call$ ov]-education--girls sitt+ at _! books or piano f morn+ to night1 load+ _! memories ) undige/$ facts4 ,bo? evils proce$$ f ! same cause4 #8,ev]y?+ t is taught is taught dogmatically1 & consequ5tly ! p[]s ( rese>*1 inquiry1 analysis1 & reason ei!r are altoge!r cru%$ out or ru/ f want ( use4'#aa ,at ?is "t public s*ools = girls 7 practically unkn[n4 ,tea*+ 0 no pr(ession = wom5--x 0 ! ackn[l$g$ res\rce ( ! middle-ag$ sp9/] left p5niless by h] fa!r1 or ! wid[ ^: husb& _h made ducks & drakes ( ! money4 ,x 0 ! "o ?+ t anybody c\ld d1 s9ce x requir$ nei!r k nor exp]i5ce4 ,all t 0 necess>y 0 to hire a h\se1 ) a little sav$ or borr[$ capital1 & put up a brass plate on ! door1 ann\nc+ ! exi/5ce ( a select e/abli%m5t = "y ladies4 ,ea* s*oolmi/ress did :at seem$ good 9 h] own eyes or ^? ( h] pupils' p>5ts1 & ?\gh1 :5 ! pr9cipal 0 h]self a cultivat$ woman1 %e (t5 inspir$ h] pupils ) a love ( books t rema9$ ) !m 9 aft] ye>s1 ^! cases 7 ! exceptions4 ,! condition ( ! great mass ( *eap day-s*ools 0 deplorable4 ,an attempt to p5etrate beyond ^! brass-plat$ doors 0 made by ,madame ,bodi*on1 :o z ,b>b>a ,leigh ,smi? _h att5d$ "s ( ! e>lie/ classes at ,b$=d ,college4 ,! results ( h] inquiry 7 giv5 to ! ,social ,sci5ce ,congress at ,glasg[ 9 #ahfj4 ,%e /rongly d5\nc$ ! little *eap private day-s*ools1 academies1 & su* l1 #8(t5 conduct$ by brok5-d[n trades-p1 :o fail+ 9 ga9+ a livelihood 9 a good trade1 take 9 despair to :at is ju/ly consid]$1 9 consequ5ce ( ! competition ( ! s*ools assi/$ by gov]nm5t1 z a v bad bus9ess4' ,happily1 times h *ang$1 & we c af=d to smile at ! picture ( ^! #8g5teel' e/abli%m5ts1 ) _! #8insuffici5t room & v5tilation1' :]e ! "y ladies 7 taught ab\t ! #8f\r elem5ts1 e>?1 air1 fire1 & wat]1' &1 %utt+ _! eyes & _! w9d[s1 /udi$ ! wond]s ( nature 9 little *eap cate*isms4 ,"s te/ = di/+ui%+ good s*ools f bad ones seem$ desirable 9 ! be/ int]e/s ( tea*]s & pupils4 ,9 #aheg & #aheh ,ox=d & ,cambridge _h in/itut$ local exam9ations = "y p]sons n memb]s ( ! ,univ]sities4 ,^! _h prov$ useful 9 rais+ ! /&>d ( middle-class education1 giv+ an aim & a /imulus to small s*ools4 ,:y n d ! same = girls8 ,x 0 decid$ to make ! attempt4 ,9 ,octob] #ahfb a small committee 0 =m$ 9 ,london1 ) ,miss ,emily ,davies z secret>y4 ,p]mission 0 ask$ & giv5 to conduct an in=mal exam9ation = girls ) ! same pap]s z 7 set to ! boys4 ,! exam9]s look$ ov] ! answ]s & report$ on !m4 ,! results 7 some:at />tl+4 ,out ( =ty s5ior c&idates ?irty-f\r fail$ 9 prelim9>y ari?metic4 ,! juniors did a little bett]4 ,! av]age "w 9 ,engli% 0 pron\nc$ fair1 & 9 gramm> v good4 ,fr5* did n comp>e unfav\rably ) ! boys4 ,9 ,g]man only twelve c&idates pres5t$ !mselves2 all pass$--?ree ) di/9ction4 ,n su* a bad record aft] all1 b ( c\rse x 0 only ! progressive s*ools t 7 repres5t$4 ,^! le>n$ t !y mu/ look to _! ari?metic1 & !y did s ) excell5t results4 ,bo? ! successes & ! failures %[$ ! value ( ! exp]im5t1 & x 0 resolv$ to repeat x4 ,a memorial 0 s5t to ! ,vice-,*ancellor ( ,cambridge1 sign$ by m ?an a ?\s& p]sons engag$ 9 tea*+ or int]e/$ 9 education4 ,! result 0 ! =mal admission ( girls to ^! exam9ations4 ,9 #ahfe !y 7 held at six places3 ,brighton1 ,bri/ol1 ,cambridge1 ,man*e/]1 ,london1 & ,%effield4 ,a hundr$ & tw5ty-six c&idates ent]$2 n9ety pass$4 ,a great advance _h be5 made 9 two ye>s4 ,ari?metic 0 no long] a /umbl+-block4 ,out ( ! :ole numb] ( c&idates only ?ree fail$ 9 x4 ,engli% hi/ory came 9 = a %>e ( praise4 #8,! exam9]s ?\ght ! /yle ( ! girls' replies bett] ?an t ( ! boys4' #8,! answ]s ( ! s5ior & junior girls 7 ord]ly & me?odical1 & ! writ+ & expression good4 ,! pap]s ( _m gave pro( ( c>e & ability on ! "p ( bo? tea*] & s*ol>1' & m to ! same effect4 ,9 #ahff !re 7 two hundr$ & two girls at t5 c5tres4 ,?is "t ! report 0 ev5 m satisfactory4 ,^! results 7 mo/ valuable4 ,!y prov$ t !re mu/ be _m good s*ools 9 ! c\ntry1 & "s tea*]s :o c\ld le>n f ! success & failure ( _! pupils4 ,no "t c\ld h be5 m opportune = ?is exp]im5t1 = j !n a ,royal ,commission 0 mak+ an inquiry into all ! s*ools t _h n be5 includ$ 9 ! ,popul> ,education ,commission1 or t :i* exam9$ into ! n9e great public s*ools4 ,?is really meant a g5]al survey ( boys' second>y education2 & to boys x w\ld h be5 conf9$1 _h x n be5 = ^? same en]getic wom5 :o _h inaugurat$ ! re=m ( girls' education4 ,"h 0 an opportunity n to be miss$4 ,once m signatures 7 collect$ = a memorial1 ?is "t to beg = ! inclusion ( girls' s*ools 9 ! scope ( ! inquiry4 ,?is 0 grant$1 & cons5t giv5 to ! admission ( a few ladies to give evid5ce4 ,"s trepidation 0 felt at s novel a proce$+4 ,?irty ye>s lat]1 :5 ano!r su* ,commission 0 appo9t$1 & wom5 7 includ$ among ! ,commission]s1 _! appo9tm5t caus$ less rem>k ?an ! invitation giv5 9 #ahfe to a few ladies to give in=mation on a subject on :i* none 7 bett] qualifi$ to speak4 ,s quickly has public op9ion *ang$6 ,n9e ladies gave evid5ce be=e ! ,commission4 ,! mo/ valuable te/imony came f ,miss ,buss1 at t "t head ( a l>ge private s*ool1 ,miss ,beale1 ,pr9cipal ( ,*elt5ham ,college1 & ,miss ,emily ,davies1 :o 0 tak+ s active a "p 9 all re=ms t conc]n$ girls4 ,eight ,assi/ant ,commission]s 7 reque/$ to make special inquiries z to ! girls' s*ools 9 select$ di/ricts4 ,_! task prov$ no easy "o4 ,! reque/ to be all[$ to inspect s*ools or procure in=mation ab\t !m by o!r means 0 met sometimes by indignant refusal1 at o!rs by a sil5ce z eloqu5t4 ,h[ev]1 9 spite ( difficulties1 x prov$ possible to obta9 returns f a good numb] & exam9e "s m or less ?or\ghly4 ,s9ce ! assumption seems fair t x 0 ! sup]ior s*ools :i* 7 mo/ ready = inspection1 ! reports mu/ be read ) ! m5tal addition ( an ev5 worse /ate ( ?+s beh9d t rema9$ unreveal$4 ,at any rate1 !re 0 en\gh to make out a case = action4 ,! report :i* 0 issu$ 9 #ahfg summ>is$ ! impression =m$ by ! ,assi/ant ,commission]s4 #8,x _c be d5i$ t ! picture br\ght be=e u ( ! /ate ( middle-class female education is1 on ! :ole1 unfav\rable4 ,! g5]al defici5cy 9 girls' education is /at$ ) ! utmo/ confid5ce1 & ) entire agreem5t1 ) :atev] diff]5ce ( words1 by _m witnesses ( au?ority4 ,want ( ?or\ghness & f\ndation2 want ( sy/em2 slov5l9ess & %[y sup]ficiality2 inatt5tion to rudim5ts2 undue "t giv5 to accompli%m5ts1 & ^? n taught intellig5tly or 9 any sci5tific mann]2 want ( organisation--^! may suffici5tly indicate ! "* ( ! compla9ts we h receiv$ 9 _! mo/ g5]al aspect4 ,x is ne$less to obs]ve t ! same compla9ts apply to a great ext5t to boys' education4 ,b1 on ! :ole1 ! evid5ce is cle> t1 n z !y might be b z !y are1 ! girls' s*ools are inf]ior 9 ?is view to ! boys' s*ools4' ,mr4 ,norris1 "o ( ! ,assi/ant ,commission]s1 says3 #8,we f9d1 z a rule1 a v small am\nt ( pr(essional skill1 an inf]ior set ( s*ool-books1 a va/ deal ( dry1 un9t]e/+ task-"w1 rules put into ! memory ) no explanation ( _! pr9ciples1 no sy/em ( exam9ation wor?y ( ! "n1 a v false e/imate ( ! relative value ( ! sev]al k9ds ( acquirem5t1 a ref]5ce to effect r ?an to solid wor?1 a t5d5cy to fill or adorn r ?an /r5g!n ! m9d4' ,!re is unanim\s te/imony z to ! undue am\nt ( "t giv5 to accompli%m5ts1 music 9 p>ticul>4 ,!re are "s elaborate calculations z to ! total numb] ( h\rs sp5t on acquir+ a me*anical skill on ! piano1 ?\gh ab\t a ?ird ( ! pupils nev] make ! slighte/ use ( x aft] !y h left s*ool4 ,! music play$ is bad2 !re is little tra9+ = ! ta/e & none = ! m9d 9 ?is /udy to :i* girls devote almo/ z mu* "t z _! bro!rs d to classics4 ,next to music mod]n languages absorb$ mo/ ( ! "t & en]gies ( ! pupils1 & yet ! ,commission]s unanim\sly report ) sev]ity on ! results atta9$4 ,v few girls c\ld compose a ,fr5* s5t5ce correctly2 slip%od gramm> & bad pronunciation are not$1 & set d[n to ! habit ( speak+ ,fr5* out ( s*ool h\rs1 by :i* a sort ( j>gon 0 develop$ incompreh5sible to an outsid]1 & n ev5 up to ! /&>d ( ,/rat=d-atte-,b[e4 ,on ! subject ( ,sci5ce ,mr4 ,fit* wrote3 #8,few ?+s are sadd] ?an to see h[ ! sublime/ ( all physical sci5ces is vulg>is$ 9 ladies' s*ools4 ,no subject1 if prop]ly taught1 is bett] calculat$ to exalt ! imag9ation & to k9dle l>ge ?\ghts 9 a pupils m9d4 ,yet all ! gr&eur & va/ness are elim9at$ f ! /udy ( ,a/ronomy z commonly pursu$2 & ! pupils ^: att5tion has nev] be5 direct$ to any "o ( ! great laws by :i* ! univ]se is gov]n$1 ?9k !y are le>n+ a/ronomy :5 !y are twi/+ a globe r\nd & r\nd1 & solv+ a few problems 9 latitude & longitude4' ,ari?metic comes 9 = ! wor/ c5sure4 ,x is spok5 ( z #8! weak po9t 9 wom5 tea*]s4' #8,x w\ld be an affectation ( polit5ess1' says ,mr4 ,hammond1 to say a ^w on behalf ( ! ari?metic taught by ladies4 ,x is always meagre & almo/ always un9tellig5t4' ,! s*ool-books receive almo/ unqualifi$ abuse1 9 p>ticul> ,mangnall's ,que/ions & #8all ! noxi\s brood ( cate*isms4' ,hi/ory & #8miscellane\s subjects' are too (t5 taught f ^!1 geography & gramm> f wret*$ little text-books1 all ! sci5ces 9 ! c\rse ( a few lectures4 ,n[ & !n a ^w ( praise is giv5 to ,engli% lit]ature & composition1 e4g41 #8,engli% lit]ature occupies a m prom95t position 9 ! education ( girls ?an ( boys4444 ,! object ( ! lessons is to ex]cise ! memory & to cultivate ! imag9ation ( ! s*ol>s2 _! mo/ b5eficial result is obs]vable 9 ! /yle ( composition acquir$ by girls at a comp>atively e>ly age4 ,:]eas a boy ( fifte5 h>dly ev] succe$s 9 putt+ toge!r half a doz5 readable s5t5ces1 a girl ( ! same age (t5 writes ) mu* fre$om & flu5cy4444 ,a bundle ( lett]s writt5 by girls ( sev5te5 or eighte5 af=d$ me real pleasure2 _m ( ^! 7 well conceiv$ & well express$1 & !y pres5t$ a v>iety ( /yle & subject :i* prov$ t !y 7 n manufactur$ to ord] or ca/ 9 any /]eotyp$ m\ld4'#ab ,"o ( ! mo/ s]i\s defects is ! lack ( all physical tra9+1 :ile attempts are made to comb9e ex]cise & in/ruction1 e4g4 by repeat+ ,fr5* v]bs :5 out walk+1 ?us a*iev+ nei!r result satisfactorily4 ,n only 7 ! ,commission]s ( "o m9d 9 _! /rictures1 b !re is a /rik+ unanimity ab\t _! recomm5dations4 ,mr4 ,giff>d's lucid summ>y may be tak5 z also repres5t+ ! views ( 8 colleagues3 #8,if ,i 7 to sum up ! impression ,i d]iv$ f my visits to girls' s*ools1 ,i %\ld say1 7#a7 t ! m5tal tra9+ ( ! be/ girls' s*ools is unmi/akably inf]ior to t ( ! be/ boys' s*ools2 7#b7 t !re is no natural inaptitude 9 girls to deal ) any ( ! subjects :i* =m ! /aple ( a boy's education2 7#c7 t !re is no dis9cl9ation on ! "p ( ! majority ( tea*]s to assimilate ! /udies ( girls to ^? ( boys2 7#d7 t ! pres5t inf]iority ( girls' tra9+ is due to ! despotism ( fa%ion1 or1 9 o!r words1 ! despotism ( p>5ts or gu>dians4' ,!re is a g5]al cons5sus ( op9ion on ! foll[+ po9ts3-- #a4 ,mo/ girls' s*ools are too small4 #8,!re is little life1 no collective in/ruction1 & no?+ to call =? ! be/ p[]s ( ei!r tea*] or le>n] 9 a s*ool :]e ea* class consi/s ( two or ?ree pupils only4'--7,mr4 ,fit*47 #b4 ,!y lack prop] organisation4 #8,!re is a c]ta9 numb] ( classes or ( girls le>n+ p>ticul> ?+s1 b !re is nei!r any def9ite c\rse ( /udies nor any gr\p+ ( classes1 s z to play into "o ano!r4'--7,mr4 ,bryce47 #c4 ,want ( prop] proportion 9 arrang+ subjects4 #d4 ,poor quality ( ! tea*+1 due to ! inf]ior education ( ! tea*]s !mselves4 #e4 ,lack ( an ext]nal /&>d to act z a /imulus to ! le>n] & help to ! tea*]4 ,mr4 ,bryce's recomm5dations are ( special int]e/1 s9ce !y m>k out ! l9es on :i* ! *ief re=ms h proce$$4 ,!y are ^!3-- #a4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( s*ools = girls "u prop] au?ority & sup]vision4 #8,x w\ld be at all ev5ts mo/ desirable to provide 9 e t[n l>ge en\gh to be wor?y ( a gramm> s*ool a day s*ool = girls1 "u public managem5t1 :]e a pla91 s\nd education %\ld be (f]$ at ! l[e/ prices 7f #e p] annum or upw>ds7 compatible ) ! provision ( good sal>ies = tea*]s1 & :i* %\ld be regul>ly exam9$ by compet5t p]sons !reto appo9t$4' #b4 ,consid]able *anges 9 ! c\rse ( in/ruction = girls ( all classes4 #8,x w\ld be prop] to lay m /ress ^u ari?metic1 to introduce ma!matics ev]y:]e1 & ,lat9 :]e !re is a fair prospect ( a girl's be+ able to sp5d f\r h\rs a week ^u x = ?ree ye>s4' #c4 ,! f\ndation ( in/itutions :i* %\ld give to wom5 ! same opportunity ( obta9+ high] education :i* ! ,univ]sities give to boys4 ,! lack ( ?is high] tra9+ injures ! s*ool education by l[]+ its tone1 & op5+ up no wid] field ( k to ! m /udi\s & eag] s*ol>s4 ,an ev5 worse result is #8! l[ /&>d ( education & ( k ab\t education among s*oolmi/resses & gov]nesses4'444 #8,x is f ! adv5t ( m highly educat$ tea*]s t ! fir/ improvem5t 9 ! education ( girls is to be hop$ =4' ,su* 0 ! v]dict ( ?is fam\s ,commission1 ^: #8revelations' h figur$ 9 s _m prizegiv+ spee*es4 ,! report fill$ tw5ty /\t volumes1 :i* 7 duly relegat$ to _! place on (ficial %elves1 to accumulate du/2 & !re1 ?irty ye>s aft]1 !y h be5 jo9$ by ! n9e volumes drawn up by our late/ educational ,commission4 ,truly has x be5 said t ! be/ way to %elve a "q 9 ,engl& is to let a ,royal ,commission sit ^u x4 ,b ev5 a ,royal ,commission & a tw5ty-volume report c\ld n %elve ! subject ( girls' education2 ! re=m]s 7 too mu* 9 e>ne/4 ,miss ,beale extract$ f ^! pond]\s blue tomes all t relat$ to girls1 & repr9t$ x 9 a compact little volume4 ,ev5 be=e its appe>ance action _h be5 tak54 ,! ,cambridge ,local ,exam9ations _h drawn s*oolmi/resses toge!r & giv5 !m a common int]e/4 ,!y n[ began to =m associations 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,"o 0 />t$ 9 ,london1 ) ,miss ,buss z ,presid5t & ,miss ,davies z ,secret>y4 ,! ,nor? ( ,engl& prov$ a specially cong5ial sph]e = ?is =m ( union4 ,! ,ladies' ,honor>y ,c\ncil ( ! ,york%ire ,bo>d ( ,education 0 an outcome ( ! introduction into t c\nty ( ! ,local ,exam9ations1 b x soon ext5d$ its op]ations ov] wid] fields1 e4g4 dome/ic economy & sanit>y sci5ce1 z well z ! ext5sion ( end[m5ts to girls4 ,ev5 m f>-rea*+ 9 its results 0 ! ,nor? ( ,engl& ,c\ncil4 ,?is too orig9at$ 9 ,s*oolmi/resses' associations1 among :i* ,miss ,a4 ,j4 ,cl\gh 0 a mov+ _s4 ,9 #ahfe %e contribut$ to ,macmillan's ,magaz9e an article sett+ =? c]ta9 s*emes = improv+ girls' education4 ,"o ( ^! 0 to e/abli% 9 o!r l>ge t[ns c\rses ( lectures simil> to ^? giv5 at ,que5's & ,b$=d ,colleges1 to be att5d$ by ! old] pupils f s*ools & by tea*]s4 ,co-op]ation betwe5 sev]al t[ns w\ld make x possible to engage really able lectur]s f ,ox=d & ,cambridge4 ,! exp]im5t 0 fir/ tri$ at ,liv]pool1 & spread to ,man*e/]1 ,le$s1 & ,%effield4 ,associations 7 =m$ 9 ^! f\r t[ns1 & by ! election ( two repres5tatives f ea*1 ! #8,nor? ( ,engl& ,c\ncil = ,promot+ ! ,high] ,education ( ,wom5' 0 con/itut$ 9 #ahfg1 ) ,miss ,cl\gh z secret>y & ,mrs4 ,butl] z presid5t4 ,! lectures prov$ a ph5om5al success4 ,9 ! autumn ( #ahfh ! numb]s ( ! comb9$ audi5ces 9 n9e t[ns am\nt$ to #aejj1 & ,mr4 ,f4 ,my]s writ+ ( !m 9 ,macmillan1 enum]at$ _! advantages ?us3 #8#a4 ,!y conta9 )9 !mselves ! g]m ( univ]sity ext5sion4 #8#b4 ,!y confront "y wom5 9 a reasonable mann] ) reasonable m54 #8#c4 ,!y enc\rage & help gov]nesses1 :o att5d 9 l>ge numb]s1 & are glad to h good tea*+ & to "k ( ! be/ books4 #8#d4 ,!y =m a nucleus = educational libr>ies & = ! fri5d%ips ( fell[-/ud5ts4 #8#e4 ,!y pay4' ,^! lectures 7 9 actual fact ! beg9n+ ( ,univ]sity ,ext5sion1 b ! "w ( ! ,nor? ( ,engl& ,c\ncil did n /op "h4 ,a fur!r aim = /udy 0 ne$$1 & "s m advanc$ exam9ation ?an ^? = girls "u eighte51 if wom5 7 to be qualifi$ to in/ruct girls 9 any?+ b elem5t>y subjects4 ,a petition 0 drawn up & s5t to ,cambridge ) ! signatures ( ov] #fjj ladies engag$ 9 tea*+1 #cjj int]e/$ 9 x1 & six memb]s ( ! late ,s*ools' ,inquiry ,commission4 ,!y po9t$ out #8! great want :i* is felt by wom5 ( ! upp] & middle classes1 p>ticul>ly by ^? engag$ 9 tea*+1 ( high] exam9ations suitable to _! own ne$s4' ,! petition 0 grant$1 & ! fir/ ,wom5's ,exam9ation held 9 #ahfi4 ,look+ back on ^! pa/ days n[ t x is ! fa%ion to decry exam9ation z ! dea? ( education1 x is int]e/+ to realise :at ?is mu* abus$ sy/em really did to give x fre% life4 ,! ,cambridge ,s5ior & ,junior ,locals 7 ! fir/ l9k e/abli%$ betwe5 girls' s*ools & ! univ]sity1 & x w\ld be difficult to ov]-e/imate _! value 9 ?is p]iod ( *aos4 ,_! utility 0 recognis$ at once4 ,!y spread all ov] ! c\ntry & to ! colonies2 & !y are widely us$ by s*ools1 bo? public & private1 & by *ildr5 work+ ) gov]nesses at home4 ,ed9burgh & ,durham soon foll[$ suit 9 ! admission ( girls1 & 9 #ahgj ,ox=d too rel5t$4 ,london did its "p by in/itut+ a special ,wom5's ,exam9ation on ! l9es ( ,matriculation1 & 9 #ahfi t ( ,cambridge 0 held = ! fir/ "t4 ,^! 7 ! g]ms ( future developm5ts4 ,at ,london ! way 0 pav$ = op5+ ! degrees to wom52 ! ,cambridge ,wom5's ,exam9ation l$ to ! f\ndation ( ,newnham4 ,to "s ext5t ! "w ( ^! exam9ations is done4 ,conditions h *ang$2 & ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,ox=d & ,cambridge ,jo9t ,bo>d1 & ! op5+ ( ! univ]sities to wom5 h remov$ ! necessity = ?is k9d ( exam9ation 9 s*ools ( ! fir/ grade4 ,b 9 small private1 & 9 middle-grade s*ools1 & = *ildr5 work+ ) gov]nesses at home1 !y are /ill ( di/9ct use1 & _! popul>ity does n seem to dim9i%1 if numb]s are any te/4 ,%\ld !y ev] become ne$less1 ow+ to a m p]fect s*ool organisation1 we mu/ /ill hold _! memory 9 respect1 = !y c %[ a good record4 ,x is _! m]it t at a "t :5 no s*oolmi/ress _h a ,college tra9+ & no ,univ]sity exam9] ev] ent]$ a girls' s*ool1 !y suppli$ a sl5d] l9k betwe5 ! s*ool & ! univ]sity1 & :5 !re 0 no /&>d = girls' education1 & (t5 nei!r organisation nor curriculum1 !y did af=d an aim & a /imulus1 :i*1 if n absolutely ! be/1 prov$ at any rate tru/wor?y guides4 ,if exam9ation is n education x has (t5 l$ to x1 & nev] m successfully ?an 9 ! case ( girls & wom54 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,high ,,s*ools ,! ,report ( ! ,s*ools' ,inquiry ,commission 9 #ahfg s]v$ z a revelation1 = x br\ght home to ! g5]al public ! exce$+ly unsatisfactory condition ( middle-class education = bo? boys & girls4 ,its imm$iate outcome 0 an exam9ation & r$i/ribution ( end[m5ts1 9 :i* = ! fir/ "t ! claims ( girls 7 consid]$4 ,b x 0 evid5t t ev5 ! mo/ judici\s application ( exi/+ end[m5ts c\ld n suffice to fill all ! educational gaps 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! ,commission]s _h !re=e includ$ among _! recomm5dations ! foll[+3--#a4 ,to (f] propriet>y & private s*ools ! same inspection & exam9ation z 7 requir$ 9 public s*ools1 & to make _! position m assur$ by a sy/em ( s*ool regi/ration4 #b4 ,to give p[] to t[ns & p>i%es to rate !mselves = ! e/abli%m5t ( new s*ools4 ,^! sugge/ions rema9$ a pi\s op9ion1 = no action 0 (ficially tak51 b 7z s (t5 happ5s 9 ,engl&7 private ent]prise /epp$ 91 & comp5sat$ = public laxness4 ,! inquiry _h done good s]vice 9 ?r[+ light on ! ineffici5t condition ( small & *eap private s*ools = girls1 ( :i* !re 7 su* l>ge numb]s 9 ! c\ntry4 ,cle>ly :at 0 want$ 0 a sy/em ( s*ools l>ge en\gh to p]mit ( l[ fees & satisfactory grad+4 ,mu* ( ! evid5ce _h be5 negative1 & %[$ :at to avoid4 ,happily !re 7 a few s*ools 9 exi/5ce :i* c\ld s]ve z beacon lights4 ,( ^! ! ,nor? ,london ,collegiate & ! ,*elt5ham ,ladies' ,college took ! fir/ rank4 ,! =m]1 ?\gh really a l>ge private s*ool1 _h be5 organis$ by ,miss ,buss on public l9es1 ) a view to be+ ultimately plac$ on a s\nd & p]man5t foot+4 ,! latt] 0 a l>ge propriet>y s*ool1 s plann$ z to be 9 no ne$ ( public money4 ,bo? ,miss ,buss & ,miss ,beale 7 unanim\s 9 urg+ ! e/abli%m5t ( l>ge public s*ools = girls4 ,speak+ ( ,london1 ,miss ,buss _h said1 #8,i ?9k1 9 ! fir/ place1 !re are sc>cely any good s*ools2 9 ! next place1 !re are v few good tea*]s2 & 9 ! ?ird place1 !re is no motive (f]$ to ! girls = /udy nor to _! p>5ts to keep !m at s*ool4' ,miss ,beale consid]$ t s*ools 7 pref]able to private tea*+ at home1 because "o p]son c\ld n be mi/ress ( all ! subjects to be taught1 #8& a good tea*] c sc>cely cont9ue s :5 condemn$ to ! monotony ( ! ord9>y private s*ool-room4' ,small s*ools c\ld n be prop]ly grad$ except :5 v high fees p]mitt$ ( small classes4 ,l>ge day-s*ools ) l[ fees = girls 7 call$ =4 ,?is mu* 0 agre$ on1 b :]e 0 ! necess>y capital to be f\nd8 ,among ! public-spirit$ m5 & wom5 :o set !mselves to answ] ?is "q1 ! =emo/ place belongs to ,mrs4 ,william ,grey4 ,%e _h = "s "t be5 work+ to get a %>e ( educational end[m5ts = girls4 #8,let me rem9d y1' %e wrote at ?is "t1 #8t :ile !re are 9 or ne> ,london alone ! magnific5t fir/-grade end[$ s*ools = boys ( ! ,*>t]h\se1 ,m]*ant ,taylors1 ,/4 ,paul's1 ,h>r[1 & ,eton1 besides ,k+'s ,college & ,univ]sity ,college s*ools1 !re is n 9 ! :ole ( ,london an end[$ s*ool ( a simil> class = girls1 & t :ile ! proportion ( educational end[m5ts = girls to ^? = boys is z #a3ib1 ! proportion ( wom5 support+ !mselves is to m5 z #a3g4ai2 t is1 to quote ! words ( ,mr4 ,william ,brook1 8sev5 times z _m m5 are employ$ z wom51 b m5 h n9ety-two times z mu* money z wom51 to arm1 equip1 & qualify !mselves = ! battle ( life40' ,fail+ end[m5ts1 or ev5 side by side ) !m1 capital mu/ be obta9$ f o!r s\rces3 ?is 0 ! problem :i* _h n[ to be fac$4 ,on ,may #ca/1 #ahga1 ,mrs4 ,grey read a pap] be=e ! ,society ( ,arts on ! ,education ( ,wom54 ,%e describ$ its extremely unsatisfactory condition1 & sugge/$ ?ree rem$ies4 7#a7 ,! creation ( a s\nd] public op9ion respect+ ! ne$ & obligation ( educat+ wom54 7#b7 ,! r$i/ribution ( educational end[m5ts s z to give a fair %>e ( !m to girls4 7#c7 ,! improvem5t ( female tea*]s by _! exam9ation & regi/ration accord+ to fix$ /&>ds4 ,9 ! foll[+ ,octob]1 at ! ,social ,sci5ce ,congress at ,le$s1 %e propos$ ! e/abli%m5t ( a national ,union = ! improvem5t ( ! education ( wom5 ( all classes4 ,its objects %\ld be--7#a7 ,to enlight5 ! public m9d1 ?r\gh meet+s & lectures ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 on ! pres5t /ate ( female education1 on ! national importance ( improv+ x1 & on ! measures requir$ = t end4 7#b7 ,to collect & dissem9ate in=mation respect+ ! be/ me?ods ( education1 ! comp>ative advantages ( l>ge & small s*ools1 ! influ5ce ( end[m5ts1 & g5]ally all que/ions connect$ ) ! tra9+ ( girls4 7#c7 ,to promote measures = ! bett] tra9+ ( female tea*]s1 & especially = _! exam9ation & regi/ration by fix$ /&>ds1 s z to secure a measure ( compet5cy4 7#d7 ,to assi/ ! =mation ( c\ncils simil> to ! ,nor? ( ,engl& ,c\ncil = ! ,education ( ,wom5 9 o!r divisions ( ! c\ntry1 &1 :ile endeav\r+ to multiply local c5tres ( activity1 to af=d all work]s 9 ! same cause a common bond ( union1 & a means ( int]communication & comb9$ action4 ,! proposal 0 fav\rably receiv$2 #cjj names 7 at once giv5 9 = memb]%ip1 & a provisional committee =m$4 ,individual subscriptions 7 fix$ at five %ill+s2 & an affiliation fee ( n less ?an a gu9ea annually entitl$ corporate associations to be repres5t$ on ! annual g5]al c\ncil1 & to all ! privileges ( memb]%ip4 ,?is ,national ,union suppli$ a real ne$4 ,memb]s p\r$ 9 fa/4 ,! ,pr9cess ,l\ise cons5t$ to become presid5t1 & ! roll ( vice-presid5ts 0 a di/+ui%$ "o4 ,bran* unions 7 =m$1 & associations already exi/+ at ,belfa/1 ,dubl91 ,birm+ham1 ,cambridge1 ,clifton1 ,falm\?1 ,gu]nsey1 ,hudd]sfield1 ,norwi*1 ,plym\?1 ,nor?ampton1 ,wakefield1 ,w9*e/]1 & ,w9dsor 7 br\ght into memb]%ip ) ! ,union4 ,_m ( ! ,s*oolmi/resses' ,associations s\ght affiliation3 ! ,ladies' ,c\ncil ( ! ,york%ire ,bo>d ( ,education1 & ! ,nor? ( ,engl& ,c\ncil also jo9$ ! ,union1 & cons5t$ to appo9t repres5tatives to ! c5tral committee4 ,) admirably organis$ ma*9]y direct$ by k & en?usiasm1 great re=ms seem$ possible1 & 9 #ahgb ! ,union proce$$ to its fir/ piece ( con/ructive "w1 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,girls' ,public ,day ,s*ool ,company4 ,proce$+s 7 inaugurat$ at a meet+ at ! ,alb]t ,hall1 ) ,"l ,lyttelton 9 ! *air4 ,proposals 7 br\ght =w>d = />t+ a %>ehold+ company #8= ! purpose ( e/abli%+ & ma9ta9+ 9 ,london & ! prov9ces sup]ior day-s*ools1 at a mod]ate co/1 = girls ( all classes above ^? provid$ = by ! ,elem5t>y ,education ,act4' ,a capital ( #ab1jjj 0 to be rais$ 9 #bdjj %>es ( #e ea*4 ,! proposal f\nd fav\r1 prospectuses 7 s5t out1 accompani$ by a lett] f ,pr9cess ,l\ise2 #hjj %>es 7 at once tak5 up1 & ! company 0 float$4 ,among ! e>lie/ memb]s ( its c\ncil 7 ! ,m>quis ( ,lorne1 ! ,d[ag] ,lady ,/anley ( ,ald]ley1 ,sir ,j4 ,k4 ,%uttlewor?1 ,mrs4 ,william ,grey1 ,miss ,m>y ,gurney1 & ,miss ,%irreff1 ,sir ,d\glas ,galton1 ,k4,c4,b41 & ,mr4 ,c4 ,s4 ,r\ndell4 ,! next /ep 0 to op5 s*ools1 & ,*elsea 0 *os5 z ! sc5e ( ! fir/ exp]im5t4 ,miss ,port] 0 appo9t$ head-mi/ress1 & a suitable h\se 0 hir$4 ,! s*ool began ) tw5ty-five girls1 & rapidly increas$4 ,a few mon?s lat] a second "o 0 op5$ at ,nott+ ,hill ) ,miss ,jones z head4 ,= ^! fir/ exp]im5tal s*ools no %>es 7 specially tak5 up 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,9 future1 any place t wi%$ = a high s*ool 0 usually requir$ to take up a c]ta9 numb]1 z a def9ite assurance ( local int]e/4 ,croydon 0 op5$ on ^! conditions 9 #ahgd1 ) tw5ty pupils4 ,!n foll[$1 9 #ahge1 ,clapham1 ,hackney1 ,ba?1 ,ox=d1 & ,nott+ham2 9 #ahgf1 ,brighton1 ,gate%ead1 & ,/4 ,john's ,wood2 9 #ahgh1 ,dulwi*1 ,ipswi*1 ,maida ,vale1 ,%effield4 ,at pres5t ! s*ools numb] ?irty-f\r4 ,!y are at ,ba?1 ,blackhea?1 ,brighton1 ,bromley1 ,c>lisle1 ,clapham 7,high & ,mod]n71 ,clapton1 ,croydon1 ,dov]1 ,dulwi*1 ,gate%ead1 ,highbury1 ,ipswi*1 ,k5s+ton1 ,liv]pool1 ,ea/ ,liv]pool1 ,maida ,vale1 ,newca/le1 ,norwi*1 ,nott+ham1 ,nott+ ,hill1 ,ox=d1 ,portsm\?1 ,ea/ ,putney1 ,%effield1 ,%rewsbury1 ,s\? ,hamp/ead1 ,/rea?am ,hill1 ,sutton1 ,syd5ham1 ,tunbridge ,wells1 ,wimbl$on1 ,york4 ,! fees are3 = pupils "u t5 ye>s ( age1 #aj1 #ajs4 a ye>2 ent]+ ! s*ool betwe5 t5 & ?irte51 or rema9+ aft] t51 #ac1 #ajs4 a ye>2 ent]+ aft] ?irte51 #af1 #ajs4 a ye>4 ,! company is on a s\nd f9ancial basis1 s9ce ! l>g] & m fl\ri%+ s*ools make up = ! defici5cies ( ! small] ones4 ,until #ahif a divid5d ( five p] c5t4 0 paid1 n[ limit$ by resolution ( ! %>ehold]s to f\r p] c5t4 ,! capital has be5 increas$ to #aej1jjj4 ,meantime simil> s*ools 7 spr++ up all ov] ! c\ntry4 ,at ,plym\? "o 0 />t$ by a local bran* ( ! ,national ,union1 at ,hudd]sfield by a local company1 at ,s\?ampton by ! ,hamp%ire ,association1 at ,man*e/] by private subscription1 at ,brad=d by an end[m5t4 ,! impulse giv5 by ! ,union & its pione] s*ools 0 felt ev]y:]e1 & x seem$ z ?\gh be=e long e l>ge t[n 9 ,engl& w\ld h a propriet>y or public s*ool = girls4 ,a rival company 0 f\nd$ 9 #ahhc4 ,! ,*ur* ,s*ools ,company diff]$ f ! ,girls' ,public ,day ,s*ool ,company 9 mak+ def9ite ,*ur* tea*+ "o ( its objects1 :ile ! religi\s in/ruction ( ! ,girls' ,public ,day ,s*ool ,company _h always aim$ at be+1 z f> z possible1 und5om9ational4 ,! promot]s ( ! ,*ur* ,s*ools ?\ght t z !re 0 room = volunt>y s*ools side by side ) bo>d s*ools1 s !re might also be scope = ,*ur* ,high ,s*ools 9 spite ( ! exi/5ce ( ! ,girls' ,public ,day ,s*ool ,company4 ,_! orig9al proposal 0 to />t s*ools ( v>i\s grades = boys & girls above ! class att5d+ elem5t>y s*ools1 :]e a g5]al education %\ld be giv51 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciples ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 at a mod]ate co/4 ,a beg9n+ 0 made ) day-s*ools = girls1 & hi!rto little else has be5 done4 ,x is probable t ?is ,*ur* ,company did1 to "s ext5t1 meet a ne$1 b x 0 n a v l>ge "o4 ,! majority ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& p>5ts are p]fectly satisfi$ ) ! religi\s in/ruction ( ! ,girls' ,public ,day ,s*ool ,company s*ools1 & ! new s*ools drew _! pupils1 n s mu* by an appeal to ^? :o disapprov$ on pr9ciple ( ! exi/+ high s*ools1 z by e/abli%+ !mselves 9 t[ns :i* ! o!r company _h n ent]$4 ,naturally !y appeal$ to a small] class1 & c nev] expect to atta9 ! numb]s ( ! und5om9ational high s*ools4 ,h5ce !y h always be51 to "s ext5t1 hamp]$1 = ?\gh ! company is f9ancially s\nd1 & gives a small divid5d to %>ehold]s1 x has _h to economise v sev]ely 9 ! matt] ( sal>ies & build+s4 ,?is mu/ always re-act to "s ext5t on ! education1 & x is probably = ?is reason t ^! ,*ur* ,s*ools h nev] atta9$ ! high position ( _! rivals4 ,! fees paid v>y accord+ to ! locality1 "s be+ z l[ z #d1 #ds41 o!rs z high z #ah1 #ahs42 #i1 #is4 to #ab1 #abs4 seems ! commone/ fee4 ,_m ( ! s*ools are v small4 ,at pres5t ! numb] is tw5ty-six1 & !y are situat$ at ,b\rnem\?1 ,brighton1 ,bury ,/4 ,edmunds1 ,d]by1 ,dewsbury1 ,durham1 ,gl\ce/]1 ,guild=d1 ,hull1 ,k5dal1 ,k5s+ton1 ,leice/]1 ,newca/le-on-,tyne1 ,nor?ampton1 ,read+1 ,reigate1 ,ri*mond1 ,/4 ,albans1 ,/rea?am1 ,/r\d ,gre51 ,sund]l&1 ,surbiton1 ,wigan1 ,woolwi*1 ,great ,y>m\?1 ,york4 ,high ,s*ools c n[ trace back _! hi/ory = a qu>t] ( a c5tury4 ,9 t "t m ?an a hundr$ h be5 f\nd$ 9 ,engl&4 ,!y h become ! typical girls' s*ools ( ?is c\ntry1 private s*ools h be5 organis$ on ! same l9es1 & ! s*eme ( l>ge day s*ools ) no di/9ction ( class1 giv+ a good education at a l[ fee1 has be5 almo/ univ]sally accept$4 ,x seems s simple & natural1 t x is h>d to realise t tw5ty-five ye>s ago x 0 a /range & !re=e a dang]\s innovation4 ,aft] all :at d we mean by a ,high ,s*ool8 ,!re is a g5]al impression ( ! mean+ ( ! t]m1 ?\gh x w\ld n be easy to def9e x4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 a ,high ,s*ool is an advanc$ s*ool1 :i* c only be ent]$ by pupils :o h already pass$ ?r\gh ! ,prim>y & ,gramm> ,s*ools2 t is1 d n ent] be=e ! age ( f\rte5 or fifte54 ,x is ?us a ,second>y ,s*ool1 =m+ ! l9k betwe5 ! prim>y in/itutions & ! ,univ]sity4 ,our ,engli% ,high ,s*ools provide bo? elem5t>y & second>y in/ruction1 & ! ages ( ! pupils range f sev5 to n9ete54 ,h5ce1 al?\gh !re is a natural division betwe5 ! ,l[] & ,upp] ,s*ool1 ! "w is closely connect$2 ! same mi/resses tea* 9 bo?1 & subjects su* z ,lat9 & ,fr5* are usually c>ri$ d[n into ! l[] classes4 ,! l[] "p ( a ,high ,s*ool is n exactly p>allel to an ,elem5t>y ,s*ool2 ! pupils h begun m subjects1 !y h be5 taught 9 small] classes1 & by diff]5t1 less rigid me?ods4 ,! ,high ,s*ool _c !re=e at pres5t be reg>d$ z ! middle rung ( ! educational ladd]4 ,9 ,engl& !re is a gap betwe5 x & ! ,elem5t>y ,s*ool1 :i* is sometimes successfully bridg$ by special means1 b ! exi/5ce ( :i* _c be disreg>d$ 9 any g5]al s*eme ( ,engli% education4 ,z ! ne$ ( second>y education is m g5]ally felt1 a sy/em ( s*ools lead+ upw>d 9 direct l9e f ! elem5t>y s*ool is be+ naturally evolv$1 & connection betwe5 ! two l9es is be+ provid$ by s*ol>%ips & o!r means4 ,b if we disreg>d a few exceptional cases1 x seems be/ to look on ! ,high ,s*ool z an organic :ole1 tak+ ! *ild f ! nurs]y to ! univ]sity1 & sometimes ev5 help+ out ! nurs]y by means ( ! k9d]g>t54 ,x is n uncommon to he> p talk ( ! ,high ,s*ool sy/em1 b ?is is mislead+4 ,9 s f> z ! ,high ,s*ools h a special sy/em1 x is ! natural outcome ( ! s*eme ( l>ge classes & c>eful gradation4 ,h5ce x resembles 9 _m respects t :i* has long prevail$ 9 ,g]many & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!re is no ,high ,s*ool ,code1 & ev5 "u ! same managem5t1 e4g4 9 ! ,girls' ,public ,day-,s*ool ,company ,s*ools1 consid]able latitude is left to ! individual head-mi/ress2 b !re are c]ta9 arrangem5ts :i* are f\nd conv5i5t 9 ! organisation ( l>ge day s*ools1 & :i* prevail ) modifications 9 all ! ,high ,s*ools1 z well z 9 _m l>ge private in/itutions4 ,! morn+ h\rs are giv5 to class tea*+2 f #i to #a1 or #i4ae to #a4ae1 be+ ! usual times4 ,subjects requir+ individual in/ruction 7:i* are usually extras71 e4g4 piano1 solo s++1 advanc$ draw+1 & pa9t+1 are taught 9 ! aft]noons1 also ,greek 9 "s s*ools1 special coa*+ 9 advanc$ ,lat9 or ,sci5ce1 & s =?4 ,! pr9ciple und]ly+ ?is arrangem5t is t ( giv+ ! be/ work+ h\rs to s]i\s m5tal "w1 & res]v+ accompli%m5ts :i* are r ! ornam5t ?an ! ess5tials ( education1 = ! latt] "p1 ?us assign+ to ! subjects ( in/ruction _! prop] relative importance1 & keep+ ! real "w ( ! s*ool undi/urb$4 ,?is arrangem5t seems s easy & natural t x w\ld be h>dly necess>y to dwell on x1 7 x n t until v lately ! opposite sy/em prevail$ 9 "s s*ools t o!rwise aim$ at ?or\ghness1 & x 0 n unusual = a girl to be call$ away 9 ! middle ( an important lesson 9 hi/ory or ari?metic1 & s5t to h] music4 ,"u ! pres5t plan1 ! great] "p ( ! girls h f9i%$ _! s*ool "w by "o o'clock1 & h ! aft]noon & ev5+ free to divide betwe5 prep>ation ( lessons 7two to ?ree h\rs71 ex]cise1 & home duties4 ,= ! b5efit ( ^? :o require help 9 _! lessons1 or _c get a quiet room at home1 a sy/em ( aft]noon prep>ation at s*ool is organis$4 ,?is g5]ally la/s an h\r & a half to two h\rs--mo/ s*ools provide a d9n] = girls :o come f a di/ance4 ,a :ole holiday on ,saturday seems ! rule ev]y:]e4 ,"s s*ools h a k9d]g>t5 dep>tm5t atta*$1 :]e little boys are taught along ) ! girls1 & a transition class :]e ! *ildr5 le>n to read be=e pass+ into ! s*ool prop]4 ,! division is into =ms1 ,i4 be+ ! l[e/1 & ,,vi4 ! highe/4 ,l>ge s*ools divide ! =ms into ,upp] & ,l[]4 ,:]e a s*ool is fully organis$1 x is usual = a :ole class to move up toge!r4 ,backw>d girls may rema9 9 ! =m ano!r ye>4 ,un=tunately _m high s*ools are too small to be fully organis$1 & 9 ^! ! gaps betwe5 ! classes are too l>ge1 & g5]al promotion impossible4 ,clev] girls sp5d "o ye> 9 a class1 sl[] ones two1 & ! disadvantage = ! latt] is v s]i\s1 s9ce !re is a we>9ess ab\t go+ ov] ! same gr\nd twice1 :i* is ! rev]se ( /imulat+4 ,l>ge classes c progress z quickly z small] ones :5 !y are v c>efully gr\p$4 ,:]e ! pupils are at diff]5t /ages !re is mu* wa/e ( "t1 & ei!r ! weak g to ! wall1 or ! /rong get less ?an _! due4 ,x is1 !re=e1 ! fir/ ess5tial ( a high s*ool t ! numb]s %\ld be l>ge1 n mu* "u two hundr$4 ,ev5 :5 ! s*ool is l>ge & ! classes "w smoo?ly toge!r1 ! girls d n all "w ev5ly 9 e subject4 ,to prev5t wa/e1 x is usual to let c]ta9 subjects1 p]haps ,ari?metic & ,engli%1 det]m9e promotion1 & to tea* ! o!rs 9 divisions4 ,two or ?ree =ms may take ,fr5* at ! same "t1 & be re>rang$ = t lesson1 return+ to _! own rooms :5 x is ov]4 ,?is mov+ ab\t af=ds a pleasant *ange1 & is q easy :5 ! build+ is a conv5i5t "o4 ,inde$1 suitable premises are almo/ z important = ! h>moni\s work+ ( a s*ool z l>ge numb]s & c>eful classification4 ,long n>r[ corridors & awkw>d /aircases are fatal to ord]4 ,ord9>y dwell+-rooms adapt$ = s*ool purposes c seldom be prop]ly v5tilat$1 & accord+ to _! position 9 ! room1 ! pupils suff] f draught or heat1 ! light falls ! wrong way ^u _! "w1 ! classes h to be grad$ to suit ! size ( ! rooms r ?an ! abilities ( ! pupils4 ,9 fact no?+ c be m unsatisfactory ?an ! adaptation z a s*ool ( an ord9>y dwell+-h\se4 ,! arrangem5t t seems to answ] be/ is t ( a l>ge c5tral hall us$ = pray]s & g5]al ga!r+s1 out ( :i* "s ( ! =m-rooms op51 :il/ ! re/1 ) extra rooms = small divisions1 are up/airs4 ,( ?is con/ruction ! ,blackhea? & ,%effield ,high ,s*ools are good examples4 ,! f9e/ girls' build+s are naturally f\nd :]e !re is an end[m5t1 z at ! ,nor? ,london ,collegiate1 ! ,b$=d1 & ,man*e/] ,high ,s*ools4 ,few1 if any ( ! ,*ur* s*ools h specially con/ruct$ build+s1 & sev]al ( ! ,girls' ,public ,day ,s*ool ,company's ,s*ools are c>ri$ on 9 adapt$ premises4 ,"s grant ( public money = build+s to really effici5t propriet>y s*ools w\ld probably be ! *eape/ & mo/ effective way ( help+ girls' education 9 _m ( our l>ge t[ns4 ,! ,nor? ,london ,collegiate1 bo? 9 po9t ( "t & 9 importance1 claims prec$5ce z ! pione] high s*ool4 ,x 0 9 work+ ord] :5 ! ,girls' ,public ,day ,s*ool ,company />t$1 & 0 d\btless ! model set be=e its promot]s4 ,! foll[+ acc\nt writt5 9 #ahhc by ,mrs4 ,bryant1 :o is n[ head-mi/ress1 is 9 _m ways typical1 & applies mutatis mut&is to ! g5]al r\t9e ( all fully equipp$ high s*ools4 #8,ent]+ ! s*ool ) ! girls 9 ! morn+1 we %\ld proce$ fir/ ?r\gh ! entrance hall d[n to ! basem5t1 & into ! cloak-rooms4 ,"h ea* girl has a numb]$ place provid$ ) hooks = cloak & hat1 umbrella-/&1 boot-rack1 & bag = ! h\se-boots1 :i* %e always we>s :ile 9 s*ool4 ,!re are also %elves = books :ile dress+ is go+ on1 & =ms = use 9 *ang+ boots4 ,s9ce ! space allott$ is ample1 & ! girls come 9 relays1 bo? be=e & aft] s*ool1 cr[d+ is avoid$4 #8,:5 ready1 ea* girl goes up/airs ) h] books to ! great hall1 :]e ! rule ( sil5ce is /rictly en=c$4 ,at #i4ae1 all are assembl$ = pray]s1 ea* =m 9 its place1 :ile ! prefects1 :o are memb]s ( ! six? =m1 & are elect$ by x & ! tea*]s ( ! upp] division ( ! s*ool1 are scatt]$ among ! o!r =ms1 z gu>dians ( public ord]1 dur+ ! int]val ( wait+4 ,aft] pray]s1 ea* =m m>*es out ) its mi/ress to its own room4 ,five class-rooms op5 out ( ! hall on ! gr\nd floor2 ^! are us$ by ! upp] division ( ! s*ool1 includ+ ! six? =m1 & f\r sub-divisions ( ! fif? =m4 ,five m op5 out ( ! hall gall]y1 us$ by all ! sub-divisions ( ! f\r? =m1 :i* con/itute ! middle division ( ! s*ool4 ,above ^! two ti]s1 !re is a ?ird set ( rooms1 ?ree class-rooms & ! draw+ s*ool4 ,! l[] divisions ( ! s*ool use ^! f\r rooms1 besides "o ( ! irregul>ly plac$ rooms4 ,( ! latt] !re are sev]al1 ly+ ) ! laboratories1 lecture-room1 libr>ies1 & music-rooms1 on ! side ( ! great /one /aircase1 opposite ! ,clo?work]s' hall4 #8,ea* class room conta9s #efjj cubic feet1 & is fitt$ = ?irty-two girls4 ,all h ,sw$i% desks1 except ! eld] girls1 :o h sep>ate desks ) *airs4 ,!re is a rais$ plat=m = ! tea*]1 ) a *air & table4 ,all ! rooms are fitt$ ) cupbo>ds1 & 9 mo/ !re is a small circulat+ libr>y1 :i* ! girls c use on paym5t ( a small subscription4 ,! p9e wa9scot1 brick walls1 & til$ fire-places ( ! class-rooms1 make a good backgr\nd = ! decorations ( ! ,kyrle societies1 :i* exi/ 9 ea* class2 & all ! rooms h pictures on ! walls1 z well z notice-bo>ds & "t-tables4 ,ano!r in/itution ( ! decorative k9d is ! w9d[ g>d51 ) :i* _m ( ! rooms are provid$1 & 9 :i* ! girls take1 = ! mo/ "p1 great pride4 #8,9 ^! rooms ! h>d "w ( ! day goes on till #a4cj1 ) an int]val1 z ne> ! middle z possible1 ( tw5ty-five m9utes1 = a light lun* & drill4 ,9 five sep>ate relays1 ! girls proce$ to ! d9+-hall1 :i*1 ) ! kit*5s & h\sekeep]'s room1 lies "u ! great hall4 ,"h !y c buy buns1 biscuits1 bread & butt]1 fruit1 c(fee1 milk1 & lemonade1 &1 :ile talk+ z l\dly & z mu* z !y please1 !y are requir$ to take _! /& 9 ord]ly l9es across ! room4 ,f ! d9+-hall ! girls proce$ to ! gymnasium1 a v f9e room1 #ajj feet long by #cj feet broad1 :]e !y h musical drill = a qu>t] ( an h\r4 ,monday & ,?ursday1 h[ev]1 are days = special cali/h5ic ex]cise1 la/+ half-an-h\r ea* day4 ,!n "w is resum$ till #a4cj1 :5 ! s*ool is dismiss$ 9 relays1 z be=e /at$4' ,ev5 m important ?an ! r\t9e ( a s*ool is its curriculum2 & "h ! ne$ ( ! re=m]'s h& is /ill felt acutely4 ,! subjects includ$ 9 ! ,girls' ,public ,day ,s*ool ,company prospectuses are ! foll[+--,religi\s ,in/ruction1 ,read+1 ,writ+1 ,ari?metic1 ,ma!matics1 ,book-keep+1 ,engli% gramm>1 composition1 & lit]ature1 ,hi/ory1 ,geography1 ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 ,lat91 ! elem5ts ( ,physical ,sci5ce1 ,social ,economy1 ,draw+1 ,class-s++ & ,h>mony1 ,gymna/ic ,ex]cises1 & ,ne$lework4 ,to ^! ,greek mu/ n[ be add$1 s9ce x is taught 9 e s*ool t prep>es = college4 ,! prospectus says #8any or all ( ^! may be taught1' :i* means t ! head-mi/ress has1 )9 c]ta9 limits1 a "r ( selection4 ,h5ce ! t5d5cy ( s*ools1 ev5 "u ! same managem5t1 to v>y greatly4 ,n only is !re z yet no cons5sus ( op9ion 9 ,engl& z to ! be/ curriculum = girls' s*ools1 b ev5 ! g5]al aim to be kept 9 view seems by no means det]m9$4 ,mrs4 ,bryant lays d[n ! incontrov]tible dictum t #8! ideal ( ! curriculum is a balance ( subjects s t all normal faculties & int]e/s may be cultivat$4' ,b !re is ano!r side :i* _c be neglect$1 & ! claims ( ! ideal vani% into insignificance be=e ! dem&s ( practical life & outside exam9ation4 ,9 spite ( ! repeat$ promises t exam9ation is to be s]vant & n ma/] we mu/ n hope to escape f its dom9ion z long z x is ! #8op5 sesame' ( colleges & pr(essions4 ,a r\gh te/1 x is /ill ! be/ hi!rto devis$1 & s]ves on ! :ole to sep>ate ! %eep f ! goats4 ,s9ce we mu/1 !re=e1 ackn[l$ge its sov]eignty1 x behoves u to see t x ex]cises a wise & b5evol5t tyranny4 ,h[ev] mu* we may prote/1 ! curriculum ( a s*ool w always be l>gely det]m9$ by ! nature ( its leav+ exam9ation1 s9ce ?is regulates ! "w ( ! upp] =ms1 & ^! m or less m\ld ! l[]4 ,"s s*ools r$uce ?is exam9ation "w to a m9imum1 res]v+ x entirely = ! highe/ =m1 :ile o!rs use ! ma*9]y ( outside exam9ations to det]m9e ! :ole ( _! "w4 ,! ,nor? ,london ,collegiate belongs to ?is latt] class4 ,! upp] "p is organis$ accord+ to two p>allel c\rses4 ,( ^! ,a4 leads to ! ,london degree exam9ations1 t is to ,matriculation or 9 "s cases ,int]m$iate ,arts1 & ,c\rse ,b4 to ! ,cambridge ,s5ior & ,high] ,locals4 ,all ^! exam9ations "u c]ta9 conditions admit to ! ,wom5's ,colleges at ,ox=d & ,cambridge1 & h5ce act ! d\ble "p ( a leav+ & entrance exam9ation1 b ?is s*ool also makes use ( ! l[] exam9ations1 e4g41 ! ,prelim9>y & ,junior ,locals4 ,h5ce ! "w ( ^! classes mu/ be direct$ to ! set subjects requir$ = ^! exam9ations1 & mu/ include ! p>ticul> p]iods ( hi/ory1 works 9 lit]ature1 & ,fr5* & ,g]man books t are laid d[n by ! exam9]s1 ev5 ?\gh !y may n seem ! mo/ suitable 9 o!r respects4 ,_m educationali/s ?9k ?is disadvantage\s to ! g5]al plan ( a girls' s*ool1 :i* %\ld proce$ on /at$ h>moni\s l9es f ! l[e/ to ! highe/ class4 ,mrs4 ,bryant1 h[ev]1 ?9ks t ! advantages outweigh ! disadvantages1 s9ce #8by _! means ! m advanc$ body ( op9ion c be br\ght to be> on ! in]t or prejudic$ mass1 :i* lags beh9d 9 ! movem5t ( educational progress4' ,9 spite ( ?is valuable te/imony ! cons5sus ( op9ion is r on ! o!r side4 ,! s*ools ( ! ,girls' ,public ,day ,s*ool ,company h almo/ entirely ab&on$ ! miscellane\s junior exam9ations1 :i* lead to no?+1 9 fav\r ( ^? conduct$ by ! ,jo9t ,bo>d ( ,ox=d & ,cambridge4 ,?is is ! te/ appli$ to ! lead+ boys' public s*ools s9ce #ahgc1 & x is ! ne>e/ approa* 9 ,engl& to an ,abituri5t5 exam9ation1 s9ce ! high] c]tificate1 if tak5 9 ! requir$ subjects1 exempts its hold] f ! fir/ public exam9ation at ,ox=d & ,cambridge4 ,! ,bo>d aw>ds high] & l[] c]tificates1 & und]takes a g5]al exam9ation ( ! s*ools4 ,! pap]s are s5t to ! s*ool1 & ! exam9ation is conduct$ !re "u ! sup]vision ( ! head-mi/ress4 ,! l[] =ms are also exam9$ viva voce by a delegate ( ! ,bo>d1 & reports on ! g5]al condition ( ! s*ool & on ! pap] "w are s5t to ! gov]n+ bodies4 ,9 ?is way ! progress ( diff]5t s*ools c be comp>$1 & a g5]al control kept1 :ile !re is little di/urbance to ! s*ool c\rse1 s9ce ! que/ions are set on ! "w actually done4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ! ,girls' ,public ,day ,s*ool ,company itself aw>ds c]tificates to girls :o ga9 sixty p] c5t4 ( ! m>ks 9 five pap]s4 ,! subjects ( ! high] c]tificate exam9ation are arrang$ 9 f\r gr\ps3-- ,,gr\p ,i4 7#a7 ,lat94 7#b7 ,greek4 7#c7 ,fr5*4 7#d7 ,g]man4 ,,gr\p ,,ii4 7#a7 ,ma!matics 7elem5t>y74 7#b7 ,ma!matics 7additional74 ,,gr\p ,,iii4 7#a7 ,scripture ,k4 7#b7 ,engli%4 7#c7 ,hi/ory4 ,,gr\p ,,iv4 7#a7 ,natural ,philosophy 7,me*anical ,division74 7#b7 ,natural ,philosophy 7,physical ,division74 7#c7 ,natural ,philosophy 7,*emical ,division74 7#d7 ,physical ,geography & ,elem5t>y ,geology4 7#e7 ,biology4 ,all c&idates = a high] c]tificate mu/ satisfy ! exam9]s 9 at lea/ f\r subjects tak5 f n less ?an ?ree diff]5t gr\ps1 unless !y take "o subject 9 ,,ii4 or ,,iv41 9 :i* case !y c *oose ?ree f ,i4 ,no "o may (f] m ?an six subjects4 ,! exam9ation is s arrang$ z to hamp] ! s*ool "w z little z possible4 ,?us 9 languages great /ress is laid on gramm>1 composition1 & unprep>$ translation1 :ile ! set books c be select$ f a long li/2 or 7to give ev5 great] fre$om7 x is all[$ to #8sub/itute ) ! cons5t ( ! ,bo>d o!r portions or p]iods :i* are at lea/ equival5t to ^? specifi$ 9 ! prescrib$ li/1 provid$ t ! extra exp5se involv$ be defray$ by ! s*ool au?orities4' ,?is privilege ( *oice is ext5d$ also to ,scripture1 ,engli% & ,hi/ory4 ,! subjects = ! l[] c]tificate are3-- ,,gr\p ,i4 7#a7 ,lat94 7#b7 ,greek4 7#c7 ,fr5*4 7#d7 ,g]man4 ,,gr\p ,,ii4 7#a7 ,ari?metic4 7#b7 ,additional ,ma!matics4 ,,gr\p ,,iii4 7#a7 ,scripture ,k4 7#b7 ,engli%4 7#c7 ,engli% ,hi/ory4 7#d7 ,geography4 ,,gr\p ,,iv4 7#a7 ,me*anics & ,physics4 7#b7 ,physics & ,*emi/ry4 7#c7 ,*emi/ry & ,me*anics4 ,! high] c]tificate is (t5 tak5 by girls 9 ,=m ,l[] ,,vi41 & !y are !n free 9 _! la/ ye> to prep>e = univ]sity s*ol>%ips or d o!r special "w4 ,! l[] c]tificate is less popul>1 b x is sometimes tak5 9 ,=m ,v4 ,unque/ionably ! real problem be=e our girls' s*ools is to plan a curriculum :i*1 :ile keep+ 9 view ! h>moni\s developm5t ( m9d & body1 & ! prep>ation = a girl's future life1 %all yet give ! necess>y prep>ation = ^! f9al exam9ations4 ,! re=m]s see hope 9 a m c>eful gr\p+ ( /udies :i* %all break d[n ! b>ri]s betwe5 !m1 s t ! subjects le>nt at ! same "t %\ld be allies r ?an rivals4 ,if few] 7 tak5 up simultane\sly1 m "t & int]e/ might be giv5 to ea* new requirem5t :5 x fir/ appe>s on ! sc5es4 ,aft] a c\ple ( ye>s1 :5 consid]able advance _h be5 made1 x might be relegat$ to a less important place & a fre% c5tral /udy *os54 ,9 ! high] =ms ! ?reads w\ld be once m drawn toge!r1 = !n a pupil mu/ be prep>$ to m>%al all h] =ces = "o great occasion4 ,exp]im5ts ( ?is k9d h be5 tri$ ) mu* success 9 ,am]ica1 & !re is a s*eme = do+ some?+ ( ! k9d 9 ,engl&4 ,!re is a pl5tiful field = exp]im5ts1 & no d\bt ! curriculum "q w be discuss$ at _m a tea*]s' meet+ be=e ! problem is solv$4 ,! ,high ,s*ools w contribute _! %>e to ! "w if !y are to rema9 9 ! van z !y h hi!rto done4 ,s9ce ! v e/abli%m5t ( ! ,high ,s*ools 0 a prote/ aga9/ ! sup]ficiality & %[9ess condemn$ by ! ,royal ,commission1 _! ma9 endeav\r 0 to avoid ! mi/akes ( _! pr$ecessors4 ,accompli%m5ts 7 relegat$ to ! backgr\nd4 ,ari?metic & ma!matics 7 taught = _! m5tal tra9+ & ! developm5t ( accuracy4 #8,! noxi\s brood ( cate*isms' 0 ab&on$ 9 fav\r ( a sy/em ( oral tea*+3 object lessons 7 introduc$ into ! l[] =ms to induce obs]vation1 & 9 ! sci5ce lessons facts 7 taught fir/-h& & n ?r\gh ! m$ium ( books4 ,! slip%od ,fr5* *att] ( ! bo>d+-s*ools gave way to /rict] grammatical tra9+2 p>s+ & analysis took ! place ( rote repetition ( ! p>ts ( spee*4 ,accuracy & ?or\ghness 7 ! aim ev]y:]e4 ,at fir/ ! in/ruction 0 att5d$ ) _m difficulties4 ,!re 7 few well-educat$ & no tra9$ tea*]s1 & v little agreem5t z to ! really be/ me?ods4 ,h5ce x 0 natural t ! revolt aga9/ ! abuses ( ! pa/ %\ld produce "s fre% faults4 ,! reaction aga9/ ! old text-books caus$ ! introduction ( a lecture-sy/em2 an excessive am\nt ( note-tak+1 writ+ out1 & correction by ! tea*] seem$ to af=d bo? p>ties ! maximum ( ef=t ) ! m9imum ( result3 books 7 %unn$ z ?\gh ! pr9t$ ^w 7 9 itself hurtful1 & mu* matt] 0 labori\sly dictat$ t might h be5 tak5 f any intellig5t h&-book4 ,! girls spoil$ _! h&writ+1 in/ead ( /ra9+ _! memories2 t 0 ! *ief diff]5ce4 ,happily ?is plan has giv5 way to m intellig5t inductive me?ods1 ?\gh ev5 n[ !re is a t5d5cy 9 "s s*ools to rely too mu* on writt5 notes & too little on tra9+ ! att5tion & memory4 ,high ,s*ool girls /ill ne$ to le>n h[ to use a book intellig5tly1 & to appreciate k t comes to !m 9 an unaccu/om$ fa%ion4 ,!y h le>nt ! use ( writ+1 to make #8an exact man1' b read+ z a means ( produc+ ! #8full' woman has h>dly z yet t\*$ ! ,high ,s*ool sy/em4 ,?is defect is n[ be+ realis$ & ef=ts w d\btless be made to remove x4 ,already ! improvem5t 9 ! tea*]s has produc$ a b5efic5t revolution 9 girls' s*ools4 ,to _! inadequate education ! ,royal ,commission]s l>gely attribut$ ! unsatisfactory /ate ( ?+s !y f\nd4 ,side by side ) ! gr[? ( ! high s*ools w5t ! movem5t = admitt+ wom5 to ! univ]sities1 bo? act+ & re-act+ on ea* o!r1 s9ce ! high s*ools s5t up _! be/ pupils to college & ! college s5t !m back to tea* & tra9 future /ud5ts4 ,a great proportion ( ! mi/resses are n[ univ]sity wom51 :ile a small] numb] h be5 tra9$ at ! ,cambridge ,tea*]s' ,college or ! ,m>ia ,grey or o!r ,tra9+ ,colleges--,k9d]g>t5 ,colleges provide tea*]s = ! little ones4 ,:ile ! ,high ,s*ool puts intellectual subjects fir/1 x does n disreg>d accompli%m5ts1 ?\gh x seldom uses t ^w4 ,music is taught to all 9 ! =m ( class-s++2 piano & viol9 & solo s++ are #8extras1' & d n belong to ! g5]al s*ool "w4 ,draw+ has really won a m important place ?an be=e1 because x is us$ z an educational factor1 & n m]ely = purposes ( %[4 ,! s*eme ( ! ,royal ,draw+ ,society1 organis$ by ,mr4 ,ablett1 is 9 use at ne>ly all ! high s*ools4 ,x is ess5tially a class sy/em1 & aims at tra9+ ! eye1 h&1 & memory1 r ?an produc+ m]e te*nical skill4 ,! little ones 9 ! fir/ =m are taught to pres5t graphically objects int]e/+ to !mselves1 by means ( simple rul+1 memory1 & bru%-"w ex]cises4 ,special features are judgm5t at sight1 memory & dictat$ "w1 ! e>ly introduction ( draw+ f objects & simple geometrical design4 ,! s*ools are exam9$ once a ye>4 ,! exam9ation takes place 9 ! s*ool itself "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! head-mi/ress & draw+ tea*]1 ! "w is s5t up to ,london1 & promotion to ! next division dep5ds ^u ! pass4 ,pupils :o pass all ! six divisions ) hon\rs are entitl$ to a full ,draw+ ,c]tificate :i* has a comm]cial value = tea*+ purposes4 ,draw+1 a little modell+1 & ne$lework 9 ! l[] =ms1 repres5t at pres5t ! manual side ( ,high ,s*ool tea*+4 ,cook]y1 dressmak+1 etc4 ?\gh popul> 9 a diff]5t class ( s*ool1 h h>dly z yet be5 able to effect an entrance1 nor does x seem altoge!r desirable t !y %\ld4 ,t e s*ool _c tea* ev]y?+ is an axiom long ago accept$ = boys' education1 & x mu/ be realis$ = girls too1 if ! outcry aga9/ ov]/ra9 is to cease4 ,diff]5tiation is ! only safe c\rse4 ,x is p>tly ! /r5g? & p>tly ! weakness ( ! ,high ,s*ool t x repres5ts1 9 fact1 two s*ools3 ! fir/ grade = girls :o are to proce$ to ! univ]sity1 & ^: life at home makes a c]ta9 am\nt ( lit]>y & l+ui/ic atta9m5t desirable1 & ! second grade = ^? :o mu/ leave at fifte5 or sixte51 & look =w>d to a c>e] 9 bus9ess or to practical utility at home4 ,9 ! l[] =ms ! ne$ ( bo? is ! same3 a good g5]al education2 aft]w>ds bifurcation seems desirable4 ,:5 a s*ool is n l>ge en\gh to all[ ( ?is1 x is ! e>ly-leav+ girls :o g to ! wall4 ,= ^! an entirely diff]5t s*eme ( education might be be/--?is too is a problem t w h to be fac$4 ,physical tra9+ is also consid]$ at mo/ ( ! ,high ,s*ools4 ,g5]ally1 fifte5 m9utes 9 ! middle ( ! morn+ is giv5 to "s =m ( drill4 ,9 a few l>ge s*ools1 e4g41 ! ,nor? ,london ,collegiate1 ?is daily drill is und]tak5 by a speciali/4 ,usually x falls to "o ( ! assi/ants1 ?\gh x is v common = a special tea*] ( ,sw$i% drill to visit ! s*ool once or twice a week1 & take all ! girls 9 divisions4 ,! ,nor? ,london ,collegiate & ! ,%effield ,high ,s*ool h gymnasiums1 & take ?is side ( ! "w v s]i\sly4 ,a physical-record book is kept1 & e *ild on ent]+ is exam9$ by a lady doctor atta*$ to ! s*ool4 ,p>ticul>s ( sight1 he>+1 ?roat1 brea?+1 lungs1 he>t1 *e/1 & wai/ measurem5t are record$1 ) any obs]vations consid]$ necess>y4 ,suitable gymna/ic ex]cises are !n prescrib$1 & ! exam9ation repeat$ f "t to "t1 & note made ( any *ang$ condition4 ,"s su* plan might be tri$ 9 all ,high ,s*ools1 7 ! p>5ts will+ to pay = x4 ,! l[ fees *>g$ _c be expect$ to include m$ical sup]vision z well z all ! o!r advantages4 ,at pres5t ,%effield & ! ,camd5 ,s*ools are almo/ ! only day-s*ools t consid] ! physical tra9+ z sy/ematically z ! intellectual4 ,/ill1 ! ,girls' ,public ,day ,s*ool ,company has n[ appo9t$ a qualifi$ lady inspector ( physical tra9+4 ,ex]cise d\btless plays an important "p 9 e high s*ool1 b x is sometimes pursu$ ) m zeal ?an k4 ,j n[ a?letics are tak+ a v prom95t place4 ,s*ool playgr\nds & play+ fields h become a necessity4 ,girls h le>n$ to play cricket1 hockey1 & r\nd]s2 !y *oose _! elev5s1 elect _! capta9s1 & h _! practices & mat*es mu* l _! bro!rs4 ,h[ f> ?is p>ticul> k9d ( ex]cise is conducive to a girl's heal? is ano!r ( ! /ill unsolv$ problems4 ,"o ?+ is c]ta93 ^! games d mu* to improve ! g5]al tone ( a s*ool4 ,_! effect 9 produc+ loyalty & public _s & promot+ *e]fulness is q z m>k$ 9 girls z 9 boys1 & ! developm5t ( ! play side1 along ) ! great] lib]ty1 ! giv+ ( responsibility z a rew>d1 & all t belongs to a real public s*ool are features at lea/ z valuable z ! improvem5t 9 ! tea*+4 ,! ,high ,s*ools h produc$ a new type ( girl1 self-reliant1 c\rage\s1 tru?ful1 & eag] = "w4 ,a full record ( _! aft] c>e]s w\ld prove int]e/+4 ,_m pass /raight f s*ool to ,ox=d or ,cambridge1 a great _m h ga9$ s*ol>%ips1 & ! wom5's colleges are l>gely recruit$ f _! ranks4 ,"s pass on to ! m$ical s*ools1 o!rs ga9 ,c\nty ,c\ncil s*ol>%ips = te*nical or sci5tific "w1 l>ge numb]s are engag$ 9 tea*+1 "o or two h tak5 up g>d5+ at ,swanley ,horticultural ,college1 & a good _m are mak+ !mselves g5]ally useful at home z wives or daught]s4 ,almo/ ev]y:]e ! ,high ,s*ool girl proves h]self capable1 accurate1 & tru/wor?y4 ,%e is sometimes blam$ = a want ( grace1 su* z belong$ to a few r>e ladies ( ! old5 "t1 b %e also lacks ! helplessness & sill9ess t 7 preval5t !n4 ,physically1 morally1 & intellectually1 ^! s*ools may claim t !y are improv+ l>ge numb]s1 & ) !m surely ! race4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,end[m5ts ,,= ,,girls ,! hi/ory ( end[$ s*ools c>ries u f> away into ! mi/y realms ( ! pa/1 be=e ev] ! ,conqu]or set foot 9 ,engl& & put back ! clock ( civilisation a hundr$ ye>s4 ,! e>lie/ s*ools ( :i* we h any k 7 atta*$ to ! *ief collegiate *ur*es1 :]e "o (fic] w\ld be specially told (f to tea* ! boys1 j z ano!r w\ld conduct ! s++4 ,conv5t & s*ool or *ur* & s*ool 7 inv>iably alli$4 ,! fir/ sep>able s*ool end[m5ts 7 m]ely assignm5ts ( a specific "p ( ! g5]al end[m5t = ! support ( ! *ancellor or 8 deputy1 ! gramm> s*ool ma/]4 ,l ! e>lie/ colleges ^! s*ools 7 f\nd$ #8= pray] & /udy4' ,! fir/ p]son to rev]se ?is ord]1 & end[ an indep5d5t s*ool1 0 ,william ( ,wykeham1 :5 9 #acic he f\nd$ ,w9*e/] ,college1 to give free in/ruction to sev5ty poor boys1 & s help !m to holy ord]s or ! univ]sity4 ,?us ! new s*ool became #8a sov]eign & indep5d5t corporation exi/+ (1 by & = itself1 self-c5tr$1 self-controll$4' #8,to make education1 & t education n ! education ( cl]ics 9 !ology or ! canon law1 ! p>am\nt & pron\nc$ object ( an ecclesia/ical in/itution1 ) all ! p>aph]nalia ( ,papal bull & royal & episcopal lic5se1 0 no small innovation4 ,x 0 a new dep>ture1 :i* op5$ a new era 9 ! _w ( education1 & !re=e ( ?\ght4'#ac ,lat] f\nd]s1 foll[+ 9 ! /eps ( ,william ( ,wykeham1 gave sums ( money = ! tra9+ ( y\? 9 #8gramm> & good mann]s4' ,gramm> meant ,lat9 & ,greek1 ! #8key to all ! sci5ces'2 ! mann]s 7 to be ^? ( a true g5tleman1 #8tr\! & hon\r1 fr$om & curteisie4' ,foll[+ on ^! came ! s*ools ( ! ,re=mation age1 ( :i* ! mo/ famili> example is ,dean ,colet's f\ndation ( ,/4 ,paul's4 ,^! 7 e/abli%$ or assi/$ by ! gifts ( #8pi\s f\nd]s1' or sometimes by div]t+ old funds orig9ally de/9$ = o!r purposes4 ,read+ s*ool 0 f\nd$ out ( funds obta9$ by suppress+ an alm%\se = poor si/]s1 & "u ,elizabe? made into a gramm> s*ool #8= educat+ ! boys ( ! inhabitants ( ! said bor\gh & o!rs 9 lit]ature4' ,su* s*ools 7 (t5 plac$ "u lay control1 b ! cl]ical idea 0 /ill 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,n prie/s1 b m9i/]s ( ! re=m$ religion1 7 ne$$1 & le>n+ became ev5 m ess5tial = m5 :o _h to make k take ! place ( tradition4 ,! cl]ical purpose ( mo/ ( ^! s*ools naturally t5d$ to exclude girls or make !m ( second>y importance4 ,:at place 0 actually assign$ to !m 9 ! #cec s*ools f\nd$ betwe5 ! accession ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 & ! dea? ( ,james ,i4 is a problem t mu/ be left to antiqu>ians4 ,c]ta9 x is t 9 ! ensu+ p]iod ! education ( bo? sexes 0 m on an equality1 s9ce ! /&>d 0 "o ( inf]iority4 ,an age ( political di/urbance 0 foll[$ by an epo* ( frivolity4 ,le>n+ fell into contempt4 ,! f\ndations ( ! eighte5? c5tury 7 n gramm> b *>ity s*ools1 & ?\gh girls 7 n =gott51 x 0 ) ! hope ( tra9+ s]vants = !mselves t ri* p]sons support$ ^! s*ools4 ,n to give a lib]al tra9+1 b to tea* ! poor to #8keep _! prop] /ation1' 0 ! aim ( eighte5? c5tury f\nd]s4 ,?us x came ab\t t ! ,s*ools' ,inquiry ,commission]s f\nd a goodly numb] ( girls 9 end[$ s*ools ( an elem5t>y "*1 :i* w\ld h>dly be> comp>ison ) ! poore/ ( our mod]n bo>d s*ools4 ,:ile ! ,k+ ,edw>d ,s*ools at ,birm+ham 7 giv+ #bij boys a classical & #cjj a s\nd ,engli% education1 none ( ^! b5efits fell to girls4 ,9 ! elem5t>y s*ools ( ! same f\ndation 7 #fee boys & #fcj girls4 ,at ,*ri/'s ,hospital1 di/9ctly f\nd$ = bo? sexes1 !re 7 b #ah girls z aga9/ #aaib boys4 ,p]haps ev5 ! eighte5 w\ld h be5 bett] (f else:]e4 ,!y occupi$ a "p ( ! junior boys' s*ool at ,h]t=d2 !y _h "o w>d "u ! *>ge ( a nurse1 _! playgr\nd 0 a little ov] a qu>t] ( an acre1 !y took _! walks abroad "u c>e ( ! nurse1 !y _h no cali/h5ics or o!r physical tra9+2 _! diet 0 bread & milk = breakfa/1 bread1 meat1 potatoes1 & port] = d9n]1 bread & butt]1 milk & wat] = supp]4 ,!re 0 no admission exam9ation1 no leav+ /&>d ( atta9m5t2 !y le>n$ a little ,scripture1 ,engli% 7s-call$71 & ,hi/ory & ,geography f abridgm5ts4 ,on leav+1 at ab\t fifte51 mo/ ( !m 7 appr5tic$ to bus9ess4 ,x did n prove easy to place !m4 ,no wond]6 ,a simil> tale might be told ( ,b$=d ,s*ool4 ,x 0 e/abli%$ 9 #aeff by ,sir ,william ,h>pur & ,dame ,alice1 8 wife1 #8= ! education1 in/itution1 & in/ruction ( *ildr5 & y\? 9 gramm> & good mann]s1 to endure = ev]4' ,did *ild mean #8boy' 9 ! m9ds ( ! f\nd]s8 ,x seems unc]ta92 =1 z ! end[m5t increas$ 9 value & "s ( x became available = purposes o!r ?an ! free gramm> s*ool1 ! int]e/s ( girls 7 also consid]$4 ,at v>i\s p]iods ( ! eighte5? c5tury fre% uses 7 f\nd = ! surplus money1 & x is *>act]i/ic ( ! age t ! fem99e equival5t = a s\nd education 0 a d[ry4 #hjj a ye> 0 set aside = m>riage-portions = =ty poor maids ( ! t[n ( ,b$=d1 to be di/ribut$ by lot1 provid$ t a successful c&idate 0 m>ri$ )9 two cal5d> mon?s ( draw+ ! lot1 & n to #8a vagrant or o!r p]son ( bad fame or reputation4' ,naturally !re 0 n mu* difficulty ab\t claim+ ! lot4 ,"y m5 came f f> & ne> to woo ! #8maids ( ,b$=d4' ,any residue 0 giv5 to poor maid-s]vants :o _h resid$ five ye>s at ,b$=d & 7 m>ri$ )9 a ye>4 ,! next addition 0 a hospital = boys & girls1 an allotm5t ( #gjj to appr5tice fifte5 boys & five girls1 & alm%\ses = t5 old m5 & t5 old wom54 ,e>ly 9 ?is c5tury prep>atory & comm]cial s*ools 7 add$2 & girls 7 consid]$ to ! ext5t ( a f\ndation :]e ! head-mi/ress receiv$ #hj p] annum z aga9/ ! headma/]'s #ajjj4 ,:i* figures v eloqu5tly sum up ! relative e/imation 9 :i* girls' & boys' education 0 held be=e #ahdh4 ,! ,s*ools' ,inquiry ,commission _h made x abundantly cle> t ! educational end[m5ts ( ! c\ntry ne$$ ov]haul+4 ,n only _h _m ( !m increas$ greatly 9 value1 b ! e/abli%m5t ( public elem5t>y s*ools 0 mak+ ! appropriation ( end[m5ts = elem5t>y s*ools unnecess>y4 ,aga91 _m free s*ools 7 giv+ a lib]al education to ! sons ( ri* m54 ,by ! in/itution ( ev5 a l[ fee consid]able sums w\ld become available = ! improvem5t ( exi/+ s*ools & ! e/abli%m5t ( new ones4 ,!n !re 7 ! v>i\s *>itable end[m5ts left = special purposes :i* no long] exi/$4 ,9 "s cases money _h be5 bequea!d to ! poor 9 a p>i%1 & 0 simply us$ = ! relief ( ! rates4 ,9 ,london alone !re 7 sums ( #aejj a ye> giv5 = ! relief ( poor prison]s f debt4 ,among o!r out-(-date purposes 7 ! ransom ( ,b>b>y captives1 ! de/ruction ( lady-birds 9 ,cornhill1 etc4 ,9 a c]ta9 "p ( ,worce/]%ire money _h be5 left 9 #afbj = di/ribut+ bread among ! poor ( sev5 p>i%es &1 z a second>y purpose1 support+ a free gramm> s*ool1 ! surplus to be appli$ to repair+ ! *ur* & bridges1 & increas+1 if exp$i5t1 ! sal>y ( ! s*oolma/]4 ,by #ahfg ! total income _h increas$ to #feg1 & 0 appli$ to elem5t>y s*ools & a free gramm> s*ool = f\rte5 boys4 ,9 o!r cases money 0 left = doles2 ) ! result t 9 a c]ta9 p>i%1 too ri*ly end[$1 extra wait]s _h to be put on at ! g9-%ops = two weeks be=e & aft] ! di/ribution4 ,9 fact x 0 a case ( money 9 ! wrong place2 education />v+ = want ( funds t 7 only do+ mis*ief4 ,! regulation ( ! educational *>ities1 & appropriation ( ^? o!rs :i* 7 do+ m h>m ?an good1 0 becom+ an urg5t necessity4 ,"s *anges _h already be5 made "u ! ,*>itable ,tru/s ,acts1 b ^! 7 a good deal limit$ 9 _! op]ations1 & a m sy/ematic reorganisation 0 und]tak5 "u ! ,end[$ ,s*ools ,act ( #ahfi4 ,?is appo9t$ ?ree commission]s = f\r ye>s to inquire into ! end[m5ts ( ,engl& & ,wales1 & ! fir/ to hold ?is (fice 7 ,"l ,lyttelton1 ,canon ,rob9son1 & ,ar?ur ,hobh\se1 ,q4,c4 ,9 #ahgd ?is ,commission 0 m]g$ 9 ! ,bo>d ( ,*>ity ,commission]s = ,engl& & ,wales4 #8,9 fram+ s*emes "u ?is ,act1 provision %all be made z f> z conv5i5tly may be = ext5d+ to girls ! b5efits ( end[m5ts4' ,?is clause is ! ,magna ,*>ta ( girls' education1 ! fir/ ackn[l$gm5t by ! ,/ate ( _! claim to a lib]al education4 ,?is result 0 9 great "p due to ^? same m5 & wom5 :o _h br\ght ab\t ! op5+ ( ! local exam9ations1 & induc$ ! ,commission to take cognisance ( girls' s*ools1 & 7 /riv+1 9 face ( all opposition1 to w9 some?+ l a univ]sity education = girls4 ,z e>ly z #ahfj at ! ,social ,sci5ce ,congress ,madame ,bodi*on _h ent]$ a /rong prote/ aga9/ ! !ory t boys' education mu/ be assi/$ & girls' self-support+4 #8,magnific5t colleges & s*ools1 beautiful ar*itectural build+s co/+ ?\s&s & ?\s&s ( p\nds1 ri* end[m5ts all ov] ,engl&1 h be5 be/[$ by pa/ g5]ations z gifts to ! boys ( ! high] & middle class1 & !y are n ! less indep5d5t & n a :it paup]is$4' ,at fir/ ?is 0 b a voice cry+ 9 ! wild]ness1 b ! cry 0 tak5 up fir/ by a few support]s1 !n by ! :ole c\ntry1 & at la/ ! ,times1 c]ta9ly n a revolution>y organ1 decl>$ t1 #8,?is c\ntry is mo/ abundantly & r$undantly end[$ = m5 & boys1 z if !y 7 unable to take c>e ( !mselves1 :]eas !re is little--inde$ no?+1 we may almo/ say--= t :i* is contemptu\sly call$ ! weak] sex4' ,an ,association = ,promot+ ! ,application ( ,end[m5ts to ! ,education ( ,wom5 0 =m$1 & (f]$ to assi/ tru/ees ( s*ools & o!r p]sons int]e/$ 9 education by supply+ in=mation & sugge/+ plans :]eby available funds might be/ be appli$ to ! education ( wom54 ,x _h a /rong committee1 :i* numb]$ among its memb]s ,miss ,davies1 ,miss ,cl\gh1 & ,miss ,bo/ock1 z well z ,mr4 ,bryce & ,mr4 ,fit*1 ^? con/ant & helpful support]s ( all ef=ts to improve ! education ( girls4 ,at ?is "t ! ne$s ( ! middle class seem$ mo/ urg5t1 s9ce ! ,/ate-aid$ s*ools 7 com+ to ! aid ( ! v poor1 & ! ri* c\ld pay ! high t]ms t 7 !n dem&$ by ! bett] private s*ools4 ,! imm$iate ne$ seem$ to be = s*ools ( ! second or ?ird grade1 i4e4 ^? meant = girls :o w\ld leave s*ool "s "t betwe5 f\rte5 & sev5te51 & might be expect$ to pay fees rang+ f #d to #aj p] annum4 ,( su* s*ools ! fir/ 7 f\nd$ out ( ! surplus rev5ues ( ,k+ ,edw>d's ,s*ools at ,birm+ham4 ,"h f\r s*ools ( ! second grade 7 op5$1 ea* to accommodate ab\t #afj pupils4 ,^! n only fill$ at once1 b _h to refuse admission to #ejj c&idates4 ,9 #ahgj ! ,grey ,coat ,hospital at ,we/m9/] 0 op5$2 b on ! :ole progress 0 sl[1 & ,mr4 ,r\ndell's e/imate 9 #ahga t !re 7 9 ,engl& & ,wales #bbe1jjj girls wait+ = second>y education 0 probably n wide ( ! m>k4 ,9 t same ye> an ev5t occurr$ ( f>-rea*+ importance4 ,! admirable in/itution s long associat$ ) ! "n ( ,miss ,frances ,buss 0 trans=m$ into a public s*ool = girls4 ,read]s ( h] int]e/+ biography n[ realise1 :at _h long be5 kn[n to h] fri5ds1 ) :at a s+le m9d & e>ne/ devotion %e _h work$ = ! cause ne>e/ h] he>t--! e/abli%m5t ( public s*ools = girls4 ,z e>ly z #ahej1 h] own private s*ool _h be5 recon/itut$ on public l9es1 ) ! help ( ! ,rev4 ,david ,la+1 "o ( ! promot]s ( ,que5's ,college1 b h] ambition 0 to make x public 9 fact z well z 9 its me?ods4 ,att5tion _h be5 drawn to h] "w by h] evid5ce be=e ! ,s*ools' ,inquiry ,commission1 & n[ "s ( its memb]s !mselves came =w>d to help h]4 ,if ev] a s*ool c\ld lay claim to public aid1 x 0 ?is "o2 & z soon z ! enabl+ act 0 pass$1 active measures 7 tak5 to secure = x an end[m5t4 ,) r>e cle> sight ,miss ,buss realis$ t a fully equipp$ s*ool c only be self-support+ by ! sacrifice ( ei!r suitable build+s1 adequate sal>ies1 or a scale ( fees suit$ to ! neighb\rhood4 ,%e want$ to organise a pione] s*ool 9 :i* none ( ^! good ?+s %\ld be lack+2 no?+ less ?an ! be/ seem$ good en\gh4 ,h] en?usiasm & confid5ce 7 n to g unrew>d$4 ,9 ,decemb] #ahgj1 a public meet+ 0 held 9 ! ,/4 ,pancras ,ve/ry ,hall1 to ann\nce ! =mation ( a tru/ = c>ry+ on ! exi/+ s*ool1 & />t+ ano!r ( a l[] grade 9 connection ) x4 ,! upp] s*ool ?us con/itut$ took ! "n ( ! ,nor? ,london ,collegiate1 & 9 ,janu>y #ahga remov$ ) its two hundr$ pupils to #bjb ,camd5 ,/reet1 & at ! same "t ! ,l[] or ,camd5 ,s*ool came into exi/5ce4 ,accord+ to ,miss ,buss's pr9ciple1 ! fees "u ! new tru/ 7 calculat$ to meet curr5t exp5ses only4 ,! build+ 0 to be provid$ f o!r funds1 z 0 done 9 boys' public s*ools4 ,a subscription li/ 0 op5$1 & e possible endeav\r made to w9 public support4 ,^! 7 anxi\s ye>s = ,miss ,buss2 money came 9 sl[ly1 & r ?an ab&on h] pr9ciple %e *ose to sacrifice h] sal>y4 ,nor did %e wait 9 va92 ! excell5t "w ( ! s*ool won x recognition1 & :5 9 #ahgd ! ,*>ity ,commission]s 7 call$ ^u to dispose ( ! ,platt ,*>ity d]ivable f prop]ty 9 ,/4 ,pancras1 belong+ to ! ,brew]s' ,company1 !y recomm5d$ t #bj1jjj be giv5 to ! ,nor? ,london ,collegiate & ,camd5 ,s*ools4 ,?us build+ funds 7 secur$1 aft]w>ds supplem5t$ by a g5]\s donation f ! ,clo?work]s' ,company4 ,! s*eme became law 9 #ahge1 & ! two s*ools h cont9u$ s9ce !n to "w side by side z end[$ s*ools ( ! fir/ & second grade1 ) diff]5t pr9cipals1 b bo? "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! head-mi/ress ( ! upp] s*ool4 ,?is arrangem5t has prov$ mo/ valuable1 z x promotes co-ord9ation in/ead ( rivalry betwe5 ! two s*ools4 ,9 o!r places :]e two grades exi/ side by side1 x is n uncommon to f9d ! l[] "o attempt+ ) inadequate means to imitate ! upp]4 ,! special ne$s ( ! class att5d+ x are !n neglect$1 & undue att5tion giv5 to a few clev] girls1 = :om leave is sometimes obta9$ to /ay beyond ! appo9t$ age4 ,at ! ,frances ,m>y ,buss ,s*ools 7z ! two are n[ call$ 9 memory ( _! f\nd]71 ?is dang] is obviat$ by a good sy/em ( s*ol>%ips f ! l[] to ! upp]4 ,at ! ,camd5 ,s*ool girls may att5d f sev5 to sev5te54 ,! fees range f #e1 #bs4 to #h p] annum4 ,! subjects taught are ! usual ,engli% ones1 ) ,class-,s++1 ,ne$lework1 ,draw+1 & ,book-keep+1 & ! elem5ts ( ,sci5ce4 ,special att5tion is giv5 to !oretical & practical ,dome/ic ,economy1 & ^! classes receive assi/ance f ! ,london ,c\nty ,c\ncil4 ,fr5* is ! only =eign language taught4 ,at ! ,nor? ,london ,collegiate1 girls may att5d betwe5 eight & n9ete51 ! li/ ( subjects is mu* wid]1 & selections h to be made "u ! direction ( ! head-mi/ress4 ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 ,lat9 & ,greek1 are includ$ 9 ! curriculum1 & ! practical subjects ei!r omitt$ or r$uc$ to a m9imum4 ,s9ce ! "w ( ! s*ool is direct$ to ! ,london ,univ]sity ,exam9ations & ! ,cambridge ,high] ,locals1 ! c\rse is necess>ily laid out = girls :o c /ay long en\gh to ent] ! upp] =ms1 & p]haps proce$ to college4 ,! fees range f #ag1 #aas4 to #ai1 #ads4 ,b girls ov] sixte5 proce$+ f ! l[] to ! upp] s*ool pay only #ad1 #hs4 ,_m pass up by means ( s*ol>%ips4 ,^! two s*ools ) _! ?\s& pupils1 f9e build+s1 & noble roll ( hon\rs won by old pupils /& pre-em95t among girls' end[m5ts4 ,! pr9ciple t ) a scale ( fees adapt$ to meet curr5t exp5ses ! end[m5t %\ld provide build+s & s*ol>%ips has be5 triumphantly v9dicat$ by ! ,frances ,m>y ,buss ,s*ools4 ,almo/ simultane\s ) ! end[m5t ( ^! s*ools 0 ! appropriation ( "s "p ( ! funds ( ! ,brad=d ,gramm> ,s*ool1 #8to supply a lib]al education = girls by means ( a s*ool or s*ools )9 ! bor\gh ( ,brad=d4' ,public op9ion 01 h[ev]1 h>dly ripe = su* a div]sion ( any l>ge "p ( an old end[m5t1 & al?\gh1 z ,mr4 ,=/] po9t$ out at ! inaugural meet+1 a *>t] ( ,*>les ,,ii4 _h assign$ ! l& #8= ! bett] tea*+1 in/ruct+1 & br++ up ( *ildr5 & y\?1' #8:i* t]ms are ( common g5d]1' ! money assign$ to ! girls w\ld n h be5 suffici5t to />t ! s*ool1 b = ! g5]osity ( ! ,ladies' ,educational ,committee1 :i* rais$ a sum ( #ejjj = pur*as+ ! build+s4 ,?us ! ,brad=d ,girls' ,gramm> ,s*ool came into be+4 ,! fees are #ab to #ae1 #aes41 & girls may /ay till eighte5 or n9ete54 ,x is ?us te*nically ( ! fir/ grade1 & z su* prep>es ! pupils 9 ! highe/ class = ! univ]sity4 ,_m1 h[ev]1 leave s*ool long be=e atta9+ ?is /age1 & ?is appe>s to con/itute "o ( ! special difficulties ( ,nor? ( ,engl& s*ools4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a wide li/ ( subjects :i* may be taught1 & f ^! ! head-mi/ress arranges ea* pupil's curriculum4 ,z ! fees are ! same z ^? ( a high s*ool1 ! end[m5t fund helps to supply bett] sal>ies1 app>atus1 etc4 & ?us to increase effici5cy4 ,a s*ol>%ip fund ( #ajjj has be5 provid$ by ! g5]osity ( two private donors1 & =ty-"o s*ol>s h by its help already proce$$ to ! univ]sity4 ,man*e/] also has a fir/-grade end[$ s*ool1 :i* orig9at$ l s _m o!rs 9 ^? active ye>s t foll[$ #ahgj4 ,"h too ! initiative 0 tak5 by an association = promot+ ! high] education ( wom54 ,! s*ool 0 />t$ 9 #ahgc by subscription1 & 9 #ahgf ! pres5t site 9 ,dov] ,/reet 0 secur$ = build+1 & ov] #ejjj rais$ = ! purpose4 ,a few ye>s lat]1 an opportunity occurr$ ( secur+ "s public money1 z ! weal?y f\ndation ( ,hulme's ,*>ity 0 to be reorganis$4 ,! s*ool secur$ a %>e1 receiv+ a capital grant ( #aejj1 & #ajjj a ye> on condition t ! gov]n+ body %\ld be recon/itut$ to give x a m repres5tative "*4 ,"u ! new arrangem5t1 !re are repres5tatives ( ! ,hulme ,tru/ees1 ,ox=d1 ,cambridge1 ,victoria1 & ,london1 ,ow5s ,college1 & ! ,man*e/] ,s*ool ,bo>d1 z well z o!r co-opt$ memb]s4 ,?is repres5tative "* has prov$ ( ! greate/ value to ! s*ool1 :i* takes rank z "o ( ! fir/ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! build+s are admirable 9 conv5i5ce & arrangem5t1 & ! s*ol>%ip fund am\nts to #fdj a ye>4 ,two small] s*ools lately e/abli%$ by ! gov]nors at ,p5dleton & ,nor? ,man*e/] h some:at dim9i%$ ! numb]s ( ! p>5t s*ool1 b prove a boon to girls 9 ^? p>ts1 s9ce ! means ( communication at ,man*e/] are some:at inadequate4 ,only ,man*e/] girls are receiv$ 9 ! ,high ,s*ool1 or ^? resid+ ) ne> relations4 ,!re are no bo>d+-h\ses2 x is a purely local s*ool4 ,! fees are n9e to fifte5 gu9eas p] annum4 ,man*e/] has be5 specially successful 9 #8assimilat+' ^? girls t ent] ! high s*ool f ! elem5t>y s*ools1 sev]al ( :om h pass$ on to ! univ]sity ) s*ol>%ips1 & be5 v successful 9 _! aft] c>e]s4 ,its *ief want is a sy/em ( s*ol>%ips f ! elem5t>y s*ools1 to enable x to ext5d its useful "w1 & take a place 9 a national sy/em ( education4 ,! mo/ complete s*emes ( end[$ s*ools = girls are at ,birm+ham & ,b$=d1 & !y are typical ( two diff]5t sy/ems4 ,! ,k+ ,edw>d's end[m5t1 "o ( ! l>ge/ 9 ,engl&1 _h be5 s mismanag$ t 9 #ahbh only #aae boys 7 be+ educat$ on x1 & ! s*ool build+ 0 9 ru9s4 ,9 #ahca by a ,*anc]y s*eme1 two new s*ools1 ,classical & ,engli%1 7 e/abli%$1 & tw5ty ye>s lat] !re 7 suffici5t funds to ma9ta9 eight elem5t>y s*ools z well4 ,imm$iately aft] ! pass+ ( ! #8,end[$ ,s*ools ,act' fur!r *anges 7 made4 ,! s*ools 7 reorganis$ 9 ?ree grades 7high1 middle1 l[] middle71 & f\r gramm> s*ools f\nd$ = girls4 ,:5 ! spread ( ,/ate-aid$ elem5t>y s*ools made ! ?ird class unnecess>y1 ^! 7 aboli%$1 & a girl's ,high ,s*ool sub/itut$4 ,?is =ms ! la/ l9k 9 ! *a92 & a close connection betwe5 diff]5t grades by means ( s*ol>%ips1 lead+ gradually upw>d f ! elem5t>y s*ool to ! univ]sity1 gives ! necess>y cohesion to ! sy/em4 ,! ,high ,s*ool c accommodate #bfj girls1 & ! f\r gramm> s*ools #ghj4 ,fees are *>g$ 9 all1 b n s high z to cov] ! co/ ( education4 ,at ! ,high ,s*ool x is calculat$ t ! exp5se ( ea* pupil is #bj p] annum1 :ile ! fee is #i4 ,! end[m5t makes up ! defici5cy1 & p]mits ! res]vation ( "o-?ird ( ! places = f\ndation s*ol>s4 ,fur!r1 x enables ! gov]nors to (f] _! tea*]s good sal>ies1 & to conduct ! :ole on ^? g5]\s l9es )\t :i* x is impossible to provide a lib]al education = ei!r girls or boys4 ,9 educational organisation z 9 municipal matt]s1 ,birm+ham is a model to ! re/ ( ! c\ntry4 ,x %[s h[ an old end[m5t1 suffici5tly l>ge & c>efully di/ribut$1 c be made to meet ! ne$s ( all classes ( a community4 #8,we _c re=m our ance/ors1' z ,george ,eliot s p]t95tly rem>ks1 nor c we set d[n ri* old end[m5ts 9 ! mid/ ( places t h nev] kn[n su* b5efactions4 ,b fre% money is com+ 9 f new s\rces1 & we want object lessons 9 its application4 ,birm+ham tea*es ! value ( co-ord9ation1 & incid5tally ! use to :i* public funds may be put 9 br++ a good education )9 ! rea* ( ! l>ge/ possible numb]4 ,! position ( ,b$=d is diff]5t4 ,a small t[n ) no special indu/ry happ5s1 ?r\gh ! munific5ce ( "o ( its anci5t citiz5s1 to be possess$ ( "o ( ! l>ge/ end[m5ts 9 ! k+dom4 ,= _m ye>s its b5efits 7 conf9$ to ! inhabitants ( ,b$=d1 & z a result ! population 0 con/antly increas$ by p]sons :o 7 glad to get free education = _! sons4 ,_m1 no d\bt1 7 well able to pay = x1 b pref]r$1 naturally en\gh1 to get x = no?+4 ,at ! "t ( ! ,s*ools' ,inquiry ,commission1 ! end[m5t 0 ma9ta9+3--7#a7 ,a gramm> s*ool ) #bjd boys4 7#b7 ,a comm]cial s*ool ) #ceh boys4 7#c7 ,a prep>atory comm]cial s*ool ) #bcg boys2 z well z elem5t>y s*ools = ne>ly #abjj *ildr5 & a hospital = #ac boys & #ac girls1 alm%\ses1 etc4 ,consid]able z 7 ^! numb]s1 !y fell f> %ort ( ! possibilities ( ! end[m5t4 ,! in/itution ( a fee1 ev5 a l[ "o1 w\ld at once set free a goodly sum1 & some?+1 if only z comp5sation = ! m>riage portions1 0 due to ! girls4 ,a new s*eme provid+ = a fre% di/ribution ( ! funds 0 drawn up 9 #ahgc1 b ! girls' s*ools did n come into exi/5ce till #ahhb4 ,"u ! pres5t arrangem5t "o-elev5? ( ! available funds is us$ = eleemosyn>y purposes1 two-elev5?s g to ! elem5t>y s*ools1 :i* until q lately h s]v$ all ! ne$s ( ! t[n & r5d]$ a s*oolbo>d unnecess>y4 ,! rema9d] is divid$ equally betwe5 ! two high] s*ools--boys' ,gramm> & girls' ,high--& ! two ,mod]n s*ools4 ,?is looks v mu* l putt+ girls & boys on an equality1 b a clause 9 ! s*eme expla9s t ?ree boys are to be consid]$ equal to five girls4 ,9 o!r respects ! money is ev5ly divid$2 x is %>$ out annually #89 proportion to ! av]age numb] ( s*ol>s att5d+ ! said s*ools respectively dur+ ! prec$+ ye>1' a curi\s application ( a ,scriptural doctr9e1 by :i* a rise 9 numb]s 9 ! boys' s*ool entails a correspond+ deficit 9 ! ex*equ] ( ! girls' s*ool & vice v]sa4 ,/ill1 rightly manag$1 !re is en\gh = all4 ,at ,b$=d no attempt is made to co-ord9ate ! "w ( ! two s*ools1 or to e/abli% any b ! v slighte/ connection--by means ( a few s*ol>%ips--betwe5 ! elem5t>y & mod]n s*ools4 ,h5ce ! b5efit ( co-op]ation is lo/4 ,! great diff]5ce betwe5 ! fees--#i to #ab at ! ,high1 #d at ! ,mod]n s*ool--makes active rivalry impossible4 ,x is ! /ate ( ! home ex*equ] t settles ! *oice ( a s*ool1 f> m ?an ! pref]5ce = "o sy/em ( education or a girl's probable aft]-c>e]4 ,x is curi\s t1 9 spite ( ! g5]al outcry = *eap s*ools1 ! l[ fee ( ! ,mod]n ,s*ool has n prov$ z great an attraction z 0 expect$2 x has fill$ b sl[ly1 & is only n[ approa*+ #bjj1 :ile ! ,high ,s*ool av]ages an att5dance ( #fjj4 ,to "s ext5t ! curriculum ( bo? s*ools is ! same1 b ! great] economy requisite 9 ! ,mod]n s*ool necessitates l>g] classes1 less complete equipm5t1 & l[] sal>ies = ! tea*]s4 ,to families 9 /rait5$ circum/ances1 local %opkeep]s1 & small f>m]s )9 a %ort tra9 j\rney ( ! t[n1 ! s*ool is a great boon2 b x seems c]ta9 t at ,b$=d1 :atev] may be ! case else:]e1 all :o c af=d ! high] fee are will+ to pay x = ! sake ( ! great] social pre/ige ( ! ,high ,s*ool4 ,prejudice ( ?is k9d mu/ always be reckon$ )1 h[ev] c>efully ,p>liam5t or ,royal ,commission]s may provide on pap] = ! ne$s ( ea* class ( ! population4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,high ,s*ool has m ?an fulfill$ anticipations4 ,n only does x provide a fir/-class education = ! si/]s ( gramm> s*ool boys1 x has won a position & pre/ige ( its own :i* attract consid]able numb]s f a di/ance4 ,!re are n[ sev]al fl\ri%+ bo>d+-h\ses1 all work+ 9 close connection ) ! s*ool1 & "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! head-mi/ress4 ,9 ?is way ,b$=d ,high ,s*ool1 l ! ,*elt5ham ,ladies' ,college1 ,/4 ,leon>d's ,s*ool at ,/4 ,&rews1 & a v few o!rs1 has tak5 a position some:at analog\s to t ( a boys' public s*ool1 s\ght = its own sake1 & n m]ely on acc\nt ( its ne>ness or *eapness4 ,! l>ge numb]s1 ample /aff1 & suffici5t funds enable ! head-mi/ress to consid] ! ne$s ( individual pupils m c>efully ?an c\ld be done 9 a small s*ool4 ,=ms are jo9$ & subdivid$ l5g?wise & crosswise1 s z to br+ toge!r 9 small gr\ps girls :o are to give a good deal ( "t to ,classics1 ,mod]n ,languages1 ,engli%1 ,draw+ or ,sci5ce1 or any o!r special subject1 ?us avoid+ ! scrapp9ess ) :i* ! mod]n curriculum is sometimes *>g$4 ,! girl :o aims at ! univ]sity is prep>$ = x1 ! girl :o has a real ta/e = accompli%m5ts receives fir/-rate in/ruction 9 music1 draw+1 etc4 & at ! same "t is enc\rag$ to give special att5tion to ,engli%4 ,!re is no attempt to =ce all ?r\gh ! same mill4 ,! s*ool is mo/ =tunate 9 its build+s1 :i* are beautiful z well z conv5i5t4 ,hall1 gymnasium1 /udio1 laboratory1 padd$ rooms = practis+1 no?+ seems want+ to ! equipm5t4 ,x is pleasant to w&] ?r\gh ! airy & ta/eful class-rooms & realise t ?is is "o ( ! _m good ?+s :i* ! r$i/ribution ( end[m5ts has giv5 to girls4 ,at ,b$=d !re is n mu* risk ( =gett+ :5ce ! money comes4 ,! ,h>pur ,tru/ seems to give its "* to ! t[n4 ,! num]\s s*ools1 ! ,h>pur ,tru/ (fices1 ! r[s ( alm%\ses1 ! #8,h>pur' & #8,dame ,alice' /reets are sugge/ive ( a t[n t has gr[n up ab\t its s*ools1 almo/ z ,ox=d & ,cambridge h ab\t _! colleges4 ,9 ! old *ur* close by ! f\nd]s lie buri$2 ev] succe$+ g5]ations ( boys & girls are ent]+ into _! inh]itance4 ,among ! eight l>ge/ end[m5ts ( :i* ! ,commission]s _h to take cognisance 0 t ( ,dulwi*4 ,9 few places 0 ! re=m]'s h& m ne$$ ?an 9 ! assignm5t ( ^? l>ge sums :i* _h accumulat$ "u ! *>ity ( ,alleyn's ,college ( ,god's ,gift4 ,at ! "t ( ! ,s*ools' ,inquiry ,commission--t date :i* m>ks a new />t+-po9t 9 educational *ronology1 x ma9ta9$ only an upp] s*ool ) #acj boys1 & a l[] s*ool ) #ij4 ,9 #ahie :5 "s ( ! results ( tw5ty-five ye>s 7 summ>is$1 x 0 support+3--7#a7 ,a fir/-grade boys' s*ool--,dulwi* ,college--) #fcj s*ol>s4 7#b7 ,a second grade boys' s*ool--,alleyn's ,s*ool--) #edj boys2 & contribut+1 7#c7 ,to ,james ,all5's ,girls' ,s*ool a capital sum ( #fjjj1 & #fej a ye>4 7#d7 ,to ! ,c5tral ,f\ndation ,s*ools--boys & girls--a capital sum ( #aa1jjj & #bcjj a ye>4 7#e7 ,to ,/4 ,savi\r's ,gramm> ,s*ool1 ,s\?w>k1 a capital sum ( #bj1jjj & #ejj a ye>4 ,?is is a result t %\ld please all p>ties4 ,9 spite ( ! additional advantages giv5 to boys1 ! girls ga9 two s*ools2 = al?\gh ! ,james ,all5 s*ool _h be5 f\nd$ z e>ly z #agda by ,james ,all51 ma/] ( ,dulwi* ,college1 x 0 really no?+ m ?an an elem5t>y s*ool until its recon/ruction 9 #ahhb ) a "p ( ! ,dulwi* end[m5t4 ,x c accommodate #cjj girls1 has eight class-rooms1 laboratory1 assembly hall1 d9+-room1 recreation gr\nd ( two & a half acres1 & a completely equipp$ gymnasium :]e lessons are giv5 by an exp]t tea*]4 ,) a #f fee x is always full1 & admirably s]ves its purpose ( #8supply+ to girls ( ! middle class a s\nd practical education4' ,! f\r? ( ! l>ge end[m5ts belongs to ,/4 ,olave's ,gramm> ,s*ool1 & a s*ool = girls is 9 c\rse ( e/abli%m5t "h4 ,! ,tonbridge end[m5t1 adm9i/]$ by ! ,sk9n]s' ,company1 n[ supports a s*ool = girls at ,/am=d ,hill4 ,! ,man*e/] ,gramm> ,s*ool fund has ( late decreas$ 9 value1 & has no?+ to (f] girls2 b "h !y h _h help f ano!r qu>t]4 ,! ,jones f\ndation at ,monm\? n[ provides = #ejj boys1 & #ajj girls1 besides #ej elem5t>y s*ol>s1 9 place ( #ahj boys at ! date ( ! ,commission4 ,( ! eight end[m5ts1 by f> ! l>ge/ 0 t ( ,*ri/'s ,hospital1 & "h !re 0 no "q z to ! orig9al int5tions4 ,! treatm5t ( girls _h be5 s unfair z to ar\se g5]al indignation4 ,b ! :ole f\ndation really ne$$ ov]haul+4 ,aft] long delays an elaborate s*eme 0 drawn up1 provid+ = ! removal into ! c\ntry ( ! boys' s*ool1 prop] bo>d+-s*ool provision = girls1 & l>ge day-s*ools 9 ,london = bo? sexes4 ,( all ?is1 n[ ne>ly tw5ty ye>s aft] ! pass+ ( ! ,end[$ ,s*ools ,act1 v little has be5 done1 ?\gh ! removal ( ! boys' s*ool f ,london to ,hor%am is n[ def9itely settl$4 ,at ,h]t=d ! girls' s*ool has be5 re=m$ 9 its me?ods1 & additional w>d accommodation provid$1 b by a p]v]se sy/em ( election x is made v difficult to fill ev5 t space4 ,girls c only be admitt$ on pres5tation ( a gov]nor--v difficult to obta9--or by a competition1 to :i* only ?ree classes are admitt$4 ,!y mu/ come ei!r f--7#a7 ,c]ta9 end[$ s*ools 9 ,engl& & ,wales1 or 7#b7 ,public elem5t>y s*ools 9 ! ,london ,s*ool ,bo>d di/rict1 or 7#c7 ,c]ta9 p>i%es :i* h hi!rto ex]cis$ ! "r ( pres5tation4 ,z 7#a7 & 7#b7 repres5t ! classes :i* are be/ provid$1 & lea/ 9 ne$ ( ! b5efits ( a *eap bo>d+-s*ool1 & 7#c7 is1 by its nature1 v re/rict$1 x is n /range t x has hi!rto prov$ impossible to fill ev5 ! #adj available places1 ?\gh !re are ?\s&s ( girls 9 rural di/ricts to :om a s*ool ( ?is k9d w\ld prove a priceless boon4 ,!re seems a curi\s irony ab\t (f]+ su* nom9ations to ! ,b$=d ,mod]n ,s*ool :]e girls are receiv+ an excell5t education = #d a ye>1 & tak+ no ?\ght = ^? less fav\r$ places1 :i*1 because !y h no end[m5t ( _! own1 are !re=e %ut out f "o t !y c\ld use4 ,( c\rse all ?is is only tempor>y1 b ! transition /age seems a v long "o4 ,z f> z girls are conc]n$1 ! *ief ne$s seem to be ! e/abli%m5t ( sev]al *eap bo>d+-s*ools1 ! election ( "s wom5 on ! c\ncil ( almon]s1 & a *ange 9 ! pres5t sy/em ( elect+ s*ol>s4 ,let u hope t :5 ! re=ms come at la/1 !y may prove to h be5 wor? ! wait+4 ,besides ^! eight *ief end[m5ts1 !re are _m o!rs ( :i* girls h n[ receiv$ a %>e4 ,!re are n[ 9 ,engl& & ,wales ov] eighty girls' end[$ s*ools ( a second>y type1 ?\gh ! di/ribution is curi\sly unev52 e4g4 ! ,we/ ,rid+ ( ,york%ire has n9e1 :ile ,surrey has only "o4 ,mu* has be5 done1 & mu* rema9s to be done1 b x is well t e k9d ( exp]im5t %\ld be tri$1 s t ! new] s*emes may be improv$ by ! exp]i5ce ( ! old] ones4 ,end[$ s*ools are te*nically suppos$ to be ( ?ree grades1 accord+ to ! age at :i* ! pupils usually leave4 ,= ! fir/ ! limit is eighte5 or n9ete52 = ! second1 sixte5 or sev5te52 = ! ?ird1 f\rte5 or fifte54 ,all admit !m at sev5 or eight4 ,!re is some?+ peculi>ly ,engli% ab\t ?is arrangem5t1 :i*1 on pap] at any rate1 appe>s ne$lessly wa/eful4 ,! natural division seems ! ,am]ican "o4 ,"h !re are ?ree successive grades1 organically connect$1 by :i* a *ild may g ?r\gh 8 :ole s*ool c>e]1 pass+1 z x 71 f ! k9d]g>t5 at "o end to ! univ]sity at ! o!r4 ,?is arrangem5t ( s*ools1 all free1 & meant = all ! *ildr5 ( ! community1 is 9 h>mony ) ! ,am]ican democratic idea1 b w\ld be impossible 9 ! mid/ ( ,engli% class prejudice4 ,/ill ev5 our social exclusiv5ess does n require su* extreme diff]5tiation1 & exp]i5ce %[s t a sy/em ( ?ree p>allel l9es1 di/+ui%$ *iefly by break+ (f at diff]5t po9ts1 is n altoge!r necess>y4 ,! problem1 z x pres5ts itself = girls1 is n1 h[ev]1 ! same z = boys4 ,boys' s*ools ( ! highe/ grade naturally prep>e _! pupils = ! univ]sity1 & z mo/ ( !m are bo>d+-s*ools1 !y are exempt f consid]+ local ne$s4 ,! fir/ public s*ools = girls 7 day s*ools4 ,at ! "t ( ! fir/ ,end[$ ,s*ools ,act1 univ]sity education = girls _h h>dly made any way4 ,girton 0 j /ruggl+ into exi/5ce1 ! o!r colleges 7 b a dream ( ! future4 ,london /ill )held its degrees4 ,:at girls ne$$ mo/ 0 a s\nd g5]al education giv5 *eaply 9 day s*ools4 ,h5ce ! l[ fees fix$ by ! ,girls' ,public ,day ,s*ool ,company1 & ! /ill l[] ones *>g$ at ! end[$ s*ools ( ! second & ?ird grades1 :i* at t "t met ! mo/ cry+ want4 ,by #ahhc t5 ( ^! ?ird grade s*ools 9 ,london 7 educat+ ov] two ?\s& girls4 ,among !m 7 ! ,greycoat ,hospital at ,we/m9/]1 & ! ,roan ,s*ool1 ,gre5wi*1 & o!rs t h s9ce ext5d$ _! sph]e ( "w up to ! second grade limit4 ,! c\rse ( ev5ts dur+ ! la/ few ye>s has necessitat$ ^! & _m o!r *anges4 ,! ,elem5t>y ,s*ools ,act ( #ahgj1 & ! spread ( ,high] ,grade s*ools1 :ile l>gely remov+ ! ne$ = ! ?ird grade1 h necessitat$ "s means ( transition f ! prim>y to ! second>y s*ool4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! rise ( wom5's colleges1 te*nical in/itutes1 etc4 & ! increas+ numb] ( girls :o1 :e!r f *oice or necessity1 expect to e>n _! own liv+1 necessitates a levell+-up ( s*ools1 & a clos] connection ) places ( high] education4 ,direct connection ) ! prim>y s*ools on ! "o h&1 & ! wom5's colleges on ! o!r1 is n[ a necessity4 ,_m ( ! ,*>ity ,commission]s' s*emes h attempt$ to supply ?is4 ,! ,roan ,s*ool at ,gre5wi* is a good in/ance4 ,x 0 f\nd$ 9 #afdc out ( money left by ,john ,roan to clo! & educate poor *ildr51 & reorganis$ 9 #ahgc1 ! income ( #bjjj be+ divid$ betwe5 #cej boys & #cbj girls4 ,!re is a special fund = f\ndation exhibitions = elem5t>y s*ol>s1 & o!rs are admitt$ on pass+ an exam9ation1 at half-fees--#c in/ead ( #f4 ,( ! total numb] ( pupils1 ab\t two-fif?s come f ! elem5t>y s*ools4 ,?us ! "w ( ! two is br\ght into v close connection1 & ! ,roan ,s*ool includes 9 itself bo? second & ?ird grade functions4 ,x provides = ! upw>d passage by exhibitions1 _m ( :i* are held at ,b$=d ,college1 or 9 ,wales4 ,s*ol>%ips ( bo? k9ds are also giv5 by ! ,sk9n]s' ,s*ool at ,/am=d ,hill4 ,"s ( ! entrance exhibitions are re/rict$ to pupils f elem5t>y s*ools1 o!rs are aw>d$ by op5 competition4 ,! two leav+ exhibitions1 ( ! value ( ?irty-?ree & ?irty gu9eas respectively1 are t5able = f\r ye>s1 at any place ( advanc$ education approv$ by ! gov]nors4 ,! s*ool fees range f #f to #aj4 ,! "w ( ! ,six? ,=m leads to ! high] c]tificate ( ! ,jo9t ,bo>d or ! ,london ,matriculation1 bo? ( :i* s]ve ! purposes ( a leav+ & entrance exam9ation4 ,?is s*ool might !re=e be reg>d$ z a comb9ation ( ! ?ree grades4 ,simil> "w is done by ! ,m>y ,dat*elor ,s*ool at ,camb]well1 ! ,aske's ,s*ool1 ,hat*am1 & sev]al o!rs4 ,su* s*ools1 ) a def9ite connection upw>d & d[nw>d1 are among ! *ief educational ne$s ( ! day4 ,^? n[ at "w seem to be always full1 & !y draw _! pupils f a class t look =w>d to a c>e] ( /eady "w4 ,cl]ks1 civil s]vants1 tea*]s1 typi/s1 telegraphi/s1 mill9]s1 nurses2 ^!1 & _m o!rs1 occur 9 ! li/s ( old pupils' occupations4 ,a useful g5]al education1 ei!r z an end 9 itself or z a basis = high] or te*nical education1 is giv51 & ^! s*ools h tak5 ! place ( ! ?ird rate private s*ools1 :i* 0 all t _h previ\sly be5 (f]$ to middle class girls4 ,! expression ( op9ion by ! ,royal ,commission]s1 9 #ahie1 t #8a second grade s*ool1 :i* prep>es = ! local ,univ]sity ,college is (t5 m suitable = a c]ta9 section ( ! population ?an a fir/ grade s*ool l9k$ to ,ox=d & ,cambridge1' applies1 mutatis mut&is1 to girls z well z boys4 ,= bo?1 a "p ( ! highe/ "w mu/ be suppli$ by bo>d+-s*ools4 ,b :5 all ! end[m5ts hi!rto made available are consid]$1 ! %>e ( ! girls is /ill f> too small4 ,9 "s c\nties !re is h>dly any?+ available = !m4 ,aga9/ ?is disp>ity mu/ be set ! b5efactions ( rec5t ye>s1 _m ( :i* are specially meant = girls & wom54 ,! f\ndation ( ! ,city ( ,london ,girls' ,s*ool1 by ,william ,w>d1 9 #ahha1 ) an end[m5t ( #bj1jjj2 ! ,pfeiff] ,*>ity ( #ei1jjj1 = ! b5efit ( wom5's education1 ! num]\s s*ol>%ips giv5 by city companies1 ! e/abli%m5t ( ,holl[ay & ,we/field ,colleges1 & ( _m o!r f\ndations = bo? sexes1 belong to ! tw5ty ye>s betwe5 #ahge & #ahie4 ,if girls h lack$ mu* 9 ! pa/1 !y are inh]it+ ! pres5t4 ,z ! ,*>ity ,commission]s rem>k$1 :5 review+ a record ( a qu>t] a c5tury3 #8,z to "o p>ticul> bran* ( educational end[m5ts1 viz4 t = ! advancem5t ( ! second>y & sup]ior education ( girls & wom51 x may be anticipat$ t future g5]ations w look back to ! p]iod imm$iately foll[+ ^u ! ,s*ools' ,inquiry ,commission1 & ! consequ5t pass+ ( ! ,end[$ ,s*ools ,act1 z m>k+ an epo* 9 ! creation & application ( end[m5ts = t bran* ( education1 simil> to t :i* is m>k$ = ! education ( boys & m5 by ! ,re=mation4' ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,wom5',s ,,colleges ,! *ief ga9 t ?is half-c5tury has br\ght to wom5's education is _! admission to ! univ]sities4 ,x is ! key-/one ( ! ar*1 )\t :i* ! re/ ( ! fabric c\ld h nei!r /ability nor p]man5ce4 ,! s*ools look to !m = _! tea*]s & _! /&>d1 & ga9 !reby an elem5t ( fixity hi!rto lack+4 ,if boys' education may be blam$ = excessive cons]vatism1 t ( girls has suff]$ f extreme mobility4 ,s9ce girls' s*ools l$ n[h]e1 & ackn[l$g$ no outside guidance1 _! aim 0 p]petually *ang+1 accord+ to ! ev]-v>y+ dictates ( s5tim5t or exp$i5cy4 ,indep5d5t & unorganis$1 !y lack$ all connection ) pa/ & future2 & x is ?is t ! univ]sities are n[ giv+ !m4 ,ap>t f its intr9sic importance1 ?is re=m is rem>kable = ! spe$ & complet5ess ) :i* x has be5 accompli%$4 ,?irty ye>s ago x _h h>dly be5 s]i\sly contemplat$2 n[ eight ( ! t5 univ]sities ( ,great ,brita9 tea* _! /ud5ts )\t di/9ction ( sex1 :ile two o!rs admit !m to lectures1 exam9ations1 & _m o!r privileges4 ,all ?is has n be5 br\ght ab\t )\t h>d "w & p]sev]+ ef=t2 & x w\ld be va9 to seek ! orig9 ( all ! sep>ate =ces t1 act+ & re-act+ on "o ano!r1 h produc$ ?is result4 ,_m 7 ! work]s1 & ! hon\rs ( ! pione]s mu/ be %>$1 b among ^? :o l$ ! way a *ief place belongs to ,miss ,emily ,davies4 ,f ! fir/ %e realis$ t ! re=m 9 girls' education mu/ beg9 at ! top4 ,to quote h] own words3 #8,! incomplet5ess ( ! education ( s*oolmi/resses & gov]nesses is a drawback :i* no am\nt ( intellig5ce & goodwill c enable !m entirely to ov]come4 ,x is obvi\s t = ^? :o h to imp>t k ! prim>y requisite is to possess x2 & x is "o ( ! great difficulties ( female tea*]s t !y are call$ ^u to in/ruct o!rs :ile be+ inadequately in/ruct$ !mselves4 ,! m e>ne/ & consci5ti\s devote _! leisure h\rs to cont9u$ /udy1 & no d\bt mu* may be done 9 ?is way2 b x is at ! co/ ( ov]work1 (t5 involv+ ! sacrifice ( heal?1 to say no?+ ( ! disadvantages ( work+ alone1 )\t a tea*]1 (t5 )\t good books1 & )\t ! :olesome /imulus ( companion%ip4'#ad ,b1 important z 0 ! improvem5t 9 ! education ( ! tea*]s1 ,miss ,davies _h a wid] aim 9 view = ! college %e meant to f\nd4 ,x 0 to br+ a really lib]al education )9 rea* ( all wom51 ap>t f any special pr(essional aim4 ,girls1 z well z boys1 %\ld h opportunities giv5 !m to c>ry on _! /udies 9 cong5ial & /imulat+ surr\nd+s1 unhamp]$ by ! c>es ( e>n+ & unh9d]$ by conflict+ duties4 ,to !m1 too1 ! college life 0 to br+ t joy\s spr+-"t ( y\?1 fri5d%ip1 & unfett]$ delight ( /udy & leisure :i* _h hi!rto be5 )held f !m4 ,su* 0 ! g5]\s purpose 9 ! m9ds ( a few m5 & wom5 :o 7 try+ to fire o!rs ) _! own en?usiasm4 ,ev5 at ! "t ( ! ,s*ools' ,inquiry ,commission ?is "q _h be5 moot$1 & a memorial _h be5 s5t up po9t+ out ! want ( a sy/em ( #8in/ruction & discipl9e adapt$ to advanc$ /ud5ts1 comb9$ ) exam9ations te/+ & atte/+ ! value ( ! education receiv$4' ,! report ( ! ,commission & ! discussion x ar\s$ help$ to give publicity to ! proposal1 & at la/ x 0 resolv$ to te/ ! feasibility ( ! s*eme by actual exp]im5t4 ,9 #ahfg a committee _h be5 =m$ to consid] ! possibility ( f\nd+ a college #8design$ to hold 9 relation to girls' s*ools & home tea*+ a position analog\s to t occupi$ by ! univ]sities t[>ds ! public s*ools = boys4' ,x 0 resolv$ to try an exp]im5t on a small scale1 & proce$ fur!r z funds became available4 ,at ,hit*91 ne> ,cambridge1 a small h\se 0 hir$ = ! six /ud5ts :o pres5t$ !mselves1 & 9 ,octob] #ahfi !y began ! "w prescrib$ to c&idates = degrees by ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge4 ,insignificant z ^! beg9n+s may seem1 !y 7 ( mom5t\s importance 9 ! hi/ory ( wom5's education4 ,! f\nd]s ( ?is1 ! fir/ wom5's college 9 ,engl&1 _h to *oose once = all betwe5 a wom5's univ]sity1 ) its exclusive /udies & degrees1 & admission to ! great univ]sities ( ! c\ntry4 ,! "q ( a wom5's univ]sity debat$ & veto$ 9 #ahig _h really be5 f9ally settl$ 9 #ahgj1 :5 ! fir/ lady /ud5ts reque/$ & receiv$ p]mission to be exam9$ 9 ! pap]s set = ! ,previ\s ,exam9ation4 ,! prospectus ( ! new college issu$ 9 ! autumn ( #ahfi conta9$ ?is clause3 #8,! ,c\ncil %all use su* ef=ts z f "t to "t !y may ?9k mo/ exp$i5t & effectual to obta9 = ! /ud5ts ( ! ,college admission to ! exam9ations = ! degrees ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge1 & g5]ally to place ! ,college 9 connection ) ! ,univ]sity4' ,?is ambiti\s programme ?us e>ly laid d[n = ! infant ,college mu/ h provok$ _m smiles2 & look+ back n[ aft] ! lapse ( ne>ly ?irty ye>s1 we h>dly "k :e!r to wond] mo/ at ! confid5ce plac$ by ! f\nd]s 9 ! hi!rto untri$ abilities ( girls or at ! success :i* s abundantly ju/ifi$ _! anticipations4 ,x 0 ?us made cle> f ! outset t ! new college 0 to be no self-c5tr$ in/itution1 b 0 to d]ive its tea*+1 inspiration1 & /&>d f ,cambridge1 provid$ always t ! ,univ]sity 7 will+ to accept ! new responsibilities ?us propos$4 ,= ?is end x seem$ desirable to make an in=mal exp]im5t1 & ?r\gh ! k9dness ( ! individual exam9]s five ( ! /ud5ts 7 submitt$ to ! te/ ( ! ,previ\s ,exam9ation4 ,all 7 successful2 f\r atta9$ ! /&>d requir$ = a ,fir/ ,class1 & "o t ( a ,second4 ,two ye>s lat] ?ree /ud5ts ent]$ = ,tripos ,exam9ations 9 ! same in=mal mann]1 two pass+ 9 classics & "o 9 ma!matics4 ,?us ?ree ye>s aft] ! op5+ ( ! ,college ?ree ( its /ud5ts _h fulfill$ all ! conditions requir$ by ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge = a degree 9 ,hon\rs4 ,t 0 a suffici5t answ] to ! d\bt]s2 ! f\nd]s _h ju/ifi$ _! action4 ,h5ce=? ! future ( ! ,college 0 fix$4 ,mean:ile vigor\s ef=ts 7 be+ made to raise money = ! p]man5t build+ to be erect$ 9 or ne> ,cambridge4 ,?is 0 no easy task4 ,g5]\s donations = ! ne$s ( wom5 7 at t "t unkn[n4 ,! ,qu>t]ly ,review recomm5d$ #8simplicity ( liv+ & ! /ricte/ economy' z alone suitable = wom5 :o might h to e>n _! own liv+1 & desir$ to comb9e ) ?is #8tra9+ 9 h\sekeep+1 regul> ne$lework 444 su* cultivation z w make a really good wife1 si/]1 & daught] to educat$ m54' ,aga9/ su* selfi% & confus$ notions x 0 difficult to cont5d4 ,z ,miss ,%irreff wrote at ! "t3 #8,nev] yet h a company ( wom5 be5 able to scrape toge!r funds = an object specially _! own1 be x club1 or read+-room1 or hospital1 or1 z n[1 a college4' ,x is pleasant to realise t ?is is no long] true1 & t ! writ] ( ^! despair+ words liv$ to see ! *ange %e _h help$ to br+ ab\t4 ,! money came 91 ?\gh sl[ly4 ,madame ,bodi*on g5]\sly gave ! fir/ ?\s& p\nds1 & among ! e>lie/ subscrib]s 0 ,george ,eliot4 ,lady ,/anley 0 ano!r :o gave lib]al aid4 ,! subscription li/ gradually grew long]2 a piece ( l& 0 secur$ at ,girton1 ne> ,cambridge1 & build+ began4 ,9 #ahgc x 0 ready = occupation1 & h5ce=? became ! home ( ! ,ladies' ,college1 n[ incorporat$ z ,girton ,college1 ) ,miss ,davies in/all$ z ,mi/ress4 ,z ! numb]s increas$1 fre% additions 7 made to ! build+1 b ! aim & "w ( ! ,college rema9$ un*ang$4 ,/ud5ts 7 prep>$ = ! ,ord9>y & ,hon\rs ,degree ,exam9ations by means ( lectures giv5 at ,girton1 &1 z ^! 7 gradually op5$ to wom51 by att5dance at "s ( ! pr(essorial & int]collegiate lectures 9 ,cambridge4 ,!y 7 in=mally exam9$ ) ! same pap]s z 7 set to ! m51 & 9 e detail ( prelim9>y te/1 l5g? ( resid5ce1 etc4 !y con=m$ to ! rules laid d[n by ! ,univ]sity = its memb]s4 ,9 lieu ( ! degree1 :i* c\ld n be conf]r$ ^u !m1 !y receiv$ f ! ,college a #8degree c]tificate1' & ye> by ye> fre% pro(s 7 giv5 ( ! g5]al effici5cy ( ! ,college & its /ud5ts4 ,9 ?is way in=mal connection ) ! ,univ]sity 0 comb9$ ) =mal adh]5ce to its regulations4 ,?us matt]s cont9u$ till #ahha4 ,side by side ) ! beg9n+s ( ,girton1 ano!r movem5t _h be5 at "w4 ,?is 0 l>gely due to ! ,nor? ( ,engl& ,c\ncil1 :i* by promot+ exam9ations = wom5 ov] eighte51 _h be5 e/abli%+ a fre% l9k betwe5 ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge & ! education ( girls4 ,a ,cambridge committee e/abli%$ c\rses ( lectures 9 all ! subjects ( exam9ation4 ,^! naturally attract$ _m /ud5ts f a di/ance1 & ! same p]sons :o _h organis$ ! lectures1 soon _h to face ! problem ( h\s+ ! audi5ce4 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,sidgwick1 to ^: g5]\s & unfail+ assi/ance wom5 owe s mu*1 invit$ ,miss ,cl\gh to come & take *>ge ( a h\se ( resid5ce = wom5 /ud5ts4 ,?is h\se--,no4 #fd ,reg5t ,/reet--became ! g]m ( ,newnham4 ,z ! numb]s increas$1 removal to l>g] premises became necess>y1 & ,m]ton ,hall 0 tak54 ,:5 ?is too _h to be ab&on$ x 0 resolv$ to build4 ,funds 7 rais$ by ! ,newnham ,hall ,company1 & ev5tually ?is 0 amalgamat$ ) ! association :i* _h *>ge ( ! lectures1 & ! two 7 incorporat$ z ,newnham ,college4 ,?is developm5t f small beg9n+s1 "u ! ,pr9cipal's able managem5t ) ! con/ant help & sympa?y ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,sidgwick1 has n[ be5 fully made kn[n ?r\gh ,miss ,a4 ,b4 ,cl\gh's int]e/+ biography ( h] aunt4 ,newnham has se5 "s *anges ( policy & programme s9ce its fir/ beg9n+s 9 #ahgj1 b its true aim1 to advance ! education ( wom5 at ,cambridge1 has always rema9$ ! same4 ,s9ce ,newnham orig9at$ 9 a h\se ( resid5ce = girls prep>+ = ! ,high] ,local ,exam9ation1 ?is 0 naturally ! goal set be=e ! fir/ /ud5ts2 b v e>ly 9 its hi/ory "s few :o 7 m ambiti\s or bett] prep>$1 f\nd ?is aim insuffici5t1 & began1 l ! ,girton /ud5ts1 to /udy = ! degree exam9ations4 ,! ,high] ,local1 at fir/ ! goal1 gradually rec$$ 9 importance1 & became a prelim9>y in/ead ( a f9al1 b x 0 n made compulsory to foll[ ! ,cambridge curriculum exactly1 & 9 ^? e>ly days great latitude 9 *oice ( subjects1 exam9ations1 l5g? ( resid5ce1 etc4 0 all[$ to ,newnham /ud5ts4 ,?us matt]s cont9u$ till #ahhj1 :5 special att5tion 0 call$ to ,girton by ! di/+ui%$ success ( "o ( its /ud5ts1 :o 0 decl>$ by ! exam9]s 9 ! ma!matical ,tripos to be equal to ! eigh? wrangl]4 ,!re 0 n[ a t5 ye>s' record ( good "w to %[1 & ! "t seem$ opportune = br++ ab\t a m =mal connection ) ! ,univ]sity4 ,a memorial 0 drawn up & pres5t$1 :i* call$ att5tion to ! #8repeat$ in/ances ( success on ! "p ( /ud5ts ( ,girton & ,newnham ,colleges1 9 satisfy+ ! exam9]s 9 v>i\s degree exam9ations at ,cambridge1' & pray+ ! ,s5ate to #8grant to prop]ly qualifi$ wom5 ! "r ( admission to ! exam9ations = ,univ]sity degrees1 & to ! degrees conf]r$ accord+ to ! result ( su* exam9ations4' ,?is 0 sign$ by #hejj p]sons2 o!r petitions to ! same effect 7 receiv$1 & z a result a syndicate 0 appo9t$ to consid] ! matt]4 ,_! report advocat$ ! =mal admission ( wom5 to ! ,hon\rs exam9ations ( ! ,univ]sity1 & ! publication ( a sep>ate class-li/1 indicat+ ! position ( ea* 9 ! g5]al li/4 ,!y did n1 h[ev]1 recomm5d conf]r+ degrees on wom51 nor did !y advise admitt+ !m to ! ,ord9>y ,degree exam9ations4 ,! recomm5dations 7 embodi$ 9 ?ree ,graces1 pass$ by ! ,s5ate on ,febru>y #bd1 #ahha1 a r$-lett] day 9 ! annals ( ,college wom54 ,^! are ! mo/ important3-- #8#a4 ,t female /ud5ts :o h fulfill$ ! conditions respect+ l5g? ( resid5ce & /&+ :i* memb]s ( ! ,univ]sity are requir$ to fulfil1 be admitt$ to ! ,previ\s ,exam9ation & ! ,tripos ,exam9ations4 #8#b4 ,t su* resid5ce %all be kept--7a7 at ,girton ,college2 or 7b7 at ,newnham ,college2 or 7c7 )9 ! prec9cts ( ! ,univ]sity1 "u ! regulations ( "o or o!r ( ^! ,colleges2 or 7d7 9 any simil> in/itution )9 ! prec9cts ( ! ,univ]sity :i* may be recognis$ h]eaft] by grace ( ! ,s5ate4 #8#c4 ,t c]tificates ( resid5ce %all be giv5 by ! au?orities ( ,girton ,college or ,newnham ,college or o!r simil> in/itution h]eaft] recognis$ by ! ,univ]sity1 9 ! same =m z t :i* is cu/om>y 9 ! case ( memb]s ( ! ,univ]sity4 #8#d4 ,t except z is provid$ 9 regulation #e1 female /ud5ts %all1 be=e admission to a ,tripos ,exam9ation1 h pass$ ! ,previ\s ,exam9ation 7includ+ ! ,additional subjects71 or "o ( ! exam9ations :i* excuse memb]s ( ! ,univ]sity f ! ,previ\s ,exam9ation4 #8#e4 ,t female /ud5ts :o h obta9$ an ,hon\r c]tificate 9 ! ,high] ,local ,exam9ation1 may be admitt$ to a ,tripos ,exam9ation1 ?\gh su* c]tificate does n cov] ! special portions ( ! ,high] ,local ,exam9ation1 :i* are accept$ by ! ,univ]sity 9 lieu ( p>ts or ! :ole ( ! ,previ\s ,exam9ation2 provid$ t su* /ud5ts h pass$ 9 ,gr\p ,b1 7,language73 & ,gr\p ,c1 7,ma!matics74 #8#f4 ,t no female /ud5t %all be admitt$ to any "p ( any ( ! exam9ations ( ! ,univ]sity :o is n recomm5d$ = admission by ! au?orities ( ! ,college1 or o!r in/itution1 "u ^: regulations %e has resid$4 #8#g4 ,t aft] ea* exam9ation a class-li/ ( ! female /ud5ts :o h satisfi$ ! exam9]s %all be publi%$ by ! exam9]s at ! same "t ) ! class-li/ ( memb]s ( ! ,univ]sity1 ! /&>d = ea* class1 & ! me?od ( arrangem5t 9 ea* class be+ ! same 9 ! two class li/s4 #8#h4 ,t 9 ea* class ( female /ud5ts 9 :i* ! names are arrang$ 9 ord] ( m]it1 ! place :i* ea* ( su* /ud5ts w\ld h occupi$ 9 ! correspond+ class ( memb]s ( ! ,univ]sity %all be indicat$4 #8#i4 ,t ! exam9]s = ! ,tripos %all be at lib]ty to /ate1 if ! case be s1 t a female /ud5t :o has fail$ to satisfy !m1 has 9 _! op9ion rea*$ a /&>d equival5t to t requir$ f memb]s ( ! ,univ]sity = ! ord9>y ,b4,a4 degree4 #8#aj4 ,t to ea* female /ud5t :o has satisfi$ ! exam9]s 9 a ,tripos ,exam9ation1 a c]tificate %all be giv5 by ! ,univ]sity /at+ ! conditions "u :i* %e 0 admitt$ to ! exam9ations ( ! ,univ]sity1 ! exam9ations 9 :i* %e has satisfi$ ! exam9]s1 & ! class & place 9 ! class to :i* %e has atta9$ 9 ea* ( su* exam9ations4' ,?is 0 foll[$ 9 #ahhb by p]mission to pass ! exam9ations = degrees 9 ,music4 ,! ,colleges & _! /ud5ts ?us receiv$ =mal ackn[l$gm5t f ! ,univ]sity1 & ! /atus !n conf]r$ rema9s un*ang$ to ?is day4 ,two attempts h s9ce be5 made to induce ! ,univ]sity to c>ry its concessions to _! logical issue1 & conf] degrees on wom54 ,t ( #ahhg came to an untimely end1 z x 0 n ev5 consid]$ by a syndicate2 ! ev5ts ( #ahig belong to rec5t hi/ory1 & are too fre% to all[ a prop] e/imate ( _! significance4 ,! facts are ^!4 ,9 #ahif f\r memorials 7 pres5t$ to ! ,c\ncil1 ask+ = ! nom9ation ( a syndicate #8to consid] on :at conditions & ) :at re/rictions1 if any1 wom5 %\ld be admitt$ to degrees 9 ! ,univ]sity4' ,! syndicate 0 appo9t$1 & report$ 9 fav\r ( conf]r+ #8! title ( ! degree ( ,ba*elor ( ,arts' by diploma ^u wom51 #8:o1 9 accordance ) ! n[ exi/+ ord9ances1 %all h]eaft] satisfy ! exam9]s 9 a f9al ,tripos ,exam9ation1 & %all h kept by resid5ce n9e t]ms at lea/2 provid$ t ! title s conf]r$ %all n involve memb]%ip ( ! ,univ]sity4' ,?is seem$ a v mod]ate proposal1 s9ce x only involv$ a =mal ackn[l$gm5t ( privileges already conf]r$1 b someh[ ! ,univ]sity took fright4 ,p]haps x n[ = ! fir/ "t realis$ :at _h already be5 done1 & det]m9$ to all[ no m concessions2 p]haps an elem5t ( jeal\sy 0 beg9n+ to play a "p among ! y\ng] memb]s :o _h appe>$ 9 ! same class li/s z ! wom51 & n always 9 ! highe/ places2 c]ta9 x is t :ile ! be/ weight & le>n+ 9 ,cambridge 7 9 fav\r ( ! proposals1 numb]s 7 rang$ on ! o!r side2 & ! vot+ result$ 9 a majority ( m ?an a ?\s& aga9/ ! proposal4 ,9 e/imat+ ?is result x is well to rememb] t ! wom5's colleges _h met ) f> m rapid success ?an ev5 _! f\nd]s _h anticipat$4 ,!y _h produc$ a ,s5ior ,wrangl] & a ,s5ior ,classic1 & a =midable li/ ( fir/ classes 9 ^! & o!r ,triposes4 ,x 0 no long] possible to put aside _! a*ievem5ts ) ! old contemptu\s =mula1 #8v good consid]+4' ,! movem5t _h succe$$ beyond all hope or fe>1 & :ile its true fri5ds rema9$ /aun*1 _m ( ! indiff]5t n[ rang$ !mselves among ! op5 enemies4 ,ev5ts _h mov$ too fa/ = ! re>gu>d ( public op9ion to keep up ) !m4 ,at any rate ! refusal 0 decisive1 & matt]s settl$ d[n once m to ! /atus quo ( #ahha4 ,anomal\s z is _! position1 ! /ud5ts ( ,girton & ,newnham h _m & great advantages4 ,= a comp>atively l[ fee !y receive all ! advantages ( a ,univ]sity education2 !y enjoy ! manifold privileges t belong to resid5ce 9 ,cambridge1 !y may att5d ne>ly all pr(essorial & v _m college lectures1 _! own colleges also provide excell5t lectur+ & coa*+2 & !y may ent] = any ( ! ,tripos ,exam9ations1 & = ^? t lead to ! degrees ( ,doc4 & ,bac4 ,mus4 ,!y h ! advantage ( life 9 beautiful build+s1 ) pl5tiful opportunities = recreation1 ex]cise1 & social int]c\rse1 :ile ! v fact ( belong+ to ,girton or ,newnham conf]s a c]ta9 pre/ige :i* is an advantage pr(essionally & socially4 ,h[ev] mu* we may desire ! degree1 & regret its indef9ite po/ponem5t1 x may yet safely be said t n[h]e else c wom5 obta9 su* advantages z at ,cambridge4 ,no anxiety ne$ be felt ab\t ! future ( ! colleges4 ,! success ( _! /ud5ts1 ! influ5ce _! #8graduates' h _h on ! tea*+ pr(ession1 & ! good "w done by !m 9 o!r fields1 h amply ju/ifi$ ! new dep>ture4 ,if success has come too quickly1 public op9ion may lag beh9d a few ye>s long]4 ,meantime ! "w goes on4 ,at ?is p]iod ( _! hi/ory x is no long] necess>y to describe ! colleges4 ,ev]ybody :o kn[s ,cambridge is famili> ) !m4 ,bo? h increas$ greatly s9ce _! fir/ beg9n+s4 ,girton has add$ fre% w+s & a t[]2 *ang$ its entrance & built a libr>y :i* is full to ov]fl[+4 ,! trees h gr[n up ar\nd x & (f] pleasant %ade to summ] tea-p>ties & aft]noon l\ng]s1 ! #8woodl& walk' t encircles ! gr\nds is gay at almo/ all seasons ) pretty blossoms & fl[]+ %rubs4 ,newnham has enl>g$ its fir/ 7,old7 hall & built two new ones1 call$ by names t w ev] be held 9 hon\r1 ,cl\gh & ,sidgwick ,halls4 ,"o libr>y has be5 outgr[n1 & ano!r--a g5]\s gift--has be5 lately add$2 a road has be5 div]t$ all[+ an addition to ! gr\nds1 & a fre% approa* made "u a t[] gateway ) beautiful iron gates pres5t$ by old /ud5ts 9 memory ( _! fir/ ,pr9cipal4 ,girton has once m outgr[n its accommodation1 & is appeal+ = build+ funds4 ,! colleges are gr[+ bo? outw>dly & 9 _! aims4 ,n ! lea/ hopeful feature is ! numb] ( #8graduate' /ud5ts :o cont9ue _! /udies 9 ,cambridge or at "o ( ! =eign univ]sities1 or devote to rese>* or social problems t leisure & fre$om f responsibility :i* wom5 possess 9 a great] %>e ?an m54 ,! f\nd]s h be5 abundantly ju/ifi$ 9 _! resolve to e/abli% no m]e tra9+-s*ool = gov]nesses1 b to (f] a wide & lib]al education to all4 ,!re are "s diff]5ces 9 ! arrangem5ts ( ! two colleges4 ,at ,girton ea* /ud5t has two rooms1 at ,newnham "o4 ,! ,girton fees are #aje p] annum includ+ coa*+ & exam9ations2 at ,newnham !y are #ge1 b ^! items are n 9 all cases includ$4 ,girton supplies cabs = /ud5ts :o att5d lectures 9 ,cambridge2 ,newnham1 be+ 9 ! t[n1 is )9 a walk4 ,bo? require e "o :o has n tak5 an equival5t1 e4g4 ! high] c]tificate ( ! ,jo9t ,bo>d1 to pass an entrance exam9ation4 ,bo? colleges aw>d s*ol>%ips1 ?\gh sc>cely suffici5t to meet ! _m dem&s f girls ^: p>5ts _c af=d ! paym5t ( full fees4 ,miss ,wel%1 "o ( ! e>ly ,hit*9 /ud5ts1 is n[ mi/ress ( ,girton2 ,newnham has a ,vice-pr9cipal = ea* ( ! halls1 & a ,pr9cipal ov] ! :ole4 ,9 ?is po/ ,mrs4 ,h4 ,sidgwick succe$$ ,miss ,cl\gh1 :5 ! true f\ndress ( ,newnham di$ 9 #ahib4 ,!re is a good deal ( resemblance betwe5 ! ,cambridge colleges & ! ,ox=d halls1 ?\gh ^! latt] h a diff]5t hi/ory4 ,z e>ly z #ahfe a s*eme = lectures & classes at ,ox=d _h be5 organis$ by ,miss ,smi?1 & rema9$ 9 op]ation = sev]al ye>s4 ,9 #ahgc ano!r simil> s*eme 0 set on foot by a committee ( ladies1 ) ,mrs4 ,max ,mll] z treasur]1 & ,mrs4 ,h4 ,w>d & ,mrs4 ,creighton1 foll[$ by ,mrs4 ,t4 ,h4 ,gre51 z secret>ies4 ,! outcome ( ?is 0 ! ,association = ! ,education ( ,wom51 organis$ 9 #ahgh1 its object be+ #8to e/abli% & ma9ta9 a sy/em ( in/ruction hav+ g5]al ref]5ce to ! ,ox=d exam9ations4' ,"h z at ,cambridge ! next /ep 0 to f\nd halls ( resid5ce to accommodate /ud5ts f a di/ance4 ,two ( ^!1 ,som]ville & ,lady ,m>g>et1 7 op5$ 9 ! same ye>1 #ahgi2 s9ce !n two m1 ,/4 ,hugh's & ,/4 ,hilda's1 h be5 add$4 ,! great diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 betwe5 ! arrangem5ts at ! two ,univ]sities is t ! ,ox=d ,association1 in/ead ( amalgamat+ ) ! halls1 has cont9u$ an indep5d5t exi/5ce1 tak+ ! lead 9 all matt]s conc]n+ wom5's education4 ,mo/ associations ( ?is k9d 7 tempor>y bodies1 :i* dissolv$ :5 ! college or s*ool = :i* !y 7 work+ 0 e/abli%$1 or :5 ! p>ticul> in/itution ) :i* !y 7 connect$ _h op5$ its doors to wom54 ,b ! ,ox=d ,association has increas$ 9 importance ) ! developm5t ( ! colleges1 & has become a ,bo>d ( ,/udies = _! /ud5ts1 & a means ( communication betwe5 !m & ! ,univ]sity4 ,"o ( its functions is to organise lectures1 to :i* memb]s ( ! ,univ]sity n infrequ5tly reque/ & obta9 admission4 ,x also und]takes ! negotiations ) ! v>i\s pr(essors & colleges t admit wom5 to lectures1 & x is ?anks to its ex]tions t !y may n[ att5d "u c]ta9 regulations lectures at almo/ e college 9 ,ox=d4 ,simil>ly _! admission to univ]sity exam9ations is ! "w ( ! ,association4 ,9 fact1 x acts almo/ z a fem99e dep>tm5t ( ! ,univ]sity1 s9ce x has to sanction ! e/abli%m5t ( halls1 make itself responsible = ! /udies & discipl9e ( its /ud5ts1 & g5]ally e/abli% _! connection ) ! ,univ]sity4 ,?is connection receiv$ its =mal ackn[l$gm5t 9 #ahic1 :5 ! ,dean ( ,*ri/*ur* 0 appo9t$ to repres5t ! ,hebdomadal ,c\ncil on ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,association1 & a room 9 ! ,cl>5don ,build+ 0 l5t x z an (fice4 ,!re are "s o!r te*nical diff]5ces betwe5 ! position ( wom5 at ,ox=d & ,cambridge4 ,! latt] directly ackn[l$ges ! wom5's colleges1 ! =m] 9 !ory kn[s no?+ ( its wom5 /ud5ts1 b leaves ! ,delegacy = ,local ,exam9ations to arrange = _! exam9ation4 ,! delegates are all[$ = ?is purpose to use ! pap]s set by ! ,univ]sity exam9]s = m51 &1 ( c\rse1 ! exam9ations are conduct$ simultane\sly & "u exactly ! same conditions4 ,wom5 may ent] = e exam9ation--:e!r ,pass or ,hon\rs--lead+ to ! ,b4,a4 degree1 & x is ?is ,delegacy :i* lays d[n ! special conditions4 ,9 all cases a ,prelim9>y exam9ation is compulsory & 9 "s an ,int]m$iate1 b nei!r ! ,delegacy nor ! ,univ]sity dem&s t !y %\ld con=m to ! regulations impos$ on m5 9 reg>d to duration ( /udy1 prelim9>y exam9ations & resid5ce4 ,?is has l$ to great] fre$om 9 "w2 b1 z (t5 happ5s1 ?is great] lib]ty has prov$ some:at detrim5tal4 ,x 0 difficult to gauge ! value ( "w done "u su* conditions1 s9ce "s /ud5ts w\ld end a f\r ye>s' c\rse ) ,mod]ations & o!rs at once beg9 work+ = ! ,f9al ,s*ools4 ,!n !re 7 "s special exam9ations = wom51 :i* by t v re/riction fail$ to w9 ev5 ! pre/ige !y des]v$1 & an impression1 n q unf\nd$1 spread abroad1 ( a c]ta9 vagu5ess 9 ! ,ox=d "w1 :i* less5$ its value 9 ! eyes ( ! g5]al public4 ,!re 0 no real ga9 9 mak+ a selection f a c\rse t _h be5 c>efully plann$ out by ! ,univ]sity = its memb]s1 & z ?is anomal\s /ate ( ?+s _h really be5 br\ght ab\t by ! gradual op5+ ( ! exam9ations1 :i* made ! regul> c\rse at fir/ inaccessible to wom5 /ud5ts1 !re seem$ no reason = cont9u+ x :5 once ?is difficulty 0 remov$4 ,ox=d wom5 got less cr$it (t5 ?an 0 _! due1 simply because "s little prelim9>y =mality _h be5 omitt$4 ,9 ord] to rem$y ?is1 & put ! :ole "w on a firm] basis1 ! ,association decid$ to in/itute a sy/em ( diplomas = ^? ( its /ud5ts :o h tak5 ! full c\rse requir$ ( memb]s ( ! ,univ]sity4 ,?is c]tificate is aw>d$ only to /ud5ts :o h ent]$ _! names on ! regi/] qualify+ = x1 h kept _! resid5ce aft] date ( entry1 & pass$ ! exam9ations ( ! ,b4,a4 c\rse 9 ! ord] & "u ! conditions z to /&+ prescrib$ = memb]s ( ! ,univ]sity4 ,ano!r diploma is also (f]$ to ^? :o h pass$ a c\rse ( ?ree exam9ations approv$ by ! c\ncil4 ,?\gh equival5t to ! ,b4,a4 diploma z reg>ds difficulty ( atta9m5t1 !re appe>s to be little dem& among rec5t /ud5ts = ?is alt]native c\rse2 & x w probably be reg>d$ z a survival f ! days :51 ! ,univ]sity exam9ations be+ only p>tially op5 to wom51 sub/itutes _h 9 "s cases to be devis$4 ,c]tificates are also aw>d$ to ^? /ud5ts :o h resid$ n less ?an eight t]ms1 & h obta9$ a class 9 an ,hon\r ,exam9ation ( ! ,univ]sity or ( ! ,delegates ( ,local ,exam9ations4 ,^! diplomas & c]tificates (f] a def9ite inc5tive to regul> /udy1 & s]ve at once to %[ ! value ( ! "w done 9 ea* case4 ,at ,ox=d1 z at ,cambridge1 an attempt has be5 made to w9 complete ackn[l$gm5t = wom5 /ud5ts by ! conf]m5t ( ! degree4 ,an appeal 0 made to ! ,univ]sity 9 #ahie4 ,! "q came to ! vote 9 #ahif1 & "h1 z aft]w>ds at ,cambridge1 ! proposal 0 ?r[n out by a consid]able majority4 ,ox=d wom51 l _! si/]s at ,cambridge1 mu/ !re=e wait a :ile long] = complete recognition4 ,! attempt "h may h be5 a little premature1 s9ce1 ow+ to ! late op5+ ( ! exam9ations & ! latitude all[$ to /ud5ts1 !re 7 at t "t v few :o _h fulfill$ all ! necess>y conditions4 ,/ill ! reason ( ! refusal 0 probably id5tical 9 bo? cases1 & indicat$ a deep-root$ prejudice t mu/ be ov]come be=e fur!r /eps c be tak54 ,meantime ! in/itution ( ! degree-c]tificate is giv+ fre% impetus to ! "w1 & attract+ l>g] numb]s to ! colleges4 ,( ^! ,som]ville & ,lady ,m>g>et 7 f\nd$ almo/ simultane\sly1 b ) some:at diff]5t aims1 ! =m] be+ und5om9ational1 ! latt] di/9ctly ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,bo? 7 int5d$ z halls ( resid5ce = ,association /ud5ts1 b 9 #ahha ,som]ville 0 incorporat$ z a college #8to provide = ! resid5ce ( wom5 /ud5ts' z well z #8= ! in/ruction ( wom5 /ud5ts & = ! deliv]y ( lectures to su* /ud5ts'2 x 0 n1 h[ev]1 till #ahid t ! t]m #8college' came into g5]al use4 ,l ! ,cambridge colleges x has gr[n f small beg9n+s2 x has be5 enl>g$ f\r times1 n on "o plan b by ! addition ( fre% build+s1 s t x does n pres5t ! appe>ance ( a connect$ :ole4 ,b /&+ 9 pleasant gr\nds among f9e old trees1 ?is v m$ley gives x a c]ta9 *>m4 ,x c n[ accommodate ov] sev5ty /ud5ts1 besides ! ,pr9cipal1 secret>y1 & f\r resid5t tutors4 ,_m ( its old /ud5ts h ga9$ hon\rable positions = !mselves2 inde$ ! ,pr9cipals ( two lead+ wom5's colleges1 ,holl[ay & ,b$=d1 7 *os5 f ! ranks ( old ,som]ville /ud5ts4 ,lady ,m>g>et 0 f\nd$ by ! ,bi%op ( ,ro*e/] & o!rs1 & has adh]$ to its orig9al plan ( supply+ resid5ce to ,*ur* memb]s ( ! ,association4 ,x und]takes no "p ( ! in/ruction1 b makes use ( ! ,association's tutorial & lectur+ /aff4 ,= "s ye>s ! numb]s cont9u$ small1 b z !y gradually increas$ x became necess>y to con/ruct an additional hall4 ,"p ( ?is1 ! ,wordswor? build+1 0 occupi$ 9 #ahif1 :5 ! numb]s w5t up to =ty-n9e1 & ! c\ncil are n[ appeal+ = additional funds ) :i* to build a *apel & ! c5tral block1 to conta9 ! libr>y & p]man5t d9+-hall4 ,a pretty ?at*$ boat-h\se on ! ,*]well is an attractive feature ( ! gr\nds1 & ,lady ,m>g>et is pr\d ( its r[+ club4 ,! ,pr9cipal is ,miss ,wordswor?1 daught] ( ! late ,bi%op ( ,l9coln & great-niece ( ! poet4 ,! hall takes its "n f ,lady ,m>g>et ,beau=t1 t r5[n$ patroness ( le>n+1 & !re is a ca/ f h] effigy 9 ! t9y college *apel4 ,9 close connection ) ,lady ,m>g>et is ,/4 ,hugh's4 ,x 0 f\nd$ 9 #ahhf by ,miss ,wordswor? to provide a m economical resid5ce = wom5 /ud5ts4 ,by a sy/em ( %>+ b$rooms & us+ common sitt+-rooms1 some:at l[] fees became practicable = ^? :o c\ld n af=d ! ord9>y t]ms4 ,! plan does n seem to h prov$ v successful1 & ,/4 ,hugh's has develop$ into a small indep5d5t hall = tw5ty-five /ud5ts1 on ! same l9es z ,lady ,m>g>et1 b ) a graduat$ sy/em ( fees accord+ to ! room occupi$4 ,l ,lady ,m>g>et x is conduct$ accord+ to ! pr9ciples ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 ) lib]ty = o!r d5om9ations4 ,x also uses ! tutorial /aff ( ! ,association4 ,all /ud5ts are expect$ to read = "s ,univ]sity exam9ation unless specially exempt$ by ! ,c\ncil4 ,! ,pr9cipal is ,miss ,mob]ly1 daught] ( ! late ,bi%op ( ,salisbury4 ,! y\nge/ ( ! ,ox=d halls is ,/4 ,hilda's4 ,x 0 f\nd$ by ,miss ,beale 9 #ahic1 & meant 9 ! fir/ in/ance = /ud5ts pass+ on f ,*elt5ham to ,ox=d4 ,?is exclusive "* has1 h[ev]1 be5 ab&on$1 & x is n[ =mally recognis$ "u ! rules ( ! ,association = ! ,education ( ,wom54 ,x /ill receives ! great] "p ( its /ud5ts f ,*elt5ham1 ?\gh !re is no?+ n[ to exclude o!rs4 ,z yet ! numb]s are v small4 ,! ,pr9cipal is ,mrs4 ,burr[s4 ,( ^! f\r in/itutions1 ,som]ville1 ! l>ge/ & mo/ di/+ui%$1 is ! only und5om9ational "o4 ,all f\r h ! comb9$ b$room-/udies1 ) common d9+-halls1 libr>ies1 etc4 ,out-door games1 debat+ societies1 college clubs1 etc4 are z popul> z at ,cambridge4 ,all ! colleges require an entrance exam9ation or an alt]native1 & all give s*ol>%ips accord+ to ability4 ,! fees at ,som]ville 7includ+ bo>d1 lodg+1 tuition & lectures7 range f #gh to #ij accord+ to ! room occupi$4 ,at ,lady ,m>g>et !y are #ge1 exclusive ( tuition1 :i* involves ano!r #bj or #be4 ,at ,/4 ,hugh's ! inclusive t]ms range f #gj to #ij2 at ,/4 ,hilda's z at ,lady ,m>g>et1 !re is a *>ge ( #ge1 :i* does n include tuition4 ,besides ^? :o reside at ! halls o!r wom5 are frequ5tly attract$ to ,ox=d4 ,= ^!1 too1 ! ,association makes provision4 ,^? :o avail !mselves ( ! lectures & direction ( ! ,association1 b d n reside 9 a hall1 are regi/]$ z home /ud5ts1 & are plac$ "u ! c>e ( a ,pr9cipal & a committee ( ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,association4 ,!y are requir$ to reside1 ) ! ,pr9cipal's approval1 9 a h\se sanction$ by ! committee1 & to con=m to c]ta9 rules correspond+ to ^? laid d[n = hall /ud5ts4 ,! ,pr9cipal p]=ms "s ( ! functions ( a tutor4 ,/ud5ts call ^u h] at ! beg9n+ & end ( ea* t]m1 & submit to h] _! li/s ( lectures be=e s5d+ !m 9 to ! (fice4 ,! home /ud5ts are d\btless able to pursue _! /udies m economically4 ,! tuition fees seldom exce$ #be1 & bo>d & lodg+ may be _h = #bes4 a week & upw>ds4 ,z ,ox=d t]ms r>ely exce$ eight weeks x is possible by v c>eful managem5t to keep exp5ses d[n to #ej to #fj4 ,z a matt] ( fact a l>ge proportion ( ^! /ud5ts are daught]s ( ,ox=d resid5ts4 ,! arrangem5t is also a conv5i5t "o = =eign]s :o come to ,ox=d = a %ort "t only4 ,_m come 9 ?is way f ,am]ica1 aft] tak+ a degree 9 "o ( _! own colleges4 ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 ,russian1 ,r\manian1 ,dani%1 ,sw$i%1 & ,norwegian /ud5ts h at diff]5t times resid$ 9 ,ox=d1 work+ at ,engli% language & lit]ature1 = ! tea*+ diplomas ( _! own c\ntry4 ,by help+ ^! ! ,association c consid]ably increase its sph]e ( usefulness1 & )\t di/urb+ ! "w ( ! halls x introduces a wid] outlook into ! lives ( ! /ud5ts4 ,at ! same "t x is op5 to home /ud5ts to take ! regul> c\rse1 & sev]al ( !m d s4 ,! committee only regi/]s ^? :o take up a sy/ematic c\rse ( /udy1 ext5d+ ov] at lea/ ?ree t]ms1 b ev5 ^? :o come = a %ort] "t c att5d its lectures & pr(it by its help4 ,by ^! v>i$ means ! ,association is able to draw toge!r all ! ag5cies = wom5's education at ,ox=d2 9 #ahig ! numb] ( /ud5ts on its books 0 #bjb1 & !re is e reason to expect a consid]able increase n[ t ! in/itution ( ! degree-diploma has giv5 a fre% impulse to ! "w4 ,! /eady fl[ f our girls' s*ools to bo? ,univ]sities proves t ! colleges h won appreciation ?r\gh ! :ole ( ! c\ntry4 ,happily _m ( ! f\nd]s are yet among u to enjoy ! fruits ( ! lab\rs4 ,girton & ,newnham1 ,som]ville & ,lady ,m>g>et1 be> eloqu5t te/imony to ! tru? t ! dream]s ( visions are (t5 ^? :o see fur!/ & be/4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,admission ,,to ,,univ]sities ,! position ( wom5 at ,ox=d & ,cambridge is s anomal\s z to require a good deal ( explanation1 & inde$ x is sometimes said t ! only real grievance ^! /ud5ts h is ! difficulty ( mak+ p und]/& :at !y may & :at !y may n d4 ,!re is no su* difficulty :5 we come to ! new] univ]sities4 ,"h ! c\rse has be5 "o ( /eady progress1 & "o aft] ano!r all ! b>ri]s h fall54 ,london 0 ! pione] 9 ?is re=m1 & its exceptional position made x an excell5t field = exp]im5t4 ,a m]e exam9+ & degree-conf]r+ body1 ! ,london ,univ]sity 0 n oblig$ to face ^? difficult que/ions ( resid5ce1 tea*+1 & discipl9e :i* _h to be consid]$ else:]e4 ,x 0 natural t wom5 :o desir$ to obta9 pr(essional qualifications )\t be+ compell$ to seek !m outside _! own c\ntry1 %\ld apply to ,london = help4 ,z e>ly z #ahef ,miss ,j4 ,m4 ,:ite _h address$ a lett] to ! ,regi/r>1 inquir+ :e!r a woman c\ld become a c&idate = a diploma 9 m$ic9e4 ,c\nsel's op9ion 0 tak5 9 ! matt] & prov$ adv]se4 ,9 #ahgb x 0 aga9 rais$ by ,miss ,elizabe? ,g>rett 7n[ ,mrs4 ,g>rett ,&]son7 :o reque/$ admission z a c&idate = matriculation4 ,%e 0 refus$ on ! same gr\nd4 ,s9ce x appe>$ t ! ,univ]sity _h n p[] to acc$e to ^! reque/s1 a memorial 0 drawn up begg+ x to seek = su* modifications 9 its *>t] z w\ld enable x to admit wom5 to exam9ation4 ,! motion 0 br\ght be=e ! ,s5ate1 & lo/ by ! ca/+ vote ( ! ,*ancellor4 ,) success s ne>ly atta9$ ! advocates ( ! *ange det]m9$ n to let ! matt] drop1 & aft] a :ile a modifi$ proposal 0 made4 ,x 0 ?\ght t a special exam9ation = wom5 might meet ! case1 or at any rate s]ve z an exp]im5t 9 :at 0 !n a v new field4 ,! fir/ 0 held 9 ,may #ahfi1 & foll[$ ! l9es ( ,matriculation ) "s modifications4 ,z an isolat$ exam9ation ( no special difficulty & lead+ n[h]e1 x did n attract l>ge numb]s1 & x became m & m cle> t :at wom5 ne$$ 0 n s mu* a special c\rse ( /udy z--to quote ! words ( ! ,cal5d>--#8to h access to ! ord9>y degrees & hon\rs1 & to be subject to ! same te/s ( qualification :i* 7 impos$ on o!r /ud5ts4' ,! result ( ?is conviction 0 t 9 #ahgh x 0 decid$ to accept f ! ,cr[n #8a supplem5tal *>t]1 mak+ e degree1 hon\r1 & prize aw>d$ by ! ,univ]sity accessible to /ud5ts ( bo? sexes on p]fectly equal t]ms4' ,! *>t]1 h[ev]1 decl>$ t no woman %\ld be a memb] ( ,convocation until ,convocation %\ld itself pass a resolution admitt+ !m4 ,9 #ahhb1 almo/ z soon z !re 0 any woman eligible1 ?is resolution 0 pass$1 & h5ce=? bo? sexes 7 plac$ on an absolute equality 9 _! treatm5t by ,london ,univ]sity4 ,!re is no ne$ to dwell on ! success ( ?is new dep>ture4 ,! ,london degrees h be5 eag]ly s\ght by wom51 & !y h won di/+ui%$ places 9 ! class li/s4 ,among its graduates ,london numb]s ov] fifty female ,m4,a4's1 six ,d4,sc4's1 "o ,d4,lit41 to say no?+ ( _m hundr$ ,b4,a4 & ,b4,sc41 z well z all ! m$ical degrees4 ,class li/s %[ no special division into mascul9e & fem99e /udies1 s9ce wom5 h won high hon\rs 9 classics1 & m5 9 mod]n languages4 ,ev5 on ,pres5tation-,day special allusions to ! lady-graduates are seldom made 9 ! spee*es2 x is no long] consid]$ a matt] ( surprise t wom5 %\ld hold _! own intellectually4 ,! ,london class li/s ) _! rigid equality h prov$ to demon/ration ! equality ( ! sexes z f> z conc]ns ! doma9 ( exam9ation4 ,& at ! p>ticul> mom5t :5 ?is 0 done1 x 0 ! greate/ s]vice t c\ld be r5d]$ to ! cause ( wom5's education1 s9ce x settl$ once & = all ! "q ( mak+ special conditions = !m4 ,b ?r[+ op5 ! exam9ations & degrees ( ,london 0 only an indirect assi/ance to _! education1 s9ce ! ,univ]sity exam9es all :o come1 b asks no que/ions z to h[ or :]e !y ga9$ _! tea*+4 ,!re 0 "o in/itution already 9 exi/5ce :i* 0 only wait+ = ?is new impulse to enl>ge ! scope ( its "w4 ,b$=d ,college _h be5 gradually develop+ f humble beg9n+s into an in/itution ( fir/-class educational importance4 ,9 #ahgd x _h be5 remov$ f ,b$=d ,squ>e to its pres5t premises 9 ,york ,place1 ,bak] ,/reet1 & "h x has be5 gradually exp&+1 add+ ano!r h\se1 build+ on at ! back1 supply+ n[ "o laboratory n[ ano!r1 until x has rea*$ its pres5t condition ( effici5cy1 tak+ its place z ! lead+ wom5's college ( ,london4 ,its success is probably due to ! progressive action ( its c\ncil1 ev] ready to realise new ne$s & meet ea* fre% dem& z x arose4 ,recognis+ ! trans=mation :i* ! op5+ ( ! ,london degrees mu/ effect 9 wom5's education1 !y at once proce$$ to op5 classes 9 ! subjects ( ! exam9ations4 ,at ! fir/ ,matriculation ,exam9ation to :i* wom5 7 admitt$1 five ,b$=d ,college /ud5ts pres5t$ !mselves1 & all took ,hon\rs4 ,9 due c\rse classes = ,b4,a4 "w 7 add$1 !n ,b4,sc41 !n ,m4,a41 & 9 all ^! ,b$=d ,college /ud5ts acquitt$ !mselves well4 ,! college _h n[ won an hon\rable place among univ]sity colleges1 & 9 #ahid x 0 includ$ among ! li/ ( ^? entitl$ to a %>e ( ! annual grant ( #ae1jjj to univ]sity colleges 9 ,great ,brita94 ,f ?is s\rce x receiv$ #gjj1 s9ce increas$ to #abjj1 & x n[ receives also an annual grant ( #ejj f ! ,london ,te*nical ,education ,bo>d1 = ! fur!r equipm5t ( ! laboratories & developm5t ( practical "w 9 sci5ce4 ,?is is a speciality ( ,b$=d ,college4 ,its laboratories = biology1 botany1 *emi/ry1 geology1 physiology1 & physics meet e requirem5t4 ,! college is /ill op5 to girls :o att5d only s+le c\rses1 b ! majority ent] z regul> /ud5ts1 & "w ei!r = a ,london degree or ! alt]native college c\rse4 ,b$=d has also add$ o!r dep>tm5ts ( /udy to ! ord9>y curriculum4 ,x has an art s*ool1 a tra9+ dep>tm5t = tea*]s1 & a special hygi5e c\rse1 = :i* c]tificates are conf]r$4 ,& f9ally x has develop$1 z f> z its accommodation w p]mit1 into a resid5tial college4 ,! old-fa%ion$ dormitory bo>d+ accommodation has be5 aboli%$ 9 fav\r ( /ud5ts' rooms 9 ! b$-/udy fa%ion s famili> at ,newnham & ,ox=d1 & ! g5]al managem5t has be5 plac$ 9 ! h&s ( a ,pr9cipal4 ,miss ,emily ,p5rose1 ! fir/ to fill ?is po/1 has n[ become ,pr9cipal ( ,holl[ay1 & h] place is tak5 by ,miss ,e!l ,hurlbatt1 late ,w>d5 ( ,ab]d>e ,hall4 ,b$=d ,college1 true to its und5om9ational pr9ciples1 has nev] introduc$ religi\s in/ruction into its curriculum4 ,x is n unnatural t a wi% has be5 express$ 9 "s qu>t]s = a resid5tial college1 :i* %\ld prep>e its /ud5ts = ,london degrees & at ! same "t take cognisance ( _! religi\s tra9+4 ,x 0 = ?is end t ,we/field ,college at ,hamp/ead 0 f\nd$ 9 #ahhb4 ,its b5efactor 0 ,miss ,dud9 ,br[n1 :o made ov] to tru/ees ! sum ( #aj1jjj #8= ! e/abli%m5t ( a college = ! high] education ( wom5 on ,*ri/ian pr9ciples4' ,! ,pr9cipal is ,miss ,mayn>d1 "o ( ! e>ly /ud5ts ( ,girton1 :o has introduc$ into ,we/field _m ( ! arrangem5ts ( ! p>5t college4 ,! two-room plan1 :i* has f\nd too few imitators1 is ! rule "h4 ,inclusive fees1 z at ,girton1 are #aje a ye>4 ,! conditions = admission are simil>4 ,!re are ?ree entrance s*ol>%ips1 op5 to girls :o h pass$ ! ,london ,matriculation 9 ,hon\rs or 9 ! fir/ division4 ,! college began its "w 9 hir$ h\ses at ,hamp/ead1 b build+ soon became necess>y4 ,x is pleasantly situat$ 9 t mo/ attractive ( ! ,london suburbs1 & comb9es "s advantages ( bo? t[n & c\ntry4 ,?\gh x has no laboratories ( its own1 /ud5ts c easily rea* ^? ( ,b$=d ,college to :i* !y h access2 & simil>ly x is easy to supply f ,london su* tea*+ z _c be und]tak5 by ! resid5t /aff4 ,we/field /ud5ts take high places 9 ! class li/s1 & x supplies an important addition to ! ,london colleges4 ,9 enum]at+ ^! we _c omit ,holl[ay1 = ?\gh f> beyond ! bord]s ( ! metropolis1 x is m & m assimilat+ its tea*+ to ! ,london "w4 ,su* 0 n1 h[ev]1 its orig9al purpose4 ,among ^? :o att5d$ ! meet+ 9 #ahfg to consid] ! f\ndation ( a wom5's college1 0 ,mr4 ,?omas ,holl[ay1 & at "o "t x 0 hop$ he w\ld prove a b5efactor to x4 ,b ,mr4 ,holl[ay pref]r$ ! idea ( an indep5d5t college unconnect$ ) a univ]sity1 l ,vass> & o!rs 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & 8 wi%es 7 ?us express$3 #8,x is ! f\nd]'s desire t p[] by ,act ( ,p>liam5t1 ,royal ,*>t]1 or o!rwise1 %\ld ultimately be s\ght1 enabl+ ! college to conf] degrees on its /ud5ts aft] prop] exam9ation 9 ! v>i\s subjects ( in/ruction4' ,) ?is end 9 view he *ose a beautiful site ne> ,egham1 & built ^u x a mo/ elaborate & fully equipp$ college1 :i* %\ld "s day develop into a wom5's univ]sity4 ,no?+ 0 sp>$ t c\ld contribute to ! com=t & well-be+ ( ! /ud5ts4 ,ea* has two rooms2 & ! magnific5t d9+-hall1 museum1 picture-gall]y1 etc4 prove t no pa9s 7 sp>$ to make ! new college attractive z well z effici5t4 ,= all t1 x 0 view$ at fir/ ) "s misgiv+s1 = x seem$ to lack a def9ite aim4 ,x 0 =mally op5$ by ! ,que5 9 #ahhf1 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> ,miss ,bi%op 0 appo9t$ ,pr9cipal1 b /ud5ts came 9 sl[ly4 ,a lib]al provision ( s*ol>%ips1 & ! beauty & heal?y situation ( ! college did mu* to dispel ! fir/ misgiv+s1 especially :5 x began to appe> f results t ! tea*+ too 0 ( ! be/4 ,! f\nd] _h himself direct$ t until ! p[] to conf] degrees %\ld h be5 obta9$ #8x is int5d$ t ! /ud5ts %all qualify !mselves to take ! degrees at ! ,univ]sity ( ,london or any o!r univ]sity ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom ^: degrees may be obta9$ by !m1 or to pass any exam9ation op5 to !m at any su* univ]sity1 :i* may be equival5t to a degree exam9ation4' ,9 accordance ) ?is p]mission ! fir/ /ud5ts 7 prep>$ = ! ,london degrees1 & also = ! exam9ations ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d1 :i* "u pres5t conditions are op5 to all com]s1 s9ce ! delegacy takes no cognisance ( resid5ce4 ,holl[ay /ud5ts may !re=e1 if !y please1 pres5t !mselves = exam9ation 9 ,mod]ations & ,f9al ,s*ools j z if !y 7 resid+ at ! ,ox=d halls4 ,!y _c1 ( c\rse1 obta9 ! ,association's diploma1 & miss ! advantage ( ! ,ox=d lectures4 ,on ^! l9es ! college work$ = t5 ye>s1 :5 circum/ances made x necess>y to reconsid] its position4 ,at bo? ,ox=d & ,cambridge ! degree _h be5 refus$1 & x seem$ desirable = ! fri5ds ( wom5's education to come to "s decision on _! future policy4 ,once aga9 ! s*eme ( a wom5's univ]sity 0 rais$2 & ,holl[ay ,college took ! lead 9 call+ a meet+ to discuss ! "q4 ,op9ions 7 invit$ z to ! future action ( ! college1 & ?ree propositions 7 made3 7#a7 ,t ,holl[ay ,college %\ld1 9 accordance ) ! f\nd]'s w1 seek p[]s to conf] its own degrees4 7#b7 ,t a ,f$]al ,univ]sity %\ld be f\nd$1 to include 9 its jurisdiction all ! wom5's colleges4 7#c7 ,t ,holl[ay %\ld associate itself m closely ) ,london1 & seek admission into its tea*+ ,univ]sity :5 ?is %\ld be f\nd$4 ,! discussion %[$ a /rong cons5sus 9 fav\r ( ?is la/ proposal1 & x is probable t h5ce=? ! "w ( ,holl[ay ,college w be *iefly direct$ t[>ds ! ,london c\rses4 ,if s1 x w be safe to pr$ict = x a brilliant future4 ,its heal?y situation1 delightful gr\nds1 beautiful build+s1 & l>ge end[m5t1 ) ! prospect ( receiv+ full recognition = "w done1 w attract l>ge numb]s2 inde$ ) ,holl[ay1 ,b$=d1 & ,we/field = _! own1 ,london wom5 h little left to desire4 ,:atev] !y may lack else:]e fulle/ measure is dealt to !m "h4 ,nor are !y ev5 re/rict$ to _! own special colleges4 ,! classes at ,univ]sity ,college are op5 to all :o c>e to att5d2 inde$ ?is 0 "o ( ! fir/1 if n ! v fir/1 ( our ,engli% colleges to try ! co-education exp]im5t4 ,aft] exp]im5t+ by hold+ "s classes = wom5 sep>ately1 & admitt+ !m tempor>ily to o!rs1 ! pr(essors decid$ 9 fav\r ( jo9t classes1 & ! result 0 ! op5+ ( all except ! dep>tm5ts ( ,m$ic9e & ,eng9e]+4 ,! results prov$ altoge!r satisfactory1 & ?is end has be5 help$ by ! appo9tm5t ( a lady-sup]9t5d5t1 :o holds ! same position t[>ds ! wom5 /ud5ts t a vice-dean does to ! m54 ,no woman is admitt$ z a /ud5t except ^u h] recomm5dation1 & ^u production ( satisfactory ref]5ces4 ,9 ?is way _! special int]e/s are safegu>d$1 & girls f> f home may always secure fri5dly advice & guidance4 ,fur!r1 !re is a special resid5ce provid$ at ,college ,hall1 ,byng ,place1 :]e /ud5ts may h "s ( ! advantages ( college life :ile pursu+ _! /udies at ,univ]sity ,college1 or ! ,woman's ,m$ical ,s*ool close by4 ,) ,miss ,grove z ,pr9cipal1 & ,miss ,morison1 sup]9t5d5t ( ! wom5 /ud5ts1 z ,vice-,pr9cipal1 x (f]s a bright & cultivat$ home to its inmates1 & keeps up ! collegiate idea by admitt+ only su* z h already pass$ ,matriculation or an equival5t exam9ation1 & are pursu+ a regul> c\rse ( /udy4 ,! fees = bo>d & resid5ce v>y1 accord+ to ! room occupi$ & ! l5g? ( ! t]m1 f #ea to #ij ! session4 ,to give a complete li/ ( ! in/itutions t prep>e /ud5ts = ! ,london degrees1 w\ld be impossible1 s9ce x is op5 to any p]son 9 any place to hold su* classes4 ,a few "w = !m at ! ladies' dep>tm5t ( ,k+'s ,college1 b on ! :ole ! "w ( ?is bran* is m on ! l9es ( miscellane\s lectures & g5]al culture4 ,"s s*ools1 e4g4 ! ,nor? ,london & ! ,b$=d ,high ,s*ool1 also c>ry on _! pupils beyond ,matriculation to ! ,int]m$iate exam9ations1 or ev5 fur!r4 ,! ,ladies' ,college1 ,*elt5ham1 provides in/ruction = ! full ,arts c\rse4 ,mo/ ( ! prov9cial univ]sity colleges h ,london degree classes1 & _m c&idates1 :o _c get oral tea*+1 make use ( ! ,univ]sity ,tutorial & o!r correspond5ce classes4 ,a new developm5t on fre% l9es is suppli$ by ! ,polyte*nics4 ,9 mo/ ( ^!1 :e!r 9 ,london or o!r l>ge t[ns1 classes are held 9 all ! subjects ( ! ,london exam9ations ) p>ticul> assi/ance = ,sci5ce4 ,) fully equipp$ laboratories1 a l>ge /aff ( tea*]s1 & consid]able funds at _! disposal1 ! ,polyte*nics may yet become =midable rivals to ! o!r ,london colleges4 ,"s regret ?is new dep>ture1 & believe t su* in/itutions w\ld be bett] employ$ 9 conf9+ !mselves to _! orig9al function1 ! enc\ragem5t ( h&icraft2 on ! o!r h&1 a sy/em ( *eap local colleges is s valuable to l>ge numb]s t x is n likely to be ab&on$4 ,"s place mu/ be f\nd 9 ! new organisation ( ! ,london ,univ]sity = ^! in/itutes1 if !y !mselves desire x2 b p]haps we %all see1 in/ead ( ?is1 a f$]ation ( ^! great sci5ce & h&icraft s*ools into "s fre% ,univ]sity ( _! own4 ,! example set by ,london 9 #ahgi 0 soon to be imitat$4 ,only a ye> aft]w>ds a new ,univ]sity 0 f\nd$1 & ! pr9ciple ( includ+ wom5 0 at once adopt$4 ,! *>t] ( ,victoria ,univ]sity di/9ctly /at$ t its degrees & di/9ctions might be conf]r$ #8on all p]sons1 male or female1 :o %all h pursu$ a regul> c\rse ( /udy 9 a ,college 9 ! ,univ]sity1 & %all submit !mselves = exam9ation4' ,! degree is some:at on ! l9es ( ! ,london1 b att5dance at c]ta9 prescrib$ c\rses ( /udy is requir$4 ,^! c\rses mu/ be cont9u$ = ?ree ye>s at lea/4 ,h5ce admission to ! ,victoria degrees really dep5ds on ! action ( ! individual colleges1 :i* are q unfett]$ by ! ,univ]sity4 ,^! are--7#a7 ,ow5s ,college1 ,man*e/]2 7#b7 ,univ]sity ,college1 ,liv]pool2 7#c7 ,york%ire ,college1 ,le$s4 ,! fir/ ( ^! _h be5 9 exi/5ce z a m5's college "s ye>s be=e ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,univ]sity1 & x has n seem$ anxi\s to make *anges 9 its orig9al con/itution4 ,x became necess>y to organise a special dep>tm5t = wom51 9 connection ) :i* !y /ill receive "s ( _! in/ruction4 ,b ! tea*+ = ! high] exam9ations1 i4e4 ^? beyond ! ,victoria ,prelim9>y1 is receiv$ 9 ! ord9>y college classes4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 m5 & wom5 are taught toge!r 9 ne>ly all ! ,b4,a4 & ,b4,sc4 classes2 & ! ,prelim9>y1 l ! ,london ,matriculation1 belongs to s*ool "w1 & has no prop] place 9 a college curriculum at all4 ,ow5s /ill foll[s ! old plan1 n[ almo/ ev]y:]e disc>d$1 ( (f]+ special c]tificates to wom5 on easi] t]ms2 b = ^! !re is little dem&4 ,s9ce ,univ]sity ,college1 ,liv]pool 0 n incorporat$ till #ahha1 i4e4 aft] ! con/itution ( ! ,univ]sity1 x 0 natural t x %\ld foll[ its lead 9 ! recognition ( wom51 b ?is 0 n yet full & ungrudg+4 ,! *>t] says3 #8female /ud5ts may be admitt$ to att5d any ( ! c\rses ( in/ruction e/abli%$ 9 ! college1 subject to su* re/rictions & regulations z /atutes ( ! ,college may f "t to "t prescribe4' ,at pres5t ! regulations /& ?us3 #8,female /ud5ts may be admitt$ to ! classes ( ! ,college1 except ^? ( ! ,m$ical ,s*ool1 "u regulations to be fram$ by ! ,s5ate & approv$ by ! ,c\ncil4' ,9 !ory1 !re=e1 ,univ]sity is a m5's college t admits wom54 ,9 fact1 ) ! exception ( ! m$ical classes1 ! two are pretty mu* on an equality4 ,m5 & wom5 are admitt$ on ! same t]ms to ! day & ev5+ classes2 ?r\gh\t ! regulations ! words #88 or h]' are us$4 ,rules apply to bo? sexes alike4 ,hi!rto ! college has be5 ( use *iefly to ,liv]pool resid5ts1 & = su* x 0 d\btless int5d$1 b x is j ab\t to ext5d ! sph]e ( its usefulness by op5+ a ,hall ( ,resid5ce = ,wom54 ,! fees = resid5ce are to be #dj to #ee p] annum4 ,college tuition fees are ab\t #bj to #be4 ,! total exp5ses w\ld !re=e be a little less ?an at ,newnham4 ,liv]pool c h>dly (f] ! attractions ( ,cambridge1 b ! hall %\ld prove useful = girls 9 ! ,nor? :o d n wi% to g too f> f home1 or to :om ! "r to use ! degree lett]s is ( "s special value4 ,& s9ce ,cambridge & ,ox=d c by no means attempt to accommodate ! :ole ( ! ev]-increas+ cont+5t ( wom5 /ud5ts1 x is well t !re %\ld be _m & v>i$ opportunities ( /udy (f]$ !m else:]e4 ,at ! ,york%ire ,college1 ,le$s1 all ! classes are op5 to wom5 z to m51 & all h be5 att5d$ by !m except ! purely pr(essional ones & ! m$ical s*ool4 ,?is college *iefly supplies local ne$s1 z f>1 at any rate1 z girls are conc]n$2 = its specialities1 su* z coal-m9+1 dye+1 lea!r1 & textile indu/ries1 etc4 naturally d n appeal to wom54 ,x is to a great ext5t a te*nological college1 receiv+ assi/ance f ! ,clo?work]s'1 ,sk9n]s'1 & o!r city companies4 ,b x has also an ,arts dep>tm5t1 :]e /ud5ts c be prep>$ = ,victoria or ,london exam9ations1 & ?is is ( great use to boys & girls :o pass on f _! respective s*ools4 ,! la/ ( ! ,engli% ,univ]sities to admit wom5 0 ,durham4 ,z comp>$ ) ,ox=d & ,cambridge1 x is a rec5t f\ndation1 s9ce x receiv$ its *>t] 9 #ahcg4 ,s9ce "o ( its mo/ important faculties is ,div9ity1 x seem$ a less suitable field ?an o!rs = fem99e /udy1 b a *ange 0 effect$ by ! f\ndation1 9 #ahga1 ( ! ,newca/le ,college ( ,sci5ce1 9 connection ) ,durham1 :i* admitt$ /ud5ts ( bo? sexes to sci5tific & m$ical classes4 ,x !n became important to w9 ! ,univ]sity hall-m>k = ! wom51 & aft] a :ile ,durham 0 induc$ to apply = ! necess>y p[]s4 ,9 #ahie x receiv$ a supplem5t>y *>t]1 giv+ p[] to conf] degrees on wom5 9 all faculties except div9ity4 ,) ?is exception1 wom5 are admitt$ z memb]s ( ! ,univ]sity on ! same t]ms z m54 ,all lectures are op5 to !m4 ,male /ud5ts reside = ! mo/ "p 9 college z at ,ox=d & ,cambridge2 ! wom5 /udy+ at ,durham are !re=e at pres5t unatta*$ memb]s4 ,?is /ate ( ?+s w be rem$i$ z soon z a regul> wom5's college is op5$ at ,durham2 special s*ol>%ips = wom5 are already (f]$1 to attract l>g] numb]s4 ,at ,newca/le1 :i* at pres5t receives ! majority ( ! wom5 /ud5ts1 a ho/el has be5 op5$ = !m4 ,! numb] ( lady graduates is z yet ( necessity small4 ,x is significant ( ! /eady advance ( public op9ion on ! subject ( wom5's education1 t ! y\nge/ ( all our univ]sities is ! "o to d !m fulle/ ju/ice4 ,x is ! pr\d boa/ ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,wales t its *>t] conta9s ! foll[+ clause3 #8,wom5 %all be eligible equally ) m5 = admittance to any degree1 :i* ! ,univ]sity is1 by ?is our ,*>t]1 au?oris$ to conf]4 ,e (fice h]eby creat$ 9 ! ,univ]sity1 & ! memb]%ip ( e au?ority h]eby con/itut$1 %all be op5 to wom5 equally ) m54' ,! ,univ]sity ( ,wales is a f$]ation ( ?ree con/itu5t colleges1 all mu* old] ?an ! ,univ]sity itself1 & !y 9 _! turn repres5t aspirations :i* ! fable-lov+ ,cymry trace back to ho>y days ( antiquity4 ,ca]leon-on-,usk1 !y tell u1 0 ! precursor ( ! pres5t ,prifysgol ,cymru2 & :5 9 ! n9? c5tury ,alfr$ ! ,great det]m9$ to f\nd ! comp>atively mod]n ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d1 x 0 to ,wales he s5t = pr(essors4 ,:51 9 #ahic1 ! royal seal 0 set to ! *>t] ( ! ,wel% ,univ]sity1 x symbolis$ ! revival ( anci5t & dep>t$ glories4 ,h[ev] little fai? we may atta* to "s ( ^! tales1 "o ?+ is c]ta94 ,! aspirations :i* express$ !mselves 9 ! f\ndation ( ,ab]y/wy? ,college _h dwelt among ! p = _m g5]ations4 ,at la/1 9 ! e>ly fifties1 x 0 resolv$ to f\nd a ,univ]sity ,college = ,wales1 b ! problem :5ce to obta9 ! funds 0 n easy to solve4 ,appeal 0 made = volunt>y contributions1 & !y came1 "s l>ge1 "s small1 all giv+ accord+ to _! means4 ,/ill x 0 n till tw5ty ye>s aft] ! fir/ sugge/ion t ! college came into be+4 ,9 #ahgb1 :5 ,ab]y/wy? 0 op5$1 ,girton _h already made its fir/ />t at ,hit*91 & ! h\se ( resid5ce1 t 0 to develop into ,newnham1 _h be5 op5$ at ,cambridge2 b ^! beg9n+s 7 too small to attract g5]al att5tion1 & ! new college became1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 an in/itution = male /ud5ts only4 ,!re 0 no?+ to =bid ! admission ( wom51 x 0 simply a ?+ no "o _h contemplat$2 & :51 at la/1 9 #ahhc1 a few wom5 /ud5ts did pres5t !mselves1 no "o ?\ght ( %utt+ ! door on !m4 ,:5 ! college *>t] 0 conf]r$ 9 #ahhi1 x simply recognis$ ! fact ( _! pres5ce by ! clause3 #8,female /ud5ts %all be admitt$ to all ! b5efits & emolum5ts ( ! ,college1 & wom5 %all be eligible to sit on ! ,gov]n+ body1 on ! ,c\ncil1 & on ! ,s5ate4' ,prosp]ity did n come all at once to ,ab]y/wy?4 ,x _h at fir/ to /ruggle aga9/ two great evils3 lack ( funds1 & ! insuffici5t prelim9>y tra9+ ( its /ud5ts4 ,appeal 0 made = ,gov]nm5t help 9 bo? directions1 & ! result ( frequ5t repres5tations 0 ! appo9tm5t1 by ! ,"l ,presid5t ( ! ,c\ncil1 ( a dep>tm5tal committee1 to inquire into ! :ole /ate ( ,wel% education4 ,9 #ahha ?is committee report$ t a case _h be5 made out = ,gov]nm5t aid to bo? second>y & high] education 9 ,wales1 & recomm5d$ ! e/abli%m5t ( two colleges1 "o 9 ,nor? & "o 9 ,s\? ,wales1 & ! ev5tual f\ndation ( a ,wel% ,univ]sity4 ,a grant ( #bejj1 aft]w>ds increas$ to #djjj1 0 at once made to ,ab]y/wy?2 9 #ahhc ! ,s\? ,wales ,college 0 f\nd$ at ,c>diff1 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> ! ,nor!rn ,college 0 begun at ,bangor1 ea* receiv+ an annual grant ( #djjj4 ,bo?1 f ! fir/1 op5$ _! doors to wom54 ,= ! fir/ t5 ye>s ! colleges direct$ _! c\rses ( /udy t[>ds ! degrees ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,london4 ,_! /ud5ts did well1 b ! desire = _! own ,univ]sity & _! own degrees nev] fad$ f ! m9ds ( ,wel%m54 ,a few eag] spirits met aga9 & aga9 9 conf]5ce1 !n foll[$ meet+s ( educationali/s all ov] ! pr9cipality1 & 9 #ahia ! ma9 l9es ( a univ]sity 7 laid d[n by public conf]5ce1 details 7 discuss$ by a repres5tative committee1 ref]r$ back to ! conf]5ce1 !n to ! colleges1 & ! sixte5 ,wel% c\nty c\ncils2 la/ly1 ! press & ! g5]al public 7 call$ ^u = an op9ion1 & !n ! s*eme 0 laid be=e ! ,presid5t ( ! ,c\ncil4 ,if ev] !re 0 a national ,univ]sity1 ! ,wel% may claim to h e/abli%$ "o4 ,9 ,novemb] #ahic ! royal seal 0 affix$ to ! *>t]1 & 9 ,june #ahie ! ,univ]sity held its fir/ ,matriculation ,exam9ation4 ,! degree c\rse ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,wales is a complicat$ "o1 & is by no means plann$ s t he :o runs may read4 ,x has a tw(old1 or r a ?reefold aim4 ,! ,univ]sity n only takes cognisance ( resid5ce1 b also lays d[n v c>eful directions z to ! mann] 9 :i* /ud5ts %all obta9 _! k4 ,n only does x dem& a ?ree ye>s' c\rse 9 a con/itu5t college ( ! ,univ]sity1 b x also prescribes ! nature ( ! c\rses1 & ! numb] ( lectures to be att5d$4 ,aft] ,matriculation1 :i* mu/ be pass$ 9 five subjects1 ?ree compulsory1 & two optional1 & may be tak5 9 "o ye> or 9 two1 ! regulations require ea* /ud5t to pursue n less ?an t5 c\rses1 ( :i* "o mu/ be 9 elem5t>y ,logic1 & "o1 at lea/1 a c\rse ( ,lat9 or ,greek4 ,ap>t f ! ,logic1 ! n9e c\rses mu/ be *os5 9 n less ?an ?ree1 or m ?an six dep>tm5ts4 ,! possible c\rses are designat$ accord+ to _! degree ( difficulty1 z int]m$iate1 ord9>y1 & special2 f\r1 at lea/1 mu/ be ( high] grade ?an int]m$iate4 ,9 ord] to di/ribute !m ev5ly ov] ! :ole t]m ( resid5ce1 no c&idate may take m ?an f\r 9 any "o ye>1 or m ?an sev5 9 ! fir/ two ye>s4 ,a c\rse is held to include n less ?an eighty lectures1 & ! correspond+ exam9ation2 & s9ce1 9 mo/ subjects1 ! int]m$iate c\rse mu/ be pursu$ be=e ! high] ones are attempt$1 e /ud5t has to att5d "s v elem5t>y lectures be=e proce$+ to any?+ at all l univ]sity "w4 ,z sixte5 is ! college age ( admission1 ?is arrangem5t is probably int5tional2 ! colleges are meant to cont9ue s*ool "w = "o ye> at lea/1 & gradually lead ! /ud5t on to m ardu\s lab\rs4 ,s9ce ! colleges are indep5d5t in/itutions1 !y h a good deal ( fre$om 9 ! organisation ( _! "w1 & may1 if !y please1 submit new s*emes = ! consid]ation ( ! ,s5ate1 ! o!r two colleges1 & ! ,univ]sity ,c\rt4 ,)\t ! sanction ( all ^! !y _c attempt any innovation4 ,! sup]ior /ress laid on ! actual in/ruction r ?an on ! ensu+ exam9ation is emphasis$ by appo9t+ ! ?ree pr(essors ( ea* subject z exam9]s1 ) ! help ( "o outside p]son1 :o mu/ be "s "o ( di/+ui%$ atta9m5ts & au?ority4 ,?us ! ,univ]sity ( ,wales proce$s on l9es :i*1 ?\gh new to u1 be> consid]able resemblance to ! plan ( _m ,am]ican colleges1 :]e ! numb] ( h\rs to be sp5t weekly 9 ! lecture-room c\nts z "p qualification = ! degree1 & ! exam9ations are spread out ov] ! :ole t]m ( resid5ce1 & n conc5trat$ into "o or two supreme ef=ts4 ,( c\rse ?is greatly relieves ! /ra91 & x is too soon to say :e!r ! degree w at all lose 9 pre/ige f ! num]\s ef=ts made to cle> ! /ud5t's pa? ( ?orns4 ,x is probably ! be/ sy/em = ,wales1 :]e ! ,int]m$iate s*ools only pr(ess to keep _! pupils till sev5te51 & !re is no?+ to prev5t able /ud5ts f compet+ = s*ol>%ips1 :i* %all enable !m to cont9ue at ,ox=d or ,cambridge ! /udies begun 9 "o ( _! own colleges4 ,ev5tually x is probable t facilities w be (f]$ = do+ advanc$ "w )\t =sak+ _! own c\ntry4 ,ev5 be=e ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,univ]sity1 ! colleges attract$ _m wom5 /ud5ts f ,engl& z well z ,wales4 ,all ?ree are pleasantly situat$ 9 heal?y spots1 & ! *eapness ( bo? tea*+ & liv+ help$ to attract _m girls4 ,x ?us soon became necess>y to consid] ! "q ( a mix$ univ]sity1 :i* _h no resid5tial colleges to simplify ! problem4 ,soon x became cle> t1 :]e "y p ( bo? sexes 7 v frequ5tly ?r[n toge!r1 x 0 desirable 9 ! int]e/s ( all conc]n$ to ex]cise "s sort ( control4 ,a hall ( resid5ce = ! wom5 seem$ ! be/ way out ( ! dilemma1 & x _h ! advantage ( draw+ !m away f lonely & (t5 uncom=table lodg+s1 & giv+ !m "s ( t feel+ ( corporate life :i* is valu$ s highly at ! old] univ]sities4 ,/ill x is notewor?y t1 to make ! plan a success1 resid5ce has _h1 "u c]ta9 conditions1 to be made compulsory4 ,! fir/ attempt at ,ab]y/wy? 0 a failure1 b 9 #ahhg ano!r h\se 0 tak51 & compulsory resid5ce requir$4 ,?is arrangem5t seem$ to attract /ud5ts2 9 ! foll[+ session _! numb]s increas$1 & cont9u$ to av]age ab\t =ty1 till 9 #ahia x 0 resolv$ to build a l>ge new hall4 ,! numb]s !n aga9 w5t up1 & h already rea*$ #age4 ,alex&ra ,hall 0 op5$ ) mu* /ate by ! ,pr9cess ( ,wales 9 ,june #ahig4 ,x c accommodate #bjj1 a numb] :i* mu/ soon be rea*$4 ,nei!r ,bangor nor ,c>diff c boa/ su* numb]s1 b 9 bo? ! ho/els are do+ well4 ,at ,bangor1 aft] a few ye>s' exp]im5t1 x 0 decid$ to make resid5ce compulsory = all girls "u tw5ty-"o4 ,! hall & college 7 br\ght into close connection by ! appo9tm5t ( a lady1 :o 0 also an (fic] ( ! college1 to act z sup]9t5d5t ( all ! wom5 /ud5ts4 ,p]mission is giv5 to wom5 to reside 9 any h\se :i*1 9 ! judgm5t ( ! ,pr9cipal & ,lady-sup]9t5d5t1 provides ho/el conditions ( sup]vision4 ,at ,ab]d>e ,hall1 ,c>diff1 !re is compulsory resid5ce = wom5 :o d n live 9 _! own homes4 ,at all ?ree halls ! fees are v l[1 =ty gu9eas be+ ! usual annual paym5t = bo>d & resid5ce1 & #aj = ! composition tuition *>ge4 ,at ,bangor & ,c>diff !re are also a few cubicles1 = :i* ! *>ge is only ?irty gu9eas4 ,?is plan h>dly appe>s to answ]1 nor does x seem desirable to let ! /&>d ( com=t fall bel[ a c]ta9 m9imum4 ,!re is a talk ( ab&on+ x4 ,9 e/imat+ ! numb]s at ^! colleges1 we mu/ rememb] t !y d n repres5t only /ud5ts 9 ,arts & ,sci5ce4 ,all ?ree h e/abli%$ day tra9+-dep>tm5ts1 & to ^! /ud5ts1 too1 ! halls are op51 z well z to ^? :o att5d ! ,c>diff ,cook]y ,s*ool4 ,9 attempt+ to put ! tra9+ = dome/ic economy & elem5t>y s*ool tea*+ on ! same foot+ z univ]sity "w1 ,wales is act+ 9 accordance ) its democratic traditions1 & try+ also to induce a high] class ( /ud5ts to take up ! elem5t>y tea*+4 ,! exp]im5t is c]ta9ly wor? mak+1 & x w be int]e/+ to wat* its success4 ,engli% high s*ool girls :o wi% to take up elem5t>y tea*+ might "h comb9e _! tra9+ & _! "w = ! ,wel% degree 9 a ?ree ye>s' c\rse4 ,) ! help ( ! w>d5s ( halls & ! ladies' committees1 ! colleges are able to face ! complications ( jo9t clubs & societies = bo? sexes4 ,all ^! involve "s special regulations1 9 reg>d to ! composition ( committees1 ! return f ev5+ meet+s1 etc4 b ! difficulties h n prov$ insup]able4 ,x w\ld h>dly be go+ too f> to say t ! wom5's halls ( resid5ce h sav$ ! situation 9 ,wales1 & made ?is mo/ complete example ( co-education possible4 ,x is n surpris+ t !y are be+ adopt$ else:]e4 ,! advocates ( educational equality = ! sexes1 ev5 :]e ! in/ruction is giv5 to bo? toge!r1 h assur$ly no desire to complicate or revolutionise social relations1 nor yet to conf] full lib]ty on ^? :o are h>dly em]g$ f ! s*oolgirl /age4 ,= bo? sexes ! resid5tial arrangem5t seems on _m gr\nds desirable1 & :ile congratulat+ ! wom5 on _! pleasant halls ( resid5ce1 we c b hope t ! male /ud5ts may n be left out 9 ! cold mu* long]1 )\t ! *ance ( le>n+ = !mselves ! true mean+ ( collegiate life4 ,! opportunities = advanc$ /udy op5 to wom5 h inde$ increas$ & multipli$ at a rapid rate dur+ ! la/ few ye>s4 ,beyond ! nor!rn b\nd>y we f9d all ! ,scotti% ,univ]sities h admitt$ !m freely to memb]%ip1 & if we cross ,/4 ,george's ,*annel1 ! ,royal ,univ]sity ( ,irel&--l ,london1 only an exam9+ body--takes no note ( sex1 & ev5 ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl91 is mak+ "s t5tative essays 9 ! tea*+ & exam9+ ( wom54 ,?is repres5ts :at has be5 done 9 our own isl&s1 b ! same movem5t has be5 go+ on simultane\sly all ov] ! _w4 ,?anks to ,mr4 ,m4 ,e4 ,sadl]1#ae we are n[ 9 a position to comp>e ! position ( wom5 at a hundr$ & ?irty-n9e diff]5t ,univ]sities4 ,que/ions 7 s5t to ! ,univ]sities ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&1 ! cont95t ( ,europe1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 ,canada1 ,india1 & ,au/ralia4 #8,x appe>s1' says ,mr4 ,sadl]1 #8t at a hundr$ ( ^!1 ! di/9ctions betwe5 m5 & wom5 /ud5ts are1 if any1 comp>atively unimportant2 at sev5 ,univ]sities wom5 /ud5ts are admitt$1 by c\rtesy or special p]mission1 to "s lectures & exam9ations2 at tw5ty-"o o!rs wom5 are1 by l fav\r1 admitt$ to "s ( ! lectures2 & at elev5 ,univ]sities !y are n admitt$ at all4' ,( ! exceptions five are 9 ,g]many1 ?ree 9 ,russia1 "o 9 ,irel&1 "o 9 ,belgium1 "o 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,france & ,italy are specially rem>kable = _! g5]\s recognition ( wom51 & ,g]many1 long obdurate1 is mak+ con/ant fre% concessions2 b int5d+ /ud5ts %\ld /udy ! special conditions ( ! "o !y wi% to att5d1 s9ce _m ( ! regulations are mo/ complicat$4#af ,?is g5]al advance all ov] ! civilis$ _w is ! *ief ga9 ?is half c5tury has br\ght to wom5's education4 ,?\gh ea* c\ntry has proce$$ on its own l9es ! movem5t has unconsci\sly be5 an int]national "o4 ,t gives x a /r5g? :i* w make x p]man5t4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,bo>d+ ,,& ,,private ,,s*ools ,once m our *ronicle takes u back to #ahfg4 ,a new era 0 !n inaugurat$1 t ( girls' day s*ools4 ,n t ^! 7 any?+ new2 small *eap day-s*ools = girls ab\nd$1 b ! majority ( !m 7 bad4 ,) fees rang+ f #c to #aj a ye>1 & pupils ( e v>iety ( age1 a little simple ari?metic w prove t ! mi/ress _h n suffici5t funds at h] disposal to pay = suitable premises & adequate tea*+1 to say no?+ ( w9n+ a mode/ compet5ce = h]self4 ,f all p>ts ( ! c\ntry came condemnation ( ^! small1 *eap s*ools4 ,! op9ions ab\t bo>d+-s*ools 7 by no means s unanim\s4 ,!y 7 c5sur$ = ! excessive att5tion giv5 to accompli%m5ts1 ! insuffici5t education ( ! tea*]s1 & _! neglect ( physical tra9+2 b ^! 7 faults common to ne>ly all ! s*ools ( t day1 & n *>act]i/ic ( bo>d+-s*ools z su*4 ,a c>eful p]usal ( ! ,commission]s' report leads to a f> m fav\rable impression ( bo>d+ ?an day-s*ools1 due1 probably1 to _! be+ less hamp]$ = funds4 ,b ! g5]al public is influ5c$ by impressions r ?an facts2 & c]ta9ly an impression did ga9 gr\nd t a day-s*ool 0 9 itself a good & a bo>d+-s*ool an evil4 ,unque/ionably ! re=m]s 7 "r 9 fir/ turn+ _! att5tion to ! =m]4 ,l>ge s*ools ( ?is k9d 7 easi] to organise1 & really made = effici5cy & economy1 t mu* desir$ comb9ation1 :i* 9 ?is case is n1 z s (t51 a m]e contradiction 9 t]ms4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( high & end[$ s*ools has br\ght a good education )9 rea* ( ?\s&s ( girls :o c\ld by no o!r means h obta9$ x4 ,! ext9ction ( ! small1 *eap bo>d+-s*ool :i* = ! pa/ c5tury _h be5 /ruggl+ to give ! l[] middle classes a poor] imitation ( ! poor education giv5 else:]e to _! social #8sup]iors1' is a ?+ no "o c s]i\sly deplore4 ,pa9less ext9ction is1 unhappily1 impossible4 ,! suff]+ :i* su* *anges br+ 9 _! tra9 is to be deplor$1 b ! article itself may be relegat$ to ! class ( ^? t #8nev] w be miss$4' ,! new day-s*ools met a real want1 & success came to !m at once4 ,x 0 natural !y %\ld attract ! fir/ relays ( ! #8graduates' t ! wom5's colleges 7 beg9n+ to s5d out4 ,?us !y 7 ! fir/ to introduce improv$ tea*+1 & = a :ile !y 7 suppos$ to h a monopoly ( x4 ,9 ! prevail+ de>? ( good mi/resses !y 7 able to get fir/ *oice2 n[1 aft] ! lapse ( ?irty ye>s1 ! supply exce$s ! dem&1 & a good tea*] is atta9able by any s*ool ( any grade t c satisfy ! v mod]ate dem&s ( univ]sity wom54 ,! high s*ools />t$ ) a v def9ite pr9ciple--! comb9ation ( s*ool tea*+ ) home influ5ce--d\btless ! ideal = all girls1 suppos+ t ea* side duly fulfils its %>e ( ! obligation4 ,b n[1 9 #ahih1 x is curi\s to note h[ f> ! high s*ool has travell$ 9 tw5ty-five ye>s4 ,! orig9al s*eme ( morn+-s*ool1 f n9e to "o1 & aft]noon prep>ation = a few girls :o _h no quiet room at home1 /ill prevails 9 !ory1 b quantum mutatus ab illo c be/ be realis$ by trac+ a day's r\t9e 9 s*ool4 ,fir/ come ! morn+ lessons1 usually five 9 numb]1 ) ! %ort break = play or drill1 !n ! s*ool d9n]1 to :i* ov] fifty girls sometimes sit d[n2 aga9 a %ort int]val be=e ! aft]noon classes1 music lessons & prep>ation1 :i* usually g on till f\r1 ?\gh girls :o h no special duties at ! "t may be f\nd at play 9 ! playgr\nd4 ,/ill lat]1 if x be summ]1 !re may be an adj\rnm5t to ! s*ool field1 (t5 at a consid]able di/ance4 ,n till d>kness sets 9 c x be said t ! day's s*ool life is ov]2 & ! eld] girls /ill h "s lessons to prep>e be=e b$-"t4 ,a heal?ful1 well-fill$ happy day is beh9d !m1 b :]e does ! home influ5ce come 98 ,! girls might z well be weekly bo>d]s = all ! %>e !y h 9 ! real life ( home4 ,saturday may see a cricket practice or a "w p>ty1 or a s*ool committee1 or a sket*+ exp$ition1 or a mat* ) "s di/ant s*ool4 ,sunday alone belongs to ! home4 ,! num]\s clubs1 *>ities1 old girls' meet+s1 etc4 fill up all ! "t ! girls c sp>e f _! lessons4 ,girls :o d n live q ne> frequ5tly become day-bo>d]s1 ?\gh ! ^w is n us$1 & take d9n]1 & sometimes ev5 tea1 at s*ool4 ,9 "s few cases ! s*ool ev5 und]takes to supply m$ical sup]vision & ! g5]al direction ( ! pupil's heal?1 ?us reliev+ p>5ts ( "o m responsibility4 ,9 fact ! day-s*ool is well on ! road to become a bo>d+-s*ool1 & ! e/abli%m5t ( bo>d+-h\ses m or less loosely connect$ ) x is a fur!r /ep 9 ! same direction4 ,h[ f> ^! s*ools h travell$ f _! orig9al int5tions becomes evid5t if we ref] back to a controv]sy on s*ool h\rs t took place 9 #ahhj 9 consequ5ce ( "s /rictures pass$ by ,mrs4 ,g>rett ,&]son on ! arrangem5ts 9 ! ,high ,s*ools4 ,%e consid]$ ! /ra9 ( ! f\r h\rs' morn+ excessive1 & propos$ r$uc+ x1 introduc+ aft]noon s*ool & a consid]able int]val = outdoor games betwe5 ! two4 ,?is 0 met ) g5]al opposition by headmi/resses4 ,day-s*ools1 x 0 said1 c\ld n be expect$ to provide d9n]1 x 0 mo/ undesirable = girls to return f s*ool z late z f\r or five on cold w9t] aft]noons1 tea*]s c\ld n be expect$ to und]take s mu* aft]noon "w1 :ile ! /ronge/ opposition ( all 0 made to ! games4 ,miss ,buss po9t$ out t ! mixture ( classes :i* 0 unobjectionable z long z girls only met at lessons :]e talk+ 0 =bidd51 or 9 ! %ort int]vals :i* 7 l>gely devot$ to lun* & drill1 might cause s]i\s difficulties if ! :ole day 7 sp5t 9 s*ool4 ,%e also ?\ght ! games w\ld be a difficulty2 only r\gh girls w\ld take "p 9 !m1 & ! re/ simply l\nge ab\t4 ,h[ wrong ^! pr$ictions h prov$ we all "k4 ,girls' a?letics h made />tl+ progress dur+ ! la/ t5 ye>s2 cricket & hockey1 seem+ly r\gh games1 h f\nd fav\r ) ! mo/ fem99e ( girls2 ! s*ool d9n] is a regul> in/itution1 & is accompani$ by pleasant *at ab\t practices1 mat*es1 election ( club (fic]s1 etc4 ,a new feature1 nev] contemplat$ by ! promot]s1 has ent]$ ^! day-s*ools2 &1 oddly en\gh1 is do+ m ?an any?+ else to br+ back to fav\r ! once despis$ bo>d+-s*ool4 ,^? t n[ orig9at$ 7 ( a new k9d1 at lea/ = girls2 s*ools :]e ! bo>d+-h\ses =m "p ( ! regul> organisation1 & ! :ole life & developm5t ( ! girls is "u ! *>ge ( ! mi/resses4 ,some?+ ( ! sort _h already be5 done at ,*elt5ham1 & d\btless ! ,college ow$ mu* ( its success to its bo>d+-h\se sy/em4 ,al?\gh a g5]al ,engli% education1 :i* is want$ by all alike1 c be suppli$ 9 any t[n capable ( support+ a l>ge day-s*ool1 ! v special tea*+ want$ by a few girls work+ = s*ol>%ips or specially advanc$ exam9ations causes a sev]e /ra9 on ! res\rces ( a mod]ate-siz$ s*ool1 is impossible = f9ancial reasons 9 a small "o1 & q inaccessible to ^? girls ) c\ntry homes f :om a consid]able proportion ( college /ud5ts is drawn4 ,h5ce !re arose a new type ( s*ool4 ,! fir/ ( ?is k9d orig9at$ 9 ,scotl&1 at ,/4 ,&rews4 ,x 0 f\nd$ 9 #ahgg by a local company ) a view to educat+ _! own daught]s2 b arrangem5ts 7 at once made = tak+ bo>d]s1 & ^! 7 plac$ "u ! imm$iate *>ge ( ! head-mi/ress4 ,z ! numb]s increas$1 o!r h\ses 7 tak5 & plac$ "u *>ge ( s5ior mi/resses2 & z m & m girls 7 attract$ f a di/ance1 ! bo>d+ elem5t began to pr$om9ate4 ,) ,miss ,lumsd51 "o ( ! #8,girton pione]s1' z fir/ head-mi/ress1 & ,miss ,dove1 ano!r /ud5t ( ,hit*9 days1 z h] successor1 ! s*ool v quickly settl$ d[n into l9es v closely resembl+ ^? ( a boys' public s*ool4 ,! bo>d+-h\ses became an integral "p ( ! in/itution1 ! s*ool-h\se be+ "u ! *>ge ( ! head-mi/ress1 & ! o!rs "u ! s5ior assi/ants4 ,9 ?is way ! /aff ( ! s*ool 0 /r5g!n$ by ! enc\ragem5t ?us (f]$ to wom5 ( ability to rema9 9 ! s*ool in/ead ( seek+ _! promotion else:]e4 ,! bo>d+-h\ses are also valuable 9 ensur+ regul> att5dance & prop] home prep>ation1 s9ce ! day-girls1 be+ 9 a m9ority1 _c introduce ^? lax ideas ( att5dance :i* are 9 "s places un=tunately ! result ( ! mu* vaunt$ home influ5ce4 ,! numb]s 9 ! s*ool are limit$ to #bjj4 ,! admission age is ?irte5 or f\rte51 no girl c be admitt$ :o has turn$ sev5te54 ,all mu/ pass an entrance exam9ation1 graduat$ accord+ to age1 b always includ+ a c]ta9 am\nt ( ,ari?metic1 ,engli%1 ,lat9 & ,fr5*4 ,a s*ool ( #bjj girls1 all betwe5 ?irte5 & n9ete51 & all ) a suffici5t prep>atory tra9+1 c g5u9ely conc5trate its ef=ts on high] tea*+4 ,! classes become easi] to gr\p1 & ) a l>ge /aff :i* all[s ( c>eful subdivid+1 all ! ord9>y h9drances to progress are remov$1 & a s*ool is enabl$ to "w "u ! be/ possible conditions4 ,x c1 if x is desir$1 make a speciality ( c]ta9 bran*es ( /udy4 ,at ,/4 ,&rews classics take an important place2 ( ! pres5t /aff five h pass$ ! ,classical ,tripos4 ,among ! hon\rs won by old pupils are fir/ classes 9 ,classical ,mod]ations & ,f9al ,classical ,s*ools at ,ox=d1 & 9 ! ,classical ,tripos at ,cambridge4 ,! s*ool di/9ctly aims at a lit]>y curriculum1 ) ! high] c]tificate ( ! ,jo9t ,bo>d to fix ! /&>d1 & ,ox=d or ,cambridge z ! goal = ^? girls ^: education is to be cont9u$4 ,/4 ,leon>d's ,s*ool1 z x has be5 call$ s9ce x acquir$ ! old build+s & beautiful gr\nds ( ! anci5t ,/4 ,leon>d's ,college1 is organis$ ) a s*ool-h\se & sev5 bo>d+-h\ses1 ea* "u ! *>ge ( a mi/ress4 ,) all ! girls "u ! control ( ! head-mi/ress x is possible to c>ry out ! prefect sy/em1 &1 by giv+ a good deal ( responsibility to ! ,six? ,=m1 remove t elem5t ( excessive sup]vision :i* 0 (t5 a h>mful elem5t 9 ! old-fa%ion$ bo>d+-s*ool4 ,ea* h\se con/itutes a small community1 ) its sep>ate d9+-room & /udy1 :]e ea* ( ! eld] girls has a small writ+-table & book%elf4 ,"s rules prevail 9 all1 e4g4 t no "w %all be done be=e breakfa/ or aft] #h4cj ,p4,m4 ,s*ool h\rs are f #i to #ab4cj e day1 ) special subjects 9 ! aft]noon4 ,aft] d9n] ab\t "o & a half h\rs are giv5 to games "u *>ge ( a special mi/ress4 ,!re is a playgr\nd ( sixte5 acres1 :i* comprises cricket-field1 golf-c\rse1 lawn & gravel t5nis-c\rts1 l>ge hockey-c\rts & fives-c\rts1 etc4 ,! ,/4 ,leon>d's girls are r5[n$ = _! skill 9 games4 ,) a s*ool ?us organis$ ! life ( ! girls is made easi]4 ,!re is no conflict ( aims2 9 t]m-"t ! s*ool claims its due1 9 holidays ! home4 ,:e!r ?is is !oretically ! be/ plan is an academic r ?an a practical "q1 b x is und\bt$ly b5eficial to ! /udies & heal? ( ! girls4 ,a mi/ress :o is intimately acqua9t$ ) ! "w ( e ,=m c *eck ov]work m effectually ?an ! mo/ anxi\s "m1 :o is incapable ( judg+ f t s*ool po9t ( view :i* looms s l>ge 9 ! "y girl's m9d4 ,loyalty & public _s1 develop$ by ?is jo9t life ( small communities )9 a l>ge "o1 are important factors 9 =m+ "*1 & ! g5]al atmosph]e ( alt]nate "w & play )\t ! excessive excitem5t ( home gaieties & ! di/raction ( dome/ic int]e/s unque/ionably facilitates /udy4 ,:e!r ! ga9s to "* really outweigh ! advantages ( ! family life dep5ds s entirely on ! arrangem5ts & atmosph]e ( ea* p>ticul> home1 t x is impossible to give any g5]al op9ion4 ,at any rate results seem to %[ t ?is class ( s*ool is "o ( ! *ief ne$s = girls at ! pres5t "t4 ,a good deal ( att5tion _h be5 drawn to ,/4 ,leon>d's ,s*ool 9 ,engl&1 & 9 spite ( ! di/ance _m girls 7 9 ! habit ( j\rney+ nor?w>ds ?ree times a ye> = ! sake ( %>+ 9 its advantages4 ,at la/ a numb] ( educationali/s decid$ to e/abli% a s*ool ( ?is k9d 9 ,engl&1 & induc$ ,miss ,dove1 :o _h n[ plac$ ! ,nor!rn s*ool on a ?or\ghly satisfactory basis1 to organise a simil> "o 9 ! ,s\?4 ,! ,education ,company1 ,limit$1 0 =m$1 ) a c\ncil ( :i* ! ,ma/] ( ,tr9ity became presid5t4 ,x 0 =tunate en\gh to secure = its fir/ s*ool ! beautiful h\se & gr\nds ( ,wycombe ,abbey4 ,situat$ 9 lovely c\ntry1 ) ?irty-six acres ( its own1 & ! re/ ( ! p>k /ret*$ all ab\t x1 ! old trees1 ! hi/oric memories & dignifi$ surr\nd+s help to %$ ov] ! s*ool "s ( t feel+ ( tradition & v5]ation = ! pa/1 :i* all girls' in/itutions mu/ ( !mselves lack = "s "t to come4 ,! s*ool resembles ,/4 ,leon>d's 9 its organisation1 ) "s slight diff]5ces4 ,!re are no day pupils &1 z ! ,abbey is itself capable ( accommodat+ a hundr$ girls1 x is divid$ = s*ool purposes into f\r divisions1 te*nically kn[n z #8h\ses4' ,ea* h\se is 9 ! special *>ge ( its tutor1 & has its own sitt+-room & dormitories1 & its table 9 ! d9+-room4 ,! h\se-col\r is c>ri$ out 9 ! cubicles2 cretonnes1 b$-spreads1 tiles1 etc4 be+ r$1 blue1 gre51 or yell[1 accord+ to ! special h\se 9 :i* ! dormitory is situat$4 ,all ?is prett9ess s]ves z an attractive backgr\nd = h>d "w & heal?y play4 ,x is pleasant to f9d ! mod]n s*ool cat]+ = all ! sides ( a girl's nature4 ,x v soon became necess>y to build1 & ) ! help ( ! new h\ses two hundr$ c n[ be accommodat$4 ,beyond ?is x is n propos$ to g2 b %\ld ! sy/em prove z popul> 9 ,engl& z 9 ,scotl&1 x is probable t ! ,education ,company might op5 m s*ools4 ,! conditions ( admission1 entrance exam9ation1 etc4 are ! same z at ,/4 ,&rews4 ,physical ex]cise plays an important "p1 & ab\t two h\rs e day are giv5 up to games or c\ntry walks1 :i* gr\ps ( girls are all[$ to take toge!r4 ,ea* t]m has its own special game2 lacrosse is ! fav\rite 9 ! autumn1 hockey 9 w9t]1 & cricket 9 summ]4 ,! heavy "w ( ! day is ?us brok5 up into two p>ts1 & ,wycombe1 unlike ! majority ( girls' s*ools1 does n rigidly divide ^! into morn+ classes1 aft]noon prep>ation4 ,lessons & /udy h\rs alt]nate dur+ ! day4 ,?is is an attempt to relieve ! /ra9 ( ! long morn+1 aga9/ :i* _m voices are aga9 be+ rais$4 ,physical & manual tra9+ come 9 = a %>e ( att5tion1 two h\rs a day 9 ! upp]1 & ?ree 9 ! l[] s*ool4 ,"u ^! head+s come draw+ & pa9t+1 "p-s++1 practis+1 danc+1 gymna/ics1 c>p5try1 g>d5+1 & ne$lework4 ,all ^! are taught by exp]t tea*]s1 & are treat$ z an integral "p ( ! g5]al education4 ,9 ! upp] =ms six h\rs a day are giv5 to actual /udy1 9 ! l[] only five4 ,z ?is includes prep>ation1 & ! day is s fully occupi$ t !re is n mu* *ance ( /eal+ odd half h\rs = "w1 x w be int]e/+ to see :e!r ?is %ort all[ance1 ) ! help ( c>eful arrangem5t & heal?ful surr\nd+s1 w prove suffici5t to prep>e girls adequately = college4 ,x is too soon to ask = results1 b if ?is plan succe$s1 a problem :i* engages mu* att5tion at pres5t w h be5 greatly help$ t[>ds solution4 ,ano!r s*ool t is do+ useful "w1 z :at our ,am]ican c\s9s w\ld call an #8exp]im5t /ation1' is ! "o at ,brighton n[ kn[n z ,ro$ean4 ,x 0 f\nd$ 9 #ahhe1 by ! ,misses ,lawr5ce1 ) ?ree di/9ct aims3 7#a7 to give a due importance to physical education & outdoor games 9 e girl's life2 7#b7 to regulate ! s*ool discipl9e 9 su* a way z to develop tru/wor?9ess & a s5se ( responsibility 9 ! pupils2 7#c7 to give girls a s\nd & c>eful intellectual tra9+4 ,! ord] 9 :i* ^! are /at$ indicates ! gr[+ importance atta*$ to physical tra9+ & public _s1 & expla9s ! l9es on :i* :at might be call$ ! re=m$ bo>d+-s*ool is proce$+4 ,?is ,brighton s*ool is j ab\t to take a fre% dep>ture4 ,x has rais$ money by %>es = a new build+ on a magnific5t site betwe5 ,brighton & ,rott+dean4 ,! new premises consi/ ( a conv5i5t s*ool-h\se & f\r sep>ate bo>d+-h\ses connect$ by cov]$ passages ) ! c5tral build+4 ,some?+ ( college me?ods is to be br\ght into s*ool by giv+ ea* girl a sep>ate b$room1 :ile ! eight s5iors 9 ea* h\se are to h a /udy z well4 ,"h !y may give _! ,saturday tea-p>ties1 ent]ta9 _! fri5ds1 & le>n to take ! responsibility ( _! own little doma94 ,! special *>act]i/ics ( ! s*ool are ! l>ge am\nt ( responsibility giv5 to ! girls & _! success 9 games1 ( :i* !y are n a little pr\d4 ,! curriculum resembles t ( a high s*ool1 ) m scope = individual tuition1 & mo/ ( ! tea*]s are graduates4 ,wimbl$on ,h\se ,s*ool1 z x 0 call$ be=e ! *ange 9 site necessitat$ a *ange 9 "n1 0 "o ( ! pione]s 9 br++ ab\t ! new] view ( girls' education4 ,^! views are be+ widely adopt$4 ,! increas$ fre$om1 ! m active life1 ! great /ress laid on ! corpus sanum z "o means ( develop+ ! m5s sana1 are all "p ( ! new ord] ( ?+s1 & a recognition t ! wid] life l$ by ! wom5 ( to-day ne$s its own special prep>ation4 ,a new s*ool ( a simil> k9d has be5 />t$ at ,aldeburgh1 & is be+ c>ri$ on 9 tempor>y premises at ,s\?wold on ! ,ea/ ,coa/4 ,x is propos$ to acquire a site "h or 9 "s o!r "p ( ,suffolk1 & raise money = build+ by means ( a company4 ,! plan is simil> to ! ,brighton "o3 a s*ool-h\se & bo>d+-h\ses "u ! *>ge ( tea*]s1 ) pl5ty ( fre$om & individual responsibility = ! girls4 ,! daily h\r & a half ( outdoor ex]cise1 ! adoption ( h& & eye tra9+ 9 ! regul> curriculum1 & ! m$ical inspection ( ! girls by a lady doctor1 are among ! m mod]n me?ods t di/+ui% x4 ,9 _! fundam5tal aims !re is a close resemblance betwe5 ^! s*ools4 ,!y repres5t a fre% break ) ! pa/4 ,! false ideal ( %[y accompli%m5t _h already giv5 way to ! wor?i] aim ( ?or\ghness & a m s]i\s m5tal developm5t4 ,) ! intellectual aims came a *ange too 9 ! moral4 ,! l>g] life ( ! day s*ool ( itself promot$ m fre$om & a great] s5se ( responsibility 9 ! girls1 b _! moral tra9+ 0 divid$ betwe5 ! s*ool & ! home1 & sometimes suff]$ f a lack ( co-op]ation betwe5 ! two4 ,z ,mrs4 ,sidgwick po9t$ out1 :5 lay+ ! f\ndation /one ( ! ,ro$ean build+s3--#8,bo>d+-s*ools h a wid] function1 a m responsible task ?an day-s*ools4 ,!y h to c>e = pupils 9 play-h\rs z well z "w-h\rs2 !y h1 f> m ?an day-s*ools1 to sup]9t5d _! developm5t 9 matt]s moral & physical z well z intellectual4' ,x is !re=e l>gely 9 bo>d+-s*ools t ! newe/ ideas c be work$ out4 ,! wor/ feature ( ! old bo>d+-s*ool 0 ! excessive sup]vision1 & ! deceit & sill9ess x eng5d]$4 ,pun*'s immortal direction1 #8,g & see :at ,baby's do+1 & tell h] n to1' might /& z ! rule ( conduct 9 _m a sem9>y = "y ladies4 ,! atmosph]e ( suspicion eng5d]$ ! v faults x 0 int5d$ to obviate4 ,! giggl+ bo>d+-s*ool miss 0 a type x 0 n desirable to p]petuate4 ,:at 0 want$ 0 some?+ t %\ld prep>e girls = life & its responsibilities1 z boys 7 prep>$ at public s*ools4 ,?is t]m #8a public s*ool' is curi\sly difficult to def9e1 ?\gh we all "k pretty well ! mean+ atta*$ to x 9 ,engl&4 ,x has p]haps be5 be/ describ$ z #8"o :]e ! gov]nm5t is adm9i/]$ 9 a great] or less degree by ! pupils !mselves4' ,! true #8public _s' c\ld only develop z ! s*ools became c5tres ( some?+ besides /udy4 ,) ! increase 9 _! sph]e ( action ! high s*ools h fo/]$ its gr[?2 to br+ x to its full p]fection mu/ be ! task ( ! mod]n bo>d+-s*ool4 ,ano!r1 & an ess5tially practical advantage ( bo>d+-s*ools1 is ! facilities !y (f] = diff]5tiation4 ,we are com+ to realise t all s*ools _c tea* all ?+s1 unless inde$ l ,*elt5ham1 !y are really a numb] ( diff]5t s*ools "u "o head4 ,:ile _m new subjects h be5 drawn )9 ! sph]e ( a girl's curriculum1 ! old /ill keep _! place4 ,! only escape f smatt] & ov]/ra9 lies 9 a wise selection1 & a girl's g5]al education may ga9 almo/ z mu* by ! exclusion ( "s subjects z by ! inclusion ( o!rs4 ,) ! con/ant increase ( sci5ce s*ools1 te*nical in/itutes1 special end[m5ts = sci5ce1 etc41 selection & diff]5tiation are rapidly increas+ 9 "o direction1 & x becomes ess5tial to provide else:]e aga9/ ! complete neglect ( ! lit]>y side4 ,?is ! bo>d+-s*ool may d )\t inflict+ any inju/ice1 s9ce x does n pr(ess to supply all ! local ne$s4 ,up to ! age ( f\rte5 !re c be no ?\ght ( specialis+2 by t "t mo/ p>5ts h "s g5]al idea ab\t _! daught]'s probable future & special incl9ations4 ,if x is a "q ( a def9ite c>e]1 ! *oice becomes easi]1 because conf9$ )9 n>r[] limits4 ,yet aft] all1 :5 we h review$ 9 our m9ds all ! c>e]s op5 to wom51 & ! great social *anges due to _! ent]+ ! li/s ) tra9$ in/ead ( unskill$ lab\r1 ! fact /ill rema9s t1 at any rate 9 ! upp] & upp]-middle classes1 ! majority ( wom5 d n e>n _! own liv+4 ,z ,hannah ,m rem9d$ u long ago1 _! pr(ession is to be t ( #8wives1 mo!rs1 & mi/resses ( h\seholds1' & to ?is we mu/ n[ add ! duties ( a philan?ropic & public "* t social position br+s ) x4 ,:at is commonly call$ #8a life ( leisure' may be an exce$+ly busy life1 & n[h]e d ! advantages ( m5tal tra9+1 habits ( accuracy1 & a discipl9$ w tell to m advantage ?an 9 promot+ ! happ9ess ( o!rs4 ,mo/ ( ^! girls mu/ receive any education1 beyond ! e>ly "p :i* a private gov]ness c und]take1 9 bo>d+-s*ools1 if only because ! leisur$ classes to :i* !y belong seldom live ne> en\gh to t[ns to make use ( day-s*ools4 ,to quote a v able & exp]i5c$ s*oolmi/ress3--#8,! dem& = private s*ools & = ! individual att5tion :i* girls require has be5 increas$ by ! habits ( mod]n life among ! upp] & upp]-middle classes4 ,f my own p]sonal k !re are _m p>5ts :o sp5d ne>ly ! :ole ye> away f home or 9 ent]ta9+ a 8h\se p>ty0 :5 !y are at home4 ,!re is really no place at home = ! poor girls :o h n 8come out40 ,:at ! p>5ts seek = !m is a s*ool t c supply ! place ( a home1 :]e !y c receive individual att5tion1 cultivation1 tra9+1 & be prep>$ = society4' ,%e might h add$ t1 ev5 :5 !re is a place at home = !m1 !y may ga9 consid]ably by sp5d+ "p ( two or ?ree ye>s away f x1 amid ! m /udi\s atmosph]e & ! num]\s int]e/s *>act]i/ic ( ^! mod]n bo>d+-s*ools4 ,! re=m 9 tea*+ unque/ionably began 9 ! public s*ools1 b ! be/ private s*ools h n be5 sl[ to br+ !mselves into l9e4 ,)9 ! la/ few ye>s sev]al h be5 ei!r f\nd$ or tak5 ov] by ladies :o h /udi$ at ,ox=d or ,cambridge1 or su* z h occupi$ po/s z heads or assi/ants 9 high s*ools1 & h be5 drawn into ! l9e ( progress1 :ile old] in/itutions h held _! own by ! introduction ( mod]n me?ods4 ,?us1 :ile ! old bo>d+-s*ool 0 specially condemn$ = its /uffy rooms1 inadequate dormitory accommodation1 insuffici5t food & crocodile =m ( ex]cise1 ! new "o1 ) a r l[] fee1 devotes special c>e to build+s1 b$rooms1 diet1 games1 & gymna/ics4 ,"h are a few quotations f prospectuses3--#8,!re is a l>ge playgr\nd at a %ort di/ance f ! s*ool1 9 :i* are five lawn-t5nis c\rts & space = cricket1 hockey1 croquet1 & o!r games4' ,?is s*ool has a c]tificat$ tra9$ nurse & a sanatorium specially fitt$ up = illness4 ,! ,pr9cipal 0 = _m ye>s assi/ant mi/ress at a l>ge high s*ool4 #8,!re are g>d5s ) t5nis-lawn1 a gymnasium1 a fives-c\rt1 an isolation w>d & a play+ field at a %ort di/ance f ! h\se4 ,arrangem5ts are made = rid+ & cycl+4' ,! ,pr9cipal is a di/+ui%$ graduate ( "o ( ! wom5's colleges4 #8,! build+s h be5 c]tifi$ by a sanit>y (fic]1 & are fitt$ ) e mod]n conv5i5ce4 ,arrangem5ts h be5 made = cricket1 t5nis1 & o!r heal?ful games1 :i* are greatly enc\rag$4' #8,! h\se /&s 9 its own gr\nds ( f\rte5 acres1 :i* include g>d51 %rubb]y1 t5nis-c\rts1 & recreation field4' ,^! are samples tak5 at r&om4 ,closely connect$ ) reg>d = heal?ful conditions is ! endeav\r to avoid ov]/ra91 & ?is has l$ to a n unnatural reaction aga9/ ! excessive burd5 ( outside exam9ation4 ,we f9d su* s5t5ces z #8p>ticul> c>e is tak5 to prev5t ov]-pressure4' #8,= ! y\ng] or weak] ( ! p>ty we provide extra half h\rs ( re/ or recreation 9 ! g>d54' #8,!re is no cramm+ = exam9ations1 & ! object set be=e ea* girl is to d h] daily "w z well z %e possibly c f an hon\rable s5se ( duty1' etc4 ,x is (t5 /at$ t pupils c be prep>$ = univ]sity or o!r exam9ations if desir$1 b al?\gh "s few private s*ools ( ?is type di/9ctly aim at ! c]tificate ( ! ,jo9t ,bo>d1 ! majority "w on m g5]al l9es1 :ile ensur+ a high /&>d ( effici5cy by submitt+ ! s*ool annually to inspection by univ]sity exam9]s4 ,! fees 9 s*ools ( ?is grade v>y f ab\t #ij to #ace p] annum1 ) s-call$ #8extras4' ,^! are r$uc$ 9 ! m mod]n in/itutions to su* subjects z piano1 viol91 & danc+1 :i* require individual in/ruction1 :ile ! m old-fa%ion$ include languages1 ev5 ,fr5*1 "u ?is head+4 ,b bo? t]ms & curricula 9 private s*ools are adapt$ to special cases1 & x is impossible to g5]alise on !m4 ,= girls1 z = boys1 ! /atem5t made by ! ,second>y ,commission is probably correct1 t #8! l>ge private s*ools1 usually ) bo>d]s1 are ! private s*ools :i* d mo/ = second>y education4 ,!y are (t5 conduct$ on l9es simil> to ^? ( public s*ools2 b !y are less b\nd by h]$ity1 & ! l>g] scope = exp]im5t :i* !y af=d has1 !re is reason to believe1 contribut$ to notewor?y improvem5ts ( me?ods4' ,probably ?is class ( s*ool is 9 great] dem& ?an ev] be=e2 b ?\gh !re are n a few :o c enjoy its b5efits1 x mu/ always be a luxury = ! ri*1 :ile !re has be5 no correspond+ improvem5t 9 ! *eap] type ( bo>d+-s*ool4 ,to provide bo>d1 lodg+1 & tuition1 at fees rang+ f #cj to #ej1 is a difficult problem1 & c h>dly be solv$ )\t ! infliction ( "s suff]+ or inju/ice4 ,yet ev5 ^! fees are beyond ! rea* ( _m ^: homes are f> away f t[ns4 ,!re is urg5t ne$ = "s s*eme ( bo>d+-h\ses 7n self-support+7 9 connection ) ! *eap] end[$ s*ools1 & ! application ( "s public money to ! e/abli%m5t ( a few l>ge bo>d+-s*ools 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,private ef=t _c meet ^! cases4 ,private day-s*ools involve a mu* small] risk1 & 9 ^! l>ge numb]s ( well-educat$ wom5 are n[ at "w4 ,9 a place too small to support a high s*ool1 s*ools ( ?is k9d (t5 supply all ne$s2 b1 oddly en\gh1 !y seem to fl\ri% be/ :]e !y exi/ side by side ) good public s*ools4 ,b$=d is an in/ance ( a t[n well suppli$ ) bo?4 ,sometimes ! head-mi/ress takes a few bo>d]s1 & is ?us enabl$ to provide bett] premises4 ,! fees range f ab\t #ab to #cj p] annum1 & ! curriculum is n unlike t ( a high s*ool1 ?\gh ! m exp5sive subjects1 su* z c]ta9 bran*es ( sci5ce1 are (t5 omitt$4 ,! ,junior & ,s5ior ,local ,exam9ations & ^? ( ! ,college ( ,preceptors are a good deal us$ by ^! s*ools1 & help to keep up a /&>d1 :]e a regul> ext]nal exam9ation is n practicable4 ,small1 *eap day-s*ools /ill ab\nd1 ?\gh happily 9 no?+ l ! old numb]s4 ,ev5 ^! h und]gone "s improvem5t1 ?\gh rum\r ma9ta9s t ,mangnall's ,que/ions & ,*ild's ,guide may /ill be f\nd "h1 if we only dig deep en\gh4 ,! l[e/ class ( private s*ool is att5d$ by *ildr5 :o ought to be 9 ! public elem5t>y s*ools4 ,! ext9ction ( ^!1 :i* is rapidly proce$+1 c only be hail$ ) g5]al satisfaction4 ,mu* has be5 said ( late ab\t ! necessity ( f9d+ a place 9 any g5]al sy/em ( education = private s*ools1 b surely _! prop] function is s cle>ly def9$ t !re is no fe> ( a day dawn+ :5 !y are no long] ne$$4 ,a fur!r increase 9 *eap public day-s*ools may less5 ! numb]s1 & x is h>dly to be expect$ t 9 t5 ye>s' "t ! pres5t conditions1 "u :i* #gj p] c5t4 ( our girls :o are receiv+ second>y education are 9 private s*ools1 %all /ill prevail4 ,! true function ( ! private s*ool is to (f] an educational luxury to ^? :o c pay = x1 & on ^! l9es1 )\t com+ into competition ) public s*ool "w1 x is likely to develop4 ,! m public s*ools are e/abli%$ 9 a di/rict1 ! great] becomes ! field = fir/-grade private s*ools4 ,?is is well illu/rat$ by ! case ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :]e ! univ]sal diffusion ( ! public s*ools seems to fav\r ! gr[? ( private ones4 ,!y c *>ge high fees1 because ! public s*ools are always available = ^? :o _c af=d ^!4 ,!y c try exp]im5ts & adopt new me?ods1 because !y are n subject to ! rigid direction & sup]vision to :i* public s*ools are liable4 ,a great deal ( ! prep>ation = college falls to !m1 & !y enjoy a v diff]5t reputation & position f ! ,prussian private s*ools1 :i* are oblig$ to adopt ! same #8code' z ! public4 ,*eap s*ools1 to be effici5t1 mu/ receive help ) _! f9ances2 su* help c h>dly be giv5 to private s*ools :ile !y reta9 ! fre$om :i* is "o s\rce ( _! /r5g?4 ,x is probable1 !re=e1 t !y w m & m become s*ools = ! well-to-d classes only4 ,!re mu/ be "s suff]+ involv$ 9 ! *anges :i* ! ne> future is likely to br+1 ev5 if local educational au?orities d all 9 _! p[] to m9imise ?is1 & ev5tually ! l[] class ( private s*ool w probably g to ! wall4 ,b n till ! ,anglo-,saxon nature has und]gone a complete trans=mation w !re cease to be a place 9 ,engl& = private ent]prise2 & private s*ools1 ev5 ?\gh !y may be deem$ a luxury1 w /ill rank among u z a necessity4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,te*nical ,,in/ruction ,,acts ,on ,june #bd1 #ahij1 a curi\s sc5e took place 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons4 ,! ,cu/oms & ,excise ,bill _h be5 dragg+ its we>y way 9 committee1 & mak+ v small progress4 ,! "q "u debate 0 ! disposal ( a residue ( #cej1jjj1 available f ! new duty on be] & spirits4 ,?is ,mr4 ,gos*5 propos$ to apply to comp5sat+ publicans ^: lic5ses %\ld be refus$1 b ! ,gov]nm5t did n c>e to press ! po9t 9 face ( opposition 9 ! c\ntry & small majorities 9 ! ,h\se4 ,mr4 ,gos*5 !re=e propos$ to %elve ! matt] till ! next session1 m]ely #8e>-m>k+' ! money = ! purpose indicat$4 ,!reupon ,mr4 ,healy got up on a legal po9t1 & rem9d$ ! ,h\se t ! ,budget ,bill1 :i* _h already become law1 expressly /at$ t ! duties 9 "q 7 to be dealt ) 9 a p>ticul> way1 & t ! proce$s 7 to be appropriat$ #8z ,p>liam5t may h]eaft] direct by any ,act pass$ 9 ! pres5t session4' ,"u ^! circum/ances1 he ask$1 _h !y p[] to po/pone t appropriation8 ,! ,speak] ?\ght !y _h n1 & 8 rul+ prevail$4 ,! result 0 ! acceptance1 on ,augu/ #a1 ( ,mr4 ,acl&'s proposal to apply ! money 9 ,engl& #8= ! purposes ( agricultural1 comm]cial1 & te*nical in/ruction1 z def9$ 9 ,clause #h ( ! ,te*nical ,in/ruction ,act1 #ahhi1' & 9 ,wales ei!r = te*nical in/ruction or = purposes def9$ by ! ,wel% ,int]m$iate ,education ,act4 ,?is sudd5 turn ( affairs took ! c\ntry by surprise4 ,! c\nty c\ncils1 to :om ?is money 0 assign$1 7 n[ expect$ to devote to educational purposes ! money & en]gy :i* 7 to h gone to ! ext9ction ( lic5ses4 ,f ^! ev5ts date ! educational functions ( ! c\nty c\ncils4 ,x 0 ?is #8:isky-money' :i* gave ! impetus to te*nical education1 a t]m :i* _h be5 def9$ by ! ,act ( #ahhi4 ,prolong$ agitation ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 due to ! fe> ( =eign competition & ! rum\rs ( sup]ior education giv5 to ! me*anics ( o!r c\ntries1 _h l$ to ! appo9tm5t 9 #ahhd ( a ,commission to consid] ! "q1 & to _! report ! ,te*nical ,in/ruction ,act ( #ahhi1 & ! am5d+ ,act ( #ahia1 7 due4 ,among ! recomm5dations ( ! ,commission]s 7 ! foll[+3-- #a4 ,t /eps be tak5 to accel]ate ! application ( anci5t end[m5ts1 "u am5d$ s*emes1 to second>y & te*nical in/ruction4 #b4 ,provision by ! ,*>ity ,commission]s = e/abli%+ 9 suitable localities1 s*ools or dep>tm5ts ( s*ools1 9 :i* ! /udy ( natural sci5ce1 draw+1 ma!matics1 & mod]n languages1 %\ld take ! place ( ,lat9 & ,greek4 #c4 ,giv+ p[] to local au?orities to e/abli%1 ma9ta91 or contribute to ! e/abli%m5t ( second>y & te*nical s*ools & colleges4 ,foll[+ ^! l9es1 ! ,act def9$ te*nical in/ruction z #8in/ruction 9 ! pr9ciples ( ,sci5ce & ,art1 applicable to indu/ries1 & 9 ! application ( special bran*es ( ,sci5ce & ,art to specific indu/ries or employm5ts4' ,x 0 n to include tea*+ ! practice ( any trade or indu/ry1 b x might include any bran* ( in/ruction 7includ+ mod]n languages1 & comm]cial & agricultural subjects71 :i* 7 at any "t sanction$ by ! ,sci5ce & ,art dep>tm5t ( ,s\? ,k5s+ton4 ,! means ( do+ all ?is 0 a p5ny rate :i* local au?orities 7 p]mitt$ to raise4 ,unaid$ ?is c\ld n h done mu*1 & v few places took advantage ( ?is p[]1 until ! ,local ,taxation ,act ( ! foll[+ ye> *ang$ ! :ole aspect ( affairs4 ,! movem5t 9 fav\r ( te*nical education 0 "o t _h be5 sl[ly ga!r+ =ce4 ,at fir/1 z s (t5 happ5s1 ! blame = ! unsatisfactory /ate ( ?+s 0 laid at ! door ( ! elem5t>y s*ool4 ,x 0 po9t$ out t ! education giv5 !re 0 n suffici5tly practical2 draw+ 0 little taught1 & t little badly1 :ile sci5ce f>$ ev5 worse4 ,modell+ 0 almo/ unkn[n1 manual in/ruction _h sc>cely be5 he>d (1 #8! p5 0 ! only indu/rial weapon t boys int5d$ = h&icraftsm5 7 taught to use1' &1 except ne$lework1 dome/ic subjects = girls 7 t]ribly neglect$4 ,?is 0 true en\gh1 b x 0 absurd to suppose t a rem$y c\ld be f\nd 9 ! s*ool+ giv5 to *ildr5 "u twelve4 ,su* b5efit z might be d]iv$ f a *ange 9 _! curriculum 0 q inadequate = ! end 9 view4 ,! real ne$ 0 = a long] s*ool life1 ) te*nical tra9+ bas$ on a prop] f\ndation ( g5]al k4 ,h5ce ! ,national ,association = ! ,promotion ( ,te*nical ,education adopt$ into its programme3 #8! developm5t1 organisation1 & ma9t5ance ( a sy/em ( second>y education ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 ) a view to plac+ ! high] te*nical & comm]cial education 9 our s*ools & colleges on a bett] foot+4' ,x 0 d\btless = a simil> reason t ! ,act exclud$ f its b5efits s*ol>s receiv+ in/ruction 9 elem5t>y s*ools4 ,! money ?us provid$ almo/ by accid5t1 became a new & valuable s\rce = end[+ second>y education2 & on all h&s claims ( ! mo/ v>i$ k9d 7 made on x4 ,adm9i/]$ by bodies ( non-exp]ts1 :o _h to le>n _! bus9ess by do+ x1 mu* ( x 0 misappli$2 mi/akes1 (t5 ( a ludicr\s "*1 7 made1 & !re 0 "s excuse = ^? produc]s & consum]s ( spirits :o ?\ght ! money w\ld h be5 bett] appli$ 9 reliev+ ! tax4 ,b 9 spite ( repeat$ appeals by specially int]e/$ p]sons1 ,p>liam5t kept firm 9 ! matt]2 ! money mu/ be giv5 to ,c\nty ,c\ncils1 & !y mu/ le>n to use x4 ,h[ well _m ( !m h le>nt c be/ be realis$ by a s]ies ( visits to ! polyte*nics ( ,london & ! l>ge prov9cial t[ns1 to ! laboratories con/ruct$ 9 public s*ools1 to ! ambulatory dairy classes 9 village s*oolrooms1 to ! beautifully equipp$ laundries1 kit*5s1 & dressmak+ s*ools all ov] ! c\ntry4 ,long be=e ^! ,te*nical ,in/ruction ,acts 7 pass$1 isolat$ action _h be5 tak54 ,! ,reg5t ,/reet ,polyte*nic1 long kn[n z ! ,polyte*nic1 0 already 9 full "w4 ,x orig9at$ 9 a ,"y ,m5's ,in/itute1 privately f\nd$ by ,mr4 ,qu5t9 ,hogg1 ) ! l>ge aim ( provid+ a place :]e a "y man c\ld develop all ! sides ( 8 nature1 & #8f9d a reasonable outlet = any heal?y desire1 physical1 spiritual1 social1 or intellectual1 :i* he possesses4' ,= "s ye>s ! ,in/itute fl\ri%$ 9 ,long ,acre1 & x happ5$ t1 j :5 increas$ accommodation became necess>y1 ! old ,polyte*nic1 long ! home ( ,pepp]'s ,gho/1 ! div+-bell1 & o!r joys & t]rors ( our "y days1 came into ! m>ket4 ,x 0 at once secur$1 & ! result 0 an unprec$5t$ ru% = memb]%ip4 ,mr4 ,hogg1 :o 0 ! life & s\l ( ! ,in/itute1 made a po9t ( himself see+ e boy on jo9+1 & on ! fir/ night 9 ,reg5t ,/reet1 he began to int]view new memb]s at five o'clock4 ,!re he 0 kept at 8 desk1 unable ev5 to get a cup ( tea1 till a qu>t] to "o 9 ! morn+1 & by t "t a ?\s& new memb]s _h be5 enroll$4 ,) su* enc\ragem5t1 x 0 possible to try fre% exp]im5ts1 & = ! fir/ "t trade-classes & work%op practice 7 add$ to ! programme4 ,! ,polyte*nic ?us became a pione] 9 te*nical "w4 ,! ,london ,trades ,c\ncil 9 #ahhc recomm5d$ its sy/em ( trade tea*+ to ! ,london trades2 memb]s ( ! ,te*nical ,in/ruction ,commission gave x _! w>m comm5dation4 ,meantime o!r in/itutes 7 gr[+ up4 ,if ,mr4 ,hogg claim$ t ! ,polyte*nic began its lab\rs :5 he took two cross+-sweep]s into ! ,adelphi ar*es1 & made !m ! nucleus ( a ragg$ s*ool1 ! ,p's ,palace _h an ev5 m romantic orig94 ,x 0 inspir$ by ! picture1 9 ,all ,sorts & ,conditions ( ,m51 ( ! ,palace ( ,delight1 ( #8! club ( ! work+-p1' :]e #8we %all all toge!r cont9ually be ?9k+ h[ to br+ m sun%9e into our lives1 m *ange1 m v>iety1 m happ9ess4' ,"h1 ev5 m ?an at ,reg5t ,/reet1 ! recreative side 0 to ! =e1 & ! ma9 feature 0 ! ,que5's ,hall1 9 :i* public ent]ta9m5ts 7 organis$4 ,x _h a *equ]$ c>e]1 & f9ally 0 sav$ to ! ,ea/ ,end by ! lib]ality ( ! ,drap]s' ,company4 ,s9ce !n ! educational side has be5 m fully develop$1 b ap>t f ! recreative1 :i* is absolutely indep5d5t ( ! ,ea/ ,london ,te*nical ,college4 ,?is is an unusual condition1 s9ce1 z a rule1 ! ,polyte*nics1 m9dful ( _! d\ble orig91 aim at be+ c5tres ( bo? "w & play4 ,!y h a t5d5cy to fall into two classes3 ^? t began z social clubs1 & add$ ! classes to _! programme1 & ^? t began ) classes1 & !n enc\rag$ ! /ud5ts to =m clubs = lit]>y1 a?letic & recreative purposes4 ,! great] /ress laid on ! educational side by ! m rec5t in/itutions 0 due to two causes4 ,9 #ahhc ! ,london ,p>o*ial ,*>ities ,act gave ! ,*>ity ,commission]s p[]s to deal ) c]ta9 sums1 :i* _h be5 left by b5efactors long deceas$1 = purposes :i* _h actually ceas$ to exi/4 ,x 0 lucky t ?is sum ( money1 :i* may be capitalis$ at ov] ?ree millions1 became available = public purposes at ! v "t :5 all ?is /ir ab\t te*nical education 0 tak+ place4 ,! ,reg5t ,/reet ,in/itute 0 *os5 z a model4 ,london 0 mapp$ out into twelve di/ricts1 & a ,polyte*nic 0 to be suppli$ = ea*1 on condition ( local aid supplem5t+ c]ta9 sums :i* 7 (f]$ conditionally4 ,x 0 n long be=e ?is proposal br\ght munific5t private donors into ! field4 ,! ,m>quis ( ,nor?ampton & ,"l ,compton gave a site ( ! value ( #cj1jjj1 ,e>l ,cadogan gave gr\nd ( ! value ( #aj1jjj2 o!rs gave less1 accord+ to _! means4 ,elev5 ( ^! ,polyte*nics are already 9 exi/5ce2 ,padd+ton alone is wait+ = ! private b5efactors :o %all e/abli% ! claim to public help4 ,! second impetus came f ! ,te*nical ,education ,bo>d ( ! ,london ,c\nty ,c\ncil4 ,! metropolis _h be5 sl[ 9 foll[+ ! lead ( o!r c\nties1 & x 0 n till #ahib t x resolv$ to apply its %>e ( ! :isky money to purposes ( te*nical education4 ,b :5 x did move x did s 9 good e>ne/4 ,! ,c\ncil conf]r$ full executive p[] on a ,bo>d consi/+ ( tw5ty ( its own memb]s1 ?irte5 repres5tatives ( o!r bodies & two exp]ts1 "o be+ a woman1 co-opt$ by ! ,c\ncil itself4 ,! bodies ?us repres5t$ are3 ! ,london ,s*ool ,bo>d1 ! ,city & ,guilds ( ,london ,in/itute1 ! ,london ,p>o*ial ,*>ities ,f\ndation1 ! ,headma/]s' ,association1 ! ,national ,union ( ,tea*]s1 & ! ,london ,trades ,c\ncil4 ,mr4 ,sidney ,webb 0 elect$ *airman1 ,dr4 ,w4 ,g>nett 0 appo9t$ secret>y & organis]1 & ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! dome/ic economy "w 0 giv5 to ,miss ,ella ,pycr(t4 ,! ,bo>d has be5 mo/ successful 9 its "w1 & a v complete s*eme ( te*nical in/ruction 9 ,london is be+ gradually evolv$4 ,s9ce ! ,bo>d's "w is educational x is natural t ?is side has be5 specially emphasis$ 9 ^? ,polyte*nics :i* h be5 f\nd$ s9ce its e/abli%m5t1 i4e4 ^? at ,batt]sea1 ,*elsea1 ,nor? ,london & ! ,city4 ,! help giv5 by ! ,bo>d to ,polyte*nics may be ?us /at$3 #a4 ,equipm5t grants made f "t to "t = specific purposes4 #b4 ,a fix$ contribution ( #ajjj a ye>4 #c4 ,?ree-qu>t]s--n exce$+ #ejj a ye>--( ! pr9cipal's sal>y4 #d4 #aj p] c5t4 on ! fix$ sal>ies ( ! tea*]s4 #e4 #a;d4 = ea* h\r's att5dance ( ea* /ud5t4 #f4 #ae p] c5t4 on all volunt>y subscriptions & donations f private s\rces4 ,provid$ t ! total paym5t to any ,polyte*nic "u #b1 #c1 #d1 & #e does n exce$ #cjjj1 & "u #f does n exce$ #bjjj4 ,! ,polyte*nics are really subsidis$ f five diff]5t s\rces3 private g5]osity1 city companies1 anci5t & hi!rto misappli$ *>ities1 "p ( ! proce$s ( ! #8be] & _s tax1' grants f ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,dep>tm5t4 ,dre>y z are su* enum]ations ( names & figures1 !re is a special int]e/ atta*+ to ?is p>ticul> set4 ,! aggriev$ ratepay] is apt at times to po9t to ^! spl5did build+s z an example ( ! way 9 :i* 8 h>d won money is be+ squ&]$1 q reg>dless ( ! fact t ^? pap]s he abhors h nev] conta9$ any appeal = money = ?is purpose4 ,london has nev] levi$ a te*nical education rate1 ?anks to ^! o!r s\rces ( income :i* h giv5 h] citiz5s s mu* )\t any sacrifice on _! "p4 ,! be] & _s money has act$ ! "p ( a fairy godmo!r to ,london m5 & wom54 ,x 0 made cle> f ! outset t bo? sexes 7 alike to b5efit1 & ?us ! ,polyte*nics h become :at our ,am]ican c\s9s call #8co-educational4' ,b ! ne$s ( m5 & wom5 are n always ! same1 & ! special wants ( wom5 7 consid]$ 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( a dome/ic economy side1 ?\gh !y are n limit$ to ?is4 ,practically ! :ole field ( education beyond ! elem5t>y is op5 to c\nty c\ncil action1 provid$ no aid is giv5 to in/itutions ) a def9ite religi\s bias or conduct$ = private pr(it4 ,! only subjects di/9ctly exclud$ by ! ,acts are classics & lit]ature4 ,! money is !re=e available = purposes (--7#a7 def9ite ,trade in/ruction2 7#b7 day & ev5+ classes 9 ,sci5ce1 bo? !oretical & appli$1 & ,dome/ic ,economy2 7#c7 second>y education ( a mod]n "*4 ,"u ^! two la/ head+s great ?+s h be5 done = girls & wom54 ,9 spite ( ! rec5t introduction into ! elem5t>y s*ool code ( su* subjects z cook+ & laundry1 x is becom+ m & m cle> t ! brief "t allott$ to ! ,/&>ds is n too mu* = a gr\nd+ 9 g5]al subjects1 & t aft] ?is %\ld come ! prep>ation ( a girl to be useful at home or to e>n h] liv+ by dome/ic "w4 ,! elem5t>y s*ool girl is too "y1 ! high s*ool girl too busy1 to ga9 mu* f ! w$g+ ( a little dome/ic tea*+ into ! mass ( ! ord9>y s*ool "w4 ,nor is a cook]y or a laundry lesson once a week ( mu* use 9 giv+ ! necess>y skill & practice4 ,dome/ic "w wants cont9u\s & consecutive practice1 = ! acquisition ( t #8t\*' & #8knack' on :i* s mu* dep5ds2 & ! dome/ic economy s*ools come 9 "h to supply :at is really want$4 ,?is type ( s*ool did n orig9ate 9 ,london1 ?\gh x has tak5 v firm root !re4 ,"s v int]e/+ exp]im5ts _h be5 made 9 o!r p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 notably ,york%ire1 be=e ,batt]sea1 ! ,bor\gh1 & ,reg5t ,/reet ,polyte*nics 9 #ahid op5$ _! dome/ic economy s*ools1 ) fifty-f\r s*ol>s nom9at$ by ! ,te*nical ,education ,bo>d1 & ! addition ( a few pay+ pupils4 ,?is example 0 soon foll[$ by ! o!r ,polyte*nics1 & ! ,bo>d n[ elects #chf s*ol>s annually1 :o are di/ribut$ among n9e s*ools4 ,! c\rse la/s five mon?s1 & dur+ ?is "t ! s*ol>s receive free tuition1 two free meals daily1 & ! mat]ial requir$ = mak+ dresses or o!r g>m5ts4 ,!y att5d f #i4cj to #ab4cj & #b to #d4cj e day except ,saturday4 ,dur+ t "t !y get a cont9u\s & ?or\gh tra9+ 9 cook]y1 ne$lework1 dress cutt+ & mak+1 laundry "w & h\sewif]y1 ) "s gymna/ics & s++4 ,9 addition to ^! s*ol>%ips second c\rses ( five mon?s' in/ruction1 ) ! opportunity ( specialis+ 9 "o p>ticul> bran*1 are n[ aw>d$ to eighty-f\r s*ol>s ea* half-ye>4 ,! fir/ c\rse is n meant to tra9 a cook or a dressmak]1 b any girl :o wi%es to qualify h]self = su* a po/ gets a capital *ance ( te/+ h] own abilities & incl9ation1 & !re are fur!r opportunities ( tra9+ op5 to h]1 if %e desires !m1 9 ! second c\rse or at ! ,national ,tra9+ ,s*ool ( ,cook]y4 ,la/ ye> f\r girls 7 appr5tic$ 9 good dressmak+ firms on leav+ ! s*ool4 ,mrs4 ,pill[1 lately employ$ by ! ,education ,dep>tm5t to prep>e a special report on ! tea*+ ( ,dome/ic ,economy1 gives an acc\nt ( ! "w ( ^! s*ools4 ,%e says3 #8,h\sekeep+ & cook]y are treat$ z "p ( ! ev]yday life ( ! girls1 & n m]ely z s*ool lessons4 ,! girls cook ! meals :i* !y are to eat2 !y le>n to measure & fit !mselves = ! dresses :i* !y are taught to make1 & !y are in/ruct$ 9 laundry "w 9 su* a way t !y c q well apply _! k to ! 8family wa%0 9 _! own homes4 ,! cook]y syllabus conta9s di%es :i* are well )9 ! rea* ( ! work+ man e>n+ an av]age wage2 ! us+ up ( odds & ends1 bones1 cru/s1 & cold vegetables1 scraps ( meat1 etc4 receives att5tion1 & ! ut5sils & /oves provid$ = ! girls are simil>#ag to ^? f\nd 9 ! majority ( artisans' homes4 #8,! laundry "w is taught on simple & common-s5se pr9ciples1 ! only extra aid to spe$ & effici5cy be+ a wr+] & mangle1 &1 z ^! are n[ s frequ5tly f\nd 9 ! homes ( ! m ?rifty h\sewives1 x is well t ! girls %\ld be taught to use !m prop]ly4 ,! processes ( /eep+1 wa%+1 boil+1 r9s+1 blue+1 wr++1 dry+1 fold+1 mangl+ are all ?or\ghly taught4 ,! wa%+ ( flannels & wooll5s1 a "p ( laundry "w :i* is frequ5tly v badly done by laundry wom51 receives special att5tion1 & />*+ & iron+ are exce$+ly well done by ! girls at ! conclusion ( _! c\rse ( tra9+4 #8,! girls are taught ! m>ket value ( foods4 ,9 "s ( ! s*ools special arrangem5ts are made = ?is4 ,at ,batt]sea !y are tak5 out to pur*ase meat1 gre5groc]y1 etc4 ,:5 ! girls _c be tak5 out to m>ket1 !y are sometimes all[$ to pur*ase f ! tea*] 9 *>ge ( ! /ores4 ,!y are taught to comp>e prices1 to judge ( ! fre%ness & quality ( commodities1 to exp5d a giv5 sum to ! be/ advantage 9 ! *eape/ m>ket1 & h[ to prep>e & cook _! meals 9 ! %orte/ "t possible4' ,! fee = ! complete c\rse is #a1 #ajs41 or #gs4 #f;d4 p] mon?1 & ?is includes ! co/ ( all books & mat]ials4 ,! great] "p ( ! pupils come f ! elem5t>y s*ools1 b surely !y are n ! only girls :o ne$ su* tea*+4 ,_m pupils leave ! high s*ools at f\rte5 or fifte5 to live at home 9 some:at /rait5$ circum/ances4 ,to !m su* a tra9+ z ?is w\ld inde$ be a boon4 ,x w\ld ev5 be wor? ! sacrifice ( ! la/ six mon?s at s*ool1 s9ce !y mu/ 9 any case leave )\t gett+ ! be/ x c af=d1 ! tea*+ 9 ! fif? & six? =ms4 ,girls att5d+ second grade s*ools1 :o naturally leave e>ly1 w\ld f9d ^! dome/ic economy c\rses an admirable means ( transition betwe5 s*ool & home life2 :ile ^?1 ^: b5t lies 9 ?is direction1 c g on to ! tra9+ s*ools1 & ei!r become tea*]s ( ^! subjects1 or e>n a liv+ by _! practical application4 ,9 fact1 ! dome/ic economy s*ool is fa/ help+ to raise ! home arts into _! prop] educational place1 z af=d+ "o among _m suitable c>e]s = wom51 no long] ! ,c9d]ella among occupations1 :o sits among ! a%es1 because ! pr9ce has n yet come to claim h]4 ,! neglect ( ! middle class to use ^! s*ools is ano!r in/ance ( _! prov]bial apa?y2 meantime1 ^! good ?+s are ready = !m z soon z !y w take ! tr\ble to grasp !m4 ,( c\rse !re is no reason :y su* tea*+ %\ld be giv5 free1 except to a m9ority4 ,ev5 m widespread ?an ^! day-s*ools are ! ev5+ classes 9 ! same subjects4 ,^! are f\nd ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 9 t[ns at te*nical in/itutes1 9 villages 9 little classes taught by p]ipatetic tea*]s1 :o are s5t f place to place by ! c\nty c\ncils4 ,9 fact1 #8c\nty c\ncil dressmak+' has become su* a feature1 t x might be tak5 = a special sy/em ( cutt+ & fitt+4 ,! p]sons = ^: b5efit ?is in/ruction is giv5 are "y wom5 :o h left s*ool1 wives1 & mo!rs ( families4 ,if exp]i5ce has taught !m _! own defici5cies1 !y h n[ ! opportunity ( mak+ up lo/ gr\nd4 ,cook]y1 dressmak+1 & nurs+ (t5 attract l>ge numb]s4 ,! tea*+ has no pr(essional purpose4 ,x is simply #8= home use1' z ! ,g]mans say1 & has its place 9 a wide s*eme ( g5]al education1 :i* includes tra9+ ! h& z well z ! m9d4 ,?is village "w mu/1 to "s ext5t1 be desultory1 :ile1 9 ! l>ge t[n in/itutes1 x c be made m sy/ematic4 ,its value is consid]ably affect$ by ! con/ruction ( ! bo>d :i* controls x4 ,a c\ncil :i* places exp]ts on its te*nical education committee g5]ally does bett] ?an "o t simply adds education to its o!r manifold functions4 ,wom5 are able to sit on ^! committees1 & x is ( great importance1 = ! m fem99e side ( ! "w1 t !y %\ld be appo9t$ 9 l>g] numb]s ?an has hi!rto be5 ! case4 ,! female elem5t is repres5t$ at "s ( ! in/itutes by ! appo9tm5t ( a lady-sup]9t5d5t ( ! wom5's dep>tm5t4 ,?is is ! case 9 ! ,london ,polyte*nics1 :]e ! wom5's "w is v fully equipp$4 ,at ,batt]sea1 :i* may be tak5 z typical1 ! subjects taught 9 ?is dep>tm5t are3 cook]y1 ne$lework1 dress cutt+ & mak+1 mill9]y1 fancy ne$lework & embroid]y1 laundry "w4 ,9 mo/ ( ^! subjects pupils c be prep>$ = ! exam9ations ( ! ,city & ,guilds ( ,london ,in/itute4 ,! fees are l[1 & ! c\rses c>efully graduat$4 ,!re is an int]e/+ class 9 #8homekeep+1' int5d$ = /ud5ts ^: occupation prev5ts !m f gett+ ! necess>y k ( h\sekeep+ dur+ ! day4 ,?is includes su* items z spr+ clean+1 ord9>y h\sehold duties & daily r\t9e1 & is probably ( special use to t l>ge class ( h\sekeep]s :o1 hav+ le>nt _! own defici5cies f bitt] exp]i5ce1 c value ?is opportunity ( rem$y+ !m4 ,ano!r useful c\rse is elem5t>y political economy1 :i* includes value & di/ribution ( weal?1 r5t1 wages1 & o!r simil> problems4 ,?is in/ruction1 to :i* bo? mi/ress & maid might li/5 ) pr(it1 c be _h by ,polyte*nic memb]s = #as41 & = #as4 #f;d4 by outsid]s4 ,memb]s may also jo9 a read+ circle & a fir/-aid class2 !y c use ! beautiful gymnasium1 & refre% _! cramp$ limbs ) musical drill4 ,all ?is1 ) ! social advantages :i* are manifold1 is )9 rea* ( ^? girls & wom5 :o are lucky en\gh to live 9 ! neighb\rhood ( a ,polyte*nic1 & h "s free ev5+s to sp5d !re4 ,in/itutes ( ?is k9d are fa/ be+ br\ght )9 rea* ( all dwell]s 9 t[ns4 ,! municipal s*ools ( ,man*e/] & ,brighton ne$ h>dly %r9k f comp>ison ) ^? ( ! metropolis4 ,9 fact1 :5 we look at ! sumptu\s equipm5t ( su* s*ools1 we are tempt$ to exclaim t ,c9d]ella has inde$ left ! a%es1 & asc5d$ into h] palace4 ,b ^! glories are n h]s by sole "r4 ,! m5's dep>tm5t 7( me*anics1 eng9e]+1 etc47 is f> l>g] ?an ! wom5's1 & besides ^! two1 :]e ! sexes are ( necessity kept ap>t1 !re are num]\s classes :]e !y meet on common gr\nd4 ,at ,batt]sea ! art dep>tm5t is op5 ?ree days & five ev5+s a week1 & ! g5]al s*eme includes a ?or\ghly practical k ( design+1 draw+1 pa9t+1 & modell+1 especially 9 its v>i\s applications to trades & indu/ries1 z well z life classes1 & ! common] features ( su* s*ools4 ,9 ! comm]cial s*ool1 ari?metic1 book-keep+1 typewrit+ & %or?& are taught1 z well z ,fr5*4 ,!re are classes 9 pure & appli$ ma!matics1 & e bran* ( sci5ce is taught ) su* advantages 9 ! way ( laboratories & appliances1 z no private or self-support+ in/itution c\ld attempt to supply4 ,mo/ ,polyte*nics are c5tres = ,univ]sity ,ext5sion1 "s h f9e gymnasia1 "s h swimm+-ba?s2 ne>ly all h a long li/ ( social1 a?letic1 & recreative clubs4 ,9 fact1 a well-equipp$ ,polyte*nic is a k9d ( popul> ,univ]sity1 :i* provides = all ! ne$s ( its memb]s1 ?\gh ) "s neglect ( ! lit]>y side4 ,?is1 too1 might be suppli$ by ! omission or ins]tion ( a few words 9 an ,act ( ,p>liam5t4 ,! ,polyte*nics & ,te*nical ,in/itutes w\ld ?us at once be trans=m$ into ! mo/ completely equipp$ & end[$ s*eme ( second>y & high] education 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,) su* res\rces at _! disposal1 x is natural t ,te*nical ,in/ruction bo>ds & ,polyte*nic gov]nors %\ld h gone a /ep fur!r1 & tri$ to utilise _! spaci\s premises & admirable tea*+ /aff = ! ord9>y purposes ( a day-s*ool4 ,exp]im5ts on ^! l9es are be+ tri$ 9 sev]al places4 ,x is ?\ght t by e/abli%+ su* s*ools1 ! polyte*nic bo? gives & receives2 if x helps ! s*ools by all[+ !m to use its premises & /aff1 x is help$ 9 turn by ! tra9+ giv5 to a numb] ( boys & girls1 :o w "s day be prop]ly equipp$ to pr(it by ! m advanc$ in/ruction 9 ! ev5+4 ,! s*ool is l>gely a fe$] = ! polyte*nic1 & w help 9 "t to raise ! /&>d ( its "w4 ,z su* x %\ld be judg$ r ?an z an indep5d5t exp]im5t 9 second>y education4 ,a jo9t s*ool = boys & girls ne$ excite no surprise 9 an in/itution t />t$ at once z #8co-educational4' ,b un=tunately1 9 s*emes ( ?is k9d !re is always a t5d5cy to let ! girls come (f second-be/4 ,?is c]ta9ly applies to ! arrangem5t ( an #8,organis$ ,sci5ce ,s*ool1' :i* is ! s*eme usually adopt$1 bo? on acc\nt ( its bias 9 fav\r ( ! sci5tific side & ! p[] x conf]s to e>n grants f ,s\? ,k5s+ton4 ,probably ! admission ( girls 0 to "s ext5t an aft]?\ght4 ,! ,batt]sea s*ool _h be5 op5 ov] a ye> be=e girls 7 admitt$ z an exp]im5t4 ,! pres5t numb]s are ab\t "o hundr$ & ?irty1 ( :om two-?irds are boys4 ,! av]age age ( ! junior division is f\rte51 & ( ! s5ior fifte54 ,! fees are #a a t]m1 includ+ books & /ation]y4 ,! s*ool h\rs are #i4cj to #ab4cj1 & #b to #d4cj1 five days 9 ! week4 ,! "w ( ! ?ree divisions is arrang$ ?us3 #a4 ,me*anical ,division4 ,ma!matics1 five h\rs2 ,me*anics1 ?ree & a half h\rs2 ,physics1 ?ree & a half h\rs2 ,draw+1 f\r h\rs2 ,engli% subjects1 f\r h\rs2 ,fr5*1 two h\rs2 ,manual tra9+1 f\r & a half h\rs2 ,drill1 "o h\r4 #b4 ,sci5ce ,division4 ,ma!matics1 five h\rs2 ,me*anics1 two & a half h\rs2 ,physics1 ?ree & a half h\rs2 ,*emi/ry1 f\r & a half h\rs2 ,draw+1 ?ree h\rs2 ,engli% subjects1 f\r h\rs2 ,fr5*1 two h\rs2 ,manual tra9+1 two h\rs2 ,drill1 "o h\r4 #c4 ,elem5t>y ,division4 ,ma!matics1 five h\rs2 ,physics1 ?ree h\rs2 ,*emi/ry1 two & a half h\rs2 ,draw+1 ?ree h\rs2 ,engli% subjects1 five h\rs2 ,fr5*1 ?ree h\rs2 ,art1 two h\rs2 ,manual tra9+ or ,dome/ic ,economy1 ?ree h\rs2 ,drill1 "o h\r4 ,its aim is describ$ z ! imp>t+ ( #8a ?or\ghly s\nd second>y education1 ) special provision = ! /udy ( pure & appli$ sci5ce1 manual tra9+1 work%op practice & dome/ic economy4' ,?is s*ool is int]e/+ ap>t f its curriculum1 ow+ to ! ef=ts made by ,mr4 ,s4 ,h4 ,wells1 ,pr9cipal ( ! ,polyte*nic1 :o acts z headma/]1 to make x #8second>y' 9 ! full s5se1 & introduce "s ( ! esprit de corps & out-(-s*ool life :i* are su* m>k$ features 9 boys' #8public' & girls' high s*ools4 ,! s*ool is divid$ into =ms ) a =m-ma/]2 #8ea* =m meets 9 its =m-room = call-ov] be=e s*ool op5s = ! day1 aft] :i* !y assemble = pray]s1 :i* are read by ! ,pr9cipal4 ,^! are conf9$ to a few v]ses ( ,scripture & ! ,"l's ,pray]2 & exemption f att5dance is grant$ :5 reque/$ by ! p>5t1 al?\gh only two su* reque/s h be5 made4 ,9 matt]s ( discipl9e ! /ud5ts h be5 taught to realise t hav+ ceas$ to be *ildr5 !y %\ld h giv5 up *ildi% ?+s2 !y are pres5t to "w n to play1 & _! duty to _! p>5ts & !mselves calls !m to take e advantage ( ! opportunities af=d$2 9 a ^w1 !y are n expect$ to commit acts aga9/ discipl9e--!y are tru/$4' ,mr4 ,wells fur!r tells u t #8s5ior /ud5ts are told (f e day to asc]ta9 ! *ief ev5ts record$ 9 ! newspap]s1 & to record !m on a blackbo>d1 :i* all ! s*ool are expect$ to read1 to be aft]w>ds que/ion$ on ! ev5t 9 _! ,engli% classes4 ,9 ! same way a record is made ( daily wea!r obs]vations4 ,all boys are requir$ to we> ! s*ool cap1 & ! habit ( 8capp+0 ! tea*]s outside ! s*ool is will+ly adopt$4 ,ea* t]m sees its 8drill competitions0 betwe5 ! diff]5t =ms = a %ield pres5t$ by ! ,pr9cipal1 its int]-=m cricket or football mat*es = a *all5ge cup pres5t$ by ! ma/]s1 & mat*es betwe5 ! ma/]s & s*ool4 ,! end ( t]m sees its gymna/ic displays or conc]ts ) act+ & recitals1 to :i* p>5ts & fri5ds are invit$4 ,?ree s*ool capta9s are elect$ ea* t]m1 ! me?od be+ t !y are propos$ & second$1 & vot$ = by ! :ole s*ool4 ,! capta9s h au?ority outside ! class-rooms1 & _! position is readily & loyally ackn[l$g$4' ,! girls h _! games among !mselves1 ?\gh n[ & !n !y play a boys' team at hockey4 ,!y h _! own capta91 & are assembl$ = call-ov] by a mi/ress1 :o has a g5]al control ov] !m1 & is always ready to help !m ) advice & sympa?y4 ,wom51 ( c\rse1 give ! lessons 9 cook+1 etc41 :i* are ! fem99e c\nt]p>t ( manual tra9+2 else all ! tea*+ is 9 ! h&s ( m54 ,! intellectual results appe> to be satisfactory1 & "h1 z 9 o!r co-educational in/itutions ! girls are q able to hold _! own 9 class4 ,( ! moral & hygi5ic results x is f> m difficult to judge4 ,:e!r girls betwe5 f\rte5 & sixte5 w\ld n be bett] "u ! c>e ( a woman1 :e!r !y d n miss "s ( t moral influ5ce :i* c only be ex]cis$ by a =m-mi/ress :o also takes "p 9 ! tea*+1 are que/ions t mu/ come up 9 ! ne> future1 %\ld !re be any disposition t[>ds co-education 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,z yet x has g5]ally be5 adopt$ r f motives ( economy ?an on gr\nds ( pr9ciple4 ,in/itutions l ^? at ,batt]sea1 ,*elsea1 & ,w&swor? are boys' s*ools to :i* girls are admitt$2 al?\gh1 z a matt] ( fact1 at ,*elsea ! girls outnumb] ! boys4 ,! am\nt ( "t giv5 to sci5ce w\ld nev] h be5 allott$ _h ! real ne$s ( girls be5 consid]$4 ,x is an int]e/+ exp]im5t1 b x w n d mu* t[>ds solv+ ! problem ( ,mod]n ,s*ools = girls4 ,ev5 m "o-sid$ 9 its aims is ! type ( s*ool :i* ! ,surrey ,c\nty ,c\ncil is />t+4 ,?is c\nty is specially defici5t 9 girls' s*ools ( a middle grade1 ?\gh x conta9s sev]al good propriet>y high s*ools1 & ! te*nical committee is !re=e apply+ "s ( its funds to ! supply ( ?is want4 ,! ,wimbl$on s*ool is ! fir/ attempt ( ! k9d1 & mu/ be reg>d$ z /ill 9 an exp]im5tal /age4 ,girls :o ent] are suppos$ to h atta9$ to ! requirem5ts ( ! ,six? ,/&>d1 b 9 a di/rict :]e !re are no ,bo>d s*ools ev5 ?is is n always atta9able4 ,h5ce !re are _m gaps to fill up1 be=e a prop] f\ndation is laid = ! new /udies4 ,x is suppos$ t girls w /ay = f\r ye>s1 & %\ld !y d s1 a mo/ valuable exp]im5t might be made 9 devis+ a #8mod]n' curriculum1 ess5tially adapt$ = girls4 ,hi!rto 9 ?is fir/ ye>'s "w ! c\rse ( /udy is exce$+ly meagre2 nei!r sci5ce nor lit]ature is taught2 !re is a little ,engli% hi/ory & geography1 b ! bulk ( ! "t goes to %or?&1 book-keep+1 comm]cial ari?metic1 cook+1 laundry & dressmak+4 ,all excell5t ?+s1 b surely ?is is n suffici5t intellectual f>e = ^! twelve-ye>-old *ildr54 ,ano!r two ye>s at g5]al subjects w\ld help to lay a really good f\ndation on :i* ! special "w c\ld be built up2 & x is probable t ! %or?& & d\ble entry1 & ev5 ! pudd+s & cle>-/>*+1 w n suff] 9 ! end = ?is little delay at ! beg9n+4 ,?is k9d ( "w is none ! bett] = be+ spread out ov] s _m ye>s4 ,x _c1 l ! m intellectual subjects1 be p]petually pres5t+ fre% developm5ts1 :i* give x ! *>m ( novelty4 ,!re seems "s dang] le/1 9 try+ to elevate ! /atus ( ! dome/ic & comm]cial arts1 we %\ld =get t !y _c satisfy all sides ( our nature4 ,girls want some?+ diff]5t f ! sci5ce s*ool1 b x mu/ n be a purely utilit>ian tra9+4 ,9 ! true mod]n s*ool !y w le>n subjects ( daily utility2 b j because s mu* "t is giv5 to ^!1 !re mu/ be special prom95ce = all t makes = culture4 ,to ! ,sp5c]ian dictum t education mu/ prep>e = ! bus9ess ( life1 we %\ld add ,ari/otle's wise admonition1 t x %\ld tea* ! "r use ( leisure4 ,keep+ bo? ^! 9 view we may yet discov] ! ideal #8,mod]n ,s*ool4' ,x w\ld n be fair to blame te*nical education bo>ds because !y h n yet solv$ ?is difficult problem4 ,_! exp]i5ce 9 education is /ill new1 & z f> z s*ools are conc]n$ _! be/ "w has be5 done 9 subsidis+ ^? t already exi/4 ,on ?is l>ge sums are n[ be+ sp5t4 ,to be exact1 we may /ate t dur+ ! ye> #ahif-ig1 sixty-?ree c\ncils1 7=ty-two c\nty1 & tw5ty-"o c\nty bor\gh7 gave direct or indirect assi/ance to ?ree hundr$ & tw5ty-eight second>y s*ools to ! am\nt ( #add1hga1 #bs4 #b;d41 ?is sum includ+ ! s*ol>%ips & exhibitions grant$ to pupils proce$+ to or f second>y s*ools4 ,h[ mu* ( ?is goes to girls does n appe>1 c]ta9ly n half1 b at any rate en\gh to make a v appreciable diff]5ce to _! education4 ,( c\rse1 ?is help is n giv5 unconditionally4 ,x usually implies ! repres5tation ( ! local au?ority on ! gov]n+ body ( ! s*ool1 ! application ( ! entire subsidy to purposes ( te*nical education1 & obs]vance ( ! clauses aboli%+ religi\s te/s4 ,"s c\nties h special requirem5ts1 )\t :i* no subsidy c be giv54 ,e4g4 ,*e%ire dem&s3 7#a7 ,t draw+ %all be taught to e pupil except any ^: exemption may be approv$ by ! committee4 7#b7 ,t at lea/ two sci5ce subjects %all be taught to all pupils ov] t54 7#c7 ,t "o mod]n language %all be taught1 & regul> in/ruction giv5 9 "s comm]cial subjects4 7#d7 ,t ea* /ud5t %all receive in/ruction = at lea/ ?ree h\rs a week 9 ma!matics4 7#e7 ,t ! pupils %all be annually exam9$1 & at lea/ tw5ty-five p] c5t4 ( !m sit = ! exam9ations ( ! ,sci5ce & ,art ,dep>tm5t1 or su* o!r exam9ation z ! ,te*nical ,in/ruction ,committee may f "t to "t approve4 ,o!r c\nties are less rigid 9 _! dem&s4 ,9 ,london1 :]e end[$ s*ools = girls h be5 greatly help$ ) grants1 "s special condition (t5 accompanies a subsidy4 ,?us ! ,ow5s girls' s*ool at ,isl+ton receiv$ #cjj #8to be exp5d$ 9 fitt+ up ! new laboratory & art-room1' ! ,c5tral ,f\ndation s*ool 0 *>g$ to sp5d its grant on fitt+ up ano!r room = "w 9 practical physics & appo9t+ an assi/ant sci5ce mi/ress4 ,at ! ,camd5 s*ool ! bo>d provid$ an ,arts & ,crafts room1 :]e cook]y & dressmak+ are regul>ly taught2 at ! ,james ,all5's s*ool1 ,dulwi*1 a laboratory has be5 built1 & a subsidy giv5 = an assi/ant sci5ce mi/ress4 ,su* subsidies1 ev5 :5 giv5 = a specific purpose1 help ! :ole s*ool indirectly1 s9ce !y set free money f ! g5]al funds = ! b5efit ( :at _c be includ$ 9 t ela/ic t]m #8te*nical education4' ,p]haps ! *ief b5efit yet conf]r$ by c\nty c\ncils on second>y education is ! gift ( s*ol>%ips4 ,x has be5 left to ! te*nical in/ruction committees to frame t #8ladd]' ( :i* s mu* is he>d on educational plat=ms4 ,?anks to a sy/em ( graduat$ s*ol>%ips1 x is n[ possible = an intellig5t boy or girl to pass f a prim>y to a second>y s*ool1 & !nce ev5 to ! univ]sity4 ,( c\rse ?is has be5 done be=e n[1 b nev] on su* a l>ge scale4 ,s9ce ea* c\nty is a law unto itself1 a girl's *ances dep5d greatly on ! place :]e %e happ5s to live4 ,a girl liv+ 9 ,b$=d%ire has no c\nty c\ncil s*ol>%ips op5 to h]1 b ! ,h>pur ,tru/ s*ools at ,b$=d receive girls ) s*ol>%ips f o!r c\nties4 ,a ,surrey girl has a good *ance ( w9n+ a s*ol>%ip1 b1 ow+ to ! de>? ( girls' public s*ools 9 t c\nty1 %e may n be able to make ! be/ use ( x4 ,happily1 !re are _m p>ts ( ,engl& :]e bo? s*ools & s*ol>%ips are available1 & !re w soon be m1 if "o ( ! difficulties 9 ! way ( ! girls' #8ladd]' is remov$1 by ! recognition ( propriet>y high s*ools z public in/itutions at :i* s*ol>%ips c be held4 ,?is is n[ be+ done 9 "s places1 to ! great advantage ( ! s*ol>s4 ,"s c\nties1 e4g4 ,d]by%ire1 ,durham1 & ,york%ire1 h a v complete sy/em ( s*ol>%ips1 accompani$ by ma9t5ance grants1 )\t :i* !y w\ld 9 _m cases be useless4 ,!re are few c\nties t d no?+ 9 ?is way4 ,! ,london ,te*nical ,education ,bo>d reg>ds its s*ol>%ip s*eme z ! basis = ne>ly all its "w4 #8,! aw>d ( junior & int]m$iate c\nty s*ol>%ips necessitates su* grants to second>y s*ools z w enable !m to make prop] provision = ! te*nical tra9+ ( ! s*ol>s4 ,simil>ly1 ! aw>d ( int]m$iate & s5ior c\nty s*ol>%ips compels ! ,bo>d to see t ! tra9+ af=d$ 9 in/itutions = high] education is suitable = s*ol>s ( sev5te5 ye>s ( age & upw>ds4' ,! ,bo>d gives ?ree classes ( s*ol>%ips3--7#a7 ,junior c\nty s*ol>%ips1 int5d$ *iefly = pupils ( public elem5t>y s*ools work+ 9 ! fif? or high] ,/&>ds1 t5able = two ye>s & r5ewable4 ,( ^! six hundr$ are giv5 annually1 & fifty are op5 to c&idates f o!r ?an elem5t>y s*ools1 ^: p>5ts h an income bel[ #aej4 ,^! s*ol>%ips give _! hold]s free education at any approv$ second>y or upp] /&>d s*ool1 ) money paym5ts ( #h = ! fir/ ye>1 & #ab = ! second4 #b4 ,int]m$iate c\nty s*ol>%ips are op5 to boys & girls "u sixte5 :o come f any s*ool1 second>y or upp] /&>d4 ,!y give free education to ! age ( eighte5 or n9ete51 ) money paym5ts ris+ f #bj to #ce a ye>4 ,! income limit is #djj4 ,!y are t5able at public second>y s*ools & places ( high] le>n+4 #c4 ,s5ior c\nty s*ol>%ips4 ,^! are few 9 numb]1 & int5d$ to provide = specially promis+ /ud5ts a tra9+ ( univ]sity rank4 ,!y give free education at a college or te*nical in/itute1 ) money grants ( #fj a ye>1 & are t5able = ?ree ye>s4 ,"h1 too1 ! income limit is #djj4 ,9 #ahif-ig ,london _h a ?\s& junior s*ol>s 9 fifty second>y1 & two hundr$ & n9ety-f\r 9 ?irty-six upp] /&>d s*ools4 ,( ?is total f\r hundr$ & eighty-five are girls4 ,! int]m$iate s*ol>s1 ( :om !re 7 a hundr$ & eighty1 7 9 ! foll[+ in/itutions3 ?ree univ]sity colleges1 five te*nical & sci5ce colleges1 "o tra9+ dep>tm5t ( a polyte*nic1 f\rte5 fir/-grade public second>y s*ools1 tw5ty-"o second grade public second>y s*ools4 ,sixty-two ( ^! s*ol>s 7 girls4 ,( ! s5ior s*ol>s only two 7 wom54 ,!y pursu$ _! /udies at ,holl[ay & ! ,c5tral ,te*nical ,colleges4 ,all ?is is1 ( c\rse1 9 addition to ! special s*ol>%ips = ,art1 ,sci5ce1 ,dome/ic ,economy1 etc41 :i* come m directly "u ! head+ ( #8te*nical4' ,if we turn away f ^! li/s ( names & figures to consid] h[ wide a field has be5 cov]$ by ?is "w 9 ,london & ! prov9ces1 we _c b be /ruck by ! developm5ts ( ^! eight ye>s4 ,a sy/em ( univ]sities = ! p has be5 />t$1 te*nical & comm]cial education h receiv$ an enorm\s impetus1 second>y in/ruction has be5 br\ght )9 rea* ( l>ge numb]s by :om x 0 hi!rto unatta9able1 numb]s ( already exi/+ s*ools h be5 plac$ on a firm f9ancial basis1 & ?r\gh\t ! special ne$s ( wom5 h be5 consid]$4 ,) bett] build+ & plumb+1 bett] cook+ & wa%+1 we c]ta9ly may hope = m creature com=ts 9 ! good "t com+4 ,b ?is is a small ?+ comp>$ ) ! bright5+ ( homes by ! gift ( ^? high] pleasures1 )\t :i* x has be5 truly said t life is n truly life at all4 ,surely :isky-dr9k]s ne$ n grudge ! extra sixp5ce :i* has done all ?is6 ,,*apt] ,x ,,/ate ,,aid ,,= ,,girls ,:ile private ef=t 9 ! =m ( companies1 end[m5ts1 & individual ent]prises 0 build+ up a complete1 ?\gh unorganis$1 sy/em ( girls' education1 ano!r sy/em totally unconnect$ 0 be+ gradually develop$ by aid ( ! ,/ate4 ,= a long "t ! two 7 reg>d$ z p>allel1 ) no possible po9t ( contact1 except su* z might be artificially e/abli%$ by means ( s*ol>%ips4 ,n[ we are beg9n+ to ?9k t we may h mi/ak5 ! direction ( ! l9es1 & t !re are "s po9ts ( connection betwe5 ! ,bo>d ,s*ool & ! ,high ,s*ool pupil4 ,?is *ange is due to ! gr[+ conviction t ! education ( its citiz5s is a matt] ( :i* a ,/ate %\ld take cognisance4 ,f> beh9d ,g]many 9 its adoption ( ?is pr9ciple1 ,engl& did at la/ wake up to ! necessity ( educat+ all h] citiz5s4 ,:e!r out ( self-def5ce1 to #8educate our ma/]s1' z ,mr4 ,l[e bade u d1 or1 z ,plato w\ld h c\nsell$1 to make ! m5 & wom5 ( ! ,/ate z good z possible1 ! idea ( univ]sal education has at la/ ga9$ a hold 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,v sl[ly1 & ) imm5se opposition on ! "p ( ! classes :o reg>d$ le>n+ z _! own peculi> privilege1 & 7 jeal\s ( any intrusion 9 :at !y consid]$ _! private doma94 ,b !y 7 p[]less to h9d]2 :5 once ! little flame 0 k9dl$1 no =ce c\ld avail to ext+ui% x4 ,f ! mom5t t "o g5]ation educat$ 9 ! new s*ools took _! place z vot]s1 ! sy/em 0 secur$4 ,! democracy soon realis$ t education 0 a levell+ ag5cy1 & t x 0 _! int]e/ bo? to ma9ta9 & improve x4 ,x is difficult = ^? :o are famili> ) our elem5t>y education to realise h[ rec5t is its e/abli%m5t 9 ,engl&1 & h[ /ill m a matt] ( ye/]day ! full use ( ! opportunities (f]$4 ,engl& 0 ! la/ ( ! great ,european c\ntries to accept ! doctr9e ( ! responsibility ( ! ,/ate = education4 ,s*ools = ! poor] classes 7 = a long "t ei!r non-exi/5t or a matt] ( local1 l>gely d5om9ational1 ef=t4 ,! fir/ grant ( public money to s*ools 0 made 9 #ahcb1 :51 )\t any previ\s legislation on ! subject1 ! sum ( #bj1jjj = ?is purpose appe>$ 9 ! ,e/imates4 ,sev5 ye>s lat] ?is 0 increas$ to #cj1jjj1 & by an ord] 9 ,c\ncil a special committee ( ! ,privy ,c\ncil 0 e/abli%$1 ) its own /aff ( (fic]s to sup]vise ! "w4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ beg9n+ ( ! ,education ,dep>tm5t4 ,?us gradually1 almo/ imp]ceptibly1 ! ,/ate 0 beg9n+ to int]v5e 9 education4 ,:5 9 #aheh ! ,duke ( ,newca/le's ,commission 0 appo9t$ to inquire into ! :ole /ate ( popul> education1 x f\nd t mu* _h already be5 done1 b ! great ne$ 0 = "s sy/ematic control4 ,! result ( its f9d+s 0 ! celebrat$ ,revis$ ,code ( #ahfa1 ^: ma9 provisions 73-- #8#a4 ,t a s*ool mu/ be 9 approv$ premises4 #8#b4 ,t ea* *ild mu/ make a c]ta9 numb] ( att5dances4 #8#c4 ,t *ildr5 mu/ pass individual exam9ations 9 read+1 writ+1 & ari?metic4' ,?us orig9at$ ! mu* prais$ & mu* abus$ sy/em ( #8paym5t by results1' ab\t :i* s _m a conte/ has wag$4 ,up to #ahgj1 ! :ole sy/em _h gr[n up out ( adm9i/rative ma*9]y1 )\t direct int]v5tion ( ! legislature4 ,volunt>y ef=t orig9at$ ! s*ools1 ,treasury grants assi/$ !m4 ,! ,education ,act ( #ahgj 0 int5d$1 to quote ! words ( its au?or1 ,mr4 ,=/]1 #8to complete ! volunt>y sy/em1 & to fill up gaps4' ,its object 0 n s mu* to create s*ools z ,s*ool ,bo>ds4 ,:]e volunt>y ef=t 01 by inspection1 prov$ insuffici5t1 a di/rict c\ld be call$ ^u to elect a ,s*ool ,bo>d1 ) p[] to raise a rate4 ,a subsequ5t ,act1 by e/abli%+ s*ool att5dance committees = non-,s*ool ,bo>d di/ricts1 complet$ ! sy/em ( local control2 & ! #ahhj ,act made att5dance compulsory on all *ildr5 up to t5 7s9ce alt]$ to elev571 & =bade ! employm5t ( any *ildr5 betwe5 t5 & ?irte5 :o _h n rea*$ a /&>d to be fix$ = ea* di/rict by its own local au?ority4 ,^? :o c\ld n rea* ?is by f\rte5 might claim ! dunce's privilege4 ,! ,s*ool ,bo>ds f\nd pl5ty ( "w be=e !m4 ,= "s ye>s !y 7 *iefly occupi$ 9 draw+ into ! s*ools ! great masses ( ! entirely un$ucat$2 & ! ?ree ,r's1 :i* 0 all !y c\ld aim at1 came to be reg>d$ 9 _m qu>t]s z ! ultimate aim ( elem5t>y s*ool in/ruction4 ,b ?is 0 a tempor>y /age1 :i* _h to be gone ?r\gh be=e ! r$-brick s*ool-h\se _h become a regul> feature ( t[n & village ?r\gh\t ! k+dom4 ,education 0 compulsory till ! age ( t52 *ildr5 :o pass$ ?r\gh all ! /&>ds w\ld rema9 at s*ool till ab\t twelve or ?irte54 ,= ! masses t might be suffici5t2 = a select few x 0 ei!r too little or too mu*4 ,x s]v$ to k9dle 9 _! m9ds a love ( k1 & to reveal a special incl9ation = intellectual pursuits1 )\t (f]+ ! means ( satisfy+ x4 ,gradually ! ne$ ( build+ a second /ory on ?is l[] edifice became manife/4 ,a subject mu* debat$ dur+ ! la/ few ye>s is ! "q :e!r ?is %\ld be plant$ on ! top ( ! prim>y build+1 or provid$ by special av5ues lead+ f ! elem5t>y s*ools to exi/+ second>y in/itutions4 ,b :ile educationali/s 7 discuss+ matt]s 9 ! ab/ract1 ! necessities ( ! case 7 compell+ ! exi/+ s*ools to build _! own top /ory4 ,:5 ! ,second>y ,education ,commission ( #ahid came to discuss ! be/ me?ods ( e/abli%+ cont9uation s*ools1 !y f\nd t a consid]able numb] 7 already at "w 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,! *ange _h come ab\t little by little4 ,clev] *ildr5 _h pass$ ?r\gh ! /&>ds at an age :5 x 0 impossible or inadvisable to set !m to "w2 x 0 natural t ! s*ool %\ld be unwill+ to turn !m away4 ,?us orig9at$ an ex-six? /&>d1 & gradually ! pressure ( ! ,bo>ds upw>d br\ght ab\t ! ext5sion ( ! p>liam5t>y grant to a new /&>d--! sev5?--9 :i* m advanc$ subjects ( /udy receiv$ recognition4 ,?us :ile ! obligatory subjects /ill rema9 read+1 writ+1 & ari?metic1 ) ne$lework = ! girls & draw+ = ! boys1 ! optional & specific subjects--( :i*1 h[ev]1 no *ild may take m ?an a v limit$ numb]--n[ range ov] sev]al sci5ces1 languages1 & ma!matics1 z well z :at are popul>ly call$ te*nical subjects4 ,! great mass ( s*ools are /ill oblig$ to conf9e !mselves to elem5t>y "w2 b ) ! introduction ( o!r subjects into ! code1 a new elem5t has ent]$ ! s*ools1 & has )\t d\bt #8come to /ay4' ,! next developm5t aft] ! sev5? /&>d 0 a sy/em ( ex-/&>d classes1 :i* 9 l>ge s*ools c\ld be work$ )\t a great addition to ! /aff4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ! in/ruction ( ! pupil-tea*]s introduc$ "s m advanc$ classes2 & z "t w5t on1 p>5ts :o _h !mselves enjoy$ ! b5efits ( education %[$ !mselves m & m will+ to leave _! *ildr5 at s*ool z long z ! s*ool 0 will+ to keep !m4 ,9 ?is way ! ex-sev5? /&>d develop$ into ! ,high] ,grade ,elem5t>y s*ool4 ,?is "n belongs prop]ly to two diff]5t types ( s*ool4 ,! ,high] ,grade prop] beg9s at ! fif? /&>d1 & gives an education = ?ree or f\r ye>s beyond ! sev5?4 ,b ! t]m is also appli$ to a s*ool :i* includes all ! /&>ds1 & gives m advanc$ in/ruction to a small numb] ( pupils :o rema9 aft] pass+ ?r\gh ^!4 ,! latt] is ! k9d usually f\nd 9 ,london2 ! =m] is popul> 9 l>ge manufactur+ t[ns1 especially 9 ! nor?1 & x is ?is :i* is /epp+ 9 to fill an important gap 9 ! second>y sy/em ( ! c\ntry4 ,^! s*ools m>k ! exi/5ce ( a new & vigor\s educational impulse aris+ f bel[4 ,!y are a natural1 ?\gh app>5tly unexpect$1 developm5t ( ! elem5t>y s*ool1 :i*1 accord+ to ! words ( ! ,act1 is "o #8at :i* elem5t>y education is ! pr9cipal "p ( ! education !re giv54' ,s9ce ! great mass ( *ildr5 d n g beyond ! fif? /&>d1 x is conv5i5t 9 l>ge t[ns to draw into a s+le s*ool all :o propose to cont9ue _! education1 & by a sy/ematic c\rse ( fur!r /udy to enc\rage !m to /ay on z long z possible4 ,?us a second>y s*ool has gr[n up s naturally & quietly on ! top ( ! elem5t>y1 t _m p]sons are h>dly aw>e ( its exi/5ce4 ,?is sudd5 addition ( a f\r ye>s' advanc$ c\rse w\ld obvi\sly be impossible )\t funds1 & ! ,education ,dep>tm5t is (ficially unaw>e ( ! exi/5ce ( any pupils beyond ! sev5? /&>d4 ,! good fairy :o /eps 9 "h is none o!r ?an t mu* abus$ ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,dep>tm5t ( ,sci5ce & ,art4 ,?is dep>tm5t1 :i*1 ju/ly or unju/ly1 has come to be reg>d$ z a r$-tape-b\nd ma*9e = exam9+ & conf]r+ grants by a sort ( automatic process1 has only ( late ye>s be5 br\ght into connection ) day-s*ools4 ,?\gh its grants began z e>ly z #ahcg1 _! object 0 *iefly to enc\rage ev5+ classes1 & make *eap in/ruction possible = ^? m5 & wom5 ^: occupation or income %ut !m out f ! ord9>y means ( education4 ,an exam9ation :i* c\ld be us$ = ! purpose ( e>n+ income naturally became popul>2 & 9 spite ( prote/s f _m qu>t]s1 9 p>ticul> f "s arti/s1 :o reg>d$ ! sy/em ( draw+-tea*+ z me*anical & cramp+1 !re has be5 little dim9ution 9 its popul>ity z a money-produc+ ag5cy4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( te*nical in/itutes gave x a fre% impulse1 s9ce ! adoption by ^! ( ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton exam9ations gave a welcome addition to ! in/itute's funds2 & z ! money = ?is purpose is suppli$ by annual votes 9 ! ,e/imates1 & n by a rate1 x provokes none ( t opposition :i* a local rate = any object1 no matt] h[ desirable1 is sure to enc\nt]4 ,! connection betwe5 ,s\? ,k5s+ton & ! day-s*ools has gr[n little by little4 ,! grants 7 orig9ally meant = ev5+-s*ools1 b !re appe>$ no reason :y day-s*ools %\ld n also e>n x1 provid$ !y 7 will+ to s5d 9 _! pupils = ! ev5+ exam9ations1 :i* = "s ye>s 7 ! only ones held4 ,z e>ly z #ahgb1 ! dep>tm5t _h devis$ a regul> s*eme ( in/ruction = s*ools t sy/ematically foll[$ its c\rses4 ,"u c]ta9 conditions1 s*ools "u local managem5t1 approv$ by ! dep>tm5t1 might be regi/]$ z #8,organis$ ,sci5ce ,s*ools4' ,a c]ta9 class /amp 0 giv5 !m by requir+ t ! pupils %\ld z a :ole belong to ! #8indu/rial classes1' ! #djj income limit be+ us$ to def9e ! t]m4 ,paym5ts 7 made = success 9 exam9ation3 = ,sci5ce1 #b = a pass 9 an elem5t>y subject2 #b1 #ajs4 & #e1 respectively1 = a second or fir/-class 9 an advanc$ /age2 & #d & #h = a second & fir/ 9 hon\rs4 ,extra grants 7 made = c]ta9 subjects4 ,no paym5t 0 made unless at lea/ tw5ty-eight lessons _h be5 giv5 to ! class1 or unless at lea/ tw5ty _h be5 att5d$ by ! individual pupil4 ,paym5ts on simil> pr9ciples 7 made = ,art4 ,! ,organis$ ,sci5ce ,s*ool c\ld also claim an att5dance grant1 :i* made x a m pr(itable und]tak+4 ,9 return1 a s*ool 0 b\nd to allot fifte5 h\rs a week to subjects tak5 "u ! dep>tm5t4 ,z a matt] ( fact mo/ s*ools gave m4 ,!re 0 money 9 ,sci5ce1 ,ma!matics & ,draw+4 ,geography1 ,hi/ory1 ,languages & ,lit]ature 7 unremun]ative4 ,!y mu/ g to ! wall4 ,su* 0 ! c\rse :i*1 orig9ally design$ = ev5+ /ud5ts1 0 gradually ga9+ fav\r 9 day-s*ools4 ,a *ild :o pass$ beyond ! /&>ds mu/ /ill e>n money = 8 s*ool1 & ?is c\ld only be done by means ( ^! ,s\? ,k5s+ton grants4 ,h5ce ! wide diffusion ( ! ,organis$ ,sci5ce ,s*ool1 9 spite ( its too e>ly specialisation1 & ! undue /ress laid on grant-e>n+4 ,?is arrangem5t m>k$ ! triumph ( r$-tape & apo!osis ( ! exam9ation sy/em4 ,! n>r[ness ( ! curriculum made x unsuitable = _m boys1 & almo/ all girls4 ,z attempts 7 made to adopt x m g5]ally = ! sake ( ! grant1 condemnation became frequ5t4 ,! obligatory fifte5 h\rs' ,sci5ce 7 compla9$ (2 9 #ahie new regulations r$uc$ !m to ?irte51 & introduc$ a g5]al viva voce inspection1 :i* 0 to take cognisance ( lit]>y subjects z well4 ,grants are /ill giv5 only = ,sci5ce & ,art1 b ! o!r side is n :olly neglect$4 ,t5 h\rs mu/ nom9ally be giv5 to lit]>y subjects1 ?\gh ?is is held to include manual in/ruction = boys & cook]y or ne$lework = girls4 ,less /ress is laid on exam9ation4 ,9 ! elem5t>y c\rse1 paym5ts are made :olly on ! results ( inspection1 & 9 ! advanc$ c\rse p>tly on inspection & p>tly on exam9ation4 ,! arrangem5ts are extremely complicat$1 b !y am\nt to--7#a7 an att5dance grant on all /ud5ts :o h att5d$ a m9imum numb] ( times2 7#b7 a v>iable grant on ea* /ud5t2 7#c7 grants = practical "w2 7#d7 paym5ts on exam9ation results 9 ! case ( advanc$ /ud5ts ( ,sci5ce & ,art2 7#e7 paym5ts = manual in/ruction1 cook]y1 ne$lework1 etc4 ,su* are ! means ( f9anc+ a ,sci5ce ,s*ool 7! t]m n[ adopt$71 & s*ools ( ?is description are (t5 f\nd s]v+ ! purpose ( cont9uation dep>tm5ts to elem5t>y s*ools4 ,s9ce #ahig exam9ations h also be5 held 9 ! day-"t4 ,a high] grade s*ool :i* sy/ematically organises its upp] dep>tm5t is divid$ into upp] & l[] s*ool1 ! =m] "u ! cognisance ( ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 & ! latt] ( ! ,education ,dep>tm5t4 ,a f\r ye>s' c\rse 9 ! upp] s*ool usually leads to matriculation4 ,b al?\gh !y are 9 a s5se two di/9ct s*ools1 !y fit into ea* o!r z ! prim>y & gramm> s*ools d 9 ,am]ica4 ,! me?ods are ! same 9 bo?1 ! organisation simil>1 & *ildr5 pass f "o to ! o!r )\t t brea* ( cont9uity :i* makes ! transition f ! elem5t>y to ! high s*ool s sudd51 & (t5 s unpr(itable4 ,x is ?is cont9uity :i* conduces s l>gely to ! success ( ! high] grade s*ools1 & acc\nts = ! extraord9>y rapidity ( _! gr[?4 ,z _m z sev5 or eight hundr$ pupils h be5 kn[n to ent] "o ( ^! s*ools on ! op5+ day2 ?ree hundr$ ( ^! _h free places1 ! re/ paid small fees4 ,!re are at pres5t 9 ,engl& #afi ,s*ools ( ,sci5ce1 ) an att5dance ( #bj1hgi4 ,:at proportion ( ^! are girls x is impossible to asc]ta94 ,a l>ge proportion ( ^! sci5ce dep>tm5ts are 9 high] grade s*ools4 ,al?\gh a high] grade s*ool is n necess>ily a sci5ce s*ool1 :ile sci5ce s*ools are sometimes f\nd z dep>tm5ts ( gramm> s*ools or o!r in/itutions1 ! two are f\nd 9 su* frequ5t comb9ation t ! t]ms ,high] ,grade & ,sci5ce ,s*ool are n infrequ5tly us$ z synonym\s4 ,( ^! s*ools ! be/ kn[n is probably ! "o at ,le$s s ably direct$ by ,dr4 ,=sy?4 ,x is e/abli%$ 9 a huge block ( build+s1 & has two divisions--"o = boys & "o = girls--) a c5tral d\ble /aircase op5+ into long corridors1 sep>at$ f class-rooms by glass p>titions4 ,its class-rooms are l>ge & airy2 x is admirably equipp$ ) app>atus1 etc41 & has a good playgr\nd = ! boys1 ?\gh ! girls are re/rict$ to ! use ( ! ro(4 ,) its *emical laboratory = #abj /ud5ts1 its physical laboratory1 l>ge lecture-room1 work%op1 gymnasium1 etc41 its l>ge /aff1 & #ahjj pupils1 ( :om ab\t half are 9 or ov] ,/&>d ,,vii41 x te/ifies ) all ! eloqu5ce ( mat]ial fact to ! vigor\s developm5t ( ?is new educational =ce4 ,! nature ( ! "w done 9 ^! propiti\s surr\nd+s is be/ describ$ 9 ! ,pr9cipal's own words3--#8,on a basis ( elem5t>y education x is int5d$ to sup]add a sy/em ( high] education :i*1 at a mod]ate *>ge1 w tra9 pupils = indu/rial1 manufactur+1 & pr(essional pursuits4 ,?is sy/em ( in/ruction w h its beg9n+s 9 ! elem5t>y s*ool1 b w be practically c>ri$ out 9 a ?ree ye>s' c\rse beyond ! /&>ds4 ,x w embrace su* c\rses z3-- #a4 ,! ,classical 7or ,pr(essional71 9 :i* ,lat91 ,ma!matics1 ,sci5ce1 & ,draw+ =m ! *ief subjects4 #b4 ,! ,mod]n 7or ,m]cantile71 9 :i* ,fr5* or ,g]man1 ,comm]cial ,geography1 ,ma!matics1 ,sci5ce1 & ,draw+ w receive mo/ att5tion4 #c4 ,! ,sci5tific 7or ,te*nical71 9 :i* ,ma!matics1 ,sci5ce1 & ,draw+ =m ! lead+ subjects4 ,a s*ool ( ?is size c1 ( c\rse1 be brok5 up into a numb] ( sep>ate dep>tm5ts1 s9ce ^! numb]s w\ld1 9 any case1 necessitate p>allel classes1 & ! "w ( ! upp] s*ool is greatly facilitat$ by c>ry+ d[n su* subjects z ,lat91 ,fr5*1 & ,elem5t>y ,sci5ce z l[ z ! fif? /&>d4 ,?is s*ool takes pupils f ! second /&>d4 ,! fee ?r\gh\t is #i;d4 a week4 ,x conta9s a v important ,organis$ ,sci5ce dep>tm5t1 b ?is only repres5ts "p ( ! "w ( ! s*ool4 ,! curriculum ( ! girls diff]s b slightly f t ( ! boys4 ,!y take cook]y & simil> subjects in/ead ( manual in/ruction1 & cali/h5ics in/ead ( gymna/ics4 ,at "o "t !y 7 all[$ to sub/itute botany = "s ( ! ma!matics1 app>5tly ) excell5t results4 ,simil> s*ools1 ?\gh n q s l>ge1 are 9 exi/5ce at ,man*e/]1 ,c>diff1 ,gate%ead1 etc4--9 fact1 almo/ e l>ge t[n 9 ,engl& n[ has1 at lea/1 "o s*ool ( ?is k9d4 ,at ,le$s boys & girls are sep>at$ 9 ! /&>ds1 b "w toge!r 9 ! upp] s*ool1 :]e ! proportion ( girls is v small4 ,at ,c>diff ! two s*ools are di/9ct & "u diff]5t heads1 b ! highe/ 7matriculation7 class is mix$4 ,! plan ( putt+ boys & girls toge!r "u ! headma/] 9 ! upp] s*ool appe>s to be ga9+ gr\nd4 ,?is seems a mi/ake1 s9ce 9 s*ools ( ?is k9d ! ne$s ( boys & girls are ( necessity v diff]5t4 ,z f> z boys are conc]n$1 ! cont9uation s*ool ( ! work+ classes is b\nd1 9 fulfilm5t ( its tw(old function1 #8to c>ry on education beyond ! elem5t>y /age )\t brea* ( cont9uity1 & to fit *ildr5 = _! future occupation'2 to lay ! *ief /ress on sci5ce1 me*anical draw+1 & simil> subjects1 :i* may help ! future artisan to take a high] place 9 8 trade4 ,= girls ! position is diff]5t4 ,9 fact1 sci5ce s*ools 7 nev] meant = !m1 b !y gradually ga9$ admittance = want ( a correspond+ s*ool ( _! own4 ,"s p]sons ?9k x a good c\rse = int5d+ tea*]s2 = ! g5]al run ( girls x _c be consid]$ suitable4 ,! mo/ cry+ ne$ = !m j n[ seems complete sep>ation f ! boys' dep>tm5t1 & "s o!r s*eme ?an t ( sci5ce exam9ations = purposes ( f9anc+4 ,a girls' cont9uation s*ool c h>dly be a place = specialis+4 ,) due all[ance = all possible outlets = fem99e en]gy1 x /ill rema9s a fact t ! great mass ( wom5 are likely to lead a m or less dome/ic life1 & ! special tra9+ = :at has be5 call$ ! trade ( #8home-mak+' does n necessitate a f\r ye>s' c\rse ( ardu\s /udy4 ,a girl's future1 too1 is h>d] to anticipate4 ,%e may m>ry & keep h\se1 or %e may "w = h] liv+1 or %e may d bo?1 ei!r successively or simultane\sly4 ,:at %e ne$s is good all-r\nd tra9+2 if along ) ?is %e c get "s good practical & !oretical in/ruction 9 dome/ic economy s mu* ! bett]4 ,b cook+ & wa%+ mu/ n absorb z mu* "t z boys give to *emi/ry & physics1 else we run ! risk ( disgu/+ our girls = ev] ) h\sehold "w4 ,x is absurd to conf\nd a dome/ic art ) a !oretical & practical sci5ce1 = x c only to a v limit$ degree replace m5tal tra9+4 ,?is a girl c get f a v>iety ( /udies4 ,! m g5]al h] curriculum1 ! bett] w %e be prep>$ = ! v miscellane\s dem&s ( h] aft] life4 ,a c]ta9 numb] w d\btless pass ?r\gh ! int]m$iate s*ool to ! univ]sity college1 b ?is may be done )\t excessive specialisation1 & ! numb] :o rema9 long en\gh to make use ( su* opportunities is likely to be mu* small] 9 ! case ( girls ?an boys4 ,if a fair proportion /ay = two ye>s aft] ! sev5? /&>d1 we %\ld be well satisfi$4 ,if ! p>5ts h made sacrifices 9 ord] to keep !m at s*ool till fifte51 x is "t = ! majority at any rate to be appr5tic$ = _! future "w1 or make a place = !mselves 9 _! own homes4 ,a girl's prep>ation = life is n entirely to be s\ght at s*ool2 matriculation is n an end 9 itself1 & a girl :o has n suffici5t ability to w9 a s*ol>%ip to a second>y s*ool1 or a special aptitude = tea*+1 w d bett] to turn h] att5tion to m lucrative fields ( manual or comm]cial "w4 ,! s*ool t1 fail+ to recognise ?is1 endeav\rs to drive all its pupils ?r\gh ! same exam9ation mill is neglect+ "p ( its duty1 & tak+ too n>r[ a view ( education4 ,a two ye>s' c\rse is :at ! majority ( girls ne$ to fill ! int]val betwe5 ! sev5? /&>d & ! age ( appr5tice%ip4 ,if we c\ld give ?is to all1 & some?+ m to ! few1 ! ,/ate w\ld n be neglect+ its daught]s4 ,s9ce "u pres5t circum/ances ^! s*ools _c be work$ )\t "s help f ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 v>i\s exp]im5ts are be+ tri$ 9 organisation1 to enable a s*ool to e>n "s grant & yet pay m reg>d to ! ne$s ( girls ?an is usually done 9 high] grade s*ools4 ,"s adopt ! plan ( ,sci5ce ,classes in/ead ( ,sci5ce ,s*ools1 regi/]+ = exam9ation purposes ! classes 9 sci5ce1 draw+1 etc41 )\t (f]+ up ! ?irte5 obligatory h\rs on ! alt> ( money e>n+4 ,un=tunately ?is plan is less advantage\s f ! pecuni>y /&po9t1 & _m a s*oolmi/ress w decl>e ) a sigh t !re is no?+ = x b to resort to ! ,sci5ce ,s*ool4 ,x is n s good = ! girls1 b x pays bett]4 ,"s day1 be=e too long1 a ,second>y ,education ,act may enable u to *ange all t4 ,meantime we mu/ give to ,s\? ,k5s+ton ! hon\r ( /epp+ 9 :5 education 0 langui%+ = want ( funds1 & help+ u to build ! upp] /ory = our bo>d s*ool boys & girls4 ,?is dep>tm5t1 l ! c\nty c\ncils :i* adm9i/] ! ,te*nical ,in/ruction ,acts1 has no p[] to subsidise subjects outside its own lawful purlieus1 nor c x1 :ile we lack a recognis$ educational au?ority1 aw>d its money grants by o!r means ?an inspection & exam9ation4 ,?us ! int]m$iate s*ool is be+ =c$ ?r\gh ! mill ( #8paym5t by results1' f :i* ! elem5t>y s*ool has at la/ escap$4 ,p]haps ?is 0 a necess>y /age = bo? to pass ?r\gh2 & ?\gh "s victims fell by ! way & !re 0 "s inju/ice done1 yet x s]v$ to e/abli% ! g5]al /&>d ( effici5cy :i* has made ! in/itution ( m lib]al me?ods 9 bo>d s*ools possible4 ,simil>ly ! /]n ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,dep>tm5t may help to e/abli% a bett] sy/em ( sci5ce tea*+ ?r\gh its c>eful inspection & insi/5ce on practical "w1 & x may c]ta9ly claim to h #8succe$$ 9 do+ :at no o!r sy/em c\ld h done1 c>ry+ sci5ce in/ruction all ov] ! c\ntry )\t ev] rais+ any sect>ian difficulty ( any k9d4'#ah ,! c\nty c\ncils & ! ,sci5ce & ,art ,dep>tm5t h become our mo/ important educational au?orities1 = ! v simple reason t !y alone h money at _! disposal4 ,bo? are limit$ 9 _! op]ations 9 a mann] t =ces !m to be unju/ to "s mo/ important bran*es ( /udy4 ,legislation c & mu/ alt] ?is 9 ! imm$iate future4 ,meantime ! result is to emphasise a class di/9ction betwe5 lit]>y & sci5tific s*ools4 ,9 mak+ sci5ce ! di/9ctive m>k ( ! l[]-class s*ool1 ! ,dep>tm5t has br\ght ab\t ! some:at anomal\s result ( degrad+ 9 ! public e/imation ^? v /udies :i* x design$ to elevate4 ,an attempt is n[ be+ made to improve ! pre/ige ( ! sci5ce s*ool by rais+ ! income limit to #ejj1 9 accordance ) ! new income-tax regulations1 & includ+ among s*ools ackn[l$g$ by ! ,dep>tm5t ^? #8manag$ by a public company 9 ! articles ( association ( :i* provision is made t no divid5d %all be paid exce$+ five p] c5t4' ,"u ?is head+ come ! great] "p ( our be/ girls' s*ools1 & ?is regulation w\ld place x 9 ! p[] ( ! gov]nors ( ^! to turn a "p ( _! s*ool into a ,sci5ce ,s*ool1 or to regi/] sep>ate classes ) a view to exam9ation & grant-e>n+4 ,x w\ld be a conv5i5t way ( add+ to _! income1 b :e!r x is desirable to complicate ! h>moni\s work+ ( a high s*ool by a plan ( dual control & a v exact+ sy/em ( outside inspection & exam9ation seems v d\btful4 ,%\ld x ev] be l>gely adopt$ ! *ief ga9]s w\ld probably be ! private s*ools1 :i* w\ld alone be left free to take a wide view ( ! pres5t & future ne$s ( _! pupils4 ,!re w\ld be a curi\s irony 9 su* an outcome ( all ! ef=ts to improve girls' education by mak+ x a public conc]n2 b z long z !re is no compulsion beyond ! elem5t>y /age1 we may always reckon on a heal?y reaction & a revolt aga9/ excessive r$-tape4 ,britons nev] w be slaves1 n ev5 to a ,dep>tm5t :i* helps !m to educate _! *ildr5 m *eaply4 ,:ile ! high] grade s*ool is design$ to give m advanc$ in/ruction to ^? *ildr5 f ! elem5t>y s*ools :o c af=d to po/pone _! work+ life till fifte5 or lat]1 x has also become necess>y to d some?+ = ^? ^: occupations w n all[ ( cont9u$ day-"t in/ruction4 ,! ,ev5+ ,cont9uation s*ools are int5d$ to supply ?is want4 ,! orig9al night-s*ool ( old5 "t 0 "o :]e ! unlett]$ ru/ic or me*anic came to spell out 8 prim] & labori\sly manufacture 8 pot-hooks4 ,?\gh election /ati/ics %[ t ! absolutely illit]ate vot] is gradually vani%+ f ! sc5es1 8 complete ext9ction _c be f> (f1 & 9 cat]+ = aft]-in/ruction ! am\nt ( s*ool+ repres5t$ by ?ree /&>ds may z a rule be assum$4 ,b 9 e>ly days ! s*ool bo>ds _h to cat] = a v ignorant class ( ev5+ pupils1 & ! "w ( ! cont9uation s*ools 0 to a great ext5t p>allel ) t ( ! day-s*ools4 ,= _m ye>s ! codes insi/$ t pupils 9 night-s*ools e>n+ grants %\ld und]go exam9ations 9 ! ?ree elem5t>y subjects--read+1 writ+1 ari?metic4 ,z ! numb]s :o pass$ ?r\gh ! day-s*ools increas$ !re 0 a correspond+ dim9ution 9 ev5+ att5dances1 & x became cle> t ! prop] use ( ! ev5+-s*ool 0 z a place ( m advanc$ in/ruction4 ,accord+ly 9 ! #ahij ,code ! clause1 t elem5t>y education %\ld be ! pr9cipal "p ( ! education !re giv51 0 omitt$4 ,9 #ahic ,ev5+ ,cont9uation s*ools receiv$ fre% /imulus & importance f an entirely new ,code deal+ ) !m sep>ately4 ,its decl>$ aim 0 to give #8fre$om to manag]s 9 ! organisation ( _! s*ools' by (f]+ a wide *oice ( subjects ) sugge/$ syllabuses 9 "s subjects4 ,! aims ( ^! s*ools 7 n[ decl>$ to be tw(old3--7#a7 to supply defects 9 e>ly elem5t>y in/ruction2 7#b7 to prolong ! g5]al education ( ! s*ol>1 & comb9e ) x "s =m ( int]e/+ employm5t4 ,! effect ( ?is new ,code 0 rem>kable4 ,! total numb] ( s*ol>s on ev5+-s*ool regi/]s increas$ f #aae1jjj 9 #ahib-ahic to #bff1jjj 9 #ahic-ahid4 ,no less important 0 ! *ange 9 ! "* ( ! "w4 ,to a great ext5t x has become second>y1 al?\gh prim>y in/ruction is /ill necess>y = _m pupils1 :o are remov$ e>ly f ! day-s*ool & h sp5t ! int]val 9 purely me*anical occupations4 ,ev5+-s*ools h to cont5d aga9/ sev]al ob/acles4 ,*ief among !m is ! dim9i%$ fitness = receiv+ in/ruction aft] ! fatigues ( ! day's "w4 ,?is seems to v>y ) diff]5t p]sons1 & to be l>gely a matt] ( temp]am5t1 sometimes ( habit4 ,! majority ( p]sons c]ta9ly "w bett] 9 ! day-"t4 ,ano!r difficulty is ! irregul> att5dance due to ! abs5ce ( compulsion & ! lack ( special inducem5ts4 ,no?+ b ! intr9sic attractiv5ess ( ! class w induce mo/ pupils to /udy any o!r subject ?an ^? practical ones1 l %or?&1 ma!matics1 etc41 :i* may help !m to e>n a bett] liv+4 ,! fram]s ( ! ,code1 recognis+ ?is1 sugge/$ ! introduction ( popul> elem5ts 9 ! %ape ( #8lant]n illu/rations1 music1 manual "w1 discussion ( "s book :i* has be5 read by ! class1 field naturali/ or sket*+ clubs1 gymna/ics or o!r employm5ts ( a m or less recreative "*4' #8,= _m ( ^! purposes grants _c be giv51 b provid$ t ! manag]s take c>e t at lea/ "o h\r at ea* meet+ is devot$ to ! tea*+ ( ! subjects m5tion$ 9 ,article #b ( ?is ,code1 & t ! in/ruction is sy/ematic & ?or\gh1 e arrangem5t = mak+ ! s*ool attractive %\ld be c>efully consid]$4' ,! subjects recognis$ by ! ,code range f ! elem5t>y ones1 practically ! ?ree ,r's1 ov] languages & sci5ces1 comm]cial & miscellane\s subjects1 draw+1 dome/ic economy1 cook]y1 laundry "w & dairy-"w1 & ne$lework4 ,inde$1 x w\ld be h>d to f9d a subject n includ$1 always except+ lit]ature1 t /ep-daught] ( ,engli% s*ools4 ,ev5 ?is is n[ be+ taught "u ! ,london ,bo>d4 ,! sci5tific & te*nical subjects br+ ! s*ools into competition ) te*nical in/itutes1 ) ! result t 9 "s t[ns !re is an undue rivalry betwe5 ! v>i\s educational ag5cies4 ,to obviate ?is1 ! ,sci5ce & ,art ,dep>tm5t has drawn up a new regulation1 recognis+ an organisation = ! promotion ( second>y education 9 any c\nty or c\nty bor\gh 9 ,engl& z ! local au?ority = adm9i/]+ ! ,sci5ce & ,art grants 9 its own di/rict4 ,z _m t[ns o!r ?an c\nty bor\ghs h classes work+ = ! grants ( ! ,dep>tm5t1 ?is arrangem5t is only p>tially helpful1 & !re is /ill mu* undue rivalry4 ,:]e ?is prevails x usually falls to ! lot ( ! ,s*ool ,bo>d to attract ! y\ng] & m casual /ud5ts1 a class t is n altoge!r welcome at ! m s]i\s ,in/itute4 ,hi!rto ! "w ( ! ev5+-s*ool has be5 ( necessity m or less desultory2 & ( ! two ag5cies = prolong+ ! education ( our work+-class *ildr51 ! high] grade s*ool seems z yet to answ] be/4 ,t ! o!r plan has possibilities is prov$ by ! example ( ,g]many & ! success ( our own ,polyte*nic classes4 ,a def9ite place = ! ev5+-s*ool may yet be f\nd 9 our sy/em4 ,meantime ! s*ool bo>ds hold out ! opportunities & invite1 ?\gh !y _c compel1 ! multitude to come 94 ,! improvem5t 9 ! day-s*ool w give a fre% impetus to ! ev5+-s*ool4 ,?is mu* at lea/ x is safe to prophesy4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,int]m$iate ,,s*ools ,,( ,,wales ,a l& ( m\nta9s seems to be a l& ( ideals4 ,sep>at$ by ! elem5t>y =ces ( nature f _m ( ! curr5ts ( life t fl[ beyond x1 ?r[n on itself1 its own res\rces & its pa/1 x *]i%es its individuality ) a f]v\r unkn[n to ! p ( a pla94 ,ev5 ru?less mod]nity1 ) its complex tra9 sy/ems & m\nta9-bor+s1 s]ves b to invade its privacy1 n to *ange its "*4 ,patriotism is /rong]1 national feel+ m t5aci\s1 ! practical side ( life has man less firmly 9 its grip4 ,! ,wel% p1 ) _! pr\d claim to repres5t ! orig9al inhabitants ( ! isl&1 _! long roll ( /ory & leg5d1 _! #8e/rang+' language1 incompreh5sible a few miles across ! bord]1 are /ill a race ap>t4 ,nei!r ,saxon nor ,norman1 legislation nor int]c\rse1 has ev] be5 able to degrade !m into a m]e appanage ( ! ,engli% nation4 ,among ! ideals long *]i%$ "h 9 va9 by all classes1 0 t ( a national sy/em ( education4 ,x w\ld n be fair to describe ! c\ntry :i* produc$ ! sweete/ & be/-tra9$ s+]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 & c\ld organise & c>ry out su* elaborate musical & arti/ic competitions z ^? ( ! ,ei/$dfodd1 z :olly un$ucat$1 & yet until v rec5tly x 0 und\bt$ly lack+ 9 s*ools & colleges4 ,l ,engl&1 x b5efit$ by ! ,education ,act ( #ahgj1 :i* br\ght in/ruction to ! *ildr5 ( ! wage-e>n]s1 b x 0 ! class above ^!1 ! pr(essional & comm]cial1 ^: means or ^: patriotism =bade _! s5d+ _! sons & daught]s to ,engl&1 t felt ! defici5cy mo/ ke5ly4 ,drawn into ! /ir1 :i* 9 ,engl& foll[$ on #ahgj1 ,wales began to move on h] own l9es2 num]\s educational societies 7 />t$1 conf]5ces held1 & e ef=t made to fan ! feeble sp>k till x %\ld h /r5g? en\gh to k9dle public op9ion z well z private en?usiasm4 ,! c\ntry 0 too poor to supply its own ne$s by volunt>y ef=t4 ,= t v reason x (f]$ a useful field = exp]im5t4 ,ve/$ int]e/s 7 n num]\s2 !re 7 a few gramm> s*ools = boys2 b = girls only ?ree end[$ s*ools1 & "o propriet>y1 belong+ to ! ,girls' ,public ,day-,s*ool ,company4 ,private s*ools1 mo/ly ineffici5t1 fill$ "s ( ! gaps1 ! re/ rema9$ empty4 ,! la/ five ye>s h wr\ght a trans=mation4 ,?r\gh\t ! l5g? & bread? ( ,wales1 :e!r 9 l>ge t[ns or small1 !re may be se5 9 a conspicu\s spot1 look+ d[n on ! place f "s hill-top h>d by1 a grey /one build+1 :i* a l>ge bo>d in=ms u is ! local ,c\nty ,s*ool4 ,! pride ) :i* ! inhabitants po9t x out recalls ,am]ican en?usiasm2 to _m x is ! *ief sight ( ! place4 ,"h is ! goal on :i* _! hopes h be5 set = ye>s2 ^! s*ool build+s te/ify to atta9m5t4 #8,o =tunati quorum jam mnia surgunt1' we are tempt$ to exclaim4 ,?is trans=mation has be5 br\ght ab\t by ! ,wel% ,int]m$iate ,education ,act ( #ahhi1 itself ! outcome ( t same dep>tm5tal committee :i* recomm5d$ ! e/abli%m5t ( a ,wel% univ]sity4 ,its f9ancial contribution1 a half-p5ny rate1 & a ,treasury grant ( correspond+ am\nt1 w\ld 9 itself h be5 too meagre to produce mu* result1 b :5 9 ! foll[+ ye> ! ,local ,cu/oms & ,excise ,act 0 pass$1 x conta9$ a clause p]mitt+ ,wales to use its %>e ( ! money = purposes ( ,int]m$iate z well z ,te*nical in/ruction4 ,9 ?is way ! public res\rces1 i4e4 ! rate1 ! ,treasury grant1 & ! te*nical money1 c\ld be adm9i/]$ 9 "o fund1 & = ! g5]al purpose ( education1 ) no express exclusion ( lit]ature or culture4 ,! tiresome re/rictions1 ! ov]lapp+ ( au?orities1 f :i* we are /ill suff]+ 9 ,engl&1 7 nev] to be introduc$ into ,wales2 its v pov]ty prov$ its salvation2 !re 0 a tabula rasa on :i* no *>act]s _h be5 z yet inscrib$4 ,bo? on acc\nt ( its own ne$s1 & z an untri$ field = op]ation1 ,wales 0 *os5 z suitable gr\nd = an exp]im5t 9 second>y education1 at ! v mom5t :5 ! in/itution ( a fre% educational au?ority 9 ,engl& came to complicate exi/+ conditions yet fur!r4 ,x is an accusation (t5 br\ght aga9/ ,engli% education1 t we h no sy/em :i* looks well on pap]4 ,?is _c be said ( ,wales4 ,! sy/em !re is p]fectly simple4 ,x applies to ! :ole c\ntry1 & to girls & boys alike4 ,! money is rais$ f ?ree s\rces3-- #a4 ,a half-p5ny rate--! ,c\nty contribution4 #b4 ,a ,treasury grant1 equal to ! am\nt produc$ by ! rate--! ,treasury contribution4 #c4 ,! local %>e ( ! money f ! ,cu/oms & ,excise ,act--! ,ex*equ] contribution4 ,! educational unit is ! c\nty1 & ! gov]n+ body consi/s p>tly ( memb]s ( ! c\nty c\ncil1 repres5t+ ! sep>ate s*ool di/ricts1 p>tly ( memb]s *os5 by s*ool bo>ds1 univ]sity colleges1 etc4 ,a v few are co-opt$4 ,ea* s*ool also has its own body ( manag]s1 *os5 9 some:at simil> fa%ion f local bodies1 :ile ! c\nty c\ncil appo9ts "o ( ! memb]s s5t up to x f ea* di/rict to be its own repres5tative on t p>ticul> gov]n+ body4 ,! duties ( ! manag]s are *iefly conf9$ to c>ry+ out ! provisions ( s*emes1 & promot+ heal?y local int]e/ 9 ! s*ool1 = !y h little p[] ( initiative1 & n always ev5 ! *oice ( a headma/]4 ,all matt]s ( ess5tial importance1 e4g4 :e!r ! s*ools %all be sep>ate = boys & girls1 or mix$1 ! subjects ( in/ruction1 ! sal>y ( ! headma/]1 ! limits )9 :i* fees may be *>g$1 & ! proportion ( s*ol>%ips to be aw>d$1 are laid d[n 9 advance 9 ! c\nty s*eme1 :i* c only be alt]$ by appeal to ! ,*>ity ,commission]s4 ,! action ( bo? c\nty & di/rict bodies is !re=e conf9$ )9 v n>r[ limits1 too n>r[1 9 fact1 consid]+ ! exp]im5tal /age ( ! s*ools1 & ! unwisdom ( cry/allis+ initial mi/akes into p]man5t =m4 ,^! s*emes 7 drawn up1 subject to ! approval ( ! ,*>ity ,commission]s1 by ! ,jo9t ,education ,committees1 :i* receiv$ _! au?ority directly f ! ,act4 ,!y consi/$ 9 ea* case ( five p]sons1 ?ree nom9ees ( ! c\nty c\ncil1 & two p]sons #8well acqua9t$ ) ! condition ( ,wales & ! wants ( ! p4' ,?\gh ! int]e/s ( girls z well z boys _h to be consid]$1 few if any wom5 seem to h be5 on ^! committees1 & x is difficult n to connect ?is omission ) ! inju/ice ) :i* !y h1 9 _m cases1 be5 treat$4 ,?is 0 h>dly int5tional1 b x %\ld h be5 possible to negative at ! outset e proposal = mak+ a girls' s*ool a m]e subord9ate dep>tm5t ( ! boys4' ,^! committees 7 only tempor>y1 to exi/ until ! s*emes c\ld be float$1 & ! control h&$ ov] to ! c\nty gov]n+ bodies4 ,b !y l$ to ! =mation ( a p]man5t bo>d1 n contemplat$ by ! ,act4 ,frequ5t meet+s betwe5 gr\ps ( ^! committees1 ) a view to promot+ uni=mity ( action1 l$ to a s]ies ( g5]al conf]5ces at ,%rewsbury1 :i*1 ?\gh n 9 ,wales1 is ! mo/ conv5i5tly accessible po9t f nor? & s\?4 ,at a s]ies ( meet+s held "h1 x 0 decid$ to e/abli% a c5tral body1 & call ^u ! ,treasury to ackn[l$ge x z ! c5tral au?ority = inspection & exam9ation1 & = ! paym5t ( ! ,gov]nm5t grant to ! v>i\s c\nties4 ,aft] ! usual negotiations & delays1 a s*eme e/abli%+ ! ,bo>d 0 approv$ by ! ,*>ity ,commission]s1 & became law 9 #ahie4 ,9 ?is in=mal mann] orig9at$ :at has practically become ! second>y education au?ority = ,wales4 ,! ,bo>d consi/s ( eighty memb]s1 repres5tative ( v>i\s local & educational bodies3 ! ,pr9cipals ( ! ?ree ,wel% colleges1 tw5ty-"o repres5tatives ( c\nty c\ncils1 tw5ty-six ( c\nty gov]n+ bodies1 five ( headma/]s & mi/resses ( int]m$iate s*ools1 five ( c]tificat$ tea*]s 9 public elem5t>y s*ools1 ?ree ( c\ncils ( univ]sity colleges1 ?ree ( ! s5ates1 two ( ,jesus ,college1 ,ox=d1 six ( ! c\rt ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,wales1 & six co-optative memb]s1 ?ree ( :om mu/ be wom54 ,! bulk ( ! "w devolves on ! executive committee ( fifte54 ,! e/abli%m5t ( ?is ,c5tral ,bo>d m>ks ! completion ( ! ,wel% second>y sy/em4 ,x furni%es a l9k betwe5 all ! c\nties & s*ools1 & ex]cises ov] ^! t g5]al sup]vision :i*1 9 ! initial /ages1 _h devolv$ on ! ,*>ity ,commission]s4 ,s9ce ! subjects to be taught _h be5 prescrib$ by ! ,act g5]ally1 & by ! s*emes specially1 ! duties ( ! ,c5tral ,bo>d 7 n s mu* to lay d[n a s*eme ( /udies1 z to see t ! c\rse already prescrib$ 0 duly foll[$1 t ea* s*ool 0 9 a /ate ( g5]al & educational effici5cy1 & t ! provisions ( ! s*emes 7 obs]v$4 ,= ^! purposes !y arrang$ a sy/em ( inspection & exam9ation4 ,! ,act _h def9$ int]m$iate education z #8a c\rse ( education :i* does n consi/ *iefly ( elem5t>y in/ruction 9 read+1 writ+1 & ari?metic1 b :i* includes in/ruction 9 ,lat91 ,greek1 ! ,wel% & ,engli% language & lit]ature1 mod]n languages1 ma!matics1 natural & appli$ sci5ce1 or 9 "s ( su* /udies1 & g5]ally 9 ! high] bran*es ( k1' & ! s*emes fix$ m precisely :i* ( ^! 7 to be 9 ea* case compulsory4 ,! ,glamorgan s*eme1 :i* is 9 _m respects typical1 prescribes geography1 hi/ory1 ,engli% gramm>1 composition1 & lit]ature1 draw+1 ma!matics1 ,lat91 at lea/ "o mod]n language1 natural sci5ce1 vocal music1 drill or o!r physical ex]cise1 & su* o!r sci5tific or te*nical subjects1 includ+ %or?&1 z ! s*ool manag]s may det]m9e4 ,scripture is n obligatory1 b if includ$1 x mu/ be taught by a memb] ( ! /aff4 ,"s manual in/ruction mu/ also be (f]$ ! boys1 & a little cook]y to ! girls1 b1 z is inevitable1 :]e ! programme is already ov]load$1 ?is side ( ! "w takes a v subord9ate place4 ,9 all s*ools ,wel% mu/ be taught z an optional subject2 9 a /at$ few ,greek may be introduc$4 ,b ev5 )\t ^! additions1 ! compulsory curriculum is a v heavy "o1 :5 x is borne 9 m9d t a l>ge proportion ( pupils come f ! elem5t>y s*ools1 :]e ! girls1 at any rate1 h be5 hi!rto conf9$ to read+1 writ+1 ari?metic1 & ne$lework1 ) possibly a little ,fr5* & dome/ic economy4 ,ev5 ,engli% hi/ory & geography are unfamili> gr\nd4 ,! aim ( ! ,wel% ,int]m$iate1 z ( ! ,engli% ,high ,s*ools1 is to give a lib]al education *eaply 9 day-s*ools2 b !re is "o ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 !m4 ,:ile ! high s*ool is an organis$ :ole1 lead+ ! pupils by g5tle gradations f ! prim>y dep>tm5t to ! l[] s*ool1 & !nce on to ! upp]1 ! int]m$iate s*ool receives no pupils bel[ ! age ( t54 ,s9ce ! majority are betwe5 twelve & sixte51 !y break up naturally into two classes1 accord+ z !y h receiv$ _! prelim9>y tra9+ at a public elem5t>y s*ool or else:]e4 ,?is division is by no means s %>ply def9$ 9 ,wales z 9 ,engl&4 ,wales is bo? poor & democratic1 & incl9es to ! doctr9e1 famili> 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 t no /igma %\ld atta* to att5dance at a s*ool support$ out ( ! rates1 s9ce ! p>5ts d 9 fact contribute t[>ds ! exp5ses1 ?\gh indirectly4 ,h5ce we f9d a mixture ( class 9 bo? elem5t>y & int]m$iate s*ools1 :i* 9 ,engl& w\ld be nei!r possible nor desirable4 ,! omission ( ! prim>y dep>tm5t 9 ! new s*ools is 9 fact delib]ate4 ,!re is already "o k9d ( s*ool assi/$ out ( public funds & accessible to all1 & x is !re=e n ?\ght necess>y to subsidise prim>y in/ruction 9 ano!r set ( in/itutions4 ,! int]m$iate s*ool is s con/itut$ z to fit /raight on to ! elem5t>y1 & 9 ea* s*ool a c]ta9 proportion ( s*ol>%ips mu/ fall to elem5t>y pupils4 ,9 accordance ) ! op9ion ( _m au?orities t ! transplant+ f an elem5t>y to a second>y s*ool1 always a difficult process1 %\ld n take place too late1 ! admission age & requirem5ts are put l[1 & ! int]m$iate s*ool is suppos$ to bran* (f f ! elem5t>y at ab\t ! fif? /&>d4 ,9 ,wales1 :]e pov]ty & de>? ( educational opportunities h induc$ _m p]sons ( middle rank to make use ( ! free public s*ools1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two sets ( pupils is by no means s /rongly m>k$ z x w\ld be 9 ,engl&1 b ev5 "h s*ools h two diff]5t *>act]s1 accord+ z "o or ! o!r ( ^! elem5ts pr$om9ates4 ,9 a di/rict :]e ! population is l>gely indu/rial1 ! l[e/ possible tuition fee is *os51 & ! l>ge/ possible am\nt ( s*ol>%ips giv5 to elem5t>y pupils4 ,?us "o s*eme requires t n less ?an t5 p] c5t4 & n m ?an ?irty p] c5t4 ( ! pupils 9 ea* s*ool1 %all hold s*ol>%ips1 & at lea/ half ( ! numb] aw>d$ %all g to pupils f public elem5t>y s*ools1 b !re is no?+ to prev5t ! :ole numb] f be+ s giv54 ,9 fact1 sev]al s*ools h m s*ol>%ips ?an c&idates = !m4 ,accord+1 !re=e1 to ! int]pretation ( ! clause adopt$1 ! elem5t>y s*ol>s 9 a s*ool ( a hundr$ may v>y f five--! m9imum1 to ?irty--! maximum4 ,9 ! latt] class ( s*ool1 ! fees are usually l[ en\gh to attract pay+ pupils f ! elem5t>y s*ools2 h5ce ^! furni% a majority ( ! pupils1 & ! s*ool becomes a cont9uation1 (t5 a f9i%+-s*ool = elem5t>y pupils1 _m ( :om /ay "o ye>1 sometimes only a t]m or two1 to get :at pre/ige !y c f att5dance at a s*ool ( a high] grade ?an ! "o to :i* !y h be5 accu/om$4 ,^? t rema9 = two ye>s or long] usually d well1 if _! heal? is /rong en\gh to be> ! sev]e /ra94 ,! o!r classification into sep>ate & mix$ s*ools is apt to co9cide ) ?is di/9ction4 ,( ! eighty-f\r s*ools n[ 9 exi/5ce1 !re are tw5ty = boys & tw5ty = girls1 :ile ! rema9+ =ty-f\r are mix$4 ,?is :olesale adoption ( a pr9ciple popul> 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b reg>d$ hi!rto askance by ,engl&1 9 common ) o!r ,european c\ntries1 is due1 z 9 ,scotl&1 to ! =ce ( necessity4 ,x is n z a c\nsel ( p]fection1 b z a means ( economy1 t ! plan has be5 adopt$ 9 ,wales4 ,9 a c\ntry int]sect$ by m\nta9s1 & inadequately suppli$ ) means ( locomotion1 :]e di/ances %\ld1 z 9 ,switz]l&1 be c\nt$ by h\rs & n by miles1 access to places t look ne> en\gh on ! map is (t5 exce$+ly difficult2 & x is useless to plant a l>ge s*ool-build+ 9 a c5tral di/rict 9 ! hope ( draw+ 9 pupils f a radius ( a few miles4 ,! alt]native lay betwe5 frequ5t small day-s*ools & a lib]al spr9kl+ ( bo>d+-s*ools4 ,! =m] c>ri$ ! day1 on ! gr\nd t !y 7 m equitable to ratepay]s1 & m democratic4 ,9 almo/ e c\nty1 ! committee adopt$ ! m exp5sive & tr\blesome plan ( e/abli%+ & ma9ta9+ a l>ge numb] ( small s*ools1 & mo/ ( ! difficulties ) :i* ,wel% int]m$iate education has to cont5d are due to t decision4 ,9 "s places !re are s*ools ( =ty1 or ev5 less1 difficult to f9ance & to organise4 ,^! might "w = a ye> or two1 b z pupils /ay$ on & began to range f ! ,fif? ,/&>d s*ol> at "o end to ! ,matriculation /ud5t at ! o!r1 ) all ! v>y+ int]m$iate grades1 failure became inevitable4 ,"o rem$y 9 ! case ( ^? small s*ools :i* 7 n ri* en\gh to provide a lib]al /aff = small classes1 0 to arrange f ! fir/ to mix ! boys & girls1 ?us facilitat+ ! grad+ by increas+ ! numb]s 9 ea* class4 ,9 ?is way bett] results c\ld be obta9$ ) small means1 at any rate z f> z class li/s & exam9ation /ati/ics 7 conc]n$4 ,ow+ to ! difficulties ( grad+1 ?is sy/em is be+ gradually introduc$ 9 _m places :]e x 0 n orig9ally contemplat$2 b ! typical ,wel% s*ool1 accord+ to ! fir/ plan1 0 ! dual4 ,?is 0 to consi/ ( two di/9ct s*ools1 "o = boys & "o = girls1 built side by side1 9 su* a way t !y might h assembly hall1 gymnasium1 laboratory1 etc41 9 common1 & by ! economy ?us effect$ 9 site1 build+s1 app>atus1 etc41 x 0 hop$ t ! effici5cy ( small s*ools w\ld be ma9ta9$4 ,un=tunately1 ! advocates ( ?is sy/em w5t a /ep fur!r1 & arrang$ to complete _! economies by appo9t+ a s+le head = bo? s*ools1 to take ! sup]9t5d5ce ( bo? boys & girls4 ,obvi\sly ?is head mu/ be a man4 ,?\gh "s s*emes conta9 ! words #8headma/] or head-mi/ress1' x is at once expla9$ to fem99e applicants t ! words are a m]e matt] ( =m4 ,inde$1 x w\ld be f> bett] to omit !m4 ,! mo/ ard5t advocates ( wom5's equality w\ld h>dly propose to give a mi/ress full au?ority ov] boys ( twelve to sev5te54 ,h[ev] excell5t fem99e influ5ce may be 9 a boys' s*ool1 no "o wants to see x supreme !re4 ,?\gh p>am\nt mascul9e influ5ce 9 a girls' s*ool is any?+ b desirable1 x seem$ ! less] ( two evils2 & bo? cu/om & conv5i5ce po9t$ to ! selection ( a ma/]4 ,?is initial inju/ice pav$ ! way = _m o!rs4 ,?\gh mo/ s*ools appo9t a s5ior mi/ress1 :o is suppos$ to h a g5]al control ov] ! girls1 x is out ( ! manag]s' p[]1 :5 once !y h made ! headma/] supreme1 to make h] position "o ( any au?ority4 ,l all ! re/1 %e is appo9t$ by ! headma/]2 %e has no place 9 ! s*eme1 nor /atus 9 ! s*ool1 except :at may be giv5 h] by c\rtesy4 ,%e has no voice 9 *oos+ h] assi/ants1 nor 9 mak+ ! "t-table2 h] position is (t5 inf]ior to t ( a second mi/ress 9 an ,engli% high s*ool4 ,?is k9d ( dual s*ool 0 a new exp]im5t1 & x _c be pron\nc$ a successful "o4 ,:]e ! two dep>tm5ts 7 kept di/9ct1 except = an occasional int]*ange ( tea*]s1 ! real difficulties ( classification 7 n obviat$2 & "o set ( manag]s aft] ano!r took ! f9al /ep1 avail+ !mselves ( ! p]mission accord$ 9 mo/ s*emes1 to #8make arrangem5ts = boys & girls be+ taught toge!r 9 all or any ( ! classes4' ,! =ms are !n mix$ ?r\gh\t1 & assign$ 9 turn to m5 & wom5 tea*]s4 ,"h ! s5ior mi/ress loses ev5 h] semblance ( au?ority1 & ! s*ool is "u ! supreme & undi/urb$ sway ( ! headma/]4 ,:at numb] ( s*ools h already tak5 ?is f9al /ep is n[h]e def9itely /at$1 b1 z f> z c be asc]ta9$1 x appe>s to be a majority4 ,x is 9 fact ! logical outcome ( ! dual plan1 & s9ce ! t5d5cy ( ! *ange is to dim9i% ! proportion ( girls1 we may look ^u ^! s*ools z organis$ = boys1 b admitt+ girls z well4 ,! :ole "q ( co-education is s exce$+ly difficult t x is un=tunate t ,wel% educationali/s %\ld h be5 compell$ to add x to ! numb] ( complex problems ) :i* !y _h already to deal4 ,! small s*ools h necessitat$ ?is among o!r problems4 ,its w>me/ advocates d n d5y t x makes discipl9e m difficult3 con/ant sup]vision becomes necess>y2 boys & girls h to be kept ap>t out ( class1 & an attempt1 usually doom$ to failure1 is made 9 "s s*ools to control ! walk home4 ,! fre] int]c\rse1 ! elem5t ( tru/1 & ! bright out-(-s*ool life1 :i* 9 ,engl& h come to be consid]$ z important a "p ( a second>y s*ool z ! ,ma!matics or ,lat9 taught !re1 h little *ance ( developm5t 9 ! mix$ s*ool4 ,t valuable moral impetus giv5 by ! direct & con/ant int]c\rse betwe5 ! ma/] & boys1 mi/ress & girls1 is miss+4 ,?us !y lose :at is (t5 ! be/ effect ( s*ool life ^u our boys & girls3 ! s*ools become places ( m]e in/ruction1 n education2 !y are b elem5t>y s*ools ) advanc$ subjects 9 ! curriculum2 rivals1 & n always successful ones1 ( ! high] grade4 ,( c\rse ?is is n solely due to ! co-education s*eme1 b x has t5d$ fur!r to emphasise ! social diff]5ce betwe5 ! two classes ( s*ools1 & also to put wom5 at a disadvantage 9 ,wel% education1 :i* c\ld h>dly h be5 contemplat$ by ! orig9al promot]s4 ,yet n[ t ?is arrangem5t has be5 fix$ by s*eme & made fa/ by y>ds ( r$-tape1 x mu/ rema9 z x is1 until "s en]getic b& ( re=m]s %all arise det]m9$ to end x4 ,b t _c be z yet4 ,! second class1 ! di/9ct s*ools = boys & girls1 resemble our ,engli% high s*ools2 9 fact ,swansea1 "o ( ! mo/ successful1 0 actually f\nd$ by ! ,girls' ,public ,day-,s*ool ,company1 & tak5 ov] by ! ,int]m$iate ,bo>d4 ,! money suppli$ by ! c\nty grant makes up = ! dim9ution ( ! fees1 & ! "w proce$s ) little *ange4 ,c>diff is also organis$ on ! l9es ( a high s*ool1 ) ! *ief intellectual "w 9 ! morn+1 consid]able att5tion to games & physical tra9+1 & a lib]al all[ance ( tea*]s4 ,9 ^! sep>ate s*ools ! fees range f ab\t #e to #i1 be+ slightly l[] ?an ^? ( ! correspond+ s*ools 9 ,engl&4 ,! all[ance ( mi/resses to pupils is adequate1 ! elem5t>y s*ol>s are a small proportion1 n en\gh to set ! :ole tone ( ! s*ool4 ,9 ! mix$ or dual s*ool ! fees are usually l[1 sometimes ev5 z little z #b p] annum1 s*ol>%ips are m num]\s1 & ! spr9kl+ ( s*ol>s f o!r ?an elem5t>y s*ools is v small4 ,bo? k9ds ( s*ools d\btless h _! use1 ?\gh _! aims are v diff]5t4 ,) all ^! v>ieties ( organisation & "*1 ! s*ools h a unify+ influ5ce 9 ! g5]al control ( ! ,c5tral ,bo>d1 s9ce all are subject to its exam9ation & inspection4 ,! latt] is und]tak5 by ! ,*ief ,inspector1 :o visits ea* s*ool 9 ! c\rse ( ! ye>1 & reports specially on ! foll[+ heads-- #a4 ,"*1 suitability1 & capacity ( s*ool premises4 #b4 ,s*ool furniture & app>atus4 #c4 ,facilities = recreation & physical tra9+4 #d4 ,! relation betwe5 ! adm9i/ration ( s*ools & ! s*emes "u :i* !y are e/abli%$4 #e4 ,! organisation ( classes4 #f4 ,! s*ool discipl9e4 #g4 ,c\rses ( in/ruction4 ,if a s*ool prove defici5t 9 any ( ^! respects1 ! manag]s receive a w>n+ f ! ,bo>d t future neglig5ce w entail a dim9ution ( ! grant4 ,?is is a useful *eck1 & a =m ( paym5t by result :i* c only d good1 = x c\nt]acts t uneconomical =m ( economy1 :i* decl9es to sp5d on prop] build+ & app>atus & sal>ies4 ,an elem5t ( control :i* requires m c>eful ex]cise is ! ?reat ( a dim9i%$ grant1 %\ld a s*ool fail to d well 9 ! annual exam9ation4 ,?is1 :i* is conduct$ by ! ,c5tral ,bo>d1 0 9 ! fir/ place inspectional1 & 0 meant to give ! s*ools ! necess>y outside impulse4 ,9 ord] to c>ry out ! pr9ciple ( lett+ ! exam9ation foll[ ! tea*+ in/ead ( ! tea*+ ! exam9ation1 ea* s*ool 0 invit$ to s5d up its own syllabus ( "w done1 b ?is l$ to s mu* ne$less exp5se1 s9ce !re 7 z _m z fifty-?ree ,lat9 pap]s set 9 "o ye>1 t "s k9d ( uni=mity became indisp5sable4 ,! pres5t regulations prescribe t only pupils :o h be5 a full ye> 9 a s*ool %all be pres5t$ = ! writt5 exam9ation1 & 9 at lea/ five subjects4 ,=ms :i* d n take pap]s are exam9$ orally 9 "o or o!r ( ! subjects /udi$ dur+ ! s*ool ye>4 ,! s*eme be>s "s resemblance to ! s*ool exam9ations ( ! ,jo9t ,bo>d1 b a new feature is ! te/ 9 languages ( #8ability to read flu5tly1 intellig5tly1 & correctly1 passages *os5 f prep>$ & unprep>$ texts4' ,! pap]s set are ( v>y+ grades ( difficulty1 & ! s*ools *oose :i* !y w take4 ,?us 9 ,lat9 !re 7 sev5 pap]s set 9 #ahih1 ( :i* ! f\r? is suppos$ to be equival5t to ! /&>d ( ! ,wel% ,matriculation4 ,n _m pupils are likely to g beyond ?is1 s9ce ! s*ools are di/9ctly prep>atory to ! univ]sity colleges1 :i* a matriculat$ pupil c ent]4 ,if ?is /&>d %\ld 9 a few ye>s be rea*$ by a fair proportion ( pupils 9 ea* s*ool1 ! int]m$iate sy/em c claim to be successful1 = x w be accompli%+ its av[$ purpose1 to c>ry its pupils f ! ,fif? ,/&>d to ! ,con/itu5t ,college ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,wales4 ,= pupils :o aim at ! ,wel% ,matriculation ^! annual te/s %\ld be suffici5t1 b exp]i5ce %[s t !re is a t5d5cy to aim at results e>li] 9 ! s*ool c>e]2 & ! *aos ( ext]nal exam9ations1 f :i* _m ,engli% s*ools are n yet completely emancipat$1 %\ld be a w>n+ to ,wales to be wise 9 "t1 & f ! beg9n+ conc5trate ef=ts on ! same l9es4 ,?is seems to be be/ effect$ by foll[+ ! example ( ! ,jo9t ,bo>d1 & comb9+ s*ool exam9ations ) ! aw>d+ ( c]tificates4 ,a s*eme on ^! l9es is n[ 9 c\rse ( prep>ation1 & w probably come into op]ation 9 #ahii4 ,! subjects ( ! g5]al exam9ation are to be arrang$ 9 gr\ps3 ,a4 ,scripture & ,engli%2 ,b4 ,ma!matics2 ,c4 ,languages2 ,d4 ,sci5ce2 ,e4 ,practical subjects4 ,)9 c]ta9 limits a *oice is all[$ f ^! five gr\ps4 ,junior & s5ior c]tificates are to be aw>d$ on pap]s ( diff]5t grades ( difficulty4 ,! s5ior /&>d is to be c>efully approximat$ to t ( ,wel% ,matriculation1 9 ! hope t ! ,univ]sity may be will+ to accept x z an equival5t4 ,!re %\ld n be mu* difficulty ab\t ?is1 s9ce ! ,univ]sity ,c\rt is repres5t$ on ! ,c5tral ,bo>d1 & ! ,bo>d 9 its turn on ! ,c\rt1 s t v close & sympa!tic relations are ma9ta9$ betwe5 ! two bodies t h *>ge ( ! educational int]e/s ( ! c\ntry4 ,! next /ep w\ld be to w9 ackn[l$gm5t = x z a sub/itute = ! ,m$ical & o!r prelim9>ies1 & a fur!r /age w\ld be an ,hon\rs grade t might replace ! high] c]tificate ( ! ,jo9t ,bo>d z an admission exam9ation to ,engli% colleges1 & a sub/itute = ! ,previ\s & ,responsions4 ,ev5 ?is might 9 "t be atta9$1 & ! ,wel% ,bo>d w\ld !n h fulfill$ its mission ( mak+ "o s*ool /age lead h>moni\sly & naturally to ! next4 ,su* is ! s*eme z x pres5ts itself to ! m9ds ( ! promot]s1 :o look f> away beyond ! pres5t tr\bles ( small s*ools1 irregul> att5dance1 & inadequate funds1 & see 9 ! di/ant future ! glori\s fabric ( _! dreams3 "o sy/em ( s*ools = bo? boys & girls1 lead+ !m on /ep by /ep till !y are ready to ent] _! own colleges1 & !nce1 if m adv5tur\sly incl9$1 cross ! bord] & ask ! hospitality ( ! anci5t ,engli% univ]sities4 ,! ladd] 9 its wide/ acceptation is to be set up 9 ,wales1 s close to ! home ( e boy & girl t none may plead inaccessibility z an excuse = ! failure to m\nt4 ,& ?is sy/em is to be work$ by popul> bodies1 t\*+ at "o end ! local s*oolbo>d1 at ! o!r ! univ]sity colleges1 s t its f\ndations may be firm & la/+1 #8broad-bas$ ^u ! p's w4' ,su* is ! ideal2 h[ f> is x reflect$ by ! reality8 ,( actual results x is too soon to speak1 s9ce ! olde/ s*ool is n yet five ye>s old1 & ! numb]s 9 !m are s small t ! :ole eighty-f\r n[ 9 exi/5ce1 includ+ boys & girls1 h n toge!r z _m pupils z ! ?irty-f\r s*ools ( ! ,girls' ,public ,day-,s*ool ,company4 ,!re 7 _m difficulties to be met4 ,! gr\nd 0 new & unbrok51 ! mean+ ( second>y education1 except 9 s f> z x 0 express$ by a high] grade s*ool1 0 h>dly und]/ood by ! mass ( ! p4 ,"s s*ools won a too ha/y popul>ity1 ow+ to ! impression t !y 7 #8f9i%+' in/itutions = elem5t>y s*ol>s1 h5ce ! "o-ye> or "o-t]m pupils ( :om s mu* has be5 he>d4 ,?is mi/ak5 notion w be b sl[ly dispell$1 & x is n impossible t 9 a few ye>s' "t1 %\ld ! ,c5tral ,bo>d prove successful 9 its attempts to #8level up1' ! numb] ( s*ools may prove too l>ge = ! dem&4 ,_m boys & girls :o mu/ beg9 to prep>e = _! life "w at f\rte5 or fifte5 w\ld be bett] (f 9 a high] grade s*ool ?an /ruggl+ to f9d _! dep? 9 ^! new wat]s4 ,! elim9ation ( ^! w\ld prove no s]i\s loss1 & x w\ld cle> ! gr\nd = a fair] treatm5t ( ^? pupils1 :e!r f elem5t>y or o!r s*ools1 :o are really able to pr(it by second>y education4 ,! ,wel% sy/em _c be consid]$ complete :ile s _m ( ! well-to-d & educat$ classes hold alo(1 help+1 x is true1 ) money & sympa?y1 b s5d+ _! *ildr5 to be educat$ across ! bord]4 ,:o %all blame !m = n (f]+ up _! own boys & girls z corpora vilia8 ,yet1 until ! s*ools c (f] some?+ to su* pupils z well1 !y mu/ rema9 "o-sid$4 ,/ill1 ) all its flaws1 & !y are n a few1 ! sy/em has some?+ to tea* ,engl&4 ,! love ( k1 not$ ev5 9 ! days ( d>kness1 ! will+ness to make sacrifices1 ev9c$ by gifts ( l& & money to new s*ools1 ! ke5 int]e/ 9 _! welf>e felt by all grades ( ! community1 & ! abs5ce ( t class jeal\sy :i* t5ds to *eck ! spread ( popul> education 9 ,engl&--all ^! we %\ld d well to note1 & copy if we c4 ,!n we may be prep>$ to ?ank ,wales = tea*+ u bo? :at to d & :at to avoid4 ,,*apt] ,,xii #ahih ,su* is 9 brief ! /ory ( ! la/ half-c5tury1 #ahdh to #ahih4 ,look+ back on :at is 9 ! ma9 a l9e ( progress1 !re seems n[ & !n a *eck1 "h & !re a retrograde movem5t "u ! guise ( a new discov]y4 ,all ?is is inevitable1 s9ce we are b human4 ,b tak+ ! p]iod z a :ole1 none c d\bt t x m>ks a v real advance2 & ?is end ( a c5tury seems a fitt+ "t to pause & re/ on our o>s1 :ile we survey ! break]s ?r\gh :i* we h pass$2 !n once m set =? on our onw>d pa?1 assur$ t !re c be no?+ worse be=e u ?an :at is already beh9d4 ,x is n only = girls' education t ! revival has come4 ,a g5]al awak5+ has pass$ ov] ! c\ntry3 m5 & wom51 boys & girls1 ri* & poor1 ! lady ( leisure & ! h>d-work+ me*anic1 all h _h some?+ br\ght )9 _! rea* t =m]ly belong$ only to ! few4 ,?ree ye>s ago ^! ga9s 7 summ>is$ 9 conv5i5t =m by ! ,royal ,commission on ,second>y ,education1 appo9t$ #8to consid] :at are ! be/ me?ods ( e/abli%+ a well-organis$ sy/em ( second>y education 9 ,engl&1 tak+ into acc\nt exi/+ defici5cies1 & hav+ reg>d to su* local s\rces ( rev5ue f end[m5ts or o!rwise z are available1 or may be made available1 = ?is purpose4' ,ev5 n[ ! c\ntry is wait+ = legislation on ! f9d+s ( t ,commission4 ,:5 we rememb] t we h really be5 wait+ ev] s9ce #ahfg1 we d n feel ov]-sangu9e ( results2 b happily ev5ts h s9ce !n mov$ 9 _m directions1 & ! ,commission1 be=e proce$+ to recomm5dations = ! future1 0 able to draw up a long li/ ( re=ms t _h already come ab\t & *ang$ ! :ole face ( education 9 ,engl& 9 less ?an ?irty ye>s4 ,fir/ 9 ord] ( "t /&s ! ,end[$ ,s*ools ,act1 :i* did s mu* = boys1 & rescu$ some?+ f ! spoils = ! b5efit ( girls4 ,next came ! ,elem5t>y ,education ,act1 :i* br\ght prim>y in/ruction )9 ! rea* ( e boy & girl 9 ! l&1 & set a new ma*9]y 9 motion de/9$ to *ange ! :ole face ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 #ahhh ! in/itution ( c\nty c\ncils provid$ t local au?ority :i* 0 to make a sy/em ( dec5tralisation 9 education possible1 :ile ! ,te*nical ,in/ruction ,acts ( #ahhi & #ahia & ! ,local ,cu/oms & ,taxation ,act ( #ahij at once br\ght ^! new p[]s into play1 & orig9at$ a fre% set ( educational in/itutions 9 ! ,polyte*nics & o!r simil> colleges4 ,la/ly1 ! ,wel% ,int]m$iate s*ools1 e/abli%$ by ! ,act ( #ahhi1 7 provid+ an object-lesson 9 ! organisation ( second>y education4 ,besides ?is public "w1 ! ,commission _h to take cognisance ( ! enorm\s *anges 9 ! education ( girls1 due to ! wide diffusion ( ,high ,s*ools & ! admission ( wom5 to ! ,univ]sities4 #8,!re has probably be5 m *ange 9 ! condition ( ! second>y education ( girls ?an 9 any o!r dep>tm5t ( education1'#ai say ! ,commission]s1 & !y also note t #8! idea t a girl1 l a boy1 may be fitt$ by education to e>n a livelihood1 or1 at any rate1 to be a m useful memb] ( society1 has become m widely diffus$4' ,v>i\s o!r *anges came "u _! cognisance3 ! gradual rise ( ,high] ,grade s*ools1 evolv+ !mselves ?r\gh inh]5t necessity ) no impulse & little enc\ragem5t f )\t2 ! _m attempts at :at has be5 call$ ,cont9uative education by means ( ev5+ classes2 ! help af=d$ to l>ge numb]s by ,univ]sity ,ext5sion2 ! improv$ /atus ( ! tea*]s2 ! v>i\s colleges e/abli%$ = _! tra9+1 & ! _m educational societies :i* h gr[n into p[]ful =ces dur+ ! la/ tw5ty ye>s4 ,aft] tak+ due note ( all ?is1 !y decl>e t ! "t has come to weld ^! v>i\s organisms into "o consi/5t :ole4 ,!y anticipate no easy task4 #8,! gr\nd ( second>y education is already almo/ cov]$ ) build+s s sub/antial t ! loss to be incurr$ 9 cle>+ x = ! erection ( a new & symmetrical pile _c be contemplat$4 ,yet ^! exi/+ build+s are s ill-arrang$1 s ill-connect$1 & s inconv5i5t1 t "s s*eme ( recon/ruction seems unavoidable4'#bj ,?is t\*es ! key ( ! situation4 ,! recon/ruction mu/ at any rate beg9 ) adaptation1 !n ! gaps may be fill$ ) new & conv5i5t edifices4 ,h[ev] mu* su* a plan (f5ds our notions ( ord] & logic1 we d well to rememb] t e "o ( ^! /ructures1 j]ry-built ?\gh !y may be1 has gr[n up out ( "s real ne$2 & be=e we propose to fit all _! t5ants into neat little model dwell+s1 x behoves u to be q sure t su* a plan w\ld be z satisfactory 9 ! work+ z x looks on pap]4 ,! m]e fact t ( ! girls receiv+ second>y education 9 ,engl& sev5ty p] c5t41 & ( ! boys ?irty-eight p] c5t41 are 9 private s*ools1 (t5 9 t[ns :]e !re are gramm> & high s*ools ) pl5ty ( empty places1 %\ld make ! advocates ( ru?less innovation pause & /ay _! h&4 ,! public mu/ 9 ! la/ resort det]m9e :at x wants1 & ?\gh dem& sometimes foll[s supply1 ! opposite process is a con/ant "o4 ,h[ev] mu* !ori/s may inveigh1 accord+ to _! special prejudices1 aga9/ high] grade or #8private adv5ture' or any o!r k9d ( s*ool1 ! fact ( _! successful exi/5ce1 ev5 9 ! face ( rivals1 %[s t !y d supply a want2 & ! only prud5t c\rse is to f9d !m a place 9 our sy/em4 ,?is has be5 fully recognis$ by ! ,commission]s1 :o wisely sugge/ proce$+ on l9es simil> to ^? on :i* elem5t>y education 0 at fir/ organis$4 ,! local au?ority propos$ 9 #ahfg c n[ be easily con/itut$1 s9ce we h ! c\nty c\ncils to supply a nucleus to :i* educational exp]ts c be add$1 z is already done on "s te*nical in/ruction committees & 9 ! ,wel% c\nty gov]n+ bodies4 ,! local au?ority w\ld proce$ #8to inquire h[ f> ! s*ools )9 its area provide second>y in/ruction adequate 9 quantity & quality to ! ne$s ( ea* "p ( t area4' ,9 do+ ?is1 reg>d is to be _h to propriet>y & private z well z end[$ & o!r public s*ools1 & ! report adds ! foll[+ significant comm5t3 #8,we are f> f desir+ to see second>y education pass :olly "u public control1 & into ! h&s ( ^? :o are practically public s]vants1 z elem5t>y education has done1 & we believe t :]e propriet>y or private s*ools are f\nd to be do+ good "w1 x w\ld be fooli% z well z unfair to try to drive !m out ( ! field4'#ba ,:]e ! supply ( second>y education is defici5t 9 any "p ( ! area1 ! local au?ority %\ld h p[] to e/abli% new s*ools4 ,! functions ( ^! au?orities are !re=e to fall "u f\r heads-- #a4 ,! secur+ a due provision ( second>y in/ruction4 #b4 ,! remodell+1 :]e necess>y1 & sup]vision ( ! work+ ( end[$ 7o!r ?an non-local7 s*ools & o!r educational end[m5ts4 #c4 ,a wat*ful survey ( ! field ( second>y education1 ) ! object ( br++ propriet>y & private s*ools into ! g5]al educational sy/em1 & ( endeav\r+ to enc\rage & facilitate1 s f> z ?is c be done by /imulus1 by p]suasion1 & by ! (f] ( privileges & advice1 any improvem5ts !y may be incl9$ to introduce4 #d4 ,! adm9i/ration ( su* sums1 ei!r aris+ f rates levi$ )9 ! area1 or paid ov] f ! ,national ,ex*equ]1 z may be at its disposal = ! promotion ( education4 ,9 ?is way ^! local au?orities w\ld receive l>ge p[]s ( sup]vision1 b comp>atively little co]cive control1 s9ce #8x is n s mu* by sup]s$+ z by aid+ & focuss+ volunt>y ef=t t real progress may be made4' ,! g5]al guidance & direction ( second>y education %\ld be committ$ to a c5tral au?ority1 to include ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( ,gov]nm5t n[ conc]n$ ) x4 ,fur!r recomm5dations are3 ! consolidation ( exi/+ s\rces ( rev5ue into "o fund2 & a g5]\s s*eme ( s*ol>%ips = ! poor1 9 pref]5ce to a g5]al l[]+ ( s*ool fees4 ,^! ma9 recomm5dations1 z well z o!r subord9ate ones1 seem wise & mod]ate1 fair to all classes1 & consi/5t ) _! pr(ess$ aim1 #8to draw ! outl9es ( a sy/em :i* %all comb9e ! maximum ( simplicity ) ! m9imum di/urbance ( exi/+ arrangem5ts4' ,a bill drawn up on ^! l9es w\ld probably meet ) v g5]al acceptation f all classes1 except ^? p]sons1 probably few1 :o are ready to subord9ate ! g5]al good to _! own private fads4 ,un=tunately ,p>liam5t has hi!rto prov$ unwill+ to give "t = su* a bill4 ,! ill-fat$ ,education ,bill ( #ahif dealt ) second>y education z a sort ( accessory to prim>y2 & z1 unlike ! latt]1 x has n yet become a subject = p>ty divisions & acrimoni\s controv]sy1 x is n at pres5t suffici5tly int]e/+ to ! g5]al run ( politicians to call =? any special ex]tions on _! "p4 ,! private bill br\ght 9 la/ session by ,colonel ,lockwood express$ ! wi%es ( a l>ge section ( ! tea*+ pr(ession4 ,x propos$ to =m "o c5tral educational au?ority "u ! ,committee ( ! ,privy ,c\ncil on ,education1 by consolidat+ p[]s relat+ to second>y education possess$ by ! ,*>ity ,commission]s1 ! ,sci5ce & ,art ,dep>tm5t1 & ! pres5t ,education ,dep>tm5t1 & to e/abli% local second>y education au?orities1 to consi/ p>tly ( memb]s ( ! c\nty c\ncil & p>tly ( o!r p]sons ) special educational exp]i5ce4 ,x also proposes regi/]s ( effici5t s*ools & ( p]sons qualifi$ to tea* 9 !m4 ,! m9i/]ial bill introduc$ by ! ,duke ( ,devon%ire into ! ,h\se ( ,lords at ! fag-end ( ! session m]ely propos$ to br+ toge!r 9 "o (fice ! two dep>tm5ts ( ,sci5ce & ,art & ,education1 "u ! control ( "o p]man5t secret>y1 & to create a ,bo>d ( ,education on ! model ( ! ,bo>d ( ,trade4 ,to ?is new dep>tm5t ! sup]vision ( end[$ s*ools1 "u s*emes fram$ by ! ,*>ity ,commission]s1 0 to be transf]r$4 ,! ?orny que/ions ( con/itution ( local au?orities1 rais+ ( rates1 etc41 7 left unt\*$4 ,x 0 n propos$ to c>ry ! measure1 m]ely to %[ ! c\ntry be=e ! vacation ! l9es on :i* ! ,m9i/ry 7 incl9$ to proce$4 ,?orny z are _m ( ! po9ts "u discussion1 su* z c5tral & local au?ority1 amalgamation ( exi/+ dep>tm5ts1 etc41 !y are z no?+ to ! real difficulties t mu/ foll[ :5 ^! matt]s ( adm9i/rative ma*9]y are settl$4 ,! inspection & grad+ ( s*ools1 ! due consid]ation t mu/ be %[n to second>y education prop] & to t "p commonly kn[n z te*nical1 ! prop] respect = exi/+ s*ools t are good & ! ru?less elim9ation ( su* z are bad--9 ^! lies ! true crux ( ! situation1 & "u all circum/ances "s "p ( ?is "w w probably fall to ! local au?orities4 ,an enorm\s am\nt ( responsibility mu/ devolve on ^? :o fir/ take up ! ardu\s task4 ,"o burn+ "q1 :i* ought to be settl$ = ! :ole c\ntry alike1 is ! relation betwe5 ! gramm> & high s*ools on ! "o h&1 & ! elem5t>y s*ools on ! o!r4 ,are we to h "o upp] dep>tm5t = bo?1 or two8 ,"s "t ago ! cons5sus ( op9ion seem$ to be 9 fav\r ( "o2 t 0 on ! assumption t ! proportion ( *ildr5 pass+ beyond ! /&>ds w\ld be a small "o4 ,"s su* idea seems to h be5 9 ! m9d ( ! ,duke ( ,devon%ire :5 he spoke ( #8a s\nd sy/em ( second>y s*ools :i* w be op5 alike to ! mo/ promis+ *ildr5 ( ! elem5t>y s*ools & to ! middle classes g5]ally4' ,b ?is view re/s on ! assumption t ! prim>y dep>tm5ts ( bo? sets ( s*ools are v simil> 9 _! curriculum & me?ods4 ,?is is v f> f be+ ! case4 #8,! elem5t>y s*ools are n1 "u ! pres5t conditions 9 ,engl&1 ! common basis ( second>y education1 nor1 ?\gh an increas+ numb] ( pupils proce$ f !m to second>y s*ools1 are ! public elem5t>y s*ools ! sole1 nor1 inde$1 ! *ief *annels ?r\gh :i* pupils proce$ 9 ?is c\ntry to day or bo>d+-s*ools ( ! second>y grades4'#bb ,! *anges t w\ld be necess>y 9 ! elem5t>y s*ools w\ld be s num]\s & f>-rea*+1 & ! exp5se s enorm\s be=e !y w\ld be able to attract ! great mass ( ! middle classes1 t no "o c\ld s]i\sly propose to aboli% ! prim>y dep>tm5ts 9 second>y s*ools1 z long z p>5ts are able & will+ to pay ! s*ool fees4 ,!y are a necessity1 & w\ld h to be suppli$ by private adv5ture1 z is done at ,c>diff & o!r l>ge ,wel% t[ns1 if a public sy/em decl9$ to ackn[l$ge !m4 ,9 ! int]e/ ( :at we might call ! #8second>y p>ty1' ! prim>y dep>tm5t ( ! second>y s*ool mu/ be ma9ta9$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! tea*]s 9 ,gov]nm5t s*ools seem equally unanim\s 9 ! view t _! own special cont9uation s*ools are bett] suit$ to ! mass ( elem5t>y pupils ?an ! gramm> or high s*ool4 ,nei!r p>ty seems anxi\s = ! fusion1 & s long z a lib]al s*eme ( s*ol>%ips is ma9ta9$1 x is possible to d full ju/ice to ^? elem5t>y s*ol>s :o c look =w>d to a s*ool life suffici5tly long to enable !m to rea* ! highe/ classes ( _! new s*ool4 ,to all[ pupils to ent] ^u an ext5sive & lib]al curriculum1 :o are likely to be remov$ be=e its real mean+ & unity has dawn$ ^u !m1 is a ?+ we %\ld nev] ev5 contemplate1 7 our notions ( curricula & grades ( s*ools a little less hazy ?an !y are at pres5t 9 ,engl&4 ,! bo>d s*ool *ild1 :o is s5t at ! age ( ?irte5 by h] pr\d p>5ts to h a ye>'s f9i%+ at a high s*ool1 is typical ( ! pres5t confusion4 ,!re is really no m urg5t problem be=e u ?an a sci5tific diff]5tiation ( s*ools4 ,/ill1 :atev] c\rse legislation may take on ?is & o!r problems1 :e!r funds are rais$ by fre% rate or m]ely by add+ toge!r exi/+ s\rces ( income1 no matt] :at are ! con/itution & functions ( ! local au?ority1 ?is1 at lea/1 we may rely on--! int]e/s ( girls w n be =gott54 ,= t we h to ?ank t little b& ( m5 & wom5 :o h lab\r$ dur+ ?is la/ half c5tury 9 ! face ( prejudice1 opposition1 & indiff]5ce to remove ! neglect ) :i* ,engl& treat$ "o half ( h] *ildr54 ,?is mu*1 at lea/1 is e/abli%$3 no future educational legislation w omit to provide = wom5 & girls4 ,= ?is we h a pl$ge 9 ! appo9tm5t ( wom5 on ?is la/ ,commission1 9 _! m5tion 9 e s*eme = a new educational in/itution t n[ passes ?r\gh ,p>liam5t1 & _! recognition on e new elective body con/itut$4 ,we h ga9$1 ga9$ imm5sely4 ,/ill1 we _c bl9d our eyes to "s evils ! good has br\ght ) x4 ,! v ackn[l$gm5t ( ! "r ( girls to z good an education z _! bro!rs has 9 "s cases1 happily r>e1 l$1 "u ! pret5ce ( equality1 to a subord9ation ( ! girls' int]e/s4 ,?us1 "s ( ! rec5t attempts to e/abli% jo9t s*ools = bo? sexes1 :e!r on ! gr\nds ( economy or ! fanciful plea ( imitat+ ! family life 9 a l>ge s*ool ( ov] a hundr$ *ildr51 does indirectly involve a fre% inju/ice4 ,:at ! re=m]s ask$ = 0 a %>e 9 educational funds = girls & a bett] education = ! tea*]s1 t !y might be qualifi$ to und]take ! v highe/ tea*+ 9 girls' s*ools4 ,! attempts rec5tly made 9 "s s*ools aid$ by public money to economise by tea*+ boys & girls toge!r1 aboli%+ ! head-mi/ress & putt+ a headma/] ov] boys & girls alike1 :ile arrang+ ! curriculum & "t-table to meet ! ne$s ( ! boys & lett+ ! girls d ! be/ !y c ) x1 is only a revival1 "u a new guise1 ( ! old idea1 t girls are n entitl$ to ! same consid]ation z boys4 ,our mod]n re=m]s w n f9d _! occupation gone :ile !y h ?is old prejudice to combat4 ,x is unju/ to ! tea*]s z well z to ! taught4 ,hi!rto x has be5 almo/ univ]sally ackn[l$g$ t tea*+ 0 an occupation = :i* wom5 7 by nature specially suit$4 ,is x really propos$ to ou/ !m f all b ! l[e/ ranks1 & res]ve ! prizes1 ! *ief inducem5t to "w1 = m5 only8 ,?is is :at mu/ happ51 %\ld !re be any wide spread ( ! mix$ s*ools4 ,) ! disappe>ance ( ! head-mi/ress we %\ld lose mu* ( t moral tra9+ :i* has hi!rto be5 reg>d$ 9 ,engl& z no less important ?an ! intellectual & physical4 ,we h hi!rto prid$ ourselves on be+ 9 advance ( ,g]many 9 employ+ wom5 to tea* ! highe/ classes 9 our girls' s*ools4 ,g]many is n[ beg9n+ to foll[ suit1 & by means ( special c\rses at "s ( ! univ]sities & at ! ,victoria-,lyceum1 ,b]l91 "s ( ! be/ mi/resses are be+ tra9$ to take ^! po/s4 ,surely we 9 ,engl& d n int5d1 )\t a /ruggle1 to take ! retrograde pa?6 ,!re seems to be ano!r dang] imm95t1 due1 p]haps1 to ! great spe$ ) :i* ev5ts h mov$4 ,at any rate1 we h l&$ ourselves 9 a dilemma4 ,! educational movem5t has be5 p>allel ) _m social *anges4 ,! fluctuations ( bus9ess1 ! l[]+ ( int]e/1 & o!r complex causes :i* make sav+ difficult to m5 engag$ 9 bus9ess or pr(essions1 h add$ greatly to ! numb] ( wom5 :o mu/ n[ e>n _! liv+4 ,?irty ye>s ago x 0 ! cu/om to wait till ! fa!r's dea? clos$ ! p>5tal home1 :5 ! daught]s1 untra9$ to "w1 unaccu/om$ to privation1 7 s5t out into ! _w1 to seek _! bread z be/ !y c\ld4 ,s g5]al 0 ?is practice ev5 among ! m enlight5$1 t ! committee :o help$ to f\nd ,que5's ,college express$ _! belief & hope t #8! ranks ( t pr(ession 7i4e4 ( a gov]ness7 w /ill be suppli$ f ^? ^: m9ds & temp]s h be5 discipl9$ 9 ! s*ool ( adv]sity1 & :o are ?us be/ able to =m ! m9ds & temp]s ( o!rs4' ,we are no long] su* /]n believ]s 9 adv]sity2 we n[ realise t tra9+ & e>n+ _c beg9 simultane\sly1 &1 fur!r1 we h le>nt t nei!r = ,adam nor = ,eve %\ld "w be acc\nt$ a curse4 ,all ?is has l$ to a great revolution 9 ?\ght4 ,"w has be5 made hon\rable 9 ! eyes ( girls4 ,already at s*ool !y are enc\rag$ to *oose a pr(ession & to take ! /eps t lead to x mu* z _! bro!rs d4 ,if !y m>ry1 ! ye>s ( regul> discipl9$ "w prove a helpful tra9+ = _! new duties2 if !y rema9 s+le1 !y keep a purpose & an aim 9 life4 ,?is exi/5ce ( regul> duty1 ( appo9t$ p]iods ( "w & holiday1 is ! easi] life2 & n[ t remun]ative employm5t has come to be reg>d$ z a privilege & n a /igma1 ! ranks ( wom5 work]s are fa/ be+ ov]fill$4 ,we h he>d mu* talk ( late ab\t new c>e]s = wom52 b ! v abundance ( ! talk s]ves to betray ! pov]ty ( ! l&4 ,( new c>e]s !re are few4 ,9 "s cases x only means t ! "w is transf]r$ f a man to a woman at a l[] wage4 ,?is is no economic ga9 to ei!r sex4 ,! field %\ld be op5 to bo? alike1 b = equal paym5t4 ,!re are also a consid]able numb] ( occupations :i*1 if n p]=m$ by wom51 w\ld rema9 undone1 or be done less well4 ,su* are nurs+1 c]ta9 bran*es ( m$ical "w & ( factory & sanit>y inspection1 "s k9ds ( j\rnalism1 ! tea*+ ( almo/ all girls & ( little boys1 to say no?+ ( ! wide field ( manual & dome/ic occupations :i* fall specially to ! woman's %>e4 ,l>ge fields ( philan?ropic & social "w are _! own special doma91 b ^! are usually unpaid4 ,!re is pl5ty 9 tru? = wom5 to d1 b n en\gh remun]ative "w #8to g r\nd1' z ! say+ is4 ,happily1 ! work+ life ( _m wom5 is %ort1 s9ce m>riage or ! claims ( relations (t5 br+ x to a premature close1 s t ! t]rible ov]-supply has n yet made itself too ke5ly felt4 ,z yet ! suff]]s h be5 *iefly ^? ( ! old s*ool :o ent]$ ! ar5a un>m$ = ! fray1 & h retir$ to swell ! ranks ( ! #8necessit\s g5tlewoman4' ,b signs are n want+ t ev5 ! tra9$ & ! capable w soon h to suff]4 ,wor/ ( all is ! pressure 9 ! tea*+ pr(ession4 ,! delight ( ! en?usia/ & ! *ild-lov]1 x is also1 un=tunately1 ! refuge ( ! de/itute & ! "o res\rce ( ! unimag9ative4 ,! girl :o has dilig5tly & successfully pursu$ h] own /udies )\t ev] le>n+ to take an initiative or to turn out ( an appo9t$ groove c contemplate no o!r way ( sp5d+ h] life ?an 9 pass+ on to o!rs ! k %e has h]self acquir$4 ,if h]s is a ri* home1 sal>y is no p>ticul> object4 ,s %e ru?lessly spoils ! m>ket = h] poor] si/]s1 & takes ! bread f ano!r woman ^: v exi/5ce dep5ds on h] e>n+s4 ,meantime ! "w 9 ! home1 among acqua9tances1 ! poor1 ! fri5dless1 ! native t[n1 ^? endless & v>i$ fields ( woman's lab\r1 rema9s undone4 ,9 prea*+ to our girls ! nobility ( "w1 "s ( u h =gott5 to speak ( its v highe/ bran*es4 ,all hon\r to ^? noble wom5 l ,miss ,cl\gh :o nev] did =get x6 ,?is ru% ( all wom5 9 ! same direction1 ?is excessive individualism :i* has giv5 rise to ! cant phrase1 #8liv+ "o's own life1' is surely a /age ?r\gh :i* we h to pass1 b :i* ne$ n rema9 p]man5tly ) u4 ,mu* may be done by mi/resses at s*ool to revive ! dignity ( home life1 to *eck ! untrue notion 9 ! girls' m9d t no "w is wor?y ( ! "n unless x is paid = 9 co9 ( ! realm4 ,unpaid s]vice is ! pride ( ,engli%m52 :y %\ld x n be hon\r$ by ,engli%wom58 ,/ill1 = mo/ s]vice money is ! fitt+ rew>d1 & "s measure ( indep5d5ce belongs by "r to e adult1 :e!r man or woman4 ,:y d n m p>5ts try to make life at home a wor?y sub/itute = a pr(essional c>e]8 ,:y n pay ! daught] a fair sal>y = s]vices r5d]$1 t %all make h] z indep5d5t 9 ! matt] ( pocket-money & holidays z h] college fri5d :o is tea*+ or writ+8 ,j z important is a c]ta9 lib]ty ( action & a little room1 no matt] h[ small1 :]e %e c see h] fri5ds undi/urb$ & h ?+s h] own way4 ,^? p]sons :o are ri* en\gh to leave _! daught] a fair income at _! dea? c surely af=d to all[ h] ^! little indulg5ces 9 _! lifetime4 ,if %e is "s day to be ?r[n on ! _w p5niless or ) a m]e pittance1 !n ! soon] %e sets to "w ! bett]4 ,:5ev] x is possible1 p>5ts %\ld make up _! m9ds1 be=e a girl leaves s*ool1 :at sum ( money c be laid aside = h]1 ei!r = imm$iate pr(essional tra9+ or ) a view to an income 9 ! future4 ,x is reasonable & "r t a girl1 l a boy1 %\ld *oose h] pr(ession1 provid$ ! occupations ( home are includ$ among ^? t are paid & respect$4 ,if ! gr[+ indep5d5ce ( girls helps to br+ ab\t ?is *ange1 ! family too w b5efit by ?is quiet revolution t has tak5 place 9 our mid/4 ,! ,/urm und ,drang p]iod w pass away1 & ! "t = ! quiet h>ve/ mu/ succe$ x4 ,en\gh1 !n1 has be5 said by ! devil's advocate2 x only rema9s to ent] into ! fruits ( our ,n9ete5? ,c5tury ,r5aissance4 ,,index ,ab]y/wy? ,college1 #f1 #i1 #aj4 ,addison's ,essays1 #aj4 ,aldeburgh ,girls' ,s*ool1 #afj4 ,all51 ,james1 ,girls' ,s*ool1 #if1 #aia4 ,aske's ,s*ool1 ,hat*am1 #aja4 ,a/ell1 ,m>y1 #h1 #i1 #aj4 ,bangor ,college1 #ada1 #ade4 ,beale1 ,miss1 at ,que5's ,college1 #cj2 at ,*elt5ham1 #cj2 gives evid5ce be=e ,s*ools' ,inquiry ,commission1 #cc1 #db1 #he2 an educational pione]1 #ch2 h] ab/ract ( ! ,royal ,commission's ,report1 #dh2 h] views on private tea*+1 #ec2 f\nds ,/4 ,hilda's1 ,ox=d1 #abb4 ,b$=d ,college1 #bg1 #bh1 #bi1 #aba1 #abh1 #abi1 #acj1 #aca4 ---- end[m5t1 #ha1 #ij1 #ib1 #ic1 #ie4 ---- ,high ,s*ool1 #ic1 #id1 #ie1 #ace4 ---- ,mod]n ,s*ool1 #ic1 #id1 #ie4 ,birm+ham end[m5ts1 #hj1 #ij1 #ia4 ,blue-/ock+ ,club1 #aa4 ,bo>d ( ,education ,bill1 #bdj4 ,bo>d+-h\ses1 #aeb1 #aec1 #aff4 ,bo>d+-s*ools1 #adi1 #aej1 #afa1 #afb4 ,bodi*on1 ,madame1 #ci1 #dj1 #hd1 #ajg4 ,bo/ock1 ,miss1 #bh1 #hd4 ,bryce1 ,mr41 #dg1 #hd4 ,buss1 ,miss1 at ,que5's ,college1 #cj2 gives evid5ce be=e ,s*ools' ,inquiry ,commission1 #cc1 #db1 #he2 an educational pione]1 #ch2 ,presid5t ( ,s*oolmi/resses' ,association1 #dh2 trans=ms ! ,nor? ,london ,collegiate into a public s*ool1 #he2 procures end[m5t = x1 #hf1 #hg4 ,buss1 ,frances ,m>y1 ,s*ools1 #hg1 #hh4 ,cambridge ,exam9ations1 ,junior & ,s5ior1 #cc1 #cd1 #dj1 #da1 #ea1 #aji1 #afg4 ---- ---- ,high] ,local1 #cd1 #ea4 ---- position ( wom5 at1 #aac1 #aad1 #abf4 ---- ,triposes op5$ to wom51 #aaj1 #aaa1 #aab4 ,camd5 ,s*ool1 #hg1 #aia4 ,c>diff ,college1 #ada1 #ade4 ,c>e]s op5 to wom51 #afb1 #afc1 #bdf4 ,*apone1 ,mrs41 #aa4 ,*>itable ,tru/s ,acts1 #hc4 ,*>ity ,commission1 #hc1 #ajj1 #ajb1 #agd4 ,*elt5ham ,ladies' ,college1 #cj1 #ca1 #cb1 #cc1 #cd1 #ce1 #cf1 #cg1 #ec1 #id1 #ace1 #aec4 ,*ri/'s ,hospital ,girls' ,s*ool1 #hj1 #ig4 ,*ur* ,s*ools' ,company1 #eh1 #ei4 ,city ( ,london ,girls' ,s*ool1 #ajb4 ,cl]gy ,daught]s' ,s*ools1 #ag1 #ah4 ,cl\gh1 ,miss1 #ch1 #di1 #ha1 #aji1 #aaf1 #bdg4 ,cobbe1 ,miss1 h] rem9isc5ces ( s*ool1 #ae1 #af4 ,co-education at ,univ]sity ( ,wales1 #agf2 at ,polyte*nics1 #agg2 9 ,organis$ ,sci5ce ,s*ools1 #ahg2 9 ,high] ,grade ,s*ools1 #bjf2 9 ,wel% ,int]m$iate ,s*ools1 #bbd1 #bbg4 ,college ,hall1 ,london1 #acd4 ,c\nty ,c\ncils1 educational "w (1 #agb1 #agg1 #bcg4 ,curriculum ( ,girls' ,s*ools1 #fg1 #ga1 #gb1 #ge1 #afb4 ,davies1 ,miss ,emily1 an educational pione]1 #ch2 ,secret>y to ,local ,exam9ation ,committee1 #dj2 gives evid5ce be=e ,s*ools' ,inquiry ,commission1 #db2 works to obta9 end[m5ts = girls1 #hd2 f\ndress ( ,girton1 #ajd2 ,mi/ress ( ,girton1 #ajh4 ,day ,s*ools1 #adi1 #aej4 ---- ---- at ,polyte*nics1 #ahd1 #ahe1 #ahf1 #ahg1 #ahh4 ,defoe on ,wom5's ,education1 #i1 #aj4 ,degrees = ,wom51 attempts to obta91 at ,cambridge1 #aaj1 #aac2 at ,ox=d1 #abj4 ,dome/ic ,economy ,s*ools1 #agh1 #agi1 #ahj1 #aha4 ---- ---- ev5+ classes1 #aha1 #ahb4 ,dual ,s*ools4 ,see ,wales4 ,edgewor?1 ,m>ia1 #ac1 #ad1 #ae4 ,education ,bill ( #ahif1 #bci2 ,colonel ,lockwood's1 #bdj4 ---- ,company1 #aeg4 ---- ,dep>tm5t1 #aif4 ,elem5t>y ,education ,act1 #ajj1 #bbe4 ,elizabe?4 ,see ,que5 ,elizabe?4 ,elizabe?an ,engl&1 #g1 #h4 ,end[$ ,s*ools be=e ! ,conque/1 #gh4 ,end[$ ,s*ools = girls1 #he1 #ia1 #ig1 #ajj2 ?ree grades (1 #ii4 ---- ---- assi/$ by grants ( ,te*nical ,education money1 #aia4 ,end[m5ts1 ( ,conv5ts1 #e2 ,association to promote _! application to ! ,education ( ,wom51 #hd2 _! di/ribution1 #ih2 %>e ( girls 91 #gi1 #hj1 #hd1 #ia1 #ig1 #ajb4 ,euphues1 #g4 ,ev5+ ,cont9uation ,s*ools1 #baa4 ---- ---- ---- ,code1 #bab1 #bac1 #bad4 ,ex-/&>d classes1 #aii4 ,fit*1 ,mr41 #dd1 #df1 #hd4 ,games = girls1 #aeb1 #aec1 #aee1 #aef1 #afd4 ,girls' ,public ,day ,s*ool ,company1 #ef1 #eg1 #ff4 ,girton ,college1 #ajf1 #ajg1 #ajh1 #aaj1 #aad1 #aae4 ,gov]nesses' ,b5evol5t ,in/itution1 #ba4 ,gramm> ,s*ools1 #f1 #h1 #hj4 ,grey1 ,mrs4 ,william1 #ed1 #ef4 ,high ,s*ools1 #ei2 diff]5ce betwe5 ,engli% & ,am]ican1 #fj2 g5]al features (1 #fa2 organisation1 #fb2 build+s1 #fc2 curriculum1 #gb2 me?ods ( tea*+ 91 #gc2 results on ! pupils1 #gc1 #gf1 #gg2 tra9+ ( ! tea*]s1 #gc2 aft] c>e]s ( ! girls1 #gg2 h\rs ( "w 91 #aeb2 _! relation to elem5t>y s*ools1 #bda4 ,high] ,grade ,s*ools1 #aii1 #bjj1 #bja1 #bjc2 at ,le$s1 #bjd1 #bje2 at ,c>diff1 #bjf2 ne$s ( girls at1 #bjg1 #bjh4 ,hilda1 abbess ( ,:itby1 #c4 ,hit*9 ,ladies' ,college1 #aje1 #ajf4 ,holl[ay ,college1 #ajb1 #aba1 #aca1 #acb1 #acc4 ,int]m$iate ,s*ools4 ,see ,wel% ,int]m$iate ,s*ools4 ,k+ ,edw>d's ,s*ools4 ,see ,birm+ham end[m5ts4 ,k+'s ,college1 ,ladies' ,dep>tm5t1 #ace4 ,lady ,m>g>et ,hall1 #aag1 #abj1 #aba1 #abc4 ,lecture-sy/em1 #be1 #gb1 #gc4 ,local ,cu/oms & ,taxation ,act1 #afi1 #bag1 #bce4 ,lockwood1 ,colonel4 ,see ,education ,bill4 ,mak9s1 ,mrs41 #i4 ,man*e/] ,high ,s*ool1 #hi4 ,manual tra9+1 #gd1 #aeh1 #aga4 ,m>y ,dat*elor ,s*ool1 #aja4 ,maurice1 ,f4 ,d41 #bb1 #bc4 ,mod]n ,s*ools = girls1 #ahi4 ,montagu1 ,mrs41 #aa4 ,montagu1 ,lady ,m>y ,wortley1 #aa4 ,m1 ,hannah1 #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 #afc4 ,national ,union = ! improvem5t ( ,wom5's ,education1 #ed1 #ee1 #ef4 ,newnham ,college1 #ajh1 #aji1 #aaj1 #aad1 #aae1 #aaf4 ,norman ,conque/1 effect on ,education1 #c4 ,nor? ,london ,collegiate ,s*ool1 #cc1 #ec1 #fd1 #fh1 #hg1 #ace4 ,nor? ( ,engl& ,c\ncil1 #dh1 #di1 #ej1 #ajh4 ,nunn]ies1 education giv5 91 #c1 #e4 ,organis$ ,sci5ce ,s*ools1 #ahg1 #bja1 #bjb1 #bjd4 ,ow5s ,college1 ,man*e/]1 #acf4 ,ox=d ,association = ! ,education ( ,wom51 #aaf1 #aag1 #aah1 #aai1 #abj1 #abc4 ,ox=d ,halls = ,wom51 #aaf1 #aag4 ,ox=d ,home ,/ud5ts1 #abc1 #abd4 ---- ,local ,exam9ations1 #dj1 #ej4 ---- ,position ( ,wom5 at1 #aah1 #aai1 #abj1 #abd1 #abf4 ---- ,univ]sity ,exam9ations1 #acb4 ---- & ,cambridge ,jo9t ,bo>d1 #ea1 #fh1 #fi2 ,high] ,c]tificate (1 #fi1 #gj1 #aaf2 ,l[] ,c]tificate1 #gj1 #ga4 ,p's ,palace1 #agd4 ,pfeiff] ,*>ity1 #ajb4 ,physical tra9+1 #ge1 #gf1 #aeh1 #aei1 #afj4 ,polyte*nics1 #agf1 #ahc1 #ahd1 #aid4 ---- ,batt]sea1 #agh1 #ahb2 ,bor\gh1 #agh2 ,reg5t ,/reet1 #agc1 #age1 #agg1 #agh4 ,private ,s*ools1 #afc1 #afd1 #aff1 #afg1 #afh1 #bdb4 ,que5 ,anne1 #aj4 ---- ,elizabe?1 #f4 ---- ,victoria1 #ah1 #ai1 #ba4 ,que5's ,college1 #bj1 #bb1 #bc1 #bd1 #be1 #bf1 #bde4 ,read+ ,s*ool1 #gi4 ,re=mation1 its effect on ,wom51 #e1 #f4 ,reid1 ,mrs41 #bg1 #bh4 ,r5aissance1 #f4 ,revis$ ,code1 #aig4 ,revival ( ,girls' ,education1 #a1 #ai1 #bdh4 ,ro$ean ,s*ool1 #aig4 ,s*ol>%ips at ,cambridge1 #aaf2 at ,ox=d1 #abc4 ---- ( ,te*nical ,education ,bo>ds1 #agh1 #aia1 #aib1 #aic4 ---- 9 ,wel% ,s*ools1 #bbc4 ,s*ool ,bo>ds1 #aig1 #aih4 ,s*oolmi/resses' ,associations1 #dh1 #di4 ,s*ools' ,inquiry ,commission1 #db1 #dc1 #dd1 #de1 #df1 #dg1 #eb1 #hb4 ,second>y ,education ,commission1 #aja1 #aih1 #bji1 #bbf1 #bcd1 #bce1 #bcg1 #bci4 ,sidgwick1 ,h5ry1 #ajh1 #aji4 ---- ,mrs41 #aji1 #aaf4 ,s9clair1 ,ca!r9e1 #af1 #ag4 ,sk9n]s' ,s*ool at ,/am=d ,hill1 #if1 #aja4 ,social ,sci5ce ,congress1 at ,glasg[1 #dj1 #hd2 at ,le$s1 #ed4 ,som]ville ,college1 #aag1 #abj1 #aba1 #abc4 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,dep>tm5t ( ,sci5ce & ,art1 #bjj1 #bja1 #bjb1 #bjc1 #bjh1 #bji1 #baj1 #bac1 #bad4 ,/4 ,hilda's1 ,*elt5ham1 #cf4 ---- ,ox=d1 #aag1 #abb1 #abc4 ,/4 ,hugh's ,hall1 #aag1 #abb1 #abc4 ,/4 ,leon>d's ,s*ool1 ,/4 ,&rews1 #id1 #aec1 #aed1 #aee1 #aef4 ,/4 ,paul's ,s*ool1 #gi4 ,/ate !1 its relation to ,education1 #aie1 #aif4 ,/u>t ,c\rt1 its influ5ce1 #h4 ,te*nical ,education ,acts1 #agj1 #aga1 #bce4 ---- ---- ,bo>ds1 #aij1 #bcg2 ,*e%ire1 #aij2 ,london1 #abi1 #age1 #agf1 #agh1 #aib1 #aic2 ,surrey1 #ahh4 ,univ]sities1 rise (1 #d2 admission ( ,wom5 to1 #ajc1 #adh2 at ,london1 #abg2 ,victoria1 #acf2 ,durham1 #aci2 ,wales1 #aci2 ,scotl& #adg2 ,irel&1 #adg2 =eign c\ntries1 #adg4 ,univ]sity ,college1 ,liv]pool1 #acf1 #acg4 ,univ]sity ,college1 ,london1 #bf1 #acd4 ---- ,colleges1 prov9cial1 #ace4 ---- ---- ( ,wales1 #adj1 #ada1 #adc1 #add4 ---- ,ext5sion1 beg9n+s (1 #di1 #ej4 ---- = ,wom51 #ajf1 #acc4 ---- ( ,london1 exam9ations = ,wom51 #ce2 degrees1 #ce1 #abf1 #abg1 #abh1 #abi1 #acb2 reorganisation1 #ace4 ,victoria4 ,see ,que5 ,victoria4 ---- ,univ]sity1 #acf4 ,wales1 ,univ]sity (1 #aci1 #adj1 #ada1 #adb1 #adc4 ,wel% ,int]m$iate ,education ,act1 #agj1 #bag1 #bce4 ---- ---- ,s*ools1 two k9ds (1 #bbc2 dual1 #bbe1 #bbf1 #bbg2 curriculum (1 #bbj1 #bba2 comp>$ ) ,high ,s*ools1 #bba1 #bbb2 fees1 #bbh2 pres5t condition (1 #bcb1 #bcc2 ,c\nty ,gov]n+ ,bodies #bah1 #bch2 ,jo9t ,education ,committees1 #bai2 ,c5tral ,bo>d1 #bbj1 #bbh1 #bbi2 its exam9ations1 #bcj #bca4 ,wel%1 ,miss1 #aaf4 ,we/field ,college1 #ajb1 #acj1 #aca4 ,:isky-money1 #agj1 #bag4 ,w9*e/] ,college1 #gh1 #gi4 ,wom5 tea*]s1 #bdd4 ,wotton1 #f4 ,wycombe ,abbey ,s*ool1 #aeg1 #aeh4 ,york%ire ,bo>d ( ,education1 ,ladies' ,honor>y ,c\ncil (1 #dh1 #hh4 ---- ,college1 ,le$s1 #acf1 #ach4 ,pr9t$ by ,t4 & ,a4 ,,con/able1 ,pr9t]s to ,h] ,maje/y at ! ,ed9burgh ,univ]sity ,press ----- ,footnote #a3 ,g4 ,hill1 ,wom5 9 ,engli% ,life4 ,footnote #b3 ,l4 ,eck5/e91 ,wom5 "u ,mona/icism4 ,footnote #c3 ,sir ,?4 ,ov]bury4 ,footnote #d3 ,m>y ,a/ell4 ,an ,essay 9 ,def5ce ( ! ,female ,sex4 ,footnote #e3 ,defoe4 ,essay on ,projects4 ,footnote #f3 ,mrs4 ,mak9s4 ,an ,essay to ,revive ! ,anci5t ,education ( ,g5tlewom51 #afgc4 ,footnote #g3 ,m>y ,a/ell4 ,a ,s]i\s ,proposal4 ,footnote #h3 ,hannah ,m4 ,/rictures on ,female ,education4 ,footnote #i3 ,! ,complete ,gov]ness4 ,a ,c\rse ( ,m5tal ,in/ruction = ,ladies4 ,footnote #aj3 ,autobiography ( ,frances ,p[] ,cobbe4 ,footnote #aa3 ,exam9]4 ,footnote #ab3 ,mr4 ,hammond's ,report4 ,footnote #ac3 ,a4 ,f4 ,lea*4 ,footnote #ad3 ,emily ,davies1 ,high] ,education ( ,wom54 ,footnote #ae3 ,special ,reports on ,educational ,subjects1 #ahif-ig4 ,footnote #af3 ,see ,h&book to ,c\rses ,op5 to ,wom5 9 ,briti%1 ,cont95tal1 & ,canadian ,univ]sities1 by ,isabel ,maddison1 ,b4,sc41 ,ph4,d4 ,footnote #ag3 ,9 "*1 n ( c\rse 9 size ,footnote #ah3 ,report ( ,royal ,commission on ,second>y ,education1 vol4 i4 p4 #ih4 ,footnote #ai3 ,report1 vol4 i4 p4 #ge4 ,footnote #bj3 ,report1 vol4 i4 p4 #a4 ,footnote #ba3 ,report1 vol4 i4 p4 #bgd4 ,footnote #bb3 ,preface to ,return ( ! ,pupils 9 ,public & ,private ,s*ools 9 ,engl&1 & ( ! ,tea*+ ,/aff 9 su* ,s*ools on ,june #a1 #ahig4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,new ,"o,volume ,novels4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 ea*4 ,by ,,ed5 ,,phillpotts4 ,*ildr5 ( ! ,mi/4 ,by ,,con/ance ,,smi?4 ,prison]s ( ,hope4 ,by ,,m>gu]ite ,,bryant4 ,a ,woman's ,privilege4 ,by ,,roma ,,:ite4 ,! ,isl& ( ,sev5 ,%ad[s4 ,by ,,e/h] ,,mill]4 ,! ,/4 ,cadix ,case4 ,by ,,francis ,,gribble4 ,sunlight & ,limelight4 ,by ,,basil ,,?omson4 ,! ,indiscretions ( ,lady ,as5a?4 ,by ,a4 ,e4 ,w4 ,,mason4 ,lawr5ce ,clav]+4 ,by ,,fr$ ,t4 ,,jane4 ,! ,lord%ip1 ! ,pass51 & ,we4 ,by ,,lady ,,hel5 ,,crav54 ,ka?>9e ,crom]4 ,by ,c4 ,m4 ,,campbell4 ,deilie ,jock4 ,! ,i/hmian ,libr>y4 ,illu/rat$1 po/ #hvo1 clo?1 #es4 a ,volume4 ,,vol4 ,i4 ,by ,b4 ,,flet*] ,,rob9son4 ,rugby ,football4 ,) ,*apt]s by ,,frank ,,mit*ell1 ,r4 ,h4 ,,cattell1 ,c4 ,j4 ,n4 ,,flem+1 ,,gregor ,,macgregor1 ,c4 ,b4 ,,ni*oll1 & ,h4 ,b4 ,,tri/ram4 ,,vol4 ,,ii4 ,by ,a4 ,c4 ,,pemb]ton1 ,mrs4 ,,h>c\rt ,,williamson1 ,c4 ,p4 ,,sisley1 & ,,gilb]t ,,floyd4 ,! 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mo/ delightful books ( mod]n travel 9 ,iran40--,scotsman4 ,by ,f4 ,h4 ,s4 ,,m]ewe!r4 ,?r\gh ! ,fam9e ,di/ricts ( ,india4 ,be+ an ,acc\nt by ,reut]'s ,special ,correspond5t ( 8 ,exp]i5ces 9 ,travell+ ?r\gh ! ,fam9e ,di/ricts ( ,india4 ,pr(usely ,illu/rat$4 ,demy #hvo1 clo?1 #afs4 ,by ,pr(essor ,w4 ,s4 ,,lawton4 ,! ,successors ( ,hom]4 ,be+ an ,acc\nt ( ! ,greek ,poets :o foll[$ f ,hom] d[n to ! "t ( ,aes*ylus4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 gilt top1 price #es4 ,eighte5? ,c5tury ,lett]s4 ,edit$ by ,r4 ,,brimley ,,johnson1 ) ,introductions by em95t s*ol>s4 ,illu/rat$ ) ,photogravure ,portraits ( ! writ]s4 ,cr[n #hvo1 half-p>*m5t1 gilt top1 price #fs4 ea* volume4 ,,swift1 ,,addison1 ,,/eele4 ,) an ,introduction by ,,/anley ,,lane ,,poole4 ,,johnson ,,& ,,*e/]field4 ,) an ,introduction by ,,george ,,birkbeck ,,hill1 ,d4,c4,l4 ,o!r ,volumes are 9 prep>ation1 & w be duly ann\nc$4 ,,rec5t ,,popul> #fs4 ,,novels4 ,by ,j4 ,c4 ,,snai?1 ,au?or ( 8,mi/ress ,doro?y ,m>v940 ,fi]cehe>t ! ,soldi]4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 8,mr4 ,snai? has giv5 u a romance t = t]se1 pregnant phras+1 exceptional "*1 & recurr+ & vivid depiction ( dramatic situation1 is ! be/ ?+ ( its k9d we rememb] to h se5 = a long "t40--,obs]v]4 ,by ,,max ,,pemb]ton4 ,*ri/9e ( ! ,hills4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 8,assur$ly he has nev] writt5 any?+ m fre%1 m simple1 m allur+ or m arti/ically p]fect40--,daily ,mail4 ,by ,,ed5 ,,phillpotts4 ,ly+ ,prophets4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 8,an excell5t novel4444 ,a piece ( s]i\s & admirable "w4444 ,n unwor?y ( a place ) ,george ,eliot's #8,adam ,b$e' & #8,mill on ! ,floss4'0--,pall ,mall ,gazette4 ,by ,,isabel ,,cl>ke4 ,! ,episode ( ,ale!a4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 8,! au?or deals ) admirable ta/e & tact ) ! situation4444 ,! /ory is "o ( high m]it f beg9n+ to end40--,scotsman4 ,by ,,e/h] ,,mill]4 ,! ,sport ( ! ,gods4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 8,x is v well told4444 ,! novel is excit+1 & pres]ves its int]e/ to ! end4444 ,excell5t /ory40--,a!num4 ,by ! late ,mrs4 ,j4 ,k4 ,,sp5d]1 ,au?or ( 8,?irte5 ,doctors10 etc4 ,! ,woo+ ( ,doris4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 8,has mu* to comm5d x to novel-read]s4 ,a clev] plot2 well-drawn *>act]s--su* are ! lead+ features ( a novel by :i* ! reputation ( its mu*-regrett$ writ] is fully su/a9$ to ! la/40--,_w4 ,by ,j4 ,c4 ,,snai?4 ,mi/ress ,doro?y ,m>v94 ,a ,romance ( ! ,glori\s ,revolution4 ,illu/rat$ by ,s4 ,,c[ell4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 8,! au?or has succe$$ 9 mak+ 8 /ory int5sely int]e/+4444 ,"o ( ! v be/ adv5ture /ories we h _h = a long "t pa/40--,speak]4 8#8,mi/ress ,doro?y ,m>v91' mo/ delightful & w9some ( wom51 & "o ( ! fre%e/ & mo/ unhackney$ h]o9es ^: acqua9tance we h _h ! pleasure ( mak+ = a v consid]able p]iod4444 ,mr4 ,snai? has a great gift ( obs]vation1 & 8 book is a rem>kable picture ( ! age x is int5d$ to depict40--,_w4 ,by ,,/anley ,,weyman4 ,my ,lady ,ro?a4 ,a ,romance ( ! ,?irty ,te>s' ,w>4 ,illu/rat$ by ,,john ,,williamson4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 8,no "o :o beg9s x w lay x d[n be=e ! end1 x is s extremely well c>ri$ on f adv5ture to adv5ture40--,saturday ,review4 ,by ,,frank ,,b>rett1 ,au?or ( 8,! ,admirable ,lady ,biddy ,fane40 ,a ,set ( ,rogues4 ,a ,romance ( ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury4 ,illu/rat$ by ,s4 ,,c[ell4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 8,he has relat$ ! adv5tures ( a set ( rogues 444 ) s pleasant a tongue & 9 su* attractive fa%ion t x is impossible = m]e fle% & blood to resi/ !m4 ,8 set ( rogues h won our entire sympa?y1 & 8 n>rative our he>ty approval40--,pall ,mall ,gazette4 8,ano!r capital /ory4444 ,/rongly recomm5d$4 ,/irr+ tale ?is1 )\t a dull *apt] 9 x1 & j en\gh human s5tim5t 9 x to s(t5 d[n ! rogu]y4444 ,let ! hone/ read] procure ! book40--,pun*4 ,by ,e4 ,f4 ,,b5son1 ,au?or ( 8,dodo40 ,limitations4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 8,mr4 ,b5son has writt5 an int]e/+ & truly human book4 ,8 range is mu* wid] ?an x 02 8 "*-draw+ has ga9$ 9 dep?1 delicacy1 & precision2 :ile ! sp>kl+ dialogue :i* we enjoy$ 9 #8,dodo' has lo/ none ( its old brilliancy40--,daily ,telegraph4 ,by ,,francis ,,gribble4 ,! ,l[] ,life4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 8,a v rem>kable novel1 well ?\ght out1 well su/a9$1 & inspir$ f fir/ to la/40--,national ,obs]v]4 ,by ,g4 ,b4 ,,burg94 ,tomalyn's ,que/4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 8,mr4 ,burg9 has j scor$ a second %9+ success ) #8,tomalyn's ,que/1' a tale ( ! ke5e/ int]e/40--,daily ,telegraph4 ,by ,w4 ,l4 ,,ald54 ,! ,my/]y ( ,elias ,g4 ,roebuck4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 8,mr4 ,ald5 has ! true gift ( hum\r4444 ,x is impossible to read ! collection ( %ort /ories )\t g5u9e enjoym5t40--,times4 ,by ,c4 ,r4 ,,col]idge & ,,hel5 ,,%ipton4 ,rav5/one4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 8,! love int]e/ ( #8,rav5/one' is tw(old1 & is admirably su/a9$ ?r\gh\t ?is bright1 vigor\s1 & refre%+ /ory40--,daily ,telegraph4 ,by ,x4 ,l41 ,au?or ( 8,aut ,diabolus aut ,nihil40 ,! ,limb4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 ,,mr4 ,,glad/one writes3 8,pray accept my ?anks4444 ,i 0 s imprud5t z to op5 x at once1 & s9ce t act h f\nd great difficulty 9 lay+ x d[n40 8#8,! ,limb' is unque/ionably "o ( ! mo/ fasc9at+ books ( ! season40--,birm+ham ,daily ,gazette4 ,by ,,roma ,,:ite4 ,a ,/ol5 ,mask4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 8,a capital /ory1 & ,mrs4 ,roma ,:ite tells x ) a delicate hum\r & a spontane\s brilliancy z r>e z !y are delightful4 #8,a ,/ol5 ,mask' is a novel t /&s high above ! av]age1 & c be /rongly recomm5d$4 ,x is a long "t s9ce we h come across any?+ s ?or\ghly fre% & bright40--,pall ,mall ,gazette4 ,by ,,francis ,,gribble4 ,! ,?+s t ,matt]4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 8,is an extremely psy*ological /udy40--,times4 8,x is a v amus+ novel1 full ( bright satire direct$ aga9/ ! new woman & simil> objects40--,speak]4 ,by ,g4 ,b4 ,,burg94 ,! ,judge ( ! ,f\r ,corn]s4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 8,a delightfully humor\s sket*1 full ( ! pure/ fun1 & irresi/ibly laughable40--,saturday ,review4 ,by ,,ed5 ,,phillpotts4 ,my ,laugh+ ,philosoph]4 ,illu/rat$ by ,,george ,,hut*9son4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 8,we comm5d to ! notice ( any "o want+ a good laugh #8,my ,laugh+ ,philosoph]1' ^: v>i$ "*-sket*es amply prove ,mr4 ,ed5 ,phillpotts to be end[$ ) ^? two excell5t gifts ( hum\r & imag9ation40--,spectator4 8,! book w be welcome to e "o :o likes a book f :i* a man c get a good laugh40--,scotsman4 ,by ,,leslie ,,kei?1 ,au?or ( 8,! ,*ilcotes10 8#8,lisbe?10 etc4 ,= ,love ( ,prue4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 8,plot & ,incid5t 9 ?is pres5t /ory are alike rem>kable 444 altoge!r we he>tily comm5d #8,= ,love ( ,prue' z a s5sible1 humor\s1 & ?or\ghly :olesome book40--,speak]4 ,by ,,doro!a ,,g]>d4 ,lot #ac4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 8,a bright1 buoyant1 & bu/l+ /ory1 ) pl5ty ( local col\r d]iv$ f ! sc5]y & ! society1 black & :ite1 ( a ,we/ ,indian plantation40--,times4 ,,sc>let ,,novels4 ,a ,,s]ies ,,( ,,popul> ,,novels ,,by ,,well-,,kn[n ,,au?ors4 ,cr[n #hvo1 uni=m sc>let clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ea* ,volume4 ,,an?ony ,,hope',s ,,society ,,novels4 ,com$ies ( ,c\rt%ip4 8,he is und5iably gay 9 ! be/ s5se ( ! ^w1 n[ & !n almo/ rollick+4 ,an admirable example ( :at we mean by gaiety 9 fictional lit]ature40--,daily ,telegraph4 ,half a ,h]o4 8,! book is delightful to read1 & an excell5t piece ( "w40--,/&>d4 ,mr4 ,witt's ,wid[4 8,a brilliant little tale4444 ,exhibits unborr[$ +5uity1 plausibility1 & f]tility 9 surprises40--,times4 ,by ,,max ,,pemb]ton4 ,a ,g5tleman's ,g5tleman4 8,?is is v mu* ! be/ book t ,mr4 ,max ,pemb]ton has s f> giv5 u40--,daily ,*ronicle4 ,by ,,ri*>d ,,pryce4 ,! ,burd5 ( a ,woman4 8,! conception & execution ( ?is int]e/+ /ory are excell5t4 ,a book to read & rememb] ) pleasure40--,lady's ,pictorial4 ,by ,c4 ,r4 ,,col]idge4 ,ame?y/4 8,extremely amus+1 int]e/+1 & brightly writt540--,gu>dian4 ,by ,f4 ,,frank=t ,,moore4 ,two 9 ! ,bu% & ,o!rs ,else:]e4 8,c>ry ! read] on f page to page till criticism is =gott5 9 enjoym5t40--,daily ,graphic4 ,by ,,roma ,,:ite4 ,pun*9ello's ,romance4 8,we give ,roma ,:ite ! w>me/ ( welcomes into ! _w ( fiction4444 ,admirably & irresi/ibly comic1 )\t any?+ 9 ! nature ( =ce or ev5 ( app>5t exagg]ation1 ready at ! lea/ mom5t to run into equally true pa?os40--,graphic4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes #a4 ,sil5tly correct$ typographical errors & v>iations 9 spell+4 #b4 ,ar*aic1 non-/&>d1 & unc]ta9 spell+s reta9$ z pr9t$4 #c4 ,enclos$ italics font 9 und]scores4