,transcrib] ,note ,text emphasis d5ot$ z ,italic & ,bold4 ,,f>m]s' ,,bullet9 #ffc ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,agriculture ,,drug ,,plants ,,"u ,,cultivation ,illu/ration ,?is ,bullet9 gives g5]al sugge/ions relative to ! culture1 h>ve/+1 di/illation1 yield1 m>ket+1 & comm]cial prospects = drug plants4 ,specific in=mation is also giv5 conc]n+ ! cultivation1 h&l+1 & yield ( individual species & ! dem& & prices paid = ! product4 ,! m>ket dem& = _m cultivat$ plant drugs is n l>ge en\gh to ju/ify gr[+ !m except z small m9or crops4 ,! haphaz>d production ( crude drugs 9 small lots ( a few p\nds usually means a dissatisfi$ produc]4 ,a special k ( trade requirem5ts is necess>y 9 collect+1 cur+1 pres]v+1 & pack+ drugs = m>ket4 ,mo/ f>m products f9d a ready local m>ket2 a special m>ket mu/ be s\ght = plant drugs4 ,high prices = plant drugs d n insure l>ge pr(its 9 produc+ !m4 ,n ! price receiv$1 b ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! co/ ( production & ! sell+ price is ! important po9t4 ,contribution f ! ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry ,,wm4 ,a4 ,,taylor1 ,*ief ,issu$1 ,june1 #aiae ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,revis$1 ,augu/1 #aibj ,%[ ?is bullet9 to a neighbor4 ,additional copies may be obta9$ free f ! ,division ( ,publications1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,,drug ,,plants ,,"u ,,cultivation4 ,w4 ,w4 ,/ockb]g]1 ,physiologi/ 9 ,*>ge1 ,drug1 ,poison\s1 & ,oil ,plant ,inve/igations4 ,,cont5ts4 ,page4 ,production ( crude drugs #c ,"s drug plants suitable = cultivation 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates #d ,g5]al cultural sugge/ions #e ,h>ve/+ #h ,di/illation #i ,yield #aa ,m>ket+ #aa ,comm]cial prospects #ab ,! cultivation & h&l+ ( drug plants #ad ,,production ,,( ,,crude ,,drugs4 ,int]e/ 9 ! possibility ( d]iv+ pr(it f ! gr[+ ( drug plants is increas+ ye>ly4 ,! cle>+ ( =e/s1 ! ext5sion ( ! areas ( l& "u tillage1 & ! activities ( drug collectors ?reat5 ! ext]m9ation ( a numb] ( valuable native drug plants4 ,annually1 l>ge sums ( money are exp5d$ = crude drugs import$ f c\ntries :]e !y are gr[n "u conditions ( soil & climate resembl+ ^? ( _m localities 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,z a means ( gu>antee+ ! future supply ( crude drugs & ( less5+ ! dep5d5ce on importations1 att5tion is n[ be+ turn$ to ! cultivation ( drug plants ) a view to increas+ dome/ic production4 ,! problems pres5t$ by ! cultivation ( drug plants are n less difficult ?an ^? enc\nt]$ 9 ! production ( _m o!r crops4 ,drug plants are subject to ! same diseases & risks z o!r crops & are simil>ly affect$ by v>iations 9 soil & climatic conditions4 ,!y require a consid]able outlay ( labor1 ! same z o!r crops1 & likewise require intellig5t c>e & h&l+4 ,!y are subject to ! same laws ( supply & dem&1 &1 l o!r products1 mu/ con=m to ! consum]'s fancy & to def9ite trade requirem5ts4 ,a numb] ( common m$ic9al plants h long be5 cultivat$ 9 g>d5s 9 ?is c\ntry1 ei!r z ornam5tals or z a s\rce ( h]bs us$ 9 cook]y & z dome/ic rem$ies4 ,a few ( ^! plants1 su* z gold5seal1 wormwood1 wormse$1 & pepp]m9t1 h be5 gr[n comm]cially = sale z crude drugs2 b ! acreage devot$ to _! production has be5 relatively small & = ! mo/ "p re/rict$ to c]ta9 localities4 ,o!r drug plants :i* occur z common we$s 9 _m places may prove to respond to cultivation2 exp]im5ts %\ld !n be und]tak5 to det]m9e :e!r x is pr(itable to gr[ !m4 ,9 ?is connection x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! soil type v (t5 is an important limit+ factor 9 propagat+ diff]5t k9ds ( plants4 ,"s plants gr[ be/ 9 well-dra9$ loam1 "s pref] a m>%1 "s require soils ri* 9 lime1 :ile o!rs ?rive only 9 acid soil4 ,! soil requirem5ts ( all plants are n und]/ood2 9 fact x is n improbable t bett] compreh5sion ( ! soil1 climatic1 & cultural conditions adapt$ to ! diff]5t k9ds ( plants w enable ! successful propagation ( species n[ reg>d$ z unsuit$ to cultivation4 ,9 und]tak+ ! gr[+ ( m$ic9al plants1 !re=e1 x is ess5tial to "k t ! species select$ = cultivation w d well "u ! conditions ( soil & climate exi/+ :]e ! plant+ is to be made4 ,:5 necess>y1 ?is %\ld be det]m9$ on small exp]im5tal plats be=e und]tak+ comm]cial plant+s4 ,assum+ t ! soil & climate ( ! situation select$ are suitable = ! gr[+ ( drug plants1 x does n necess>ily foll[ t !y c be produc$ at a pr(it4 ,! co/ ( production & m>ket+ may be great] ?an ! am\nt receiv$ = ! crop :5 x is sold4 ,"s drug plants n well suit$ = cultivation on a l>ge scale may be f\nd pr(itable :5 gr[n on small areas z a side l9e4 ,on ! o!r h&1 "s may be produc$ m *eaply :5 cultivat$ on a scale l>ge en\gh to w>rant ! use ( labor-sav+ devices ?an :5 gr[n on small areas ) ! aid ( h& labor alone4 ,! value ( l&1 ! co/ & availability ( labor1 & ! possible returns f o!r crops are all factors to be consid]$ c>efully4 ,on acc\nt ( ! v>iation 9 ^! factors accord+ to locality1 ! same crop might prove to be pr(itable 9 "o location & unpr(itable 9 ano!r4 ,x is = ^! reasons t unqualifi$ /atem5ts conc]n+ ! ease & pr(itabl5ess ( drug plant gr[+ %\ld n be tak5 too s]i\sly4 ,,"s ,,drug ,,plants ,,suitable ,,= ,,cultivation ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,! numb] ( drug plants :i* may be gr[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is l>ge1 al?\gh ! same plants are n equally adapt$ to ! conditions ( soil & climate prevail+ 9 diff]5t sections4 ,(t5 ! mo/ suitable plants = a p>ticul> locality c n be =etold1 especially 9 ^? situations :]e no attempts h yet be5 made to gr[ !m4 ,9 su* cases x is well to select = cultivation plants :i* ?rive else:]e "u conditions mo/ closely resembl+ ^? ( ! new situation 9 :i* x is propos$ to gr[ !m4 ,! success ) :i* ord9>y field or g>d5 crops c be gr[n w 9 g5]al indicate ! possible suitability ( a giv5 location = gr[+ _m m$ic9al plants4 ,s9ce a numb] ( native m$ic9al plants :i* 9 _! wild /ate are re/rict$ to c]ta9 localities h be5 successfully cultivat$ 9 situations f> beyond _! natural range1 !re are good reasons = believ+ t _m su* plants w ?rive 9 sections :]e !y are n n[ gr[n4 ,h[ev]1 good results c sc>cely be expect$ unless ! plants are plac$ "u conditions simil> to ^? 9 :i* !y normally ?rive4 ,9 suitable soil & "u favorable wea!r conditions ! foll[+ drug plants h be5 f\nd to ?rive well "u cultivation 9 num]\s places 9 ! ,c5tral & ,ea/]n ,/ates & w probably be f\nd suitable = cultivation 9 _m o!r situations if ! diff]5ce 9 climatic conditions is n too great3 ,anise4 ,conium4 ,elecampane4 ,sage4 ,belladonna4 ,cori&]4 ,f5nel4 ,/ramonium4 ,camomile4 ,digitalis4 ,h5bane4 ,tansy4 ,c>away4 ,dill4 ,horeh\nd4 ,?yme4 ,"s p]5nials1 su* z belladonna & digitalis1 are only p>tly h>dy & w\ld be subject to w9t]kill+ 9 ! cold] sections4 ,su* plants z aconite1 arnica1 lovage1 poppy1 s5eca1 val]ian1 & wormwood seem to ?rive be/ 9 ! nor!rn half ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 situations :]e ! ra9fall is well di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! gr[+ season4 ,on ! o!r h&1 cannabis1 licorice1 & wormse$ are bett] suit$ to ! w>m] climate ( ! s\!rn half ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,aletris1 al?aea1 angelica1 calamus1 orris1 p9kroot1 pepp]m9t1 s]p5t>ia1 & spe>m9t are adapt$ g5]ally = situations 9 :i* ! soil is ri* & moi/1 b lav5d] & l>kspur are p>tial to well-dra9$ s&y soil4 ,g9s5g & gold5seal occur naturally on ri* soil 9 ! p>tial %ade ( =e/ trees & c be cultivat$ successfully only :5 plant$ 9 woodl&s or 9 specially prep>$ soil "u artificial %ade 7fig4 #a74 ,,g5]al ,,cultural ,,sugge/ions4 ,! special details ( cultivation = ea* ( ! m$ic9al plants m5tion$ are giv5 "u ! discussion ( ! individual species4 ,sugge/ions :i* are ( g5]al application1 h[ev]1 are "h br\ght toge!r1 9 ord] to avoid unnecess>y duplication4 ,propagation4--,a numb] ( ! species consid]$ lat] c be gr[n easily f se$1 b o!rs are be/ propagat$ f cutt+s or by division4 ,_m wild m$ic9al plants are mu* m difficult to propagate f se$s ?an ! species commonly gr[n 9 g>d5s4 ,likewise1 "s ( ! species n[ gr[n abroad & suitable = cultivation 9 ?is c\ntry are n easily propagat$ & require special conditions if good results are to be realiz$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4--,la? %$ af=d+ p>tial %ade1 especially well suit$ = gr[+ woodl& plants4 ,se$s ( ! bett]-kn[n v>ieties ( m$ic9al plants are regul>ly li/$ 9 ! catalogues ( num]\s se$ h\ses1 & ^? :i* are less common c usually be obta9$ f deal]s :o make a specialty ( "o or m ( ^! species4 ,plants c frequ5tly be obta9$ f nurs]ies or f deal]s 9 h>dy ornam5tals4 ,! catalogues ( a numb] ( deal]s %\ld be consult$ & ! v>ieties = propagation c>efully select$4 ,9 ord]+1 ! m$ic9al v>iety %\ld always be call$ =1 s9ce _m ( ! relat$ ornam5tal =ms :i* are li/$ are ( d\btful1 if any1 m$ic9al value4 ,s[+ ! se$4--,a relatively small numb] ( m$ic9al plants c be satisfactorily gr[n f se$ s[n 9 ! field4 ,9 _m cases ?is me?od is q unc]ta9 & ) "s plants :olly inadvisable4 ,9 ord] to insure a good /& ( ?rifty plants x is frequ5tly necess>y to make ! s[+s 9 a gre5h\se1 hotb$1 or coldframe & at a suitable "t transplant ! se$l+s to ! field4 ,mu* in=mation on se$ g]m9ation1 hotb$s1 & coldframes c be ga9$ by consult+ ,f>m]s' ,bullet9s #icd1 #icg1 & #ajdd1 entitl$1 respectively1 ,home ,g>d5+ 9 ! ,s\?1 ,! ,f>m ,g>d51 9 ! ,nor?1 & ,! ,city ,home ,g>d54#a #a ,^! publications c be obta9$ free ( *>ge ^u application to ! ,secret>y ( ,agriculture1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,! prep>ation ( ! soil is ( prime importance1 :e!r ! s[+ ( ! se$ is made 9 ! op5 or "u cov]4 ,_m se$s1 especially ^? :i* are v small1 d n g]m9ate well 9 heavy soils or 9 ^? :i* are cloddy & co>se 9 texture4 ,a se$ b$ prep>$ by ?or\ghly mix+ equal p>ts ( g>d5 soil1 leaf mold1 well-rott$ manure1 & clean s& w be suitable = ! g]m9ation ( mo/ se$s4 ,! dep? ( s[+ is l>gely gov]n$ by ! size ( ! se$s & ! "* ( ! soil4 ,9 g5]al1 ! small] ! se$ ! less ! dep? ( s[+4 ,se$ %\ld be cov]$ m deeply 9 light s&y soil ?an 9 heavy clay soil4 ,fall-s[n se$s also require a great] dep? ( cov]+ ?an ^? s[n 9 ! spr+4 ,! exact quantity ( se$ :i* %\ld be us$ = s[+ a giv5 area c n be def9itely /at$4 ,! same k9d ( se$ w be f\nd to v>y widely 9 its p[] to g]m9ate2 h5ce1 ! p]c5tage ( g]m9ation %\ld be asc]ta9$ 9 advance ( s[+ & ! quantity regulat$ accord+ly4 ,9 g5]al1 ! heavi] ! soil ! l>g] ! quantity ( se$ requir$4 ,if ! plants are to be ?9n$ out or transplant$1 or if !y are especially subject to ! attacks ( insects1 ! free use ( se$ is usually advisable4 ,:5 plant+s are made 9 op5 gr\nd x is pref]able to s[ ! se$ 9 r[s or drills1 9 ord] t cultivation ( ! soil may be possible4 ,a %all[ furr[ may be op5$ ) a rake or h& hoe & ! se$ s[n by h&4 ,! rake or hoe may !n be us$ to cov] ! se$ ) ! requir$ dep? ( soil4 ,x is mu* m satisfactory to use se$ drills1 su* z are commonly us$ by m>ket g>d5]s1 ?an to s[ by h&1 s9ce ) ! drill ! dep? ( s[+ is m uni=m & ! soil is compact$ ov] ! se$s1 ?us favor+ good g]m9ation4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ! r[s is det]m9$ 9 "p by ! size :i* ! plants atta9 at maturity1 b dep5ds *iefly ^u ! me?od ( cultivation to be us$4 ,a spac+ ( #i to #af in*es betwe5 ! r[s w readily p]mit h& cultivation1 b ! r[s %\ld be ab\t #c feet ap>t if horse-drawn implem5ts are employ$4 ,cultivation4--,!re are no set rules = ! cultivation ( m$ic9al plants1 & ! gr[]'s exp]i5ce ) o!r plants mu/ be reli$ ^u z a guide 9 _m ( ! details ( cultivation4 ,z a g5]al rule1 ! soil %\ld be work$ ) ! hoe or cultivator at frequ5t int]vals & kept free f we$s4 ,x is a good practice to cultivate aft] a h>d ra9 z soon z ! gr\nd is suffici5tly dry4 ,dur+ dry1 hot wea!r loss ( moi/ure f ! soil w be dim9i%$ by frequ5t %all[ cultivations4 ,,h>ve/+4 ,drug roots are usually h>ve/$ 9 ! fall or at ! end ( ! gr[+ season ( ! plant1 b !y may also be h>ve/$ e>ly 9 ! spr+ :ile /ill dormant4 ,roots collect$ dur+ ! gr[+ season (t5 %r9k excessively 9 dry+ & s d n =m ! mo/ desirable product4 ,on small areas ei!r a spade or a potato =k is a suitable tool = digg+ mo/ roots2 b if ! area is l>ge1 labor w be sav$ by us+ a pl[ to turn out ! roots1 especially ) su* crops z belladonna or burdock4 ,mo/ roots require ?or\gh wa%+1 & :5 ! quantity is l>ge ?is may be easily done if ! roots are plac$ on a frame cov]$ ) wire me% & wat] is appli$ by means ( a g>d5 hose4 ,all roots mu/ be ?or\ghly dri$4 ,l>ge or fle%y roots are usually split or slic$1 spread 9 ?9 lay]s on clean floors1 & /irr$ or turn$ frequ5tly4 ,good v5tilation is ess5tial1 z sev]al weeks usually elapse be=e ! roots are dry en\gh to be /or$ ) safety4 ,! prop] po9t ( dryness is indicat$ :5 ! roots break readily on be+ b5t4 ,! "t ( dry+ may be r$uc$ to a few days by ! use ( artificial heat4 ,= ?is purpose ! walls ( a well-inclos$ room are fitt$ ) racks or %elves to receive ! roots1 or l>ge trays ) bottoms made ( slats or wire scre5 are susp5d$ "o above ! o!r f ! ceil+4 ,! room is heat$ by a /ove1 & ! temp]ature ma9ta9$ betwe5 #abe & #aej ,f4 ,v5tilators mu/ be provid$ at ! top ( ! room to c>ry away ! moi/ure :i* is driv5 (f f ! roots4 ,ord9>y fruit dri]s h be5 us$ successfully 9 dry+ roots on1 a small scale1 b special dry+ h\ses or kilns w be necess>y = successfully h&l+ crops gr[n on an acreage basis4 ,leaves & h]bs are usually h>ve/$ :5 ! plants are 9 fl[]4 ,pick+ ! leaves by h& 9 ! field is a sl[ process1 & "t may be sav$ by cutt+ ! entire plant & /ripp+ ! leaves aft] ! plants h be5 br\ght 9 f ! field4 ,if ! entire h]b is want$1 x is pref]able to top ! plants1 = if !y are cut too close to ! gr\nd ! h]b w h to be pick$ ov] by h& & all ! co>se /ems remov$4 ,z a rule1 leaves & h]bs may be dri$ 9 ! same mann] z roots1 b almo/ )\t exception !y are dri$ )\t exposure to ! sun1 9 ord] t ! gre5 color may be reta9$ s f> z possible4 ,"s fl[]s are ga!r$ :ile sc>cely op5 & o!rs z soon aft] op5+ z possible1 & 9 g5]al !y %\ld be c>efully dri$ 9 ! %ade to prev5t discoloration4 ,h& pick+ is v labori\s1 & me*anical devices simil> to a cranb]ry scoop 7fig4 #b7 or se$ /ripp] 7fig4 #c7 may (t5 be us$ to good advantage4 ,a homemade pick] may be con/ruct$ z foll[s3 ,f a /\t wood5 box1 ab\t #aj in*es wide1 #ad in*es long1 & #f in*es deep1 remove "o end & connect ! opposite rema9+ sides at ! top ) a /\t /rip1 :i* w s]ve z a h&le4 ,drive long1 sl5d] wire nails ?r\gh an in* /rip ( wood at qu>t]-in* int]vals1 ?us =m+ a comb ! tee? ( :i* %\ld be ab\t #b in*es long4 ,?is comb is fa/5$ to ! bottom ( ! box 9 su* a mann] t ! tee? w project outw>d ?r\gh ! op5+ left by ! remov$ end4 ,on sw++ ?is device1 tee? =w>d1 ?r\gh ! fl[]s1 ! heads w be snapp$ (f by ! comb & w fall into ! box1 f :i* !y may be empti$ into suitable conta9]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4--;,a b]ry scoop suitable = h>ve/+ fl[] heads ( l>ge size4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4--;,a se$ /ripp] :i* may be us$ = ga!r+ fl[] heads4 ,se$s are h>ve/$ z soon z mo/ ( !m h rip5$ & be=e ! pods or se$ capsules h op5$4 ,se$like fruits1 su* z anise1 cori&]1 f5nel1 & wormse$ r are h>ve/$ a little be=e !y are fully ripe1 9 ord] t !y may reta9 a bright1 fre% appe>ance1 :i* adds to _! m>ket value4 ,! ma*9]y us$ = ?ra%+ & clean+ ord9>y se$ crops w frequ5tly s]ve a simil> purpose = se$s ( m$ic9al plants1 provid$ ! prop] adju/m5ts h be5 made4 ,mo/ se$s mu/ be spread out to dry & turn$ at int]vals until ?or\ghly dri$ be=e !y c be /or$ 9 quantity4 ,,di/illation4 ,! volatile oil obta9$ f _m aromatic plants by /eam di/illation is (t5 _! mo/ valuable product4 ,! equipm5t necess>y = di/ill+ volatile oils consi/s ess5tially ( a /eam boil]1 a retort1 & a cond5s]4 ,a con/ant supply ( cold wat] mu/ also be available4 ,a common type ( retort consi/s ( a circul> wood5 vat1 ab\t #f feet 9 diamet] & #h to #aj feet deep 7fig4 #d71 fitt$ ) a removable cov]1 :i* c be made /eam tight4 ,metal retorts made ( boil] iron ?ree-sixte5?s ( an in* ?ick & jacket$ ) wood to prev5t ! radiation ( heat are also us$4 ,a pipe leads f ! /eam boil] to ! bottom ( ! retort & ano!r f ! top ( ! retort to ! cond5s]1 "o =m ( :i* consi/s ( a coil ( t9-l9$ or galvaniz$-iron pipe inclos$ 9 a jacket ?r\gh :i* cold wat] is kept fl[+ :5 ! /ill is 9 op]ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4--;,a /ill us$ 9 ! production ( wormwood oil4 ,:5 ! retort is fill$ ) aromatic plants & /eam is admitt$ ?r\gh ! pipe f ! boil]1 ! volatile oil is extract$ 9 ! =m ( a vapor1 :i* is c>ri$ ov] ) ! /eam to ! cond5s]1 :]e bo? are cond5s$ to liquid =m4 ,! oil & wat] toge!r fl[ f ! cond5s] into ! receiv]1 "o type ( :i* is con/ruct$ l an ord9>y milk c & is fitt$ ) a siphon lead+ f ! bottom1 ?r\gh :i* ! wat] is drawn (f to prev5t ! receiv] f ov]fl[+4 ,_m volatile oils w float on ! wat] & may be drawn (f f ! top ( ! receiv] at w4 ,o!r oils1 su* z sassafras & w9t]gre51 are heavi] ?an wat]1 & %\ld be collect$ 9 a receiv] provid$ at ! bottom ) an outlet tap ?r\gh :i* ! oil may be drawn (f4 ,! co/ ( sett+ up a /ill w dep5d ^u :at facilities are already at h& & ^u ! size & effici5cy ( ! app>atus in/all$4 ,x may easily range f a small sum to sev]al ?\s& doll>s4 ,,yield4 ,! yield t c be obta9$ f drug plants 9 diff]5t localities w naturally v>y accord+ to ! suitability ( ! situation = ! plants select$ = cultivation4 ,ev5 9 ! same locality wide v>iations 9 yield w result f diff]5ces 9 ! lay ( ! l& & 9 soil1 dra9age1 & seasonal conditions4 ,! skill ( ! gr[] & ! degree ( c>e & att5tion :i* he be/[s ^u 8 crop are also factors affect+ yield4 ,_m ( ! drug plants m5tion$ 9 ?is bullet9 h n be5 gr[n on a scale l>ge en\gh to give a v satisfactory basis = calculat+ yields4 ,acreage yields calculat$ f ! product ( small g>d5 plats are g5]ally untru/wor?y1 s9ce 9 su* plats ! plants are usually m favorably situat$ ) respect to soil & are giv5 bett] culture ?an :5 "u field conditions4 ,moreov]1 z ! area increases1 x becomes m difficult to ma9ta9 an approximately p]fect /& & to protect ! crop f ! ravages ( insects or o!r de/ructive ag5cies4 ,! returns f small exp]im5tal areas c at mo/ be reg>d$ z only an indication ( ! yield t may be expect$ "u favorable conditions1 & ! prospective gr[] w d well to proce$ cauti\sly until he has det]m9$ = himself ! possibilities ( yield 9 8 p>ticul> location4 ,,m>ket+4 ,! comm]cial gr[] ( drug plants c n give too mu* att5tion to ! problem ( secur+ a satisfactory m>ket = 8 product4 ,gr[]s :o live ne> ! cities 9 :i* deal]s 9 crude drugs are locat$ or 9 sections :]e wild m$ic9al plants are collect$ may be able to f9d a local m>ket1 b 9 _m situations ! local m>ket+ ( crude drugs 9 quantity w n be possible4 ,9 su* cases ! gr[] %\ld s5d samples ( 8 product to deal]s 9 crude drugs or to manufactur]s ( ph>maceutical prep>ations & reque/ !m to "n a price at :i* !y w\ld pur*ase 8 crop4 ,! mat]ial = ! samples %\ld n be specially select$ or s prep>$ z to repres5t a quality high] ?an t ( ! :ole lot1 s9ce ?is w\ld give ! pur*as] j cause = mak+ a r$uction 9 price on deliv]y or = reject+ ! :ole %ipm5t4 ,x is well to s5d samples to a numb] ( deal]s1 s9ce _! prices w be f\nd to v>y ) ! /ock on h& & trade prospects4 ,be=e sell+1 ! /ate ( ! :olesale drug m>ket %\ld be le>n$4 ,! prices to produc]s are1 ( c\rse1 always l[] ?an ! :olesale price2 nev]!less1 ! gr[] :o is in=m$ 9 respect to ! :olesale m>ket w be 9 a position to judge ( ! fairness ( ! prices (f]$ = 8 crop by deal]s4 ,"u special conditions "s crude drugs c be sold at a mat]ial advance ov] ! prevail+ m>ket price4 ,by always supply+ a well-prep>$1 c>efully select$ drug ( high quality "s gr[]s h built up a trade 9 _! p>ticul> product = :i* !y secure extra good prices4 ,deal]s & manufactur]s also sometimes make contracts ) reliable gr[]s to take ! entire crop ( a p>ticul> drug1 ?us insur+ to ! gr[] a def9ite m>ket & good prices = ! product4 ,,comm]cial ,,prospects4 ,at ! close ( ! ye> #aiai !re exi/$ a g5]al & widespread %ortage 9 botanical crude drugs1 & prices 9 consequ5ce _h rea*$ unusually high levels4 ,! dem& 9 o!r l9es = unskill$ labor at high wages has attract$ else:]e _m p]sons :o 7 =m]ly engag$ 9 ! collection or production ( botanic drugs 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,x is !re=e probable t prices = mo/ crude drugs w rema9 at a high level until ! prices ( o!r commodities und]go a g5]al r$uction & ! pres5t supply ( labor greatly increases4 ,al?\gh ! av]age value ( crude drugs1 express$ 9 t]ms ( money1 has m ?an d\bl$ s9ce #aiac1 x does n foll[ t _! production (f]s a correspond+ increase 9 pr(it to ! produc]4 ,! prices ( food & clo?+1 labor1 & supplies ( all k9ds h = ! mo/ "p m ?an d\bl$ 9 ! same "t & ! prospective produc] ( crude drugs w d well to consid] c>efully ! comp>ative prices ( ! necessities ( life :i* he mu/ pur*ase be=e he engages 9 ?is ent]prise4 ,! unusually high prices n[ (f]$ = _m crude drugs are due to ! und]production1 :i* has result$ l>gely f labor conditions & d n necess>ily indicate any l>ge increase 9 ! dem& = consumption4 ,9 view ( ! pres5t di/urb$ economic conditions & ! unc]ta9ty z to ! future c\rse ( prices1 ! g5]al /imulation ( drug gr[+ 9 ?is c\ntry does n appe> to be ! be/ policy at ?is "t4 ,h[ev] desirable x may be to increase ! available supply ( crude drugs or to dim9i% ! am\nt ( money n[ s5t to =eign c\ntries = ^! products1 ! mo/ important consid]ation = ! ,am]ican f>m] :o w\ld gr[ drug plants is ! probable pr(it to be d]iv$ f su* an ent]prise4 ,_m /atem5ts to ! contr>y not)/&+1 ! comm]cial production ( crude drugs does n normally pres5t unusual opportunities = quick returns & l>ge pr(its4 ,k respect+ ! cultivation & h&l+ ( m$ic9al-plant crops is f> less widespread ?an 9 ! case ( su* g5]ally di/ribut$ crops z fruits1 vegetables1 & c]eals1 & c]ta9 individuals h tak5 advantage ( ?is lack ( in=mation to lead ! public to believe t extraord9>y pr(its may be realiz$ f gr[+ m$ic9al plants1 ev5 9 a situation no m promis+ ?an ! av]age city back y>d4 ,su* p]sons are int]e/$ usually only 9 ! sale ( ! plants & se$s = propagation or ! que/ionable directions = _! cultivation1 & ! extravagant claims (t5 set =? 9 _! allur+ adv]tisem5ts are n only mislead+1 b frequ5tly h little basis 9 fact4 ,! m>ket dem& = any giv5 crude drug is naturally a l>ge factor 9 det]m9+ ! prospects = its comm]cial production "u cultivation4 ,! dem& = a numb] ( drugs is q v>iable or exce$+ly limit$1 & h5ce insuffici5t to make x advisable to raise !m on a l>ge scale4 ,9 ! case ( o!r drugs1 al?\gh ! dem& is fairly con/ant & /eady1 x c\ld probably be fully satisfi$ by ! product ( a v few acres ( good l&4 ,x is evid5t t ! cultivation ( any consid]able acreage might easily result 9 ov]production1 ) a consequ5t decl9e 9 m>ket price to a po9t :]e production w\ld n be pr(itable4 ,! cultivation ( drug plants1 to be successful 9 ?is c\ntry1 w probably require ! introduction ( improv$ me?ods & ! ext5sive use ( ma*9]y to replace h& labor s f> z possible4 ,gr[]s ( m9ts & num]\s o!r plants yield+ ess5tial oils w f9d x desirable to equip !mselves ) a suitable di/ill+ plant1 al?\gh ! latt] c n be op]at$ mo/ economically :5 only a small quantity ( mat]ial is available = di/illation4 ,! natural t5d5cy w be to increase ! acreage 9 ! int]e/ ( m effici5t op]ation1 b "h aga9 !re is dang] ( ov]production1 & prospective gr[]s %\ld ?or\ghly acqua9t !mselves ) m>ket conditions be=e br++ v l>ge areas "u cultivation4 ,v few1 if any1 drug plants are us$ 9 quantities suffici5t to make !m a promis+ crop = g5]al cultivation4 ,_m ( ! common ones1 :i* c be gr[n & prep>$ = m>ket ) little difficulty1 br+ b a few c5ts a p\nd1 & _! cultivation (f]s little prospect ( pr(it4 ,a numb] ( ! high-pric$ drug plants mu/ be giv5 c>e = two or m ye>s be=e a crop c be h>ve/$1 &1 s9ce exp5sive equipm5t is usually requir$ = _! successful culture1 ! production ( su* crops (f]s little enc\ragem5t to inexp]i5c$ gr[]s :o are look+ = quick returns & l>ge pr(its f a small inve/m5t4 ,! production ( drugs ( high quality requires skill$ managem5t1 exp]i5ce 9 special me?ods ( plant culture1 acqua9tance ) trade requirem5ts1 & a k ( ! influ5ce ( "t ( collection & mann] ( prep>ation on ! con/itu5ts ( ! drug :i* det]m9e its value4 ,small quantities ( drugs produc$ )\t reg>d to ^! conditions are apt to be poor 9 quality & s unattractive to deal]s & manufactur]s t ! product w n be salable at a price suffici5t to make _! production pr(itable4 ,9 g5]al1 ! conditions 9 ?is c\ntry seem f> m favorable to ! gr[+ ( drug plants z a special indu/ry = well-equipp$ cultivators ?an z a side crop = g5]al f>m]s or ^? ^: *ief int]e/ lies 9 ! production ( o!r crops4 ,al?\gh a numb] ( plants :i* yield products us$ z crude drugs are common f>m we$s1 !y usually occur 9 scatt]$ situations & 9 su* small quantities t _! collection w\ld sc>cely prove pr(itable = ! f>m]4 ,ev5 :5 relatively abundant x is a matt] = c>eful consid]ation :e!r ! "t & labor necess>y = _! collection might n be o!rwise employ$ to bett] advantage4 ,moreov]1 x is n always easy to di/+ui% m$ic9al plants f o!rs ( simil> appe>ance1 & collectors n infrequ5tly f9d t !y h sp5t _! "t 9 ga!r+ plants practically wor?less z crude drugs4 ,9 proportion to ! labor requir$ 9 _! collection1 relatively l[ prices are paid = mo/ crude drugs obta9$ f wild plants1 & ! f>m] :o turns to drug collect+ z a s\rce ( additional rev5ue w probably meet ) disappo9tm5t4 ,,! ,,cultivation ,,& ,,h&l+ ,,( ,,drug ,,plants4 ,! foll[+ cultural directions & sugge/ions reg>d+ ! h&l+ ( a numb] ( drug plants h be5 compil$ 9 "p f ! records ( ! ,(fice ( ,drug1 ,poison\s1 & ,oil ,plant ,inve/igations & include data secur$ by v>i\s memb]s ( ! /aff ( t (fice connect$ ) te/+ g>d5s 9 sev]al widely sep>at$ localities4 ,! probable yields p] acre are 9 _m cases e/imates calculat$ f small] areas1 & consid]able v>iation f ! figures giv5 mu/ be expect$ 9 actual practice4 ,! prices m5tion$ are giv5 m]ely to indicate ! comp>ative value ( ! products conc]n$ & n to fix ! actual price :i* ! gr[] ( drug plants may expect to receive4 ,?is w dep5d v l>gely ^u ! /ate ( ! m>ket at ! "t ! crop is (f]$ = sale4 ,! plants m5tion$ 9 ! foll[+ pages 7 select$ = discussion because in=mation reg>d+ _! cultivation is 9 con/ant dem&4 ,! purpose ( ?is bullet9 is n to recomm5d ^! plants = cultivation1 b to give in=mation conc]n+ _! culture :i* may be helpful to p]sons :o are consid]+ ! production ( drug plants on a comm]cial scale4#b #b ,= in=mation 9 reg>d to we$s us$ 9 m$ic9e n h]e9 consid]$1 see ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 ,no4 #ahh1 :i* may be obta9$ f ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,docum5ts1 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 = #e c5ts4 ,,aletris4 ,aletris1 />-grass1 or true unicorn root 7,aletris f>9osa1 fig4 #e7 is a native p]5nial h]b ( ! lily family1 f\nd occasionally on s&y soil ?r\gh\t ! ea/]n half ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 also frequ5tly occurr+ 9 ! p9e & oak b>r5s ( ,alabama & ,t5nessee & else:]e 9 ! ,s\?4 ,! root is us$ m$ic9ally4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4--;,aletris 7,aletris f>9osa74 ,aletris is a sl[-gr[+ plant :i* seems to ?rive be/ on a moi/ & s&y soil4 ,x may be propagat$ ei!r by division ( ! root /ocks or f se$s4 ,! se$s mature late 9 ! summ]1 & %\ld be s[n soon aft] rip5+1 9 a well-prep>$ & protect$ se$ b$4 ,9 ! foll[+ spr+ ! se$l+s may be transplant$ to _! p]man5t situation & set ab\t a foot ap>t 9 r[s #bj in*es or m ap>t4 ,! soil ab\t ! plants %\ld be /irr$ frequ5tly & kept free f we$s4 ,! root1 consi/+ ( a %ort horizontal root/ock be>+ num]\s small rootlets1 may be h>ve/$ 9 ! fall ( ! second or ?ird ye>4 ,9 prep>+ ! root = m>ket ! /em & leaves are brok5 (f & ! dirt is remov$ by %ak+ 7or wa%+1 if necess>y71 aft] :i* x is well dri$4 ,!re are no available data on ! probable yield4 ,! prew> prices paid to collectors = aletris usually rang$ f #ab to #be c5ts a p\nd4 ,! prices 9 ,june1 #aibj1 7 ab\t #gj c5ts a p\nd4 ,,aconite4 ,aconite 7,aconitum napellus7 is a h>dy p]5nial1 introduc$ f ,europe & sp>+ly gr[n 9 ?is c\ntry z an ornam5tal g>d5 plant4 ,bo? leaves & roots are v poison\s1 ! latt] =m+ ! (ficial drug4 ,o!r v>ieties ?an ,aconitum napellus are also gr[n 9 fl[] g>d5s1 & sev]al species occur wild 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,s9ce ! (ficial species readily hybridizes ) relat$ v>ieties1 (t5 to ! detrim5t ( its m$ic9al prop]ties1 x is frequ5tly difficult to secure se$ :i* w come true to "n4 ,aconite seems to ?rive be/ 9 a r cool climate & w gr[ 9 any ri* g>d5 soil1 b a well-dra9$ gravelly loam 9 an elevat$ situation appe>s mo/ suit$ = ! cultivation ( ?is plant4 ,x may be gr[n f se$ s[n 9 ! op5 late 9 ! fall or e>ly 9 ! spr+1 or plants may be />t$ 9 a se$ b$ & ! se$l+s lat] transplant$ & set ab\t a foot ap>t 9 r[s #b feet ap>t4 ,! pref]able me?od ( propagation is by division ( ! roots aft] ! /ems h di$ d[n 9 ! fall1 s9ce !reby hybridization may be avoid$4 ,! plants usually fl[] 9 ! second ye> f se$1 :5 ! roots may be h>ve/$4 ,x is pref]able1 h[ev]1 to def] h>ve/+ until ! /ems h di$ d[n 9 ! fall1 :5 all ! roots %\ld be dug1 ! small] res]v$ = plant+ & ! l>g] ones wa%$1 slic$ l5g?wise1 & dri$4 ,! leaves are also h>ve/$1 b are n 9 mu* dem&4 ,reliable data on yield are n available1 al?\gh "s e/imates place ! yield at ab\t #dej p\nds ( dry root p] acre4 ,! ,am]ican m>ket is suppli$ ) import$ aconite root1 = :i* ! prew> price rang$ f ab\t #i to #ae c5ts a p\nd4 ,! price 9 ,june1 #aibj1 rang$ f #fj to #fb c5ts a p\nd4 ,! quantity import$ 9 #aiai 0 ab\t #ce1jjj p\nds4 ,! dem& = ?is drug is limit$1 & ?is fact1 toge!r ) ! probable l[ yield1 makes its pr(itable cultivation 9 ?is c\ntry v d\btful4 ,,al?aea4 ,al?aea1 or m>%mall[ 7,al?aea (fic9alis71 is a p]5nial h]b introduc$ f ,europe :i* n[ gr[s wild 9 m>%y places ne> ! sea 9 ,massa*usetts & along tidal riv]s 9 ,new ,york & ,p5nsylvania4 ,! root =ms ! (ficial drug1 b ! leaves & fl[]s also are sometimes us$ m$ic9ally4 ,al?aea w gr[ well 9 almo/ any loose g>d5 soil ( mod]ate f]tility1 b t5ds to w9t]kill 9 situations :]e ! gr\nd freezes to a consid]able dep?4 ,! plants may be propagat$ f se$s or f divisions ( ! old roots made e>ly 9 ! spr+4 ,! se$ may be s[n 9 ! op5 9 %all[ drills at lea/ #c feet ap>t1 & ! se$l+s %\ld be ?9n$ to /& #af in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,"u good conditions ! plants atta9 a height ( #c or #d feet2 !re=e1 close plant+ does n give suffici5t room = full developm5t4 ,9 ! second ye> ( gr[? ! roots are h>ve/$1 wa%$1 peel$1 cut into %ort l5g?s1 & ?or\ghly dri$4 ,yields at ! rate ( #hjj to #a1jjj p\nds ( dry root p] acre h be5 obta9$4 ,! prew> :olesale price usually rang$ f #ab to #bj c5ts a p\nd4 ,! price 9 ,june1 #aibj1 0 #be to #bg c5ts a p\nd4 ,! annual importation ( ?is root av]ages ab\t #cj1jjj p\nds4 ,9 view ( ! am\nt ( h& labor requir$ 9 prep>+ ! root1 ! relatively l[ price1 & ! r limit$ dem&1 ! cultivation ( ?is plant = pr(it is n v attractive4 ,,angelica4 ,angelica 7,angelica (fic9alis7 is a ,european bi5nial plant ( ! p>sley family1 sometimes gr[n 9 ?is c\ntry z a cul9>y h]b & kn[n commonly z g>d5 angelica4 ,! fre% /ems & leaf/alks are us$ z a g>ni% & = mak+ a c&i$ confection4 ,! se$s & ! oil di/ill$ f !m are employ$ 9 flavor+1 & ! aromatic roots are sometimes us$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,angelica ?rives be/ 9 a mod]ately cool climate & may be gr[n 9 any good soil1 al?\gh a deep1 fairly ri* loam :i* is moi/ b well dra9$ w give ! be/ results4 ,! soil %\ld be deeply pl[$ & well prep>$ be=e plant+4 ,! plant is mo/ readily propagat$ f divisions ( old roots1 :i* may be set ei!r 9 ! fall or spr+ ab\t #ah in*es ap>t 9 r[s4 ,! se$s g]m9ate v poorly if m ?an "o ye> old1 & x is be/ to s[ !m z soon z !y are ripe 9 a se$ b$1 :i* %\ld be kept moi/ by frequ5t wat]+ if necess>y4 ,e>ly 9 ! foll[+ spr+ ! se$l+s are transplant$ & set ab\t #b feet ap>t ea* way 9 _! p]man5t location4 ,plants may also be obta9$ f se$s s[n 9 ,m>* 9 a sp5t hotb$ or 9 a cold frame4 ,9 ord] to increase ! root developm5t1 ! plants are (t5 transplant$ a second "t1 at ! end ( ! fir/ ye>'s gr[?1 & set #c or #d feet ap>t4 ,= ! same reason ! tops are (t5 cut back to prev5t ! =mation ( se$4 ,dur+ ! gr[+ seasons ! soil %\ld be kept mell[ & free f we$s by frequ5t cultivation4 ,! roots are usually h>ve/$ 9 ! fall ( ! second ye>1 b sometimes ^? ( ! fir/-ye> plants are m>ket$4 ,aft] be+ dug1 ! roots are wa%$ & dri$ 9 ! op5 air4 ,9 ord] to keep out insects & to pres]ve ! aroma x is be/ to /ore ! dri$ root 9 t9 conta9]s :i* c be tightly clos$4 ,! root ( ! ,european or g>d5 angelica f\nd 9 our drug m>kets is import$ l>gely f ,g]many4 ,dur+ ! pa/ few ye>s ! :olesale price has av]ag$ ab\t #bj c5ts a p\nd4 ,! root ( a native species ( angelica 7,angelica atropurpurea71 commonly call$ ,am]ican angelica1 also occurs 9 ! drug m>kets ( ?is c\ntry4 ,x is collect$ f wild plants1 & ! price to collectors 9 =m] ye>s usually rang$ f #f to #aj c5ts a p\nd4 ,! prices 9 ,june1 #aibj1 7 = ! se$ #bj c5ts & = ! root #ad c5ts a p\nd4 ,,anise4 ,anise 7,pimp9ella anisum7 is an annual h]b ( ! p>sley family1 widely cultivat$ 9 ,europe & to a limit$ ext5t 9 ?is c\ntry1 *iefly 9 ,rhode ,isl&4 ,al?\gh ?is plant may be gr[n q g5]ally ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 x has be5 f\nd difficult to br+ ! crop to maturity 9 nor!rly situations :]e ! gr[+ season is %ort or 9 ! ,s\? :]e ! climate is hot & dry4 ,x is gr[n *iefly = its aromatic se$s 7fruits71 :i* are us$ m$ic9ally1 & also 9 bak+ & = flavor+ confection]y4 ,! oil di/ill$ f ! se$s is us$ m$ic9ally 9 cordials1 & also = flavor+ v>i\s bev]ages4 ,anise ?rives be/ 9 a light1 mod]ately ri*1 & well-dra9$ loam :i* has be5 c>efully prep>$ be=e plant+4 ,x is gr[n f se$s1 :i* are usually s[n e>ly 9 ! spr+ directly 9 ! field1 s9ce ! se$l+s are unfavorably affect$ by transplant+4 ,! se$s1 :i* %\ld n be m ?an #b ye>s old1 are s[n ?ickly1 ab\t two to ! in*1 & cov]$ "o-half in* deep4 ,s9ce ! plants develop v sl[ly1 se$ %\ld n be s[n 9 we$y soil4 ,:5 ! se$l+s are #b to #c in*es high !y are ?9n$ to /& #f in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,! r[s may be #ah in*es or #c feet ap>t1 dep5d+ on ! cultivation int5d$4 ,an ounce ( se$ %\ld s[ a r[ #aej feet long1 & ab\t #e p\nds w plant an acre :5 ! r[s are #c feet ap>t4 ,! plants %\ld receive frequ5t & ?or\gh cultivation ?r\gh\t ! gr[+ season4 ,ab\t ?ree mon?s f ! "t ( plant+ ! plants w blossom1 & a mon? lat] ! se$ %\ld be matur$ suffici5tly = h>ve/+4 ,z soon z ! tips ( ! se$s turn a grayi% gre5 color !y %\ld be h>ve/$1 = if all[$ to rema9 expos$ to ! wea!r !y quickly turn br[n or black54 ,! plants may be pull$ by h& & /ack$1 tops inw>d1 9 heaps ab\t #f feet high1 or !y may be m[$ & at once built up into cocks ( ! same height4 ,9 ab\t f\r or five days ! se$ w h rip5$1 aft] :i* x %\ld be ?ra%$ out & ?or\ghly clean$4 ,yields ( anise se$ are q v>iable1 s9ce ! plant is v s5sitive to unfavorable wea!r conditions4 ,9 a good season f #djj to #fjj p\nds p] acre may be reasonably expect$4 ,! prew> :olesale price usually rang$ f #f to #h c5ts a p\nd4 ,! prices 9 ,june1 #aibj1 rang$ f #ai to #cj c5ts a p\nd4 ,dur+ ! w> ! av]age annual importation ( #ejj tons 0 r$uc$ to ab\t #ahj tons4 ,,arnica4 ,arnica 7,arnica montana7 is a h]bace\s p]5nial plant ( ! a/] family1 native 9 nor!rn & c5tral ,europe1 :]e x ?rives 9 ! cool climate ( ! m\nta9 mead[s & upl& moors4 ,! fl[]s1 leaves1 & roots are employ$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,arnica requires a m>%y soil1 abundant ra9fall1 & a cool climate = its be/ developm5t4 ,x is propagat$ by divisions ( ! roots or f se$s s[n ei!r 9 ! fall or ! spr+4 ,se$ may also be s[n 9 ,augu/ 9 a se$ b$ & ! plants transplant$ ! foll[+ spr+ to /& ab\t #ah in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,! fl[]s may be h>ve/$ ! second ye> & ! roots aft] ?ree or f\r ye>s4 ,arnica is n produc$ comm]cially 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! small quantity import$ annually is app>5tly suffici5t to meet ! m>ket dem&s4 ,its cultivation pres5ts _m difficulties1 & ef=ts to gr[ x 9 ! mild] portions ( ?is c\ntry h g5]ally prov$ unsuccessful4 ,,belladonna4 ,belladonna1 or deadly night%ade 7,atropa belladonna71 is a l>ge1 poison\s p]5nial :i* occurs wild 9 ,europe1 :]e x is also cultivat$4 ,bo? ! leaves & ! roots are important crude drugs4 ,9 rec5t ye>s x has be5 cultivat$ to "s ext5t 9 ?is c\ntry1 b is likely to w9t]kill 9 ! cold] sections4 ,belladonna may be propagat$ 9 a small way f cutt+s ( ! "y %oots root$ 9 moi/ s& 9 ! usual mann] or f divisions ( ! fle%y root/ocks made e>ly 9 ! spr+1 b x is mo/ readily gr[n f se$s :i* may be ?9ly s[n 9 pots or well-dra9$ boxes 9 a cool gre5h\se 9 midw9t] or 9 a %elt]$ place 9 a g>d5 e>ly 9 ! spr+4 ,:5 ! se$l+s are l>ge en\gh to h&le !y %\ld be transplant$ s+ly to small pots or prick$ out 9 flats or %all[ boxes ( light1 ri* soil1 plac+ !m ab\t #b in*es ap>t ea* way1 z ) tomato or o!r vegetable plants int5d$ = field plant+4 ,9 ! spr+1 z soon z dang] f fro/ is ov]1 !y %\ld be transplant$ to ! field & set ab\t #bj in*es ap>t 9 r[s #cj or m in*es ap>t ,s[+ se$s 9 ! field or transplant+ directly f ! se$ b$ to ! field has r>ely giv5 good results 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,belladonna se$s are small1 & if well h&l$ "u glass or 9 protect$ se$ b$s #a ounce %\ld produce #aj1jjj or m plants1 suffici5t to set an acre4 ,belladonna ?rives be/ 9 deep1 moi/1 well-dra9$ loam conta9+ lime1 su* z w "u prop] f]tilization produce good g>d5 vegetables4 ,! prep>ation ( ! soil %\ld be v ?or\gh & consi/s ( deep pl[+1 ei!r 9 ! fall or e>ly spr+1 & repeat$ work+ ) ! disk or spr+-too? & smoo?+ h>r[s4 ,we$s %\ld be kept "u control at all times & ! soil /irr$ ) a hoe or cultivator at int]vals ( ab\t #aj days1 p>ticul>ly aft] ea* h>d ra91 & %all[ cultivation giv5 9 hot1 dry wea!r to cons]ve ! natural moi/ure ( ! soil4 ,good comm]cial f]tiliz]s1 su* z are commonly us$ 9 truck g>d5s1 are b5eficial4 ,^? conta9+ #h p] c5t ( phosphoric acid1 #d p] c5t ( nitrog51 & #d p] c5t ( pota% are ! mo/ desirable & %\ld be appli$ at ! rate ( ab\t #fjj p\nds p] acre4 ,/able manure at ! rate ( #ab to #bj tons to ! acre may be us$ if pl[$ "u :5 ! gr\nd is prep>$4 ,belladonna is sometimes affect$ by a wilt disease1 :i* is aggravat$ by wet soils & fre% animal manures1 & ! foliage is gre$ily attack$ by ! potato beetle4 ,du/+ ) lime1 spot1 or road du/ 9 ! morn+ :5 ! leaves are wet ) dew is occasionally effective4 ,! de/ructive attacks ( ^! pe/s are usually conf9$ to ! se$ b$ or to fir/-ye> plant+s1 b ! insects may be controll$ by ! c>eful use ( insecticides4 ,! leaves are pick$ :5 ! plants are 9 full bloom4 ,!y %\ld be c>efully h&l$1 to avoid bruis+1 & dri$ 9 ! %ade 9 ord] to reta9 _! gre5 color4 ,a hundr$ p\nds ( fre% leaves yield ab\t #ah p\nds :5 well dri$4 ,"o crop only c be collect$ ! ye> ( plant+1 b two crops are ga!r$ 9 ea* ( ! next two or ?ree ye>s1 aft] :i* x appe>s bett] to m>ket ! roots & make new plant+s4 ,:ile only ! leaves %\ld be collect$ = ! be/ ph>maceutical trade1 ! "y gr[?1 includ+ ! small] sappy twigs1 has m$ic9al value & may be %e>$ f ! plants & dri$ 9 ! same mann] z ! leaves4 ,! ease ( collection & increas$ weight ( mat]ial may r5d] ! latt] me?od m pr(itable4 ,! roots alone are n z pr(itable z ! leaves4 ,! be/ roots are ^? ( ! second & ?ird ye>'s gr[?4 ,!y are h>ve/$ 9 ! fall aft] fro/1 ! tops be+ m[$ & rak$ (f & ! roots turn$ out ) a deep-runn+ pl[1 or ) a potato =k if ! area be small4 ,!y are c>efully wa%$ & cut into ab\t #d-;in* l5g?s1 ! l>g] pieces be+ split l5g?wise to aid 9 dry+4 ,?or\gh dry+ ei!r 9 ! sun or ) mild artificial heat is ess5tial2 o!rwise1 ! roots w mold :5 /or$4 ,! high prices paid = belladonna dur+ ! w> greatly /imulat$ ! cultivation ( ?is crop1 :i* _h previ\sly be5 gr[n ) "s success 9 ,cali=nia1 ,mi*igan1 ,indiana1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,new ,j]sey1 & "s o!r ,/ates4 ,9 #aiah1 #bgc acres ( belladonna 7 h>ve/$1 ! total production be+ ab\t #hc tons ( h]b 7includ+ leaves & /ems71 an av]age ( #fjj p\nds p] acre4 ,f #acf acres #aa tons ( root 7 h>ve/$1 an av]age ( #afd p\nds p] acre4 ,! m>ket+ ( ?is crop 0 foll[$ by a decl9e 9 prices1 ! quotations 9 ,june1 #aibj1 be+ #cj to #ce c5ts a p\nd = ! h]b & #ee c5ts a p\nd = ! root4 ,,blue ,,flag4 ,blue flag 7,iris v]sicolor7 is a native p]5nial plant ( common occurr5ce 9 swamps & m>%y situations ?r\gh\t ! ea/]n half ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! und]gr\nd /em 7rhizome7 & roots are ! p>ts ( ! plant us$ m$ic9ally4 ,blue flag responds readily to cultivation :5 plac$ 9 a ri*1 moi/1 & r heavy soil4 ,x is readily propagat$ f divisions ( old plants1 :i* may be set #a foot ap>t 9 r[s spac$ conv5i5tly = cultivation4 ,if ! plants are set 9 ,augu/ or ,septemb]1 ! crop may be h>ve/$ ab\t1 ! la/ ( ,octob] 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,! roots may be turn$ out ) a deep-runn+ pl[1 & aft] be+ ?or\ghly wa%$ & ! l>g] clu/]s brok5 up !y %\ld be ?or\ghly dri$4 ,artificial dry+ at l[ heat is usually desirable4 ,yields at ! rate ( #c or #d tons ( dri$ root p] acre h be5 obta9$ f small plats4 ,! prew> price paid to collectors v>i$ f ye> to ye> & usually rang$ f #e to #aj c5ts a p\nd4 ,! price 9 ,june1 #aibj1 0 #ce c5ts a p\nd4 ,?is crop does n appe> to be v promis+1 ow+ to ! relatively small dem& = ! root ,,boneset4 ,boneset 7,eupatorium p]foliatum7 is a h>dy1 r long-liv$ p]5nial plant commonly f\nd gr[+ 9 l[ gr\nds ?r\gh\t ! ea/]n half ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! dri$ leaves & fl[]+ tops =m ! (ficial drug4 ,divisions ( clumps ( wild plants collect$ e>ly 9 ! fall w s]ve = propagation4 ,^! may be set ab\t a foot ap>t 9 r[s 9 well-prep>$ soil4 ,dur+ ! fir/ w9t] ! newly set divisions %\ld be protect$ ) a light mul* ( /raw or manure4 ,plants may also be gr[n f se$s1 :i* %\ld be collect$ z soon z ripe & s[n 9 %all[ drills ab\t #h in*es ap>t 9 a ri*1 moi/ se$ b$1 pref]ably 9 p>tial %ade4 ,:5 ( suffici5t size !y may be set 9 ! field at ab\t ! same di/ance z ! divid$ clumps4 ,! plants are cut late 9 ! summ] :5 9 full bloom & ! leaves & fl[]+ tops /ripp$ f ! /em by h& & c>efully dri$ )\t exposure to ! sun4 ,yields ( well-cultivat$ boneset are q l>ge & #b1jjj p\nds or m p] acre ( dry h]b may be obta9$ "u favorable conditions4 ,! prew> price = boneset r>ely exce$$ #b to #c c5ts a p\nd4 ,! price 9 ,june1 #aibj1 0 #ab to #ac c5ts a p\nd4 ,s9ce ! dem& is limit$ & ! wild supply fairly available1 ! cultivation ( boneset does n (f] mu* prospect ( pr(it4 ,,burdock4 ,burdock 7,arctium lappa7 is a l>ge bi5nial plant well kn[n z a common & tr\blesome we$ 9 ! ,ea/]n & ,c5tral ,/ates & 9 "s we/]n localities4 ,! dri$ root f plants ( ! fir/ ye>'s gr[? =ms ! (ficial drug1 b ! se$s & leaves are also us$ m$ic9ally4 ,burdock w gr[ 9 almo/ any soil1 b ! be/ root developm5t is favor$ by a light well-dra9$ soil ri* 9 humus4 ,! se$s g]m9ate readily & may be s[n directly 9 ! field1 ei!r late 9 ! fall or e>ly 9 ! spr+4 ,! se$ may be s[n 9 drills #ah in*es or #c feet ap>t1 z desir$1 & %\ld be s[n #a in* deep if 9 ! fall1 b less deeply if s[n 9 ! spr+4 ,:5 ! se$l+s are well up !y %\ld be ?9n$ to /& ab\t #f in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,cultivation %\ld cont9ue z long z ! size ( ! plants w p]mit4 ,! roots are h>ve/$ at ! end ( ! fir/ ye>'s gr[? 9 ord] to secure ! mo/ acceptable drug & also to prev5t ! plants f be>+ se$ & spread+ z a we$4 ,! tops ( ! plants may be cut ) a m[] & rak$ (f1 aft] :i* ! roots c usually be turn$ out ) a deep-runn+ pl[ or ) a beet lift]4 ,9 a dry & v s&y soil ! roots frequ5tly ext5d to a dep? ( #b or #c feet1 mak+ x necess>y to dig !m by h&4 ,aft] digg+1 any rema9+ tops are remov$ & ! roots are wa%$ & dri$1 ! dry+ be+ pref]ably by ! use ( l[ artificial heat4 ,! roots are usually split l5g?wise into two or m pieces 9 ord] to facilitate dry+1 al?\gh :ole roots are m>ketable4 ,yields at ! rate ( #a1ejj to #b1jjj p\nds ( dry roots p] acre h be5 obta9$4 ,! prew> prices (f]$ by deal]s rang$ f #d to #f c5ts a p\nd4 ,! prices = ! root & se$ 9 ,june1 #aibj1 7 #ab c5ts a p\nd ea*4 ,,calamus4 ,calamus1 or sweet flag 7,acorus calamus71 is a native p]5nial plant1 occurr+ frequ5tly along /reams & 9 ! edges ( swamps ?r\gh\t ! ea/]n half ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! dri$ root 7rhizome or root/ock7 is ! "p us$ z a drug4 ,al?\gh calamus 9 a wild /ate is usually f\nd gr[+ 9 wat]1 x may be cultivat$ 9 almo/ any good soil :i* is fairly moi/4 ,x usually does well on mod]ately dry upl& soils :i* w produce fair crops ( corn or potatoes4 ,! plants are readily propagat$ f divisions ( old roots1 :i* %\ld be set e>ly 9 ! fall #a foot ap>t 9 r[s & well cov]$4 ,dur+ ! foll[+ gr[+ season ! plants %\ld receive frequ5t & ?or\gh cultivation4 ,! roots are h>ve/$ 9 ! fall & may be readily dug ) a spade or turn$ out ) a pl[4 ,! tops1 toge!r ) ab\t an in* ( ! root/ock1 are next cut (f & us$ to make new plant+s4 ,! roots are wa%$ & dri$ artificially at a mod]ately l[ degree ( heat4 ,! m>ketable product consi/s ( ! ?ick root/ocks depriv$ ( _! small rootlets (t5 call$ fib]s4 ,^! may be remov$ be=e dry+1 b m easily aft]w>ds1 s9ce :5 dry & brittle !y break (f readily ) a little h&l+4 ,roots ?us treat$ are (t5 call$ /ripp$ & are m aromatic ?an ^? :i* h be5 peel$4 ,yields at ! rate ( #b1jjj p\nds ( dry roots p] acre h be5 obta9$4 ,! prew> price = ! unpeel$ root usually rang$ f #c to #e c5ts a p\nd4 ,! prices 9 ,june1 #aibj1 7 #aj to #ab c5ts a p\nd4 ,! annual importation ( calamus root ranges f #e to #aj tons4 ,,cal5dula4 ,cal5dula1 or pot m>igold 7,cal5dula (fic9alis71 is a h>dy annual plant native to s\!rn ,europe1 b frequ5tly gr[n 9 fl[] g>d5s 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! dri$ fl[] heads are sometimes us$ 9 s\ps & /ews1 & ! s-call$ petals 7ligulate florets7 are employ$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,cal5dula gr[s well on a v>iety ( soils1 b a mod]ately ri* g>d5 loam w give ! be/ results4 ,! se$ may be s[n 9 op5 gr\nd e>ly 9 ! spr+ 9 drills #ah in*es ap>t4 ,z soon z ! se$l+s are well e/abli%$ !y %\ld be ?9n$ to /& ab\t a foot ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,9 ! ,nor? x is desirable to s[ ! se$ ab\t ! fir/ ( ,april 9 coldframes or sp5t hotb$s & transplant ! "y se$l+s z soon z ! dang] ( fro/ is pa/4 ,! plants blossom e>ly & cont9ue to bloom ?r\gh\t ! summ]4 ,! fl[]s are ga!r$ at int]vals ( a few days & c>efully dri$4 ,! petals 7florets7 :i* =m ! drug may be remov$ ei!r be=e or aft] ! fl[] heads are dri$4 ,! petals are remov$ by h&1 b ?is process requires s mu* "t t :5 ! co/ ( ! necess>y labor is tak5 into acc\nt x is d\btful :e!r ! price receiv$ = ! drug w\ld cov] ! co/ ( production4 ,! dri$ :ole fl[]s produc$ 9 ?is c\ntry 7 quot$ 9 ! :olesale m>kets 9 ,june1 #aibj1 at #be c5ts to #a a p\nd1 accord+ to quality2 ! petals1 at #a4ie to #b4aj a p\nd4 ,,camomile1 ,,g]man4 ,g]man camomile 7,matric>ia *amomilla7 is a ,european annual h]b ( ! a/] family1 cultivat$ 9 ?is c\ntry 9 g>d5s1 f :i* x has escap$ 9 "s localities4 ,! dri$ fl[] heads are us$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,?is species ( camomile does well on mod]ately heavy soil :i* is ri* 9 humus & r moi/4 ,s9ce ! plants bloom ab\t eight weeks aft] s[+ ! se$1 a crop ( camomile may be gr[n f se$ s[n ei!r e>ly 9 ! spr+ or late 9 ! summ]1 foll[+ e>ly vegetable crops4 ,! se$ may be s[n 9 drills & b>ely cov]$ or may be broadca/1 s9ce ! plants w soon occupy ! gr\nd & exclude ! we$s4 ,:5 ! plants are ,9 full bloom ! fl[] heads are ga!r$ & may be spread ?9ly on canvas %eets & dri$ 9 ! sun4 ,all leaves & /ems %\ld be remov$1 & :5 ! fl[]s are ?or\ghly dry !y %\ld be pack$ = m>ket 9 boxes or bales r ?an 9 bags1 s9ce 9 ! latt] ! fl[]s are likely to be badly brok5 9 h&l+4 ,returns f exp]im5tal areas indicate t a yield ( ab\t #djj p\nds ( dry fl[]s p] acre may be expect$ "u favorable conditions4 ,prew> :olesale prices usually rang$ f ab\t #ae to #dj c5ts a p\nd4 ,! prices 9 ,june1 #aibj1 7 #da to #dc c5ts a p\nd4 ,,camomile1 ,,roman4 ,roman camomile 7also call$ ,engli% camomile1 ,an!mis nobilis7 is a ,european p]5nial h]b ( ! a/] family1 frequ5tly cultivat$ 9 g>d5s 9 ?is c\ntry & sometimes f\nd gr[+ wild4 ,9 ,am]ica1 camomile is gr[n *iefly z an ornam5tal plant1 especially = use 9 bord]s1 s9ce ! plants blossom f midsumm] until kill$ by fro/4 ,! dri$ fl[] heads f cultivat$ plants are us$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,camomile gr[s well 9 almo/ any good1 r dry soil :i* has full exposure to ! sun4 ,! plants may be gr[n f se$s or propagat$ by divid+ ! roots e>ly 9 ! spr+4 ,! divisions ( ! root may be plant$ #i in*es ap>t 9 r[s spac$ accord+ to ! me?od ( cultivation to be us$4 ,:5 plant$ on a small scale ! divisions1 or (fsets1 may be set #i in*es ap>t ea* way 9 c>efully prep>$ soil4 ,h& we$+ is necess>y1 b s9ce ! plants soon spread & fully %ade ! gr\nd1 we$s usually h small *ance ( becom+ tr\blesome4 ,! fl[] heads are ga!r$ j z !y op51 ei!r by h& or by means ( a fl[] pick]1 & are dri$ 9 ! op5 9 bright wea!r or1 :5 necess>y1 on canvas trays 9 a heat$ room4 ,rapid dry+ is ess5tial1 z x is desirable to reta9 ! :ite color z f> z possible4 ,! yield is v>iable1 b f #djj to #fjj p\nds ( dri$ fl[]s p] acre may be expect$4 ,! prices = ,roman camomile quot$ 9 ! :olesale drug m>kets ( ?is c\ntry prior to ! w> usually rang$ f ab\t #aj to #ab c5ts a p\nd4 ,! prices 9 ,june1 #aibj1 7 #ah to #bj c5ts a p\nd4 ,s9ce ?is crop requires mu* h& labor1 its cultivation 9 ?is c\ntry on a comm]cial scale does n promise to be v pr(itable4 ,,camphor4 ,! camphor tree 7,camphora (fic9alis7 is a l>ge ev]gre51 native to ,asia4 ,x is h>dy 9 situations :]e ! w9t] temp]ature does n fall bel[ #ae ,f41 & = _m ye>s has be5 gr[n z an ornam5tal 9 ! s\!rn & s\?we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,"y trees suitable = plant+ z ornam5tals may usually be obta9$ f ! nurs]ies 9 ,florida & o!r p>ts ( ! ,s\?1 or !y c be easily gr[n f fre% se$4 ,= culture on a comm]cial scale ! climatic requirem5ts ( camphor are practically ! same z ^? ( citrus fruits4 ,! tree c be gr[n 9 almo/ any soil1 b ! maximum gr[? is secur$ 9 soils :i* are ri* & well dra9$4 ,:5 plant$ = comm]cial cultivation new l& is pref]able4 ,! foll[+ /atem5ts are bas$ ^u actual exp]im5ts & obs]vations on ! gr[+ & production ( camphor "u conditions f\nd 9 ,florida4 ,camphor se$s rip5 ab\t ! middle ( ,octob] & %\ld be plant$ :ile fre%1 a bett] g]m9ation be+ obta9$ :5 ! pulp is remov$4 ,! se$ b$ %\ld be select$ ) c>e & ! precaution tak5 to h "o t w give suffici5t moi/ure dur+ ! dry season & yet be well dra9$4 ,= small se$ b$s ( #b or #c acres or less x may be practicable to provide irrigation4 ,excell5t /&s ( se$l+s h be5 obta9$ on slightly roll+ l& :i* orig9ally 0 cov]$ ) blackjack oak4 ,ab\t ! fir/ ( ,septemb]1 or some:at e>li] if conditions p]mit1 ! l& %\ld be well pl[$ & ?or\ghly work$ d[n ) a disk h>r[4 ,j be=e ! se$s are plant$ x %\ld aga9 be work$ ov] & all roots ( ,b]muda grass or o!r we$s remov$1 s9ce rapidly gr[+ grasses or we$s w absorb s mu* moi/ure f ! soil t ! se$s c n g]m9ate4 ,! se$s beg9 to rip5 dur+ ! fir/ "p ( ,octob] & are usually 9 a fairly well rip5$ /age by ! la/ ( t mon?4 ,f ?is "t until ! heavy fro/s !y c be ga!r$ & plant$ ) safety4 ,se$s ga!r$ aft] heavy fro/s h be5 plant$ successfully1 b x is n advisable to take ! risk ( too h>d a freeze4 ,9 det]m9+ ! "t to ga!r se$ a simple te/ is suffici5t4 ,se$s t fall into ! h& :5 ! clu/] is slightly twi/$ are ripe en\gh to plant4 ,9 plant+1 a cotton-dropp+ ma*9e1 modifi$ some:at to meet ! new requirem5ts1 may be us$4 ,! ma*9e is set to plant ! se$s #b or #c in*es ap>t & cov] !m #a in* deep 9 r[s f> en\gh ap>t to p]mit horse cultivation4 ,! plants beg9 to come up 9 ab\t ?ree mon?s1 b f\r or five mon?s are (t5 requir$ = a full /&4 ,z soon z ! plants c be di/+ui%$ 9 ! r[s cultivation is begun1 :i* at fir/ is done by h& ) ei!r a :eel or h& hoe4 ,lat]1 z ! plants atta9 size1 a horse cultivator c be us$1 b a c]ta9 am\nt ( h&work is necess>y ?r\gh\t ! "t ! plants rema9 9 ! se$ b$4 ,:5 ! plants are well />t$ !y %\ld receive a good application ( %eep or goat manure or ( high-grade f]tiliz]4 ,! fir/ season a gr[? ( f #c to #ah in*es may be expect$1 ! irregul>ity ( developm5t dep5d+ on ! vitality ( ! se$1 v>iation 9 ! soil1 & num]\s o!r factors4 ,! plants are all[$ to gr[ 9 ! se$ b$ usually = a ye> & are !n transplant$ to ! field4 ,9 transplant+ x is cu/om>y to sep>ate ! plants into two grades1 /urdy & weak1 plant+ ea* grade 9 a field by itself4 ,by do+ ?is ! replant+ is simplifi$1 s9ce ! /urdy /ock requires b few trees = replant+ & ! weak /ock1 :i* w require consid]able replant+1 is all 9 "o section4 ,previ\s to transplant+1 ! l& is well prep>$ by deep pl[+ & ?or\gh h>r[+1 & r[s are laid (f #ae feet ap>t4 ,! "y trees are set 9 ^! r[s #d feet ap>t1 ei!r by h& or ) a tree-sett+ ma*9e4 ,?is ma*9e is simply a tobacco-sett+ ma*9e fitt$ ) a tr5* op5] set to op5 a furr[ #h in*es deep1 9 :i* ! trees are plac$4 ,! trees us$ = transplant+ are head$ back to )9 #a in* ( ! cr[n1 & ! l[] end ( ! taproot & all l>ge lat]als are remov$4 ,! taproot ( ! tree z plant$ is ?us r$uc$ 9 l5g? to #h or #aj in*es & v>ies 9 diamet] accord+ to ! vitality & previ\s gr[? ( ! se$l+4 ,transplant+ %\ld be done 9 ! w9t] mon?s1 :5 ! trees are dormant4 ,cultivation is begun z soon z ! trees put =? %oots 9 ! spr+ & cont9u$ until ! ra9y season ( ea* ye>4 ,aft] ! ra9y season ! plants are aga9 cultivat$ & all grass & we$s remov$4 ,at times cultivation is necess>y dur+ ! ra9y season 9 ord] to keep ! trees f becom+ smo!r$ & kill$ by ! fa/-gr[+ we$s4 ,"o-horse cultivators drawn by mules or a gang cultivator drawn by a light tractor may be us$4 ,9 ?ree or f\r ye>s1 aft] transplant+1 ! trees %\ld be f #g to #h feet high4 ,!y are !n trimm$ by means ( a special ma*9e#c to =m an ,a-%ap$ h$ge & ! trimm+s di/ill$ = ! oil & camphor gum4 ,trimm+ is c>ri$ on :5 ! trees are 9 ! dormant /age1 :i* is twice ea* ye>1 usually ,novemb] to ,janu>y & ,may to ,june4 ,! summ] dormant season is some:at irregul> & gov]n$ entirely by local conditions4 #c ,a detail$ description ( ?is ma*9e is giv5 9 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agr4 ,cir4 #gh1 entitl$ ,a ,ma*9e = ,trimm+ ,camphor ,trees4 #aibj4 ,! cutt+s are haul$ f ! field to ! di/ill+ plant1 & if _m l>ge bran*es are pres5t !y are run ?r\gh a heavy ensilage cutt]4 ,= di/illation !y are pack$ 9 l>ge iron retorts1 to :i* /eam is admitt$ at ! bottom4 ,! outlet pipe ( ! retort is connect$ ) a specially con/ruct$ cond5s+ app>atus 9 :i* ! oil & camphor c>ri$ ov] by ! /eam are cond5s$ & p>tly collect$4 ,portions ( oil & camphor n collect$ 9 ! cond5s] are caught 9 a tub fitt$ ) an outlet siphon :i* c>ries away ! excess cond5s$ /eam b leaves ! oil & camphor beh9d4 ,:5 remov$ f ! cond5s] ! product is v crude1 consi/+ ( a mixture ( oil1 wat]1 & camphor4 ,?is mixture is ei!r ?r[n into a c5trifuge & ! oil & wat] remov$ or x is plac$ 9 l>ge cyl9drical vats & ! oil & wat] all[$ to dra9 out4 ,! oil is !n sep>at$ f ! wat] by means ( a siphon4 ,! camphor & oil are m>ket$ sep>ately4 ,! annual yield ( cutt+s has v>i$ f #b to #e tons p] acre1 :i* %\ld give approximately #dj to #ajj p\nds ( m>ketable camphor4 ,at pres5t ! plant+ ( small areas does n seem advisable1 9 view ( ! heavy outlay requir$ = ! ma*9]y necess>y to produce camphor gum at a pr(it4 ,an area ( less ?an #ejj acres w\ld probably n w>rant ! in/allation ( ! ma*9]y necess>y = ! comm]cial production ( camphor1 & #a1jjj acres or m w d\btless give a great] net return p] acre4 ,al?\gh ! crop is a l[-pric$ "o1 "u favorable conditions x is e/imat$ t a fair return p] acre may be expect$1 b ! data s f> accumulat$ are n suffici5t to w>rant specific /atem5ts conc]n+ ! pr(itabl5ess ( ! indu/ry4 ,camphor oil1 or ! oil f :i* camphor has be5 remov$1 is us$ 9 ,japan = illum9at+ purposes1 & z a solv5t = res9s 9 ! manufacture ( lacqu]4 ,x is us$ 9 ,europe = its safrol cont5t1 & may probably be utiliz$ = ! same purpose 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,!re exi/s already 9 ! ,am]ican m>ket a dem& = ! ,japanese oil at prices rang+ f #aa to #ad c5ts p] p\nd4 ,camphor imports into ! ,unit$ ,/ates usually exce$ #c1jjj1jjj p\nds annually2 h5ce1 x does n seem probable t !re is any dang] ( ov]production 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,h[ev]1 x is possible t at times camphor may be import$ at a price s l[ z to r5d] production 9 ?is c\ntry f9ancially unpr(itable4 ,,cannabis4 ,! drug cannabis or ,indian hemp 7,cannabis sativa71 consi/s ( ! dri$ fl[]+ tops ( ! female plants4 ,x gr[s well ov] a consid]able portion ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b ! production ( ! active pr9ciple ( ?is plant is believ$ to be favor$ by a w>m climate4 ,= drug purposes1 !re=e1 ?is crop appe>s to be adapt$ to ! ,s\!rn r ?an to ! ,nor!rn ,/ates4 ,cannabis is propagat$ f se$s1 :i* %\ld be plant$ 9 ! spr+ z soon z conditions are suitable1 9 well-prep>$ s&y ( clayey loam at a dep? ( ab\t an in* 9 r[s #e or #f feet ap>t4 ,! se$s may be dropp$ e two or ?ree in*es 9 ! r[ or plant$ 9 hills ab\t a foot ap>t 9 ! r[1 #f to #aj se$s be+ dropp$ into ea* hill4 ,two or ?ree p\nds ( se$ p] acre %\ld give a good /&4 ,ab\t half ! se$s w produce male plants1 :i* mu/ be remov$ be=e _! fl[]s mature2 o!rwise1 ! female plants w set se$1 !reby dim9i%+ _! value z a drug4 ,! male plants c be recogniz$ ) c]ta9ty only by ! pres5ce ( /am5s 9 _! fl[]s4 ,ord9>y /able or b>ny>d manure pl[$ 9 deeply is bett] = use z a f]tiliz] ?an comm]cial prep>ations & may be safely appli$ at ! rate ( #bj tons p] acre4 ,h[ev]1 good results may be obta9$ ) comm]cial f]tiliz]s1 su* z are us$ = truck crops & potatoes1 :5 cultivat$ 9 betwe5 ! r[s at ! rate ( #ejj or #fjj p\nds p] acre4 ,:5 ! female plants rea* maturity1 a /icky res9 =ms on ! heavy1 compact fl[] clu/]s1 & h>ve/+ may !n be begun4 ,! tops ( ! plants compris+ ! fl[] clu/]s are cut & c>efully dri$ 9 ! %ade to pres]ve ! gre5 color z f> z possible4 ,dry+ c be/ be done1 especially 9 damp wea!r1 by ! use ( artificial heat1 n to exce$ #adj ,f4 ,= sev]al ye>s cannabis ( /&>d 7,u4 ,s4 ,p47 quality has be5 gr[n on a comm]cial scale 9 ?is c\ntry1 *iefly 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,virg9ia4 ,aft] ! fl[]+ tops are h>ve/$ !y are ?or\ghly dri$ "u cov]1 !n work$ ov] by h&1 & all ! /ems & l>ge foliage leaves remov$4 ,?is process gives a drug ( high quality b greatly r$uces ! net or m>ketable yield p] acre1 :i* usually ranges f #cej to #djj p\nds4 ,"s gr[]s d n remove ! /ems & leaves1 ?us increas+ ! acreage yield b r$uc+ ! m>ket value ( _! product4 ,! quality ( cannabis c be det]m9$ only by special laboratory te/s1 :i* mo/ deal]s are n equipp$ to make2 consequ5tly1 !y are usually unwill+ to pay gr[]s z high prices z !y w\ld if ! l[-grade cannabis 7 kept (f ! m>ket4 ,! m>ket price 9 ,june1 #aibj1 = te/$ 7,u4 ,s4 ,p47 dome/ic cannabis 0 #cj to #ce c5ts2 = nonte/$1 #bj to #be c5ts a p\nd4 ,,c>away4 ,c>away 7,c>um c>vi7 is a ,european bi5nial h]b ( ! p>sley family4 ,x gr[s & fruits well ov] a consid]able portion ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 especially 9 ! ,nor? & ,nor?we/1 b its cultivation 9 ?is c\ntry seems nev] to h assum$ comm]cial proportions4 ,! se$s are us$ m$ic9ally1 b are ma9ly utiliz$ = flavor+ cakes1 confection]y1 & simil> products4 ,on di/illation ) /eam1 ! se$s yield an aromatic oil1 :i* is m us$ 9 m$ic9e ?an ! se$ itself4 ,soil ( a some:at clayey nature & conta9+ a fair proportion ( humus & available plant food is p>ticul>ly suit$ to c>away1 b ! plant g5]ally gr[s well 9 any good upl& soil :i* w produce fair crops ( corn or potatoes4 ,se$s %\ld be s[n 9 e>ly spr+ 9 drills ab\t #af in*es ap>t1 & f #f to #h p\nds ( se$ are s[n to ! acre4 ,frequ5t %all[ cultivation ?r\gh\t bo? gr[+ seasons is desirable 9 ord] to keep ! soil mell[ & free f we$s1 z a we$y crop at h>ve/ "t usually means a product inf]ior 9 quality4 ,z soon z ! olde/ se$s rip51 :i* is usually 9 ,june ( ! second ye>1 ! crop %\ld be h>ve/$4 ,! plants may be cut ) a m[] & %\ld be left 9 ! swa? until !y h lo/ mo/ ( _! moi/ure1 :5 !y may be built up into small cocks1 or !y may be br\ght 9 f ! field & ! cur+ f9i%$ 9 a b>n l(t4 ,if on h&l+ 9 ! field ! se$s %att] ext5sively1 ! crop %\ld be br\ght 9 9 tight wagons4 ,:5 dry+ is f9i%$ ! se$s are ?ra%$ out1 clean$1 & /or$ 9 bags :i* conta9 ab\t #ajj p\nds ea*4 ,returns f exp]im5tal areas indicate t a yield ( ab\t #a1jjj p\nds ( se$ p] acre may be expect$4 ,"o hundr$ p\nds ( se$ w usually yield #d to #f p\nds ( oil4 ,! av]age annual importation ( c>away se$ = sev]al ye>s has be5 ab\t #b1jjj1jjj p\nds1 valu$ at ab\t #i c5ts a p\nd4 ,! w> r$uc$ ! annual importations ( oil ( c>away f #cj1jjj to #i1jjj p\nds & increas$ ! value f #hj c5ts to ab\t #d4be a p\nd4 ,,casc>a ,,sagrada4 ,casc>a1 or casc>a sagrada 7,rhamnus pur%iana71 is a small tree #bj to #cj feet high1 native to ! ,we/]n "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & f\nd mo/ abundantly 9 a n>r[ belt along ! ,pacific slope f nor!rn ,cali=nia to s\!rn ,briti% ,columbia4 ,! b>k f ! trunk & bran*es is ! s\rce ( ! drug1 = :i* !re is a con/ant & /eady dem&4 ,plant+s :i* h be5 made 9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates indicate t ?is tree may probably be gr[n along ! ,atlantic slope 9 ! ,pi$mont or foo?ill belt f ,p5nsylvania to ,georgia4 ,! trees h be5 f\nd to gr[ bett] 9 clay loam ?an 9 ei!r s& or clay4 ,propagation f se$ is easy1 b ! se$s %\ld be plant$ 9 ! fall soon aft] !y rip5 or /ratifi$ 9 s& until us$1 s9ce g]m9ation is v poor if ! se$s are all[$ to become dry4 ,! se$s are s[n 9 a se$ b$ "u %ade 9 drills #h in*es ap>t & cov]$ ab\t #a in* deep4 ,! se$l+s rea* a height ( #aj to #ae in*es ! fir/ ye>1 & 9 ! foll[+ spr+ be=e ! leaves appe> !y are set 9 ! field #f feet ap>t ea* way4 ,x is advisable to cultivate frequ5tly1 9 ord] to keep ! we$s d[n & to ma9ta9 a %all[ surface mul*4 ,if ! trees are prun$ prop]ly1 a crop ( b>k may be h>ve/$ ea* ye> )\t kill+ ! :ole tree1 z is done 9 collect+ ! b>k f wild trees4 ,at ! "t ( transplant+1 ! trees are cut back to a /raight /em ab\t a foot high1 f :i* all except ! f\r upp]mo/ buds are remov$4 ,! bran*es :i* aft]w>ds develop f ^! buds are lat] depriv$ ( _! l[] side %oots1 ?us caus+ ! tree to gr[ a head ( f\r long1 /\t bran*es in/ead ( a s+le /raight trunk4 ,:5 ! trees are l>ge en\gh to yield a crop ( b>k1 ! longe/ ( ! f\r bran*es is cut (f e>ly 9 ! spr+ flu% ) ! trunk & a new bran* is all[$ to gr[ 9 its place4 ,?is process may be repeat$ ye>ly1 remov+ only ! l>ge/ bran*es ( ea* tree 9 any "o season4 ,! b>k on ! cut-(f bran*es is divid$ ) a %>p knife into l5g?wise /rips ( ab\t an in* or two 9 wid?1 :i* may be readily pull$ (f4 ,x is !n dri$ c>efully at a l[ temp]ature 9 ! %ade & brok5 into small pieces to facilitate pack+ & h&l+4 ,! price paid to collectors = casc>a b>k1 :i* be=e ! w> usually v>i$ f #a to #d c5ts a p\nd1 9 ,june1 #aibj1 0 ab\t #aj c5ts a p\nd4 ,s long z a supply ( ! wild b>k cont9ues to be available x is d\btful :e!r casc>a c be cultivat$ at a pr(it4 ,,ca/or ,,beans4 ,! ca/or-oil plant or ,palma ,*ri/i 7,ric9us communis7 is a robu/ p]5nial 9 tropical c\ntries :i* becomes an annual 9 regions subject to fro/4 ,! se$s ( ?is plant1 call$ ca/or beans or mole beans1 yield ! ca/or oil ( comm]ce4 ,betwe5 #ahfj & #aijj1 ! ca/or bean 0 an important crop 9 c]ta9 sections ( ,oklahoma1 ,kansas1 ,miss\ri1 & ,ill9ois1 b dur+ rec5t ye>s its culture has be5 practically ab&on$ 9 favor ( crops :i* are easi] to h&le & m pr(itable4 ,= ! comm]cial production ( ca/or beans a w>m climate & long gr[+ season are necess>y4 ,if plant$ mu* f>!r nor? ?an ,/4 ,l\is1 ,mo41 or ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c1 ! crop is v likely to be caught by fro/4 ,9 g5]al1 any f]tile soil :i* produces good crops ( cotton or corn is suitable = ca/or beans1 b a v f]tile soil favors ! gr[? ( ! plant at ! exp5se ( se$ production & e>ly maturity4 ,! l& is prep>$ 9 mu* ! same mann] z = cotton or corn2 t is1 pl[$1 disk$1 & h>r[$ level be=e plant+1 :i* may be done by h& or ) a corn plant] ) specially prep>$ plates4 ,! se$ %\ld be plant$ e>ly 9 ! spr+1 z soon z ! soil is w>m b /ill mod]ately moi/4 ,! "t ( plant+ v>ies accord+ to locality1 b 9 g5]al corresponds to t ( cotton4 ,! se$ is plant$ 9 hills at a dep? ( #a to #b in*es4 ,t[>d ! nor?1 ! r[s are usually made #d feet ap>t & ! hills spac$ #c feet ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,f>!r s\? ! r[s %\ld usually be made ab\t #f to #h feet ap>t4 ,on v light l& ! hills may be #d feet ap>t 9 ! r[2 on heavi] l&1 #f to #h feet ap>t4 ,z a g5]al rule ?ree se$s are plant$ to ! hill1 & n less ?an two %\ld be plant$4 ,"o bu%el ( m$ium-siz$ se$ %\ld plant f #e to #f acres4 ,:5 ! plants are f #d to #f in*es tall1 ! weak] ones %\ld be remov$1 leav+ "o plant 9 a hill4 ,! crop is cultivat$ simil> to corn until ! plants are l>ge en\gh to %ade ! gr\nd4 ,9 case ! field becomes f\l ) we$s & grass1 "s hoe+ may be necess>y1 b practically all ! cultivation requir$ c be done ) a horse-drawn we$]4 ,"s v>ieties 9 :i* ! beans pop out :5 ! hull is fully ripe are kn[n locally z popp]s1 & aft] ! beans beg9 to rip51 ! field mu/ be gone ov] e few days & ! ripe beans collect$ 9 ord] to avoid loss4 ,o!r v>ieties t5d to reta9 ! beans 9 ! hull aft] !y are ripe4 ,! climate affects ! popp+ ( ! beans1 & a v>iety :i* %att]s badly 9 "o region may %att] v little :5 gr[n 9 ano!r4 ,9 h>ve/+1 a common me?od is to cut (f ! spikes ) a knife & collect !m 9 l>ge sacks4 ,!y are !n haul$ to a %elt] ( "s k9d & all[$ to dry until ! pods w cru% easily4 ,v>i\s me?ods are us$ 9 ?ra%+ ca/or beans4 ,if ! v>iety gr[n is "o :i* pops or drops its se$s :5 !y are ripe1 ! spikes are sometimes pil$ on a h>d gr\nd or plank floor fully expos$ to ! sun & furni%$ ) sides ( bo>ds or clo? #f to #h feet high to cat* ! beans z !y pop out4 ,9 "s v>ieties m]e dry+ does n cause ! pods to op51 & specially con/ruct$ ma*9es h be5 us$ to remove ! beans f ! pods4 ,aft] ! beans h be5 ?ra%$ or popp$ out1 a fann+ mill is us$ to sep>ate ! hulls1 *aff1 & dirt f ! beans1 :i* are !n sack$ & /or$ = m>ket4 ,! yield v>ies greatly & w dep5d mu* ^u cultural conditions1 ! season1 ! v>iety gr[n1 & ! c>e ex]cis$ 9 h>ve/+ & ?ra%+ ! se$s4 ,9 ,oklahoma ! av]age yield ( ! popp+ v>ieties is said to be #h to #aj bu%els p] acre4 ,yields up to #be bu%els p] acre h be5 report$ = favorable conditions4 ,= "s ye>s prior to ! w> ! f>m price = ca/or beans 0 ab\t #a a bu%el4 ,e>ly 9 ! w> ! increas$ dem& = ca/or oil caus$ a %>p advance 9 ! price ( ! beans1 :i* has gradually decl9$4 ,9 ,june1 #aibj1 ! :olesale m>ket quotation 0 ab\t #c a bu%el4 ,! normal m>ket requirem5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ca/or beans is ab\t #a1jjj1jjj bu%els annually1 b dur+ ! la/ ye> ( ! w> ne>ly #c1jjj1jjj bu%els 7 import$4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ca/or beans are us$ 9 quantity only by manufactur]s ( ca/or oil4 ,9 g5]al1 ! equipm5t & op]ation ( a ca/or-oil mill resembles t ( a cottonse$-oil mill or l9se$-oil mill1 b special & exp5sive equipm5t is necess>y = ! prop] extraction ( ! oil f ca/or beans4 ,! be/ grade ( oil is obta9$ f ! beans by hydraulic pressure4 ,an additional quantity ( oil ( l[] grade is obta9$ by treat+ ! press cake ) naph?a or "s o!r volatile solv5t4 ,! pomace result+ f ! second extraction is us$ z a f]tiliz] = tobacco1 corn1 & o!r crops1 b because ( a poison\s pr9ciple c n be us$ = cattle fe$+ unless specially treat$4 ,ow+ to ! heavy outlay requir$ = ! necess>y ma*9]y & ! high co/ ( manufacture on a small scale1 x has n be5 f\nd pr(itable = ! gr[]s ( ca/or beans to und]take ! extraction ( ! oil4 ,! ca/or-oil plant is n kn[n to be poison\s1 & al?\gh ! leaves are n reli%$ by f>m animals !y are said to be us$ z fodd] = cattle 9 ,india4 ,ca/or beans1 h[ev]1 conta9 a poison\s pr9ciple1 & ?\gh h>mless :5 h&l$1 may cause s]i\s if n fatal effects :5 eat51 especially 9 ! case ( small *ildr54 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to prev5t ^! beans f be+ accid5tally mix$ ) ! gra9 f$ to animals1 s9ce _m cases h be5 report$ 9 :i* ! dea? ( horses has be5 due to eat+ fe$ 9 :i* !y h become mix$4 ,,catnip4 ,catnip 7,nepeta cat>ia7 is a ,european p]5nial plant ( ! m9t family1 :i* frequ5tly occurs 9 ?is c\ntry z a we$ 9 g>d5s & ab\t dwell+s4 ,x has long _h a popul> use z a dome/ic rem$y4 ,bo? leaves & fl[]+ tops f9d "s dem& 9 ! crude-drug trade4 ,catnip does well on almo/ any good soil1 b ?rives be/ on a well-dra9$ & mod]ately ri* g>d5 loam4 ,h[ev]1 a m fragrant & attractive h]b c be gr[n 9 s&y situations ?an 9 heavy soils4 ,! plant may be propagat$ f se$s or by root division4 ,! se$ may be s[n 9 r[s ei!r late 9 ! fall or 9 e>ly spr+ & cov]$ lightly4 ,fall-s[n se$ usually gives a m ev5 /& & a heavi] gr[? ( h]b4 ,:5 ! plants h rea*$ a height ( #d to #e in*es !y %\ld be ?9n$ to /& f #ab to #af in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,9 "s localities ! field s[+ ( se$ does n give good results1 9 :i* case plants may be />t$ 9 a coldframe & lat] transplant$ to ! field4 ,%all[ cultivation w favor a vigor\s gr[? ( ! h]b4 ,! fl[]+ tops are h>ve/$ :5 ! plants are 9 full bloom & are dri$ 9 ! %ade to pres]ve _! gre5 color4 ,9 case ! h]b is gr[n 9 l>ge quantity1 x may be cut ) a m[+ ma*9e1 ! cutt] b> ( :i* %\ld be set high4 ,! plants %\ld lie 9 ! swa? until p>tially dry1 & ! cur+ may !n be f9i%$ ei!r 9 small cocks 9 ! field or 9 ! b>n1 c>e be+ tak5 to pres]ve ! natural gre5 color z f> z possible4 ,returns f exp]im5tal areas indicate t a yield ( ab\t #b1jjj p\nds ( dri$ fl[]+ tops p] acre may be expect$ "u good conditions4 ,! h]b mu/ be c>efully sort$ & all ! l>ge or co>se /ems remov$1 aft] :i* x may be made up = ! m>ket 9 bales ( #ajj to #cjj p\nds ea*4 ,prew> prices to collectors rang$ f #b to #d c5ts a p\nd4 ,! prices 9 ,june1 #aibj1 = ! h]b 7 #e c5ts2 = ! leaves1 #aj c5ts2 & = ! leaves & fl[]s1 #ad c5ts a p\nd4 ,,*amomile4 7,see ,,camomile47 ,,conium4 ,conium1 or poison hemlock 7,conium maculatum71 is a l>ge1 poison\s ,european bi5nial plant ( ! p>sley family1 naturaliz$ 9 ! ,nor!a/]n ,/ates & 9 ,cali=nia4 ,! full-gr[n b unripe se$s 7fruits7 & ! leaves are us$ m$ic9ally4 ,conium is easily gr[n1 & has be5 f\nd to ?rive 9 bo? comp>atively moi/ clay soil & 9 dry s&y loam4 ,9 ri*1 moi/ l& x may easily become a tr\blesome we$4 ,conium gr[s readily f se$1 :i* may be s[n ei!r 9 ! fall or e>ly 9 ! spr+ 9 drills #b or m feet ap>t4 ,z soon z ! se$l+s c be di/+ui%$ 9 ! r[1 cultivation simil> to t giv5 ord9>y g>d5 crops is begun4 ,! plants usually blossom 9 ! second ye>1 & :5 ! olde/ se$s are full gr[n b /ill gre5 9 color ! plants are h>ve/$ & ! se$ at once ?ra%$ out & dri$ ) ! lea/ possible exposure to ! light4 ,! small & undevelop$ se$ %\ld be scre5$ out & reject$ & ! good se$ /or$ 9 conta9]s t w exclude light & air4 ,! leaves are collect$ :5 ! plant is 9 fl[]1 quickly dri$ 9 ! sun1 & /or$ 9 ! same mann] z ! se$4 ,e/imat$ yields at ! rate ( #fjj to #hjj p\nds ( se$ p] acre h be5 obta9$1 b ! yield is v unc]ta91 s9ce ! fl[]+ plants are especially subject to ! attacks ( insects :i* de/roy ! crop ( se$4 ,! prew> prices z quot$ 9 ! :olesale drug m>kets rang$ f #e to #aj c5ts a p\nd = ! se$ & #e to #f c5ts = ! leaves4 ,! prices 9 ,june1 #aibj1 = ! se$ 7 #ce to #cf c5ts1 & = ! leaves #be to #bf c5ts a p\nd4 ,,cori&]4 ,cori&] 7,cori&rum sativum7 is an ,old ,_w annual ( ! p>sley family4 ,= ye>s ! plant has be5 cultivat$ 9 g>d5s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & x is n[ report$ z gr[+ wild 9 _m places4 ,! aromatic se$s & ! oil di/ill$ f !m h long be5 us$ m$ic9ally4 ,bo? ! se$ & ! oil are also us$ = flavor+ confection]y & cordials & z a condim5t 9 bread & cake4 ,cori&] gr[s well on almo/ any good soil1 b ?rives be/ on deep & f]tile g>d5 loam4 ,! soil %\ld be well prep>$ be=e plant+1 :i* %\ld be done mod]ately e>ly 9 ! spr+4 ,= field cultivation ! se$ is s[n 9 r[s #c feet ap>t1 b if ! cultivation is done by h& ! di/ance betwe5 ! r[s may be r$uc$ to #ah in*es4 ,! se$ %\ld be s[n ?ickly 9 ord] to insure a good /&4 ,:5 well up1 ! plants are ?9n$ to /& #d or #e in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,cultivation %\ld cont9ue until ! plants fl[]1 :i* w be ab\t two mon?s f ! "t ( plant+4 ,:5 mo/ ( ! se$s are ripe ! plants are cut ) a scy! or m[]1 pref]ably e>ly 9 ! morn+ :ile moi/ ) dew1 9 ord] to avoid %att]+ ! se$4 ,! plants are p>tially cur$ 9 small cocks 9 ! field1 ! dry+ be+ f9i%$ 9 a b>n l(t or "u o!r suitable %elt]1 aft] :i* ! se$s are ?ra%$ out & clean$4 ,! yield ( se$ is q v>iable1 b returns f exp]im5tal areas indicate t f #ejj to #hjj p\nds p] acre may be expect$4 ,five hundr$ p\nds ( se$ w usually yield f #a to #e p\nds ( oil1 accord+ to ! localities :]e gr[n4 ,! annual importation ( cori&] se$ is ab\t #a1djj1jjj p\nds4 ,! prew> price ( ! se$ 0 ab\t #c c5ts a p\nd2 9 ,june1 #aibj1 #c to #d c5ts4 ,! :olesale price ( ! oil ( cori&]1 :i* 0 #e to #g a p\nd be=e ! w>1 9 ,june1 #aibj1 rang$ f #db to #de a p\nd4 ,,d&elion4 ,d&elion 7,t>axacum (fic9ale7 is a well-kn[n & tr\blesome p]5nial we$1 occurr+ abundantly almo/ ev]y:]e 9 ?is c\ntry except 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,x is frequ5tly cultivat$ 9 m>ket g>d5s = ! leaves1 :i* are us$ = gre5s or salads1 b ! root alone is us$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,?is plant w gr[ well 9 any good soil & has be5 successfully cultivat$ 9 ! ,s\?1 b 9 ! cold] p>ts ( ! c\ntry x may require slight mul*+ dur+ ! w9t] if ! roots t5d to heave out ( ! soil4 ,! se$s1 :i* are s[n 9 ! spr+1 are drill$ 9 r[s #ah in*es ap>t & cov]$ "o-half in* deep4 ,ab\t #c p\nds ( se$s %\ld s[ an acre4 ,! se$l+s are ?9n$ to /& a foot ap>t 9 ! r[1 & ! crop %\ld be well cultivat$ & kept free f we$s4 ,! roots are dug 9 ! fall ( ! second season aft] plant+ ! se$4 ,!y %\ld be wa%$ & may be dri$ :ole1 or1 to facilitate h&l+ & dry+1 !y may be cut into pi]ces #c to #f in*es long & ! l>g]1 portions slic$4 ,"u favorable conditions1 yields at ! rate ( #a1jjj to #a1ejj p\nds ( dry roots p] acre h be5 obta9$ f second-ye> plants4 ,! prices usually (f]$ collectors = ! dry root be=e ! w> rang$ f #d to #aj c5ts a p\nd4 ,! price 9 ,june1 #aibj1 0 ab\t #af c5ts4 ,! quantity annually import$ into ?is c\ntry v>ies f ye> to ye>1 b av]ages ab\t #dj tons4 ,a s]i\s disadvantage att5d+ ! cultivation ( ?is crop is ! dang] ( se$+ adjac5t l& ) a v undesirable we$4 ,,digitalis4 ,digitalis1 or foxglove 7,digitalis purpurea71 is a fairly h>dy ,european p]5nial1 :i* has long be5 gr[n 9 fl[] g>d5s 9 ?is c\ntry z an ornam5tal plant4 ,! leaves are us$ 9 m$ic9e1 ^? f plants ( ! second ye>'s gr[? be+ requir$ = ! (ficial drug4 ,digitalis ?rives 9 ord9>y well-dra9$ g>d5 soils ( op5 texture & reasonable f]tility4 ,s[+ ! se$ directly 9 ! field occasionally gives good results1 b is s (t5 unsuccessful t x c n be recomm5d$4 ,! se$s are exce$+ly small & d n g]m9ate well except "u ! mo/ favorable conditions4 ,!y %\ld be mix$ ) s&1 to insure ev5 di/ribution 9 se$+1 & s[n z e>ly z ,febru>y 9 se$ pans or flats 9 ! gre5h\ses or 9 well-protect$ frames4 ,:5 dang] ( fro/ is pa/ ! plants %\ld be h>d5$ (f & transplant$ to ! field1 :]e !y may be set ab\t a foot ap>t 9 r[s spac$ conv5i5tly = cultivation4 ,! plants d n fl[] until ! second ye>1 & x is necess>y to cultivate !m frequ5tly dur+ ! gr[+ seasons ( bo? ! fir/ & second ye>4 ,9 localities :]e ! cold wea!r is sev]e x may be desirable to protect ! plants dur+ ! fir/ w9t] ) a light mul* ( /raw or co>se f>my>d manure4 ,! plants usually fl[] 9 ,june ( ! second ye>1 & ! leaves may !n be collect$4 ,!y are c>efully dri$ 9 ! %ade & %\ld be /or$ 9 su* a mann] t !y w n be expos$ to light & moi/ure4 ,! results ( exp]im5ts indicate t yields ( #dej to #fjj p\nds ( dry leaves p] acre may be obta9$ "u favorable conditions4 ,9 consid]+ digitalis culture x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t ! crop occupies ! soil = ! great] "p ( two seasons & dem&s ev5 clos] att5tion ?an _m truck or g>d5 crops4 ,9 #aiai small areas ( cultivat$ digitalis1 rang+ f "o-half to #a acre 9 ext5t1 7 h>ve/$ 9 ,p5nsylvania1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,wa%+ton1 ,cali=nia1 & "s o!r ,/ates4 ,sev]al tons ( digitalis leaves 7 also collect$ f plants ( wild gr[? 9 ! g5]al region ( ! ,coa/ ,range ( m\nta9s on ! ,pacific coa/4 ,digitalis is ( great m$ic9al importance1 b on acc\nt ( its pot5cy is adm9i/]$ 9 v small quantities2 consequ5tly1 a few ?\s& p\nds is suffici5t to meet ! annual m>ket requirem5ts4 ,be=e ! w> ! price = digitalis leaves av]ag$ ab\t #ae c5ts a p\nd2 9 ,june1 #aibj1 x 0 ab\t #ce c5ts a p\nd4 ,,dill4 ,dill 7,ane?um graveol5s7 is an ,old ,_w annual or bi5nial h]b ( ! p>sley family4 ,al?\gh x is a native ( s\!rn ,europe1 x is h>dy plant & may be gr[n 9 a mu* cool] climate if giv5 a w>m situation & a well-dra9$ soil4 ,! leaves are us$ = season+1 & ! se$s 7fruits71 :i* are greatly valu$ = flavor+ pickles1 are us$ z a condim5t & occasionally 9 m$ic9e4 ,a volatile oil di/ill$ f ! se$s is us$ *iefly = p]fum+ soap4 ,dill is pref]ably gr[n z an annual plant1 9 :i* case ! se$ %\ld be s[n ab\t "o-half in* deep v e>ly 9 ! spr+ 9 drills a foot ap>t4 ,a half ounce ( se$ is suffici5t to s[ #aej feet ( drill1 & at ?is rate a p\nd %\ld s[ an acre4 ,:5 s[n 9 ! field ! r[s may be #ae to #ah in*es ap>t1 & ! se$l+s %\ld be ?9n$ to /& ab\t a foot ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,! mo/ favorable soil is a well-prep>$ loam1 b ! plants gr[ well 9 any good g>d5 soil4 ,frequ5t cultivation & fre$om f we$s are ess5tial = good results4 ,e>ly 9 ! fall1 z soon z "s ( ! old] se$s are ripe1 ! plants are m[$ & built up2 into small cocks 9 ! field1 or1 if suffici5tly dry1 ! se$s may be ?ra%$ out at once4 ,9 v dry wea!r x is pref]able to m[ ! plants e>ly 9 ! morn+ :ile !y are moi/ ) dew1 9 ord] to avoid %att]+ ! se$4 ,9 case ! se$ is v ripe1 x is well to cut ! plants high & to place ! tops directly on l>ge canvas %eets1 9 :i* !y may be br\ght f ! field4 ,aft] ?ra%+1 ! se$s %\ld be spread out 9 a ?9 lay] & turn$ frequ5tly until ?or\ghly dry1 s9ce !y t5d to become mu/y if closely /or$ be=e all ! moi/ure has be5 remov$4 ,! yield ( dill se$ is q v>iable & is mu* influ5c$ by climatic conditions4 ,f #ejj to #gjj p\nds ( se$ p] acre is consid]$ a good yield4 ,! :olesale price 9 ,june1 #aibj1 rang$ f #h to #aa c5ts a p\nd4 ,,e*9acea4 ,e*9acea 7,braun]ia angu/ifolia1 fig4 #f7 is a native p]5nial plant ( ! a/] family f\nd on ! prairies ( ! ,middle ,we/1 occurr+ mo/ abundantly 9 ,nebraska & ,kansas4 ,! roots ( ! plant are us$ m$ic9ally4 ,?is plant has be5 f\nd to d well "u1 cultivation 9 mod]ately ri* & well-dra9$ loam4 ,x gr[s fairly well f se$s1 :i* may be collect$ :5 ripe & kept dry until ready = use4 ,plants %\ld be />t$ 9 a well-prep>$ se$ b$ by s[+ ! se$s ?9ly 9 drills ab\t #h in*es ap>t4 ,! plants develop sl[ly & may be left 9 ! se$ b$ = two ye>s & !n transplant$ to ! field 9 ! spr+ & set ab\t #ah in*es ap>t ,9 r[s4 ,?or\gh cultivation is ess5tial = ! be/ results4 ,! roots d n rea* a m>ketable size "u ?ree or f\r ye>s f ! "t ( s[+ ! se$4 ,!y are h>ve/$ 9 ! fall1 fre$ f any adh]+ soil1 & dri$ ei!r 9 ! op5 air or by means ( l[ artificial heat4 ,e*9acea has n be5 cultivat$ on a scale l>ge en\gh to give satisfactory data on ! probable yield4 ,! prew> :olesale price rang$ f #bb to #fj c5ts a p\nd2 9 ,june1 #aibj1 x 0 #fj to #fe c5ts a p\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4--;,e*9acea 7,braun]ia angu/ifolia74 ,,elecampane4 ,elecampane 7,inula hel5ium7 ,is a ,european p]5nial plant ( ! a/] family1 n[ gr[+ wild along roadsides & 9 fields ?r\gh\t ! nor!a/]n "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! root is us$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,elecampane w gr[ 9 almo/ any soil1 b ?rives be/ 9 deep clay loam well suppli$ ) moi/ure4 ,! gr\nd on :i* ?is plant is to be gr[n %\ld be deeply pl[$ & ?or\ghly prep>$ be=e plant+4 ,x is pref]able to use divisions ( old roots = propagation1 & ^! %\ld be set 9 ! fall ab\t #ah in*es ap>t 9 r[s #c feet ap>t4 ,plants may also be gr[n f se$s1 :i* may be s[n 9 ! spr+ 9 se$s b$s & ! se$l+s transplant$ lat] to ! field & set 9 ! same mann] z ! root divisions4 ,plants gr[n f se$ d n fl[] ! fir/ ye>4 ,cultivation %\ld be suffici5t to keep ! soil 9 good condition & free f we$s4 ,! roots are dug 9 ! fall ( ! second ye>1 ?or\ghly clean$1 slic$1 & dri$ 9 ! %ade4 ,! available data on yield indicate t a ton or m ( dry root p] acre may be expect$4 ,! price to produc]s usually ranges f #c to #f c5ts a p\nd4 ,upw>d ( #ej1jjj p\nds ( elecampane root 7 annually import$ into ?is c\ntry prior to ! w>4 ,,f5nel4 ,f5nel 7,fo5iculum vulg>e7 is an ,old ,_w p]5nial plant ( ! p>sley family1 occasionally cultivat$ z a g>d5 h]b 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! aromatic se$s 7fruits7 are us$ 9 m$ic9e & = flavor+4 ,! oil di/ill$ f ! se$s is us$ 9 p]fum]y & = sc5t+ soaps4 ,f5nel gr[s wild 9 mild climates 9 almo/ any good soil & ?rives 9 ri*1 well-dra9$ loams conta9+ lime4 ,x is propagat$ f se$s1 :i* may be s[n 9 ! op5 z soon z ! gr\nd is ready = plant+ 9 ! spr+4 ,! se$ is s[n ?ickly ,9 drills #b to #c feet ap>t & cov]$ lightly4 ,f #d to #e p\nds ( se$ %\ld s[ an acre4 ,:5 well e/abli%$ ! plants may be ?9n$ to /& #ab to #ae in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,plants may also be />t$ 9 a se$ b$ f se$ s[n ei!r 9 drills #f in*es ap>t or broadca/4 ,:5 ! se$l+s are ?ree or f\r in*es high !y are transplant$ to ! field & set #ab to #ae in*es ap>t 9 r[s4 ,! cultivation is ! same z = ord9>y g>d5 crops4 ,frequ5tly1 v little se$ is =m$ ! fir/ ye>1 b full crops may be expect$ = "o or two succe$+ ye>s4 ,! se$ is ga!r$ 9 ! fall be=e x is fully ripe & may be h>ve/$ l anise or cori&]4 ,a yield ( #fjj to #hjj p\nds ( se$1 p] acre may be expect$4 ,dur+ rec5t ye>s ab\t #bge1jjj p\nds ( se$ h be5 import$ annually4 ,ow+ to ! w>1 prices = ! se$ & oil h ab\t d\bl$4 ,! prices 9 ,june1 #aibj1 = ! se$ 7 #aa to #ab c5ts a p\nd2 = ! oil1 #b4ge to #c a p\nd4 ,,g5tian4 ,! common or yell[ g5tian 7,g5tiana lutea7 is ! only species recogniz$ 9 ,am]ican m$ic9e1 al?\gh ! roots ( sev]al o!r species are f\nd 9 ! drug trade4 ,! plant gr[s wild 9 ! m\nta9s ( c5tral & s\!rn ,europe1 b x has prov$ v poorly adapt$ = cultivation 9 situations beyond its natural range4 ,= its be/ developm5t "u cultivation1 p>tial %ade1 simil> to t requir$ by g9s5g & gold5seal1 seems necess>y4 ,! plants are said to fl[] :5 ab\t #f ye>s old2 h5ce1 sev]al ye>s mu/ elapse aft] s[+ ! se$ be=e ! roots rea* a m>ketable size4 ,app>5tly !re h be5 no attempts to cultivate g5tian comm]cially 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! prew> :olesale price ( import$ g5tian root rang$ f #d to #h c5ts a p\nd4 ,! price 9 ,june4 #aibj1 0 #ab to #ac c5ts a p\nd4 ,,g9s5g4 ,g9s5g 7,panax qu9quefolium7 is a fle%y-root$ h]bace\s plant native to ?is c\ntry & =m]ly ( frequ5t occurr5ce 9 %ady1 well-dra9$ situations 9 h>dwood =e/s f ,ma9e to ,m9nesota & s\?w>d to ! m\nta9s ( ,georgia & ! ,c>ol9as4 ,x has long be5 valu$ by ! ,*9ese = m$ic9al use1 ?\gh r>ely cr$it$ ) curative prop]ties by natives ( o!r c\ntries4 ,:5 plac$ "u cultural conditions1 g9s5g %\ld be %ield$ f direct sunlight by ! %ade ( trees or by la? %$s4 ,! soil %\ld be fairly light & well f]tiliz$ ) woods e>?1 rott$ leaves1 or f9e raw bone meal1 ! latt] appli$ at ! rate ( #a p\nd to ea* squ>e y>d4 ,se$ %\ld be plant$ 9 ! spr+ z e>ly z ! soil c be work$ to advantage1 plac$ #f in*es ap>t ea* way 9 ! p]man5t b$s or #b by #f in*es 9 se$ b$s1 & ! se$l+s transplant$ to /& #f to #h in*es ap>t :5 #b ye>s old4 ,only crack$ or p>tially g]m9at$ se$ %\ld be us$4 ,g9s5g ne$s little cultivation1 b ! b$s %\ld at all times be kept free f we$s & grass & ! surface ( ! soil slightly /irr$ :5ev] x %[s signs ( cak+4 ,a w9t] mul* ov] ! cr[ns is usually ess5tial1 b x %\ld n be appli$ until freez+ wea!r is imm95t & %\ld be remov$ 9 ! spr+ be=e ! fir/ %oots come ?r\gh ! soil4 ,! roots d n rea* m>ketable size until ab\t ! fif? or six? ye> f se$4 ,:5 dug !y %\ld be c>efully wa%$ or %ak5 free f all adh]+ soil1 b n scrap$4 ,cur+ is be/2 effect$ 9 a well-v5tilat$ room heat$ to ab\t #ij ,f4 ,ne>ly a mon? is requir$ to prop]ly cure ! l>g] roots1 & great c>e mu/ be tak5 9 ord] to prev5t mold+ or s\r+4 ,ov]heat+ mu/ also be avoid$4 ,:5 well cur$ ! roots %\ld be /or$ 9 a dry1 airy place until ready = sale4 ,a m>ket may be f\nd ) ! :olesale drug deal]s1 "s ( :om make a specialty ( buy+ g9s5g root = export4 ,! price ( cultivat$ g9s5g roots1 z quot$ 9 :olesale drug li/s1 ranges f #a4ej to #h a p\nd1 accord+ to quality & fre$om f disease4 ,fur!r details respect+ ! culture ( g9s5g are giv5 9 a ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 n[ 9 press1 entitl$ ,g9s5g ,culture1 & 9 ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #gcf1 entitl$ ,g9s5g ,diseases & ,_! ,control4 ,,gold5seal4 ,gold5seal 7,hydra/is canad5sis7 is a native p]5nial1 =m]ly q abundant 9 op5 woodl&s hav+ ample %ade1 natural dra9age1 & an abundance ( leaf mold4 ,its range is f s\!rn ,new ,york & ,ont>io we/ to ,m9nesota & s\? to ,georgia & ,k5tucky4 ,:5 gr[n "u cultivation ! soil %\ld be well f]tiliz$1 pref]ably by decay+ vegetable matt]1 su* z woods soil & rott+ =e/ leaves1 :i* %\ld be well work$ 9 to a dep? ( #aj in*es or m4 ,raw bone meal & cottonse$ meal are also favorable 9 _! action4 ,se$ may be s[n 9 ,octob] 9 a well-prep>$ se$ b$4 ,x may be scatt]$ broadca/ or dropp$ "o-half in* ap>t & cov]$ ) f9e leaf mold to ! dep? ( #a in*4 ,dur+ ! w9t] ! se$ b$ %\ld be protect$ ) burlap or f]tiliz] sacks1 & %\ld also be gu>d$ aga9/ encroa*m5t ( moles or mice4 ,plants may be set #f to #h in*es ap>t ea* way & ! root/ocks cov]$ to a dep? ( ab\t #b in*es4 ,= satisfactory gr[? gold5seal requires ab\t #ge p] c5t ( %ade dur+ ! summ]1 :i* %\ld be provid$ by a la? %ade or by clo?1 bru%1 or v9es4 ,! soil %\ld be kept free f we$s & ! plants lib]ally wat]$ ?r\gh\t ! gr[+ season1 b good dra9age is necess>y1 s9ce gold5seal does n ?rive 9 boggy gr\nd4 ,"u favorable conditions gold5seal rea*es its be/ developm5t 9 ab\t1 five ye>s f se$1 or1 9 a ye> or two less :5 gr[n f root buds or by divisions ( ! root/ocks4 ,! root is dug 9 ! autumn aft] ! tops h )]$4 ,!y are wa%$ clean ( all soil1 /icks1 etc41 & dri$ on la? scre5s 9 an airy place 9 mild sunlight or p>tial %ade1 or indoors on a clean1 dry floor4 ,:5 dri$ 9 ! op5 !y %\ld be protect$ f ra9 & dew4 ,! cur$ root is kept 9 loose masses until m>ket$1 s9ce close pack+ may cause attacks ( mold4 ,! dri$ leaves & /ems ( gold5seal1 commonly kn[n z seal h]b1 are also a m>ketable product4 ,! prices 9 ,june1 #aibj1 rang$ f #e to #f a p\nd = ! roots & f #dj to #gj c5ts a p\nd = ! h]b4 ,,h5bane4 ,h5bane 7,hyoscyamus nig]7 is a poison\s annual or bi5nial h]b ( ! night%ade family1 introduc$ into ?is c\ntry f ,europe & occasionally f\nd z a we$ 9 a numb] ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates4 ,! leaves1 fl[]+ tops1 & sometimes ! se$s are us$ m$ic9ally4 ,h5bane is propagat$ f se$s1 b :5 ^! are s[n 9 ! op5 field g]m9ation is unc]ta91 & a v poor /& or total failure is a frequ5t result4 ,g]m9ation is usually mu* m c]ta9 :5 ! se$s are s[n "u glass1 b ! plants d n readily /& transplant+ & (t5 die aft] !y are set 9 ! op54 ,v good results h be5 secur$ by s[+ ! se$ 9 small pots "u glass 9 ,janu>y1 transf]r+ ! se$l+s to #c-;in* pots 9 ,m>*1 & transplant+ 9 ,may to ! field1 :]e ! plants may be set at lea/ #ae in*es ap>t 9 r[s4 ,9 h&l+ ! plants c>e %\ld be tak5 to di/urb ! soil ab\t ! roots z little z possible4 ,! soil requirem5ts & me?od ( cultivation are practically ! same z = belladonna4 ,! leaves ( h5bane usually suff] sev]ely f attacks ( ! potato beetle1 especially dur+ ! fir/ ye>1 & ! crop is v likely to be de/roy$ if gr[n )9 ! range ( ?is insect4 ,ord9>ily ! plants blossom ab\t ,augu/ ( ! second ye> & die aft] rip5+ _! se$1 b individual plants />t$ e>ly frequ5tly bloom & set se$ ! fir/ ye>4 ,! leaves & fl[+ tops are collect$ :5 ! plants are 9 full bloom & are c>efully dri$ 9 ! %ade4 ,! ,am]ican crop ( h5bane has nev] mu* exce$$ #aj acres4 ,! yield "u favorable conditions is e/imat$ at ab\t #f1jjj p\nds p] acre4 ,! :olesale price 9 ,june1 #aibj1 0 #ce to #ch c5ts a p\nd4 ,,horeh\nd4 ,horeh\nd 7,m>rubium vulg>e7 is a h>dy p]5nial h]b ( ! m9t family1 :i* occurs z a common we$ 9 _m places 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 especially on ! ,pacific coa/1 :]e x ?reat5s to become a pe/4 ,! leaves & fl[]+ tops f9d "s dem& z a crude drug4 ,_! greate/ use1 h[ev]1 is 9 ! manufacture ( c&y1 al?\gh !y are sometimes employ$ = season+4 ,horeh\nd gr[s well 9 almo/ any soil & ?rives 9 light1 dry soils lack+ 9 f]tility4 ,x gr[s readily f se$s1 :i* are usually s[n 9 drills e>ly 9 ! spr+ & cov]$ ) ab\t an in* ( soil4 ,plants may also be />t$ 9 coldframes1 ei!r f se$ or cutt+s1 & lat] transplant$ to ! field4 ,propagation may also be effect$ by division ( old plants4 ,plants may /& #f1 #ab1 or #ah in*es ap>t 9 ! r[2 ^? :i* /& close toge!r w h small /ems1 & h5ce w yield a crop ( f9] quality4 ,! plants are h>ve/$ j be=e fl[]+ & %\ld be cur$ 9 ! %ade 9 ord] to pres]ve ! gre5 color4 ,if ! /ems are small1 ! plants may be cut close to ! gr\nd ) a scy!1 or ) a m[] if ! area is l>ge4 ,9 case ! plants are tall & l>ge !y mu/ be cut "s di/ance above ! gr\nd & all co>se /ems remov$ to make ! h]b suitable = m>ket+4 ,yields at ! rate ( #b1jjj p\nds ( dry h]b p] acre h be5 obta9$4 ,! prew> :olesale prices = ! h]b rang$ f #e to #h c5ts a p\nd4 ,! price 9 ,june1 #aibj1 0 #ae to #af c5ts4 ,! annual importation ( horeh\nd v>ies f ye> to ye>1 sometimes rea*+ #fj to #gj tons4 ,,insect-,,p[d] ,,fl[]s4 ,insect fl[]s1 f :i* pyre?rum or insect p[d] is prep>$1 are produc$ by sev]al species ( plants ( ! a/] family :i* occur wild 9 ! ea/]n ,m$it]ranean region1 :]e !y are also cultivat$4 ,! species "h consid]$ 7,*rysan!mum ,pyre?rum c9]>iaefolium7 has be5 cultivat$ comm]cially 9 ,cali=nia = ! production ( insect p[d]4 ,?is species seems to ?rive be/ 9 w>m situations & %\ld gr[ well 9 any good soil :i* is well dra9$ & n too heavy4 ,! se$s may be s[n directly 9 ! field1 ei!r e>ly 9 ! spr+ or 9 ! fall1 b x is pref]able to />t ! plants 9 coldframes or well-prep>$ se$ b$s & transplant !m to ! field4 ,! se$ is mix$ ) s& & s[n broadca/ on ! surface ( ! b$ & lightly cov]$ ) a rake4 ,wat] %\ld be us$ sp>+ly on ! se$ b$1 s9ce ! "y se$l+s & ev5 mature plants are easily kill$ by a wet soil4 ,:5 ! se$l+s are ab\t a mon? old !y are transplant$1 dur+ damp wea!r if possible1 & set #h to #ab in*es ap>t 9 r[s #c to #d feet ap>t4 ,old plants may also be divid$ & us$ = propagation4 ,! plants %\ld be well cultivat$ dur+ ! gr[+ season & w yield fl[]s = sev]al ye>s if !y are well c>$ =4 ,! f]tility ( ! soil is ma9ta9$ by ! application ( f]tiliz]s4 ,! "t ( h>ve/+ v>ies f ,june to ,septemb]1 accord+ to locality4 ,! fl[] heads are ga!r$ j z !y op5 & may be collect$ by h& or by means ( a fl[] pick]4 ,!y are dri$1 pref]ably 9 ! %ade1 on canvas %eets ab\t #ae feet squ>e1 on :i* !y are spread 9 a ?9 lay] & turn$ two or ?ree times a day until dry4 ,! av]age yield ( dri$ fl[]s appe>s to be ab\t #dej p\nds p] acre4 ,! :olesale price = ^! fl[]s 9 ,june1 #aibj1 0 #he to #ij c5ts a p\nd1 :i* is f ?ree to f\r times ! prew> price4 ,,l>kspur4 ,! l>kspur ( ! crude-drug trade is an annual plant 7,delph9ium consolida71 native ( s\!rn ,europe1 :i* has long be5 cultivat$ 9 ?is c\ntry z an ornam5tal & is n[ occasionally f\nd gr[+ wild4 ,ano!r species ( l>kspur 7,delph9ium urceolatum7 is native to ?is c\ntry & is said to h prop]ties v simil> to ^? ( ! ,european species4 ,l>kspur se$ is n[ us$ *iefly 9 rem$ies = ext]nal p>asites4 ,^! l>kspurs ?rive be/ 9 a ri* s&y or gravelly soil4 ,9 heavy soils !y are likely to suff] f root-rot1 :i* mat]ially r$uces ! yield4 ,a r dry climate is suitable = plants ( ?is "*4 ,!y d n be> transplant+ well & se$s %\ld be s[n 9 ! fall or v e>ly 9 ! spr+ :]e ! plants are to /&4 ,! soil %\ld be well f9$ & ! se$ ?9ly s[n 9 drills spac$ accord+ to ! me?od ( cultivation to be us$4 ,:5 up1 ! plants %\ld be ?9n$ to /& #h in*es or m ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,! necess>y cultivation consi/s 9 keep+ ! soil betwe5 ! r[s & ab\t ! plants mell[ & free f we$s dur+ ! gr[+ season4 ,:5 ! se$ capsules are fairly ripe1 ! se$ is h>ve/$ by collect+ ! tops1 :i* %\ld be cut be=e ! se$ capsules h become s brittle z to risk ! loss ( se$ by %att]+ & :i* c be h&l$ be/ 9 ! e>ly morn+ :ile damp & pliable4 ,!y %\ld be cur$ 9 a well-v5tilat$ place1 %elt]$ f ra91 & :5 ?or\ghly dry may be ?ra%$ out & clean$4 ,! :olesale price n[ quot$ = l>kspur se$ is betwe5 #cb & #ce c5ts a p\nd4 ,! se$ ( a ,european species ( l>kspur 7,delph9ium /aphisagria71 commonly-call$ /avesacre1 possesses m$ic9al prop]ties & is recogniz$ z an (ficial drug4 ,! :olesale price = /avesacre se$ 9 ,june1 #aibj1 0 ab\t #cj c5ts a p\nd4 ,,lav5d]4 ,! true lav5d] 7,lav&ula v]a7 is a small %rubby plant ( ! m9t family1 native to s\!rn ,europe1 & widely cultivat$ = its fragrant fl[]s & = ! oil di/ill$ f ! fre% fl[]+ tops4 ,lav5d] ?rives be/ 9 light & r dry soils well suppli$ ) lime1 b may be gr[n 9 almo/ any well-dra9$ loam4 ,on l[ or wet l& x is almo/ c]ta9 to w9t]kill4 ,! plant is n easily gr[n f se$1 b may be readily propagat$ f cutt+s or by division4 ,9 cold climates ! plants mu/ be well protect$ dur+ ! w9t]1 or !y may be c>ri$ ov] 9 a gre5h\se or coldframe4 ,e>ly 9 ! spr+ ! plants or root$ cutt+s are set 9 well-prep>$ soil1 #ab to #ae in*es ap>t 9 r[s spac$ to suit ! cultivation int5d$4 ,frequ5t & ?or\gh cultivation is desirable4 ,n _m blooms c be cut ! fir/ ye>1 b full crops may be expect$ = ea* ( ! ?ree foll[+ ye>s1 aft] :i* x w be be/ to />t new plant+s4 ,! fl[]+ tops are h>ve/$ :5 !y are 9 full bloom1 & if us$ = ! production ( oil are di/ill$ at once )\t dry+4 ,if ! dry fl[]s are want$1 ! tops are c>efully dri$ 9 ! %ade & ! fl[]s lat] /ripp$ f ! /ems by h&4 ,on ord9>y soil1 yields ( #fjj to #a1bjj p\nds p] acre ( fre% fl[]+ tops h be5 obta9$4 ,! dry weight is ab\t f\r-fif?s ( ! gre5 weight4 ,! yield ( oil v>ies widely1 b f #ab to #ae p\nds p] acre may be expect$ "u good conditions4 ,! :olesale prices 9 ,june1 #aibj1 7 ab\t z foll[s3 ,= ord9>y fl[]s1 f #ah to #bd c5ts a p\nd2 = select fl[]s1 f #cj to #ce c5ts a p\nd2 = oil ( lav5d] fl[]s1 #aa to #ab a p\nd4 ,,licorice4 ,licorice 7,glycyrrhiza glabra7 is an ,old ,_w plant1 ! culture ( :i* has n succe$$ comm]cially 9 ?is c\ntry1 al?\gh ! plant gr[s well 9 ! arid ,s\?we/ & 9 ,cali=nia1 :]e 9 "s localities x ?reat5s to become a we$4 ,licorice is us$ to "s ext5t 9 m$ic9e1 & is said to be mu* 9 dem& by manufactur]s ( tobacco4 ,licorice is a fairly h>dy plant1 b x ?rives be/ 9 w>m regions1 :]e ! season is suffici5tly long to promote /rong gr[?4 ,plants may be gr[n f se$1 b propagation by means ( cutt+s made f ! y\ng] p>ts ( ! ,rhizome1 or s-call$ root1 usually gives be/ results4 ,! cutt+s are set p]p5dicul>ly 9 deep1 moi/1 s&y1 or loamy soil1 & %\ld /& ab\t #ah in*es ap>t 9 r[s s spac$ z to all[ = ! cultivation necess>y to keep ! soil mell[ & free f we$s4 ,! yield "u good culture is said to av]age ab\t #e1jjj p\nds ( dry root p] acre at ! end ( e ?ird ye>4 ,! relatively l[ price at :i*1 ! import$ root c usually be obta9$ has s f> prev5t$ ! developm5t ( comm]cial licorice gr[+ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,ne>ly #ajj1jjj1jjj p\nds ( licorice root & an av]age ( ab\t #fjj1jjj p\nds ( licorice pa/e are annually import$ into ! ,unit$ ,/ates :5 trade conditions are normal4 ,prew> prices = ! import$ root usually rang$ f #d to #e c5ts a p\nd 9 bales4 ,! price 9 ,june1 #aibj1 0 #ac to #ad c5ts4 ,,lobelia4 ,lobelia 7,lobelia inflata7 is a native poison\s annual plant1 occurr+ g5]ally 9 op5 woods & pa/ures1 b is mo/ abundant 9 ! ,/ates ea/ ( ! ,mississippi ,riv]4 ,! leaves1 tops1 & se$s are us$ m$ic9ally4 ,?is plant ?rives "u cultivation 9 a r ri*1 moi/ loam1 & gr[s well ei!r 9 ! op5 or 9 p>tial %ade4 ,x gr[s readily f se$s1 :i* are v small & mu/ be s[n on soil :i* has be5 well f9$ & exceptionally well prep>$4 ,! se$s are s[n ei!r 9 ! fall or spr+ 9 r[s #b feet ap>t4 ,x is be/ n to cov] ! se$s b to s[ !m on ! surface ( ! soil1 :i* is !n firm$ ) a float or by re/+ a bo>d ov] ! r[ & walk+ ^u x4 ,fall plant+ usually gives a bett] /& & a heavi] crop4 ,%all[ cultivation %\ld be giv5 until ! plants beg9 to fl[]4 ,lobelia is h>ve/$ :5 9 full fl[] or z soon z "s ( ! old] se$ pods are full gr[n4 ,! plants may be cut ) a m[] if ! cutt] b> is set high en\gh to avoid includ+ ! l>ge /ems4 ,! h]b %\ld be dri$ 9 ! %ade1 9 ord] to pres]ve ! gre5 color4 ,small areas h giv5 yields at ! rate ( #a1jjj p\nds ( dry h]b p] acre4 ,! prew> price paid to collectors = ! dri$ h]b 0 ab\t #c c5ts a p\nd4 ,! prices 9 ,june1 #aibj1 71 = ! h]b1 #bj c5ts2 = ! se$1 #ge c5ts a p\nd4 ,,lovage4 ,lovage 7,levi/icum (fic9ale7 is a p]5nial plant ( ! p>sley family1 introduc$ into ?is c\ntry f ,europe z a g>d5 plant & n[ gr[n z a crop 9 c]ta9 localities 9 ,new ,engl& & ! ,we/4 ,! root has long be5 suppos$ to h m$ic9al prop]ties & is 9 "s dem& 9 ! drug trade4 ,! fl[]+ tops yield a volatile oil1 = :i*1 h[ev]1 !re is little dem&4 ,! se$s are us$ = flavor+ confection]y & ! leaf /ems are sometimes blan*$1 l cel]y1 & eat5 z a salad4 ,lovage is propagat$ by division or f se$s4 ,! se$s may be plant$ 9 ! fall 9 drills #ah in*es ap>t or s[n 9 e>ly spr+ 9 a hotb$1 gre5h\se1 or well-prep>$ se$ b$ 9 a %elt]$ portion ( ! g>d54 ,!y %\ld be cov]$ v lightly ) s& or f9e sift$ soil1 & 9 ord] to prev5t ! soil f dry+ out be=e ! se$s g]m9ate x is advisable to spread old burlap or sack+ ov] ! b$4 ,! sack+ may be spr9kl$ occasionally if ! wea!r is dry & %\ld be remov$ :5 ! fir/ se$l+s break ! soil4 ,! plants %\ld rea* a size suitable = transplant+ by ! end ( ,may1 :5 !y may be set at int]vals ( #h in*es 9 r[s f> en\gh ap>t = conv5i5t cultivation4 ,lovage gr[s well 9 almo/ any deep1 well-dra9$ soil1 su* z w produce a fair crop ( corn or potatoes1 & is b5efit$ by ! lib]al use ( f]tiliz]1 al?\gh heavy applications ( manure t5d to produce excessive top gr[?4 ,! roots may be dug 9 ,octob] ( ! second or ?ird ye> aft] sett+ ! plants4 ,num]\s (fsets w g5]ally be f\nd1 & if ^! h good roots !y may be us$ to r5ew ! plantation )\t rec\rse to se$4 ,su* %oots %\ld at once be reset at ! usual di/ances ap>t4 ,! fre%ly dug roots %\ld be well wa%$1 cut into slices ab\t "o-half in* ?ick1 & c>efully dri$4 ,if necess>y1 artificial heat1 n to exce$ #abe ,f41 may be us$ to ha/5 dry+4 ,returns f exp]im5tal areas indicate t a yield ( ab\t #a1jjj p\nds ( dri$ root to ! acre may be expect$ "u good conditions e ?ird ye>4 ,! prices quot$ = ,am]ican lovage root 9 ! :olesale drug m>kets range f #de c5ts to #a a p\nd1 accord+ to dem& & quality4 ,produc]s1 h[ev]1 usually receive mu* less ?an ! :olesale price4 ,,melissa4 ,melissa1 balm1 or lemon balm 7,melissa (fic9alis71 is a p]5nial h]b ( ! m9t family1 native to s\!rn ,europe4 ,9 ?is c\ntry x has long be5 cultivat$ 9 g>d5s1 f :i* x has escap$ & n[ gr[s wild 9 _m places 9 ! ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! leaves ( balm are widely us$ = cul9>y flavor+1 & ! leaves & fl[]+ tops are us$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,! volatile oil di/ill$ f ! plant is said to be us$ 9 p]fum]y & also = flavor+4 ,balm gr[s readily on any good g>d5 soil & is easily propagat$ f se$s1 cutt+s1 or by division4 ,! se$s may be s[n 9 ! op5 e>ly 9 ! spr+1 b ow+ to _! small size x is be/ to s[ !m 9 %all[ flats 9 a gre5h\se or 9 a hotb$4 ,! soil %\ld be well f9$ & ! se$s s[n ?9ly on ! surface ( ! soil1 :i* is !n firm$ ) a float or a small bo>d4 ,:5 well up1 ! se$l+s %\ld be transf]r$ to deep] flats1 & :5 #d or #e in*es high !y may be transplant$ to ! op5 & set ab\t a foot ap>t 9 r[s spac$ to suit ! cultivation to be giv54 ,cultivation %\ld be frequ5t & suffici5t to keep ! soil ab\t ! plants mell[ & free f we$s4 ,:5 ! plants are 9 full fl[] ! crop c be cut ) a scy!1 or ) a m[] if ! h]b is to be us$ = di/illation4 ,= prep>+ ! crude drug only ! fl[]+ tops are collect$1 ! co>se1 /emmy portions ( ! h]b be+ reject$4 ,! leaves & tops are dri$ 9 ! %ade 9 ord] to pres]ve ! gre5 color4 ,yields at ! rate ( ab\t #a1hjj p\nds ( dry h]b p] acre h be5 obta9$1 b if only ! fl[]+ tops are collect$ ! yield w be v mat]ially less4 ,! prew> price paid to collectors = ! leaves & tops rang$ f #c to #d c5ts a p\nd4 ,9 ,june1 #aibj1 ! price = ! leaves 0 #ae c5ts a p\nd4 ,,orris4 ,orris 7,iris flor5t9a7 is a p]5nial1 native to s\!rn ,europe1 & is cultivat$ *iefly 9 ,italy = its fragrant root/ocks1 :i* yield ! orris ( comm]ce4 ,! plant gr[s well 9 a v>iety ( soils & fl\ri%es 9 a ri*1 moi/ loam1 b roots :i* are gr[n 9 r dry1 gravelly soil appe> to be ! mo/ fragrant4 ,orris is readily propagat$ by division ( ! old plants1 :i* may be set ei!r 9 ! spr+ or fall ab\t a foot ap>t 9 r[s spac$ conv5i5tly = cultivation4 ,s9ce h>ve/+ usually takes place only once 9 ?ree ye>s1 ! use ( ! l& is requir$ = t l5g? ( "t 9 ord] to obta9 "o crop4 ,aft] ! roots are dug !y are peel$ & dri$ 9 ! op5 air4 ,! desir$ fragrance does n develop until aft] ! dry roots h be5 /or$ = a numb] ( mon?s1 dur+ :i* "t !y are especially liable to ! attacks ( insects4 ,! yield is f #e to #f tons ( dry root p] acre4 ,! av]age annual importation ( orris is normally ab\t #ejj1jjj p\nds4 ,! :olesale prices1 :i* be=e ! w> rang$ f #f to #aj c5ts1 9 ,june1 #aibj1 7 #ad to #ae c5ts a p\nd4 ,! outlook = a pr(itable orris indu/ry 9 ?is c\ntry does n appe> promis+1 & x does n seem advisable = any consid]able numb] ( p]sons to und]take ! gr[+ ( ?is crop4 ,,p>sley4 ,p>sley 7,petrosel9um sativum7 is a bi5nial h]b gr[n ev]y:]e 9 g>d5s = use 9 g>ni%+ & season+4 ,all p>ts ( ! plant conta9 a volatile oil1 t f ! se$ be+ especially ri* 9 a con/itu5t kn[n z apiol1 or p>sley camphor1 :i* is /ill us$ to "s ext5t 9 m$ic9e4 ,9 ! crude-drug trade !re is a small dem& = ! root1 leaves1 & se$4 ,a ri* & r moi/ soil is desirable = ! gr[+ ( p>sley4 ,! se$s g]m9ate sl[ly & are frequ5tly s[n e>ly 9 ! spr+ 9 cold frames or se$ b$s1 f :i* ! "y plants may be remov$ lat] & set 9 ! op5 9 r[s #ab or m in*es ap>t & ab\t #f in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,:5 ! leaves are fully gr[n !y may be collect$ & dri$ 9 ! usual mann]4 ,! plants fl[] 9 ! second ye>1 & z soon z ! se$ is ripe x is h>ve/$ & c>efully dri$4 ,at ! end ( ! second gr[+ season1 late 9 ,octob]1 ! root may be dug & %\ld be well wa%$ & c>efully dri$4 ,artificial heat may be us$ 9 dry+ if necess>y4 ,on small areas yields ( se$ at ! rate ( ab\t #ahe p\nds p] acre h be5 obta9$4 ,dur+ ! pa/ few ye>s ! :olesale price ( ! se$ has v>i$ f #aj to #gj c5ts a p\nd1 accord+ to dem& & season4 ,f #ae to #ej p\nds ( se$ are requir$ to yield #a p\nd ( ! oil1 :i* 9 ,june1 #aibj1 0 quot$ at #f4ej to #g a p\nd4 ,,p5nyroyal4 ,p5nyroyal 7,h$eoma pulegioides7 is an annual plant1 fl[]+ f ,june to ,octob]1 & is f\nd 9 dry soils f ,nova ,scotia & ,quebec to ,dakota & s\?w>d4 ,bo? ! dry h]b & ! oil obta9$ !refrom by /eam di/illation =m m>ketable products4 ,p5nyroyal gr[s well on av]age upl& soils & is frequ5tly abundant on s&y or gravelly slopes4 ,9 field plant+ ! se$s %\ld be s[n 9 r[s 9 ! fall & cov]$ n to exce$ "o-qu>t] ( an in*1 s9ce !y r>ely g]m9ate if plant$ at a great] dep?4 ,! plants come up e>ly 9 ! spr+1 & to secure ! be/ results clean cultivation & fre$om f we$s are ess5tial1 z ) all cultivat$ crops4 ,e>ly 9 ! summ]1 :5 ! plants are 9 full fl[]1 !y may be m[$4 ,to prep>e ! h]b = m>ket ! plants are dri$1 pref]ably 9 ! %ade1 & c>efully pack$ imm$iately aft] dry+4 ,all ! l>ge /ems %\ld be remov$ 9 ord] to improve ! quality ( ! product4 ,! h]b %\ld be m>ket$ promptly1 s9ce x det]iorates ) age4 ,= ! production ( ! volatile oil1 ! plants %\ld be h>ve/$ :5 9 full fl[] & di/ill$ )\t dry+4 ,returns f exp]im5tal areas indicate t a yield ( ab\t #a1bjj p\nds ( dry h]b p] acre may be expect$4 ,! yield ( oil v>ies f #ae to #cj p\nds p] acre4 ,! price paid = ! dry h]b usually ranges f #a to #b c5ts a p\nd4 ,! :olesale price ( ! oil ranges f ab\t #a to #b a p\nd4 ,,pepp]m9t4 ,pepp]m9t 7,m5?a pip]ita7 is a p]5nial ( ! m9t family1 frequ5tly f\nd gr[+ wild 9 moi/ situations ?r\gh\t ! ea/]n half ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x is cultivat$ on a comm]cial scale1 *iefly on ! muck l&s ( s\!rn ,mi*igan & nor!rn ,indiana4 ,! volatile oil =ms ! pr9cipal m>ketable product1 b !re is "s dem& 9 ! crude-drug trade = ! dri$ leaves & fl[]+ tops4 ,pepp]m9t is propagat$ f roots1 or runn]s1 :i* %\ld be set 9 an almo/ cont9u\s r[ 9 furr[s ab\t #c feet ap>t & cov]$ to a dep? ( ab\t #c in*es4 ,x c be gr[n on any l& t w produce good crops ( corn1 b is mo/ successful on ! muck l&s ( reclaim$ swamps4 ,on upl&s x soon exhau/s ! soil & w n d well = m ?an two or ?ree seasons )\t ! rotation ( crops4 ,on ri* muck l&s x w gr[ = a numb] ( ye>s1 ! soil be+ pl[$ aft] ! crop is h>ve/$ & ! runn]s turn$ 9 to =m a new gr[? ! succe$+ ye>4 ,x is ess5tial t ! gr\nd be kept free f we$s1 s9ce _! pres5ce 9 ! crop at h>ve/ w\ld s]i\sly injure ! quality ( ! oil4 ,:5 pepp]m9t is gr[n on reclaim$ swamps or muck l&s f]tiliz]s are r>ely ne$$1 b on upl&s x is well to pl[ 9 #ab or m tons p] acre ( rott$ /able manure be=e plant+4 ,simil> applications may be made betwe5 ! r[s 9 e>ly spr+ & pl[$ 9 z ! l& %[s signs ( exhau/ion4 ,comm]cial truck or potato f]tiliz]s cultivat$ 9 betwe5 ! r[s at ! rate ( #fjj p\nds to ! acre h prov$ useful 9 keep+ up f]tility1 b manure is to be pref]r$1 z x provides humus or vegetable matt] z well z increases ! f]tility4 ,h>ve/+ is begun 9 ,july or ,augu/1 :5 ! plants are 9 full bloom4 ,! h]b is cut & cur$ l hay1 & :5 fairly well dri$ is plac$ 9 l>ge vats or /ills hav+ a capacity ( f #a to #c tons ( dry h]b & di/ill$ ) /eam to obta9 ! volatile oil4 ,! yield ( oil is exce$+ly v>iable1 b on l&s well suit$ = ! production ( pepp]m9t ! av]age yield is n f> f #cj p\nds p] acre4 ,! annual production ( pepp]m9t oil 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is ab\t #cjj1jjj p\nds4 ,= _m ye>s be=e ! w> ! price ( ! oil v>i$ f ye> to ye>1 b av]ag$ ab\t #b4ej a p\nd4 ,!re is "s dem& = ! dri$ leaves & tops1 = :i* #f to #ae c5ts a p\nd 0 paid to collectors 9 ,june1 #aibj4 ,= fur!r in=mation on ! gr[+ ( pepp]m9t1 see ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #fid1 entitl$ ,! ,cultivation ( ,pepp]m9t & ,spe>m9t4 ,,p9kroot4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4--,p9kroot 7,spigelia m>il&ica74 ,p9kroot 7,spigelia m>il&ica1 fig4 #g7 is a native p]5nial h]b occurr+ 9 ri* op5 woods f ,new ,j]sey to ,wiscons9 & s\? to ,florida & ,texas4 ,! root is an (ficial drug1 ! use ( :i* has decl9$ 9 rec5t ye>s1 app>5tly on acc\nt ( ! ext5t to :i* p9kroot has be5 adult]at$ ) ! wor?less roots ( ano!r plant kn[n z ,ea/ ,t5nessee p9kroot4 ,prospective gr[]s ( p9kroot %\ld obta9 se$s or roots = plant+ f ?or\ghly reliable s\rces only4 ,p9kroot makes a vigor\s gr[? "u conditions suitable = gr[+ g9s5g or gold5seal1 & p>tial %ade is usually necess>y1 al?\gh if giv5 a ri*1 moi/1 loamy soil x may be gr[n )\t %ade 9 situations n too hot & dry4 ,x is propagat$ ei!r f se$s or f divisions ( old roots4 ,x is be/ to s[ ! se$s z soon z !y are ripe1 b if mix$ ) moi/ s& & kept 9 a cool place s[+ may be def]r$ until fall or ! foll[+ spr+4 ,! se$s are s[n 9 drills #f in*es ap>t 9 well-prep>$ se$ b$s1 & 9 ! spr+1 :5 ! "y plants are a few in*es high1 !y are set ab\t a foot ap>t ea* way 9 ! p]man5t b$s4 ,! old roots are divid$ :5 dormant1 & ea* division %\ld consi/ ( a portion ( ! root ) "o or m buds & a numb] ( ! small rootlets4 ,!y are set 9 ! same mann] z ! se$l+s4 ,?or\gh cultivation & fre$om f we$s are ess5tial = good results4 ,! roots usually atta9 a m>ketable size 9 ?ree ye>s1 b w give a heavi] yield at ! end ( ! f\r? or fif? ye>4 ,!y are h>ve/$ 9 ! fall1 & aft] ! tops are cut (f ! roots are well wa%$ & ?or\ghly dri$4 ,little c be said reg>d+ yield1 b returns f small areas indicate t a b$ #d by #cj feet w yield f #aj to #ab p\nds ( dry root 9 f\r ye>s4 ,! prices paid to collectors ( p9kroot be=e ! w> rang$ f #ae to #cj c5ts a p\nd4 ,! price 9 ,june1 #aibj1 0 ab\t #fj c5ts a p\nd4 ,,pokewe$4 ,pokewe$ 7,phytolacca am]icana7 is a native plant ( frequ5t occurr5ce 9 moi/1 ri* soil along f5ces & 9 uncultivat$ l& ?r\gh\t ! ea/]n half ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! root1 :i* is p]5nial1 s5ds up l>ge annual /ems1 sometimes atta9+ a height ( #h or #i feet4 ,?is plant be>s num]\s long clu/]s ( smoo?1 %9+ purple b]ries1 v attractive 9 appe>ance1 b ! se$s are said to be poison\s4 ,bo? ! root & ! b]ries are us$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,pokewe$ ?rives 9 deep1 ri* soils well suppli$ ) moi/ure & may be readily gr[n f se$ s[n e>ly 9 ! spr+ 9 r[s #d feet ap>t & b>ely cov]$4 ,! se$l+s may be ?9n$ to /& ab\t #c feet ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,cultivation %\ld be %all[1 ?\gh frequ5t4 ,! plant develops a long1 ?ick1 & fle%y root1 :i* :5 old is n easily h>ve/$ & may h to be dug by h&4 ,if ! roots ( plants gr[n f se$ are h>ve/$ at ! end ( ! fir/ ye>1 !y may be turn$ out by means ( a deep-runn+ pl[ )\t great difficulty4 ,z soon z !y are dug ! roots are clean$ by wa%+ & are usually cut into l5g?wise or transv]se slices = dry+4 ,!y %\ld be ?or\ghly dri$1 & if a l>ge quantity is to be h&l$ ! use ( artificial heat w be f\nd desirable4 ,a yield ( ab\t #fjj p\nds ( dry root p] acre may be expect$ at ! end ( ! fir/ ye>1 or ?ree or f\r times z mu* f plants ( ! second ye>'s gr[?4 ,9 ! second ye> sev]al hundr$ p\nds ( b]ries may also be obta9$ f #a acre4 ,be=e ! w>1 collectors receiv$ f #b to #c c5ts a p\nd = ! roots & b]ries4 ,! price 9 ,june1 #aibj1 = ! dry1 cut root 0 ab\t #f c5ts & = ! dry b]ries #ae c5ts a p\nd4 ,app>5tly !re is b a small dem& = ei!r ( ^! products4 ,,saffl[]4 ,saffl[]1 ,am]ican saffron1 or false saffron 7,c>?amus t9ctorius7 is a h>dy ,old ,_w annual ( ! a/] family1 cultivat$ 9 g>d5s 9 ?is c\ntry = its fl[]s1 :i* are us$ 9 color+ or = flavor+1 & sometimes z a sub/itute = ! true saffron4 ,saffl[] gr[s well on moi/ soils & may be readily propagat$ f se$s s[n 9 ! op5 e>ly 9 ! spr+4 ,! soil %\ld be f9e & mell[1 & ! se$s s[n an in* or m ap>t 9 drills & well cov]$4 ,ab\t ?ree weeks f ! "t ( s[+ ! se$ ! plants w be well />t$1 & cultivation %\ld beg9 at once & be cont9u$ until ! fl[] buds =m4 ,! plants bloom 9 ,july or ,augu/1 :5 h>ve/+ may beg94 ,only ! florets are collect$1 &1 s9ce ^! mu/ be remov$ by h&1 h>ve/+ is sl[ & exp5sive4 ,! plants cont9ue to blossom = sev]al weeks1 & ! florets mu/ be h>ve/$ almo/ daily4 ,x is be/ to collect !m e>ly 9 ! morn+ & to dry !m 9 ! %ade on trays hav+ musl9 bottoms4 ,! florets %\ld be turn$ daily until ?or\ghly dry & !n /or$ 9 t9 conta9]s4 ,! yield is e/imat$ at #abe to #aej p\nds ( dry florets p] acre4 ,! price = saffl[] is v>iable & ranges f #ai to #fj c5ts a p\nd4 ,,saffron4 ,! true saffron 7,crocus sativus7 is a l[-gr[+1 fall-bloom+1 bulb\s plant ( ! iris family1 native to s\!rn ,europe1 :]e x is cultivat$ comm]cially4 ,x 0 =m]ly gr[n z a small g>d5 crop 9 "s localities 9 ?is c\ntry1 *iefly 9 ,lanca/] & ,lebanon ,c\nties1 ,pa4 ,! /igmas ( ! fl[]s =m ! saffron ( comm]ce4 ,saffron is us$ 9 cook]y & = color+ confection]y1 & 0 =m]ly widely us$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,a ri*1 well-dra9$ g>d5 soil favors a vigor\s gr[? ( ! plant1 b a bett] quality ( saffron is secur$ on l& ( m$ium f]tility4 ,x is propagat$ f bulbs 7corms71 :i* may be plant$ 9 ,augu/ ab\t #f in*es ap>t ea* way & #f in*es deep 9 well-prep>$ soil4 ,:5 gr[n on a l>ge scale ! bulbs are (t5 set late 9 ! spr+4 ,! gr\nd is laid (f 9 r[s ab\t #bj in*es ap>t1 & a furr[ #f to #h in*es deep is op5$ = ea* r[4 ,9 ?is furr[ ! bulbs are set 9 two p>allel r[s ab\t #d in*es ap>t & ab\t #b in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,! furr[s are !n fill$ & ! surface ( ! soil br\ght to a uni=m level4 ,?or\gh cultivation & fre$om f we$s are ess5tial = good results4 ,! purpli% blossoms usually appe> ab\t ,octob]1 b ! ma9 leaf gr[? ( ! plant is made 9 ! foll[+ spr+4 ,! bulbs may rema9 undi/urb$ = ?ree or f\r ye>s1 or !y may be tak5 up ye>ly & ! clu/]s divid$4 ,all uns\nd bulbs %\ld be reject$1 z !y are (t5 attack$ by a fungus :i* readily spreads to ! s\nd bulbs1 caus+ !m to rot4 ,dur+ ! blossom+ p]iod1 :i* frequ5tly la/s f two to ?ree weeks1 ! fl[]s are collect$ daily j z !y op54 ,! orange-color$ /igmas are !n remov$ f ! fl[]s1 ei!r by pull+ !m out or by cutt+ !m (f ) ! f+] nail1 aft] :i* ! fl[]s are ?r[n away4 ,! /igmas are dri$ imm$iately1 a common me?od be+ to spread !m 9 a ?9 lay] on a sieve :i* is susp5d$ ov] a l[ fire4 ,:5 fully dry !y are plac$ 9 l95 bags & /or$ 9 a dry place4 ,! yield ( saffron is v>i\sly e/imat$ at f #aj to #cj p\nds p] acre1 accord+ to ! situation :]e x ,is gr[n4 ,ab\t #ej1jjj fl[]s are requir$ to produce a p\nd ( dry saffron2 consequ5tly1 ! am\nt ( h& labor involv$ 9 remov+ ! /igmas is q l>ge4 ,! price usually receiv$ = saffron 9 normal times is n f> f #h a p\nd1 b ! prices 9 ,june1 #aibj1 rang$ f #ad to #ae a p\nd4 ,ow+ to ! high co/ ( production1 x is n ?\ght probable t saffron culture w\ld prove pr(itable 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,sage4 ,! common sage plant 7,salvia (fic9alis7 is a h>dy p]5nial ( ! m9t family1 widely cultivat$ 9 g>d5s1 & :5 once e/abli%$ x p]si/s = sev]al ye>s4 ,! leaves are us$ ext5sively = season+ meats & s\ps1 & a tea made f !m is an old h\sehold rem$y4 ,sage is easily cultivat$ & w gr[ 9 any well-dra9$ f]tile soil1 b seems to ?rive be/ 9 a ri* clayey loam4 ,= cultivation on a l>ge scale ! se$s are s[n 9 e>ly spr+ 9 r[s f #b to #c feet ap>t1 & :5 ! plants are well up !y are ?9n$ to /& ab\t #ab in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,se$l+ plants h a t5d5cy to produce n>r[ leaves2 h5ce1 ! broad-leav$ v>ieties :i* d n fl[] readily are ! mo/ desirable1 s9ce !y give a l>g] yield ( leaves4 ,z ! plants r>ely set se$1 !y are usually gr[n f cutt+s1 :i* may be obta9$ f se$ h\ses hav+ _! own propagat+ g>d5s4 ,cutt+s set z e>ly 9 ! spr+ z wea!r conditions w p]mit usually give a l>ge crop4 ,9 ! ,nor? ! plants %\ld be protect$ ,9 w9t] by a mul* ( manure4 ,sage may also be gr[n z a second crop aft] e>ly vegetables4 ,a fair crop ( leaves may be h>ve/$ ! fir/ season & a mu* l>g] "o = five or six ye>s foll[+4 ,only "o pick+ %\ld be made ! fir/ ye>1 aft] :i* two or ?ree pick+s may be made 9 a season4 ,if a product ( f9e quality is desir$1 ! leaves are pick$ by h& & dri$ 9 ! %ade4 ,sage leaves are apt to turn black :ile dry+ unless ! removal ( moi/ure proce$s cont9ually until !y are fully dry4 ,a *eap grade may be obta9$ at a small] h>ve/ co/ by cutt+ ! plants ) a m[]1 ! cutt] b> ( :i* is set at su* a height z n to include ! woody /ems4 ,! dry h]b %\ld be m>ket$ promptly1 s9ce x loses its /r5g? rapidly ) age4 ,returns f exp]im5tal areas indicate t on good soil a yield ( #b1jjj p\nds or m ( dri$ tops p] acre may be expect$4 ,9 case ! leaves only are h>ve/$1 ! yield w be proportionately less4 ,am]ican leaf sage usually br+s a consid]ably high] price ?an t import$ f ,europe4 ,dur+ ! la/ ?ree ye>s ! price has rang$ f #bj to #gj c5ts a p\nd1 accord+ to supply & dem&4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4--,s5eca snak]oot 7,polygala s5ega74 ,,s5eca ,,snak]oot4 ,s5eca snak]oot1 kn[n also z s5ega or s5eca root 7,polygala s5ega1 fig4 #h71 is a small native p]5nial1 occurr+ 9 rocky woods 9 ! ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada4 ,s5eca is n yet gr[n on a comm]cial scale1 al?\gh cultivat$ exp]im5tally 9 a numb] ( places4 ,! root is us$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,s5eca c be gr[n 9 good g>d5 soil or 9 r firm1 /ony soil1 provid$ x conta9s a fair proportion ( leaf mold or v well rott$ manure4 ,%ade is n ess5tial1 al?\gh ! plant ?rives 9 p>tial %ade or "u modifi$ =e/ conditions4 ,roots = propagation may be obta9$ f deal]s or may be collect$ f ! wild 9 autumn or e>ly spr+4 ,if set #ae in*es ap>t 9 r[s1 ! plants may be readily cultivat$ until !y rea* a m>ketable size4 ,! se$s rip5 9 ,june & may !n be plant$1 or !y may be /ratifi$ by mix+ ) s& & buri$ 9 boxes or fl[] pots 9 moi/ soil until ! foll[+ spr+1 :5 !y may be s[n 9 se$ b$s or %all[ boxes ( loam & leaf mold4 ,! se$l+s :5 old en\gh to be h&l$ safely may be transplant$ to ! p]man5t b$s & set 9 r[s to facilitate cultivation4 ,9 cold situations !y w probably ne$ to be protect$ dur+ ! fir/ w9t] aft] transplant+4 ,a light cov]+ ( /raw or p9e ne$les w be suffici5t to protect !m f sev]e fro/4 ,! plant is sl[ 9 gr[?1 b exp]im5ts ?us f> indicate t ab\t f\r ye>s are requir$ to obta9 m>ketable roots4 ,! roots %\ld be dug 9 ! fall1 ?or\ghly clean$1 & dri$4 ,!re are no reliable data on ! probable yield4 ,s5eca root is 9 con/ant dem&1 & collectors =m]ly receiv$ f #ce to #ej c5ts a p\nd4 ,! price to collectors 9 ,june1 #aibj1 0 #ij c5ts a p\nd4 ,,s]p5t>ia4 ,s]p5t>ia1 or ,virg9ia snak]oot 7,ari/olo*ia s]p5t>ia71 is a native p]5nial plant occurr+ 9 ri* woods 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & mo/ abundantly along ! ,allegh5y ,m\nta9s4 ,! roots ( ?is plant are us$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,l _m o!r woodl& plants1 s]p5t>ia requires a ri*1 moi/ loam & p>tial %ade = its be/ developm5t4 ,x may be readily propagat$ f se$s1 :i*1 h[ev]1 require sev]al mon?s = g]m9ation4 ,! se$s are be/ s[n 9 a well-prep>$ se$ b$ z soon z !y are ripe4 ,!y may also be s[n broadca/ or 9 drills #f in*es ap>t & lightly cov]$ ) leaf mold4 ,a ?9 mul* ( /raw or leaves w af=d ! necess>y w9t] protection4 ,9 ! spr+ ! plants may be set #f in*es ap>t ea* way 9 ! p]man5t b$s4 ,plant+s h be5 made 9 ! op51 9 :i* case ! plants 7 set #d in*es ap>t 9 r[s #af in*es ap>t1 b ! results h be5 less satisfactory ?an ) plant+s made "u %ade4 ,! roots are collect$ 9 ! fall1 ?or\ghly clean$1 & c>efully dri$4 ,satisfactory data on probable yields "u cultivation are n available4 ,! price usually ranges f #cj to #de c5ts a p\nd4 ,,spe>m9t4 ,spe>m9t 7,m5?a spicata7 is a well-kn[n p]5nial ( ! m9t family :i* is v frequ5tly f\nd gr[+ wild 9 moi/ situations ?r\gh\t ! ea/]n half ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x is widely us$ = season+ meats1 & ! leaves & fl[]+ tops1 z well z ! volatile oil di/ill$ f ! :ole h]b1 =m m>ketable drug products4 ,spe>m9t is easily gr[n 9 any f]tile soil :i* is fairly moi/4 ,its culture & ! me?od ( di/ill+ ! volatile oil are ! same z = pepp]m9t4 ,to prep>e ! dry h]b = m>ket ! leaves & fl[]+ tops are collect$ :5 ! fir/ fl[]s appe> & be=e ! leaves beg9 to fall & are c>efully dri$ 9 ! %ade4 ,! dem& = ! dry h]b is small1 b ! annual m>ket requirem5t = ! oil is ab\t #ej1jjj p\nds4 ,on ord9>y soils ! yield ( oil v>ies f #aj to #bj p\nds p] acre1 accord+ to /& & season1 b on muck l&s ! yield is usually only a little less ?an t ( pepp]m9t4 ,be=e ! w> ! :olesale prices = ! oil rang$ f #a4ej to #e1 av]ag+ ab\t #c4cj a p\nd4 ,! price 9 ,june1 #aibj1 0 #ab a p\nd4 ,! dry h]b1 :i* =m]ly br\ght f #c to #d c5ts1 is n[ quot$ at #f to #ab c5ts a p\nd4 ,= fur!r in=mation on ! gr[+ ( spe>m9t1 see ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #fid1 entitl$ ,! ,cultivation ( ,pepp]m9t & ,spe>m9t4 ,,/ramonium4 ,/ramonium1 ,jame/[n we$1 or jimson we$ 7,datura /ramonium71 is a poison\s annual ( ! night%ade family1 :i* occurs z a common we$ 9 almo/ all p>ts ( ?is c\ntry except ! ,we/ & ,nor?4 ,! leaves & se$s are us$ m$ic9ally4 ,al?\gh /ramonium gr[s wild on a v>iety ( soils1 x ?rives be/ "u cultivation 9 ri* & r heavy soils :i* are fairly well suppli$ ) lime4 ,x gr[s readily f se$1 :i* may be s[n 9 ! op5 e>ly 9 ! spr+ 9 drills #c feet ap>t & b>ely cov]$4 ,:5 ! plants are well e/abli%$ !y are ?9n$ to /& #ab to #ae in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,! plants c be readily transplant$1 & gaps occurr+ 9 ! r[s may be fill$ 9 ) ! plants remov$ 9 ?9n+4 ,cultivation suffici5t to keep ! soil free f we$s is necess>y = good gr[?4 ,cultivat$ plants are frequ5tly attack$ by leaf-eat+ insects1 especially 9 ! e>ly /ages ( gr[?1 & x is (t5 necess>y to use lime or o!r insect repell5ts to prev5t ! de/ruction ( ! crop4 ,! leaves1 :i* are collect$ :5 ! plant is 9 full bloom1 may be pick$ 9 ! field1 b "t w be sav$ if ! entire plant is cut & dri$ 9 an artificially heat$ cur+ room at a temp]ature ( #ajj to #aaj ,f4 ,:5 ! leaves are dry !y c be readily /ripp$ f ! /ems1 & %\ld be bal$ = %ipm5t4 ,su* se$ z is ripe may be easily ?ra%$ out ( ! capsules aft] ! leaves h be5 remov$ f ! /ems4 ,yields ( dry leaf at ! rate ( #a1jjj to #a1ejj p\nds p] acre h be5 obta9$4 ,! yield ( se$ is mu* m v>iable1 & is e/imat$ to range f #ejj to #b1jjj p\nds p] acre4 ,! prew> price = ! leaves v>i$ f #b to #aj c5ts & = ! se$ f #c to #g c5ts a p\nd4 ,! price 9 ,june1 #aibj1 = ! leaves 0 #bb c5ts & = ! se$ #ab c5ts a p\nd4 ,,tansy4 ,tansy 7,tanacetum vulg>e7 is a ,european p]5nial plant1 long cultivat$ 9 ?is c\ntry 9 g>d5s1 f :i* x has escap$1 & x n[ occurs z a we$ along f5ce r[s & roadsides4 ,! leaves & fl[]+ tops are 9 "s dem& = m$ic9al purposes4 ,! h]b also yields a volatile oil1 = :i* !re is a small m>ket4 ,tansy gr[s well on almo/ any good soil1 b ri* & r heavy soils well suppli$ ) moi/ure favor a heavy gr[? ( h]b4 ,x may be propagat$ f se$1 b is m readily propagat$ by division ( ! roots e>ly 9 spr+4 ,! divisions are set #ah in*es ap>t 9 r[s #c feet ap>t4 ,se$ may be s[n v e>ly 9 ! spr+ 9 ! op5 or 9 se$ b$s1 & ! se$l+s lat] transplant$ to ! field4 ,su* cultivation z is usually giv5 to g>d5 crops w be suffici5t4 ,! plants are cut late 9 ! summ] :5 9 full fl[]1 ! leaves & tops be+ sep>at$ f ! /ems & dri$ )\t exposure to ! sun1 z ! trade desires a bright-gre5 color4 ,= ! volatile oil ! plants are all[$ to lie 9 ! field aft] cutt+ until !y h lo/ a consid]able portion ( _! moi/ure4 ,!y are !n br\ght to ! /ill & ! oil remov$ by ! usual me?od ( /eam di/illation4 ,a yield ( ab\t #b1jjj p\nds ( dry leaves & fl[]+ tops p] acre may be obta9$ "u good conditions4 ,! yield ( oil v>ies1 b ab\t #bj p\nds p] acre is a fair av]age4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! c5t] ( production ( oil ( tansy is ,mi*igan1 :]e ab\t #b1ejj p\nds are di/ill$ annually4 ,! price ( ! oil 9 ,june1 #aibj1 0 ab\t #h a p\nd4 ,! price ( ! leaves & tops usually ranges f #c to #e c5ts a p\nd4 ,,?yme4 ,?yme 7,?ymus vulg>is7 is a %rublike p]5nial plant ( ! m9t family1 native to s\?we/]n ,europe4 ,x is a common g>d5 plant1 :i* lives = _m ye>s "u good culture4 ,! h]b1 (t5 us$ = season+ & flavor+1 yields ! oil ( ?yme1 :i* has well-recogniz$ m$ic9al prop]ties4 ,?yme gr[s well f se$1 :i* may be s[n e>ly 9 ! spr+ 9 drills #c feet ap>t1 or ! plants may be />t$ 9 a gre5h\se or 9 se$ b$s outside & lat] set at int]vals ( ab\t #ah in*es 9 r[s #b to #c feet ap>t4 ,?yme may also be propagat$1 l g]aniums1 f cutt+s root$ 9 s& "u glass4 ,! plants gr[ well 9 mell[ upl& soil ( good quality1 & %\ld be well cultivat$ & kept free f we$s ?r\gh\t ! gr[+ season4 ,= prep>+ ! dry h]b only ! fl[]+ tops are us$1 & ^! are cut :5 ! plant is 9 full bloom & c>efully dri$ 9 ! %ade 9 ord] to pres]ve ! natural color4 ,! volatile oil is obta9$ f ! entire h]b1 :i* is pref]ably cut :5 9 full fl[] & subject$ to /eam di/illation )\t previ\s dry+4 ,returns f exp]im5tal areas h %[n great v>iations 9 ! yield1 :i* has av]ag$ ab\t a ton ( gre5 h]b p] acre4 ,normally ! yield f a plant+ increases = sev]al ye>s1 z ! plants become bett] e/abli%$1 & yields at ! rate ( ab\t a ton ( dry h]b p] acre h be5 report$4 ,! :olesale price 9 ,june1 #aibj1 = ! dry h]b rang$ f #aa to #ae c5ts a p\nd2 = ! import$ oil1 f #a4he to #b4be a p\nd1 accord+ to quality4 ,,val]ian4 ,val]ian 7,val]iana (fic9alis7 is a h>dy h]bace\s p]5nial1 well kn[n "u ! "n g>d5 heliotrope & (t5 gr[n z an ornam5tal plant4 ,x has also be5 cultivat$ z a drug plant 9 ,new ,york & 9 p>ts ( ,new ,engl&4 ,! dri$ roots 7rhizome & roots7 =m ! m>ketable drug4 ,val]ian gr[s well 9 all ord9>y soils1 b ?rives 9 a ri* & r heavy loam :i* is well suppli$ ) moi/ure4 ,x may be readily propagat$ by divid+ ! old roots1 ei!r 9 ! fall or 9 ! spr+1 & sett+ ! divisions ab\t a foot ap>t 9 r[s #b to #c feet ap>t4 ,if ! divisions are set v e>ly 9 ! fall 9 "t to become well e/abli%$ be=e fro/1 a good crop may usually be h>ve/$ ! foll[+ autumn4 ,plants may also be gr[n f se$1 :i* are pref]ably s[n z soon z !y are ripe 9 well-protect$ se$ b$s 9 ! g>d54 ,e>ly 9 ! spr+ ! se$l+s may be transplant$ to ! field & set at ! same di/ances ap>t z ! divisions ( ! root4 ,gr[? w be favor$ by a lib]al application ( f>my>d manure1 :i* %\ld be well work$ into ! soil be=e ! plants are set out4 ,?or\gh cultivation is ess5tial4 ,! roots ( ! plants propagat$ by division may be dug 9 ! fall ( ! fir/ ye>'s gr[?1 al?\gh ! yield w probably be small4 ,^? ( se$l+ plants d n usually rea* a size suitable = h>ve/+ be=e ! end ( ! second gr[+ season4 ,aft] digg+1 ! roots are wa%$1 pref]ably 9 runn+ wat]1 until all adh]+ soil is remov$4 ,wa%+ & dry+ w be facilitat$ if ! ?ick portion ( ! roots is slic$ l5g?wise4 ,! dry+ %\ld be v ?or\gh1 & ! use ( artificial heat w be f\nd advisable4 ,"u good conditions a yield ( #b1jjj p\nds or m ( dri$ roots p] acre may reasonably be expect$4 ,! prew> price rang$ f #f to #cj c5ts a p\nd1 dep5d+ ^u ! place :]e gr[n1 t f ,engl& usually comm&+ ! highe/ price4 ,! :olesale price 9 ,june1 #aibj1 0 ab\t #bb c5ts a p\nd4 ,,vetiv]4 ,vetiv]1 or cuscus grass 7,vetiv]ia zizanioides71 is a p]5nial ( ! grass family1 native to s\!rn ,asia4 ,x is occasionally cultivat$ 9 ?is c\ntry 9 ! w>m] portions ( ! ,gulf ,coa/ ,/ates z an ornam5tal & also = its aromatic roots1 :i* are (t5 us$ to imp>t a fragrance to clo?+4 ,9 o!r c\ntries an oil is di/ill$ f ! roots & us$ 9 ! manufacture ( p]fumes4 ,vetiv] w gr[ 9 almo/ any soil1 b light1 s&y soil enri*$ by f>my>d manure is to be pref]r$4 ,propagation is effect$ by divid+ old ,clumps1 :i* may be set 9 ! field1 ei!r 9 ! fall or spr+1 ab\t #d or #e feet ap>t ea* way4 ,dur+ ! gr[+ season ! plants are giv5 suffici5t cultivation to keep !m free f we$s4 ,vetiv] gr[s 9 close bun*es f #f to #h feet high1 ! num]\s roots spread+ horizontally ab\t #b feet on all sides ( ! plant4 ,h>ve/+ ! roots1 :i* usually takes place 9 ,novemb]1 is a labori\s op]ation4 ,! soil ab\t ! plants is op5$ ) a /\t1 %>p spade 9 a circle l>ge en\gh to include mo/ ( ! roots4 ,! e>? is !n dug f b5ea? ! c5t] ( ! plant & ! entire clump lift$4 ,! roots are fir/ beat5 or %ak5 to free !m f adh]+ soil1 !n cut (f close to ! root cr[n & ?or\ghly wa%$4 ,!y may be dri$ 9 ! op5 air1 b x is pref]able to dry !m 9 a clos$ room at a l[ temp]ature1 s9ce !y lose 9 fragrance if expos$ to ! hot sun or to a free circulation ( air4 ,yields at ! rate ( #fjj to #a1jjj p\nds ( dry roots p] acre h be5 obta9$4 ,! prices 9 ! m>kets ( ,new ,orleans are said to range f #ge c5ts to #a a p\nd4 ,! oil is n produc$ comm]cially 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! dem& = bo? roots & oil is q small1 & x has n yet be5 %[n t vetiv] w\ld be a pr(itable crop 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,w9t]gre54 ,w9t]gre5 7,gaul!ria procumb5s7 is a l[-gr[+1 broad-leav$1 ev]gre5 plant ) a creep+ /em4 ,! %oots f ?is /em gr[ to a height ( #d to #e in*es & be> solit>y :ite fl[]s1 :i* are foll[$ by r$ b]ries4 ,^! b]ries are edible & are widely kn[n z teab]ries or *eck]b]ries4 ,w9t]gre5 is a common plant 9 woods & cle>+s f ea/]n ,canada s\?w>d to ! ,gulf ,/ates1 b its collection 9 quantity is some:at difficult4 ,bo? ! dry h]b & ! oil =m m>ketable products4 ,l o!r woodl& plants1 w9t]gre5 ?rives only 9 p>tial %ade1 & plant+s %\ld be made 9 a grove or "u a specially con/ruct$ %ade1 su* z is us$ = g9s5g or gold5seal4 ,a fairly good gr[? may be expect$ 9 soil :i* is ?or\ghly mix$ ) leaf mold to a dep? ( #d in*es or m4 ,wild plants may be us$ = propagation4 ,divisions ( ^! may be set 9 ! fall or spr+1 ab\t #f in*es ap>t ea* way1 9 p]man5t b$s4 ,w9t]gre5 is usually ga!r$ 9 ,octob] or at ! end ( ! gr[+ season4 ,! plants are c>efully dri$ & pack$ 9 bags or boxes = m>ket+4 ,= ! production ( ! volatile oil ! plants are soak$ 9 wat] = ab\t #bd h\rs & !n di/ill$ ) /eam4 ,ov] #bb1jjj p\nds ( w9t]gre5 oil 7 produc$ 9 ?is c\ntry 9 #aiji & #f1jjj p\nds 9 #aiad4 ,! prew> price ( ! oil di/ill$ f ! w9t]gre5 plant z quot$ 9 ! :olesale drug m>kets g5]ally rang$ f #c to #e a p\nd4 ,rec5tly ! lack ( labor has r$uc$ ! output ( oil1 & 9 consequ5ce ! price has advanc$4 ,! oil became practically unobta9able on ! m>kets 9 ,octob]1 #aiai1 at :i* "t x _h rea*$ a price ( #aa a p\nd4 ,collectors usually receive f #d to #e c5ts a p\nd = ! dry h]b4 ,! results ( num]\s trials indicate t1 on acc\nt ( ! small yield1 w9t]gre5 production "u cultivation is n likely to be pr(itable at ! prices quot$4 ,,wormse$1 ,,am]ican4 ,am]ican wormse$1 or ,j]usalem oak 7,*5opodium ambrosioides an!lm9ticum71 is a co>se we$1 occurr+ commonly 9 wa/e places & (t5 9 cultivat$ gr\nd ?r\gh\t ! ea/]n & s\!rn p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! se$s 7fruits7 & ! volatile oil di/ill$ f ! tops ( ! plant are employ$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,?is plant gr[s well "u cultivation 9 almo/ any soil1 b a good s&y loam is pref]r$4 ,x is n[ cultivat$ = oil production only 9 a small area 9 ,c>roll ,c\nty1 ,md4 ,! se$ is s[n 9 well-prep>$ b$s ab\t ,m>* #a1 & betwe5 ,may #ae & ,june #ae1 :5 ! se$l+s are #d to #e in*es tall1 !y are transplant$ & set ab\t #aj in*es ap>t 9 r[s ab\t #c feet ap>t4 ,! soil is kept entirely free f we$s by %all[ cultivation ?r\gh\t ! gr[+ season4 ,h>ve/+ is usually begun e>ly 9 ,septemb] or z soon z ! se$s h tak5 on a black color1 b be=e ! plants h turn$ br[n4 ,if h>ve/+ is delay$ until ! plants are fully mature !re w be consid]able loss ?r\gh %att]+ & a dim9ution 9 ! yield ( oil :5 !y are di/ill$4 ,! crop is h>ve/$ ) l>ge knives or sickles1 ei!r by cutt+ (f ! entire plant at ! gr\nd or by cutt+ ! bran*es sep>ately4 ,! latt] me?od saves ! labor ( h&l+ a quantity ( useless woody mat]ial & also requires a small] /ill capacity to h&le ! crop4 ,aft] cutt+1 ! plants are laid out on ! gr\nd 9 r[s & all[$ to cure = ab\t ?ree days be=e !y are di/ill$4 ,9 ! ,s\? wormse$ has be5 gr[n successfully z a se$ crop4 ,! gr\nd is prep>$ 9 ,febru>y & laid (f 9 r[s ab\t #d feet ap>t4 ,a furr[ is op5$ 9 ea* r[1 9 :i* a complete f]tiliz] is appli$ at ! rate ( #djj to #ejj p\nds p] acre4 ,! soil on ea* side ( ! r[ is ?r[n 9 ) a turnpl[1 =m+ a l[ ridge1 :i* is !n flatt5$ ) a light roll]4 ,! se$s are s[n on ?is ridge ) a drill4 ,! plants are ?9n$ to /& #ah in*es ap>t 9 ! r[ & are giv5 frequ5t %all[ cultivation4 ,! crop %\ld be ready = h>ve/+ late 9 ,july or e>ly 9 ,augu/ & %\ld be cut be=e ! tops beg9 to take on a br[n color4 ,! plants are cut ei!r ) a m[] or old-/yle gra9 reap] & are left 9 ! field until ?or\ghly dry4 ,!y may be h\s$ & ! se$ ?ra%$ out :5 conv5i5t1 b1 s9ce ! se$s %att] easily1 wa/e w be avoid$ if ! plants are ?r[n ^u l>ge canvas %eets & ! se$ ?ra%$ out 9 ! field4 ,! se$ is light & n easily clean$1 b wire sieves ( suitable me% h prov$ v satisfactory = ?is purpose4 ,! yield ( se$ p] acre av]ages ab\t #a1jjj p\nds4 ,! yield ( oil v>ies1 b "u favorable conditions ab\t #dj p\nds p] acre is reg>d$ z a fair av]age4 ,! area plant$ v>ies accord+ to ! price ( ! oil & may range f #age to #dej acres4 ,! av]age annual production ( oil is e/imat$ by produc]s to be #aj1jjj to #ab1jjj p\nds4 ,! prew> price ( wormse$ rang$ f #f to #h c5ts a p\nd4 ,! price 9 ,june1 #aibj1 0 ab\t #ae c5ts a p\nd4 ,! prew> price ( ! oil rang$ f #a4dj to #e4ej a p\nd4 ,! price 9 ,june1 #aibj1 0 #i to #i4ej a p\nd4 ,,wormwood4 ,wormwood 7,artemisia abs9?ium7 is a h>dy h]bace\s ,old ,_w p]5nial ( ! a/] family1 :i* has escap$ f cultivation 9 ?is c\ntry & n[ occurs z a we$ 9 _m localities 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,= _m ye>s x has be5 gr[n comm]cially on a small scale1 *iefly 9 ,mi*igan & ,wiscons94 ,! dri$ leaves & tops h long be5 us$ m$ic9ally1 b ! volatile oil di/ill$ f ! plant n[ =ms ! pr9cipal m>ketable product4 ,wormwood w gr[ 9 almo/ any soil1 b ! be/ results are to be expect$ 9 deep1 ri*1 mod]ately moi/ loams4 ,! se$s are frequ5tly s[n broadca/ e>ly 9 ! fall1 foll[+ a gra9 crop2 b if ! plants are to be cultivat$1 x is be/ to />t !m f se$s s[n 9 se$ b$s e>ly 9 ! spr+ or f cutt+s ( ! "y %oots tak5 9 ! spr+ & root$ 9 s& "u glass or 9 ! %ade ( a la? %$4 ,! se$s are v small & %\ld be s[n on ! surface ( ! soil 9 coldframes or se$ b$s & lightly cov]$ ) v f9e s&y soil4 ,! plants are easily h&l$ & may be transplant$ 9 moi/ wea!r ) good results at almo/ any "t dur+ ! gr[+ season4 ,!y are set ab\t #ah in*es ap>t 9 r[s #c or #d feet ap>t & are well cultivat$4 ,! soil %\ld be kept absolutely free f we$s1 s9ce _! pres5ce 9 ! crop at h>ve/ "t s]i\sly damages ! quality ( ! oil4 ,a fair cutt+ ( ! h]b may be expect$ ! fir/ ye> aft] plant+ & full crops = two or ?ree successive1 seasons1 aft] :i* new plant+s w be f\nd m satisfactory4 ,! plants are h>ve/$ :5 9 full bloom & may be cut ) a scy!1 or a reap] may be us$ if ! area is l>ge4 ,:ile /ill fre%1 ! plants are di/ill$ ) /eam to obta9 ! volatile oil4 ,to prep>e ! leaves & fl[]+ tops = m>ket !y are /ripp$ f ! /ems by h& aft] ! plants are cut & c>efully dri$ 9 ! %ade )\t ! use ( artificial heat4 ,exp]im5tal plant+s h giv5 yields at ! rate ( #b1jjj p\nds ( dry tops or #dj p\nds ( oil p] acre4 ,:5 gr[n on a comm]cial scale ! yield ( oil appe>s to av]age ab\t #bj p\nds p] acre4 ,! prew> price ( ! dry tops 0 ab\t #f or #g c5ts a p\nd4 ,its price 9 ,june1 #aibj1 0 #ag to #ah c5ts a p\nd4 ,! oil 0 once us$ ext5sively 9 ! manufacture ( abs9?1 b :5 ! use ( ?is product 0 re/rict$ 9 #aiab ! dem& = ! oil fell (f & ! price decl9$1 until 9 ! e>ly "p ( #aiae x rea*$ ! l[ level ( #b a p\nd4 ,! price 9 ,june1 #aibj1 0 ab\t #ac a p\nd4 ,! av]age annual production ( oil ( wormwood is ab\t #b1jjj p\nds4 ,ow+ to ! limit$ use ( ?is oil1 !re appe>s to be little room = fur!r pr(itable expansion ( ?is indu/ry4 ,,additional ,,copies ,,( ,,?is ,,publication ,,may ,,be ,,procur$ ,,f ,,! ,,sup]9t5d5t ,,( ,,docum5ts ,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,at #aj ,,c5ts ,,p] ,,copy 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib] ,note ,illu/rations relocat$ to avoid splitt+ p>agraphs4 ,m9or typos may h be5 correct$4