,transcrib] ,note ,text emphasis is d5to$ z ,italic & ,bold4 ,u4 ,s4 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,agriculture4 ,,f>m]s' ,,bullet9 ,no4 #fd4 ,,ducks ,,& ,,geese3 ,,/&>d ,,bre$s ,,& ,,managem5t4 ,,by ,,george ,e4 ,,h[>d1 ,secret>y ( ,national ,p\ltry & ,pigeon ,association4 ,illu/ration ,,wa%+ton3 ,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice4 #ahig4 ,,lett] ,,( ,,transmittal4 ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ,bureau ( ,animal ,indu/ry1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ,septemb] #bd1 #ahig4 ,sir3 ,i h ! honor to transmit h]e)1 = publication z a ,f>m]s' ,bullet91 an article on ,ducks & ,geese1 prep>$ by ,mr ,george ,e4 ,h[>d1 secret>y ( ! ,national ,p\ltry & ,pigeon ,association4 ,x comprises an enum]ation ( ! /&>d bre$s ( ducks & geese1 & conta9s sugge/ions = _! managem5t4 ,! practical in=mation conta9$ 9 ?is bullet9 w und\bt$ly prove ( value to p]sons engag$ 9 rais+ ducks & geese1 & its publication & widespread di/ribution are respectfully recomm5d$4 ,! illu/rations 7 drawn by ! au?or f orig9al sket*es & photographs1 ) ! exception ( ?ree ( ! cross-br$ geese1 :i* are aft] ! illu/rations publi%$ by ! ,rhode ,isl& ,exp]im5t ,/ation1 & ! wild goose1 :i* is aft] ! illu/ration 9 ,wright's ,book ( ,p\ltry4 ,! au?or has receiv$ g5]\s assi/ance 9 treat+ ( ! practical details f ,james ,rank91 ,a4 ,j4 ,hallock1 ,george ,h4 ,poll>d1 & o!rs :o are l>gely engag$ an ! rais+ ( wat] f[ls = m>ket4 ,respectfully1 ,d4 ,e4 ,salmon1 ,*ief ( ,bureau4 ,hon4 ,james ,wilson1 ,secret>y4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,ducks4 ,page4 ,/&>d bre$s ( ducks #c ,:ite ,pek9 ducks 7illu/rat$7 #d ,:ite ,aylesbury ducks 7illu/rat$7 #e ,color$ ,r\5 ducks 7illu/rat$7 #h ,black ,cayuga ducks 7illu/rat$7 #aj ,color$ & ,:ite ,muscovy ducks 7illu/rat$7 #ab ,gray & ,:ite ,call ducks 7illu/rat$7 #ad ,black ,ea/ ,indian ducks #ae ,cre/$ ,:ite ducks 7illu/rat$7 #ag ,managem5t ( ducks #ah ,/>t+ a plant 7illu/rat$7 #ai ,build+s = bre$+ ducks 7illu/rat$7 #bj ,brood+ h\ses 7illu/rat$7 #bb ,supply+ wat] 7illu/rat$7 #bi ,fe$+ #cj ,mix+ fe$ #cb ,h[ mu* to fe$ #cb ,oy/] %ells & grit #cc ,kill+ & dress+ = m>ket 7illu/rat$7 #cc ,developm5t ( ! duckl+ 9 ! egg #cd ,natural incubation #cf ,artificial incubation #cf ,geese ,/&>d bre$s ( geese #ch ,gray ,t\l\se geese 7illu/rat$7 #ch ,:ite ,embd5 geese 7illu/rat$7 #ci ,gray ,african geese 7illu/rat$7 #dj ,br[n & ,:ite ,*9ese geese 7illu/rat$7 #da ,gray ,wild geese 7illu/rat$7 #dc ,color$ ,egyptian geese 7illu/rat$7 #dc ,managem5t ( geese #dd ,mat+ & sett+ #de ,fe$+ & dress+ = m>ket #dg ,cross bre$+ 7illu/rat$7 #dh ,,ducks ,,& ,,geese4 ,,ducks4 ,,/&>d ,,bre$s ,,( ,,ducks4 ,introduction4--,!re are t5 /&>d bre$s ( ducks rais$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 z foll[s3 ,! ,:ite ,pek91 ,:ite ,aylesbury1 ,color$ ,r\51 ,black ,cayuga1 ,color$ ,muscovy1 ,:ite ,muscovy1 ,gray ,call1 ,:ite ,call1 ,black ,ea/ ,indian1 & ! ,cre/$ ,:ite4 ,( ^! bre$s1 ! fir/ six are consid]$ pr(itable to raise2 ! two bre$s ( ,calls & ! ,black ,ea/ ,indian are bantams1 & are br$ m = ! %[room2 ! ,cre/$ ,:ite may be consid]$ z almo/ purely ornam5tal4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4--,:ite ,pek9 duck4 ,,:ite ,,pek9 ,,ducks4 ,hi/ory4--,( all ducks = f>m & practical purposes none /& high] 9 popul> e/eem ?an ! ,:ite ,pek9 7fig4 #a74 ,x is valuable = rais+ on a l>ge scale1 & is ! mo/ easily rais$ ( any4 ,x is a v timid bird & mu/ be h&l$ q c>efully4 ,x 0 import$ f ,*9a 9 ! e>ly sev5ties1 & has /eadily gr[n 9 popul>ity s9ce its introduction into ?is c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4--;,gr\p ( ,:ite ,pek9 ducks4 ,description4--,! ,pek9 duck has a di/9ct type ( its own1 & diff]s f all o!rs 9 ! %ape & c>riage ( its body4 ,by "s x is cr$it$ ) hav+ a %ape mu* l an ,indian canoe1 ow+ to ! full gr[? ( fea!rs "u ! rump & ! s+ul> turn$-up c>riage ( ! tail4 ,! legs are set f> back1 :i* causes ! bird to walk 9 an upright position4 ,9 size ^! ducks are v l>ge1 "s rea*+ z high z #bj p\nds to ! pair4 ,_! fle% is v delicate & free f grossness1 & !y are consid]$ among ! be/ ( table f[ls4 ,!y are excell5t lay]s1 av]ag+ f #ajj to #acj eggs ea* 9 a season4 ,!y are nonsett]s1 h>dy1 easily rais$1 & ! e>lie/ 9 matur+ ( any ducks4 ,! me?od giv5 9 ?is bullet9 = rais+ ducks is bas$ on ! ,pek9 z a /&>d1 & ! treatm5t1 food1 h\s+1 etc41 is giv5 z us$ by ! l>ge/ & mo/ successful rais]s ( ,pek9s4 ,o!r ducks are judg$ = practical qualities by ! ,pek94 ,fig4 #b %[s a gr\p ( ,:ite ,pek9 ducks4 ,! /&>d-br$ ,pek9 has a long f9ely =m$ head1 a bill ( m$ium size1 ( a deep yell[ color1 t is p]fectly free f any m>k or color o!r ?an yell[4 ,! color ( ! bill is v important = exhibition birds1 & x is n infrequ5t t "o ( ! be/ ducks 9 a %[room is disqualifi$ = hav+ a fa9t trac+ ( black 9 ! bill4 ,! eyes are ( deep lead5-blue color4 ,! neck ( a ,pek9 %\ld be neatly curv$2 9 ! drake x %\ld be l>ge & r long1 :ile t ( ! duck is ( m$ium l5g?4 ,! back is long & broad2 brea/ is r\nd1 full1 & v prom95t4 ,! body is long & deep1 & ! /&>d gives = adult birds a body approa*+ ! outl9es ( a p>allelogram4 ,! w+s are %ort1 c>ri$ closely & smoo?ly aga9/ ! body4 ,! birds c n su/a9 flight1 a #b-;foot f5c+ be+ ample to re/ra9 !m 9 an inclosure4 ,! tail is erect1 m s ?an 9 any o!r specim54 ,! curl$ fea!rs 9 ! tail ( ! drake are h>d & /iff4 ,! ?ighs are %ort & l>ge2 %anks %ort & /rong1 & 9 color are a r$di% orange2 toes /raight1 connect$ by a web1 & r$di% orange 9 color4 ,! plumage is d[ny1 & ( a fa9t creamy :ite ?r\gh\t4 ,rec5tly x has be5 notic$ t pref]5ce 9 ! %[room is be+ giv5 to birds ( :it] plumage4 ,! bre$]s are select+ z _! %[ birds ^? t h ! sn[-:ite plumage in/ead ( ! creamy :ite1 z giv5 9 ! /&>d4 ,weight4--,! /&>d weight ( ! adult drake is #h p\nds2 adult duck1 #g p\nds2 "y drake1 #g p\nds1 & "y duck1 #f p\nds4 ,,:ite ,,aylesbury ,,ducks4 ,hi/ory4--,! ,:ite ,aylesbury ducks 7fig4 #c47 are second to ! popul> ,pek9s = m>ket purposes1 & are br$ 9 l>ge numb]s 9 ,engl& & ,europe4 ,9 ?is c\ntry !y are n s ext5sively br$ z ! ,pek91 nei!r h !y be5 f\nd s good z ! latt]4 ,^! ducks receive _! "n f ,aylesbury1 ! c\nty t[n ( ,buck+ham%ire1 ,engl&4 ,!y are ( l>ge size1 pairs occasionally rea*+ ! weight ( #ah p\nds1 ! male birds weigh+ #i or #aj p\nds1 & ! female #g or #h4 ,birds weigh+ #ae to #af p\nds to ! pair are ! av]age4 ,description4--,! head ( ! ,aylesbury duck is long & neatly =m$2 ! eyes ( a deep lead5-blue color2 ! long1 wide bill is ( a pale fle% color or p9ki% hue1 & %\ld be free f d>k spots1 bills m>k$ ) black be+ a disqualification2 ! neck is sl5d]1 long1 & gracefully curv$2 ! body is long & oval2 ! brea/ is full & r\nd2 ! /rong %anks are ( brilliant light-orange color2 ! w+s are /rong & nicely fold$2 ! back is bo? long & broad1 & ! tail =m$ ( /iff1 h>d fea!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4--;,gr\p ( ,:ite ,aylesbury ducks4 ,! s(t :ite plumage is "o ( ! *ief attractions ( ! ,aylesbury bre$1 & l mo/ :ite plumage has a t5d5cy to assume a yell[ hue if expos$ to ! sun4 ,! beak w also lose its delicate p9k hue & become yell[ if expos$ to too mu* sunlight 9 summ]4 ,! bill ( ! ,pek9 %\ld be yell[1 b ! bill ( ! ,aylesbury %\ld be a delicate p9k or fle% color1 & birds int5d$ = exhibition mu/ possess ?is quality or !y w suff] at ! h&s ( ! judge4 ,birds rais$ = exhibition purposes mu/ be gu>d$ aga9/ too mu* exposure to ! sunlight 9 ! summ]4 ,( c\rse1 ^! delicate po9ts are ( no consequ5ce to ! m>ket p\lt]] o!r ?an to %[ ! true type ( ! bre$4 ,= f>m purposes ! ,aylesbury is to be recomm5d$1 second only to ! ,pek92 x possesses ! _m good qualities ( ! ,pek91 & c be br$ ) almo/ ! same success4 ,! advantages claim$ = ,aylesbury are ! ease ) :i* x is acclimat$1 ?riv+ 9 e c\ntry & climate2 its e>ly maturity2 its great h>d9ess2 its l>ge size2 its great prolificacy1 & ! real beauty :i* x possesses4 ,rais]s recomm5d = rais+ exhibition birds "o drake to two ducks1 or two drakes to five ducks1 all be+ all[$ to run toge!r4 ,duck rais]s :o raise l>ge numb]s = m>ket bre$ !m z !y d ,pek9s1 us+ f f\r to eight females to "o male1 accord+ to ! season ( ! ye>4 ,fre% blood is introduc$ e ye> to keep up ! size1 & bre$+ /ock is seldom kept long] ?an ! second or ?ird ye>4 ,! ,aylesbury be+ an ,engli% duck1 x w be ( int]e/ to note ! me?ods employ$ 9 _! native place = rais+ !m1 z giv5 by an ,engli% writ] 9 ! foll[+ /atem5ts3 ,9 & ab\t ! t[n ( ,aylesbury v _m ( ! cottag]s ma9ta91 ea* ( !m1 a set ( ducks1 ab\t #d ducks to a drake4 ,^! !y keep 9 any outbuild+ atta*$ to _! dwell+s &1 fail+ su* a place1 9 ! cottage itself4 ,f !m ! duck]s 7deal]s peculi> to ! trade7 collect ! eggs1 & g5]ally b>ga9 ) ! own]s = _! :ole supply at a giv5 rate = ! season4 ,!y beg9 _! collection 9 ,octob]1 & ! contract is (t5 made = ! :ole produce up to ,june4 ,! bre$+ /ock ( a duck] :o does an av]age trade consi/s ( six drakes & tw5ty ducks2 ^! all run toge!r1 & ! brooks & ponds are look$ ^u almo/ z common prop]ty4 ,!y are sep>at$ at night1 driv5 up to _! respective homes1 well f$ & w>mly h\s$4 ,! eggs :i* 7 laid dur+ ! nighttime are set1 z soon z possible1 "u l>ge & att5tive h5s1 = :i* purpose good ,dork+s & ,co*9s are consid]$ be/4 ,! ducks !mselves are nev] all[$ to sit1 ?\gh !y may desire to d s1 z ! result w\ld be almo/ c]ta9 failure4 ,?irte5 eggs comprise a sett+1 & ^! are easily cov]$ by a l>ge h54 ,h5s are set ei!r 9 fi% pads1 small hamp]s1 or1 9 :at we h f\nd mo/ s]viceable1 ! r\nd boxes 9 :i* *eeses are pack$4 ,9 ! bottom ( ^! is plac$ "s lime or wood a%es1 & !n a ne/ ( hay or "s s(t /raw2 !re ! h5s mu/ be kept z quiet z possible4 ,special c>e mu/ be tak5 to gu>d aga9/ ! intrusion ( rats or o!r v]m9 by :i* ! h5 "m may be di/urb$ &1 z is (t5 ! case1 ! :ole sett+ be de/roy$ !reby4 ,! p]iod ( incubation is tw5ty-eight days1 & dur+ ! la/ week ( t "t c>e mu/ be tak5 to spr9kle ! eggs daily ) lukew>m wat]1 :i* s(t5s ! %ells1 s t :5 ! "t comes = ! duckl+ to make its appe>ance x has n mu* difficulty 9 break+ ?r\gh its cov]+4 ,:5 ! "y are hat*$ !y %\ld be left ) ! h5 until well ne/l$1 well dri$1 & /rong en\gh to /&4 ,_m scores ( duckl+s are lo/ by inexp]i5c$ p]sons ?r\gh _! impati5ce to remove !m f ! ne/4 ,! little duckl+ is at fir/ clad ) s(t1 yell[ d[n1 :i* gradually disappe>s z ! fea!rs gr[4 ,aft] a few days1 ?ree or f\r broods are put toge!r ) "o h51 :i* is q able to take c>e ( !m all4 ,= m>ket purposes ! treatm5t ( ! duckl+s is z foll[s3 ,!y are n all[$ to g into any wat]1 b are kept 9 hovels or ! rooms ( cottages1 ea* lot ( ?irty or =ty sep>at$ by l[ bo>ds4 ,x is no uncommon ?+ to see #b1jjj or #c1jjj1 all 9 "o e/abli%m5t4 ,!y are kept v clean & dry on b>ley /raw2 _! food consi/s ( h>d-boil$ eggs1 *opp$ f9e & mix$ ) boil$ rice & bullock's liv]1 cut ,tip small4 ,?is is giv5 to !m sev]al times 9 ! day = ab\t a =tnight or m4 ,:5 !y are capable ( consum+ m !y are f$ on b>ley meal & tall[ greaves 7crackl+s71 mix$ toge!r ) ! wat] 9 :i* ! greaves previ\sly h be5 boil$4 ,"s p\ltrym5 also use horsefle% to mix ) _! o!r food4 ,! above con/itutes all t is necess>y to produce e>ly duckl+s = ! table4 ,9 plumage ! ,aylesburys are a pure1 spotless :ite1 & fea!rs ( any o!r color w disqualify !m4 ,drake & duck v>y only 9 ! ord9>y respect ( ! male bird1 %[+ a v h&some curl$ fea!r 9 ! tail & be+ ( a l>g] size ?an 8 mate4 ,weight4--,! /&>d weight ( ! adult drake is #i p\nds2 adult duck1 #h p\nds2 "y drake1 #h p\nds1 & "y duck1 #g p\nds4 ,,color$ ,,r\5 ,,ducks4 ,hi/ory4--,! ,color$ ,r\5 duck 7fig4 #d7 is des]v$ly popul> ?r\gh\t ?is c\ntry1 & is consid]$ "o ( ! mo/ pr(itable bre$s to keep4 ,^! ducks are said to h come orig9ally f ! city ( ,r\51 9 ,norm&y4 ,x is kn[n t l>ge quantities ( p\ltry are rais$ 9 ,norm&y1 & :ile !re may be no positive pro( t ^! ducks came orig9ally f t city1 l>ge numb]s ( birds closely resembl+ !m are to be f\nd 9 ! m>ket places !re4 ,"s writ]s cont5d t ! "n %\ld be ,roan1 ow+ to _! color1 b ! color itself does n support ?is cont5tion4 ,! correct "n is ,r\51 & ,roan is und\bt$ly a corruption4 ,description4--,! ,r\5 duck is a f9e m>ket bird1 b does n mature z e>ly z does ! ,pek9 or ! ,aylesbury4 ,! fle% is consid]$ v delicate1 & ! bre$ is ackn[l$g$ to be sup]ior = table purposes1 be+ easily fatt5$4 ,! ,r\5 w be f\nd a pr(itable bird to raise on ! f>m1 be+ h>dy1 prolific1 quiet 9 disposition1 & ( beautiful plumage4 ,_! eggs are n z l>ge z ^? ( ! ,pek91 & are div]se 9 color4 ,! ,r\5 is und\bt$ly closely relat$ to ! ,mall>d duck2 its plumage alone w\ld make good ?is belief4 ,b ! %ape ( ! dome/ic ,r\5 duck has be5 greatly modifi$ f t ( ! wild ,mall>d2 ! body is gr[n long] & heavi]1 ) a t5d5cy to drop d[n 9 ! re>2 ! w+s h lo/ ! p[] ( flight :i* ! wild ance/or possess$4 ,! plumage1 h[ev]1 rema9s almo/ ! same4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4--,trio ( ,color$ ,r\5 ducks4 ,! /&>d-br$ ,r\5 drake has a long1 f9ely-=m$ head1 ) ri*1 lu/r\s gre5 plumage2 bill long & broad1 wid] at ! extremity1 ( gre5i%-yell[ color1 ) a black bead at ! tip2 ! neck is long1 sl5d]1 & neatly curv$1 cov]$ ) ! same lu/r\s gre5 plumage z ! head1 :i* is int]rupt$ by a di/9ct :ite r+1 n q complete beh9d1 on ! l[] "p ( neck4 ,! back is long1 ! upp] "p be+ a%y gray1 mix$ ) gre51 & runn+ into a ri*1 lu/r\s gre5 on ! l[] "p & rump2 ! %\ld] cov]ts are gray1 /rip$ ) f9e1 wavy l9es ( br[n4 ,! brea/ is broad & deep & purpli% br[n or cl>et color1 p]fectly free f gray fea!rs2 ! cl>et color %\ld ext5d d[n z f> z possible t[>d ! legs4 ,! body is long1 deep1 & broad1 ! "u "p & sides be+ a beautiful gray1 :i* gr[s light] ne> ! v5t1 end+ 9 solid black j b5ea? ! tail4 ,! w+s are %ort & c>ri$ closely & smoo?ly aga9/ ! sides2 9 color ! w+s are ( a br[ni% gray1 int]sp]s$ ) gre51 & m>k$ ) a b& ( ri* purple1 ) metallic reflections ( gre5 & blue lights1 & edg$ ) di/9ct :ite b&s2 ! prim>y fea!rs are ( a d>k1 dusky br[n4 ,! tail fea!rs are h>d & /iff1 & ( a d>k a%y-br[n color2 ! out] edge 9 old birds is edg$ ) :ite2 ! curl$ fea!rs are well curl$ & h>d4 ,! ?ighs are %ort & /\t & ( a%y-gray plumage2 ! %anks are %ort & /rong1 & 9 color orange ) br[ni% t+e2 ! toes & webs are ( ! same color z ! %anks4 ,! head ( ! ,r\5 duck1 l t ( ! drake1 is long & f9ely =m$1 b ) a deep-br[n plumage & two /ripes ( light] br[n ext5d+ f ! beak to beh9d ! eyes2 bill1 long1 broad1 & some:at flat1 br[ni% orange 9 color1 blot*$ ) d>k] %ade ^u ! upp] "p & end+ 9 a black beam at ! tip4 ,! neck is neatly curv$1 long & sl5d]1 light br[n 9 plumage1 p5cil$ ) a d>k] %ade ( ! same color2 unlike ! drake1 !re is no :ite r+ on ! neck4 ,! back is long1 ( a light-br[n color ri*ly m>k$ ) gre52 brea/1 full & r\nd & ( d>k-br[n plumage1 p5cil$ ) light] br[n2 body1 long1 deep1 & broad1 ! "u "p & sides ( plumage be+ grayi% br[n1 ea* fea!r p5cil$ ) ri* d>k br[n to ! po9t ( ! tail4 ,! w+s are %ort = ! size ( ! bird & are c>ri$ closely aga9/ ! sides2 ! color ( ! plumage is grayi% br[n1 int]m+l$ ) gre51 ) b>s ( purple edg$ ) :ite1 ! colors be+ di/9ct2 prim>ies are br[n4 ,! tail fea!rs are /iff & ( a light-br[n color1 di/9ctly m>k$ ) p5cil+s ( d>k gre5i% br[n2 tail cov]ts are br[n1 p5cil$ ) ! same d>k br[n1 or gre5i% br[n1 z ! tail4 ,! ?ighs are d>k br[n1 p5cil$2 & %anks1 toes1 & webs are orange or orange br[n4 ,bo? ! ,r\5 drake & duck1 clo!d 9 plumage attractive & pleas+ to ! eye1 are z mu* fanci]s' f[ls z any ( ! v>ieties ( *ick5s1 yet !y are ( mu* value z m>ket birds4 ,! only objection to !m1 aside f _! sl[ matur+ qualities1 is t ( ! d>k p9fea!rs4 ,?is %\ld n /& aga9/ !m any m ?an x does aga9/ ! _m valuable v>ieties ( *ick5s t h d>k plumage & d>k p9fea!rs4 ,to ! f>m] :o int5ds rais+ ducks = m>ket purposes !y are to be recomm5d$4 ,weight4--,! /&>d weight ( ! adult drake is #i p\nds2 adult duck1 #h p\nds2 "y drake1 #h p\nds1 & "y duck1 #g p\nds4 ,,black ,,cayuga ,,ducks4 ,hi/ory4--,! black ,cayuga 7fig4 #e7 is di/9ctly an ,am]ican duck1 hav+ be5 br$ s long 9 ?is c\ntry t all trace ( its orig9 is lo/4 ,x is said t x 0 fir/ f\nd 9 ! c5tral "p ( ,new ,york1 on ,cayuga ,lake4 ,x 0 sometimes call$ ! ,big ,black duck1 & aga9 ! ,lake duck1 b is n[ kn[n only z ! ,black ,cayuga duck4 ,by "s x is suppos$ to h orig9ally come f ! wild ,black duck1 & ano!r /ory has x t x 0 fir/ f\nd 9 ,dut*ess ,c\nty1 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 :]e a mill] 0 rais+ a flock ( ?irty1 :i*1 he said1 7 br$ f a pair he _h captur$ sev]al ye>s previ\s 9 a mill pond4 ,!y 7 kept 9 ! p\ltry y>d1 easily tam$1 & built _! ne/s on ! edges ( ! pond & rais$ l>ge broods4 ,= _m ye>s ! ,cayuga has be5 rais$ 9 ?is c\ntry & has be5 consid]$ by ^? :o h br$ x to be a pr(itable duck to keep4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4--,pair ( ,black ,cayuga ducks4 ,description4--,by "s rais]s ! ,cayuga is consid]$ to be z good z ! ,pek9 = e>ly m>kets1 & ! claim is made t x c be gr[n z *eaply4 ,?is ass]tion is n v]ifi$ by any practical demon/ration1 z ^! ducks are r>ely1 if ev]1 se5 on any f>m :]e ducks are rais$ exclusively4 ,?\gh rais]s g5]ally speak ( _! m]its z mak+ !m pr(itable1 & place !m next to ! ,pek9 = e>ly m>kets1 !y pref] ! latt] = exclusive duck rais+ :]e e>ly maturity & plump c>casses are want$4 ,_! black plumage is aga9/ !m also1 & _m assign ?is z ! reason :y !y are n m ext5sively br$4 ,! f>m] :o desires a good1 practical duck to raise on 8 f>m 9 conjunction ) o!r p\ltry w f9d ?is a valuable bird to keep4 ,m "t c be sp5t 9 dress+ x = m>ket ?an is g5]ally giv5 to ! dress+ ( ! :ite-plumage birds1 & ! pr(its w be proportionately z great4 ,duck rais]s1 l broil] rais]s1 are p>tial to :ite fea!rs = m>ket f[ls1 b ^? :o d n look ) ?is p>tiality on ! :ite v>ieties w f9d an excell5t *oice 9 ! ,cayuga duck4 ,cayugas are spl5did birds = a re/rict$ range & bre$ well 9 conf9em5t2 !y are quiet1 docile1 & =m a /rong atta*m5t = _! home1 ev9c+ no incl9ation or desire to /ray f> away f ! place :]e !y 7 br$4 ,!y are h>dy & prolific1 produc+ f #hj to #ij eggs 9 ! spr+1 & sometimes !y also lay aga9 9 ! autumn4 ,!y are easily kept 9 good condition1 b if f$ too lib]ally !y w fatt5 too quickly & w become too heavy beh9d4 ,! duckl+s are h>dy & easy to raise1 & atta9 good size & weight at an e>ly age4 ,! head ( ! ,cayuga is small1 ) glossy black plumage2 bill r %ort & broad1 ( d>k color1 black be+ pref]r$2 ! eyes d>k hazel4 ,! neck is m$ium1 gracefully curv$1 clad 9 black fea!rs ) a gre5i% lu/]2 ! back is broad1 & ! body long1 well r\nd$1 & v plump1 ! fea!rs be+ ( a glossy black hue4 ,! w+s are long & are c>ri$ smoo?ly aga9/ ! body1 & are black 9 color1 except+ ^? ( ! duck1 :i* are sometimes ( a d>k br[n4 ,! cov]ts ( ! drake are a v lu/r\s gre5 black2 ! tail fea!rs are black1 z are ! ?ighs4 ,black %anks1 toes1 & webs are pref]r$1 ?\gh d>k slate color is p]missible accord+ to ! /&>d requirem5ts4 ,! color ( ! plumage mu/ be lu/r\s black ?r\gh\t1 & fea!rs ( any o!r color w disqualify a bird 9 ! %[room4 ,weight4--,! /&>d weight ( ! adult drake is #h p\nds2 adult duck1 #g p\nds2 "y drake1 #g p\nds1 & "y duck1 #f p\nds4 ,,color$ ,,& ,,:ite ,,muscovy ,,ducks4 ,hi/ory4--,muscovy ducks 7fig4 #f7 =m a di/9ct g5us1 hav+ sev]al peculi>ities or *>act]i/ics :i* make !m diff]5t f o!rs4 ,!y are sometimes call$ ! ,musk duck1 ow+ to ! odor ( musk :i* p]vades ! sk91 b :i* is n noticeable :5 cook$4 ,^! ducks are f\nd wild 9 ! w>m] regions ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,9 ,brazil !y are ext5sively dome/icat$ & are priz$ v highly = eat+4 ,9 ?is c\ntry & ,europe1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,g]many1 !y are br$ 9 l>ge numb]s4 ,wild ,muscovies are easily fright5$ & v good fly]s2 !y fly into trees :5 al>m$ & rema9 !re = long p]iods ( "t be=e leav+ _! place ( concealm5t4 ,!y sometimes build _! ne/s 9 bran*es ( trees1 & also 9 holl[s ne> wat]4 ,description4--,muscovy ducks are v unsatisfactory birds to keep on ! f>m ) o!r p\ltry1 ow+ to _! qu>relsome & pugnaci\s natures4 ,9 ! wild /ate1 be=e pair+1 ! males tight desp]ately1 do+ great h>m to ea* o!r2 & ?is fight+1 qu>relsome disposition is inh]it$ by ! dome/ic duck4 ,! temp] ( ! drake is spok5 ( z abom9able2 8 p]secution ( o!r p\ltry is nev] ceas+1 & he is cr$it$ ) hav+ attack$ ev5 *ildr5 :5 8 d&] 0 up4 ,! fle% ( ! ,muscovy is consid]$ v good :5 eat5 "y1 & comp>es favorably ) t ( any o!r duck4 ,!y d n lay ne>ly s _m eggs z ! common k9ds4 ,:5 br$ !y mu/ be kept 9 y>ds by !mselves1 & _! w+s mu/ be clipp$ to keep !m f fly+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4--,pair ( ,:ite ,muscovy ducks4 ,! head ( ! ,muscovy duck is r long1 & 9 ! drake x is l>ge1 ! top be+ cov]$ ) long cre/-l fea!rs1 :i* rise & fall :5 ! bird is al>m$4 ,! bill is ( m$ium l5g? & v /\t4 ,! face is ! mo/ di/9ctive "p ( ^! ducks1 ! *eeks be+ nak$1 ) a sc>let1 fle%y space ar\nd ! eyes1 & ! base ( ! bill c>unculat$ also ) sc>let folds4 ,?is l>ge1 r$ face gives !m a savage appe>ance1 & to "s x is hide\s4 ,! neck is well curv$ & ( m$ium l5g?2 back broad & flat1 brea/ full & broad1 & body long & broad4 ,! w+s are v long & /\t1 & ! tail is r long1 ) abundance ( /iff fea!r+4 ,! drake does n h ! curl$ fea!rs 9 ! tail1 z d o!r ducks4 ,!re are two v>ieties ( ,muscovy ducks1 ! color$ & ! :ite4 ,! head ( ! ,color$ ,muscovy is glossy black & :ite2 ! bill is d>k horn 9 color2 eyes1 br[n2 ! back 9 color ( plumage is lu/r\s blue black1 :i* is sometimes brok5 ) :ite2 ! color ( ! brea/ & body is ! same z t ( ! back4 ,! w+ cov]ts are ri*1 lu/r\s gre5 black1 & ! tail fea!rs may be ei!r black or :ite1 ! latt] be+ pref]r$4 ,! ?ighs1 l ! tail fea!rs1 may be ei!r black or :ite1 :ite be+ pref]r$2 ! %anks1 toes1 & webs v>y 9 color f yell[ to d>k lead or black4 ,! ,:ite ,muscovy 9 color ( plumage is pure :ite ?r\gh\t2 fea!rs ( any o!r color w disqualify ! bird = %[ purposes4 ,! eyes 9 ! :ite v>iety are ( a lead5-blue or gray color1 :ile ^? ( ! color$ are br[n4 ,! %anks1 toes1 & webs are ( a pale-orange or yell[ color4 ,weight4--,! /&>d weight ( ! adult drake is #aj p\nds2 adult duck1 #h p\nds2 "y drake1 #h p\nds1 & "y duck1 #g p\nds4 ,,gray ,,& ,,:ite ,,call ,,ducks4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4--,pair ( ,:ite ,call ducks4 ,hi/ory4--,call ducks are bantams1 & are br$ m = ! fancy ?an = ! pr(it !re is 9 !m = m>ket4 ,!re are two k9ds ( ,call ducks1 ! ,gray ,call & ! ,:ite ,call 7fig4 #g71 & x is only a *oice ( plumage z to :i* is ! bett] ( ! two4 ,!y are bo? ( "o "* z to size1 %ape1 & habits1 & diff] only z reg>ds color4 ,! ,gray ,call is v simil> 9 color ( plumage to ! ,r\51 & is inde$ call$ by _m ! ,bantam ,r\51 & ! ,:ite is g5]ally call$ ! ,bantam ,pek94 ,_! uses are only = ! %[room1 or z decoy ducks = wild-duck %oot+4 ,= ! latt] purpose !y are sometimes cross$ ) ! common puddle duck or ) ! wild ,mall>d4 ,?is latt] cross is consid]$ excell5t1 ! prog5y be+ di/+ui%$ = tam5ess & dome/icity4 ,description4--,:5 bre$+ ,call ducks1 smallness ( size is ! fir/ consid]ation2 ! small] !y are br$ ! bett]4 ,! arts ( skillful bre$+ = ! %[room are be+ us$ 9 keep+ d[n ! size ( ^! ducks4 ,inbre$+ has be5 resort$ to1 :ile late hat*+1 scanty fe$+1 & nonbone-mak+ food h be5 ! means t h ret>d$ _! natural developm5t4 ,! head ( ! ,call duck is full & r\nd2 bill1 %ort & broad2 neck ( m$ium l5g?1 & back comp>atively %ort2 ! brea/ is r\nd & full1 & body %ort1 r\nd1 & compact1 ) m$ium-siz$ w+s2 ! ?ighs are %ort & /\t1 & %anks %ort4 ,! ,gray ,call drake is a beautiful little bird1 ) a ri*1 lu/r\s gre5 head1 d>k-hazel or br[n eyes1 lu/r\s gre5 neck1 ) a :ite r+ on ! l[] "p ( neck1 z 9 ! ,r\54 ,! back is ( a%y-gray plumage mix$ ) gre5 on ! upp] "p1 :ile ! l[] "p & rump are a ri*1 lu/r\s gre54 ,! "u "p ( ! body on ! sides is a beautiful gray1 :i* gr[s light] t[>d ! v5t1 & ends 9 solid black "u ! tail4 ,! w+s are grayi% br[n1 mix$ ) gre51 & h ! broad ribbon-l m>k ( ri* purple ) metallic reflections ( gre5 & blue1 di/9ctly edg$ ) :ite4 ,! prim>ies are a d>k1 dusky br[n4 ,! tail fea!rs are ( a d>k1 a%y br[n1 ! out] web 9 old birds be+ edg$ ) :ite2 ! tail cov]ts are black1 ) v ri* purple reflections4 ,! bill is gre5i% yell[ 9 color1 :ile ! %anks1 toes1 & webs are orange1 ) a br[ni% t+e4 ,! duck's head is deep br[n1 & has two pale-br[n /ripes on ea* side1 l ! head ( ! ,r\5 duck1 runn+ f ! bill to a po9t beh9d ! eyes4 ,h] bill is ( a br[ni%-orange color1 & h] eyes are d>k hazel or br[n4 ,! neck is light br[n1 p5cil$ ) d>k] br[n2 brea/1 d>k br[n1 p5cil$ ) light] br[n2 back1 light br[n1 m>k$ ) gre51 & ! "u p>ts & sides ( body are grayi% br[n1 ea* fea!r di/9ctly p5cil$ ) ri* d>k br[n4 ,! plumage ( w+ is grayi% br[n1 mix$ ) gre51 & is cross$ by a broad b> ( ri* purple edg$ ) :ite2 ! prim>ies are br[n4 ,! tail fea!rs are ( a light-br[n color1 ) di/9ct1 broad1 wavy p5cil+ ( d>k gre5i% br[n2 tail cov]ts are br[n1 ) broad p5cil+ ( d>k br[n or gre5i% br[n2 ?ighs are d>k br[n2 %anks1 toes1 & webs are orange br[n4 ,! ,:ite ,gall is pure :ite 9 plumage ?r\gh\t1 & fea!rs ( any o!r color w disqualify x4 ,x is 9 e respect l ! ,gray ,call except 9 plumage1 9 ! color ( ! eyes1 :i* are a gray or blue1 & ! color ( ! %anks1 :i* are a bright orange4 ,weight4--,no /&>d weight is giv5 = ,call ducks4 ,,black ,,ea/ ,,indian ,,ducks4 ,hi/ory4--,ano!r /&>d bre$ ( ducks :i* is h>dly consid]$ a rival ( ! ,pek91 ,aylesbury1 ,cayuga1 or ,r\51 is ! ,black ,ea/ ,indian4 ,?is duck be>s ! same relation to ^? j nam$ z does ! bantam to ! l>g] v>ieties ( *ick5s4 ,! ,black ,ea/ ,indian & ! ,call ducks are ! bantam bre$s ( ducks1 be+ br$ m = _! smallness ( size ?an = _! pr(itabl5ess4 ,! same devices are resort$ to 9 bre$+ !m z 7 m5tion$ = bre$+ ! ,call ducks4 ,description4--,! ,ea/ ,indian duck is h>dy1 & w\ld1 if c>efully br$ f ! l>ge/ & be/ specim5s1 gr[ to a fairly good size1 & be pr(itable to keep4 ,9 weight !y seldom gr[ l>g] ?an #b to #b1 p\nds ea*4 ,! close inbre$+ to :i* !y h be5 subject$ has be5 detrim5tal to _! egg production1 :ile ^? /ra9s :i* h n be5 s closely br$ h prov$ v prolific4 ,x may be said 9 favor ( ^! ducks1 t if all[$ to increase 9 size1 :i* !y w readily d "u favorable circum/ances1 !y w\ld prove v pr(itable to ^? :o pref] keep+ small-siz$ birds to ! l>g] ones4 ,! ,ea/ ,indian duck is v %y 9 its habits1 & is giv5 to long flights1 b if att5tion is %[n !m 9 fe$+ !y become atta*$ to _! home surr\nd+s4 ,!y c n be successfully br$ 9 conf9em5t2 _! natures are roam+ & !y l fre$om ( life4 ,! fir/ eggs ( a litt] laid by ^! ducks are sooty or ne>ly black 9 color1 b !y gradually gr[ light] until !y assume ! color common to ! eggs ( mo/ v>ieties4 ,!y are spl5did sitt]s1 & w inv>iably /eal _! ne/s if p]mitt$ to d s1 b ! duck & brood :5 hat*$ %\ld be conf9$ = a c\ple ( weeks1 t ! "y may n be expos$ until !y h ga9$ "s /r5g? & size4 ,! head ( ! black ,ea/ ,indian duck is %ort & small2 eyes d>k hazel2 bill r %ort4 ,! head ( ! drake is ( a d>k yell[i% gre51 free f all spots or blemi%es1 & ! duck's head is v d>k1 almo/ black4 ,! exact color+ ( ! bill ( ! drake is consid]$ ( ! utmo/ importance4 ,x is describ$ by an en?usia/ z be+ a sort ( pale yell[1 wa%$ ov] ) blacki% gre51 ! color be+ laid on ?9ly1 z x 71 s z to give an almo/ transp>5t effect1 & %ad$ (f at ! tip into a k9d ( slate color4 ,by ano!r rais] ! color ( ! bill is describ$ z an olive gre54 ,! neck is neatly curv$ & %ort2 back1 ( good l5g? & m$ium wid?4 ,! brea/ is full1 r\nd1 & plump4 ,! body is long & comp>atively small2 w+s ( m$ium l5g? & nicely fold$2 tail %ort1 & 9 ! drake has ! curl$ fea!rs4 ,! ?ighs are %ort & /\t1 & %anks are %ort & r small4 ,! plumage is a ri* black1 ) a brilliant gre5i% t9t ?r\gh\t4 ,! color ( ! plumage is ( mu* wor? to ! beauty ( ^! ducks2 x mu/ be int5sely black1 ri* 9 gre5i%' reflections1 & p]fectly free f :ite4 ,! plumage ^u ! neck1 back1 & %\ld] cov]ts w %[ m ( ! gre5 ?an w ! und]p>ts1 ! color+ ( ! drake surpass+ t ( ! duck4 ,x is seem+ly a difficult matt] to bre$ specim5s ( ! requir$ color ( plumage2 m especially is x s ) ! duck1 ^: plumage is likely to be ( a br[ni% t9t4 ,^! ducks are q likely to %[ m or less :ite 9 plumage4 ,! :ite fea!rs usually appe> ab\t ! eyes & also ^u ! brea/4 ,birds t h be5 free f :ite z duckl+s h be5 kn[n to molt almo/ pure :ite4 ,! duckl+s :5 fir/ hat*$ are black1 ) a %ade ( yell[ on ! brea/1 & ) jet-black feet1 %anks1 & bill4 ,:5 bre$+ ^! ducks use two females to "o male1 & ! eggs w prove v f]tile4 ,! "y w be v h>dy aft] five or six weeks ( age1 & !re %\ld be no tr\ble 9 re>+ !m aft] t "t4 ,give ! y\ng/]s free range & !y w f9d ne>ly _! :ole liv+ 9 grasses1 insects1 etc4 ,weight4--,!re is no /&>d weight giv5 = ,black ,ea/ ,indians2 ! small] _! size ! high] !y rank = exhibition purposes4 ,,cre/$ ,,:ite ,,ducks4 ,hi/ory4--,! ,cre/$ ,:ite duck 7fig4 #h7 is :at may be call$ an ornam5tal duck1 mu* ! same z ,poli% *ick5s4 ,!y are n br$ to any great ext5t 9 ?is c\ntry1 & !y are v seldom se5 9 ! %[rooms4 ,!y h no especial value to ! f>m]1 z bett] & m easily-br$ birds are to be f\nd 9 ! ,pek9 & ,aylesbury4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4--,pair ( ,cre/$ ,:ite ducks4 ,description4--,^! ducks h a m$ium-siz$ head2 m$ium-siz$ bill2 a l>ge1 well-balanc$ cre/ ^u ! cr[n ( ! head2 a r long neck2 a m$ium-l5g? back2 brea/1 r\nd & full2 body1 r\nd & ( m$ium l5g?2 m$ium-l5g? w+s t smoo?ly fold2 h>d1 /iff tail fea!rs1 ) well-curl$ fea!rs 9 ! tail ( drake2 & %ort & /\t ?ighs & %anks4 ,_! eyes are l>ge & bright & ( a deep lead5 blue or gray color4 ,! %anks1 toes1 & webs are ( a light-orange color4 ,weight4--,! /&>d weight ( ! adult drake is #g p\nds2 adult duck1 #f p\nds2 "y drake1 #f p\nds1 & "y duck1 #e p\nds4 ,,managem5t ,,( ,,ducks4 ,duck rais+ has be5 develop$ )9 ! la/ t5 ye>s into a fl\ri%+ indu/ry4 ,prior to t "t ! duck 0 n consid]$ a pr(itable f[l to raise2 its fle% 0 nev] priz$ v highly by ! masses4 ,ducks 7 rais$ )\t con/ra9t 9 wat]ways1 fe$+ mo/ly on fi% & wat] insects4 ,?is food gave ! fle% a /rong fi%y flavor2 h5ce x 0 n p>ticul>ly s\ght aft]1 save by ! few :o 7 p>tial to t class ( diet4 ,! duck c5t]s ( ,long ,isl& & ,new ,engl& 7 !n produc+ a limit$ numb] ea* season1 & x 0 ) difficulty t ^! 7 sold ) any pr(it4 ,9 fact1 "o ( ! mo/ prom95t duck rais]s may be quot$ z say+ t he 0 oblig$ to visit ! city m>kets p]sonally & tease ! deal]s to pur*ase 8 birds1 9 ord] to secure any?+ l satisfactory prices4 ,artificial incubation & brood+1 comb9$ ) judici\s fe$+1 h be5 in/rum5tal 9 ! developm5t ( ! indu/ry4 ,ma*9]y has enabl$ ! duck rais] to accompli% 8 ambition ( hav+ 8 /ock 9 ! m>kets :5 prices are ! be/1 & also ( rais+ l>ge numb]s ( birds 9 a limit$ space ( "t4 ,! season = rais+ ducks is ab\t six mon?s--f ,febru>y to ,july4 ,! me?ods employ$ by ! mo/ successful rais]s w be giv5 9 ?is bullet91 & ! mo/ approv$ build+s1 appliances1 fe$+1 & c>e w be treat$ 9 detail4 ,duck rais+ is to be recomm5d$ to f>m]s z a pr(itable s\rce ( rev5ue2 & by c>eful att5tion to ! "w1 z k increases1 ! scope ( ! indu/ry may be ext5d$4 ,!re are numb]s ( f>ms 9 ?is c\ntry to-day t are devot$ exclusively to rais+ ducks1 av]ag+ f #e1jjj to #bj1jjj ducks z an annual output4 ,an idea ( ! proportions ( ! bus9ess may be _h f ! fact t z high z ?ree tons ( fe$ are us$ daily by a s+le rais] dur+ ! busy season4 ,! pr(its are ! v be/1 & good incomes may be made :5 once ! bus9ess is ?or\ghly ma/]$4 ,b ! read] %\ld n jump imprud5tly to ! conclusion t ^! results c be easily obta9$4 ,duck rais+ is an ardu\s task2 "o t requires an appr5tice%ip & absolute k ( ! bus9ess be=e success is rea*$4 ,^? :o h be5 successful 9 rais+ ducks h le>n$ ! bus9ess mu* z "o does any o!r vocation4 ,! beg9n] %\ld />t mode/ly1 & increase 8 plant z 8 k ( ! "w increases4 ,! av]age f>m] has all ! facilities = rais+ a goodly numb] ( ducks1 & may ) a little outlay add consid]ably to 8 income4 ,x is n at all necess>y t ducks %\ld h access to wat] to be rais$ successfully2 !y gr[ & ?rive z readily )\t4 ,!re are successful plants :]e ?\s&s ( ducks are rais$ t h no wat]1 save t :i* is giv5 !m z dr9k4 ,x has be5 a matt] ( mu* dispute :i* is ! bett] way4 ,"s duck rais]s use wat] & all[ _! bre$]s ! fre$om ( x2 "s all[ _! gr[+ /ock int5d$ = m>ket free access to wat] until !y are eight weeks old1 :5 !y are p5n$ & fatt5$ = m>ket4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re are rais]s :o h no wat] on _! f>ms1 except+ wells1 :o are j z successful & raise z _m birds z ^? :o h ! wat]4 ,! only noticeable diff]5ce betwe5 upl& & wat] ducks is t ! latt] are ( pretti] & clean] plumage ?an ! =m]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i4--,plans = a duck plant4 ,,/>t+ ,a ,,plant4 ,a duck plant %\ld be locat$ on a l9e ( railroad 9 direct communication ) ! city m>kets1 & n too f> f ! /ation4 ,almo/ any location w d = ! plant1 & worn-out l&1 t c be _h *eap1 w d z well z ! ri*] & m f]tile l& co/+ sev]al times z mu*4 ,s&y sod is to be pref]r$4 ,! build+s %\ld be arrang$ to secure good dra9age & be conv5i5t to ea* o!r1 t labor may be r$uc$ to a m9imum4 ,! labor atta*$ to rais+ p\ltry is an item t is ov]look$ by _m1 & ! co/ ( x (t5 r$uces v notably ! e>n+s ( ! plant4 ,e dep>tm5t ( ! plant %\ld be s locat$ z to economize ! "t ( ! att5dants4 ,! incubator cell> %\ld be conv5i5t to ! brood] h\se1 ! brood] h\se to ! gr[+ h\se & p5s1 & ^! to ! kill+ h\se4 ,! fe$ h\se %\ld be locat$ conv5i5tly to ! brood] & gr[+ h\ses & ! bre$+ p5s4 ,! task ( fe$+ ! gr[+ /ock f\r times a day & ! bre$+ /ock twice a day is no small "o4 ,wat]+ is also to be ?\ght ab\t4 ,! exact arrangem5t ( a plant suit$ to all locations c n be giv51 z ea* locality diff]s f o!rs 9 "s respect1 & :at may be suitable = "o w h>dly d = ! o!r4 ,! plans ( no two ( ! l>ge/ plants are alike4 ,!y diff] 9 location ( ! build+s to suit ! lay ( ! l&2 b !y all h ! same g5]al idea ( ! conv5i5ce ( ea* build+ to ! o!rs4 ,illu/ration ( ?is w be se5 9 fig4 #i4 ,:5 lay+ out a plant1 make provisions = future enl>gem5t2 all[ pl5ty ( room on all sides to ext5d ! build+s )\t r5d]+ inconv5i5t ! "w t w be necess>y to att5d to ! additional /ock4 ,,build+s ,,= ,,bre$+ ,,ducks4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4--;,h\se = bre$+ ducks4 ,h\ses = ducks are s+le affairs4 ,!y are built pla9 & com=table1 & h no furni%+s :atev]4 ,a duck is diff]5tly con/itut$ f a h51 & mu/ be c>$ = "u diff]5t conditions4 ,! h5 ne$s w>m] h\ses & dri] surr\nd+s ?an does ! duck4 ,a duck does n m9d ! cold1 if %e c keep h] feet w>m2 cold feet w affect a duck z a froz5 comb does a h51 ret>d+ lay+ & induc+ ailm5ts4 ,! fea!rs ( a duck are almo/ imp5etrable & w )/& almo/ any degree ( cold4 ,aga91 a duck c n /& ! am\nt ( conf9em5t 9 a h\se t a h5 c2 %e is m re/less 9 disposition & is giv5 to ex]cise 9 a great] degree ?an is a h54 ,indige/ion is n s preval5t ) ducks z ) *ick5s2 ! duck's ceaseless motion aids ! dige/ive organs & keeps h] g5]ally 9 good heal?4 ,9 fig4 #aj is %[n a simple h\se t may be built at small exp5se4 ,x is pla9 & has a %$ ro(4 ,su* a h\se %\ld be built ( r\gh bo>ds1 #ab in*es by #a in*1 & jo9ts cov]$ by #c-;in* by #a-;in* /rips4 ,! ro( %\ld be made wat]-tight & cov]$ ) t>r$ pap]1 %+les1 or t94 ,! outside %\ld be well dra9$ ar\nd ! bottom1 t x may n be damp4 ,"s advocate bo>d floors1 rais$ f #f to #h in*es f ! gr\nd & cov]$ f #d to #f in*es ) dry e>?1 /raw1 or leaves4 ,! writ] favors ! us+ ( bo>d floors 9 all h\ses = *ick5s1 b ?9ks x n ess5tial = ducks4 ,if ! h\se is well dra9$ on ! outside & ! e>? floor is cov]$ ) hay1 /raw1 or leaves1 x w be p]fectly satisfactory4 ,!re mu/ n be dampness 9 ! h\se1 z ! birds w n d s well2 :ile !y are giv5 to wat] on ! outside !y mu/ h com=table qu>t]s 9 :i* to w>m up1 or dry out4 ,! build+ %[n 9 fig4 #aj may be con/ruct$ ( any dim5sions desir$1 accord+ to ! size ( flock to be kept4 ,a h\se #ab by #ad feet w accommodate nicely a flock ( a doz54 ,!re are no int]ior arrangem5ts :atev]1 simply ! floor surface ( ! build+4 ,x is bett] n to use ne/s4 ,"s rais]s use a pla9 ne/1 z %[n 9 fig4 #aa4 ,^! ne/s are made ( #a-;in* bo>ds1 #ab in*es high & #af in*es long1 set #ad in*es ap>t1 & held toge!r 9 front ) a #c-;in* /rip4 ,! ne/s are nail$ to ! back ( ! h\se4 ,b m ?an half ! eggs are laid on ! floor ( ! h\se or 9 ! y>d1 &1 if p]mitt$1 a duck w build h]self a ne/ to h] lik+4 ,aga91 a duck is liable to injure h]self by fall+ ov] ! /rips 9 front ( ne/s or o!r ob/ructions t may be 9 ! h\se4 ,9 fig4 #ab is %[n ! ne/ ( a wild duck4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4--,ne/s = ducks4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4--,ne/ ( wild duck4 ,:5 two or m bre$+ p5s are to be kept1 ! plan ( ! h\se %[n 9 fig4 #aj may be ext5d$ to any l5g? desir$1 z %[n 9 fig4 #ac4 ,9 figs4 #ad & #ae are %[n two m designs ( duck h\ses1 :i* are practical & *eap1 & may be built s+ly or 9 r[s = a numb] ( p5s4 ,ei!r ( ^! h\ses1 & also t %[n 9 fig4 #aj1 make excell5t bre$+ h\ses = ! f>m] to keep ducks 94 ,an inclosure %\ld be giv5 ! bre$+ ducks1 z !y d bett] conf9$ ?an :5 at lib]ty4 ,give pl5ty ( room & inclose ! run ) #b-;in* wire me% #b feet wide4 ,if wat] is accessible1 x %\ld be inclos$ by ! me%-wire f5c+ ( ! same wid? z = ! run4 ,9 fig4 #af is %[n a duck h\se ) wat] runs1 & also ! arrangem5t ( wire runs 9 ! wat]4 ,?is is an admirable plan = f>m]s :o h runn+ wat] on _! f>ms4 ,,brood+ ,,h\ses4 ,! g5]al con/ruction ( a brood] h\se is simil> to t ( ! bre$+ h\se1 & diff]s only 9 int]ior arrangem5ts4 ,! latt] has no int]ior arrangem5ts :atev]1 :ile ! =m] has ! sy/em ( heat+ & cov]s necess>y = giv+ w>m? to ! "y /ock4 ,9 fig4 #ag is %[n a design ( s+le-brood] h\se & gr\nd plan t is g5]ally us$ by duck rais]s4 ,?is h\se %\ld be built ^u a good f\ndation & be entirely pro( aga9/ rats4 ,a good plan is to s9k half-in* wire me% ab\t #b feet 9 ! gr\nd & ar\nd ! entire inside ( ! build+2 ?is w make x p]fectly secure aga9/ rats & mice4 ,! accept$ plan ( a brood] h\se makes x #ae feet wide & z long z desir$4 ,! build+ is #d feet high 9 front & #e feet 9 re>4 ,,gr\nd ,,plan4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4--,plan & gr\nd plan ( five-p5 bre$+ h\se = ducks4 ,x is divid$ into p5s #ab feet long & #f feet wide1 & has a #c foot passageway ext5d+ ! entire l5g? ( ! build+4 ,! gr\nd plan 7fig4 #ag7 %[s ! g5]al arrangem5t ( ! int]ior & location ( ! brood]s4 ,! brood] box is next to ! passageway1 or walk1 & runs ! entire l5g? ( ! build+4 ,?is box is #cj in*es wide & #h in*es high2 ! sides are #g in*es high & nail$ securely2 ! top ( ! cov] is nail$ across ) cleats to make x sub/antial1 & ! cov] has an in* /rip nail$ und]nea? 9 front & back to keep x 9 position4 ,^! /rips re/ aga9/ ! #g-;in* sides & make ! brood] snug & tight :5 clos$4 ,! heat+ pipes are directly b5ea? ! cov] & are #b-;in* pipes1 fl[ & return4 ,"s pref] #a-;in* pipes1 us+ two fl[s & two returns4 ,:5 ?ree pipes are us$ !y %\ld be ab\t #h in*es ap>t f c5t] to c5t]4 ,^! pipes re/ on ! p>tition bo>ds ( ! p5s4 ,! front ( ! brood]1 lead+ into ! p5s1 is cut out 9 ! c5t] ab\t #d in*es deep & #d feet long 7fig4 #ah1 ,a71 :ile ! ends & ! o!r side are solid1 be+ #g in*es high4 ,! con/ruction ( ! brood] is cle>ly %[n 9 fig4 #ah1 ,b1 ) cov] remov$1 :ile fig4 #ah1 ,c1 %[s cov]4 ,! heat] is locat$ at ! end ( build+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad4--;,h\se = bre$+ ducks4 ,ano!r plan ( brood] h\se is t %[n 9 fig4 #ai4 ,?is h\se is kn[n z a d\ble brood] h\se1 ) walk 9 ! c5t] & p5s on ei!r side1 & ) heat] at ! end4 ,_m pref] ?is plan to ! s+le brood] h\se1 z ! c>e & att5tion requir$ = ! y\ng/]s is mu* less & ! co/ ( heat+ is r$uc$1 "o heat] be+ suffici5t = bo? l9es ( pipes4 ,!n1 aga91 ?is latt] plan %ort5s ! l5g? ( ! build+ by "o-half & makes ! "w m conc5trat$4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! int]ior is ! same z t ( ! s+le brood] h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae4--;,h\se = bre$+ & gr[+ ducks4 ,! plans ( brood] h\ses1 z giv5 above1 are = duckl+s f ! "t !y are tak5 f ! ma*9es until !y are ready = ! cold brood]1 or gr[+ h\se4 ,! "y duckl+s1 :5 tak5 f ! ne/ or incubator1 are v delicate & susceptible to ! *anges ( ! atmosph]e2 !y mu/ be kept v w>m & free f *ill+4 ,! fir/ ?ree weeks ( a duckl+'s life is ! mo/ critical p]iod1 & aft] t "t ! liabilities ( loss are r$uc$ to a v l[ rate--h>dly five to ! hundr$4 ,! front ( brood]s = "y duckl+s %\ld be hung ) /rips ( wool5 clo? to keep 9 ! w>m? ( ! brood]4 ,! greate/ c>e %\ld be giv5 !m at ?is p]iod2 ! duck rais]s really consid] x ! mo/ important "p ( _! "w1 & aft] a bird has pass$ ! critical age !y may be c\nt$ on = ! m>ket4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af4--;,h\se = bre$+ ducks1 %[+ wat] runs4 ,usually ! c>e ( ! duckl+s at ?is age is giv5 to ! wom54 ,!y are m c>eful ( ! wants ( ! y\ng/]s & att5d to ! detail "w religi\sly4 ,a case is kn[n ( a s+le att5dant liv+1 z x 71 9 ! brood] h\se ) ! duckl+s4 ,%e began h] "w ) ! morn+ fe$ at #f a4 m41 & until sund[n1 :5 ! night's meal 0 giv51 %e 0 ) h] *>ges4 ,! cleanl9ess ( ! brood] & p5 0 c>efully att5d$ to & ev]y?+ 0 done to promote ! heal? & com=t ( ! y\ng/]s4 ,at night !y 7 all 9 _! brood]s & z snug z x 0 possible = !m to be4 ,a s+le neglect 9 ! />t+ ( a duckl+ w result 9 loss to ! rais]s4 ,sy/em is ! key to ! situation1 & !re %\ld be no deviation f x :atev]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4--,s+le brood] h\ses & gr\nd plan4 ,! duckl+ goes f ! w>m brood] h\se to ! cold brood] h\se4 ,! latt] h\se is plann$ 9 a way simil> to ! =m]1 ) ! exception ( ! #cj-;in* brood]s4 ,:5 ! birds are tak5 f ! w>m brood] h\se !y are ?ree weeks old & ( suffici5t age to )/& a cool] temp]ature4 ,!y d n ne$ ! extra heat ( ! w>m h\se1 & 9 x w\ld n gr[ ne>ly s well4 ,! size ( p5s 9 ! gr[+ h\se is l>g]1 & ! duckl+s are n cr[d$ s _m 9 a p54 ,if ! birds are to be rais$ 9 colonies ( "o hundr$ ea*1 ! accommodations %\ld be ample = !m4 ,x has nev] be5 prov$ to be good policy to cr[d ! gr[+ /ock2 x ret>ds _! gr[? & enc\rages disease4 ,! cold brood] h\se %\ld h a sy/em ( heat+ if birds are to be rais$ = an e>ly m>ket4 ,! same sy/em ( pipes us$ 9 ! w>m brood]s %\ld be run ar\nd ! sides ( ! build+1 ab\t #b or #c feet f ! floor4 ,?is w give suffici5t heat = ! h\se & keep ! birds com=table4 ,^! pipes may be connect$ ) ! same heat] us$ = runn+ ! w>m brood] pipes4 ,9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 9 extremely cold wea!r1 rais]s also use ! heat+ pipes 9 ! w>m brood] h\se 9 addition to ! cold brood] pipes4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4--,plans ( brood]4 ,an excell5t plan is %[n 9 fig4 #bj = ! arrangem5t ( ! heat] = connect+ ! pipes 9 ! w>m & cold d\ble brood] h\se4 ,x w be se5 t ! heat] is plac$ 9 ! c5t] ( ! build+2 ! w>m brood] h\se is %[n on ! "r & ! cold brood] h\se ) runs atta*$ is %[n on ! left1 & pipes1 indicat$ by dott$ l9es1 run 9 bo? directions4 ,?is is ! mo/ economical h\se to build & less5s ! "w 9 att5d+ ! /ock4 ,! room 9 ! c5t] ( ! build+ w be f\nd v useful & is g5]ally us$ z ! fe$ room4 ,! heat] is 9 ! cell> b5ea? ?is room4 ,?is plan is us$ by "o ( ! l>ge/ & mo/ successful rais]s ( ducks on ,long ,isl&1 & x has 8 highe/ indorsem5t4 ,! build+ may be ( any size1 ! plan be+ z successfully c>ri$ out on a l>ge scale z on a small "o4 ,if a small build+ is us$ at fir/1 x may be enl>g$ on ei!r end to suit ! gr[+ bus9ess1 & ext5d$ upw>d ( #ajj feet 9 ei!r direction1 ?us mak+ ! build+ m ?an #bjj feet 9 l5g?4 ,! heat] mu/ be consid]$1 :5 put 91 ) ?is object 9 view4 ,a heat] capable ( heat+ ! #bjj-;foot h\se c easily be regulat$ to heat "o ( #ej feet1 b a heat] t w heat prop]ly only a #ej-;foot or #ajj-;foot h\se w\ld be insuffici5t to heat ! l>g] "o4 ,ano!r diff]5ce betwe5 ! cold brood] h\se & ! w>m brood] h\se is t ! =m] has outside runs atta*$4 ,^! runs are us$ = fe$+ & wat]+ :5 ! wea!r p]mits1 in/ead ( ! fe$+ tr\ghs inside ! h\se4 ,! ducks %\ld be all[$ ! fre$om ( ! outside runs z soon z ! wea!r is suitable4 ,ducks l a life 9 ! out] _w1 & !y w gr[ m rapidly !re ?an :5 !y are conf9$ to ! h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4--,plans ( a d\ble brood] h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj4--,plan ( a d\ble brood] h\se1 %[+ arrangem5t ( beat+ pipes4 ,duckl+s are kept 9 ! cold brood] h\se until !y are six or sev5 weeks old1 :5 !y are transf]r$ to l>ge qu>t]s kn[n z gr[+ h\ses4 ,x is "h t !y are pu%$ = ! m>ket until !y are #aj weeks old1 :5 !y are salable4 ,!re is no heat 9 ! gr[+ h\ses1 :i* are us$ only z a means ( %elt] dur+ ! e>ly spr+ mon?s4 ,:5 ! wea!r is well advanc$1 ! ducks seldom take to ! h\ses at night2 !y pref] ! outside & sp5d _! nights on ! gr\nd4 ,! gr[+ h\ses %\ld be abundantly v5tilat$1 z too close an atmosph]e w d m h>m 9 a s+le night ?an if !y _h n be5 h\s$ at all4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba4--;,h\se = gr[+ ,ducks4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4--,two-p5 h\se = gr[+ ducks4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bc4--,?ree-p5 h\se = gr[+ ducks4 ,a ,pek9 duck at #aj weeks is q l>ge1 weigh+ close to #d p\nds4 ,x is q z l>ge z a full-gr[n duck ( "s ( ! o!r bre$s4 ,9 ! space ( two or ?ree weeks f ! "t ! duckl+s are plac$ 9 ! gr[+ h\ses !y w be m>ket$ at ! weight ( #d to #e p\nds ea*4 ,?is weight is easily obta9$1 & :5 rea*$ ! pr(itable "t to sell has arriv$1 z !y !n comm& ! be/ prices4 ,(t5 a bird kept aft] ?is "t loses 9 weight & becomes unpr(itable4 ,! gr[+ h\ses are built aft] ! plan ( ! bre$+ h\ses1 only mu* small]4 ,!y ne$ n be m ?an #d or #e feet high 9 re> & #a or #b feet high 9 front4 ,su* a h\se is %[n 9 fig4 #ba4 ,?is & o!r h\ses %[n 9 figs4 #bb & #bc may be built s+ly or 9 r[s1 ) #ab-;in* bo>ds sep>at+ ! runs4 ,,supply+ ,,wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bd4--;,gutt] wat] tr\gh4 ,z has be5 previ\sly /at$1 wat] = ba?+ is n at all necess>y = gr[+ ducks1 b a lib]al supply = dr9k+ is absolutely ess5tial to _! gr[?4 ,! food ( ! duck is su* z to require dr9k :5 eat+1 z x is comp>atively dry & c n be eat5 hurri$ly z gra9 is4 ,:5 fe$+1 always repl5i% ! wat] tr\ghs or f\nta9s ) pure1 fre% wat]4 ,a duck :5 fe$+ w eat a small quantity & g to ! wat] tr\ghs1 = dr9k1 repeat+ ?is p]=mance sev]al times dur+ ! meal4 ,conv5i5ces = supply+ dr9k+ wat] to bre$+ & gr[+ ducks are v>i$1 & almo/ any contrivance w answ] ! purpose4 ,:5 small numb]s ( ducks are kept1 ! simple/ me?od ( supply+ wat] is 9 wood5 tr\ghs4 ,^! may be built ,v-%ape or ) squ>e bottoms4 ,!y are %[n 9 figs4 #bd & #be4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #be4--;,flat wat] tr\gh4 ,= small] ducks1 ^? kept 9 ! w>m brood] h\se1 ! f\nta9 plan is to be pref]r$1 z ! y\ng/]s c n get into ! wat] & become wet or *ill$4 ,^! f\nta9s may be made ( air-tight cans = ! res]voir & a t9 plate #b in*es l>g] 9 diamet] ?an ! c4 ,a tomato c & an ord9>y t9 pie plate make an excell5t f\nta94 ,remove ! top ( ! c & pun* a small hole 9 ! side ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* f ! free top edge2 fill ! c ) wat] & place x inv]t$ on ! plate4 ,! wat] w run out until x rea*es 9 ! plate ! level ( ! hole 9 ! c4 ,! plate w n ov]fl[ & wat] w be suppli$ automatically4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bf4--,plan = supply+ wat] by pipes4 ,"s rais]s use a pan--a pie plate1 = in/ance--& place a /one sev]al in*es small] 9 diamet] ?an ! pan 9 ! c5t]1 leav+ a m>g9 = wat] ar\nd ! edge4 ,:5 l>ge numb]s ( birds are kept1 x is ( c\rse necess>y t a sy/em = wat]+ be adopt$ = sav+ labor4 ,a practical sy/em 9 use is :]e ! wat] is suppli$ by #a-;in* pipes & hav+ a cock 9 ea* p5 directly ov] ! wat] tr\gh4 ,fig4 #bf %[s a diagram draw+ ( ?is plan4 ,! fl[ ( ! cocks is regulat$ by hav+ ! "o 9 ! fir/ p5 run v sl[ly & gradually increas+ ! fl[ ( ! wat] 9 ea* p54 ,?us all ! tr\ghs w be full at ! same "t4 ,! pipe %\ld re/ on top ( ! f5c+ ab\t #b feet high :i* divides ! runs4 ,?is plan ( wat]+ c also be us$ 9 brood] h\ses to good advantage4 ,,fe$+4 ,! food ( ! duck is bo? vegetable & animal 9 nature4 ,9 ! wild /ate x ga!rs its food f brooks & m>%es1 consi/+ ( flag1 grasses1 small fi%es1 wat] insects1 etc4 ,:5 ! birds are rais$ 9 conf9em5t ?is diet mu/1 9 a measure1 be imitat$ to get ! mo/ satisfactory results4 ,! duck has no crop1 ! food pass+ directly f ! ?roat to ! gizz>d1 & z a consequ5ce ! food mu/ be 9 a s(t mu%y /ate4 ,too mu* h>d food1 su* z gra91 does n agree ) ^! birds & !y c n ?rive on x4 ,:ile "s rais]s use a small all[ance ( gra9 o!rs d n1 & x has n be5 prov$ to be ( any advantage to fe$ x4 ,s(t food is _! natural diet1 toge!r ) grasses1 vegetables1 & animal food4 ,! prop] selection ( ! food is extremely important to secure ! rapid gr[? ( ! duck1 & ! +r$i5ts ( ! food mu/ be su* z w af=d a well-balanc$ & sub/antial ration4 ,z a :ole1 x may be said t ! rations us$ by ! l>ge/ duck rais]s are ess5tially ! same1 diff]+ only 9 ! quantities us$ 9 ! mix+4 ,inve/igations %[ ! real values ( ! food to be ! same = produc+ rapid gr[? & e>ly developm5t4 ,! duckl+ gr[s twice z rapidly & is a mu* heavi] eat] ?an ! *ick1 & to produce ! be/ results its food mu/ be su* z w be easily assimilat$4 ,! v>i\s me?ods ( fe$+ giv5 9 ?is bullet9 are recomm5d$ = rais+ ducks successfully4 ,x co/s f #f to #ab c5ts a p\nd to raise a duck = m>ket at t5 weeks ( age4 ,! co/ ( fe$ is f #d to #e c5ts a p\nd1 & t ( labor1 etc41 is f #d to #h c5ts a p\nd4 ,x co/s f #a4ge to #b4ej ea* to keep bre$+ ducks a ye>4 ,! ?ree diff]5t me?ods ( fe$+ ducks are z foll[s3 7#a7 ,fe$+ ducks = m>ket 7t5 weeks old72 7#b7 fe$+ "y ducks to be kept z bre$]s2 7#c7 fe$+ old ducks4 ,! fir/ me?od1 = ! sake ( conv5i5ce & to expla9 m fully ! composition ( ! rations1 is subdivid$ into f\r p>ts1 z foll[s4 7#a7 ,f "t ( hat*+ to five days old provide ! foll[+ mixture3 ,crack] or bread crumbs & corn meal1 equal p>ts by measure2 h>d boil$ eggs1 #ae p] c5t ( ! total bulk ( crack]s & meal2 s&1 #e p] c5t ( ! total ( crack]s & meal4 ,mix ) wat] or milk1 & fe$ f\r times a day4 7#b7 ,f five to tw5ty days old1 ! foll[+ mixture3 ,:eat bran1 two p>ts by measure2 corn meal1 "o "p2 roll$ oats1 #ej p] c5t ( ?is bulk2 beef scraps1 #e p] c5t2 s&1 #e p] c5t2 gre5 food1 #aj p] c5t4 ,mix ) wat] to a dry crumbly /ate & fe$ f\r times a day4 7#c7 ,f tw5ty to =ty-two days old1 ! foll[+ mixture3 ,:eat bran1 two p>ts by measure2 corn meal1 "o "p2 beef scraps1 #e p] c5t ( ?is bulk2 s&1 #e p] c5t2 gre5 food1 #aj p] c5t4 ,mix ) wat] to a dry crumbly /ate & fe$ f\r times a day4 7#d7 ,f =ty-two to sev5ty days old1 ! foll[+ mixture3 ,corn meal1 two p>ts by measure2 :eat bran1 "o "p2 beef scraps1 #aj p] c5t ( ?is bulk2 co>se s& or grit1 #e p] c5t2 gre5 food1 #aj p] c5t4 ,mix ) wat] to a dry crumbly /ate & fe$ f\r times a day4 ,! h\rs = fe$+ are #f a4 m41 #aj a4 m41 #b p4 m41 & #f p4 m4 ,bel[ is giv5 ano!r sy/em ( fe$+ ducks = m>ket+ at t5 weeks ( age4 ,?is sy/em is practically ! same z ! "o giv5 above1 diff]+ only 9 ! +r$i5ts us$ = ! fir/ two p>ts or until ! duckl+ is tw5ty days old4 ,! me?od giv5 bel[ is us$ successfully by "o ( ! l>ge/ duck rais]s on ,long ,isl&4 ,x is divid$ into ?ree p>ts1 z foll[s3 7#a7 ,f "t ( hat*+ to sev5 days old1 fe$ equal p>ts by measure1 corn meal1 :eat bran1 & ,no4 #b grade fl\r1 & #aj p] c5t ( ?is bulk co>se s&4 ,mix ) wat] to a dry crumbly /ate & fe$ f\r times a day4 7#b7 ,f sev5 to fifty-six days old1 fe$ equal p>ts by measure1 corn meal1 :eat bran1 & ,no4 #b grade fl\r2 #aj p] c5t ( ?is bulk beef scraps2 #aj p] c5t co>se s&1 & #ab p] c5t gre5 foods 7gre5 rye1 oats1 clov]1 etc474 ,mix ) wat] to a dry crumbly /ate & fe$ f\r times a day4 7#c7 ,f fifty-six to sev5ty days old1 fe$ two p>ts by measure4 ,corn meal2 "o "p :eat bran2 "o "p ,no4 #b grade fl\r2 #ab p] c5t ( ?is bulk beef scraps2 #aj p] c5t co>se s&2 #ab p]c5t gre5 food4 ,mix ) wat] to a dry crumbly /ate & fe$ ?ree times a day--morn+1 noon1 & night4 ,give la/ fe$ an h\r be=e sund[n4 ,:5 ducks are rais$ = bre$]s !y are f$ diff]5tly f ^? int5d$ = m>ket4 ,!y are n =c$ s mu* z are ! latt]1 & less fatt5+ food is giv5 !m4 ,! corn meal & beef scraps are r$uc$ to "o-half ! quantity us$ 9 ! above rations4 ,! foll[+ is an excell5t ration3 ,equal p>ts corn meal1 :eat bran1 gre5 food1 #e p] c5t beef scraps1 & #e p] c5t co>se s& or grit4 ,a ration = bre$+ 7lay+7 ducks is recomm5d$ z foll[s3 ,fifty p] c5t1 by measure1 corn meal2 #ae p] c5t :eat bran2 #ae p] c5t gre5 foods 7cook$ vegetables1 su* z potatoes1 turnips1 etc472 #ab p] c5t beef scraps1 & #h p] c5t co>se s& or grit4 ,mix ) wat] to a dry crumbly /ate & fe$ twice a day1 morn+ & night4 ,aft] ! bre$+ season is ov] & ! ducks h /opp$ lay+ !y are *ang$ f ?is to ! equal-p>ts ration1 z giv5 above = duckl+s f sev5 to fifty-six days old4 ,,mix+ ,,fe$4 ,! fe$+ /uffs %\ld be mix$ 9 a tr\gh suffici5tly l>ge to hold ! quantity )\t wa/+ ov] ! edges4 ,fir/ mix ! corn meal & bran toge!r :ile dry2 aft] ^! h mix$ ?or\ghly1 mak+ an ev5ly color$ mixture1 x %\ld be moi/5$ ) wat] & mix$ to a dry1 crumbly /ate4 ,x %\ld n be too wet or sloppy1 z x is !n n s good = ! f[ls1 nei!r c x be h&l$ & f$ prop]ly4 ,w>m wat] %\ld be us$ :5 ! wea!r is excessively cold4 ,9 a second tr\gh place ! gre5 foods1 su* z cut rye1 oats1 etc41 & damp5 ) wat]2 !n mix ! all[ance ( ! ,no4 #b grade fl\r ) x4 ,?or\ghly mix1 s t ! fl\r w completely cov] ! gre5 /uff4 ,aft] ?is has be5 done mix ! fl\r & gre5 mixture ) ! corn meal & bran mixture & add ! all[ance ( beef scraps & s&4 ,:5 vegetables are us$1 !y %\ld be well cook$ be=e mix+ 9 ! rations4 ,! duck rais]s on ,long ,isl& use l>ge quantities ( fi% = _! bre$+ /ock4 ,?is is kn[n z ! fi% diet1 & is consid]$ z be+ v valuable to induce egg production4 ,:]e fi% are *eap !y =m an excell5t sub/itute = beef scraps 9 ! rations = bre$+ ducks or ducks n int5d$ = m>ket1 b "u no circum/ances %\ld fi% be f$ to /ock t w be m>ket$4 ,fi% makes ! flavor ( ! fle% /rong & ducks f$ on fi% w n h ready sales 9 ! m>ket4 ,! fi% are cook$ by boil+ 9 iron camp kettles until well done1 & !n mix$1 bones & all1 9 ! rations z giv5 above = bre$+ ducks4 ,:5 fi% is us$ ! beef scraps are omitt$4 ,,h[ ,,mu* ,,to ,,fe$4 ,! am\nt ( fe$ ne$$ ea* day = "y ducks v>ies z mu* z does _! gr[?4 ,_! gr[? av]ages a half p\nd a week1 & to make ?is increase ( weight ea* week requires an additional quantity ( food ov] ! prec$+ "o4 ,! rule is1 fe$ ea* meal :at !y w eat up clean ) a reli%1 & d n all[ !m to l+] ov] ! fe$ tr\gh4 ,x is bett] !y %\ld h n en\gh ?an too mu*1 z !y w be 9 a mu* bett] condition to reli% ! next meal4 ,"o ?+ is consid]$ to be ( z mu* importance z ! fe$1 & t is remov+ ! fe$ left ov] & ?or\ghly clean+ ! tr\ghs aft] ea* meal4 ,?is is scrupul\sly att5d$ to by successful duck rais]s4 ,"o rais] gives1 z a g5]\s all[ance = "o day's ration = "o hundr$ lay+ ducks1 ! foll[+3 ,= ! morn+ meal1 #ce qu>ts ( ! ma%1 & = ! ev5+ meal #dj qu>ts1 mak+ a total ( #ge qu>ts = ! day's portion1 or ?ree-f\r?s ( a qu>t to ea* duck a day4 ,ano!r rais] all[s #djj qu>ts1 f$ 9 halves1 twice a day1 to six hundr$ bre$+ or lay+ ducks1 av]ag+ two-?irds ( a qu>t to ea* duck a day4 ,!re are _m patt]ns ( fe$ tr\ghs 9 use1 h>dly any two be+ alike4 ,!y are simple affairs1 ! simpl] ! bett]1 z !y are m easily kept clean4 ,! designs giv5 = wat] tr\ghs are equally z good = fe$ tr\ghs & answ] ! purpose v well4 ,ea* p5 ( birds %\ld h two tr\ghs1 "o = wat] & ! o!r = fe$1 built proportionately to suit ! age & size ( ! birds !y are int5d$ =4 ,make !m ( suffici5t l5g? to avoid cr[d+1 s t all ! birds 9 ea* p5 w h ample room to eat at ! same "t4 ,,oy/] ,,%ells ,,& ,,grit4 ,grit 9 "s =m is ess5tial to ducks & %\ld be kept be=e !m at all times4 ,_m ov]look ?is fact & d n seem to und]/& t x is ( z mu* value to !m z x is to *ick5s4 ,! s& us$ 9 ! ma%es t5ds to supply a c]ta9 am\nt ( gr9d+ mat]ial or grit to !m1 b does n fully satisfy !m = dige/+ _! food4 ,on a f>m :]e m ?an t5 ?\s& birds are rais$ annually1 & :]e disease is practically unkn[n1 x 0 not$ t 9 e p5 !re 0 a box ( grit & a box ( cru%$ oy/] %ells4 ,?is rais] /ates t he consid]s grit & oy/] %ells an absolute necessity = ducks1 & he attributes ! heal?y appe>ance ( 8 /ock to x4 ,8 birds eat x freely & ! supply is nev] all[$ to run out4 ,,kill+ ,,& ,,dress+ ,,= ,,m>ket4 ,!re are two me?ods ( dress+ ducks = m>ket1 by dry pick+ & by scald+4 ,bo? ( ^! me?ods are good & are be+ successfully employ$ by ! l>ge/ rais]s4 ,"s h a pref]5ce = dry pick+ & o!rs = scald+1 & x becomes only a matt] ( ta/e :i* me?od is us$4 ,:5 birds are dress$ by scald+ !y %\ld be dipp$ sev]al times1 or until ! fea!rs come out easily4 ,! back %\ld be dipp$ 9 ! wat] fir/4 ,aft] scald+1 wipe !m z dry z possible ) a sponge & pick ! brea/ fea!rs fir/4 ,a bird :5 dress$ = m>ket has left on x ! fea!rs on ! w+1 ! tail fea!rs1 & ! fea!rs on head & neck1 z %[n 9 fig4 #bg4 ,! legs are left on1 & ! birds are n drawn4 ,! process ( dry pick+ is consid]$ ! simpl] ( ! two me?ods1 & "o :o is accu/om$ to ! "w c readily dress #c doz5 birds 9 a day4 ,! pick]'s outfit consi/s ( a *air1 a box = ! fea!rs1 & a c\ple ( knives1 "o knife be+ dull & ! o!r be+ %>p po9t$ & d\ble edg$1 = ble$+4 ,! bird is tak5 betwe5 ! knees1 ! bill held op5 ) ! left h&1 & a cut made across ! ro( ( ! m\? j bel[ ! eyes4 ,! bird is !n /unn$ by /rik+ its head aga9/ a po/ or "s h>d sub/ance4 ,! pick] seats himself 9 ! *air ) ! bird 9 8 lap 7fig4 #bh71 its head held firmly betwe5 "o knee & ! box4 ,! fea!rs arc c>efully sort$ :ile pick+2 ! p9s are ?r[n away & ! body fea!rs ) ! d[n are ?r[n into ! box4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 ab\t ?is1 z ! fea!rs f ea* bird w weigh ab\t #b ounces1 & w q pay = ! pick+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bg4--,pair dress$ ducks 7#aj weeks old74 ,! dull knife & ! ?umb are us$ to remove ! long p9fea!rs1 & ?is %\ld be done )\t te>+ ! sk94 ,! d[n c usually be rubb$ (f by slightly moi/5+ ! h& & hold+ ! sk9 tight4 ,(t5 "s ( ! p9s c n be tak5 out )\t te>+ & disfigur+ ! sk92 :5 su* is ! case !y %\ld be %av$ (f4 ,sev5 or eight m9utes is all ! "t necess>y to dress a bird4 ,aft] ! birds are pick$ !y %\ld be c>efully wa%$1 & plump$ by plac+ 9 a tank or b>rel ( ice wat]4 ,!y are h>d5$ 9 ?is ice wat] & giv5 a r\nd$ & full appe>ance4 ,!y are !n pack$ 9 b>rels or boxes & %ipp$ to m>ket4 ,! fir/ or bottom lay] is pack$ ) backs d[n2 a lay] ( ice is !n plac$ ov] !m1 & all o!r lay]s are pack$ ) ! brea/s d[n1 a lay] ( ice be+ betwe5 ea* lay] ( ducks4 ,! top ( ! box or b>rel is !n r\nd$ (f ) ice & cov]$ ) burlaps4 ,a fl\r b>rel w hold ab\t ?ree doz5 birds4 ,"s rais]s use boxes = %ipp+ & h ! empties return$ free4 ,,developm5t ,,( ,,! ,,duckl+ ,,9 ,,! ,,egg4 ,eggs to hat* mu/ h good1 /rong g]ms & mu/ be laid by heal?y /ock4 ,debilitat$1 deg5]at$ /ock w n produce heal?y & vigor\s "y4 ,! heal? ( ! bre$+ /ock mu/ be promot$ & ev]y?+ done t w assi/ to increase ! f]tility ( ! egg4 ,com=table h\ses1 cleanl9ess1 pure wat]1 & above all :olesome & nutriti\s food1 are ! be/ promot]s ( heal?4 ,! be/ /ock to be _h is none too good1 & x is errone\s to s5d ! e>lie/ & be/ /ock to m>ket = ! small increase 9 price1 & save ! lat] & inf]ior /ock = bre$+ purposes4 ,a cont9uation ( ?is practice = a few ye>s means deg5]ate /ock1 inf]tile eggs1 weak g]ms1 & l>ge mortality among ! newly-hat*$ birds4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bh4--;,duck pick]4 ,aft] an egg has be5 "u incubation = ?irty six h\rs1 x w1 if f]tile1 :5 held to ! light1 %[ a small d>k spot a trifle l>g] ?an a p9's head4 ,?is little spot is ! life g]m & %[s ! egg to be f]tile4 ,f ?is "t ! developm5t ( ! g]m into ! duckl+ c be pla9ly se5 if ! egg be held to a /rong light4 ,on ! six? or sev5? day ! fir/ te/+ ( ! eggs %\ld be made & all inf]tile ones tak5 out4 ,! g]m is v di/9ct at ?is "t1 & !re has be5 a gradual *ange go+ on 9 ! int]ior ( ! egg4 ,! little spot has be5 con/antly enl>g+ & becom+ m d5se1 & little ve9s are se5 runn+ 9 div]s directions4 ,?is is ! appe>ance ( an egg ) a /rong1 live g]m1 :i* "u favorable circum/ances w produce a duck4 ,an egg t is n f]tile on ! six? or sev5? day w be p]fectly cle> & transp>5t2 all su* %\ld be remov$ at once1 z x is useless to all[ !m to rema94 ,ano!r k9d ( egg (t5 se5 is a weak or imp]fectly f]tiliz$ egg1 & %[s an irregul>ly-%ap$ blood vessel1 :i* _h />t$ b lack$ vitality en\gh to cont9ue4 ,su* an egg w n hat* & %\ld also be remov$ f ! ne/ or incubator4 ,frequ5tly ! g]m 9 an egg w %[ life :5 te/$ on ! sev5? day1 b lacks ! vitality to c>ry x ?r\gh1 & :5 te/$ lat] w %[ d>k1 irregul> blot*es ov] ! surface ( ! egg4 ,^! w n hat*1 & %\ld be tak5 out :5 notic$4 ,on ! f\rte5? day ! little creature inside ! egg beg9s to assume %ape & %[ consid]able life4 ,x has increas$ _m times 9 size s9ce x 0 se5 on ! sev5? day2 ! r$ ve9s h become m num]\s & h spread ov] ! entire surface1 :ile ! yolk is sc>cely di/+ui%able f ! o!r portions4 ,! pupil ( ! eye has n[ become di/9ct1 & ! projection ( ! w+s is cle>ly p]ceiv$4 ,! absorption ( ! yolk has also comm5c$1 & ?is w cont9ue until ! tw5ty-f\r? day1 :5 x w be ne>ly complet$4 ,! egg f ?is "t on w rapidly gr[ opaque1 & at ! eighte5? or tw5tie? day is entirely s4 ,on ! tw5ty-f\r? day ! duckl+ is ready to make its way out ( ! %ell1 & 9 =ty-eight h\rs aft] pipp+ ! %ell x w be entirely out4 ,,natural ,,incubation4 ,hat*+ "u ! sitt+ h5 7g5]ally us$ = hat*+ ducks7 is :at is t]m$ ! natural process ( incubation4 ,! hat*+ ( eggs by ?is means has always be5 foll[$1 & no special skill is ne$$ = success1 provid$ ! eggs are well f]tiliz$ ) heal?y g]ms4 ,_m :o raise ducks 9 l>ge numb]s1 h[ev]1 use almo/ exclusively artificial means2 "s use bo? ! natural & ! artificial1 :ile o!rs use ! natural entirely4 ,( ! natural me?od we %all treat fir/3 ,h5s ( m$ium size ( ! ,am]ican class1 b>r$ ,plym\? ,rocks & ,wy&ottes1 are consid]$ ! be/ = sitt+4 ,n9e duck eggs are ab\t ! "r numb] to place "u a h5 9 e>ly spr+ wea!r1 b :5 ! season is f> advanc$ z _m z ?irte5 are us$4 ,! h5s %\ld be provid$ ) l>ge1 roomy ne/s1 & slatt$ fronts t c be remov$ & replac$ easily :5 ! h5s are f$ & wat]$4 ,! ne/+ mat]ial %\ld be ( hay or /raw1 & ! ne/ %\ld be slightly concav$2 9 ! bottom place a little f9ely cut hay4 ,be=e ! h5 is put on ! eggs %e %\ld be ?or\ghly du/$ ) insecticides2 ! ne/ also %\ld h a good du/+ ( ! same4 ,bo? h5 & ne/ %\ld und]go a ?or\gh du/+ sev]al times dur+ ! process ( hat*+ z a safegu>d aga9/ lice4 ,:5 ! duckl+s are hat*$ !y %\ld also h _! %>e ( ! insecticides be=e !y are giv5 to ! h54 ,:5 a l>ge numb] ( sitt+ h5s are us$ = hat*+1 z _m z possible %\ld be set at "o "t1 & ! duckl+s rais$ 9 brood]s4 ,hat*+ ) h5s may be done on a l>ge scale & ! "y brood$ artificially4 ,z _m z five hundr$ sitt+ h5s are us$ on "s f>ms = hat*+ ducks4 ,!y are set 9 small h\ses or rooms ) ! ne/s ar\nd ! sides 9 ti]s1 ea* ne/ hav+ its own lattice door4 ,ea* day1 9 ! morn+1 ! h5s are tak5 f _! ne/s & f$ & wat]$ on ! floor ( ! room4 ,!y are tak5 d[n 9 limit$ numb]s1 sections1 z x 71 at a "t1 & aft] !y h _h ! food1 dr9k1 & a little ex]cise !y are plac$ back on ! ne/s & ano!r section is f$ & wat]$4 ,,artificial ,,incubation4 ,! subject ( artificial incubation has engag$ ! att5tion ( ! civiliz$ _w = g5]ations pa/2 ! me?od has done wond]s = ! p\ltry indu/ry & has op5$ up ! pa?ways to =tunes t might o!rwise nev] h be5 made4 ,! sci5ce ( incubation & brood+ has be5 develop$ wond]fully 9 ?is c\ntry dur+ ! la/ qu>t] ( a c5tury1 & :at seem$ almo/ an impossibility !n has inde$ become a c]ta9ty n[4 ,!re are _m ?\s&s ( *icks & duckl+s hat*$ by artificial means ea* ye>1 & ! numb]s ( good ma*9es n[ be+ manufactur$ 9 ?is c\ntry at l[ prices make p\ltry rais+ a bus9ess t almo/ anyone ) a limit$ capital may pr(itably engage 94 ,! mission ( an incubator is to supplant ! sitt+ h51 & make x possible to hat* a l>ge numb] ( *icks at a m9imum am\nt ( co/ & labor4 ,t ?is c be done is prov$ ea* day4 ,= artificial incubation1 h a room ) a temp]ature z ne>ly uni=m z possible4 ,balance ! beat 9 ! ma*9es1 or 9 o!r words1 see t ! heat is uni=m at bo? ends1 &1 9 fact1 all ov] !m4 ,see t ea* is runn+ /eadily be=e plac+ ! eggs 9 x1 z !re is a great deal 9 />t+ "r4 ,! ma*9es %\ld be run at a temp]ature ( #ajb = ! fir/ ?ree weeks1 & #ajc ! la/ week4 ,! eggs %\ld be turn$ twice ea* day at regul> p]iods4 ,introduce a pan ( wat] f ! fifte5? to ! tw5ty-second day1 no matt] :at ! location ( ! ma*9e1 :e!r 9 a damp cell> or 9 a dry room ov]head1 9 a moi/ atmosph]e ne> ! sea%ore or 9 a dry "o at an altitude 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! temp]ature may g z high z #aja j previ\s to & :ile hat*+ )\t injury4 ,place ! glass on a live egg aft] ! animal heat rises1 :i* w be :5 ! circulation beg9s4 ,?is w be p]ceptible 9 good eggs ! f\rte5? & fifte5? days4 ,consid]able weight has be5 put ^u ! v5tilation "q 9 incubators by manufactur]s & op]ators1 b x has be5 f\nd t :5 ! egg *amb] is roomy1 & ! eggs are tak5 out & cool$ twice ea* day1 x is n ( s mu* consequ5ce4 ,!re is no d\bt b t !re mu/ be "s v5tilation 9 ! egg *amb]1 b f ! exp]i5ce & obs]vation ( ! writ] ! value ( ! subject has be5 ov]e/imat$ by _m4 ,"s ma*9es h top v5tilation1 "s bottom1 & o!rs bo? top & bottom1 & !re is seem+ly no m>k$ diff]5ce 9 ! hat*+4 ,:5 ! duckl+s are hat*+1 ! brok5 egg %ells %\ld be remov$ once 9 e six or eight h\rs1 s t !y w n slip ov] ! pipp$ eggs1 z x w\ld be sure dea? to ! imprison$ ones4 ,occasionally a little bird is unable to free itself f ! %ell & ne$s help2 ! exp]t c readily detect :5 ?is is necess>y4 ,! "o po9t to note 9 ?is connection is ?is3 ,! egg j be=e hat*+ radiates a great deal ( heat1 :ile ! duckl+1 :5 fir/ out1 be+ n unlike a little sponge1 absorbs x1 or 9 o!r words1 ! rapid evaporation :i* takes place g5]ates cold2 s t :5 ! duckl+s are out ! ma*9e %\ld be gaug$ "o degree high]4 ,:5 ! duckl+s are all out & dri$ (f1 ! ma*9e w run at lea/ two degrees l[] ?an :5 !y 7 9 ! egg4 ,pl5ty ( v5tilation is ne$$ 9 ! ma*9es :ile hat*+4 ,keep ! duckl+s 9 ! ma*9e at lea/ tw5ty-f\r h\rs aft] hat*+1 :5 !y w be /rong en\gh to be remov$ to ! brood]4 ,! heat 9 ! brood] %\ld be />t$ tw5ty-f\r h\rs previ\s to use1 s t x w be p]fectly heat$ & ready = ! duckl+s :5 !y are tak5 f ! ma*9e4 ,,geese4 ,,/&>d ,,bre$s ,,( ,,geese4 ,introduction4--,!re are sev5 /&>d bre$s ( geese1 z foll[s3 ,gray ,t\l\se1 ,:ite ,embd51 ,gray ,african1 ,br[n ,*9ese1 ,:ite ,*9ese1 ,gray ,wild1 & ,color$ ,egyptian4 ,,gray ,,t\l\se ,,geese4 ,hi/ory4--,gray ,t\l\se geese 7fig4 #bi7 are nam$ = ! city 9 ,france ( t "n1 :]e !y are ext5sively br$4 ,9 ?is c\ntry !y are br$ 9 l>ge numb]s by f>m]s & are fairly well ?\ght ( = m>ket purposes4 ,_! fle% is a trifle too co>se & flabby1 :5 comp>$ ) "s o!r geese1 to be priz$ v highly = table purposes4 ,!y are t]m$ a ,*ri/mas goose1 z be+ lat] 9 matur+ ?an ! o!rs !y are j ab\t "r at ! holiday "t4 ,!y are fairly good lay]s1 av]ag+ ab\t #dj eggs 9 a season4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bi4--,pair ( ,gray ,t\l\se geese4 ,description4--,t\l\se geese are m compact 9 %ape ?an o!r geese1 & are pref]r$ by _m = ?is reason4 ,! head is r l>ge & %ort1 & !y h a comp>atively %ort bill t is /\t at ! base2 ! neck is c>ri$ well up & is ( m$ium l5g?4 ,!y h a broad back ( mod]ate l5g?1 :i* curves slightly f ! neck to ! tail2 _! brea/s are broad & deep4 ,! body ( ! ,t\l\se goose is mod]ate 9 l5g?1 broad1 & v deep & compact1 ! m compact ! bett]2 & 9 birds 9 good condition ! belly almo/ t\*es ! gr\nd4 ,_! w+s are l>ge1 /rong1 & fold nicely aga9/ ! sides1 & !y h comp>atively %ort tails1 & /\t ?ighs & %anks4 ,9 color ( plumage !y are a dull gray1 )\t p5cil+4 ,! head is d>k gray & ! neck ( ! same color1 :i* %ades to a light] gray z x approa*es ! back2 ! back is ( d>k gray1 :ile ! brea/ is light gray4 ,! body plumage is light gray1 :i* gr[s light] & becomes :ite on ! belly2 ! :ite ext5ds back 4to & ar\nd ! tail1 cov]+ ! fluffy p>ts4 ,! prim>ies ( ! w+s are d>k gray or br[n2 ! second>ies are a %ade d>k] ?an ! prim>ies & ! cov]ts are d>k gray4 ,! tail fea!rs are gray & :ite1 ! ends tipp$ ) :ite4 ,_! eyes are d>k br[n or hazel 9 color2 _! bills1 %anks1 toes1 & webs are ( deep r$di%-orange color4 ,weight4--,! /&>d weight ( ! adult g&] is #bj p\nds2 adult goose1 #bj p\nds2 "y g&]1 #ah p\nds1 & "y goose1 #ae p\nds4 ,,:ite ,,embd5 ,,geese4 ,hi/ory4--,:ite ,embd5 geese 7fig4 #cj7 are consid]$ v practical birds = f>m]s1 & pay well = _! keep+4 ,!y are nice look+1 ( l>ge size1 tall & erect c>riage11 & sn[-:ite plumage4 ,!y orig9ally came f ,embd51 9 ,we/phalia1 & h be5 br$ 9 ?is c\ntry = _m ye>s4 ,description4--,! ,embd5s are n s prolific z ! ,br[n ,*9ese or ,t\l\se1 #bj eggs 9 a season be+ a good av]age = !m4 ,_! eggs are v l>ge1 :ite1 & h a v ?ick1 r\gh %ell4 ,9 c>riage !y are v tall & erect1 & h f9e squ>e bodies4 ,!y h r l>ge heads1 m$ium-siz$ bill1 & a long neck t is c>ri$ upright4 ,_! backs are ( m$ium l5g?1 & ar* slightly f ! neck to ! tail2 ! brea/ is r\nd & full1 & ! body is l>ge1 squ>e1 & v deep1 &1 l ! ,t\l\se1 almo/ t\*es ! gr\nd ,! w+s are l>ge & /rong2 tail %ort2 ?ighs & %anks %ort & /\t4 ,_! eyes are bright blue2 bills fle% color2 & _! %anks1 toes1 & webs are deep orange4 ,weight4--,! /&>d weight ( ! adult g&] is #bj p\nds2 adult goose1 #ah p\nds2 "y g&]1 #ah p\nds1 & "y goose #aj p\nds4 ,,gray ,,african ,,geese4 ,hi/ory4--,gray ,african geese 7fig4 #ca7 are by _m rais]s consid]$ ! mo/ pr(itable ( all geese to keep4 ,!y gr[ ! heavie/ 9 ! %orte/ space ( "t1 & are ready = m>ket 9 t5 weeks1 weigh+ at t age betwe5 #h & #aj p\nds4 ,!y are v mu* l ! ,pek9 duck 9 ?is respect1 & z comp>$ ) o!r geese give ! mo/ satisfactory returns = ! lea/ labor & "t sp5t 9 gr[+ !m4 ,!y are1 accord+ to /&>d weights1 z heavy z ! ,t\l\se & ,embd51 b specim5s are n uncommon t exce$ ^! weights by sev]al p\nds4 ,!y are fir/-class lay]s & av]age ab\t #dj eggs 9 a season4 ,?is is consid]$ z a l[ e/imate = _! egg production4 ,= table purposes !y are e/eem$ v highly1 _! fle% be+ f9e & nicely flavor$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cj4--,pair ( ,:ite ,embd5 geese4 ,description4--,^! geese h a l>ge head1 ) a l>ge knob1 & a heavy dewlap "u ! ?roat4 ,^! & ! ,*9ese geese are diff]5t f ! o!rs 9 ! head1 & are ! only two bre$s t h ! knob on ! head4 ,! bill ( ! ,african is r l>ge & /\t at ! base1 & _! necks are long4 ,_! backs are long & flat1 brea/s r\nd & mod]ately full1 & !y h l>ge1 long1 & upright bodies4 ,! w+s are l>ge & /rong1 & are fold$ well aga9/ ! body2 ! ?ighs are %ort & /\t1 & %anks ( m$ium l5g?4 ,! knob is black & ! dewlap ( a gray color1 :ile ! plumage ( ! neck is light gray ) a d>k /ripe runn+ f ! head to ! body4 ,! back is d>k gray1 ! plumage ( ! brea/ is gray1 & ! und]p>t ( body is light gray4 ,! w+s & tail are d>k gray1 & ! ?ighs are light gray4 ,! eyes are hazel or br[n2 bill1 black2 %anks1 toes1 & web are ( d>k-orange color4 ,weight4--,! /&>d weight ( ! adult g&] is #bj p\nds2 adult goose1 #ah p\nds2 "y g&]1 #aj p\nds1 & "y goose1 #ad p\nds4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ca4--,pair ( ,gray ,african geese4 ,,br[n ,,& ,,:ite ,,*9ese ,,geese4 ,hi/ory4--,! smalle/ ( ! bre$s ( geese are ! ,*9ese1 av]ag+ 9 weight f #f to #g p\nds light] ?an ^? previ\sly nam$4 ,app>5tly _! want ( size has prev5t$ !m f becom+ favorites ) ^? :o raise l>ge numb]s annually1 b ) ^? :o keep a limit$ numb] !y are f\nd to be v practical4 ,:at !y lack 9 size !y ga9 9 egg production1 be+ ! mo/ prolific ( all bre$s ( geese1 av]ag+ f #ej to #fj eggs a ye>4 ,9 size1 aptitude to fatt51 & ease ( managem5t !y appe> 9 no respect inf]ior to o!r geese1 :ile ! quality ( fle% is decid$ly sup]ior4 ,description4--,!y are exce$+ly graceful 9 appe>ance1 q h>dy1 & ! "y mature e>ly4 ,!re are two v>ieties ( ,*9ese geese--! ,br[n 7fig4 #cb7 & ! ,:ite4 ,!y h l>ge heads1 ) l>ge knob at base ( a m$ium-l5g? bill1 & long1 gracefully ar*$ necks4 ,! backs are m$ium 9 l5g?1 & ! brea/ is r\nd & full2 body ( m$ium size1 r\nd & plump2 w+s1 l>ge & /rong2 ?ighs1 %ort & /\t1 & %anks ( m$ium l5g?4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cb4--,pair ( ,br[n ,*9ese geese 7"y74 ,! color ( head ( ! ,br[n ,*9ese geese is br[n2 knob d>k br[n or black2 neck light br[n or grayi% br[n1 ) a d>k /ripe f ! head d[n to ! body4 ,! body is d>k br[n1 brea/ grayi% br[n1 & ! "u p>ts are a %ade light] 9 color4 ,! w+s & tail are br[n1 & ! ?ighs are grayi% br[n4 ,! eyes are hazel or br[n2 bill d>k br[n or black2 & %anks1 toes1 & webs are a dusky orange color4 ,! color ( plumage ( ! ,:ite ,*9ese geese is pure :ite ?r\gh\t1 p]fectly free f fea!rs ( any o!r color4 ,! knob & bill are orange color1 z are also ! %anks1 toes1 & web4 ,! eyes are a deep lead5 blue4 ,weight4--,! /&>d weight ( ! adult g&] is #ad p\nds2 adult goose1 #ab p\nds2 "y g&]1 #aj p\nds1 & "y goose1 #h p\nds4 ,,gray ,,wild ,,geese4 ,hi/ory4--,gray ,wild geese 7fig4 #cc7 are among ! be/ kn[n ( dome/ic geese1 & are v g5]ally br$ ?r\gh\t ! entire c\ntry4 ,!y are among ! mo/ valuable & practical birds = goose rais+1 & are priz$ v highly = table purposes1 besides be+ good lay]s1 h>dy1 & easy to re>4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cc4--;,gray wild goose4 ,description4--,^! geese h a r small head1 small bill1 %>p at ! po9t1 & long1 sl5d] neck1 snaky 9 appe>ance4 ,! back is long & r n>r[1 & is ar*$ f neck to tail2 brea/1 full & deep1 & body long & some:at sl5d]4 ,! w+s are long1 l>ge1 & p[]ful1 & ! ?ighs are r %ort4 ,! head ( ! ,wild goose is black1 ) a :ite /ripe ne>ly cov]+ ! side ( ! face2 bill1 black2 neck1 black2 & back1 d>k gray4 ,! brea/ is light gray1 :i* gr[s d>k] z x approa*es ! legs2 ! plumage ( ! und]p>ts ( ! body f ! legs to ! tail is :ite4 ,! w+s are d>k gray2 prim>ies dusky black1 %[+ only a d>k-gray color :5 ! w+ is fold$2 second>ies are br[n1 b ( a light] %ade ?an ! prim>ies4 ,! tail fea!rs are glossy black1 & ! ?ighs are gray4 ,! %anks1 toes1 & webs are black4 ,! eyes are black4 ,weight4--,! /&>d weight ( ! adult g&] is #af p\nds2 adult goose1 #ad p\nds2 "y g&]1 #ab p\nds1 & "y goose1 #aj p\nds4 ,,color$ ,,egyptian ,,geese4 ,hi/ory4--,! mo/ beautiful ( ! bre$s ( geese are ! color$ ,egyptians 7fig4 #cd72 !y are purely ornam5tal1 n hav+ be5 br$ 9 ?is c\ntry = any o!r purpose ?an ! %[room4 ,!y are sometimes call$ ! ,nile ,goose4 ,?is goose is tall & some:at sl5d]1 :i* gives x an elegance ( appe>ance n possess$ by any o!r bre$4 ,x c g5]ally be br$ 9 conf9em5t1 b is ( a mo/ qu>relsome nature1 & ! male w fight to ! dea? o!r males ( ! same species4 ,! males mu/ ea* be giv5 a sep>ate p51 & mat$ ) ! females2 x is seldom t any two males c be kept 9 ! same p54 ,description4--,^! geese h a m$ium-siz$ & r long head1 a bill ( m$ium l5g?1 & a r small neck4 ,! back is n>r[ & slightly ar*$ f ! neck to ! tail2 brea/1 r\nd2 body1 long1 b some:at small & sl5d]4 ,_! w+s are l>ge1 & h in/ead ( ! ord9>y h>d knobs horny spurs ab\t five-eigh?s ( an in* long2 ! ?ighs are ( m$ium l5g?1 & ! %anks r long4 ,! color ( ! head is black & gray2 ! bill is purple or blui% r$1 & ! eyes orange4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cd4--,pair ( ,color$ ,egyptian geese4 ,! neck & back are gray & black2 ! c5t] ( ! brea/ is *e/nut1 & ! balance is gray4 ,! upp] p>ts ( ! plumage ( ! body are gray & black1 & ! "u p>ts are a pale yell[1 p5cil$ ) black4 ,! %\ld]s ( ! w+s are :ite1 ) a n>r[ black /ripe or b>4 ,! tail fea!rs are glossy black2 ?ighs1 pale buff2 %anks1 toes1 & webs1 r$di% yell[4 ,! eyes are orange4 ,weight4--,! /&>d weight ( ! adult g&] is #ae p\nds2 adult goose1 #ab p\nds2 "y g&]1 #ab p\nds1 & "y goose1 #i p\nds4 ,,managem5t ,,( ,,geese4 ,goose rais+ is n s ext5sively engag$ 9 z duck rais+1 ! conditions "u :i* !y c be successfully rais$ be+ almo/ entirely diff]5t f ^? necess>y = successful duck rais+4 ,! duck1 be+ small]1 c be rais$ 9 a m limit$ space ?an c ! goose1 ! latt] ne$+ free range & wat]1 :ile ! =m] has be5 prov$ to d equally z well )\t wat]4 ,:ile ! goose c n pr(itably be rais$ 9 z l>ge numb]s z ! duck1 /ill x c n ju/ly be t]m$ unpr(itable4 ,!re are _m places on a f>m t are wor?less = cultivation t c\ld be utiliz$ ) excell5t results = goose rais+4 ,fields t h /reams1 bran*es1 or unus$ spr+s on !m c\ld be turn$ to good advantage by mak+ !m into goose pa/ures4 ,_m f>m]s are pr(it+ by ?is & add+ to _! incomes annually4 ,! c>e & att5tion necess>y = rais+ geese are v small :5 comp>$ ) ! returns1 & ! co/ ( food is also proportionately small 9 comp>ison ) ! co/ ( food us$ = o!r birds br$ = m>ket4 ,a goose on range w ga!r ! l>ge/ portion ( its food1 consi/+ ( grasses1 insects1 & o!r animal & vegetable matt] to be f\nd 9 ! fields & brooks4 ,! simple/ k9ds ( h\ses are us$ = %elt]2 ^! %\ld be built aft] ! plans ( ^? giv5 = ducks1 b %\ld be proportionately ( l>g] size to accommodate com=tably ! numb] ( birds to be kept4 ,geese are long-liv$ birds1 "s hav+ be5 kn[n to atta9 ! age ( #dj ye>s1 :ile birds ( #ae & #bj ye>s ( age are n uncommon4 ,!y reta9 _! lay+ & hat*+ qualities ?r\gh life4 ,g&]s %\ld n be kept = bre$+ aft] #c ye>s ( age2 "y g&]s are m active & insure great] f]tility ( ! eggs ?an old ones d2 besides1 g&]s become m qu>relsome z age advances4 ,! fea!rs ( geese are an important s\rce ( rev5ue & f9d a ready sale 9 ! m>kets4 ,a goose w av]age ab\t #a p\nd ( fea!rs a ye>4 ,! fea!rs %\ld be pluck$ :5 !re is no blood 9 ! ends ( ! quills2 ?is c be readily asc]ta9$1 z !y w !n leave ! fle% )\t h>d pull+4 ,almo/ all bre$s ( geese are good sitt]s & att5tive mo!rs1 & if left to !mselves w make _! ne/s1 mu* z :5 wild1 & hat* a l>ge p]c5tage ( _! eggs4 ,b h5s are n[ m frequ5tly us$ = hat*+ goose eggs2 z by tak+ ! eggs f ! goose :5 laid & giv+ !m to h5s to hat*1 ! goose w lay a great] numb] ( eggs ?an if %e 7 p]mitt$ to sit4 ,all bre$s ( geese1 except p]haps ! ,egyptian1 are to be recomm5d$ to f>m]s :o keep a limit$ numb] 9 addition to o!r p\ltry & all[ !m ! fre$om ( ! f>m1 b :5 goose rais+ is to be m ext5sively engag$ 91 ! ,african goose is to be especially comm5d$4 ,x is ! quicke/ to mature1 mo/ prolific1 & ! easie/ to h&le ( any ( ! v>ieties4 ,,mat+ ,,& ,,sett+4 ,9 bre$+ ,african geese1 mate two geese to "o g&]1 & x w be /ill bett] if pairs are us$ to secure bett] f]tility ( ! eggs4 ,^? :o contemplate rais+ geese %\ld secure _! /ock 9 ! fall1 s t ! birds may become accu/om$ to ! place be=e ! bre$+ season beg9s4 ,! bre$+ /ock %\ld be at lea/ #b ye>s old1 & fully matur$ birds4 ,:5 /ock is pur*as$ 9 ! fall !y %\ld be turn$ out 9 a pa/ure1 & no o!r food ?an :at !y ga!r !mselves w be ne$$ until ! grass goes d[n4 ,_! rations %\ld !n consi/ ( equal p>ts by measure1 bran1 middl+s1 & corn meal1 ) #e p] c5t ( ?is bulk ( beef scraps4 ,!y %\ld be giv5 a light fe$ ( ?is ration 9 ! morn+1 & at night !y %\ld be f$ crack$ corn4 ,t5 p] c5t ( ! bulk ( ! daily ration %\ld be gre5 foods1 /eam$ clov]1 & cook$ vegetables4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ce4--,wild & ,african cross4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cf4--;,embd5 & ,t\l\se cross4 ,! bre$+ season beg9s ab\t ,febru>y #a1 ?\gh "s geese w beg9 lay+ z e>ly z ,decemb]1 !n /op1 & beg9 aga9 ! fir/ ( ,febru>y4 ,!y make _! own ne/s f ! /raw & litt] on ! floor ( _! h\ses1 & w lay f #ab to #bj eggs be=e becom+ broody4 ,z soon z ! goose %[s an incl9ation to sit1 remove h] & place h] 9 a d>k box or small coop1 & keep h] !re = two or ?ree days ) wat] = dr9k1 b no food4 ,!n %e may be plac$ back 9 ! y>ds & %e w beg9 ano!r lay+ ( eggs4 ,! fir/ & second lay+s ( eggs %\ld be set "u h5s4 ,aft] ! goose lays ! second lay+ %e %\ld be conf9$ aga91 :5 %e w lay a ?ird lay+4 ,:5 %e has laid ! ?ird lay+ %e %\ld be p]mitt$ to sit on !m1 in/ead ( giv+ !m to h5s4 ,a goose w lay f #aj to #ae eggs 9 ea* ( ! second & ?ird lay+s4 ,x is recomm5d$ t aft] ! eggs h be5 sat ^u = tw5ty-five days1 t !y be tak5 f ! ne/ & plac$ = ab\t "o m9ute 9 wat] heat$ to a temp]ature ( #ajd4 ,?irty days are requir$ = incubation4 ,aft] ! eggs h hat*$ leave ! h5 & gosl+s 9 ! ne/ = tw5ty-f\r h\rs2 aft] ! "y h become ?or\ghly dry remove h5 & brood & p5 !m 9 a l>ge1 roomy coop = f\r or five days4 ,:5 ! gosl+s h rea*$ ?is age--f\r or five days--!y are p]fectly able to take c>e ( !mselves4 ,! h5 %\ld !n be tak5 f ! gosl+s1 :i* %\ld be all[$ fre$om to roam at w1 b !y %\ld always be coop$ up at night4 ,,fe$+ ,,& ,,dress+ ,,= ,,m>ket4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cg4--;,embd5 & ,african cross4 ,! fir/ fe$ = gosl+s is grass1 f$ on sod2 a small all[ance ( corn meal1 slightly moi/5$1 is also giv5 !m4 ,s& & *>coal are sometimes mix$ ) ! corn meal4 ,!y are f$ on ! above food ?ree times a day = a c\ple ( days1 :5 !y are giv5 a ration compos$ ( equal p>ts by measure1 bran1 middl+s1 & /eam$ cut clov] or cook$ vegetables4 ,?is fe$ is giv5 !m morn+1 noon1 & night1 until !y are #h weeks old1 :5 !y are p5n$ to be fatt5$ = m>ket at #aj weeks old4 ,to fatt5 "y geese1 place !m 9 a p51 n too l>ge1 s t !y w n ex]cise too mu*1 & fe$ ?ree times a day all !y w eat up clean ( ! foll[+3 ,corn meal mix$ to a dry crumbly /ate1 & beef scraps am\nt+ to #bj p] c5t ( ! bulk ( ! corn meal4 ,:ile fatt5+ "y geese !y %\ld be kept z quiet z possible2 no excitem5t :atev] %\ld di/urb !m4 ,:5 fe$+ approa* !m quietly1 & d n irritate !m 9 ! lea/ or !y w n fatt51 b w ?r[ out or gr[ ano!r crop ( fea!rs4 ,at #aj weeks ( age1 or :5 ! tips ( ! w+s rea* ! tail1 !y are ready = m>ket & %\ld weigh betwe5 #h & #aj p\nds4 ,:5 "y gosl+s are to be dress$ = m>ket !y are kill$ by cutt+ !m 9 ! ro( ( ! m\?1 sev]+ ! art]y1 or by /unn+ !m by hitt+ !m a %>p1 quick bl[ on ! head4 ,! pick] uses a box 9 front ( him ab\t ! height ( ! knees1 hold+ ! bird ) ! left h& & clasp+ ! feet & w+s toge!r2 he places ! head ( ! bird aga9/ ! box & holds x 9 place ) ! knee4 ,pick ! fea!rs f ! body ( ! bird1 !n damp5 ! "r h& & bru% ! body to remove ! d[n4 ,leave ab\t #b in*es ( fea!rs on ! neck1 & also leave fea!rs on ! w+s at ! fir/ jo9t4 ,lay ! w+s aga9/ ! body ( ! birds & tie a /r+ ar\nd to hold 9 position4 ,i lace ! birds1 :5 pick$1 9 cold wat] = an h\r or s to plump !m2 if !y are 9 ! wat] too long !y are liable to blea* & become wat]-soak$4 ,!y are !n ic$ up 9 b>rels already to %ip to m>ket4 ,"y geese %\ld be m>ket$ 9 ,octob]4 ,x is be/ to m>ket all possible be=e cold wea!r sets 94 ,x is mu* h>d] to dress a gosl+ 9 cold wea!r4 ,! fea!rs set tight]1 & 9 pick+ !m ! fle% is torn4 ,,cross ,,bre$+4 ,! mo/ satisfactory results are to be _h by bre$+ pure /&>d-br$ /ock )\t cross+4 ,b to ^? :o are p>tial to crosses ! foll[+ are consid]$ ! be/ to make3 7#a7 ,wild g&] on ,african goose 7fig4 #ce72 7#b7 ,embd5 g&] on ,t\l\se goose 7fig4 #cf72 7#c7 ,embd5 g&] on ,african goose 7fig4 #cg71 & 7#d7 ,embd5 g&] on ,:ite ,*9a goose4 ,^! crosses w give good gr[? & ! "y birds w dress well = m>ket4 ,crosses %\ld only be made = m>ket purposes1 & %\ld always be br$ f orig9al /ock4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,f>m]s' ,,bullet9s4 ,^! bullet9s are s5t free ( *>ge to any address ^u application to ! ,secret>y ( ,agriculture1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,only ! foll[+ are available3 ,no4 #ae4--,"s ,de/ructive ,potato ,diseases3 ,:at ,!y ,are & ,h[ to ,prev5t ,!m4 ,no4 #af4--,legum9\s ,plants = ,gre5 ,manur+ & = ,fe$+4 ,no4 #ah4--;,=age ,plants = ! ,s\?4 ,no4 #ai4--;,important ,insecticides3 ,directions = _! ,prep>ation & ,use4 ,no4 #ba4--;,b>ny>d ,manure4 ,no4 #bb4--;,fe$+ ,f>m ,animals4 ,no4 #bc4--;,foods3 ,nutritive ,value & ,co/4 ,no4 #bd4--;,hog ,*ol]a & ,sw9e ,plague4 ,no4 #be4--,peanuts3 ,culture & ,uses4 ,no4 #bf4--,sweet ,potatoes3 ,culture & ,uses4 ,no4 #bg4--;,flax = ,se$ & ,fib]4 ,no4 #bh4--,we$s2 & ,h[ to ,kill ,!m4 ,no4 #bi4--,s\r+ ( ,milk & ,o!r ,*anges 9 ,milk ,products4 ,no4 #cj4--;,grape ,diseases on ! ,pacific ,coa/4 ,no4 #ca4--;,alfalfa1 or ,luc]n4 ,no4 #cb4--,silos & ,silage4 ,no4 #cc4--,pea* ,gr[+ = ,m>ket4 ,no4 #cd4--,meats3 ,composition & ,cook+4 ,no4 #ce4--,potato ,culture4 ,no4 #cf4--;,cotton ,se$ & ,its ,products4 ,no4 #cg4--,kafir ,corn3 ,*>act]i/ics1 ,culture1 & ,uses4 ,no4 #ch4--,spray+ = ,fruit ,diseases4 ,no4 #ci4--,onion ,culture4 ,no4 #dj4--;,f>m ,dra9age4 ,no4 #da4--;,f[ls3 ,c>e & ,fe$+4 ,no4 #db4--;,facts ,ab\t ,milk4 ,no4 #dc4--,sewage ,disposal on ! ,f>m4 ,no4 #dd4--;,comm]cial ,f]tiliz]s4 ,no4 #de4--,"s ,insects ,injuri\s to ,/or$ ,gra94 ,no4 #df4--;,irrigation 9 ,humid ,climates4 ,no4 #dg4--;,insects ,affect+ ! ,cotton ,plant4 ,no4 #dh4--,! ,manur+ ( ,cotton4 ,no4 #di4--,%eep ,fe$+4 ,no4 #ej4--,sorghum z a ,=age ,crop4 ,no4 #ea4--,/&>d ,v>ieties ( ,*ick5s4 ,no4 #eb4--,! ,sug> ,beet4 ,no4 #ec4--;,h[ to ,gr[ ,mu%rooms4 ,no4 #ed4--,"s ,common ,birds 9 ,_! ,relation to ,agriculture4 ,no4 #ee4--,! ,dairy ,h]d3 ,its ,=mation & ,managem5t4 ,no4 #ef4--;,exp]im5t ,/ation ,"w--,i4 ,no4 #eg4--;,butt] ,mak+ on ! ,f>m4 ,no4 #eh4--,! ,soy ,bean z a ,=age ,crop4 ,no4 #ei4--;,bee ,keep+4 ,no4 #fj4--,me?ods ( ,cur+ ,tobacco4 ,no4 #fa4--;,asp>agus ,culture4 ,no4 #fb4--,m>ket+ ,f>m ,produce4 ,no4 #fc4--;,c>e ( ,milk on ! ,f>m4 ,no4 #fd4--;,ducks & ,geese4 ,no4 #fe4--;,exp]im5t ,/ation ,"w--,,ii4 ,no4 #ff4--,mead[s & ,pa/ures4 ,no4 #fg4--;,=e/ry = ,f>m]s4 ,no4 #fh4--,! ,black ,rot ( ! ,cabbage4 ,no4 #fi4--;,exp]im5t ,/ation ,"w--,,iii4 ,no4 #gj4--,! ,pr9cipal ,insect ,enemies ( ! ,grape4 ,no4 #ga4--,"s ,ess5tials ( ,beef ,production4 ,no4 #gb4--;,cattle ,ranges ( ! ,s\?we/4 ,no4 #gc4--;,exp]im5t ,/ation ,"w--,,iv4 ,no4 #gd4--,milk z ,food4 ,no4 #ge4--,! ,gra9 ,smuts4 ,no4 #gf4--,tomato ,gr[+4 ,no4 #gg4--,! ,lim+ ( ,soils4 ,no4 #gh4--;,exp]im5t ,/ation ,"w--,v4 ,no4 #gi4--;,exp]im5t ,/ation ,"w--,,vi4 ,no4 #hj4--,! ,pea* ,twig-bor]--an ,important ,enemy ( ,/one ,fruits4 ,no4 #ha4--;,corn ,culture 9 ! ,s\?4 ,no4 #hb4--,! ,culture ( ,tobacco4 ,no4 #hc4--,tobacco ,soils4 ,no4 #hd4--;,exp]im5t ,/ation ,"w--,,vii4 ,no4 #he4--;,fi% z ,food4 ,no4 #hf4--,?irty ,poison\s ,plants4 ,no4 #hg4--;,exp]im5t ,/ation ,"w--,,viii4 ,no4 #hh4--;,alkali ,l&s4 ,no4 #hi4--;,c[peas4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib] ,note ,m9or typos may h be5 correct$4 ,illu/rations 7 reposition$ to avoid splitt+ p>agraphs4