,transcrib] ,notes    ,text emphasis is 
d5ot$ z ,bold & ,italics4               
,u4 ,s4 ,,dep>tm5t ,,(                  
,,agriculture                           
,,f>m]s' ,,bullet9 ,no4 #afch           
,,rat ,,pro(+                           
,,build+s &                             
,,premises    ,illu/ration      ,,food  
,,& ,,%elt] are z ess5tial to rats z to 
o!r animals1 & !  removal ( ^! (f]s a   
practical means ( p]man5t rat control4  
,! numb] ( rats on premises & ! ext5t ( 
_! de/ructiv5ess  are usually 9 direct  
proportion to ! available food supply & 
to  ! %elt] af=d$4 ,rat pro(+ 9 !       
broade/ s5se embraces n  only !         
exclusion ( rats f build+s ( all types b
 also !  elim9ation ( _! hid+ & ne/+    
places & cutt+ (f _!  food supply4      
,?r\gh op5 doors & 9 o!r ways1 rats may 
frequ5tly  ga9 access to /ructures t are
 o!rwise rat pro(1 b !y c  n p]si/ !re  
unless !y f9d safe retreats & food4 ,:5 
rat  pro(+ becomes ! regul> practice !  
rat problem w h be5  l>gely solv$4      

,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4              ,issu$   
,decemb]1 #aicj                         
,,rat ,,pro(+ ,,build+s                 
,,& ,,premises    ,by ,james ,silv]1    
,associate ,biologi/1 & ,w4 ,e4 ,cr\*1  
,s5ior  ,biologi/1 ,division (          
,pr$atory-,animal & ,rod5t ,control1    
,bureau (  ,biological ,survey1 & ,m4   
,c4 ,betts1 ,s5ior ,ar*itect1 ,division 
(  ,agricultural ,eng9e]+1 ,bureau (    
,public ,roads4        ,,cont5ts        
,page      ,introduction                
#a      ,g5]al pr9ciples ( rat pro(+    
#b      ,rat-pro(+ f>m build+s          
#b      ,b>ns                           
#e      ,corncribs                      
#g      ,gran>ies                       
#i      ,p\ltry h\ses                   
#i      ,o!r f>m /ructures              
#aa      ,rat pro(+ city build+s        
#ac      ,m>kets                        
#ah      ,w>eh\ses                      
#ai      ,rat pro(+ ! city              
#bj      ,model rat-pro(+ ord9ances     
#ba          ,,introduction      ,,!    

,,pr9ciples ( mod]n con/ruction (       
build+s are oppos$ to  ev]y?+ conducive 
to ! be/ int]e/s ( ! rat4 ,!y call =  ! 
lib]al use ( inde/ructible &            
noncombu/ible mat]ials1 z  well-made    
concrete & /eel1 & ^! are too mu* = ev5 
!  %>pe/ ( rod5t incisors4 ,!y include1 
also1 fire /opp+ 9  d\ble walls & floors
 & ! elim9ation ( all dead spaces & d>k 
corn]s1 & ! rat is left no place 9 :i*  
to hide4 ,!y embody  sanit>y features t 
provide = hygi5ic /orage ( food1 & !    
rat c n live )\t some?+ to eat4    ,_m  
m5 h devot$ _! lives to a /udy ( me?ods 
( rat control1  & z a result c\ntless   
prep>ations1 devices1 & contrivances are
  con/antly be+ made available4 ,trapp+1
 sn>+1 trail+1 flood+1  digg+1 hunt+1   
f]ret+1 poison+1 & fumigat+ are employ$1
  & rat limes1 rat lures1 rat repell5ts1
 & bact]ial viruses are  resort$ to1 &  
ev5 antirat laws1 local4 ,/ate1 &       
national1 are  con/antly be+ pass$ 9 a  
_w-wide ef=t to conqu] ?is rod5t4  ,^! h
 be5 important factors 9 keep+ d[n !    

surplus1 b  all de/ructive ag5cies t h  
be5 us$ h utt]ly fail$ to  r$uce        
mat]ially ! total numb] ( rats 9 ! _w4  
,rat pro(+1  h[ev]1 is at la/ mak+      
def9ite headway aga9/ ! age-old enemy  (
 mank9d1 & x is ^u ?is t ! ultimate     
solution ( ! rat  problem w dep5d4    ,!
 de/ruction ( rats = tempor>y relief & =
 keep+ !m "u  control 9 places :]e rat  
pro(+ is n possible or practicable  w   
always be necess>y1 & k ( ! be/ means ( 
de/roy+  rats is ess5tial to any        
rat-control program4 ,in=mation on      
poison+1  trapp+1 & o!r means ( de/roy+ 
rats is giv5 9 ,f>m]s'  ,bullet9 #aecc1 
,rat ,control4 ,p]man5t fre$om f rats1  
h[ev]1  %\ld be ! goal ( ev]yone tr\bl$ 
) ! pe/s & rat pro(+  (f]s ! be/ means  
to ?is end4          ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples
 ,,( ,,rat ,,pro(+      ,e sep>ate      
/ructure pres5ts its individual problem1
 b !re  are two g5]al pr9ciples t apply 
9 all cases & t %\ld be  kept 9 m9d :5 !
 rat pro(+ ( any build+ is be+ consid]$4
  ,fir/1 ! ext]ior ( ^? p>ts ( !        

/ructure accessible to  rats1 includ+   
por*es or o!r appurt5ances1 mu/ be      
con/ruct$  ( mat]ials resi/ant to !     
gnaw+ ( rats1 & all op5+s mu/  be ei!r  
p]man5tly clos$ or protect$ ) doors1    
grat+s1 or  scre5s2 second1 ! int]ior ( 
! build+ mu/ provide no dead spaces1    
su* z d\ble walls1 spaces betwe5 ceil+s 
& floors1 /aircases1  & box$-9 pip+1 or 
any o!r places :]e a rat might f9d safe 
h>borage1 unless !y are p]man5tly seal$ 
) imp]vi\s mat]ials4    ,all new build+s
 %\ld be made rat pro(4 ,:5 plans are   
be+  drawn = a build+1 ! rat problem is 
frequ5tly ov]look$1  usually because    
rats are n (t5 pres5t ne> sites select$ 
=  new /ructures4 ,!y are c]ta9 to come 
lat]1 h[ev]1 & %\ld  !re=e be tak5 into 
acc\nt4 ,mod]n /ructures are s ne>ly    
rat pro( t to make !m completely s      
requires only slight &  inexp5sive      
*anges4 ,fur!rmore1 rat pro(+ is closely
 associat$  ) fire /opp+ & ) sanit>y    
measures t are n[ requir$ by  law 9 _m  
places4 ,cities 9 gr[+ numb]s h add$ rat

 pro(+  clauses to _! build+ ord9ances )
 su* good effect t o!rs  are sure to    
foll[ _! lead4 ,build]s %\ld !re=e      
comp>e !  co/ ( rat pro(+ dur+          
con/ruction ) ! probable lat] co/1  9   
case local laws %\ld require t all      
build+s be made rat pro(4          ,,rat
 ,,pro(+ ,,f>m ,,build+s      ,! co/ (  
rat pro(+ ! entire premises ( _m        
,am]ican f>ms  w\ld am\nt to less ?an ! 
loss occasion$ by rats on ! same  f>ms  
dur+ a s+le ye>4 ,9 no o!r place is rat 
pro(+ m  badly ne$$ or less (t5         
accompli%$ ?an on ! f>m4 ,!re are1      
h[ev]1 num]\s examples ( rat-pro( f>ms 9
 ne>ly e c\nty 9  ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 &    
almo/ inv>iably !y are ! m prosp]\s     
f>ms1 = ! rat pro(+ ( a f>m is an       
indication t ! f>m]  has le>n$ !        
necessity ( /opp+ all small leaks1 :i*  
mean  r$uc$ pr(its4    ,a rat-pro( f>m  
is n necess>ily "o 9 :i* ! entire       
f>m/ead  is absolutely pro($1 b r "o :]e
 conditions are s  unfavorable = any    
invad+ rats t !y ei!r w des]t !         

premises ( _! own accord or may be      
easily r\t$ by man or dogs4  ,! s\rce ( 
! tr\ble on almo/ any heavily rat-infe/$
 f>m c  be trac$ directly to conditions 
t furni% rats safe refuges ne>  abundant
 food4 ,! common] ( ^! rat-bre$+ places 
are b5ea?  wood5 floors set a few in*es 
(f ! gr\nd 9 p\ltry h\ses1 b>ns1        
/ables1 gran>ies1 corncribs1 & ev5      
resid5ces2 9 piles ( fuel  wood1 lumb]1 
& refuse2 9 /raw1 hay1 & manure piles t 
rema9  undi/urb$ = long p]iods b5ea?    
concrete floors )\t curta9  walls2 &    
inside d\ble walls ( build+s4 ,9 rat    
pro(+ !  f>m/ead z a :ole1 att5tion %\ld
 fir/ be paid to ! premises  outside !  
build+s & lat] to ea* build+ sep>ately4 
,illu/ration3 ,b#cabaf    ,figure       
#a4--;,an automatic g>bage c1 always    
clos$    ,neatness is ( prime importance
 9 keep+ a place free f1 rats1  &       
provid+ facilities = keep+ x neat %\ld  
be consid]$ "p  ( ! rat-pro(+ program4  
,an inc9]ator1 :i* c be made f a        
disc>d$ metal drum or roll$-up p\ltry   

nett+1 is conv5i5t =  burn+ all tra% &  
combu/ible wa/e2 & a deep1 cov]$ pit )  
a trapdoor w take c>e ( t9 cans & o!r   
noncombu/ibles1 if x  is n practicable  
to haul !m away at regul> int]vals4 ,a  
cov]$  g>bage c is also indisp5sable on 
f>ms :]e table scraps are n  f$ directly
 to p\ltry or hogs4 7,fig4 #a47 ,rais$  
plat=ms1 #ah or m  in*es high1 %\ld be  
provid$ ^u :i* to pile lumb] or o!r     
mat]ials t if plac$ on ! gr\nd w\ld af=d
 %elt] = rats4  7,fig4 #b47    ,l>ge    
piles ( cut /ove wood on _m nor!rn f>ms 
become rat  infe/$4 ,! same is true (   
manure piles adjo9+ b>ns &1 to a  less] 
ext5t1 ( hay & /raw /acks ne> f>m       
build+s4 ,^! d  n provide food & are    
attractive to rats = h>bors only if ne> 
a s\rce ( food supply2 mov+ !m to a     
place at "s di/ance f  :]e food/uffs are
 h&l$ w usually solve ! problem4        
,/one walls at times furni% excell5t    
h>borage = rats b1 l !  woodpile1 only  
if !re is ample food ne> by4 ,/one walls
 support+  embankm5ts & driveways on    

slop+ f>m/eads are mo/ frequ5tly        
infe/$1 & :5 ?is occurs ! invit+ op5+s c
 usually be  readily clos$ ) small /ones
 & cem5t4    ,dit* banks (t5 are a s\rce
 ( rat infe/ation1 b 9 mo/ climates     
dur+ ! w>m] mon?s only4 ,! rod5ts       
conc5trate 9 su* places  because !y are 
less likely to be di/urb$ !re4 ,rat     
pro(+ !  dit* bank consi/s m]ely ( burn+
 or o!rwise de/roy+ !  protective       
vegetation4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 af=ds only   
tempor>y relief  & %\ld n be consid]$   
/rictly rat pro(+4    ,! use ( concrete 
9 ! con/ruction ( mo/ f>m build+s is    
usually ! be/ means ( p]man5tly exclud+ 
! rat4 ,=tunately1  _m ( ! fundam5tals (
 rat pro(+ are also pr9ciples ( good    
con/ruction4 ,z am example1 9 ord] to   
support a build+ prop]ly1  ! f\ndation  
%\ld ext5d well into ! gr\nd bel[ ! fro/
 l9e2  rat pro(+ likewise requires t !  
f\ndation wall ext5d at  lea/ #b feet   
bel[ ! surface4 ,rats seldom burr[ deep]
 ?an #b feet  unless natural passageways
 assi/4 ,f\ndation walls %\ld project a 

foot or m above ! gr\nd 9 ord] to       
protect ! wood5 p>ts (  ! build+1 & ?is 
also less5s ! opportunity = rats to gnaw
  ?r\gh ! wall4 ,a rat is n likely to   
cl+ to ! expos$ ext]ior  ( a build+ a   
foot above ! gr\nd :ile x gnaws a hole  
?r\gh  wood5 %ea?+ or sid+4 ,x w\ld d s 
v quickly1 h[ev]1 if  su* sid+ ext5d$ to
 ! gr\nd1 :]e its "w c\ld be "u cov]  ( 
vegetation or beh9d "s object1          
p>ticul>ly :5 ! sid+  becomes some:at   
rott$1 z w\ld soon happ5 7 x close to ! 
gr\nd4    ,illu/ration3 ,b#caci,m       
,figure #b4--,lumb] & o!r /or$ mat]ials 
pil$ well (f ! gr\nd  to prev5t rat     
h>borage    ,x is important t concrete  
be h>d1 z weak concrete is b a  slight  
ob/acle to ! %>p rod5t incisors4 ,!     
mixture approv$  = ord9>y build+        
con/ruction1 h[ev]1 is suffici5tly h>d  
to  be entirely rat pro(1 & x is        
ess5tial t approv$ practices (  mix+ &  
plac+ concrete be foll[$4 ,directions = 
us+ concrete  & = build+ concrete floors
 are giv5 9 ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #abgi1     

,pla9 ,concrete = ,f>m ,use1 & 9 ,f>m]s'
 ,bullet9 #adhj1 ,small  ,concrete      
,con/ruction on ! ,f>m4 ,o!r approv$    
build+ practices1  su* z fire /opp+     
d\ble walls1 elim9at+ wa/e dead spaces1 
mak+ doors1 w9d[s1 & v5tilators fit     
tightly1 & scre5+ or  p]man5tly /opp+   
all op5+s1 are also necess>y 9 rat      
pro(+4  ,= simple f>m build+s !         
f\ndation illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #c meets  
all ! requirem5ts ( good con/ruction & w
 keep ! rats out if  ! walls are tight4 
,,b>ns    ,x is seldom possible to %ut  
out rats completely f b>ns or  entirely 
to cut (f _! food supply :]e live/ock is
 f$4 ,little  tr\ble w be exp]i5c$ ) !m1
 h[ev]1 if _! h>bors are  elim9at$4 ,9  
b>ns rat h>bors are mo/ frequ5tly f\nd  
ar\nd  /alls1 "u wood5 mang]s1 & /all   
p>titions1 & b5ea? wood5  or dirt       
floors4 ,9 mod]n b>ns ) concrete floors1
 concrete or metal  mang]s1 & metal     
/an*ions1 su* places ( retreat are      
entirely  elim9at$4 ,9 old] b>ns x is   
desirable at lea/ to replace wood5  &   

dirt floors ) concrete & recon/ruct !   
mang]s s t !y  are a foot or m (f !     
gr\nd4    ,illu/ration3 ,figure         
#c4--;,f\ndation & floor suitable = mo/ 
types  ( f>m build+s    ,ano!r common   
s\rce ( rat tr\ble1 p>ticul>ly 9 !      
nor!rn half  ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 is !    
holl[ wall1 )9 :i* rats f9d safe        
retreat & conv5i5t runways lead+ to !   
haym[4 ,9 rec5t ye>s  fibr\s insulat+   
mat]ials h be5 us$ to l9e ! int]iors (  
_m f>m build+s1 & 9 mo/ cases ^! h      
result$ 9 greatly  increas$ rat         
infe/ation4 ,rats cut ?r\gh ^!          
composition bo>ds  v easily & seem to be
 attract$ by ! facilities = bre$+  ?us  
provid$4 ,holl[ walls ( any k9d         
accessible to rats %\ld  ei!r be        
elim9at$ or adequately rat pro($4 ,su*  
rat pro(+ may  be accompli%$ by fill+ ! 
holl[ spaces to a height ( #h or #aj    
in*es above ! sill ) cem5t1 bricks1 or  
o!r mat]ial resi/ant  to ! gnaw+ ( rats1
 or a /rip ( galvaniz$ metal #b or m    
feet  wide may be c>ri$ ar\nd ! inside  

wall j above ! sill4    ,old b>ns )     
wood5 floors support$ a few in*es above 
! gr\nd on  gird]s & po/s are p>ticul>ly
 objectionable f ! /&po9t  ( rat        
infe/ation & %\ld be rat pro($ )        
concrete4 7,fig4 #d47  ,a concrete      
f\ndation wall ext5d+ at lea/ #b feet   
bel[ grade is  plac$ "u ! gird] betwe5 !
 po/s4 ,! wood5 po/s may be  remov$ aft]
 ! wall has h>d5$1 & ! spaces left %\ld 
!n be  fill$ 9 ) concrete4 ,a concrete  
floor is laid1 & cem5t /ucco on  metal  
la? is ext5d$ up ! walls = at lea/ #b   
feet1 pref]ably to  ! level ( w9d[      
sills4    ,rock f\ndations 9 _m old b>ns
 (f] excell5t h>borage = rats  unless   
po9t$ c>efully ) cem5t mort>4 ,if       
possible1 ! floor  %\ld be rais$ to !   
level ( ! sill & ! walls pla/]$ to  !   
w9d[-sill level 7fig4 #e7 9 su* mann] z 
to prev5t access by  rats to spaces     
betwe5 ! /uds4    ,! gra9 b9 & o!r      
simil> fixtures mu/ always be consid]$ 9
  rat pro(+ a b>n4 ,x is mo/ important t
 !y be s situat$ or  con/ruct$ t !re    

%all be no hid+ places = rats beh9d or  
"u !m4 ,! gra9 b9 %\ld be completely l9$
 or cov]$ )  metal & %\ld h metal-clad  
lids4 ,any op5 spaces beh9d or "u  ! b9s
 %\ld be tightly clos$ ) metal4 7,fig4  
#f47    ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d4--;,a1 
,detail ( old b>n ) floor support$  a   
few in*es above gr\nd on gird]s & po/s2 
,b1 same b>n made rat  pro( ) concrete  
f\ndation & floors & cem5t-pla/]$ walls 
,illu/ration3 ,figure #e4--,me?od ( rat 
pro(+ old /able1 ,a4  ,concret+ & pla/]+
 z %[n 9 ,b makes = bett] sanit>y       
conditions beh9d /ock    ,o!r           
accessories ( v>i\s k9ds ( b>ns %\ld be 
exam9$  c>efully & remodel$ or mov$ if  
necess>y to exclude rats or  elim9ate   
h>bors4 ,! haym[ frequ5tly pres5ts a    
difficult problem  9 a heavily infe/$   
b>n1 b ! haym[ alone is seldom          
responsible  = ! rats1 = if all o!r rat 
h>bors 9 ! b>n are effectively  elim9at$
 or %ut (f1 ! rats w n long rema9 ) !   
hay z  _! only %elt]4 ,if ! l[] walls   
are ( r\gh surface or compos$  ( op5    

/uds cov]$ on ! outside1 rats c climb at
 ! corn]s4  ,!y may be prev5t$ f do+ s  
by ! application ( a /rip (  metal #h   
in*es wide plac$ j bel[ ! joi/s ( ! upp]
 floor4  ,recomm5d$ con/ruction ( walls 
& floors 9 new frame b>ns is  %[n 9     
,figure #g4    ,illu/ration3 ,figure    
#f4--;,a conv5i5t upp]-/ory rat-pro(    
gra9 b9    ,illu/ration3 ,figure        
#g4--,recomm5d$ con/ruction ( walls &   
floors  ( new frame b>ns4 ,cem5t pla/]  
on metal la? or ,insulat+ bo>d is       
appli$ to ! inside ( ! /uds at lea/ to !
 level ( ! w9d[  sills z a bett]        
protection aga9/ rats & z be+ m easily  
kept  clean ?an wood5 l9+               
,,corncribs    ,( all ! build+s on !    
av]age f>m ! corncrib is usually 9      
greate/ ne$ ( rat pro(+4 ,losses        
sometimes am\nt+ to a f\r?  or a ?ird ( 
! total quantity ( corn held ov] w9t] h 
be5  kn[n4 ,a survey 9 a s\!rn ,/ate %[$
 an av]age loss ( #e p]  c5t ( corn 9   
/orage2 9 "o case #ejj bu%els 7 de/roy$ 
9  "o crib dur+ "o w9t]4 ,! am\nt ( ?is 

loss w\ld h be5  suffici5t to pay = rat 
pro(+ ! crib sev]al times ov]4 ,9       
build+ or remodel+ a corncrib2 !re=e1 x 
is mo/ important t  x be made p]man5tly 
rat pro(4 ,probably ! mo/ satisfactory  
me?od  ( accompli%+ ?is ) ! common      
slat-sid$ corncrib is entirely  to cov] 
! walls & ceil+ on ! inside & ! wood5   
floors on  ! "u side ) wov5-wire me% or 
h>dw>e clo?1 two or ?ree  me%es to !    
in*4 ,a heavy grade ( wov5 wire %\ld be 
us$1 #ab or  #ae gage1 & galvaniz$ aft] 
weav+4 ,pa9t+ ) a t> or asphaltic  pa9t 
increases its durability4               
,illu/ration3 ,figure #h4--,sugge/$     
con/ruction = corncrib3 ,a1  ,section   
?r\gh wall2 ,b1 section ?r\gh door1 :i* 
is made (  cribb+ on v]tical batt5s2 !  
metal b& on ! wall ext5ds across  !     
door1 b is cut & b5t ,inw>d at ! edges (
 ! door2 ,c1 plan  ( door2 ,d1 enl>g$   
detail ( ,jamb at clos+ side ( door     
,ano!r me?od1 & "o t is less exp5sive & 
q effective z  long z kept 9 good       
repair1 is %[n 9 ,figure #h4 ,wire nett+

 %\ld  be c>ri$ ar\nd ! entire crib to a
 height ( #b feet or m f  ! top ( !     
f\ndation4 ,a /rip ( galvaniz$ iron #h  
in*es wide  %\ld be fa/5$ above ! wire  
nett+4 ,! jo9ts betwe5 !  f\ndation &   
nett+ & betwe5 ! nett+ & metal /rip mu/ 
be tight4 ,z rats are unable to ga9 a   
foot+ on ! smoo? metal &  c n climb ov] 
x1 x is unnecess>y to use wire nett+    
above !  /rip4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to jo9 
! l5g?s ( metal tightly & to  c>ry !    
wire nett+ & /rips ( metal across &     
ar\nd bo? sides  ( doors & door jambs4  
,x is also advisable to provide doors ) 
spr+s or weights to insure _! rema9+    
clos$4    ,illu/ration3 ,b#cacfe        
,figure #i4--;,an inexp5sive me?od ( rat
 pro(+ a corncrib4 ,x is  support$ by   
glaz$ tiles capp$ ) galvaniz$ wa%tubs1  
:i*1  ?\gh n attractive 9 appe>ance1 h  
successfully kept out rats    ,if       
possible ! corncrib %\ld h a concrete   
f\ndation & floor1  z illu/rat$4        
,o!rwise x %\ld be elevat$ on po/s or   
pi]s  s t x w h a cle>ance und]nea? (   

feet or m4 ,if  ! support+ po/s or pi]s 
are cov]$ ) %eet metal1 or are  protect$
 at ! top ) metal coll>s or disks ext5d+
 at lea/ #i  in*es out f ! po/s1 rats w 
be kept out ( ! crib4 ,old cribs  c (t5 
be rat pro($ 9 ?is mann] at little      
exp5se4 ,di% pans  & wa%tubs make       
conv5i5t rat gu>ds4 7,fig4 #i47 ,x is   
important  t ! area b5ea? ! corncrib be 
kept cle> & t no?+ t  ! rats c climb be 
lean$ aga9/ x4#a    #a ,plans = a       
#b1jjj-;bu%el corncrib 7design ,no4     
#eba7 are available  ^u reque/ address$ 
to ! ,bureau ( ,public ,roads1 ,u4 ,s4  
,dep>tm5t  ( ,agriculture1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4
 ,c4      ,,gran>ies    ,! rat pro(+ (  
gran>ies is ( great importance1 because 
( !  abundance ( food /or$ !re & !      
correspond+ opportunity  = s]i\s loss4  
,! gran>y ) concrete f\ndation & floors1
  tight-fitt+ doors1 & scre5$ v5tilators
 pres5ts no unusual  problem1 except    
possibly 9 connection ) ! elevator pit1 
:i*  %\ld be c>efully *eck$ aga9/       
possible means ( +ress = rats4  ,small  

wood5 & portable gran>ies %\ld be       
protect$ ) wire  nett+4 7,fig4 #aj47    
,concrete fe$+ floors1 tr\ghs 7fig4     
#aa71 wat] tanks1 hog wall[s1  & simil> 
/ructures %\ld be con/ruct$ ) a curta9  
wall1 or  apron1 ar\nd ! out] edge      
ext5d+ #b feet or m into ! gr\nd  7fig4 
#ab7 to keep ! rats f burr[+ und]nea? ! 
slab4 ,?is  also t5ds to prev5t ! heav+ 
caus$ by fro/ & ! unev5  settl+ ( !     
/ructure 9 s(t gr\nd4    ,illu/ration3  
,figure #aj4--,recomm5d$ me?od ( rat    
pro(+ a  portable gran>y      ,,p\ltry  
,,h\ses    ,x is n practicable to       
attempt to exclude rats f p\ltry h\ses1 
b su* build+s c easily be made pro(     
aga9/ s]i\s tr\ble  by ! elim9ation (   
all places :]e ! rod5ts c obta9 safe    
h>borage4 ,mo/ rat infe/ation ar\nd     
p\ltry plants is due to !  pres5ce (    
num]\s %elt]s & suitable bre$+ places4  
,?ree  ?+s are p>ticul>ly to be avoid$3 
,wood5 floors on or )9 a  few in*es ( ! 
gr\nd2 d\ble walls2 & ne/ boxes1 fe$    
hopp]s1  & o!r fixtures plac$ s z to    

provide %elt] = rats "u  or beh9d !m4 ,f
 a rat-pro(+ /&po9t ! floors z well  z !
 f\ndation %\ld be made ( concrete4     
7,fig4 #ac47 ,if ?is is  n consid]$     
practicable1 wood5 floors %\ld be       
elevat$ s z  to insure a cle> space ( #b
 or m feet betwe5 ! floor & !  gr\nd4   
,w>m? c be provid$1 if necess>y1 by two 
?icknesses (  floor+ ) t> pap] betwe54  
,holl[ walls almo/ inv>iably furni%     
h>borage = rats4 ,! inn] /ud cov]+      
!re=e1 %\ld be  torn out1 b if w>m? is a
 factor to be consid]$1 sid+ %\ld  be   
put ov] %ea?+ on ! outside ( ! /uds )   
build+ pap]  betwe54#b    #b ,!         
con/ruction ( p\ltry h\ses & fixtures is
 describ$ 9  ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #aeed1    
,p\ltry ,h\ses & ,fixtures4             
,illu/ration3 ,b#dcij,m    ,figure      
#aa4--,rat pro( pigp5s & fe$+ tr\ghs are
 easy to keep  clean & sanit>y1 & rats h
 little opportunity to /eal ! fe$       
,illu/ration3 ,figure #ab4--;,a concrete
 curta9 wall or apron "u a  fe$+ floor  
prev5ts ravel+ ( e>? & consequ5t break+ 

( !  slab1 z well z ! h>bor+ ( rats     
,portable lay+ & brood] h\ses frequ5tly 
become heavily infe/$  because !y are   
usually built ) wood5 floors remov$ f ! 
gr\nd only by ! height ( ! runn]s on :i*
 !y are con/ruct$  & are seldom mov$ z  
frequ5tly z orig9ally int5d$4 ,fe$1     
sift+ ?r\gh ! floors1 attracts rats1 :i*
 aft] f9d+  desirable %elt] soon e/abli%
 !mselves 9 burr[s b5ea? !  h\ses &     
multiply rapidly4 ,portable h\ses1      
!re=e1 %\ld be  rais$ (f ! gr\nd #b or m
 feet4    ,ne/s %\ld be rais$ #b or m   
feet above ! floor1 & fe$ &  grit hopp]s
 at lea/ #a foot4 ,dr9k+ vessels = wat] 
& skim milk  %\ld support$ on a plat=m  
#a to #a feet above ! floor1 s z  to    
elim9ate ! possibility ( rat %elt]s &   
keep ! liquids 9  a m sanit>y condition4
 ,o!r equipm5t %\ld be giv5 ! same      
consid]ation4    ,! premises ar\nd !    
p\ltry h\se %\ld be cle>$ ( all rat     
h>bors by elevat+ all objects "u :i* a  
rat c f9d %elt]4  7,fig4 #ad47 ,ne>-by  
build+s p>ticul>ly %\ld be consid]$1 = x

  is frequ5tly f\nd t rats liv+         
exclusively on p\ltry fe$ occupy  h>bors
 #ej or m feet away f ! food s\rce4 ,=  
?is1 reason  x is desirable to build    
p\ltry plants at lea/ #ajj feet f any   
possible rat h>borage4 ,! va/ numb] ( "y
 *icks kill$ annually  by rats w\ld be  
greatly r$uc$ if ^! simple precautions 7
 tak54    ,illu/ration3 #acgdj;,c       
,figure #ac4--,rat pro(+ a p\ltry h\se  
by lay+ a concrete floor        ,,o!r   
,,f>m ,,/ructures    ,!re are _m f>m    
build+s ( v>i\s k9ds t %\ld be made     
pro( aga9/ rats4 ,9 mo/ cases1 h[ev]1 ! 
application ( !  g5]al pr9ciples ( rat  
pro(+1 z previ\sly expla9$1 w  suffice4 
,n only %\ld all build+s 9 :i* food is  
kept be made  inaccessible to rats1 b   
adjo9+ & ne>-by build+s & premises  z   
well4 ,! proc$ure to be foll[$ 9 ! case 
( f>m dwell+s is  omitt$ "h1 z suffici5t
 is includ$ "u ! next head+1 ,rat       
,pro(+ ,city ,build+s1 ! conditions )   
respect to dwell+s on  f>ms & 9 t[ns be+
 q simil>4    ,outside cell>s frequ5tly 

become infe/$ ) rats1 & great havoc  to 
/or$ produce almo/ inv>iably results4   
,consid]able exp5se1  if necess>y1 is   
ju/ifi$ 9 mak+ ! /orage cell> rat pro(4 
,a  cell>way ) wood5 /eps & sills & e>? 
floor is usually !  s\rce ( ! tr\ble4 ,!
 sill soon rots or ! rats burr[ "u  x to
 ga9 entrance4 ,! rem$y is to con/ruct a
 concrete floor  & cell>way4 ,?is n only
 w exclude rats b w prove m  economical 
9 ! long run4 7,fig4 #ae47              
,illu/ration3 #gfea-;,c    ,figure      
#ad4--;,coop built up (f ! gr\nd1 r ?an 
) ! floor  re/+ on ! gr\nd & !reby af=d+
 rats a desirable hid+  place4          
,illu/ration3 ,figure #ae4--;,a1        
,cell>way be=e rat pro(+2 ,b1  cell>way 
rat pro($          ,,rat ,,pro(+ ,,city 
,,build+s      ,9 rat pro(+ a city      
build+ x is well fir/ to look to !      
ext]ior4 ,if ! locality is heavily      
infe/$ ) rats1 "s  are almo/ c]ta9 soon]
 or lat] to f9d _! way into !  build+   
h[ev] well protect$ aga9/ !m x may be4  
,g>bage  & tra% usually comprise ! bulk 

( ! rats' food supply4 ,a  metal1       
wat]-tight g>bage c1 l>ge en\gh to      
conta9 all g>bage  accumulations betwe5 
collections & hav+ a close-fitt+ lid    
7fig  #a71 is ( prime importance & %\ld 
be requir$ 9 all cases by city  law4    
,illu/ration3 ,b#bjjh,m    ,figure      
#af4--;,an accumulation ( tra% su* z ?is
 ,is almo/ c]ta9 to  attract rats & %\ld
 be prohibit$ by law    ,l>ge           
accumulations ( tra% usually1 conta9 mu*
 wa/e food 7fig4  #af7 & are c]ta9 to   
attract rats & furni% an ideal bre$+    
place = !m4 ,fur!rmore1 !y are a m5ace  
to heal? & %\ld  n be tol]at$ "u any    
circum/ances4 ,all o!r rat h>bors1  su* 
z wood5 floors & sidewalks v ne> !      
gr\nd1 %\ld be  remov$ or replac$ )     
concrete1 & piles ( lumb] & v>i\s       
mat]ials /or$ out ( doors %\ld be remov$
 or elevat$ #ah or m  in*es4 ,p>ticul>  
c>e %\ld be tak5 to see t %$s & o!r     
outbuild+s1 por*es1 /eps1 load+ plat=ms1
 & simil> /ructures  on ! premises are  
made rat pro(1 ei!r by ! use ( concrete1

 by  elevation1 or by keep+ !m op5 to ! 
light & easily accessible4    ,a ?or\gh 
inspection %\ld next be made ( ! build+ 
itself &  c>eful note tak5 ( alt]ations 
& repairs necess>y = a ?or\gh  job ( rat
 pro(+4 ,inspection %\ld beg9 9 !       
basem5t4 ,doors  & w9d[s %\ld fit       
snugly1 p>ticul>ly doors lead+ to       
outside  /airs or elevators1 & ^! %\ld  
also be provid$ ) automatic  clos+      
devices4 ,w9d[s & v5tilators %\ld be    
scre5$ or cov]$  ) grat+s1 ! op5+s n m  
?an half an in* squ>e4 ,defects  9      
basem5t floors %\ld be repair$ )        
concrete1 & floor dra9s  %\ld be fitt$ )
 tight cov]s1 7,fig4 #ag47              
,illu/ration3 ,b#ccda,m3,b#ccca,m       
,figure #ag4--;,a1 ,brok5 floor dra9s   
provide a ready means = invasion  by    
rats2 ,b1 rat tracks 9 fre%ly laid      
concrete ar\nd newly repair$  dra9 %[ t 
be=e repairs 7 made ! dra9 0 a rat      
highway    ,side walls %\ld be c>efully 
inspect$1 & all op5+s made =  plumb+    
7fig4 #ah71 electric-wire conduits1     

areas ar\nd w9d[s &  doors1 & unpo9t$   
jo9ts 9 masonry walls 7frequ5tly left :5
  ! ext]ior ( ! wall is hidd5 f public  
view by por*es or  plat=ms7 %\ld be     
c>efully clos$ ) cem5t mort>4 7,fig4    
#ai47    ,illu/ration3                  
,b#bhcia3;,b#dcia,m    ,figure          
#ah4--;,a1 ,op5+s ar\nd pipes are a     
common s\rce ( rat  infe/ation2 ,b1     
situations l ?is give rats access to    
o!rwise  rat-pro( build+s    ,basem5t   
ceil+s1 :5 accessible to rats1 cause mu*
 tr\ble1 &  frequ5tly ! be/ rem$y is to 
remove !m entirely4 ,9 frame            
con/ruction spaces betwe5 /uds 9 walls  
op5+ into basem5ts  also are a common   
cause ( rat infe/ation ( ! :ole build+4 
,!  p]man5t clos+ ( ^! spaces )         
noncombu/ible mat]ial n  only %uts out !
 rats b also r$uces ! fire haz>d by     
/opp+  ! drafts & ! ris+ ( heat$ gases  
%\ld a fire />t 9 !  basem5t4 ,?is      
process ( block+ spaces betwe5 /uds &   
furr+  is commonly kn[n z fire /opp+ &  
is ( su* importance t  ! build+         

regulations ( _m cities n[ require x4   
,figure #bj  illu/rates practical me?ods
 ( rat pro(+ /ud spaces 9 old  build+s4 
,illu/ration3 ,b#dchh,m    ,figure      
#ai4--;,defects 9 f\ndations1 su* z !   
op5+ to ! "r (  ! /ep1 are (t5 ! cause (
 rat infe/ation 9 old build+s    ,all   
op5+s betwe5 floors & 9 p>titions made =
 ! passage (  pipes & wires & any       
defects 9 ! wall %\ld be clos$ ) metal  
fla%+4 ,all dead spaces ?r\gh\t !       
build+1 su* z box$-9  plumb+1 spaces    
beh9d or b5ea? built-9 cab9ets1 c\nt]s1 
%elv+1 b9s1 %[ w9d[s1 & _m simil>       
places1 %\ld be  remov$1 op5$ up1 or    
effectively & p]man5tly pro($ aga9/     
rats4    ,9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 :]e ! ro(  
rat occurs1 simil> c>e mu/  be tak5 to  
make ! upp] floors & ro(s ( build+s rat 
pro(1 z  ?is rat is an exp]t climb] &   
frequ5tly ent]s build+s by way (  ! ro(4
 ,doors at ! top ( /airs & elevators    
%\ld fit snugly1  & all v5tilators1     
exhau/ fans1 unus$ *imney flues1 & o!r  
op5+s %\ld be scre5$4 ,brok5 skylights &

 op5+s "u eaves  & places :]e electric  
wires ent] ! build+ %\ld be repair$  or 
clos$4    ,illu/ration3 ,figure         
#bj4--,me?ods ( rat pro(+ /ud spaces 9  
old  build+s3 ,a1 ,con/ruction at out]  
wall4 ,op5 /ud spaces are fill$  ) weak 
concrete1 :i* is plac$ by remov+ !      
skirt+ above4 ,if  ! "w is done a little
 at a "t1 ! wood5 =ms c be remov$  :5 ! 
concrete has set1 & us$ aga94 ,b1 ,ano!r
 me?od employ+  %eet metal secur$ to    
sill1 joi/1 & floor+4 ,c1 ,po/ & gird] 9
  basem5t support+ p>tition ) op5 /ud   
spaces4 ,%eet metal nail$  to joi/s &   
floor & fitt$ ab\t ! /ud prev5ts access 
to upp]  floors    ,illu/ration3 ,figure
 #ba4--;,a1 ,typical con/ruction ( frame
 build+ on  wood5 gird]s & po/s ) ,joi/s
 m ?an #b feet above gr\nd2 ,b1  %eet   
metal plac$ z %[n s]ves to prev5t ! rats
 f climb+ to  a po9t :]e !y c gnaw ?r\gh
 ! wood    ,build+s t h nei!r basem5ts  
nor cont9u\s masonry  f\ndations pres5t 
m difficult rat-pro(+ problems4 ,! mo/  
effective proc$ure is to con/ruct a     

concrete f\ndation wall betwe5  ! exi/+ 
supports &1 aft] ! wall has h>d5$1      
remove !  supports1 if ( wood1 & replace
 !m ) concrete to make ! wall  cont9u\s4
 ,:]e ! co/ prohibits foll[+ ?is plan & 
:]e  ! support+ sill & joi/s are at lea/
 #b feet above ! gr\nd  level1          
satisfactory rat pro(+ may be atta9$ by 
/opp+ !  spaces betwe5 ! /uds ) weak    
concrete or o!r mat]ial resi/ant  to    
rats = a di/ance ( #h in*es above !     
floor level1 or )  galvaniz$-metal fla%+
 nail$ to ! joi/s1 plate1 & floor4      
7,fig4  #ba47 ,! space b5ea? ! build+   
mu/ be free f all rubbi% &  o!r mat]ial 
t w\ld af=d %elt] = rats4 ,a cont9u\s   
masonry  f\ndation1 ) scre5$ op5+s to   
provide v5tilation1 pres5ts a  m pleas+ 
appe>ance4    ,illu/ration3 ,figure     
#bb4--;,a1 ,concrete curta91 or area    
wall1 design$  = rat-pro(+ purposes2 x  
does n support ! build+4 ,b1 ,plan  (   
wall :]e supports are ( wood2 ! concrete
 is b\nd to ! po/s  ) wire me%4 ,c1     
,plan ( masonry support2 concrete w     

adh]e to !  masonry if ! surface is     
r\gh5$    ,if ! cle>ance betwe5 ! gr\nd 
level & ! bottom ( gird]s  & joi/s is   
less ?an #b feet1 x may provide a       
haz>d\s rat h>bor4  ,"o ( ?ree ?+s %\ld 
be done3 ,! build+ %\ld be elevat$ on   
pi]s #b feet above ! gr\nd2 a concrete  
f\ndation %\ld be built  z describ$     
above2 or a cont9u\s concrete curta9    
wall %\ld be  con/ruct$ "u ! entire out]
 wall ( ! build+4 7,fig4 #bb47    ,mo/  
new city build+s are n[ built           
practically rat pro(1 or c\ld  be made s
 ) only m9or *anges 9 ! plans & at small
 co/4 ,yet  if c]ta9 ess5tial details   
are n includ$ at ! />t1 endless rat     
tr\bles are likely to ensue4 ,x is !re=e
 highly desirable t  plans = e new      
build+ include specifications = rat     
pro(+4    ,all new build+s 9 :i*        
food/uffs are to be h&l$ %\ld h  gr\nd  
floors ( concrete or o!r rat-pro(       
mat]ial & concrete or  masonry walls    
ext5d+ at lea/ #b feet bel[ & #a foot   
above !  gr\nd surface4 ,all unnecess>y 

op5+s 9 ! f\ndation1 walls1  & floors   
%\ld be p]man5tly clos$1 & w9d[s &      
v5tilators  %\ld be scre5$4 ,/ud spaces 
9 frame con/ruction %\ld be /opp$  )    
noncombu/ible mat]ial resi/ant to rats4 
,new build+s 9 :i*  food/uffs are n to  
be h&l$ may1 if desir$1 be elevat$ on   
pi]s  or po/s to provide a cle>ance ( #b
 feet betwe5 ! gr\nd level &  ! bottom (
 ! support+ gird]s1 al?\gh ! concrete or
 masonry  wall is m satisfactory4       
,,m>kets    ,public1 f>m]s'1 & :olesale 
m>kets1 commission h\ses1 &  simil>     
places :]e va/ quantities ( food/uffs   
are assembl$ &  r$i/ribut$ are ne>ly    
always infe/$ ) l>ge numb]s ( rats4     
,su* /ructures are usually conc5trat$ 9 
di/ricts1 & ^! (t5  become rat-bre$+    
c5t]s1 f :i* ! rats con/antly ov]fl[ to 
adjo9+ sections ( ! city4 ,rat pro(+ a  
di/rict ( ?is k9d  w\ld seem to be almo/
 hopeless1 yet x has (t5 be5 demon/rat$ 
t ! task is n only feasible b entirely  
practicable4 4 ,"h1  m ?an any:]e else1 
! great ne$ is ! elim9ation ( rat       

%elt]s1 :i* 9 turn means ! free use (   
concrete or o!r  masonry4 ,scrupul\s    
cleanl9ess is ess5tial 9 m>kets1 b ev5  
:]e  ?is is practic$ x is n possible    
completely to elim9ate rat food1  s !   
ma9 reliance mu/ be plac$ on ! removal (
 all rat h>bors4  ,n only mu/ ! build+ 9
 :i* ! m>ket is h\s$ be rat  pro($1 b   
also all ! fixtures4 ,9 old public      
m>kets ! /alls  7 frequ5tly con/ruct$ z 
if design$ = ! protection ( rats4  ,d>k1
 out-(-!-way holes "u c\nt]s1 /&s1 &    
%elves af=d  conv5i5t places = !        
accumulation ( tra%1 :i* x w\ld be well 
to de/roy2 & 9 su* locations1 )         
abundance ( food at h&1  rats are 9 !   
be/ possible position to ?rive &        
multiply4 ,!  use ( smoo? concrete or   
tile c\nt]s 7fig4 #bc7 erect$ on        
concrete  floors deprive rats ( !       
ess5tial %elt]1 provid$ t ! space       
und]nea? ! c\nt] is kept clean & t /or$ 
mat]ial is mov$  frequ5tly4 ,! smoo?    
surface also prev5ts ! rats f climb+ &  
makes x possible to leave edible        

products on ! c\nt] ov]night  )\t fe> ( 
_! be+ damag$ or contam9at$ by ! rod5ts4
 ,if  wood5 floors are us$1 ! bo>ds %\ld
 be laid flat on ! concrete  or on      
sleep]s n m ?an half an in* high4       
,illu/ration3 ,b#cacg;,,bm    ,figure   
#bc4--,rat pro( m>ket /alls4 ,rats are  
unable to climb !  smoo? tiles to get at
 food/uffs left on ! c\nt]              
,,w>eh\ses    ,w>eh\ses require rat     
pro(+ because ( ! great quantities (    
food/uffs h&l$ !re & ev5 /or$ = long    
p]iods4 ,x is  ess5tial t ! build+      
itself be rat pro($ ) concrete or       
masonry f\ndation1 concrete floors1 &   
tight-fitt+ doors l9$ )  metal at !     
base4 ,doors ( w>eh\ses frequ5tly become
 jamm$ z a  result ( heavy truck+ & %\ld
 be c>efully wat*$ = defects  t w\ld    
admit rats4 ,concrete floors1 9 addition
 to be+ rat pro(  & fire pro(1 save     
labor because ( ! comp>ative ease ) :i* 
load$ trucks c be roll$ ov] !m4    ,:5  
w>eh\ses are f\nd to be s]i\sly infe/$ )
 rats1 !  tr\ble c usually be trac$ to  

su* faulty con/ruction z all[s !  rats  
access to spaces b5ea? floors or )9     
walls1 or ev5 provides  exits to ne>-by 
%elt] outside4    ,eats also ga9        
entrance to rat-pro($ w>eh\ses ?r\gh be+
 %ipp$  9 ) produce or :5 doors are left
 op51 & once inside !y may  p]si/ & d   
mu* damage f %elt] af=d$ by piles ( /or$
  goods4 ,su* damage1 h[ev]1 is usually 
small 9 comp>ison ) t  result+ f p]man5t
 rat h>bors b5ea? floors1 & ! rats  c be
 de/roy$ mu* m easily4 ,a report f "o   
fl\r w>eh\se  indicat$ t x co/ m ?an    
#c1jjj a ye> to repair bags gnaw$  by   
rats & mice4 ,su* a loss w\ld g f> t[>d 
rat pro(+ any  premises4 ,a common cause
 ( rat depr$ations 9 w>eh\ses is !      
con/ruction ( plat=ms a few in*es (f !  
floor ^u :i* to pile  fl\r & o!r        
produce4 ,su* plat=ms provide p]man5t   
%elt] =  rats & %\ld be elim9at$4 ,bo>ds
 may be laid flat on ! concrete  floor )
 no spaces betwe5 !m to af=d rat h>bors2
 or1 if ?is is  n suffici5t pro( aga9/  
dampness1 ! plat=ms %\ld be rais$  a    

foot or m (f ! floor to admit light4 ,9 
su* a place a rat  does n feel safe & w 
n /ay4 ,bags ( fl\r1 gra91 & o!r        
produce furni% h>borage t c n well be   
avoid$1 b su* goods  are usually mov$ s 
frequ5tly t rats d n h opportunity to   
,,rat ,,pro(+ ,,! ,,city      ,rat pro(+
 ! city is a responsibility ( ! city    
gov]nm5t4  ,! greate/ =ce t c be ex]t$  
to-day t[>d ! p]man5t  suppression ( !  
rat pe/ is ?r\gh ! passage ( practical  
build+ ord9ances t require ! rat pro(+ (
 build+s & !  adoption ( sanit>y        
regulations t w insure clean premises & 
adequate collection & dispos$ ( g>bage4 
,x has be5 demon/rat$  t su* requirem5ts
 n only are effective 9 r$uc+ ! numb]s  
( rats to ! m9imum1 b also t !y greatly 
improve heal?  conditions1 r$uce ! fire 
haz>d1 & f a purely economic  /&po9t are
 pr(itable4 ,9 "o city 9 :i* rat pro(+  
has be5  vigor\sly prosecut$ = a numb] (
 ye>s & 9 :i* m ?an #hj  p] c5t ( ! old 
build+s h be5 made pro( aga9/ rats1 !   
%>p decl9e 9 ! numb] ( fires result$ 9 a

 #e p] c5t r$uction  9 ! fire-insurance 
rates4 ,m ?an #a1jjj1jjj 0 sp5t 9 ! same
  city 9 rat pro(+ #aj miles ( docks1 b 
ev5 ?is l>ge exp5diture  0 f\nd to be a 
pr(itable inve/m5t4    ,probably no?+ s 
ne>ly reflects ! sanit>y conditions ( a 
city  z ! numb] ( rats t x h>bors1 = !  
rat population is  usually 9 inv]se     
ratio to ! degree ( sanitation ma9ta9$4 
,9  #aicj at lea/ #ac cities 9 ?is      
c\ntry _h rat-pro(+ laws1 & m  ?an #cj  
o!rs _h fire-/opp+ requirem5ts t are    
important 9 rat  pro(+4    ,an effective
 rat-pro(+ program mu/ be practicable & 
n too  dra/ic2 o!rwise x w fail f lack (
 popul> support4 ,attempts  to en=ce rat
 pro(+ ( exi/+ /ructures w\ld probably n
 be  feasible unless "u /ress ( an      
outbreak ( bubonic plague or o!r        
rat-borne disease epidemic4 ,!re seems  
to be no good reason1 h[ev]1  :y build+s
 con/ruct$ 9 ! future or remodel$ %\ld n
 be  made rat pro( "u ! requirem5ts (   
build+ ord9ances4 ,_h su*  ord9ances be5
 enact$ #ej ye>s ago & rigidly en=c$    

s9ce t  "t ! l>ge majority ( build+s    
to-day w\ld be rat pro(1 &  rats1 ) _!  
accompany+ fil? & de/ructiv5ess1 w\ld h 
be5 l>gely elim9at$4 ,!re w\ld also be  
few] ( ! unsightly  & insanit>y %acks n[
 exi/+ 9 mo/ cities1 & ! av]age         
/ructure w\ld be ( a m desirable type4  
,z mod]n con/ruction  con=ms s closely 9
 pr9ciple to ! requirem5ts ( rat pro(+1 
!re %\ld be little1 if any1 opposition  
among build]s to a  rat-pro(+ clause 9  
build+ ord9ances4    ,9 consid]+ !      
suppression ( rats1 at ! outset city    
au?orities  %\ld disc>d all me?ods o!r  
?an ^? t /rike at ! s\rce  ( ! tr\ble4  
,! actual de/ruction ( rats is necess>y 
z a  tempor>y means ( /opp+ _!          
depr$ations1 b mod]n con/ruction  &     
sanitation are ! weapons t mu/ be reli$ 
^u to ga9  p]man5t relief4 ,9 addition  
to a rat-pro(+ ord9ance1 e city  %\ld h 
a law requir+ t all g>bage :]ev]        
accumulat$ be  kept 9 rat-pro( conta9]s 
or g>bage cans until collect$ or until  
de/roy$ by inc9]ation or o!rwise dispos$

 ( 9 a mann] t  w\ld avoid ! possibility
 ( its provid+ food = rats4 ,conta9]s   
%\ld h cov]s n easily remov$ by dogs &  
o!r animals4  ,! city %\ld also enact   
regulations prohibit+ ! accumulation  ( 
tra%1 refuse1 or wa/e matt] ( any k9d on
 ei!r public or  private premises1 &    
%\ld provide adequate means = collect+ &
  dispos+ ( all wa/e4    ,consid]ation  
%\ld also be giv5 to ! sew] sy/em4      
,al?\gh mo/  mod]n sew]s d n (f]        
opportunity = ! unre/rict$ bre$+  (     
rats1 !re are _m /ill 9 use t furni%    
h>bors = l>ge  numb]s ( ^! pe/s 9       
sections ( "s cities4 ,( mo/ importance 
is ! corn] cat* bas91 /orm sew]1 or     
/reet-dra9age op5+1  :i* %\ld be        
effectively remodel$1 if necess>y1 to   
provide smoo?  int]ior v]tical walls ) a
 drop ( at lea/ #c feet2 rats are unable
  to jump #c feet v]tically or to climb 
smoo? surfaces4    ,ano!r place t %\ld  
receive att5tion is ! city dump+ gr\nd1 
:i* frequ5tly s]ves z an incubator =    
rats1 & ^! soon  ov]fl[ into ne>-by     

sections ( ! city4 ,a /udy %\ld be made 
(  me?ods ( dispos+ ( wa/e mat]ials & a 
sy/em put into effect  t w meet !       
requirem5ts ( ! city & insure !         
de/ruction1  removal1 or adequate cov]+ 
( all su* food = rats4 ,any o!r         
conditions t may be f\nd favorable = !  
bre$+ ( rats1  :e!r on public or on     
private prop]ty1 %\ld be decl>$ a public
  nuisance & ord]$ correct$4            
,,model ,,rat-,,pro(+ ,,ord9ances    ,! 
samples or models ( rat-pro(+ &         
g>bage-removal ord9ances  "h giv5 7     
prep>$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,public ,heal?
 ,s]vice  z a result ( its exp]i5ce 9   
combat+ bubonic plague 9 sev]al  coa/al 
cities4 ,!y h1 9 sub/ance1 be5 adopt$ & 
put into  practice by a numb] ( cities &
 h be5 f\nd practicable4  ,!y %\ld be   
applicable to any city aft] necess>y    
all[ance &  possible *anges h be5 made  
to con=m to local conditions &          
con/itutional consid]ations4      ,,an  
,,ord9ance ,,def9+ ,,rat ,,pro(+ ,,(    
,,all ,,build+s#c    #c ,u4 ,s4 ,pub4   

,heal? ,s]v4 ,bul4 #aba1 ,prelim9>y     
,report on ,propos$  ,antiplague        
,measures 9 ,massa*usetts4      ,section
 #a4 ,be x orda9$1 etc41 ,t x %all be   
unlawful = any    p]son1 firm1 or       
corporation h]eaft] to con/ruct any     
build+1    ou?\se1 or o!r sup]/ructure1 
/able1 lot1 op5 area1 or o!r    premise1
 sidewalk1 /reet1 or alley1 or to repair
 or remodel ! same    to an ext5t (     
-------- p] c5t ( co/ ( con/ruction )9 !
    city ( --------1 unless ! same %all 
be rat pro($ 9 ! mann]    h]e9aft]      
provid$ =4      ,sec4 #b4 ,be x fur!r   
orda9$1 etc41 ,t = ! purpose ( rat      
pro(+ all build+s1 ou?\ses1 & o!r       
sup]/ructures 9 !    city ( --------1   
except /ables1 %all be divid$ into two  
classes1    to wit1 class ,a & class ,b1
 & ! same %all be rat pro($ 9 !    mann]
 foll[+1 to wit3      ,class ,a4--,all  
build+s1 ou?\ses1 & o!r sup]/ructures ( 
class ,a %all h floors made ( rat-pro(  
mat]ial or ( concrete1    :i* concrete  
%all be n less ?an #c in*es ?ick1 &     

ov]laid    ) a top dress+ ( cem5t1      
mosaic1 til+1 or o!r imp]meable         
mat]ial laid 9 cem5t mort>1 & su* floor 
%all re/ )\t    any int]v5+ space betwe5
 ^u ! gr\nd or ^u fill+ (    clean e>?1 
s&1 c9d]s1 brok5 /one or brick1 gravel1 
or simil>    mat]ial1 :i* fill+ %all be 
free f animal or vegetable    sub/ances2
 said floor %all ext5d & be h]metically 
seal$ to    walls surr\nd+ said floor1  
:i* walls %all be made ( rat-pro(       
mat]ial or ( concrete1 /one1 or brick   
laid 9 cem5t or mort>1    & ea* wall    
%all be n less ?an #f in*es ?ick & %all 
ext5d    into & bel[ ! surface ( !      
surr\nd+ gr\nd at lea/ #b feet    & %all
 ext5d n less ?an #a foot above !       
surface ( said    floor2 provid$ t wood5
 removable grat+s may be laid on su*    
concrete floors 9 su* p>ts ( su*        
build+s1 sup]/ructures1    & ou?\ses z  
are us$ exclusively z sales dep>tm5ts1  
provid$    t wood5 floor+ may be laid   
ov] ! concrete :]ev] !    int]v5+ space 
betwe5 su* floor+ & ! concrete %all n   

exce$ "o-half in*2 provid$ fur!r t any  
sleep]s t are    sunk into ! concrete   
%all be creosot$4      ,class ,b4--,all 
accid5tal & unnecess>y spaces & holes1  
v5tilators1 & o!r op5+s o!r ?an doors & 
w9d[s 9 e    build+1 ou?\se or o!r      
sup]/ructure 9 ! city ( --------1       
%all be clos$ ) cem5t1 mort>1 or o!r    
mat]ial imp]vi\s to    rats or scre5$ ) 
wire hav+ n m ?an "o-half in* me%1    z 
! case may require1 & all wall spaces   
%all be clos$ )    cem5t1 mort>1 or o!r 
mat]ial imp]vi\s to rats1 :i* closure   
%all ext5d ! full ?ickness ( ! wall &   
%all ext5d upw>d    at lea/ twelve in*es
 above ! floor level1 & ! :ole 9 su*    
mann] z to prev5t ! +ress or egress (   
rats2 or ! +ress    or egress ( rats f  
su* d\ble wall or space may be prev5t$  
by    protect+ ! junction ( said wall ) 
! floor or o!r wall    ) metal fla%+ (  
galvaniz$ iron ( #bh or #cj gauge1      
provid$    t :]e su* d\ble wall is op5  
b5ea? or is 9 communication    )        
f\ndations ( ! h\se t said op5+ %all be 

effectively    clos$ or said junction ) 
f\ndations fla%$ ) metal z    provid$   
above3 ,provid$1 ,t 9 all build+s1      
ou?\ses1 &    o!r sup]/ructures ( class 
,a & 9 all /ables :]e !re are    any    
spaces 9 walls betwe5 ! wall prop] & !  
cov]+ on    same1 or 9 ceil+s betwe5 !  
ceil+ & floor1 or o!r ceil+    cov]+    
above1 said spaces %all be elim9at$ by !
 removal (    said cov]+1 or s clos$ )  
cem5t1 mort> or o!r mat]ial    imp]vi\s 
to rats z to prev5t ! +ress or egress ( 
rats3    ,provid$1 ,t all su* wall      
spaces %all be clos$ ) cem5t1    mort>1 
or o!r mat]ial imp]vi\s to rats1 :i*    
closure %all    ext5d ! full ?ickness ( 
! wall & %all ext5d upw>d at    lea/    
twelve in*es above ! floor level4       
,! cell> ( e build+ h]eaft] erect$ )9 ! 
build+    limits %all be made rat pro(  
by ! use ( masonry or metal4 ,all       
op5+s 9 f\ndations1 cell>s & basem5ts ,9
 su* build+s1    except = doors &       
hat*ways1 & except also = su* w9d[s     
:olly above gr\nd z may be exempt$ by ! 

-------- 9 8    discretion1 %all be     
completely cov]$ ) scre5s ( metal hav+  
me%es ( n m ?an "o-half ( an in* 9 lea/ 
dim5sion &    con/ruct$ ( rods or wire (
 n less ?an twelve gauge4      ,all     
build+s1 ou?\ses1 & o!r sup]/ructures ( 
class ,b    sep>at$ f any o!r build+ on 
?ree sides by at lea/ t5    feet & lack+
 any basem5t or cell> may be rat pro($ 9
    ! foll[+ mann]1 to wit3 ,said       
build+1 ou?\se1 or o!r    sup]/ructure  
%all be set ^u pill>s or und]p9n+ (     
concrete1 /one1 or brick laid 9 cem5t   
mort>1 or may be set ^u    und]p9n+ (   
sub/antial timb]1 su* pill>s or und]p9n+
 to    be n less ?an eighte5 in*es high1
 ! height to be measur$    f ! gr\nd    
level to ! top ( said pill>s or         
und]p9n+2    & ! int]v5+ space betwe5   
said build+ & ! gr\nd level    to be op5
 on ?ree sides & to be free f all rubbi%
 & o!r    rat h>bor+ mat]ial1 or may be 
made rat pro( by con/ruct+ at    ! m>g9 
( ! gr\nd area ( said build+ a wall (   
concrete or    brick or /one laid 9     

cem5t2 su* wall to ext5d into & bel[    
! surface ( ! gr\nd at lea/ two feet &  
to meet ! floor (    ! build+ above     
closely & )\t any int]v5+ space1 to be  
at lea/ f\r in*es ?ick & ext5d entirely 
ar\nd said build+    ,provid$1 ,t said  
walls may be built ) op5+s !re9 =       
v5tilation only3 ,& provid$ fur!r1 ,t   
su* op5+s =    v5tilation may be all (  
su* size z ! own] may elect & %all    be
 securely scre5$ ) metallic grat+s hav+ 
op5+s betwe5    ! b>s ( said grat+s ( n 
m ?an "o-half in* or )    wire me% ( n  
less ?an twelve gauge1 hav+ op5+s betwe5
 !    wires ( said me% ( n m ?an "o-half
 in* & ! :ole s    con/ruct$ & clos$ z  
to prev5t ! entrance ( rats b5ea?    su*
 build+4      ,sec4 #c4 ,be x fur!r     
orda9$1 etc41 ,t e re/aurant    kit*51  
hotel kit*51 cab>et kit*51 dairy1 dairy 
depot1 dock1    :>f1 pi]1 elevator1     
/ore1 manufactory1 & e o!r build+1      
ou?\se1 or sup]/ructure :]e9 or :]eon   
food/uffs are /or$1    kept1 h&l$1 sold1
 held1 or (f]$ = sale1 manufactur$1     

prep>$ = m>ket or = sale1 except /ables1
 %all be rat pro($    9 ! mann] provid$ 
= h]e9above z class ,a3 ,provid$1 ,t    
su* "p ( any /ructure h]e9above def9$ z 
( class ,a t    %all be entirely ov] a  
body ( wat] may be rat pro($ z ( class  
,b1 z h]e9aft] provid$ =4               
,food/uffs1 z us$ 9 ?is ord9ance1 is    
h]eby def9$ to be    fl\r & fl\r        
products1 animals & animal products1    
produce1    groc]ies1 c]eals1 gra91 & ! 
products ( c]eals & gra91    p\ltry &   
its products1 game1 birds1 fi%1         
vegetables1 fruit1 milk1    cream1 &    
products f milk or cream1 ice cream1    
hides1 & tall[1    or any comb9ation (  
any "o or m ( ! =ego+4      ,all o!r    
build+s1 ou?\ses1 & sup]/ructures1      
except /ables1    n h]e9be=e specifi$ z 
class ,a1 & all build+s us$             
exclusively = resid5tial purposes1 %all 
be rat pro($ 9 !    mann] provid$ =     
h]e9above z class ,b3 ,provid$1 ,t !    
own] ( any build+1 resid5ce1 ou?\se1 or 
o!r sup]/ructure    9 class ,b may1 if  

he s elects1 rat pro( same 9 ! mann]    
provid$ = 9 class ,a4      ,provid$1 ,t 
9 any case :]e1 "u ! =ego+ provisions1  
any build+1 ou?\se1 or sup]/ructure is  
requir$ to be    rat pro($ z ( class ,a 
& ! said build+ or ou?\se or            
sup]/ructure is us$ 9 "p = resid5tial   
purposes1 & ! "p    us$ z a resid5ce is 
effectively sep>at$ f ! "p fall+    )9  
class ,a1 by p]man5tly & effectively    
clos+ all op5+s    above & bel[ ! gr\nd 
floor1 or by con/ruct+ a new wall1    & 
9 ei!r case ! :ole 9 su* mann] z to make
 su* wall    :ole & cont9u\s 9 its      
entirety1 )\t doorways1 w9d[s1 or    o!r
 op5+s betwe5 ! "p us$ z a resid5ce & t 
us$    = su* purposes z makes x fall )9 
class ,a1 !n 9 su* case    & = rat-pro(+
 purposes only1 ! said build+ w1 aft]   
su* sep>ation & closure ( ! op5+s1 or by
 ! con/ruction    ( su* new wall1 be    
deem$ to be two build+s2 & t "p us$     
exclusively = resid5tial purposes may be
 rat pro($ 9 ! mann]    provid$ = z a   
class ,b build+1 & ! rema9+ "p ( said   

build+ %all be rat pro($ 9 ! mann]      
provid$ = a class ,a    build+4         
,/ables4--,/ables & all build+s h]eaft] 
to be con/ruct$ &    us$ = /abl+ horses1
 mules1 c[s1 & o!r animals %all be      
con/ruct$ z foll[s3      ,walls3 ,!     
walls ( su* build+s %all be con/ruct$ ( 
concrete1    brick1 or /one1 laid 9     
cem5t mort>1 & %all be n less ?an    f\r
 in*es ?ick1 & %all ext5d into & bel[ ! 
surface (    ! surr\nd+ gr\nd n less ?an
 two feet1 & %all ext5d    above ! gr\nd
 suffici5t height z to be n less ?an "o 
foot    above ! floor level4 ,all op5+s 
9 su* f\ndation walls %all be    cov]$ )
 metal grat+ hav+ op5+s n great] ?an    
"o-half    in* betwe5 ! grat+s4         
,floors3 ,! floors ( /ables & /alls %all
 be ( concrete n    less ?an ?ree in*es 
?ick1 ^u :i* %all be laid a dress+    n 
less ?an "o-half in* ?ick ( cem5t or    
/one1 laid 9 cem5t    mort>1 or %all be 
con/ruct$ ( float$ concrete n less ?an  
f\r in*es ?ick1 9 su* way z to prev5t   
+ress or egress (    rats1 & su* floors 

to h a slope ( "o-eigh? in* p] foot to  
! gutt] dra9 h]e9aft] provid$ =4        
,/alls3 ,! floors ( /alls may be (      
plank+1 fitt+ ei!r    tightly to !      
concrete floor or elevat$ n m ?an       
"o-half in*    f ! /all floor1 & s      
con/ruct$ z to be easily removable4     
,su* removable plank+ %all be rais$ at  
lea/ once a week1 & !    said plank+ & !
 concrete floor b5ea? ?or\ghly cleans$4 
,gutt]s3 ,semicircul> or ,v-%ap$ gutt]s 
%all be con/ruct$ 9    su* mann] t a    
gutt] %all be plac$ s z to receive all  
liquid    matt] f ea* /all1 & ea* ( ^!  
gutt]s to connect ) !    public sew] or 
) a ma9 gutt] ( ! same con/ruction1 :i* 
9 turn %all be connect$ ) ! public sew] 
or public dra94    ,all op5+s f dra9s   
into sew]s %all be protect$ by a metal  
grat+ hav+ op5+s n m ?an "o-half in*    
betwe5 !    grat+s4      ,mang]s3 ,ea*  
mang] %all be con/ruct$ s z to h a slope
 (    two in*es t[>d ! bottom1 %all be  
cov]$ ) t9 or z9c1 &    %all be at lea/ 
eighte5 in*es deep1 to avoid spill+ (   

food4      ,fe$ b9s3 ,all fe$ b9s %all  
be con/ruct$ ( cem5t1 /one1    metal1 or
 wood1 & ) close-fitt+ doors4 ,if       
con/ruct$ (    wood1 ! b9s %all be l9$  
or cov]$ ) metal1 & ! :ole    s         
con/ruct$ z to prev5t ! +ress or egress 
( rats4 ,all    gra91 malt1 & o!r animal
 food1 except hay1 /or$ or kept 9 any   
/able1 mu/ be kept 9 su* fe$ b9s4 ,said 
fe$ b9s mu/ be kept    clos$ at all     
times1 except :5 mom5t>ily op5$1 to take
 food    !refrom or :5 same are be+     
fill$4 ,no fe$ %all be scatt]$    ab\t  
su* b9 or /able1 & all su* fe$ f\nd on !
 floor or    9 ! /alls ( said /ables    
%all be remov$ daily & plac$ 9    !     
manure pits4 ,no food/uffs int5d$ = or  
susceptible ( human    consumption %all 
be kept or /or$ 9 any /able or any o!r  
place    :]e animals are kept4          
,sec4 #d4 ,be x fur!r orda9$1 etc41 ,t !
 con/ruction    & mat]ials us$ 9 rat    
pro(+ %all con=m to ! build+            
ord9ances ( ! city ( --------1 except & 
only 9 s f> z !    same may be modifi$  

h]e94      ,sec4 #e4 ,be x fur!r orda9$1
 etc41 ,t all premises1 improv$    &    
unimprov$1 & all op5 lots1 areas1       
/reets1 sidewalks1 &    alleys 9 ! city 
( -------- %all be kept clean & free f  
all    rubbi% & simil> loose mat]ial t  
might s]ve z a h>borage    = rats2 & all
 lumb]1 boxes1 b>rels1 loose iron1 &    
simil>    mat]ial t may be p]mitt$ to   
rema9 !reon & t may be us$    z a       
h>borage by rats %all be plac$ on       
supports & elevat$ n    less ?an two    
feet f ! gr\nd1 ) a cle> int]v5+ space  
b5ea?1 to prev5t ! h>bor+ ( rats4       
,sec4 #f4 ,be x fur!r orda9$1 etc41 ,t  
all plank+ & plank    walks on & 9 y>ds1
 alleys1 alleyways1 /reets1 sidewalks1  
or    e!r op5 areas %all be remov$ &    
replac$ ) concrete1 brick1    or /one1  
laid 9 cem5t1 gravel1 or c9d]s1 or !    
gr\nd left b>e4      ,sec4 #g4 ,be x    
fur!r orda9$1 etc41 ,t x %all be ! duty 
( e own]1 ag5t1 & occupant ( ea* build+1
 ou?\se1 &    o!r sup]/ructure1 /able1  
lot1 op5 area1 & o!r premises1          

sidewalk1 /reet1 & alley 9 ! city (     
-------- to comply )    all ! provisions
 ( ?is ord9ance4      ,sec4 #h4 ,be x   
fur!r orda9$1 etc41 ,t x is h]eby made !
    duty ( --------1 & p>ticul>ly ?r\gh 
its heal? dep>tm5t1 to    en=ce !       
provisions ( ?is ord9ance4      ,sec4   
#i4 ,be x fur!r orda9$1 etc41 ,t any law
 or ord9ance 9    conflict ) !          
provisions ( ?is ord9ance be1 & ! same  
is    h]eby1 repeal$4           99      
99       99       99       99    ,,an   
,,ord9ance ,,regulat+ ,,! ,,removal ,,( 
,,g>bage      ,section #a4 ,be x orda9$ 
-------- ( ! city ( --------1 ,t    f & 
aft] ! promulgation ( ?is ord9ance1 !   
own]1 ag5t1    & occupant ( e premise1  
improv$ or unimprov$1 9 ! city    (     
--------1 :]eon or :]e9 g>bage %all be  
creat$1 %all    provide a metal1        
wat]-tight conta9] or conta9]s1 ea* ) a 
tight-fitt+ cov]1 su* conta9] or        
conta9]s to be ( su* size    z to be    
easily manh&l$1 & ( su* numb] z to      
receive !    g>bage accumulation ( five 

days f ea* su* premise1 & %all    place 
or cause to be plac$ su* conta9] or     
conta9]s1 = !    purpose ( hav+ _!      
cont5ts remov$1 on ! sidewalks or op5   
alleys 9 front or re> ( said premises1  
at ! times h]e9aft]    set =?4          
,sec4 #b4 ,be x fur!r orda9$1 etc41 ,t =
 ! purposes (    ?is ord9ance1 ! city ( 
-------- is h]eby divid$ into --------  
g>bage di/ricts4      ,sec4 #c4 ,be x   
fur!r orda9$1 etc41 ,t = ! purpose (    
?is ord9ance1 ! ^w g>bage z us$ 9 ?is   
ord9ance %all    be con/ru$ to mean h\se
 & kit*5 (fal1 & all refuse matt]    n  
excrem5titi\s liquid1 & compos$ ( animal
 or vegetable    sub/ances1 includ+ dead
 animals 7except c[s1 horses1 mules1 &  
goats7 com+ f public & private premises 
( ! city1 & n    de/9$ = consumption z  
food4      ,sec4 #d4 ,be x fur!r orda9$1
 etc41 ,t x %all be unlawful =    su*   
own]1 ag5t1 or occupant ( any su*       
premise to h1 ma9ta91    or keep any    
g>bage on any premise except 9 su*      
g>bage conta9]s    z are provid$ = 9    

section #a ( ?is ord9ance4      ,sec4   
#e4 ,be x fur!r orda9$1 etc41 ,t su*    
g>bage conta9]s    %all be kept tightly 
cov]$ at all times1 except :5 mom5t>ily 
op5 to receive ! g>bage or to h !       
cont5ts !refrom    remov$1 z provid$ =  
h]e9aft]4      ,sec4 #f4 ,be x fur!r    
orda9$1 etc41 ,t :5 su* g>bage          
conta9] is plac$ on ! outside ( any     
premise x %all be    unlawful = any     
p]son engag$ 9 ! removal ( g>bage1 or = 
any    p]son to remove ! cov] f su*     
g>bage conta9]1 except =    ! purpose ( 
empty+ its cont5ts ,into a duly au?oriz$
 g>bage    wagon or to ?r[ su* g>bage   
conta9] on ! /reet or sidewalk1    or to
 injure x 9 any way1 s z to make x leak 
or to b5d x or    its cov]1 z to prev5t 
said g>bage conta9] f be+ tightly       
cov]$2 & all p]sons engag$ 9 ! removal (
 g>bage %all1    aft] empty+ said       
conta9]1 replace ! cov] tightly on said 
conta9]4      ,sec4 #g4 ,be x fur!r     
orda9$1 etc41 ,t ! own]1 ag5t1 or       
occupant ( e premise 9 ! city ( --------

 %all keep sep>ate    f _! g>bage &     
a%es1 t9 cans1 brok5 crock]y1 h>dw>e1   
old planks1 wood5 matt]1 pap]1 sweep+s &
 o!r tra%1 &    place same 9 a s\nd1    
sub/antial vessel or conta9] kept = t   
purpose1 :i* vessel or conta9] %all be  
plac$ on ! sidewalk or    alley 9 front 
or re> ( ea* premise ( ! city (         
--------1 z    provid$ 9 section #a (   
?is ord9ance1 = g>bage conta9]s1 =      
removal on --------1 provid$ t su*      
rubbi%1 o!r ?an g>bage1    may be s     
plac$ -------- on --------4      ,sec4  
#h4 ,be x fur!r orda9$1 etc41 ,t !      
provisions ( ?is    ord9ance %all apply 
to all public & private m>kets1 z well z
    all places ( bus9ess1 hotels1       
re/aurants1 & all o!r premises1    :e!r 
us$ = bus9ess1 bo>d+1 or resid5tial     
purposes4      ,sec4 #i4 ,be x fur!r    
orda9$1 etc41 ,t = ! purpose (    en=c+ 
?is ord9ance any p]son liv+ on any      
premise %all be    deem$ an occupant1 & 
any p]son receiv+ ! r5t1 9 :ole or 9    
"p1 ( any premise1 %all be deem$ an     

ag5t2 t on any premise    :]e           
con/ruction ( any k9d is 9 progress1 &  
:]e employees or    workm5 eat _! d9n]s1
 or lun*es1 ,9 or ab\t said premises1 or
    scatt] lun* or food 9 or ab\t su*   
premises1 ! contractor or    =eman or   
o!r p]son 9 *>ge ( su* workm5 %all be   
deem$ an    occupant2 & t ! p]son 9 *>ge
 ( any m>ket1 or /all 9    any m>ket1   
%all be deem$ an occupant4      ,sec4   
#aj4 ,be x fur!r orda9$1 etc41 ,t x %all
 be unlawful    = any p]son to pick f or
 di/urb ! cont5ts ( any g>bage          
conta9]s or vessels1 or o!r conta9]s    
provid$ = 9 ?is    ord9ance4      ,sec4 
#aa4 ,be x fur!r orda9$1 etc41 ,t ea*   
day's violation (    any ( ! provisions 
( ?is ord9ance %all con/itute a sep>ate 
& di/9ct (f5se4      ,sec4 #ab4 ,be x   
fur!r orda9$1 etc41 ,t any p]son violat+
    any provision ( ?is ord9ance %all1  
on conviction1 be puni%$    by a f9e ( n
 less ?an t5 7#aj4jj7 doll>s nor m ?an  
tw5ty-five 7#be4jj7 doll>s1 or 9 default
 ( ! paym5t ( said    f9e by imprisonm5t

 -------- = n less ?an t5 7#aj7 days nor
    m ?an ?irty 7#cj7 days1 or bo?1 at !
 discretion ( --------    hav+          
jurisdiction ( ! same4      ,sec4 #ac4  
,be x fur!r orda9$1 etc41 ,t any law or 
ord9ance 9    conflict ) ! provisions ( 
?is ord9ance1 ,9 :ole or 9 "p1    be & !
 same is h]eby repeal$4                 
,,organization ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates  
,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,agriculture ,,:5 ,,?is 
,,publication ,,0 ,,la/ ,,pr9t$         
,secret>y ( ,agriculture                
,ar?ur ,m4 ,hyde4    ,assi/ant ,secret>y
                 ,r4 ,w4 ,dunlap4       
,director ( ,sci5tific ,"w         ,a4  
,f4 ,woods4    ,director ( ,regulatory  
,"w         ,walt] ,g4 ,campbell4       
,director ( ,ext5sion ,"w          ,c4  
,w4 ,w>burton4    ,director ( ,p]sonnel 
& ,bus9ess   ,w4 ,w4 ,/ockbebg]4        
,adm9i/ration    ,director ( ,in=mation 
,m4 ,s4 ,eis5h[]4    ,solicitor         
,e4 ,l4 ,m>%all4    ,wea!r ,bureau      
,*>les ,f4 ,m>v91 ,*ief4    ,bureau (   
,animal ,indu/ry           ,john ,r4    

,mohl]1 ,*ief4    ,bureau ( ,dairy      
,indu/ry            ,o4 ,b4 ,re$1 ,*ief4
    ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry           
,william ,a4 ,taylor1 ,*ief4    ,=e/    
,s]vice                      ,r4 ,y4    
,/u>t1 ,*ief4    ,bureau ( ,*emi/ry &   
,soils       ,h4 ,g4 ,knight1 ,*ief4    
,bureau ( ,entomology                ,c4
 ,l4 ,m>latt1 ,*ief4    ,bureau (       
,biological ,survey         ,paul ,g4   
,r$+ton1 ,*ief4    ,bureau ( ,public    
,roads              ,?omas ,h4          
,mac,donald1 ,*ief4    ,bureau (        
,agricultural ,economics    ,nils ,a4   
,ols51 ,*ief4    ,bureau ( ,home        
,economics            ,l\ise ,/anley1   
,*ief4    ,plant ,qu>ant9e & ,control   
,lee ,a4 ,/rong1 ,*ief4                 
,adm9i/ration    ,gra9 ,futures         
,adm9i/ration        ,j4 ,w4 ,t4 ,duvel1
 ,*ief4    ,food & ,drug ,adm9i/ration  
,walt] ,g4 ,campbell1 ,director (       
,regulatory ,"w1 9 ,*>ge4    ,(fice (   
,exp]im5t ,/ations       --------1      
,*ief4    ,(fice ( ,coop]ative          

,c4 ,b4 ,smi?1 ,*ief4       ,ext5sion   
,"w    ,libr>y                          
,cl>ibel ,r4 ,b>nett1 ,libr>ian4        
,u4 ,s4 ,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice3     
#aicj      ,= sale by ! ,sup]9t5d5t (   
,docum5ts1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4    ,price  
#e c5ts             99       99       99
       99       99      ,transcrib]     
,notes    ,illu/rations 7 reposition$ s 
z to n split p>agraphs4