,,design ,,( ,a ,,/eel ,,railroad ,,w>eh\se ,,by ,,l\is ,,li/on ,,tallyn ,,!sis ,,= ,,degree ,,( ,,ba*elor ,,( ,,sci5ce ,,9 ,,civil ,,eng9e]+ ,,college ,,( ,,eng9e]+ ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,ill9ois #aija ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,ill9ois ,may #bi1 #aija ,,?is ,,is ,,to ,,c]tify ,,t ,,! ,,!sis ,,prep>$ ,,"u ,,my ,,sup]vision ,,by ,l\is ,li/on ,tallyn ,,entitl$ ,design ( a ,/eel ,railroad ,w>eh\se ,,is ,,approv$ ,,by ,,me ,,z ,,fulfill+ ,,?is ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,requirem5ts ,,= ,,! ,,degree ,,( ,ba*elor ( ,sci5ce 9 ,civil ,eng9e]+4 ,illu/ration3 ,ira ,o ,bak]4 ,,head ,,( ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,civil ,eng9e]+4 ,,design ,,( ,a ,,/eel ,,railroad ,,w>eh\se ,,introduction ,9 *oos+ a !sis subject ,i h endeavor$ to select "o t w\ld be ( practical use to "o 9 ! "w t is to foll[ ! college tra9+4 ,i h decid$ to pres5t ! design ( a /eel railroad w>eh\se at ,new ,orleans = ! ,ill9ois ,c5tral ,railroad z ,i am greatly int]e/$ 9 railroad "w & int5d to make t my speciality & because ! design ( w>eh\ses has s f> receiv$ only little consid]ation1 b *iefly because a c>eful /udy ( su* a subject w give a k ( /eel /ructural "w4 ,,pr9ciples ,,applicable ,,9 ,,! ,,design ,,( ,,railroad ,,w>eh\ses ,ne>ly all railroad w>eh\ses are ( wood1 b if a w>eh\se 7 to be built today x is c]ta9 t1 except = small build+s & 9 localities :]e timb] is exceptionally *eap1 a wood5 w>eh\se w\ld n be consid]$4 ,at pres5t /eel seems to be ! mat]ial :i* mo/ ne>ly approa*es ! ideal = su* /ructures4 ,?is use ( /eel is due to ! increase 9 ! co/ ( timb] & to ! decrease 9 ! price ( /ructural /eel1 :i* n[ makes x possible to build a mu* /rong]1 a bett] look+1 & m economical /ructure ?an w\ld h be5 possible t5 ye>s ago4 ,) a /eel /ructure a settlem5t ( a c\ple ( in*es w\ld n 9 ! lea/ impair its effici5cy1 z ! memb]s w\ld adju/ !mselves by flexure to meet ! new condition4 ,?is prop]ty ( a /eel /ructure is ( great advantage :]e ! f\ndations mu/ be locat$ 9 soil saturat$ m or less ) wat]1 z w\ld be ! case ne> ! sea or a l>ge riv]4 ,:]e brick or /onework is built on su* f\ndations1 ! masonry w\ld be q likely to crack4 ,l>ge freight h\ses h 9 ! pa/ fifte5 ye>s g5]ally be5 built ) a wood5 frame cov]$ ) %ea?+ or corrugat$ iron1 & ) wood5 or comb9ation ro( trusses cov]$ ) gravel1 t91 iron or "s =m ( pat5t ro(+-felt :i* is suppos$ to be firepro(4 ,to *eap5 ! con/ruction1 a flat ro( is frequ5tly us$2 b ?is /yle ( ro( is v h>d to make absolutely wat]-tight4 ,aga91 :]e corrugat$ iron is us$ z a ro( cov]+ ! w9d has a t5d5cy to drive ! ra9 up "u ! iron4 ,x is claim$ t t9 or iron :5 us$ on a build+ ne> salt wat]1 det]iorate rapidly & t a gravel ro( w\ld be mu* bett]2 b if ! iron or t9 is kept well pa9t$1 !re is little dang] ( its be+ attack$ 9 t way4 ,:5 t9 or corrugat$ iron is us$ z a ro(1 ! trusses may be built mu* light] ?an :5 gravel is us$4 ,freight h\ses are (t5 built v long1 = example1 ! ,ill9ois ,c5tral banana %$s at ,cairo1 ,ill9ois4 ,"h1 z at all long w>eh\ses1 ! l5g? ( tra9 /&+ on ! track becomes excessive1 & 9 swit*+ ! "w ( ! 8banana h&s0 is (t5 int]rupt$1 :ile if a tra9 is made up by load+ successive c>s1 !y are sometimes deta9$ long] ?an is advisable4 ,fifte5 hundr$ feet is probably z long z a w>eh\se %\ld be4 ,freight h\ses %\ld probably n be m ?an two hundr$ feet wide1 s9ce o!rwise freight tak5 directly f ! c>s to ! vessels mu/ be truck$ too f>4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :]e package conveyors are us$1 ?is w\ld matt] little2 & ! wide w>eh\se w\ld h great] floor space = ! same co/ ( con/ruction4 ,if a l>ge am\nt ( freight is load$ direct f ! c>s to ! vessels1 x may be well to run a track betwe5 ! freight h\se & ! pi]2 b at mo/ docks1 unless space is v valuable1 su* freight w be h&l$ at a pi] indep5d5t ( ! w>eh\se4 ,:]e gr\nd space is valuable1 a second /ory is add$4 ,?is gives a good space = long-/orage freight1 :]e x w be out ( ! way4 ,:5 ! value ( b>rel & package elevators come to be prop]ly appreciat$1 two-/ory w>eh\ses w be built to a great] ext5t ?an n[4 ,doors are introduc$ 9 ! sides ( ! build+ at int]vals to all[ ! freight to be tak5 9 & out4 ,:]e ! doors are too close1 a great deal ( space is occupi$ by passageways1 & is !re=e r5d]$ useless = ! /orage ( goods4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :]e ! di/ance betwe5 ! doors is great1 ! numb] ( b]?s = vessels is dim9i%$4 ,9 s+le /ory w>eh\ses1 w9d[s 9 ! sides ( ! build+ are usually omitt$1 & light & v5tilation is obta9$ by skylights 9 ! ro(1 or sometimes only by transoms ov] ! doors4 ,9 d\ble /ory h\ses ! upp] floor is (t5 ext5d$ across ! track-pit s z to utilize ! entire gr\nd space = /orage1 9 :i* case x is necess>y to locate w9d[s 9 ! sides ( ! l[] /ory4 ,:]e ?is is done ! w9d[s mu/ be set s high z n to be block$ by freight pil$ along ! sides ( ! build+4 ,a bett] design is to omit ! floor ov] ! track-pit1 :i* r$uces ! /orage space1 b also secures an abundance ( light & v5tilation = ! l[] /ory z well z avoids a co/ly gird] con/ruction ov] ! track-pit4 ,,description ,,( ,,"s ,,w>eh\ses ,be=e consid]+ ! details ( ! propos$ design1 a %ort description ( "s railroad w>eh\ses w be giv54 ,^! are n all sea-bo>d w>eh\ses1 b !y are good examples ( curr5t practice4 ,! descriptions are tak5 f blue pr9ts s5t by ! railroads4 ,mi*igan ,c5tral ,freight ,h\se1 ,gr& ,rapids1 ,mi*igan4 ,?is is a s+le /ory /ructure1 #dhj ft4 long1 & #dh ft4 wide %ea!d on ! sides ) galvaniz$ iron1 & ro($ ) t94 ,! cle> height ( ! build+ is #aa ft4 #i 94 ,! b5ts are #ae ft4 by #af ft4 ,! #ab #ab 94 wood5 columns are support$ on /one f\ndations #d ft4 squ>e1 hav+ a dep? bel[ ! gr\nd ( #h ft4 ,at ! nor? end1 #cf ft4 ( ! /ructure is two-/ori$ ! second /ory be+ us$ = (fices1 toilet rooms etc4 ,"o peculi> ?+ ab\t ?is w>eh\se is t x has :at may be call$ a cont9u\s door sy/em by :i* an op5+ may be made at any po9t along ! side ( ! build+4 ,union ,pacific ,railroad ,/&>d4 ,! /&>d freight h\se = ?is road is a "o-/ory /ructure built ( brick laid 9 lime mort>4 ,! f\ndation is ( rubble laid 9 cem5t mort>4 ,above ! gr\nd ! masonry is range "w ) -94 jo9ts4 ,! masonry is built up to ! und]side ( ! ro( bo>ds betwe5 ! raft]s4 ,! door jams are =m$ ( ca/ iron columns1 on :i* are plac$ two n9e-in* ,i beams ) ca/ iron sep>ators1 on :i* ! wall is cont9u$ to ! ro(4 ,9 ! (fice portion ! walls are cov]$ ) -94 -94 furr+ /rips4 ,! build+ is cov]$ ) a comb9ation ro(+-felt4 ,*icago ,/4 ,paul ,m9neapolis ,omaha ,railroad4 ,! w>eh\se at ,all\ez ,bay ,docks is #aejj ft4 long by #hj ft4 wide4 ,! sides are cov]$ ) ,no4 #bd corrugat$ iron1 & ! ro( ) t94 ,! entire build+ is f\nd$ on #aj-;94 oak pil+1 ) ! exception ( ! fifte5 feet t[>ds ! bay1 :i* is built ^u #ab #ab-;in* cribwork4 ,j inside ! doors ( ! w>eh\se are six plat=m scales1 ?ree on ! we/ or receiv+ plat=m & ?ree on ! ea/ or deliv]y side4 ,! doors are :ite-p9e frames cov]$ ) ,no4 #bf corrugat$ iron4 ,! w>eh\se ( ! same road at ,dulu? is ( ! same g5]al type1 ! ma9 diff]5ce be+ t along ! sides ( ! pi] movable incl9es or gangways are provid$ :i* foll[ ! rise & fall ( ! wat] & :i* c be adju/$ to suit any boat :e!r float+ high or l[ 9 ! wat]4 ,! pr9cipal mat]ial us$ 9 ^! build+s is creosot$ yell[ p9e1 ! caps & /r+]s be+ #ab #ab-;in*1 & ! po/s #aj #aj-;in*4 ,! ro( trusses are ( :ite p9e4 ,at*ison ,topeka ,santa ,fe ,railroad4 ,! freight h\ses ( ?is road are mu* ! same z ^? ( ! ,*icago1 ,/4 ,paul1 ,m9neapolis & ,omaha railroad1 except t m pa9s h be5 tak5 ) ! appe>ances ( ! /ructures4 ,mobile & ,ohio ,railroad4 ,! /&>d freight h\se ( ?is road is a d\ble-/ory frame /ructure1 #efj ft4 long by #hj ft4 wide1 %ea!d on ! outside ) galvaniz$ iron1 & ro($ ) a composition ro(+-felt4 ,two tracks ent] ! build+1 "o ne> ! side & "o 9 ! middle4 ,! =m] is = freight :i* requires no /orage4 ,by ! use ( iron joi/s & gird]s1 ! floor ( ! second /ory is cont9u$ )\t a break across ! track-pit4 ,freight is transf]r$ f & to ! upp] /ory by package elevators4 ,,! ,,writ]',s ,,design ,! site = ! w>eh\se has be5 tak5 at ,new ,orleans1 ,l\isiana1 on ! prop]ty ( ! ,ill9ois ,c5tral front+ ! gulf kn[n z ,/uyvesant ,docks4 ,! design1 h[ev]1 is adapt$ to any sea-bo>d t[n :]e a great deal ( heavy freight is receiv$ f railroads = %ipm5t by wat]1 or vice v]sa4 ,x might also ) a few v>iations be suitable = an inl& t[n4 ,! w>eh\se w be #fjj ft4 long4 ,?is l5g? is *os5 because x repres5ts ! l5g? ( :>f available = t purpose4 ,! wid? ( ! build+ w be #adh ft41 ( :i* #bj ft4 9 ! c5t] w be occupi$ by two tracks spac$ fifte5 feet c5t] to c5t]1 :i* all[s an ample passage-way betwe5 ! tracks & also betwe5 ! floor & ! track4 ,load4 ,! size ( w>eh\se hav+ be5 decid$ ^u1 ! next ?+ is to select ! prop] floor load to be all[$ =4 ,?is dep5ds ^u ! class ( freight to be expect$ & also ^u ! mann] ( /or+ x4 ,passage-ways w at mo/ times be left 9 ! freight = accessibility1 :i* w make "s diff]5ce 9 ! load+2 b z ! passageways are likely to be omitt$ at "s "t1 ! unit load %\ld be on ! side ( safety & cov] all cont+5cies4 ,a load ( #bej lbs p]4 sq4 ft4 on bo? ! upp] & l[] floor has be5 tak5 9 ?is design1 :i* x is believ$ w be ample z iron ore1 lead1 etc41 w n be /or$ "h4 ,support ( ,upp] ,floor4 ,! columns w be spac$ #bj ft4 ap>t 9 ! direction ( ! l5g? ( ! build+1 & #ae ft4 9 ! o!r direction4 ,! gird]s w run p>allel to ! l5g? ( ! build+ & !re=e ! gird]s w be #bj ft4 long & ! joi/s #ae4 ,! economic l5g? ( ! gird] is some:at less ?an #bj ft4 b by ?is spac+ ( ! columns m cle> room w be obta9$1 :i* is a ?+ wor?y ( "s consid]ation4 ,ro( ,trusses4 ,! v]tical load on ! ro( w be tak5 z #ce lbs4 p]4 sq4 ft4 ( horizontal projection1 ( :i* #bj lbs4 is suppos$ to cov] ! weight ( ! ro( itself1 & #ae a possible load due to w9d4 ,! horizontal effect ( ! w9d is tak5 z #cj lbs4 p]4 sq4 ft4 ( ! v]tical projection4 ,a design 0 fir/ made 9 :i* x 0 int5d$ to span #fj ft4 ) "o ,f9k truss1 b ?is requir$ su* heavy con/ruction 9 ! truss memb]s1 t ! span ( ! trusses 0 r$uc$ to #cj ft4 & a column 0 project$ up ?r\gh ! second /ory to c>ry "o end ( ! trusses4 ,= an elevation ( ! trusses see ,plate ,,iii1 page #bc4 ,! /resses 9 ! sev]al memb]s ( ! trusses 7 f\nd by graphical resolution4 ,9 _m cases a /ress 0 f\nd small] ?an w\ld be safely c>ri$ by a #b #b-;in* angle1 b on acc\nt ( rivet+ a small] section c\ld n be us$4 ,= details ( ! trusses see ,plate ,,iii1 page #bc4 ,purl9s4 ,! purl9s are spac$ #g ft4 ap>t & h a span ( #bj feet4 ,?is requires r a heavy purl91 & on acc\nt ( ! l5g? !re w be m or less deflection 9 x2 b ?is w n be 9 ! lea/ detrim5tal4 ,five-in* n9e-p\nd *annels w be us$1 & on ^! w be bolt$ ! nail+ pieces4 ,ro( ,cov]+4 ,ov] ! purl9s w be laid #a-;in* f9e %ea?+ cov]$ ) t94 ,t9 is us$ 9 pref]5ce to corrugat$ iron1 z x may be sold]$ s z to be absolutely wat]-tight4 ,on ! und]side ( ! %ea?+ w be nail$ a lay] ( asbe/os to prev5t sp>ks f ! eng9es bel[ sett+ fire to ! woodwork4 ,floor+4 ,! floor+ = ! upp] /ory w be #c-;in* well-season$ long leaf yell[ p9e surfac$ to a ?ickness & laid ) squ>e jo9ts4 ,! floor c safely c>ry ! requir$ load ) a span ( #d feet1 & !re=e ! joi/s w be spac$ #d feet c5t] to c5t]4 ,! joi/s w be support$ by gird]s :i* are 9 turn support$ by ! columns4 ,! joi/s w be #ae-;in* #db lb4 ,i beams1 & ! gird]s #bj-;in* #fe-lb4 ,i beams4 ,columns4 ,only two columns w be design$3 "o hav+ only a "p ( ! ro( to support1 & "o t supports ?is column & ! load on ! upp] floor4 ,! fir/ is designat$ ,a on ,plate ,,iii1 page #bc1 & ! second ,b4 ,column ,a4 ,! load due to ! weight ( truss1 w9d & sn[ is #bdjjj lbs4 ,a column compos$ ( #d angles #c #b #caf-;94 & #b -94 lac+ w be us$4 ,! cross-section is %[n 9 ! figure ,illu/ration3 ,a ,b 4 ,! mom5t ( in]tia ab\t ! axis ,,ab #bj4d #d #ha4f in*es1 & ! di/ance ,c1 f ! c5t] ( gravity ( ! cross section to ! mo/ extreme fibre1 #d4 ,! b5d+ mom5t1 ,m1 caus$ by ! w9d on ! ro( #a1ddb1jjj in* p\nds4 ,sub/itut+ ^! values 9 ! =mula ,m ,,si ,c & solv+ = ,s1 we obta9 a value ( #gajj lbs4 p]4 sq4 94 ,! /ress p]4 sq4 94 due to ! weight ( ! trusses #ccjj lbs4 ,!re=e ! total /ress #gajj #ccjj #ajdjj lbs4 p]4 sq4 94 ,! all[able /ress #afjjj 7#de lv74 lv #ac4g4 ,!re=e ! all[able /ress #aadjj lbs4 p]4 sq4 94 ,column ,b4 ,! dead load caus$ by column ,a is #ab tons1 & ! load on ! column due to ! second floor is #da4e tons1 mak+ a total ( #ec4e tons4 ,! l5g? ( column is #ab ft4 ,try a column compos$ ( f\r #c 94 ,z b>s lac$4 ,half ( ! w9d pressure on ! w9dw>d side above ! floor is transmitt$ by ! ro( & ! lat]al brac+ to ! columns on ! leew>d side ( ! build+1 & half is c>ri$ directly by ! columns on ! w9dw>d side4 ,! w9d pressure to be resi/$ by #aj columns #df #cj #bj #bg1fjj lbs4 ,! columns be+ fix$ at ! base1 ! total mom5t ( ! w9d #bg1fjj #ab #f #a1ihg1bjj 94 lbs4 & ! mom5t resi/$ by "o column #aih1gbj 94 lbs4 ,i ,c = ?is column #ce4a4 ,by sub/itution 9 ! equation ,m ,,si ,c1 ,s #bcjj lbs4 p] sq4 9 7approx474 ,! area ( ! column #i4ca sq4 942 & ! /ress 9 ! column due to ! dead load #hcjjj #i4ca #hijj lbs4 p]4 sq4 94 ,! o!r columns w be /ress$ less ?an ?is "o2 b ?is section w be us$ ?r\gh\t = ! columns on ! l[] floor4 ,w9d ,brac+4 ,only ! me?od ( design+ memb] ,,ad 7see ,plate ,,iii1 page #bc7 w be expla9$4 ,! w9d pressure to be transmitt$ #dhjj lbs4 ,! secant ( ! angle ( incl9ation #a4jf4 ,!re=e ! /ress 9 ,,ad #dhjj #a4jf #eajj lbs4 ,a -94 r\nd rod w be us$4 ,9 ! same way ! sizes ( ! memb]s ,,ce1 ,,ef1 & ,,fg are det]m9$4 ,f\ndation4 ,! maximum load = ! column is ab\t #ee tons4 ,! f\ndation w be built on pil+1 z exp]im5ts made by ,f4 ,j4 ,llewellyn--,eng9e]+ ,news1 ,may #aa #ahii--%[ t ! safe load = ! soil at ,new ,orleans is only ab\t #gjj lbs4 p]4 sq4 ft4 ,n9e piles w be us$ 9 support+ ea* column4 ,! dep? ( pile necess>y to safely support ! load w be f\nd by driv+ a few trial piles & us+ :at is kn[n z ! ,eng9e]+ ,news =mula 7,bak]'s ,masonry ,con/ruction page #bde7 ,p #b,: d #a1 9 :i* ,p ! safe load 9 tons2 & d is ! p5etration 9 in*es "u ! la/ bl[4 ,w is ! weight ( ! hamm] 9 tons2 & h h is ! fall 9 feet4 ,! piles w be ( good quality /raight-gra9$ :ite oak1 & be=e be+ driv51 ! entire b>k w be /ripp$ (f4 ,no pile less ?an #ae 94 at ! top w be us$4 ,! piles w be spac$ #c ft4 c5t] to c5t]4 ,a detail draw+ ( ! f\ndation is %[n 9 ,plate ,,iii1 page #bc4 ,! concrete us$ 9 ! f\ndation w be compos$ ( #a "p ,l\isville ,natural cem5t & #d p>ts ( s&/one brok5 to pass a #b-;94 r+1 ! "p pass+ a -94 r+ be+ scre5$ out4 ,! concrete is assum$ to h a compressive /r5g? ( #aj tons p] sq4 ft41 & !n ! area ( ! ca/ iron base to support ! column w be #ee #aj #e4e sq4 ft4 ,a base #cj in*es squ>e w be us$4 ,! fir/ floor w be compos$ ( #f-;in*es ( concrete made z t = ! f\ndation re/+ directly on ! gr\nd4 ,ov] ?is w be spread -94 ( neat ,portl& cem5t to give ! floor an ev5 surface4 ,,conclusion ,! writ] realizes t he has n treat$ su* details z cornices1 gutt]s1 w9d[ frames1 etc4 b "t w n p]mit ( a fur!r elaboration ( ! design4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate-,i ,illu/ration3 ,,plate-,,ii ,illu/ration3 ,,plate-,,iii ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes #a4 ,sil5tly correct$ typographical errors & v>iations 9 spell+4 #b4 ,ar*aic1 non-/&>d1 & unc]ta9 spell+s reta9$ z pr9t$4 #c4 ,enclos$ block pr9t$ font 9 und]scores4