,,stories ,,pictures ,,tell ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,stories ,,pictures ,,tell ,,book ,,three ,by ,,flora ,l4 ,,carpenter ,instructor in drawing in ,waite ,high ,school1 ,toledo1 ,ohio ,formerly supervisor of drawing1 ,bloomington1 ,illinois ,illustrated with ,half ,tones from ,original ,photographs ,,rand ,mc,n,a,l,l,y ,,company ,,chicago ,,new ,,york ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,copyright1 #aiah1 by ,,rand ,m,,cnally ,,company ,all rights reserved ,edition of #aibf ,illustration3 ,made in ,u4,s4,a4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,the ,,contents ,,september ,,and ,,october ,,page 8,a ,member of the ,royal ,humane ,landseer #a ,society0 8,primary ,school in ,brittany0 ,geoffroy #ab ,,november1 ,,december1 ,,and ,,january 8,woman ,churning0 ,millet #bj 8,the ,broken ,pitcher0 ,greuze #cj ,,february ,,and ,,march 8,madame ,lebrun and ,her ,mme ,lebrun #cf ,daughter0 8,an ,old ,monarch0 ,rosa ,bonheur #dd ,,april1 ,,may1 ,,and ,,june 8,penelope ,boothby0 or 8,the ,mob ,reynolds #ef ,cap0 ,review of ,pictures and ,artists ,studied ,the ,suggestions to ,teachers #ff ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,the ,,preface ,art supervisors in the public schools assign picture-study work in each grade1 recommending the study of certain pictures by well-known masters4 ,as ,supervisor of ,drawing ,i found that the children enjoyed this work but that the teachers felt incompetent to conduct the lessons as they lacked time to look up the subject and to gather adequate material4 ,recourse to a great many books was necessary and often while much information would usually be found about the artist1 very little was available about his pictures4 ,hence ,i began collecting information about the pictures and preparing the lessons for the teachers just as ,i would give them myself to pupils of their grade4 ,my plan does not include many pictures during the year1 as this is to be only a part of the art work and is not intended to take the place of drawing4 ,the lessons in this grade may be used for the usual drawing period of from twenty to thirty minutes1 and have been successfully given in that time4 ,however1 the most satisfactory way of using the books is as supplementary readers1 thus permitting each child to study the pictures and read the stories himself4 ,,flora ,l4 ,,carpenter ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,stories ,,pictures ,,tell ,illustration ,a ,,member ,,of ,,the ,,royal ,,humane ,,society ,questions to arouse interest4 ,where is this dog8 ,why do you think so8 ,does he seem to be looking across the water1 or toward the land8 ,what kind of dog is he8 ,how do you know he is lying in the sunshine8 ,what does the length of the shadows tell us about the time of day8 ,what could this dog do if there should be a severe storm on the water8 ,can you see anything in the picture that makes you think there may be a storm coming8 ,where do the sea gulls go before a storm8 ,why would you not be afraid of this dog8 ,what do you suppose the iron ring is used for8 ,do you like this picture8 why8 ,original ,picture3 ,national ,gallery of ,british ,art1 ,london1 ,england4 ,artist3 ,sir ,edwin ,landseer 7lndsr74 ,birthplace3 ,london1 ,england4 ,dates3 ,born1 #ahjb2 died1 #ahgc4 ,the story of the picture4 ,one day when the artist1 ,sir ,edwin ,landseer1 was visiting in the fine home of his friend1 ,mr4 ,newman ,smith1 a great ,newfoundland dog came into the room carrying a basket of flowers in his mouth4 ,sir ,edwin ,landseer thought he had never seen so large and fine a dog1 and when the dog came up to him and offered him the basket of flowers1 as his owner told him to do1 he was delighted4 ,being very fond of animals1 ,landseer always thought of painting them1 so he suggested that he paint a picture of this dog4 ,mr4 ,newman ,smith must have been surprised1 for every one knew ,sir ,edwin ,landseer had so many animals to paint that he kept a long waiting list1 and it was usually many weeks before he could commence a picture4 ,but the artist could not forget the kind1 intelligent eyes of this handsome1 trusty1 powerful dog1 and in a few days he sent for him4 ,so ,paul ,pry--for that was the dog's name1--was taken to ,sir ,edwin ,landseer's studio4 ,the way to the artist's house led through a beautiful park1 called ,regent's ,park1 and then along the road called 8,st4 ,john's ,wood ,road40 ,the house was small but behind it was the garden1 and at the end of the garden was what had once been an old barn4 ,this barn had been made over until1 with its many windows and fine view of the country all round1 it had become an ideal place for a studio4 ,paul ,pry remembered ,landseer at once1 as anyone could see by the way he went up to him1 wagging his tail and offering his paw4 ,he did exactly as he was told1 and seemed to understand perfectly everything that was said4 ,he was a beautiful animal1 and ,landseer could not help thinking how strong such dogs are and what wonderful things they can be trained to do4 ,perhaps the first thing he thought of was how they save people from drowning1 for they are very strong swimmers and can save lives when men are unable to do anything4 ,sir ,edwin ,landseer painted a picture of another dog that looked enough like this one to be ,paul ,pry himself4 ,he called the picture 8,saved10 because the dog has just saved a little child from drowning4 ,in that picture the dog is seen lying on the shore1 too exhausted to do anything more than wait for help4 ,he has strained every nerve and risked his own life to bring the child to land4 ,sir ,edwin called ,paul ,pry and told him to jump up on a big table where he could see him better4 ,then as he painted1 he seemed to see the dog lying on the edge of a pier or wharf1 waiting to go to the rescue if some one should need him4 ,so in this picture we see ,paul ,pry lying on the stone wharf while the water comes lapping gently against the iron mooring ring to which boats are fastened4 ,it must be at the highest point of the tide1 for we are sure the water never rises high enough to cover that iron ring entirely4 ,just now the sun is shining brightly4 ,we can tell this by the shadow of the dog's great dark head on the white coat of his body4 ,the length and direction of the shadows tell us that the sun must be high in the sky4 ,if it were low in the horizon the shadows would be longer4 ,we can be sure of this by watching our own shadows as we go home from school4 ,the few sea gulls circling near the shore call our attention to the sky1 where the clouds are just beginning to gather1 as if a storm might be approaching4 ,perhaps the good dog has already scented the storm1 and is quietly waiting to see if there is any work for him to do4 ,his ears1 slightly lifted1 show us that he is attentive and watching4 ,it must be a quiet1 warm day or ,paul ,pry would not look so comfortable lying on such an exposed end of the pier4 ,perhaps the air is sultry1 as it often is before a storm1 for the dog's tongue hangs out and you can almost hear him pant4 ,this brave old dog1 so ready and willing to risk his life to save other lives1 might have been called 8,a ,distinguished ,member of the ,life-,saving ,crew10 but ,sir ,edwin ,landseer knew his dog would be as brave on land as on the sea1 so he used the name 8,royal ,humane ,society10 which may include both4 ,when the painting was finished it was placed on exhibition and hundreds of people came to see it4 ,the owner of the dog1 ,mr4 ,newman ,smith1 was very proud indeed4 ,questions to help the pupil understand the picture4 ,where did ,sir ,edwin ,landseer first see this dog8 ,what did the dog do that pleased the artist very much8 ,who suggested that he paint this picture8 why8 ,why was ,mr4 ,smith surprised8 ,what was the dog's name8 ,where did ,paul ,pry go to have his picture painted8 ,tell about ,sir ,edwin ,landseer's studio4 ,how did ,paul ,pry behave8 ,where was he lying when the artist painted his picture8 ,where did ,sir ,edwin ,landseer imagine the dog to be8 ,what do you suppose made him think of that8 ,how do these dogs save people from drowning8 ,what makes you think there will be a storm8 ,what makes you think the air is sultry8 ,what time of day is it8 ,why did the artist call the picture 8,a ,member of the ,royal ,humane ,society08 ,to the ,teacher3 ,encourage the children to talk about their own pet dogs1 and to draw pictures of them1 using charcoal and manila paper4 ,the drawings will probably not be worth much in themselves1 but the practice will make the children more observant1 and will tend to make their later drawings better4 ,the story of the artist4 ,sir ,edwin ,landseer learned how to draw from his father1 and when he was but five years old he could draw remarkably well4 ,edwin had three sisters and two brothers who liked to draw1 too4 ,the family lived out in the country and nearly every day at breakfast the father would ask his boys1 8,what shall we draw to-day80 ,they would take turns in choosing1 and sometimes they would vote on it4 ,then out across the fields the father and his boys would tramp until they came to where the donkeys1 sheep1 goats1 and cows were grazing4 ,each would choose the subject he wished to draw1 and the four would sit down on the grass and begin to sketch4 ,edwin's first choice was a cow and his father helped him draw it4 ,after this ,edwin came to these fields every day and his father called them 8,edwin's studio40 ,at this time ,edwin had three dogs of his own which he called ,brutus1 ,vixen1 and ,boxer4 ,they were always with him and were so intelligent that they seemed almost able to speak4 ,in the back yard the children had several pens for pet rabbits and they kept pigeons in the attic of their house4 ,once ,mr4 ,landseer decided to move4 ,he selected a house1 and thought all was settled1 when he discovered that the landlord would not rent the house to him because he kept so many dogs and other pets4 ,when ,edwin was only thirteen years old two of his pictures were exhibited at the ,royal ,academy4 ,one was a painting of a mule and the other was of a dog and puppies4 ,edwin painted always from real life1 not caring to make copies from the work of others4 ,all the sketches he made when he was a little boy were kept very carefully by the father1 and now if you go to ,england you may see them in ,south ,kensington ,museum in ,london4 ,we read of how the father and his sons made many visits to the ,zological ,gardens1 where they could watch and make sketches of lions1 bears1 and other wild animals4 ,one day they saw a strange sight in one of the store windows in ,london--it was a ,newfoundland dog caring for a lion4 ,the lion had been caught in ,africa when it was very little1 and had been cared for by this great ,newfoundland dog4 ,they had never been separated1 and now1 although the lion was much larger than the dog1 they were still the best of friends4 ,sometimes the dog would punish the lion if it did not behave1 and the great beast would whimper just as though it could not help itself4 ,all three boys made many sketches of this strange pair1 and could hardly be persuaded to leave the window4 ,edwin1 we are told1 was a bright1 gentle little boy with blue eyes and light curly hair4 ,when he was fourteen years old he became a pupil at the ,royal ,academy4 ,the keeper there was an old man4 ,he grew very fond of ,edwin4 ,he would look all around and if he could not find him1 would say1 8,where is my curly-headed dog boy80 ,he was only sixteen years old when he exhibited his wonderful picture called 8,fighting ,dogs ,getting ,wind40 ,a very rich man whose praise meant a great deal at that time bought this picture1 and ,edwin's success was assured4 ,it was about this time1 too1 that he painted an old white horse in the stable of another wealthy man4 ,after the picture was finished and ready to be delivered1 it suddenly disappeared4 ,search was made for it everywhere but it was not found until twenty-four years afterwards4 ,a servant had stolen it and hidden it in a hayloft4 ,he was afraid to sell it1 or even to keep it in his home1 for every one would have recognized the great artist's work4 ,it was ,sir ,edwin ,landseer's opinion that animals understand1 feel1 and reason just like people1 and so he painted them as happy1 sad1 gay1 dignified1 frivolous1 rich1 poor1 and in all ways just like human beings4 ,this appealed to the people very much and he became very popular indeed4 ,every one knew of ,landseer and each wanted a certain one of his pictures of dogs because the dog in it looked so much like a dog they knew4 ,for many years ,sir ,edwin ,landseer lived and painted in his father's house in a poor little room without even a carpet4 ,the only furniture1 we are told1 consisted of three cheap chairs and an easel4 ,but as his fame grew he had more orders than he could fill1 and before long he was able to move into a fine studio near ,regent's ,park4 ,it was here that he painted the famous picture of ,paul ,pry4 ,he was not a very good business man and he left all his affairs to his father1 who sold his pictures for him and kept his accounts4 ,this story is told of ,sir ,edwin ,landseer4 ,at an evening party1 at which ,landseer was present1 some one made the remark that no one had ever been found who could draw two things at the same time4 ,landseer quickly replied1 8,oh1 ,i can do that2 lend me two pencils and ,i will show you40 ,in a very few minutes he drew with one hand the head of a horse1 at the same time drawing a deer's head with the other4 ,both were so good that they might well have been drawn one at a time and with much more effort4 ,although ,landseer painted so many wild animals1 birds1 and hunting scenes1 he did not care to hunt or shoot4 ,his pencil was his weapon4 ,sometimes he would hire a guide to take him into the wildest places in search of game4 ,to the great surprise of his guide1 instead of shooting when a great deer came bounding toward him1 he would quickly make a drawing of it in his sketch book4 ,a beautiful live deer was much more interesting to him than a dead one4 ,he said1 8,to shoot a bird is to lose it40 ,edwin's brother ,thomas made engravings of nearly all of ,edwin's paintings1 and so although we cannot afford to buy one of the paintings1 we can easily have one of the prints from the engravings4 ,no ,english painter has ever been more appreciated and loved in his own country than ,sir ,edwin ,landseer4 ,questions about the artist4 ,who painted this picture8 ,when did he first begin to draw8 ,how many brothers and sisters did he have8 ,how many of them liked to draw8 ,where did they live8 ,what question did the father ask at the breakfast table8 ,how did they decide8 ,where did they go8 ,what animal did ,edwin choose first8 ,who helped him8 ,where was 8,edwin's studio08 ,tell about the pets these children had4 ,where did they keep them8 ,why did the owner refuse to rent ,mr4 ,landseer a house8 ,when ,edwin was thirteen years old1 which of his pictures were exhibited8 ,what became of the sketches he made when he was a boy8 ,tell about the ,newfoundland dog and the lion4 ,what did the keeper at the ,royal ,academy call ,edwin8 ,what did ,sir ,edwin ,landseer think animals could do that made them seem like people8 ,tell about the picture of the old white horse4 ,tell how ,sir ,edwin ,landseer went hunting4 ,why did he not shoot8 ,tell about the drawings he made with both hands4 ,how did people like ,sir ,edwin ,landseer and his paintings8 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illustration ,,primary ,,school ,,in ,,brittany ,questions to arouse interest4 ,where are these children8 ,why do you think so8 ,what are they doing8 ,how do their clothes and shoes differ from ours8 ,how many classes are there8 ,what is the teacher doing8 ,how is she dressed8 ,why do you think the little girl leaning against the teacher is just learning to read8 ,what makes you think she has come to a word she does not know8 ,which child looks as if she knew8 ,which little girl is looking out of the window8 ,what are the two little children sitting next to the teacher doing8 ,why are they not in class8 ,how are they dressed8 ,why do they not wear bonnets like the older girls8 ,what are the children at the desks doing8 ,which one in class is not listening8 ,how many windows can you see8 ,what makes you think there must be other windows8 ,what can you see on the walls8 ,artist3 ,jean ,geoffroy 7zhofrw74 ,birthplace3 ,marennes1 ,france4 ,dates3 ,born1 #ahec2 still living1 #aiah4 ,the story of the picture4 ,in a little village in ,brittany1 ,france1 there is just such a school as the one we see in this picture4 ,we know this is true because the artist1 ,mr4 ,jean ,geoffroy1 lives near it and has told us all about it with his brush and paints4 ,we are told1 too1 that he visits this school very often and has made friends with all the boys and girls4 ,he is a very rich1 generous man and besides painting their pictures as large as life1 he gives them flowers1 cakes1 and candy4 ,although he is naturally a very shy1 quiet man1 the children never find him so when he is entertaining them4 ,if we could open the door very quietly and go into this schoolhouse to-day1 we should see a scene just like that in our picture4 ,in that part of ,brittany the children still wear those queer bonnets1 wide collars1 and wooden shoes4 ,many of the children have come a long way to school1 for the houses are scattered4 ,in some parts of ,brittany we should see built on the low hills many an old castle1 with its towers and walls in ruin4 ,narrow little bridges cross the streams which dash over the rocks on their way to the ocean4 ,then there are the great forests of oak trees where1 long ago1 the ,druid priests used to live and hold their mysterious meetings1 and about whose magic all kinds of weird tales are told4 ,but this was all so long ago that no doubt the children think now only of the beautiful fairies who live in the oak trees and go about doing good4 ,they may even steal quietly in among the great trees1 listening1 and hoping to hear the low knock of some fairy who will tell them where to find the key which will unlock the door and let her out--for that is the only way one could hope to see a fairy in the daytime4 ,when the school bell rings in the morning the children come carrying their books and their lunches--a gay little procession from far and near1 each wearing a quaint bonnet1 dress1 and shoes like those you see in the picture4 ,in our picture1 school has begun1 the opening exercises are over1 and the first class of beginners is reciting4 ,the little girl leaning against the teacher is just learning to read1 and points to each word as she pronounces it4 ,she seems to have come to a word she does not know4 ,how do you think she will learn it8 ,will she sound it1 or spell it and let some one in the class tell her1 or will the teacher tell her8 ,the little girl at this end holding her apron so tightly wants to tell her--at least she looks as if she knew1 and so does the little girl looking at the book over the child's shoulder4 ,but the girl looking out of the window does not seem to be thinking of her school work and we fear she will not know her lesson4 ,the tallest girl is probably reading in another book and is farther advanced1 for in country schools they do not try to keep together1 but each one goes ahead as fast as he or she is able4 ,perhaps that is one reason why the older girls seated at the desks are studying so hard4 ,no doubt their lessons are much longer than ours1 for the school year is shorter4 ,they must work very hard if they would keep up with the rest of the class4 ,the two little children sitting beside the teacher are too young to wear the queer bonnets the others wear1 or to sit on the high benches1 but they are content to be close to the teacher and to listen to the older children with wonder and admiration4 ,they certainly do not look as if they were six years old4 ,what a pleasant face the teacher has6 ,look at any part of the picture you wish and your eyes will soon be drawn back to her face as she sits in the bright light with the group of children about her4 ,this is what the artist must have intended4 ,it also explains why he left so indistinct the faces and figures of the pupils at their seats1 and made the maps and charts on the wall so vague4 ,if we were to stand in the doorway and look at the teacher and her class1 we should see the pupils in their seats only as a blurred mass until we turned to look directly at them4 ,suppose the bell for recess should ring4 ,then all would be commotion2 but not confusion we are sure1 for it is easy to see that the pupils in this school have been taught to be orderly4 ,we wonder if the two little ones will be too shy to run and play with the other children4 ,probably there is some older sister to look after them4 ,and what will the children play8 ,they probably do not have toboggan slides1 seesaws1 swings1 or basket-balls on their playgrounds1 but no doubt they play games like our 8,follow the ,leader10 8,london ,bridge10 8,crack the ,whip10 and other games we like to play4 ,it does not seem as if they could run very fast in such clumsy wooden shoes4 ,if you have ever tried to wear a pair of ,dutch wooden shoes you will wonder how they could be worn in school1 for they are very likely to make a great deal of noise on the wooden floor4 ,but you can tell by looking at this picture that all is very quiet in the schoolroom4 ,it will soon be time for the older girls to recite1 and then this beginners' class can study4 ,probably there are some smaller benches for them on the other side of the room4 ,we hope the little girl who is looking out of the window will work and not bother her neighbor1 as that big girl at the right-hand side of the picture is doing4 ,however1 her neighbor keeps her eyes on her book and pays no attention to her4 ,we should like to visit this school1 and1 best of all1 we should like to go with these children on their homeward journey across the narrow little bridge1 up the hill1 past the great oak forest1 and across the fields4 ,questions to help the pupil understand the picture4 ,how many have ever visited a country school8 a city school8 ,in what ways do they differ8 ,how are they alike8 ,which does this picture represent8 ,why do you think so8 ,where is this school8 ,who lives near it8 ,what does he like to do8 ,what does he do for the children8 ,how do the children dress in ,brittany8 ,why do most of them come a long distance to school8 ,tell about the old castles2 the forests and the ,druids4 ,which class is reciting now8 ,tell what each one of the pupils is doing4 ,tell about the children at the desks4 ,why must they study so hard8 ,what do you think they will all do at recess8 ,what makes you think this is a quiet1 orderly schoolroom8 ,look at the picture1 then close your eyes1 and then open them slowly4 ,whom do you see first8 ,whom do you think the artist intended us to see first8 ,why did he paint the children in the background so indistinct8 ,to the ,teacher3 ,,subjects ,,for ,,compositions ,what ,i ,see in ,this ,picture4 ,a ,visit to the ,schoolroom4 ,why ,i ,should ,like to ,go to ,this ,school4 ,why ,i ,like ,our ,own ,school ,best4 ,an ,imaginary ,painting of ,our ,school4 ,the story of the artist4 ,mr4 ,jean ,geoffroy is still living in this little village called ,marennes1 near the school of which he has painted so many pictures4 ,he is very fond of children1 and counts them among his best friends4 ,a large number of the pictures ,geoffroy has painted are of children4 ,he does not often paint the children of wealth and fashion1 preferring instead to paint the little sons and daughters of the poorer1 hard-working people4 ,his pictures always tell a story1 and tell it so plainly that they do not need titles4 ,they have brought him great praise and many honors1 but he is a modest man and we know very little about his life4 ,he signs his paintings 8,geo40 ,questions about the artist4 ,who painted this picture8 ,where does he live8 ,what other pictures has he painted8 ,why do his pictures not need titles8 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illustration3 ,,woman ,,churning ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,woman ,,churning ,questions to arouse interest4 ,what is this woman doing8 ,how many know how butter is made8 ,how many have ever tried to churn it8 ,what else can you see in the picture8 ,what does the cat want8 ,what is she doing8 ,what can you see in the back of the room8 ,what do you see on the bench8 ,of what is the floor made8 ,why do you think this room is cool8 ,how is the woman dressed8 ,what can you see in the doorway8 ,what is the hen doing8 ,what do you like best about this picture8 ,original ,picture3 ,luxembourg ,gallery1 ,paris1 ,france4 ,artist3 ,jean ,franois ,millet 7ml7 ,birthplace3 ,gruchy1 ,france4 ,dates3 ,born1 #ahad2 died1 #ahge4 ,the story of the picture4 ,when the artist1 ,jean ,franois ,millet1 was a little boy he lived in the country where nearly all the people knew how to churn and make their own butter4 ,no doubt he often watched his grandmother churn and helped her1 too4 ,he must have liked to see her pour the milk into the big pans1 which she then set away in a cool place until all the cream had come to the top4 ,then she would skim the cream from the milk1 put it into the big wooden churn1 and begin to work the churning rod up and down1 up and down1 until her arms grew so tired that she was glad to rest them a while and let him churn4 ,at the end of the rod inside the churn are two boards fastened crosswise which work the cream into butter as the rod is moved up and down4 ,the churn in the picture has a cover with a hole in the center for the handle1 and as soon as the cream begins to thicken some of it works up with the rod to the top of the churn4 ,we can see it in the picture4 ,this cream must be what the cat smells and wants4 ,if you have ever watched a cat sniffing at something it likes1 you will know right away what the cat in the picture is doing4 ,she rubs against the woman's dress as a gentle reminder that she is there1 and would very much like to have some cream4 ,if the woman is called away for a few moments she had better take the cat with her or ,i fear ,puss will not wait to be served4 ,a hen looks in at the open door1 curious to know what is going on4 ,the woman continues her churning4 ,she must churn until the butter comes1 which may be in twenty minutes or an hour1 depending upon the condition of the cream4 ,then the butter will be salted and prepared for the table4 ,many farmers now send their milk to the creameries1 where it is made into butter4 ,in these days of cream separators and machinery of all kinds1 buttermaking has ceased to be the difficult task that it once was4 ,butter has not always been used for the table as we use it now4 ,we read that1 long ago1 the ,romans used it only as an ointment and in medicine4 ,the people of ,india used it to anoint the wounds of their elephants4 ,the ,greeks knew very little about it1 and considered its odor very disagreeable4 ,one writer 7,plutarch7 tells us of a visit which a great ,spartan lady paid to the wife of an important official1 when the one smelled so strongly of sweet ointment and the other of butter that they could not endure each other4 ,people in those days used olive oil in place of butter and this must have satisfied their tastes as well as butter does ours4 ,this picture is often called 8,the ,buttermaker40 ,like all of ,millet's pictures1 it is a picture of work4 ,the woman looks strong and capable1 and willing to do each task as it comes to her4 ,farther back in the room we can see a bench upon which are placed the great jars of milk4 ,the stone floor and the half-darkened room suggest a cool1 comfortable place in which to work on a hot summer day4 ,the woman is dressed like all the ,french peasants1 a handkerchief wound around her head1 and wearing those wooden shoes which everybody wore1 even the little children4 ,the broom resting against the bench suggests another task when this one is finished4 ,the strong light in the left-hand side of the picture must come from some window near by1 for that side of the woman's face and dress1 and of the churn and handle1 is brightly lighted4 ,most of the woman's face1 however1 is indistinct1 for ,millet did not consider the features important and usually painted his faces in shadow4 ,it is in what the men and women are doing and how they do it that he wished to interest us4 ,questions to help the pupil understand the picture4 ,how did ,millet know so much about churning butter8 ,how did his grandmother make butter8 ,describe the churn4 ,what is at the end of the rod inside the churn8 ,what can you see on the top of this churn8 ,what does the cat want8 ,how does she ask for it8 ,how long must the woman churn8 ,how is the butter prepared for the table8 ,where is most of our butter made to-day8 ,how is it churned8 ,how did the ,romans use butter8 the people of ,india8 the ,greeks8 ,tell about the visit of the ,spartan lady4 ,what did people use instead of butter8 ,what is this picture sometimes called8 ,what are the figures in most of ,millet's pictures doing8 ,how is this woman dressed8 ,why did ,millet paint most of her face indistinctly8 ,what did he consider important8 ,where does the light come from8 ,to the ,teacher3 ,have a child pose as if churning4 ,an ordinary pail or the waste-paper basket with a broom or mop handle will do very well for the churn4 ,if possible1 have the child stand on a platform or table4 ,the teacher's apron may be worn1 but the idea is to represent the action1--the bent head1 curve of shoulders1 position of arms1 and general feeling of the figure4 ,use brush and ink for silhouette picture1 or charcoal and manila paper4 ,,subjects ,,for ,,short ,,compositions ,what ,i ,see in ,this ,picture4 ,how ,butter ,is ,made4 ,the ,cat and the ,hen4 ,what ,i ,like about ,this ,picture4 ,the ,man ,who ,painted ,this ,picture4 ,the story of the artist4 ,it was not a very long walk to the little village schoolhouse at ,gruchy where ,jean ,franois ,millet studied4 ,his good old grandmother had taught him his letters at home1 and he could read and spell very well before he ever went to school at all4 ,he was past six years old1 and large for his age1 before he started4 ,when he arrived at the school yard the first thing he did was to fight4 ,there was a boy in the school who had fought every boy in the class1 and proved that he was the strongest4 ,so when he saw ,millet coming down the street with the older children in whose care he had been sent1 this boy hurried toward him and dared him to fight4 ,millet himself tells how he came out victorious1 and how proud the older children were4 8,millet is only six and a half10 they said1 8and he has beaten a boy more than seven years old40 ,but ,millet was not a fighter1 and fought only when he was forced to4 ,he loved to study1 and soon stood at the head of his class4 ,when the village priest offered to teach him ,latin he was only too glad to study evenings or at any other time4 ,at home he found little to read except the ,bible1 which belonged to his grandmother2 even when he was very little she had told him many wonderful stories from this book4 ,this ,bible contained many pictures1 and one day he surprised her by making a drawing from one of them4 ,he drew his picture on the wall of the house1 with white chalk4 ,she was delighted1 and so were his mother and father when they saw the picture4 ,after that he drew many pictures of things in and about the house1 and of his grandmother1 his brothers and sisters1 and his parents4 ,as a boy ,millet had to work in the fields with his father and he had little time to spend on his drawings or his studies4 ,in ,france it is the custom among the peasants to spend an hour every day in rest4 ,but ,millet1 instead of sleeping during that hour1 spent it in drawing the homely scenes around him4 ,it was not until he was eighteen years old1 however1 that he drew a picture which made his parents decide he should become an artist4 ,this picture was of an old man bent over a cane1 whom ,millet met as he was coming home from church4 ,he drew this with charcoal on a stone wall1 and people recognized it at once and were very much pleased4 ,his father said he would take him to see an artist in the next village to whom he would show some of ,millet's drawings and find out whether he thought the boy could become an artist4 ,millet took two drawings with him4 ,the first represented two shepherds with their sheep1 one shepherd playing a flute1 the other listening as he watched the sheep nibbling the grass near by4 ,the second drawing was of a man giving bread to a beggar at his door4 ,when the artist 7,mouchel7 saw these drawings he was amazed1 and at first would not believe ,millet had drawn them himself4 ,he said that ,millet would surely be a great painter4 ,this decided the matter1 and ,millet became ,mouchel's pupil4 ,millet studied with the artist not quite two months when his father died1 and he was obliged to return home to take his father's place on the farm as best he could4 ,but the people of the village thought it was too bad for him to give up his painting1 and they determined to help him4 ,so they raised a sum of money for him and sent him back to the artist to study1 and finally to the great city of ,paris1 ,france4 ,at ,paris he became the pupil of a fashionable painter of that day4 ,when he entered the class1 a green peasant boy1 the other pupils laughed at him1 but when they saw his work they admired it very much4 ,however1 they did not care for the people he painted1 for he always pictured the poor ,french peasants whom he knew and loved best4 ,the very paintings we prize so highly now were not appreciated then1 and it was not easy for ,millet to sell them4 ,he was very poor until the last ten years of his life4 ,then people began to give him the honor and praise that he so much deserved4 ,then too with his increasing fame came better financial conditions4 ,in #ahfg he received a medal and the blue ribbon of the ,legion of ,honor4 ,soon afterward the death of a dear artist friend made ,millet fall ill4 ,he never recovered his health and died a few years later4 ,questions about the artist4 ,who painted this picture8 ,how old was he when he started to school8 ,tell about his first day at school4 ,how did he get along at school8 ,what did he study with the priest8 ,what did he read at home8 ,how did he surprise his grandmother8 ,where did he draw his picture8 ,what else did he draw8 ,of whom did he draw a picture as he was coming home from church8 ,why must it have looked like the man8 ,where did ,millet's father take him8 ,what two drawings did they take with them8 ,what did the artist think about these drawings8 ,what did he say about ,millet8 ,why did ,millet return home8 ,what did his neighbors do for him8 ,who laughed at him in the city8 ,how did they feel when they saw what he could do8 ,why could he not sell all his pictures8 ,when were they appreciated8 ,why are they so valuable now8 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illustration3 ,,the ,,broken ,,pitcher ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,the ,,broken ,,pitcher ,questions to arouse interest4 ,where is this young girl8 ,why do you think so8 ,what do you see in the background that tells you so8 ,what has happened8 ,why does she look so serious8 ,does she look frightened1 or just sorry8 ,what is she carrying on her arm8 ,what is she carrying in her apron8 ,how is she dressed8 ,how is her hair combed8 ,what do you see in her hair8 ,what is pinned on her dress8 ,how old do you think she is8 ,why do you think you would like her8 ,original ,picture3 ,louvre 7lvr'7 ,gallery1 ,paris1 ,france4 ,artist3 ,jean ,baptiste ,greuze 7grz74 ,birthplace3 ,tournus 7,trns71 ,france4 ,dates3 ,born1 #agbe2 died1 #ahje4 ,the story of the picture4 ,one glance at this picture tells us what has happened1 and why the little girl looks so serious4 ,on her arm she carries a quaint old pitcher which she has just broken4 ,it looks as though she were dressed for a party1 for there are flowers in her hair1 a bouquet on her dress1 and flowers in her apron4 ,perhaps she had picked the flowers and was getting the water so that she could place the pitcher full of blossoms on the table4 ,she may have gathered up all the broken pieces in her apron1 hoping that the pitcher can be mended4 ,we are sure that it must have been a pitcher that she prized very highly and hopes to save1 for she still holds it4 ,but surely it is not customary to take such a good pitcher to the fountain2 a tin pail or a jug would be so much safer4 ,it must be that there is company at her home4 ,she must have caught up the pitcher from the table and hurried away1 impatient to be back with her friends4 ,in her haste she may have slipped and fallen4 ,now she must go home1 and they will all know what has happened4 ,she stands still a moment1 trying to think how to tell them2 she does not know just how it did happen1 or whether she was really to blame or not4 ,had the board she stepped on not been slippery1 or the pitcher not quite so heavy1 and if she had not been in a hurry1 all would have been well4 ,of one thing she is certain--she did not do it purposely4 ,she wishes she had brought an old pitcher or a pail2 but it is of no use to think about that now--the mischief is done4 ,and somehow we feel sure she will not be punished or even scolded very much4 ,what a very pretty girl she is1 with just such a sweet face as the artist ,greuze always loved to paint4 ,in the original painting she has blue eyes1 light hair1 pink cheeks1 very red lips1 and her dress is white4 ,in the background we see the old stone fountain1 the cool water flowing in a steady stream from the mouth of the rudely carved head4 ,what interesting tales that fountain could tell of the rich and the poor who pass that way each day2 of the many little acts of courtesy and kindness it has seen2 of the thirsty1 the wasteful and careless1 the happy and the sad people it has known and served4 ,,the ,,fountain ,through the earth a tiny streamlet ,pushed its way so clear and cool1 ,shot right up where all could see it ,and at length it formed a pool4 ,people1 passing stopped to taste it ,and it quenched their thirst so soon ,that they said1 8,let's build a fountain10 ,and to all it proved a boon4 ,rich and poor came there to seek it1 ,came with pails and pitchers too4 ,but the streamlet still flowed strongly ,whether many came or few4 ,years passed on and still the fountain ,gave to all its nectar sweet2 ,gave it freely to all comers1 ,and it always proved a treat4 ,so it gleamed with those in gladness ,as it moaned for those too sad4 ,did its very best to help them1 ,soothed them with the strength it had4 ,come1 then1 tarry by this fountain1 ,learn its lesson ere you go4 ,can we do as much for others8 ,can we help them1 friend or foe8 ,questions to help the pupil understand the picture4 ,what color is this young girl's dress8 her eyes8 her hair8 her cheeks8 ,how do you think she would look if she smiled8 ,why does she look so serious8 ,how do you suppose she happened to come to the fountain8 ,why did she hurry8 ,what makes you think she wanted to keep this pitcher8 ,why do you think they will not scold her8 ,what kind of a fountain is it8 ,from what does the water flow8 ,how many have watched the people who come to a fountain for water8 ,why do you think the fountain could tell us some interesting stories if it could talk8 ,to the ,teacher3 ,have the pupils illustrate the story of the little girl going for water4 ,use charcoal and manila paper4 ,the story of the artist4 ,jean ,baptiste ,greuze was born at ,tournus1 ,france1 in #agbe4 ,when1 as a small boy1 he began to show decided talent for drawing1 his father was very much disappointed4 ,he wanted his boy to pursue some more profitable profession1 for1 as he said1 it was only the few who won fame and wealth as artists2 the rest starved4 ,however1 the boy persevered and finally was permitted to study with an artist friend of the family4 ,this artist became much interested in him1 and when1 some months later1 he moved to ,paris1 he persuaded the father to allow ,greuze to go with him4 ,here the study was continued1 ,greuze receiving special instruction in the painting of heads4 ,his greatest delight was in painting heads of children and of old men1 and 8,greuze heads0 soon became famous4 ,then1 too1 he painted many pictures from the ,bible1 and at one time he was ambitious to become a historical painter4 ,it was then he went to ,rome to study the paintings of the famous masters there4 ,his first painting to bring him fame was 8,a ,father ,explaining the ,scriptures to ,his ,family40 ,our picture1 8,the ,broken ,pitcher0 is one of the best known and most popular of his paintings4 ,questions about the artist4 ,who painted this picture8 ,of what nationality was he8 ,why did his father not want him to become an artist8 ,what did the boy persist in doing8 ,who helped him8 ,where did he go to continue his study8 ,what did he paint most8 what other subjects8 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illustration3 ,,madame ,,lebrun ,,and ,,her ,,daughter ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,madame ,,lebrun ,,and ,,her ,,daughter ,questions to arouse interest4 ,what do you see in this picture8 ,what relation are these two to each other8 ,why do you think so8 ,how are they dressed8 ,why do you suppose they look so happy8 ,how could ,madame ,lebrun paint this picture of herself8 ,from what direction does the light come8 ,why do you like the picture8 ,original ,picture3 ,the ,louvre1 ,paris1 ,france4 ,artist3 ,madame ,vige-,lebrun 7l br,n74 ,birthplace3 ,paris1 ,france4 ,dates3 ,born1 #agee2 died1 #ahdb4 ,the story of the picture4 ,probably we think we know just how we look and yet ,i wonder how many of us could tell it to an artist so plainly that he would be able to paint our portrait4 ,perhaps at best all we could tell him would be that his picture did not look like us1 though without knowing why4 ,but it is true that many great artists have painted their own portraits1 and very good likenesses they are1 too4 ,in some ways it ought to be easy1 for as they are their own models they can sit for their pictures as often and as long as they wish4 ,madame ,lebrun had been planning for some time perhaps to paint a portrait of herself4 ,then1 just as she was all ready and seated in front of a long mirror1 the door had opened suddenly and in had come her little daughter4 ,with a hop and a jump she had thrown herself into her mother's arms4 ,then with her arms still about her mother's neck1 she had happened to think of the mirror1 and half turning there she had seen herself held close in her mother's embrace4 ,madame ,lebrun realized at once what a lovely picture it would make1 and so she began to paint it4 ,how much they resemble each other6 ,the little girl's name was ,jeanne ,julie ,louise ,lebrun1 and she must have been very lovely indeed4 ,her mother tells us1 8,she was charming in every respect4 ,her large blue eyes sparkling with spirit1 her slightly tip-tilted nose1 her pretty mouth1 magnificent teeth1 a dazzling fresh complexion1 all went to make up one of the sweetest faces to be seen40 ,she did not care to draw and paint as her mother did1 but she loved to write stories4 ,how proud of her lovely mother she seems to be6 ,and indeed she ought to look proud1 and happy too1 for perhaps there never was a little girl more petted and loved4 ,imagine how proud she must have felt that her mother was such a great artist1 and painted beautiful pictures which every one admired and which1 with her pleasant ways1 made her one of the most beloved women in ,france4 ,the light in the picture seems to come from a window at the left-hand side and to fall directly upon the faces of the mother and child4 ,so interested are we in them we do not realize that there is no landscape background1 only a suggestion of a curtain or screen against which the two faces stand out clearly4 ,the mother is dressed in white1 the daughter in a blue which matches her merry blue eyes4 ,to us these two can never grow sad or old1 and we are glad ,madame ,lebrun looked in her mirror and gave us this beautiful picture4 ,,madame ,,lebrun ,,and ,,her ,,daughter ,once a mirror1 tall and stately1 ,caught an image1 held it safely1 ,gleamed and glistened1 ,dreamed and listened1 ,while the artist1 glancing in it1 ,glanced again1 and smiled within it1 ,thought and pondered1 ,sought and wondered4 ,as she sat thus at her mirror1 ,came a vision of one dearer1 ,danced and shouted1 ,pranced and pouted4 ,quickly threw her arms about her1 ,clasped her closely--'twas her daughter1 ,light and airy1 ,sprite and fairy4 ,both into the mirror glancing1 ,saw at once the sight entrancing1 ,glanced and smiling1 ',tranced1 beguiling4 ,then the artist seized her brushes1 ,for her paints the daughter rushes3 ,sought1 and bringing1 ,brought them1 singing4 ,and the artist1 painting quickly1 ,paints until the light grows sickly4 ,starts and lingers1 ,parts tired fingers4 ,when at last the work was ended1 ,all the critics called it 8splendid40 ,fame and honors ,came as donors4 ,questions to help the pupil understand the picture4 ,how did ,madame ,lebrun paint this picture of herself8 ,who came running into the room8 ,why do you think the mother was glad she came8 ,what made her think of painting her daughter1 too8 ,what is the color of her daughter's hair8 her eyes8 ,what is the daughter's name8 ,what did she like to do8 ,what is the color of her dress8 of her mother's8 ,why should she be so proud of her mother8 ,the story of the artist4 ,madame ,lebrun began to draw and paint when she was not as old as the little daughter we see in the picture4 ,her father was her teacher4 ,one day when she was only seven years old she surprised him by drawing a picture of a man with a long beard1 which was so good that he said1 8,you will be a great painter1 my child1 if ever there has been one40 ,she always remembered this1 and when she was sent away to the convent to school she drew just as much and as often as she could4 ,her notebooks were full of drawings which were so well done they were kept in the convent to show to visitors4 ,after she returned home she began to paint in earnest4 ,her father had many artist friends1 and when they came to the house she loved to sit quietly in a corner and listen to their talk about great pictures and artists4 ,it was not very long before she was painting pictures which brought her great praise and honor4 ,about this time her father died1 and later on her mother married again4 ,the stepfather was a rich man1 but he was very stingy1 and insisted upon her giving him all the money she earned4 ,by this time her fame had spread over the country1 and people came from far and near to have her paint their portraits4 ,she married a man who was a picture dealer and who1 although she had not known it1 was a reckless gambler4 ,she was obliged to give him most of the money she earned to pay his debts4 ,after a time she left him1 taking her lovely little daughter with her4 ,she had a studio of her own where she could work1 and entertain her friends1 and there she lived and worked very happily with her little daughter4 ,one evening ,madame ,lebrun went to the theater and when the curtain went up1 there on a large easel on the stage was one of her paintings4 ,when the people saw it they all stood up and waved and cheered while they looked toward the artist1 who was seated in a box4 ,madame ,lebrun was so surprised she almost forgot to smile and bow to them4 ,the king and queen sent for her to come and paint their portraits4 ,day after day the royal carriage would come to take her to the palace to paint the queen1 ,marie ,antoinette1 and her children4 ,those were happy days for her4 ,a very short time after this picture was painted the dreadful ,french ,revolution broke out4 ,the poor people of ,france1 who had been treated very badly by the rich1 rebelled and tried to kill or drive away all the rich people4 ,madame ,lebrun had always been friends with the rich people1 so it was not safe for her to stay in ,paris1 either4 ,one evening she dressed her little daughter in a ragged dress and bonnet to make her look like a poor peasant child4 ,she herself wore an old dress1 with a handkerchief over her head to hide her face like a veil4 ,they slipped quietly out of the house and into an omnibus that was waiting for them and drove as quickly as possible through the crowded streets1 out of the city4 ,no one recognized them1 and they went to ,italy1 where they traveled about the country for many years4 ,mother and daughter were very popular and were entertained royally wherever they went4 ,but ,madame ,lebrun never laid aside her painting4 ,even when she was eighty years old she painted a beautiful portrait of her little niece1 who must have reminded her of the little daughter in this picture4 ,questions about the artist4 ,what did ,madame ,lebrun do when she was a little girl8 ,who was her teacher8 ,of whom did she draw a picture to surprise her father8 ,what did he say of it8 ,what did this make her do8 ,why were her notebooks treasured at the convent8 ,tell about her stepfather4 ,tell what happened at the theater4 ,what king and queen sent for her to paint their portraits8 ,why did she and her daughter leave ,paris8 ,how did they escape8 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illustration3 ,,an ,,old ,,monarch ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,an ,,old ,,monarch ,questions to arouse interest4 ,of what is this a picture8 ,where do you suppose he is8 ,in what countries do lions live wild8 ,how many have seen a lion at the park or circus8 ,why do they have such strong cages8 ,on what are they fed8 ,on what do lions live in their own country8 ,how many of you have watched trained lions8 ,why does this lion look so gentle1 do you suppose8 ,notice the size of his eyes and ears4 ,original ,picture3 ,private ,collection1 ,w4 ,h4 ,vanderbilt1 ,new ,york4 ,artist3 ,rosa ,bonheur 7bonr7 ,birthplace3 ,bordeaux1 ,france4 ,dates3 ,born1 #ahbb2 died1 #ahii4 ,the story of the picture4 ,after ,rosa ,bonheur had painted horses1 cows1 and other tame animals a great many times1 she began to want to paint wild animals1 such as tigers and bears4 ,she could not go to the far-away countries where they live1 so she bought a lion and lioness from a man who had been there4 ,these she kept in a very strong cage of heavy iron bars4 ,here she came to watch them every day4 ,this is one of the pictures she painted of the lion4 ,she called him 8,nero10 and was so kind to him that after a while he became quite tame4 ,the lioness was always wild1 but good old ,nero soon became so gentle that ,rosa ,bonheur could pet him and even go into his cage4 ,how wise he looks6 ,he seems to know the great artist is painting his picture4 ,no doubt he could tell us wonderful stories of the country he came from4 ,he could tell us of the big cave in the great rock where he lived1 and of that pool of water where he drank4 ,then he could tell us of the tall1 sweet-smelling grasses and rushes in the jungles where he could hide from his enemies and surprise them1 and how he walked about the marshes on dark nights2 for he can see at night as well as in the daytime4 ,one day ,rosa ,bonheur had to go away on a long journey4 ,she did not know just what to do with the lions1 but finally sent them to the park1 where a man took good care of them4 ,nero did nothing but walk back and forth in his cage all day long while his mistress was away4 ,he refused to eat anything the man gave him1 and by the time ,rosa ,bonheur returned home the lion was very sick4 ,as soon as he saw her he showed how pleased he was4 ,she spent many days taking care of him1 and finally ,nero was well again4 ,he never wanted any one else to come near him4 ,a few months later1 ,rosa ,bonheur had to go away again4 ,she was very much worried about leaving ,nero1 but finally she found a man with whom she was not afraid to trust him4 ,as soon as she was gone1 however1 gentle old ,nero became very cross and ugly4 ,he growled at the keeper1 and tried to hurt him4 ,one day the keeper had to go into the cage to fix something4 ,with a fierce growl ,nero sprang at him and tried to kill him4 ,in the struggle the lion was badly hurt4 ,when ,rosa ,bonheur came home she found ,nero very sick and going blind4 ,no one dared to go near his cage1 but as soon as he heard her voice he was the old faithful ,nero again4 ,when ,rosa went into his cage he put his great head in her lap and seemed happy to have her pet him4 ,every one was surprised to see how much he loved her4 ,rosa ,bonheur did everything for him she could1 hoping her pet would get well again1 but a few days later he died1 his head in her lap4 ,rosa missed her pet very much1 and after that she never cared to own another lion4 ,she gave the lioness to the city to keep in the park4 ,she was very glad she had painted so many good pictures of ,nero1 for it made her feel as if she still had her pet with her4 ,questions to help the pupil understand the picture4 ,whose lion was this8 ,how did she get him8 ,why did she want a lion8 ,how many did she have8 ,how did the lioness behave8 ,what was this lion's name8 ,how tame was he8 ,whom did he like best8 ,what happened when ,rosa ,bonheur went away on a journey8 ,who took care of the lions8 ,what did ,nero do8 ,how did he act when ,rosa ,bonheur came back8 ,what did she do8 ,what happened the second time she went away8 upon her return8 ,why did ,rosa ,bonheur not care to have another lion8 ,why was she glad she had painted this picture8 ,to the ,teacher3 ,the children may draw a picture of a lion4 ,use manila paper and charcoal4 ,call attention to the large1 bushy head1 cat-like body1 and long1 waving tail4 ,the story of the artist4 ,rosa ,bonheur's father was an artist1 and when any one asked her who taught her to draw1 she always said1 8,my father taught me40 ,her mother could play the piano very well indeed1 but ,rosa did not care so much for that study4 ,when ,rosa was sent to school she had to walk some distance through the woods to the schoolhouse4 ,sometimes she would stop and smooth the dust in the road with her hand1 and then draw pictures in it4 ,she used a stick to draw with4 ,even then she liked to draw pictures of animals best of all4 ,often she had such good times drawing that she even forgot to go to school4 ,her father thought he could make a better living in ,paris1 so the family moved to that great city4 ,the first place they lived was up several flights of stairs and across the street from a butcher's shop4 ,this shop had for a sign a wild boar rudely carved out of wood4 ,rosa missed her old pets so much1 and this wild boar looked so much like her little pet pig in the country1 that she used to stop to pat the wooden boar every time she passed that way4 ,a man who lived in the same house with the ,bonheur family kept a small school for boys4 ,rosa's two brothers went to this school1 and after a while the teacher said ,rosa might go too4 ,she was the only girl in the school1 but she did not mind that at all4 ,the boys were glad to have her with them1 for she knew more games than they and played just like one of them4 ,her father did not do so well with his painting as he had hoped1 so they moved into a cheaper house4 ,it was here that ,rosa's mother died4 ,the little sister1 ,juliette1 was then sent to her grandmother1 and ,rosa went to live with an aunt4 ,the aunt sent her to school1 and it was at this time that she used to stop on the way to the schoolhouse to draw pictures in the dust on the road4 ,so she did not get along very well with her aunt and the teacher and was delighted when her father told her she might come home4 ,all the children loved animals1 and there are a great many stories told about those that were kept in their house4 ,rosa's brother ,isidore had a little lamb which he would carry down six nights of stairs every morning1 so that it might nibble the green grass and be out in the fresh air4 ,it became a great pet1 and all the children drew its picture in ever so many different positions4 ,besides the lamb1 they had a parrot1 a monkey1 two dogs1 rabbits1 and birds4 ,their father let the children keep these pets in a room fitted up especially for them4 ,rosa's father was teaching in a private school at this time1 and was away from home all day2 but when he came home at night ,rosa would show him what she had been doing while he was gone4 ,once she had been painting cherries1 and her father came in while she was working on them4 ,he praised her very much1 and helped her finish the painting4 ,in the evening ,rosa and her two brothers and her father used to put their easels in different parts of the big room and draw and paint until it was quite late4 ,they would all much rather do this than anything else in the world1 and it was the only time their father had in which to help them4 ,the father belonged to a religious order called the 8,saint ,simonians40 ,the members wore queer gowns and bonnets with long tassels4 ,rosa wore such a bonnet with a big tassel1 and sometimes the boys would shout and laugh at her1 but she paid no attention to that4 ,later the father got a position in another private school1 earning enough to send his three children there as pupils and to give them everything they needed at home4 ,rosa did not behave very well in school4 ,she liked to cut queer figures out of paper1 figures that looked like some of the teachers or pupils4 ,then she would fasten them to a string1 put some moist bread on the other end1 and throw it up to the ceiling of the schoolroom4 ,the bread would stick to the ceiling and there those dreadful figures must dangle until some one came with a ladder and took them down4 ,she was punished very often1 and sometimes to make her behave she was given nothing to eat but bread and water4 ,although she did such things every one liked her1 for she was good-hearted and kind and full of fun4 ,but finally she did something that could not be overlooked4 ,this is what she did4 ,the lady who kept the school was very fond of flowers1 and above all she loved the stately hollyhock4 ,she had a beautiful bed of hollyhocks in the front yard of the school that was very much admired by all who passed4 ,one day when ,rosa had been reading in her school history about a war1 she thought it would be fine fun to arrange a great battle in the yard between the girls4 ,they used wooden sticks for swords4 ,very soon ,rosa's side drove their enemies toward the hollyhock bed1 where they turned and fled4 ,seeing the hollyhocks standing guard like soldiers1 ,rosa thought it would be fun to charge upon them1 which she did1 cutting off all their heads4 ,is it any wonder she was sent home in disgrace8 ,her father then sent her to a dressmaker to see if she could learn that trade1 but ,rosa did not like dressmaking1 and finally went home without having learned very much4 ,then some friends gave her some photographs to color1 and this she liked to do4 ,next ,rosa was asked to teach drawing to a girl who was some years younger than herself4 ,this girl lived in a beautiful home which had a large gallery full of fine pictures4 ,the floor of this gallery was waxed1 and after ,rosa had looked at the pictures the two amused themselves by sliding on the waxed floor until it was time for ,rosa to go home4 ,so her father had to give up all idea of making her a teacher4 ,he knew that the only thing to do was to let her paint1 for that she loved to do and could do well4 ,rosa was willing to walk miles in all kinds of weather1 to sit hours in all kinds of uncomfortable positions1 and to go without food1 in order to draw a good picture of some animal4 ,now she began her study of animals in earnest4 ,she went to all the country horse fairs1 to the slaughter houses1 and everywhere she could to study them4 ,rosa never had very pretty clothes4 ,she tells us herself that one day a parrot called after her1 8,ha1 ha6 ,that hat60 ,now that she was grown up she found she could not get about very easily in her long skirts4 ,there were so many rough men in the packing houses and other places she must go to study that she got a permit to wear men's clothing4 ,her hair was short anyway1 and so with her blue working blouse and dark trousers she looked just like a man4 ,then no one noticed her as she went about1 for they thought her only one of the workmen4 ,her pictures became famous the world over4 ,the first she exhibited was one of some little rabbits nibbling carrots4 ,from all over the country she received gifts of fine horses and other animals for her to paint4 ,buffalo ,bill once sent her two fine horses from ,texas4 ,she bought a farm1 and had a large barn built where she could keep her animals4 ,how proud her father was of her6 ,one day as she was working hard in her studio a servant came to tell her that the ,empress ,eugnie had come to see her4 ,it was a great event when this royal lady came to the artist's studio1 and there was ,rosa dressed in her old blue blouse covered with paint6 ,she did not have time to slip it off1 even1 before the empress came in4 ,they had a most delightful visit1 however1 and as the ,empress ,eugnie bent over and kissed ,rosa ,bonheur1 she pinned the ,cross of the ,legion of ,honor on the artist's blue blouse4 ,rosa did not notice it until after the empress was gone4 ,how pleased she must have been1 for she was the first woman to receive that high honor4 ,questions about the artist4 ,who painted this picture8 ,in what country did she live8 ,who taught her to paint8 ,what did her father do for a living8 ,what could her mother do8 ,why was ,rosa sometimes late to school8 ,where did they move8 ,what kind of a house did they live in8 ,tell about the wild boar2 the school for boys4 ,why did they move again8 ,what happened here8 ,where were the children sent8 ,why did ,rosa want to come back8 ,tell about ,isidore and the lamb4 ,what other pets did the children have8 ,where did they keep them8 ,what did ,rosa do while her father was away8 ,what did they all like to do in the evening8 ,tell about the ,saint ,simon cap ,rosa sometimes wore4 ,how did she behave in school8 ,what did she do that made them send her away8 ,what trade did her father want her to learn8 ,how did she succeed at this8 ,what did she like to do8 ,what kind of a teacher was ,rosa8 ,where did she go to study animals8 ,when she was older1 why did she wear men's clothes8 ,what were some of the presents she received8 ,tell about the visit of ,empress ,eugnie4 ,what did the empress give ,rosa8 ,why was this such a great honor8 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illustration3 ,,penelope ,,boothby ,,or ,,the ,,mob ,,cap ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,penelope ,,boothby ,,or ,,the ,,mob ,,cap ,questions to arouse interest4 ,where do you think this little girl is sitting8 ,does she look as if she were sitting still or moving8 ,do you think she is happy1 sad1 full of fun1 or mischievous8 ,what has she on her head8 ,how is her hair combed8 ,how is she dressed8 ,what has she on her hands8 ,in what way is she different from the little girls we know8 ,what can you see behind her8 ,how many like this picture8 why8 ,original ,picture3 ,mrs4 ,thwaite's ,private ,collection4 ,artist3 ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds 7rnldz74 ,birthplace3 ,plympton1 ,england4 ,dates3 ,born1 #agbc2 died1 #agib4 ,the story of the picture4 ,this quaint little ,penelope ,boothby1 sitting so prim with her queer cap and black silk mitts1 looks as if she knows a secret that pleases her very much4 ,perhaps that dress she is wearing is long1 and she is pretending she is some great lady who has just come to call upon the artist1 ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds4 ,it must have been fun to walk about his great yard1 with her long dress sweeping over the soft green grass4 ,it looks as if the artist had lifted her into the window of his studio1 and painted her as she sat there4 ,the half mischievous look on her face makes us think she will jump down and run out among the trees at any moment4 ,we wonder what makes her look so pleased4 ,perhaps ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds is telling her a story--maybe the one about his father4 ,he lived in the country and one day decided to go to town on horseback4 ,it had rained very hard1 and the roads were muddy1 so he wore high-topped boots4 ,these boots were a little large for him1 and as he rode along1 swinging his feet1 for he was riding bareback1 one of his boots fell off4 ,he was thinking of other things1 and did not miss his boot until he rode into town and wanted to go into the store4 ,imagine how he must have felt when he discovered his loss4 8,one boot on and one boot off1 ,how the neighbors laugh and scoff2 ,such an absent-minded man ,ne'er was seen since the world began40 ,or perhaps ,sir ,joshua was telling her about his friend1 the sea captain named ,admiral ,keppel1 with whom he took that wonderful trip across the sea4 ,but best of all she would like to hear the story of that strange little ,italian boy he met in ,rome4 ,one day a little fellow had offered to be ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds's guide about the great city4 ,he was so small1 ragged1 and dirty that ,sir ,joshua gave him some money and told him to run away4 ,but the little fellow smiled happily1 showing all his white teeth2 his dark eyes fairly danced1 he was so eager to show the artist what a good guide he could be4 ,all that day he followed ,sir ,joshua1 and as he had lived in ,rome all his life1 he knew all about the city and could tell the great painter many interesting things4 ,the next morning ,sir ,joshua found the boy sitting on his doorstep waiting for him4 ,he let the little fellow carry his paints and brushes1 and off they started4 ,and so it happened every day1 until finally one day ,sir ,joshua gave the boy an easel1 and some paints and brushes1 and taught him how to paint4 ,and oh1 how pleased the little boy was then6 ,he had a very strange name4 ,it was ,giuseppe ,marchi4 ,after he had been with ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds a week you would hardly have recognized the boy1 dressed in a fine new suit of clothes the artist had bought for him1 and painting pictures which were very good indeed4 ,then the time came for ,sir ,joshua to start for home2 but ,giuseppe ,marchi was not to be left behind4 ,at that time ,sir ,joshua was not a very wealthy man1 and when they were still three hundred miles from ,paris he counted his money and found he had only enough to pay his own fare2 so he had to say good-by to poor ,giuseppe ,marchi4 ,in ,paris1 ,sir ,joshua had a good friend with whom he could stay4 ,imagine his surprise one morning to find ,giuseppe ,marchi sitting on the doorstep of this friend's house6 ,the boy had walked all those miles1 and had at last found his dear master4 ,so then of course ,sir ,joshua brought him on home with him4 ,perhaps1 just when ,sir ,joshua was telling ,penelope this part of the story1 ,giuseppe ,marchi himself came into the room1 for he lived with the artist all the rest of his life1 and helped him paint part of his pictures1 too4 ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds spoke of him as 8an angel sent from ,god to help me do my work40 ,when the artist painted this picture little girls must have worn caps like this1 for we see them in some of his other pictures1 too4 ,they were called 8mob caps40 ,nearly a hundred years after this picture was painted a great party was given in ,london for the children4 ,all were to wear fancy dresses to represent some person of whom the rest should guess the identity4 ,one little girl dressed as 8,penelope ,boothby40 ,she had a cap just like this one1 a handkerchief worn like this1 and a pair of black silk mitts4 ,every one knew at once whom she represented1 and she was so much admired that the next day she was taken to another great artist1 ,millais4 ,he painted a beautiful picture of the little girl holding some cherries in her hands1 and called his picture 8,cherry ,ripe40 ,questions to help the pupil understand the picture4 ,what is this little girl's name8 ,what do you suppose she has been playing8 ,where is she sitting8 why8 ,what stories could ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds tell her8 ,tell the story of his father and the high-topped boots2 of the little ,italian boy4 ,why did ,sir ,joshua send the boy away at first8 ,what did the boy do for ,sir ,joshua8 ,what happened the next morning8 ,what did they do every day after that8 ,what did ,sir ,joshua teach the boy to do8 ,what made the boy look so different after a week8 ,when ,sir ,joshua started home1 what did the boy do8 ,why could he not go all the way8 ,how did he manage to follow the artist8 ,what did ,sir ,joshua do for the boy then8 ,where was the boy when ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds was telling this story8 ,how did the artist often speak of this ,italian boy8 ,why do you think ,penelope ,boothby would like to hear this story8 ,does she look as if she were listening1 or talking8 ,why do you think you would like to know her8 ,to the ,teacher3 ,ask a little girl to pose as ,penelope ,boothby4 ,she may be seated upon a table and drawn side view4 ,other pictures may be drawn illustrating the story of a little girl dressed in a long dress and walking proudly among the trees2 or of the artist and his little ,italian guide4 ,use manila paper and charcoal4 ,work for action4 ,the story of the artist4 ,when ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds was a little boy it was decided that he should become a doctor4 ,his father and mother set their hearts upon it1 and resolved to help him in every way4 ,though he loved to draw1 it did not seem then as if he would ever become an artist1 for his five brothers and sisters could all draw better than he4 ,the children used so much paper and so many pencils that finally the father told them they might draw upon the whitewashed walls in the hall of their house4 ,they used burnt sticks for pencils4 ,it must have been quite as much fun as to draw with white chalk on the blackboard4 ,little ,joshua's drawings were so funny that the older children always laughed when they saw them and called him the clown4 ,but he did not care2 he just kept on drawing until one day he drew a picture which was really very good4 ,it was of their schoolhouse and he drew it with a pencil on paper4 ,it was so well drawn that every one praised it1 and he was very proud indeed4 ,he was only seven years old1 and this praise pleased him so much that he kept thinking of it all the time4 ,that day at school he covered his number paper with drawings of things about the room4 ,his father taught the school1 and you can imagine how he felt when his son handed in a paper which he could not read because of the drawings all over it4 ,he began to fear ,joshua would never make a good doctor or business man1 so he wrote at the top of the paper1 8,done by ,joshua out of pure idleness40 ,one day a man came to their town who could draw any person's picture while he waited4 ,then1 too1 he could cut a silhouette picture or side view of the face out of black paper4 ,joshua followed him about all day1 and the two became great friends4 ,the artist gave ,joshua lessons and the boy soon learned to draw as well as his teacher4 ,we are told that it was through the friendship of this strolling artist that a rich man's attention was called to ,joshua's wish to be an artist1 and this rich man finally persuaded the father to let ,joshua go to ,london to study4 ,it was about this time1 too1 that while at church he drew a picture of the minister on his thumb nail4 ,from this tiny sketch he painted a large portrait on a piece of sail which he found on the river bank near an old boathouse4 ,his paints were some the sailors used to paint their boats4 ,when his father saw this portrait1 which was so very like the minister1 he knew that his son would surely be a great artist1 and he gave up all thought of trying to make a doctor of him4 ,in ,london1 ,reynolds studied painting in earnest1 and wrote home1 8,while ,i am doing this1 ,i am the happiest creature alive40 ,he painted the portraits of several well-known men1 and soon became very popular4 ,then came ,admiral ,keppel and the wonderful voyage on the ship which he commanded4 ,upon ,sir ,joshua's return home he painted a fine portrait of his friend1 the ,admiral1 which every one wanted to see many times4 ,it was not long before ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds became a rich man1 and bought a beautiful home with a large yard full of beautiful trees4 ,his sister came to keep house for him1 and later his little niece ,offy came to live with him4 ,he loved children dearly1 and always kept pets and playthings for them4 ,he entertained them so happily that they always wanted to come to see him4 ,questions about the artist4 ,what did ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds's father and mother want him to be when he grew up8 ,how many brothers and sisters did he have8 ,how did his drawings compare with theirs8 ,why did they not draw with paper and pencils8 ,where were they allowed to draw8 ,what did they call ,joshua8 ,of what did he make his first good picture8 ,what did people say about it8 ,how old was he then8 ,how did he spoil his number paper8 ,what did his father write at the top of his paper8 ,tell about the strolling artist and what he did for ,joshua4 ,tell about ,joshua's portrait of the minister4 ,what did his father decide after seeing this portrait8 ,what else did ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds do8 ,tell about his house and yard4 ,what kind of pictures did he paint8 ,why do you think he was considered a great artist8 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,the ,,suggestions ,,to ,,teachers ,studying the picture4 ,several days before the lesson is to be taken up1 the picture to be studied should be placed where every pupil can see it4 ,first of all1 the children should find out for themselves what is in the picture4 ,the questions accompanying the story of each picture are intended to help them to do this4 ,language work4 ,the pupils should be encouraged in class to talk freely and naturally4 ,in this way the lesson becomes a language exercise in which the pupils will gain in freedom of expression and in the ability to form clear mental images4 ,if a lesson does not occupy the entire drawing period1 the children should be asked to retell the story of the picture4 ,dramatization and drawing4 ,most of the stories told by the pictures lend themselves readily to dramatization and1 whenever practicable1 such stories should be acted out4 ,the stories also offer numerous interesting situations that may be used as subjects for drawing lessons4 ,the review lesson4 ,the review lesson should cover all pictures and artists studied throughout the year4 ,at this time other pictures available by the same artists should be on exhibition4 ,the review work may be conducted as a contest in which the pictures are held up1 one at a time1 while the class writes the name of the picture and the artist on slips of paper which have been prepared and numbered for that purpose4 ,one teacher who used this device surprised her class by presenting those whose lists were correct with their choice of any of the large-sized ,perry pictures studied4 ,many teachers1 however1 will prefer to use this time for composition work1 although the description of pictures is often given as an ,english lesson4 ,pupils may write a description of their favorite picture4 ,in fact1 the lessons can be made to correlate with history1 geography1 ,english1 spelling1 reading1 or nature study4 ,in any event the real purpose of the work is that the pupils shall become so familiar with the pictures that they will recognize them as old friends whenever and wherever they may see them4 ,it is hoped that acquaintance with the picture and the interest awakened by its story will grow into a fuller appreciation and understanding of the artist's work4 ,thus the children will have many happy hours and will learn to love the good1 the true1 and the beautiful in everything about them4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,transcriber's ,notes3 ,the phonetic pronunciation for two of the painters' names include the characters o4 ,the diacritial mark is an up-tack and should appear on top of the vowel4 ,this combination doesn't appear in any common character set1 so they have been set separately4 ,missing or obscured punctuation was silently corrected4 ,typographical errors were silently corrected4 ,inconsistent spelling and hyphenation were made consistent only when a predominant form was found in this book4 ,the use of a caret 77 before a letter1 or letters1 shows that the following letter or letters was intended to be a superscript1 as in ,st ,bartholomew or #ajth ,century4 ,text that was in italics is enclosed by underscores 7italics72 text that was bold by 8equal0 signs 7bold74