,,introduction ,,to ,,our ,,bird ,,fri5ds ,,volume #b ,text by ,l4 ,b4 ,c>son ,illu/rations by ,orville ,o4 ,rice ,copyright1 #aieg ,,by ,,capp] ,,publications1 ,,inc4 ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica ,,=eword ,m & m p are turn+ to ! outdoors & ! enjoym5t ( nature4 ,_m great ,am]icans h be5 /ud5ts ( wild birds4 ,?is is n accid5tal1 = few =ms ( outdoor recreation (f] s mu* pleasure4 ,! season ( ! ye> w 9 "s cases det]m9e :at birds are 9 y\r area4 ,color is important 9 id5tify+ species4 ,look c>efully at ! silh\ette or %ape2 is x sl5d] or *unky1 is ! tail %ort or long8 ,comp>e its size ) a bird ) :i* y are m famili>4 ,habitat is important1 too4 ,"o le>ns to look = ,r$-w+$ ,blackbirds 9 wet m>%es2 = a mead[l>k 9 pa/ures & fields4 ,behavior is a clue4 ,does x walk or hop2 does x so>1 does x walk headfir/ d[n a tree1 z is ! habit ( ! nu?at*1 or scrat* among leaves l ! t[hee8 ,li/5 to ! bird's song & call note4 ,) a little exp]i5ce1 di/9ctive songs may be id5tifi$4 ,ea* bird has its *>act]i/ic song4 ,bird /udy c be pursu$ ) z mu* ef=t z ! wat*] c>es to ex]t4 ,birds ne$ food1 wat] & protection f _! natural enemies4 ,y c provide ^! 9 y\r own y>d4 ,"s birds w be attract$ & y c /udy !m at y\r leisure4 ,o!r species1 ^? :i* live 9 swamps1 = example1 mu/ be se>*$ = aggressively4 ,a bird guide is a spl5did inve/m5t1 consid]+ ! h\rs ( pleasure x w br+ y4 ,b9ocul>s are a help1 too1 9 /udy+ ! size1 %ape1 beak1 legs & color patt]n4 ,make writt5 notes ( :at y see & he>1 or a dat$ li/ ( species & numb]s ( ea*4 ,records w add to y\r own pleasure & add to ! sum ( k on birds 9 g5]al4 ,?is is ! second booklet on common birds ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates publi%$ by ,capp] ,publications1 ,inc4 ,ea* ( ! two volumes illu/rates & describes #ej diff]5t species4 ,additional copies 7specify :e!r volume ,i or ,,ii is desir$7 may be ord]$ = #be c5ts ea* z foll[s3 ,bird ,book ,dep>tm5t #b ,capp] ,publications1 ,inc4 #h? & ,jackson ,/reets ,topeka1 ,kansas ,:ite ,pelican ,pelecanus ery?rorhyn*os ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,so>+ ov]head dur+ migration1 a flock ( ,:ite ,pelicans is a magnific5t sight4 ,^! great birds weigh z mu* z #ae p\nds1 h a w+spread ( #i feet & a total l5g? ( m ?an #e feet4 ,_! legs are /urdy b %ort1 ! toes fully webb$4 ,! bill is long & flat ) a p\* b5ea? ! l[] m&ible4 ,?ree contra/+ colors make ?is bird easily id5tifi$4 ,! bird is :ite except = ! out] two-?irds ( ! w+s :]e ! end & re> half is black4 ,! bill1 p\* & feet are yell[ or r$di%-yell[4 ,! head is c>ri$ well back1 :i* re/s ! bill & p\* on ! %\ld]s4 ,!y float high on ! wat] & :5 surr\nd$ by ducks & grebes1 !y look l aircraft c>ri]s ) a de/roy] escort4 ,unlike ! small] ,br[n ,pelican1 ^! birds d n dive = _! food1 b =m a l9e1 drive ! fi% to %all[ wat]1 :]e _! built-9 l&+ nets ladle ! small fry out ( ! wat]4 ,_m 8crawdads0 f9d t an op5 p\* is no place to hide :5 ^! birds wave _! op5 beaks back & =? 9 %all[ wat]4 ,pelicans mu/ h orig9at$ ! game ( 8foll[ ! lead]10 = 9 flight1 :atev] ! lead] does1 ea* bird foll[s 9 turn4 ,on mammo? w+s ,!y w5d _! way1 ,on sil5t flight1 ,across ! bay4 ,sn[y ,egret ,leucophoyx ?ula ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,l gho/s f a bloody pa/1 ,sn[y ,egrets h return$ to add _! beauty to ,am]ican bird life4 ,woman's vanity & man's desire = money once br\ght ^! beautiful h]ons almo/ to ! po9t ( ext9ction4 ,! da9ty recurv$ plumes1 :i* =m$ a "p ( ! bre$+ plumage ( ! birds1 7 kn[n z 8cross aigrettes10 :5 !y 7 sold by mill9]s4 ,wom5 b\ght1 m5 slaught]$1 & egrets di$1 n only = ! plumes2 b ! ne/l+s />v$ aft] ! adults 7 kill$4 ,plume hunt]s h dep>t$ & ! birds are n[ f\nd 9 _! favorite swamps4 ,?is bird has a l5g? ( #bj to #be in*es1 :ite ) black bill & legs4 ,! feet are yell[1 giv+ x ! nickname ( 8! bird ) ! gold5 slipp]s40 ,! "y ( ! ,little ,blue ,h]on are also :ite b h gre5i% legs1 :ile ! bill is #b-tone1 blue ) black tip4 ,! ,am]ican ,egret is mu* l>g] & %[s a yell[ bill4 ,! ,sn[y ,egret =m]ly ne/$ 9 ! ,deep ,s\?1 b is gradually ext5d+ its range to include m nor!rn areas4 ,!y are prone to w&] widely aft] ! bre$+ season4 ,we/]n bird]s w f9d ! ,brew/]'s ,sn[y ,egret 9 _! area4 ,) yell[ slipp]s ,& spotless plumes1 ,:i* are m *>m+ ,! brides or grooms8 ,gre5 ,h]on ,butorides viresc5s ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,anyone :o sp5ds "t ne> a lake1 pond or /ream w f9d ?is small h]on1 = x is !re t he secures ! m9n[s1 frogs & crayfi% :i* =m ! major portion ( 8 diet4 ,8 favorite me?od is to /& quietly on a p>tly subm]g$ log :]e fi% are fe$+ )9 rea* ( 8 long neck & bill4 ,a quick ?ru/ & "o c\rse is s]v$4 ,at o!r times y w see him sneak+ c>efully up to ! wat]'s edge1 :]e "s slight ripple indicates ! movem5t ( fi% or frogs4 ,?is bird is small1 measur+ only #af to #bb in*es 9 l5g?1 b appe>s ev5 small] until he ext5ds 8 long *e/nut-color$ neck4 ,at a di/ance he appe>s to be black b a clos] view %[s a blui% or gre5i% t+e to ! fea!rs1 dep5d+ on light+ conditions4 ,8 legs are %ort & range f gre5i% to almo/ orange 9 color1 dep5d+ on ! season4 ,! ,gre5 ,h]on builds a loosely-con/ruct$ ne/1 usually n m ?an #bj feet above ! gr\nd1 b (t5 "s di/ance f wat]4 ,!y are incl9$ to ne/ s+ly1 b may =m loose colonies :5 abundant4 ,! #c to #e eggs are gre5i% 9 color & c usually be se5 ?ru ! frail /ructure :i* ^! birds consid] home4 ,sometimes !y're gre5 ,& sometimes blue ,:5 reflect$ light ,plays tricks on y4 ,canada ,goose ,branta canad5sis ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,!re is some?+ ab\t ! ,canada ,goose t dem&s respect4 ,f>m]s see him z a wea!r prophet = 8 fall flight indicates t w9t] is on ! way1 :ile 8 spr+ migration tells !m t w>m] days w foll[4 ,hunt]s see him z ! prize game bird1 wor?y ( _! be/ ef=ts4 ,o!rs po9t to ?is bird z a model = man1 = 8 /r5g?1 c\rage & fidelity leave little to be desir$4 ,ev5 ! newsboy /ops sell+ pap]s to wat* & li/5 z ^! great birds pass ov] ! cities4 ,am]icans are =tunate1 = at lea/ "o ( ! #e sub-species ( ,canada ,geese is f\nd 9 all areas4 ,!y range f ! ,cackl+ ,goose1 a small d>k sub-species n mu* l>g] ?an a ,mall>d & weigh+ ar\nd #c p\nds1 to ! huge ,we/]n ,canada & ! ,common ,canada ) weights ( #aj p\nds or m4 ,ri*>dson's ,goose at #d p\nds & ! ,less] ,canada at #e p\nds are two small] sub-species bo? light] 9 plumage l ! ,common ,canada4 ,all %[ ! same patt]n3 black head1 neck1 tail1 feet & bill ) a :ite *eek pat* & light belly4 ,back & w+s are br[ni%-gray4 ,! *eek pat* 9 mo/ types is jo9$ b5ea? ! *94 ,! :ite ( ! belly ext5ds ar\nd ! tail1 mak+ ! black tail fea!rs di/9ctive4 ,! gray %[s a b>r$ effect4 ,he comes 9 v>i\s sizes1 ,& raises q a d91 ,b y c always "k him ,by ! /rap b5ea? 8 *94 ,am]ican ,p9tail ,anas acuta ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,?is duck has ! wide/ ne/+ range ( any species 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,an ,am]ican ,p9tail looks mu* ! same :e!r y f9d him 9 ,hawaii1 ,europe1 ,asia1 ,alaska1 ,canada1 ,mexico or on ei!r coa/ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! drake is a l>ge gray-back$1 :ite-brea/$ duck4 ,! :ite ( ! brea/ ext5ds up ! long neck to a po9t back ( ! br[n head2 gray fea!rs ext5d up ! back ( ! neck to ! head4 ,! tail gives a clue to ! "n1 = ! #b c5t] fea!rs are long1 black & po9t$4 ,! female is a mottl$ br[n & %[s a long1 ?9 neck1 blui%-gray feet & a po9t$ b n elongat$ tail4 ,^! birds are /rong fli]s & d mu* ( _! c\rt+ on ! w+1 ! female lead+ a convoy ( males1 ea* try+ to outdo ! o!rs4 ,p]haps %e *ooses ! /ronge/ fli] = h] mate4 ,! male has a :i/l$ note :ile ! female utt]s a muffl$ quack4 ,p9tails fe$ 9 %all[ wat] :]e _! long necks give !m "s advantage ov] ! %ort]-neck$ puddle ducks :i* enjoy ! same habitat4 ,ne/s are plac$ on dry gr\nd & are usually a deep holl[ l9$ ) grasses & d[n4 ,! site is v>iable & might be ne> or f> f wat]1 b ! ,am]ican ,p9tail w g all out to protect h] "y4 ,a flock ( 8sprigs10 ,! hunt]s say1 ,z ^! fla% by ,at break ( day4 ,blue-w+$ ,teal ,anas discors ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,"s p call ?is bird ! 8,summ] ,duck40 ,! fact he arrives late 9 spr+ & dep>ts = 8 w9t] home be=e ! heavy fro/s indicates a desire to evade cold wea!r4 ,mo/ ( ^! ducks are well on _! way to ,mexico or ,s\? ,am]ica :5 o!r species beg9 to arrive f ! ne/+ gr\nds4 ,e>ly migration saves ! lives ( _m ,blue-w+s = hunt]s pref] ?is duck = eat+4 ,_! spe$y flight1 _! erratic twi/+ & turn+1 _! t5d5cy to decoy--all (f] a *all5ge to ! nimrod4 ,! blue w+ pat*1 f :i* ?is duck d]ives its "n1 also is %>$ by ! ,c9namon ,teal :i* replaces ?is bird 9 we/]n areas4 ,%ovell]s also c>ry a simil> m>k+4 ,! r$di% color ( ! male ,c9namon ,teal & ! huge bill ( ! ,%ovell] help di/+ui% ! birds4 ,9 ! eclipse plumage1 bo? male & female ,blue-w+s are mu* alike1 b by ! latt] "p ( ,octob] ! male assumes ! d>k head & tail1 a cresc5t be=e ! eye1 br[n speckl$ body1 back gray-br[n1 :ite pat* on ea* flank ) dull yell[ feet4 ,! bill is blui%-black4 ,! female is br[ni%-gray 9 all plumages4 ,bo? sexes %[ ! blue w+ pat* 9 any plumage4 ,he likes to muddle e puddle ,?is h&some little teal4 ,y'll see him dr$ge along ! s$ge ,= !re he f9ds a meal4 ,ruddy ,duck ,oxyura jamaic5sis ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,?is little duck is kn[n by almo/ #ajj diff]5t names 9 ! areas :]e he is f\nd4 ,b no matt] :at y call him or :]e y f9d him1 he is di/9ctive4 ,no o!r duck except ! ,mask$ ,duck1 :i* is f\nd 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 has ! /iff tail :i* (t5 is c>ri$ erect & fann$ l a m9iature sail4 ,! male has a black or blacki%-br[n cr[n & nape1 dep5d+ on ! season1 :e!r bre$+ or w9t]4 ,! bright-blue bill1 ri* r$di%-*e/nut body & :ite *eek pat* make ! male a beautiful bird 9 bre$+ plumage4 ,9 w+] ! male assumes ! grayi%-br[n color+ ( ! female1 bo? %[+ ! light *eek pat* ) d>k] cr[n & nape4 ,! head1 neck & feet are l>ge = s small a bird4 ,^! ducks are mu* l grebes 9 t !y c dive or s9k into ! wat]1 are almo/ helpless on l&1 & patt] "s di/ance ov] ! wat] be=e tak+ into ! air4 ,ruddy ducks conceal _! ne/s 9 re$s or bulru%es ov] wat]4 ,eggs are l>g] ?an "o w\ld expect to f9d f s small a "m4 ,! male1 unlike mo/ ducks1 seems pr\d to lead 8 little family on _! que/ = food & rema9s ne> :ile ! female incubates4 ,ev]y?+ ab\t a ,ruddy sets him ap>t f o!r ducks4 ,no matt] :at y call him ,he's no?+ l ! re/4 ,& :5 x comes to div+ ,he ranks among ! be/4 ,am]ican ,m]gans] ,m]gus m]gans] ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,_m birds h develop$ beaks :i* help !m secure _! food4 ,! ,am]ican ,m]gans] is no exception4 ,8 beak is long & n>r[ & bo? m&ibles are edg$ ) %>p1 po9t$ tee? :i* are incl9$ backw>d4 ,! tip is cov]$ by a nail or hook design$ = cat*+ & hold+ fi% :i* =m ! major portion ( ?is duck's food4 ,^! birds are exp]t div]s & ! entire flock soon jo9s "o ( its memb]s :i* has locat$ a s*ool ( fi%4 ,bo? r\gh & game fi% are reli%$4 ,! male is a beautiful bird ) 8 r$ bill1 gre5i%-black head1 black back fad+ to an a%y-gray rump & tail4 ,! *e/1 sides & brea/ are :ite & (t5 %[ a p9ki%-salmon t9t4 ,w+s %[ a black & :ite patt]n & ! feet are r$4 ,a l>ge /reaml9$ duck sitt+ l[ 9 ! wat] ) a :ite body & black trim is descriptive4 ,! female has a r$di%-br[n head ) an elongat$ bru%y cre/1 a%y-gray back & :ite belly4 ,!y c be confus$ only ) ! ,r$-brea/$ ,m]gans]1 b 9 ?is case1 bo? male & female are cre/$ & ! male %[s a :ite coll> & r$di% upp] *e/4 ,am]ican ,m]gans]s are rugg$ & l+] z f> nor? z op5 wat] w p]mit secur+ ( food4 ,l arr[s w++ ,f giant b[1 ,y see !m fly+ ,/raight & l[4 ,m>% ,hawk ,circus cyaneus ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,! ,m>% ,hawk is (t5 call$ 8,h>ri]10 & 8 me?od ( hunt+ w\ld ju/ify su* a "n4 ,!y cov] a field l a well-tra9$ dog1 back & =?1 "h & !re1 cruis+ sl[ly ) a delib]ate flap or a sl[ sail on w+s tipp$ a little above ! horizontal4 ,a slight movem5t1 a quick p\nce1 & ano!r field m\se has jo9$ 8 ance/ors4 ,! :ite rump pat* makes a good field m>k1 ei!r on ! gray-plumag$ male or ! br[ni% fea!rs ( ! female or "y4 ,! long w+s & tail make ^! birds appe> l>g] ?an _! l5g? ( #ai to #bb in*es4 ,m>% ,hawks fe$ heavily on rod5ts b include insects1 frogs or birds 9 ! diet4 ,dead animals or birds are n ov]look$1 ?us caus+ ! ,m>% ,hawk to be blam$ = kills :i* he did n make4 ,h>ri]s seem to take pleasure 9 div+ at ea* o!r1 & ! l>g] buteos1 eagles1 vultures1 prairie *ick5s or flocks ( ducks4 ,ne/s are plac$ on ! gr\nd & are hidd5 by %rubs1 we$s or m>%y gr[?4 ,! female sp5ds mu* ( h] "t ) or ne> ! "y :ile ! male is kept busy hunt+ food = 8 gr[+ family4 ,! usual clut* conta9s #e :ite or pale-blue eggs1 lightly m>k$ ) br[n spots4 ,on tireless w+s ,!y scan y\r fields ,9 se>* ( rod5ts ,:i* cut y\r yields4 ,bob:ite ,col9us virg9ianus ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,?is *unky little br[n quail is popul> 9 e region :]e he resides4 ,hunt]s sp5d ?\s&s ( doll>s ea* ye> 9 pursuit ( ?is fea!r$ bomb%ell4 ,f>m]s appreciate hav+ su* an active ally 9 _! fight aga9/ ! hordes ( insects :i* m5ace _! crops4 ,!y enjoy he>+ 8 *e]ful :i/le z !y g ab\t _! daily *ores4 ,bird]s are happy to "k ?is is "o bird :i* (f]s no problem = !y c li/ him by ei!r sight or s\nd4 ,anyone c po9t ) pride to ?is bird's good "* = ! male c1 & (t5 does1 take *>ge ( ! brood1 tea*+ !m h[ to exi/ 9 a ho/ile _w4 ,! male %[s a :ite ?roat & l9e ov] ! eye1 :ile ! female is cont5t to we> buffy fea!rs :i* make h] only a little less colorful4 ,bob:ites ne/ & roo/ on ! gr\nd & w sp5d _! entire lives 9 a limit$ area if %elt]1 food & wat] are available4 ,_m f>m]s co-op]ate ) _! little neighbors by plant+ blackb]ries1 multiflora rose1 or raspb]ries along _! f5ces1 n f>m+ ! la/ in* ( e corn] ( ! field4 ,"s ev5 leave a little milo or o!r gra9 unh>ve/$ ne> ! edge ( _! fields4 ,su* practices pay divid5ds 9 ! h>ve/ ( insects consum$ by ,bob:ites4 ,"s l to %oot ,& wat* him fall1 ,:ile o!rs l ,to he> 8 call4 ,wilson's ,snipe ,capella gall9ago ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,wilson's ,snipe1 frequ5tly kn[n z a 8,jack ,snipe10 is ! mo/ common ( #c species :i* h extremely long1 /raight bills4 ,all fe$ by prob+ 9 s(t mud :]e _! s5sitive bills soon locate & obta9 _! food4 ,?is bird pref]s m>%y areas ne> /reams or ponds4 ,:5 di/urb$1 he leaves ! sc5e s rapidly t y might miss ! erratic1 zig-zag flight1 ! po9t$ w+s1 ! /ripes on 8 head1 ! br[ni%-/rip$ plumage4 ,y might ev5 miss ! orange tail1 b y probably w he> ! rasp+ note :i* he usually utt]s :5 he dep>ts4 ,! ,woodcock1 a simil> species1 fe$s 9 d5se cov] & has b>s across 8 cr[n1 r\nd$ w+s & a *unky build4 ,a ?ird long-bill$ bird is ! ,d[it*]1 :i* fe$s 9 op51 %all[ wat] & is f\nd (t5 9 small flocks4 ,_m birds are not$ = unusual s\nds :i* !y make4 ,wilson's ,snipe is no exception2 h[ev] 9 8 case x is n a vocal ef=t = he ranks l[ z a s+]4 ,?is bird uses a flight patt]n :i* causes a vibration ( fea!rs z ! bird plunges diagonally d[nw>d4 ,obs]v]s h notic$ ! #b out] fea!rs ( ! tail seem to be sep>at$ :ile on su* flights2 p]haps ?is is ! clue to ! unusual s\nd4 ,8 k+-size beak ,is a h&y tool1 ,z he probes ! mud ',r\nd ea* grassy pool4 ,upl& ,plov] ,b>tramia longicauda ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,! ,upl& ,plov] is a confus+ bird4 ,orni?ologi/s /ill are argu+ ab\t :at he %\ld be call$--a s&pip] or a plov]4 ,he =m]ly 0 kn[n z a ,b>tramian ,s&pip]4 ,n[ ! tr5d seems to indicate t ,upl& ,s&pip] is a "n :i* fits 8 habits bett] ?an ,upl& ,plov]4 ,al?o he has legs long en\gh = wad+1 he uses !m = travel+ ?ru grasses1 n wat]4 ,:5 alight+1 he holds 8 w+s up mom5t>ily be=e fold+ !m2 9 fact mo/ ( 8 actions seem m l a plov]4 ,:atev] y call him1 he /ill w be f\nd on prairies & grassl&s2 m>%es & mud flats h no appeal to ?is bird4 ,! ,upl& ,plov] is slightly l>g] ?an a ,killde] & is buffy br[n 9 color4 ,8 long neck1 small head ) r %ort beak1 long tail1 hov]+ flight1 b mo/ ( all 8 prolong$ call1 make id5tification easy4 ,8 long-drawn1 m\rnful :i/le seems to bl5d ) breezes :i* bl[ above ! prairies1 & once he>d1 is n easily =gott54 ,^! birds once 7 sc>ce due to heavy %oot+ by m>ket hunt]s1 :o slaught]$ !m 9 great numb]s4 ,!y n[ are protect$ 9 mu* ( _! range1 b un=tunately ?is protection does n ext5d to _! w9t] home 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,we he> y\r cle> ,b m\rnful cry1 ,z y g tip-toe+ ,?ru ! sky4 ,great] ,yell[-legs ,totanus melanoleucus ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,s&pip]s c be confus+1 especially 9 fall plumage4 ,mix$ flocks require special *eck+ ev5 by exp]ts1 b n ! ,great] ,yell[-legs4 ,8 l>ge size1 sl5d] build1 yell[ legs1 gray upp] p>ts1 :ite tail cov]ts & "u p>ts c be confus$ only ) ! ,less] ,yell[-legs 7,totanus flavipes74 ,:5 toge!r1 !re is no problem = ! latt] measures #i to #aa in*es :ile ! ,great] ,yell[-legs runs f #ac to #ae in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! small1 slim beak ( ! ,less] is /raight1 :]eas ! heavi] bill ( ! ,great] seems to be slightly upturn$4 ,! call is diff]5t1 = ! l>g] bird uses a l\d #c or #d note :i/le4 ,! small] uses less volume 9 8 #a or #b note ef=t4 ,?is s&pip] pref]s mud flats & 8 long legs p]mit him to fe$ 9 deep] wat] :]e he adds m9n[s & crayfi% to 8 diet4 ,he c swall[ small fi% b occasionally l&s "o :i* mu/ be r$uc$ to bite size4 ,h[ev]1 ! bird is p]si/5t & soon completes 8 meal4 ,! ,great] ,yell[-legs migrates ?ru\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates & may be se5 ar\nd any suitable habitat4 ,x ne/s z f> nor? z ,alaska & ,labrador & may w9t] f> into ,s\? ,am]ica2 h[ev] _m rema9 along our s\!rn %ores & bay\s4 ,!y c\ld n miss ,:5 nam+ y4 ,^? yell[ legs ,gave !m ! clue4 ,avocet ,recurviro/ra am]icana ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,! black & :ite plumage ( ?is m$ium-size %ore bird is di/9ctive4 ,a clos] inspection w %[ long1 blue legs1 a ?91 upturn$ bill & 9 bre$+ plumage1 a ru/y neck & head ) :ite be=e ! eye4 ,9 w9t]1 ! ru/y m>k+s are replac$ by a gray wa%4 ,european birds lack ! colorful neck & head m>k+s1 b %[ ! black & :ite patt]n & (t5 are call$ ,awl-birds4 ,! bill gives ! clue to su* a "n4 ,! ,avocet fe$s by wad+ 9 %all[ wat] & sw++ 8 bill back & =?2 flocks (t5 advance & fe$ 9 unison4 ,^! birds also are capable swimm]s & h be5 obs]v$ :ile fe$+ l puddle ducks1 tipp+ up & ext5d+ _! heads f> "u wat] 9 se>* ( insects & small cru/acea4 ,avocets =m]ly ne/$ z f> ea/ z ,new ,j]sey b n[ favor ! %ores ( ponds1 lakes & sl\ghs 9 ! we/]n areas4 ,sun-dri$ mud or alkal9e flats (t5 br+ loose colonies ( ^! birds1 any:]e f ,s\!rn ,texas to ,alb]ta & ,briti% ,columbia4 ,:5 di/urb$1 !y circle ov]head1 utt] a s]ies ( yelp+ calls or feign a brok5 w+ 9 ord] to lure y away f _! ne/+ sites4 ,! upturn$ beak1 ,! legs s blue1 ,! black & :ite ,all po9t to y4 ,wilson's ,phal>ope ,/eganopus tricolor ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,phal>opes are unique4 ,unlike mo/ birds1 ! female is m colorful1 does mo/ ( ! c\rt+1 leaves ne/ build+1 incubat+ & re>+ ( "y to ! long-suff]+ male4 ,h] lone contribution to ! re>+ ( ! family is lay+ eggs4 ,%e does des]ve "s cr$it1 h[ev]1 = %e rema9s 9 ! area & w jo9 ! male 9 circl+ ov]head :5 ! ne/ is di/urb$1 bo? utt]+ a sort ( nasal1 trumpet-l toot4 ,wilson's ,phal>ope is n only ! l>ge/ phal>ope1 b pref]s inl& m>%es1 :ile ! ,r$ ,phal>ope & ,nor!rn ,phal>ope sp5d m "t at sea4 ,9 bre$+ plumage1 ! female %[s a di/9ctive black l9e d[n ! side ( ! neck1 />t+ 9 front ( ! eye & bl5d+ into a *e/nut wa% on ! %\ld]s4 ,"u p>ts & ?roat are :ite1 w+s gray ) a gray l9e ext5d+ ?ru ! c9namon buff ( ! back4 ,! male is gray] ) a c9namon wa% on ! neck4 ,9 fall1 bo? birds %[ d>k w+s1 :ite rump pat* & light plumage4 ,! long1 ne$le-l bill & ! :irl+ motion :5 swimm+ are good clues to id5tification 9 any season4 ,:5 fe$+ 9 %all[ wat]1 ^! birds are active1 always 9 a hurry & runn+ f place to place4 ,y're j a sissy1 ,t we "k1 ,= y let ,mama ,/eal ! %[4 ,r+-bill$ ,gull ,l>us delaw>5sis ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,audubon1 9 #ahdj1 ref]r$ to ?is species z ! common ,am]ican gull1 b due to ! *ange 9 habitat & increase 9 population1 ^! birds h dep>t$ f _m ( _! =m] ne/+ areas4 ,h[ev]1 next to ! l>g] ,h]r+ ,gull1 x /ill is "o ( ! mo/ widely di/ribut$4 ,^! birds =m bre$+ colonies on isl&s 9 ,nor!rn ,unit$ ,/ates & ,s\!rn ,canada1 (t5 %>+ ^! sites ) ! ,cormorant & ! ,common ,t]n4 ,l o!r gulls1 !y are n to be tru/$ ar\nd unprotect$ ne/s ( o!r species1 = eggs are consid]$ q a delicacy 9 a gull's diet4 ,! black r+ ne> ! end ( ?is bird's bill is n a good field m>k unless y are ne> or use p[]ful glasses to *eck ! specim54 ,x looks mu* l a ,h]r+ ,gull1 except = ! small] size 7#ah-bj in*es71 z comp>$ ) ! #bc-bf in*es ( ! ,h]r+ ,gull4 ,! ,r+-bill$ %[s gre5i%-yell[ legs1 :]eas ! ,h]r+ has fle%-color$ ones4 ,bo? birds %[ a gray mantle ) black w+ tips surr\nd+ a :ite spot4 ,! ,h]r+ %[s a little m :ite 9 ?is respect4 ,"y ( ! ,r+-bill$ are a light] buff ?an mo/ o!r species & %[ a black b& ne> ! end ( ! tail4 ,t little r+ y're we>+1 ,?o fa9t1 /ill gives a clue1 ,:5 ) o!r gulls y're fly+1 ,we "k x's really y4 ,great ,horn$ ,owl ,bubo virg9ianus ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,! ,great ,horn$ ,owl1 l>ge/ ( ! e>$ owls1 is f\nd ov] a wide area & may be ei!r light or d>k 9 color1 dep5d+ on ! area :]e he is f\nd4 ,all specim5s %[ a :ite ?roat1 e> tufts & yell[ eyes4 ,?is bird is almo/ #b feet 9 l5g? & c h&le fair-siz$ animals :5 press$ by hung]4 ,! hoot ( ?is bird is deep]1 sl[] & m uni=m ?an t ( ! ,b>r$ ,owl1 & (t5 c be he>d z a sort ( conv]sational note betwe5 #b birds 9 ! same area4 ,x is giv5 z a #b-note 8,:o-:o10 & answ]$ by a simil> call f ano!r bird "s di/ance away4 ,^! calls are giv5 on a diff]5t pit*4 ,^! owls ne/ e>ly & (t5 use old /ructures :i* 7 built by hawks1 cr[s or eagles4 ,holl[ trees or /one l$ges furni% desirable locations4 ,!y are good p>5ts & def5d _! home & "y aga9/ all com]s1 includ+ m54 ,cr[s & jays take delight 9 heckl+ ^! owls1 b are c>eful to keep a safe di/ance1 = ,great ,horn$ ,owls see well 9 bright sunlight1 al?o !y d mo/ ( _! hunt+ 9 d>kness4 ,_! diet includes almo/ any type ( animal life available1 b rabbits1 rats1 squirrels & mice seem to be pref]r$4 ,"s fe$ on />l+s & pigeons :i* !y f9d ar\nd city build+s4 8,:o-:o80 y ask ,9 qu]ul\s tone1 ,:5 folks invade ,y\r woodsy home4 ,yell[-%aft$ ,flick] ,colaptes auratus ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,p once call$ ?is bird a ,yell[-hamm]4 ,lots ( folks /ill d1 & x's b "o ( ! _m names appli$ to ?is beautiful woodpeck]4 ,8 br[n-b>r$ back1 black cresc5t on ! ?roat1 spott$ brea/1 :ite rump pat* & b\nd+ flight1 8 l>ge size1 8 l\d drumm+1 8 po/ur+ & 8 l\d calls all po9t to ?is bird or1 if y live 9 ! we/1 ! ,r$-%aft$ ,flick]4 ,! latt] %[s a r$di% t9t to ! w+s & tail :]e ?is bird %[s yell[4 ,heads ( males are m>k$ diff]5tly1 9 t ! we/]n bird %[s a r$ l9e ext5d+ d[n f ! m\?1 :ile ! ,yell[-%aft$ %[s black l9es4 ,a flick] pref]s ants to any o!r food1 & nature has equipp$ him ) a long1 /icky tongue :i* p]mits him to explore an?ills or tunnels 9 trees :]e ^! insects might be lurk+4 ,:5 ants are n available1 he turns to o!r insects1 fruit or b]ries1 "o ( 8 favorites ! se$s ( ! poison ivy4 ,flick]s usually excavate _! homes 9 ! trunks ( dead trees1 ! entrance ab\t #c in*es across & ext5d+ d[nw>d to z mu* z #bd in*es4 ,bo? birds apply !mselves to ?is task1 leav+ small bits ( wood 9 ! bottom 9 lieu ( o!r ne/+ mat]ial4 ,sometimes he w surprise y ,by fe$+ on y\r lawn4 ,b !re y're apt to f9d him ,until ! ants are gone4 ,r$-belli$ ,woodpeck] ,c5turus c>ol9us ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,if y look = a r$ belly on ?is bird1 y might miss him entirely4 ,look in/ead = ! r$ cr[n & nape1 ! heavily-b>r$ back & w+s & grayi%-:ite "u p>ts4 ,! female lacks ! r$ cr[n1 only ! nape %[+ ?is brilliant color+4 ,^! birds are ab\t ! same size z ,hairy ,woodpeck]s 7#i to #aj in*es7 & are r %y1 sp5d+ mu* ( _! "t 9 wood$ areas4 ,bird fe$]s suppli$ ) corn & nut meats ) ample pieces ( suet w br+ !m to y\r y>d4 ,_! natural food consi/s ( beetles & o!r insects1 toge!r ) a g5]\s help+ ( wild fruits1 se$s1 acorns & :5 available1 "s corn4 ,x also reli%es bo? juice & pulp ( oranges4 ,l o!r woodpeck]s1 ! ,r$-belli$ excavates ne/+ holes 9 trees :]e _! #c to #e eggs are laid4 ,/>l+s (t5 are wait+ to take ov] ^! newly-con/ruct$ homes & =m a real m5ace to ^! h>d-work+ birds4 ,r$-belli$ ,woodpeck]s seem to be p]man5t resid5ts 9 suitable locations1 n migrat+ l flick]s & ,r$-head$ ,woodpeck]s4 ,h[ev]1 !y usually are m common 9 s\!rn areas ) a nor!rn limit ( ,s\!rn ,m9nesota & ,delaw>e4 ,9 deepe/ woods ,or ne> our door1 ,y seem q happy ,) y\r *ore4 ,r$-head$ ,woodpeck] ,melan]pes ery?rocephalus ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,if all birds wore contra/+ colors l ! ,r$-head$ ,woodpeck]1 id5tify+ birds w\ld be easy4 ,y j c't miss on ?is "o--! r$ head & neck1 :ite "u p>ts1 blue-black back & tail1 black w+s ) a broad :ite pat*4 ,! "y %[ a grayi%-br[n head b ! :ite w+ pat* gives y ! clue4 ,^! beautiful birds once 7 common & ne/$ f ! ,gulf ( ,mexico to ! s\!rn edge ( "s ,canadian prov9ces4 ,rec5t ye>s h %[n a decl9e 9 _! numb]s1 probably due to ,/>l+s tak+ ov] _! ne/+ cavities be=e ! woodpeck]s c re> _! broods4 ,ano!r factor is _! de/ruction by spe$+ automobiles4 ,^! birds fe$ on fly+ insects1 & (t5 drop d[n on our highways 9 pursuit ( gras%opp]s4 ,motor c>s & "s driv]s h no respect = wildlife1 no matt] h[ beautiful or b5eficial4 ,bee*nuts1 acorns1 pecans & v>i\s fruits & b]ries are consum$ 9 quantity1 & a good supply (t5 w hold ^! birds f> nor? ( _! usual w9t] range4 ,mo/ ,r$-head$ ,woodpeck]s migrate1 & l flick]s1 sometimes fly at night1 z bo? species h be5 recov]$ aft] hitt+ television t[]s4 ,!y l to build ,_! cozy homes ,9 poles equipp$ ,= telephones4 ,cre/$ ,flycat*] ,myi>*us cr9itus ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,flycat*]s c be1 & (t5 are1 noisy birds4 ,!y seem to enjoy life & want ! _w to "k h[ !y feel ab\t x4 ,! ,cre/$ ,flycat*] is no exception4 ,to he> ?is bird at 8 be/1 /roll quietly ?ru "s heavily-wood$ area4 ,y sc>cely are aw>e ( ! flute-l tones ( ! ,wood ,?ru% 9 ! di/ance1 drum ( ! ,d[ny ,woodpeck]1 ! bubbl+ tones ( ! ,c>ol9a ,wr54 ,all is s]5e4 ,sudd5ly a l\dly-:i/l$ 8:eeep10 foll[$ by a s]ies ( equally l\d roll+ notes1 %att]s ! air4 ,t is ! ,cre/$ ,flycat*]4 ,y might see him sitt+ quietly1 pe]+ int5tly at e leaf & bran*1 sl[ly mov+ 8 head s no?+ w be miss$4 ,!n y w see ! ruf\s tail1 yell[ belly1 olive head & back1 grayi% ?roat & #b w+ b>s4 ,y might see ! slight cre/ f :i* he gets 8 "n4 ,he is a trim bird almo/ rob9 size4 ,^! flycat*]s w ne/ 9 mo/ any type ( hole or cavity1 ev5 bird h\ses :5 available4 ,!y pref] heavily-wood$ areas4 ,!y h ! habit ( us+ snakesk9s ei!r 9 ! ne/+ mat]ial or drap$ into ! entrance4 ,p]haps x makes !m feel secure4 ,s9ce ,am]icans are prone to leave wax pap] & cellophane ar\nd picnic areas1 ^! birds f9d su* mat]ials a good sub/itute = snakesk9s4 ,sometimes he is a r[dy2 ,m (t5 he's demure4 ,& drapes 8 home ) snakesk9s ,to make him feel secure4 ,ea/]n ,wood ,pewee ,contopus vir5s ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,"s e>ly morn+ 9 ,may1 :5 ! trees are fill$ ) migrants1 take a /roll ?ru ! woods6 ,! _w is fill$ ) bird notes & y li/5 to ! symphony ( s\nd4 ,!n y he> a que/ion+ :isp] 8pee-a-wee10 z if "s /rang] wond]$ if he %\ld or c\ld make himself he>d4 ,f9ally y locate ! bird ) ! pla9tive note & f9d a little flycat*]1 b s9ce he is sitt+ on a well-%ad$ limb1 y h tr\ble ) ! m>k+s4 ,ev5tually y see t he is ab\t sp>r[-size1 is a dusky olive-br[n above ) :iti% "u p>ts1 lacks an eye r+ b %[s #b di/9ct w+ b>s4 ,t is ! ,ea/]n ,wood ,pewee4 ,we/]n obs]v]s w f9d ! ,we/]n ,wood ,pewee to be a bird ) ne>ly ! same m>k+s & habits4 ,h[ev]1 ! we/]n bird has a m nasal1 s+le note song4 ,?o bo? birds place _! ne/s on tops ( limbs1 ! ,ea/]n ,wood ,pewee builds a %all[] /ructure1 well cov]$ ) li*5s & cobwebs1 giv+ x ! appe>ance ( a knot on ! limb4 ,bo? ne/ 9 r op5 situations4 ,bo? birds fe$ heavily on insects & spid]s1 includ+ _m h>mful weevils1 flies & beetles4 ,un=tunately !y draw no di/9ction betwe5 useful p>asites & pe/s4 ,on summ] breeze ,we he> y\r call1 ,y speak y\r "n ,b ) a drawl4 ,tree ,swall[ ,iridoprocne bicolor ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,! fro/ h>dly has left ! gr\nd1 or ! peep]s & cricket frogs assembl$ _! *orus1 :5 flocks ( ^! swall[s c be se5 w++ _! way nor?w>d4 ,fir/ flights include only ! rugg$ males :i* arrive well 9 advance ( _! mates4 ,!y also are "o ( ! la/ species ( swall[s to migrate 9 ! fall4 ,^! birds %[ :iti% "u p>ts1 :ile ! upp] p>ts are a gre5i% /eel-blue4 ,we/]n obs]v]s might confuse ?is bird ) ! ,violet-gre5 ,swall[ b rememb] t ! latt] %[s a conspicu\s :ite pat* on ea* side ( ! rump4 ,tree ,swall[s pref] a location ne> wat] & soon w occupy holes 9 /umps s locat$3 h[ev]1 bird h\ses are acceptable4 ,!y d n *oose to ne/ 9 colonies & w def5d _! ne/+ site ) vigor4 ,^? :o erect ne/+ boxes = ^! swall[s might f9d x necess>y to help !m evict ,h\se ,sp>r[s :i* (t5 take a lik+ to _! homes4 ,fly+ insects =m ! major portion ( ?is bird's food4 ,^! include num]\s mosquitoes & o!r insects :i* hat* on or ne> wat]1 = t seems to be _! favorite fe$+ gr\nd4 ,o!r foods include bayb]ry & wax myrtle b]ries1 :i* are s\ght dur+ migration4 ,a fla% ( :ite ,) glimpse ( blue1 ,we see y're back ,& welcome y4 ,cliff ,swall[ ,petro*elidon pyrrhonota ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,cliff ,swall[s may be f\nd 9 almo/ any "p ( ,nor? ,am]ica b ! we/ (f]s m ov]hang+ cliffs :]e !y assemble 9 l>ge colonies4 ,_! "o requirem5t is an ample supply ( mud = _! use 9 build+ ! jug-%ap$ /ructure :i* !y atta* to build+s1 "u bridges or ov]hang+ cliffs4 ,mud re9=c$ ) a few /raws1 makes a /urdy home1 & :5 l9$ ) fea!rs1 :at m c\ld a ,cliff ,swall[ want8 ,h\se ,sp>r[s also f9d ^! little adobe h\ses invit+1 b are n popul> neighbors4 ,?is species is easily recogniz$ by ! buffy rump pat*4 ,o!r m>k+s include3 a dull :ite pat* above ! bill1 cr[n & back ( head blue-black1 nape br[ni% gray1 back blue-black /rip$ ) gray1 *e/nut ov] *eek & eye1 black pat* on l[] ?roat1 ) *e/ flanks & sides grayi%-br[n ) re/ ( "u p>ts :ite4 ,^! birds %[ m ( an assortm5t ( colors ?an o!r species4 ,x is int]e/+ to wat* ^! birds ga!r+ mud = _! ne/s4 ,always !y hold _! w+s high above _! backs & trip da9tily ar\nd until !y get a m\?ful ( mud1 b hesitate to get ei!r _! feet wet or _! w+s soil$4 ,) buffy rump ,& tail s squ>e1 ,we h no d\bt ,t y are !re4 ,:ite-brea/$ ,nu?at* ,sitta c>ol95sis ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,nu?at*es are "o ( ! few 8upside-d[n0 birds4 ,*ickadees & titmice sometimes fe$ by hang+ bel[ a cone or "s limb :i* !y want to explore2 woodpeck]s & ,br[n ,creep]s may brace !mselves b5ea? a limb1 b nu?at*es seem to feel m at ease1 :5 com+ d[n a tree headfir/4 ,t mu/ be an advantage = !y may see food :i* ! climb]s ov]look4 ,x is amaz+ to see ! ease ) :i* !y travel1 nev] us+ _! tails z props4 ,! ,:ite-brea/$ ,nu?at*1 l>ge/ ( ! family1 is ab\t sp>r[-size 7#f in*es71 & %[s a blui%-gray back1 :ite "u p>ts ) blacki% cr[n & nape4 ,beady black eyes are noticeable s9ce !y are surr\nd$ by ! :ite *eeks4 ,^! birds seem to favor decidu\s trees r ?an ev]gre5s1 ! pref]r$ habitat ( ! small] ,r$-brea/$ ,nu?at*4 ,a supply ( nut meats & suet on y\r fe$] seems to attract ^! birds4 ,y might decide1 aft] wat*+ !m = a %ort "t1 t su* a small bird c\ld n eat su* a quantity ( food4 ,a fur!r *eck w %[ t he is ?rifty1 mak+ trip aft] trip to hide *oice morsels = future use4 ,he is nev] sure h[ long ! supply w la/4 ,i wat* y com+ ,d[n a tree1 ,b :y y %\ld ,amazes me4 ,c>ol9a ,wr5 ,?ryo?orus ludovicianus ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,am]icans are =tunate4 ,!re are a lot ( reasons1 b "o is ! fact t we h sev]al species ( wr5s4 ,!re is some?+ ab\t ^! birds t dem&s imm$iate att5tion4 ,x might be _! size1 = mo/ are small4 ,x might be _! songs1 = mo/ are good s+]s4 ,x might be _! trim1 sleek-look+ jaunt9ess--"s might ev5 call x cock9ess4 ,^! birds are popul> ar\nd mansions or wea!r-beat5 %acks4 ,= ^? ( u :o live s\? ( ! area ( sev]e w9t]s1 & ea/ ( ! pla9s1 ! ,c>ol9a ,wr5 might be class$ z a favorite bird4 ,any wood$ area1 especially "o ) small /reams runn+ ?ru x1 makes ideal habitat = ?is song/]4 ,! m tangles & bru%y und]gr[?1 ! bett] he w l x4 ,if y don't happ5 to recognize any ( 8 num]\s songs1 8 size & color+ w lead to 8 id5tity4 ,he is z l>ge z a small sp>r[ 7#e to #f in*es71 ruf\s r$ above ) buffy "u p>ts4 ,he %[s a :ite l9e ov] ! eye & fa9t w+ b>s4 ,! ,bewick's ,wr5s & ,long-bill$ ,m>% ,wr5s %[ a l9e ov] ! eye1 bo? are small]4 ,bewick's has :ite tips on ! tail fea!rs1 :ile ! latt] %[s di/9ct /ripes d[n ! back4 ,t *e]ful song1 ,y\r r\ndelay1 ,r+s ?ru ! woods ',mo/ e day4 ,br[n ,?ra%] ,toxo/oma rufum ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,?is long-tail$ bird 7) ! ruf\s-br[n color1 :ite w+ b>s1 curv$ bill1 /rip$ brea/ & yell[ eyes7 welcomes spr+ ) a l\d & *e]ful song4 ,y w see him sitt+ at ! top ( "s tall tree1 ?r[+ all 8 ef=ts into l\d1 cle> notes4 ,y w notice a wide v>iety ( tones b all seem to run to c\plets & triplets1 n l ! /eady tempo ( ! ,mock+bird or ! m subdu$ tones ( ! ,catbird1 bo? ( :i* are ne> relatives4 ,! next "t y see him1 he is likely to be "u a h$ge or ar\nd a bru%y area1 busily engag$ 9 mov+ any leaves or o!r rubbi% :i* might hide a lurk+ insect4 ,ano!r favorite habitat is along ! less-travel$ c\ntry roads1 :]e he always seems to ?9k he %\ld be on ! opposite side & makes a quick1 runn+ flight to get !re4 ,br[n ,?ra%]s are f\nd 9 suitable habitat any:]e ea/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s & sometimes sp5d ! w9t] f> nor? ( _! usual s\!rn range4 ,s5nett's ,?ra%] is simil> b is f\nd 9 ! s\!rn p>ts ( ,texas4 ,br[n ,?ra%]s are (t5 call$ 8,br[n ,?ru%es10 b ?ru%es h %ort tails1 a diff]5t type ( song1 & pref] a diff]5t habitat4 ,y pair y\r notes1 ,!n triple "s1 ,:i* lets u "k ,t spr+ has come4 ,wood ,?ru% ,hyloci*la mu/el9a ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,to "k ! ,wood ,?ru% is to love him4 ,un=tunately he seldom visits cities unless p>ks or o!r heavily-wood$ areas are f\nd )9 ! bord]s4 ,=e/s1 ) a pl5tiful und]cov]1 (f] ! seclusion :i* ?is bird dem&s4 ,!re y w he> ! flute-l tones :i* make ?is bird fam\s z a s+]4 ,x is n a cont9u$ ef=t2 ea* s]ies ( notes is foll[$ by a re/1 all[+ y to absorb ! full beauty ( ! r\nd$ tones--!n ano!r1 b completely diff]5t s]ies1 sometimes high]1 sometimes l[]1 b always ! same pure quality4 ,"s ?9k ! ,h]mit ,?ru% is a bett] s+]1 b ! ,wood ,?ru% is a close competitor4 ,:5 y invade 8 doma9 he w greet y ) a s]ies ( scold+ notes1 b t gives y a *ance to see him4 ,y w notice he is slightly small] ?an a ,rob91 has a heavily-spott$ brea/ & a ruf\s head1 ! back w+s & tail m ( a r$di% c9namon-br[n4 ,!y ne/ r l[ & use ei!r mud or leaf mold 9 build+ a /urdy /ructure4 ,?is is an ea/]n bird b ranges f ,m9nesota1 ,ont>io & ,new ,hamp%ire s\? almo/ to ! ,gulf4 ,a few w9t] ar\nd ! ,gulf ( ,mexico b mo/ pref] ! m s\!rn areas ( ,mexico1 ,c5tral ,am]ica & ,panama4 ,if mortals _h ,y\r gift ( song1 ,"s popul> tunes ,w\ld seem less long4 ,olive-back$ ,?ru% ,hyloci*la u/ulata ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,! ,olive-back$ ,?ru% & ! ,gray-*eek$ ,?ru% are simil>4 ,bo? %[ olive-br[n backs1 light "u p>ts & light] spots ?an ! ,wood ,?ru%4 ,! ,olive-back$ is slightly small] & %[s a m di/9ct eye r+1 buffi] *eeks & brea/4 ,?is bird's song is a s]ies ( flute-l tones :i* spiral upw>d4 ,a4 ,d4 ,du,bois 7,m4,s4 quot$ by ,b5t 9 ,bullet9 #aif-aidi-,p4 #ahd7 ?9ks ( x z say+ 8:ip-poor-w-a-w-a-zee-zee-zee40 ,! ,ve]y's song />ts high & runs d[n ! scale1 :ile ! ,gray-*eek$ ,?ru%'s song1 ?o simil> 9 quality1 %[s less v>iation & ends on a slightly high] note4 ,except a n>r[ range we/ ( ! ,cascades & ,si]ra ,nevada m\nta9s1 occupi$ by a we/]n race1 ! ,russet-back$ ,?ru%1 ,olive-backs c be f\nd f ,nor!rn ,nor? ,am]ica to ,c5tral ,s\? ,am]ica1 dep5d+ on ! season ( ! ye>4 ,"o ( ! nice ?+s ab\t ?is bird is t he s+s dur+ migration1 giv+ bird lov]s a *ance to he> 8 song )\t travel+ to ! l& ( spruce1 fir & bir*1 :i* is a favorite ne/+ area4 ,m ?an #fc p] c5t ( ?is bird's food is animal matt] & includes _m beetles4 ,wild1 s(t-sk9n$ fruits ) occasional se$s complete ! diet4 ,a swirl ( notes ,asc5d+ high ,l :irlw9ds ,t rea* ! sky4 ,blue-gray ,gnatcat*] ,polioptila ca]ulea ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,?is t9y bird1 small] ?an a *ickadee1 nev] seems to h a quiet mom5t4 ,on fir/ sight1 "o is rem9d$ ( a ,mock+bird1 b n f 8 color1 = he is blue-gray above & :iti% bel[4 ,x might be ! long tail ) ! black c5t] & :ite sides or p]haps x is ! trim build4 ,!re is a n>r[1 :ite eye r+1 & ! male %[s a d>k l9e above ! bill4 ,^! m>ks are sometimes difficult to see due to ! bird's re/lessness4 ,! tail seems to be con/antly 9 motion4 ,bo? birds utt] call notes1 a ?9 8spee0 or 8zpee0 s\nd4 ,8 song itself is fa9t & seldom he>d4 ,^! birds range f ,s\!rn ,canada to ,guatemala & are p]man5t resid5ts 9 "s /ates bord]+ ! ,gulf1 b sporadic 9 _! nor!rn range4 ,! ,gnatcat*] is an e>ly migrant & c be f\nd well into 8 ne/+ range by ! middle ( ,april4 ,ne/s sometimes are con/ruct$ 9 advance ( egg-lay+ dates4 ,p]haps ! bird is tak+ advantage ( a supply ( build+ mat]ials :i* are seasonal4 ,x frequ5tly dismantles ! fir/ ne/1 us+ ! cont5ts 9 ! con/ruction ( ano!r ne/ 9 a m favorable location4 ,x is built ( plant d[n & o!r mat]ials1 b\nd ) webs & cov]$ ) li*5s4 ,a :isp]$ 8spee0 ,f yond] tree1 ,gives u a clue ,t x is y4 ,ruby-cr[n$ ,k+let ,regulus cal5dula ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,:5 y he> ?is bird s+1 y are impress$ by ! beauty ( cle>1 b v>iable notes4 ,:5 y *eck ! s\rce1 y are surpris$ to see a t9y bird ) su* a big voice4 ,8 %ort tail might lead y to believe he is ev5 small] ?an ! #c to #d in*es :i* he measures4 ,8 color+ is n impressive1 be+ an olive-gray4 ,y might notice ! di/9ct eye r+ or ! prom95t w+ b>s4 ,if he is excit$ by y\r close inspection1 he might fla% ! ruby cr[n fea!rs1 f :i* he gets 8 "n4 ,9 fall y might ?9k ?is bird 0 a w>bl] = he has "s ( ! w>bl] actions4 ,he con/antly flicks 8 w+s & tail 9 a n]v\s mann]1 b y w miss ! tail m>k+s ( ! w>bl]s4 ,! ,gold5-cr[n$ ,k+let is simil> 9 size & g5]al m>k+s1 b bo? male & female %[ di/9ctive gold cr[n pat*es4 ,! ,gold5-cr[n$ seems a little m rugg$ & sp5ds 8 w9t]s f>!r nor?4 ,^! birds ne/ 9 ! spruce belt ( ,canada & sp5d ! w9t] 9 ,s\!rn ,unit$ ,/ates ) scatt]+ records z f> nor? z ,i[a4 ,! ,we/]n ,ruby-cr[n$ ,k+let is simil> 9 appe>ance b has a slightly diff]5t song4 ,x frequ5tly ne/s z f> s\? z ,new ,mexico4 ,we look at y1 ,a t9y ?+1 ,& m>vel at ,! way y s+4 ,c$> ,waxw+ ,bombycilla c$rorum ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,waxw+s are ! nomads ( ! bird _w2 l gypsies1 !y come & g4 ,app>5tly !y drift s\?w>d 9 ! fall & nor?w>d 9 ! spr+1 b h no regul> migration4 ,!y range f ,s\!rn ,canada to ,c5tral ,am]ica b might leave :5 x fro/s or /ay ?ru ! w9t]4 ,unlike "s 8,knights ( ! ,road10 !y pres5t a neat appe>ance4 ,9 fact ! s(t1 br[ni%-gray plumage1 fad+ into light] "u p>ts1 ! slate-color$ tail ) ! yell[ tip1 ! jaunty cre/1 ! black eye mask1 ! r$di% spot on ! w+1 ! sleek1 /reaml9$ /ance--all m>k him z an ari/ocrat4 ,waxw+s l companions & travel 9 flocks4 ,:]e y f9d "o1 y might f9d a doz5 or m ?an "o hundr$4 ,:e!r fe$+ or re/+1 y w he> !m conv]s+ 9 a high-pit*$1 :eezy note :i* is difficult to describe4 ,"s ref] to x z a hiss1 o!rs z a :9e4 ,:5 an ample supply ( food is available1 ,c$> ,waxw+s gorge !mselves until !y seem r li/less4 ,v>i\s fruits & b]ries are reli%$1 b insects & cank]worms are tak5 9 season4 ,! ,bohemian ,waxw+ is slightly l>g]1 gray] & %[s m :ite on ! w+ & br[n "u-tail cov]ts4 ,y're j a glutton1 ,t we "k1 ,= y're n "o ,to eat & g4 ,w>bl+ ,vireo ,vireo gilvus ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,! ,w>bl+ ,vireo is n colorful4 ,if y happ5 to see 8 back1 y w see he is a grayi% olive-gre51 slightly gray] on ! head4 ,:5 look$ at f bel[1 & t is ! way y g5]ally see him1 y may see a t+e ( yell[ on ! :ite "u p>ts4 ,a :ite l9e ov] ! eye is ! only o!r m>k+4 ,b don't give up2 y w note ! sl[1 delib]ate vireo movem5t4 ,he loves to s+ & soon y w he> a pleas+ s]ies ( notes1 all connect$ b ea* note on a diff]5t pit*2 a wave ( bird notes1 n hurri$ b cle> & musical4 ,?is song c\ld be confus$ ) t ( ! ,purple ,f9* b ! latt] is slightly high] 9 pit* & fa/]4 ,unlike o!r vireos1 he likes to ne/ 9 ! high1 decidu\s trees :i* l9e ! /reets ( cities & t[ns4 ,p>ks & f>m homes also (f] suitable habitat4 ,! ne/ is a neat /ructure1 plac$ ne> ! end ( a droop+ bran* on "s well-develop$ tree2 "o :i* is gr[+ 9 ! op51 = ^! small birds l pl5ty ( room ar\nd _! homes4 ,! male is s pr\d ( 8 home he (t5 s+s :ile tak+ 8 turn ) ! incubat+4 ,! ,we/]n ,w>bl+ ,vireo has a simil> song1 seems incl9$ to ne/ ne>] ! gr\nd1 b %uns ev]gre5s4 ,8 note is j a w>ble4 ,y _c write x d[n4 ,b y are b\nd to he> x ,if y walk 'r\nd ! t[n4 ,black & ,:ite ,w>bl] ,mniotilta v>ia ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,w>bl]s are an unusual family ( birds4 ,"s act l flycat*]s & (t5 fe$ on fly+ insects4 ,o!rs jo9 ! vireos 9 se>*+ = l>vae 9 ! ?ick foliage ( high] trees4 ,a few m+le ) s&pip]s & f9d _! food along ! banks ( "s small /ream1 :ile ! gr\nd-dwell+ cont+5t %>e *oice morsels ) ?ru%es4 ,! ,black & ,:ite ,w>bl] is diff]5t1 = :ile ne/+ on or ne> ! gr\nd1 he fe$s on ! trunk or l>g] limbs ( trees1 comb9+ ! upw>d movem5t ( ! ,br[n ,creep] ) rev]se actions ( nu?at*es4 ,8 is m ( a sw+ movem5t1 quickly swit*+ z if undecid$ :e!r to g up or d[n4 ,v>i\s beetles1 ants1 weevils1 plant lice & l>vae are includ$ 9 8 diet4 ,?is bird c be di/+ui%$ f ! simil> ,black-poll$ ,w>bl] by ! :ite /ripe d[n ! c5t] ( ! cr[n & ! :ite l9e ov] ! eye4 ,_! habits & songs are diff]5t4 ,due to its fe$+ habits1 ! ,black & ,:ite ,w>bl] does n dep5d on ext5sive foliage to furni% a supply ( cat]pill>s1 & migrates e>li] ?an _m ( ?is colorful family4 ,fall migration may f9d him l+]+ well into ,octob]1 be=e dep>t+ = 8 w9t] home4 ,he's black & :ite1 ,z y c see ,:5 he climbs 'r\nd ,t r\gh-b>k$ tree4 ,yell[ ,w>bl] ,d5droica pete*ia ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,! ,yell[ ,w>bl]1 commonly call$ 8,wild ,can>y10 is ! be/-kn[n memb] ( ! w>bl] family4 ,its bre$+ range ext5ds f ! nor!rn "p ( ,alaska1 ?ru ,canada1 ,unit$ ,/ates & into ,mexico1 & f coa/ to coa/4 ,x w9t]s z f> s\? z ,p]u4 ,unlike mo/ w>bl]s1 ?is fri5dly little bird seems to enjoy be+ ne> p & may ne/ 9 "s %rub or bu% ne> y\r home4 ,y w recognize him in/antly = he is ! yell[e/ ( all our w>bl]s1 ev5 9 confus+ fall plumage4 ,! male %[s pale1 *e/nut /reaks on ! ?roat1 brea/ & sides4 ,! female may %[ a few obscure m>k+s1 b n ! di/9ct patt]n worn by h] mate4 ,yell[ ,w>bl]s build a compact little ne/ us+ grasses1 plant d[n1 wool1 cotton1 hair or fea!rs1 dep5d+ on available mat]ials4 ,ne/s range f #c to #fj feet above gr\nd1 ) a t5d5cy to build !m l[ :5 suitable sites are f\nd4 ,c[birds are ?is bird's wor/ enemy = "o or m ,c[bird eggs c be f\nd 9 mo/ ,yell[ ,w>bl] ne/s4 ,!y h le>n$ to combat ?is m5ace by add+ ano!r /ory to _! /ructure1 !reby cov]+ unwant$ eggs ) a new lay] ( ne/+ mat]ial4 ,9 "s in/ances z _m z #f /ories h be5 add$4 ,a sunbeam m>k$ ,) heavi] ray ,flits 'cross ! y>d ,ea* summ] day4 ,nor!rn ,wat]-?ru% ,seiurus noveborac5sis ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,x is easy to see :y ^! w>bl]s are call$ wat]-?ru%es4 ,!y resemble ?ru%es & usually are f\nd ne> wat]4 ,:5 y see him walk+ d[n a half-subm]g$ log or wad+ along ! edges ( a pool1 y w f9d he teet]s l a ,spott$ ,s&pip]4 ,y also w notice ! d>k1 olive-br[n back1 yell[i% /ripe ov] ! eye1 ! ?roat & "u p>ts buffy-yell[ /reak$ ) d>k olive4 ,! slightly l>g] ,l\isiana ,wat]-?ru% %[s a :ite l9e ov] ! eye1 :ite or buffy-:ite "u p>ts1 unm>k$ :ite ?roat ) dull] /reaks "u ! body4 ,! ,ov5bird1 a ne> relative1 %[s an eye r+1 r$di%-orange cr[n & lacks ! l9e ov] ! eye4 ,we/]n obs]v]s w f9d t ,gr9nell's ,wat]-?ru% is slightly l>g] ) light] eye l9es & "u p>ts4 ,dur+ migration1 ! ,nor!rn ,wat]-?ru% might appe> 9 y\r y>d or g>d51 b edges ( swamps1 ponds or /reams appeal to him mo/4 ,to see him at 8 be/ x is necess>y to invade seclud$ areas ar\nd cool bogs1 m\nta9 /reams or nor!rn lakes4 ,!re y w he> ! l\d song1 a s]ies ( cle> b emphatic notes4 ,8 well-hidd5 ne/ may be f\nd by /umps or roots or moss-cov]$ logs4 ,?is funny little w>bl] ,likes wat] on 8 feet1 ,& :5 x comes to s++ ,he's really h>d to beat4 ,yell[-brea/$ ,*at ,ict]ia vir5s ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,! ,yell[-brea/$ ,*at is n only ! l>ge/1 b ! mo/ unw>bl]-l ( ?is colorful family4 ,if y live ne> ?ickets ( d5se %rubb]y1 :]e bri] tangles & bru%y1 l[ bu%es gr[ 9 pr(usion1 !re y w f9d ?is bird4 ,he pref]s l[1 damp gr\nd b does n ov]look simil> habitat on dry hillsides4 ,8 l\d & v>i$ song w let y "k :5 he arrives4 ,ea* s]ies ( notes is foll[$ by a long pause1 & !n ano!r s]ies1 b on an entirely diff]5t pit*2 cle>-:i/l$ notes1 l[ grat+ tones1 caws or re$-l tones all f9d a place 9 ?is bird's song4 ,:5 y invade 8 t]ritory1 y w f9d he is elusive1 b a little pati5t wait+ on y\r "p w br+ him out4 ,!n y c *eck ! olive-br[n back & ri*1 lemon-yell[ brea/ fad+ to :ite b5ea? ! tail4 ,! :ite l9e j above ! eye comb9es ) an eye r+1 z if he 7 we>+ spectacles4 ,y might ev5 see ! %ort1 /\t bill or ! r\nd$ w+s4 ,its long tail gives ?is bird a l5g? ( #g in*es4 ,he might ent]ta9 y ) 8 cl[n-l antics by flutt]+ into ! air ) 8 head d[n & feet dangl+1 b accompani$ by "s ( 8 sweete/ music4 ,a cl[n at he>t1 ,he lets y "k ,t he is pleas$ ,to /eal ! %[4 ,wilson's ,w>bl] ,wilsonia pusilla ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,:5 y make ?is bird's acqua9tance1 y w wond] :y he 0 n call$ a 8,black-capp$ ,w>bl]10 = no "n w\ld be m fitt+4 ,9 fact1 _m orni?ologi/s n[ ref] to him by t "n4 ,^? :o d _! bird+ 9 ! ,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates might feel ! same ab\t ! ,pileolat$ ,w>bl]1 :i* is simil>4 ,bo? birds %[ olive-gre5 above & yell[ bel[1 ) no w+ m>ks or o!r di/+ui%+ features1 except ! black cap worn by ! males4 ,"s females c>ry ?is m>k fa9tly outl9$1 b x is lack+ on ! "y4 ,! we/]n bird is slightly l>g]4 ,dur+ migration ?is w>bl] seems to pref] l[ bu%es & %rubs to ! high] trees & is f\nd ar\nd p>ks or bu%es bord]+ /reams4 ,!y seem fri5dly b move s rapidly t y may miss ! black cap4 ,!y comb9e ! usual w>bl] antics ) ^? ( small flycat*]s by captur+ _m fly+ insects2 h[ev]1 !y are n incl9$ to return to ! same p]*1 b hurry on _! way4 ,! song is a rapid s]ies ( notes ) little v>iation except ! la/ tones1 :i* are slightly l[] 9 pit*4 ,!y ne/ on ! gr\nd ne> wat] or swampy areas su* z sphagnum bogs ( ! nor? or ald] & will[ valleys ( ! we/4 ,t little cap ,^u y\r head ,gives u ! clue1 ,or s we've read4 ,yell[-head$ ,blackbird ,xan?ocephalus xan?ocephalus ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,ea/]n bird]s are un=tunate = only on r>e occasions d !y h a *ance to see & /udy ?is h&some bird4 ,he is l>g] ?an ! ,r$-w+$ ,blackbird1 ) :i* he (t5 is associat$1 b small] ?an ! ,grackles4 ,dur+ migration1 !y jo9 o!r memb]s ( _! family 9 fe$ lots1 pa/ures or fields & any mix$ flock is wor? inspect+4 ,!y are id5tifi$ easily = no o!r bird has ! black body1 :ite w+ pat* & yell[ head & brea/4 ,! female lacks w+ m>k+s & %[s dusky1 grayi%-br[n color+ ) a yell[i% t+e on light] head m>k+s4 ,!y walk ) almo/ a /rut1 z if !y 7 pr\d ( _! brilliant plumage4 ,yell[-head$ ,blackbirds ne/ 9 colonies & affix _! bulky ne/s to tules & o!r vegetation :i* gr[ 9 ! c5t] ( m>%es & swamps 9 we/]n areas4 ,!re seems to be a t5d5cy to move ea/w>d1 = a few are ne/+ 9 ! m>%es ( ! upp] ,mississippi valley4 ,_! song is di/9ctive & consi/s ( a s]ies ( *uckles1 squeaks & grat+ notes1 all produc$ by :at seems to be a great physical ef=t4 ,! results h>dly ju/ify su* a /ra94 ,y\r favorite call1 ,s l\d & h>%1 ,w\ld sc>e ! frogs ,9 any m>%4 ,baltimore ,oriole ,ict]us galbula ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,mo/ p are attract$ to birds by "o ( #c ?+s--_! brilliant plumage1 a beautiful song or ! way !y build _! ne/s4 ,! ,baltimore ,oriole scores 9 e dep>tm5t4 ,few birds are m colorful ?an an adult male1 p]*$ on ! top ( "s tall tree1 9 full sunlight4 ,! ri*-orange body gl[s l a liv+ emb]4 ,:5 y add ! black ( ! head1 back1 w+s & c5tral tail fea!rs1 ! :ite w+ b> & fea!r edg+ on ! w+s & ! orange out] fea!rs1 ne> ! end ( ! tail1 ! contra/+ patt]n is unique4 ,! female & "y are less colorful ) dull black & yell[i%-orange m>k+s & #b di/9ct w+ b>s4 ,! ,baltimore ,oriole's song is a ri* melodi\s :i/le :i* v>ies slightly :5 giv5 by diff]5t birds1 b reta9s ! oriole quality4 ,x c\ld be confus$ ) songs ( "s ( ! grosbeaks1 b ! latt] use m 8*ip0 notes ) _! :i/les4 ,we/]n bird]s w f9d a simil> quality 9 ! songs ( ,bullock's & ,scott's ,orioles4 ,= ne/+ sites1 !y *oose a spot ne> ! end ( "s droop+ bran*1 :]e !y con/ruct a deep1 well-wov51 g\rd-%ap$ /ructure :i* sw+s 9 ! breeze4 ,grasses & /r+ furni% build+ mat]ial4 ,a lot ( grass ,& bits ( /r+1 ,w make _! home ,a wondr\s ?+4 ,bronz$ ,grackle ,quiscalus quiscula ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,almo/ ev]yone :o lives or has travel$ any place ea/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s has se5 ?is bird4 ,! *ances are !y call x a blackbird1 = mo/ p d4 ,f 8 appe>ance1 !y are "r4 ,s9ce !re are a numb] ( diff]5t species ( blackbirds1 ?is "o %\ld be exam9$ m closely4 ,:5 y see him walk+ ar\nd y\r y>d1 y w notice he is l>g] ?an a ,rob91 has a w$ge-%ap$ tail & yell[ eyes4 ,! male (t5 %[s a keel-%ap$ tail1 :5 fly+4 ,! plumage is iridesc5t & may %[ gre51 blue or purple4 ,^? :o live along ! ,atlantic coa/ ref] to ^! birds z ,purple ,grackles1 a "n :i* is becom+ popul> = bo? ! ea/]n & we/]n types4 ,grackles ga!r 9 huge flocks & c d mu* damage to unh>ve/$ crops4 ,9 mix$ flocks1 grackles %[ a m ev5 flight patt]n ?an mo/ blackbirds4 ,o!r birds are n happy :5 grackles ne/ 9 _! area = ^! birds are incl9$ to add bo? eggs & "y ( small] birds to _! diet4 ,cr$it mu/ be giv5 ! grackle1 h[ev]1 = he mixes num]\s insects ) 8 diet ( fruit & gra94 ,we wat* y dunk+ ,cru/s s ?ick1 ,& wond] :]e ,y le>n$ ! trick4 ,blue ,grosbeak ,guiraca ca]ulea ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,_m bird]s seem to h tr\ble 9 li/+ ! ,blue ,grosbeak4 ,"o reason is ! size1 = !y are small] ?an mo/ memb]s ( ?is family4 ,ano!r reason is t light conditions (t5 make !m appe> black4 ,a ?ird reason might be _! *oice ( habitat4 ,!y pref] bru%y areas ne> "s /ream1 b may be f\nd along woodl& bord]s or h$ges1 :]e ample bru% is f\nd4 ,!y usually ne/ 9 l[ trees or %rubs4 ,!re y probably w f9d ! male z he s+s f ! top ( "s bu% or ev5 utility wire :i* crosses 8 t]ritory4 ,y c see he is a deep1 b r dull blue1 ) #b *e/nut w+ b>s4 ,! female is br[n & %[s #b buffy w+ b>s4 ,bo? %[ a heavy beak :i* gives !m _! "n4 ,blue ,grosbeaks ne/ f ,m>yl& to ,cali=nia b %un ! nor!rn /ates4 ,!y w9t] z f> s\? z ,honduras & are fond] ( w>m wea!r ?an mo/ memb]s ( _! family4 ,! ,blue ,grosbeak has a beautiful f9*-l song1 us+ a %ort s]ies ( notes :i* rise & fall into a sweet w>ble4 ,x is sl[] ?an ! song ( ! ,purple ,f9* & does n c>ry l ! usual grosbeak song4 ,_! food consi/s ( insects & small se$s or gra94 ,! male is blue1 ,8 mate is br[n4 ,b nei!r likes ,to live 9 t[n4 ,p9e ,sisk9 ,sp9us p9us ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,p9e ,sisk9s are unpr$ictable4 ,"s ye>s !y are num]\s1 :ile o!rs produce few1 if any1 9 ! same area4 ,food supply is n necess>ily ! answ]1 = !y are erratic w&]]s4 ,^! small f9*es seem to pref] conif]s = ne/+4 ,!y build a neat /ructure1 us+ grass1 b>k or moss ) a l9+ ( f9] mat]ials4 ,_! home is well hidd5 by ! heavy foliage ne> ! end ( a limb4 ,! eggs are a pale blui%-gre51 dott$ ) br[n or black m>k+s1 m colorful ?an ! pale blue eggs ( ! ,am]ican ,goldf9*4 ,sisk9s resemble goldf9*es 9 _! notes1 flock+ habits & size1 b c be id5tifi$ by ! uni=m1 /rip$ appe>ance4 ,!y h semi-conceal$ yell[ pat*es ne> ! body on bo? w+s & tail4 ,goldf9*es %[ cle> brea/s 9 any plumage4 ,bird]s h f\nd ! be/ clue to ! id5tity ( ?is bird is ! long buzzy note :i* =ms a "p ( 8 song4 ,8 notes are husky 9 quality4 ,9 w9t] sisk9s m+le ) o!r f9*es 9 h>ve/+ we$ se$s4 ,o!r food consi/s ( se$s ( v>i\s trees su* z a%1 bir* or elms1 toge!r ) leaf buds4 ,mo/ ( _! summ] is sp5t 9 ev]gre5s :i* (f] n only ! ne/+ sites b food necess>y = gr[+ families4 ,t buzzy note ,makes x a c9* ,to "k y're n ,ano!r f9*4 ,r$-ey$ ,t[hee ,pipilo ery?roph?almus ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,t[hees inhabit ?ickets1 bu%es & bru%y areas1 & sp5d mo/ ( _! "t scrat*+ ?ru litt] :i* cov]s ! gr\nd 9 su* locations4 ,:5 di/urb$1 !y usually utt] ! call note :i* gave !m _! "n4 ,op9ions diff] z to s\nds made1 s ^! birds are ref]r$ to z 8,t[hees10 8,jorees0 or 8,*ew9ks40 ,"s call !m 8,gr\nd ,rob9s10 s9ce !y fe$ on ! gr\nd & a "p ( _! plumage resembles t ( our ,rob9s4 ,t[hees are small] ?an ,rob9s4 ,! male %[s #c di/9ct colors2 ! head1 ?roat1 back1 w+s & tail are black2 sides are ru/y1 & ! belly1 out] tips ( ! tail & w+ spots are :ite4 ,! female is br[n] b easily id5tifi$ by ! color patt]n4 ,we/]n birds are call$ ,spott$ ,t[hees1 s9ce _! w+s & backs %[ m :ite fea!rs4 ,bo? h r$ eyes4 ,^? :o d _! bird+ along ! coa/ f ,s\? ,c>ol9a to ,florida w f9d birds ) light] irises & ref]r$ to z ,:ite-ey$ ,t[hees4 ,^! birds ne/ on ! gr\nd b d mo/ ( _! s++ f tops ( trees4 ,songs v>y & may include a s]ies ( notes or #a or #b notes foll[$ by a trill4 ,:5 he's ne> y w he> ,a l\d ru/l+ s\nd1 ,= he rakes z he takes ,*oice food f ! gr\nd4 ,vesp] ,sp>r[ ,pooecetes gram9eus ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,sev]al k9ds ( sp>r[s c be f\nd 9 op5 fields1 along roadside f5ces & h$g][s1 b ! ,vesp] ,sp>r[ is easie/ to id5tify4 ,if y %\ld miss ! *e/nut pat* on ! b5d ( ! w+ or ! :ite belly1 bord]$ by f9e l9es1 y /ill w notice ! :ite out]-tail fea!rs4 ,! back is a light grayi%-br[n ) d>k /ripes4 ,juncos & pipits also h :ite out]-tail fea!rs1 b adult juncos %[ no /ripes & pipits walk in/ead ( hop4 ,we/]n ,vesp] ,sp>r[s %[ less br[n 9 _! plumage1 "s be+ almo/ a light gray1 b /ill %[ d>k] l9es on _! backs1 sides & brea/s4 ,^! birds use grass & small roots 9 build+ _! ne/s1 :i* usually are 9 or ne> a clump ( grass4 ,_! eggs are grayi% :ite1 heavily m>k$ ) br[n4 ,vesp] ,sp>r[s are good s+]s4 ,_! be/ ef=ts seem to be late 9 ! ev5+1 :5 dusk replaces ! fleet+ %ad[s2 _! musical notes add a fitt+ b5$iction to ! dy+ day4 ,?is *orus acc\nts = ! "n4 ,songs v>y1 b usually />t ) #b pairs ( long melodi\s notes1 ! second pair high] 9 pit*1 !n a s]ies ( rapid notes beg9n+ /ill high]1 !n com+ d[n ! scale to end 9 a s(t w>ble4 ,y might h be5 a junco ,f m>k+s on y\r tail1 ,b y pref] ! prairies ,:]e breezes nev] fail4 ,l>k ,sp>r[ ,*onde/es grammacus ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,^! l>ge sp>r[s are easily id5tifi$4 ,no o!r sp>r[ has a :ite bord] ar\nd ! tail or ! di/9ctive *e/nut & :ite head patt]n4 ,ano!r m>k is a di/9ct1 d>k spot on ! brea/4 ,clay-color$ ,sp>r[s %[ a simil> head patt]n b light] p>ts are gray] & ! *eek pat* is dull]1 m br[n ?an *e/nut4 ,! latt]-nam$ bird has no spot on ! brea/4 ,l>k ,sp>r[s pref] op5 areas along c\ntry roads1 old or*>ds or pa/ures ) scatt]$ trees or bu%y h$ges4 ,su* habitat furni%es ne/+ sites & a pl5tiful supply ( insects1 small se$s & grit = _! use4 ,al?o usually a common species )9 its range1 ^! birds are incl9$ to be erratic & might be sc>ce "o season & abundant ! next1 ) no app>5t reason4 ,!y ne/ on or ne> ! gr\nd b l to s+ f a m elevat$ p]* su* z a f5ce1 bu% or tree4 ,"s s+ :ile hov]+ 9 ! air4 ,!y cov] a wide range b populations v>y f ye> to ye>4 ,_! song is a s]ies ( melodi\s notes1 v>y+ 9 pit* b seem+ to include a few 8*urrs0 :i* are q di/9ctive4 ,songs v>y betwe5 birds1 ea* bird giv+ a wide v>iety ( notes 9 a %ort p]iod ( "t4 ,y l ! pa/ures ,) scatt]$ trees1 ,:]e y c live ,a life ( ease4 ,*ipp+ ,sp>r[ ,spizella pass]9a ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,*ipp+ ,sp>r[s are n only ! fri5dlie/1 b "o ( ! be/-kn[n ,am]ican sp>r[s4 ,! reason is app>5t1 = y>ds1 g>d5s & p>ks furni% ideal habitat = ^! birds4 ,!y (t5 ne/ 9 v9es or bu%es j outside y\r w9d[4 ,ne/+ mat]ials include grasses1 rootlets & hairs1 horsehair be+ us$ ext5sively1 :5 available4 ,_! fondness = a horsehair l9+ 9 ! ne/ sometimes leads to casualties :5 ei!r p>5ts or "y become entangl$4 ,*ippies d]ive _! "n f _! songs1 a s]ies ( *ip notes :i* !y utt]4 ,?is is a rapid1 unmusical s]ies ( notes1 all on ! same pit*4 ,!y frequ5tly jo9 ! ,rob9s to />t ! day ) song4 ,juncos & "s ( ! w>bl]s also use a s]ies ( *ip notes 9 _! songs1 b ) m v>iations & m musical 9 quality4 ,!y fe$ heavily on insects & l>vae1 includ+ v>i\s cat]pill>s1 beetles1 ants & plant lice4 ,vegetable food am\nts to a little m ?an half _! diet & includes se$s f grasses & we$s4 ,crab grass se$s seem to be a favorite4 ,we/]n ,*ipp+ ,sp>r[s are slightly l>g] & pal] b %[ ! ru/y cap1 black beak & o!r m>k+s :i* are di/9ctive4 ,t *e/nut cap1 ,:ite l9e bel[1 ,black ?ru ! eye1 ,t's y1 we "k4 ,:ite-cr[n$ ,sp>r[ ,zonotri*ia leucophrys ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,:ite-cr[n$ ,sp>r[s are kn[n only z migrants or w9t] resid5ts to bird]s liv+ ea/ ( ! ,great ,pla9s4 ,we/]n]s are m =tunate = ,:ite-cr[ns & ! simil> ,gambel's & ,nuttall's ,sp>r[s ne/ 9 mu* ( _! area4 ,:5 flu%$ f _! fe$+ gr\nds1 ^! birds w impress y by _! al]t appe>ance4 ,! habit ( erect+ ! cr[n fea!rs makes ! head appe> r\nd & puffy1 & br+s out ! beauty ( ! broad black & :ite /ripes :i* surr\nd ! :ite cr[n4 ,^! birds h a gray ?roat & brea/1 #b w+ b>s1 grayi%-br[n backs ) d>k] /ripes4 ,! feet & bill are p9ki%4 ,a :ite l9e ov] ! eye ( ! ,:ite-cr[n$ ,sp>r[ does n ext5d to ! beak1 z x does on ,gambel's & ,nuttall's4 ,nuttall's ,sp>r[ has a yell[ bill4 ,:ite-?roat$ ,sp>r[s (t5 are f\nd 9 mix$ flocks ) ,:ite-cr[ns1 b ! =m] %[ a di/9ct :ite ?roat pat*1 h flatt] heads1 & a yell[ spot betwe5 ! bill & eye4 ,! beak is d>k4 ,:ite-cr[n$ ,sp>r[s are good s+]s4 ,_! songs v>y b usually />t ) a cle> b pla9tive :i/le4 ,we/]n v>ieties s+ diff]5tly b h a simil> quality4 ,:5 w9t] takes ,an angry mood1 ,y visit u ,9 se>* ( food4 ,song ,sp>r[ ,melospiza melodia ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,song ,sp>r[s lit]ally sang !mselves into a "n1 = few birds s+ s p]si/5tly4 ,to ,?oreau ^! birds seem$ to say3 8,maids6 maids6 maids6 hang up y\r teakettle-ettle-ettle40 ,to y x may s\nd diff]5tly1 b y /ill w he> ! %>p notes ) :i* he />ts 8 song4 ,^! are on ! same pit* ) a slight pause betwe5 ea* note4 ,f !re1 ! song is v>iable & may conta9 trills or assort$ notes on v>i\s pit*es4 ,"o bird may produce sev]al diff]5t songs4 ,^! birds pref] bru%y or we$y areas ne> wat] b may ne/ ne> y\r home if a bird ba? is h&y4 ,no o!r bird seems to take z mu* pleasure f ba?+4 ,!re are num]\s geographic =ms ( ?is bird1 :i* acc\nts = wide v>iation 9 colors & sizes4 ,! ,des]t ,song ,sp>r[ is light :ile o!rs are almo/ z ru/y z ,fox ,sp>r[s4 ,all ,song ,sp>r[s are heavily /rip$1 & %[ a di/9ct spot 9 ! c5t] ( ! brea/1 & a d>k l9e on ea* side ( ! ?roat4 ,!re is a gray /ripe ?ru ! cr[n & a broad] l9e ov] ! eyes4 ,!y usually migrate 9 ,m>* & ,octob] b w9t]+ birds (t5 are f\nd 9 ! ne/+ range4 ,x's pla9 to see ,:y y're s clean4 ,y take a ba? ,9 e /ream6 ,lapl& ,longspur ,calc>ius lapponicus ,illu/ration3 uncaption$ ,lapl& ,longspurs are birds ( ! f> nor?1 ne/+ z !y d 9 ! arctic & sub-arctic regions ( bo? ea/]n & we/]n hemisph]es4 ,!y visit u only 9 ! w9t] :5 deep sn[ & bitt] cold drive !m f _! homes4 ,flocks ( ^! sp>r[-siz$ birds may be f\nd 9 op5 fields1 prairies & pa/ures1 fe$+ on :atev] se$ or small gra9 is available4 ,!y run rapidly1 ev] on ! se>* = m food1 & may be jo9$ by ,horn$ ,l>ks at good fe$+ spots4 ,!y seem n]v\s & take w+ frequ5tly1 circle "h & !re & (t5 return to ! same location4 ,!y h a roll+1 erratic flight :i* rem9ds "o ( bl[+ leaves4 ,9 bre$+ plumage ^! birds display a lot ( color4 ,! male has a black head & *e/1 ruf\s nape1 back & sides heavily /rip$ & a :ite belly4 ,a buffy /ripe beh9d ! eye drops d[n ! neck & backw>d along ! sides ( ! *e/4 ,9 w9t] y w see a br[ni% bird ) blacki% /reaks & :ite "u p>ts4 ,9 _! eag]ness to return to _! nor!rn homes1 ,lapl& ,longspurs (t5 suff] heavy losses because ( wet spr+ sn[s4 ,_! song is v>i$ & sweet4 ,l bl[+ leaves1 ,y come & g ,across ! prairies ,fleck$ ) sn[4 ,,index ,,page ,,:5 ,,! ,,birds ,,may ,,be ,,se5 ,jan4 ,feb4 ,m>4 ,apr4 ,may4 ,jun4 ,jul4 ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,avocet #g 44 44 4444 4444 44 ,blackbird1 #bj 44 444 ,yell[-head$ ,bob:ite #e oooo oooo oooo oooo oooo oooo oooo oooo oooo oooo oooo oooo ,*at1 #ai oooo oooo oooo 4444 4444 4 ,yell[-brea/$ ,duck1 ,ruddy #d 4444 4444 44oo oooo o444 444o oooo 4444 ,egret1 ,sn[y #a 44 4444 4 ,flick]1 #i oooo oooo oooo ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx oooo oooo oooo ,yell[-%aft$ ,flycat*]1 #aa 4o oooo oooo oooo oooo 44 ,cre/$ ,gnatcat*]1 #ae 4ooo oooo oooo oo44 4444 ,blue-gray ,goose1 ,canada #b 4444 4444 4ooo oo44 444 4444 4444 ,grackle1 ,bronz$ #ba 4444 4444 o,x,x,x ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,x,xoo oo44 4444 ,grosbeak1 ,blue #ba 4444 4444 4444 ,gull1 ,r+-bill$ #h 4444 4444 4ooo oooo o4 4444 4ooo oo44 4444 ,hawk1 ,m>% #e ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx oooo oooo oooo ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,h]on1 ,gre5 #b 4 44oo ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx oooo 44 ,k+let1 #af 4444 4444 444o oooo oo4 4oo oooo 4444 4444 ,ruby-cr[n$ ,longspur1 ,lapl&1 #be oooo oooo oo44 44oo oooo ,m]gans]1 #d ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,x,x,xo oo44 4 4 44o,x ,,xxxx ,am]ican ,nu?at*1 #ac 4444 4444 4444 4444 4444 4 4 4444 4444 ,:ite-brea/$ ,oriole1 ,baltimore #bj 4o ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx oooo o4 ,owl1 ,great-horn$ #i ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,x,xoo oooo oooo oooo oooo oooo oooo oo,x,x ,,xxxx ,pelican1 ,:ite #a 44oo oo44 4444 44 44 oooo oo44 ,pewee1 ,ea/]n #aa 4ooo oooo oooo oooo 4444 ,wood ,phal>ope1 #h 44 oo4 4 444 ,wilson's ,p9tail1 ,am]ican #c ooo,x ,,xxxx ,x,x,xo oooo 44 4 4444 4ooo ,,xxxx oooo ,plov]1 ,upl& #f 444 oooo oooo oooo oooo 4 ,sisk91 ,p9e #bb 4444 4444 4444 oooo o4 4444 4444 ,snipe1 ,wilson's #f 44 444o oooo 4 44 4444 4444 ,sp>r[1 ,*ipp+ #bd 4 oooo ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx oooo 4444 44 ,sp>r[1 ,l>k #bc 4 4ooo ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ooo4 ,sp>r[1 ,song #be ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,xoo4 444 oo,x,x ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,sp>r[1 ,vesp] #bc 4444 4444 4444 4,,xxx 4 oooo 4444 4444 ,sp>r[1 #bd 4444 4444 4444 44oo ,xo44 4444 4444 4444 ,:ite-cr[n$ ,swall[1 ,cliff #ab 4oo ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,x,x,xo 4444 44 ,swall[1 ,tree #ab oooo o44 4 4444 444 ,teal1 ,blue-w+$ #c 44oo ,,xxxx ,,xxxx oo44 4o ,,xxxx ,x,x,xo 44 ,?ra%]1 ,br[n #ad 4444 4444 4444 o,x,x,x ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx oooo oooo oo44 4444 4444 ,?ru%1 #ae 4o ,x,x,xo 4 444 44 ,olive-back$ ,?ru%1 ,wood #ad 4 o,x,x,x ,,xxxx ,xo44 4444 4444 4 ,t[hee1 ,r$-ey$ #bb 4444 4444 4444 oooo oooo oooo oo44 4444 4444 4444 4444 4444 ,vireo1 ,w>bl+ #ag 4o ,,xxxx ,,xxxx oo44 4444 4444 ,w>bl]1 ,black #ag 4o oooo 44 44 & ,:ite ,w>bl]1 ,wilson's #ai 4oo4 4444 ,w>bl]1 ,yell[ #ah 4o ,,xxxx ,x,xoo oo44 444 44 ,wat]-?ru%1 #ah 4 oooo 4 444 444 ,nor!rn ,waxw+1 ,c$> #af oooo ,,xxxx oo44 4444 4444 4444 44 4444 44oo oooo ,woodpeck]1 #aj ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,r$-belli$ ,woodpeck]1 #aj 4444 4444 4444 44oo ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,,xxxx ,x,x,xo 4444 4444 4444 ,r$-head$ ,wr51 ,c>ol9a #ac oooo oooo oooo oooo oooo oooo oooo oooo oooo oooo oooo oooo ,yell[-legs1 #g 4oo ,,xxxx ,xo4 4 oooo oooo oo44 4 ,great] 4 ,! dot or p]iod indicates ! bird is se5 occasionally4 o ,! small o %[s ! bird is se5 m frequ5tly4 ,x ,! capital ,x %[s ! bird is se5 commonly4 ,= example1 dur+ ,janu>y & ,febru>y1 ! ,bronz$ ,grackle is se5 r>ely4 ,! fir/ week 9 ,m>*1 x is se5 m frequ5tly1 aft] :i* x is se5 commonly until ! middle ( ,octob]4 ,! table is bas$ on bird c5sus figures collect$ )9 a radius ( #ej miles ( ,topeka1 ,kansas4 ,y\r area may %[ diff]5t results4 ,kansas ,f>m] ,miss\ri ,rurali/ ,! ,topeka ,daily ,capital ,,wibw ,,wibw-,,tv ,! ,kansas ,city ,kansan ,,/ate ,,j\rnal ,capp]'s ,weekly ,mi*igan ,f>m] ,! ,ohio ,f>m] ,p5nsylvania ,f>m] ,,h\sehold ,capp]'s ,f>m] ,capp] ,publications1 ,inc4 ,,eigh? ,,& ,,jackson ,,/reet1 ,,topeka1 ,,kansas ,transcrib]'s ,notes --,sil5tly correct$ a few typos4 --,reta9$ publication in=mation f ! pr9t$ edition3 ?is e,book is public-doma9 9 ! c\ntry ( publication4 --,9 ! text v]sions only1 text 9 italics is delimit$ by und]scores4