file :i* includes ! orig9al illu/rations4 ,see #fbdca-;h4htm or #fbdca-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/ca*e_/epub_/ #fbdca_/pg#fbdca-;images4html7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/files_/#fbdc a_/fbdca-;h4zip7 ,images ( ! orig9al pages are available ?r\gh ,int]net ,ar*ive4 ,see https3_/_/ar*ive4org_/details_/etruscant ombpa9#jjp\l ,transcrib]'s note3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74 ,sup]script$ *>act]s are enclos$ by curly brackets imm$iately aft] a c>et "* 7example3 inscriptionum ,graec>um1#c7 ,page head+s1 m>k$ z sid5otes1 are plac$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! relevant p>agraph4 ,footnotes are locat$ at ! end ( ea* *apt]4 ,,etruscan ,,tomb ,,pa9t+s 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,ox=d ,univ]sity ,press ,london ,ed9burgh ,glasg[ ,cop5hag5 ,new ,york ,toronto ,melb\rne ,cape ,t[n ,bombay ,calcutta ,madras ,%anghai ,humphrey ,mil=d ,publi%] to ! ,,univ]sity 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4 #8,,la ,,bella ,,ball]9a' ,,9 ,,! ,,tomba ,,francesca ,,giu/9iani ,aft] ! facsimile ( ! ,ny ,c>lsb]g ,glyptotek ,frontispiece ,,etruscan ,,tomb ,,pa9t+s ,_! ,subjects & ,significance by ,,fr$]ik ,,p\ls5 ,keep] ( ! ,classical ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,ny ,c>lsb]g ,glyptotek1 ,cop5hag5 ,fell[ ( ! ,dani% ,royal ,society ,translat$ by ,+eborg ,&]s51 ,m4,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,publi%]'s ,device ,ox=d ,at ! ,cl>5don ,press #aibb ,,to ,,my ,,fri5d ,,9 ,,/udies ,,& ,,travels ,,ove ,j,,rg5s51 ,m4,a4 ,,preface ,! foll[+ sket* is bas$ ^u inve/igations made 9 ! ,etruscan ,tombs at ,corneto & ,*iusi1 & on comp>ison ( ! orig9al wall-pa9t+s ) ! facsimiles & draw+s made f !m & pres]v$ 9 ! ,helbig ,museum 9 ! ,ny ,c>lsb]g ,glyptotek4 ,x 0 orig9ally publi%$ 9 ,dani%1 9 #aiai1 z a guide to /ud5ts 9 t ,dep>tm5t4 ,i am greatly indebt$ to ,mr4 ,g4 ,f4 ,hill1 ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 = 8 revision ( ! translation4 ,mean:ile ! fir/ volume ( ! promis$ "w ( ,fritz ,weege 7,etruskis*e ,mal]ei1 ,halle1 #aiba7 has appe>$1 copi\sly & spl5didly illu/rat$4 ,! text conta9s g5]al views conc]n+ ,etruscan religion & society r ?an descriptions ( ! pa9t+s !mselves1 & ,i _c refra9 f say+ t ,i f9d ,weege's /atem5ts & op9ions1 & ! p>allels :i* he adduces1 too (t5 m fanciful ?an conv9c+1 9 spite ( ! va/ erudition display$ !re94 ,i d n f9d any?+ 9 my own text :i* ,i feel incl9$ to alt] aft] read+ 8 book4 ,,fr$]ik ,,p\ls54 ,,cop5hag51 ,janu>y #aiba4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,fac+ page #a ,wall-pa9t+ f ! ,tomba ,campana #g #b ,ma9 picture 9 ! ,tomba dei ,tori at ,corneto #g #c ,back wall 9 ! ,tomba degli ,auguri #aa #d ,"r ma9 wall 9 ! ,tomba degli ,auguri #ab #e ,"p ( ! left ma9 wall 9 ! ,tomba degli ,auguri4 7,aft] a col\r$ draw+ 9 ! ,helbig ,museum7 #ab #f ,pa9t+ f ! ,tomba del ,pulc9ella #ab #g ,left ma9 wall ( ! ,tomba delle ,iscrizioni #ae #h ,back wall ( ! ,tomba delle ,iscrizioni #ae #i ,picture f ! ,tomba del ,morto at ,corneto #af #aj ,picture f ! ,tomba del ,tricl9io #af #aa #8,la bella ball]9a' 9 ! ,tomba ,francesca ,giu/9iani ,frontispiece #ab ,"r ma9 wall 9 ! ,tomba delle ,iscrizioni #ai #ac ,back wall 9 ! ,tomba delle ,leonesse at ,corneto #bj #ad ,left ma9 wall 9 ! ,tomba del ,b>one #bj #ae ,"r ma9 wall 9 ! ,tomba delle ,bighe #bb #af ,etruscan t]racotta head 9 ! ,ny ,c>lsb]g ,glyptotek #bb #ag ,"p ( ! small frieze 9 ! ,tomba delle ,bighe4 7,aft] ,ar*4 ,jahrb4 #aiaf7 #bb #ah ,wall-pa9t+ f ! ,tomba del ,mor5te3 ! lasso+ ( ! horse #bd #ai ,"p ( ! small frieze 9 ! ,tomba delle ,bighe4 7,aft] ,ar*4 ,jahrb4 #aiaf7 #bd #bj ,"p ( ! ,tomba della ,scimmia at ,*iusi #bd #ba ,"p ( ! small frieze 9 ! ,tomba delle ,bighe4 7,aft] ,ar*4 ,jahrb4 #aiaf7 #bg #bb ,"p ( ! small frieze 9 ! ,tomba delle ,bighe4 7,aft] ,ar*4 ,jahrb4 #aiaf7 #bg #bc ,symposium 9 ! ,tomba delle ,bighe #bg #bd ,back wall 9 ! ,tomba dei ,leop>di 7,aft] ,ar*4 ,jahrb4 #aiaf4 ,pl4 #i7 #ca #be ,m>ri$ c\ple on an ,etruscan c9]>y urn #ca #bf ,picture f ! ,tomba degli ,scudi at ,corneto #ce #bg ,picture f ! ,tomba degli ,scudi at ,corneto4 7,aft] a col\r$ draw+ 9 ! ,helbig ,museum7 #ce #bh ,arn? ,vel*as & wife on c\*4 ,picture 9 ! ,tomba dell' ,orco 7,aft] a col\r$ draw+ 9 ! ,helbig ,museum7 #cf #bi ,head ( ,arn? ,vel*as' wife4 ,f ! ,tomba dell' ,orco #cg #cj ,back wall 9 ! ,tomba del ,vec*io #cg #ca ,symposium 9 ! ,tomba ,gol9i at ,orvieto #ch #cb ,wall-pa9t+ 9 ! ,tomba ,gol9i #ch #cc ,kit*5 int]ior 9 ! ,tomba ,gol9i #dj #cd ,pa9t+ 9 ! ,tomba del ,letto funebre1 at ,corneto #dj #ce ,demon 9 ! ,tomba dell' ,orco #di #cf ,picture 9 ! ,tomba dell' ,orco at ,corneto #ej #cg ,hades1 ,p]sephone & ,g]yon 9 ! ,tomba dell' ,orco #ej #ch ,draw+ f ,mi*elangelo's sket*-book #ea #ci ,wall-pa9t+ f ! ,tomba ,franois at ,vulci #ed #dj ,pa9t+ 9 ! ,tomba ,gol9i at ,orvieto #ed #da ,pa9t+ f ! ,tomba della ,pulcella #ed #db ,relief on a tomb alt> f ,*iusi4 ,9 ! ,b>racco ,collection 9 ,rome #ef #dc ,c9]>y urn f ,*iusi #ef #dd ,roman s>cophagus 9 ! ,ny ,c>lsb]g ,glyptotek #eh #de ,procession ( ! dead 9 ! ,tomba del ,tifone #eh #df ,pa9t$ frieze 9 ! ,tomba del ,c>d9ale #eh #dg ,"p ( ! frieze 9 ! ,tomba del ,c>d9ale #eh ,,etruscan ,,tomb-,,pa9t+s ,i ,! tombs & tomb-pa9t+s ( ,etruria con/itute a field ( ar*aeology 9 :i* ! inve/igator is p>ticul>ly apt to be rem9d$ ( num]\s s9s ( omission & to be haunt$ by a pa9fully uneasy consci5ce4 ,inde$1 ! old] ar*aeologi/s h less reason to plead guilty be=e ! b> ( sci5ce ?an ^? ( m rec5t times4 ,:5 ! discov]y & excavation ( ! ,etruscan tombs began to make headway 9 ! tw5ties ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 publications 9 text & illu/rations foll[$ comp>atively close ^u ! discov]ies4 ,! fir/ mis=tune1 h[ev]1 took place :5 ?ree ( ! mo/ int]e/+ tombs 7 publi%$1 ! ,tomba delle ,bighe1 ! ,tomba delle ,iscrizioni1 & ! ,tomba del ,b>one4 ,sid5ote3 ,,/ackelb]g ,,& ,,ke/n] ,x 0 ! major-domo ( ! ,bi%op ( ,corneto1 ,vittorio ,masi1 :o fir/ op5$ !m toge!r ) o!r tombs 9 ! vic9ity ( ,corneto4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahbg he invit$ two ,g]man b>ons1 ,/ackelb]g1 an able ar*aeologi/1 & ,ke/n]1 ! ,hanov]ian ambassador 9 ,rome1 to inspect !m1 &1 if !y s desir$1 to survey1 draw1 & publi% ! pictures 9 ! tombs4 ,! two m5 arriv$1 accompani$ by ,?rm]1 a ,bav>ian ar*itect1 to f9d ! tombs !mselves despoil$ ( _! accessories1 b ! walls cov]$ ) wond]ful pictures dat+ f ! six? & fif? c5turies ,b4,c4 ,!y set to "w imm$iately1 /udy+ & copy+ ! pictures 9 ! ri*e/ ( ! tombs1 ! ,tomba delle ,bighe4 ,/ackelb]g made five *>m+ wat]-col\rs 9 ord] to save ! col\r+ = po/]ity2 ,?rm] execut$ elev5 c>eful draw+s4 ,9 all1 ! two m5 pa9t$ & drew two hundr$ & tw5ty-five figures1 & ! :ole ( ! mat]ial is n[ pres]v$ 9 ! ,ar*aeological ,sem9> ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,/rasburg4 ,9 8 di>y ,/ackelb]g gives a vivid description ( ! discom=t :i* !y exp]i5c$1 draw+ by tor*light 9 ! cold1 dank tomb-*amb]1 & only em]g+ n[ & !n into ! w>m ,italian spr+ sunlight 9 ord] to recup]ate or to enjoy a light repa/ on ! top ( ! tumulus1 comm&+ a view ( ! sea4 ,to ?is 7 add$ fatigu+ social duties2 local patriotism 0 ar\s$ 9 ,corneto2 ! noble families 9 ! t[n vi$ 9 display+ hospitality to ! ,g]mans1 & big banquets 7 held1 at :i* sonnets 7 recit$ to ! #8h]oes' :o once slept 9 ! tombs4 ,! draw+ & copy+ ( ! col\rs on ! walls 9 ! ,tomb ( ! ,*>iots1 z well z 9 ! ,tomb ( ! ,inscriptions & 9 ! ,tomb ( ! ,b>on--s call$ aft] ,b>on ,ke/n]--7 rightly consid]$ ! *ief matt]1 because 9 ! v fir/ summ] aft] !y 7 op5$1 ! dampness ( ! tombs 9 a few weeks ru9$ l>ge portions ( !m1 especially 9 ! ,tomba delle ,bighe4 ,aft] 8 return to ,rome1 ,b>on ,/ackelb]g caught typhoid fev] & did n recov] till late 9 ! w9t]4 ,9 ! next spr+ he w5t to ,g]many1 :]e 8 excavations _h creat$ su* an imm5se s5sation t ev5 ! ag$ ,goe! ask$ ,/ackelb]g to d9e ) him 9 ,weim> & /udi$ ! draw+s ) ! greate/ int]e/4 ,b1 9 spite ( ! national en?usiasm call$ =? by ! excavations1 ! project$ great "w came to no?+2 ! col\r$ plates ( ! pa9t+s1 ) ! !n exi/+ means ( reproduction1 promis$ to be s exp5sive t ! publi%]s took al>m4 ,p5d+ ^! negotiations1 ! pa9t+s f ! ?ree tombs 7 publi%$ 9 ,fr5* & ,italian works 9 v poor & incorrect reproductions1 & no o!r reproductions 7 available till #aiaf1 :5 ! ,g]man ar*aeologi/1 ,weege1 at la/ manag$ to br+ out an admirable publication ( ! ,tomba delle ,bighe1 ! mo/ important ( ! ?ree tombs4#a ,simil> uncol\r$1 n v reliable draw+s cont9u$ to be ! me?od ( reproduc+ ! ,etruscan tomb-pa9t+s 9 ! foll[+ decades2 aft] ^! draw+s 7 made ! reproductions 9 h&books l ,jules ,m>?a's ,l',art trusque 7,p>is1 #ahhi74 ,an ,engli%man1 ,george ,d5nis1 9 8 ,cities & ,cemet]ies ( ,etruria 7,london1 #ahgh71 gives a vivid description ( ,tuscan sc5]y & ( ! anci5t tombs4 ,at times he rises to a lyrical en?usiasm2 = in/ance1 9 8 description ( a danc+ figure1 #8la bella ball]9a di ,corneto'1 9 ! ,tomba ,francesca ,giu/9iani4 ,b nei!r ,d5nis nor any lat] visitor procur$ copies :i* come up to _! en?usiasm2 9 fact1 ! beautiful ball]9a has nev] ev5 be5 drawn or photograph$1 & is n to be f\nd 9 any "w on ar*aeology or art4 ,d5nis's book ?r[s a dreadful light ^u contempor>y excavation4 ,ab\t ,veii1 he writes t ! great] "p ( ! di/rict belongs to ! ,que5 ( ,s>d9ia1 :o 9 ! excavat+ season positively lets out tracts ( l& to ,roman deal]s1 :o rifle ! tombs ( ev]y?+ conv]tible into ca% & !n cov] !m 9 ) e>?4 ,he describes su* an excavation at ,vulci3 a tomb be+ op5$1 no?+ b pott]y 0 f\nd2 ! excavators1 9 _! disgu/1 sma%$ & de/roy$ ev]y?+1 9 spite ( ! ,engli% travell]'s prote/s & entreaties4 ,?is took place on ! e/ate ( ! ,pr9cess ( ,can9o4#b ,sid5ote3 ,,mod]n ,,lit]ature ,?is happ5$ 9 ! sixties4 ,9 ! sev5ties su* v&alism comes to an end2 b ! publications d n improve4 ,= example1 9 ! excell5t article on ! ,tomba ,franois at ,vulci :i* ,krte publi%$ 9 ! ,ar*ologis*es ,jahrbu* = #ahig1 ! illu/rations are poor3 & x 0 n until #aijg t ,krte publi%$1 9 ! second volume ( ! ,antike ,d5kml]1 beautiful col\r$ reproductions ( ! pa9t+s 9 ?ree tombs at ,corneto1 ! ,tomba dei ,tori1 ! ,tomba delle ,leonesse1 & ! ,tomba della ,pulcella4 ,a popul> description by ,m>y ,lovett ,cam]on1 ,old ,etruria & ,mod]n ,tuscany 7,london1 #aiji71 m>ks no progress z f> z ! illu/rations are conc]n$1 & ! text is amateuri% & sup]ficial4#c ,von ,/ryk's diss]tation1 ,die etruskis*5 ,kamm]grb]1 publi%$ at ,dorpat 9 #aiaj1 is unillu/rat$3 ! text is full ( errors1 & 9 ! discursive descriptions no acc\nt is tak5 ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! pres5t /ate ( ! tomb-pa9t+s & t reveal$ by ! e>li] publications4 ,weege's above-m5tion$ article on ! ,tomba delle ,bighe & ! ,tomba dei ,leop>di only appe>$ 9 #aiaf3 "h at la/ ! entire mat]ial is utiliz$--! old draw+s & descriptions1 mod]n photographs1 & ! au?or's own c>eful notes4 ,accord+ to a prospectus rec5tly issu$1 a l>g] "w on ,etruscan tomb-pa9t+s1 by ! same au?or1 is %ortly to appe>2 x w be await$ ) int]e/4 ,x is to be hop$ t ,mr4 ,weege's book w supply a want :i* is felt ! m acutely :5 we consid] ! gr[+ int]e/ 9 antique pa9t+ display$ 9 ! la/ decades4 ,9 #aijd ,furtwngl]1 ) ! assi/ance ( ! pa9t] ,rei*hold1 began ! publication ( ! great "w on ! ma/]pieces ( ,greek vase-pa9t+ 7,grie*is*e ,vas5mal]ei71 :i* 0 cont9u$ by ,haus]3 "p ( ! ?ird volume is n[ publi%$4 ,9 #aijf appe>$ ! fir/ in/alm5t ( ,paul ,h]mann's great collection ( plates aft] antique1 especially ,pompeian1 wall-pa9t+2 ?is "w1 :i* is /ill 9 progress1 conta9s beautiful reproductions ) & )\t col\rs 7,d5kml] d] ,mal]ei des ,alt]tums74 ,f9ally1 9 #aiad1 ,wal!r ,riezl] publi%$ a spl5did "w on ! :ite ,attic leky?oi 7,weissgrndige attis*e ,leky!n74 ,b dur+ ^! ye>s nobody ?\ght ( br++ to light ! treasures hidd5 away 9 ! sepul*ral *amb]s ( ,corneto1 ,*iusi1 & ,orvieto1 al?\gh ^! pictures 7 mu* m expos$ to de/ruction ?an ei!r ! vases 9 ! well-gu>d$ rooms ( ! ,museums or ! ,pompeian wall-pa9t+s4 ,= aft] heavy %[]s ! floors ( ! deeply sunk tombs ( ,corneto are "u wat]1 & ! damp !n loos5s ! tufa ( ! walls s t ! lay] ( /ucco1 on :i* ! col\rs are laid al fresco1 peels (f4 ,! heavy iron doors :i* ! ,italian ,gov]nm5t has plac$ be=e ! entrances are worse ?an useless1 because !y %ut ! moi/ure 9 & prev5t ! tombs f gett+ dry4 ,if ^! doors _h be5 plac$ at ! top ( ! /airs lead+ to ! tombs1 ?us *ang+ place ) ! lattice doors :i* are n[ !re1 all w\ld h be5 well4 ,at ,corneto1 x is moi/ure :i* demoli%es ! /ucco lay]1 v>y+ f to #a cm4 9 ?ickness1 & blea*es ! col\rs--r$ *alk1 v]milion1 lime-col\r1 o*re1 cobalt1 & copp] col\rs1 at ,*iusi x is ! dr\ght :i* mo/ frequ5tly de/roys ! pa9t+s1 ! col\rs "h be+ laid directly on ! /one walls4 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,ny ,,c>lsb]g ,,facsimiles ,we h1 !re=e1 e reason to be deeply grateful to ! late ,c>l ,jacobs5 :o1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9eties1 _h ! ,etruscan tomb-pa9t+s facsimil$ on _! actual scale4 ,a some:at simil> exp]im5t _h already be5 tri$1 & ! result is a numb] ( facsimiles pres]v$ 9 ! ,museo ,gregoriano ( ! ,vatican1 b ^! are m decorative ?an exact4 ,at fir/1 ! ,italian pa9t]s1 to :om ,helbig1 at ! reque/ ( ,c>l ,jacobs51 entru/$ ! task--! fir/ 0 ,m>ozzi--evid5tly imag9$ t ,c>l ,jacobs5 want$ ^! pa9t+s z mural decorations = 8 museum & _h no arti/ic or sci5tific aim 9 ,view1 & lett]s f ,helbig %[ t1 z late z #ahie1 he did n scruple to let ,bec*i1 ! pa9t]1 fill 9 a damag$ head f a picture 9 ! ,tomba dei ,vasi ,dip9ti aft] ! reproduction 9 ,monum5ti1 vol4 ix 7#ahgj74 ,! fir/ copies s5t to ! ,ny ,c>lsb]g ,glyptotek 7 !re=e ( ! same #8picture-po/c>d' col\r+ z ! e>li] ones 9 ! ,museo ,gregoriano1 b gradually ,c>l ,jacobs5 increas$ ! rig\r ( 8 dem&s = consci5ti\s exactitude1 & ! facsimiles n[ on exhibition 9 ! ,helbig ,museum ( ! ,ny ,c>lsb]g ,glyptotek are almo/ all execut$ accord+ to ! m mod]n & bett] pr9ciples ( copy+4 ,to be sure1 ^! copies /ill leave a great deal to be desir$ 9 ! way ( sci5tific exactitude2 ,i h be5 able myself to asc]ta9 ?is by a c>eful comp>ison ) notes tak5 f ! orig9als 9 ! tombs ( ,corneto1 & ,weege m especially has po9t$ out r grave mi/akes 9 ! copies ( ! pa9t+s f ! ,tomba delle ,bighe4 ,b ^! may be supplem5t$ by a s]ies ( beautiful col\r$ draw+s dat+ f ! la/ ye>s ( ,jacobs5's life3 !y are fram$ & con/itute a :ole picture-book op5 to ! public 9 ! ,helbig ,collection4 ,a l>ge numb] ( gr\nd plans & decorative details are includ$ 9 ^! draw+s1 9 addition to ! mo/ important ( ! pa9t+s1 & "h ! copy+ has be5 execut$ ) great accuracy4 ,! ,ny ,c>lsb]g ,glyptotek1 !n1 ?anks to ,c>l ,jacobs51 is ! place :]e inve/igators c mo/ easily =m an idea ( ! developm5t ( ,etruscan wall-pa9t+1 f> m easily ?an 9 ,flor5ce :]e ! late ,director1 ,milani1 ord]$ new copies :i*1 9 my op9ion1 are consid]ably inf]ior to ^? ( ,c>l ,jacobs54 ,b = all t1 ! facsimiles ( ! ,ny ,c>lsb]g ,glyptotek ought n to be ! la/ ^w ( sci5ce on ! subject4 ,mr4 ,weege proposes1 z ! me?od ( ! future1 ! tak+ 9 ! tombs !mselves ( gigantic photographs on :i* c>eful pa9t]s might add ! col\r+2 in/ead ( two !re w ?us only be "o possibility ( di/ortion1 namely1 9 ! col\rs !mselves4 ,b "o might p]haps g /ill fur!r & take l>ge *romatic photographs :i* w\ld fix bo? =ms & col\rs = all "t1 s t we might view ! gradual de/ruction ( ! orig9als ) less dismay ?an at pres5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,,future ,,reproductions ,a detail$ e/imate ( ! arti/ic significance & prop]ties ( ! ,etruscan wall-pa9t+s is n yet possible1 if only because no adequate pictures = reproduction exi/4 ,:at c be done--& :at w be attempt$ 9 ! foll[+ pages--is to give an acc\nt ( ! cont5t ( ! pictures & ( ! ma9 l9es ( _! developm5t4 ,ev5 t is n sup]flu\s4 ,inve/igators h nev] really giv5 !mselves "t to ent] deeply into ! _s & cont5t ( ^! pictures1 or to ask !mselves ! "q :i* arises1 "o may say1 ) e picture1 namely1 h[ f> ! repres5tation is a loan f ,greek art & civilization1 & h[ f> x be>s ! local ,etruscan /amp4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a ,,wall-,,pa9t+ ,,f ,,! ,,tomba ,,campana ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b ,,ma9 ,,picture ,,9 ,,! ,,tomba ,,dei ,,tori ,,at ,,corneto ,,footnotes3 #a ,jahrbu* des deuts*5 ar*ologis*5 ,in/ituts1 xxxi4 #aiaf1 p4 #ajf ff4 #b ,cities & ,cemet]ies1 p4 #aai4 #c ,! same is true ( ! second edition ( ,luigi ,da/i's ,notizie di ,t>qu9ia-,corneto1 #aiaj4 ,,ii ,sid5ote3 ,,tomba ,,campana ,,at ,,veii ,! fir/ /age ( developm5t is repres5t$ by ! ,tomba ,campana at ,veii4 ,?is tomb 0 discov]$ 9 #ahdc1 & a good description ( x is giv5 by ,can9a 9 ,antica ,citt di ,veii 7#ahdg71 b x has nev] be5 publi%$ ) adequate illu/rations4 ,a new & ?or\gh treatm5t ( ! ornam5tation & motives ( its pictures is giv5 9 a ,leipzig diss]tation by ,&reas ,rumpf 7,die ,w&mal]ei5 9 ,veii1 #aiae74 ,b ?is1 too1 is )\t illu/rations4 ,! c5tral doorway ( ! back wall is provid$ ) an ornam5tal pa9t$ bord] & flank$ by pa9t+s 9 yell[1 grey1 & r$ on a blue gr\nd4 ,! "w is primitive4 ,! ornam5tation is ak9 to t ( ,greek vase-pa9t+ ( ! sev5? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,! pictures are purely decorative3 animals & fabul\s animals su* z lion1 sph9x1 de]1 & pan!r fill ! surface side by side ) lotus-fl[]s & palmettes4 ,!re is no n>rative elem5t4 ,to be sure1 ,weege1 l o!rs be=e him1 has tri$ to con/rue "o ( ! pictures 7fig4 #a7 into a my?ological sc5e3 ! boy on ! horse1 :i* is l$ by ! bridle by a man walk+ beh9d1 is ?\ght to be a dead man on 8 way to ,hades1 & ! man ) ! lo9-clo?1 c>ry+ an axe ov] 8 %\ld]1 to ! left 9 front ( ! horse1 to be ! ,etruscan dea?-god & conductor ( s\ls1 ,*>un1 to :om we %all return lat]4 ,weege also ?9ks t ! animal cr\*+ on ! back ( ! horse is a hunt+ leop>d4 ,b1 ap>t f ! r puzzl+ "q1 :at ! hunt+ leop>d has to d ) ! ride to ,hades1 ! animal is n a hunt+ leop>d at all3 x is a fel9e animal ) a %ort tail1 :ile ! hunt+ leop>d has a long tail4 ,! animal 0 only plac$ !re to fill up ! space1 ?us illu/rat+ ! pov]ty ( ideas 9 ^! pictures4 ,moreov]1 z ! man ) ! axe is n *>act]iz$ z ,*>un1 ei!r by col\r or by dress1 x seems unnecess>y to =ce a my?ological explanation4 ,! human figures 9 ?is picture1 z 9 ! ,melian vases ( ! sev5? c5tury ,b4,c41 are purely decorative3 !y ride :5 ! space above ! back ( ! horse has to be fill$ 91 & !y walk :5 a long1 n>r[ field makes ! human figure m appropriate ?an a seat$ or walk+ animal z a means ( fill+ ! space4 ,! absurd alt]nation ( col\rs )9 ! same figure1 e s+le animal be+ col\r$ 9 comp>tm5ts ( yell[ & r$ & hav+ alt]nately r$ & yell[ legs1 af=ds a good in/ance ( purely decorative conception & sugge/s ! idea ( wov5 tape/ry4 ,h5ce x is an all b obvi\s conclusion to imag9e1 z prototype ( ?is pa9t+1 "s magnific5tly col\r$ wall-tape/ry import$ into ,etruria 9 ! sev5? c5tury ,b4,c4 f ,crete or "o ( ! isl&s 9 ! ,aegean ,sea1 to ! vase-pa9t+s ( :i* ! ornam5tation ( ! tomb %[s close aff9ity4#d ,?us !re is 9 ^! pictures nei!r any action nor any ref]5ce to dea? or ! tomb4 ,!y s]ve z a decorative ornam5tation ( ! tomb-*amb]1 l ! six pa9t$ %ields 9 ! inn] *amb] ( ! tomb1 :i* sugge/ ^? #8brass circles' m5tion$ by ,livy 7,,viii1 #bj1 #h7 z common votive (f]+s 9 e>ly ,rome4 ,we c imag9e ! home ( a ri* ,etruscan 9 ! sev5? c5tury decorat$ ) simil> frescoes3 pa9t$ tape/ries & pa9t$ %ields z sub/itutes = real wall-tape/ries & metal %ields4#e ,! ,tomba ,campana is ! mo/ impressive b n ! only repres5tative ( ?is e>lie/ class ( tombs1 9 ! ornam5tation ( :i* only decorative consid]ations h be5 kept 9 view4 ,tombs at ,cosa1 ,*iusi1 ,magliano1 & ,ca]e conta9 /ill m primitive pa9t+s ( ! same sort1 b !y are badly pres]v$ & /ill m imp]fectly describ$4#f ,,footnotes3 #d ,cp4 ,fr4 ,p\ls51 ,d] ,ori5t & die frhgrie*is*e ,kun/1 p4 #abh1 :]e ,i tri$ to prove t ! pictures ( ! tomb are influ5c$ by ! art & /yle ( decoration ( ! isl& ( ,cyprus4 ,rumpf 7op4 cit4 #ej7 0 ne>] ! m>k 9 p]ceiv+ ! connexion ) ! decorative art ( ,crete & ! ,cyclades 9 ! sev5? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,! horsem51 9 p>ticul>1 recall ! frieze f ,pr9ia 9 ,crete1 ,bollett9o d',arte1 #aijh1 p4 #deg ff4 #e ,%ields 7 also common mural decorations ) ! e>ly ,greeks1 cp4 ,p\ls51 ,ori5t1 p4 #gg1 & ,alcaeus1 fragm4 #ae 7,b]gk74 #f ,see ! summ>y acc\nt 9 ,rumpf1 op4 cit4 #fa ff4 ,,iii ,sid5ote3 ,,tomba ,,dei ,,tori ,,at ,,corneto ,! next /age 9 ! developm5t is repres5t$ by ! ,tomba dei ,tori at ,corneto1 discov]$ 9 #ahib & admirably publi%$ by ,g4 ,krte 9 ,antike ,d5kml]4#g ,! back wall ( ! ma9 *amb] 9 ?is tomb has two doors1 & x is betwe5 ^! t ! "o l>ge figure pa9t+ is plac$1 aga9 9 su* a way z to sugge/ a tape/ry /ret*$ on ! wall 7fig4 #b74 ,b n[ ! picture has a n>rative cont5t1 inasmu* z a sc5e f ! ,greek cycle ( my?s is depict$3 ,a*illes wat*es = ! ,trojan pr9ce ,troilus at a well4 ,a*illes1 to ! left1 we>s a cre/$ ,cor9?ian helmet1 sword1 greaves1 & r$ lo9-clo?4 ,troilus is nak$ & only decorat$ ) armlets & elegant %oes4 ,he we>s 8 hair long1 accord+ to ,ionic fa%ion1 & 9 8 h& he c>ries a goad 7k5tron74 ,?is is1 z a rule1 only us$ :5 two horses are ridd51 & ! draw+ %[s traces ( d\ble cont\rs ne> ! head & ! "r leg ( ! horse2 x is probable1 !re=e1 t two horses 7 orig9ally plann$4 ,9 ?is picture also1 ! proportions ( man & horse are impossible1 b progress is p]ceptible 9 ! mono*romatic treatm5t ( ! body & legs ( ! horse4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! old mann] ( pa9t+ 9 /ripes or comp>tm5ts is /ill reta9$ 9 ! runn+ *im]a 9 ! p$im5t above2 x also l+]s = a v long "t 9 ! p$im5tal figures ( ! foll[+ p]iod4 ,! /yle is ,ionic ( ! fir/ half ( ! six? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,a truly ,ionian mon/]1 creat$ "u ,ori5tal influ5ce1 is ! human-fac$ bull 9 ! p$im5t above ! door1 "o ( ! two bulls f :i* ! tomb d]ives its "n1 & :i* are omitt$ "h because ( ! obsc5e gr\ps on ei!r side ( !m4 ,o!r decorative details po9t to ,cyr5e & ,egypt1 especially ! *>act]i/ic frieze ( lotuses & pomegranates1 :i* corresponds ) ! ,cyr5aic vases ( ! six? c5tury ,b4,c41 & ! /yliz$ fl[]-b$ "u ! belly ( ! horse1 :i* has its orig9 9 ,egyptian & its p>allels 9 ,pho5ician & 9 ori5taliz+ ,greek art4#h ,9 ?is tomb ! pa9t+ is n execut$ al fresco b 9 a yell[i%-:ite pigm5t :i* un=tunately scales (f 9 l>ge flakes4 ,?us 9 ! ,tomba dei ,tori1 besides a decorative treatm5t ( ! wall surface ) friezes1 we h a ma9 picture ) a my?ological subject1 pa9t$ 9 ! ,greek _s & p]haps actually execut$ by a ,greek mural pa9t]4 ,we d n f9d ev5 ! slighte/ allusion to dea? or entombm5t1 or ! lea/ trace ( any ,etruscan *>act]i/ics4 ,! inscription 9 ! l>ge frieze is ( int]e/ because x %[s ! ,etruscan language 9 its ar*aic =m1 ) a ri* vocalization :i* mu/ h made x mu* m euphoni\s ?an ! language spok5 lat]1 9 ! f\r? or foll[+ c5turies4 ,! inscription runs3 #8arn? spuriana su?il hece ce f>iceka1' & means1 #8,aruns ,spur9na monum5tum sepulcrale 444 condidit1 adornavit1' or ! l4#i ,,footnotes3 #g ,,ii1 ,tafel #da1 & ,hilf/afel #a-h4 #h ,p\ls51 ,ori5t1 p4 #fg4 #i ,i am greatly indebt$ to ,pr(essor ,o4 ,a4 ,danielsson ( ,upsala = in=mation ab\t ?is z well z ab\t o!r inscriptions1 & = num]\s l+ui/ic sugge/ions on ! g5]al subject ( my treatise4 ,,iv ,a consid]able gr\p ( ,etruscan tomb-pa9t+s1 dat+ f ! middle ( ! six? c5tury1 %[ 9 _! composition close connexion ) ,ionic vase-pa9t+1 especially ) ! s-call$ ,ca]etan hydriae1 :ile _! ma9 pictures tell u some?+ ab\t ! ,etruscans !mselves & _! conceptions ( ,life & ,dea? & ,et]nity4 ,only 9 ! animal friezes b5ea? ! pa9t$ ro(-supports does ! old decorative conception ( ! human & animal figure /ill l+]2 else:]e ! pictures n[ h cont5t & mean+4 ,sid5ote3 ,,tomba ,,degli ,,auguri ,we may take ! ,tomba degli ,auguri 9 ,corneto1 discov]$ 9 #ahgh1 z our />t+-po9t4 ,!re are col\r$ draw+s z well z full-siz$ facsimiles ( its pictures 9 ! ,helbig ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,,back ,,wall ,,9 ,,! ,,tomba ,,degli ,,auguri ,! middle ( ! back wall ( ?is tomb is occupi$ by a pa9t$ door flank$ by two m5 9 :ite *itons & %ort black cloaks l9$ ) r$2 on _! feet are peak$ %oes4 ,!y raise bo? arms 9 a ge/ure ( lam5t1 #8beat+ _! =eheads' z ! anci5t texts h x4#aj ,) ?is sc5e 7fig4 #c7 ! key-note is /ruck3 ! liv+ /& at ! door ( ! tomb & moan = ! dead1 a subject specially appropriate to ! decoration ( ! walls ( a tomb4 ,! sc5es on ! ma9 walls are also associat$ ) ! fun]al c]emonies4 ,on ! "r-h& ma9 wall 7fig4 #d7 a boy is se5 to ! left 9 a :ite tunic ) black dots1 c>ry+ a /ool & rais+ "o arm & 8 face to a man :o1 dress$ 9 a r$ & br[n cloak & br[n %oes1 seems to beckon to ! boy ) 8 "r h&1 ge/iculat+ at ! same "t ) 8 left4 ,betwe5 !m a small figure is seat$ :o rem9ds "o ( ! small boys 9 ! ,greek tomb reliefs #8weep+ on _! cold knees'4 ,to ! "r is ano!r man clad 9 *iton & mantle1 ge/iculat+ viol5tly ) 8 left h&1 & c>ry+ a crook 9 8 "r4 ,above him1 & above ! excit$ man to ! "r1 runs ! inscription3 #8,tev>a?'1 probably mean+ umpire 71 74 ,= n[ foll[ repres5tations ( a?letic conte/s3 two wre/l]s engag+ 9 ! initial grips1 ! eld] be>d$1 ! y\ng] be>dless3 betwe5 !m are se5 ! prizes--metal b[ls2 ^! are suppos$ to be arrang$ 9 ! backgr\nd1 b ow+ to ! lack ( p]spective !y seem to be 9 ! way ( ! combatants4 ,?is sc5e ?r[s light on ! prec$+ "o3 ! man ) ! crook is evid5tly n an augur1 z orig9ally conjectur$ because ( ! /aff & ! fly+ birds1 b ! umpire :o has to see t no unfair tricks are us$2 ! o!r man is ! spectator :o has n yet seat$ himself1 b beckons to ! slave-boy to br+ him ! /ool on :i* he w sit d[n l ! ,roman knights ( lat] times :o br\ght _! own /ools into ! or*e/ra ( ! !atre4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! m\rn+1 cr\*+ slave-boy seems to repeat ! dea? lam5t ( ! back wall4 ,"h already1 !n1 we c obs]ve ! curi\s fragm5t>9ess ( ! sc5es 9 ,etruscan art3 !y look z if !y _h be5 cut out ( m compreh5sive :oles1 & put toge!r )\t logical sequ5ce4 ,cl>ity & unity are want+4 ,!re is n ! su/a9$ composition or ! pleasure 9 detail$ n>rative :i* are regul> 9 ,greek & ,egyptian art4 ,! ,etruscan arti/ is cont5t ) h9ts & fragm5ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,,tomba ,,del ,,pulc9ella ,to ! "r ( ! wre/l]s1 on ! same ma9 wall1 is a p>ticul>ly int]e/+ repres5tation3 b5ea? ! inscription ,ph]su1 a man1 dress$ & mask$ l a pun*9ello1 is lead+ a dog 9 a long lea% :i* is w\nd r\nd 8 antagoni/ & ends 9 a wood5 coll> r\nd ! neck ( ! dog4 ,! f]oci\s blood-h\nd has inflict$ ble$+ w\nds on ! legs & ?ighs ( ! antagoni/1 & ! antagoni/1 ^: head is muffl$ 9 a sack1 is va9ly try+ to dis5tangle himself f ! lea% & to hit ! dog ) a club4 ,! explanation ( ?is excit+ & brutal conte/1 to :i* no p>allel c be f\nd 9 ,greek art1 is evid5tly t ,ph]su tries to make 8 dog bite 8 antagoni/ to dea? be=e ! latt] c get 8 head out ( ! sack & hit man & dog ) 8 club4 ,if ! club-be>] succe$s 9 free+ himself f ! sack & ! dog1 ,ph]su has only "o *ance3 to run away4 ,z runn]1 he has 8 legs /iff5$ ) ?ongs1 & 9 ! mu* damag$ fresco on ! left ma9 wall ( ! tomb we see ! flight ( ,ph]su 7fig4 #e7 & 7n reproduc$7 ! club-be>] pursu+ him4 ,!y are sep>at$ by a pair ( pugili/s :o are box+ to ! accompanim5t ( flutes1 aga9 an evid5ce ( ,etruscan indiff]5ce to incongruities 9 ! composition4 ,! escap+ ,ph]su is pa9t$ alone 9 ano!r tomb at ,corneto1 ! ,tomba del ,pulc9ella1 ! "n ( :i* is d]iv$ f ?is figure1 b "h he is plac$ beside a horseman 7fig4 #f71 :o repres5ts ! eque/rian processions at fun]als1 to :i* we %all turn our att5tion lat]4 ,! ,tomba del ,pulc9ella1 :i* 0 discov]$ 9 #ahgb1 also dates f ! six? c5tury ,b4,c41 & l ! ,tomb ( ! ,augur x be>s ! /amp ( ,ionic art1 especially 9 ! rec$+ cont\rs ( ! cr[n ( ! head & 9 ! plump =ms ( ! body4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,,"r ,,ma9 ,,wall ,,9 ,,! ,,tomba ,,degli ,,auguri ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,left ,,ma9 ,,wall ,,9 ,,! ,,tomba ,,degli ,,auguri ,aft] a col\r$ draw+ 9 ! ,helbig ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,,pa9t+ ,,f ,,! ,,tomba ,,del ,,pulc9ella ,9 ^! two sepul*res1 !n1 we are confront$ ) repres5tations :i* are associat$ n only ) dea? & ! tomb1 b also ) ,etruscan local cu/oms & national "*4 ,x is true t prize-fights & wre/l+ conte/s 9 connexion ) obsequies are kn[n 9 ! ,greek civiliz$ _w z well1 = in/ance f ! description 9 ! ,iliad ( ! fun]al ( ,patroclus1 & l+]$ = a long "t especially 9 ! outskirts ( ! ,greek _w--?us ,k+ ,nicocles ( ,cyprus1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c41 hon\r$ 8 deceas$ fa!r ) *oral danc+1 a?letic games1 horse-races1 trireme races4#aa ,b we "k ( no example f ,hellas ( a fight l t betwe5 ,ph]su1 accompani$ by 8 blood-h\nd1 & ! muffl$ club-be>]3 a fight ! attraction ( :i*1 ap>t f its sangu9>y "*1 evid5tly dep5d$ on ! disp>ity ( ! weapons1 z x did 9 ! combat betwe5 gladiator & reti>ius1 ! man arm$ ) net & trid5t1 9 ! ,roman ar5as ( a lat] day4#ab ,sid5ote3 ,,gladiators ,,9 ,,etruria ,f ! ,greek au?or ,a!naeus1#ac we le>n t ! gladiatorial games orig9at$ 9 ,campania1 :]e !y 7 introduc$ z ent]ta9m5ts at banquets1 b t ! ,romans adopt$ !m f ! ,etruscans4 ,?is tradition is confirm$ by ! facts t ! "n appli$ to ! lead] & tra9] ( ! ,roman gladiatorial s*ool1 lani/a1 is ( ,etruscan orig91 & t ! p]son1 :o ev5 9 late ,rome#ad dragg$ ! corpses f ! ar5a1 ! s-call$ ,dispat]1 0 furni%$ ) satyr-e>s & a mask ) savage features1 & c>ri$ a hamm]1 ?us be+ a fai?ful copy ( ! ,etruscan dea?-god1 ,*>un4#ae ,moreov]1 z ! ,etruscans 9 ! heyday ( _! glory1 9 ! six? & fif? c5turies ,b4,c41 also rul$ ov] ,campania1 x is mo/ natural to attribute to !m1 & n to ! ,campanian ,graeculi1 ! d\btful hon\r ( be+ ! actual #8inv5tors' ( gladiatorial combats4 ,^! combats 7 a piquant & excit+ sub/itute = actual human sacrifices 9 hon\r ( ! deceas$ noble or ! gods1 & z "o ( ! p>ties 0 giv5 a *ance to save 8 life ! practice may ev5 be consid]$ an advance 9 humanity4 ,etruscan obscurity & inconsi/5cy lead to curi\s confusion 9 ! transition f my?ological pictures to fun]eal sc5es4 ,?us we f9d on ! front ( an e>ly ar*aic ,etruscan t]racotta s>cophagus1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1#af a repres5tation 9 relief1 manife/ly inspir$ by ,greek my?ology1 ( a battle sc5e ) m5 & wom5 z spectators2 at "o end ( ! s>cophagus1 ! left1 leave-tak+ be=e m>*+ out to battle2 on ! back1 a banquet+-sc5e1 evid5tly repres5t+ ! fun]al fea/1 s9ce ! relief on ! o!r end ( ! s>cophagus %[s f\r m\rn+ wom51 two ( !m hold+ dr9k+-b[ls 9 _! h&s4 ,,footnotes3 #aj 1 ,dionys4 ,halic>n4 x4 #i2 #8frontem f]ire'1 ,cic]o1 ,epi/4 ad ,attic4 i4 #a2 = o!r in/ances see ,sittl1 ,gebrd5 d] ,grie*5 & ,rm]1 p4 #ba4 #aa ,isocrates ix4 #a4 #ab ,) ref]5ce to ph]su1 :i* is suppos$ to be synonym\s ) & ! orig9 ( ! ,lat9 p]sona1 see ,pauly-,wiss[a1 vi4 #gge1 & ,s4,p4 ,corts51 ,vocabulorum ,etruscorum int]pretatio 9 ,nord4 ,tidsskr4 = ,filologi1 #aiag1 p4 #agd4 #ac iv4 #aec f4 #ad ,t]tullian1 ,ad nation4 i4 #aj4 #ae ,pauly-,wiss[a1 iii4 #bagh4 #af ,b #fcj4 ,figur$ 9 ,t]ra-cotta ,s>cophagi 9 ,briti% ,museum1 pl4 ix-xi4 ,v ,sid5ote3 ,,tomba ,,delle ,,iscrizioni ,a good idea ( ! diff]5t sort ( a?letic conte/s at ! great ,etruscan fun]als is giv5 by ! wall-pa9t+s 9 ! ,tomba delle ,iscrizioni at ,corneto1 describ$ & copi$ by ,/ackelb]g & ,ke/n] 9 #ahbg1ag & repres5t$ 9 ! ,ny ,c>lsb]g ,glyptotek by facsimiles & col\r$ draw+s execut$ 9 #aijg1 aft] a *emical treatm5t ( ! pla/] /ucco1 :i* br\ght out a numb] ( details m pla9ly4 ,! pictures are ( ! same p]iod z ^? ( ! ,augur tomb1 & ( simil> /yle4 ,! num]\s inscriptions f :i* ! tomb has d]iv$ its title seem to be mo/ly prop] names4 ,ea* ( ! ?ree wall-surfaces ( ?is tomb1 :i* conta9s only "o *amb]1 has a false pa9t$ door 9 ! middle4 ,( ! fir/ figures on ! left ma9 wall1 two pugili/s1 only v little is pres]v$ 7fig4 #g74 ,!y are cont5d+1 l ! two wre/l]s to ! "r ( !m1 "o ( :om has lift$ ! o!r f ! gr\nd1 to ! accompanim5t ( ! flute-play] :o is /&+ betwe5 ! two gr\ps4 ,?is & _m o!r ,etruscan pa9t+s confirm ! /atem5t ( ,ari/otle#ah t ! ,etruscans made _! box]s p]=m to ! s\nd ( ! flute4 ,flute-play+ 0 s popul> t ma/]s sc\rg$ _! slaves & caus$ _! cooks to "w 9 ! kit*5 to ! s\nd ( ! flute2 & "h aga9 ! ,romans adopt$ ! ,etruscan tradition & gave _! flute-play]s a recogniz$ position 9 ! community1 z is %[n by ! amus+ /ory ab\t ! /rike ( ! ,roman flute-play]s#ai3 ! flute-play]s left ,rome 9 disgu/ & w5t 9 a body to ,tibur1 & ! only device ! ,romans c\ld ?9k ( 0 to make ! excell5t fell[s drunk & c>t !m back to ,rome1 :]e ! citiz5s made ha/e to confirm ! anci5t privileges ( ! flute-play]s & to add sev]al new ones 9 ord] to make ! awak5+ m pleasant4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,,left ,,ma9 ,,wall ,,( ,,! ,,tomba ,,delle ,,iscrizioni4 ,aft] a col\r$ draw+ 9 ! ,helbig ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,,back ,,wall ,,( ,,! ,,tomba ,,delle ,,iscrizioni ,on ! o!r side ( ! false door ! eque/rian procession beg9s & is cont9u$ on ! back wall to ! c5tral false door 7fig4 #h74 ,f\r "y nak$ horsem51 "s ( !m ) /aves 9 _! h&s1 are receiv$ by a nak$ y\? :o c>ries a palm-bran* ov] 8 %\ld]4 ,ap>t f ! nak$ness1 :i* mu/ be attribut$ to ! influ5ce ( ,greek art1 ?is eque/rian procession is g5u9ely ,etruscan4 ,appian d]ives ! fe/ive processions at triumphs & fun]als f ,etruscan prototypes1 :ile ,dionysius ( ,halic>nassus f9ds _! prototypes 9 ,hellas4 ,b x _c be d5i$ t ,dionysius's description ( ^! pompae 9 e>ly ,rome#bj sugge/s ,etruria3 fir/ came "y horsem51 !n foot-soldi]s2 aft] ^!1 a?letes ) _! sexual organs cov]$ 79 contra/ to ,greek cu/om71 !n ! trip>tite *orus ( danc]s 9 purple cloaks & bronze belts1 !n ! grotesque danc]s1 flute-play]s1 lyre-play]s1 & ?urif]s1 & f9ally ! procession ( *>iots ) ! images ( ! gods4 ,9 ! foll[+ pages we %all make acqua9tance ) all ^! gr\ps 9 ! ,etruscan _w ( art4 ,! eque/rian procession is presumably ! prelim9>y to a horse-race4 ,! nobles ( ,etruria 7 celebrat$ = _! race-horses & (t5 s5t _! *>iot-teams to ! games 9 e>ly ,rome4#ba ,x is a *>act]i/ic fact t "o ( ! few ,etruscan words giv5 by ! ,greek lexicograph] ,hesy*ius is no o!r ?an ! ^w = horse1 accord+ to ! ,greek v]sion4#bb ,to ! "r ( ! false door 9 ! back wall ?ree jolly danc]s are se53 ! fir/ has 8 br[ wrea!d1 c>ries a dr9k+-b[l 9 h&1 & we>s boots1 r$ skirt1 & blue neck]*ief4 ,! figure is %[n by ! fle% t9t to be male1 n female z /at$ 9 ,c>l ,jacobs5's catalogue4 ,aft] him dances ! flute-play]1 ) r$ boots1 blue lo9-clo?1 & r$ *aplet1 & la/ comes a nak$ danc+ y\? ) boots1 necklace1 & *aplet4 ,sid5ote3 ,,tomba ,,del ,,morto ,sid5ote3 ,,tomba ,,del ,,tricl9io ,danc]s appe> 9 a numb] ( ,etruscan tomb-pa9t+s1 & ab&on !mselves to _! gambols ) a fr5zy :i* might seem incompatible ) dea? & entombm5t4 ,9 ! ,tomba del ,morto at ,corneto1 dat+ f ! same p]iod1 we f9d traces ( a pir\ett+ danc] close to ! c\* ( ! dead & ! lam5t+ m\rn]s2 ! dance 0 ?us z important z ! fun]al lam5t 7fig4 #i74 ,! f9e/ repres5tations ( ,etruscan m\rn+ danc]s are f\nd 9 ! ,tomba del ,tricl9io1 :i* dates f ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c43 ! ,ny ,c>lsb]g ,glyptotek conta9s sev]al e>li]1 inf]ior facsimiles1 made f ! copies 9 ! ,museo ,gregoriano & only t\*$ up at ,corneto by ! pa9t] ,m>iani2#bc & "s m rec5t ones c>efully execut$ on ! spot 7fig4 #aj74 ,on ea* wall ?ree female & two male danc]s are se5 among trees2 fillets & s++-birds appe> 9 ! foliage4 ,! male danc]s play on lyre & flute2 ! danc+-girls h ca/anets & ! =emo/ a /rap or *aplet ) bells ov] h] %\ld]4 ,simil> *aplets ) bells are (t5 se5 hang+ on ! walls 9 pictures repres5t+ ! symposia 9 hon\r ( ! dead 7see bel[71 & be> witness to ! *ildi% pr$ilection ( ! ,etruscans = gipsy-l noise & m]ry-mak+4 ,! mo/ beautiful danc+-girl1 h[ev]1 9 any ,etruscan tomb is ! already m5tion$ #8bella ball]9a di ,corneto'1 discov]$ on a wall 9 ! ,tomba ,francesca ,giu/9iani4 ,we give ?is figure1 :i* has nev] be5 reproduc$1 aft] ! facsimile 9 ! ,ny ,c>lsb]g ,glyptotek :i* arriv$ !re %ortly be=e ! dea? ( ,c>l ,jacobs5 & gave him "o ( ! la/ pleasures 9 8 life 7fig4 #aa74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,,picture ,,f ,,! ,,tomba ,,del ,,morto ,,at ,,corneto ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,,picture ,,f ,,! ,,tomba ,,del ,,tricl9io ,:5 ,i exam9$ ! orig9al 9 ! tomb at ,corneto ,i made ! foll[+ notes3 ! drap]y 7*iton71 :i* is ornam5t$ ) a patt]n ( dott$ rosettes1 is di/9ctly pres]v$ f ! hips d[n to ! elegant flutt]+ edge4 ,mu* ( ! middle "p ( ! body has be5 de/roy$2 ! flutt]+ ends ( ! r$ sc>f across ! %\ld]s are visible to "r & left4 ,! upp] "p ( ! body & ! %\ld]s are also well pres]v$4 ,! "r arm is rais$1 & visible f %\ld] to elb[2 a fa9t outl9e ( ! left arm is also visible4#bd ,( ! head1 ! br[1 ! beg9n+ ( ! nose1 ! e>1 ! gre5 flutt]+ head-dress1 ! r$ hair ) a loos5$ tress 9 front ( ! e> h be5 pres]v$4 ,to ! spectator ! picture /ill conveys an impression ( joy1 ( graceful movem5t1 & ( filmy flutt]+ drap]ies4 ,sid5ote3 ,,etruscan ,,dance ,,& ,,song ,"h also we f9d ,etruscan tradition cont9u$ on ,roman soil1 n only 9 ! danc]s ( ! fe/ival processions1 b 9 ! tradition t ,etruscan danc]s1 ludii or ludiones1 7 import$ to ,rome to dance at ! great fe/ivals4 ,! ,greeks comp>$ ! ,roman reel to ! ,dionysiac #8cancan'1 1 :ile its ,roman "n is tripudium2 x 0 danc$ at e p]iod ( ,roman hi/ory by ! ,salii1 ! anci5t prie/hood ( ! ,roman w>-god1 on ! *ief fe/ival ( ! god1 ,m>* #ai4 ,accord+ to ,livy 7vii4 #b4 #d-g7 ! e>lie/ ,roman poetry1 ! co>se ,fesc5n9es1 orig9at$ 9 ! text :i* accompani$ ! dance ( ! ludiones1 & ! fact t ! danc]s dur+ ! ,fesc5n9es daub$ _! faces ) m9ium supports ! !ory ( ,etruscan influ5ce1 :i* also makes itself felt 9 ! cu/om obs]v$ by ! ,roman triumphators1 :o 9 ! e>lie/ times daub$ _! :ole bodies ) m9ium4 ,= we "k t ! ,etruscans coat$ ! images ( _! gods ) m9ium at _! fe/ivals1 & t ! ,romans gave ! anci5t t]racotta /atue ( ! ,capitol9e ,jupit] a simil> coat ( #8w> pa9t' at ! high fe/ivals1 a task :i* x fell to ! c5sors to sup]9t5d4#be ,! r$ m9ium 0 meant to height5 ! natural r$-br[n hue ( ! m52 x produc$ an artificial virile complexion1 j z :ite lead & *alk s]v$ to emphasize ! pale fem99e hue4#bf ,! primitive nature ( ! v]ses connect$ ) ^! dances is %[n by ! song ( ! ,salii1 ! burd5 ( :i* is ! five times repeat$ #8triumpe' 7jump67 & ! text ( :i* runs3 #8,help u1 l>es1 let n ! evil disease fall ^u any m ( u1 ,m>s6 ,be satisfi$1 cruel ,m>s6 ,jump on to ! ?re%old4 ,cease jump+4 ,help u1 ,m>s6' ,at ! triumphs also1 #8c>m9a incondita'1 z ,livy tells u1 7 sung 7iv4 #bj4 #b71 & we v5ture to ?9k t ,etruscan poetry 0 no bett] ?an ?is1 & t ! disappe>ance ( ! texts1 :i* accompani$ ! dances1 is no great loss4 ,v>ro m5tions trag$ies 9 ! ,etruscan language1 b !y 7 und\bt$ly v]sions ( ! ,greek ones1 ev5 worse ?an ^? made = ! ,romans by ,livius ,&ronicus4 ,ap>t f "s religi\s & a little hi/orical lit]ature1 & a numb] ( recipes = ! ga!r+ ( simples1 capable ( r\s+ ! admiration ( ! ,greeks = #8! desc5dants ( ! ,tyrrh5ians1 ! p skill$ 9 m$ical lore'1#bg no tradition ( any ,etruscan intellectual life 9 writ+ or poetry has be5 h&$ d[n to po/]ity4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,,"r ,,ma9 ,,wall ,,9 ,,! ,,tomba ,,delle ,,iscrizioni ,sid5ote3 ,,tomba ,,delle ,,iscrizioni ,sid5ote3 ,,laurel ,,decorations ,we pass on to ! "r ma9 wall 9 ! ,tomba delle ,iscrizioni 7fig4 #ab7 :]e danc]s 9 a r[ ) dr9k+-b[ls 9 _! h&s alt]nate ) s]vants c>ry+ w9e 9 l>ge b[ls4 ,t ! fun]al dance 0 animat$ by free indulg5ce 9 w9e is (t5 exemplifi$ 9 ! tombs4 ,9 ! ,tomba delle ,leonesse1 nam$ aft] ! bea/s ( prey 9 ! p$im5t1 :i* are really hunt+ leop>ds1 a r$-br[n lad to ! "r is danc+ ) a girl2 to ! left is a woman ) ca/anets1 & 9 ! c5tre1 flank$ by a flute-play] & a lyre-play]1 /&s ! w9e-b[l wrea!d ) fre% leaves 7fig4 #ac71 #8! w9e-b[l fill$ ) joy1' 9 ,x5ophanes' words4 ,evid5tly ! ,etruscans drank heavily to celebrate ! memory ( _! dead1 z ,x5ophon relates ( ano!r b>b>ian tribe1 ! ,odrysians4#bh ,to ! "r ( ! false door ( ! same ma9 wall 9 ! ,tomba delle ,iscrizioni 7fig4 #ab71 a man 9 a lo9-clo? ) a laurel bran* 9 ea* h& is greet+ ano!r man1 :o c>ries *aplets & re/s "o leg on ! cu%ions ( a c\*4 ,laurel bran*es con/antly recur 9 ! reliefs ( ! ,etruscan c9]>y urns1 :]e ! dea? lam5t r\nd ! bi] ( ! deceas$ is reproduc$1 & x seems probable t laurel bran*es 7 c>ri$ r\nd ! h\se & us$ = wall decoration 9 ! h\se ( ! deceas$ on ! fun]al day1 = ! purpose ( purification4 ,?is decoration ( ! walls1 !n1 w\ld be ! subject ( our picture1 toge!r ) ! o!r prep>ations = ! fun]al1 z %[n by ! pa9t+s4#bi ,p]haps x 0 a g5]al cu/om ( ! ,etruscans to decorate _! walls on fe/ival days ) laurel bran*es1 j z ! ,egyptians decorat$ !irs ) lotus1 & ?is w\ld (t5 acc\nt = all ! foliage :i* appe>s 9 ! backgr\nds ( ! pa9t+s alt]nat+ ) susp5d$ *aplets1 ev5 :]e ! action--! dea? lam5t 7fig4 #i7 or ! symposium--takes place indoors4 ,9 o!r cases1 h[ev]1 z 9 ! ,tomba dei ,tori 7fig4 #b7 & 9 ! ,tomba del ,tricl9io 7fig4 #aj71 !re is no d\bt t real trees & op5-air sc5es are repres5t$1 b ev5 !re ! *aplets are (t5 se5 hang+--on ! wall4 ,aga9 a pro( ( ! want ( cl>ity 9 ,etruscan art6 ,trees1 h[ev]1 9 ! backgr\nd ( sc5es ) figures are also f\nd on ,s\? ,italian vases ( ! same "t1 & ?us seem to be a common ,italic trait4 ,,footnotes3 #ag ,ke/n]1 ,annali i 7#ahbi71 p4 #aja ff4 #ah ,a!naeus iv4 #aed;a4 #ai ,livy ix4 #cj4 #e-aj4 ,plut>*1 ,aetia ,romana1 #ee4 #bj ,dionys4 ,halic>n4 vii4 #gb-c4 #ba ,livy i4 #ce4 #i4 #bb ,hesy*4 s4 v4 ,! ^w is n m5tion$ 9 ,s4,p4 ,corts5's ,vocabulorum ,etruscorum int]pretatio 9 ,nordisk ,tidsskr4 = ,filologi1 #aiag2 no d\bt because he consid]s ,hesy*ius's /atem5t insuffici5tly au?oritative4 ,cp4 ,skuts*1 ,pauly-,wiss[a1 vi4 #gge4 #bc ,helbig's lett]s ( ,june #ba & ,decemb] #aj1 #ahie4 #bd ,?us ! facsimile at ?is po9t gives m ?an ,i at any rate c\ld see3 on ! o!r h&1 less z f> z br[ & nose are conc]n$4 #be ,plut>*1 ,aetia ,romana #ih4 #bf ,plautus1 ,trucul5tus #bij1 #bid1 ,mo/ell>ia #bei ff4 ,9 ,greece also1 wom5 us$ :ite lead z pa9t3 ,lysias i4 #ad & #ag4 #bg ,quotation f ,aes*ylus by ,!ophra/us 7:o endorses ! op9ion73 ,hi/ory ( ,plants ix4 #ae4 #a4 #bh ,hell5ica iii4 #b4 #e4 #bi ,cp4 ,tacitus1 ,hi/or4 iv4 #ec1 on ! inauguration ( ! rebuilt ,capitolium3 'spatium omne quod templo dicabatur ev9ctum vittis coronisque2 +ressi milites1 quis fau/a nom9a1 felicibus ramis4' ,,vi ,contempor>y ) ! gr\p ( ! ,tomba degli ,auguri & ! ,tomba delle ,iscrizioni is ! ,tomba del ,b>one1 discov]$ at ,corneto 9 #ahbg & nam$1 z already m5tion$1 aft] ,b>on ,ke/n]4 ,aft] ! pa9t+s ( ?is tomb ,/ackelb]g execut$ a f9e wat]-col\r1 & ,?rm] a numb] ( draw+s1 n[ 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,/rasburg4 ,! /yle--bo? 9 ! %ape ( ! heads & 9 ! treatm5t ( ! drap]ies--is /ill ,ionic1 b ! proportions are m sl5d]1 probably ow+ to ,*ian or ,attic influ5ce4 ,composition & te*nique are bo? unique 9 ! pa9t+s ( ?is tomb4 ,we cont5t ourselves ) reproduc+ "o ma9 wall1 ! left 7fig4 #ad71 :]e a black horse ) light grey ho(s1 mane1 & tail1 is l$ by a man we>+ r$ boots & a br[n mantle l9$ ) gre54 ,he is speak+ ) "o h& rais$ to a woman 9 a long grey *iton1 a br[n mantle l9$ ) gre51 & a br[n cap4 ,!n comes a man ) gre5 boots lead+ a br[n horse4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4 ,,back ,,wall ,,9 ,,! ,,tomba ,,delle ,,leonesse ,aft] a draw+ 9 ! ,helbig ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4 ,,left ,,ma9 ,,wall ,,9 ,,! ,,tomba ,,del ,,b>one ,sid5ote3 ,,tomba ,,del ,,b>one ,simil> quiet pictures are f\nd on ! o!r two walls ( ! tomb2 on ! back wall a man is /&+ ) 8 arm r\nd a "y flute-play]'s neck1 & is greet$ by a woman4 ,! dress ( ! woman is ,etruscan2 ! subjects also are probably ,etruscan--! prep>ations = ! pompa & ! danc+ fea/4 ,b ev]y?+ brea!s coolness & calm1 & we miss ! usual jollity4 ,! te*nique is equally rem>kable4 ,x is n ! usual fresco pa9t+3 exp]im5ts h be5 made ) size-pa9t1 t is1 an attempt at pa9t+ 9 di/emp] on ! pla/] /ucco cov]+ ! walls4 ,! attempt has fail$2 ! col\r has run 9 l>ge blot*es4 ,^! two *>act]i/ics ( ! arti/ ( ! ,tomba del ,b>one are ( great int]e/ because ! ,g]man ar*aeologi/1 ,gu/av ,krte1 has demon/rat$ ! exi/5ce ( m>ks made by ,greek artisans on ! walls ( ?is tomb4 ,x 0 n 9 ,etruscan1 b 9 ,greek lett]s t ! arti/ indicat$ ! am\nt ( 8 day's "w1 ) a view to 8 wages4 ,! explanation1 !n1 seems to be ! foll[+3 a ,greek decorator 0 *>g$ ) ! task ( ornam5t+ ! walls ( ! tomb1 & he did x1 z f> z ! dresses are conc]n$1 accord+ to local tradition2 b he exp]im5t$ boldly ) a new te*nical process1 ! success ( :i* 0 prev5t$ by ! dampness ( ! rock-wall2 & he compos$ 8 pictures ) a gr&eur ( l9e & a tranquillity 9 execution :i* make "o ?9k ( ! p$im5t ( a ,greek temple4 ,9 ! light ( ?is x is easi] to realize h[ mu* ( ! ,etruscan temp]am5t !re really is 9 ! o!r pa9t+s1 all ,greek influ5ce on /yle not)/&+4 ,x mu/ be not$ "h t artisans' m>ks are ! only writt5 evid5ce left by ! decorative pa9t]s ( ,etruria2 arti/s' signatures are unkn[n1 :e!r 9 ,greek or 9 ,etruscan4 ,! ,etruscan nobles1 l ! ,roman lat]1 evid5tly employ$ ,greek arti/s1 b grant$ !m no social position4 ,,vii ,sid5ote3 ,,tomba ,,delle ,,bighe ,9 ! next p]iod ! pr$om9ant /yli/ic influ5ce is ,attic4 ,a :ole gr\p ( tombs dates f ab\t #ejj ,b4,c43 !y are ?us contemporane\s ) ! sev]e r$-figur$ vase-pa9t+s4 ,v ,attic &1 at ! same "t1 l a complete pictorial procession1 repres5t+ ev]y?+ :i* took place at a great ,etruscan fun]al1 is ! ,tomba delle ,bighe1 previ\sly m5tion$ & n[ publi%$ by ,weege4 ,z ! pictures 9 ?is tomb are cle>] & m complete ?an mo/ ,etruscan pa9t+s1 we w take "s ( !m z a />t+-po9t = a clos] exam9ation ( ! facts ( ,etruscan life4 ,!re are two friezes on ! ?ree walls ( ! tomb3 a n>r[] & light] above2 & a broad] "o bel[1 9 :i* ! figures are pa9t$ on a deep r$ gr\nd2 ! height ( ! friezes is respectively #cf & #ij cm41 & !y are sep>at$ by a broad1 col\r$ b&4 ,! n>r[ frieze ) ! d>k figures on light gr\nd /ill rem9ds "o ( ! black-figur$ ,attic vases1 :]eas ! l[] purple frieze1 9 :i* ! sk9 ( ! m5 is res]v$ 9 a some:at light] r$1 t ( ! wom5 9 :ite1 recalls ! r$-figur$ vase-pa9t+s1 all diff]5ces not)/&+4 ,on ! "r-h& ma9 wall 7fig4 #ae71 9 ! broad frieze1 m5 & wom5 are danc+ 9 hon\r ( ! dead among laurel bran*es4 ,!re are ! usual ec/asy & ! famili> animat$ ge/ures ) ! big fan-l h&s1 rem9d+ "o ( ! figures 9 ar*aic ,greek vase-pa9t+ & pla/ic art4#cj ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,tutulus--,,*>iot ,,race ,especially spl5did is ! female flute-play] :o turns r\nd z %e dances1 h] light *iton & r$ cloak flutt]+ ab\t h]2 %e c almo/ comp>e ) #8la bella ball]9a'4 ,! danc+-wom5 all we> ! high ,etruscan wrea!d cap1 ! s-call$ tutulus1 :i* 9 ! ,tomba delle ,iscrizioni is also worn by a male danc]4 ,we meet ) x aga9 9 ,etruscan t]racotta sculpture4 ,! fa%ion is ( ,ori5tal orig91 & goes back1 ultimately1 to ! po9t$ 'sug>-loaf hat' ( ! ,hittites4 ,x probably rea*$ ,etruria by way ( ,cyprus1 :]e x is frequ5tly se5 9 reliefs ( ! sev5? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,9 ,etruria ! po9t$ wooll5 cap became "p ( ! national dress4#ca ,rome ( c\rse adopt$ ! headge> & pres]v$ ! ,etruscan tradition 9 ! prie/hoods2 a purple tutulus adorn$ ! ,roman ,flam9icae1 & c]ta9 second>y prie/s wore a tutulus d[n to ! "t ( ,t]tullian4#cb ,9 e>ly ,rome all wom5 wore ! tutulus1 & "u x a head-clo? su* z is %[n 9 ,etruscan t]racottas 7fig4 #af72 ?is is cle> f a description ( a ,roman m\rn+ sc5e 9 ,dionysius ( ,halic>nassus 7xi4 #ci71 :]e ! wom5 te> _! _m & v>i\s fillets & hair-ornam5ts (f _! heads4#cc ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4 ,,"r ,,ma9 ,,wall ,,9 ,,! ,,tomba ,,delle ,,bighe ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4 ,,etruscan ,,t]ra-,,cotta ,,head ,,9 ,,! ,,ny ,,c>lsb]g ,,glyptotek ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4 ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,small ,,frieze ,,9 ,,! ,,tomba ,,delle ,,bighe ,! danc+ sc5e1 9 ! pa9t$ frieze ref]r$ to above 7fig4 #ae71 ends at ! sidebo>d on ! left1 :i* be>s a numb] ( metal b[ls3 a cup-be>]1 p>tially oblit]at$ 9 ! orig9al1 is j putt+ d[n a vessel4 ,! w9e to inspire ! danc]s is ready4 ,9 ! n>r[ frieze--! mo/ beautiful & mo/ c>efully execut$ ( ^? 9 ! tomb1 b v badly copi$ 9 ! facsimile ( ! ,glyptotek--we see ! prep>ations = a *>iot race4 ,! horses are be+ l$ out & h>ness$ to ! *>iot4 ,we reproduce1 aft] ,/ackelb]g's draw+1 ! mo/ int]e/+ "p ( ! frieze 7fig4 #ag71 9 :i* ?ree "y m5 are busy h>ness+ two horses to ! light1 two-:eel$ *>iot1 ! ,biga4 ,! *>iot is repres5t$ 9 =e%ort5+1 & ! %aft is lift$ up by a nak$ boy4 ,! "y m5 h ea* "o foot /rongly =e%ort5$4 ,sid5ote3 ,,tomba ,,delle ,,bighe ,we f9d "h ! same exp]im5tation ) ?is new & difficult problem1 z 9 ! ,greek vase-pa9t+s ( ab\t #ejj ,b4 ,c41 9 ! vases ( ,eu?ymides & ,euphronius4 ,! horse to ! "r is blue1 t to ! left grey1 bo? h r$ ho(s & r$ h>ness1 & two y\?s1 ) a sort ( %awl r\nd _! lo9s1 are busily engag$ ) !m1 /rik+ !m on ! flanks to get !m into place4 ,^! two excell5t figures are q misdrawn & miscon/ru$ 9 ! ,ny ,c>lsb]g facsimile1 ! draughtsman n hav+ realiz$ t !y are se5 f beh9d4 ,we h1 !re=e1 prep>ations = a *>iot race2 9 a wall-pa9t+ 9 ! ,tomba del ,mor5te at ,corneto we h a /ill e>li] phase repres5t$1 ! lasso+ ( ! horse :i* is to be h>ness$ 7fig4 #ah72 "h ! horse is r$1 ) blue mane & tail4 ,! disposition ( ! col\rs is no m naturali/ic 9 ,etruscan wall-pa9t+ ?an 9 ! p$im5ts ( ,greek temples3 9 apply+ ! col\rs1 ! pa9t]'s object 0 purely decorative4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4 ,,wall-,,pa9t+ ,,f ,,! ,,tomba ,,del ,,mor5te ,,! ,,lasso+ ,,( ,,! ,,horse ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4 ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,small ,,frieze ,,9 ,,! ,,tomba ,,delle ,,bighe ,aft] ,ar*4 ,jahrb4 #aiaf ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4 ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,tomba ,,della ,,scimmia ,,at ,,*iusi ,aft] ! prep>ations comes ! c]emonial p>ade ( ! rac+ *>iots pa/ ! /&s2 ?ree *>iots are se5 9 a r[ 7fig4 #ae73 ! fir/ has n yet begun to move1 ! horses are paw+ ! gr\nd impati5tly1 & ! groom is /&+ at _! heads try+ to pacify !m2 ! second *>iot has already />t$1 & ! team ( ! ?ird *>iot is go+ a little fa/]1 a f9e cresc5do :i* rem9ds "o ( good ,greek art r ?an ( ,etruscan4 ,to ! left are ! /&s = ! spectators1 :i* are cont9u$ on ! back wall2 simil> /&s are se5 9 ! corn] :]e back wall & left ma9 wall adjo94 ,we give1 aft] ,/ackelb]g's draw+1 ! two p>ts f ! fir/-m5tion$ corn] 7fig4 #ai74 ,on elevat$ plat=ms1 b\nd$ above by l9es evid5tly meant to indicate curta9s :i* might be drawn be=e ! #8box' aga9/ sun or heavy %[]s1 m5 & wom5 are seat$ & %[ _! absorption 9 ! games by _! eag] ge/ures4 ,! =emo/ woman to ! "r actually greets ! procession ( *>iots ) h] rais$ h&4 ,%e is a matron we>+ a %awl 7epiblema7 ov] ! arms1 & ! back ( h] head1 & "u t a tutulus4 ,next to h] sits a "y girl ) a tutulus1 noble 9 be>+ & ge/ure l a "y goddess4 ,!n foll[s a v>i$ company ( y\?s1 wom51 & a be>d$ man4 ,! "y man1 :o is repres5t$ p>tly frontal ) 8 *9 re/+ on 8 h& & ! head & left leg frontal1 is ( special int]e/4 ,! problem ( =e%ort5+ has be5 v neatly solv$4 ,"u ! wood5 floor ( ! /&s ! common folk are disport+ !mselves1 "s ( !m engross$ 9 any?+ b ! games4 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,audi5ce ,9 ord] to und]/& ! significance ( ?is repres5tation "o has to realize t su* detail$ pictures ( spectators at a?letic games are unkn[n 9 ,greek art4 ,! ne>e/ p>allel is ! assembly ( ! gods1 ! ,olympian spectators1 9 ! frieze ( ! ,treasury ( ! ,siphnians at ,delphi1#cd & 9 ! ,p>!non frieze1 betwe5 :i* ! ,tomba delle ,bighe *ronologically occupies an int]m$iate position1 ab\t tw5ty-five ye>s lat] ?an ! =m]1 & ab\t fifty ye>s e>li] ?an ! latt]4 ,at ! same "t we le>n t female spectators 7 also pres5t2 ?is 0 n s at ! ,olympic games1 b seems to h be5 a common ,italic cu/om4 ,! /&s1 too1 appe> typically ,italic2 on su* ! spectators 7 seat$ at ^? a?letic games & conte/s :i* 9 e>li] times1 accord+ to ,vitruvius 7v4 #a71 7 held 9 ! m>ket-places ( ,italian t[ns4 ,amphi!atres 7 n kn[n till ! fir/ c5tury ,b4,c41 b if "o imag9es ^! m>ket-places on fe/ival days ) su* wood5 /&s built up on all f\r sides1 & ^! /&s curv$ r\nd at ! corn]s 9 ord] t ! spectators might see bett]1 "o c und]/& h[ ! %ape ( ! amphi!atre orig9at$4#ce ,sid5ote3 ,,tomba ,,della ,,scimmia ,,at ,,*iusi ,)9 ! sph]e ( ,etruscan pa9t+ also1 ?is is ! only l>ge repres5tation ( an audi5ce4 ,else:]e ! arti/ limit$ himself to ! individual figure z repres5tative ( ! spectators2 ?us 9 ! ,tomba della ,scimmia 7! ,monkey ,tomb7 at ,*iusi1 ! only spectator is a lady dress$ 9 black & %elt]$ by a sun%ade2 %e is seat$ on a high *air )\t a back 7diphros71 h] feet on a foot/ool 7fig4 #bj74 ,! tomb 0 discov]$ 9 #ahdf by ,franois4 ,! pictures are execut$ 9 a ?9 col\r1 probably a sort ( wat]-col\r1 appli$ directly to ! /one )\t an int]m$iate lay] ( /ucco2 a simil> te*nique is employ$ 9 ! o!r & l>g] tomb at ,*iusi1 ! ,tomba ,casucc9i4 ,! f\r walls are decorat$ ) sc5es f ! race-c\rse & ! palae/ra4 ,beh9d ! lady on ! wall :i* is reproduc$1 we see two m5 9 rapid motion & ) ample ge/ures probably int5d$ to r5d] ! bu/le & hurry at ! fun]al1 :i* is also repres5t$1 z we h se51 by "o ( ! figures 9 ! ,augur tomb 7cp4 fig4 #d74 ,! sun%ade c>ri$ by ! #8wid[' 0 an ,ori5tal fa%ion1 b 9 ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c4 ! wom5 ( ,greece _h adopt$ x1 z is %[n by ! ,knights ( ,ari/ophanes 7l4 #acdh 74 ,to ! left ! usual flute-play] is /&+1 & ! r\nd dais 9 front ( him is n an alt>1 b1 z ,milani 0 ! fir/ to po9t out1 ! small table on :i* prizes 7 plac$4#cf ,next comes a girl ) a c5s] on h] head4 ,%e is g5]ally tak5 to be a female juggl]1 b c>ry+ a tall object on "o's head is /ill a common practice ) ! wom5 ( ! ,s\?1 & c5s]s 7?ymiat]ia71 z we le>n f ,dionysius ( ,halic>nassus1 7 always c>ri$ at ! #8pompae' 9 e>ly ,rome2 at ! high fe/ivals !y 7 plac$ 9 front ( ! ,roman doorways4#cg ,!y 7 sometimes ( co/ly mat]ial4#ch ,b our woman seems to be /&+ on a plat=m1 & ! ne> pres5ce ( ! flute-play]1 & ! turn+ ( h] body & position ( h] arms1 seem to indicate "s difficult dance p]=m$ ) ! big object borne on h] head 9 a small1 limit$ space2 h5ce a k9d ( old ,etruscan d]vi%-dance ( :i* we h no o!r k4 ,! two figures next to h] are a big & a small man :o are cool+ _! ble$+ noses ) sponges3 ! arti/ gives ! atmosph]e ( ! sc5e aft] ! fight4 ,on "o ( ! o!r walls 9 ?is tomb ! box]s are ready = action1 rais+ _! ce/us-b\nd fi/s aga9/ ea* o!r1 "o h& clos$ = attack1 ! o!r op5 = def5ce1 z frequ5tly describ$ 9 ! anci5t au?ors4#ci ,cic]o tells u t box]s sigh$ & groan$1 9 ord] to increase ! =ce ( ! bl[4#dj ,^! ce/us fights mu/ h be5 t]rible4 ,! gu>d1 n[adays less1 0 !n m important ?an ! bl[1 = x 0 too dang]\s to take ! risk ( be+ hit by "o's oppon5t :5 attack+ him1 ev5 if "o 0 confid5t t "o's own bl[ w\ld be ! h>d]2 "o _h to play = an op5+1 at ! same "t gu>d+ aga9/ ! s+le bl[ :i* 0 suffici5t to knock a man out4 ,f9ally1 on ! extreme left ( ! picture 7fig4 #bj7 we meet ) a sc5e :i* is repeat$ 9 ano!r picture 9 ! same tomb1 z well z 9 ! ,tomba del ,tricl9io3 a rid] seat$ sideways & at ! same "t lead+ ano!r horse4 ,! race ) a l$ horse 0 an ,ori5tal cu/om1 & appe>s = ! fir/ "t on ! ,pho5ician metal b[ls ( ! eigh? & sev5? c5turies ,b4,c4 ,?is seat1 sideways on ! horse1 is ( ,scy?ian orig91 & 9 ,greek art usually *>act]izes ! ,amazons4 ,! ,etruscans1 ) _! passion = difficult games1 evid5tly comb9$ ! two 9 ord] to make ! races z excit+ z possible4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4 ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,small ,,frieze ,,9 ,,! ,,tomba ,,delle ,,bighe ,aft] ,ar*4 ,jahrb4 #aiaf ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4 ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,small ,,frieze ,,9 ,,! ,,tomba ,,delle ,,bighe ,aft] ,ar*4 ,jahrb4 #aiaf ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4 ,,symposium ,,9 ,,! ,,tomba ,,delle ,,bighe ,sid5ote3 ,,tomba ,,delle ,,bighe ,9 ! small frieze on ! back wall ( ! ,tomba delle ,bighe we f9d a rid] ) a l$ horse1 dress$ 9 tunic & helmet1 & seat$ a/ride2 we reproduce "p ( x aft] ,/ackelb]g's wat]-col\r 7fig4 #ba74 ,to ! left ( him we see a nak$ man /&+ on "o leg & nurs+ 8 rais$ left leg4 ,x 0 =m]ly conjectur$ t he 0 play+ leap-frog ) ! "y man plant+ ! jump+-pole 9 ! gr\nd beh9d him1 b x is n usual to play leap-frog on "o leg1 & ,weege has po9t$ out ! same position 9 a?letic sc5es on ,greek vases & supposes x to be a k9d ( prep>atory ex]cise4 ,8 supposition is correct3 any mod]n acrobat w\ld recognize x z "o ( 8 ex]cises2 ! contraction ( ! muscles by nurs+ "r & left knee 9 turn4 ,acrobats practise ?is ex]cise :5 travell+1 to keep !mselves fit :5 !y are unable to tra94 ,,footnotes3 #cj ,cp4 ,fr4 ,p\ls51 ,delphi1 fig4 #dd4 #ca ,d>emb]g-,saglio1 s4 v4 ,tutulus4 ,fr4 ,p\ls51 ,d] ,ori5t und die frhgrie*4 ,kun/1 p4 #ig1 fig4 #ii1 & p4 #ajg4 ,m>?a1 ,l'art trusque1 p4 #cjf1 fig4 #bjf 7,cyprus74 ,antike ,d5kml] iii1 pl4 #a4 #cb ,9 ! same mann] ! ,roman prie/s us$ fl9t knives 9 _! cult1 & _! razors _h to be ( copp]1 &1 z late z ,roman imp]ial times1 !y us$ black vessels 7nigrum cat9um71 correspond+ to ! ,etruscan buc*]o vases1 at sacrifices4 ,livy i4 #bd4 #i3 ,juv5al vi4 #cdc4 ,cp4 ,mll]-,deecke1 ,die ,etrusk] ii4 p4 #bge4 #cc ,! ,lat9 "n ( ! head-clo? is /ruppus1 & f t a fe/ival at ,fal]ii1 /ruppe>ia1 d]iv$ its "n4 ,x comes f ,ionia1 & is m5tion$ 9 ! poems ( ,sappho 774 #cd ,fr4 ,p\ls51 ,delphi1 fig4 #dd4 #ce ,cp4 ,d>emb]g-,saglio & ,pauly-,wiss[a1 s4 v4 ,amphi!atrum4 #cf ,museo ar*eol4 di ,fir5ze1 p4 #cjc4 #cg ,livy xxix4 #ad4 #ac4 #ch ,cic]o1 ,9 ,v]rem iv4 #df4 ,see also ,k>l ,wig&1 ,?ymiat]ia4 #ci ,= in/ance 9 ,apollonius ,rhodius1 ,argonautica ii4 #fh4 #dj ,cic]o1 ,tusculanae disputationes ii4 #ef4 ,,viii ,sid5ote3 ,,palae/ra ,,life ,we w n dwell on all ! =ms ( wre/l+ conte/s & box+ mat*es :i* appe> 9 ! small frieze ( ! ,bighe tomb1 b only describe a "p ( ! left ma9 wall1 :i* pres5ts an important & difficult problem 7fig4 #bb74 ,to ! left ( a "y man 9 a himation 7n reproduc$7 we see ! l[] "p ( a /atue ( a deity1 :o w\ld seem1 f ! fa9t traces 9 ,/ackelb]g's wat]-col\r1 to h w+s on 8 ankles4 ,if s1 x is ,h]mes1 ! protector ( ! palae/ra1 & ! black object 9 front ( him is a small alt>4 ,on ! o!r side ( ! alt> a boy1 accompani$ by "o ( ! c>etak]s ( ! palae/ra1 clad 9 a blue mantle & c>ry+ a knott$ /ick1 is /&+ ) 8 h& rais$4 ,?is usually indicates ! ador] pray+ to ! div9ity = victory 9 ! conte/4 ,an absolutely ,greek palae/ra int]ior6 ,we h n[ escap$ f ! sph]e ( ! cu/om>y rude games held at ! ,etruscan fun]als1 & ! "q arises :e!r ! ,etruscan knew real palae/ra life ( ! ,greek type or n4 ,9 ! ,oscan t[ns ( ,lucania & ,campania ! y\?s 7 devot$ to ,greek sports1 & ,weege is !re=e incl9$1 9 view especially ( ?is picture1 to believe ! same ( ! nobles ( ,etruria at ! height ( _! glory 9 ! six? & fif? c5turies ,b4,c4 ,b ?is is a dang]\s inf]5ce4 ,:]ev] else we meet ) ,etruscan a?letic types !y are r\gh & lumb]+ ( build & evid5tly pr(essionals4 ,9 ! ,tomba delle ,bighe a ,greek arti/ has be5 at "w2 ?is 0 already admitt$ by ,/ackelb]g & ,ke/n]1 & ! same view is held 9 our own times4 ,al?\gh ! arti/ has compli$ ) ! dem&s ( 8 patron m fully ?an ! ,greek arti/ 9 ! ,tomba del ,b>one1 :o only tr\bl$ himself to d s z f> z dress 0 conc]n$1 b = ! re/ pa9t$ entirely 9 ! _s ( 8 native c\ntry1 ,greek influ5ce1 nev]!less1 has p5etrat$ ev]y:]e4 ,x is se51 = in/ance1 9 ! incongruities ( ! picture3 ! spectators 9 ! corn]s1 sugge/+ actual a?letic games2 !n ?is int]ior f a ,greek palae/ra1 :i* might be int]pret$1 h[ev]1 z "p ( a public conte/2 next comes ! prize table1 z 9 ! ,tomba della ,scimmia1 b on bo? sides himation-clad boys are se51 loit]+ l typical figures ( ! ev]yday life ( ! palae/ra1 :o h absolutely no?+ to d ) ! conc5trat$ excitem5t ( ! sports 9 ! ar5a4 ,to ! left ( ! l[ table we see a little arm$ danc]1 ) helmet1 %ield1 & spe>1 9 ,greek nudity1 n fully dress$ l ! gladiator 9 ! ,tomba della ,scimmia2 8 lance is b5t zigzag-wise1 app>5tly an ,etruscan peculi>ity4 ,) ! ,greeks also1 ! arm$ dance--! pyrrhi*e--=m$ "p ( ! sepul*ral fe/ival1 especially 9 ,cyprus & ,crete1 :]e x 0 call$ prylis2#da & ! cu/om may v well h be5 adopt$ by ! ,etruscans4 ,,footnotes3 #da ,ari/otle1 fragm4 #eai ,r4 ,s*olia to ,hom]'s ,iliad xxiii4 #acj4 ,a simil> danc] or arm$ runn] appe>s 9 ! ,tomba ,casucc9i at ,*iusi2 bo? rem9d u 9 po/ure ( ! ,tb+5 arm$ runn] 7,bulle1 ,d] s*ne ,m5s*1 pl4 #hi74 ,,ix ,sid5ote3 ,,tomba ,,delle ,,bighe ,,symposium ,simil> incongruities1 due to ,greek arti/s1 or at any rate ,greek art1 hav+ set a ,greek /amp on ! wall-pa9t+ ( ,etruria1 meet u 9 ! repres5tations ( symposia4 ,aga9 we c take ! ,bighe tomb z our />t+-po9t 7fig4 #bc74db ,?ree fe/ive c\*es are se5 ) two "y m5 on ea*4 ,! y\?s are nak$ to ! wai/1 & h sumptu\s gold necklaces1 r$ or blue mantles1 & *aplets on _! heads4 ,"s ( !m hold flat dr9k+-b[ls1 "s eggs1 & o!rs h bran*es 9 _! h&s--all ?is1 h[ev]1 we only le>n f ! old copies3 !y are recl9+ on metal c\*es1 :]eas ! tables 9 front ( !m are wood51 z is cle>ly prov$ by ! col\rs employ$4 ,we may wond] t ! c\*es are ( metal1 = accord+ to ! lit]>y tradition ! fir/ metal c\*es came to ,rome z late z #ahg ,b4,c4 ,nev]!less1 ivory & gold5 c\*es are already m5tion$ by ,plautus2 ?is may1 h[ev]1 be due to ! ,greek text on :i* he bas$ 8 com$y 7,/i*us #cgg74 ,! ,etruscans1 at any rate1 knew bronze c\*es at lea/ ?ree hundr$ ye>s e>li]1 & ?is is corroborat$ by ! f9d ( an actual bronze banquet+-c\* 9 a tomb at ,corneto4#dc ,! c\*es are cov]$ ) _m-col\r$ wov5 or embroid]$ bol/]s & cu%ions2 ^! also are m5tion$ 9 ! ,roman com$ies z ornam5ts ( c\*es4#dd ,ducks appe> b5ea? ! c\*es1 & ! gue/s are att5d$ by ?ree nak$ lads3 a flute-play]1 a boy hold+ a bran*1 & ano!r ) a ladle1 :i* are wrongly reproduc$ 9 ! ,ny ,c>lsb]g facsimile z a /aff4 ,! symposium has begun1 ! tables hav+ be5 cle>$4 ,only "y be>dless m5 are se5 fea/+ toge!r1 & no?+ in=ms u :o !y are or :y !y are dr9k+4 ,all t is c]ta9 is ! luxury & pomp :i* seem to h *>act]iz$ ,etruscan h\ses & :i* are especially manife/ 9 ! j+l+ necklaces & ! mat]ial & appo9tm5t ( ! fe/ive c\*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4 ,,back ,,wall ,,9 ,,! ,,tomba ,,dei ,,leop>di ,aft] ,ar*4 ,jahrb4 #aiaf1 pl4 #i ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4 ,,m>ri$ ,,c\ple ,,on ,,an ,,etruscan ,,c9]>y ,,urn ,sid5ote3 ,,tomba ,,dei ,,leop>di--,,hunt+ ,,leop>ds ,new problems arise ) ! l>ge symposium sc5e 9 ! ,tomba dei ,leop>di at ,corneto1 :i* 0 discov]$ 9 #ahge & has n[ be5 describ$ 9 an exempl>y mann] by ,weege 9 ! article m5tion$ above4 ,! pictures are among ! be/ pres]v$ 9 ! :ole ( ,etruria1 & date f ab\t ! same "t z ! ,bighe tomb1 ab\t #ejj ,b4,c4 ,! tomb takes its "n f ! two almo/ life-siz$ leop>ds 9 ! p$im5t 7fig4 #bd74 ,!y h be5 neatly prov$ by ,weege to be hunt+ leop>ds4 ,z e>ly z ! days ( anci5t ,egypt leop>ds 7 tra9$ = hunt+ purposes1 & hunt+ leop>ds appe> 9 ,greek vase-pa9t+s & ,etruscan wall-pa9t+s1 = in/ance1 9 ! e>li] tombs su* z ! ,tomba delle ,leonesse & ! ,tomba del ,tricl9io1 :]e ! animal lies b5ea? a c\*4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages ! hunt+ leop>d 0 /ill tra9$ 9 ! ,ea/1 & is !re=e depict$ 9 ! pa9t+s ( ! ,r5aissance--= in/ance 9 ! pictures ( ,g5tile da ,fabriano & ,b5ozzo ,gozzoli--z seat$ on ! crupp]s ( ! horses beh9d ! ,magi or _! s]vants4#de ,9 mod]n ,india leop>ds are /ill tra9$ to hunt4 ,sid5ote3 ,,tomba ,,dei ,,leop>di ,b5ea? ! two long-bodi$ hunt+ leop>ds we see ! ma9 picture ( ! back wall 7fig4 #bd7 repres5t+ a symposium4 ,on ! c\* to ! left two y\?s are recl9+1 on ea* ( ! two o!rs a y\? & a "y girl4#df ,! "y m5 are attir$ 9 mantles1 ! girls 9 *itons & mantles2 all we> g>l&s4 ,9 _! h&s !y hold ei!r *aplets1 dr9k+-b[ls1 or r\nd objects usually suppos$ to be eggs4 ,simil> #8eggs' appe> 9 num]\s ,etruscan banquet+-sc5es3 9 ! ,tomba del ,tricl9io1 del ,letto funebre1 della ,pulcella1 degli ,scudi1 c41 & z egg-%ells are frequ5tly f\nd 9 ! tombs at ,corneto1 & eggs mu/ !re=e h be5 (f]$ to ! dead#dg--;z ! mo/ n\ri%+ ( foods1 & "o :i* /imulates 9 p>ticul> ! procreative =ce--x is n improbable t ! old int]pretation is ! correct "o4 ,weege supposes !m to be ballot-balls us$ to decide :o %\ld be ! ma/] ( ! symposium 7symposi>*71 b ?is 0 usually decid$ by ?r[+ dice4 ,a ?ird conceivable int]pretation1 :i* ,i ?9k might be acceptable 9 c]ta9 cases :]e a man & a woman h& ea* o!r ^! r\nd objects1 is t !y are r+s4 ,9 ,plautus's ,as9>ia 7#ggh7 x is spok5 ( z typical ( two "y lov]s recl9+ on "o c\* at ! symposium t "o ( !m gives ! o!r 8 or h] r+ to look at4 ,b5ea? & above ! banquet+-c\* we f9d ! previ\sly not$ laurel bran*es--n laurel trees z ,weege calls !m--! famili> adornm5t ( ! walls4 ,! gue/s are s]v$ by two nak$ pages3 "o ( ^!1 :o holds a jug1 beckons to ! o!r1 :o holds a small jug & a /ra9]1 to make ha/e4 ,h[ necess>y x 0 to /ra9 ! w9e is se5 f ! description ( ! eld] ,cato4 ,! ,lat9 ^w = clean+ ! w9e-j>s ( ! grape-sk9s deposit$ by ! w9e is deac9>e4#dh ,,footnotes3 #db ,! l>ge frieze ) danc+ sc5es on ! left ma9 wall 0 already badly damag$ 9 #ahbg4 ,a copy ( x1 n[ 9 ! ,vatican1 is m]e fiction1 & has un=tunately s]v$ z basis = ! l>ge facsimile 9 ! ,glyptotek4 ,on ! o!r h&1 its damag$ /ate is correctly repres5t$ 9 ! small draw+ ( ! tomb 9 ! ,glyptotek4 #dc ,blmn]1 ,rmis*e ,privatalt]tm]1 p4 #aah4 #dd ,on ,etruscan c9]>y urns & t]racotta s>cophagi ! cov]s are z a rule /rongly scallop$4 ,^! are presumably ! tonsilia tappetia ref]r$ to by ,plautus 7,pseudolus #ade ff474 ,!y usually came f ,alex&ria & 7 decorat$ ) pictures ( wild bea/s1 :]eas ! b$ cov]lets prop] came f ,campania4 #de ,^! *eetahs 7 br\ght alive to ,italy1 if n actually us$ = hunt+ by ! pr9ces ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,= among ,pisanello's draw+s 9 ! ,codex ,vall>di 9 ! ,l\vre is a f9e /udy ( "o ( ^! animals f ! life2 x we>s a coll> r\nd its neck1 %[+ t x 0 l$ on a lea%4 ,i owe ?is ref]5ce to ,mr4 ,g4 ,f4 ,hill4 #df ,d5nis & ,/ryk are mi/ak5 9 speak+ ( a y\? & a girl on ! left c\*2 ! error is due to ! damag$ condition ( ! col\r+4 #dg ,cp4 ,juv5al1 ,satires v4 #hb1 :]e eggs are ref]r$ to z a common c\rse at fun]als4 #dh ,cato1 ,de re ru/ica #bf4 ,9 ! ,greek pictures ( symposia also ! slave boy c>ries a /ra9]1 4 ,x ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,heta]ae ,?is wall-pa9t+ is app>5tly a fai?ful copy ( a ,greek pa9t$ repres5tation ( a symposium ) heta]ae1 & ?is is also ,weege's view ( ! sc5e4 ,9 8 op9ion1 ^? :o take "p 9 ! dr9k+ b\ts ( ! "y m5 are n m>ri$ or respectable wom51 b heta]ae4 ,x seems to me t su* a repres5tation 9 a tomb w\ld argue a complete dissolution ( family relations 9 anci5t ,etruria1 :e!r we *oose to int]pret ! pictures z sc5es f life1 or z an expression ( ! wi% t ! next life might take ! =m ( no?+ m or less ?an a revel ) heta]ae4 ,weege ma9ta9s1 fur!r1 t heta]ae recl9$ at table1 :]eas wives sat ) _! husb&s3 b ?is is contr>y to ! express lit]>y tradition1 accord+ to :i* ! ,greeks 7 %ock$ because ! ,etruscan wom5 recl9$ at table ) m5 #8"u ! same cov]let'4 ,! e>lie/ au?ority = ?is /atem5t is ,ari/otle#di &1 accord+ to ?is & o!r acc\nts ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c41 ! free int]c\rse betwe5 m5 & wom5 gave rise to mu* immorality1 ! wom5 ab&on+ !mselves to ! /range m5 ) :om !y recl9$4#ej ,x w\ld h be5 absurd = ! ,greeks to take (f5ce at ?is if x did n apply to free-born wom5 ( good family1 b only to heta]ae1 :o 9 ,hellas did exactly ! same4 ,h[ ?+s 7 ) ! ,greeks 9 ?is respect is made suffici5tly cle> by a passage 9 ! orator ,isaeus#ea3 #8,no "o w\ld d>e to s]5ade m>ri$ wom51 & nei!r d ! m>ri$ wom5 att5d banquets ) _! husb&s1 nor d !y consid] x prop] to p>take ( meals ) /rang]s1 especially *ance acqua9tances'4 ,) ?is sev]e ,a!nian cu/om we mu/ comp>e ^! sc&aliz$ ,greek outbur/s1 &1 at ! same "t1 we mu/ rememb] t 9 ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,etruscan civilization & morals 7 already on ! decl9e1 s t an orig9al latitude1 :i* 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury 0 natural & did n affect ! morals ( dome/ic life1 may at ?is "t h be5 abus$4 ,incid5tally1 we are able to asc]ta9 ! degree ( exagg]ation 9 ano!r ,greek acc\nt ( ! same "t conc]n+ ! luxuri\sness ( ! ,etruscans#eb3 #8,!y recl9$ on fl[]$ cu%ions dr9k+ out ( sumptu\s silv] b[ls & att5d$ by s]vants 9 co/ly dresses1 sometimes by nak$ wom54' ,9 ! ,etruscan pa9t+s !re are num]\s nak$ pages 9 att5dance1 j z 9 ! ,greek symposium pictures1 b n a s+le nak$ h&maid4 ,z to ! "q :e!r respectable wom5 recl9$ or sat at table1 inv>iable rules did n exi/ 9 ,etruria any m ?an !y exi/$ 9 anci5t ,rome1 :]e we "k t ,jupit] alone recl9$ at ! lecti/]nia 7! sacr$ banquets giv5 by ! /ate7 :]eas ,juno & ,m9]va sat2 fur!rmore1 9 ! la/ c5tury ( ! republic1 respectable wom5 sat ) ! m5 at banquets1 :ile brides recl9$4#ec ,! practice ( brides recl9+ c h>dly1 h[ev]1 be acc\nt$ = except z a case ( adh]5ce to an anci5t & hon\rable cu/om :i* 0 sup]s$$ by lat] & sev]] notions4 ,etruscan works ( art1 h[ev]1 give suffici5t in=mation to confute ! :ole ( ,weege's heta]a !ory4 ,man & woman are (t5 se5 recl9+ toge!r on ,etruscan s>cophagi & c9]>y urns1 & on ! face ( x x w\ld seem improbable t a man w\ld h himself pictur$ on 8 s>cophagus ) a heta]a4 ,dr4 ,s4 ,p4 ,corts5 k9dly in=ms me t ?is view is confirm$ by ! fact t two ( ^! c9]>y urns ) a pair ( figures on ! lid h an inscription 9 :i* ! ^w tusur?i or tusur?ir occurs--"o ( ! few ,etruscan words ! signification ( :i* is c]ta93 x means #8sp\ses'4#ed ,& if we look at ! type ( womanhood repres5t$ 9 sev]al ( ! recumb5t c\ples on ! lat] urns1 :5 realism prevails 9 ,etruscan portrait sculpture1 ! appellation heta]a becomes z prepo/]\s z t ( matrons is c]ta9 7fig4 #be74ee ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4 ,,picture ,,f ,,! ,,tomba ,,degli ,,scudi ,,at ,,corneto ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4 ,,picture ,,f ,,! ,,tomba ,,degli ,,scudi ,aft] a col\r$ draw+ 9 ! ,helbig ,museum ,sid5ote3 ,,tomba ,,degli ,,scudi ,b pro( is furni%$ by ! tomb-pa9t+s !mselves4 ,9 ! ,tomba degli ,scudi at ,corneto1 discov]$ 9 #ahgj1 &1 to judge by ! /yle1 dat+ f ! end ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ! wife 7z might be expect$7 is pictur$ sitt+ ) h] husb&1 :o is recl9+ on ! c\* ) a dr9k+-b[l 9 8 left h&1 8 "r re/+ on ! woman's %\ld] 7fig4 #bf74 ,accord+ to ! inscription ! man's "n is ,vel?ur ,vel*a1 t ( ! woman ,ravn?u ,apr?nai 7! family "n is 9 ! nom9ative & is a woman's "n1 ! ,lat9 ,abort5nia2 s ! family ( ! "m 0 ! m di/+ui%$74 ,! figure & ! diadem ( ! woman recall ^? ( ! ,h]a ,borghese & det]m9e ! date ( ! tomb4 ,on ! table 9 front ( ! c\* are a b[l1 a cake 7pyramis71 & a heap ( fruits3 or !y may be ! #8ball-cakes' 7spirae or spa]itae7 ref]r$ to by ,cato 7,de agricultura #hb74 ,at ! foot ( ! c\* a lyre-play] & a flute-play] accompany ! meal ) music1 recall+ a /atem5t ( ,cic]o's#ef t at banquets 9 e>ly ,rome ! s\nd ( /r+$ in/rum5ts & flutes 0 deem$ indisp5sable4 ,on ! :ole1 x might p]haps be z well to ab&on all !ories ( ! au/]e morals ( e>ly ,rome4 ,! patrician families ( ! fir/ c5turies ( ! republic und\bt$ly liv$ a life :i* 9 pomp & luxury vi$ ) ! life ( ! nobility ( ! ,etruscan t[ns4 ,aga91 9 ! pa9t+ on ! back wall ( ?is tomb1 :]e ! recumb5t man is a prie/ 7ce*an]i71 ! wife is seat$ ) h] husb& 7fig4 #bg74 ,z to ! prie/hood1 x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ! prie/ly (fice 0 h]$it>y 9 ! ,etruscan noble families4 ,! /atue ( ,juno at ,veii1 = in/ance1 might only be t\*$ by a prie/ ( a c]ta9 family4#eg ,x 0 especially ! art ( div9ation1 h[ev]1 :i* 0 res]v$ = ! noblem5 & _! wives4#eh ,ev5 :5 ! ,romans _h conqu]$ ,etruria !y cont9u$ to support ! ef=ts ( ! ,etruscans to conf9e initiation into ! art ( div9ation to ! nobility4 ,ev5 ,cic]o1 9 8 book on ! ideal ,/ate1 ma9ta9s t om5s & presages mu/ be submitt$ to h>uspices1 & ! nobles ( ,etruria mu/ tea* ! #8discipl9a'4 ,sid5ote3 ,,tomba ,,dell',,orco ,9 ! pictures ( ! ,scudi tomb ! wife1 z we h se51 is sitt+4 ,b 9 ! ,tomba dei ,vasi ,dip9ti1 besides a man & a woman1 two *ildr5 are pres5t at ! symposium1 :i* w\ld be inconceivable 9 a heta]a picture2 & 9 a picture 9 ! front *amb] ( ! ,tomba dell',orco at ,corneto1 discov]$ 9 #ahfh & dat+ f ! same p]iod z ! ,scudi tomb1 !re are traces ( a man & a woman recl9+ toge!r1 & ! inscription in=ms u t ! woman is a free-born woman nam$ ,velia--! family "n has un=tunately be5 de/roy$--& t %e is m>ri$ to ,arn? ,vel*as1 a desc5dant ( "o ( ! noble/ families 9 ,etruria 7fig4 #bh74 ,) ?is1 !n1 ! la/ & f9al pro( ( ! unt5ability ( ! heta]a !ory has be5 adduc$3 ?is woman1 ^: head is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful 9 ! sepul*ral *amb]s ( ,etruria 7fig4 #bi71 recl9es ) h] husb& on ! c\* 9 ! picture 9 ! tomb1 ev5 z %e 0 buri$ ) him 9 ! tomb itself4 ,a failure to appreciate ?is fact w\ld imply a complete d5ial ( ,etruscan family feel+ & pride ( race4 ,! danc+ wom51 on ! o!r h&1 = in/ance1 ! woman 9 ! ,tomba delle ,leonesse already cit$ above1 & ano!r1 /ill m wanton1 :o 9 ! ,tomba degli ,bac*anti foots x ) a fat danc]1 mu/ be int]pret$ z heta]ae4 ,!y illu/rate ! phrase ( ,plautus3 #8pro/ibile e/ t&em8 /antem /anti savium d>e amicum amicae8' ,to ! same category ( hir$ danc]s belongs ! man to ! left ( ! "o :o is danc+ ) inv]t$ ci?>a4#ei ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4 ,,arn? ,,vel*as ,,& ,,wife ,,on ,,c\* ,,picture ,,9 ,,! ,,tomba ,,dell' ,,orco ,aft] a col\r$ draw+ 9 ! ,helbig ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4 ,,head ,,( ,,arn? ,,vel*as' ,,wife ,,f ,,! ,,tomba ,,dell' ,,orco ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4 ,,back ,,wall ,,9 ,,! ,,tomba ,,del ,,vec*io ,g5]ally speak+1 :at has made d\bt or error possible 9 ! matt] is ! fact t ! pictures1 z we h already said1 9 =m sugge/ ,greek pictures ( heta]ae2 symposia ( any o!r k9d betwe5 m5 & wom5 7 unkn[n 9 ,hellas4 ,& to :at ext5t ! influ5ce ( ,greek art has prevail$ is %[n by ! picture ( a mom5t>y phase ( emotion 9 ! ,tomba ,qu]ciola1 :]e a c\ple recl9+ on ! c\* are kiss+ ea* o!r1 a motive z suitable to a ,greek heta]a picture z x is incongru\s 9 a picture repres5t+ family life aft] dea?4#fj ,ano!r s\rce ( error is ! pron\nc$ s5sualism ( ^! pictures2 9 a sepul*ral pa9t+ z e>ly z ! six? c5tury1 ! ma9 picture ( ! ,tomba del ,vec*io1 we see on a banquet+-c\*1 "u ! wrea?s & *aplets ) bells hang+ on ! wall1 a ho>y old r\ 9 vivaci\s conv]sation ) 8 beautiful "y wife :o holds a g>l&1 a hypo?ymis1 "u 8 nose 7fig4 #cj74fa ,?is picture is typically ,etruscan 9 its comb9ation ( w9e & love4 #8,z soon z we _h eat51' s+s ! ,greek poet ,dromon1#fb #8! slave girl remov$ ! tables2 "o br\ght u wat] = wa%+1 & we wa%$ ourselves2 !n we seiz$ aga9 ! wrea?s ( violets & b\nd our br[s ) g>l&s4' ,! ,etruscans seem to h foll[$ ! ,greek rules m9utely1 b l ! ,egyptians !y let ! free-born wom5 p>take ( ! fe/ivity ( ! symposium itself4 ,,footnotes3 #di ,a!naeus i4 #bc d4 ,on ! ,etruscan cu/om ( recl9+ at table1 l ! ,greeks1 & unlike ! m5 ( ! ,hom]ic age & lat] ! ,mac$onians1 :o sat1 see ,a!naeus i4 #ag f1 #ah a4 #ej ,a!naeus xii4 #eag;d4 ,cp4 ,dionys4 ,halic4 ix4 #af4 #ea ,isaeus iii4 #ad4 #eb ,a!naeus iv4 #aec d4 7 ,timaeus1 fragm4 #ah 9 ,mll]1 ,fragm5ta hi/or4 ,graecorum74 #ec ,fri$lnd]1 ,sitt5ges*i*te ,roms i4 #dgb1 #dgh1 #dic f4 #ed ,corpus inscriptionum ,etrusc>um1 #cheh1 #chfj4 #ee ,! ,etruscan "* = immorality is *iefly due to ,!opompus 7fragm4 #bbb 9 ,mll]1 ,fragm4 hi/4 ,graec4 i4 p4 #cae71 b he gives simil> descriptions ( ! ,!ssalians1 & seems to h specializ$ 9 *roniques sc&aleuses4 ,( equal value is 8 in=mation t ! ,syb>ites lov$ ! ,etruscans because ( _! luxuri\sness 7,a!naeus xii4 #eai b74 ,x is regrettable t ,!ophra/us' "w on ! ,etruscans is lo/2 x w\ld h provid$ in=mation ( q a diff]5t "*4 7,cp4 ! ,s*olia to ,p9d>1 ,py?ia ii4 #c47 #ef ,de oratore iii4 #aig4 #eg ,livy v4 #bb4 #e4 #eh ,! mo/ fam\s ( all ! ,etruscan wom5 v]s$ 9 div9ation is ! wise b guileful ,tanaquil1 :o play$ a political "p 9 ,rome3 ,livy i4 #cd4 #ei 1 l ,apollo 9 ! conte/ ) ,m>syas 7,apollodorus1 ,biblio!ca i4 #d4 #b74 #fj ,9 ! same picture we also f9d a repres5tation ( a true ,greek motive1 kottabos4 ,ano!r mom5t>y motive appe>s 9 ! ,tomba d',orfeo e d',euridice at ,corneto 7,monum5ti v4 pl4 #ag71 a slave pull+ (f 8 ma/]'s slipp]s4 #fa ,hypo?ymides 7 fir/ us$ #8by ! ,aeolians & ,ionians :o wore !m r\nd _! necks1 z we le>n f ! poems ( ,anacreon & ,alcaeus' 7,a!naeus xv4 #fgh d72 ,cp4 ,plut>*1 ,quae/4 conviv4 iii4 probl4 #a1 #c4 ,9 ,ionia ! wom5 p]fum$ _! bosoms & wore wrea?s ( fl[]s r\nd _! #8delicate necks'1 z ,sappho says 7,a!naeus xv4 #fgd c-d74 #fb ,a!naeus ix4 #dji e4 ,,xi ,sid5ote3 ,,symposia ,b we c g /ill fur!r & e/abli% beyond ! possibility ( d\bt t :]e m5 alone are ga!r$ at ! symposium ( et]nity1 ! pictures repres5t ! heads ( ! families :o ord]$ ! tombs & _h !m decorat$4 ,to be sure1 ! pictures ( ! six? & ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5turies d n give u any in=mation z to ?is--ev5 ! symposium 9 ! ,tomba delle ,bighe is )\t inscription2 b 9 ?is respect also ! sepul*ral pa9t+s become m communicative aft] ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury4 ,9 ! ,tomba ,gol9i at ,orvieto1 discov]$ 9 #ahfc & call$ aft] its discov]]1 &1 to judge f its /yle1 contempor>y ) ! ,tomba degli ,scudi & ! front *amb] ( ! ,tomba dell',orco1 we see 9 ! symposium on ! back wall 7fig4 #ca7 two m5 on ! same c\* dr9k+ to ! accompanim5t ( ! two famili> musicians4 ,b5ea? ! c\* we c make out dimly a s]vant1 & a hunt+ leop>d1 probably fe$+2 bo? h _! names atta*$3 t ( ! animal is ,kankru4 ,9 ,egyptian reliefs also1 dat+ f ! ,fif? ,dyna/y1 we occasionally f9d names atta*$ to ! dome/ic animals depict$1 = in/ance ducks & pigeons4 ,( ! two m5 recl9+ on ! c\* ! =emo/ holds a dr9k+-b[l & an egg4 ,9 ! ,ny ,c>lsb]g facsimile he is repres5t$ z be>dless1 b no d\bt wrongly4 ,x is an eld]ly man2 8 face is "o ( ! e>lie/ examples ( naturalism 9 ,etruscan portraiture4 ,! o!r1 full-be>d$1 holds a flat1 flut$ vessel )\t foot1 presumably "o ( ! celebrat$ ,etruscan gold5 vessels :i* are m m9utely *>act]iz$ 9 a symposium 9 ! ,tomba della ,pulcella2 !y 7 ev5 introduc$ into ,a!ns1 :]e1 side by side ) ,cor9?ian works 9 bronze1 !y =m$ "p ( ! decoration ( a weal?y h\se1 & !y are eulogiz$ 9 a poem by ,critias1#fc "o ( ,a!ns' f9e/ beaux esprits4 ,sid5ote3 ,,tomba ,,gol9i ,,at ,,orvieto ,9 ?is pa9t+ 9 ! ,tomba ,gol9i ! inscriptions give u mu* valuable in=mation z to ! connexion betwe5 ! two p]sons4#fd ,above ! fir/ we read3 #8,vel lecates arn?ial ruva l>?ialisa clan velusum nefs m>niu spurana epr?nec t5ve me*lum rasneas cleus9sl zila*nve pulum rumitr9e ?i malce clel lur4' ,9 translation ! text runs3 #8,vel ,lecates1 ,arn?'s bro!r1#fe son ( ,l>?1 & desc5dant ( ,vel4 ,he held ! (fices ( ,m>o urbanus 7spur means t[n7 & ,epr?ne 7secul> (ficial title7 & 0 ,zila* 7dictator7 ( ! ,etruscan p 9 ,clusium4444' ,! re/ is un9telligible4 ,x is int]e/+ 9 ! inscription to come across ! "n by :i* ! ,etruscans call$ !mselves1 rasneas2 ,dionysius ( ,halic>nassus 7i4 #cj7 0 !re=e ju/ifi$ 9 say+ t ! ,etruscans call$ !mselves ,ras5as4 ,! "n ,l>? is common 9 ,etruscan inscriptions4 ,! ,romans knew x & call$ ! well-kn[n ,etruscan k+ by 8 full "n1 ,l>s ,pors5na 79 ,etruscan1 ,l>? ,pursna74#ff ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4 ,,symposium ,,9 ,,! ,,tomba ,,gol9i ,,at ,,orvieto ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4 ,,wall-,,pa9t+ ,,9 ,,! ,,tomba ,,gol9i ,sid5ote3 ,,tomba ,,gol9i ,we n[ turn to ! inscription above ! be>d$ man on ! same c\*2 8 "n is ,arn? ,le9ies1 son ( ,l>?1 & desc5dant ( ,vel2 8 (ficial titles foll[1 & ! inscription ends3 #8ruva lecates velus amce1' i4 e41 0 bro!r ( ,vel ,lecates4 ,?us we h two bro!rs recl9+ on ! same c\*1 & ! inscription makes x probable t ! o!r symposia/s1 too1 are n *ance revell]s1 b memb]s ( ! same family1 unit$ 9 ! picture z !y 7 9 life & 9 ! grave4 ,9 ! same tomb1 to ! left ( ?is sc5e1 we see a table1 be>+ sev]al metal vessels1 a ?ymiat]ion1 & an ivory box = inc5se1 & flank$ by two c&elabra ) light$ c&les /uck into birds' beaks 7fig4 #cb74 ,! ,etruscans 7 consid]$ inv5tors ( ! art ( c&lemak+ & taught ! ,romans to manufacture diff]5t k9ds ( c&les1 f big wax c&les--c&elae & c]ei--to *eap dips--sebaceae4 ,! ,italic peoples us$ c&les & c&le/icks until ,roman ,imp]ial times1 ?\gh 9 ! la/ c5turies !y also _h oil lamps1 ! manufacture & use ( :i* !y _h le>n$ f ! ,greeks2 ! olde/ clay lamps f\nd 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ,italy date f ab\t #cjj ,b4,c4#fg ,to ! left ( ! table is se5 a nak$ slave ) a jug & a di%2 to ! "r a "y man 9 a light-col\r$1 sleev$ *iton1 :o has be5 conjectur$ to be ano!r s]vant4 ,b aga9 ! inscription af=ds positive in=mation3 #8,vel le9ies l>?ial ruva arn?ialum clan velusum pruma?s avils semphs lupuce'2 i4e4 #8,vel ,le9ies1 ,l>?'s bro!r1 son ( ,arn? & desc5dant ( ,vel2 he di$ 7lupuce7 at ! age ( #g4'fh ,s ! boy is son ( ! h9dmo/ man on ! banquet+-c\* & belongs to ! noble family int]r$ 9 ! tomb4 ,,footnotes3 #fc ,a!naeus i4 #bh b4 #fd ,corpus inscr4 ,etrusc4 #ejic-d4 ,i am indebt$ to my fri5d1 ,dr4 ,s4 ,p4 ,corts51 = help 9 ! int]pretation ( ?is & o!r ,etruscan inscriptions4 ,^! are = ! great] "p incorrectly copi$ 9 ! ,ny ,c>lsb]g facsimiles4 #fe ,t ruva means bro!r seems to be unanim\sly accept$1 ?\gh x only appe>s 9 ! two inscriptions ( ?is tomb4 #ff ,! "n ,pursna or ,purs5a has1 h[ev]1 nev] be5 f\nd 9 any ,etruscan inscription4 ,! ,etruscan ,l> or ,l>? has no?+ to d ) ! ,roman ,las or ,l>4 ,cp4 ,s*ulze1 ,zur ,ges*i*te late94 ,eig5nam51 #he4 #a2 ,pauli1 ,altital4 ,/udi51 iv4 #fd ff4 #fg ,) ref]5ce to ! use ( tap]s at ! bi] 9 antiquity see ,ru%=?1 ,j\rnal ( ,roman ,/udies1 v4 #aiae1 p4 #adi ff4 #fh ,cp4 ,vilh4 ,?oms51 ,rem>ques sur la p>5t de la langue trusque1 ,bullet9 de l',acadmie royale de ,danem>k1 #ahii1 no4 #d1 p4 #cia4 ,,xii ,correspond+ to ! lasso+ ( ! horse 9 ! ,tomba del ,mor5te1 z a prep>ation = ! *>iot race1 we f9d 9 ! ,tomba ,gol9i pictures ( ! prep>ations = ! banquet :i* is celebrat$ 9 ! pictures m5tion$ above4 ,9 "o ( ! pictures we see cattle1 v5ison1 & p\ltry hang+ 9 ! l>d]1 9 ano!r ! cook+ 9 ! kit*5 itself 7fig4 #cc72 l ev]y?+ else 9 ,etruria1 x is accompani$ by ! flute4 ,to ! left ( ! flute-play] a woman is /ruggl+ ) a sidebo>d pil$ ) food2 to ! "r a nak$ slave ) a lo9-clo? is work+ at a small table1 us+ two small implem5ts r l plummets4 ,v>i\s int]pretations h be5 advanc$3 t he is knead+ d\gh1 or gr9d+ col\rs2 ! latt] explanation1 h[ev]1 is improbable 9 a kit*5 sc5e4 ,besides ^! ,d5nis proposes a ?ird possibility--t he is *opp+ vegetables1 b he d>es n commit himself to a decision4 ,! table itself1 at :i* ! slave is /&+1 seems to h a rais$ edge1 & !reby recalls ! eld] ,cato's recipe = ! prep>ation ( *eese cakes & puffs#fi3 #8,take a clean table1 a foot broad1 surr\nd x ) an edge 7balteus71 & !n mix honey & *eese on x4' ,= puffs1 directions are giv5 to belab\r ! d\gh ) two /icks or /aves 7rudes74 ,aft] all ! proc$ure "h is some:at simil>1 only t ! d\gh is knead$ ) pieces ( metal & n ) /aves4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4 ,,kit*5 ,,int]ior ,,9 ,,! ,,tomba ,,gol9i ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4 ,,pa9t+ ,,9 ,,! ,,tomba ,,del ,,letto ,,funebre ,aft] a col\r$ draw+ 9 ! ,helbig ,museum ,sid5ote3 ,,kit*5 ,,sc5es ,9 ^! sc5es f kit*5 & w9e-cell>1 :]e ! wood is be+ *opp$1#gj :]e ! cooks are sw++ ! saucepans or work+ at ! range1#ga :]e "y slaves are /ruggl+ ) sidebo>ds cov]$ ) dr9k+-vessels1 ! inscriptions conta9 ! names ( ! slaves4 ,m5 desir$ to be s]v$ 9 ! aft]-life by ! same skilful slaves z 9 ! pres5t1 & x 0 !re=e ! cu/om 9 lat] times to add ! names4 ,?is rem9ds "o ( ! ,egyptian tomb-reliefs1 :]e sometimes ! s]fs & ! slave girls are designat$ only by ! "n & m>k ( ! e/ate1 s t 9 a way ea* ( !m repres5ts "o ( ! e/ates ( ! deceas$ "l1 :]eas 9 o!r cases !y h _! prop] names atta*$ & survive z p]sonalities 9 ! aft]-life4 ,,footnotes3 #fi ,de agricultura #gf & #hf4 #gj ,cp4 ,plautus1 ,pseudolus #aeh #8te cum securi caudicali praeficio prov9ciae4' #ga ,cp4 ,s5eca1 ,epi/4 #aad4 #bf #8adspice cul9as no/ras et concursantis int] tot ignes coquos4' ,,xiii ,sid5ote3 ,,tomba ,,del ,,letto ,,funebre ,?us we see a sl[ trans=mation tak+ place 9 ! ideas :i* inspir$ ! ,etruscan tomb-pa9t+s4 ,9 ! ,tomba del ,morto & ! ,tomba degli ,auguri1 ! repres5tation ( ! dea? lam5t %[$ pla9ly t ! ma9 !me 0 ! fe/ival 9 hon\r ( ! dead2 & ! memorial fea/ itself %\ld probably 9 mo/ cases be recogniz$ 9 ! banquet accompani$ by ! symposium or--z 9 ! ,tomba delle ,iscrizioni--! prep>ations = x4 ,?is conception is also cle>ly express$ 9 ! sepul*ral pa9t+s ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c41 su* z ! ,tomba del ,letto funebre1 :]e ! ma9 picture 7fig4 #cd7 repres5ts an enorm\s c\* ) a foot/ool 9 front#gb2 on ! tall pile ( bol/]s & cov]lets re/ two pairs ( cu%ions1 ea* ( !m support+ a gre5 *aplet encircl+ a po9t$ cap 7tutulus74 ,gre5 fe/oons & a long r$ cord hang on ! walls3 to ! "r ( ! c\* are two symposia/s & two slaves2 ! slaves face ! big c5tral c\*1 & hold "o an egg1 ! o!r a loaf 9 _! rais$ h&s4 ,to ! left ( ! picture are ! flute-play] & ! sidebo>d ) vases4 ,"h we get an idea h[ a lecti/]nium 0 spread 9 hon\r ( ! dead1 9 connexion ) ! symposium at a memorial fea/4 ,! dead are repres5t$ by _! headge>2 to t ! slaves to ! "r are (f]+ sacrifice1 to t ! flute-play] to ! left s\nds 8 notes4 ,h[ deeply1 9 ?is direction also1 tradition influ5c$ ! ,romans1 & h[ long ! practice l+]$1 is se5 f ! description :i* ! satiri/ ,p]sius gives 7iii4 #ajc7 ( a noble ,roman ly+ 9 /ate3 ,h9c tuba1 c&elae1 t&emque beatulus alto compositus lecto crassisque lutatus amomis 9 portam rigidas calces ext5dit3 at illum he/]ni capite induto subi]e ,quirites4 ,& !n ! horns1 ! c&les6 & ! dead1 ,sme>$ ) ?ick balms1 lies /iff on l(ty b$1 ,heels po9t+ doorw>ds1 till he's borne away ,by new-capp$ citiz5s#gc ( ye/]day4 ,b ! pictures 9 ! ,tomba ,gol9i seem to indicate t ! symposium is n only a c]emony on ! fun]al day or at memorial fea/s1 b t ! purpose is1 by means ( ! pa9t+ z well z by ! und\bt$ly spl5did accessories ( ! tombs1 :i* 7 rifl$ & remov$ long ago1 to secure to ! dead or ! :ole ( ! family1 :o 9 c\rse ( "t 7 int]r$ 9 ! tomb1 a happy & fe/ive exi/5ce h]eaft]2 ! same idea z 9 ! ,egyptian tomb-reliefs1 ! object ( :i* 0 to safegu>d ! deceas$ aga9/ #8! second dea?'1 t is1 annihilation4 ,& j z ! ,egyptian tomb-reliefs ext5d to all aspects ( life 9 ord] t ! dead may enjoy )\t re/riction ! sight ( ev]y?+ :i* made 8 life ri* & fe/ive1 f ! indu/ry ( ! slaves & artisans occupi$ 9 8 s]vice to 8 own boat+ & hunt+ exp$itions 9 ! papyrus ?ickets ( ! ,nile1 s ! ,etruscan sepul*ral pa9t+s h a fur!r object & treat subjects :i* are only intelligible if ! end 9 view is to procure = ! dead a full enjoym5t ( ! delights ( life1 & :i* _c 9 any way be associat$ ) fun]al or fun]al fea/4 ,?is applies especially to ! hunt+ pictures ( ! six? & fif? c5turies ,b4,c41 f\nd respectively 9 ! ,tomba della ,caccia e della ,pesca & 9 ! ,tomba ,qu]ciola4 ,,footnotes3 #gb ,foot/ools 7 also us$ 9 ,rome = m\nt+ ! high c\*es4 ,v>ro1 ,de l+ua ,lat9a v4 #afh4 #gc i4 e4 slaves made free by 8 w1 & entitl$ to we> ! cap ( lib]ty4 ,,xiv ,sid5ote3 ,,etruscan ,,imp]ialism ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,p[] ,,( ,,etruria ,sid5ote3 ,,etruscan ,,influ5ce ,,9 ,,rome ,9 ! old] gr\p ( tombs ( ! latt] "p ( ! six? & ! e>li] "p ( ! fif? c5turies ,b4,c4 we f9d a bright & *e]ful delight 9 ! mat]ial pleasures ( life1 & a cle> confid5ce 9 ! belief t ! race1 ^: means are suffici5t to provide & adorn a sumptu\s sepul*ral *amb]1 w also be p]mitt$ to enjoy all ?is--f w9e & wom5 to hunt+ & sangu9>y games--9 ! h]eaft]4 ,?us x is n = no?+ t ^! tombs syn*ronize ) ! "t ( ,etruscan imp]ialism4 ,previ\s to ?is1 ! m>itime p[] ( ,etruria _h made x dread$ & hat$ by ! ,greeks1 ^: %ips 7 expos$ to seizure & piracy z (t5 z !y v5tur$ across ! #8,tyrrh5ian ,sea'1 s t ! ,greeks _h only "o colony on ! nor? coa/ ( ,sicily1 & _h great tr\ble 9 keep+ up communications ) ! ,campanian ,kyme & ) ,massilia4#gd #8,! savage ,etruscan' already appe>s 9 po/-,hom]ic poetry1 :]e ,circe be>s ,odysseus two *ildr51 ,lat9us & ,agrius 7! savage71 :o repres5t ! two pr9cipal races ( ,italy1 ! ,lat9s & ! ,etruscans4 ,at l5g?1 9 #dgd ,b4,c41 ! ,kymeans1 9 alliance ) ,hi]on1 ! rul] ( ,syracuse1 succe$$ 9 ga9+ a sea victory ov] ! ,etruscan fleet1 :i* ,p9d> has celebrat$ 9 ! fir/ ,py?ian ,ode 7i4 #gb ff471 & aft] :i* ,hi]on s5t to ,olympia a bronze helmet ) an inscription record+ ! victory1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,?is defeat 0 ! fir/ w>n+ t ! ,etruscans _h rea*$ ! z5i? ( _! p[]1 b z late z ! latt] "p ( ! f\r? c5tury _! piracy 0 /ill dang]\s & tr\blesome to ,greek %ipp+1 z is se5 f a passage ( ,ari/otle & an inscription ( #cbe-cbd ,b4,c4#ge ,z a bulw>k ( _! m>itime p[]1 z e>ly z ! six? c5tury !y _h conqu]$ ,corsica1 & on l& !y rul$ f ! pla9 ( ! ,po1 :i* !y likewise conqu]$ 9 ! six? c5tury1 to ! s\!rnmo/ "p ( ,campania1 :]e !y made ,capua itself submit to _! p[]4#gf ,cato 0 ju/ifi$ 9 say+ t almo/ ! :ole ( ,italy 9 ! days ( old _h be5 #89 ! p[] ( ! ,tuscans'1#gg & :5 ,sophocles#gh w\ld enum]ate ! di/ricts ( ,italy he m5tions only ?ree3 ,o9otria 7,s\? ,italy71 ! ,tyrrh5ian1 & ! ,ligurian l&4 ,:5 ! ,a!nians dur+ ! ,peloponnesian ,w> und]took ! desp]ate campaign aga9/ ,syracuse1 !y alli$ !mselves 9 #dae ) ! ,etruscans1 ^: auxili>ies 7 among/ ! brave/ 9 ! ,a!nian (f5sive =ce4#gi ,9 ! p]iod ( ! wall-pa9t+s 9 "q1 ,rome h]self 0 also made subject to !m & _h to pay contributions to ! p[]ful ,etruscan conf$]ation1 aft] ! k+ ( ,clusium1 ,pors5na1 _h seiz$ ! city 9 #ejh ,b4,c4 ,z is well kn[n1 attempts 7 made by lat] hi/orians to gloss ov] ?is capture ( ! t[n1 & ! honor>y decrees ( ! s5ate to ,pors5na are describ$ z volunt>y1 b tell q pla9ly _! own tale ( subjection4#hj ,aga9/ ! backgr\nd ( ?is ev5t ! contempor>y ,tomba della ,scimmia at ,*iusi acquires a new int]e/2 x 0 con/ruct$ = "o ( ^? families :i* took "p 9 ! victory ov] ,rome4 ,b previ\s to ?is1 ! names ( ! ,roman k+s3 ,lucius ,t>qu9ius & ,t>qu9ius ,sup]bus--,t>qu9ius is ! ,etruscan ,t>*na#ha--;be> witness to ! dep5d5ce ( ,rome1 :i* is also evid5t f ! p]man5t ,etruscan occupation ( ! ,janiculum4 ,x is q possible t ! expulsion ( ,t>qu9ius ,sup]bus does n m>k ! fall ( ! national mon>*y1 b 0 simply an attempt to ?r[ (f ! =eign yoke1 an attempt :i* l$ to ,pors5na's occupation ( ! city two ye>s lat] & ?us did n br+ ab\t ! emancipation ( ! ,romans4#hb ,x is 9 ?is p]iod ( dep5d5ce t ! ,etruscans left _! m>k on ! laws & cu/oms ( ,rome1 t ! ?ree olde/ ,roman tribes1 ,ramnes1 ,tities1 & ,luc]es1 got _! names1 :i*1 z /at$ by ,v>ro1#hc on ! evid5ce ( an ,etruscan trag$ian ,volnius1 are ,etruscan1 a view %>$ by ! mod]n philologi/ ,wilhelm ,s*ulze4#hd ,! insignia also ( ! ,roman (ficials1 su* z ! curule *air & ! toga praetexta1#he & ! twelve consul> lictors ) ! fasces1#hf are rightly trac$ back to ,etruria4 ,= ! ,etruscan conf$]ation consi/$ ( twelve t[ns1 & ea* ( ^! *ose a k+ :o appe>$ at ! ga!r+s foll[$ by a lictor1 & only :5 !y *ose a common ov]lord & w>-lead] c\ld he appe> ) twelve lictors4 ,x is !re=e r improbable t ! ,roman k+s appe>$ ) twelve lictors 9 _! tra92 m probably ?is l>ge ret9ue only became ! privilege ( ! consuls aft] ! suppression ( ,etruria4 ,b x 0 ^u ! nobility ( ,rome t ^? ye>s ( ,etruscan pr$om9ance left _! deepe/ impress1 & x has ?us be5 possible = ,wilhelm ,s*ulze1 ?r\gh 8 inve/igations ( ,etruscan & ,lat9 prop] names1 to ?r[ a rem>kable light on ! e>lie/ hi/ory ( ,rome & to prove t a great numb] ( ! olde/ patrician families ( ,rome 7 desc5dants ( ! ,etruscan rul+ race1 & t int]m>riage ) ,etruscans1 & ,etruscan influ5ce on ,rome1 p]si/$ d[n to ! end ( ! ,roman republic4#hg ,x is also beyond d\bt t ! peculi> ,roman sy/em ( patron & cli5t1 by :i* cli5ts atta*$ !mselves to a nobleman z foll[]s 7clu5tes71 add$ 8 "n to _! own1 & paid him dues 9 peace "t1 ?\gh !y 7 orig9ally immune f milit>y s]vice1#hh 0 ( ,etruscan orig91 nay1 0 ! ess5tial feature 9 ! /ructure ( ! ,etruscan community4 ,9 c\rse ( "t ! ,roman cli5ts became liable to milit>y s]vice1 obta9+ at ! same "t civic rights1 & x is presumably ?is fact :i* acc\nts = ,rome's f9al victory ov] ! ,etruscans1 ^: pr\d ,lucumones res]v$ to !mselves bo? civic privileges & milit>y skill1 & 7 !re=e doom$ to ext9ction :5 luxury & effem9acy _h sapp$ _! /r5g?4 ,sid5ote3 ,,etruscan ,,nobility ,,& ,,cli5ts ,b at ! p]iod ( ! tombs 9 "q ! blood ( ! nobility is /ill heal?y & is 9 no ne$ ( reg5]ation4 ,?is is ! nobility ^: long lances controll$ ,italy1 & ^: cavalry 0 s t]rible 9 onset4#hi ,! pictures ( ! tombs %[ !m at ! dea? lam5t1 at fea/s1 & on hunt+ exp$itions1 at symposia1 :]e m5 & wom5 freely indulge 9 w9e & love1 & f9ally 9 ! ,tomba delle ,bighe z spectators seat$ on ! /&s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! horsem51 ! danc]s1 ! danc+-wom51 & ! a?letes are c]ta9ly ( l[] extraction1 hir$ s]vants l ! correspond+ p]=m]s 9 ,rome1 p]haps1 to "s ext5t1 cli5ts4 ,,footnotes3 #gd ,/rabo vi4 p4 #daj 7 ,ephorus1 fragm4 #b 9 ,mll]1 ,fragm5ta hi/oric4 graec4 i4 p4 #bdf74 ,! +5i\s etymologi/ ,philo*orus ev5 d]iv$ ! ^w #8tyrant' f ,tyrrh5ians 7,philo*4 fragm4 #e 9 ,mll]1 op4 cit474 #ge ,ditt5b]g]1 ,sylloge inscriptionum ,graec>um1#c #cje1 ) note #a4 #gf ,polybius ii4 #ag4 ,livy v4 #cc4 #g-h4 #gg ,orig9es #fb4 #gh ,dionys4 ,halic4 i4 #ab4 #gi ,?ucydides vi4 #hh1 & vii4 #ed-e4 #hj ,dionys4 ,halic4 v4 #bf1 #ce1 #ci4 #ha ,s*ulze1 ,zur ,ges*i*te late94 ,eig5nam51 p4 #ie f41 #bfb ff4 #hb ,dionys4 ,halic4 iii4 #de1 #dg ff4 #hc ,v>ro1 ,de l+ua ,lat9a v4 #e2 ,livy i4 #ac4 #h4 #hd ,cp4 ,e4 ,kornemann1 ,klio xiv4 #aiad-ae1 p4 #aij4 #he ,livy i4 #h4 #c4 #hf ,dionys4 ,halic4 iii4 #fa-b4 #hg ,wilhelm ,s*ulze1 ,zur ,ges*i*te late9is*] ,eig5nam54 ,abh4 d] kgl4 ,gesells*4 d] ,wiss5s*4 zu ,gtt+51 ,phil4-hi/4 ,kl41 ,neue ,folge1 ,bd4 #e1 ,no4 #e1 p4 #fb ff4 #hh ,dionys4 ,halic4 ii4 #h1 #aj4 #hi ,livy iv4 #ah4 #h4 ,cp4 ix4 #bi4 #b1 :]e ! ,etruscans are describ$ z ! mo/ dang]\s enemies ( ! ,romans4 ,,xv ,sid5ote3 ,,decl9e ,,& ,,fall ,,( ,,etruria ,b dome/ic & =eign enemies de/roy$ ?is race ( rul]s4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! f\r? c5tury !y 7 attack$ simultane\sly by ! ,gauls f ! nor?1 by ! ,samnites#ij f ! s\?-ea/1 & by ! ,romans f ! s\?4 ,! ,gauls inundat$ = "s "t ! :ole ( ,etruria & pres5tly captur$ ,rome z well1 b 7 driv5 back aga9 to ,nor? ,italy4 ,! ,samnites seiz$ ,capua2 b a f> heavi] bl[ 0 ! loss ( ! great city ( ,veii1 ! s\!rnmo/ city ( ,etruria prop]1 :i* 0 captur$ by ! ,romans 9 #cif ,b4,c4#ia ,9 spite ( ! alliance ) ,c>?age1 ! m>itime p[] ( ! ,etruscans also decl9$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! f\r? c5tury1 b x 0 n until ! ?ird c5tury t !y receiv$ ! dea?-bl[ at ! h&s ( ! ,romans & ,lat9s4 ,t !y 7 /ill dang]\s antagoni/s at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird c5tury may be se5 f ,livy's acc\nt1 b at ! end ( ! c5tury1 dur+ ! second ,punic w>1 _! rebelli\s _s 0 easily quell$1 & ev5 ,hannibal c\ld n tempt !m to unite 9 revolt4#ib ,at t "t ! c\ntry 0 /ill ri*1 z is pla9ly %[n by ! requisitions = ,scipio's army4#ic ,x 0 n until ! foll[+ c5tury t ,etruria sank into deep pov]ty2 9 ! "t ( ! ,grac*i ! c\ntry 0 almo/ a wa/e4#id ,plautus describes ! ,etruscan p z v immoral2 9 ! ,ci/ell>ia 7#efb7 ! poet speaks ( ^? :o procure _! d[ry ignobly1 l ! ,tuscans1 by sell+ _! bodies1 & 9 ! ,curculio 7#dhb7 ! ,etruscan qu>t] ( ,rome is ref]r$ to z #8inhabit$ by p]sons :o sell !mselves'4 ,!n foll[$ 9 ! fir/ c5tury ,b4,c4 ! milit>y colonies ( ,sulla1#ie :i* gradually ,romaniz$ ! c\ntry4 ,inscriptions1 especially f ! bord]l& ( ,umbria1 :i* _h be5 p>tly ,etruscan1 be> ample witness to ! way 9 :i* ! language *ang$ ev5 )9 ! old ,etruscan families4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ! fir/ c5tury p>ts ( ! c\ntry 7 ravag$ by ,p4 ,clodius ,pul*] & 8 b&s ( soldi]s4#if ,!n comes ! f\ndation ( new milit>y colonies by ,caes> &1 f9ally1 ! complete ,romanization ( ! c\ntry "u ,augu/us4 ,prop]tius#ig describes1 n )\t pa?os1 ! ext]m9ation ( ! la/ ,etruscan /rongholds dur+ ! ,p]usian w> 9 ! ye> #dj ,b4,c43 #8ev]sosque focos antiquae g5tis ,etruscae'4 ,! k ( ! ,etruscan language 0 pres]v$ all ?r\gh antiquity by ! ,etruscan soo?say]s4 ,! emp]or ,claudius 0 v]s$ 9 ,etruscan1 & deliv]$ a long address 9 ! ,s5ate ab\t ! pres]vation ( ! old ,etruscan ritual aga9/ ! invasion ( new1 ori5tal elem5ts4 ,! o!r emp]ors _h1 z a rule1 an ,etruscan soo?say] 9 _! suite1 :om !y consult$ be=e tak+ any important /ep1 & ?is cu/om surviv$ d[n to ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,julian ! ,apo/ate 0 accompani$ by ho/s ( ,etruscan soo?say]s1 :o1 h[ev]1 und\bt$ly read ! sacr$ books 9 ! ,lat9 translation by ,t>quitius ,priscus1#ih &1 z late z #djh1 we le>n t ,tuscan soo?say]s & scribes /ill exi/$4 ,if any ( !m at t "t c\ld /ill read ! language1 !n ,etruscan1 z a dead & sacr$ language1 _h surviv$ ! disappe>ance ( ! p by ab\t half a mill5nium4#ii ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce4 ,,demon ,,9 ,,! ,,tomba ,,dell' ,,orco ,,footnotes3 #ij ,livy iv4 #cg4 #a-b4 #ia ,livy v4 #bb4 #h4 #ib ,livy xxvii4 #ba4 #f2 #ch4 #f4 #ic ,livy xxviii4 #de4 #ad-ah4 #id ,plut>*1 ,tib]ius ,grac*us #h4 #ie ,z a puni%m5t because ! c\ntry _h jo9$ ! p>ty ( ,m>ius4 ,plut>*1 ,m>ius #da4 #if ,cic]o1 ,pro ,milone #bf1 #gd1 #hg4 #ig ii4 #a4 #bi4 ,! lat] au?ors speak ( no?+ b ! corpul5cy & imbecility ( ! ,etruscans4 ,catullus1 ,c>m4 #ci4 #ba4 ,virgil1 ,georg4 ii4 #aic2 ,a54 xi4 #gcb4 ,diodorus v4 #dj4 #ih ,?ul91 ,pauly-,wiss[a1 vii4 #bdcd4 #ii ,! be/ summ>y view ( ! ,etruscan civilization is /ill to be f\nd 9 ,ottfri$ ,mll]1 ,die ,etrusk]1 9 ! second edition by ,deecke4 ,,xvi ,to ?is long1 sad p]iod ( national decl9e ! lat] gr\p ( ,etruscan tomb-pa9t+s & reliefs on c9]>y urns =m a rem>kable & melan*oly accompanim5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,,tomba ,,dell' ,,orco ,! cont9uity is unbrok52 ! new creeps 91 at fir/1 )\t sup]s$+ ! old subjects4 ,?is is especially cle> 9 ! front room ( ! ,tomba dell' ,orco1 :i* dates f ! latt] "p ( ! fif? c5tury1 & f :i* we reproduc$ ! beautiful m>ri$ c\ple at ! symposium 7figs4 #bh1 #bi72 9 ! same sepul*ral *amb] we see 9 a corn]1 b5ea? a f9ely /yliz$ v9e1 a t]rible dea? demon1 ) l>ge w+s & a %ock ( wildly flutt]+ r$di% hair1 :i* is %>ply outl9$ on a blue backgr\nd z if x 7 surr\nd$ by a halo4 ,8 be>d is po9t$1 8 nose t]m9ates 9 an eagle's beak2 ov] 8 %\ld] a snake re>s itself1 & ! lat*ets ( 8 %oes are snakes4 ,8 dress consi/s ( a sleev$ *iton ) belt & %\ld]-/raps1 & 9 8 h& he c>ries a tor* or a hamm]4 ,! eyes roll horribly 9 ! blui% face2 ! col\r ( ! sk9 recalls ! blue-bottle fly 7fig4 #ce74 ,sid5ote3 ,,und]world ,,sc5es ,?is dea? demon is pa9t$ isolat$1 unconnect$ ) ! subjects ( ! re/ ( ! pa9t+s1 & c\ld inde$ be expla9$ away z a decorative figure1 creat$1 to be sure1 by an imag9ation inflam$ ) t]ror4 ,b 9 ! ?ird room ( ! same tomb1 ! pictures ( :i* belong to ! transition f ! fif? to ! f\r? c5tury1 a simil> demon ( ! ne!r _w is already repres5t$ 9 action 7fig4 #cf74 ,! inscription gives 8 "n1 ,tu*ul*a2 he has asses' e>s1 two snakes re> !mselves l horns above 8 br[1 & ) a huge snake he ?reat5s a long-hair$ y\? :o sits sorr[ful on ! rock1 ) a himation r\nd 8 lo9s2 8 "n1 accord+ to ! inscription1 is #8,^!'4 ,he is ! ,greek ,!seus1 & ! "y man opposite to him is ,piri?\s2 ! motive is _! suff]+s 9 ! ,und]world1 :]e !y _h v5tur$ d[n 9 ord] to abduct ,p]sephone4 ,b !re broods ov] ! sc5e a s9i/] _s :i* is n ,greek4 ,?us we see beh9d ! rock on :i* ,!seus is seat$ a loa?some snake ) w+$ head1 & ! rema9s ( a blue demon ) /aff & *iton1 a k9sman ( ,tu*ul*a4 ,! appe>ance1 to ! left ( ?is weird phantasmagoria1 ( ! peaceful sidebo>d ) its f9e metal b[ls#ajj & ) a h&some nak$ slave z cup-be>] 9 front ( x1 has und5iably a some:at odd effect4 ,?is is a rem9isc5ce ( ! old joy\s symposium sc5es1 & a rem>kable witness to ! lack ( cle>ness 9 ! ,etruscan m9d & to ! fragm5t>y "* ( ,etruscan pictorial art4 ,a simil> mixture ( ev]yday life & my? w\ld be inconceivable 9 ,egyptian or 9 ,greek art4 ,simil>ly1 9 ! ,tomba ,gol9i1 we see ! side-table & ! slave 9 imm$iate cont9uation ( ! picture repres5t+ ! two en?ron$ rul]s ( ! ,und]world--,hades & ,p]sephone 7inscriptions3 ,eita & ,ph]sipnai74 ,hades has a wolf-helmet & a snake-sceptre & is c>ess+ ,p]sephone1 :o has a bird-cr[n$ sceptre 9 h] left h&1 & re/s h] "r h& on ! knee ( ,hades 7see above fig4 #cb74 ,h] dress1 h] face1 & h] yell[ hair "u ! gold5 diadem are all spl5didly pa9t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf4 ,,picture ,,9 ,,! ,,tomba ,,dell' ,,orco ,,at ,,corneto ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg4 ,,hades1 ,,p]sephone ,,& ,,g]yon ,,9 ,,! ,,tomba ,,dell' ,,orco ,9 lat] ,etruscan pa9t+s we come ^u two new gr\ps ( motives--fanta/ic pictures ( ! ,und]world1 & sc5es f ,greek my?ology4 ,sometimes !y m+le z 9 ! ,!seus & ,piri?\s sc5e & 9 ! pictures ( ,hades & ,p]sephone4 ,hades & ,p]sephone recur 9 a pa9t+ 9 ! ?ird *amb] ( ! ,tomba dell' ,orco 7inscription3 ,aita & ,ph]sipnei71 :]e weird mi/s roll ab\t !m1 & a figure ) ?ree heads1 ,g]un1 is /&+ be=e _! ?rone 7fig4 #cg74 ,x is ! ,g]yon ( ! ,greeks1 b he is n ! c[h]d on ! f>-di/ant isl& ,ery?ra1 b a w>rior 9 complete arm\r :o seems to be receiv+ ! comm&s ( ,hades4 ,evid5tly ! ,etruscans h made him ! s]vant & *ampion ( ,hades4 ,p]sephone has snakes 9 h] hair & a curi\s coll> :i* we meet aga9 on ! *itons ( wom5 9 :ite ,attic leky?oi ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c4#aja ,hades we>s ! traditional wolf-helmet4 ,x is rem>kable t a head exactly simil> to t ( ,hades is f\nd among ,mi*elangelo's sket*es 7fig4 #ch71 :i* seems to indicate t ,mi*elangelo some:]e 9 ,tuscany saw & sket*$ an old ,etruscan tomb4 ,to be sure1 ! sn\t ( ! animal rem9ds "o ( a pig's1 b ! long e>s & ! fur are ^? ( ! wolf4 ,sid5ote3 ,,tomba ,,dell' ,,orco ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ch4 ,head ( man surm\nt$ by t ( a pig4 ,9 ! o!r pa9t+s ( ! ,tomba dell' ,orco we meet fur!rmore ) ,agamemnon 9 ! und]world1 & 9 front ( him ,tiresias 7,h9?ial ,t]iasals x reads1 i4 e4 ! %ade ( ,tiresias74 ,b 9 ! second *amb] ( ?is tomb1 dat+ f ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c41 !re is also a sc5e f ,greek my?ology :i* has no?+ to d ) dea? & ! und]world2 ,odysseus bl9d+ ! ,cyclops ,polyphemus 7inscriptions3 ,u?u/e & ,cuclu74 ,we c "h speak ( a r5aissance1 9 s f> z a sc5e f a ,greek my? =m$ ! subject ( ! big picture ( ! beg9n+ ( ! six? c5tury 9 ! ,tomba dei ,tori 7cp4 fig4 #b74 ,b ! aim ( ! lat] s*ool ( ,etruscan pa9t]s is n s mu* to adorn ! tomb ) a beautiful decorative panel aft] "s ,greek prototype2 on ! contr>y1 !y turn to ! ,greek my?s = ! sake ( _! subjects & pick out motives :i* also give expression to ! curi\s /ra9 ( cruelty inh]5t 9 ! ,etruscan m9d4 ,?is is se5 mo/ cle>ly 9 ! fam\s picture f ! ,franois tomb at ,vulci1 discov]$ 9 #aheg by ! ,italian pa9t] ,aless&ro ,franois4 ,! ,ny ,c>lsb]g ,glyptotek possesses a facsimile1 execut$ by ! pa9t] ,m>iani aft] ! orig9al 9 ! ,palazzo ,torlonia1 :i!r ! ,pr9ce ,torlonia _h x remov$ toge!r ) o!r wall-pa9t+s f ! same tomb3 b ! copy is too smoo? to be tru/wor?y4 ,un=tunately1 p]mission to obta9 ano!r copy f ! inaccessible ,palazzo is c]ta9ly n to be _h4 ,! picture 7fig4 #ci7 repres5ts ! sacrifice ( ,trojan captives on ! grave ( ,patroclus4 ,a*illes 7,etruscan ,a*le7 slaught]s ) 8 own h&s ! captur$ ,trojans 7,etruscan ,truials72 ,ajax1 son ( ,oileus 7,aivas ,vilatas71 & ,ajax1 son ( ,telamon 7,aivas ,tlamunus7 /& by1 ,agamemnon 7,a*memrun7 is also pres5t1 & ! %ade ( ,patroclus1 ?ir/+ = ! blood 7,h9?ial ,patrucles71 z well z two truly ,etruscan figures1 a female w+$ g5ius ( dea?1 ,van?1 & ! ,etruscan dea?-god1 ,*>un1 col\r$ l ! blue-bottle fly1 ) hamm] uplift$4 ,sid5ote3 ,,tomba ,,fran,,ois ,sid5ote3 ,,etruscan ,,cruelty ,?is subject 0 *os5 = ! sake ( ! slaught]4#ajb ,sex & cruelty are1 to use a *emical expression1 ! #8basic gr\p' ( ! ,etruscan m9d4 ,?us ! same subject is f\nd repeat$ly on ,etruscan s>cophagi & vases1 & 9 ! relief on a c9]>y urn1 & may be comp>$ ) ! mo/ common & popul> repres5tation 9 ,etruscan reliefs3 ,eteocles & ,polynices kill+ ea* o!r4 ,ev5 a motive l ,ajax fall+ on 8 own sword con/antly recurs 9 ,etruscan art1 z well z ! b>b>\s subject1 mas*alismos 7maim+ ( sla9 enemies71 :i* is especially common on ,etruscan gems4#ajc ,a *>act]i/ic feature ( ! picture 9 ! ,franois tomb is ! deep w\nds 9 ! legs ( ! ,trojan captives2 !y are meant to prev5t attempts to escape & 7 evid5tly 9 keep+ ) ,etruscan cu/om4 ,= /ress is laid on ! cruelty ( ! ,etruscans t[>ds prison]s ( w> by ,greek z well z by ,lat9 au?ors2 ?us1 z e>ly z ! fif? c5tury1 ! inhabitants ( ,ca]e1 aft] a sea victory1 /on$ to dea? _! ,phocaean captives#ajd2 & yet ,/rabo writes ( ! ,ca]etans t !y 7 highly respect$ = _! brav]y & love ( ju/ice1 & because1 p[]ful z !y 71 !y refra9$ f piracy4 ,! ,romans knew bett] :5 !y p]sonifi$ ,etruscan cruelty 9 ,mez5tius1 ,k+ ( ,ca]e1 :o _h liv+ & dead ti$ toge!r to rot side by side2 nor did ! ,romans ev] =get t ! inhabitants ( ,t>qu9ii once slaught]$ ?ree hundr$ & sev5 ,roman captives1#aje & !y took bloody rev5ge on !m4 ,! ,greeks also knew ( ! massacr+ ( prison]s ( w>1 b !y always *]i%$ scruples ab\t x & felt qualms1 z :5 ,!mi/ocles 0 compell$ to pay a tribute ( sla9 captives to #8,dionysius1 ! eat] ( raw fle%'4#ajf ,be=e we leave ! ,franois tomb we mu/ rem9d ! read] ( ! exi/5ce ( a rem>kable s]ies ( pictures ) subjects tak5 f ! conflicts betwe5 ,etruria & ,rome 9 ! "t ( ! ,roman k+s4#ajg ,,footnotes3 #ajj ,cp4 = ! well-appo9t$ table ,plautus's description ( a lib]al ho/ 7,m5ae*mi #ajb73 #8tantas /ruices conc9nat pat9>ias4' #aja ,wal!r ,riezl]1 ,weissgrndige attis*e ,leky!n1 pl4 #gj4 #ajb ,x is to be obs]v$ t ! ,etruscans ?ru/ ) ! sword2 ?is also ! ,romans inh]it$2 :]eas ! ,gauls cut & ! ,ib]ians ?ru/ z well z cut4 ,polybius ii4 #cc4 #f1 & iii4 #aad4 #ajc ,cp4 ,beazley1 ,lewes ,h\se ,collection ( ,gems1 p4 #ch1 #gd f4 #ajd ,h]odotus i4 #afg4 #aje ,livy vii4 #ae4 #aj2 #ai4 #c4 #ajf ,plut>*1 ,!mi/ocles #ac4 #ajg ,krte1 ,jahrbu* des ar*ol4 ,in/it4 xii4 #ahig1 p4 #eh ff4 ,,xvii ,sid5ote3 ,,*>un ,,& ,,! ,,lasas ,! demons ( ! ,und]world :o figure 9 ! ,etruscan pa9t+s are almo/ all s9i/]4 ,! devils br&i%+ tor*es & snakes1 famili> bo? f ! pa9t+s & f ! reliefs on ! c9]>y urns1 rem9d "o ( ,livy's#ajh description ( ! fight ( ! ,t>qu9ians & ! ,faliscans aga9/ ! ,romans 9 #ced ,b4,c41 :5 a troop ( ,etruscan prie/s1 arm$ ) flam+ tor*es & live snakes1 ?rew !mselves 9 ec/atic fury on ! ,roman armies1 :o receiv$ !m undaunt$ly & won ! day4 ,*>un1 also1 is a common figure on ! ,etruscan s>cophagi & c9]>y urns ( ! f\r? & foll[+ c5turies1 sugge/+ by 8 col\r ! demon ( putrefaction1 ,eurynomus1 :om ,polygnotus _h pa9t$1 9 8 great picture ( ! ,und]world 9 ! ,les*e ( ! ,cnidians at ,delphi1 seat$ sn>l+ on ! sk9 ( a c>rion-vulture1 8 fle% ! col\r ( a blue-bottle fly4#aji ,*>un1 !re=e1 is n id5tical ) ! old f]ryman1 ,*>on1 ( ! ,greeks2 he is ! mess5g] ( dea?1 ! t]rible fet*] ( s\ls1 l ,*>os 9 ! popul> ,greek belief ( our own day4 ,only ! #8,*>on door' ( ! ,greek !atre indicates ! exi/5ce ( simil> popul> ideas among ! anci5t ,greeks4 ,! w+$ ,van? 9 ! ,franois tomb seems to be "o ( ! b5evol5t demons ( ! und]world1 ! ,lasas4 ,su* a "o also appe>s 9 a door panel 9 ! ,tomba ,gol9i1 already frequ5tly cit$3 "h %e has w+s1 snakes 9 h] girdle1 & a scroll 9 h] h& 7fig4 #dj74 ,%e is evid5tly ei!r receiv+ or escort+ ! dead1 a "y man 9 a mantle1 :o /&s 9 a biga ) runn+ horses2 9 ! inscription above him ! ^w ,l>? c easily be read1 prov+ t he is n a pr(essional *>iote]1 b a "y man ( high /&+4 ,8 arrival 9 ! und]world is greet$ by a trumpet]1 pa9t$ ov] ! door4 ,we may notice "h t ! #8,tyrrh5ian trumpet' 0 fam\s f> & wide & 0 ev5 introduc$ into ,greece2 x is m5tion$ sev]al times 9 ,greek trag$ies4#aaj ,! curv$ trumpet "h se5 is also depict$ on a wall 9 ! ,tomba degli ,scudi at ,corneto &1 l ! curv$ /aff ( ! augurs1 0 adopt$ by ! ,romans1 :o designat$ bo? ( !m by ! "n ( lituus2 ,cic]o ma9ta9s t ! lituus-trumpet 0 ! e>li] ( ! two & gave its =m & "n to ! lituus-/aff1 ! badge ( ! augurs4 ,! introduction ( ! lituus-/aff 0 attribut$ to ,romulus1 & 8 sacr$ /aff 0 said to h be5 r$iscov]$ by a miracle 9 ! "t ( ,camillus4#aaa ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci4 ,,wall-,,pa9t+ ,,f ,,! ,,tomba ,,fran,,ois ,,at ,,vulci ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj4 ,,pa9t+ ,,9 ,,! ,,tomba ,,gol9i ,,at ,,orvieto ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4 ,,pa9t+ ,,f ,,! ,,tomba ,,della ,,pulcella ,! scroll 9 ! h& ( ! female demon1 ref]r$ to above1 presumably conta9$ an acc\nt ( ! good actions ( ! dead1 to be us$ :5 he pres5t$ himself be=e ! ?rone ( ,hades4 ,! good g5ius h]self is se5 at "w 9 a small panel ( ! ,tomba degli ,scudi1 :]e %e is scrat*+ an inscription on a tablet 7cp4 fig4 #bg71 :ile ano!r holds a tor* upside d[n4 ,bo? ^! figures are repeat$ 9 ! reliefs ( ! ,etruscan c9]>y urns & pass directly into ! pla/ic art ( ,roman s>cophagi z two allegorical figures3 ,fama1 :o writes ! m]its ( ! dead on a tablet1 & ! g5ius ( ,dea? ) tor* inv]t$4 ,sid5ote3 ,,c]emony ,,( ,,! ,,c]eclo? ,a c\ple ( fly+ g5ii appe> already 9 ! ,tomba della ,pulcella1 :i* belongs to ! fir/ half ( ! fif? c5tury1 9 ! po9t$ p$im5t above ! recess 9 :i* ! a%es ( ! dead 7 deposit$4 ,!y c>ry betwe5 !m a clo? :i* !y seem to be lay+ d[n1 probably ! c]eclo? = ! dead 7fig4 #da74aab ,p]haps ?is also expla9s ! my/]i\s sc5e1 figur$ on two tomb alt>s f ,*iusi1 "o ( :i* is 9 ! ,b>racco ,collection 7fig4 #db71 ! o!r 9 ! ,ny ,c>lsb]g ,glyptotek 7,catalogue ,no4 ,h4 #gf74 ,! motives ( ! reliefs on ^! lime/one alt>s f ,*iusi & on ! c9]>y urns f ! same t[n1 all dat+ f ! six? c5tury1 are tak5 f ! fun]al1 l ! subjects 9 ! contempor>y tomb-pa9t+s1 & repres5t ! lam5t ( m5 & wom5 ov] ! dead on ! bi]1 ! burial fea/ & ! prep>ations = x1 & ! wild danc+-sc5es at ! fun]al4 ,x may ?us be t ! sc5e on ! relief illu/rat$1 :i* seems to give a picture ( ! wom5's qu>t]s1 repres5ts ! wom5 ( ! h\se 9 ! act ( scrut9iz+ & *oos+ ! c]eclo? = ! deceas$2 mean:ile1 ! h\se 0 probably drap$ ) clo?1 & ! dwell]s ( ! h\se put on m\rn+4 ,presumably ! m\rn+ col\r ( ! ,etruscans 0 :ite1 l t ( ! ,romans at a lat] date2 :5 9 m\rn+1 ! wom5 ( ,rome1 to ! wond] ( ,plut>*1 assum$ :ite dresses & :ite headge>1 at ! same "t loos5+ _! hair4#aac ,! hair fl[+ d[n ^u ! %\ld]s is also frequ5tly se5 9 reliefs on c9]>y urns4 ,b !re is /ill some?+ my/]i\s 9 ?is motive1 & an exam9ation ( ! mutilat$ a% urn 9 ! ,museum ( ,*iusi 7fig4 #dc7 does n make x any cle>]4 ,?is urn has hi!rto be5 expla9$ z repres5t+ a m>riage sc5e4 ,b z ! opposite side ( ! urn repres5ts sc5es at ! door ( ! tomb1 x is m natural to int]pret ?is relief also z a dea? sc5e2 ! flute-play] & ! two m5 ) laurel bran*es we "k f ! fun]al c]emonies 7cp4 p4 #ai71 & ! curi\s sc5e to ! "r1 :]e two m5 draw a fr+$ clo? l a balda*9 ov] a veil$ c5tre figure1 ea* ( ^: arms is held by two side figures 7probably a man & a woman71 might !n be conjectur$ to repres5t a sort ( symbolic int]m5t :]e ! dead is plac$ 9 a sitt+ po/ure1 support$ by ! family1 in/ead ( ! normal po/ure1 full l5g? on ! bi]4 ,x is to be hop$ t future inve/igation may ?r[ "s light on ?is po9t1 & may also deal ) ! "q :e!r ! (t-recurr+ motive on ! ,roman s>cophagi ( two g5ii hold+ a clo? 7p>apetasma7 betwe5 !m1 z a backgr\nd ei!r = a sc5e or = ! portrait ( ! deceas$ 7fig4 #dd71 c be trac$ to ,etruscan prototypes or n4 ,hi!rto1 we h probably be5 too "o-sid$ 9 attribut+ ! types & symbols ( ! pla/ic art ( ,roman s>cophagi to ,greek pictures1 & ! inve/igation ( ! %>e ( ,etruria !re9 w\ld be a f9e subject = a monograph4 ,,footnotes3 #ajh ,livy vii4 #ag4 #c-e4 ,cp4 iv4 #cc4 #b4 #aji ,pausanias x4 #bh4 #g-h4 #aaj ,sophocles1 ,ajax #ag4 ,aes*ylus1 ,eum5ides #efg4 ,euripides1 ,rhesus #ihh4 #aaa ,cic]o1 ,de div9atione i4 #cj4 ,plut>*1 ,camillus #cb4 #aab ,an ,etruscan gem %[s ! dead ,ajax & a w+$ g5ius 9 ! act ( plac+ ! c]eclo? ov] him4 ,beazley1 ,! ,lewes ,h\se ,collection ( ,anci5t ,gems1 p4 #cd41 no4 #cg4 #aac ,plut>*1 ,aetia romana #bf & #ad4 ,,xviii ,sid5ote3 ,,etruscan ,,demons ,sid5ote3 ,,tomba ,,del ,,tifone ,b ! b5evol5t g5ii & ,lasas are absolutely 9 ! m9ority 9 ! pa9t+s & pla/ic art ( ,etruria1 & become r>] z "t goes on4 ,! mood rises f s9i/] gloom to wild t]ror4 ,two pictures w illu/rate ?is climax4 ,9 ! ,tomba del ,tifone at ,corneto1 :i* 0 discov]$ 9 #ahcb & :i* is "o ( ! gr&e/ ( ! family vaults ( ,etruria1 !re is pres]v$1 besides ! s]p5t-legg$ demons f :i* ! tomb has d]iv$ its "n1 a l>ge wall-pa9t+ repres5t+ ! j\rney ( a "y man to ! realm ( ! dead 7fig4 #de74 ,to ! left is se5 an alt> t[>ds :i* ! procession ( mantle-clad y\?s moves2 !y are l$ by a "y demon ) snakes 9 8 hair1 & a tor* & a snake 9 8 h&s4 ,! procession advances to ! s\nd ( a lituus-trumpet1 & ! "y m5 c>ry /aves & seem to be ! cli5ts ( ! c5tral figure4 ,! c5tral figure is made conspicu\s by walk+ )\t any attributes 9 ! c5tre ( ! procession "r 9 ! front1 b ov] 8 "r %\ld] we see ,*>un's clawlike h&1 & ,*>un advances beh9d him l a black %ad[1 *>act]iz$ by po9t$ asses' e>s1 snakes 9 8 hair1 & 8 t]rible hamm]4 ,! high rank ( ! "y man is made app>5t by ! inscription ov] 8 head3 #8,l>is ,pumpus ,arn?al clan ce*ase1' i4 e4 ,l>is ,pumpus1 son ( ,arn?1 prie/ 7sac]dos74 ,"h1 !n1 we h ano!r ( ! prie/ly ari/ocrats ( ,etruria4 ,aft] him come two m companions ) /affs1 & a trumpet]1#aad z well z two "y m5 )\t any attributes1 & ! sc5e is t]m9at$ by "s dim figures1 "o ( :i* seems to be a woman ) a snake 9 h] hair & ano!r to be ( negroid type2 possibly ^! are ! rul]s ( ! und]world accord+ to a lat] local ,etruscan conception4 ,"o ?+1 at any rate1 is pla91 t ! dead y\?1 9 spite ( 8 spl5did foll[+1 goes to meet a sorr[ful fate4 ,:at c ! s\nd ( ! in/rum5ts avail :5 ,*>un's claw is laid on 8 %\ld]6 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4 ,,relief ,,on ,a ,,tomb ,,alt> ,,f ,,*iusi ,9 ! ,b>racco ,collection 9 ,rome ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc4 ,,c9]>y ,,urn ,,f ,,*iusi ,sid5ote3 ,,tomba ,,del ,,c>d9ale ,?is tomb dates1 z f> z c be judg$ by ! /yle ( ! pa9t+1 f ! fir/ half ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c4#aae ,f ! beg9n+ ( ! next c5tury dates ! ,tomba del ,c>d9ale at ,corneto1 :i* 0 discov]$ %ortly aft] #agfj1aaf !n =gott5 & fill$ 9 aga91 & f9ally reop5$ 9 #aghfaag by ,c>d9al ,g>ambi1 bi%op ( ,corneto4 ,x has suff]$ mu* by exposure to w9d & wea!r & to t\ri/s = m ?an a hundr$ & fifty ye>s4 ,x has a n>r[ frieze ) battle sc5es1 d\btless my?ological1 b ! int]e/ is c5tr$ 9 ! long n>r[ frieze ( pictures "u ! ceil+4 ,! subject ( ?is is ! m>* ( ! %ades t[>ds ! o!r side 7fig4 #df74 ,a woman is drawn on a two-:eel$ c>t by two w+$ demons1 "o light & ! o!r blue-black1 bo? we>+ ! traditional g>b ( ! g5ii ( dea?1 famili> f ! contempor>y s>cophagi & c9]>y urns3 a %irt ) braces1 & high top boots4 ,?is is p]haps ! "y woman :o is m5tion$ 9 ! inscription ( ! tomb3 #8,ram?a1 daught] ( ,vel & ,ve/rcni1 :o 0 wife 7puia7 ( ,l>? ,l>?a1 & :o liv$ 7valce in/ead ( svalce7 n9ete5 ye>s4' ,a "y man foll[s 9 a long cloak3 he turns r\nd to a black1 w+$ demon c>ry+ a hamm] 7fig4 #dg74 ,beyond ! gateway ( ! und]world beh9d him a devil ( ! same type is seat$1 & !n comes a cr[d ( "y p driv5 along by two devils1 "o ( :om ?reat5s !m ) 8 hamm]4#aah ,a woman1 :o looks back moan+1 is be+ brutally dragg$ along by two male demons1 & at ! end ( ! procession two w+$ devils are se5 ha/5+ =w>d1 sl5d] ( limb & agile ( movem5t1 l poison\s insects4 ,9 a fragm5t ( a frieze1 :i* is n[ badly damag$1 ! ,*>un devil 0 once m se5 9 ! act ( cru%+ a skull ) 8 hamm]4#aai ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd4 ,,roman ,,s>cophagus ,,9 ,,! ,,ny ,,c>lsb]g ,,glyptotek ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg4 ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,frieze ,,9 ,,! ,,tomba ,,del ,,c>d9ale ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df4 ,,pa9t$ ,,frieze ,,9 ,,! ,,tomba ,,del ,,c>d9ale ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de4 ,,procession ,,( ,,! ,,dead ,,9 ,,! ,,tomba ,,del ,,tifone ,sid5ote3 ,,conception ,,( ,,! ,,h]eaft] ,?is picture has a quality :i* rem9ds "o ( ! frescoes 9 ! ,campo ,santo at ,pisa1 b :i* is mu* m t]rible because no hope ( p>adise atones = ! horror4 ,! reliefs on contempor>y c9]>y urns tell ! same tale4 ,to be sure1 ! dead recl9es fat & f9ely b$eck$ on ! lid ( ^! c9]>y urns1 hold+ a dr9k+-b[l1 or1 if female1 a fan4 ,?is is only tradition & has no?+ to d ) actual feel+4 ,x is cle> en\gh t ! old confid5t conception ( ! h]eaft] z an et]nal symposium has be5 explod$4 ,to ?is ! reliefs on ! urns be> witness4 ,^! reliefs1 if !y d n directly evade ! problem by *oos+ neutral sc5es f ,greek my?ology1 reveal a demoniac possession ( appall+ int5sity4 ,we ne$ no lit]ature 9 ord] to realize t ! ,etruscans "u ! pressure ( disa/] became ano!r p1 pessimi/ic1 9 t]ror ( dea?1 & devoid ( any resili5cy :i* w\ld all[ !m to indulge 9 ! pleasures ( life4 ,if ?is spiritual incubus desc5d$ ^u ! masses ( ! ,roman p we c bett] und]/& h[ x is t ! poet ,lucretius c feel en?usiasm1 & c ar\se x 9 o!rs1 :5 he prea*es ! gospel ( godlessness & ! annihilation ( ! s\l 9 dea?4#abj ,= ( ! ,etruscan p1 at any rate1 ! words ( ,lucretius#aba hold good3 ,omnia p]functus vitai praemia m>ces4 ,all t life _h to give1 ?\ ha/ enjoy$1 ,& n[ ?\ fade/4 ,,footnotes3 #aad ,trumpets at ,roman fun]al processions are kn[n f reliefs on s>cophagi4 ,rm4 ,mitt4 xxxiii4 #aijh1 pl4 iv 7pp4 #ah-be71 & ,cagnat & ,*abot1 ,manuel d',ar*ol4 ,roma9e1 p4 #ehf1 fig4 #cae4 ,notice 9 ! second relief f ,amit]num1 ,rm4 ,mitt4 #aijh1 pl4 iv1 at ! bottom1 h[ ! banquet ) ! memb]s ( ! family recl9+ on fe/ive c\*es is also pres]v$ 9 e>ly ,rome 7second to fir/ c5tury ,b4,c474 #aae ,contempor>y & ak9 9 subject is ! ,tomba ,brus*i at ,corneto4 ,monum5ti1 viii1 pl4 #cf4 ,/ryk1 ,kamm]grb]1 p4 #aja4 ,! processions "h h q a fe/ive look2 a woman f9ds "t to look at h]self 9 a glass1 b ! devils1 :o appe> 9 ! cr[ds or lurk 9 ! corn]s1 %[ t ! occasion is a s]i\s "o4 #aaf ,caylus1 ,recueil d'antiquits iv4 7,p>is1 #agfa71 #aab f4 #aag ,tirabos*i1 ,/oria della lett4 ital41 ,v5ezia1 #agie1 i4 #ac ff4 footnote4 #aah ,simil> motives on tomb/ones & ,etruscan gems4 ,cp4 ,gr5i]1 ,bologna villanovi5ne et trusque1 p4 #ddg4 ,ducati1 ,monum5ti dei ,l9cei xx4 pp4 #fjg-ab4 ,beazley1 ,lewes ,h\se ,collection ( ,anci5t ,gems1 p4 #cc1 no4 #cf 7pl4 #c74 #aai ,badly illu/rat$ 9 ,+hirami1 ,monum5ti etrus*i iv4 pl4 xxvii4 #abj ,de r]um natura iii4 #iab ff4 #aba iii4 #ief4 ,,index ,! 99 indicates t ! citation is 9 ! notes4 ,a ,a*illes1 #i1 #eb4 ,acrobats1 #bh4 ,aes*ylus1 #ai991 #ed994 ,agamemnon1 #ea1 #eb4 ,ajax1 #eb4 ,alt>s1 #ee4 ,amphi!atres1 #be4 ,apollodorus1 #cf994 ,apollonius ,rhodius1 #bg994 ,appian1 #ae4 ,ari/ophanes1 #bf4 ,ari/otle1 #ae1 #bi991 #cc1 #dd4 ,a!naeus1 #ac1 #ae991 #cc991 #cd991 #cg994 ,attic influ5ce1 #bj1 #bb4 ,auguri1 ,tomba degli1 #aj f41 #da4 ,augu/us1 #dh4 ,b ,bac*anti1 ,tomba dei1 #cf4 ,ball]9a1 la bella1 #c1 #ag4 ,ballot-balls1 #cb4 ,b>one1 ,tomba del1 #a1 #b1 #bj f41 #bi4 ,b>racco ,collection1 #ee4 ,bells1 #ag1 #cg4 ,bighe1 ,tomba delle1 #a1 #b1 #bb ff41 #bh ff41 #df4 ,black vessels1 #bc994 ,bol/]s1 #cj4 ,box]s1 see ,pugili/s4 ,brass circles1 #h4 ,briti% ,museum1 #ad1 #dd4 ,brus*i1 ,tomba1 #eg994 ,c ,caccia1 ,tomba della1 #dc4 ,ca]e1 #h1 #eb f4 ,ca]etan hydriae1 #aj4 ,cakes1 #ce1 #dj4 ,cam]on1 ,m>y ,lovett1 #c4 ,campana1 ,tomba1 #g f4 ,campania1 #ac f41 #bh1 #dd4 ,c&elabra1 c&les1 #ci4 ,c>d9ale1 ,tomba del1 #eh f4 ,casucc9i1 ,tomba1 #bf1 #bi994 ,cato1 #cb1 #ce1 #dj1 #dd4 ,catullus1 #dh994 ,c]eclo?1 #ee f4 ,*aplets1 #ag1 #bj1 #cg1 #db4 ,*>iot race1 #bc4 ,*>un1 #g1 #ad1 #eb ff41 #eg ff4 ,*iusi1 #e1 #h1 #bf1 #bi991 #ch1 #dd1 #ee4 ,cic]o1 #aa991 #bf991 #bg1 #ce1 #dh991 #ed4 ,cli5ts1 #df4 ,clo?1 #ee f4 ,clusium1 see ,*iusi4 ,cop5hag51 see ,ny ,c>lsb]g ,glyptotek4 ,corneto1 #a-b & passim4 ,corts51 #ac991 #af991 #cd1 #ch994 ,cosa1 #h4 ,c\*es1 #cj1 #da f4 ,crete1 #h1 #bi4 ,critias1 #ch4 ,cyprus1 #h991 #bc1 #bi4 ,cyr5e1 #i4 ,d ,danc]s1 #af ff41 #ai1 #bb1 #bf1 #bi1 #cf4 ,danielsson1 #aj994 ,da/i1 #c994 ,deac9>e1 #cb4 ,demons1 #di ff41 #ec ff41 #ef ff4 ,d5nis1 #c1 #dj4 ,diodorus1 #dh994 ,dionysius ( ,halic>nassus1 #aa991 #ae1 #af991 #bc1 #bf1 #cc991 #dd991 #de991 #df994 ,dispat]1 #ac4 ,door1 pa9t$1 #aa1 #ae4 ,dromon1 #cg4 ,e ,eggs1 #ca1 #ch1 #db4 ,egypt #i f41 #bj1 #ca1 #ch1 #da1 #db4 ,eque/rian procession1 #ac1 #ae f41 #bc1 #bd4 ,eteocles & ,polynices1 #eb4 ,etruria1 #dc ff4 & passim4 ,euphronius1 #bd4 ,euripides1 #ed994 ,eu?ymides1 #bd4 ,ex]cises1 prep>atory1 #bg f4 ,f ,fama1 #ee4 ,fesc5n9es1 #ah4 ,flam9icae1 #bc4 ,flute-play]s1 #ae1 #af1 #bb1 #bf1 #ce1 #dj1 #ef4 ,foot/ools1 #da4 ,franois1 ,tomba1 #c1 #ea ff4 ,g ,gauls1 #dg4 ,g]yon1 #ej4 ,giu/9iani1 ,tomba ,francesca1 #c4 ,gladiators1 #ac4 ,goe!1 #b4 ,gold5 vessels1 #ch4 ,gol9i1 ,tomba1 #cg ff41 #dj f41 #db1 #ej1 #ed4 ,gregoriano1 ,museo1 #e1 #ag4 ,h ,hades1 #ej4 ,helbig1 #e1 #f4 ,h]mes1 #bh4 ,h]odotus1 #eb994 ,hesy*ius1 #af4 ,heta]ae1 #cb ff4 ,hi]on1 #dd4 ,hittites1 #bc4 ,horses1 #af4 ,hunt+ leop>ds1 #ca1 #ch4 ,hypo?ymis1 #cg4 ,i ,iliad1 #ac1 #bi994 ,india1 #ca4 ,inscriptions1 #aj1 #aa1 #ae1 #ba1 #cd1 #ce1 #ch f41 #dg f41 #ej f41 #eg1 #eh4 ,ionian /yle1 #i1 #aj f4 ,isaeus1 #cc4 ,iscrizioni1 ,tomba delle1 #a1 #b1 #ad ff41 #ai ff41 #da4 ,isocrates1 #ac994 ,j ,jacobs51 ,c>l1 #e1 #ag4 ,juv5al1 #bc991 #ca994 ,k ,ke/n]1 #a1 #ad1 #bj1 #bh4 ,kit*5-sc5es1 #dj f4 ,knead+1 #dj f4 ,krte1 #c1 #i1 #ba1 #ec994 ,kyme1 #dd f4 ,l ,lani/a1 #ac4 ,l>?1 #ci1 #ed4 ,lasas1 #ed f4 ,lasso+ ( ! horse1 #bd4 ,laurels1 #ai f41 #cb1 #ef4 ,lecti/]nia1 #cd1 #db4 ,lecy?i1 #ea4 ,leonesse1 ,tomba delle1 #c1 #ai1 #ca4 ,leop>di1 ,tomba dei1 #cj f4 ,les*e1 #ec f4 ,letto funebre1 ,tomba del1 #da f4 ,lituus1 #ed1 #eg4 ,livy1 #h1 #ae991 #af991 #ah1 #bc991 #bf991 #ce991 #dd991 #df991 #dg1 #ec4 ,lucretius1 #ei4 ,ludii1 ludiones1 #ah4 ,lysias1 #ah994 ,m ,magliano1 #h4 ,m>?a1 ,jules1 #c1 #bc994 ,m$ical lore1 #ai4 ,melian vases1 #g f4 ,mez5tius1 #ec4 ,mi*elangelo1 #ea4 ,milani1 #f1 #bf4 ,m9ium1 #ah4 ,mor5te1 ,tomba del1 #bd1 #dj4 ,morto1 ,tomba del1 #af1 #da4 ,mll]-,deecke1 #bc991 #dh994 ,n ,nak$ pages1 #cc4 ,nicocles1 #ac4 ,ny ,c>lsb]g ,glyptotek1 #e & passim4 ,o ,odrysians1 #ai4 ,odysseus1 #ea4 ,olympic ,games1 #be4 ,orco1 ,tomba dell'1 #cf1 #di ff4 ,orfeo e d',eurydice1 ,tomba d'1 #cg994 ,orvieto1 #cg4 ,p ,palae/ra1 sc5es ( !1 #bh f4 ,p>apetasma1 #ef4 ,p>!non1 #be4 ,patroclus1 #eb4 ,pausanias1 #ed994 ,p]sephone1 #ej4 ,p]sius1 #db4 ,p]sona1 #ac994 ,ph]su1 #ab4 ,philo*orus1 #dc994 ,pho5icians1 #aj1 #bg4 ,p9d>1 #dd4 ,plautus1 #ah991 #cj1 #cb1 #cf1 #da991 #dg1 #ej994 ,plut>*1 #ae991 #ah991 #dg991 #ec991 #ed991 #ee4 ,polybius1 #dd991 #ei994 ,polygnotus1 #ec f4 ,pompae1 #ae f4 ,pors5na1 #ci1 #dd1 #de4 ,prie/hood1 #ce1 #eg4 ,pr9ia1 #h994 ,prison]s ( w>1 #eb f4 ,prop]tius1 #dh4 ,prylis1 #bi4 ,pugili/s1 #ae1 #bg1 #bh4 ,pulcella1 ,tomba della1 #c1 #ch1 #ee4 ,pulc9ella1 ,tomba del1 #ab f4 ,pyrrhi*e1 #bi4 ,q ,qu]ciola1 ,tomba1 #cf1 #dc4 ,r ,ras5as1 #ci4 ,recl9+ at table1 #cd1 #cf1 #eg994 ,rid+ sideways1 #bg4 ,r+s1 #cb4 ,rome1 #de f4 & passim4 ,rumpf1 ,&reas1 #g f4 ,ru%=?1 #ci994 ,ruva1 #ch994 ,s ,salii1 #ah4 ,samnites1 #dg4 ,sappho #bc991 #cg994 ,s>cophagi1 #ad1 #cd1 #ec1 #ee f41 #eg994 ,s*ulze1 ,wilh41 #ci991 #de1 #df994 ,scimmia1 ,tomba della1 #be f41 #bi1 #de4 ,scudi1 ,tomba degli1 #cd ff41 #ed4 ,s5eca1 #da994 ,%ields1 #h4 ,skuts*1 #af994 ,slaves1 #da4 ,soo?say]s1 #dh4 ,sophocles1 #dd1 #ed994 ,spectators1 #bd f4 ,/ackelb]g1 #a1 #b1 #ad1 #bj1 #bc1 #bd1 #bg1 #bh4 ,/&s1 #bd f4 ,/rabo1 #dc994 ,/ruppus1 #bc994 ,/ryk1 von1 #c f4 ,sun%ade1 #bf4 ,symposia1 #bi ff41 #cg ff41 #db4 ,t ,tacitus1 #bj994 ,tape/ries1 #h f4 ,t>qu9ius1 #de4 ,t>quitius ,priscus1 #dh4 ,te*nique1 #ba4 ,t]tullian1 #ac991 #bc4 ,tev>a?1 #aa4 ,!ophra/us1 #ai991 #cd994 ,!opompus1 #cd994 ,!seus1 #di f4 ,?oms51 ,vilh41 #dj994 ,?ucydides1 #dd994 ,?ul91 #dh994 ,?rm]1 #a1 #bj4 ,?ymiat]ion1 #bf1 #ci4 ,tifone1 ,tomba del1 #ef f4 ,timaeus1 #cc994 ,tiresias1 #ea4 ,tomba1 see ! diff]5t names4 ,tonsilia tappetia1 #cj994 ,tori1 ,tomba dei1 #c1 #i f41 #bj1 #ea4 ,torlonia1 #ea4 ,treasury ( ! ,siphnians1 #be4 ,tricl9io1 ,tomba del1 #af f41 #bj1 #bg1 #ca4 ,tripudium1 #ah4 ,triumphators1 #ah4 ,troilus1 #i4 ,trumpets #ed1 #eg994 ,tu*ul*a1 #di f4 ,tusur?i1 #cd4 ,tutulus1 #bb f41 #db4 ,tyrrh5ians1 #dc4 ,u ,urns1 c9]>y1 #ai1 #cj991 #cd1 #ec1 #ee1 #ef4 ,v ,van?1 #eb1 #ed4 ,v>ro1 #ai1 #da991 #de4 ,vases1 #d1 #bj1 #bb ff4 ,vasi3 ,tomba dei ,v4 ,dip9ti1 #e1 #cf4 ,vec*io1 ,tomba del1 #cg4 ,veii #c1 #g1 #ce1 #dg4 ,virgil1 #dh994 ,vitruvius1 #be4 ,volnius1 #de4 ,vulci1 #c1 #ea4 ,w ,weege1 #b1 #d1 #f1 #g1 #bb ff41 #bg1 #bh1 #ca f41 #cd4 ,wig&1 #bf994 ,wom51 ,etruscan1 #cc4 ,wre/l]s1 #aa1 #ae1 #bh4 ,x ,x5ophanes1 #ai4 ,x5ophon1 #ai4 ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,engl& ,,at ,,! ,,ox=d ,,univ]sity ,,press 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,obvi\s typographical errors h be5 sil5tly correct$4 ,v>iations 9 hyph5ation has be5 /&>dis$ b all o!r spell+ & punctuation rema9s un*ang$4