,,sanitation ,,( ,,m(ussil ,,baza>s ,,by ,g4 ,w4 ,,disney ,,associate1 ,,k+',s ,,college1 ,,london2 ,,memb]1 ,,in/itute1 ,,civil ,,eng9e]s2 ,,fell[ ,,royal ,,sanit>y ,,in/itute2 ,,late ,,sanit>y ,,eng9e] ,,to ,,gov]nm5t1 ,,ea/]n ,,b5gal ,,& ,,assam ,,?ird ,,edition ,,calcutta ,,simla ,,?ack]1 ,,sp9k ,,co #aiad ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,?ack]1 ,,sp9k ,,& ,,co41 ,,calcutta4 ,,?ird ,,edition ,,d$icat$ ,,to ,sir ,lancelot ,h>e1 ,k4,c4,s4,i41 ,c4,i4,e1 ,,late ,,lieut5ant-,,gov]nor ,,( ,,ea/]n ,,b5gal ,,& ,,assam4 ,"u :om ! ,au?or _h ! hon\r ( s]v+ = _m ye>s4 ,,ran*i1 ,! #ag? ,june #aiad4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,preface ,,to ,,?ird ,,edition4 ,! ,second ,edition ( ?is "w be+ n[ out ( pr9t = "s ye>s x has be5 sugge/$ to me t ,i %\ld re-write ! ,manual & br+ x up to date4 ,x does n purport to be a highly te*nical "w1 b w1 ,i tru/1 indicate to ^? requir+ full] in=mation :]e to look = x4 ,two ,*apt]s h be5 add$ on ,road ,mak+ & ,build+ ,con/ruction :i*1 x is hop$1 w make ! book m useful to ^? = :om x is writt54 ,! arrangem5t ( ! ,*apt]s has also be5 alt]$4 ,my ackn[l$gm5ts are aga9 due to _m fri5ds :o h help$ me 9 revis+ ! ,second ,edition ( ?is ,manual4 ,,ran*i1 ,g4 ,w4 ,d4 #ag? ,june #aiad4 ,,introduction4 ,a concise h&book deal+ ) ! mo/ important po9ts ( ! sanitation ( ,indian ,baza>s is mu* ne$$2 ?is is an endeav\r to supply ! want & put ! in=mation available on ! subject 9 a conv5i5t =m1 s z to facilitate ! organization1 & control ! work+ ( ! sanit>y dep>tm5t ( a municipality4 ,x is n )9 ! scope ( ?is "w to allude to l>ge wat]works or dra9age s*emes1 b m]ely to %[ h[ exi/+ arrangem5ts c be improv$4 ,! real secret ( sanitation is ! prompt removal ( fcal matt] & refuse f ! neighb\rhood ( inhabit$ build+s be=e x has "t to decay1 z 9 ! e>ly /ages ( putrefaction emanations are evolv$ :i* are highly dang]\s to heal?2 x is also an admitt$ fact t ! common fly is a consid]able factor 9 dissem9at+ disease1 z x conveys g]ms on ! pads ( its feet f infect$ matt] to ! food-supply ( ! inhabitants4 ,my ?anks are due to _m :o h be5 good en\gh to assi/ me 9 ?is "w1 & especially to ,lieut5ant-,colonel ,:itwell & ,capta9 ,j4 ,c4 ,vaughan ( ! ,indian ,m$ical ,s]vice2 to ,mr4 ,a4 ,e4 ,silk1 ,sanit>y ,eng9e] to ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,b5gal2 & to ,capta9 ,d4 ,meagh]1 ! ,(fic] 9 *>ge ( ! ,gov]nm5t ,f>m at ,allahabad4 ,g4 ,w4 ,d4 ,novemb] #aija4 ,,preface ,,to ,,second ,,edition4 ,! ,fir/ ,edition ( ?is "w 0 fav\rably receiv$ &1 be+ entirely dispos$ ( )9 five mon?s ( its issue1 indicates t a want 0 met4 ,! ,manual has be5 patronis$ by ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india1 ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate = ! ,colonies1 ! ,local ,gov]nm5ts ( ,b5gal1 ,madras1 ,burma1 ,punjab1 ! ,unit$ ,prov9ces ( ,agra & ,oude1 ,assam1 ! ,c5tral ,prov9ces1 ! ,nor?-,we/ ,fronti] ,prov9ces1 ,balu*i/an1 & o!r ,adm9i/rations1 z well z by sev]al ,native ,/ates1 & by ! ,nepal ,durb>4 ,a ,second ,edition ) a good deal ( additional matt] add$1 has !re=e be5 prep>$1 b ?is has be5 call$ = be=e ! ,au?or 0 ready = x1 & e/imat$ results h 9 consequ5ce be5 giv5 9 sev]al in/ances in/ead ( record$ facts4 ,! sci5ce ( sanitation is1 h[ev]1 progress+ s rapidly1 t a good deal ( useful in=mation is available1 & advantage has be5 tak5 ( criticisms to amplify sev]al po9ts4 ,additional in=mation has be5 giv5 on ! ,biological ,sy/em ( ,disposal ( ,sewage1 on ,m>kets1 & ,dra9 ,flu%+ among o!r subjects1 & ,app5dices ,c to ,f h be5 add$4 ,i take ?is opportunity ( aga9 ?ank+ _m :o h assi/$ me1 & = ! g5]\s tone ( ! criticisms 9 ! public press4 ,,muzaff>pur1 ,g4 ,w4 ,,disney4 #ae? ,novemb] #aijb4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page4 ,,introduction v ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,dra9age #a-e ,,ii4 ,,wat]-,,supply #f-ag ,,iii4 ,,road ,,mak+ #ah-ba ,,iv4 ,,build+ ,,con/ruction #bb-bd ,v4 ,,latr9es ,,& ,,ur9als #be-cj ,,vi4 ,,collection ,,& ,,removal ,,( ,,night-,,soil #ca-cf ,,vii4 ,,disposal ,,( ,,night-,,soil ,,& ,,tr5*+ ,,gr\nds #cg-da ,,viii4 ,,collection ,,& ,,disposal ,,( ,,refuse #db-di ,,ix4 ,,biological ,,sy/em ,,= ,,disposal ,,( ,,night-,,soil #ej-ea ,x4 ,,g5]al ,,sanitation #eb-ef ,,app5dix ,a4 ,,model ,,rules1 ,,privies ,,& ,,ur9als #eg-fj ,b4 ,,=m ,,= ,,regulat+ ,,removal ,,( ,,t[n ,,sweep+s #fa ,c4 ,,well ,,regi/] #fb ,d4 ,,model ,,build+ ,,regulations #fc-fg ,e4 ,,table ,,= ,,! ,,repaym5t ,,( ,,loans #fh ,f4 ,,rules ,,= ,,! ,,prep>ation1 ,,submission ,,& ,,execution ,,( ,,projects ,,( ,,wat]-,,supply1 ,,sew]age ,,or ,,dra9age1 ,,by ,,local ,,au?orities #fi-gc ,g4 ,,=m ,,= ,,annual ,,report ,,on ,,bridges ,,& ,,culv]ts #gd ,h4 ,,specification ,,= ,,t>-,,macadam #ge-gg ,,sanitation ,,( ,,m(ussil ,,baza>s4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,surface ,,or ,,/orm-,,wat] ,,dra9age4 ,ow+ to ! fact t e>? = ! con/ruction ( mo/ ( ! huts 9 a baza> has be5 excavat$ f ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! build+s1 x is a matt] ( mu* consid]ation to det]m9e ! mo/ suitable levels ! surface dra9s %\ld />t at1 z x is ( importance t ^! %\ld be z %all[ z circum/ances admit ( 9 ord] t !y may obta9 ! full b5efit ( purification by sun & air4 ,by adopt+ z high a level z possible at ! head ( ! dra9 x enables bett] gradi5ts1 or falls1 to be giv5 :i* aids mu* 9 self-cleans+4 ,! greate/ c>e %\ld be tak5 n to lose1 or wa/e :at little fall !re is 9 ! pla9s1 z ?is is simply invaluable4 ,deep dra9s rapidly become f\l at ! sides & bottom1 are difficult to flu% ow+ to ! quantity ( wat] requir$ to d s effectively1 & great temptation is also giv5 to adjac5t h\se-hold]s to bridge !m ov] ) wide plat=ms1 ! consequ5ce be+ t1 soon] or lat]1 ! /orm-wat] dra91 design$ z an op5 "o1 & = :i* x may orig9ally h be5 m or less suitable1 soon *anges its "*1 & becomes a badly design$ sew]1 :i* imprisons & conc5trates noxi\s effluvia4 ,:5 a dra9 runs b5ea? a road1 provision %\ld be made = a "p ( x be+ easily uncov]$ to admit ( exam9ation & clean+4 ,all dra9s %\ld op5 into o!rs at acute1 & n at "r angles1 & mu/ jo9 at top to top1 & n at base level2 :]e necess>y ! diff]5ce ( level c be made up by falls4 ,sid5ote3 ,surface dra9age ( small roads4 ,! surface dra9age ( small roads & pa?s 9 a baza> is be/ provid$ = by ! con/ruction ( a c5tral dra9 d[n ! middle1 to :i* ! gr\nd is made to slightly slope f ea* side2 ?is prev5ts ! accumulation ( fil? 9 ! s-call$ side dra9s1 :i* are g5]ally m]ely long pits2 &1 provid$ a slight fall be giv51 !y are self-clean+ at e %[] ( ra94 ,9 pa?s or gullies a small concrete sauc] dra9 c be con/ruct$1 at a co/ n exce$+ f\r annas a l9eal foot1 into :i* ! h\se connections c be made1--! pa?s be+ pav$ ) bricks1 set flat1 n co/+ m ?an ,rs4 #b-h p] #ajj squ>e feet4 ,^! %\ld be laid at a good slope to ! dra91 & z only foot traffic ne$ be provid$ =1 is amply /rong en\gh4 ,9 _m cases x w be f\nd t adjac5t h\se-hold]s are q will+ to pay = ?is "w1 :5 once a comm5cem5t is made1 & ! advantage is obvi\s to !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,kut*a roadside dra9s4 ,9 kut*a roadside dra9s c>e mu/ be tak5 t1 9 ! process ( clean+1 :i* g5]ally consi/s 9 ! removal ( ! b$1 !y d n 9 "t become p]man5t roadside tr5*es )\t fall2 x is mu* bett] to h no dra9s at all ?an ?is2 m]e depressions :i*1 :5 dry1 c be swept1 & :i* w be wa%$ clean aft] a heavy %[] ( ra91 are mu* pref]able4 ,! prop] b$-level ( a kut*a dra9 %\ld be p]man5tly m>k$ by wood5 pegs driv5 well into ! e>?1 & built into a masonry pill>1 #a foot #aj in*es squ>e1 or by masonry pr(iles1 at int]vals ( #ajj feet ap>t2 ?is %[s at once if ! b$-level or section has be5 unduly l[]$ dur+ ! process ( clean+ out4 ,sid5ote3 ,flu%+4 ,:5 design+ a dra9age sy/em = a t[n x is ess5tial t provision = flu%+ be made at ! same "t1 o!rwise ! dra9s become receptacles = fil? = ab\t two-?irds ( ! ye>4 ,?is c be arrang$ by ! con/ruction ( flu%+ tanks1 :i*1 :5 full automatically dis*>ge into ! dra9s1 by wat] ma9s laid und]gr\nd dis*>g+ into ! head or summits ( ! dra9s2 & also by ! dra9s be+ divid$ up into conv5i5t sections by /ops or sluices1 :i* are lift$ automatically1 or by manual lab\r1 :5 ! section is full ( wat]1 ?us ensur+ an effective flu%4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,,automatic ,,flu%+ ,,tank ,a type design ( an automatic flu%+ tank is %[n 9 ,fig4 #a4 ,^! co/ ab\t ,rs4 #ajj ea* complete1 ! syphon pipe alone repres5t+ "s ,rs4 #cj4 ,:]e suffici5t head is n unavailable = ?is type1 ,adams' ,pat5t ,adamic ,flu%] may be suitable4 ,^! co/ ab\t ,rs4 #gj = a #d pipe size1 & works ) a head ( #aj in*es4 ,:]e sullage wat] is dis*>g$ into /orm-wat] dra9s ?is %\ld be treat$ 9 sullage filt]s at conv5i5t int]vals4 ,see ,fig4 #ah1 page #cf4 ,sid5ote3 ,masonry dra9s4 ,! mo/ suitable =m = surface dra9s is ! semi-circul> base1 ) side slopes ( #a to #bd1 z ! dis*>ge is only slightly less ?an t ( ! ovoid section1 & ! dra9s are m easy to con/ruct4 ,!y c be easily swept clean1 or run ?r\gh ) a wood5 bo>d made to fit ! section1 & pu%$ along by a boy4 ,! ,dacca type rectangul> dra91 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #b1 page #e1 is v suitable = n>r[ lanes4 ,! dim5sions c be alt]$ to suit local conditions4 ,mu* useful in=mation z to ! prep>ation ( dra9age projects1 & tables ( dis*>ges ( diff]5t sections1 w be f\nd 9 ,practical ,in/ructions 9 ,surface ,dra9age1 by ,mr4 ,h4 ,a4 ,gubbay1 ,executive ,eng9e]1 ,public ,works ,dep>tm5t1 publi%$ by ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,b5gal4 ,9 mo/ cases1 :5 design+ a sy/em ( dra9age1 x is advisable m]ely to take ! g5]al surface level ( ! baza> z ! level to be dra9$1 leav+ artificially caus$ depressions to be fill$ up ) ! dbris ( old build+s1 & any available suitable mat]ial z opportunity occurs4 ,x is also g5]ally unnecess>y to provide = a v heavy ra9fall4 ,! usual provision 9 ?is "p ( ,india is = a run (f due to an in* ( ra9fall p] h\r f d5sely built ov]1 & ? ( an in* f suburban areas4 ,x is m sci5tific to design ! dra9s ) ref]5ce to ! possible flu%+ p[] & facilities available1 r ?an t ( ! maximum ra9fall4 ,! importance ( prop] dra9age1 especially 9 connection ) *eck+ ! spread ( mal>ial fev] by anopheles mosquitoes has1 ow+ to rec5t rese>*es1 be5 fully recognis$4 ,^! are f\nd to bre$ mo/ ext5sively 9 ! e>?-l9$ dra9s alongside /reets4 ,:]e brick-l9$1 ! curr5t %\ld be /rong en\gh to wa% away ! l>v1 b x is q o!rwise on ! num]\s kut*a ones 9 e baza>4 ,x is also ess5tial1 9 ,b5gal1 to make use ( ! p[]s conf]r$ by ! ,municipal ,act 7,section #aie7 to compel own]s to fill up small depressions :i*1 dur+ ! ra9s1 =m ext5sive & num]\s bre$+-gr\nds4 ,e attempt %\ld be made ea* ye> to brick-l9e a section ( ! roadside dra9s z money is available1 :]e funds d n admit ( mu* be+ done4 ,grass & we$s 9 ! e>!n dra9s mu/ be cle>$ out at regul> int]vals dur+ ! ra9s1 & ! (t5] ! bett]4 ,mosquitoes ( ! culex tribe _c also be disreg>d$1 z ^! h be5 prov$ to convey elephantiasis & o!r diseases1 & /egomyia1 :i* ab\nd 9 ,l[] ,b5gal1 are ! ho/s ( yell[ fev]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,,cross ,,section ,,( ,,/reet ,,side ,,dra94 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,wat]-,,supply ,,f ,,wells ,,& ,,tanks4 ,sid5ote3 ,regi/]+ wells4 ,sid5ote3 ,clean+ & repair+ wells4 ,9 ord] to obta9 a comp>atively pure wat]-supply1 "u circum/ances exi/5t 9 mo/ baza>s1 x is ess5tial t ! spill wat] f wells be l$ away by prop]ly con/ruct$ dra9s beyond :at is kn[n z ! cone ( filtration2 ?is may be describ$ z a circle drawn r\nd ! m\? ( ! well1 ! radius be+ equal to ! dep? ( x4 ,ow+ to ,indian cu/oms1 !re is always a consid]able quantity ( spill wat] 9 ! vic9ity ( a well1 & ?is1 :5 prop] plat=ms & dra9s are n con/ruct$1 f9ds its way back1 aft] contam9ation1 by ! l9e ( lea/ resi/ance1 ei!r d[n ! sides ( ! masonry l9+1 or by cracks & fissures 9 ! gr\nd4 ,= wat] supplies f wells & tanks ! ma9 object is to prev5t any wat] once drawn out1 aga91 aft] probable contam9ation1 fl[+ back into ! s\rce ( supply4 ,arrangem5ts %\ld be made = regi/]+ e well 9 a municipality :]e ?is has n already be5 done1 & = tak+ ov]1 or clos+ all ^? ! own]s refuse1 or fail to put 9 a prop] sanit>y /ate4 ,9 ,b5gal ?is c be en=c$ "u section #bjj ( ! ,b5gal ,municipal ,act 7#ahid74 ,a copy ( ! map ( a w>d %[+ ! position ( all wells & tanks !re9 is giv5 9 ,fig4 #c4 ,! ,well ,regi/]1 :i* %\ld be correct$ ye>ly1 is giv5 9 ,app5dix ,c1 page #fb4 ,x is impossible 9 mo/ cases1 ow+ to l>ge numb]s1 = a ,municipality to take ov]1 repair1 & cons]ve all ! wells 79 ! t[n ( ,muzaff>pur1 !re 7 #gah wells7 b mu* good c be done by acquir+ a c]ta9 numb] ( ! mo/ useful un[n$ ones1 & mak+ ! own]s ( o!rs1 :5 9 a position to d s1 put & ma9ta9 !m 9 a sanit>y /ate4 ,:5 new wells are sunk1 ! own] mu/ be made to con/ruct !m accord+ to a /&>d design4 ,fig4 #d %[s an inexp5sive & good =m ( op5 well1 top1 & plat=m4 ,f ! exp]i5ce ( t5 ye>s 9 ! ,muzaff>pur ,di/rict 7f #ahia to #aija71 :]e wells on ! sides ( ma9 roads 7 s treat$1 ?is is possible4 ,"s #djj wells on #gbe miles ( road 7 tak5 ov] by ! ,di/rict ,bo>d1 put 9 a prop] /ate ( repair1 suitable plat=ms & spill-wat] dra9s con/ruct$1 & arrangem5ts made = annual clean+ out & dis9fect+ ) p]manganate ( pota% dur+ ! hot wea!r mon?s4 ,^! 7 ev5tually greatly appreciat$1 &1 :]eas 9 ! fir/ in/ance difficulties 7 exp]i5c$ 9 gett+ hold ( suitable ones1 x 0 ( late ye>s necess>y to make c>eful selections f ! applications receiv$4 ,9 addition to ?is1 ! own]s ( num]\s ones1 on :om notice 0 s]v$ t if !y did n put !m 9 a sanit>y condition1 !y w\ld be tak5 ov] & repair$ by ! ,di/rict ,bo>d1 elect$ to d ! "w on ! prescrib$ l9es at _! own exp5se4 ,x is a notable fact t *ol]a :5 preval5t 9 villages close by1 frequ5tly is n f\nd 9 ^? :]e ^! wells are situat$4 ,?is organization is be+ ext5d$ to villages :i* h an especially bad sanit>y record4 ,= easy ref]5ce ! ,in/ructions = ,repair+1 ,clean+ & ,dis9fect+ ,wells are quot$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,muzaff>pur ,,municipality ,,w>d ,n #aa ,,fig4 #c4 ,repair+4 #a4 ,! gr\nd r\nd a well mu/ fir/ be excavat$ to a dep? ( at lea/ #e feet bel[ surface level1 & = a wid? ( #e feet r\nd ! well & seal$ ) puddl$ clay1 ! well l9+ be+ fir/ rebuilt f ?is level :]e necess>y1 & cont9u$ up = a height ( #b feet #f in*es above gr\nd-level2 ! top ( ! well mu/ be slop$ (f to prev5t vessels be+ plac$ on x1 & consequ5t spla%+ gett+ back into ! well4 ,a prop]ly made plat=m re/+ on suitable f\ndations1 mu/ be built r\nd ! well at #a foot above at its highe/ po9t1 & slop+ (f to gr\nd-level at its l[e/1 ) a ridge r\nd x to prev5t spill-wat] dra9+ away indiscrim9ately & an op5+ at its l[e/ po9t1 lead+ into a pucca dra91 con/ruct$ ) a suitable fall1 & cont9u$ until natural dra9age is rea*$1 or outside ! cone ( filtration1 s z to prev5t any wat] lodg+ 9 ! vic9ity ( ! well4 #b4 ,a clos$-9 top prev5ts du/1 :i* may convey pa?og5ic g]ms1 ga9+ access to ! wat]4 ,clean+4 #c4 ,wells %\ld be dewat]$1 & clean$ out at lea/ once e ye>4 ,! sides mu/ be scrap$1 & all mud1 brok5 e>!n vessels1 etc41 remov$2 quicklime mu/ !n be appli$ to ! sides & bottom ( ! wells4 #d4 ,! only suitable "t to clean out wells is dur+ ! hot wea!r z ! wat] 9 !m is !n at its l[e/ level4 #e4 ,all wells mu/ be clean$ out d[n to ! well-curb or 8,jamot40 ,dis9fect+4 #f4 ,p]manganate ( potassium is a cry/all9e salt-l sub/ance ( a purple col\r1 9 ! prep>ation ( :i* only m9]al sub/ances are employ$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,well ,top ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 #g4 ,put "o or two ounces ( ! solid sub/ance into a dol1 or bucket1 :i* has be5 fill$ ) wat] drawn f ! well ab\t to be treat$4 ,/ir x up1 & p\r ! r$ solution ?us produc$ into ! well1 leav+ ! portion ( p]manganate t is n yet dissolv$ at ! bottom ( ! dol4 ,l[] ! dol into ! well1 fill x ) wat]1 draw x up1 p\r back ! wat] z be=e1 & repeat ! process till all ! p]manganate has be5 dissolv$4 ,9 all cases en\gh p]manganate %\ld be add$ to produce a fa9t r$ col\r la/+ = #bd h\rs4 #h4 ,if ! wat] 9 ! well is bad1 m p]manganate w be necess>y4 ,9 su* a case x w be f\nd t ! /rong r$ col\r at fir/ produc$ quickly *anges to br[n1 & !n fades away4 ,?is is because ! p]manganate de/roys dirt & is de/roy$ by x4 ,!re=e1 if ! wat] 9 ! well is clean1 a small] quantity ( p]manganate w be necess>y4 ,f "o to f\r ounces ( p]manganate w be f\nd to be en\gh = ord9>y wells4 ,if m p]manganate is add$ ?an is en\gh to produce a fa9t p]man5t r$ col\r1 x is likely t frogs1 t may be 9 ! well1 w be kill$4 ,?is w1 9 a few days1 give ! wat] a putrid ta/e4 ,if ! quantity ( p]manganate is n en\gh to produce a fa9t p]man5t r$ col\r1 x is unlikely to d good4 ,if possible1 ! p]manganate %\ld be add$ at night1 9 ord] to leave ! wells undi/urb$ z long z possible4 ,! wat] w be fit to dr9k on ! foll[+ morn+4 ,if !n a r$ col\r is /ill pres5t1 ! wat] may h an unpleasant ta/e1 b x is p]fectly h>mless4 ,figure #d is an illu/ration ( ! late/ patt]n ( well adopt$4 ,sid5ote3 ,new ,wells4 ,:5 a new well is propos$1 & local conditions are suitable1 a safe =m is t design$ by ,dr4 ,cam]on ( ,wigton1 ,n4 ,b4 ,?is arrangem5t is %[n 9 ,fig4 #e4 ,! well %\ld be 9 ! c5tre ( a res]v$ area ( at lea/ #bj y>ds 9 diamet]1 & ! lead pipe lead+ f x to ! pump mu/ be fitt$ by brass screw jo9+s4 ,?is is a suitable design = ! vic9ity ( cut*]ries1 :]e an op5 space = a res]v$ area is g5]ally available4 ,ano!r excell5t design = a new well1 & "o m g5]ally suitable1 is %[n 9 ,fig4 #f4 ,?is prev5ts any dang] ( ! wat] be+ contam9at$ by dirty vessels be+ l[]$ into x = ! purpose ( draw+ wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,sid5ote3 ,tube ,wells4 ,tube wells answ] admirably 9 _m localities2 x is1 h[ev]1 always ess5tial to h a bore hole made fir/ to det]m9e ! /ratum :i* has to be tapp$1 z ! po9t ( ! tube may be easily driv5 ?r\gh ?is4 ,an improv$ =m ( pump is %[n 9 ,fig4 #g2 ?is obviates ! dang] ( impure wat] be+ put 9 ! m\? ( ! pit*] sp\t pump 9 ord] to make x draw4 ,! great advantage ( tube wells is t !y enable a /ratum1 und]ly+ t ( imp]meable /iff clay :i* exi/s 9 _m cases1 to be tapp$1 ?us avoid+ ! dang] ( contam9ation by subsoil wat]4 ,! supply f a tube well is1 h[ev]1 limit$ 9 quantity4 ,:]e wells are f\nd$ on a clay /ratum _! effici5cy c g5]ally be l>gely increas$ at a trifl+ co/1 by driv+ a pipe l9$ bor+ d[n until wat]-borne s& is met4 ,great c>e mu/1 h[ev]1 be tak5 t1 :5 ! bor+ is go+ on1 ?is /ratum be n pass$ ?r\gh1 & con/ant te/s ( ! dis*>ge obta9$ at ! v>i\s dep?s are !re=e necess>y4 ,sid5ote3 ,wat] draw+ ut5sils4 ,9 all cases x is advisable ei!r to provide a pump on a public well1 or iron buckets ) light *a9s & wood5 pullies1 s t private wat] draw+ vessels be n l[]$ into ! wat]4 ,! pump %\ld be fix$ on ! plat=m surr\nd+ ! well1 & n on ! top4 ,a light corrugat$ iron ro( ov] ! m\? ( a well is also useful 9 prev5t+ leaves1 & o!r impurities fall+ 91 & also 9 af=d+ %elt] to ! wat]-draw]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plan ,,( ,,dome ,,= ,,well ,,fig4 #h4 ,an effective & economical well cov] design$ = ,ran*i is %[n 9 ,fig4 #h1 page #aa4 ,?is1 = a #h diamet] well1 co/s ab\t ,rs4 #ij4 ,sid5ote3 ,tanks4 ,a l>ge proportion ( ! wat]-supply ( a ,municipality is usually tak5 f tanks1 into mo/ ( :i* ! dra9age wat] f ! neighb\r+ vic9ity is wa%$ dur+ ! ra9y season4 ,?is c be prev5t$ by rais+ ! banks4 ,! sullage wat] ( a baza> is indescribably fil?y1 & if 9-dra9age is prev5t$ ! tanks w fill up by p]colation z ! level ( ! subsoil wat] rises--a bad en\gh s\rce ( supply1 b inf9itely pur] ?an ! surface wat] comb9$ ) fil? f a cr[d$ area4 ,! excavation ( new tanks 9 a ,municipality %\ld be disc\rag$ z mu* z possible1 & att5tion paid to cons]v+ ! exi/+ ones4 ,small pumps & masonry plat=ms = wa%+ purposes dra9+ away f ! tanks w improve matt]s4 ,9 ! late ,mr4 ,a4 ,e4 ,silk's book on 8,municipal ,eng9e]+ 9 ,b5gal0 ! foll[+ classification ( comp>ative purity ( wat]-supply is adopt$3-- #a4 ,deep spr+ wat]4 #b4 ,subt]ranean or deep well wat]4 #c4 ,upl& surface wat]4 #d4 ,subsoil wat]4 7,if di/ant f any collection ( h\ses74 #e4 ,l& spr+s4 #f4 ,riv] wat]4 #g4 ,surface wat] f cultivat$ l&4 #h4 ,subsoil wat] "u villages or t[ns4 ,surface wat] f a baza> is classifi$ z sullage4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,:]e tanks are us$ z a s\rce ( dr9k+ wat]-supply1 !y %\ld be prop]ly f5c$ & cons]v$1 & ! wat] drawn by a pump4 ,rec5t rese>*es h prov$ t pollut$ wat]1 if /or$ 9 a tank or res]voir :]e x c be pres]v$ f subsequ5t contam9ation1 rapidly becomes pure4 ,! ,type plan1 approv$ by ! ,sanit>y ,bo>d ( ,beh> & ,orissa1 is %[n 9 ,fig4 #i1 page #ac4 ,?is = an exi/+ tank ( #ajj y>ds squ>e area is e/imat$ to co/ ,rs4 #b1gjj4 ,! pumps1 provid$ 9 duplicate1 are ,kite d\ble action patt]n & co/ ab\t ,rs4 #dbe ea*4 ,! f5c+ provid$ is ! ,ideal ,wov5 wire f5ce1 #aj /r&s1 #dh high1 & c be fix$ at ab\t #ab annas p] y>d4 ,ano!r & a *eap] me?od is %[n 9 ,fig4 #aj1 page #ae4 ,"h ! tank is completely f5c$ 9 ) ! exception ( an entrance to a plat=m :i* ext5ds t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! tank f :i* ! wat] c be drawn by h&4 ,model rules = cle>+ out & re-excavat+ tanks are z foll[s3-- ,sid5ote3 ,excavation4 #a4 ,tanks %\ld be cle>$ out & re-excavat$ dur+ ! dry wea!r mon?s :5 ! level ( ! subsoil wat] is at its l[e/4 ,"w %\ld be comm5c$ 9 ,janu>y or ,febru>y & complet$ be=e ! middle ( ,may1 b ^! dates mu/ dep5d m or less on ! locality1 z 9 "s p>ts ( ! ,prov9ce ! preval5ce ( heavy ?und]/orms 9 ,may might make x advisable to complete ! "w be=e !n4 #b4 ,! re-excavation1 until wat]-level is rea*$1 %\ld be c>ri$ out 9 regul> lay]s ( #a foot 9 dep?1 an (fset ( #a foot be+ left on ! bank side = ea* lay]4 ,?is1 :5 dress$ (f1 w give a regul> side slope ( #a to #a to ! tank4 ,:5 wat]-level is rea*$1 if x be consid]$ necess>y to excavate bel[ ?is1 & if pump+ ma*9]y to dewat] ! tank is unavailable1 ! area mu/ be divid$ up into comp>tm5ts ( suitable size1 sep>at$ by bunds1 "o1 or m ( :i*1 c be dewat]$ by bail+ into ! adjac5t ones1 :5 ! excavation c be cont9u$ to ! requir$ dep?1 ! o!r comp>tm5ts be+ simil>ly treat$ 9 turn4 ,illu/ration3 ,,type ,,design ,,= ,,f5c+ ,,9 ,,tanks ,,fig4 #aj4 ,sid5ote3 ,disposal ( ,spoil4 #c4 ,! spoil f ! excavations %\ld be plac$ on ! outside ( ! embankm5t =m$ r\nd ! tank :5 orig9ally made1 & %\ld be deposit$ 9 su* a position to preclude1 z f> z possible1 its be+ wa%$ back aga9 by ra9 wat]4 ,sid5ote3 ,dress+ & ,turf+4 ,! cre/ ( ! embankm5t %\ld be dress$ (f to a slope ( #a 9 #ab away f ! tank1 ) side slopes on ! outside ( #b to #a4 ,?is w prev5t direct contam9ation ( ! tank by spill wat] f ! cre/1 :]e p]sons or c>ts1 may h encamp$4 ,all slopes %\ld be neatly dress$ (f2 all ^? above highe/ wat]-level be+ turf$ dur+ ! comm5cem5t ( ! ensu+ ra9y season4 ,?is is v important z x prev5ts ! *ance ( a consid]able quantity ( ! excavat$ e>? be+ wa%$ back into ! tank4 ,wat]-supply = ,municipal & ,rural areas is a subject :i* is1 at ! pres5t day1 receiv+ mu* att5tion4 ,x is be+ enc\rag$ by contributions f ,gov]nm5t & f ,local ,au?orities1 by gifts f weal?y ,indian g5tlem51 & by loans f ,gov]nm5t r$eemable 9 a fix$ p]iod4 ,= rules = ! prep>ation ( projects 9 ! ,prov9ce ( ,beh> & ,orissa see ,app5dix ,f1 page #fi1 & = ! table ( in/alm5ts = ! repaym5t ( loans1 ,app5dix ,e1 page #fh4 ,! comp>ative dea?-rate f ,*ol]a & ,inte/9al diseases 9 ,municipalities :i* possess a pipe wat]-supply1 & ^? )\t1 ne$ only be glanc$ at to prove ! vital importance ( a pure wat]-supply1 & ev5 ^! figures d n adequately indicate ! true position1 z fur!r loss ( life due to wat]-borne diseases1 _c be trac$ out f ! /ati/ics publi%$4 ,major ,s4 ,a4 ,h>ris1 ,i4,m4,s41 ,sanit>y ,commission]1 ,unit$ ,prov9ces1 9 8 pap] on ! effect ( a pipe wat]-supply on ! r$uction ( ,*ol]a 9 urban areas1 read at ! ,second ,all-,india ,sanit>y ,conf]5ce at ,madras1 9 ,novemb] #aiab1 quotes ! r$uction ( dea?-rate p] mille be=e & aft] ! provision ( a pipe wat]-supply = ! foll[+ places3-- ,be=e4 ,aft]4 ,dehra ,dun #ajai #bbe ,me]ut #gdi #cjb ,na9i ,tl #ajai #bhf & /at$ t ! numb] ( ye>s 9 :i* ! ,*ol]a dea?-rate rose above #a p] mille is se5 to h be5 r$uc$ by ! filt]$ wat]-supply to ab\t 9 ,dehra ,dun1 ,me]ut1 ,b5>es1 ,luckn[ & ,na9i ,tl4 ,! co/ ( ,wat] ,works mu/ v>y consid]ably accord+ to local conditions4 ,:]e ! supply is d]iv$ f a s\rce n liable to contam9ation1 f spr+ wells1 tube wells & infiltration gall]ies1 :]e subsequ5t filtration is unnecess>y1 ! capital exp5diture may v>y f ,rs4 #c p] head = a tube well1 ,rs4 #d-h f an infiltration gall]y supply1 su* z ,congeev]am 7,madras71 to ,rs4 #aj & ov] = a filt]$ wat]-supply d]iv$ f a riv]4 ,! co/ ( ! di/ribution sy/em mu/ necess>ily v>y accord+ to its size1 & ! d5sity ( population 9 ! area s]v$1 b ?is1 "u normal circum/ances1 may be assum$ at #ej p] c5t4 ( t ( ! ,wat] ,works4 ,z ea* ,prov9ce 9 ,india has a ,sanit>y ,eng9e]1 & z ! subject ( ! prep>ation ( a ,wat] ,works project is a highly te*nical "o1 x is beyond ! scope ( ?is "w to g fur!r ?an to impress its importance4 ,any effici5t ,wat] ,works />t$ means a l>ge sav+ ( human life & ( mu* mis]y4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,road ,,mak+4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important po9ts t[>ds obta9+ a good metall$ road is to ensure a prop] f\ndation = ! metal to be consolidat$ on1 & to see t ! sides are well conf9$ or ti$ 94 ,:]e bricks are us$ = ?is f\ndation !y %\ld be :ole ones1 n bats1 be tightly pack$ toge!r & !n ramm$ ) a wood5 ramm]4 ,! edg+ %\ld consi/ ( bricks-on-end well back$ up ) e>? on ! out1 or b]m side4 ,! same applies :]e /one is us$ = ! sol+4 ,^! mu/ h flat surfaces1 be ( fair size1 & be well h&-pack$ toge!r & ramm$4 ,x is n mu* use do+ metall+ "w on a rais$ road until ! embankm5t has at lea/ #b ra9s ov] x to prop]ly consolidate x4 ,?is equally applies to ! approa*es to bridges on a kut*a road :]e ! metall$ portion %\ld be ext5d$ to a l5g? ( at lea/ #aj feet beyond ! toe ( ! approa* slope4 ,sid5ote3 ,/one ,metal4 ,9 mo/ municipalities x is f9ancially impossible to ?or\ghly repair all ! roads ea* ye>1 nor is x necess>y to d s1 if ! "w has be5 prop]ly done4 ,a sy/em ( bi5nial or tri5nial repairs %\ld !re=e be evolv$4 ,a diagram %[+ h[ ?is c be arrang$ is %[n 9 ,fig4 #aa1 page #ai4 ,9 ! selection ( /one metal x is ( great importance to see t /one ( equal grade & h>dness is us$1 & t surface1 or wea!r$ rock1 is n mix$ up ) ! h>d] mat]ial ly+ und]nea? x 9 ! qu>ries4 ,! /one %\ld be brok5 to ! size t ! l>ge/ piece %all pass freely ?r\gh a #a diamet] r+4 ,:5 repair+ exi/+ metall$ roads x is ess5tial t all old metal be pick$ up1 & any r\nd$1 or traffic-worn portions re-brok51 z x is impossible to ensure good consolidation unless ! edges & corn]s ( ! /one metal be %>p4 ,consolidation %\ld be done by a heavy roll]4 ,a /eam roll] = pref]5ce4 ,! co/ ( a #f-ton /eam roll] is ab\t ,rs4 #f1jjj & ! work+ co/ ab\t ,rs4 #d p] day1 b ?is mu/ necess>ily v>y consid]ably 9 diff]5t localities1 dep5d+ on ! co/ ( fuel & lab\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,diagram ,,fig4 #aa4 ,= ,oil+ ,roads4 ,sid5ote3 ,oil+ ,roads4 ,! roadway mu/ fir/ be swept cle> ( du/ & =eign mat]ial1 :5 ! mixture compos$ ( "o "p ( coal-t> to #bj p>ts ( oil 7liquid fuel71 mix$ cold1 mu/ be spr9kl$ on ?r\gh a wat]+ c>t4 ,m5 ) h>d long h&l$ bru%es foll[ ! c>t1 & bru% ! mixture into ! roadway1 & repeat ?is op]ation = ! second "t 9 ! rev]se direction1 :5 ( a mile has be5 done4 ,! oil+ la/s = ab\t #b mon?s1 & co/s ab\t ,re4 #a p] hundr$ squ>e feet4 ,sid5ote3 ,t>-,macadam4 ,al?\gh t>-,macadam may be some:at ambiti\s = m(ussil municipalities1 an ab/ract ( ! specification = ,mac,cabe's t>-,macadam1 :i* 0 k9dly suppli$ to me by ! ,*ief ,eng9e] ( ! ,calcutta ,corporation1 is ( int]e/1 see specification ,app5dix ,h1 page #ge4 ,! co/ ( a road s laid is ,rs4 #b-b-j p] squ>e y>d1 & al?\gh suffici5t exp]i5ce is n available to pr$ict its life1 "s has be5 d[n = #c ye>s & is /ill good4 ,! mat]ials consi/ ( two p>ts ,pakoor ,/one metal1 ,mac,cabe's pat5t ,bitum9\s b9d] ( ,gas ,co4's ,coal-t>1 & ,/agg br& ,engli% coal-pit*1 9 ! proportion ( #a ( t> to #c ( pit* by weight1 ) /one *ipp+1 & s& z a top b9d]4 ,sid5ote3 ,kunk> ,metal4 ,all kunk> metal requir$ = metall+ or repair "w %\ld be collect$1 scre5$1 & /ack$ by ! middle ( ,may at late/2 scre5+ mu/ be done 9 ! dry wea!r1 o!rwise ! me%es ( ! scre5 soon clog up :5 ! kunk> is damp1 & ! op]ation is m or less a f>ce4 ,a specification = ?is is giv5 bel[3-- 7#a7 ,all kunk> mu/ be wa%$1 clean$1 & scre5$ dur+ ! dry wea!r mon?s2 & mu/ be ( su* quality t1 be+ re-wa%$ & rescre5$ ?r\gh an exp&$ metal scre5 ( me%1 set at an angle ( #de1 %all leave a residue ( #hj p] c5t4 pure kunk>4 ,if kunk> ( a l[] /&>d is /ack$ x mu/ ei!r be reject$1 or ! co/ ( br++ ! metal up to specification1 d$uct$ f ! price paid4 7#b7 ,no kunk> %\ld be measur$ aft] ! #a/ ,june4 ,all kunk> collection mu/ be complet$ by #ae? ,may4 ,sid5ote3 ,brick ,metal4 ,brick metall$ roads are r>ely successful ow+ to ! difficulty ( ensur+ t ! metal is ( equal h>dness ?r\gh\t1 & especially s 9 a dry climate1 z "u heavy traffic ! metal soon we>s into brick du/1 :i* ei!r bl[s away 9 ! dry season 9 ! =m ( du/1 or is wa%$ away 9 ! ra9s2 on no acc\nt %\ld jhama1 or vitrifi$ brick1 & r$ brick metal be mix$1 z _! degree ( h>dness is s diff]5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,morhum ,kut*a ,roads4 ,x is ( great importance t excessive slope be n giv5 9 morhum or kut*a roads1 o!rwise !y w rapidly gutt] dur+ heavy ra94 ,a rise ( #a 9 #ej to ! c5tre ( ! road w g5]ally be f\nd to be ample4 ,sid5ote3 ,/ack+ ,metal4 ,9 ord] to control ! collection ( mat]ial x is ess5tial t all be /ack$ to gauge1 or 9 boxes1 & t ! /acks be ( equal size1 ?us facilitat+ measurem5ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,consolidation ( ,metal4 ,consolidation ( metal mu/ inv>iably be done z soon aft] ! ra9y season sets 9 z possible1 & especially s = kunk>4 ,any heavy ra9fall 9 a wat]-b\nd road aft] ! metal is once laid is invaluable 9 help+ consolidation1 z x fills up all ! int]/ices :i* may be left aft] roll+ or ramm+2 kunk> %\ld be consolidat$ by ramm+ ) heavy wood5 ramm]s1 al?\gh on a new road a roll] w be ( use 9 =c+ ! kunk> 9 betwe5 ! jo9ts ( ! sol+ bricks1 & jamm+ !m into ! e>?1 ?us mak+ a solid f\ndation4 ,a pl5tiful supply ( wat] %\ld be us$ 9 ! process ( consolidation2 ?is is mo/ ess5tial4 ,/one & brick metall+ %\ld be consolidat$ by heavy roll]s1 a m9imum quantity ( surfac+ mat]ial be+ us$4 ,x is ( great importance to keep ! b]ms well made up aga9/ ! metall$ portion ( a road1 o!rwise ! metal w rapidly spread out "u traffic4 ,9 all cases x is ( ! greate/ importance t ! natural aid af=d$ by climatic conditions be utilis$ 9 mak+ roads2 ?is is a subject ! importance ( :i* is frequ5tly ov]look$4 ,:5 ! consolidation ( metal is se5 to be go+ on aft] ! end ( ! ra9s1 unless !re are exceptional circum/ances to ju/ify ?is1 ! (ficial 9 *>ge may be condemn$ at sight z be+ ignorant or incompet5t4 ,long l5g?s ( road %\ld n be tak5 up = repairs at a "t1 z ?is causes mu* inconv5i5ce to traffic4 ,a furlong is ! utt]mo/ limit admissible4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,build+ ,,con/ruction4 ,sid5ote3 ,mat]ials4 ,sid5ote3 ,kunk> ,lime4 ,kunk> lime %\ld be burnt ne> ! site ( works f clean kunk> ) coal or *>coal4 ,:5 ! burnt kunk> is tak5 out ( ! kiln x mu/ n be slak$1 b aft] any cl9k] has be5 remov$1 %\ld be gr\nd f9e en\gh to pass ?r\gh a scre5 ( #djj me%es to ! squ>e in*1 & mu/ be us$ fre%ly gr\nd4 ,x %\ld conta9 ov] #dj p] c5t4 ( ,oxide ( ,calcium4 ,sid5ote3 ,/one ,lime4 ,/one lime %\ld be obta9$ unslak$4 ,be=e be+ us$ x mu/ be slak$ & sift$ ?r\gh a scre5 ( #djj me%es to ! squ>e in*4 ,sid5ote3 ,lime ,mort>4 ,lime mort> to consi/ ( fre% lime mix$ by measure ) s& or soorki 9 "o ( ! foll[+ proportions1 z may be direct$3-- 7a7 #a ,kunk> lime4 #b ,soorki4 7b7 #a ,kunk> lime4 #a ,soorki4 #a ,s&4 7c7 #a ,kunk> lime4 #b ,s&4 7d7 #a ,/one lime4 #b ,soorki4 #b ,s&4 7e7 #a ,/one lime4 #c ,soorki4 #a ,s&4 7f7 #a ,/one lime4 #d ,soorki4 7g7 %\ld n be us$ 9 ! dry season z x sets too quickly4 ,! mat]ials %\ld be spread 9 lay]s n exce$+ #c in*es 9 ?ickness1 & !n incorporat$ 9 a /eam mort> mill1 or byle*uki1 ) suffici5t wat] to make x into a /iff pa/e4 ,mort> :i* has once comm5c$ to set %\ld on no acc\nt be us$ 9 any "w4 ,kunk> or ,hydraulic lime mu/ inv>iably be us$ = wat]works & = wet f\ndations4 ,sid5ote3 ,soorki4 ,soorki mu/ be made f well burnt brick-bats1 & mu/ pass ?r\gh a sieve ( #aaf #aaf me%4 ,fre%ly burnt bats mu/ only be us$4 ,sid5ote3 ,s&4 ,s& mu/ be clean1 %>p1 & free f dirt4 ,sid5ote3 ,khoa4 ,khoa mu/ be brok5 f ?or\ghly burnt bricks to pass ?r\gh a r+ ( #a diamet]4 ,sid5ote3 ,cem5t4 ,portl& cem5t mu/ be ( ! be/ quality ( ,engli% manufacture & comply ) ! /&>d te/s4 ,sid5ote3 ,cem5t ,pla/]4 ,cem5t pla/] to be made ( "o "p ( ,portl& cem5t to two p>ts ( s&1 & mu/ be prop]ly mix$ & appli$ fre%1 ! ?ickness ( ea* lay] to be f9i%$4 ,! surface mu/ be kept cov]$ ) wet bags or /raw = at lea/ ?ree days1 aft] x has be5 complet$4 ,sid5ote3 ,bricks4 ,bricks mu/ be h>d1 well burnt1 s\nd1 true to %ape & size1 & free f flaws & o!r imp]fections1 & to be ( approv$ sample4 ,sid5ote3 ,brick-,"w4 ,bricks mu/ be laid true to l9e & level1 ) jo9ts n exce$+ 9 ?ickness1 & ( approv$ bond4 ,!y mu/ be soak$ 9 wat] = at lea/ f\r h\rs be=e be+ us$4 ,all jo9ts mu/ be rak$ out to a dep? ( 1 :ile ! mort> is fre%4 ,sid5ote3 ,po9t+4 ,all jo9ts to be at lea/ 9 dep?1 & ?or\ghly clean$ out by wat]+ & rubb+ ) a bru%4 ,mort> = po9t+ to be compos$ ( "o "p ( lime & "o "p ( soorki1 gr\nd v f9e 9 a mill1 or /ra9$ ?r\gh co>se clo?4 ,flu% po9t+ to be l9$ (f true horizontally & v]tically ) a /r+1 ! l9es ?us made to be deep5$ by a rule made = ! purpose4 ,sid5ote3 ,culv]ts4 ,! type ( culv]ts adopt$ mu/ be dep5d5t on ! dep? ( ! dra9 bel[ ! surface ( ! road4 ,:]e ar*+ c be done x is pref]able4 ,:]e impracticable1 ! top %\ld be cov]$ ) /one slabs4 ,p>apets %\ld be provid$ ) /one cop+s4 ,all culv]ts on a road or /reet %\ld be numb]$1 & regi/]$ 9 ! =m giv5 9 ,app5dix ,g1 page #gd4 ,! sy/em ( quadr5nial repairs to bridges & culv]ts is an ess5tial t[>ds effici5t adm9i/ration1 & :5 once successfully introduc$1 is economical4 ,9 masonry build+s a damp-pro( c\rse1 :i* may be made ) ei!r asphalte1 or ) a lay] ( ,portl& cem5t #a 9 ?ickness1 laid at ! top ( ! pl9?1 & j above floor-level1 is mo/ desirable 9 ord] to prev5t damp ris+ 9 ! walls1 if = no o!r reason ?an t x prev5ts damage to ! masonry1 & to ! pla/]+1 or po9t+4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,latr9es ,,& ,,ur9als4 ,9 deal+ ) ! sanitation ( a baza>1 ! provision ( sci5tifically design$ latr9es & ur9als is a matt] ( ! greate/ importance4 ,!re are num]\s patt]ns ( ^!1 "s v well arrang$ z reg>ds ! necess>y requirem5ts = effici5t work+1 b _m m n s4 ,! selection ( ! patt]n adopt$ is frequ5tly a m]e matt] ( *ance1 & ! att5tion paid to ! subject by ! ,municipal ,commission]s a m9imum quantity2 badly arrang$ ones are probably j z exp5sive to con/ruct 9 ! fir/ in/ance z good ones1 :i* are mu* m useful4 ,sid5ote3 ,di/ribution ( ,latr9es & ,ur9als4 ,sid5ote3 ,v5tilation4 ,sid5ote3 ,dra9age4 ,a l>ge numb] ( small latr9es & ur9als suitably di/ribut$ are m effective ?an a few l>ge ones1 & are n mu* m co/ly to con/ruct & ma9ta92 !y %\ld n be gr\p$ toge!r1 or plac$ back to back1 z light & air %\ld be all[$ to play on all sides2 = conv5i5ce a small cov]$ annexe may be provid$ = ! c>ts4 ,= v5tilation purposes x mu/ be rememb]$ t1 ow+ to ! friction ( ! air on ! sides1 a numb] ( small op5+s are n ne>ly ( z great value z a l>ge "o ( ! same area4 ,:]e good dra9age is unavailable1 /orm-wat] f ! ro(s %\ld dis*>ge into moveable buckets :i* c be easily empti$1 ?us avoid+ saturation ( ! soil4 ,c>e mu/ h[ev] be tak5 to put ^! 9 places :]e !y _c be misus$4 ,sid5ote3 ,latr9es at ,police ,b>racks & private h\ses4 ,latr9es %\ld be provid$ at all ,police b>racks or out-po/s2 ! prev5tion ( nuisance 9 a ,municipality is "u ! control ( ! local police1 & ! out-po/s are1 9 _m cases1 ei!r unprovid$ ) latr9es1 or h !m ( su* a description t ! m5 are driv5 to commit ! nuisance !y are suppos$ to prev5t4 ,simil>ly1 h\se-own]s %\ld be made to provide suitable arrangem5ts = _! s]vants4 ,sid5ote3 ,bailey's ,pat5t ,latr9es4 ,a good latr9e 9 ! ,indian m>ket is #8,bailey's ,pat5t1' ,fig4 #ab1 page #bg4 ,?is comb9es effici5t v5tilation ( ! latr9e1 ) an arrangem5t ( d\ble trays1 ?us prev5t+ saturation & consequ5t pollution ( ! soil on :i* x /&s4 ,! sup]/ructure is made ( corrugat$ iron /rongly brac$1 & c be made ( any numb] ( comp>tm5ts requir$2 ! pat5t latr9e seat inside is indep5d5t ( ! sup]/ructure1 & c be easily tak5 out & clean$4 ,! seats h[ev] are inconv5i5tly small4 ,!y co/ f ,rs4 #aad = a two-seat to ,rs4 #cbd = an eight-seat "o4 ,sid5ote3 ,donaldson's ,sep>ation ,latr9e4 ,donaldson's ,sep>ation ,latr9e1 9 :i* ! ur9e & solid matt] are kept sep>ate1 is also an excell5t patt]n4 ,sep>ation latr9es are1 h[ev]1 unsuitable :]e x is propos$ to deal ) ! night-soil by bact]iological ag5cy1 & mu/ s]i\sly decrease its manurial value also4 ,x is m]ely a h&y way ( dispos+ ( solid fces4 ,sid5ote3 ,alipore ,patt]n ,latr9e4 ,! ,alipore patt]n latr9e is a good type4 ,/onew>e seats set 9 brick-"w are pref]able to iron ones4 ,septic tank latr9es are v useful "u suitable circum/ances4 ,a design = a #ab-seat$ "o ) a sep>ate flu%+ tank = ea* seat is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ac1 page #bh1 ! e/imat$ co/ be+ ,rs4 #d1ehf1 or ,rs4 #chb p] seat4 ,be=e decid+ on adopt+ a latr9e ( ?is description1 8,sewage ,disposal 9 ! ,tropics10 by ,major ,cleme%a1 ,i4,m4,s41 ,sanit>y ,commission]1 ,b5gal1 %\ld be consult$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bailey',s ,,pat5t ,,latr9es1 ,,) ,,sup]/ructure 8,,/&>d ,,patt]n40 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plan ,,( #ab ,,seat$ ,,septic ,,tank ,,latr9e ,,longitud9al ,,section ,,plan ,,fig4 #ac4 ,sid5ote3 ,masonry ,latr9es4 ,sid5ote3 ,disadvantages ( ,t>r+4 ,:]e masonry latr9es or ur9als are provid$1 ! walls & floor %\ld be smoo? & well poli%$ to all[ ( easy clean+1 & %\ld be :ite or "s light col\r1 s t if !re is dirt1 x c be at once se5 & remov$4 ,9 latr9es = hospitals1 & also 9 public ones :i* are mu* frequ5t$1 x w\ld be an advantage to l9e ! walls to a height ( #c feet1 & also ! floors1 ) glaz$ tiles or bricks4 ,?is w make !m mu* clean] & less =bidd+ look+4 ,x is an obvi\s mi/ake to coat ! l[] "p ( a latr9e wall ) t>1 ! antiseptic value ( :i*1 especially 9 a hot climate1 is soon lo/1 & :i* hides & reta9s dirt 9 its composition4 ,! usual practice is to cov] a dirty latr9e wall ) a fre% lay] ( t>1 ?us pres]v+ an old coat ( fil? & =m+ a fre% b$ = a new "o4 ,9 all latr9es x is ( great importance to h ! re> op5+s ( conv5i5t size = ! effici5t removal ( ! buckets f _! seats on ! level plat=m4 ,sid5ote3 ,ur9als4 ,a c>t ur9al 9 ! vic9ity ( cut*]ries w be f\nd useful4 ,?is is m]ely a receptacle ( conv5i5t size re/+ on a masonry floor & plac$ "u a rais$ & enclos$ plat=m on :i* ! squatt+ plate is fix$2 ! receptacle c be easily remov$ & replac$ by an empty "o2 ! =m is a conv5i5t "o & c be effici5tly v5tilat$4 ,sid5ote3 ,h9du ,pat5t ,ur9al4 ,sid5ote3 ,dis9fectants4 ,bailey's ,pat5t ,ur9al1 ,fig4 #ad1 page #cj1 is v suitable4 ,?is co/s f ,rs4 #dh = a two-seat to ,rs4 #bbb = a six-seat "o4 ,! pat5t ur9al /&s inside ! comp>tm5t & c be tak5 out & clean$ )\t difficulty4 ,= dis9fect+ purposes *lor9at$ lime is v useful4 ,x %\ld h #cc ( free *lor9e1 & mu/ be us$ fre% z x rapidly decomposes4 ,ph5yle is also v useful4 ,sid5ote3 ,r$ ,h& ,m>ks4 ,an +5i\s way ( mak+ ,h9dus face ! "r way1 :5 us+ latr9es1 is to make ! m>k ( an outspread h& 9 r$ on ! wall :i* !y %\ld face1 z no ,h9du w turn 8 back on ?is sign4 ,sid5ote3 ,model ,rules4 ,a set ( model rules = private privies & ur9als is giv5 9 ,app5dix ,a1 page #eg4 ,illu/ration3 8,,h9du0 ,,pat5t ,,ur9al1 ,,) ,,corrugat$ ,,iron ,,sup]/ructure4 ,,fig4 #ad4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,collection ,,& ,,removal ,,( ,,night-,,soil4 ,9 m(ussil t[ns 9 ,b5gal ! night-soil is g5]ally collect$ f public & private latr9es by cons]vancy c>ts drawn by bullocks1 & v>y+ 9 capacity f #fj to #bjj gallons4 ,^!1 z a rule1 beg9 "w e>ly 9 ! morn+ s z to avoid caus+ a nuisance 9 ! ?or\ghf>es1 travel at a v l[ rate ( spe$1 n ov] #b miles an h\r1 & only make "o trip a day1 9 ! majority ( cases1 ow+ to ! di/ance ! tr5*+ gr\nds are away f ! c5tre ( ! t[n4 ,?is means t a l>ge proportion ( ! human excreta rema9s at lea/ #bd h\rs 9 ! receptacles ( ! latr9es 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( d5sely populat$ localities4 ,9 ! temp]ate climate ( ,engl& x is accept$ z an axiom t sewage %\ld nev] be m ?an #bd h\rs 9 f9d+ its way to ! outfall1 z x is1 :5 x has begun to decompose1 m dang]\s ?an :5 fre% & decomposition sets 9 mu* m quickly 9 ! semi-tropical climate ( ,b5gal4 ,9 _m cases ! quantity ( night-soil collect$ p] head p] diem is exce$+ly small2 ! av]age am\nt ( solid matt] evacuat$ by natives may be tak5 at #aj ounces1 & ( ur9e #cj ounces1 :]eas returns f sev]al municipalities %[ a quantity v>y+ f #jdg to #cg ( a gallon remov$ by ! cons]vancy c>ts4 ,^! quantities are1 h[ev]1 calculat$ on ! entire area ( ! municipalities1 includ+ ! suburbs1 :]e1 ow+ to ! cu/om ( ,indians1 ! g>d5s & adjac5t fields dispose ( a l>ge quantity4 ,9 ord] to obta9 reliable results1 ! d5sely cr[d$ areas %\ld be divid$ up into blocks or sections1 keep+ ! figures well sep>at$ 9 ! municipal books1 ! d5sity ( population p] block calculat$ & ! quantity ( night-soil remov$ regi/]$ daily4 ,_m ( ! ,indian baza>s are long n>r[ ones1 situat$ on a high ridge ( gr\nd1 9 :i* case x is desirable to h sev]al tr5*+ gr\nds1 "o = ea* block or gr\p ( blocks1 in/ead ( hav+ "o l>ge "o situat$ at a consid]able di/ance f ! c5tre ( ! t[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4--;,,crawley',s ,,pat5t ,,night-,,soil ,,c>t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4--,,receptacle ,,c>ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,cons]vancy ,c>ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,receptacle ,c>ts4 ,9 ord] to effect ! spe$y removal ( fcal matt]1 ! provision ( suitable cons]vancy c>ts is ( vital importance4 ,fig4 #ae1 page #cb1 is an illu/ration ( ,crawley's ,pat5t ,night-,soil ,c>t1 & is a good "o = g5]al purposes4 ,x is made entirely ( wr\ght iron1 ) an air-tight door = fill+ & empty+2 ! latt] is done by releas+ a clip f ! front ( ! b>rel :i* connects x to ! %afts & op5+ ! lid1 :5 ! b>rel turns on its c5tre & %oots out ! cont5ts4 ,a #ge-;gallon capacity c>t co/s ,rs4 #acj2 a #aaj-;gallon1 ,rs4 #afj2 & a #bjj-;gallon "o ,rs4 #bbe4 ,small c>ts are pref]able to l>ge ones1 z !y take a %ort] "t to fill1 & !re=e t5d to ! m spe$y removal ( night-soil f cr[d$ localities4 ,!y are also m easy to h&le at ! tr5*+ gr\nds4 ,x w sometimes be f\nd advisable to provide receptacle c>ts = remov+ receptacles f latr9es4 ,fig4 #af1 page #cc1 %[s ?is arrangem5t4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 ow+ to _! weight1 & to ! difficulties ( plac+ & remov+ ! receptacles :5 full _c1 except+ "u special conditions1 be recomm5d$ = municipal purposes4 ,!y co/1 includ+ #ab-;gallon receptacles1 ab\t ,rs4 #bge4 ,ea* latr9e mu/ be provid$ ) a receptacle1 into :i* ! buckets are empti$1 ?is be+ plac$ 9 a conv5i5t position at ! back ( ! latr9e2 ! c>t />ts on its r\nds ) six empty receptacles1 visits ! latr9es :]e x picks up ! full ones1 & replaces !m by clean ones4 ,!y are suppli$ 9 #f1 #ab & #bd-;gallon sizes to suit requirem5ts1 & ! arrangem5t avoids ! nuisance ( transf]r+ ! cont5ts to a second ut5sil4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4--,,night-,,soil ,,receptacles ,,& ,,h& ,,trucks4 ,sid5ote3 ,h& ,c>ts4 ,h& c>ts are necess>y 9 ord] to remove night-soil f h\ses built 9 n>r[ lanes & places :]e x is impossible to get bullock c>ts into4 ,fig4 #ag1 page #cd1 %[s a conv5i5t arrangem5t = ?is4 ,! receptacles v>y 9 size f #ab to #cc-;gallons1 & co/ f ,rs4 #cg to ,rs4 #fh ea*2 ! bodies are deta*$ f ! h& truck by simply rais+ ! h&les & dis5gag+ ! two-=k$ be>+s ) ! trunnion2 !y are fitt$ ) a h+$ lid & are made ( /rong galvaniz$ iron2 ! h& truck is ( /rong & light design1 ! :ole be+ ( wr\ght iron4 ,sid5ote3 ,cesspools4 ,:]e regul>ly-flu%$ masonry-l9$ side dra9s are unavailable1 ! dra9age f h\ses mu/ be l$ into masonry-l9$ cesspools1 :i* w be clean$ out daily by ! municipal sweep]s1 & ! cont5ts remov$ 9 cons]vancy c>ts4 ,^! cesspools %\ld be semi-circul> 9 %ape1 & pla/]$ on ! inside ) ,portl& cem5t4 ,9 _m cases1 :]e masonry dra9s exi/1 x w be f\nd possible to int]cept ?is sullage1 & purify x ?r\gh ,biological ,ag5cy 9 small tanks1 fill$ ) pieces ( vitrifi$ brick1 brok5 s z to pass ?r\gh a #b-;in* r+4 ,! brok5 bricks w la/ = ab\t a ye>1 :5 !y %\ld be r5ew$4 ,sid5ote3 ,sullage ,filt]4 ,a draw+ ( a small ,sullage ,filt] is giv5 9 ,fig4 #ah1 page #cf4 ,! e/imat$ co/ ( :i* is ,rs4 #ahj4 ,sid5ote3 ,prompt ,disposal4 ,x is ( ! v greate/ importance to insi/ on ! prompt disposal ( night-soil & refuse1 & all means :i* aid ?is1 good roads1 prop] c>e & fe$+ ( animals1 good c>ts1 & ! provision ( h\ses = sweep]s1 help to a great ext5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,regi/]+ ,private ,latr9es4 ,9 ord] to sy/ematise ! removal ( night-soil f private latr9es1 all ^! %\ld be regi/]$ & numb]$ accord+ to ! beats ( ! att5dant1 or o!rwise def9itely indicat$ & locat$1 & ! sweep]s told (f accord+ly4 ,sid5ote3 ,:eels & ,axles4 ,:5 pur*as+ c>ts especial att5tion %\ld be paid to ! quality ( ! :eels & axles4 ,! c>ts %\ld n be too heavy & mu/ be ( a conv5i5t height to facilitate work+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sullage ,,filt] ,,fig4 #ah4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,disposal ,,( ,,night-,,soil ,,& ,,tr5*+ ,,gr\nds4 ,night-soil is g5]ally dispos$ ( by be+ buri$ 9 tr5*es1 b ^! are frequ5tly too deep3 purification l>gely dep5ds on ! action ( ! robic bacilli1 t is1 ! gr\p ( microbes :i* live close to ! surface ( ! soil & require air = _! exi/5ce2 ^! sw>m 9 ! top lay]s ( ! e>?1 b are n f\nd at a great] dep? ?an #a foot & dim9i% enorm\sly 9 numb] z ?is is approa*$4 ,9 ord] to obta9 ! be/ results1 bo? f a purificative z well z a manurial po9t ( view1 ! burial %\ld be m]ely sup]ficial & n exce$+ 9 dep? ! limit ( ord9>y cultivation1 9 ord] to ensure ! gr\nd be+ ?or\ghly arat$4 ,sid5ote3 ,selection ( ,site4 ,! sites = tr5*+ gr\nds %\ld be c>efully select$2 light s&y soil un%ad$ by trees & well op5 to ! s\? & we/ w give ! be/ results4 ,!y %\ld be well above flood level1 at lea/ #e feet above ! highe/ kn[n flood1 situat$ on ! d[n /ream side ( ! baza>1 connect$ by good pucca roads ) x to all[ ( quick c>riage1 z "t is ! mo/ important factor 9 ! disposal ( night-soil1 & %\ld n be 9 ! direction ( ! prevail+ w9ds ) ! t[n4 ,a fr+e or belt ( bamboos betwe5 ! t[n & tr5*+ gr\nds w be f\nd ( ! greate/ use 9 keep+ (f flies :i* might be bl[n into inhabit$ neighb\rhoods1 & :i* are a mo/ dang]\s factor 9 dissem9at+ disease4 ,sid5ote3 ,burdwan ,tr5*+ ,gr\nd4 ,at ,burdwan 9 ,b5gal !re is a successful example ( :at c be done ) tr5*+ gr\nds f a f9ancial po9t ( view4 ,!re ! night-soil ( ! ,nor!rn ,section ( ! ,municipality1 :]e ! latr9e sy/em is 9 =ce1 & :i* has a population ( ab\t #bc1jjj1 is ma9ly dispos$ ( 9 a p]man5t tr5*+ gr\nd ( #ah bighas 9 area4 ,?is is collect$ f private latr9es 9 cov]$ buckets & deposit$ 9 ! cons]vancy c>ts at ! public latr9es1 :5ce x is remov$ to ! tr5*+ gr\nds1 :]e tr5*]s are told (f = ea* latr9e gr\p1 :o excavate ! tr5*es & are 9 *>ge ( !m2 ^! tr5*es are #c feet wide1 #a feet wide1 #ab to #ae feet 9 l5g? & #a foot ap>t4 ,! c>ts empty ! night-soil 9 f "o end until a height ( #i in*es ( liquid is atta9$1 ! excavat$ e>? be+ !n replac$4 ,dur+ ! ra9y season ,indian corn is gr[n1 & 9 ! cold wea!r cabbage1 caulifl[]1 ,b5gal pumpk91 & o!r kit*5 vegetables1 = :i* !re is a ready sale 9 ! local baza>4 ,! tr5*+ gr\nd dur+ ! curr5t ye> #aiac-ad has be5 leas$ out = ,rs4 #fjj4 ,sid5ote3 ,cultivation ( ,jute4 ,9 ! damp climate ( ,b5gal jute has be5 f\nd to gr[ v luxuriantly on newly-tr5*$ gr\nd & yields an abundant crop2 x exhau/s ! soil s mu* t aft] ! crop has be5 cut ! field c be re-tr5*$1 an important po9t :5 ! subsoil wat] is practically #ab or #ah in*es f ! surface :ile ! jute is gr[+4 ,ano!r advantage 9 gr[+ jute is t 9 c]ta9 localities !re is a difficulty 9 f9d+ a m>ket = vegetables gr[n on a tr5*+ gr\nd4 ,sid5ote3 ,muzaff>pur ,jail4 ,9 ,muzaff>pur ,jail ! tr5*es 7 made #a foot deep1 #a foot wide1 & #a foot ap>t1 & v>y+ 9 l5g? accord+ to requirem5ts2 #c in*es ( night-soil are fill$ 9 & cov]$ ov] ) ! excavat$ e>?2 #bj tr5*es are always kept ready1 be+ excavat$ ! day be=e4 ,corn is f\nd to gr[ luxuriantly aft] ! tr5* has be5 fill$ 9 = a mon?1 & o!r k9ds ( vegetables1 except+ potatoes1 aft] two mon?s4 ,ur9e & sullage wat] are buri$ 9 diff]5t fields & at a consid]ably great] dep?4 ,sid5ote3 ,allahabad4 ,at ! ,gov]nm5t ,f>m at ,allahabad 7,unit$ ,prov9ces7 ! sy/em kn[n z ! ,allahabad ,%all[ ,tr5* 0 9 successful op]ation1 & provid$ = ! :ole ( ! cantonm5t & half ! municipal population2 !re is an unlimit$ area ( l& available1 ! soil be+ ( v>i\s k9ds1 black cotton1 s&y loam & /iff clay4 ,! only crops gr[n are grass & sorghum1 & x is f\nd t ! manurial value ( ! night-soil is n exhau/$ = ?ree or f\r ye>s4 ,tr5*+ c1 h[ev]1 be done e ?ird ye> on ! same l& )\t mak+ x 8sewage sick20 l& :i* 0 wor? ,rs4 #b w1 aft] tr5*+1 fet* ab\t ,rs4 #aj p] bigha = sev5 or eight ye>s4 ,at ,me]ut = ! ye> #aiaa-ab ! sale-proce$s ( night-soil & city sweep+s am\nt$ to ,rs4 #ab1hga1 & at ,furrakhabad cum ,fatehg>h to ,rs4 #ah1cag4 ,sid5ote3 ,allahabad ,%all[ ,tr5* ,sy/em4 ,! area requir$ = ! cont5ts ( a #fj-;gallon cons]vancy c>t is #hj sq4 ft41 ! mo/ suitable dim5sions be+ #af feet long by #e feet wide2 #c in*es ( ! top surface ( ?is space is remov$ & plac$ on ! embankm5ts ( ! plot ne> :i* ! fir/ l9e ( tr5*es is dug2 ! subsoil ?us expos$ is !n well cultivat$ & pulv]iz$ to a dep? ( #i in*es1 :5 ! cont5ts ( ! c>t are tipp$ into ! c5tre ( ! tr5*2 ! liquid matt] rapidly s9k+ into ! loos5$ soil1 :ile ! solid excreta rema9s on ! top 9 a lay] less ?an in* 9 ?ickness2 #c in*es ( e>? are !n simil>ly remov$ f ! next tr5* :i* is p>allel to ! fir/1 no int]v5+ space be+ left1 & ?r[n ov] ! night-soil 9 ! latt]4 ,! practical work+ is v simple1 z all t has to be done1 is to see t a suffici5t numb] ( tr5*es = ! daily supply are dug ! day be=e & ! e>? f !m plac$ ov] ! fill$ ones4 ,x has be5 f\nd f exp]i5ce t night-soil1 ?us treat$1 decomposes 9 less ?an a week &1 if dug !n1 no trace is obs]vable2 ! effluvium disappe>s aft] ?ree days1 & crops are successfully gr[n imm$iately aft] tr5*+4 ,! ,%all[ ,tr5* ,sy/em is by f> ! mo/ sci5tific "o1 b requires a l>ge area ( l&1 work+ out to #ede sixty-gallon c>ts p] acre4 ,at ,muzaff>pur dur+ #aiab-ac1 "p ( ! night-soil 0 sold = ,rs4 #a1bjj1 & "p ( x tr5*$ 9 ! municipal tr5*+ gr\nd1 :i* 0 leas$ out = ,rs4 #a1jde4 ,! practical objection to ?is sy/em is ! fly pe/4 ,x is !re=e only applicable :]e ! tr5*+ gr\nds are remote1 & to ! leew>d side ( ! t[n4 ,spr9kl+ *loride ( lime or quicklime on ! top ( ! tr5*es prev5ts ! bre$+ ( flies4 ,! rese>*es ( ,majors ,fir? & ,horrocks1 ,r4,a4,m4,c41 publi%$ 9 ! ,briti% ,m$ical ,j\rnal1 h[ev]1 %[ t ! ent]ic bacilli is capable ( surviv+ 9 soil = mu* long] p]iods ?an has be5 believ$ possible4 ,^! c exi/ app>5tly 9 ord9>y soil = #fe days1 9 sewage-pollut$ soil = at lea/ #ec days1 :ile 9 soil suffici5tly dry to be bl[n ab\t 9 du/ = #be days1 & = ab\t a simil> p]iod :5 expos$ to a hot summ]'s sun4 ,! au?ors ( ?is note h also prov$ exp]im5tally ! translation ( infective mat]ial f sun-dri$ & du/y soil by means ( w9d1 z also by flies :i* h walk$ ov] or f$ on pollut$ e>?1 indicat+ ! advisability ( treat+ night-soil1 especially f ,milit>y ,cantonm5ts1 9 septic tanks & filt] b$s be=e apply+ x to soil--vide ,*apt] ,,ix1 page #ej4 ,sid5ote3 ,area ( ,tr5*+ ,gr\nd4 ,9 ord] to arrive at ! area necess>y = a deep tr5*+ gr\nd = a baza> ( #aj1jjj inhabitants1 & assum+ t n m ?an ? ( a gallon ( night-soil p] head p] diem is remov$1 provision w h to be made = #a1bej gallons or1 say1 #bjj cub4 ft4 ,if ! tr5*es are made #a foot wide1 #a foot deep1 & #a foot ap>t1 & are fill$ ) #f in*es ( night-soil1 #djj cub4 ft4 w be requir$ daily1 or all[+ = roads & divisions betwe5 ! plots1 say #ab acres1 = a ye>'s "w1 or1 9 o!r words1 ! area requir$ is1 "o acre = #hcc p]sons4 ,! tr5*es %\ld be divid$ up into plots or sections = ea* latr9e circle1 excavat$1 :5 wea!r p]mits1 at lea/ a week be=e !y are us$ s z to arate ! e>?2 ! bottom ( ! tr5* %\ld also be dug up to a dep? ( #i in*es = ! same reason4 ,! foll[+ extract describes some:at =cibly :at may1 & und\bt$ly does frequ5tly occur 9 _m in/ances3-- 8,tr5*+ aga9 is a success 9 dry soils1 b a good deal ( gr\nd is requir$1 & suffici5t tr5*+ gr\nd is n always available )9 practically workable di/ances ( ! night-soil produc+ areas 7public & private latr9es71 & (t5 en\gh1 :]eas x may be q successful 9 a giv5 gr\nd 9 ! hot wea!r1 x w1 9 ! same gr\nd1 h[ev] fre%1 prove an absolute failure 9 ! ra9s1 :51 ow+ to ! high wat]-level 9 ! subsoil1 ev]y?+ tr5*$ is br\ght to ! surface by ! gases ( putrefaction1 & ! entire area tr5*$ becomes a pe/il5tial bog1 crawl+ ) maggots1 bubbl+ ) ! f\le/ od\rs & sw>m+ ) blue-bottle flies1 ^: *ief delight is to frequ5t ! h\ses 9 ! neighb\rhood & infect bo? food & dr9k40 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,collection ,,& ,,disposal ,,( ,,refuse4 ,! scav5g+ ( a t[n & ! disposal ( ! refuse has probably m effect on its sanit>y /ate ?an any?+ else2 dirty rags1 dead grass & o!r refuse ly+ ab\t1 are ideal homes = g]ms ( disease to live & fl\ri% 91 & ^!1 :5 a %[] ( ra9 falls1 v frequ5tly get wa%$ into ! wat]-supply4 ,! mod]n sy/em ( cremation 9 specially con/ruct$ inc9]ators is ! only safe me?od ( disposal ( t[n sweep+s4 ,ev5 9 ,engl&1 :]e ! wat]-supply is1 9 ! majority ( cases1 n affect$1 c>eful obs]vations h prov$ t !re is an increas$ liability to ent]ic fev] 9 ! localities ( refuse heaps4 ,9 an ,indian baza> dep5d5t on wells & tanks = its wat]-supply1 any?+ m b>b>\sly insanit>y ?an ! fill+ up ( deep tanks ) t[n refuse is h>d to imag9e4 ,deep burial keeps ! g]ms ( disease alive1 probably = ye>s1 9 ! v /ratum ! dr9k+ wat] is frequ5tly tak5 f4 ,sid5ote3 ,du/-b9s4 ,9 ord] to facilitate ! collection ( refuse1 du/-b9s are ( great use2 !y %\ld1 h[ev]1 n be s l>ge z to become unwieldy1 z x is mu* m pref]able to h num]\s small ones conv5i5tly plac$1 ?an a few l>ge ones2 ! simple/ %ape is a circul> "o ( corrugat$ iron1 op5 at bo? ends1 provid$ ) a pair ( h&les1 & re/+ on a brick on edge plat=m1 ) a groove !re9 into :i* ! b9 fits1 on ! same level z ! /reet4 ,:5 ! collect+ c>t comes r\nd1 ! b9 is lift$1 ! cont5ts %ovell$ into ! c>t1 & ! b9 !n replac$2 ^! %\ld be cle>$ at c]ta9 fix$ h\rs1 & h\se-hold]s ought to be enc\rag$ to h private ones ( small size ne> _! doors if space p]mits4 ,fig4 #ai is an illu/ration ( ^! b9s1 & be+ made ( galvaniz$ iron are n liable to ru/4 ,!y v>y 9 price--= b9s #b feet #i in*es 9 height & #b feet 9 diamet] f ,rs4 #f ea*1 )\t angle iron r+s at top & bottom1 to ,rs4 #ab-h ea* ) r+s4 ,^! receptacles %\ld n be plac$ )9 #ej feet ( any well or tank4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4--;,,corrugat$ ,,du/ ,,or ,,refuse ,,b9s4 ,! selection ( /rong & s]viceable refuse c>ts is also a matt] ( importance1 especially z reg>ds ! axles & :eels4 ,fig4 #bd1 page #dh1 is an illu/ration ( a *eap b effective type4 ,! co/ is ,rs4 #abj = a c>t ( #cj cub4 ft4 capacity1 ,rs4 #aej = #ej cub4 ft41 & ,rs4 #bjj = #ij cub4 ft4 ,all ! work+ p>ts %\ld be ( /&>d size1 duplicates ( :i* c be economically pur*as$ & kept 9 /ock 9 ! ev5t ( a breakd[n1 :5 !y c be easily fitt$ by unskill$ lab\r4 ,?is is important1 z few municipalities h good work%ops4 ,! axle box 9 ! :eels %\ld inv>iably be ! full wid? ( ! hub4 ,a new axle1 ) axle box & sleeve or jacket to take ! we> & te> (f ! axle1 c be made up at a small co/1 ,fig4 #bj4 ,9 ! ,patna ,municipality ?is is suppli$ complete = ,rs4 #i-b-j4 ,illu/ration3 ,,axle1 ,,coll>1 ,,& ,,bu% ,,fig4 #bj4 ,9 ,municipalities :]e ! quality ( "w w>rants x1 x w be f\nd economical to ma9ta9 a small work%op :]e repairs c be done1 b ?is mu/ be prop]ly organiz$4 ,! foll[+ c>t ,regi/] kept up 9 ,patna ,city w simplify control ( ! c>ts1 & ensure prop] repairs be+ done4 ,x comm5ces ) an ,index1 ea* c>t is numb]$ consecutively1 :e!r x be wat]1 cons]vancy or refuse c>t1 & ! numb] p]man5tly m>k$ on x4 ,at ! l$g] folios ref]r+ to any c>t appe>s-- #a4 ,! numb] ( c>t4 #b4 ,date :5 made4 #c4 ,mak]'s "n4 #d4 ,:]e work$ 7w>d & by :om7 & bel[ t ,date4 ,note ( repairs4 ,co/4 ,,rem>ks4 #aijb ,new axle ,rs4 #i-b-j #ab #aa ,?is is ( c\rse sep>ate f ! ,/ock ,regi/]1 & may appe> to be a m]e detail ( organization1 b is v useful 9 adm9i/ration4 ,= t[ns & small ,municipalities ,inc9]ation is by f> ! safe/1 & 9 mo/ cases1 ! mo/ economical me?od ( gett+ rid ( rubbi%4 ,if night-soil be mix$ ) ! rubbi% nuisance g5]ally arises4 ,!re are v>i\s types ( inc9]ators1 b = burn+ t[n refuse only a v simple "o1 m]ely a furnace & *imney1 is q en\gh1 & sev]al ( ^! c be con/ruct$ at a v small co/ outside a municipality at conv5i5t c5tres1 :]e ! smoke w n cause a nuisance4 ,_m ( ! exi/+ inc9]ators h be5 design$ to burn night-soil z well z refuse1 z is g5]ally done 9 milit>y camps & =ts on ! fronti]4 ,sid5ote3 ,madras ,inc9]ator4 ,! ,madras type ,inc9]ator is %[n 9 ,figs4 #ba & #bb1 page #df4 ,^! 7 design$ to suit local conditions by ,mr4 ,c4 ,l4 ,griffi?1 :ile ,eng9e] ( ! ,corporation1 & co/ ,rs4 #ajj = masonry & ,rs4 #be = ironwork4 ,!re are a consid]able numb] ( ^! at "w1 di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! ,municipal area1 s z to r$uce ! load = c>t+ to a m9imum1 a v important factor 9 a /raggl+ t[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,half ,,section ,,elevation ,,fig4 #ba4 ,,plan ,,( ,,an ,,inc9]ator ,illu/ration3 ,,plan ,,fig4 #bb4 ,! ,sealkot ,improv$ ,type ,inc9]ator is also a suitable & economical "o4 ,a #d diamet] "o is capable ( burn+ ab\t #cjj cub4 ft4 ( rubbi% daily1 & x co/s ab\t ,rs4 #djj4 ,see ,fig4 #bc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4 ,sid5ote3 ,h>r+ton's ,improv$ ,inc9]ator4 ,h>r+ton's ,improv$ ,refuse ,inc9]ator has be5 9 use = sev]al ye>s4 ,ea* furnace burns f #ejj to #a1ejj cub4 ft4 ( refuse 9 #bd h\rs1 & is att5d$ by "o man :o works 9 #h-;h\r %ifts1 & :o *>ges ! furnace at ! top & removes ! a%es f bel[ ! fire b>s4 ,! fires d n die out :5 ! furnace is prop]ly *>g$1 & no coal or o!r fuel is requir$4 ,x 0 pat5t$ by ,mr4 ,r4 ,r4 ,h>r+ton4 ,sid5ote3 ,horsfield ,inc9]ator4 ,! ,horsfield ,back fe$ cont9u\s grate type ) #f cells1 design$ to dispose ( #aj tons ea* 9 #bd h\rs1 has be5 adopt$ = ,colombo1 ! co/ ( de/ruction v>y+ f ,rs4 #acj c5ts to ,rs4 #aej c5ts p] ton4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4--;,,corrugat$ ,,iron ,,refuse ,,c>t4 ,sid5ote3 ,burn+ ,refuse 9 ,/acks4 ,a l>ge am\nt ( t[n refuse c be satisfactorily dispos$ ( by /ack+ x judici\sly & sett+ fire to x f ! w9dw>d side1 :5 x gradually & /eadily burns away4 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 only practicable dur+ ! dry wea!r mon?s :5 ! sweep+s are comp>atively dry4 ,9 ?is1 z 9 e case ( removal1 ! beats ( ! c>ts %\ld be sy/ematis$ & a fix$ area all[$ to ea* c>t4 ,sid5ote3 ,fill+ holl[s ) refuse4 ,:]e inc9]ation is n practicable ! only me?od ( dispos+ ( /reet sweep+s is by fill+ up holl[s or old tanks1 :5 ! foll[+ rules %\ld be obs]v$3-- #a4 ,! holl[ or pit %\ld fir/ be pump$ out q dry2 if wet1 a horrible nuisance is caus$4 #b4 ,:]e ! holl[ or pit is a l>ge "o a section ( x %\ld be bund$ 91 /ak$ (f1 & fill$ up to surface level be=e ! re/ is proce$$ )4 #c4 ,! sweep+s1 z soon z gr\nd-level is atta9$1 mu/ be at once cov]$ ov] ) e>?1 or ! dbris f old h\ses1 walls1 etc41 s z to prev5t !m be+ expos$ & act+ z bre$+-gr\nds = flies4 ,a rapid & effective me?od ( fill+ a tank :5 l& is available r\nd its bord] is to excavate %all[ pits p>allel to its sides1 ! e>? f :i* is ?r[n into ! tank1 & ! pits !n fill$ 9 ) sweep+s4 ,a =m = regulat+ ! progress ( ! "w ( fill+ up depressions or tanks is giv5 9 ,app5dix ,b1 page #fa4 ,unless1 "u exceptional circum/ances1 x is mo/ undesirable to fill up any holl[ or tank 9 ! vic9ity ( any well f :i* dr9k+ wat] is obta9$4 ,x may possibly be f\nd ! less] ( two evils to fill up small tanks or holl[s 9 ! int]ior ( a baza> ) refuse1 z ^! are frequ5tly 9 an undescribable /ate2 ! *>ge made by a ,municipality = do+ ?is %\ld1 h[ev]1 be s adju/$ z to admit ( ! surface be+ well cov]$ 9 ) e>?1 :i* mu/1 9 all cases1 be insi/$ on4 ,if no *>ge is made1 & no dept = ! refuse select$1 x w be f\nd t ! c>tm5 w sell x by ! c>tload to irresponsible p]sons1 :5 reasonable precautions z to cov]+ 9 ) e>? & selection ( site are n possible1 ! consequ5ce be+ t innum]able bre$+-places = flies are well di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! he>t ( a d5sely populat$ neighb\rhood1 9 places :]e e>? has be5 f "t to "t excavat$ = build+ huts4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,biological ,,sy/em ,,= ,,! ,,disposal ,,( ,,night-,,soil4 ,s9ce ?is *apt] 0 writt51 "s #ab ye>s ago mu* rese>* "w has be5 c>ri$ out 9 #aijf4 ,?is 0 9 ,india fir/ sy/ematis$ by ,dr4 ,f[l] 9 8 report on 8,septic ,tanks 9 ,b5gal0 & has be5 c>ri$ on by ,major ,cleme%a1 ,i4,m4,s41 ,sanit>y ,commission]1 ,b5gal1 ^: "w on 8,sewage ,disposal 9 ! ,tropics0 publi%$ by ,messrs4 ,?ack]1 ,sp9k ,co41 ,calcutta1 is a mo/ useful "o & %\ld be consult$ by ^? int]e/$ 9 ! subject4 ,9 ! pres5t /ate ( k ( ! sci5ce1 x w\ld be unsafe to dis*>ge ! efflu5t into a wat]-supply ( small volume us$ = dr9k+ purposes bel[ ! po9t ( dis*>ge1 or 9 fact into any wat] :i* may be a pot5tial s\rce ( wat]-supply1 unless x be fir/ /]ilis$4 ,?is c be easily & economically done ) *loride ( lime4 ,9 deal+ ) ! resultant liquid ( bact]iological treatm5t x is safe/ to consid] x z a possible s\rce ( dang]1 & to dis*>ge x ei!r into ! /orm-wat] dra9s ( a t[n1 on l& = irrigation purposes1 = :i* x is mo/ valuable1 or into a l>ge volume ( runn+ wat]1 z circum/ances admit (4 ,! great advantage ( bact]iological treatm5t ( night-soil1 & "o :i* x is impossible to ov]e/imate1 is1 t x enables ! excreta to be dispos$ ( :5 fre%1 elim9ates ! necessity ( /ale night-soil be+ c>t$ ?r\gh cr[d$ ?or\ghf>es at a v l[ rate ( spe$1 & consequ5t dang] ( ! food & wat]-supply ( ! p be+ contam9at$ by ! g]ms ( disease convey$ by flies1 or bl[n on 9 ! du/4 ,latr9es c be con/ruct$ ov] septic tanks1 ! home ( ! anrobic bacilli1 :]e ! excreta at once passes 91 or dump+ septic tanks c be work$ at ! night-soil depts1 :]e ! /uff is at pres5t collect$1 z at ,d>jeel+4 ,9 ,milit>y ,cantonm5ts1 :]e ent]ic is g5]ally m or less epidemic1 x is mo/ important t ! night-soil be treat$ by biological me?ods be=e x be appli$ to ! soil1 z in/all$ at mo/ ( ! mills on ! banks ( ! ,hooghly1 & at ! ,ea/ ,indian ,railway ,work%ops at ,jamalpore4 ,sid5ote3 ,septic ,tanks4 ,( ! v>i\s me?ods ( bact]iological disposal1 ! clos$ septic tank is1 = climatic reasons1 ! mo/ g5]ally suitable = ,india4 ,9 ?is ! anrobic bacilli are provid$ ) a cong5ial work+ place 9 ! clos$ tank2 & ! robic ones are simil>ly provid$ = 9 ! filt] b$s2 ! op5 septic tank1 h[ev]1 gives equally good results1 z ! scum1 :i* rapidly =ms on ! surface1 & :i* g5]ally atta9s a consid]able ?ickness1 enables anrobic conditions to obta9 9 ! tank itself1 b c>e mu/ be tak5 t ?is scum is n brok54 ,sid5ote3 ,filt] ,b$s4 ,! robic ,contact ,b$ filt]s are m]ely op5 tanks fill$ ) coal1 coke1 or l>ge c9d]s1 ?r\gh :i* ! liquid is all[$ to p]colate at int]vals4 ,! bacilli live & fl\ri% 9 ^!1 & d _! "w dur+ ! p]iods f #b to #d h\rs ! tanks are *>g$4 ,! p]colat+ cont9u\s filt]s are ^? ov] :i* ! efflu5t is cont9u\sly spr9kl$ & ?r\gh :i* ! fluid sl[ly p]colates4 ,exp]im5ts h conclusively prov$ t good results c be obta9$ f ei!r :5 a suitable sewage is appli$4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,g5]al ,,sanitation4 ,sid5ote3 ,trees & tall crops4 ,all ! l[] bran*es ( trees 9 cr[d$ areas %\ld be prun$2 ^! are useless or sup]flu\s = %ade1 & only imp$e ! free circulation ( air4 ,?is %\ld be done by saw+ (f any bran* flu% ) ! ma9 trunk1 or ) its ma9 bran*4 ,9 no case %\ld a ragg$ /ump be left1 &1 if possible1 ! w\nd %\ld be sme>$ ) t>4 ,lopp+ mu/ be done ) a h&saw & 9 no case ) an axe2 ! be/ season = do+ ?is is at ! end ( ! cold wea!r1 b x c also be done at ! end ( ! ra9s4 ,! f9al =m ( a tree %\ld be a /raight /em up to #ae or #ah feet1 )\t a b\gh1 & above t height its natural %ape :atev] t may be4 ,?is w all[ ( free v5tilation ( ! roads & /reets4 ,= ! same reason no tall crops1 su* z ,g5]a1 or ,indian corn1 %\ld be all[$ ne> h\ses1 & jungle %\ld be kept cle>$ z f> z possible4 ,sid5ote3 ,tanks4 ,h\sehold]s %\ld n be all[$ to excavate small tanks 9 _! comp\nds to procure e>? f = ! pl9?s ( _! h\ses1 z ^! become 9 "t m]e cesspools1 :]e ! inmates ba!1 wa% _! clo!s1 & (t5 dr9k ! wat]4 ,fur!r1 ^! become suitable bre$+-places = mosquitoes4 ,plots ( gr\nd %\ld be set aside by ,municipalities1 :]e1 = prop] reasons1 e>? c be tak54 ,^! common excavations w 9 "t become l>ge tanks1 :i* c be prop]ly cons]v$ & utiliz$4 ,= ! same reason e>? = roads & railways %\ld n be remov$ f isolat$ pits1 b %\ld be tak5 s t ! resultant excavation =ms "o cont9u\s *annel runn+ p>allel ) ! road1 or %\ld be tak5 9 %all[ lay]s s z to avoid ! =mation ( a pit or holl[1 ! exi/5ce ( :i* is especially objectionable 9 ! light ( rec5t rese>* z mosquitoes bre$ & g5]ate 9 !m1 & s spread mal>ial fev]4 ,:]e su* holl[s exi/1 ! gr[? ( fi% %\ld be enc\rag$1 z !y fe$ on ! mosquito l>v :5 pres5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,cultivation )9 urban limits4 ,f ! exp]i5ce ( troops on s]vice1 x is f\nd t camp+ ne> rec5tly turn$-up soil is usually foll[$ by fev]4 ,pl\gh+ up ( l& = agricultural purposes %\ld1 if possible1 be prev5t$ )9 municipal urban limits4 ,9 mo/ municipalities !re is a suburban area :i* is pretty well all cultivat$1 b cultivation 9 d5sely populat$ areas1 z (t5 occurs1 %\ld be disc\rag$4 ,sid5ote3 ,dhobies4 ,dhobies %\ld n be all[$ to wa% clo!s 9 /agnant tanks1 z x has be5 prov$ t ! spread ( p>asitic eczema1 or dhobies' it*1 is !reby facilitat$4 ,:]e a wat]-supply exi/s a small wa%+ plat=m ) taps %\ld be provid$ free ( *>ge by ! ,municipality4 ,:]e n1 !y %\ld be made to wa% 9 runn+ wat]1 or 9 tanks specially pass$ by ! m$ical (fic]4 ,x is mo/ important t all dhobies be regi/]$1 lic5s$ & told (f to ! diff]5t ghats2 x may be free ( co/ to !m 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 b aft] ! sy/em has be5 successfully introduc$1 well-to-d employees c easily be induc$ to pay a small annual fee = sup]ior accommodation4 ,?is w ev5tually fully cov] ! co/ ( ! necess>y sup]vis+ e/abli%m5t & incid5tal exp5diture4 ,sid5ote3 ,m>kets4 ,! importance ( ! regul> inspection & control ( m>kets1 ?r\gh :i* ! food-supply ( a l>ge proportion ( ! inhabitants passes1 c h>dly be ov]-e/imat$4 ,9 ^!1 special accommodation & wat]-supply suitable = ! articles = sale1 e4g41 fi%1 vegetables1 meat1 & live/ock %\ld be provid$1 & a /aff employ$ to see t ! exi/+ laws are duly en=c$1 & t ! quality ( ! food-/uff exhibit$ = sale is su* z %\ld be p]mitt$4 ,public slaught]h\ses = animals1 ! inspection ( meat1 & ! disposal ( (fal %\ld also be sy/ematically regulat$ & inspect$4 ,! co/ ( erect+ suitable m>ket accommodation w soon be repaid & ! inve/m5t become a s\rce ( income to a ,municipality if ! s*eme is prop]ly work$4 ,! great po9t is ! provision ( good v5tilation1 dra9age1 & ( a wat]-supply = flu%+ purposes4 ,a design ( an inexp5sive m>ket ( #dj /alls = ! ,muzaff>pur ,municipality con/ruct$ 9 #aijb1 at a co/ ( ,rs4 #d1ghf1 is giv5 9 ,fig4 #be1 page #ee4 ,?is = ! pa/ ?ree ye>s gave an av]age income ( ,rs4 #bec4 ,a loan ( ,rs4 #d1hjj at #d p] c5t41 repayable 9 #cj ye>s1 w\ld entail an annual exp5diture ( say ,rs4 #bgh 7see ,table ( calculations ( repaym5t ( loans by equal in/alm5ts1 ,app5dix ,e1 page #fh71 s ! results !re are n satisfactory f a f9ancial po9t ( view4 ,sid5ote3 ,disposal ( ,dead4 ,burn+ ,ghts4 ,! sc>city ( timb] g5]ally prevail+1 & its consequ5t exp5se1 makes ! process ( cremation among ! poor] ,h9dus frequ5tly a f>ce1 ! corpse be+ g5]ally m]ely *>r$1 & !n ?r[n into ! ne>e/ riv]1 :i* !reby may be contam9at$ by ! g]ms ( disease2 (t5 ! pr(essional cremator does no?+ m ?an ?r[ ! body into ! wat]4 ,x is "t t ri* ,h9dus came =w>d & con/ruct$ prop] crematoria 9 ! t[ns on ! banks ( ! ,ganges = ! suitable disposal ( _! dead4 ,coal %\ld be us$ & ! burn+ ghts be look$ aft] by ,brahm9s1 z at ,kalighat 9 ,calcutta4 ,9 ,muzaff>pur1 a new burn+ ght on ! banks ( ! riv]1 d[n /ream ( ! t[n1 0 op5$ "u ! control ( ! ,municipality4 ,a wait+-room to %elt] ! p]sons accompany+ ! corpse w be con/ruct$ at ! co/ ( a lead+ zem9d>2 & ! sale ( fuel 0 regulat$4 ,= ! cremation ( an adult corpse ?is is suppli$ = ab\t ,rs4 #b & = *ild ,re4 #a1 v>y+ ) ! seasons1 b private supply 0 all[$1 provid$ x be suffici5t = p]fect combu/ion ( ! body4 ,at lea/ #i maunds ( mango wood is requir$ to burn an adult corpse prop]ly1 ! rate = ?is be+ ab\t #e maunds = a rupee4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4 ,,municipal ,,m>ket #dj ,,/alls ,,end ,,elevation ,,"p ,,plan ,,cross ,,section ,sid5ote3 ,burial-gr\nds4 ,mahomm$an burial-gr\nds %\ld n be all[$ ne> cr[d$ areas1 or ! s\rces ( wat]-supply4 ,9 mo/ t[ns ^! w be f\nd to be ov]cr[d$2 new ones %\ld be op5$ "u municipal control1 z provid$ = 9 sections #bed to #bfj;,a1 ,"p ,,vi ( ! ,b5gal ,municipal ,act4 ,an area ( half an acre = e #a1jjj ,mahomm$an inhabitants is desirable if l& is available1 b may be r$uc$ to qu>t] ( an acre :]e su* is v exp5sive4 ,?is all[s ( ! graves be+ undi/urb$ = a p]iod ( sev5 ye>s4 ,sid5ote3 ,ru9$ h\ses4 ,:]e a h\se has be5 dismantl$1 or is 9 ru9s1 ! own] %\ld be made ei!r to repair x or remove ! mat]ials2 ! rema9s ( walls s]ve z a cov] = ! committal ( nuisances & ! deposit ( refuse4 ,sid5ote3 ,build+ ,regulations4 ,build+ ,regulations %\ld be adopt$ 9 all ,municipalities4 ,^? fram$ = ,patna ,city "u section #bda1 ,"p ,,vi1 ( ! ,b5gal ,municipal ,act1 are giv5 9 ,app5dix ,d1 page #fc4 ,! rule t no build+ 9 any /reet %all be high] ?an ! di/ance f its base to ! opposite side ( ! /reet is a v ess5tial "o to obs]ve4 ,9 ! ,bombay ,improvem5t ,tru/ ! angle ( #fc f ! opposite side ( any /reet or lane1 regulates ! height p]missible 9 any build+4 ,,app5dix ,a4 ,,model ,,rules ,,z ,,to ,,private ,,privies ,,& ,,ur9als4 7,,gov]nm5t ,,( ,,b5gal47 ,see ,act ,,iii ( #ahhd1 ,section #cej 7c74 #a4 7#a7 ,no privy %all be plac$ 9 ! space requir$ by ?is ,act to be left at ! back ( a build+-- 7a7 unless ! total height ( ! privy does n exce$ elev5 feet2 & 7b7 unless !re is a space ( at lea/ f\r feet betwe5 ! ne>e/ wall & ! s]vice ap]ture ( ! privy4 7#b7 ,no privy situat$ 91 or adjac5t to1 a build+ %all be plac$ at a di/ance ( less ?an-- 7a7 six feet f any o!r build+ :i* is a public build+2 or 7b7 f\r feet f any o!r build+ :i* is1 or is likely to be1 us$ z a dwell+-place1 or z a place 9 :i* any p]son is1 or is int5d$ to be1 employ$ 9 any manufacture1 trade or bus9ess4 ,sid5ote3 ,provisions ( access to s]vice privy f /reet4 #b4 7#a7 ,no privy %all be plac$ on any upp] floor ( a build+4 #c4 7#a7 ,if !re is no conv5i5t access f a /reet to any privy1 ! ,commission]s may1 if !y ?9k fit by writt5 notice1 require ! own] ( ! privy to =m a passage giv+ access to ! privy f ! /reet4 ,sid5ote3 ,models & type-plans4 7#b7 ,e notice s]v$ "u sub-rule 7#a7 mu/ require t su* passage be =m$ at gr\nd-level1 b n less ?an f\r feet wide1 & be provid$ ) a suitable door1 & mu/ in=m ! said own] t ! passage may1 at 8 option1 be ei!r op5 to ! sky or cov]$ 94 #d4 ,models & type-plans ( privies & ur9als1 approv$ by ! ,commission]s1 ) e/imates ( ! co/ ( con/ruct+ privies & ur9als 9 accordance !re)1 %all be kept 9 ! ,municipal (fice & %all be op5 to inspection by any p]son at all reasonable times )\t *>ge2 b no p]son %all be b\nd to con/ruct any privy or ur9al 9 accordance ) any su* model or type plan if ! same be con/ruct$ 9 accordance ) ! o!r rules conta9$ 9 ?is ,s*$ule4 ,sid5ote3 ,dra94 #e4 7#a7 ,a dra9 mu/ be provid$ = e privy & e ur9al4 7#b7 ,su* dra9 mu/ be con/ruct$ ( "s imp]vi\s mat]ial1 & mu/ connect ! floor ( ! privy or ur9al-- 7a7 ) a dra9 communicat+ ) a municipal dra9 or sew]2 or 7b7 if p]mitt$ by ! ,commission]s1 ) an imp]vi\s cesspool1 ! cont5ts ( :i* c be remov$ ei!r by h&1 or by fl[ aft] filtration4 ,sid5ote3 ,floor4 #f4 7#a7 ,! floor ( e privy & ur9al-- 7a7 mu/1 if ! ,commission]s 9 any case s direct1 be made ( "o ( ! foll[+ mat]ials to be select$ by ! own] ( ! privy or ur9al1 t is to say1 glaz$ tiles1 artificial /one or cem5t2 or 7b7 if no su* direction is giv51 mu/ be made ( ?or\ghly well burnt e>!n tiles or bricks pla/]$1 & n m]ely po9t$1 ) cem5t2 & 7c7 mu/ be 9 e "p at a height ( n less ?an six in*es above ! level ( ! surface ( ! gr\nd adjo9+ ! privy or ur9al4 7#b7 ,! floor ( e privy & e ur9al mu/ h a fall or incl9ation ( at lea/ half an in* to ! foot t[>ds ! dra9 prescrib$ by rule #e2 & ! plat=m mu/ be simil>ly slop$ t[>ds ! ap]ture4 ,sid5ote3 ,walls & ro(4 #g4 ,! walls & ! ro( 7if any7 ( e privy & ur9al %all be made ( su* mat]ials z may be approv$ by ! ,commission]s3 ,provid$ t-- 7a7 9 ! case ( privies1 ! entire surface ( ! walls bel[ ! plat=m %all ei!r be r5d]$ 9 cem5t or be made z prescrib$ 9 clause 7a7 or clause 7b7 ( rule #f4 ,sid5ote3 ,plat=m4 #h4 ,! plat=m ( e privy or ur9al mu/ ei!r be pla/]$ ) cem5t or be made ( "s wat]-tight nonabsorb5t mat]ial z prescrib$ 9 rule #f4 ,sid5ote3 ,v5tilation ( privies 91 or adjac5t to1 build+s4 #i4 ,e privy or ur9al situat$ 91 or adjac5t to1 a build+ mu/ h an op5+1 ( n less ?an ?ree squ>e feet 9 area1 9 "o ( ! walls ( ! privy1 z ne> ! top ( ! wall z may be practicable1 & communicat+ directly ) ! op5 air4 ,sid5ote3 ,regulation ( s]vice privies con/ruct$ = use 9 comb9ation ) a moveable receptacle = sewage4 #aj4 ,e privy mu/ be con/ruct$ 9 accordance ) ! foll[+ provisions3-- 7a7 ! space b5ea? ! plat=m ( ! privy mu/ be ( su* dim5sions z to admit ( "o or two moveable receptacles = sewage ( a capacity n exce$+ "o cubic foot1 be+ plac$ & fitt$ b5ea? ! plat=m 9 su* mann] & position z w effectually prev5t ! deposit1 o!rwise ?an 9 su* receptacle ( any sewage fall+ or ?r[n ?r\gh ! ap]ture ( ! plat=m2 7b7 ! privy mu/ be s con/ruct$ z to af=d adequate access to ! said space = ! purposes ( cleans+ su* place & ( plac+ !re9 & remov+ !refrom prop] receptacles = sewage2 7c7 ! said receptacles mu/ be wat]-tight1 & mu/ be made ( metal if _! capacity is ov] half a cubic foot1 or ( well-t>r$ e>!nw>e or glaz$ /onew>e if _! capacity is less ?an half a cubic foot2 7d7 ! door = ! ins]tion & removal ( ! receptacles mu/ be made s z to completely cov] ! ap]ture4 ,sid5ote3 ,en=cem5t ( ! =ego+ rules 9 ! case ( future privies or ur9als4 #aa4 7#a7 ,if any privy or ur9al erect$ or re-erect$ aft] ! pass+ ( ^! rules is s con/ruct$ z to contrav5e any ( ! provisions ( ?is ,s*$ule1 ! ,commission]s may1 by writt5 notice1 :e!r or n ! (f5d] be prosecut$ "u ! ,municipal ,act be=e a ,magi/rate1 require-- 7a7 ! occupi] ( ! build+ to :i* ! privy or ur9al belongs1 or 7b7 7if ! privy or ur9al does n belong to a build+7 ! own] ( ! l& on :i* ! privy or ur9al /&s1 to make su* alt]ations z may be specifi$ 9 ! notice ) ! object ( br++ ! privy or ur9al into con=mity ) ! said provisions4 ,,app5dix ,b4 ,,removal ,,( ,,t[n ,,sweep+4 ,muzaff>pur ,municipality4 ,,w>ds ,,nos4 #a ,,& #b4 ,"n ( ,dept1 ,juran-,*upra4 ,quantity requir$ to fill up tank or holl[1 #fg1egj cub4 ft4 ,novemb] #aijb4 ,s]ial ,capacity numb] ,"n ( ( c>t ( c>t]4 9 cub4 ,,numb] ,,( ,,trips ,,daily4 c>t4 ft4 #a #b #c #d #e #f #g #h #iajaaabacadae #a;,be*n #bd #b #b #c #b #c #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #c #b #c #b;,jhoomak #bd #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b ,dome #c,mangl #bd #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #c #b #b #b #b #d;,jamn #bd #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b ,b> #e,musamat #bd #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b ,rukm9i #f;,bhdai #bd #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #g,musamat #bd #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b ,rebia #h;,akloo #bd #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b ,*ot #i,musamat #bd #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b ,bhagwni ,total#ahahaiahaiaiahahahaiaiahaiahai ,quantity ,quantity ( ( ,s]ial rubbi% rubbi% numb] 9 cub4 9 cub4 ( ,,numb] ,,( ,,trips ,,daily4 ft4 ft4 c>t4 deposit$deposit$ by ea* by ea* c>t c>t 9 daily4 mon?4 #afagahaibjbabbbcbdbebfbgbhbicjca #a #c #b #b #b #c #b #b #b #b #b #b #c #b #b #c #edd #a1fcb #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #dhj #a1ddj #c #c #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #c #b #b #b #b #eab #a1ecf #d #b #b #b #b #b #b #c #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #dhf #a1ddj #e #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #dhj #a1ddj #f #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #dij #a1dhh #g #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #dhj #a1ddj #h #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #dhj #a1ddj #i #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #dhj #a1ddj #aiaiahahaiahaiahahahaiaiahahai #ac1bif ,total quantity ( rubbi% deposit$ at ,dept dur+ mon? 9 cub4 ft4 #ac1bif4 ,cubical capacity ( holl[ /ill rema9+ to be fill$ up1 #ed1bgd4 ,,app5dix ,c4 ,,muzaff>pur ,,municipality4 ,,well ,,regi/]4 #aijb4 ,w>d ,,ii4 ,s]ial ,population numb] ,mahulla4 ( ,"n ( ,condition,dep?4 ,by :om on ,mahulla4 ,well4 ( well4 own$4 map4 #aci ,s>ayagunj ,bulaki #cc ft4,hiraman ,sahoo ,sahoo #adj ,jadoo ,baboo #di ft4,jadoo ,baboo #ada ,laljee #cg ft4,laljee ,*[dhry ,*[dhry ,rai ,babu ,rai ,babu ,p]me%> ,p]me%> #adb ,n>ayan #cj ft4 ,n>ayan ,mah?a ,mah?a ,bahadoor4 ,bahadoor4 #adc ,ditto #be ft4 ,ditto #add ,ditto #bg ft4 ,ditto #ade ,d4 9 #ed ft4 ,ditto ,dh>masalla #adf ,ditto #cg ft4 ,ditto #adg ,b>hamdeo #bg ft4,b>hamdeo ,n>a9 ,n>a9 ,b4 ,buldeo ,buldeo #adh ,prosad #cj ft4 ,prosad ,sahoo #adi ,ditto #be ft4 ,ditto #aej ,ditto #bc ft4 ,ditto ,s]ial ,date ,date ( numb] :5 ,by :om notice ,,rem>ks4 on la/ clean$4 to map4 clean$4 own]4 #aci #aija #cj-e-jb #adj #bj-e-jb #ada ,d4 #adb ,d4 #adc ,d4 #add ,d4 #ade #aija ,d4 #adf #aija ,d4 #adg #aija #b-f-jb #adh #bj-e-jb #adi ,d4 #aej ,d4 ,,app5dix ,d4 ,,build+ ,,regulations ,,fram$ ,,"u ,,section #bda1 ,,b5gal ,,municipal ,,act4 ,,introductory4 #a4 ,any p[]s ( ! ,*airman "u ^! ,rules c be delegat$ by him to ! ,vice-,*airman4 ,,"p ,i4--,,build+ ,,sites4 ,sid5ote3 ,conditions z to use ( build+ sites4 #b4 ,no piece ( l& %all be us$ z a site = ! erection ( a build+4 7#a7 ,if ! build+ is to abut on a road1 unless ! site is ( su* a %ape t ! face ( ! build+ c be made p>allel to ! l9e ( ! road1 or z ne>ly p>allel to ! said l9e z ! ,*airman may consid] practicable2 &1 7#b7 ,if ! build+ to be erect$ is a public build+1 or a dwell+-h\se-- 7a7 ,unless ! site is c]tifi$ by ! ,ov]se] to be dry & well-dra9$1 or to be capable ( be+ dri$ & well-dra9$1 9 :i* latt] case in/ruction %\ld be furni%$ to ! applicant z to :at improvem5ts are necess>y be=e a c]tificate c be grant$4 ,x re/s ) ! ,*airman to decide 9 ea* case :e!r any c]tificate is necess>y at all4 7b7 ,if ! site is a tank fill$ up ) e>?1 unless ! site has be5 fill$ up = at lea/ five ye>s1 ) ! proviso t if ! f\ndations rea* to ! orig9al gr\nd !re is no limit z to "t4 7c7 ,if ! site has be5 fill$ up ) or us$ = deposit+ rubbi%1 (f5sive matt]1 or sewage1 unless ! site 0 s fill$ up or la/ s us$ m ?an five ye>s previ\sly & unless ! ,*airman has exam9$ ! site & grant$ a c]tificate to ! effect t x is1 f a sanit>y po9t ( view1 fit to be built ^u4 ,,"p ,,ii4--,,build+s ,,g5]ally4 ,sid5ote3 ,height4 #c4 7#a7 ,if a build+ is situat$ at ! side ( a road no portion ( ! build+ %all be high] ?an ! di/ance f its base to ! opposite side ( ! /reet4 ,explanation4--,if a build+ be plac$ at ! edge ( ! road its height mu/ n exce$ ! wid? ( ! /reet2 b if ! build+ or "o or m ( its /ories be set back1 ! height ( ! build+ may be increas$ z mu* z ! basem5t ( ! increas$ portion is di/ant f ! adjo9+ edge ( ! road4 7#b7 ,9 ! case ( any build+ :i* is re-erect$ 9 a road 9 exi/5ce at ! "t :5 ^! rules come 9 =ce :i* is less ?an #be feet wide b m ?an #bj feet1 ! proportion ( height to wid? may be z five to f\r up to a limit ( #be feet4 7#c7 ,not)/&+ any?+ conta9$ 9 sub-rule 7#a7 or sub-rule 7#b7 ! ,*airman may give p]mission = build+ h\ses 9 ! cases ( roads or lanes ( less ?an #bj feet wide1 aft] p]sonal inspection 9 ea* case4 7#d7 ,if a build+ is situat$ on a corn] plot1 ! height ( ! build+ %all be regulat$ by ! wid] ( ! int]sect+ /reets4 ,sid5ote3 ,level ( floor4 #d4 ,! floor or l[e/ floor ( e build+ erect$ or re-erect$ f ! gr\nd-level mu/ be con/ruct$ at su* level z w admit (-- 7a7 ,! con/ruction ( a dra9 suffici5t = ! effectual dra9age ( ! build+1 & plac$ at su* level z w admit ( ! dra9age be+ l$ into "s ,municipal dra9 at ! "t exi/+ or project$4 7b7 ,! provision ( ! requisite communication ) "s dra9 into :i* ! dra9age may lawfully be dis*>g$1 at a po9t 9 ! upp] half ( su* dra91 or ) "s o!r outfall into :i* ! dra9age may lawfully be dis*>g$4 ,sid5ote3 ,build+ ov] ,municipal dra94 #e4 ,no f\ndation ( any build+ %all be plac$ ov] any ,municipal dra91 nor %all any sup]/ructure :atev]1 :e!r v]&ah1 balcony1 eave1 or any o!r portion ( ! build+1 project beyond a v]tical l9e drawn ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! dra91 & if !re be no dra91 n beyond #a foot #f in*es f ! edge ( ! road4 ,b no mat]ial or /ructure ( any k9d at or bel[ ! level ( #f feet f ! gr\nd1 ) ! exception ( entrance culv]ts1 all[$ "u ,rule #g1 %all project ov] any "p ( a dra94 ,sid5ote3 ,entrance culv]ts4 #f4 ,! applications :i* are fil$ = entrance culv]ts mu/ conta9 ! foll[+ p>ticul>s3-- 7#a7 ,l5g?4 7#b7 ,bread? beyond dra94 7#c7 ,v5tage all[$4 7a7 ,ord9>ily ! foll[+ dim5sions w be all[$ = foot traffic3-- 7#a7 two feet4 7#b7 t5 in*es4 7#c7 same size z area ( dra9 up to a maximum ( ?ree squ>e feet4 ,! numb] ( entrance culv]ts 9 any build+ %all n exce$ ! numb] ( sep>ate %ops or dwell+-h\ses4 ,! int]v5+ space betwe5 culv]ts ov] a dra9 %all n be cov]$ ov] by planks1 /one slabs or any o!r sub/ance4 7b7 ,= :eel traffic ! size & ! nature ( ! entrance culv]ts are left to ! discretion ( ! ,*airman4 ,balcony4 #g4 ,no balcony %all be erect$ 9 any road1 /reet1 or lane :i* is n ma9ta9$ by supports :i* 9 ! op9ion ( ! ,*airman are suffici5tly /rong4 ,sid5ote3 ,di/ance betwe5 build+ l9e & /reet alignm5t4 #h4 ,9 any road laid out aft] ^! rules come into =ce 9 :i* cont9u\s build+ is all[$1 ! di/ance betwe5 ! build+ l9e & ! /reet alignm5t %all n be less ?an #d feet4 ,,"p ,,iii4--,,masonry ,,build+s ,,g5]ally4 ,sid5ote3 ,pl9?4 #i4 ,! pl9? ( any new build+ mu/ be at lea/ "o foot above ! level ( ! c5tre ( ! ne>e/ road1 provid$ no "o is requir$ to build a pl9? high] ?an ?ree feet above ! gr\nd4 ,sid5ote3 ,out] walls4 #aj4 ,! out] walls ( a masonry build+ mu/ be con/ruct$ ( burnt brick or "s o!r h>d & incombu/ible sub/ance4 ,sid5ote3 ,walls 9 build+ ( m ?an "o /orey4 #aa4 ,if a masonry build+ exce$s #cj feet 9 height1 all except ! topmo/ /orey %\ld be built ( well burnt bricks & lime mort>4 ,sid5ote3 ,t]race ro(4 #ab4 ,no "p ( a flat t]race ro( or "p ( a p>apet %all ext5d beyond ! out] face ( ! wall on :i* x is support$4 ,,"p ,,iv4--,,dwell+-,,h\ses ,,& ,,o!r ,,dome/ic ,,build+s4 ,sid5ote3 ,proportion ( site = dwell+-h\se :i* may be built ^u4 #ac4 ,! total area cov]$ by all ! build+s 7includ+ v]&ahs erect$ or re-erect$ on any site us$ = a dwell+-h\se7 %all n exce$ ?ree-f\r?s ( ! total area ( ! site4 ,b 9 ! case ( rebuild+ ?is rule w n apply 9 a case 9 :i* ! site is less ?an #ejj squ>e feet4 ,sid5ote3 ,op5 space 9 re> ( build+4 #ad4 ,except 9 localities :]e ! erection ( only deta*$ build+s is all[$1 !re mu/ ord9>ily be1 9 ! abs5ce ( any specific p]mission ( ! ,*airman to ! contr>y1 9 ! re> ( e dome/ic build+ an op5 space ext5d+ along ! entire wid? ( ! build+ ( n less ?an #aj feet4 ,sid5ote3 ,int]ior c\rty>ds & outw>ds op5 spaces to be rais$ & kept op54 #ae4 ,e int]ior c\rty>d & e op5 space prescrib$ by rule #ae mu/ be rais$ at lea/ six in*es above ! level ( ! c5tre ( ! ne>e/ /reet or road s z to admit ( easy dra9age into ! /reet4 #af4 ,all liv+ rooms %\ld be s plac$ z to get light & air4 ,= t object all su* rooms %\ld h at lea/ "o w9d[ op5+ to ! out] air direct1 or into a v]&ah4 ,sid5ote3 ,height ( room4 #ag4 ,! height ( ! room on ! basem5t floor %all be n less ?an n9e feet4 ,sid5ote3 ,wat] sp\ts4 #ah4 ,wat] sp\ts %\ld be s arrang$ z to dis*>ge wat] 9 a ,municipal dra9 or on l& belong+ to ! proprietor ( ! h\se to :i* ! wat] sp\t is atta*$4 ,,"p ,v4--,,applications ,,= ,,approval ,,( ,,sites ,,=1 ,,& ,,= ,,p]mission ,,to ,,erect ,,or ,,re-,,erect1 ,,masonry ,,build+s4 ,sid5ote3 ,application = approval ( site = erection or re-erection ( masonry build+s4 #ai4 7#a7 ,e notice "u section #bcg ( ! ,b5gal ,municipal ,act = ! erection or re-erection ( a h\se n be+ a hut mu/ be 9 writ+ & %\ld /ate ! b\nd>ies ( ! site1 ! numb] assign$ to x 9 ! assessm5t book1 & its dim5sions4 7#b7 ,! site plan s5t ) su* an application mu/ be drawn to a scale ( n less ?an #acj? ( an in* to a foot1 mu/ be s5t 9 duplicate1 & mu/ %[-- 7a7 ! b\nd>ies ( ! site2 7b7 ! position ( ! site 9 relation to neighb\r+ roads2 7c7 ! circle & hold+ numb] 9 :i* ! build+ is propos$ to be situat$2 7d7 ! position ( ! build+ 9 relation to its own site1 ! propos$ means ( access1 ! propos$ dra9s1 privies1 & cesspools1 ! purpose = :i* x is to be us$1 ! elevation ( ! propos$ build+1 ! mat]ials ( ! walls & ( ! ro(1 & ! level ( pl9?4 ,an elevation is n requir$ 9 ! case ( a "o /ori$ til$ h\se4 7#c7 ,! application & site plan mu/ be sign$ by ! applicant4 #bj4 ,aft] ! receipt ( any application = approval ( site1 or = p]mission to execute "w or bo?1 ! ,*airman may require ! applicant-- 7a7 to furni% him ) any in=mation on matt]s ref]r$ to above :i* has n already be5 giv5 9 ! docum5ts receiv$ "u ^! rules2 or 7b7 to satisfy him t !re are no objections :i* may lawfully be tak51 on any ( ! gr\nds m5tion$ above1 to ! approval ( ! site or to ! grant ( p]mission to execute ! "w4 #ba4 ,! ,*airman %\ld ord9>ily take action "u section #ba )9 fifte5 days ( ! receipt ( ! application4 #bb4 ,! ,*airman %all sign all pass$ plans 9 tok5 ( 8 approval4 ,,"p ,,vi4--,,ku*a ,,h\ses ,,or ,,huts4 #bc4 ,! build+ ( all huts c be regulat$ by ! ,commission]s "u ! p[]s ve/$ 9 !m by ,sections #bcf1 #bdc1 #bdd & foll[+ ones ( ! ,b5gal ,municipal ,act4 ,,app5dix ,e4 ,,calculation ,,( ,,re-,,paym5ts ,,( ,,loans ,,by ,,equal ,,in/alm5ts4 ,! annex$ table %[s ! in/alm5ts by :i* a loan ( "o lakh ( rupees w be refund$ by p]iodical in/alm5ts 9 a giv5 numb] ( ye>s1 int]e/ be+ calculat$ at #d1 #d1 #e1 #e1 #f & #f p] c5t4 ,9 ! left-h& column1 "u ea* t]m1 int]e/ is add$1 & recov]y ( ! in/alm5ts due made at ! end ( ea* ye>2 9 ! "r-h& column int]e/ & in/alm5t are suppos$ to be due half-ye>ly3-- ,p] ,five ,ye>s4 ,t5 ye>s4 ,fifte5 ye>s4 c5t4 ,ye>4 ,ye>4 ,ye>4 ,ye>4 #d #bb1dfcjaa1acbdab1cbibf1aaefeh1iidadd1df dif #d #bb1ggicaa1bghiab1fcgif1bfdaii1caadad1fa iid #e #bc1jigfaa1dbegab1iejcf1dadfii1fcdbad1gg ggfc #e #bc1dagfaa1egdeac1bffgf1efgb #i1ifbf #d1ichf #f #bc1gdjjaa1gbcjac1ehfhf1gabf #aj1bif #ce1ajai #f #bc1ijacaa1gihaac1gdhbf1giie #aj1dfeje1ahdg ,p] ,tw5ty ye>s4 ,tw5ty-five ,?irty ye>s4 c5t4 ye>s4 #d #g1cehahc1feeeef1djabac1ahbcbe1ghcjab1hg fgh #d #g1fhgfdc1hagfif1gdcibc1ceahdf1aciaec1je cec #e #h1jbdbec1ihefbg1jiebcc1ebehjf1ejeaec1bc ecec #e #h1cfgi #d1aecb #g1dedi #c1gjdb #f1hhje #c1dbbj #f #h1gahd #d1cbfb #g1hbbf #c1hhfe #g1bfdi #c1facc #f #h1ihfb #d1dadj #h1jjie #c1igic #g1dfjc #c1gajf ,,app5dix ,f4 ,,rules ,,= ,,! ,,prep>ation1 ,,submission ,,& ,,execution ,,( ,,projects ,,( ,,wat]-,,supply1 ,,sew]age ,,or ,,dra9age ,,by ,,local ,,au?orities 7,,z ,,modifi$ ,,up ,,to ,,! #ca,,/ ,,july #aiac74 ,notification4 ,no4 #hah,t4-,m4--,! #ac? ,septemb] #aiaj4--;,9 ex]cise ( ! p[]s conf]r$ by clauses 7i7 & 7ii7 ( sub-section 7#a7 ( section #fi ( ! ,b5gal ,municipal ,act1 #ahhd 7,b5gal ,act ,,iii ( #ahhd71 & by clauses 7e7 & 7m7 ( section #ach ( ! ,b5gal ,local ,self-,gov]nm5t ,act ( #ahhe 7,b5gal ,act ,,iii ( #ahhe71 ! ,lieut5ant-,gov]nor is pleas$ to direct t ! foll[+ rules = ! prep>ation1 submission & execution ( projects = wat]-supply1 sew]age or dra9age by local au?orities %all be sub/itut$ = ! l rules publi%$ ) ,gov]nm5t ,notification ,no4 #agab,m41 dat$ ! #g? ,july #aijf1 at pages #aaa to #aac1 ,"p ,,ib ( ! ,calcutta ,gazette ( ! #aa? idem1 namely3-- ,sid5ote3 ,prep>ation ( sket* ( project4 #a4 7#a7 ,:5ev] a local au?ority desires to und]take a project = wat]-supply or sew]age or a compreh5sive s*eme ( surface dra9age1 x %all fir/ cause to be drawn up a sket* ( ! project r\ghly %[+ its scope & approximate co/4 7#b7 ,su* sket* may be drawn up ei!r by ! ,sanit>y ,eng9e] at ! special reque/ ( ! local au?ority & ) ! approval ( ! ,sanit>y ,bo>d & on paym5t ( ! fees prescrib$ 9 ,rule #h1 or by any firm or p]son approv$ by ! ,sanit>y ,eng9e]4 7#c7 ,! ,sanit>y ,eng9e] %all1 9 all cases1 act z advis] ( ! local au?ority4 ,sid5ote3 ,submission ( sket*1 /atem5t & application4 ,sid5ote3 ,gov]nm5t ( ,bih> & ,orissa ,notification ,no4 #gfhb,m41 dat$ ! #h? ,july #aiac4 #b4 ,:5 ! sket* ( ! project has be5 drawn up "u ,rule #a1 & x is e/imat$ to co/ ,rs4 #aj1jjj or m1 or 9 ! case ( an e/imate ( less ?an ,rs4 #aj1jjj if ! f9ancial assi/ance ( ,gov]nm5t is desir$1 ! local au?ority %all submit x to ! ,sanit>y ,eng9e]1 :o %all make su* recomm5dations z he may ?9k fit4 ,aft] ! approval ( ! ,sanit>y ,eng9e] has be5 obta9$1 ! sket* project %all be submitt$ by ! local au?ority ?r\gh ! ,sanit>y ,bo>d to ! ,municipal ,dep>tm5t ( ,gov]nm5t1 toge!r ) a /atem5t :]e9 %all be %[n ! am\nt ( ! funds available to meet ! co/ ( ! project1 ei!r f curr5t rev5ue or by way ( loan or f any o!r s\rce4 ,9 ! case ( s*emes ! total e/imat$ co/ ( :i* is less ?an ,rs4 #aj1jjj1 n be+ "p ( a l>g] s*eme & = :i* f9ancial assi/ance f ,gov]nm5t is n requir$1 ! sanction ( ,gov]nm5t ne$ n be obta9$1 b if ! local au?orities s desire ! s*eme w be exam9$ by ! ,sanit>y ,eng9e]4 ,sid5ote3 ,conditions prec$5t to grant ( adm9i/rative approval4 #c4 ,9 ord] to obta9 adm9i/rative approval to ! execution ( ! project ! local au?ority %all satisfy ,gov]nm5t-- 7#a7 t ! co/ ( ma9t5ance ( ! project$ "w c be met by ! local au?ority f rev5ue2 7#b7 t any loan requir$ to meet ! co/ ( ! "w c be repaid1 toge!r ) ! int]e/ !reon1 )9 ! p]iod t may be prescrib$ by ! ,gov]nm5t2 & 7#c7 t ! "w c be done effectually 9 ! mann] & = ! co/ propos$4 ,sid5ote3 ,proc$ure aft] grant ( adm9i/rative approval4 ,prep>ation ( detail$ plans & e/imates4 #d4 ,:5 ! adm9i/rative approval ( ,gov]nm5t has be5 obta9$1 & 9 no case be=e1 ! local au?ority may arrange = ! prep>ation ( detail$ plans & e/imates1 & = ?is purpose may-- 7a7 cause ! plans & e/imates to be prep>$ by its own (fic]s or by an (fic] specially appo9t$ = ! purpose & apply to ! ,sanit>y ,eng9e] = assi/ance 9 ! selection & engagem5t ( surveyors to c>ry out ! "w2 or 7b7 apply to ! ,sanit>y ,bo>d = ! s]vices ( ! ,sanit>y ,eng9e]2 or 7c7 apply to ,gov]nm5t 9 ! ,public ,works ,dep>tm5t = ! s]vices ( _! (fic]2 or 7d7 apply to ! ,di/rict ,bo>d = ! s]vices ( ! ,di/rict ,eng9e]2 or 7e7 ) ! previ\s sanction ( ! ,sanit>y ,bo>d entru/ ! "w to a private firm ( e/abli%$ reputation4 ,9 cases ( 7a71 7c71 7d7 & 7e71 ! plans & e/imates :ile 9 c\rse ( prep>ation %all be subject to ! exam9ation & control ( ! ,sanit>y ,eng9e]4 ,sid5ote3 ,submission ( detail$ plans & e/imates to ,gov]nm5t ?r\gh ,sanit>y ,bo>d4 #e4 ,! plans & e/imates %all1 on completion1 be =w>d$ 9 duplicate1 to ! ,sanit>y ,bo>d1 toge!r ) a full report on ! f9ancial aspect ( ! s*eme & ! /ate ( public feel+ 9 reg>d to x1 &1 if a loan is requir$1 ) an application 9 ! prescrib$ =m4 ,9 ! case ( dra9age s*emes ! e/imates mu/ be submitt$ 9 ,sanit>y ,bo>d's =ms ,nos4 #ba & #bb1 copies ( :i* may be obta9$ f ! (fice ( ! ,sanit>y ,eng9e]1 & :5 ! s*eme has n be5 prep>$ 9 ! ,bo>d's ,(fice !y %all be accompani$ by full details ( ! calculations ( ! sizes & /r5g? ( ! v>i\s works1 & complete in=mation z to ! prices on :i* ! e/imates h be5 fram$4 ,! ,sanit>y ,bo>d1 aft] exam9+ ! plans1 e/imates1 report & application1 %all submit !m to ! ,municipal ,dep>tm5t ( ,gov]nm5t ) an expression ( _! op9ion on ! m]its ( ! s*eme z f9ally drawn up4 ,,con/ruction4 ,sid5ote3 ,conditions z to detail$ eng9e]+ sup]vision4 #f4 ,:]e ! co/ ( ! project$ "w is e/imat$ to am\nt to ,rs4 #aj1jjj or m an adequate provision = detail$ eng9e]+ sup]vision %all be a condition prec$5t to ! grant ( sanction by ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( special sanction to ! contr>y1 ! local au?ority %all agree to su* "o ( ! foll[+ conditions z may be consid]$ suitable 9 ea* case3-- 7a7 t ! "w %all be c>ri$ out by ! ,public ,works ,dep>tm5t if t ,dep>tm5t c und]take x3 9 su* cases an extra *>ge ( #ae p] c5t4 on ! sanction$ e/imates %all be made = sup]vision1 unless ! case is "o ( extraord9>y difficulty1 "u :i* circum/ances a high] *>ge may be impos$ "u ! ord]s ( ,gov]nm5t2 or 7b7 t arrangem5ts %all be made ) ! ,di/rict ,bo>d = ! c>ry+ out ( ! "w "u ! sup]vision ( ! ,di/rict ,eng9e] & 8 /aff2 or 7c7 t ! "w %all be c>ri$ out "u ! sup]vision ( an ,eng9e] qualifi$ = appo9tm5t z a ,di/rict ,eng9e] accord+ to ! rules "u ! ,local ,self-,gov]nm5t ,act ( #ahhe 7,b54 ,act ,,iii ( #ahhe7 specially employ$ = ! purpose2 or 7d7 t ! "w %all be c>ri$ out by private eng9e]+ firm ( e/abli%$ reputation3 ,provid$ t ! local au?ority %all n adv]tise = t5d]s or ent] into any contract or agreem5t = ! execution ( any works 9 connection ) s*emes or p>ts ( s*emes :i* h be5 sanction$ by ,gov]nm5t "u conditions 7b71 7c7 or 7d71 until ! specification & =m ( t5d] = su* contract h be5 exam9$ & approv$ by ! ,sanit>y ,eng9e]4 ,no t5d] or contract = any su* "w %all be accept$ until x has be5 submitt$ to ! ,sanit>y ,bo>d & !y h approv$ ! acceptance !re(2 ,& fur!r provid$ t :5 ! "w is c>ri$ out "u condition 7d71 x %all be sup]vis$ by an (fic] appo9t$ = ! purpose by ! local au?ority ) ! approval ( ! ,sanit>y ,bo>d1 & %all1 :ile 9 progress1 be p]iodically inspect$ by ! ,sanit>y ,eng9e]4 ,sid5ote3 ,report by local au?ority to ! ,commission] 9 case ( small works4 #g4 ,:]e ! e/imat$ co/ ( works am\nts to less ?an ,rs4 #aj1jjj1 ! local au?ority %all report1 = ! in=mation ( ! ,commission] ( ! ,division1 ! ag5cy by :i* x is propos$ to h ! works c>ri$ out1 & %all foll[ ! in/ructions issu$ by him 9 ! matt]4 ,,fees4 ,sid5ote3 ,b5gal ,gov]nm5t ,notification ,no4 #ccc,t4,m41 dat$ ! #bcrd ,may #aiaa4 #h4 ,! foll[+ fees %all be leviable by ! ,sanit>y ,bo>d f local au?orities = ! "w specifi$ aga9/ ea*3-- 7a7 a fee ( two p] c5t4 on ! e/imat$ co/ 7exclud+ co/ ( surveys7 ( all projects & s*emes1 = :i* detail$ e/imates & draw+s are prep>$ by ! ,sanit>y ,eng9e]2 7b7 a fee ( "o-half p] c5t4 on ! fir/ ,rs4 #bj1jjj & "o-qu>t] p] c5t4 ( ! balance ( ! e/imat$ co/ ( s*emes & projects1 ! detail$ plans & e/imates ( :i* are exam9$ by ! ,sanit>y ,eng9e]2 7c7 a fee ( two p] c5t4 on ! e/imat$ co/ ( ! works1 :5 contract1 draw+s1 specifications & =ms ( t5d] are prep>$ by ! ,sanit>y ,eng9e]3 ,provid$ t :5 bo? detail$ e/imates & draw+s & contract draw+s1 specifications & =ms ( t5d] are prep>$ by ! ,sanit>y ,eng9e]1 an inclusive fee %all be *>g$ ( ?ree p] c5t4 on ! e/imat$ co/ ( ! works4 ,sid5ote3 ,b5gal ,gov]nm5t ,notification ,no4 #hai,m41 dat$ ! #aj? ,april #aijh4 ,sid5ote3 ,gov]nm5t ( ,bih> & ,orissa ,notification ,no4 #gfhb,m41 dat$ ! #h? ,july #aiac4 #h;,a4 ,z soon z ! s]vices = :i* fees are leviable "u ! prec$+ rule are r5d]$1 ! ,sanit>y ,bo>d %all ?r\gh ! ,di/rict ,magi/rate1 dem& f ! local au?ority conc]n$ paym5t ( ! fees leviable !re=1 & ! ,magi/rate on receipt ( notice ( su* dem& %all recov] ! said fees & cr$it !m 9 ! local treasury 9 fav\r ( ! ,public ,works ,dep>tm5t & in=m ! ,acc\ntant-,g5]al1 ,bih> & ,orissa1 & ! ,exam9] ( ,local ,acc\nts1 ,bih> & ,orissa4 ,sid5ote3 ,b5gal ,gov]nm5t ,notification ,no4 #ccc,t4,m41 dat$ ! #bcrd ,may #aiaa4 #i4 ,:5 sket* projects are prep>$ by ! ,sanit>y ,eng9e]1 no *>ge w be made = 8 s]vices or ^? ( 8 assi/ants1 ,gov]nm5t surveyors1 draftsm51 & trac]s2 draw+ mat]ials & ! in/rum5ts requir$ = ! "w w also be provid$ at ,gov]nm5t exp5se4 ,b ! local au?orities w be requir$ to r5d] reasonable assi/ance on ! spot 9 ! way ( survey coolies1 supply ( survey pegs1 fix+ b5* m>ks1 etc41 & to pay ! actual co/ ( ! same4 ,!y w also be expect$ 9 ea* case to provide a suitable (fice prop]ly furni%$ = ! use ( ! surveyors & draftsm54 ,,app5dix ,g4 ,,muzaff>pur ,,di/rict4 ,,%iuh> ,,road ,no4 #be1 ,,class ,,ia ,,iia4 ,report1 ,bridges ,culv]ts4 ,numb] ( ,consecutive spans ,l9eal ,height ,squ>e ,numb]4 ,mileage4,description4 feet ( ( ,h4 feet ( l5g?wat]-way4,f4 ,l4 wat]-way4 ( ea*4 #a #c ,masonry #b #h #af #e #hj ,culv]t4 ,g5]al ,:5 condition ,are any ,consecutive,wid? (con/ruct$ ,dat$ ( urg5t ,numb]4 roadway4 or ar*$ :5 la/ ,bridges repairs ,,rem>ks4 ov]4 repair$4 or necess>y4 ,culv]ts4 #a #af ar*$ #ahhh-hi ,,app5dix ,h4 ,,corporation ,,( ,,calcutta4 ,specification & conditions = surfac+ roads ,mac,cabe's ,t>-,macadam4 ,,mat]ials4 #a4 ,mac,cabe's t>-mac consi/s ( #b in*es ,pakoor /one metal1 ,mac,cabe's pat5t bitum9\s b9d] ( ,gas ,co4's coal-t> & 8,/ag0 br& ,engli% coal pit* 9 ! proportion ( "o ( t> to ?ree ( pit* by weight1 ) /one *ipp+s & s& z top b9d]4 ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,! ,,f\ndation4 #b4 ,prior to resurfac+ an old /one road ) ! composition all irregul>ities 9 its surface1 gradi5ts or cr[-fall %\ld be correct$1 & special c>e tak5 to rectify defects1 if any1 9 all its dra9age & wat] adjuncts1 & also rem$y any weakness 9 ! f\ndation due to bad re/oration by ! road cutt+ ag5cies4 ,,rules ,,= ,,surfac+ ,,roads4 #c4 7i7 ,collect all necess>y a=esaid mat]ials includ+ tools & implem5ts = lay+ !m 9 situ4 7ii7 ,sket* out ! road area to be treat$ 9 conv5i5t sections4 7iii7 ,susp5d road wat]+ on ! previ\s day 9 ! section to be treat$ fir/ & b>ricade or f5ce x (f4 7iv7 ,?read out ! area to be treat$ ) ! pat5t composition1 z ?is w avoid fea!r edge 9 ! c5tre t>-mac jo9t4 7v7 ,=m sep>ate lab\r gangs =-- 7a7 ,weigh+1 mix+1 & heat+ pit* & t>--?ree m5 = ea* t>-heat+ boil] or cyl9d]4 7b7 ,g5]al clean+ & sweep+ ) r\gh c\ntry or ,engli% bass brooms1 & remov+ f9e du/ (f ! road surface be=e treatm5t by means ( s(t floor bru%4 7c7 ,c>ry+ pit* & t> composition 9 pails or buckets & lay+ x hot half in* ?ick on dry & clean road surface4 7d7 ,c>ry+ /one metal 9 cane baskets1 spread+ & h&-pack+ ! same c>efully to ! requir$ *amb]1 "o man = e ?ree feet ( road wid? to be s treat$4 ,,roll+4 #d4 ,! "w ( roll+ ! surface %\ld be comm5c$ z soon z a section ( ab\t #bj or #cj y>ds 9 l5g? has be5 laid1 ! metall+ gang be+ kept z busily employ$ z possible 9 lay+ a fur!r l5g? ( mat]ials 9 ! way specifi$ above4 ,! prep>$ road surface is to be roll$ ) a light six or t5-ton roll] :5 ! composition is s(t1 z x is absolutely necess>y to press ! aggregate g5tly d[n into ! bitum9\s sub-b9d]1 & at ! same "t to entice 7r ?an to =ce7 ! latt] 9 an upw>d direction1 s z to fill ! voids 9 ! metal & f9ally cov] ! metall$ surface4 ,"u no circum/ances %\ld ! roll+ be c>ri$ to su* a po9t t ! metal exhibits signs ( cru%+ or dis9tegration4 ,! roll] %\ld be driv5 ov] ! newly laid mat]ials at its l[e/ spe$ f ! side t[>ds ! c5tre & aft] a few j\rneys ov] ! surface if x is f\nd t ! sub-b9d] is n work+ up betwe5 ! voids 9 ! metal & does n cov] ! metal surface1 !n su* defective places h to be pa9t$ & ! :ole surface seal$ ) composition to prev5t ! admission ( moi/ure or ( any =eign sub/ance into ! road4 ,dur+ ! process ( consolidation /one *ipp+s at ! rate ( #d cubic feet p] hundr$ squ>e feet %\ld be us$ & especially :]e ! float$ composition is too s(t4 ,if x is f\nd t any mat]ial /icks to ! roll] :eels a little wat] spr9kl$ on ! :eels w at once /op ! /ick+4 ,! dry surface may be also s&$ if x becomes slipp]y = horses4 #e4 ,all mat]ials to be suppli$ mu/ be to ! satisfaction ( ! ,eng9e]4 ,inf]ior mat]ials suppli$ %all be reject$ & ! contractor mu/ make good su* supply )9 #bd h\rs4 ,9 default x %all be compet5t to ! ,eng9e] to procure a supply ( ! same at ! risk & co/ ( ! contractor f ! m>ket or any o!r ag5cy4 #f4 ,! contractor mu/ ma9ta9 ! roadway = ?ree mon?s aft] completion & keep m5 9 att5dance to promptly spread /one *ips & road du/ on ! s(t portions & nurse ! area cut up by ! traffic4 #g4 ,! contractor mu/ be c>eful n to injure exi/+ gas1 wat] or any o!r pipes or dra9s or o!r und]gr\nd fixtures4 ,any damage s caus$ mu/ be =?) report$ to ! ,di/rict ,eng9e]1 & ! contractor %all make good ! same =?) at 8 own co/ & %all indemnify & keep indemnifi$ ! ,corporation f all claims made !re=4 ,:5 necess>y he %all take up & c>efully relay dra9s & pipes & lay any additional l5g? t may be ord]$ by ! ,eng9e] at ! co/ ( ! ,corporation4 #h4 ,! contractor mu/ keep ! "w prop]ly f5c$ & light$ f sun-set to sun-rise1 & place su* wat*m5 at any portion ( ! road & footpa? 9 :i* ! "w is 9 progress & is /ill incomplete1 & also r\nd ! repair+ mat]ials = use1 z may be necess>y to protect ! public aga9/ accid5ts4 ,he %all indemnify & keep indemnifi$ ! ,corporation & its (fic]s & s]vants f all liability 9 respect ( any claims = damages or o!rwise to p]son or prop]ty :i* may be made by any p]son or p]sons on acc\nt ( any act1 misfeasance or neglect on ! "p ( ! contractor 9 c>ry+ on ! "w or 9 connection !re)4 #i4 ,! contract w be = f\r mon?s & ! contractors mu/ c>ry out all works 9 accordance ) ! full programme ( "w prep>$ by ! ,eng9e] & take 9 h& su* /reet or /reets z ! ,eng9e] may direct & complete ! same )9 su* p]iod z ! ,eng9e] may fix !re=4 ,9 default he %all pay to ! ,corporation liquidat$ or settl$ damages ( ,rs4 #aj 7t57 p] diem = ea* & e day beyond ! said p]iod )\t prejudice to ! rights ( ! ,*airman to cancel ! contract & take possession ( ! "w & h x c>ri$ on & complet$ at ! contractor's risk & co/ by any ag5cy :atev]4 #aj4 ,all damages or o!r sums due & payable by ! contractor may be receiv$ f any moneys due to ! contractor by ! ,corporation4 #aa4 ,paym5ts w be made 9 accordance ) ! t]ms ( ! agreem5t4 #ab4 ,! ,commission]s d n b9d !mselves to accept ! l[e/ or any t5d]1 b res]ve ! "r ( accept+ ! :ole or "p ( ! t5d]4 ,,index4 ,a ,allahabad ,%all[ ,tr5* ,sy/em1 #ci ,app5dix ,a1 ,model ,rules1 ,privies & ,ur9als1 #eg ---- ,b1 ,removal ( ,t[n ,sweep+s1 #fa ---- ,c1 ,well ,regi/]1 #fb ---- ,d1 ,build+ ,regulations1 #fc-fg ---- ,e1 ,table ,repaym5t ( ,loans1 #fh ---- ,f1 ,prep>ation ( projects1 #fi-gc ---- ,g1 ,annual ,bridge ,report ,=m1 #gd ---- ,h1 ,specification = ,t>-,macadam1 #ge-gg ,b ,bailey's ,pat5t ,latr9es & ,ur9als1 #bf ,b$s1 ,filt]1 #ea ,biological ,sy/em = ! ,disposal ( ,night-,soil1 #ej-ea ,burdwan ,tr5*+ ,gr\nd1 #cg ,build+ ,regulations1 #fc-fg ,burial-,gr\nds1 ,mahomm$an1 #ef ,c ,c>ts1 ,cons]vancy1 #cc ---- ,crawley's ,pat5t1 #cc ---- ,h&1 #cd ---- ,receptacle1 #cd ---- ,regi/]1 #de ---- ,refuse1 #dc ---- ,:eels & ,axles (1 #dd ,cesspools1 #ce ,collection & ,disposal ( ,refuse1 #de ,cremation ( ,dead ,bodies1 #ed ---- ,t[n ,refuse1 #de ,cultivation )9 ,urban ,limits1 #ec ,d ,dbris ( ,ru9$ ,h\ses1 #ef ,dead1 ,disposal ( !1 #ed ,dhobies' ,wat] = ,wa%+1 #ec ,dis9fectants1 #bi ,donaldson's ,sep>ation ,latr9e1 #bf ,dra9age1 ,flu%+1 #c ---- ,kut*a roadside1 #b ---- ,masonry1 #d ---- ,/orm-,wat]1 #d ,du/-,b9s1 #dc ,f ,filt] ,b$s1 #ea ---- ,sullage1 #ce ,flu%+ ,dra9s1 #c ,food-,supply ,m>kets1 #ed ,g ,ghats1 ,burn+1 #ed ---- ,dhobies'1 #ec ,gr\nds1 ,tr5*+1 #cg ,h ,h& c>ts = remov+ ,night-,soil1 #cd ,h>r+ton's ,inc9]ator1 #dg ,h\ses1 ,ru9$1 #ef ,i ,inc9]ators1 ,h>r+ton's1 #dg ---- ,sealkot1 #de ---- ,madras1 #de ,j ,jails1 ,muzaff>pur1 ,tr5*+ ,gr\nd1 #ch ,k ,kut*a ,road-side ,dra9s1 #b ,l ,latr9es1 #bf ---- ,bailey's ,pat5t1 #bf ---- ,donaldson's1 #bf ---- ,masonry1 #bf ---- ,model ,rules = ,privies & ,ur9als1 #eg ,m ,mahomm$an ,burial-,gr\nds1 #ef ,m>kets1 #ed ,masonry ,dra9s1 #d ,model ,rules = ,privies & ,latr9es1 #eg ,n ,new ,wells1 #i ,night-,soil1 ,biological ,sy/em ( ,disposal1 #ej ---- ,removal (1 #ca ---- ,tr5*+1 #cg ,o ,op5+s = ,v5tilation 9 ,latr9es1 #be ,p ,p]manganate ( ,potassium1 #h ,privies1 ,model ,rules =1 #fi ,pumps = ,wells1 #i ,r ,receptacle ,c>ts = ,remov+ ,night-,soil1 #cc ,refuse ,c>ts1 #dc ---- ,fill+ ,tanks )1 #di ---- ,inc9]ation (1 #de ---- ,removal (1 #db ,ru9$ ,h\ses1 #ef ,s ,sanitation1 ,g5]al1 #eb ,septic ,tanks1 #ej ,surface ,dra9age1 #b ---- ,kut*a ,dra9s1 #b ---- ,masonry ,dra9s1 #d ---- ( small ,roads1 #b ,sweep+s--,removal (--,=m =1 #fa ,t ,tanks1 ,septic1 #ej ---- ,wat]1 #f ,t>r+ ,latr9es1 ,disadvantages (1 #bi ,tr5*+ ,gr\nds1 ,allahabad ,sy/em1 #ci ---- ,area (1 #dj ---- ,crops on1 #ch ---- ,description ( bad ones1 #da ---- ,selection ( ,site =1 #cg ,trees1 ,prun+ (1 #eb ,tube ,wells1 #aj ,u ,urban ,limits1 ,cultivation )91 #eb ,ur9als1 ,c>t1 #bi ---- ,h9du ,patt]n1 #bi ,ut5sils1 ,wat] draw+1 f ,wells1 #aj ,v ,v5tilation ( ,latr9es1 #be ,w ,wat] draw+ ,ut5sils1 #bi ---- = ,dhobies1 #ec ---- ,supply f ,wells1 #aj ---- ,new ,wells1 #aj ---- ,tanks1 #ab ,wells1 ,rules = ,clean+ & ,repair+1 #g ---- ,regi/rations ( all1 #f ,well ,regi/] ,=m1 ,app5dix ,c1 #fb ,wells1 ,tube1 #aj ---- ,pumps =1 #ad ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,extracts ,,f ,,"s ,,op9ions ,,( ,,! ,,press4 ,! ,morn+ ,po/1 ,delhi4 8,a v useful little "w1 :i* e ,municipality 9 ,india ought at once to possess0 99 99 99 & is accurately describ$ by ! au?or z 8a concise h&book deal+ ) ! mo/ important po9ts ( sanitation ( ,indian ,baza>s10 & 8an endeav\r to put ! in=mation available on ! subject 9 a conv5i5t =m1 s z to facilitate ! organisation & control ! work+ ( ! ,sanit>y ,dep>tm5t ( a ,municipality40 ,f ! fir/ page to ! la/ !re is n a sup]flu\s ^w 9 ! manual4 ,! ,b5gal ,times4 8,a "w sadly ne$$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 & "o ev]ybody conc]n$ 9 sanitation1 especially if he be a m(ussil resid5t1 %\ld possess4 ,we %\ld ?9k ,m(ussil ,municipal ,commission]s & ,di/rict ,bo>d ,memb]s c\ld h>dly wi% = a bett] guide40 ,! ,pione]4 8,mr4 ,g4 ,w4 ,disney1 ,di/rict ,eng9e]1 ,muzaff>pur1 has j publi%$ an excell5t pamphlet on ,sanitation ( ,m(ussil ,baza>s1 9 :i* he deals ) _m problems ( urban sanitation 9 a brief b satisfactory mann]40 ,! ,indian ,daily ,news4 8,mr4 ,disney does n pret5d to d m ?an deal ) broad pr9ciples ( sanitation1 & puts ! in=mation available on ! subject 9 a conv5i5t =m1 s z to facilitate ! organization1 & control ! work+ ( ! ,sanit>y ,dep>tm5t ( a ,municipality4 ,?is1 we ?9k1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 ?irty-five pages ( c>efully compil$ in=mation he may fairly claim to h done40 ,! ,engli%man1 ,calcutta4 99 99 99 8,an admirable little "w4 ,x ought to be 9 ! h&s ( e ,municipal ,commission] & all ! local au?orities 9 ! small] t[ns4 ,mr4 ,disney /ates he is n writ+ = ! big ,municipalities1 :]e special conditions h to be dealt )4 ,at ! same "t ! little volume conta9s sugge/ions t ev5 ^? responsible = ! good gov]nm5t ( ,calcutta might read ) pr(it4 ,mr4 ,disney is especially /rong on ! necessity ( a good dra9age sy/em4 ,) reg>d to t[n sweep+s ! au?or is 9 fav\r ( inc9]ation40 ,civil & ,milit>y ,gazette4 8,?is is a v useful manual 99 99 99 ,! au?or does n lay d[n exp5sive & !re=e impracticable s*emes ( sewage disposal1 etc41 b r directs att5tion to ! possibility ( improv+ ! res\rces already at ! disposal ( local bodies4 ,he gives mu* useful in=mation & advice z to latr9es & ur9als1 ! collection & removal ( night-soil1 tr5*+ gr\nds1 disposal ( refuse1 surface wat] dra9age1 & s =?4 ,! book is illu/rat$ ) plans & draw+s40 ,! ,indian ,plant]s' ,gazette4 8,9 8 introduction ,mr4 ,disney truly says3--#8,! real secret ( ,sanitation is ! prompt removal ( fcal matt] & refuse f ! neighb\rhood ( inhabit$ build+s be=e x has "t to decay1 z 9 ! e>ly /ages ( putrefaction emanations are evolv$ :i* are highly dang]\s to heal?2 x is also an admitt$ fact t ! common fly is a consid]able factor 9 dissem9at+ disease1 z x conveys g]ms on ! pads ( its feet f infect$ matt] to ! food-supply ( ! inhabitants4' ,8 little bro*ure deals le>n$ly & s5sibly ) latr9es1 ur9als1 ! collection1 removal1 disposal & tr5*+ ( e description ( t[n refuse1 ) ! wat]-supply f wells1 & f9ally adds "s simple rules = obs]vance ( ! au?orities on ! break out ( plague on villages or small t[ns40 ,! ,b5gal ,times4 99 99 99 8,see+ !n h[ deplorably backw>d we are 9 m(ussil places1 di/rict1 t[n1 suburbs1 & c\ntry1 x seems to u we c h>dly d bett] ?an adopt ,mr4 ,disney's sy/em 9 ,b5gal di/ricts4 ,inde$1 :y %\ld ,gov]nm5t hesitate to buy up 8 fir/ edition ( ,sanitation ( ,m(ussil ,baza>s = gratuit\s di/ribution to all ,b5gal ,municipalities1 9 view to adopt+ 8 project 9 its entirety60 ,dh>am & ,k>am1 ,calcutta4 7,publi%$ 9 ,b5galee47 8,mr4 ,g4 ,w4 ,disney has writt5 a book on ,sanitation ( ,m(ussil ,baza>s4 ,!re are _m l>ge books on ! subject ( ,sanitation1 b 9 a %ort pamphlet ( #dj pages ,mr4 ,disney has treat$ ! subject-matt]1 giv+ useful rules & in/ructions 9 su* a brief & concise mann] t we h be5 pleas$ to p]use !m4 ,mr4 ,disney des]ves our ?anks = 8 e>ne/ sympa?y ) & ?\ght aft] ! inhabitants ( ! m(ussil t[ns & baza>s40 ,! ,indian ,m$ical ,gazette4 8,an excell5t little pamphlet on #8,! ,sanitation ( ,m(ussil ,baza>s1' has be5 rec5tly publi%$ by ,mr4 ,g4 ,w4 ,disney4 ,a concise h&book ( ?is k9d 0 c]ta9ly ne$$1 & ?is %\ld be ( great value to ! ,heal? ,(fic]1 ! ,eng9e] & ! ,*airman ( ,local ,bo>ds & ,municipalities4 8,! fir/ *apt] deals ) latr9es & ur9als1 & h[ s\nd ,mr4 ,disney's views are may be und]/ood f ! foll[+ extract f ! preface3-- #8,! real secret ( sanitation is ! prompt removal ( fcal matt] & refuse f ! neighb\rhood ( inhabit$ build+s be=e x has "t to decay1 z 9 ! e>ly /age ( putrefaction emanations are evolv$ :i* are dang]\s to heal?2 x is also an admitt$ fact t ! common fly is a consid]able factor 9 dissem9at+ disease z x conveys g]ms on ! pads ( its feet f infect$ matt] to ! food-supply ( ! inhabitants4' 8,! :ole little volume is em95tly practical2 x is well pr9t$1 fully illu/rat$1 & c be /rongly recomm5d$ to our read]s :o w f9d _m h9ts ( use to !m 9 _! capacity z ,heal? ,(fic]s4 ,our only fault ) ! little book is t x is too %ort4 ,x might well h be5 exp&$40 ,! ,indian ,municipal ,j\rnal & ,sanit>y ,record1 ,bombay4 99 99 99 8,! au?or does n bran* out into any />tl+ !ories2 8 "w is m a h&book = ^? ^: bus9ess embraces any matt] connect$ ) public cleanl9ess1 & ^! w f9d t "o ( ! mo/ useful features ( ! book is ! in=mation conc]n+ ! mak]s & ! price ( e sanit>y appliance m5tion$4 ,?is w be f\nd v h&y by small municipalities :o h "h a reasonable /&>d ( co/ t w enable !m to adju/ _! exp5diture mu* m rapidly & avoid ! useless tr\ble & delay ( s5d+ out = t5d]s--a sy/em n always satisfactory to ! pur*as+ body1 & always tr\blesome to ! tradesman4 ,mr4 ,disney v s5sibly advises a wide di/ribution ( small latr9es r ?an ! con/ruction ( a few big ones--x be+ obvi\s t ! g5]al population w n walk f> = ! sake ( cleanl9ess & dec5cy4 ,mr4 ,disney prea*es ! doctr9e ( #8little & (t5' 9 ! removal ( wa/e matt]1 & x is a po9t 9 :i* e ,indian sanit>ian w agree ) him40 8,true to 8 !ories1 ,mr4 ,disney deals ) dra9age be=e wat]-supply4 ,8 recomm5dations t ! wat] %\ld be pump$ f wells & deliv]$ at "s di/ance f ! well-m\? are p>ticul>ly s\nd1 = !re is no m fruitful s\rce ( contam9ation ?an ! p]colation into ! well ( dirty wat] us$ = wa%+ 9 its imm$iate vic9ity40 99 99 99 8,altoge!r1 ,mr4 ,disney's book is an indication ( ! progressive t5d5cy ( sanitation 9 ,india--x repres5ts good "w done1 & w enc\rage ! do+ ( m4 ,x is sure to f9d a h&y place on ! desk ( municipal secret>ies & small t[n au?orities40 ,extract f lett] f ! ,inspector-,g5]al ( ,jails1 ,b5gal1 ,july #h?1 #aijb4 8,i h j got y\r little book on m(ussil sanitation4 99 99 99 ,x is altoge!r admirable1 & ,i am /rongly recomm5d+ x4 ,x might well h be5 long]40 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes #a4 ,sil5tly correct$ typographical errors & v>iations 9 spell+4 #b4 ,ar*aic1 non-/&>d1 & unc]ta9 spell+s reta9$ z pr9t$4 #c4 ,enclos$ italics font 9 und]scores4