,transcrib$ f ! #ahce ,william ,c>son   
edition by ,david ,price1 email         
ccx#jgdpglaf4org                        
,picture3 ,pamphlet cov]                
,,reasons ,,= ,,leav+                   
,,!                               ,,*ur*
 ,,( ,,rome4                            
,,by ,,!                                
,,rev4 ,l4 ,j4 ,,nolan1                 
,,( ,,! ,,diocese ,,( ,,mea?3           
,,lately                           ,a   
,,roman ,,ca?olic ,,cl]gyman1           
,,b ,,n[                            ,,( 
,,! ,,e/abli%$ ,,*ur*4                  
99 99 99 99 99                          
,,dubl93                                
,,publi%$ ,,by                          
,,william ,,c>son1 #ib1                 
,,grafton-,,/reet2                      
,,& ,,sold ,,by ,,messrs4          ,r4  
,m4 ,,tims2 ,,william ,,curry1 ,,jun4   
,,co42 ,j4 ,,rob]tson  ,,co2            
,j4 ,,burnside2 ,,grant ,,& ,,bolton1   
,j4 ,,bol/]1 ,,cork2 ,g4 ,,philipps1 ,,&
 ,,wm4 ,m#8,,comb1 ,,belfa/2            

,j4 ,,nisbet1 ,,london2 ,,waugh ,,&     
,,innis1 ,,ed9burgh4                    
,m4,,dccc4,,xxxv4                       
99 99 99 99 99          ,,d$ication4    
,,to ,,sir ,,george ,,ri*4    ,,my ,,de>
 ,,sir ,,george1    ,,y\r zeal 9 ! cause
 ( religion1 y\r accompli%m5ts z a      
p]fect  ,g5tleman1 & y\r virtues z a    
true ,*ri/ian1 induce me to d$icate to  
y ! foll[+ av[al ( my religi\s op9ions4 
,?\gh y\r high  e/imation z to public "*
 %\ld dem& f me a less famili>  tone (  
language 9 address+ y1 /ill ! ?\ghts (  
y\r pa/  k9dness1 9 ! h\rs ( my worldly 
ab&onm5t1 bid me lay aside ^?           
expressions :i* a m =mal etiquette might
 require1 & address y  n[ z ,i w\ld a   
true1 a s9c]e1 b mo/ honor$ & respect$  
fri5d4  ,z ,i h receiv$ no special favor
 f y1 b ! ord9>y  manife/ation ( y\r    
k9dness2 & z ,i expect no m ?an y\r     
cont9uance ( su* civility1 ,i hope y w n
 look ^u ^? words  z ! result (         
adulation1 nor ! public consid] !m z !  
language  ( hypocrisy2 = adulation nev] 

b5ds )\t "s int5d$ object1 nor  does    
hypocrisy ev] act )\t "s hope (         
comp5sation4    ,i w\ld wi% t ^!        
d$icatory l9es %\ld be also expressive (
 my  gratitude = ! k9dness ( my lately  
acquir$ fri5ds4  ,! w>m? (  my feel+s   
urges me on to a public recital ( _!    
names1 b a m  cool reflection dictates  
to me at ! same "t ! propriety ( _!     
sil5ce4  ,! useful in/ructions !y h     
imp>t$--! dome/ic  happ9ess ( :i* !y _h 
(t5 made me a p>tak]1 & ! evid5t        
anxiety !y h display$ 9 contribut+ to my
 et]nal int]e/s1 h  made impressions on 
my m9d :i* %all nev] be oblit]at$4    ,!
 pr(f]$ lib]ality ( o!rs ,i %all nev]   
=get--,i mean ^?1  :o1 :5 imag9+ me 9 a 
/ate ( pecuni>y emb>rassm5t1 h made  me 
a t5d] ( _! purses4  ,b let n my refusal
 on su* occasions  bespeak a want (     
humility on my "p2 b r let x be         
attribut$ to  ! sugge/ions ( t pr9ciple1
 :i* told me1 t x is religion1  & n     
emolum5t1 :i* %\ld con/itute ! *ief     
object ( my *ange4    ,:ile to y1 ,sir  

,george1 & my o!r lately acquir$ fri5ds1
 ,i (f]  ! w>me/ ackn[l$gem5t ( my      
gratitude1 ,i look ) pity1 at !  same   
"t1 ^u ^? :o are ! m]e nom9al pr(essors 
( our  fai?--^? :o c\rt "o's fri5d%ip :5
 !y imag9e t ei!r 8  "n or 8 pres5ce    
w\ld be an addition to _! unm]it$       
popul>ity2  b :o w\ld aft]w>ds reject 8 
int]c\rse1 = no o!r cause ?an  t (      
becom+ a consci5ti\s memb] ( _!         
religion4  ,su* nom9al  adhesion to our 
fai? is sometimes worse 9 its acts ?an !
 mo/ av[$  ho/ility to our cre$4    ,i  
met ) "o or two o!rs1 ^: elevat$ rank 9 
life might po9t to  a m di/+ui%$ c\rse 9
 religion1 & ^: conduct to me w\ld  af=d
 a suffici5t subject = compla9t2 b z my 
int5d$ pamphlet is  dive/$ ( any        
insidi\s ref]5ce1 ?is d$ication mu/ be  
also fre$  f unbecom+ p]sonalities4     
,let1 h[ev]1 su* individuals reflect  t1
 %\ld ,i refra9 f ! foll[+ av[al ( my   
s5tim5ts1 !  res\rces ( a respectable   
relation%ip w\ld furni% me ) ! means  ( 
indep5d5t subsi/5ce4  ,b ! advancem5t ( 

religion is my  object--consci5ce mu/ be
 my director--= emolum5t is n my !me4   
,%\ld any portion ( ! foll[+ pages be   
consid]$ z c\*$ 9 !  language ( ei!r    
abuse or misrepres5tation1 let ! fault  
be ascrib$  n to ! int5tion1 b to !     
unconsci\sness ( ! writ]2 = ,i  h nev]  
look$ ^u scurrility z pro(1 nor         
misrepres5tation z  argum5t4  ,! "o     
prejudices individuals aga9/ ! writ]1   
:ile !  o!r s]ves only to confirm ^?    
errors :i* a mi/ak5 zeal might be       
anxi\s to correct4    ,9 pursu+ ^?      
?\ghts ,i f9d ,i h exce$$ ! usual limits
 ( a  d$ication2 h[ev]1 ,i tru/ t !     
matt] ,i _h to convey w s]ve  z an      
apology bo? to ! public & to y1 my de>  
,sir ,george1 f                         
,y\r mo/ ob$i5t &                       
,ev] grateful1                          
,l4 ,j4 ,,nolan4    ,dubl91 #ad?        
,febru>y1 #ahce4          ,,to ,,!      
,,roman ,,ca?olics ,,( ,,irel&4         
8,s z mu* z 9 me is ,i am ready to prea*
 ! ,gospel to y t      are at ,rome     

also4  ,= ,i am n a%am$ ( ! ,gospel (   
,*ri/2 =      x is ! p[] ( ,god unto    
salvation to e "o t                     
believe?40--,,rom4 i4 #ae-af4    ,,my   
,,de> ,,roman ,,ca?olic ,,fri5ds1       
,,"s mon?s h n[ elaps$ s9ce my sep>ation
 f y\r community4  ,! pa/ delicacy ( my 
heal?--! ?\ghts ( ! important duty ,i h 
h]eaft] to dis*>ge1 & a consid]ation (  
its awful responsibility1  h oblig$ me  
to def] until n[ ! foll[+ op5 av[al ( my
  religi\s op9ions4  ,b my *ange 9 life 
has n dim9i%$ my ard\r  = y\r spiritual 
int]e/s2 on ! contr>y1 my desires = y\r 
et]nal salvation h increas$4  ,y\r pa/  
k9dness has a p>ticul>  claim ^u my     
gratitude1 & highly undes]v+ %\ld ,i be 
9 ! eyes  ( ! public1 7 ,i to rema9     
unm9dful ( y\r g5]osity4  ,yes1 ,i  w   
ass]t )\t any fe> ( contradiction1 t !re
 is no ,roman  ,ca?olic ,cl]gyman 9     
,irel& c\ld boa/ ( m acts ( att5tion f  
a p1 ?an ,i h exp]i5c$ f y\r h&s 9 !    
dis*>ge ( my  cl]ical duties4  ,y\r     
actions _h ev] correspond$ ) ! pr(ession

  ( y\r k9dness t[>ds me1 & y\r         
lib]ality _h always /amp$ !  m>k ( y\r  
approbation ^u my conduct 9 life4  ,b ,i
 hope y w d  me ! ju/ice 9 say+1 t ,i h 
nev] deviat$ f ! pa? (  honor to cat* ! 
air ( a fleet+ popul>ity4  ,well !n1 my 
de>  fri5ds1 all[ me to submit a few    
humble que/ions 9 ! language (  s9c]ity 
to y\r mo/ s]i\s consid]ation4  ,b be=e 
,i d s1 d y  ?r[ aside y\r              
prejudices--ca/ (f ^? ?\ghts :i* unf\nd$
  calumnies might sugge/ to y\r m9ds--& 
!n1 z is m5tion$ 9  ,isaiah1 8,come n[1 
& let u reason toge!r40 ,isa4 i4 #ah4   
,:y h ,i  left ! circles ( y\r tri$     
fri5d%ip1 = ! unc]ta9ties ( yet  d\btful
 acqua9tances8  ,:y h ,i b>t]$ ! smiles 
= ! insult+  sne]s ( y a once atta*$ p8 
,:y ex*ange ! sc5es ( worldly  ease1 (  
worldly com=t1 & worldly indep5d5ce1 = !
 /ruggles (  a m ardu\s duty8  ,are y n 
aw>e1 t 7 ,i to b5d ! knee (  hypocrisy 
b5ea? ! mitr$ head ( ,roman ,episcopal  
jurisdiction1 &  submit to ^? doctr9es  
:i* ,roman cr$ulity w\ld impose1 !re is 

n "o ^: prospects w\ld be m realis$1 or 
^: indep5d5ce  m secure8  ,:y h ,i      
retir$ f ! pamp]$ sanctu>y ( y\r  weal?y
 *ur*1 to look = %elt] b5ea? !          
p]secution ( an  insult$ religion8  ,:y 
h ,i made su* an ex*ange 9 life8  ,oh1  
my  fri5ds1 ,i w tell y4  ,x is because 
,i h a poor s\l to save1 &  feel conv9c$
 t its salvation c\ld n be acquir$ by   
cont9u+ 9  ! "* ( a ,roman ,cl]gyman4   
,x is because ,i h made a solemn        
promise on b5d$ knees1 & h call$ ^u !   
heav5s to atte/ !  s9c]ity ( my words1 t
 ,i w\ld no long] act "u ! g>b (        
hypocrisy4  ,x is because1 ?r[+ all     
worldly conc]ns out ( my view1  & bani%+
 all ?\ghts ( a temporis+ necessity f my
 m9d1 ,i  h at l5g? accept$ ( ! k9d     
invitation ( ,jesus1 say+1 8,come  out f
 among !m & be ye sep>ate--& ,i w       
receive y1 & be a  ,fa!r unto y40 #b    
,cor4 vi4 #ag1 #ah4    ,9 adopt+ my     
pres5t *ange 9 life1 ,i anticipate1 m or
 less1 !  difficulties ,i h to          
enc\nt]--! tr\bles ,i h to ov]come1 & ! 

sacrifices ,i mu/ naturally make on !   
pres5t try+ occasion4  ,!  fri5ds ( my  
pa/ life--! companions ( o!r days1 & !  
acqua9tances ( my m mature ye>s1 h      
ab&on$ me4  ,! v  relations :o wat*$ ov]
 my infant ye>s--:o l$ me by ! h& f  !  
cradle ( y\? into ! maturity ( life1 h  
also =sak5 me2 b  ,heav51 ,i tru/1 has n
 done s--,god1 ,i tru/1 w be my         
protector2 &  8if ,god be = u1 :o c be  
aga9/ u80 ,rom4 viii4 #ca4  ,oh1 my     
fri5ds1 let p]sons pause be=e !y        
condemn--let tru? take ! place  (       
falsehood--let reason b act z !         
sub/itute = prejudice--& !n  ,i w ask ! 
c&id m9d ! important "q1 8%\ld ,i rema9 
"u  a conviction ( my error80  ,%\ld ,i1
 = a m]e tempor>y gratification1  b>t]  
an et]nal good8  ,%\ld ,i1 = m]ely      
m9i/]+ to ! wi%es  ( fri5ds & relations1
 damn ?is s\l :i* is de/9$ =            
immortality8  ,oh1 my fri5ds1 consid]   
me1 :5 9 ! "* ( !  ,roman ,prie/hood1 & 
,i w aga9 put ! important "q1 8%\ld ,i  
rema9 any long] "u a conviction ( my    

error80  ,?9k ( me1 go+  f ! sanctu>y to
 ! alt>1 clo!d 9 ! prie/ly ve/--a ve/   
:i* ,i consid]$ z a m]e p>ade (         
ecclesia/ical pomp4  ,consid] me  !n z  
be+ look$ ^u z ! m$ium ( propitiation   
betwe5 !  liv+ & ! dead--betwe5 heav5 & 
e>?--betwe5 man & 8 ,creator1  & (f]+ up
 :at 0 consid]$ z a sacrifice (         
propitiation by  "s1 b :at 0 believ$ to 
be only a figure or memorial by me t    
(f]$ on ! occasion2 w\ld ,i n des]ve to 
be damn$--%all ,i repeat  ! unsanctifi$ 
expression--w\ld ,i n des]ve to be damn$
 = ev]1  %\ld ,i cont9ue any long] b5d+ 
! knee ( hypocrisy b5ea? !  alt> (      
dissimulation8  ,yes1 & = hav+ cont9u$ s
 long "u a  conviction ( my error1 ,i n[
 mo/ humbly implore =giv5ess1 = ,i  %\ld
 h long s9ce act$ 9 correspond5ce ) !   
words ( our  ,savi\r--8,= :at %all x    
pr(it a man if he %all ga9 ! :ole _w1  &
 lose 8 own s\l8--or :at %all a man give
 9 ex*ange = 8  s\l80 ,m>k viii4 #cf-cg4
    ,p]haps x w\ld be ass]t$ by "s1 t my
 pres5t *ange is !  effect ( ! mom5t--t 

x orig9ates f :im or caprice1 & is n  ! 
result ( coolness & reflection4  ,b1 my 
fri5ds1 ! mon?s t  h pass$ by s9ce !    
fir/ op5 av[al ( my s5tim5ts to my !n   
,roman ,ca?olic ,bi%op1 9 ! pres5ce (   
ano!r ,roman ,ca?olic  ,cl]gyman1 w\ld  
s]ve z an answ] to su* accusations2 :ile
 my writt5  z well z p]sonal            
communications ^u ?is subject1 ) ! truly
  pi\s & ,prote/ant ,rector (           
,ca/let[ndelv91 long previ\s to !  op5  
ann\ncem5t ( my s5tim5ts to my bi%op1   
mu/ falsify !  ass]tion1 t 8?is *ange is
 ! result ( ! mom5t40  ,all[ me also  to
 tell y1 t ,i h m5tion$ my pa/ d\bts1 n 
only mon?s1 b  ye>s ago1 to a ne>       
relation1 :o summ$ up _m a plausible    
argum5t to  dissuade me f t c\rse1 :i*1 
,i tru/1 "u ! guidance (  heav5 ,i h n[ 
adopt$3 & :at is m1 9 compliance ) !    
reque/ ( my late fri5ds1 ,i h gone to "s
 ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$  memb]s ( ! ,roman    
religion1 to expla9 to !m my d\bts2 b _!
  my/ifi$ evasions ^u pla9 & evid5t     
tru?s1 h only t5d$ to  confirm me 9 !   

conviction ( _! errors4    ,oh1 my      
fri5ds1 my pres5t *ange is n ! effect ( 
! mom5t1 b x  is ! effect ( a m9d t has 
ov]come an almo/ inv9cible  prejudice--a
 prejudice t grew up ) my y\?ful days--t
 accompani$  my m mature ye>s1 & _h     
ne>ly int]wov5 itself ar\nd ! future    
de/9ies ( my s\l4  ,x is ! effect ( a   
m9d t has tak5  imp>tiality = its guide1
 & look$ ^u tru? z ! sole object (  its 
ambition--a m9d t has rum9at$ day &     
night ^u !  subject--t has view$ bo?    
sides ( ! "q coolly1 att5tively1  & ,i  
tru/ religi\sly1 & has n[ come to ?is   
det]m9ation1 :i* is  f\nd$ on a         
consci\sness ( its rectitude4  ,dur+ ^? 
h\rs (  d>kness1 :5 8sleep falle? ^u    
man0--:5 o!rs 7 tak+ t  repose to :i* ! 
sil5ce ( ! night or exhau/$ nature might
 invite  !m--,i tru/ x is n too mu* !   
language ( egotism = me to say1  t dur+ 
! sil5t h\rs1 :5 ?9k+ ( my pres5t *ange1
 ,i _h  (t5 b$ew$ ! nightly pill[ ) !   
te>s ( affliction--8my  eye-lids _h gr[n
 dim ) grief0--my nights 7 turn$ into   

day because  ( my wat*+--& ,i c\ld f9d  
no re/ until ,i obey$ ! advice ( !      
,psalmi/1 say+1 8,to-day if yon w he> 8 
voice--h>d5 n y\r  he>ts40  ,psalm xcv4 
#g-h4    ,!re 0 a p]iod ( "t :i* does n 
require mu* aid f memory to  br+ to y\r 
recollection1 :5 political turmoil _h   
diffus$ itself  ov] ! face ( ?is        
c\ntry--:5 ! feel+s ( *>ity seem$ m or  
less susp5d$1 & viol5ce ( language 0    
frequ5tly resort$ to z  ! sure/ mode (  
pleas+--a "t :5 a /ate ( indiff]5ce 0   
look$ on z highly crim9al1 & :51 ev5    
p]sons 9 ! sac]dotal  "*1 _h sometimes  
rec\rse to political h>angues1 z a dige/
 =  religi\s in/ruction f ! alt>4  ,at t
 "t _m ?r\gh motives1  p]haps1 (        
ambition--o!rs ?r\gh a desire ( va9     
glory--:ile "s  ?r\gh a conviction ( its
 utility1 engag$ 9 ! political /ruggles 
( ! day2 & ?\gh x may be pa9ful to my   
feel+s to adv]t to su*  a p]iod1 /ill ,i
 feel b\nd to ackn[l$ge1 t a mi/ak5 zeal
 =  religion1 unaccompani$ ) ! exp]i5ce 
( wis] days1 urg$ me on z  no idle      

spectator ( ! sc5e4  ,b1 bless$ be ,god 
= all ?+s--:5  my m9d turn$ ^u ! s]i\s  
"q ( religion--:5 ,i look$ ^u  ! book ( 
,god z ! sole /&>d ( my fai?--:5 ,i     
began to view1  ?r\gh ! m$ium (         
imp>tiality1 ! important subject ( my   
et]nal  salvation1 my m9d became ! m    
enl>g$1 & my ?\ghts ! m  exp&$ by !     
occurr5ce4  ,d\bt foll[$ d\bt--my       
prejudices began to  vani% b5ea? !      
sun%9e ( a m lib]al k--! elem5ts (      
d>kness became at l5g? sup]s$$ by !     
glori\s pr9ciples (  un]r+ light--:ile !
 effulg5ce ( t religion1 :i* ,i _h s    
(t5 misrepres5t$ ?r\gh life1 pi]c$ ?r\gh
 ! my/ic veil1 9  :i* my m9d 0 envelop$1
 leav+ me ! consolation ^u ?is day (    
be+ address$ by my ,prote/ant bre?r5 9 !
 language ( !  ,apo/le--8,t he :i*      
p]secut$ u 9 times pa/1 n[ prea*e? !    
fai? :i* once he de/roy$40 ,gal4 i4 #bc4
    ,!re are "s1 p]haps1 :o1 if simil>ly
 situat$ z ,i am1 w\ld pref]  ! private 
mom5t to ! public h\r = mak+ an op5     
av[al ( _!  s5tim5ts2 b ,i h consid]$ x 

to be ! imp]ative1 !  indisp5sable duty 
( a true conv]t 9 ,jesus1 to act 9      
con=mity )  ! advice ( ! ,scriptures1   
8by rais+ 8 voice l a trumpet to  /r5g!n
 8 bre?r51 & to %ew ! p _! errors40     
,yes2 &  ?\gh ! opprobri\s epi!ts (     
8r5egade to ! religion ( my y\?1  &     
apo/ate f ! fai? ( my fa!rs10 may be    
annex$ to my pres5t  conviction ( s\l1  
/ill1 z ,/4 ,paul glori$ 9 ! titles (   
fool1  madman1 & apo/ate1 ) :i*         
disbelief upbraid$ him on 8  conv]sion  
to ,*ri/ianity1 s %all ,i glory 9 simil>
 appellations1  8= ,i am n a%am$ ( !    
,gospel ( ,*ri/40    ,i "k1 my fri5ds1 t
 among y\r community !re are ,roman     
,ca?olic  ,cl]gym5 :o possess ! same    
conviction ( s\l t ,i d1 z to !  errors 
( y\r religion2 b ! worldly             
consid]ations ( pres5t ease  &          
anticipat$ tr\bles1 prev5t _! due       
ex]cise ( consci5ce4  ,!  unm]it$ epi!t 
( apo/acy al>ms !m--! ?\ghts ( sep>at+ f
  worldly com=ts1 f pres5t fri5ds &     
relations1 /rike horror into  _! s\ls--&

 ?us x is t ^? c>es ( pass+ life sup]s$e
 !  conc]ns ( _! et]nal welf>e4--,b w !y
 g to ! tomb ) !  consci\sness ( su*    
errors z _! accompanim5t8--& = ^?       
transitory objects w !y de/roy t s\l :i*
 is to be ! heir (  immortality8  ,oh6  
let !m come =?4  ,t h& :i* provide? food
  = ! rav5s ( ! air1 w also provide = u1
 & ,god w be our  def5ce--8= ,god is a  
%ield to ^? t put _! tru/ 9 him40    ,my
 fri5ds1 _m ( y ask ea* o!r1 h[ is x    
possible t ! ,rev4  ,mr4 ,nolan1 :o has 
sp5t s _m ye>s at 8 academical &        
collegiate  c\rse1 & ^u ^: education s  
mu* money & pa9s _h be5  exp5d$1 %\ld   
only n[ become a conv]t to ! ,prote/ant 
religion8  ,?is is a g5]al "q among y   
all4  ,x 0 propos$ to me a few  days ago
 at an hotel 9 ,dubl91 by a respectable 
,roman ,ca?olic1 "o (  ! v few1 ( t     
p]suasion1 t has conv]s$ ) me s9ce my   
*ange f ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4  ,b ! answ] to 
su* a "q is  obvi\s4  ,! human m9d 9 ?is
 in/ance may be comp>$ to ! human  body2
 = z x advances 9 ye>s1 x increases 9   

/r5g?2 s t "s  ( ^! doctr9es :i* 7 s    
c>efully inculcat$ dur+ ! "t (  y\?1 may
 aft]w>ds1 :5 plac$ be=e ! te/ ( wis]   
days &  bett] exp]i5ce1 appe> 9 all !   
inconsi/5cy ( _! =mation4    ,take a    
%ort view ( ! life ( an individual :o   
may be de/9$ f  8 infancy to dis*>ge !  
prie/ly functions1 & y\r surprise _c  be
 excit$ at my def]r+ my conv]sion ?us   
long4  ,sc>cely is !  infant tongue =m$ 
to expression1 :5 x is taught to        
pron\nce !  names ( ! ,roman doctr9es2 &
 sc>cely is ! developem5t ( !  human m9d
 discov]$1 :5 ! pr9ciples ( ^! doctr9es 
are mo/  c>efully introduc$2 & !n1 l !  
"y ,scion ( ! l&1 or !  t5d] fl[] ( !   
field1 ! y\?ful m9d becomes susceptible 
( !  fir/ impression4  ,! anxi\s wat*+s 
( affectionate b misguid$  p>5ts2 !     
successful examples ( employ$ att5dants1
 & ! well  paid s]vices ( wily or delud$
 in/ructors1 all comb9e 9 confirm+  ^?  
op9ions :i* error _h implant$4  ,!      
individual ent]s ^u 8  academical c\rse4
  ,!re 8 m9d1 z to ,scriptural k1 is    

sc>cely enl>g$ by ! *ange2 =1 if he he>s
 ( any ref]5ce to !  book ( life1 x is  
only = a p>tial selection ( b>e &       
isolat$  texts1 t may be calculat$ to   
uphold ! memb]s ( "o religion1 &        
misrepres5t ! abettors ( ano!r4  ,?us   
envelop$ 9 unscriptural  d>kness1 !     
individual ent]s into ! collegiate      
dep>tm5t z !  la/ prep>ation = 8        
mission>y labors4  ,b "h1 also1 !       
advantages ( ,scriptural k become       
p>tially contract$2 = t  "t :i* %\ld be 
occupi$ 9 se>*+ ! ^w ( ,god1 is ne>ly   
engross$ ) :at are call$ ! quibbles ( a 
moral !ology4  ,su*1  my fri5ds1 y "k to
 be ! description ( him ^: means w\ld   
all[  a simil> prep>ation = ! prie/hood2
 & z su* x is p]fectly  applicable to   
him :o is ! writ] ( ^! l9es4  ,su* 7 !  
difficulties ,i _h to enc\nt]--su* 7 !  
prejudices ,i _h to  combat--& su* mu/  
be my apology = ! def]r+ ( my conv]sion 
^? ye>s back4  ,x 0 only :5 plac+ my h& 
on ! ,bible1 &  say+ t its cont5ts %\ld 
=m ! gr\nd-"w ( my fai?1 !  bulw>k ( my 

salvation2 x 0 only !n ! _s ( ,god _h   
ent]$  into my he>t1 giv+ me bo? !      
und]/&+ to p]ceive1 & !  c\rage to      
ackn[l$ge my error4  ,may ! same _s     
guide y into a  simil> p]ception ( y\r  
errors1 & a simil> fe>lessness z to _!  
ackn[l$gem5t4        ,,second ,,"p4     
,hav+ m5tion$1 my fri5ds1 9 ! prec$+ "p 
( ?is pamphlet !  k9dness y _h always   
ex]cis$ t[>ds me--! worldly com=ts ,i   
c\ld  enjoy by rema9+ 9 y\r *ur*1 & !   
difficulties ,i mu/ n[  enc\nt] by      
sep>at+ f y\r communion1 ,i w submit to 
y 9 !  two subsequ5t p>ts ( my pamphlet1
 "s ( ! reasons t h  influ5c$ my conduct
 ^u s important a *ange 9 life4  ,i w n 
dwell1 h[ev]1 ^u ^? doctr9es1 ) :i*1 f  
y\r want (  ,scriptural k1 y are b      
little acqua9t$3 & ?\gh ,i d n  n[ deta9
 y on ! doctr9e ( ,ju/ification by      
,fai?1 /ill y mu/  admit1 z ! ,apo/le   
says1 8t )\t fai? x is impossible to    
please ,god40  ,!re=e no act ( ours c be
 consid]$ z good or  acceptable 9 !     
sight ( ,god1 except fai? be its        

f\ndation4  ,aga91  no matt] h[ good or 
acceptable ^? works may be 9 ! sight (  
,god1  /ill !y _c be said to m]it       
salvation2 = x is m5tion$ 9 !  #b;d *ap4
 #h? & #i? v]ses ( ! ,ephesians--8,by   
grace are y sav$  ?r\gh fai?1 & t n (   
y\rselves1 x is ! gift ( ,god1 n (      
works1 le/ any man %\ld boa/20 & !re=e x
 is n accord+ to  our own m]its1 b ?r\gh
 ! m]its ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 t salvation  c 
be acquir$4  ,b1 my fri5ds1 ?is does n  
exclude ! necessity (  good works ^u our
 "p1 = our good works mu/ be con=mable  
to our  fai? 9 ,*ri/1 ( :i* !y are !    
ext]nal evid5ce4    ,i w n dwell ei!r1  
^u ! doctr9e ( ,infallibility1 s falsely
  claim$ by ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 z x w\ld   
require m ?an ! compass  ( ?is pamphlet 
w\ld all[1 to make its "n ev5           
intelligible to mo/  ( y2 al?\gh ,i     
might briefly h9t at ! wild supposition 
( a few  fallible be+s meet+ toge!r &   
con/itut+ an infallibility2 z  mu* z to 
say1 t a comp\nd ( any ?+ may conta9 t  
:i* is  ess5tially diff]5t f its p>ts1  

:i* appe>s to me z mo/  extravagant4    
,z to y\r doctr9e ( ! invocation (      
sa9ts1 ,i w n deta9 y  = any "t ^u ?is  
subject4  ,i nev] believ$ 9 ! necessity 
(  invok+ !m2 nor does ! intellig5t     
portion ( ,roman ,ca?olics  believe 9 ! 
necessity ( invok+ !m2 nor d any ( y\r  
div9es :o  h ! lea/ pret5sions to le>n+1
 attempt to say t x is  indisp5sably    
requisite to h rec\rse to ! invocation (
 sa9ts3 =  ?\gh y\r ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 9 !
 tw5ty-fif? session1 w\ld appe>  to "s  
to be q explicit ^u ! subject1 /ill y\r 
div9es1 9  int]pret+ t c\ncil1 agree t x
 is only useful & pr(itable1  b n       
indisp5sably requisite = y to h rec\rse 
to !  int]cession ( ! sa9ts4  ,su* an   
ass]tion may be a matt] (  surprise to  
"s ( my ,prote/ant fri5ds1 b to y let x 
s]ve z a  subject ( utility3 & le/ x    
might be consid]$ z ! result (  artful  
inv5tion ) me1 ,i w n[ give y ! words ( 
y\r favorite  div9e1 ,dr4 ,miln]1 on !  
occasion4--,9 8 book entitl$ 8,! ,end ( 
,controv]sy10 & 9 8 8,?irty-?ird ,lett] 

to ,james ,br[ne1 ,esq40 he  says--8,9  
conclusion y w obs]ve t ! ,c\ncil (     
,tr5t b>ely  tea*es t x is good &       
pr(itable to invoke ! pray]s ( !  sa9ts2
 h5ce our div9es inf] t !re is no       
positive law ( !  *ur* incumb5t on all  
h] *ildr5 to pray to ! sa9ts40  ,su* are
  ! words ( y\r respect$ b n[ deceas$   
,rev4 ,dr4 ,miln]4  ,he di$ a  few ye>s 
ago4  ,! b>e m5tion ( 8 "n c>ries to ea*
 ( y !  recollection ( 8 "*4  ,he 0     
look$ on z ! /&>d ( y\r  fai?1 z ! almo/
 infallible guide 9 y\r religion4--,8   
words are  only expressive ( ! real     
s5tim5ts ( y\r o!r div9es ^u ?is        
subject2 s t1 my fri5ds1 y may obs]ve t 
x is only a p>tial  ignorance among "s (
 y z to ! real doctr9e 9 ?is respect1 t 
po9ts to s wide a di/9ction betwe5 y &  
my ,prote/ant bre?r54    ,nor %all ,i   
dwell ^u ! doctr9e ( confession1 ! mod]n
 obs]vance  ( :i* ,i may at "s future   
p]iod %ew to be nei!r con=mable to  ! ^w
 ( ,god1 nor sanction$ by ! practice ( !
 apo/olic age4--,&  n[1 my fri5ds1 to   

speak mo/ s]i\sly on ! subject1 has x n 
(t5  lull$ y into a mo/ dang]\s         
security1 t y\r s9s 7 =giv5  y1 :5 y _h 
nei!r sorr[ = ! committal (1 nor !      
det]m9ation n to commit ^? crimes       
aga98--,h[ev] ,i %all n dwell  ^u ^?    
doctr9es at pres5t2 b %all n[ direct y\r
 att5tion to  t doctr9e ) :i* y are mo/ 
acqua9t$--,i mean  ,transub/antiation4  
,i w 9 ?is second "p ( ! pamphlet po9t  
out  to y my reasons1 :i*1 guid$ by ! _s
 ( tru?1 l$ me to a  disbelief ^u ?is   
subject ( ,transub/antiation3 & 9 ! ?ird
 "p  ( ?is pamphlet1 ,i w produce to y !
 scriptural argum5ts t  h confirm$ my   
conviction z to t disbelief4  ,b fir/1  
,i mu/ lay  d[n ! doctr9e (             
,transub/antiation accord+ to ! ,c\ncil 
(  ,tr5t4    ,roman ,ca?olics ass]t1 t  
dur+ ! mass1 accord+ to ! words (  !    
,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 ses4 #ac & c4 #b--8,t !
 entire sub/ance (  ! bread is conv]t$  
into ! body1 & ! entire sub/ance ( !    
w9e into ! blood ( ,*ri/1 ! appe>ances (
 ! bread & w9e only  rema9+1 & ?is is   

call$ ,transub/antiation40    ,n[ ,i    
ass]t1 t su* a supposition is directly  
contr>y to our s5ses  & our reason1 & z 
su*1 is unwor?y ( our belief4  ,! s5ses 
are  ! av5ues or inlets to our reason1  
:ile reason becomes ! voice (  ,god     
himself speak+ unto u4  ,reason is !    
m$ium ( communication  betwe5 ! ,creator
 & ! creature4  ,x is ! /&>d ( our      
judgm5t1 & ! supreme tribunal :]e all   
our k is acquir$1  & :]e ! exi/5ce ( !  
,deity himself becomes discov]$ to !    
human m9d4  ,yes1 reason is t gr&       
feature1 ! reflection ( !  div9ity1 :i* 
9 a great degree assimilates man to !   
image ( 8  ,creator2 & ?us x is1 t :5 ! 
s5ses give _! unit$ te/imony  z to !    
exi/5ce ( an object1 & t reason /&s =?  
to  pron\nce ^u ! v]acity ( _! ass]tion1
 to su* conclusive  evid5ce ! scriptures
 atta* ! seal ( infallibility2 & x w\ld 
be  blasphem\s 7accord+ to ! words (    
,*ri/ himself to ! ,jews1 9 !  case (   
,laz>us7 to d5y ! =ce ( _! allegation4  
,i d n want  "h to summon be=e ! b> (   

f9ite compreh5sion ! inf9ite p[]  (     
,et]nal ,provid5ce--,i d n want to      
uncov] ! veil ( ! sanctu>y1  & pry into 
! my/]ies ( t ,et]nal ,be+1 :i* ha? made
  d>kness 8 dwell+ place1 & ! ?ick cl\ds
 ! pavilion ( 8  glory--,i d n d5y t !  
ways ( ,god are unse>*able--t 8 div9e   
ess5ce is above ! rea* ( human s5ses--t 
!re are invisible  tru?s f> beyond !    
human compreh5sion1 & t man _c dive into
  ! unfa?omable dep?s ( ! ,tr9ity or    
,inc>nation4  ,b is !  composition ( a  
little wat] & fl\r beyond ! rea* ( my   
und]/&+8 & :5 my reason & s5ses unite 9 
tell+ me t  t composition ( fl\r & wat] 
_c be *ang$ into ! body &  blood ( ,*ri/
 )\t imply+ a pr9ciple ( self-de/roy+   
contradiction1 let me ask1 is x n m     
natural to obey ! dictates (  my reason1
 tell+ me1 t ,god w n transgress t moral
 re/ra9t  :i* ! =mation ( 8 own laws has
 volunt>ily impos$ ^u him1 is  x n bett]
 t ,i %\ld d s ?an t ,i %\ld attribute  
to !  ,godhead "s ( ! mo/ unacc\ntable  
extravagancies t human reason  c\ld     

sugge/8  ,let ju/ice b decide1 & tru? w 
b[ 9 affirmation  ( ! rem>k4    ,b      
,roman ,ca?olics1 9 support ( _! doctr9e
 ( transub/antiation1  say1 8,_c he :o  
has =m$ ! heav5s & ! e>?--:o has creat$ 
all ?+s1 visible & invisible--:o has    
*ang$ ! rod ( ,moses into a  s]p5t1 & ! 
wat]s into riv]s ( blood 9 ,egypt--:o   
has *ang$  ,lot's wife into a pill> (   
salt1 & :o has *ang$ ! wat] into w9e  at
 ! m>riage ( ,cana1 _c he 7say !y7 emp[]
 ! prie/1  repres5t+ ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 to
 *ange ! bread into ! body1 &  ! w9e    
into ! blood ( ,*ri/80    ,my fri5ds1 9 
my answ] to ?is1 let x n be und]/ood t  
,i want to  circumscribe inf9ite p[] )9 
! n>r[ prec9cts ( human  limitation4  ,i
 d n want to app5d to ,et]nal ,provid5ce
 ! conf9$  re/rictions ( mortality4  ,i 
"k t inf9ite wisdom c contrive1 &       
inf9ite p[] c execute f> m ?an human    
reason c compreh5d2 b  :ile ,i admit !  
tru? ( ^! appeals to div9e p[] 9 ! "o   
in/ance1 ,i mu/ reject ! false          
supposition ( *ange 9 ! o!r4  ,=1 :5    

,god *ang$ ! rod ( ,moses into a s]p5t1 
& ! wat]s  into riv]s ( blood 9 ,egypt1 
or :5 our ,savi\r *ang$ ! wat]s  into   
w9e at ! m>riage ( ,cana2 ^! 7 *anges t 
7 palpably  evid5t to ! s5ses1 t ! s5ses
 judg$ (1 & 7 n  contradictory to       
reason4  ,b1 ) reg>d to ! suppos$ *ange1
 dur+  ! "t ( ! mass1 ( ! bread into !  
body1 & ! w9e into !  blood ( ,*ri/1    
all[ me to tell y1 my fri5ds1 t ,i h    
consid]$  su* a *ange to be contr>y to  
my s5ses & mo/ repugnant to my  reason4 
,=1 z (t5 z ,i _h tak5 into my h&s t    
bread to bless1  ,i f\nd x ! same1 aft]1
 z previ\s to consecration2 hav+ ! same 
texture1 pres5t+ ! same =m1 & produc+ to
 my m9d ! self same  id5tical effects4  
,z (t5 z ,i look$ on x aft]             
consecration1 ,i  obs]v$ x to be        
bread--:5 ,i t\*$ x aft] consecration ,i
 felt x to  be bread2 & 8if fai?0 7z !  
,roman ,ca?olics mu/ h x7 comes f  he>+ 
& n f see+1 :5 ,i broke ! bread aft]    
consecration1 ,i  bo? saw & he>d !      
result ( its be+ bread2 reason !n told  

me  t x 0 m or less blasphem\s to d5y ! 
unit$ te/imony ( my  s5ses giv+ su*     
unbrok5 evid5ce to facts s p]ceptible to
 _!  p[]s1 & ,i h yield$ to su*         
conviction4    ,oh1 my fri5ds1 ,i _h (t5
 ?\ght dur+ ! "t ( ! mass1 t if  ,i c\ld
 *ange ! bread into ! body & ! w9e into 
! blood ( my  ,r$eem]1 t ,i w\ld        
consequ5tly possess a mo/ exorbitant    
p[]--t  ,i w\ld transc5d by ! nobl5ess (
 my act ! inf9ite maje/y (  heav5       
itself--t my ,creator %\ld be at ! beck 
( my fancy--t  :5ev] or :]ev] my w      
sugge/$1 ,i might summon ,him f !  ?rone
 ( 8 ,et]nal ,maje/y & conv]t ^u ! alt> 
( frailty a  little scrap (             
insignificant bread into ! body1 !      
blood1 ! s\l  & div9ity ( my ,mak]4     
,oh1 my fri5ds1 t ,god :o measure? !    
tops ( ! m\nta9s 9 a balance1 & ! wat]s 
( ! sea 9 !  holl[ ( 8 h&s--t he1 :o    
ride? ^u ! :irlw9ds1 mak+ !  e>? 8      
foot/ool & ! canopy ( heav5 8 cov]+--t  
he1 :o  =m$ ! heav5s & ! e>?1 all ?+s   
visible & invisible--t  he %\ld desc5d f

 8 et]nal ?rone to ent] into ! womb ( a 
virg9 "m--!re to be inclos$ = ! long    
space ( n9e revolv+  mon?s1 & aft]w>ds  
to be born1 9 "t1 "u ! figure ( a m]e   
*ild--"u ! =m & ! habit ( a poor slave2 
oh1 my fri5ds1 x is  human r$emption    
alone1 c\ld call = su* an act (         
humiliation4  ,b  t ! ,savi\r ( ! _w1   
aft] hav+ (f]$ "o1 et]nal1  immeasurable
 & unspeakable sacrifice = ! s9s (      
mank9d1 & t  aft] hav+ be5 plac$ by 8   
own irrevocable decree at ! "r h&  (    
,god1 t he %\ld desc5d f 8 ?rone (      
et]nal ju/ice ^u  ! alt> ( human        
weakness1 & t !re1 at ! m]e ann\ncem5t (
  a few insignificant words1 fall+ f !  
lips ( a poor weak mortal1  he %\ld     
suff] a wret*$ collection ( dim9utive   
portions ( bread1  ( simil> figure1 (   
simil> size1 b ( simil> mat]ial z common
  waf]--t he %\ld suff] !m to be conv]t$
 into 8 ,inf9ite  ,maje/y--t t ,inf9ite 
,maje/y %\ld cont9ue :ole & entire "u   
ea* su* p>ticul> species ( bread--t     
aft]w>ds he %\ld all[ 8  b\ndless       

omnipot5ce to be conf9$ )9 ! n>r[       
prec9cts ( a  poor mis]able little box1 
commonly call$ a pixis1 & !n to be      
hackni$ ab\t f place to place1 &        
di/ribut$ f p]son to p]son  accord+ to !
 :im or caprice ( human sugge/ions--su*1
 my fri5ds1 ,i  h consid]$1 w\ld be     
unwor?y ( ,inf9ite ,maje/y--w\ld be     
d]ogatory to 8 et]nal                   
attributes--subv]sive ( ! pr9ciples ( t 
humanity ) :i* ,god _h ve/$ himself1 &  
contradictory to ^?  words :i* ,i hold z
 unalt]ably true1 t if ! resurrection   
has  add$ glory to1 x has n annihilat$ !
 humanity ( a ,r$eem]4    ,b y1 ,roman  
,ca?olics1 w ass]t1 z an objection to   
:at ,i h n[  laid d[n1 t z ! s5ses      
deceiv$ u 9 "s respects !y may = a      
simil> reason deceive u ) reg>d to      
,transub/antiation3 & 9 pro(  ( y\r     
ass]tion y w say 7z o!rs h said already7
 8t !  s5ses 7 deceiv$ ) reg>d to !     
,holy ,gho/ desc5d+ 9 ! =m  ( a dove ^u 
our ,savi\r receiv+ baptism f ,john20 & 
aga9 y  w say1 8t ! s5ses h be5 deceiv$1

 inasmu* z !y (t5  imag9$ angels to be  
m520 & !re=e y w conclude1 7z _m  o!r   
,roman ,ca?olics h done7 t our s5ses are
 also deceiv$ )  reg>d to               
,transub/antiation4    ,b1 my fri5ds1 9 
! above in/ances ! s5ses did n deceive1 
inasmu* z ! s5se ( vision or ( sight1   
judges only f  appe>ances1 & !re=e its  
te/imony 9 ! cases quot$ 0 true4  ,b :o 
w\ld ass]t t all ! s5ses comb9$ toge!r 9
 ! above  in/ances 7 deceiv$2 =1 if all 
! s5ses 7 deceiv$1 h[ c\ld  reason      
pron\nce ^u ! ,holy ,gho/ be+ 9 ! =m ( a
 dove1 or !  angels be+ 9 ! appe>ance ( 
m51 s9ce x 0 f ! s5ses only  t reason   
=m$ its judgm5t ^u ^? occasions8  ,&    
h5ce x is1  t :ile 9 c]ta9 cases1 "o    
portion ( ! s5ses imp>ts !  language (  
appe>ances1 9 ! v same cases1 ano!r     
portion ( our  s5ses implies ! language 
( reality4  ,& ?us x is1 t :5 !  s5ses1 
9 _! unimpair$ & natural /ate1 view     
objects at a prop]  di/ance & ?r\gh a   
prop] m$ium1 & t reason pron\nces on _! 
v]acity1 disbelief c be no long] atta*$ 

to _! allegation1 &  !re=e x is1 t      
,transub/antiation mu/ be false2 = !    
bread is  a q palpable & p]ceptible     
object to ! s5ses4  ,! sight tells  t x 
is n ! body--! t\* feels x is n !       
body--! ta/e is  conv9c$ ( its n be+ !  
body--& ! he>+1 f ! result (  s\nd1 jo9s
 9 ! ass]tion t x is n ! body2 :ile     
reason also  atte/s ! impossibility (   
its be+ ! body ( ,*ri/4    ,if ! s5ses 7
 to deceive u 9 objects s p]ceptible to 
_!  p[]s1 & 7 t to be pron\nc$ z true1  
:at reason decl>es z a  contradiction1  
!n deceit might be ascrib$ to !         
,deity--!n x might  be ass]t$1 t m5 7 l$
 into an inexplicable *aos ( illusions1 
& impo/ures1 & t reason & ! s5ses1 :i*  
we h receiv$  f ! b5efic5t au?or (      
nature1 z ! m$iums ( our pres]vation  & 
happ9ess1 7 only ! gifts ( a demoniac   
p[]1 ) ! words (  no reliance m>k$ on _!
 =mation4  ,oh1 my fri5ds1 7 ! s5ses  to
 be deceiv$ 9 _! comb9$ te/imony ^u     
objects s p]ceptible to  _! p[]s z bread
 & w9e1 !n univ]sal ,pyrrhonism w\ld    

foll[1  t is a d\bt z to all ?+s & a    
belief z to no?+--!n w\ld  all ! arts & 
sci5ces be subv]t$1 & !n w\ld ! exi/5ce 
(  ! ,deity /& )\t pro(--!n ! noble     
/ructures ( religion w\ld  tott] to _!  
base--revelation itself w\ld be at an   
end--! dea?1 !  resurrection1 ! asc5sion
 & miracles ( our ,"l1 ^! mighty        
bulw>ks ( a ,*ri/ian's fai?1 w\ld be    
ov]?r[n2 =1 are n !  s5ses ! great      
ext]nal argum5ts & evid5ces (           
,*ri/ianity8    ,be=e ,i conclude my    
rem>ks ^u ?is "p ( ! subject1 all[ me to
  make !m obvi\s to ! capacity ( ea* (  
y1 by "o example4  ,suppose an          
individual told me1 t ?is p51 :i* ,i n[ 
hold 9 my  h&1 0 9 reality a man2 :y1 ,i
 %\ld in/antly d5y ! ass]tion1  & say1  
?is is impossible2 = ! unit$ te/imony ( 
my s5ses & my  reason tells me1 t ?is p5
 is n a man1 z x has nei!r !  appe>ances
 nor prop]ties ( a man--t my s5ses &    
reason are !  gifts ( ,god--t1 !re=e1 !y
 _c deceive me1 ) reg>d to an  object s 
palpable1 s p]ceptible to _! p[]s1 & t  

!re=e ,i  conclude1 ?is p5 is n a man4  
,b1 %\ld ! suppos$ individual g  f>!r & 
say1 8,i w\ld n tell y a lie1 & w prove 
by miracles  t ! p5 :i* y hold 9 y\r h& 
is really a man40  ,miracles ,i  w\ld   
say6  ,is x n my s5ses t are to judge ( 
y\r miracles2 &  if my s5ses deceive me 
) reg>d to ?is p51 :at is to prev5t !m  
f deceiv+ me also ) reg>d to y\r        
miracles2 = if !y be  deceiv$ 9 "o case1
 a simil> reason may imply deceit 9 !   
o!r8  ,!re=e t ! miracles ( our ,"l may 
n be expos$ to  unc]ta9ty--t ! dea?1    
resurrection & asc5sion ( our ,r$eem]   
may n be liable to d\bt--t ! c]ta9ty (  
all human k--!  v consci\sness ( our own
 be+1 & t ! v exi/5ce ( !  ,deity may n 
be r5d]$ dubi\s2 9 f9e1 t a d\bt z to   
all  ?+s1 & a belief z to no?+1 may n   
foll[1 x is necess>y to  believe1 t !   
s5ses c\ld n deceive u ) reg>d to       
objects s  p]ceptible to _! p[]s2 &     
!re=e1 ,i consid]1 t ! doctr9e  (       
,transub/antiation mu/ be false1 z be+  
directly contr>y to our  s5ses & mo/    

repugnant to our reason4    ,among ! _m 
reasons t influ5c$ my disbelief z to !  
doctr9e (  ,transub/antiation1 !re is   
ano!r :i* ,i h consid]$ to be ( no      
trivial t5d5cy on ! subject4  ,i c\ld n 
conceive t a f9ite or  mat]ial sub/ance 
c\ld be 9 two or m places at ! same     
in/ant (  "t3 t is1 ,i c\ld n imag9e ^? 
ye>s pa/1 t ! body ( our  ,savi\r1 :i* !
 resurrection has n depriv$ ( its       
humanity1 c\ld  be :olly & sub/antially 
9 my h&s1 & :olly & sub/antially  ov] _m
 portions ( ! globe1 at ! same id5tical 
mom5t2 = ,i  consid] t f9ite sub/ances1 
:e!r glorifi$ or corruptible1 mu/  be   
subject to f9ite laws & regulations4    
,i "k !re are "s h[ev] :o w\ld say1 8t  
accord+ to !  pr9ciples ( metaphysical  
or philosophical obs]vations1 t x c\ld  
n be prov$1 t x is impossible = "o body 
to be 9 _m places at  ! same "t40    ,b1
 my fri5ds1 a prim>y tru? or self evid5t
 pr9ciple is n to be  lo/ among !       
my/]i\s w9d+s ( metaphysical subtleties2
 & :5  reason fully compreh5ds or cle>ly

 und]/&s a subject1 & pron\nces  tru?   
ov] ! object ( its compreh5sion1 ! mad  
rav+s ( an  unre/ra9$ philosophy are n  
to be cr$it$1 :5 sugge/+ a m]e          
suspicion ( falsehood4  ,oh1 my fri5ds1 
to say t ! same body c\ld  be :olly &   
sub/antially 9 my h&s dur+ ! "t ( !     
mass1 &  :olly & sub/antially 9 ! h&s ( 
?\s&s ( o!rs at ! same  id5tical mom5t1 
& to require a belief ( su* an ass]tion1
 w\ld be  dem&+ a complete surr5d] (    
common s5se--a pro/ration ( ! human     
intellect--:ile x w\ld be dive/+ man ( t
 gr& attribute1 t  noble *>act]i/ic ( 8 
be+--,i mean reason1 :i* is ! pure gift 
( ,god4    ,b ,roman ,ca?olics say1 8we 
d n und]/& ! mean+ ( !  ,tr9ity2 t is1  
we d n und]/& h[ ?ree p]sons con/itute  
"o  ,god1 & !re=e say !y1 ?\gh we d n   
compreh5d h[ ! body (  ,*ri/ c\ld be 9  
_m places at ! same "t1 /ill we %\ld    
believe40    ,b1 my fri5ds1 !re is no   
comp>ison betwe5 ! two cases2 = :5 ,i   
ass]t t ?ree p]sons con/itute ! unity ( 
a ,god1 ,i d n mean to  say t !y        

con/itute t unity 9 ! self same s5se1 b 
t !y  con/itute t unity 9 a di/9ct s5se2
 & !re=e x is n  impossible1 nor        
contradictory to my s5ses1 nor repugnant
 to my reason to  make use ( su* an     
ass]tion4  ,b t ?ree or a ?\s& mat]ial  
bodies %\ld con/itute "o body1 & t "o   
body %\ld con/itute  ?ree or ?\s&s (    
bodies1 ?is is :at ,i consid] to be     
impossible 9  itself1 & mo/             
contradictory to my s5ses & my reason1 b
 ( :i*  ,transub/antiation requires a   
firm belief3 = a p]son believ+ t        
doctr9e1 mu/ believe t ! body :i* "o    
prie/ holds 9 8 h&s1  :olly &           
sub/antially1 mu/ be also :olly &       
sub/antially 9 !  h&s ( ?\s&s ( o!rs4   
,b y1 ,roman ,ca?olics1 aga9 say1 8we d 
n "k ! nature ( a  glorifi$ body1 &     
!re=e y conclude t ! glorifi$ body (    
,*ri/ might be 9 _m places at ! same    
"t40    ,?is seems to me absurd2 = ?\gh 
! resurrection _h add$ glory to1  /ill x
 has n annihilat$ ! humanity ( ,*ri/4   
,?is is evid5t1  fir/1 f ! words ( ,*ri/

 to 8 ,apo/les collectively2 = :5 he    
appe>$ among !m aft] 8 resurrection1 he 
said1 z is m5tion$ 9  ,luke xxiv4       
#ci--8;,h&le me & see1 = a _s ha? n fle%
 & bones  z ye see me h40  ,!re=e !     
resurrection has n aboli%$ !  humanity (
 our ,savi\r4  ,aga91 our ,savi\r said  
to ,?omas1 z is  m5tion$ 9 ,john xx4    
#bg--8,rea* hi!r ?y f+] & behold my h&2 
&  rea* hi!r ?y h& & ?ru/ x into my     
side40  ,!re=e1 f ^!  two passages1 ! "o
 address$ by our ,savi\r to ! ,apo/les  
collectively1 & ! o!r to ,/4 ,?omas     
individually1 x is evid5t  t !          
resurrection has n aboli%$ ! humanity ( 
,*ri/1 b t  he has fle% & bones l u1 ev5
 9 8 glorifi$ /ate4  ,if he has  fle% & 
bones l u 7z has be5 already prov$ to   
y17 8 body  mu/ necess>ily be a f9ite   
sub/ance--if a f9ite1 or :at is ! same1 
a limit$ sub/ance1 x mu/ necess>ily be  
subject to f9ite or limit$  laws--if    
subject to limit$ laws1 x _c be         
consequ5tly 9 _m places  at ! same "t4  
,!re=e ! belief z to ,transub/antiation 

mu/ be  false4    ,b1 my fri5ds1 m ( y1 
,roman ,ca?olics1 say ^u ?is subject1   
8t z ! body ( our ,savi\r ent]$ into !  
room :]e ! ,apo/les  7 assembl$ toge!r1 
?\gh ! w9d[s & doors 7 clos$ at !  "t1 t
 !re=e ! body ( our ,savi\r 0 & c be 9  
_m  places at ! same "t40--,! answ] to  
?is is pla92 = 9 ord] t  ?is objection  
w\ld hold good on ! pres5t occasion1 x  
w\ld be  necess>y to %ew t :5 ! body (  
our ,savi\r 0 9 ! room )  ! ,apo/les1 x 
0 also 9 ano!r or a ?\s& diff]5t places 
at  ! same in/ant ( "t4  ,_m natural    
reasons also c\ld be giv5 z to  h[ !    
body ( our ,savi\r might h ent]$ ! room 
( ! ,apo/les  )\t _! p]ceiv+ him ent]1  
or )\t suppos+ t 8 body  0 9 _m places  
at ! same "t4    ,!re are m ,roman      
,ca?olics :o1 9 endeav\r+ to expla9 !   
mode  by :i* our ,savi\r's body might be
 pres5t 9 _m places at ! same  "t1      
ass]t1 8t z our ,savi\r f$ ! multitude (
 ! five ?\s&  ) five loaves1 )\t any    
increase z to ! numb] ( ! loaves1  t    
!re=e our ,savi\r's body c\ld1 by a     

simil> mode ( reason+1  be receiv$ by _m
 at ! same in/ant40 #cj  ,b1 my fri5ds1 
9 ord]  t ?is argum5t w\ld hold good 9 !
 pres5t in/ance1 x w\ld be  necess>y t  
ea* ( ! multitude ref]r$ to w\ld eat an 
entire loaf  :olly & sub/antially1 )\t  
"p or p>cel2 = ,roman ,ca?olics  hold1 t
 x is n a "p ( our ,savi\r's body1 b !  
:ole ( 8  body1 :i* is tak5 by ea*      
individual1 on receiv+ _! sacram5t4     
,"s ,roman ,ca?olics also endeav\r to %[
 our ,savi\r's body c\ld be  pres5t 9 _m
 places at ! same "t1 8by atta*+ to x a 
velocity1  or :at is ! same1 a          
quickness1 :i* w\ld be almo/ equal to an
  inf9ite velocity or quickness2 s t no 
s5sible int]val ( "t  w\ld exi/ betwe5 a
 body be+ "h & a ?\s& sep>ate p>ts (  ! 
globe at ! same in/ant40  ,b ?is is     
totally subv]sive ( !  doctr9e (        
,transub/antiation2 =1 no matt] h[ great
 ! velocity or  quickness ( ! body might
 be1 /ill1 if t quickness 7 n equal  to 
an inf9ite quickness ! doctr9e (        
,transub/antiation c\ld n be  prov$4    

,=1 "s int]val ( "t 7if ! velocity be n 
equal to  inf9ite7 mu/ exi/ betwe5 !    
body ( our ,savi\r be+ "h1 be+ 9        
,france1 be+ 9 ,am]ica1 & 9 a ?\s& o!r  
places1 :i* is  contr>y to ,roman       
,ca?olic doctr9e2 :i* ass]ts1 8t z long 
z !  species ( bread & w9e cont9ues1 s  
long does ,*ri/ exi/ 9 !  sacram5t20 :i*
 words cle>ly prove1 t our ,savi\r's    
body is n to  leave ! sacram5t at any   
"t1 &1 !re=e1 su* a supposition (       
quickness be+ atta*$ to ! body ( ,*ri/1 
is p]fectly absurd &  contradictory to  
,roman ,ca?olic doctr9e4    ,aga91 su* a
 supposition ( velocity or quickness    
equal to :at !y  w\ld t]m almo/ inf9ite1
 is q absurd4  ,= x is prov$1 f !  mo/  
natural d$uctions ( ! accel]at$ motion (
 mov+ bodies1 8t  if ea* ray ( light 7  
equal to ! two-millione? "p ( !  smalle/
 portion ( s& we c =m a conception (1 t 
man c\ld no  m /& be=e _! effects1 ?an  
be=e grape %ot fir$ f !  m\? ( a        
cannon40 #ca  ,if su* !n w\ld be !      
effects ( ! rays  ( ! sun ^u bodies1 :at

 w\ld be ! result ( ! bread ^u !        
,prie/1 if a million ( times great]     
velocity w\ld be imp>t$ to t  bread8    
,:y1 my fri5ds1 ! effect w\ld be        
trem5d\s--dea? w\ld be  ! imm$iate &    
necess>y consequ5ce to ! prie/ (ficiat+4
  ,!re=e1 su* a supposition z t ( 8an   
almo/ inf9ite velocity10  is absurd4    
,su*1 my fri5ds1 are "s ( ! reasons1 :i*
 inspir$ by ! _s  ( tru?1 h influ5c$ my 
disbelief z to ! doctr9e (              
,transub/antiation4  ,i "k "s ( y w say 
x is difficult to  und]/& "s ( ^?       
reasons ,i h giv5 on ?is subject2 b     
rememb] x is only ! quibbl+ objections t
 are made 9 support (  ?is doctr9e t are
 difficult to be und]/ood1 & n ! answ]s 
,i  h giv51 = ,i h endeav\r$ to make ^? 
answ]s z pla9 z  possible to ! capacity 
( ea*4  ,i w n[ proce$ to ^! ,scriptural
  argum5ts :i* confirm me 9 ! disbelief 
z to y\r doctr9e (  ,transub/antiation4 
,,?ird ,,"p4      ,b1 my fri5ds1 be=e ,i
 ent] ^u ^! ,scriptural argum5ts1 all[  
me  to rem9d y ( "o important           

circum/ance4  ,d y rememb] "s "t  ago h[
 anxi\s y\r ,bi%ops & ,cl]gy 7 9 prev5t+
 ! diffusion  ( ! ,gospel light among ! 
p ( ,irel&8  ,d y rememb] h[ all  _!    
en]gies 7 direct$ aga9/ ^? ,mission>ies 
:o s  indefatigably /ruggl$ = !         
circulation ( ! ,bible among y8  ,well1 
my fri5ds1 ,i am n[ happy to in=m y t ! 
times are q  alt]$--8tempora mutantur   
nos cum illis mutamur40  ,b z "s ( y    
may n und]/& ! mean+ ( ^? words ,i w    
translate !m =  y--t is1 8! times are   
*ang$ & we are *ang$ 9 !m20 = y\r       
,bi%ops h lately resolv$ t a *eap       
edition ( ! ,bible %\ld be  publi%$ =   
y\r in/ruction4  ,) m9e own h&s ,i      
circulat$ "s (  ^? ,bibles among y4  ,i 
hope y w n[ avail y\rselves ( su* an    
opportunity1 & t y w look to y\r ,bibles
 = ^? argum5ts to  :i* ,i w n[ ref] y4  
,let y rememb] t ^! words are n  m9e1 b 
! words ( et]nal life4  ,!y are to be   
f\nd 9 y\r own  ,bibles4  ,let y !re=e  
consid] !m dilig5tly4  ,i w n confuse   
y\r m9ds by a ref]5ce to _m texts (     

,scripture1 b %all only  introduce ^?   
:i* ,i consid] z ess5tially necess>y ^u 
!  subject ( ,transub/antiation2 :i*    
means 7z ,i h m5tion$ be=e7  !          
transub/antiat+1 or :at is ! same1 !    
*ang+1 dur+ !  "t ( mass1 ( ! bread into
 ! body & ! w9e into ! blood (  ,*ri/4  
,y ass]t t ! sacrifice ( ! mass is !    
same z ! sacrifice at  ! la/ supp]2 & y 
also say t ! sacrifice at ! la/ supp]   
is ! same propitiatory sacrifice z t    
(f]$ ^u ! cross1 )  ?is exception1 t !  
sacrifice ^u ! cross 0 a bloody "o1 b  !
 sacrifice at ! la/ supp] 0 an unbloody 
& my/ical sacrifice4    ,n[1 my fri5ds1 
look to all ^? passages 9 y\r ,bible :i*
 describe  ! la/ supp]--look to ,luke ! 
#bb;d *ap4--look to ,m>k ! #ad?         
*ap4--look to ,mat!w ! #bf? *ap4--look  
to ! #a/ ,cor9?ians ! #aa?  *ap1 & 9 all
 ^! places y w n f9d a s+le ^w ab\t a   
my/ical & unbloody sacrifice at ! la/   
supp]4  ,no1 = ^! are  words ( :at ,i   
might call a self-accommodat+           
di/9ction--=m]ly  introduc$ by ! selfi% 

views ( man--!y are q unscriptural1 &   
!re=e unwor?y ( our belief ^u s         
important an occasion4    ,i w n[ %[ y  
!re 0 no propitiatory sacrifice at ! la/
  supp]1 & consequ5tly t !re is no      
propitiatory sacrifice at y\r  masses1 =
 y ass]t t ! sacrifice at ! mass & !    
sacrifice  at ! la/ supp] are ! same4   
,x is m5tion$ 9 ,leviticus1 #ag? *ap1 & 
#aa? v]se1 8= x is !  blood t make?     
atonem5t = ! s\l40  ,n[ ?is 9 ! old law 
is  confirm$ by ! words ( ,/4 ,paul 9 ! 
new law1 z may be se5 9 !  #i? *ap1 &   
#bb;d v]se ( ! ,hebrews1 :]e x is said1 
8& )\t  %$d+ ( blood !re is no          
remission40  ,!re=e !re 0 no            
propitiatory sacrifice at ! la/ supp]1  
or :at is ! same1 no  sacrifice = !     
remission ( s9s1 = y ,roman ,ca?olics   
admit1 t  ! sacrifice at ! la/ supp] 0  
an unbloody sacrifice1 & !re=e  !re is  
no sacrifice at ! mass1 s9ce ! suppos$  
sacrifice at !  la/ supp] & ! suppos$   
sacrifice ( ! mass are consid]$ !  same4
    ,aga9 ,i ass]t1 !re 0 no sacrifice  

at ! la/ supp]1 = ,/4 ,paul  says 9 !   
#g? *ap1 & #bg? v]se ( ! ,hebrews1 8,:o 
ne$e? n  daily z ^? ,high ,prie/s to (f]
 up sacrifices--= ?is he did once40     
,!re=e if he sacrific$ himself b once1 x
 is evid5t !re 0 no  sacrifice at ! la/ 
supp]4  ,aga91 x is said 9 ! #aj? *ap4 &
  #ab? v]se ( ! same ,epi/le1 8,b ?is   
man aft] he _h (f]$ "o  sacrifice = s9s1
 = ev] sat d[n on ! "r h& ( ,god40  ,if 
!re=e our ,savi\r only (f]$ "o          
sacrifice1 t 0 ! sacrifice  ( ! cross1 &
 c]ta9ly n ! suppos$ sacrifice at ! la/ 
supp]2 & consequ5tly !re is no sacrifice
 at ! mass1 s9ce1 z ,i  m5tion$ be=e1   
,roman ,ca?olics ass]t t ! suppos$      
sacrifice at  ! la/ supp] & t ( ! mass  
are ! same4    ,aga9 ,i ass]t1 !re 0 no 
sacrifice at ! la/ supp]1 = !re 0  no   
sacrificial act p]=m$ by our ,savi\r at 
! "t1 nor !  slighte/ intimation ( a    
sacrificial act giv51 nor any ( ^?      
c]emonies :i* are connect$ ) a sacrifice
 gone ?r\gh at ! "t  by our ,r$eem]4    
,our ,savi\r 0 simply at ! table1       

surr\nd$ by 8  disciples4  ,no alt> 0 at
 h&--no victim suff]$--no blood 0 %$1 z 
,roman ,ca?olics admit1 nor 0 !re any   
(f]+ made b a simple  di/ribution (     
bread & w9e made among ! apo/les2 & ,i  
believe y  mu/ all[1 t y _h nev] he>d or
 read ( a sacrifice )\t "s  ( ^?        
app5dages ( ei!r an alt>1 ! suff]+ ( a  
victim1 !  %$d+ ( blood1 or an (f]+ be+ 
made on ! occasion1 none (  :i* 7       
witness$ at ! la/ supp]4  ,!re=e !re 0  
no  sacrifice at ! la/ supp]4           
,f9ally1 ,i ass]t1 !re 0 no sacrifice at
 ! la/ supp]2 = if !  sacrifice at ! la/
 supp] 7 ! same propitiatory sacrifice z
 t  (f]$ on ! cross1 ,i ask1 9 !        
language ( c&or & religion1 :at  0 !    
utility ( our ,savi\r go+ ?r\gh ! bitt] 
ordeal ( 8  passion--:y und]go ! pa9ful 
c]emony ( be+ trea*]\sly betray$  ) !   
signal ( peace by "o ( 8 disciples--d5i$
 by ano!r1 &  ab&on$ by all 9 ! h\rs ( 8
 affliction8  ,:y all[ himself to be    
dragg$ l a common malefactor f place to 
place--!n to be clo!d  9 ! g>b ( pret5d$

 loyalty1 & aft]w>ds to be greet$ ) all 
! insult+ gratulations ( a mock k+8  ,:y
 rema9 ti$ to a pill>1  !re to be mo/   
cruelly sc\rg$ aft]w>ds to be cr[n$ ) a 
diadem  ( ?orns8  ,:y und]go ! pangs1 ! 
torm5ts1 ! excruciat+ agonies  on !     
gibbet ( a cross1 & !n seal ) 8 blood ! 
cause ( man's  r$emption8  ,:y all ^!1  
if ! sacrifice at ! la/ supp] 7 !  same 
propitiatory sacrifice = ! remission (  
s9s z ! sacrifice on  ! cross8  ,oh1 my 
fri5ds1 x has be51 & is my firm         
conviction1 t  if ! sacrifice at ! la/  
supp] 7 ! same z ! sacrifice on !       
cross1 x c\ld n be blasphem\s to ass]t t
 ! sacrifice ( !  cross 0 nugatory--0 an
 act p]fectly useless--0 inconsi/5t ) & 
unbecom+ ! attributes ( ! ,deity2 &1    
!re=e1 ,i conclude !re  0 no sacrifice  
at ! la/ supp]1 & consequ5tly no        
sacrifice at !  mass1 s9ce1 z ,i m5tion$
 be=e1 ! suppos$ sacrifice at ! la/     
supp] & t ( ! mass are ! same 9 y\r     
op9ion4    ,i "k t ,roman ,ca?olics     
ass]t1 t !re is no?+ h>d or  impossible 

to ,god1 & t1 !re=e1 our ,savi\r c\ld   
give 8 body  & 8 blood to 8 ,apo/les at 
! la/ supp]4    ,n[1 my fri5ds1 ?is     
ass]tion is p]fectly incorrect2 = !re   
are  _m ?+s relatively impossible to    
,god2 :5 ,i say relatively1 ,i mean  )  
relation to ^! laws :i* impose ^u !     
,deity a moral &  volunt>y re/ra9t1 :i* 
re/ra9t he _c transgress 9 accordance  )
 8 div9e attributes2 & h5ce x is1 t1 ow+
 to ^? laws1  ,god _c cause a ?+ to exi/
 & n to exi/ at ! same "t2 nor  c he    
cause a "p ( any mat]ial body to be     
great] ?an ! :ole  sub/ance ( t body1 t 
"p & entire sub/ance rema9+ 9 _!        
self-same1 s5sible1 & evid5tly un*ang$  
/ate4  ,b ^? two  unnatural suppositions
 mu/ be cr$it$1 if we are to believe t  
our  ,savi\r gave 8 body & 8 blood to ! 
,apo/les at ! la/ supp]4  ,fir/1 we %\ld
 believe t he exi/$ & did n exi/ at !   
same  "t2 exi/$1 inasmu* z he gave      
himself to ! ,apo/les1 & did n  exi/1   
inasmu* z ! ,apo/les consum$ 8 body by  
eat+ x1 & all  ?is :ile he 0 sitt+ &    

conv]s+ ) !m4  ,!re=e to  suppose1 t our
 ,savi\r gave 8 body & 8 blood to !     
,apo/les at  ! la/ supp] to be eat5 by  
!m w\ld be to suppose1 t he exi/$  & did
 n exi/ at ! same "t1 :i* is absurd1 &  
relatively  impossible on ! "p ( ,god4  
,secondly1 %\ld we suppose t our ,savi\r
 gave 8 body & blood to  8 ,apo/les at !
 la/ supp]1 x w\ld !n foll[ t a "p ( 8  
body 0 great] ?an ! entire ( 8 body4    
,9 ord] to %ew ?is1 ,i w n adv]t to ^?  
:o w\ld say1 t our  ,savi\r _h actually 
p>tak5 ( ! bread :i* he _h di/ribut$    
among  ! ,apo/les1 & consequ5tly made 8 
m\?1 :i* 0 only a "p (  8 body1 to      
consume 8 entire body4  ,i w n dwell ^u 
su* an  ass]tion1 b w come to "o no less
 evid5t2 & t is1 if our  ,savi\r gave 8 
body to be eat5 by 8 ,apo/les at ! la/  
supp]1 x  w\ld !n foll[ t he grasp$ 8   
entire body )9 ! n>r[  compass ( 8 h&1 &
 ?us make 8 h&1 :i* 0 only a "p1  great]
 ?an 8 entire body1 z ! conta9] mu/     
naturally be great]  ?an ! conta9$2 &   
all ?is to be done :ile t h& & body     

rema9$ 9 ! self-same1 s5sible1 &        
evid5tly un*ang$ =m4  ,oh1  repugnant   
words6  ,oh1 irreconcileable doctr9e6   
,oh1 mon/r\s ass]tion6  ,h[ c a man     
slumb] "u su* a belief8  ,h[ c he re/ 9 
!  consci\sness ( su* an error8  ,me?9ks
 t %\ld an individual aft]  s]i\s       
reflection tacitly submit to su* an     
irrational belief1 x w\ld  be requisite 
t he %\ld be inve/$ by ! ,deity )       
faculties !  v rev]se1 ( :at he n[      
enjoys2 t he %\ld possess a reason t    
w\ld reconcile tru?s t are intuitively  
evid5t ) falsehoods t  are intuitively  
false2 & :i* %\ld unite pr9ciples t are 
et]nally true & immutably fix$1 ) ^? t  
imply self-de/roy+  contradictions4     
,i w give y ano!r argum5t f !           
,scriptures1 :i* t5d$ to  confirm me 9  
my disbelief z to ! doctr9e (           
,transub/antiation4  ,t my rem>ks ^u ?is
 subject may be obvi\s to ! capacity (  
ea*  ( y1 ,i ref] y n[ to ! #bb;d *apt] 
( ,/4 ,luke1 :i* is  explanatory ( !    
in/itution ( ! sacram5t at ! la/ supp]4 

,x  is said ( our ,savi\r 9 ! #ai? &    
#bj? v]ses ( t *apt]1 8&  he took bread 
& gave ?anks & brake x1 & gave unto !m1 
say+1  ?is is my body :i* is giv5 = y2  
?is d 9 remembrance ( me40  ,likewise   
also ! cup aft] supp]1 say+1 8,?is cup  
is ! ,new  ,te/am5t 9 my blood :i* is %$
 = y0 #bj? v]se4  ,n[ y ,roman          
,ca?olics ass]t1 t ! words 9 ! #ai? v]se
 ought to be tak5 9  _! lit]al s5se1 t  
is to say1 t :5 our ,savi\r spoke ^!    
?+s1 8?is is my body10 t he actually    
conv]t$ ! bread into 8  body & gave x to
 be eat5 by 8 ,apo/les4    ,b if ,i c   
%ew y _m passages bo? 9 ! ,old & ,new   
,te/am5t1  :]e ! ^w is mu/ be tak5 9 a  
figurative1 s5se4  ,i d n see  :at is to
 prev5t ! ^w is 79 ! passage allud$ to7 
f be+  also tak5 9 a figurative s5se4   
,b !re are _m passages 9 ! ,old  z well 
z ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :]e ! ^w is mu/ be   
tak5 to  signify repres5t1 or1 :at is ! 
same1 :]e x mu/ be tak5 to  signify !   
figure or memorial ( a ?+4    ,fir/1 y w
 f9d 9 ! #ag? *apt] ( ,g5esis :]e ,god  

speak+ (  ! circumcision says1 9 ! #aj? 
v]se1 8,?is is my cov5ant40  ,n[ !      
circumcision 0 n transub/antiat$ into ! 
cov5ant4  ,!re=e !  ^w is 9 ?is passage 
mu/ be tak5 9 a figurative s5se3 t is1  
to signify ! figure or memorial ( !     
cov5ant4    ,look also to ! #ab? *apt] (
 ,exodus1 :]e ,god aft] hav+ spok5 (  ! 
lamb t 0 to be sacrific$ 9 memorial ( 8 
pass+ ov] !  h\ses ( ! ,israelites & 8  
smit+ all ! fir/ born 9 ! h\ses  ( !    
,egyptians1 he says1 z is m5tion$ 9 !   
#aa? v]se1 8,x is !  ,"l's ,passov]40   
,n[ ! ^w is 9 ?is passage mu/ be tak5 to
  signify repres5t1 z ! lamb c\ld n be  
said to be transub/antiat$  into !      
,passov]4    ,!re are also innum]able   
passages 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :]e ! ^w  is
 mu/ be tak5 to signify repres5t4       
,fir/1 ,/4 ,paul1 speak+ (  ! *ur*1     
says1 8x is ! body ( ,*ri/40  ,"h ! ^w  
is mu/ be  tak5 to signify repres5t4  ,9
 ! #ac? *apt] ( ,mat!w1 our ,savi\r     
says1 9 ! #cg? v]se--8,he t s[e? ! good 
se$ is ! son ( man40  ,aga91 9 ! #ch?   

v]se ( same *apt] he says1 8! field is !
  _w20 & 9 ! #ci? v]se ( same *apt] he  
says1 8! h>ve/ is  ! end ( ! _w20 &     
la/ly1 9 ,luke viii4 #aa1 our ,savi\r   
says1  8! se$ is ! ^w ( ,god40  ,n[1 z 9
 all ^? passages ! ^w  is mu/ be tak5 to
 signify repres5t1 :at is to prev5t x   
be+  tak5 9 ! same s5se 9 ,luke xxii4   
#ai1 :]e our ,savi\r said1 8?is  is my  
body80--especially z 9 ! foll[+ v]se ( !
 same *apt] x  mu/ be tak5 = repres5t1  
:]e our ,savi\r says1 8,?is cup is !    
,new  ,te/am5t20 = ! cup 0 n            
transub/antiat$ into ! ,new ,te/am5t1  z
 y mu/ all admit2 & !re=e x is t ,i 0 l$
 to consid]  t ! ^w is1 9 ! #ai? v]se ( 
! #bb;d *apt] ( ,luke1 %\ld  be tak5 9 a
 figurative s5se2 especially z 9 t same 
v]se our  ,savi\r said1 8,d ?is 9       
remembrance ( me40  ,& f9ally1 !re is   
no?+ s common 9 our language z to make  
use ( ?is ^w is 9 !  s5se ( repres5t4   
,= example1 let me suppose t on pass+   
?r\gh  ,sackville-/reet1 9 ,dubl91 & t a
 /rang] on see+ ,nelson's  pill> w\ld   

ask me1 :o is t8--,i1 imm$iately und]/&+
 him1 w\ld  say1 t is ,nelson3 & c]ta9ly
 ! ^w is1 9 ^? passages1 mu/  be tak5 to
 signify repres5t2 = :i* reason1 also1  
,i 0 l$ to  consid] t ! ^w is1 9 ?is    
passage ( our ,savi\r1 mu/ be  tak5 to  
signify repres5t1 :5 he said1 8,?is is  
my body40    ,i "k1 my fri5ds1 t 9      
opposition to ^! passages to :i* ,i h   
allud$1 t y w\ld introduce z an         
objection t passage 9 !  fir/ ( !       
,cor9?ians1 xi4 #bg1 :]e x is m5tion$1  
8,:]e=e1  :osoev] %all eat ?is bread &  
dr9k ?is cup ( ! ,"l unwor?ily1  %all be
 guilty ( ! body & blood ( ! ,"l20 f :i*
 words y  w\ld wi% to prove t ! ,apo/les
 believ$ ! real body & blood (  ,*ri/ to
 be 9 ! sacram5t4    ,b1 my fri5ds1 let 
y consid] by :om & = :at purpose !      
sacram5t 0 in/itut$1 & !n y\r surprise w
 n be excit$ at  ! ,apo/le express+     
himself 9 su* /rong language1 al?\gh he 
w\ld  n believe t ! real body & blood ( 
,*ri/ 7 pres5t 9 !  sacram5t4  ,by :om 0
 x in/itut$8  ,by ,jesus ,*ri/ himself4 

,=  :at purpose8  ,z a la/ beque/ to    
mank9d--z a remembrance ( t  ,jesus :o  
left 8 ?rone ( et]nal ju/ice to ent]    
into ! womb ( a  virg9 "m--t ,jesus :o 0
 conceiv$ & born 9 "t--:o1 dur+  8      
mortal pilgrimage ( ?irty-?ree ye>s1    
suff]$ all ! extremities  ( privation to
 :i* human nature c\ld be subject--& :o 
f9ally  plac$ ! et]nal seal ( 8 blood ^u
 ! cause ( man's r$emption4  ,is x a    
wond] !n1 t ! ,apo/le1 ?\gh n believ+ ! 
real body  & blood ( ,*ri/ to be pres5t1
 %\ld h rec\rse to su* /rong  language  
aga9/ ^? :o w\ld violate ! respect due  
to t  sacram5t1 :i* 0 to be a memorial (
 our ,savi\r1 & :i* 0 to  %ew =? ! ,"l's
 dea? until he come8  ,oh1 my fri5ds1 if
 y or ,i  7 9 ! same situation z !      
,apo/le1 we w\ld recur to a simil>ity  (
 expression1 to ann\nce our horror to ! 
wret* :o w\ld approa*  ) pollut$ he>t s 
sanctifi$ a memorial2 = :oev] w\ld      
disrespect su* a sacram5t1 might be     
naturally said to be guilty ( !  body & 
blood ( ,*ri/4    ,my fri5ds1 be=e ,i   

close ?is ?ird "p ( my int5d$ pamphlet1 
,i  f9d x indisp5sably requisite to     
adv]t to t practice 9 y\r  *ur*1 by :i* 
! prie/s prev5t y f receiv+ ! w9e 9 !   
di/ribution ( :at !y call _! sacram5t4  
,n[1 my fri5ds1 ?is ,i consid] n only to
 be a direct infr+em5t  ^u ! words1 b   
also a direct violation ( ! comm& ( our 
,savi\r3 = if ! comm& ( our ,savi\r1 at 
! in/itution ( !  sacram5t1 7 m /rict 9 
"o "p ?an ano!r1 x 0 surely m  urg5t )  
reg>d to ! receiv+ ( ! w9e2 = x is said 
9 ,mat?4  xxvi4 #bg1 t our ,savi\r aft] 
hav+ tak5 ! cup1 & hav+ giv5  ?anks1 he 
gave x to 8 ,apo/les1 say+1 8,dr9k ye   
all ( x20 & z  x is said 9 ,m>k xiv4    
#bc1 8,!y all drank ( x40  ,n[ obs]ve t 
?is ^w all 0 n annex$ to ! eat+ ( !     
bread1 b only to  ! dr9k+ ( ! w9e1 :i*  
circum/ance mu/ prove to ! reflect+  m9d
 ?is important fact1 t z our ,savi\r    
=esaw ! abuse t 9  c\rse ( "t w\ld be   
adopt$ 9 ! ,roman *ur*1 by )hold+ !  cup
 f ! p1 he has be5 !re=e m urg5t 9 8    
comm& z  to ! reception ( ! w9e1 ?an he 

has be5 z to ! reception ( !  bread4    
,i am aw>e t y\r cl]gy h rec\rse to _m  
/ratagems 9  explanation ( ?is          
difficulty4  ,!y say1 t :5 y receive !  
bread1 y n only receive ! body b also ! 
blood ( our ,savi\r1  & t !re=e x is n  
requisite = y to receive ! w9e4    ,b1  
my fri5ds1 9 answ] to ?is ,i say1 t if  
our ,savi\r1 at 8  la/ supp]1 int5d$ to 
give to 8 ,apo/les1 9 ! m]e sub/ance (  
! bread1 bo? 8 body & 8 blood1 :at 0 8  
utility 9 giv+  8 body & 8 blood a      
second "t 9 ! w9e8  ,to d s w\ld be an  
act ( sup]]ogation--x w\ld be an act (  
p]fect uselessness1 &  w\ld be d]ogatory
 to ! ,r$eem] 9 ! in/itution ( s        
important a  sacram5t3 & h5ce ,i        
consid]$ t )hold+ ! cup f !  p1 is a    
direct infr+em5t ^u ! words ( our       
,savi\r4    ,b y\r cl]gy also ass]t1 t  
our ,savi\r1 at 8 la/ supp]1  address$ !
 ,apo/les z prie/s1 & n z ! laity1 & t  
!re=e he made x incumb5t only on !      
,apo/les to receive !  sacram5t "u bo?  
k9ds4  ,b1 my fri5ds1 we read ( no su*  

di/9ction made by our ,savi\r2 &        
moreov]1 :5 he said1 8dr9k ye  all (    
?is10 he also add$1 8= ?is is my blood  
%$ = _m40  ,n[  8 blood 0 n %$ = !      
,apo/les alone1 b also = ! flock2  &    
h5ce ,i conclude1 t ! p %\ld receive !  
w9e z well z  ! prie/s4    ,aga91 my    
fri5ds1 if ?is passage1 8dr9k ye all (  
?is10 7 direct$  to ! ,apo/les alone1 :y
 is x t ! prie/s d n always receive  "u 
bo? k9ds2 = ,i "k t :5 !y are n actually
 celebrat+  ! mass1 !y only receive !   
communion "u "o k9d8  ,?is seems a      
p]fect anomaly--especially z our ,savi\r
 drew no l9e ( di/9ction  betwe5 a prie/
 (ficiat+ & a prie/ communicat+4        
,f9ally1 my fri5ds1 if ^! words1 8dr9k  
ye all ( ?is10 7  address$ to ! ,apo/les
 alone z prie/s1 !n ! p %\ld at no      
p]iod ( "t h p>tak5 ( ! cup4  ,b t ! p  
did p>take  ( ! cup is evid5t f ! words 
( ,/4 ,paul 9 ! #a/ ,cor9?ians1  #aa?   
*apt] & #bh? v]se1 :]e he says1 8,let a 
man exam9e himself1  & s let him eat ( t
 bread & dr9k ( t cup20 :i* words (  !  

,apo/le 7 address$ to all ! ,cor9?ians1 
& consequ5tly  prov+ to u t ! laity z   
well z ! pa/ors1 _h p>tak5 ( !  sacram5t
 "u bo? k9ds4  ,popes ,gellasius & ,leo 
ord]$ ! w9e to  be tak5 by ! p on _!    
receiv+ ! sacram5t2 #dc :ile x  0 only 9
 ! fifte5? c5tury1 at ! ,c\ncil (       
,con/ance1 t !  use ( ! w9e 0 prev5t$4  
,i w\ld !n address myself to ! heads (  
y\r *ur* & say1 :y is  x t y :o boa/ s  
mu* ( ! antiquity ( y\r doctr9es--!     
antiquity ( y\r religi\s in/itutions--y1
 :o 9 ! h\rs (  controv]sial            
difficulties fly to ! traditions ( y\r  
anti5ts1 z !  great props ( y\r         
vacillat+ argum5ts--! la/ hopes ( y\r   
controv]sial safety--:y y ?us mutilate !
 traditions (  antiquity8--:y dep>t f t 
practice z old z ,*ri/ianity            
itself8--:y claim to y\rselves a great] 
portion ( wisdom ?an he :o  has         
in/itut$1 ?an he :o has orda9$1 ?an he  
:o has sanction$ su*  a sacram5t8--:y   
infr+e ^u "s ( ! mo/ important words ( a
  ,savi\r8--:y violate t la/ impressive 

comm& ( a ,r$eem]1 by  )hold+ f ! p a   
"r1 :i*1 if duly adm9i/]$1 mu/  prove   
highly b5eficial to ! receiv]8          
,equivocation may give an answ]  to su* 
int]rogations1 b cool & dispassionate   
reason w receive no  apology4        ,,!
 ,,conclusion4      ,my fri5ds1 !re 0 a 
"t :5 ! dungeon or ! scaffold w\ld be  !
 tempor>y b c]ta9 aw>d ( ^! my humble   
ef=ts = religion--a  "t :5 ! mo/        
exquisite ( tortures w\ld foll[ a simil>
  ann\ncem5t ( pr9ciple--a "t :5 !      
inquisitorial rack w\ld ei!r  extort a  
recantation ( su* s5tim5ts1 or po9t to  
"s pa9ful dea?  z a necess>y consequ5ce 
( _! av[al--a "t :5 ! ,papal arm _h     
wield$ an ungov]nable sway ov] !        
c\ntries ( ,europe2 & :5  secul> p[] 0 s
 entw9$ ar\nd ! ecclesia/ical diadem1 t 
a  ,pontiff's nod might be once consid]$
 z a suffici5t gu>antee = !  deposition 
( a mon>*--a "t :5 a ,pope ,gregory !   
,sev5? #dd  deta9$ a ,h5ry ! ,f\r?1 (   
,g]many1 = ?ree days nak$ & fa/+  at 8  
gates1 & su+ = m]cy & absolution--a "t  

:5 9 ! days  ( a ,pope ,innoc5t ! ,?ird 
#de;a ! ,briti% cr[n _h la9 b5ea? !     
feet ( ,papal au?ority2 & :5 a ,john (  
,engl& 0 =c$ to yield  obeisance to t   
edict :i* proclaim$ absolution to a p f 
_! due allegiance to a mon>*4  ,yes1 my 
fri5ds1 !re 0 ano!r  p]iod ( "t :5      
individuals1 "u ! pretext ( religion1 & 
"u1 if n ! influ5ce1 at lea/ ! sanction 
( ecclesia/ical  p[]1 _h frequ5t rec\rse
 to acts ( puni%m5t :i* no religi\s     
cre$ %\ld tol]ate--a "t :5 ! manly &    
religi\s s5tim5ts ( a  ,"l ,cobham #de;b
 _h enk9dl$ = 8 body ! fire (           
p]secution2 &  :5 ! op5 av[al ( a       
,ridley1 a ,hoop]1 a ,cranm]1 & a       
,latim]1  #de;c _h impress$ ^u _! br[ ! 
indelible s5t5ce ( religi\s  m>tyrdom4  
,b bless$ be ,god = all ?+s1 ^? times   
are pa/1 &  we n[ live 9 days :5 a m    
ref9$ civilization has contract$ !      
unlawful /ret* ( ,roman *ur* au?ority1 &
 :5 ! intellig5ce (  mank9d po9ts out to
 a saf] way = ! glori\s _s ( religi\s   
tol]ation4    ,yes1 8old ?+s are pass+  

away1 behold all ?+s are becom+ new40   
,ev5 ! n>r[ compass ( y\r own days1     
furni%es to ! reflect+  m9d a pro( ( !  
comp>ative enlight5m5t ( ! times2 &     
gives to  religi\s hope a m consol+     
assurance ( a bett] futurity4  ,t  spell
 :i* kept y\r m9ds 9 unscriptural       
d>kness1 is n[ brok52 =  y\r ,bi%ops h  
at l5g? come to ! resolution ( lett+ !  
,gospel  light among y4  ,a *eap edition
 ( ! ,d\ay ,bible has be5 lately        
publi%$ = y\r p>ticul> in/ruction2 & !  
,prie/ t w\ld n[  )hold x f y\r p]usal  
mu/ und\bt$ly wi% to make a traffic (   
y\r ignorance4  ,! numb] ( y\r holydays 
is curtail$--^? days  :i* 7 (t5 sp5t by 
"s ( y amid ! sc5es ( drunk5  rev]ies1  
or 9 ! circles ( lawless assemblages4   
,y\r ,saturday  ab/95ce1 :i* !          
sup]/iti\s times ( a ,gregory ! ,sev5?  
_h  g5]at$1 is n[ aboli%$2 all ( :i*    
circum/ances mu/ =m a  rem>kable epo* 9 
! discipl9e ( ! ,roman ,*ur*4  ,! numb] 
(  y\r res]v$ cases is also dim9i%$4  ,b
 "h x may be requisite to  apprise "s ( 

my read]s ( ! mean+ :i* ,roman cr$ulity 
atta*es  to ! res]vation ( cases4  ,a   
res]v$ case is g5]ally t]m$ t  f :i* an 
ord9>y confessor _c absolve 8 p5it5t )\t
 a  special privilege f 8 ,bi%op4  ,?us 
= in/ance1 "s "t ago x  0 a res]v$ case 
= any ( y to he> in/ructions 9 a        
,prote/ant  h\se ( wor%ip4  ,i h kn[n an
 in/ance :5 a respectable ,roman        
,ca?olic1 :o is n[ ( consid]able        
influ5ce at ! b>1 0 publicly  d5\nc$ f  
an alt>1 = ! m]e fact ( att5d+ a *>ity  
s]mon  prea*$ by a ,prote/ant cl]gyman4 
,b1 my fri5ds1 x seems t !  progress (  
ye>s may dive/ crimes ( _! hide\sness2 &
 t ?is1  :i* 0 once reckon$ a res]v$    
case1 may be n[ c\nt$ among !  numb] (  
y\r ord9>y s9s2 =1 ,i am n[ happy to    
in=m y1 t any  (ficiat+ curate or p>i%  
prie/ has obta9$ ! suppos$ privilege  ( 
absolv+ y f ! imput$ s9 ( receiv+       
in/ruction4    ,i hope y w avail        
y\rselves ( :atev] advantages !         
intellig5ce  ( ! times may af=d3 & t !  
n>r[ or selfi% views ( man w  no long]  

control y 9 ! ex]cise ( y\r judgm5t4    
,rememb] t  8! ^w ( ,god is fire tri$10 
& t x has ev] c\rt$  inve/igation1 :ile 
falsehood has always %runk f inquiry4   
,i "k  !re are _m among ! lay portion ( 
,roman ,ca?olics1 :o w\ld  anxi\sly sev]
 ! l9k ( _! nom9al adhesion to ,roman   
doctr9e1 b  _! fe>s ( an aft] p]secution
 prev5t an av[$ ackn[l$gm5t (  error4   
,b1 my fri5ds1 rememb] t ! tr\bles ( ?is
 life are n  to be comp>$ ) ! glory t   
awaits u 9 ! next4  8,= 7z !  ,apo/le   
says7 our light affliction1 :i* is b = a
 mom5t1 worke?  = u a f> m exce$+ &     
et]nal weight ( glory40 #dg;a  ,i pray  
!n1 8,t ! ,god ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 !
 ,fa!r ( glory1 may  give unto y ! _s ( 
wisdom & revelation 9 ! k (  him2 t !   
eyes ( y\r und]/&+ be+ enlight5$1 ye may
 "k  :at is ! hope ( 8 call+0 #dg;b--& t
 ye may be /r5g!n$ to  say ) me 9 !     
words ( ! ,psalmi/1 8,9 ,god ,i w praise
 8 ^w2  9 ,god ,i h put my tru/2 ,i w n 
fe> :at fle% c d unto me40  ,psalms #ef?
 *ap4 #d? v]se4          ,,footnotes4   

#cj  ,see ,hayes's ,s]mon ,i4    #ca    
,see ,ni*olson's ,philosophy1 vol4 #a4  
#dc  ,see ,s*effmak]'s ,polemical       
,cate*ism1 translat$ by ,copp+]1 !      
,roman ,ca?olic ,bi%op ( ,cloyne4    #dd
  ,9 ! elev5? c5tury4    #de;a  ,9 !    
?irte5? c5tury4    #de;b  ,9 ! fifte5?  
c5tury4    #de;c  ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury4  
#dg;a  #b ,cor4 #d? *ap4 #ag? v]se4     
#dg;b  ,ephes4 #a/ *ap4 #ag-ah v]ses4