,dep>tm5t ( ,culture1 ,recreation & ,t\rism ,l\isiana ,ar*aeological ,survey & ,antiquities ,commission ,an?ropological ,/udy ,no4 #h ,,bailey',s ,,dam ,baton ,r\ge1 ,l\isiana ,illu/ration3 ,port]'s fleet pass+ ! dam at ,alex&ria4 ,f ,h>p]'s ,pictorial ,hi/ory ( ! ,civil ,w>1 ,may #ahfd4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,libr>y ( ,congress4 ,,/ate ,,( ,,l\isiana ,edw9 ,w4 ,edw>ds ,gov]nor ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,culture1 ,,recreation ,,& ,,t\rism ,noelle ,le,blanc ,secret>y ,,ar*aeological ,,survey ,,& ,,antiquities ,,commission ,ex-,(ficio ,memb]s ,dr4 ,ka?le5 ,byrd ,/ate ,ar*aeologi/ ,mr4 ,rob]t ,b4 ,assi/ant ,secret>y1 ,(fice ( ,cultural ,de,blieux ,developm5t ,mr4 ,b4 ,jim ,port] ,secret>y1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,natural ,res\rces ,mrs4 ,doro?y ,m4 ,secret>y1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,urban & ,taylor ,community ,affairs ,appo9t$ ,memb]s ,dr4 ,*>les ,e4 ,ors]1 ,jr4 ,mr4 ,brian ,j4 ,duhe ,mr4 ,m>c ,dupuy1 ,jr4 ,dr4 ,lorra9e ,he>tfield ,dr4 ,j4 ,ri*>d ,%5kel ,mrs4 ,lani] ,simmons ,dr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,webb ,publi%$ ,m>* #aihf ,?is public docum5t 0 publi%$ at a total co/ ( #c1iie4jj4 ,n9ety-five hundr$ copies ( ?is public docum5t 7 publi%$ 9 ?is fir/ pr9t+ at a co/ ( #c1iie4jj4 ,! total co/ ( all pr9t+s ( ?is docum5t includ+ repr9ts is #c1iie4jj4 ,?is docum5t 0 publi%$ = ! ,division ( ,ar*aeology by ,b\rque ,pr9t+1 ,inc41 ,p4,o4 ,box #dejgj1 ,baton ,r\ge1 ,,la #gjhie-djgj to make available to ! citiz5s ( ,l\isiana in=mation ab\t prehi/oric & hi/oric ar*aeology "u au?orization ( ,la4 ,r4,s4 #da3afja-afac4 ,?is mat]ial 0 pr9t$ 9 accordance ) /&>ds = pr9t+ by /ate ag5cies e/abli%$ pursuant to ,r4,s4 #dc3ca4 ,pr9t+ ( ?is mat]ial 0 pur*as$ 9 accordance ) ! provisions ( ,title #dc ( ! ,l\isiana ,revis$ ,/atutes4 ,?is publication has be5 fund$ entirely by ! ,u4,s4 ,army ,corp ( ,eng9e]s1 ,vicksburg ,di/rict4 ,,bailey',s ,,dam ,/ev5 ,d4 ,smi? ,division ( ,ar*aeology ,george ,j4 ,ca/ille ,,iii ,coa/al ,environm5ts1 ,inc4 ,i tru/ "s future hi/orian w treat ?is matt] z x des]ves to be treat$1 because x is a subject 9 :i* ! :ole c\ntry %\ld feel an int]e/1 & ! noble m5 :o succe$$ s admirably 9 ?is ardu\s task %\ld n lose "o atom ( cr$it s ju/ly due !m4 --,re> ,admiral ,david ,d4 ,port] ,may #af1 #ahfd ,lett] to ,hon4 ,gideon ,welles ,,/ate ,,ar*aeologi/',s ,,note ,l\isiana has a ri* cultural h]itage dat+ back ov] #ab1jjj ye>s4 ,dur+ ^! #ab1jjj ye>s1 _m diff]5t peoples h liv$ & work$ 9 ! /ate4 ,ar*aeologi/s1 :o /udy ! rema9s ( ^! long gone p1 le>n mu* ab\t _! ways ( life4 ,! ,an?ropological ,/udy s]ies publi%$ by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,culture1 ,recreation & ,t\rism provides a readable acc\nt ( ! v>i\s activities ( ^! diff]5t gr\ps4 ,bailey's ,dam is ! eigh? 9 ?is s]ies4 ,! ,bailey's ,dam volume is some:at diff]5t ?an its pr$ecessors 9 t x highlights a relatively rec5t ev5t ( ,l\isiana's long cultural pa/--! build+ ( ,bailey's ,dam dur+ ! ,civil ,w>4 ,! rese>* = ?is volume result$ f "w initiat$ by ! ,u4,s4 ,army ,corps ( ,eng9e]s1 ,vicksburg ,di/rict to record important hi/orical res\rces )9 ! ,r$ ,riv] ,wat]way ,project4 ,/ev5 ,d4 ,smi? ( ! ,division ( ,ar*aeology & ,george ,j4 ,ca/ille ,,iii ( ,coa/al ,environm5ts1 ,inc41 ! au?ors ( ?is volume1 h tak5 ! te*nical reports result+ f ?is rese>* & h provid$ a v readable acc\nt ( ! ev5ts surr\nd+ ! con/ruction ( ,bailey's ,dam4 ,! ,corps ( ,eng9e]s fund$ ! publication ( ?is volume4 ,we are pleas$ to make ! ,bailey's ,dam /ory available & tru/ t y w enjoy ?is volume4 ,ka?le5 ,byrd ,,ackn[l$gem5ts ,?is booklet is a syn!sis ( two1 m detail$ & s*ol>ly1 manuscripts ab\t ! hi/ory ( ,bailey's ,dam sponsor$ by ! ,vicksburg ,di/rict1 ,u4,s4 ,army ,corps ( ,eng9e]s4 ,^! two excell5tly prep>$ docum5ts are 8,gunboats1 ,l[ ,wat]1 ,yankee ,+5uity3 ,a ,hi/ory ( ,bailey's ,dam0 by ,dr4 ,mi*ael ,c4 ,rob9son1 ,division ,hi/orian1 ,l[] ,mississippi ,valley ,division1 ,u4,s4 ,army ,corps ( ,eng9e]s1 & 8,ar*aeological ,inve/igation & ,prep>ation ( ,hi/oric ,am]ican ,eng9e]+ ,record ,docum5tation = ,l[] ,bailey's ,dam 7#af,,ra#ij71 ,rapides ,p>i%1 ,l\isiana0 by ,david ,b4 ,kelley & ,george ,j4 ,ca/ille1 ar*aeologi/s ) ,coa/al ,environm5ts1 ,inc4 ,und\bt$ly1 we owe ,dr4 ,rob9son & ,mr4 ,kelley a great deal ( ?anks = all[+ u to use _! rese>* to complete ?is booklet4 ,we also w\ld l to ?ank ,corps ar*aeologi/s ,kate ,y>br\gh1 ,?omas ,bir*ett1 & ,%eila ,lewis = _! help4 ,f9ally1 ?is booklet w\ld n h be5 possible )\t ! edit+ skills ( ar*aeologi/ ,nancy ,w4 ,hawk9s ( ! ,l\isiana ,division ( ,ar*aeology4 ,illu/ration3 ,na?aniel ,banks4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,national ,ar*ives4 ,illu/ration3 ,david ,port]4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,national ,ar*ives4 ,illu/ration3 ,joseph ,bailey4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,national ,ar*ives4 ,,introduction ,major ,g5]al ,na?aniel ,p4 ,banks1 ,union comm&] ( ! ,r$ ,riv] milit>y exp$ition1 f\nd himself 9 a p>ticul>ly tight situation 9 ,april ( #ahfd4 ,he _h be5 defeat$ at ! ,battle ( ,mansfield :ile attempt+ to capture ,%reveport1 ,l\isiana1 & n[ he 0 retreat+ d[n ! ,r$ ,riv]1 h>ass$ by ,conf$]ate troops at e turn4 ,?r\gh\t ! campaign1 ! riv]'s l[ wat] level _h be5 a con/ant problem to 8 naval support ( gunboats "u ! comm& ( ,re> ,admiral ,david ,d4 ,port]4 ,n[1 ,banks & ,port] discov]$ t ! riv] 0 s l[ t ! gunboats 7 trapp$ above ! rapids at ,alex&ria4 ,to save ! flotilla1 ,lieut5ant ,colonel ,joseph ,bailey sugge/$ t ! riv] c\ld be damm$ to raise ! wat] level & float ! gunboats ov] ! %all[ rapids4 ,despite ! d\bts & je]s ( _m1 ,banks au?oriz$ ,bailey to beg9 con/ruction4 ,?r\gh ! next two weeks1 troops /ruggl$ to build ! dam :i* ev5tually made x possible = ! fleet to escape4 ,9 #aigf ! ar*aeological rema9s ( ,bailey's ,dam 7 plac$ on ! ,national ,regi/] ( ,hi/oric ,places1 & ?r\gh #aihf1 !y c\ld be se5 at times ( l[ wat]4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,u4,s4 ,army ,corps ( ,eng9e]s is con/ruct+ a mod]n lock & dam d[n/ream ( ?is hi/oric site1 & ! ,r$ ,riv] w p]man5tly cov] ,bailey's ,dam4 ,recogniz+ ! hi/orical & ar*aeological importance ( ! dam1 ! ,corps sponsor$ ar*aeological excavations !re 9 #aihd4 ,?is booklet relates ! hi/ory & ar*aeology ( ! dam complex1 a s]ies ( diff]5t types ( dams collectively call$ ,bailey's ,dam4 ,! /ory comb9es ! ri* annals ( ! #ahfd ,r$ ,riv] ,campaign ) ! f9ds ( mod]n ar*aeological inve/igations4 ,?is comb9ation provides a fasc9at+ glimpse into a desp]ate p]iod 9 ,l\isiana hi/ory4 ,,advance ,,to ,,%reveport ,mississippi ,squadron1 ,flag%ip ,black ,hawk1 (f ,r$ ,riv]1 ,m>* #b1 #ahfd4 ,,sir3 ,i came d[n "h anticipat+ a move on ! "p ( ! army up t[>d ,%reveport1 b z ! riv] is l[] ?an x has be5 kn[n to be = ye>s1 ,i mu* fe> t ! comb9$ movem5t c n come (f1 )\t int]f]+ ) plans =m$ by ,g5]al ,grant4444 ,! ,mississippi ,riv] is v quiet1 & ! rebels retreat$ into ! int]ior on he>+ ( ! advance ( ! gunboats4 ,i am1 sir1 v respectfully1 y\r ob$i5t s]vant1 ,david ,d4 ,port] ,re>-,admiral4 7,port] #aiad3g7 ,) ?is communication to ! ,secret>y ( ! ,navy1 ,re> ,admiral ,david ,d4 ,port] =etold ! crisis t w\ld come close to de/roy+ 8 squadron ( gunboats two mon?s lat]4 ,l[ wat] on ! ,r$ ,riv] 9 e>ly ,m>* 0 an unexpect$ sight4 ,s9ce #ahee ! annual spr+ rise _h appe>$ )\t fail4 ,b n[ 9 #ahfd1 :ile ,port] wait$ at ! m\? ( ! ,r$ ,riv] = 8 fleet to assemble & = ,major ,g5]al ,na?aniel ,p4 ,banks's army to beg9 its m>* nor? f ,frankl91 ,l\isiana1 ! ,r$ ,riv]'s wat] level 0 caus+ ,port] to h d\bts ab\t ! upcom+ campaign4 ,d\bts conc]n+ ! ,r$ ,riv] ,campaign 7 %>$ by o!r ,f$]al (fic]s1 b = diff]5t reasons4 ,! necessity ( a ?ru/ up ! ,r$ ,riv] 9 #ahfd _h be5 debat$ s9ce ! fall ( ,vicksburg ! previ\s ye>4 ,g5]als ,grant & ,%]man1 & ev5 ! ,r$ ,riv] exp$ition's comm&]1 ,g5]al ,banks1 believ$ t ! ,nor?'s next logical milit>y objective 0 to capture ,mobile1 ,alabama4 ,b ,comm&+ ,g5]al ( ! ,army ,h5ry ,w4 ,halleck & ,presid5t ,l9coln felt t control ( ,texas 0 urg5tly ne$$ to keep ,mexico f jo9+ ! ,s\!rn cause4 ,! ,r$ ,riv] pres5t$ ! be/ r\te to ,texas4 ,illu/ration3 ,map ( ! ,r$ ,riv] campaign1 %[+ ! r\tes ( ! ,union army & navy4 ,,r$ ,,riv] ,,campaign ,army ,r\te ,navy ,r\te ,,%reveport ,loggy ,bay\ ,mansfield ,gr& ,ecore ,pleasant ,hill ,sab9e ,riv] ,r$ ,riv] ,bailey's ,dam ,,alex&ria ,ft4 ,de ,russy ,mississippi ,riv] ,port]'s ,assembly ,area ,!re 0 ano!r und]ly+ reason = ! exp$ition1 :i* may h *ang$ ,banks's m9d4 ,! ,r$ ,riv] area 0 rumor$ to conta9 l>ge /ores ( cotton critically ne$$ by ! ,nor?4 ,"s hi/orians feel t ,banks's desire to secure ?is cotton influ5c$ 8 decision to promote ! campaign1 & t ! capture ( cotton became all important to him4 ,aft] ! campaign1 ! ,jo9t ,committee on ! ,conduct ( ! ,w> *>g$ t ! exp$ition fail$ because ,banks & ,port] 7 ov]ly conc]n$ ab\t captur+ cotton4 ,h[ mu* _! att5tion /ray$ is unkn[n1 b x is true t competition betwe5 ! army & navy = cotton caus$ great t5sion dur+ ! campaign4 ,at ,alex&ria soldi]s 7 ang]$ 8to see ! navy seiz+ ! cotton = prize on l&1 :ile !y did n get any0 7,j4,c4,c4,w4 n4d43#ah1gd74 ,:atev] ! real motivation = ! campaign1 ! (ficial milit>y objective 0 ,%reveport4 ,once ,%reveport 0 9 ,union control1 ,texas w\ld lay op5 to invasion4 ,to capture ,%reveport1 ,banks's army1 support$ by ,port]'s flotilla1 w\ld drive up ! ,r$ ,riv] :ile ano!r =ce "u ,major ,g5]al ,fr$]ic ,/eele w\ld move s\? f ,arkansas4 ,oppos+ ! ,f$]al attack 9 ,l\isiana 0 ,conf$]ate ,major ,g5]al ,ri*>d ,taylor1 :o _h only ar\nd #f1jjj troops scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ,l\isiana 9 ,monroe1 ,alex&ria1 ,m>ksville1 & on ,bay\ ,te*e4 ,badly outnumb]$1 ,taylor work$ to ga!r 8 =ces & !n wait$ = re9=cem5ts f ,texas s he c\ld ev5tually make a /&4 ,on ,m>* #ab1 #ahfd1 ,port] began 8 move up ! ,r$ ,riv]4 ,)9 ?ree days1 he captur$ ,=t ,de ,russy1 ne> ,m>ksville1 ) ! help ( a deta*m5t ( infantry4 ,mean:ile1 ,banks's ma9 army began its m>* nor? f ,frankl91 ,l\isiana1 fight+ ra9 & muck4 ,illu/ration3 ,ri*>d ,taylor4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,l\isiana ,/ate ,libr>y4 ,! =w>d units ( ! army rea*$ ,alex&ria on ,m>* #bd4 ,arriv+ z a tir$ yet conqu]+ army1 !y _h already travel$ #afe muddy road miles4 ,/ill1 8! colors 7 unfurl$1 ! b& /ruck up1 & ! m5 m>*$ ?r\gh ! /reets0 ) ,banks wat*+ ! troops pass 9 review f a h\se v]&a 7,bee*] #ahff3bih-bii74 ,once assembl$1 ! ,f$]al =ces numb]$ ne>ly #cj1jjj troops1 #ac gunboats1 & #fj assort$ transport vessels4 ,"h ,banks & ,port] _h _! second w>n+ t ! ,r$ ,riv] 0 n go+ to coop]ate4 ,x quickly became obvi\s t ! exp$ition w\ld be delay$ by ! l[ wat] at ! rapids4 ,al?\gh ev5tually ! wat] level rose1 ! exp$ition 0 =c$ to leave _m vessels beh9d4 ,nor? ( ,alex&ria1 ,port]'s fleet consi/$ ( only #ab gunboats & #cj transports4 ,to c>ry all ! supplies ne$$ by ! army1 wagons _h to be us$ to make up = ! supply boats left 9 ,alex&ria4 ,banks 0 also =c$ to leave beh9d troops to protect ! fleet & ! t[n4 ,:ile !y wait$ = ! ,r$ to rise1 ! soldi]s & sailors _h to use ! wat] = wa%+ & cook+4 ,z "o memb] ( ! #aad? ,new ,york describ$ x3 ,x is a dirty1 sluggi% /ream1 ab\t ! eigh? ( a mile wide1 fl[+ 9 an extremely crook$ *annel4 ,its b5ds & curves are s exagg]at$ t !y seem almo/ unnatural4444 ,9 all ! wat] *>g$ ) mud :i* our m5 _h be5 compell$ to dr9k1 !y _h nev] be=e se5 any?+ t came s ne> be+ a compromise betwe5 e>? & wat] z ! ,r$ ,riv] 7,bee*] #ahff3bii-cjj74 ,illu/ration3 ,u4,s4 fleet 9 ! ,r$ ,riv] at ,alex&ria4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,l\isiana ,/ate ,libr>y4 ,naturally1 ! delays 9 ,alex&ria 7 a gods5d to ,conf$]ate ,g5]al ,taylor4 ,"s #e1jjj cavalry re9=cem5ts arriv$ f ,texas to help block ! ,yankee advance f ,alex&ria4 ,n[1 despite /ill be+ outnumb]$1 ,taylor boldly look$ = an opportunity to engage ,banks be=e !y rea*$ ,%reveport4 ,z ,taylor lat] relat$ 9 8 memoirs1 8,my confid5ce ( success 9 ! imp5d+ engagem5t 0 inspir$ by accurate k ( ! ,f$]al movem5ts1 z well z ! "* ( _! comm&]1 ,g5]al ,banks1 ^: measure _h be5 tak5 9 ! ,virg9ia campaigns ( #ahfb & s9ce0 7,taylor #ahgi3afa74 ,taylor's opportunity came :5 ,banks rea*$ ,gr& ,ecore1 a l&+ nor? ( ,nat*ito*es4 ,!re1 ,banks decid$ t ! bulk ( 8 l& =ces w\ld approa* ,%reveport along a n>r[ road1 twi/+ away f ! ,r$ ,riv] & pass+ ?r\gh ! villages ( ,pleasant ,hill & ,mansfield4 ,?is decision prev5t$ ,banks's army & ,port]'s gunboats f mutually support+ ea* o!r dur+ _! advance4 ,! army soon became /rung out = "s #bj miles along ! sl5d] road ,banks *ose4 ,await+ him ne> ,mansfield on ,april #h 7 ,taylor's small] b bett] conc5trat$ =ces4 ,9 ! battle1 ! tir$ ,f$]al troops panick$ & 7 ?r[n back d[n ! road4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,conf$]ate *>ge at ! ,battle ( ,pleasant ,hill4 ,f ,h>p]'s ,weekly1 ,may #g1 #ahfd ,c\rtesy ( ,edw9 ,adams ,davis4 ,! next day ,banks 0 able to pull 8 army toge!r4 ,!y /ood aga9/ ,taylor's attack at ,pleasant ,hill1 =c+ ! ,conf$]ates to )draw4 ,b despite ?is success1 ,banks 0 left ) a di%e>t5$ army t 0 quickly los+ confid5ce 9 8 lead]%ip4 ,aft] ! retreat to ,gr& ,ecore1 "o 8(fic] 9 high position0 ev5 sugge/$ putt+ ,banks on a /eam] to ,new ,orleans 7,h(fman #ahgg3if-ig74 ,,retreat ,,to ,,alex&ria ,9 spite ( 8 army's loss ( c\rage1 ,banks want$ to cont9ue ! attack4 ,b realiz+ t ! troops 7 disc\rag$1 & t ,g5]al ,/eele 0 n com+ d[n f ,arkansas to support ! ,union attack on ,%reveport1 ,banks's (fic]s conv9c$ him to fall back to ,alex&ria4 ,) ?is turn ( ev5ts1 ! campaign's goal ( captur+ ,%reveport 0 all b =gott54 ,n[ ! ma9 conc]n ( ,banks & ,port] 0 to get _! troops & boats out ( ! ,r$ ,riv] area :ile keep+ _! =ces intact4 ,aft] ,port]'s gunboats return$ to ,gr& ,ecore f _! own advance up/ream1 ! dispirit$ soldi]s began _! retreat4 ,conf$]ate ,g5]al ,taylor 0 n[ 9 a position to d real damage to ! ,union exp$ition4 ,conf$]ate cavalry con/antly torm5t$ ! retreat+ ,union =ces along ! road to ,alex&ria4 ,mean:ile1 o!rs ambu%$ ! gunboats along ! twi/+ riv]banks4 ,! riv] itself resi/$ ! ,f$]als z ! boats cont9ually ran agr\nd 9 ! %all[ /ream4 ,"o gunboat1 ! ,ea/port1 0 sunk by a rebel m9e1 refloat$1 t[$1 run agr\nd sev]al times1 & f9ally bl[n up by ! navy1 to prev5t h] f be+ captur$ by ,taylor's rebels4 ,frank ,*ur*1 a ,m>9e (fic] abo>d ! t9clad ,cricket1 describ$ :at mu/ h be5 a typical skirmi% dur+ ! retreat3 ,we _h n be5 fir$ ^u = "s "t & 7 all sitt+ d[n n ?9k+ ( gu]rillas :5 we 7 op5$ on by ab\t a hundr$ m54 ,my m5 sprang to _! feet & fir$ back4 ,i put two %ots ?r\gh ! front door ( ! h\se :]e !re 7 sev]al m54 ,aft] ,i fir$ ?ree %ots our boat swung ar\nd & got agr\nd leav+ u )\t a brea/work4 ,my m5 behav$ spl5didly /&+ up & fir+ away :ile !y 7 s5d+ a p]fect %[] ( ball & %ot ov] u4 ,z we c\ld n get any opportunity to use our rifles to advantage ,i ord]$ my m5 to lay d[n until we swung ar\nd4 ,i s\ght protection beh9d ! bell b "s fell[ saw me & fir$ at me--two bullets /ruck ! bell & ,i conclud$ ,i _h bett] get some:]e else 7,jones & ,keu*el #aige3dh-ej74 ,illu/ration3 ,! t9clad gunboat ,cricket4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,libr>y ( ,congress4 ,ev5tually1 ! army & its naval support made _! way back to ,alex&ria1 :]e ! re/ ( ! ,union =ces wait$4 ,z ! we>y ,yankees dragg$ into ! t[n1 an (fic] record$ 9 8 di>y3 ,april #be--;,at #c o'clock ,p4,m41 to-day1 we rea*$ ,alex&ria1 & encamp$ on ! riv]1 j above ! t[n4 ,! army pres5t$ ! appe>ance ( hav+ se5 h>d s]vice1 & a long campaign4 ,! m5 7 dirty & ragg$1 "s ( !m %oeless4 ,our tra9s 7 some:at dilapidat$1 ! sn[y cov]s ( a mon? ago 7 du/ cov]$1 & "s 9 tatt]s2 ! horses & mules z ne>ly fagg$ out z ! m54 ,h[ unlike ! army :i* a mon? ago m>*$ s pr\dly ?r\gh ! /reets ( ?is t[n 7,pellet #ahff3bbi74 ,by ,april #bh1 ,banks & ,port] _h reassembl$ _! =ces at ,alex&ria4 ,n[ ! l[ wat] dilemma1 :i* _h teas$ & ?reat5$ ! fleet ?r\gh\t ! campaign1 became a crisis4 ,! wat] 9 ! ,r$ _h dropp$ s l[ t portions ( ! rocky rapids 7 expos$1 & at "s po9ts1 ! wat] 0 only #c feet deep4 ,ev5 ! lighte/ gunboats ne$$ at lea/ #g feet ( wat] to pass4 ,t5 ( ,port]'s gunboats 7 trapp$ above ! rapids4 ,unless "s means 7 f\nd to get !m bel[ ! rapids1 !y w\ld h to be de/roy$ l ! ,ea/port1 o!rwise !y w\ld be lo/ to ! rebels4 ,:ile _m (fic]s1 includ+ ! exp$ition's =mally tra9$ eng9e]s1 7 prep>+ = ! disa/r\s loss ( ! backbone ( ,port]'s fleet1 ,lieut5ant ,colonel ,joseph ,bailey 0 propos+ ! solution--a dam4 ,,joseph ,,bailey ,,& ,,8 ,,dam ,milit>y eng9e] ,joseph ,bailey's pres5ce ) ! ,r$ ,riv] exp$ition 01 9 a s5se1 "o ( ^? co9cid5ces ( hi/ory t sometimes result 9 turn+ ! c\rse ( ev5ts4 ,8 k ( eng9e]+ 0 n acquir$ ?r\gh =mal /udy at ,we/ ,po9t4 ,in/ead1 he _h le>n$ practical eng9e]+ on ! ,wiscons9 fronti]1 :]e damm+ 0 a skill p]fect$ by lumb]m5 to float logs to _! sawmills4 ,born 9 ,a%tabula ,c\nty1 ,ohio on ,may #f1 #ahbg1 ,bailey grew up 9 ,ill9ois4 ,9 #ahej he mov$ to ,wiscons91 :]e = ! next #bj ye>s he 0 involv$ 9 ! con/ruction ( dams1 mills1 & bridges4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! w>1 ,bailey =m$ a company ( lumb]m5 & became a capta94 ,soon1 ?\gh1 8 con/ruction g5ius 0 recogniz$ & he 0 sup]vis+ v>i\s eng9e]+ projects = ! ,nor?1 includ+ con/ruction at ,=t ,dix 9 ,wa%+ton ,d4,c4 & ! attempts to build canals dur+ ! ,vicksburg campaign4 ,9 #ahfc ,bailey won di/9ction at ! battle ( ,port ,hudson4 ,!re1 despite ! sc(fs ( =mally tra9$ milit>y eng9e]s1 he con/ruct$ a gun emplacem5t 9 full sight ( rebel =tifications & proce$$ to sil5ce ! ,conf$]ate guns4 ,he also built a dam dur+ ! siege to refloat two gr\nd$ /eamboats4 ,all ?is _h be5 accompli%$ :ile he 01 (ficially1 an (fic] 9 ! ,wiscons9 #d? ,cavalry4 ,recogniz+ ,bailey's tal5t1 ,g5]al ,banks1 )\t au?ority1 promot$ him to colonel4 ,b ?is promotion 0 ! "r ( ! ,gov]nor ( ,wiscons91 & x 0 retract$4 ,in/ead1 ,bailey 0 made a ,lieut5ant ,colonel ( ,volunte]s4 ,bailey 0 infuriat$ at ?is seem+ inju/ice1 & =tunately = ,port]'s /r&$ fleet1 he _h appli$ = & receiv$ a /aff position z eng9e] = ,major ,g5]al ,william ,b4 ,frankl91 "o ( ,banks's (fic]s4 ,to ,bailey1 con/ruct+ a dam to float ! gunboats ov] ! rapids 0 a *all5g+ b n impossible task4 ,aft] all1 he _h und]tak5 simil> "w 9 ,wiscons9 & at ,port ,hudson4 ,9 fact1 he _h =ese5 ! problem z e>ly z ,april #i & (f]$ to con/ruct a dam at t "t4 ,b :ile ,frankl9 lik$ ! idea1 ! matt] 0 n yet critical1 & o!r m important problems ne$$ t5d+4 ,mo/ ( ! /aff (fic]s ?\ght ,bailey's idea 0 outrage\s4 ,port] _h jok$ ab\t an e>li] proposition by ,bailey to build a dam to refloat ! /r&$ gunboat ,ea/port say+3 8,well1 major1 if y c dam bett] ?an ,i c1 y mu/ be a good h& at x1 = ,i h be5 d----g all night0 7,h(fman #ahgg3ii74 ,n[1 ?\gh1 a major "p ( ! fleet 0 ab\t to be lo/ & ,port] in/ruct$ a mess5g]1 8,tell ,g5]al ,frankl9 t if he ,bailey w build a dam or any ?+ else1 & get me out ( ?is scrape1 ,i'll be et]nally grateful to him0 7,h(fman #ahgg3aja74 ,lat]1 ,port] w\ld record t 8! proposition look$ l madness1 & ! be/ eng9e]s ridicul$ x1 b ,colonel ,bailey 0 s sangu9e ( success t ,i reque/$ ,g5]al ,banks to h x done1 & he ent]$ he>tily 9 ! "w0 7,bee*] #ahff3cdb74 ,=tunately1 once ,frankl9 & ,banks decid$ to accept ,bailey's idea1 !y ord]$ ev]yone's coop]ation4 ,"s #c1jjj troops 7 put to "w *opp+ d[n trees1 ga!r+ /ones & bricks1 & dragg+ ! raw mat]ials d[n to :]e ! dam w\ld be con/ruct$4 ,on ! ,p9eville side ( ! riv]1 ,ma9e1 ,new ,york1 & ,wiscons9 soldi]s cut d[n trees1 :ile on ! ,alex&ria side1 black troops 7 put to "w ga!r+ wood f build+s4 ,"o hi/orical acc\nt describes ! sc5e3 ,illu/ration3 ,map %[+ location ( ,bailey's ,dam 9 relation to ,alex&ria dur+ ! ,civil ,w>4 ,,r$ ,,riv] ,,upp] ,,dam ,rapids ,rapids ,,ma9 ,,dam ,rapids ,,p9eville ,,alex&ria ,night & day ! "w 0 c>ri$ on )\t cessation1 ! m5 work+ will+ly & *e]fully1 al?\gh _m 7 compell$ to /& up to _! wai/s 9 wat] dur+ ! damp & *illy nights1 & "u a burn+ sun by day1 & not)/&+ v _m _h no fai? 9 ! success ( ! great und]tak+4444 ,oak1 elm1 & p9e trees 444 7 fall+ to ! gr\nd "u ! bl[s ( ! /alw>t pione]s ( ,ma9e1 be>+ ) !m 9 _! fall trees ( less] gr[?2 mules & ox5 7 dragg+ ! trees1 d5ud$ ( _! bran*es1 to ! riv]'s bank2 wagons heavily load$ 7 mov+ 9 e direction2 flat-boats c>ry+ /one 7 float+ ) ! curr5t1 :ile o!rs 7 be+ drawn up ! /ream 9 ! mann] ( canal boats4 ,mean:ile hundr$s ( m5 7 at "w at ea* end ( ! dam1 mov+ heavy logs to ! out] end ( ! tree-dam1 444 :eel+ brick out to ! cribs1 c>ry+ b>s ( railway iron to ! b>ges1 444 :ile on ea* bank ( ! riv] 7 to be se5 ?\s&s ( spectators1 consi/+ ( (fic]s ( bo? s]vices1 gr\ps ( sailors1 soldi]s1 camp-foll[]s1 & citiz5s ( ,alex&ria1 all eag]ly wat*+ our progress & discuss+ ! *ances ( success 7,moore #ahfh3aa-ab74 ,illu/ration3 ,! t9clad ,signal t[+ mat]ial = ,bailey's ,dam4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,libr>y ( ,congress4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ?is furi\s activity1 ,bailey 0 con/antly on h& direct+ ! con/ruction4 ,on site1 ! soldi]s toil$ ?r\gh ! day & night2 ! slighte/ disob$i5ce 0 h>%ly correct$4 ,two (fic]s 7 ev5 arre/$ = all[+ a b>ge1 :i* 0 to be "p ( ! dam1 to s9k 9 ! wrong place4 ,mean:ile1 on %ore1 ! dam & ,bailey 7 ! ma9 s\rce ( amusem5t4 ,to mo/ ( ! navy1 half ! army1 & mu* ( ! t[nspeople1 ! dam 0 a great joke4 ,^w ( ,bailey's dam quickly spread to ! rebels1 :o w\ld taunt _! enemy ) 8,h['s y\r big dam progress+80 7,moore #ahfh3ab74 ,b ,bailey ignor$ ! wisecracks & conc5trat$ on 8 plan4 ,,eng9e]+ ,,& ,,ar*aeology ,dur+ ! ,civil ,w>1 ! rapids at ,alex&ria 7 compos$ ( rocky outcropp+s ( s&/one & silt/one =m+ %oals along a mile /ret* ( ! ,r$ ,riv]1 ev5 at times ( high wat]4 ,at l[ wat]1 ! upp] & l[] ends ( ! rapids 7 expos$4 ,long be=e ! w>1 ! rapids _h be5 a problem to riv] traffic4 ,:5 ! wat] 0 l[1 goods be+ transport$ by /eamboat up & d[n ! riv] _h to be unload$1 c>ri$ pa/ ! rapids by wagon1 & reload$ on diff]5t boats4 ,num]\s ideas _h be5 propos$ to improve ! riv] passage2 ev5 ! fam\s ,h5ry ,mill] ,%reve propos$ a solution1 b no action 0 tak54 ,by #ahfd ! only navigational aid at ! rapids 0 a small *annel cut out ( ! rocky riv] bottom4 ,:ile ?is 0 an improvem5t1 ! wat] 0 /ill too l[ to navigate ! rapids dur+ ! campaign4 ,x is a /range twi/ ( hi/ory1 b we c say t today we "k m ab\t "s details ( ,bailey's dam con/ruction ?an did ! soldi]s :o built x4 ,^? m5 7 labor+ day & night to build ! dam z quickly z possible4 ,9 ! confusion & fury ( activity1 !re 0 little "t = anyone b ,bailey to fully compreh5d ! plan4 ,today1 hi/orians h /udi$ ! _m reports & eyewitness acc\nts ( ! dam con/ruction to piece toge!r :at happ5$4 ,9 addition1 c>eful ar*aeological excavation ( ! actual dam rema9s provid$ und5iable evid5ce ( ! te*niques us$4 ,9 #aihd a comb9$ hi/orical & ar*aeological /udy 0 und]tak5 by a hi/orian f ! ,corps ( ,eng9e]s & ar*aeologi/s f ,coa/al ,environm5ts1 ,inc4 ,! results ( _! /udies provide a detail$ view ( ! activities at ,bailey's ,dam & te/ify to ! magnitude ( ,bailey's eng9e]+ feat4 ,hi/orical docum5ts indicate t ,bailey fir/ built 8 dam j above ! l[]1 d[n/ream rapids4 ,!re1 ! riv] 0 ar\nd #geh feet wide1 & a #aj-mile-p]-h\r curr5t ru%$ ov] ! %oals4 ,by con/ruct+ ! dam at t p>ticul> location1 he hop$ ! wat] w\ld rise en\gh beh9d ! dam to all[ ! gunboats to float ov] ! upp] rapids4 ,!n1 ) ! built-up wat] pressure1 ! dam c\ld be brok5 ?r\gh at ! prop] "t & ! gunboats c\ld ru% ov] ! l[] rapids1 c>ri$ by ! =ce ( ! releas$ wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,sket* ( crib dam :i* accompani$ ,colonel ,bailey's report 7,u4,s4 ,w> ,dep>tm5t #ahia-ahie3,plate #ec-c74 ,,crib ,,( ,,/one4 ,iron ,b>s #ad #bb ,ft4 ,iron ,b>s ,foll[+ ,bailey's practical nature1 ! dam 0 built ) any locally available mat]ial readily at h&4 ,to d s1 he us$ diff]5t me?ods ( con/ruction = ea* riv]bank4 ,on ! we/ 7,alex&ria7 bank1 he built ! dam ( l>ge wood5 boxes call$ cribs4 ,bailey con/ruct$ a numb] ( cribs :i* 7 plac$ side by side f ! bank out into ! riv]4 ,ar*aeologi/s inve/igat$ ^! /ructures dur+ a l[ wat] p]iod by c>efully digg+ two small excavation units ar\nd p>tially expos$ crib rema9s4 ,^! units 7 #d feet wide & #h feet long4 ,z ! ar*aeologi/s remov$ ! surr\nd+ mud & dirt & expos$ ! cribs1 !y pa9/ak+ly record$ ! position ( ea* timb] & beam4 ,aft]w>d !y /udi$ _! photographs & notes1 comp>+ _! f9d+s ) ! hi/orical records4 ,hi/orical acc\nts indicate t lumb] f ,alex&ria mills1 homes1 & b>ns 0 quickly /ripp$ = use 9 build+ ! cribs4 ,bricks1 /one1 & ev5 ma*9]y 7 us$ to fill & an*or ! cribs4 ,additionally1 hi/orical illu/rations %[ t iron b>s 7 plac$ v]tically 9 ! f\r corn]s ( ea* crib1 to provide a support+ framework4 ,! evid5ce f mod]n ar*aeological excavations g5]ally supports ! hi/orical acc\nts ) "s int]e/+ v>iations4 ,bo? l9es ( evid5ce te/ify to ! +5uity ( ,lieut5ant ,colonel ,bailey4 ,! excavations reveal$ t ! crib framework 0 con/ruct$ ( h& hewn #d-;by-#aj-;in* timb]s1 :i* is /rong evid5ce t ! lumb] 0 f ne>by build+s4 ,! ends ( ^! timb]s 7 not*$ s t !y fit tightly toge!r at ! corn]s ( ! cribs4 ,! corn]s 7 support$ by small] v]tical wood po/s4 ,h[ev]1 9 ! cribs excavat$ by ! ar*aeologi/s1 !re 0 no evid5ce ( ! iron support b>s4 ,fur!rmore1 !re 0 no evid5ce ( ma*9]y p>ts 9 ! cribs4 ,in/ead1 !y f\nd t ! cribs 7 fill$ mo/ly ) s& & mud & only capp$ ) a lay] ( loose brick & /one4 ,a metal fragm5t ( a l>ge sug> kettle 0 also f\nd among ?is brick & /one4 ,a sug> kettle 0 j ! k9d ( loose b heavy object t c\ld be quickly transport$ to ! cribs = an*or+ mat]ial4 ,on ! ea/ 7,p9eville7 bank1 !re 7 no t[n build+s to /rip = lumb] b !re 01 q conv5i5tly1 a =e/4 ,) abundant trees available1 ,bailey con/ruct$ a 8self-load+0 tree dam4 ,accord+ to hi/orical diagrams1 trees 7 /ack$ l5g?wise ) ! fl[ ( ! /ream4 ,! up/ream treetops 7 an*or$ to ! riv] bottom ) /ones4 ,! d[n/ream trunks 7 rais$ high] ?an ! up/ream tops by alt]nat+ lay]s ( o!r logs runn+ p]p5dicul> to1 or across1 ! /ream4 ,?is te*nique pres5t$ a dam face ( logs angl$ upw>d ) ! /ream fl[4 ,z ! riv] 0 held back by ! log face1 ! wat] pressure actually made ! dam /rong] or 8self-load+40 ,illu/ration3 ,sket* ( tree dam :i* accompani$ ,colonel ,bailey's report 7,u4,s4 ,w> ,dep>tm5t #ahia-ahie3,plate #ec-c74 ,! ar*aeological inve/igation ( ! tree dam 0 complet$ 9 a mann] simil> to ! excavations at ! crib /ructures4 ,b "h a tr5* excavation unit 0 dug4 ,?is tr5* 0 #bb feet long & #e feet wide1 & x 0 position$ p>allel to ! fl[ ( ! riv]4 ,dur+ ^! inve/igations1 ! riv] began to rise1 & :5 ! excavation unit 0 f9ally ab&on$1 ! ar*aeologi/s 7 work+ ab\t #b feet bel[ ! wat] level4 ,! field crew 0 successful 9 rea*+ t dep? only ) ! aid ( a wat] pump4 ,ar*aeologi/s _h hop$ to excavate a slice ( ! dam completely d[n to its base1 b attempts to excavate deep] 7 halt$ :5 ! pump c\ld n keep out ! incom+ wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,ar*aeologi/ ,david ,kelley draw+ map ( logs uncov]$ dur+ ! tree dam excavation4 ,! tree dam excavations reveal$ t bo? p9e & h>dwood logs 7 us$ & t ! tree b>k 0 left intact4 ,! tree limbs _h be5 cut (f1 b by obs]v+ ! knots on ! tree trunks1 ar*aeologi/s 7 able to note ! direction 9 :i* ! trees 7 position$4 ,!y f\nd t _m ( ! trees 7 position$ ) _! tops d[n/ream1 exactly opposite ( t %[n 9 hi/orical illu/rations4 ,also1 all ( ! up/ream ends ( ! trees _h be5 trimm$ ( _! bran*es1 & _! tips _h be5 po9t$ ) an axe4 ,spaces betwe5 ! logs 7 fill$ ) s& & mud1 & ! entire /ructure 0 cov]$ ) brick & /one4 ,int]e/+ly1 ! ar*aeologi/s also f\nd a hewn1 octagonal1 wood column among ! logs4 ,! up/ream end ( ! column _h be5 r\gh cut1 seem+ly to fit into t p>ticul> spot 9 ! tree dam4 ,! column 0 mo/ likely a ma/ f a riv]boat4 ,illu/ration3 ,portion ( ! tree dam expos$ dur+ ! l[ wat] 9 ,augu/ #aihd4 ,toge!r1 ! crib & tree dam sections did n cross ! entire #geh-;foot riv]b$4 ,a #aej-;foot gap exi/$ betwe5 ! two dams4 ,to close ?is gap1 f\r coal b>ges 7 us$4 ,:ile ! rema9s ( ^! b>ges 7 n f\nd 9 ! ar*aeological excavations1 hi/orical photographs provide a fairly detail$ picture ( _! appe>ance4 ,^! #bd-;by-#agj-;foot b>ges 7 sunk 9 ! gap1 ly+ l5g?wise ) ! curr5t1 & m /ones1 brick1 & iron rails 7 us$ to an*or !m4 ,braces & ropes1 an*or$ to ! riv]banks1 7 also ne$$ to secure ! b>ges aga9/ ! ris+ wat] pressure4 ,bailey direct$ t ! second b>ge f ! ,alex&ria side be only p>tially fill$ ) an*or+ mat]ials4 ,?is 0 ! b>ge t he hop$ ei!r to ram or bla/ out ( ! way1 creat+ a flood t ! gunboats w\ld ride l kayaks4 ,z x turn$ out1 ,bailey's idea work$1 b n exactly z he w\ld h lik$4 ,illu/ration3 ,build+ ! ,r$ ,riv] ,dam4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,libr>y ( ,congress4 ,,! ,,dam ,,works ,to ! amazem5t ( practically ev]ybody except ,bailey1 ! dam complex 0 work+4 ,by ,may #f1 ! wat] held by ! dam _h ris5 #d feet4 ,by ,may #h1 ! wat] level 0 up #e feet #d in*es4 ,?ree ( ! light] vessels ev5 cross$ ! upp] rapids & n[ wait$ beh9d ! dam = ! heavi] gunboats4 ,z ! soldi]s work$ to f9i% ! dam1 ! wat] cont9u$ to build until ! pressure aga9/ ! dam became trem5d\s4 ,g5]al ,banks fe>$ ! pressure w\ld soon bur/ ! dam1 & ! next day1 at ar\nd #e3cj 9 ! morn+1 "o (fic] 8he>d a great cra%+ 9 ! direction ( ! dam4 ,jump+ out ( ! blankets & slipp+ on my coat1 cap1 & boots1 ,i ran d[n to ! bank4 ,! wat] 0 ru%+ ?r\gh at a great rate0 7,tyson ,may #i1 #ahfd74 ,two ( ! b>ges us$ 9 ! dam _h brok5 loose1 & ! wat] 0 gu%+ ?r\gh4 ,port]1 see+ ! crisis1 quickly ord]$ ! gunboat ,lex+ton to run ! gap3 ,illu/ration3 ,port]'s fleet pass+ ?r\gh ,colonel ,bailey's ,dam above ,alex&ria1 ,may #ahfd4 ,f ,frank ,leslie's ,illu/rat$ ,newspap]1 ,july #af1 #ahfd4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,libr>y ( ,congress4 ,! ,lex+ton succe$$ 9 gett+ ov] ! falls & !n /e]$ directly = ! op5+ 9 ! dam1 ?r\gh :i* ! wat] 0 da%+ s furi\sly t x seem$ z if c]ta9 de/ruction w\ld be h] fate4 ,t5 ?\s& spectators brea?lessly await$ ! result4 ,%e ent]$ ! gap ) a full head ( /eam2 pass$ d[n ! ro>+1 ru%+ torr5t2 made sev]al spasmodic rolls2 hung = a mom5t1 ) a h>%1 grat+ s\nd1 on ! rocks bel[2 0 !n swept into deep wat]1 & r\nd$ to by ! bank ( ! riv]4 ,su* a *e] arose f t va/ multitude ( sailors & soldi]s1 :5 ! noble vessel 0 se5 9 safety bel[ ! falls1 z we _h nev] he>d be=e1 & c]ta9ly h n he>d s9ce 7,moore #ahfh3ab74 ,! ,lex+ton's run 0 foll[$ by ! ?ree gunboats wait+ beh9d ! dam4 ,_h ! re/ ( ! fleet be5 prep>$1 all ( ! boats might h escap$ at t "t4 ,h[ev]1 ! navy's lack ( confid5ce 9 ! dam _h giv5 way to apa?y1 & z ! releas$ wat] ru%$ ?r\gh ! break1 valuable "t 0 wa/$ z ! fleet ga!r$ /eam to attempt ! run4 ,ev5tually1 ! wat] beh9d ! dam fell & six gunboats /ill rema9$ trapp$4 ,b ! ,lex+ton's adv5ture _h prov5 t ! dam c\ld "w1 & troops confid5tly w5t back to "w4 ,bailey worri$ t ! dam w\ld break aga9 & decid$ to leave ! #gj-;foot gap 9 ! dam z x 04 ,b ?is "t he add$ small]1 light] dams ne> ! upp] rapids4 ,l ! dam sections at ! l[] rapids1 bo? crib & tree dam me?ods 7 employ$4 ,^! dams help$ *annel ! wat] :ile r$uc+ ! pressure on ! ma9 dam4 ,?us1 in/ead ( rely+ on "o dam to hold back ! wat] until ano!r run c\ld be made1 a s]ies ( dams 7 built to create a deep *annel ( wat] along ! :ole c\rse ( ! %oals 9 t "p ( ! ,r$ ,riv]4 ,un=tunately1 dur+ ,coa/al ,environm5ts's ar*aeological excavations1 ?is dam complex at ! upp] rapids 0 believ$ to be de/roy$ by mod]n developm5t4 ,lat]1 ! ,u4,s4 ,army ,corps ( ,eng9e]s conduct$ an und]wat] survey1 locat+ :at cle>ly appe> to be p>ts ( ^! upp] works4 ,if s1 ^! subm]g$ dam sections are pres]v$ s t p]haps som$ay ar*aeologi/s may h an opportunity to inve/igate m ( ,bailey's eng9e]+ feat4 ,:ile ! army labor$ to build ! upp] dam1 ! navy1 m confid5t ( rescue1 work$ to light5 ! loads on ! trapp$ gunboats4 ,f ,may #aj ?r\gh #ab1 ! rema9+ gunboats above ! rapids /ruggl$ ?r\gh ! upp] %oals to ! pool beh9d ! ma9 dam4 ,yet ano!r dam _h to be built to refloat a gunboat t got /uck dur+ ?is passage4 ,!n on ! twelf? ( ,may1 ! ,m\nd ,city1 ! l>ge/ gunboat ( ! fleet1 ran = ! gap 9 ! ma9 dam4 ,! previ\s sc5e 0 repeat$1 ) ?\s&s l9+ ! banks to wat* ! excitem5t4 ,m>*+ b&s play$ ! 8,/> ,spangl$ ,bann]0 & ! 8,battle ,cry = ,fre$om40 ,l ! ,lex+ton be=e x1 z ! ,m\nd ,city hit ! gap1 x gr\nd aga9/ ! rocky riv] bottom1 & !n %ot ?r\gh4 ,! next day all ( ! trapp$ vessels lay safely bel[ ! rapids4 ,,! ,,campaign ,,ends ,:ile ,f$]al troops labor$ to build ! dam1 ,taylor's ,conf$]ate army 0 n idle4 ,"s rebels cont9u$ to h>ass ! outpo/s ar\nd ,alex&ria1 :ile o!rs de/roy$ bridges & block$ roads 9 an attempt to entrap ! ,union =ces4 ,f$]al boats already bel[ ! rapids 7 con/antly ambu%$ along ! l[] ,r$ ,riv] z !y attempt$ to supply ! army4 ,9 fact1 ! ,conf$]ate soldi]s 7 able to cut (f all navigation on ! riv] = a :ile1 isolat+ ! ,yankees4 ,on ,may #ac1 ) all ! gunboats n[ safely bel[ ! rapids1 ,union =ces mov$ out ( ,alex&ria4 ,! ,union soldi]s left ) mix$ feel+s4 ,!y _h be5 beat5 9 battle1 h>ass$1 & almo/ completely de/roy$4 ,!y 7 exhau/$4 ,/ill1 !y _h accompli%$ a magnific5t feat 9 build+ ! dam & rescu+ ! fleet1 & "s _h ev5 made fri5ds among ! t[nsfolk4 ,illu/ration3 ,admiral ,port]'s fleet on ! ,r$ ,riv]4 ,f ,h>p]'s ,pictorial ,hi/ory ( ! ,civil ,w>1 ,m>* #ahfd4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,libr>y ( ,congress4 ,b = ! local population ?is 0 a critical "t4 ,rumors spread t ! t[n w\ld be tor*$ :5 ! army left4 ,banks ord]$ a detail ( #ejj m5 to be left beh9d to protect ! t[n f arson4 ,b fires quickly broke out z soon z ! ma9 army 0 out ( t[n4 ,x is uncle> :o />t$ ! fires1 z "s acc\nts describe soldi]s loot+ & sett+ fires1 :ile o!r acc\nts note t army gu>ds %ot loot]s4 ,probably1 bo? ,union troops & local loot]s 7 involv$4 ,"o deta*m5t1 ! #ibnd ,color$ ,infantry :o also help$ build ! dams1 0 kn[n to h f\ght a fire = _m h\rs1 until ! build+ 0 doom$ & ! troops 7 =c$ to cont9ue _! retreat4 ,"o ,yankee soldi] describ$ ! sc5e3 ,illu/ration3 ,alex&ria1 ,may #ahfd4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,l\isiana ,/ate ,libr>y4 ,c[s ran bell[+ ?r\gh ! /reets4 ,*ick5s flew out f y>ds & fell 9 ! /reets ) _! fea!rs scor*+ !m4444 ,cr[ds ( p1 m51 wom51 *ildr5 & soldi]s1 7 runn+ ) all !y c\ld c>ry1 :5 ! heat w\ld become unbe>able & dropp+ all1 !y w\ld flee = _! lives1 leav+ ev]y?+ b _! bodies to burn4 ,ov] ! levee ! sights & s\nds 7 h>r[+4 ,?\s&s ( p1 mo/ly wom51 *ildr5 & old m51 7 wr++ _! h&s z !y /ood by ! little piles ( :at 0 left ( all _! worldly possessions 7,van ,al/yne #aiaj3cbj-cba74 ,z ! exp$ition retreat$ s\? d[n ! ,r$ ,riv]1 ,conf$]ate cavalry did :at x c\ld to badg] ! ,union =ces at e opportunity4 ,h[ev]1 no matt] h[ c\rage\sly ! m5 f\ght1 ! rebel army 0 too small to s]i\sly oppose ! retreat ( ! entire exp$ition4 ,at ,mansura1 ,l\isiana1 ,taylor attempt$ to /& aga9/ ! ,f$]als1 b aft] a f\r-h\r artill]y duel1 he _h to )draw4 ,?\gh ! campaign seem$ ab\t at an end1 ,banks f\nd t he _h to call on ! s]vices ( ,lieut5ant ,colonel ,bailey once m4 ,at ! ,at*afalaya ,riv]1 ,bailey direct$ ! con/ruction ( a bridge :i* he promptly fa%ion$ out ( transport vessels4 ,ar\nd #bd transports 7 plac$ across ! riv] & held toge!r ) l>ge timb]s4 ,!n1 long planks 7 laid across ! pr[s ( ! transports to =m a tempor>y bridge4 ,banks's army 0 able to cross ! riv] quickly & safely & cont9ue ! retreat s\? to ,baton ,r\ge4 ,by t "t1 e soldi] knew & appreciat$ ! fronti] eng9e] f ,wiscons94 ,,epilogue ,measur$ aga9/ ! backdrop ( ! entire ,civil ,w>1 ! results ( ! ,r$ ,riv] ,campaign _c be consid]$ critical to ei!r side4 ,ov]all1 ! end ( ! w> simply _h be5 delay$4 ,"s ( ! ,f$]al troops on ! exp$ition 7 f ,%]man's army & c\ld h be5 ( great help to him4 ,fur!rmore1 an attack aga9/ ,mobile1 ,alabama1 :i* ,g5]al ,grant want$1 0 po/pon$ = #aj mon?s by ! ,r$ ,riv] escapade4 ,! campaign _h also co/ ! ,union army #e1bjj m5 & #ba artill]y pieces4 ,! navy lo/ "s #cbj m51 two pump boats1 "o ironclad1 two t9clads1 & f\r transports4 ,yet ,banks /ill _h 8 army relatively intact1 & j z importantly1 ! fleet 0 sav$1 ?anks to ,lieut5ant ,colonel ,joseph ,bailey4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! campaign 0 ( trem5d\s significance to ,l\isiana4 ,! invasion br\ght ! w> home to ?\s&s ( ,r$ ,riv] settl]s1 de/roy+ _! prop]ty1 economy1 & lives4 ,beyond civilian casualties1 #d1jjj ,conf$]ate troops 7 lo/4 ,on ! positive side1 victory at ,mansfield & ! failure ( ! ,union exp$ition mu/ h help$ to /r5g!n ,s\!rn resolve4 ,= ,lieut5ant ,colonel ,joseph ,bailey1 ! campaign br\ght fame4 ,port] prais$ ,bailey 9 newspap]s & wrote lett]s ( ?anks & approval4 ,congress gave ,bailey a gold m$al1 ,port] p]sonally gave him a gold inlaid sword1 & o!r naval (fic]s gave him a silv] pun* b[l4 ,ev5tually1 ,bailey's di/+ui%$ milit>y c>e] e>n$ him a promotion to brigadi] g5]al4 ,b aft] ! w>1 ! h]o ( ! ,r$ ,riv] campaign met a tragic end4 ,on ,m>* #ba1 #ahfg1 ,%]iff ,joseph ,bailey1 ( ,v]non ,c\nty1 ,miss\ri1 0 murd]$ by two prison]s he 0 tak+ to jail4 ,today1 ,joseph ,bailey is buri$ 9 ,ev]gre5 ,cemet]y1 at ,=t ,scott1 ,kansas4 ,hi/orian ,mi*ael ,rob9son be/ summ$ up ! significance ( ,bailey's ,dam :5 he wrote3 ,p]haps ! mo/ rem>kable aspect ( ,bailey's ,dam 0 ! toil exp5d$ by ! ,union soldi]s4444 ,?r\gh ! hot days & *illy nights !y labor$ dilig5tly despite h>assm5t f ! enemy2 ! depression & fatigue ( a long1 fail$ campaign4444 ,9 _m respects1 _! ef=ts (f] "s basis = ,port]'s claim t ,bailey's ,dam 0 8)\t d\bt ! greate/ eng9e]+ feat ev] p]=m$0 7,rob9son #aihe3ff-fg74 ,today1 8! dam /ill rema9s intact z we left x1 & bids fair1 if undi/urb$1 to /& a hundr$ ye>s--an imp]i%able monum5t ( ,am]ican en]gy1 +5uity1 & skill0 7,moore #ahfh3ac-ad74 ,illu/ration3 ,view we/ across ! ,r$ ,riv] at ,bailey's ,dam dur+ l[ wat] 9 #aihd4 ,,ref]5ces ,,cit$ ,bee*]1 ,h>ris ,h4 #ahff ,record ( ! #aad? ,regim5t ,n4,y4,s4,v4 ,j4 ,f4 ,hubb>d1 ,jr41 ,norwi*1 ,new ,york4 ,h(fman1 ,wickham #ahgg ,camp c\rt & siege4 ,h>p] ,bro!rs1 ,new ,york4 ,jo9t ,committee on ! ,conduct ( ! ,w> n4d4 ,r$ ,riv] exp$ition4 ,! report ( ! ,jo9t ,committee on ! ,conduct ( ! ,w> 7,vol4 #aa74 #ch? ,u4,s4 ,congress1 #bnd ,session4 ,jones1 ,james ,p4 & ,edw>d ,f4 ,keu*el 7editors7 #aige ,civil ,w> ,m>9e3 a di>y ( ! ,r$ ,riv] exp$ition1 #ahfd4 ,hi/ory & ,museums ,division1 ,headqu>t]s1 ,u4,s4 ,m>9e ,corps1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 ,kelley1 ,david ,b4 & ,george ,j4 ,ca/ille #aihe ,ar*aeological inve/igation & prep>ation ( hi/oric ,am]ican eng9e]+ record docum5tation = l[] ,bailey's ,dam 7#af,,ra#ij71 ,rapides ,p>i%1 ,l\isiana4 ,report prep>$ = ! ,u4,s4 ,army ,corps ( ,eng9e]s1 ,vicksburg ,di/rict1 ,pur*ase ,ord] ,no4 ,,dacw#ch-hd-,p-#ceaj1 ,coa/al ,environm5ts1 ,inc41 ,baton ,r\ge1 ,l\isiana4 ,moore1 ,frank 7editor7 #ahfh ,docum5t ,no4 #b3 ! ,r$ ,riv] ,dam4 ,! rebellion record3 a di>y ( ,am]ican ev5ts 7,vol4 #aa74 ,d4 ,van ,no/r&1 ,new ,york4 ,pellet1 ,elias ,p4 #ahff ,hi/ory ( ! #aad? ,regim5t1 ,new ,york ,/ate ,volunte]s4 ,telegraph & ,*ronicle ,p[] ,press ,pr9t1 ,norwi*1 ,new ,york4 ,port]1 ,david ,d4 #aiad ,lett]s to ,hon4 ,gideon ,welles4 ,9 ,(ficial records ( ! ,union & ,conf$]ate navies 9 ! ,w> ( ! ,rebellion 7,s]ies ,i1 ,vol4 #bf74 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 ,rob9son1 ,mi*ael ,c4 #aihe ,gunboats1 l[ wat]1 & ,yankee +5uity3 a hi/ory ( ,bailey's ,dam4 ,report prep>$ = ! ,l[] ,mississippi ,valley ,division1 ,u4,s4 ,army ,corps ( ,eng9e]s1 ,vicksburg1 ,mississippi4 ,taylor1 ,ri*>d #ahgi ,de/ruction & recon/ruction4 ,d4 ,appleton1 ,new ,york4 ,tyson1 ,rob]t ,a4 #ahfd ,di>y4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,ar*ives & ,manuscripts1 ,l\isiana ,/ate ,univ]sity1 ,baton ,r\ge1 ,l\isiana4 ,u4,s4 ,w> ,dep>tm5t #ahia-ahie ,atlas to accompany ! (ficial records ( ! ,union & ,conf$]ate armies4 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 ,van ,al/yne1 ,lawr5ce #aiaj ,di>y ( an enli/$ man4 ,tuttle1 ,moreh\se1 ,taylor1 ,new ,hav51 ,connecticut4 ,an?ropological ,/udy ,s]ies ,no4 #a ,on ! ,tunica ,trail by ,jeffrey ,p4 ,bra9 ,no4 #b ,! ,caddo ,indians ( ,l\isiana by ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,webb ,hiram ,f4 ,gregory ,no4 #c ,! ,role ( ,salt 9 ,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ican ,prehi/ory by ,ian ,br[n ,no4 #d ,el ,nuevo ,con/ante by ,*>les ,e4 ,pe>son1 et al4 ,no4 #e ,pres]v+ ,l\isiana's ,legacy by ,nancy ,w4 ,hawk9s ,no4 #f ,l\isiana ,prehi/ory by ,rob]t ,w4 ,neuman ,nancy ,w4 ,hawk9s ,no4 #g ,pov]ty ,po9t by ,jon ,l4 ,gibson ,no4 #h ,bailey's ,dam by ,/ev5 ,d4 ,smi? ,george ,j4 ,ca/ille ,,iii ,^! publications c be obta9$ by writ+3 ,division ( ,ar*aeology ,p4,o4 ,box #ddbdg ,baton ,r\ge1 ,,la #gjhjd ,transcrib]'s ,notes --,sil5tly correct$ a few typos4 --,reta9$ publication in=mation f ! pr9t$ edition3 ?is e,book is a gov]nm5t public docum5t1 & c be freely copi$ & di/ribut$4 --,9 ! text v]sions only1 text 9 italics is delimit$ by und]scores4