,transcrib]'s ,note4 ,ref]5ces 9 ! book to its illu/rations are by ,plate ) ,roman num]als4 ,! illu/rations !mselves are labell$ ,plate ) ,arabic num]als4 ,a plate's numb] 9 ,roman num]als is equal to a plate's numb] 9 ,arabic num]als4 ,9 sev]al in/ances ! au?or has spell$ words diff]5tly to ! accept$ way4 ,t spell+ is reta9$ 9 ?is transcription4 ,! illu/ration on ! book's cov] is ref]r$ to 9 ! text z ,plate #af4 ,,peeps ,,at ,,nature ,,edit$ ,,by ,,! ,,rev4 ,,*>les ,a4 ,,hall ,v4 ,,briti% ,,butt]flies ,,9 ,,! ,,same ,,s]ies ,,ea* ,,conta9+ #af ,,full-,,page ,,illu/rations 7,,eight ,,( ,,:i* ,,are ,,9 ,,col\r7 ,,l>ge ,,cr[n #h,,vo4 ,,picture ,,cov] ,,bird ,,life ,,( ,,! ,,seasons ,,common ,,briti% ,,beetles ,,briti% ,,mo?s ,,wild ,,fl[]s ,,& ,,_! ,,wond]ful ,,ways ,,briti% ,,l& ,,mammals ,,briti% ,,f]ns1 ,,club-,,mosses1 c4 ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,g>d5 ,,romance ,,( ,,! ,,rocks ,,! ,,naturali/ ,,at ,,! ,,sea-,,%ore ,,pond ,,life ,,reptiles ,,& ,,amphibians ,,publi%$ ,,by ,a4 ,,& ,c4 ,,black1 ,,ltd41 #d1 #e ,,& #f1 ,,soho ,,squ>e1 ,,london1 ,w4 #a ,,ag5ts ,,am]ica ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company #fd #ff ,,fif? ,,av5ue1 ,,new ,,york ,,au/ralasia ,,ox=d ,,univ]sity ,,press #bje ,,fl9d]s ,,lane1 ,,melb\rne ,,canada ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,,( ,,canada1 ,,ltd4 ,,/4 ,,m>t9',s ,,h\se1 #gj ,,bond ,,/reet1 ,,toronto ,,india ,,macmillan ,,company1 ,,ltd4 ,,macmillan ,,build+1 ,,bombay #cji ,,b[ ,,baza> ,,/reet1 ,,calcutta ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #a4 #a4 ,swall[ ,tail #b4 ,black-ve9$ ,:ite #c4 ,l>ge ,g>d5 ,:ite 7,female7 #d4 ,small ,g>d5 ,:ite 7,male7 #e4 ,gre5-ve9$ ,:ite 7,female7 #f4 ,ba? ,:ite 7,male7 #g4 ,orange ,tip #h4 ,wood ,:ite 7,male7 #i4 ,pale ,cl\d$ ,yell[ ,,briti% ,,butt]flies ,,by ,a4 ,m4 ,,/ew>t ,,conta9+ #af ,,illu/rations1 ,,figur+ ,,all ,,! ,,species1 ,,viz43 #h ,,full-,,page ,,9 ,,col\r #h ,,pages ,,f ,,photographs ,a4 ,c4 ,,black1 ,,ltd4 #d1 #e #f ,,soho ,,squ>e1 ,,london1 ,w4 #a #aiah ,fir/ publi%$ ,may1 #aiab ,,introductory ,,editorial ,,note ,i take x t ?is little ,peep at ,nature1 ne$s no apology2 ! exquisite col\r$ plates1 produc$ direct f natural butt]flies by ! ?ree-col\r process1 are a suffici5t ju/ification ( its appe>ance4 ,! au?or is a practical entomologi/ ( _m ye>s' /&+4 ,he writes f ! fulness ( a ri* exp]i5ce 9 ! fields4 ,he ju/ly advocates ! ,paisley me?od ( sett+ insects4 ,i "k x to be ! m exp$iti\s1 & less calculat$ to damage specim5s1 ?an ! ord9>y process4 ,8 notes on ! pres]vation ( l>v w be welcome 9 _m qu>t]s4 ,! publi%]s desire me to express _! indebt$ness to ,messrs4 ,watk9s & ,donca/]1 #cf1 ,/r&1 ,w4,c41 = k9dly arrang+ & l5d+ ! specim5s f :i* ! col\r$ plates h be5 produc$4 ,,*>les ,a4 ,,hall4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,,introductory ,,editorial ,,note v ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations vii ,i4 ,,! ,,life-,,hi/ory ,,( ,a ,,butt]fly #a ,,ii4 ,,! ,,capture ,,& ,,pres]vation ,,( ,,butt]flies #ac ,,iii4 ,,! ,,briti% ,,butt]flies ,,describ$ #bi ,,index #hh ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,plate ,i4 ,,swall[-,,tail--,,black-,,ve9$ ,,:ite--,,l>ge ,,g>d5 ,,:ite--,,small ,,g>d5 ,,:ite--,,gre5-,,ve9$ ,,:ite--,,ba? ,,:ite--,,orange-,,tip--,,wood ,,:ite--,,pale ,,cl\d$ ,,yell[99 ,frontispiece ,,fac+ ,,page ,,ii4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,sett+ ,,) ,,bri/le ,,& ,,braces #i ,,iii4 ,,cop ,,( #abj',s ,,cotton ,,on ,,/&1 ,,& ,,sett+-,,ne$le ,,= ,,paisley ,,me?od ,,( ,,sett+ #af ,,iv4 ,,cl\d$ ,,yell[--,,brim/one--,,silv]-,,wa%$ ,,fritill>y1 ,,etc499 #be ,v4 ,,glanville ,,fritill>y--,,hea? ,,fritill>y1 ,,etc499 #cb ,,vi4 ,,paisley ,,me?od ,,( ,,sett+ #ce ,,vii4 ,,app>atus ,,= ,,pres]v+ ,,l>v #ch ,,viii4 ,,r$ ,,admiral--,,pa9t$ ,,lady--,,milk-,,we$1 ,,etc499 #da ,,ix4 ,,m>bl$ ,,:ite--,,m\nta9 ,,r+let--,,scot* ,,argus1 ,,etc499 #dh ,x4 ,,d>k ,,gre5 ,,fritill>y--,,high ,,br[n ,,fritill>y1 ,,etc4 #ea ,,xi4 ,,l>va ,,( ,,l>ge ,,g>d5 ,,:ite--,,pupa ,,( ,,l>ge ,,g>d5 ,,:ite1 ,,etc4 #ed ,,xii4 ,,small ,,hea?--,,gre5 ,,hair/reak--,,purple ,,hair/reak1 ,,etc499 #eg ,,xiii4 ,,adonis ,,blue--,,*alk-,,hill ,,blue--,,little ,,blue1 ,,etc499 #fd ,,xiv4 ,,pupa ,,( ,,r$ ,,admiral--,,l>va ,,( ,,r$ ,,admiral1 ,,etc4 #gc ,,xv4 ,,br[n ,,argus--,,azure ,,blue--,,silv]-,,/udd$ ,,blue1 ,,etc4 #hj ,,xvi4 ,,life-,,hi/ory ,,( ,,small ,,tortoise%ell ,,butt]fly3 ,,ova--,,l>v--,,pupa--,,male ,,insect 7,,to ,,"r7--,,female 7,,left7--,,food-,,plant 7,,nettle799 ,on ! cov] 99 ,^! eight illu/rations are 9 col\r2 ! o!rs are 9 black & :ite4 ,,briti% ,,butt]flies ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,life-,,hi/ory ,,( ,a ,,butt]fly ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 a butt]fly & a mo?1 & h[ am ,i to di/+ui% betwe5 !m8 is a "q v (t5 put to ! /ud5t ( insect life--! entomologi/4 ,butt]flies & mo?s bo? belong to ! ,natural ,ord]1 ,lepidopt]a1 or scale-w+$ insects4 ,butt]flies may be di/+ui%$ z day fly]s1 & ! mo?s fly by night4 ,! ma9 physical diff]5ce betwe5 !m appe>s 9 ! =ms ( ! ant5n1 or horns2 9 ! butt]flies ^! organs are club-%ap$ at ! extreme ends4 ,b ! ant5n ( ! v>i\s species d n all foll[ a common patt]n4 ,9 "s ! knob is abrupt & mu* small]1 aft] ! mann] ( a drum-/ick2 9 o!rs1 ! ?ick5+ comm5ces well d[n ! %aft1 & is gradually increas$ until x v mu* resembles an ,indian club4 ,! ant5n ( ! mo?s1 on ! o!r h&1 %[ mu* div]sity ( =m1 & 9 a great _m species !y are totally diff]5t 9 ! male & female4 ,a v common & beautiful =m is ! fea!r$1 or comblike1 ant5na2 ano!r is long & ?readlike1 & "s %[ a comb9ation ( ^! two =ms2 o!rs1 aga91 seem to be /riv+ aft] ! butt]fly type1 & approa* ! club %ape4 ,x %\ld be not$ t n a few mo?s fly dur+ ! day1 b x is r>e1 exce$+ly r>e1 to f9d a butt]fly abroad aft] sund[n4 ,) a little practice 9 obs]vation1 ! novice soon le>ns to di/+ui% betwe5 ! two4 ,! /ages ( developm5t ( butt]flies & mo?s are practically ! same3 fir/ ! egg2 next ! cat]pill>1 or l>va2 !n ! pupa1 or *rysalis2 &1 la/ly1 ! imago1 or p]fect insect4 ,! eggs ( ! ,lepidopt]a are surpass+ly beautiful4 ,are !y l birds' eggs8 ,n at all6 ,9 ! fir/ place !y are too m9ute = comp>ison ) ! l>g] product ( ! birds2 bo? 9 col\r & =m !y m ne>ly resemble small %ells or pe>ls1 z a great _m ( !m are beautifully opalesc5t1 especially :5 empty4 ,a good h&-l5s w reveal a great deal ( _! beauty1 b ! l[ p[] ( an ord9>y comp\nd microscope w be necess>y to enable y to see all ! nice detail ( patt]n sculptur$ on _! surfaces4 ,ea* species ( butt]fly1 or mo?1 produces eggs ( p>ticul> %ape & ornam5tation1 s x is q possible1 9 mo/ cases1 to say to :i* species an egg belongs4 ,h[ long ! egg may rema9 unhat*$ dep5ds a good deal ^u :i* butt]fly's egg x is1 ! season ( ! ye>1 & ! temp]ature4 ,n _m butt]flies pass ! w9t] 9 ?is c\ntry 9 ! egg /ate1 t season be+ usually pass$ ei!r z a half-f$ hib]nat+ cat]pill>1 or z a *rysalis2 & 9 a few cases x is only ! female :i* passes ! w9t] 9 "s secure retreat1 to em]ge aga9 9 ! spr+1 & !n deposit h] eggs on ! fre%-gr[+ v]dure4 ,b1 g5]ally speak+1 eggs laid dur+ ! summ] hat* out 9 f t5 to sixte5 days4 ,& x is well to be on ! look\t = ! "y l>v ev5 e>li]1 if y int5d to re> "s species 9 conf9em5t4 ,if y h secur$ eggs to re> f1 wat* !m f day to day to see if !y d>k51 z !y (t5 assume a d>k lead5 hue imm$iately be=e hat*+4 ,?is is a useful w>n+1 & s]ves z a h9t to h pl5ty ( fre% food ready = ! "y family ab\t to arrive4 ,! cat]pill>s are rav5\s eat]s2 y w n notice ?is fact p>ticul>ly at fir/1 because !y are !n su* t9y creatures1 b 9 proportion to _! size _! eat+ capacity is enorm\s4 ,!y gr[ at an exce$+ly rapid rate & to su* an ext5t t !y lit]ally bur/ _! sk9s6 ,9 a v %ort "t--?ree or f\r days--! old sk9 bur/s & out comes ,mr4 ,cat]pill> ) a br&-new "o4 ,& ?is is ! mann] ( _! gr[?2 sev]al times 7five or six7 ?is sk9-%$d+ process is repeat$4 ,& !n ! creature prep>es = ! la/ & f9al *ange be=e turn+ into a butt]fly4 ,!re are "o or two m po9ts ,i w\ld ask y to notice ab\t our cat]pill> ere we pass on to consid] 8 next /age4 ,! legs are g5]ally sixte5 9 numb]4 ,!re are six true legs1 "o pair on ea* ( ! fir/ ?ree body-segm5ts beh9d ! head2 f\r m pairs ne> ! anal end1 & ! la/ segm5t c>ries ano!r pair1 kn[n z ! anal clasp]s4 ,! fir/ six may be said to repres5t ! same legs 9 ! p]fect insect4 ,note also ! brea?+ holes1 or spiracles1 plac$ 9 a r[ along ei!r side ( ! l>va4 ,! head seems to c>ry v l>ge eyes1 b x does n really d s2 ! real eyes are v m9ute1 & x requires a good /rong pocket-l5s to make !m out4 ,!re are twelve ( !m all told1 & !y are n all ( equal size4 ,!re are six on ei!r side ( ! m\?1 & ! ?ree l>g] ones on ea* side are n v difficult to f9d4 ,! m\? is furni%$ ) /rong m&ibles = bit+ & *ew+ food1 & also conta9s ! sp9n]et = ! production ( ! silk us$ on v>i\s occasions4 ,all ^! details %\ld be c>efully not$--! head1 ! eyes1 ! brea?+ spiracles1 ! m&ibles1 ! =e-legs & claws1 & ! h9d- or pro-legs4 ,m>k ! totally diff]5t types ( feet :i* t]m9ate ^! two sets ( legs4 ,y w ne$ to use y\r l5s = ?is obs]vation1 & to enable y to see ! beautiful /ructure ( ! pro-leg foot1 x w be necess>y = y to exam9e x ?r\gh a comp\nd microscope4 ,x is well = ! "y entomologi/ to "k ^! m prom95t features ( a cat]pill>'s economy1 if = no o!r reason ?an to be able to answ] ! que/ions t are sure to be put to him on ^! & _m o!r po9ts4 ,b only a small p]c5tage ( ! l>v t are born into ! _w live to become butt]flies2 "s seasons a l>g] numb] ?an usual may escape1 & !n we h a butt]fly ye>1 b ! rel5tless i*neumon flies soon re/ore ! balance4 ,!y1 too1 h _! "y to provide =1 & a /range mode ( exi/5ce !y h4 ,once y get to "k ^! i*neumons at sight1 y w be a/oni%$ at ! numb] ( !m4 ,all ! summ] ?r\gh y w f9d !m hawk+ ab\t ! trees1 bu%es1 nettles1 & hea!r1 &1 inde$1 :]ev] l>v are to be f\nd1 !re1 too1 y w f9d ^! flies4 ,!re are _m species ( !m4 ,once a female has discov]$ a l>va its doom is seal$4 ,! ord9>y l>va has v few def5sive weapons2 he may wriggle & squirm & look t]rify+1 b all ! same ! i*neumon sets ab\t h] task ( plac+ "o or two1 & 9 _m cases a doz5 or two1 ( h] eggs ei!r ^u or "u 8 sk94 ,^! eggs soon hat*1 & ! little :ite maggots pass _! exi/5ce inside ! doom$ creature1 eat+ all ! tissues away1 at fir/ avoid+ ! vital organs1 :i* !y leave until ! la/4 ,:5 !y h rea*$ _! allott$ span1 & are ab\t to *ange to ! pupa /ate !mselves1 !y soon f9i% (f _! victim1 & all t rema9s ( :at might h be5 a brilliant butt]fly is a little %rivell$ bit ( sk9 & a ho/ ( little--or x may be a few big--black1 br[n1 or grey flies4 ,s5tim5t ap>t1 ^! p>asitic flies are extremely useful4 ,:5 y consid] ! l>ge numb] ( eggs laid by a s+le female butt]fly or mo?--f two to six hundr$ is a fair av]age--y w realize t if ?is enorm\s prog5y 7 to survive & g on increas+ )\t any *eck1 ! vegetation ( ! _w w\ld v soon prove q inadequate to support ! va/ army ( cat]pill>s1 to say no?+ ( y & me4 ,y may at "s "t f9d a doz5 or two l>v ( "s p>ticul> species ( butt]fly or mo?1 & at ! "t ( collect+ !m !y may seem heal?y & all "r1 b weeks aft]w>ds y may discov] t only a v small numb] w *ange to *rysalids1 ! i*neumons hav+ _h ! re/4 ,if y c cat* & induce a female butt]fly to give y a bat* ( eggs 9 captivity1 !n y may be sure1 provid+ y\r treatm5t ( !m has be5 "r1 t all y\r brood w arrive at ! p]fect /ate4 ,! next /age we h to consid] we w pass ov] briefly4 ,! *ange f ! l>va to ! *rysalis is always a v fasc9at+ p]=mance to wat*1 n t "o c\ld sit & see ! :ole p]=mance "r ?r\gh f />t to f9i%1 ! "t occupi$ is too long = t4 ,g5]ally ! process la/s a day or two1 b by wat*+ at frequ5t int]vals1 :]e sev]al individuals are engag$ at ! same op]ation & ea* at its own /age ( ! "w1 x is n difficult to foll[ ! :ole process ( ! trans=mation4 ,try x ) ! l>va ( ! ,l>ge ,g>d5 ,:ite butt]fly1 p]haps ! commone/1 & !re=e ! easie/ to procure2 y w ga!r pl5ty ( /ung or i*neumon$ examples1 b /ill a suffici5t numb] %\ld be clean to s]ve y\r purpose4 ,we w n ent] into all ! details ( ! sp9n+-up process & describe h[ an atta*m5t is secur$ at ! anal extremity1 & h[ our little fri5d loops ! loop4 ,"s species1 su* z ! ,tortoise%ell1 get ov] ?is "p ( _! difficulty by omitt+ ! loop altoge!r1 & !re=e hang head d[nw>d1 susp5d$ only by ! hooks & silk at ! tail4 ,concealm5t dur+ ?is /age is ! creature's only hope & *ance ( survival2 o!r def5ce !y h none4 ,_! col\r may occasionally protect !m by virtue ( mak+ !m h>monize beautifully ) _! surr\nd+s4 ,! i*neumons seldom mole/ !m dur+ ! *rysalis /age2 b birds & small animals h %>p eyes :5 =ag+ = food1 s x is usually f> m difficult to discov] ^! *rysalids ?an to f9d ! fe$+ cat]pill>s4 ,! "t pass$ z a *rysalis is v v>iable2 t5 days to a =tnight 9 summ] is suffici5t = _m species2 o!rs pass ov] ! :ole w9t]1 l ! spr+ brood ( our common :ite butt]flies1 s t ^! c be s\ght = dur+ ! w9t] mon?s "u ! ov]hang+ portion ( pal+s1 walls1 ou?\ses1 & 9 simil> situations4 ,! cold does n seem to injure !m2 x may1 & g5]ally does1 ret>d _! em]g5ce1 & possibly has "s effect on ! col\rs ( ! w+s1 b x _c *ange _! ultimate patt]n4 ,exp]im5ts h be5 tri$ ) v>i\s *rysalids1 "p ( a brood be+ hat*$ out aft] be+ submitt$ to a v l[ temp]ature1 & ano!r "p ( ! same brood aft] be+ treat$ ) a high temp]ature4 ,speak+ g5]ally1 ! coloration ( ^? subject$ to ! cold treatm5t 0 bright5$ & int5sifi$1 & ,nature does ! same ?+ 9 h] own way4 ,! e>ly summ] butt]flies1 :i* pass ?r\gh ! w9t] z *rysalids1 are almo/ inv>iably l>g] & bright] ?an ! midsumm] or autumn brood ( ! same species4 ,b suppose our cat]pill> to h successfully run ! gauntlet--i*neumon1 bird1 bea/1 & beetle--& to h become a heal?y pupa1 & t ! "t has arriv$ :5 he mu/ make ! la/ & greate/ trans=mation 9 8 %ort & int]e/+ c>e]4 ,sev]al days prior to 8 exit z a butt]fly tak+ place1 a noticeable *ange occurs 9 ! app>5t col\r ( ! *rysalis4 ,z a matt] ( fact x is n ! *rysalis %ell :i* is *ang+ col\r1 b ! develop+ insect1 ! col\rs ( :i* are beg9n+ to %[ ?r\gh x1 at fir/ r fa9tly2 b latt]ly ! patt]n ( ! w+s c be di/9ctly se51 & ! :ole body surface gets d>k]4 ,:5 ?is /age is rea*$1 ! adv5t ( our butt]fly is n long delay$4 ,! h\r *os5 is usually e>ly 9 ! morn+1 s t by ! "t ! sun is high & ! fre% p]fum$ fl[]s are nodd+ 9 ! breeze1 our little butt]fly has exp&$ & dri$ 8 w+s1 & is n[ q prep>$ = ! beautiful & consummat+ act 9 ! wond]ful drama ( 8 exi/5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #b ,me?od ( ,sett+ ) ,bri/le & ,braces ,:ile he is dry+ 8 w+s & prep>+ = a life among/ sun%9e & fl[]s1 we might sp5d a few m9utes ) him ere he leaves u1 & ! m s1 z n[ he looks 8 v be/1 array$ 9 all 8 new-f\nd f9]y4 ,su* w+s6 no wond] he looks pr\d z he sl[ly op5s & closes !m1 repeat+ ?is action ov] & ov] aga9 z if to prove _! smoo? work+ be=e he laun*es =? ^u ! air4 ,& ! wond]ful patt]n ( ^! w+s is all built up ( t9y scales plac$ z regul>ly z ! slates on a ro(4 ,y\r pocket-l5s w %[ y mu* ( ?is1 b to exam9e ! individual scales1 _! v>i\s %apes & /ructure1 y w require a comp\nd microscope4 ,^! scales are ! du/ y w f9d on y\r f+] & ?umb if ev] y pick up a butt]fly 9 su* an unsci5tific mann]4 ,y w notice1 too1 t ! "u sides ( ! w+s be> q a diff]5t design f ! upp] sides2 ?is is ne>ly always ! case1 & 9 _m =eign butt]flies ?is diff]5ce betwe5 ! two sides is s v rem>kable z to be q />tl+ 9 its effect4 ,well ,i rememb] an old s]geant-major1 :o _h sp5t _m ye>s 9 ,india1 & _h done a lot ( butt]fly dodg+ 9 8 day1 tell+ me ( ?is wond]ful effect4 ,he said "o w\ld come ^u an op5 piece ( mead[-l& blaz+ ) fl[]s & butt]flies1 b1 on be+ di/urb$1 ! :ole cr[d ( insects w\ld rise 9 ! air1 & !n1 he w\ld say1 !y look$ l a diff]5t set altoge!r4 ,:5 y capture a few specim5s ( any species1 exam9e closely ! "u sides1 & 9 any case1 if y wi% to pres]ve !m1 always set "o ( ea* sex ) ! "u side upp]mo/4 ,next to ! w+s ! head claims our att5tion2 x supports ?ree v ess5tial organs--! eyes1 ! horns1 or ant5n1 & ! tongue1 or suck]4 ,! ant5n are und\bt$ly ! organs ( smell1 :i* is p]haps ! mo/ highly develop$ s5se 9 ! ,insect ,_w4 ,t ! eyes are a m>vel ( beauty1 & t ! tongue is a f9ely f9i%$ little in/rum5t = its "w no "o c "q2 b ! s5se ( smell has a mu* long] range ?an ev5 ! eye1 ) all its facets4 ,& y w g5]ally f9d1 9 relation to ! faculty :i* any animal or insect has to ex]t mo/ s z to procure its food & propagate its k9d1 ! organ ( t faculty rea*es ! highe/ po9t ( developm5t & s]vice4 ,! eyes ( ! condor & ! gannet mu/ be m>vell\s 9 range & p5etrat+ p[]4 ,i h wat*$ scores ( ! latt] birds sail+ & hov]+ #aej feet & m above a tr\bl$ sea4 ,sudd5ly !re w\ld be a slight pause1 & !n a rocket-l dive "r d[n into ! waves bel[4 ,to see a fi% on ! surface f su* a height w\ld be a great feat1 b to see & cat* "o a doz5 feet deep 9 a brok5 sea z a gannet c d1 is wond]ful inde$4 ,) butt]fly & mo? ! s5se ( smell is ( ! greate/ importance4 ,_! vision is good1 b %ort 9 range2 s to f9d ! fl[]s :]e9 lies _! food ! sight is good1 b ! p[] to detect !m by sc5t mu/ be f> bett]4 ,ov] ! h$ge is a g>d5 fair1 & if a butt]fly _c see ?r\gh ! h$ge1 he c at lea/ smell ?r\gh x4 ,he c\ld fly ov] x8 ,yes1 b if 8 s5se ( smell says !re is no?+ !re = him1 y see he is sav$ ! "t & tr\ble2 & 8 life is %ort4 ,assembl+ & treacl+ = mo?s are two me?ods employ$ by insect-hunt]s to secure an abundance ( specim5s o!rwise difficult to obta91 & 9 bo? cases x is ?is same wond]ful s5se ( smell :i* is ! insect's undo+4 ,= assembl+1 a captive virg9 female is tak5 at dusk to ! locality :]e ! species is likely to occur1 & if males are ab\t !y v soon make _! appe>ance4 ,! female be+ 9 a gauze-cov]$ box1 !y w sw>m ov] x 9 _! ef=ts to f9d an entrance1 & :5 ?us engag$ c be easily captur$4 ,z = ! subtle od\r emitt$ by ! lady1 y or ,i c\ld nev] detect x1 yet ^! mo?s come sw>m+ f f> & ne>4 ,i once witness$ a curi\s phase ( ?is in/9ct on a hillside 9 ,arran4 ,my att5tion 0 arre/$ by a numb] ( males ( ,bombyx ,qu]cus 7v>iety1 ,callun71 keep+ ne> & fly+ ov] a c]ta9 spot1 &1 ?9k+ a female might be ab\t1 ,i w5t ov] to inve/igate4 ,x 0 a female1 b a dead & cru%$ "o2 h[ x _h met its end ,i c\ld only conjecture2 b evid5tly1 al?\gh ! insect 0 mutilat$1 ! sc5t /ill l+]$1 & br\ght ! males circl+ r\nd4 ,?is l>ge mo? flies boldly dur+ ! day1 & 9 ,arran ! l>v fe$ on ! hea!r4 ,! eyes ( a butt]fly are l>ge & ( ! usual insect patt]n--i4e41 comp\nd1 be+ made up ( a numb] ( t9y l5ses1 hexagonal 9 %ape1 l ! honeycomb ( ! dome/ic bee4 ,r\ghly1 ab\t ?ree ?\s& ( ^! l5ses g to make up ! two eyes4 ,z po9t$ out1 _! range ( vision is comp>atively %ort1 b )9 _! range vision mu/ be v ke5--be=e1 beh9d1 above1 & bel[4 ,i once saw a sp>r[ try to capture a ,l>ge ,g>d5 ,:ite 9 a /reet 9 ! t[n2 he d>t$ at x aga9 & aga91 mu* 9 ! mann] ( ! ord9>y spott$ flycat*]1 b ! butt]fly seem$ to h no difficulty 9 evad+ him1 & ev5tually he gave up ! game4 ,a small portion ( ! eye makes a good slide = ! microscope1 b ! individual l5ses are h>dly visible ?r\gh an ord9>y h&-glass4 ,on ! top ( ! head are "o or two small simple eyes1 :i* d n look z if !y c\ld be ( mu* s]vice1 b "o nev] kn[s1 & ! butt]flies w n tell1 al?\gh !y h long tongues4 ,! tongue is a v pretty /ructure2 :5 n 9 use x lies coil$ up 9 spiral fa%ion l a wat*-spr+1 & is !n well protect$ by two little side-cov]s call$ ! palpi4 ,ne$less to say1 ! tongue _c /+4 ,no mo? or butt]fly has a /++ organ2 ! tongue is too delicate = any cut & ?ru/ "w4 ,x is n difficult to m\nt a butt]fly's tongue = ! microscope1 & its exam9ation well repays ! tr\ble4 ,p>ticul>ly noticeable "u ! microscope are ! little bell-%ap$ suck]s plac$ 9 long r[s ne> ! tip4 ,if y wi% to make & exam9e a cross section1 take ! head ( a fre%ly kill$ specim5 & ext5d ! tongue 9 a little melt$ p>aff9 wax2 :5 ?is is ?or\ghly set1 cut x across 9 v ?9 slices ) a %>p razor2 place "o on a glass slide1 !n on to ! microscope /age1 & !re y are6 ,y w soon discov] t ! simple-look+ tube is a v complicat$ affair1 & q a little /udy 9 itself4 ,we w n l+] ov] :at rema9s ( ! anatomy ( our butt]fly4 ,! legs are six 9 numb]1 b occasionally ! fir/ pair are useless = walk+1 & only ! middle & la/ pairs are fully develop$4 ,always rememb] ! maximum numb] ( legs = all insects is six4 ,cat]pill>s may h m or less2 !y occur z footless grubs ) no legs at all1 :ile "s h z _m z sixte5 legs4 ,! la/1 or abdom9al1 section ( a butt]fly's body c>ries ! sexual organs2 x is usually m sl5d] 9 ! males ?an 9 ! females4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,capture ,,& ,,pres]vation ,,( ,,butt]flies ,9 ! re>+ ( butt]flies f eggs & 9 wat*+ !m all ?r\gh _! l>val /ages1 we le>n a great deal conc]n+ _! life & habits1 & f9ally secure p]fect specim5s = ! cab9et4 ,b ! glories ( ! *ase & ! *>m ( ! c\ntry ramble weigh m 9 ! balance ) ! naturali/1 & ! /ory ( a captur$ specim5 is (t5 f> m int]e/+ ?an ! record ( a br$ "o4 ,( butt]fly nets us$ 9 ! *ase !re are _m & v>i$ patt]ns 9 ! m>ket4 ,i made my own & a bett] balanc$ "o x w\ld be h>d to f9d4 ,hav+ se5 & h&l$ a few 9 my "t1 my exp]i5ce has be5 t !y are mo/ly too heavy1 h too _m loose p>ts1 & _! weight is badly di/ribut$4 ,inde$1 ,i saw "o lately :i* felt m l a hamm] 9 "o's h&4 ,i ?9k if y try to get "o made aft] ! patt]n "h describ$ & figur$ on p4 #ae1 y w n be disappo9t$ ) x4 ,n[1 x is "o ( ! av[$ purposes ( ?is little book to make ! /udy & collect+ ( butt]flies co/ all ! "t a boy c sp>e1 & little1 or1 at lea/1 n mu* 9 money4 ,! requirem5ts = a r+ fold+ net are #b y>ds ( /eel wire1 r less ?an #a_/h in* 9 ?ickness 7co/ ab\t ?reep5ce72 ?ree copp] rivets & wa%]s1 #c_/af in* by #c_/h in* long 7co/ "o p5ny72 "o #a_/d-;in* iron screw-head bolt & nut 7"o p5ny74 ,cut ! wire into two pieces1 ea* #bj in*es long1 & two pieces #af in*es long4 ,if y c get a t9smi? fri5d to turn ! eyes = y1 s mu* ! bett]2 y w ?us avoid ! mo/ difficult "p ( ! op]ation1 b y w\ld lose "s valuable lessons & ! satisfaction ( hav+ made ! :ole ?+ y\rself4 ,! accompany+ cut w %[ y h[ ! eyes are turn$ & rivet$1 & h[ ! nut is fix$ 9 ! tube :i* ! t9smi? w make = y1 & he w also sold] ! nut 9 ! n>r[ end = a few copp]s4 ,or y c get him to make ! :ole conc]n1 z ,i h done = a fri5d ( m9e4 ,i simply gave ! t9smi? m9e = a patt]n1 & 9 a few days he h&$ me ov] an exact duplicate1 & only *>g$ "o %ill+ & sixp5ce = x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,details ,,( ,,fold+-,,net4 #a1 ,r+ op51 ab\t #af in*es diamet]2 #b1 t9 tube ) nut sold]$ 9 at n>r[ end2 #c1 net complete1 %[+ wood5 h&le fitt+ into t9 tube4 ,detail ,a %[s h[ eyes are turn$2 ,b1 l>g] eye = pass+ ov] screw2 ,c1 screw sold]$ 9 position4 ,! net itself is easily made4 ,y w ne$ #a-a_/b y>ds ( ! be/ & /ronge/ musl9 & a piece ( /\t twill$ cotton1 ) :i* to make ! holl[ b9d+ r\nd ! wire = /r5g?4 ,?is b9d+ mu/ be at lea/ #b in*es deep1 s z to slip (f & on ! r+ easily :5 y wi% to repair ! r+ or wa% ! net4 ,get gre5 musl9 if y c>e = x2 ,i tri$ gre51 too1 b spe$ily gave x up1 z ,i f\nd ! :ite net m effective = see+ & h&l+ mo?s 9 aft] d>k4 ,d n %ape ! net d[n to too f9e a po9t2 r make x m ( a cup-%ape & ne>ly ! dep? ( y\r arm4 ,&1 la/ly1 :ile we are on ! subject ( ! net1 always c>ry a few /rips ( gum pap] ) y on an excursion2 !y are v h&y & effective = repair+ a damage1 say1 aft] contact ) a bramble-bu%4 ,mo/ butt]flies are v impati5t 9 ! net1 & /rongly res5t _! imprisonm5t1 s ei!r d\ble y\r net ov] ! in/ant a capture is made1 or cat* ! net by ! neck1 s to speak1 ) y\r left h&1 leav+ y\r "r free = ! p9*+ process4 ,p9*+ mu/ be v c>efully done1 or y\r specim5 may be spoil$4 ,x c be done only :5 ! w+s are clos$2 y give ! insect a %>p nip betwe5 y\r f+] & ?umb nails1 "r "u ! junction ( ! w+s & ! body--i4e41 on ! "u side ( ! ?orax1 always tak+ c>e n to cru% or mangle ! specim54 ,d n attempt to actually kill x2 j give a suffici5t p9* to /un x2 !n y may op5 ! net1 remove y\r specim51 & p9 x 9 y\r collect+ box1 :i* %\ld be z ne>ly air-tight z y c make x1 & l9$ ) %eet cork4 ,place "s fre%ly p\nd$ laurel-leaves secur$ 9 a piece ( musl9 at "o end ( y\r box4 ,! fumes giv5 (f by ! bruis$ leaves soon kill ! insects4 ,don't use ammonia = kill+ butt]flies2 x alt]s _! col\rs1 &1 9 fact1 ru9s "s altoge!r4 ,cyanide ( potassium or laurel-leaves are ! be/ kill+ ag5ts1 & ! latt] are by f> ! safe/ = boys to h&le1 z cyanide is v poison\s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #c ,cop ( #abj's ,cotton on ,/&1 & ,sett+-,ne$le = ,paisley ,me?od ( ,sett+ ,specially-made entomological p9s c be pur*as$ f all deal]s 9 naturali/s' requisites4 ,black enamell$ p9s are ! vogue j n[1 & !y la/ long] ?an ! silv]$ or gilt ones1 & resi/ grease bett]4 ,_m insects1 y %\ld "k1 h a small1 & "s a l>ge1 am\nt ( oil 9 _! bodies1 :i* gradually makes its pres5ce se51 fir/ 9 ! abdom51 & lat] x spreads 7if n *eck$7 to ! w+s4 ,! oil1 com+ 9 contact ) ! :ite or yell[ p91 soon corrodes x ?r\gh2 ! black enamel resi/s its action longe/4 ,try to *eck ?is greas+ ( y\r specim5s on its fir/ appe>ance on ! body1 & if y notice x be=e x has spread to ! w+s all may be well4 ,break ! abdom5 (f at once1 & drop x into b5z9e1 :]e y c let x rema9 a day or two4 ,!n transf] x to a box ( f9e dry pla/] ( ,p>is = ano!r day or s1 & y w be surpris$ h[ beautiful & clean x w come out4 ,ano!r h9t3 ,pu% a little p9 into ea* body :5 brok5 (f1 & atta* a :ite ?read to ! p92 n[ y c d :at y l ) ! body )\t t\*+ x ) y\r f+]s2 la/ly1 replace ea* body1 /ick+ x 9 position ) a dab ( entomological gum1 to be _h f ,messrs4 ,watk9s & ,donca/]1 #cf1 ,/r&1 ,w4,c4 ,suppos+ y h arriv$ home ) a few butt]flies1 & wi% to set !m4 ,?is is be/ done z soon z possible aft] !y are kill$4 ,!y may rema9 unset a few days if kept damp & yet prop]ly air$2 y mu/ prev5t !m f h>d5+ on ! "o h&1 & gett+ m\ldy on ! o!r1 ?r\gh too long & close keep+2 s h a wat*ful eye on !m until set4 ,sett+-bo>ds c be ei!r b\ght or made4 ,?is is a "q = ea* work] to det]m9e = himself4 ,"s collectors may h special facilities = mak+ !m1 :ile o!rs may h a pr(usion ( pocket money :]e) to buy !m4 ,:5 ,i 0 a boy ,i made my own4 ,x 0 a "w ( necessity4 ,z a lad ,i _h always s _m specim5s to set 9 summ]-"t t x w\ld h be5 %e] ru9ation to h b\ght all ! bo>ds requir$4 ,on ,plate ,,ii4 y h an illu/ration ( a sett+-bo>d1 & ! photograph is 9 itself an indication ( h[ butt]flies are to be set be=e be+ plac$ 9 ! p]man5t collection4 ,note ! sett+-bri/le m\nt$ 9 a cube ( cork4 ,?is is us$ to hold ! w+ 9 position :ile ! c>d braces are be+ plac$4 ,! collector c easily m\nt a bri/le = himself4 ,a cat1 badg]1 or o!r :isk] w s]ve2 d n try to pu% x ?r\gh ! cube ( cork1 b glue x betwe5 two pieces2 by do+ s y w save y\r bri/le f be+ spoil$ & make a firm] job4 ,keep y\r old ?9 po/c>ds1 f :i* to cut braces1 & always h a boxful ( v>i\s sizes h&y1 & 9 ! same box1 9 a sep>ate comp>tm5t1 h an abundance ( small1 ?9 p9s4 ,good sett+1 l o!r op]ations1 is l>gely a matt] ( practice4 ,be c>eful n to injure ! w+s 9 any way1 & place y\r braces on !m s t !y w n leave m>ks4 ,i f9d a common fault ) beg9n]s is t !y d n l[] ! specim5 f> en\gh d[n into ! groove ( ! sett+-bo>d1 ) ! result t ! w+s are b5t & de=m$ by ! braces press+ !m d[n4 ,see t ! w+s ( y\r specim5s lie flat & naturally spread out ov] ! surface ( ! bo>d on ei!r side ( ! groove4 ,a sett+-ne$le is sometimes an exce$+ly useful tool4 ,a v neat "o c be made 9 a few m9utes ) a goose quill1 a little seal+-wax1 & ! f9e/ sew+-ne$le y c secure4 ,melt ! wax & fill "o end ( ! quill = half an in* or s1 heat ! eye end ( ! ne$le until ne>ly r$-hot1 & pu% x into ! wax4 ,?is tool is v useful = adju/+ a w+ z occasion dem&s4 ,let y\r insects rema9 z long z possible on ! bo>ds2 !y %\ld be left on = a =tnight 9 w>m1 dry wea!r1 b long] 9 ! spr+ & autumn4 ,! w+s ( imp]fectly dri$ specim5s are liable to spr+ up1 or droop4 ,!re is ano!r me?od ( sett+ ,lepidopt]a :i* only requires to be m widely kn[n to quickly sup]s$e ! use ( braces & bri/le4 ,x is sometimes call$ ! ,nor!rn me?od1 b ,i pref] to call x ! ,paisley1 because x 0 fir/ us$ 9 t t[n4 ,its advantages are3 ,great] spe$1 less app>atus1 less exp5se1 & less liability to damage ! specim5s4 ,in/ead ( ! usual sett+-bo>d1 a block is us$--t is to say1 y\r sett+-bo>ds are cut up into %ort pieces1 9 l5g? a little less ?an ! wid? ( ! bo>d4 ,?us1 a bo>d #b-a_/b in*es wide %\ld be cut into pieces #a-c_/d in*es long4 ,z no cork$ surface is ne$$ ^! blocks c be made or b\ght v *eaply2 ! usual co/1 f a jo9]1 is ab\t two %ill+s p] hundr$4 ,! only o!r requisite is a cop ( v f9e cotton #abjh or ev5 f9] if y c get x4 ,?is y w be able to obta9 f a cotton-sp9n] or 8 ag5t2 by-&-by1 z ?is me?od ( sett+ becomes m widely kn[n ! deal]s w probably /ock a few ( ^! f9e cotton-y>n cops4 ,plate ,,iii4 w %[ y h[ to con/ruct a /& = ! cop4 ,! re/ is easy4 ,p9 y\r insect 9 ! same way z y w\ld d = braces2 place x on ! block ) w+s well d[n on its surface1 hold+ ! block 9 y\r left h&4 ,give y\r cotton a turn r\nd ! extreme edge ( ! block1 !n br+ x directly above y\r insect4 ,n[ bl[ ! w+ on ! left side z f> =w>d z y wi% x to g1 &1 :ile x is held ext5d$ by y\r bl[+1 br+ ! cotton d[n g5tly across x & !re y h x1 secur$ 9 position4 ,give two or ?ree extra turns to hold x safe & repeat ! op]ation = ! o!r w+4 ,if ! w+s %\ld be /iff & refuse to g f> en\gh =w>d1 secure !m z f> =w>d z !y w bl[1 ) "o turn ( ! cotton only1 !n g5tly assi/ !m f>!r ) a sett+-ne$le4 ,:5 9 a satisfactory position1 give ! few extra turns ( ! cotton4 ,i c set f sixty to "o hundr$ & tw5ty insects 9 an h\r by ?is me?od4 ,read]s desir\s ( adopt+ ?is mo/ excell5t me?od ( sett+1 & yet exp]i5c+ difficulty 9 gett+ suitable cotton-y>n1 %\ld communicate ) ! au?or1 ,mr4 ,a4 ,m4 ,/ew>t1 #ch1 ,f]guslie1 ,paisley4--,,editor4 ,9 remov+ an insect f a block1 draw a %>p knife across ! back ( ! block & lift (f all ! cotton at once4 ,if ! body ( ! specim5 be+ set ne$s support1 z sometimes happ5s1 give ! cotton two or ?ree cross turns1 & ) y\r sett+-ne$le raise ! body on to ?is z %[n on ,plate ,,vi4 ,"o h9t m3 ,see t y\r l9es div]ge f ne> ! body at ! bottom to ne> ! tip ( ! w+s at ! top2 ! reason = ?is is t if y h to slip ! w+ =w>d "u a turn ( ! ?read x w n be damag$ if ! ?read is arrang$ z indicat$1 :]eas if y\r ?read be laid on1 say1 f ! out] bottom corn] 9 t[>ds ! head1 x w\ld !n scrape ! w+1 & be sure to remove "s ( ! scales1 ?us damag+ ! specim54 ,! correct me?od is %[n on ,plate ,,vi4 ,) ord9>y c>e & usage a good cop %\ld la/ a ye> or two4 ,aft] y\r insects are set1 by :atev] me?od1 !y ne$ to be put aside 9 a dry1 airy place to h>d51 & be secur$ aga9/ ! ravages ( mice & spid]s4 ,= _! bett] protection1 x is usual to place !m 9 a dry+ case1 :i* ne$ n be an elaborate affair4 ,my dry+ case 0 con/ruct$ out ( an empty box obta9$ f ! groc]2 judg+ f ! leg5d on ! outside x _h once conta9$ t9s ( pres]v$ apples4 ,?is is set up on end ) ! bottom remov$ & made into cross %elves4 ,light musl9 clo? is tack$ on 9 place ( ! bottom1 s z to admit air b exclude du/4 ,on ! front1 :]e ! lid 0 orig9ally nail$1 is a h+$ frame1 cov]$ ) ! same mat]ial1 act+ z a door4 ,?is dry+ h\se is n exactly pretty1 b x has s]v$ its purpose admirably = _m ye>s4 ,a repres5tative ( ! l>va ( ea* species is n[ consid]$ ess5tial to a complete collection ( butt]flies1 & x is r5d]$ ev5 m p]fect if egg-%ells & *rysalis cases c also be includ$4 ,we n[ h a fairly easy & reliable process = pres]v+ l>v1 a process :i* any aspir+ "y collector c c>ry ?r\gh )\t mu* tr\ble or exp5se4 ,x is really v simple & co/s little4 ,true1 "o c pur*ase app>atus specially made = ! "w = t51 or ev5 five1 %ill+s1 b equally good results c be obta9$ ) ! exp5diture ( a few p5ce & a little +5uity4 ,i /rongly advise "y folk to make _! own app>atus2 by s do+ !y develop res\rcefulness1 & a h&y y\ng/] is n likely to make a failure ( 8 life4 ,9 ! fir/ place y w ne$ a hot-air *amb]4 ,any empty t(fee-t9 w s]ve ?is purpose2 "o some:]e ab\t #f in*es long by #d in*es 9 diamet] w be a h&y size4 ,get a piece ( copp] or s(t iron wire1 su* z mill9]s use2 give ! wire two or ?ree turns r\nd ! t91 twi/+ x z tightly z y c3 !n give ! two free ends a turn or two r\nd a gas-bracket ne> ! burn]1 s z to br+ y\r t91 ) ! op5 end next y1 j ov] ! burn]4 ,or y may m\nt ! t9 ov] a _s-lamp1 9 :i* ev5t y w n be tr\bl$ ) soot ga!r+ on ! outside ( y\r ov54 ,y n[ h an ov5 :i* y c make z hot z y want x by regulat+ y\r flame2 y w soon discov] ! "r temp]ature 9 :i* to dry a sk9 quickly )\t burn+ x4 ,! sk9s ( small1 ?9-sk9n$ cat]pill>s dry v quickly1 :il/ ^? ( l>ge mo?s1 su* z ! ,oak ,egg>1 dry m sl[ly ev5 ) m heat4 ,y\r next requirem5t is a glass bl[pipe3 ?is y c pur*ase at ! *emi/'s = a copp]4 ,ask = a glass tube ab\t a foot long & a qu>t] ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,n[1 ?is tub+ is made ( a v s(t & pliable k9d ( glass1 & by heat+ x ov] a flame y %\ld h no difficulty 9 draw+ out "o end ( ! tube into a f9e po9t1 n too long & n too abrupt2 ! illu/ration 7,plate ,,vii47 w %[ y ! "r l5g? ( ! po9t4 ,hold ! end ov] ! gas-jet1 keep turn+ x r\nd1 & 9 a m9ute x w become r$ & s(t2 remove ! end ( ! tube f ! flame1 grasp x ) a pair ( =ceps1 & g5tly & /eadily pull ! heat$ portion until x is drawn to a po9t ( ! requir$ l5g?4 ,nip (f ! "p y caught ) ! =ceps1 & y\r tube is ready4 ,or ano!r way is to heat ! tube 9 ! middle1 & pull ! two ends ap>t2 ?is w give y two bl[pipes1 & y c make a f9e po9t to "o = small cat]pill>s & a wid] ap]ture to ! o!r = l>ge ones4 ,i us$ to "k a fri5dly *emi/ :o w\ld po9t z _m tubes z ,i want$ at 8 ,buns5 burn] 9 a few m9utes4 ,to complete y\r bl[pipe1 y w ne$ ab\t #b in*es ( a wat*-spr+--any wat*-repair] w give y a brok5 spr+4 ,! photograph on ,plate ,,vii4 %[s h[ ! piece ( spr+ is plac$ & us$2 x is b5t to ! requir$ %ape :ile heat$1 & b\nd 9 position ) f9e copp] wire4 ,! wire ,i use is ! same z t requir$ = m\nt+ dri$ l>va sk9s2 x c be obta9$ at any %op :]e electrical appliances are sold2 x is an extremely f9e wire cov]$ ) gre5 silk ?read4 ,y\r l>va-pres]v+ outfit is complet$ ) a %eet ( blott+-pap] & an ord9>y lead p5cil4 ,i w n[ describe ! process4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #d4 #a4 ,cl\d$ ,yell[ 7,male7 #b4 ,brim/one 7,male7 #c4 ,silv]-wa%$ ,fritill>y 7,male7 #d4 ,d>k-gre5 ,fritill>y 7,male7 #e4 ,high ,br[n ,fritill>y #f4 ,que5 ( ,spa9 ,fritill>y #g4 ,small ,pe>l-bord]$ ,fritill>y #h4 ,pe>l-bord]$ ,fritill>y #i4 ,greasy ,fritill>y ,!re c\ld be no bett] species to beg9 ) ?an ! cat]pill> ( ! ,l>ge ,g>d5 ,:ite butt]fly2 get "o z ne>ly full-gr[n z possible1 lay x out on ! blott+-pad be=e y1 place ! lead p5cil across x g5tly1 b firmly1 j beh9d ! head1 & roll x t[>ds ! tail4 ,?is kills ! l>va in/antly1 & empties out its int]nal organs by ! anal orifice4 ,roll y\r p5cil ov] x aga9 to make sure ! sk9 is ?or\ghly clean inside2 !n ins]t y\r bl[pipe into ! anal orifice1 lett+ ! spr+ d[n on ! la/ segm5t s z to hold ! sk9 on2 apply y\r m\? to ! o!r end ( ! bl[pipe1 bl[ ! sk9 out g5tly1 & ins]t 9 ! hot-air ov54 ,keep bl[+ g5tly = a few seconds2 wat* progress2 t\* ! sk9 ) y\r f+] to see if x is gett+ h>d & dry4 ,don't bl[ too h>d & make x look l a bur/+ sausage2 try to keep x z natural 9 appe>ance z possible4 ,9 a few m9utes x w be q h>d & dry2 :5 dry1 raise ! spr+1 & a slight t\* ) ! ?umb-nail w lib]ate x f ! bl[pipe4 ,! sk9 is n[ ready = m\nt+ on silk-cov]$ wire or a ?9 dry twig ) a little entomological gum or seccot9e4 ,our specim5 is n[ ready to take its place 9 ! collection4 ,we n[ h to face ! problem ( /or+ ! collection4 ,x is probably beyond ! means ( a "y collector to pur*ase a cab9et ) draw]s1 co/+ t5 %ill+s p] draw]1 & he w be well advis$ to keep 8 specim5s 9 /ore-boxes :i* he may be able to make = himself4 ,i made "s v s]viceable ones ) sc5t$ soap-boxes got f our groc]4 ,any size w d1 b x is be/ to h y\r boxes all ( "o size if possible1 say #aj in*es by #ad in*es by #d in*es4 ,get a few light deal boxes ab\t ^! dim5sions1 nail on ! lids1 pap] !m all ov] ! outside ) good /\t br[n pack+-pap] hav+ a glossy surface2 pa/e x on ) ?9 glue2 set aside a day or two to dry4 ,:5 dry1 take a %>p saw & cut ! boxes r\nd ! sides & ends1 s t ea* box is divid$ into two equal traylike halves4 ,glue a /\t c>dbo>d %ell r\nd ! inside ( "o half1 & atta* ! o!r half by two small brass h+es4 ,! c>dbo>d %ell rises above ! sides ( ! tray1 & :5 ! o!r half ( ! box is fold$ ov] x /ays put1 z ! ,yankee says2 &1 9 addition1 y h a fairly air-tight con/ruction4 ,^! /ore-boxes fold aft] ! mann] ( a book-=m *ess or draught bo>d4 ,ea* half requires to be l9$ on ! inside ) %eet cork1 :i* y c get f deal]s 9 entomologi/s' sundries1 & f9ally cov]$ ) ?9 :ite pap]4 ,su* a /ore-box co/s less ?an "o & sixp5ce4 ,keep two or ?ree boxes = duplicate specim5s1 & z _m = y\r p]man5t collection4 ,by-&-by y w want glass-topp$ cases1 b by ! "t y h arriv$ at t /age y %\ld h ga9$ suffici5t exp]i5ce to enable y to "k :]e to buy !m4 ,see t e specim5 be=e be+ transf]r$ to y\r p]man5t collection be>s ) x a small label sett+ =? ! date & place ( capture1 ?us3 ,,epp+1 #i_/f_/aa4 ,j4 ,rob]ts4 ,,abbey ,,wood1 ,,h]ts1 #g_/i_/aa4 ,rob]tson4 ,keep ^! tickets z inconspicu\s z possible & ) ! writ+ or pr9t+ 9 su* a position z to be easily read )\t requir+ to remove ! insect4 ,! foll[+ li/ ( ,briti% butt]flies is ?or\ghly mod]n1 & 9 labell+ y\r specim5s y %\ld adopt its nom5clature1 & also foll[ ! ord] giv5 9 arrang+ y\r collection4 ,bo? ,lat9 & ,engli% names are includ$1 b if y wi% to be a ?or\gh entomologi/ y %\ld accu/om y\rself to use ! sci5tific names4 ,! ,lat9 "n is ! same ev]y:]e f ,*9a to ,p]u4 ,if y use an ,engli% "n ( a butt]fly 9 writ+ to a =eign collector he w probably fail to recognize ! species ref]r$ to1 b if y give ! sci5tific "n he w "k x at once4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,briti% ,,butt]flies ,,arrang$ ,,9 ,,_! ,,families ,,& ,,g5]a1 ,,) ,,_! ,,sci5tific ,,& ,,popul> ,,names4 ,family3 ,,papilionid4 ,papilio ma*aon4 ,,swall[-,,tail4 ,family3 ,,pi]id4 ,aporia cratgi4 ,,black-,,ve9$ ,,:ite4 ,pi]is brassic4 ,,l>ge ,,:ite4 ,pi]is rap4 ,,small ,,:ite4 ,pi]is napi4 ,,gre5-,,ve9$ ,,:ite4 ,pi]is daplidice4 ,,ba? ,,:ite4 ,eu*lo c>dam9es4 ,,orange-,,tip4 ,leucophasia s9apis4 ,,wood ,,:ite4 ,colias hyale4 ,,pale ,,cl\d$ ,,yell[4 ,colias edusa4 ,,cl\d$ ,,yell[4 ,gonept]yx rhamni4 ,,brim/one4 ,family3 ,,nymphalid4 ,argynnis sel5e4 ,,small ,,pe>l-,,bord]$ ,,fritill>y4 ,argynnis euphrosyne4 ,,pe>l-,,bord]$ ,,fritill>y4 ,argynnis la?onia4 ,,que5 ,,( ,,spa9 ,,fritill>y4 ,argynnis aglaia4 ,,d>k ,,gre5 ,,fritill>y4 ,argynnis adippe4 ,,high ,,br[n ,,fritill>y4 ,argynnis paphia4 ,,silv]-,,wa%$ ,,fritill>y4 ,melita aur9ia4 ,,greasy ,,fritill>y4 ,melita c9xia4 ,,glanville ,,fritill>y4 ,melita a?alia4 ,,hea? ,,fritill>y4 ,vanessa c-album4 ,,comma4 ,vanessa poly*loros4 ,,l>ge ,,tortoise%ell4 ,vanessa urtic4 ,,small ,,tortoise%ell4 ,vanessa io4 ,,peacock4 ,vanessa antiopa4 ,,camb]well ,,beauty4 ,vanessa atalanta4 ,,r$ ,,admiral4 ,vanessa c>dui4 ,,pa9t$ ,,lady4 ,lim5itis sibylla4 ,,:ite ,,admiral4 ,family3 ,,apaturid4 ,apatura iris4 ,,purple ,,emp]or4 ,family3 ,,satyrid4 ,melan>gia gala!a4 ,,m>bl$ ,,:ite4 ,erebia epiphron4 ,,m\nta9 ,,r+let4 ,erebia ?iops4 ,,nor!rn ,,br[n1 ,,or ,,scot* ,,argus4 ,p>>ge g]ia4 ,,speckl$ ,,wood4 ,p>>ge megra4 ,,wall ,,br[n4 ,satyrus semele4 ,,grayl+4 ,ep9ephele janira4 ,,mead[ ,,br[n4 ,ep9ephele ti?onus4 ,,small ,,mead[ ,,br[n4 ,ep9ephele hyp]an?us4 ,,r+let4 ,cnonympha typhon4 ,,m>% ,,r+let4 ,cnonympha pamphilus4 ,,small ,,hea?4 ,family3 ,,lyc,,nid4 ,!cla betul4 ,,br[n ,,hair/reak4 ,!cla w-album4 ,,:ite-,,lett] ,,hair/reak4 ,!cla pruni4 ,,black ,,hair/reak4 ,!cla qu]cus4 ,,purple ,,hair/reak4 ,!cla rubi4 ,,gre5 ,,hair/reak4 ,polyommatus disp>4 ,,l>ge ,,copp]4 ,polyommatus phlz4 ,,small ,,copp]4 ,lycna btica4 ,,long-,,tail$ ,,blue4 ,lycna gon4 ,,silv]-,,/udd$ ,,blue4 ,lycna a/r>*e4 ,,br[n ,,argus4 ,lycna ic>us4 ,,common ,,blue4 ,lycna bell>gus4 ,,clifd5 ,,blue4 ,lycna corydon4 ,,*alk-,,hill ,,blue4 ,lycna argiolus4 ,,azure ,,blue4 ,lycna semi>gus4 ,,maz>9e ,,blue4 ,lycna m9ima4 ,,little ,,blue4 ,lycna arion4 ,,l>ge ,,blue4 ,family3 ,,eryc9id4 ,nemeobius luc9a4 ,,duke ,,( ,,burgundy4 ,family3 ,,hesp]id4 ,syri*?us malv4 ,,grizzl$ ,,skipp]4 ,nisoniades tages4 ,,d+y ,,skipp]4 ,hesp]ia ?aumas4 ,,small ,,skipp]4 ,hesp]ia l9eola4 ,,essex ,,skipp]4 ,hesp]ia acton4 ,,lulwor? ,,skipp]4 ,hesp]ia sylvanus4 ,,l>ge ,,skipp]4 ,hesp]ia comma4 ,,silv]-,,spott$ ,,skipp]4 ,c>t]ocephalus palmon4 ,,*eck]$ ,,skipp]4 ,! rema9+ pages ( ?is volume w be devot$ to a description ( ! species m5tion$ 9 ! =ego+ li/1 toge!r ) notes on habits & o!r po9ts4 ,assi/$ by ! spl5did col\r$ plates1 :i* are produc$ f actual specim5s1 & ! notes 9 ! foll[+ pages1 ! "y collector %\ld h no difficulty 9 id5tify+ ! specim5s he secures4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,briti% ,,butt]flies ,,describ$ ,,! ,,swall[-,,tail 7,papilio ,ma*aon71 ,plate ,i41 ,fig4 #a4--;,i f9d1 9 ,scotl&1 :]e ,i live1 t ! fir/ "q put by fri5ds look+ ov] "o's insect treasures usually ref]s to ?is butt]fly4 ,is t a ,briti% butt]fly8 !y ask2 & on be+ assur$ t x is1 !y t5d] ! in=mation t !y nev] saw "o l x 9 ?is neighb\rhood2 & x takes mu* explanation to make !m und]/& h[ r>e & local "s butt]flies & mo?s are4 ,alas6 he is our "o & only ,swall[-,tail--! connect+ l9k betwe5 our small isl& family & ! great ho/ ( tropical & subtropical ,swall[-,tails t flaunt _! gorge\s col\rs "u sunni] skies4 ,& we hope he may long rema9 ) u4 ,! inc5tive to travel & capture ?is butt]fly 9 8 native haunts is n s great z x may h be5 half a c5tury ago4 ,= a few p5ce1 or by ex*ange1 ! l>va or *rysalis c be _h f a deal]1 & ) ord9>y c>e & att5tion x is n a difficult species to re>1 & ?us see alive4 ,t ?is species is already gett+ sc>c] %\ld be a w>n+ to all :o are int]e/$ 9 ! pres]vation ( our native fauna4 ,its ext]m9ation might n be a v difficult task2 & al?\gh x is common 9 _m places on ! ,cont95t1 its re9troduction into ,engl& w\ld c]ta9ly be att5d$ ) great tr\ble & difficulty4 ,two ye>s ago 7#aiji7 an exp]im5t 0 made1 "u v fav\rable conditions1 to naturalize a colony ( ?is f9e butt]fly at ,ea/on1 ne> ,dunm[1 9 ,essex1 ! prop]ty ( ,"l ,w>wick4 ,"l ,w>wick & ,pr(essor ,meldola laid d[n a l>ge numb] ( *rysalids :i* duly hat*$1 &1 al?\gh ! surr\nd+ m>% l& _h be5 lib]ally /ock$ ) ! food-plant1 yet no eggs or l>v 7 f\nd aft] ! butt]flies _h pass$ _! season1 nor h any be5 se5 s9ce4 ,d\btless ! butt]fly has _m natural enemies1 & :5 we consid] ! dra9+1 burn+1 & ru%-cutt+ t g on 9 ^! f5 l&s1 x w be app>5t t ! "t _c be f> di/ant :5 an ef=t w ne$ to be made1 su* z at ,wick51 to provide ,cities ( ,refuge1 = _m ( our r>e & p]secut$ little fri5ds4 ,i speak = birds1 butt]flies1 fl[]s & f]ns4 ,an educat$ public ta/e w\ld d m = !m all ?an any am\nt ( ,acts ( ,p>liam5t4 ,! ,swall[-,tail measures fully #c in*es across ! exp&$ w+s2 ! prevail+ t9t is a pale primrose yell[1 ) b>s & masses ( black1 ! latt] p[d]$ ) yell[ scales on ! =e-w+s1 & ) pale blue on ! h9d-w+s4 ,!re are also two r$ eye spots on ! inn] angle ( ! h9d-w+s ne> ! tails4 ,! "u side looks n unlike a wa%$-out v]sion ( ! upp]1 ) a little m r$ on ! h9d-w+s4 ,! cat]pill>1 too1 is v beautiful1 be+ gre5 9 col\r1 belt$ ) black1 & ! black is /udd$ ) r$ spots4 ,x ?rives well on v>i\s memb]s ( ! c>rot family--c>rot1 p>sley1 f5nel1 cel]y2 x has occasionally be5 f\nd fe$+ on ! common c>rot leaves 9 rural g>d5s 9 neighb\rhoods :]e ! insect ab\nds4 ,! *rysalis1 9 :i* =m ! insect passes ?r\gh ! w9t]1 is hung up 9 q ! or?odox mann]1 belt$ r\nd ! back & atta*$ at ! tail4 ,if y %\ld f9d *rysalids 9 ?is position dur+ ! w9t] mon?s & wi% to remove !m1 cut away ! :ole support1 & set !m up aga9 9 y\r hat*+ cage1 z y f\nd !m4 ,always avoid unnecess>y h&l+ ( ^! delicate objects4 ,!re are c]ta9ly two1 & probably ?ree1 broods dur+ a fav\rable summ]1 s ?is butt]fly may be captur$ f ,may to ,augu/4 ,its headqu>t]s are 9 ! ,f5 c\nties ( ,cambridge & ,norfolk1 & x is f\nd 9 _m simil> localities 9 few] numb]s4 ,,black-,,ve9$ ,,:ite 7,aporia ,cratgi71 ,plate ,i41 ,fig4 #b4--,?is is "o ( ! r>e/ ( our butt]flies1 ?\gh :y x %\ld be s is r difficult to say4 ,z x fe$s ^u haw?orn 9 ! l>val /ate ! puzzle is all ! great]1 z a common] or m widely di/ribut$ plant x w\ld be h>d to f9d4 ,x may be also f\nd on black?orn1 *]ry1 plum1 apple1 & pe>4 ,x is n difficult to di/+ui% ?is f9e insect f all ! o!r ,:ites on our li/4 ,! w+s are r ?9ly scal$2 y c note ?is by hold+ ! insect up to ! light1 & look+ ?r\gh ! w+ ) an ord9>y pocket-l5s4 ,d ! same ) its ne> neighb\r1 ! ,l>ge ,g>d5 ,:ite1 & y w see a diff]5ce--! ,black-,ve9$ ,:ite is semi-transp>5t1 :ile ! o!r is q d5se4 ,! almo/ black network ( ve9s is ano!r unmi/akable feature1 z is ! entire abs5ce ( a fr+e to ! w+s4 ,two & a half in*es is ! av]age expanse ( ! ext5d$ w+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #e4 #a4 ,glanville ,fritill>y #b4 ,hea? ,fritill>y #c4 ,comma #d4 ,small ,tortoise%ell #e4 ,l>ge ,tortoise%ell #f4 ,camb]well ,beauty #g4 ,peacock ,! cat]pill> is r hairy1 dull-col\r$ und]nea?1 black on ! back1 ) two l9es ( broad r$ spots runn+ f head to tail4 ,:5 y f9d ?is cat]pill>1 y g5]ally get a :ole brood ( !m1 z !y are greg>i\s & live "u a web until ne>ly fully f$4 ,! *rysalis is ( a bright /raw col\r1 spott$ & /reak$ ) black1 & is n s angul> z ! *rysalis ( ! ,l>ge ,g>d5 ,:ite4 ,! butt]fly is out 9 midsumm]1 & is r>ely se5 outside ( ! mo/ s\!rn c\nties1 & ev5 !re x seems to pref] ! coa/4 ,9 ,cont95tal g>d5s x sometimes attacks ! fruit-trees 9 su* numb]s z to con/itute a plague4 ,,! ,,l>ge ,,g>d5 ,,:ite ,,butt]fly 7,pi]is brassic7 ,plate ,i41 ,fig4 #c1 is well kn[n to ev]ybody4 ,t[n & c\ntry seem to be ! same to him2 inde$1 ,i d believe he lives & ?rives be/ 9 ! t[n & village g>d5s2 only twice h ,i met ) ! l>va 9 a really wild situation1 once f9d+ a few cat]pill>s on a lonely %ore 9 ,arran1 & ,i once got a *rysalis on a bee*-tree trunk on ! bord] ( a l>ge wood4 ,cabbage1 kale1 savoy1 & cress1 are ! plants :i* ! female usually selects z ! mo/ suitable to lay h] eggs on1 b z ! cat]pill>s gr[ t[>ds maturity !re are few plants !y w n attack1 especially if !y are driv5 by hung] & a lack ( _! usual food4 ,! butt]fly h>dly ne$s description2 suffice x to say t ! female1 besides hav+ a r l>g] expanse ( black at ! tip ( ! =e-w+1 has also two black spots & a da% 7see figure7 on ! same w+4 ,^! are entirely want+ on ! upp] side ( ! male1 b are pres5t on ! "u side4 ,! male is a little small] ?an ! female4 ,beyond "q ?is butt]fly is ! mo/ de/ructive ( all ! ,briti% species2 =tunately x is l>gely held 9 *eck by i*neumon flies4 ,once ,i br\ght home a doz5 or two cat]pill>s ( ?is species f an isolat$ locality on ! ,mull ( ,k9tyre1 hop+ to obta9 "s possible v>ieties4 ,n "o butt]fly did ,i hat*2 !y _h all be5 /ung1 & mo/ly by a l>ge grey dipt]\s fly 7,plate ,,xi41 ,fig4 #d71 al?\gh "s few conta9$ ! little blacki% imp :i* is _! usual p>asite4 ,?is little fell[ x is :o sp9s ! small cocoons r\nd ! %rivell$ sk9 ( ! victim 7see ,plate ,,xi41 ,figs4 #c1 #e74 ,! eggs are laid s+ly or 9 small gr\ps on ! backs ( leaves1 & are some:at long2 !y are /raw-col\r$1 & /& up on end1 s !y are n difficult to f9d & collect1 or de/roy if too num]\s4 ,! cat]pill> is yell[1 speckl$ ) black1 & slightly sp9y2 x is also "o ( ! easie/ & mo/ satisfactory to pres]ve4 ,! *rysalis may be f\nd dur+ ! w9t] atta*$ to walls & f5ces4 ,! butt]fly is common ?r\gh\t ! summ]4 ,,small ,,g>d5 ,,:ite 7,pi]is rap71 ,plate ,i41 ,fig4 #d4--,?is butt]fly is v l ! la/1 b mu* small]4 ,bo? species are g5]ally f\nd toge!r4 ,on ! w+ & 9 ! cat]pill> /ate !y f9d ! same nooks & corn]s 9 :i* to pass ! w9t] z *rysalids4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #f ,paisley ,me?od ( ,sett+ ,b ! cat]pill>s are v diff]5t 9 appe>ance4 ,9 ?is species ! col\r is a s(t velvety gre51 ) a fa9t yell[ l9e d[n ! back4 ,/ret*$ at full l5g? on ! midrib ( a cabbage-leaf1 x is by no means a conspicu\s object1 & may be q easily ov]look$2 b if y see ! leaves riddl$ ) holes1 & f9d excrem5t ly+ betwe5 !m & at ! base1 don't cease look+ until y f9d ! culprit1 sometimes deep 9 a cabbage1 or on ! back ( ! out] leaves4 ,o!r cat]pill>s besides ^? ( ! ,l>ge & ,small ,:ites may be pres5t 9 =ce1 notably ^? ( ! ,cabbage mo? 7,mame/ra brassic71 l>ge /\t cat]pill>s v>y+ f gre5 to black2 !y are f> too num]\s1 s h no compunction ab\t de/roy+ all y f9d4 ,! cat]pill> is apt to lose its col\r 9 pres]v+1 z is ! case ) all gre5 cat]pill>s4 ,,gre5-,,ve9$ ,,:ite 7,pi]is napi71 ,plate ,i41 ,fig4 #e4--,unlike ! la/ two species1 ?is ,:ite is m (t5 f\nd 9 ! c\ntry ?an ! t[n1 & 9 my exp]i5ce x is only a casual visitor to suburban g>d5s4 ,i h nev] f\nd ! cat]pill>s !re4 ,to di/+ui% x f ! la/ species x is only necess>y to exam9e ! "u side1 :]e bo? =e- & h9d-w+s are /rongly ve9$ ) greyi%-black1 ! female p>ticul>ly s4 ,on ! upp] side ! ve9s are di/9ctly m>k$1 b ! l9e is f9]4 ,9 a r wet mead[ :]e ,ladies' ,smock ab\nds 9 e>ly ,june1 ,i h se5 ?is butt]fly 9 pr(usion1 & n at all easy to capture :5 ! sun 0 high4 ,b :5 ,k+ ,sol is s9k+ 9 ! we/1 & all dec5t butt]flies h gone to re/1 a turn ?r\gh ! same mead[ :ile ! light /ill l+]s reveals ! ,ve9$ ,:ites all at re/ on ! fl[]-heads ( ! ,ladies' ,smocks4 ,x is !n q easy to select a few ( ! be/1 & se>* = v>ieties1 until 9 ! deep5+ twilight butt]flies & fl[]s became s bl5d$ z to pres5t only a :iti% blurr to ! eye4 ,!re are two broods--"o out 9 ,june1 ! o!r 9 ,augu/4 ,! cat]pill> is gre51 ) yell[ spots on ! sides1 & may be f\nd on v>i\s plants ( ! crucif]\s ord]1 ! cress gr\p 9 p>ticul>4 ,i h f\nd x on ! ,ladies' ,smock 7,c>dam9e prat5se7 & on ! l>ge-fl[]$ ,bitt] ,cress 7,c>dam9e am>a74 ,= y\r collection always m\nt at lea/ "o ( ea* sex ) ! "u side upp]mo/4 ,! specim5 figur$ is a female2 ! male has only "o r\nd spot on ea* =e-w+4 ,,ba? ,,:ite 7,pi]is ,daplidice71 ,plate ,i41 ,fig4 #f4--,?is is ! r>e/ ( all our ,:ites2 inde$1 x is d\btful if x bre$s 9 ?is c\ntry at all4 ,a few specim5s are tak5 annually on ! s\?-ea/ coa/ & neighb\rhood1 & ! likelihood is t !y are migrants f ! ,cont95t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is j possible t on acc\nt ( its close resemblance to ! ,gre5-,ve9$ ,:ite :5 on ! w+1 x is (t5 pass$ ov] :5 mix$ up ) & fly+ among/ a numb] ( t species4 ,! sexes are easily di/+ui%$ by ! female hav+ ! upp] side ( ! h9d-w+s broadly *eck]$ ) a d\ble b& ( black spots1 :i* is entirely want+ 9 ! male4 ,! "u side1 h[ev]1 ( bo? sexes is beautifully m>bl$ 9 d>k gre5 on a creamy :ite gr\nd4 ,! cat]pill> is a dull gre5 ) yell[ l9es on back & sides1 & may be f$ on cabbage or ,dy]'s ,rocket4 ,! *rysalis is v simil> to t ( ! ,small ,g>d5 ,:ite4 ,! butt]fly may be met ) 9 ,may & ,june1 & aga9 9 ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,,! ,,orange-,,tip ,,butt]fly 7,eu*lo ,c>dam9es71 ,plate ,i41 ,fig4 #g4--,?is is ! only memb] ( its g5us inhabit+ ?is c\ntry1 ?\gh !re are sev]al o!rs met ) on ! ,cont95t4 ,x has a wide range 9 ,brita9 & may be met ) f ,ab]de5%ire to ! s\? coa/ ( ,engl&1 al?\gh x appe>s to be becom+ sc>c] & m local 9 ! nor!rn half ( ! k+dom4 ,! gr\nd col\r ( ! upp] side ( ! w+s is :ite1 ) a l>ge orange pat* occupy+ almo/ ! out] half ( ! =e-w+1 reliev$ by a black tip & a black spot4 ,9 ! female ^! black m>ks are l>g]1 b ! orange is entirely want+4 ,! "u side ( ! =e-w+ is l ! upp]1 b ! "u side ( ! h9d-w+ is beautifully m>bl$ 9 d>k gre51 an effect obta9$ by ! comm+l+ ( black scales on a yell[ gr\nd4 ,! cat]pill> is gre51 ) a :ite l9e on ! sides1 & fe$s on v>i\s species ( ,c>dam9e2 h5ce mead[-l&s are its fav\rite resorts1 & !re ! curi\s %>p-look+ little *rysalis may be f\nd hung up to "s dead /em dur+ w9t]4 ,! butt]fly appe>s 9 e>ly ,june & does n g5]ally survive t mon?4 ,,! ,,wood ,,:ite ,,butt]fly 7,leucophasia s9apis71 ,plate ,i41 ,fig4 #h4 --,?is is ! smalle/ & mo/ fragile ( our :ite butt]flies4 ,! w+s are :ite ) a black tip on ! =e-w+1 & ! "u side ( ! h9d-w+ cl\d$ ) black scales4 ,! body is long1 sl5d]1 & a little flatt5$ lat]ally4 ,x is n a common species1 & is v local :]e x does occur4 ,x has be5 f\nd z f> nor? z ! ,lake ,di/rict1 & d[n to ! s\? coa/4 ,x is unrecord$ = ,scotl&1 b has be5 tak5 9 ,irel&4 ,! cat]pill> is gre51 ) yell[ l9es on ! sides2 x fe$s on v>i\s memb]s ( ! pea family--,vet*1 ,trefoil1 etc4 ,x appe>s on ! w+ 9 ,may1 & sometimes a second brood occurs 9 ,augu/2 s y may look = ! cat]pill> 9 ,june & aga9 9 ,septemb]4 ,,! ,,pale ,,cl\d$ ,,yell[ ,,butt]fly 7,colias ,hyale71 ,plate ,i41 ,fig4 #i4--;,i ?9k !re c be little d\bt t ?is f9e butt]fly is on ! increase ) u2 f all ov] ! s\!rn c\nties come records ( its comp>ative pl5ty4 ,9 ! ,entomologi/ 7,octob]1 #aiaa7 ,i read ( ov] "o hundr$ be+ se5 or captur$ by v>i\s collectors4 ,norfolk1 ,suffolk1 ,essex1 ,k5t1 ,bucks1 are among/ ! fav\r$ places1 & ,luc]ne- or ,clov]-fields are ! attractions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #g ,app>atus = ,pres]v+ ,l>v ,! "q ( ! migration ( ?is & ! foll[+ species is /ill v f> f be+ satisfactorily settl$4 ,t we d get a sw>m ov] f ! ,cont95t :5 conditions are fav\rable is a matt] ( common k1 b :e!r we h resid5t & p]man5t colonies ( our own is /ill d\btful4 ,9 any case ?is ye> 7#aiaa7 has be5 a ,hyale ye>1 & we give ?anks4 ,! gr\nd col\r ( ?is butt]fly is a pale primrose-yell[4 ,!re is a broad black bord] beg9n+ at ! tip ( ! =e-w+ & cont9u+ on to ! h9d-w+1 :]e x gradually dies out at ! bottom angle2 plac$ on ?is b& ( black are a few yell[ spots4 ,!re is also a black spot on ! =e-w+1 & a fa9t orange spot ne> ! middle ( ! h9d-w+4 ,! "u side is m ( a yell[ %ade1 & a l9e ( br[n spots runs r\nd ! out] m>g9 ( bo? w+s4 ,!re is a silv]y spot 9 ! c5tre ( ! h9d-w+s1 l a figure #h bord]$ ) p9ki% br[n1 & 9 f9e fre% specim5s ! fr+e is ( ! latt] col\r4 ,! female is a %ade light] 9 gr\nd col\r & also %[s m black4 ,! cat]pill> may be look$ = 9 ,june & ,july on ,clov] & ,luc]ne2 x is gre51 ) yell[ l9es runn+ along ! back & sides4 ,! *rysalis is gre5 ) a s+le yell[ l9e4 ,! latt] half ( ,augu/ & ! fir/ half ( ,septemb] cov] ! be/ p]iod ( its flight 9 ?is c\ntry2 on ! ,cont95t !re is a spr+ brood4 ,,! ,,cl\d$ ,,yell[ 7,colias ,edusa71 ,plate ,,iv41 ,fig4 #a4--;,z ) ! la/ species1 we h /ill mu* to le>n ( ! habits ( ?is f9e butt]fly4 ,"s ye>s x is pl5tiful1 :ile 9 o!rs h>dly a specim5 w be se5--& z = ! cat]pill>s1 we nev] he> ( !m be+ successfully se>*$ =4 ,! probability is t f a few spr+ visitors f ! ,cont95t we get a numb] ( desc5dants 9 ,augu/1 :5 a great _m m arrive f across ! ,*annel & m+le ) !m4 ,! di/ribution ( ne>ly all animals is regulat$ by ! food-supply1 ! climate1 or _! enemies2 yet none ( ^! seem to satisfactorily acc\nt = ! disappe>ance & reappe>ance ( ,edusa ) u4 ,x is a /rong fly+ insect ) a rov+ disposition1 & on q a few occasions x has be5 not$ z f> nor? z ,arran & ! ,ayr%ire coa/1 9 ,scotl&4 ,! brilliant orange & black w+s make its id5tity unmi/akable4 ,n s1 h[ev]1 ) ! light sulphur-col\r$ female v>iety1 :i* v ne>ly approa*es ! typical female =m ( ,hyale1 b x may be di/+ui%$ by ! broad] black b& on bo? =e- & h9d-w+s1 & a heavy spr9kl+ ( black scales ne> ! base ( ! =m]1 & all ov] ! latt]4 ,! orange spot too1 9 ! c5tre ( ! h9d-w+ is deep]1 &1 be+ on a d>k] gr\nd1 looks mu* bright]4 ,!re is no correspond+ male v>iation4 ,! cat]pill> is d>k gre51 ) a light l9e on ea* side1 v>i$ ) yell[ & orange t\*es4 ,x fe$s on v>i\s plants ( ! pea ord]--vet*es1 trefoils1 clov]s1 etc4 ,! *rysalis is br[n spott$1 & is /rip$ ) a yell[ l9e4 ,! butt]fly appe>s ) u dur+ ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #h4 #a4 ,r$ ,admiral #b4 ,pa9t$ ,lady #c4 ,milk ,we$ #d4 ,:ite ,admiral #e4 ,purple ,emp]or 7,male7 ,,! ,,brim/one ,,butt]fly 7,gonept]yx rhamni71 ,plate ,,iv41 ,fig4 #b4--,:5 ,i glance at ?is beautiful butt]fly1 ,i always feel incl9$ to laugh1 n at ! butt]fly--oh de> no6--b at a practical joke ,i once saw ?r\gh1 mu* to ! a/oni%m5t ( a soldi] fri5d4 ,he _h br\ght home a l>ge assortm5t ( f9e butt]flies f ,india1 & 9 go+ ov] ! /ock my att5tion 0 arre/$ by ! peculi> patt]n on "o ( !m4 ,= gr\nd col\r & outl9e x c]ta9ly resembl$ our own ,brim/one1 b :at weird m>k+s6 ,turn+ ! h&-glass on x reveal$ ! fact t x 0 h&-pa9t$4 ,i ask$ ! s]geant :o did ?is1 & !n he sudd5ly rememb]$1 & gave v5t to a l\d guffaw4 ,! scamps1 by ,jove6 ,t c>ries me back to a c]ta9 mess-room at ,d>jeel+ :5 ?is insect 0 h&$ ov] to me by a c]ta9 "y (fic] z a great r>ity4 ,he 0 sure !re 0 n ano!r l x 9 ! camp2 & he 0 "r4 ,lots ( our fell[s w5t 'butt]fly dodg+1' & _h big collections to take home2 b n "o ( !m _h ?is "o4 ,!y nam$ x ',! ,(fic]'s ,fancy4' ,n[1 ,i recollect see+ ?is same (fic] out sket*+ & fool+ ar\nd ) a box ( pa9ts4 ,x's clev]1 ?\gh1 isn't x8 ,he took u all completely 94 ,?is 0 h>dly to be wond]$ at6 ,! col\rs _h be5 v delicately laid on1 & ! patt]n adopt$ 0 ( ! eye-spot & /reak ord]1 s t ! :ole effect 0 q h>moni\s & 9 good ta/e4 ,b ! ,brim/one requires no artificial aids to make x a w>m fav\rite ) all butt]fly lov]s2 if x lacks v>iety ( col\r+1 x m ?an makes up = x 9 ! beautiful sweep+ outl9es ( ! w+s4 ,no o!r butt]fly on our li/ c %[ su* sweet h>mony ( l9e & cont\r4 ,l a breeze-bl[n daffodil1 he greets u on our e>ly spr+ rambles1 j :5 ! op5+ blossoms & leafy buds are all d\bly welcome1 9 t we h miss$ _! fri5dly pres5ce ?r\gh ! long days ( w9t]4 ,! female hib]nates 9 all sorts ( out-(-!-way corn]s--9 d5se holly-bu%es1 piles ( bru%wood1 *9ks ( walls1 etc41 com+ =? aga9 9 ,may or ev5 e>li] to deposit h] eggs on ! ,buck?orn & its allies4 ,! ant5n are r %ort & m l a club ?an a drum-/ick1 :ile ! beautiful :ite silk5 mane along ! back is q a noticeable feature4 ,! female is ( a mu* light] t9t ?an ! male4 ,! cat]pill> is gre51 ) pal] sides1 along :i* runs a :ite l9e3 x may be f\nd on ! ,buck?orn f ,may till ,july4 ,! *rysalis1 :i* is support$ on ! tail & b& pr9ciple1 is gre5 & yell[1 & r oddly %ap$4 ,x hat*es 9 ! c\rse ( ab\t ?ree weeks4 ,?is butt]fly is a pl5tiful insect s\? ( ! ,bord]1 b we h yet to record x = ,scotl&4 ,,! ,,small ,,pe>l-,,bord]$ ,,fritill>y 7,argynnis ,sel5e71 ,plate ,,iv41 ,fig4 #g4--,l all ! memb]s ( its family ! gr\nd col\r ( ! w+s ( ?is insect is a r$di%-br[n1 m>bl$ & spott$ ) black4 ,= size x diff]s little f ! next species1 & ! upp] surface ( ! two be+ s mu* alike1 x is sometimes difficult to di/+ui% betwe5 !m4 ,! "u side 7,plate ,x41 ,fig4 #c71 especially ( ! h9d-w+s1 h[ev]1 r5d]s ! task ( id5tification comp>atively easy3 ! gr\nd col\r is a deep] br[n 9 ?is species & causes ! pe>l bord] to /& out 9 /rong] relief2 besides1 num]\s o!r pe>l spots bright5 its surface4 ,x is a local butt]fly1 ) a wide range ( di/ribution bo? 9 ,engl& & ,scotl&2 & :]e x does occur x is g5]ally common4 ,9 ! ,s\? x may be d\ble brood$1 b 9 ! ,nor? ! ,june flight is all we see ( x = ! ye>4 ,! cat]pill> is black1 ) an int]rupt$ :ite l9e along ! back2 ! sp9es are br[n2 x fe$s on ! dog violet 7,viola can9a74 ,! *rysalis is a%-col\r$4 ,,! ,,pe>l-,,bord]$ ,,fritill>y 7,argynnis ,euphrosyne71 ,plate ,,iv41 ,fig4 #h4--,p]haps ?is is ! common] ( ^! tw9 butt]flies1 ?\gh its range ( di/ribution is mu* ! same z ! =ego+4 ,9 its case1 also1 ! "u side ( ! h9d-w+s furni%es u ) ! ma9 po9ts ( di/9ction4 ,"h ! m>k+s are a w>m mid-r$ %ade on an o*re\s gr\nd2 ! pe>l bord] is v pron\nc$1 & 9 ! middle ( ! w+ a s+le pe>l reposes4 ,ne>] ! body !re is ano!r small] spot h>dly s bright4 ,if y set sev]al ( ^! two species ) ! "u side upp]mo/1 y w soon get q famili> ) ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m4 ,plate ,x41 ,figs4 #c1 #e1 %[s ?is di/9ction4 ,! cat]pill> is simil> to ! la/ species & pref]s ,viola z a food-plant1 b ,i h f\nd x 9 little colonies :]e x mo/ c]ta9ly mu/ h f$ on o!r plants1 z ,violas ( any species 7 di/9ctly r>e 9 ! di/rict1 :i* is wet & m>%y4 ,= ,scotl& !re is a s+le brood 9 ,june1 :ile 9 ! ,s\? x is d\ble-brood$--,may & ,augu/4 ,,! ,,que5 ,,( ,,spa9 ,,fritill>y 7,argynnis ,la?onia71 ,plate ,,iv41 ,fig4 #f4--,?is is1 un=tunately1 ! r>e/ ( all our ,fritill>ies2 un=tunately1 because x is ! mo/ beautiful & brilliant4 ,9 outl9e ! =e-w+ diff]s f t ( ! two prec$+ species1 be+ slightly concave on ! out] m>g91 :ile ! h9d-w+ be>s a slight trace ( scallop+4 ,b x is on ! "u side :]e all ! treasures lie4 ,a r[ ( sev5 pe>l spots adorns ! out] m>g9 ( ! h9d-w+2 !n comes a r[ ( small d>k spots1 ea* ) a pe>l-spot 9 its c5tre2 !n a pr(usion ( l>ge & small glitt]+ pat*es completes ?is beautiful w+4 ,! "u side ( ! =e-w+ has only ?ree 7or sometimes a t9y f\r?7 pe>l spots ne> ! tip4 ,?is butt]fly is tak5 occasionally 9 clov]-fields 9 our s\?-ea/]n c\nties4 ,! specim5s tak5 !re are possibly migrants f ! ,cont95t4 ,! cat]pill> is d>k1 ) a :ite l9e on ! back1 yell[ l9es on ! sides1 & is clo!d ) %ort r$ sp9es4 ,x may be f\nd on ,violas4 ,z ?is insect is d\ble-brood$ on ! ,cont95t1 x is well to look out = x dur+ ! :ole summ] f ,may to ,septemb]4 ,,! ,,d>k ,,gre5 ,,fritill>y 7,argynnis ,aglaia71 ,plate ,,iv41 ,fig4 #d4--,! only claim ?is h&some species has to be call$ gre5 lies 9 ! fact t ! "u side ( ! h9d-w+ has = its gr\nd col\r a delightful tawny gre54 ,b ! ma9 attraction is ! lovely r[s ( pe>l spots ornam5t+ ! "u side 7,plate ,x41 ,fig4 #a72 & !re are f\r ( ^! r[s4 ,"o1 & x is p]haps ! f9e/1 runs r\nd ne> ! out] m>g91 & consi/s ( n9e gems2 ! next1 a little ne>] ! body1 has eight1 & is slightly irregul>2 ! next r[ has only ?ree1 r widely ap>t2 & ! f\r?1 & la/1 has also ?ree v small ones q ne> ! base ( ! w+4 ,! "u sides ( ! =e-w+s h also _! pe>l spots4 ,ne> ! out] m>g9 y w f9d a r[ ) eight ( !m1 beg9n+ boldly ne> ! tip2 !y gradually fade until ! la/ ( ! r[ is b>ely visible4 ,on "s male specim5s !re are two silv]y spots also ne> ! tip1 b on o!r specim5s ^! are abs5t4 ,! "u side ( ! =e-w+ has v little gre5 to %[2 ! tip ( ! w+ is j t9t$1 & ?is t9t is c>ri$ along ! co/al m>g94 ,i h describ$ ! "u side 9 "s detail1 z ,i h se5 x describ$ z hav+ only ?ree r[s ( spots on ! h9d-w+1 & no pe>l spots at all on ! =e-w+2 & = ano!r reason1 ,i want y always to confirm y\r captures by a good textbook1 z by s do+ y w le>n "s valuable lessons 9 comp>ison & obs]vation1 & 9 not+ details2 & also x w enable y1 p]haps1 to add "s f9e v>iations to y\r collection4 ,! cat]pill> lives on v>i\s species ( wild ,viola1 & may be f\nd on !m 9 ! e>ly summ]1 b z ! butt]fly has a wide range ( di/ribution1 season & locality make x v>y a good deal 9 ! "t ( its appe>ance4 ,x has be5 f\nd f ! ,nor? ( ,scotl& to ! ,s\? ( ,engl&4 ,july is ! mon? to look = x4 ,i always f9d x m abundant ne> ! coa/4 ,x is a bold fly+ species1 & (t5 difficult to capture2 b 9 good settl$ wea!r ,i h tak5 x frequ5tly at re/ on ?i/le-tops at sund[n4 ,,! ,,high ,,br[n ,,fritill>y 7,argynnis ,adippe71 ,plate ,,iv41 ,fig4 #e4--;,9 ?is & ! =ego+ we h aga9 two species v easy to conf\nd1 & all ! m s :5 we note t /able *>act]s are some:at h>d to f9d on ! upp] surface ( ! w+s--9 g5]al ! gr\nd col\r 9 ,adippe is ri*] & d>k]1 & ! out] m>g9 ( ! =e-w+ is n s r\nd$ z 9 ,aglaia1 be+ ei!r /raight or v slightly concave4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! second r[ ( spots1 :i* runs r\nd ne> ! out] m>g9 ( bo? w+s1 is diff]5t 9 ! two species1 b !y are v incon/ant & ev5 v>y 9 ! sexes2 s ! "u side mu/ be aga9 consult$ 7,plate ,x41 ,fig4 #b74 ,& "h we h an unfail+ te/4 ,9 ,adippe1 on ! "u side ( ! h9d-w+ ne> ! out] m>g91 !re is a r[ ( d>k r$ spots l9$ int]nally ) black1 & 9 ! c5tre !re is a small pe>l spot4 ,^! eyelike spots are nev] pres5t 9 ,aglaia4 ,! g5]al gre5 t9t1 too1 ( ,aglaia is abs5t 9 ,adippe4 ,! silv]y spots on ! "u side ( ! =e-w+ ( ,aglaia are r>ely to be se5 9 ?is species4 ,9 "s females ( ,adippe ?ree %ad[y spots are visible ne> ! tip4 ,i h nev] se5 ^! on a male2 s we h x t1 9 ! great majority ( specim5s ( ,adippe1 ! "u side ( ! =e-w+ is devoid ( silv]y spots4 ,:ile ,adippe may be fairly common 9 ! ,s\?1 x is by no means s widely di/ribut$1 nor does x range s f> nor? z ,aglaia4 ,9 ,scotl& x is unkn[n4 ,! cat]pill> is d>k grey1 ) a :iti% l9e along ! back1 & is cov]$ ) ru/-r$ sp9es4 ,x fe$s on ,viola4 ,! butt]fly appe>s 9 ,july4 ,,! ,,silv]-,,wa%$ ,,fritill>y 7,argynnis ,paphia71 ,plate ,,iv41 ,fig4 #c4--,?is is ! l>ge/ ( our native ,fritill>ies1 & is easily di/+ui%$ f ! o!rs by an entire abs5ce ( ! silv]y spots s *>act]i/ic ( ?is g5us4 ,! upp] surface ( ! male is ( a w>m1 orange-br[n1 /reak$ & dott$ ) black on bo? w+s2 ! "u side ( ! =e-w+ is mu* light]1 ! spots on x are small]1 & ! tip is m>k$ ) olive2 ! h9d-w+ "u side be>s a f9e comb9ation ( pale olive ) fa9t lav5d] & silv] /reaks1 :ile its out] m>g9 is di/9ctly scallop$4 ,! female is q diff]5t4 ,9 x ! gr\nd col\r ( ! upp] side ( ! =e-w+s is mu* pal]1 & ! black /reaks along ! ve9s are abs5t4 ,! h9d-w+s h ! same pale t9t1 b ) a m decid$ t+e ( olive1 :ile ! "u sides ( bo? w+s1 & especially ( ! h9d ones1 are pale olive gre51 & ! scallop+ r\nd ! out] m>g9 ( bo? w+s is m pron\nc$4 ,9 ! female v>iety ,vales9a1 ! upp] surface has a d>k olive gr\nd %ad+ out t[>ds ! tip ( ! =e-w+s4 ,?is1 ) ! black spots ly+ on x1 gives ! butt]fly q a black appe>ance at a little di/ance4 ,?is v>iation is mo/ly f\nd 9 ! ,new ,=e/4 ,! butt]fly is common 9 _m di/ricts ( ,engl&1 b is r>e 9 ,scotl&4 ,! cat]pill> is cov]$ ) long sp9es1 ne>ly black1 & has a pale l9e along ! back & sides2 x fe$s on ,dog ,violet & ,wild ,raspb]ry4 ,! *rysalis is r /\t1 hangs by ! tail1 & is greyi%1 ) %9+ po9ts4 ,! p]fect insect is out 9 ,july & ,augu/4 ,,! ,,greasy ,,fritill>y 7,melita aur9ia71 ,plate ,,iv41 ,fig4 #i4--,?is may n seem a pretty or poetical "n = a butt]fly4 ,beauty1 poetry1 & ! fitness ( ?+s1 might h sugge/$ a m appropriate title2 b1 z ,dick5s has said1 ! wisdom ( our ance/ors is n to be di/urb$ by unhall[$ h&s1 & z ! te*nical "n is 9 ?is in/ance "s comp5sation1 we may h to let x g at t4 ,greasy ! butt]fly is n1 b only looks z if x 71 :5 slightly worn2 &1 ow+ to "s peculi>ity 9 ! arrangem5t ( its scales1 ?is slight we>+ is v soon accompli%$4 ,happily x is n a difficult insect to re>1 & f9e specim5s )\t a suspicion ( greas9ess 9 _! appe>ance c ?us be _h = ! cab9et4 ,?is butt]fly is q di/9ct f any o!r ,briti% ,fritill>y1 inasmu* z x has two v di/9ct gr\nd col\rs on ! upp] side ( its w+s1 a ri* orange-br[n & a pale o*re\s yell[4 ,! b&s ( ?is latt] %ade are bord]$ ) d>k br[n2 a ref]5ce to ! col\r$ figure w %[ h[ ^! col\rs are dispos$4 ,x is a r v>iable species1 & is widely di/ribut$4 ,x is f\nd 9 gl5s & damp mead[s & is g5]ally abundant :]e f\nd1 ?\gh local4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #i4 #a4 ,m>bl$ ,:ite #b4 ,m\nta9 ,r+let #c4 ,scot* ,argus #d4 ,speckl$ ,wood #e4 ,wall ,br[n #f4 ,grayl+ 7,male7 #g4 ,mead[ ,br[n 7,female7 #h4 ,small ,mead[ ,br[n #i4 ,r+let #aj4 ,m>% ,r+let ,! cat]pill> is black1 ) a greyi% l9e along ! sides1 & a small :ite dot above ?is betwe5 ea* segm5t4 ,! *rysalis is a%51 ) r$ & black spots2 x is r dumpy1 & may be f\nd on v>i\s l[ plants e>ly 9 ! summ]1 & aga91 9 "s s\!rn localities1 9 ! autumn4 ,l ne>ly all ! ,fritill>ies ! l>v hib]nate :ile v small1 s x is be/ to leave !m 9 _! natural /ate until fairly well f$4 ,n>r[-leav$ ,planta91 ,scabi\s1 &1 "s obs]v]s say1 ,foxglove & ,spe$well1 are its fav\rite foods4 ,! times ( flight are ,may & ,augu/4 ,9 _m ,scot* localities1 ,argyll%ire1 ,ayr%ire1 etc41 ?is species is abundant4 ,,! ,,glanville ,,fritill>y 7,melita ,c9xia71 ,plate ,v41 ,fig4 #a4--,?is little butt]fly is "o ( ! ?reat5$ species4 ,if due c>e & discretion be n ex]cis$1 !re is a possibility ( its becom+ ext9ct 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,?reat5$ p live long1 b x 7 wise n to pu% our little fri5d too f>2 & wis] /ill if collectors :o live 9 or ne> its fav\rite haunts w\ld n only try to pres]ve x1 b also make "s attempt to spread its range into o!r localities app>5tly suitable = its propagation4 ,we h f> too few native butt]flies to run ! risk ( los+ any we h4 ,& z ! food-plant is ! ,ribb$ or ,n>r[-leav$ ,planta91 x foll[s t ev5 7 ?is species z abundant z its food w\ld w>rant1 x c\ld n possibly d any h>m to anyone1 ei!r g>d5] or f>m]4 ,! gr\nd col\r might be call$ ,fritill>y br[n1 reliev$ ) ! usual black b&s & spots2 ! h9d-w+s %[ a di/9ct r[ ( black spots on a light gr\nd runn+ r\nd ne> ! out] m>g94 ,b ! "u side 7,plate ,x41 ,fig4 #d7 is m /rik+ & unmi/akable1 especially t ( ! h9d-w+4 ,! fr+e itself is dott$ at int]vals ) black2 !n foll[s a l9e ( cresc5t spots on a cream-col\r$ gr\nd2 a fulv\s b& scallop$ ) a black outl9e trav]ses ! w+1 & on ?is b& are d>k spots edg$ ) r$4 ,!n !re is a cream b& ) black spots1 & a brok5-up b& ( fulv\s spots edg$ ) black4 ,!re is cream aga9 next ! body1 ) a few m black spots4 ,! "u side ( ! upp] w+ is a light orange-br[n1 & cream t[>ds ! tip1 & be>s a few black spots4 ,! cat]pill> is black1 ) d>k r$ betwe5 ! segm5ts2 head & pro-legs r$2 sp9es %ort1 cr[d$1 black4 ,! *rysalis is /\t1 yell[i%-grey1 dott$ ) black1 & is sometimes enclos$ 9 a loose web4 ,! *rysalids ,i h re>$ always adopt$ ?is mode ( concealm5t & protection4 ,i h also be5 mu* impress$ ) ! /rong resemblance ( ! cat]pill> to ! fl[]-heads ( ! ,n>r[-leav$ ,planta91 among/ :i* x lives4 ,! ,isle ( ,wight appe>s to be ! headqu>t]s ( ! species1 & x is f\nd 9 a few o!r localities on ! ma9l&4 ,x appe>s 9 ,may & ,june4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aj #a4 ,d>k ,gre5 ,fritill>y 7"u side7 #b4 ,high ,br[n ,fritill>y 7"u side7 #c4 ,small ,pe>l ,bord]$ ,fritill>y 7"u side7 #d4 ,glanville ,fritill>y 7"u side7 #e4 ,pe>l ,bord]$ ,fritill>y 7"u side7 #f4 ,hea? ,fritill>y 7"u side7 ,,! ,,hea? ,,fritill>y 7,melita ,a?alia71 ,plate ,v41 ,fig4 #b4--,!re is m black1 or d>k br[n1 on ! upp] surface ( ?is species1 h5ce ! insect looks d>k] 9 g5]al aspect ?an any ( ! =ego+ ,fritill>ies4 ,! "u side1 too 7,plate ,x41 ,fig4 #f71 is m>k$ v l ,c9xia1 b ! light b&s on ! h9d-w+s are m ( a yell[ t9t1 & ! l9e ( black spots ?r\gh ! c5tral b& are want+2 ! ve9s are also m prom95t & black4 ,altoge!r x is n difficult1 on comp>+ ! two "u sides1 to at once di/+ui% !m4 ,x is also a r local species1 be+ conf9$ to ! ,s\? ( ,engl& & ,irel&4 ,bo? cat]pill> & *rysalis are v l ^? ( ! la/ species2 ! sp9es1 h[ev]1 are ru/-col\r$4 ,x fe$s on ,planta94 ,! p]fect insect is out f ,may to ,july4 ,,! ,,comma ,,butt]fly 7,vanessa c-,album71 ,plate ,v41 ,fig4 #c4--,! tatt]demalion ( ! family1 x looks1 inde$1 z if "s hungry cat]pill>s _h be5 d9+ on its w+s1 & _h be5 sc>$ away 9 ! middle ( ! fea/1 leav+ all sorts ( rags & tatt]s to atte/ _! visit4 ,! co/al m>g9 is ! only l9e left entire2 all ! o!rs are deeply scallop$ & ind5t$4 ,two tails =m ! longe/ projections f ! middle ( ! out] edge ( ! h9d-w+s4 ,! gr\nd col\r is a uni=m ru/y r$1 v>i$ ) black spots arrang$ 9 ! same ord] z 9 o!r species ( ?is g5us4 ,!re is a d>k bord] r\nd ! out] m>g9 ( bo? w+s4 ,! "u side is /rik+ly diff]5t f ! upp]1 & looks extraord9>ily l a dry1 )]$ leaf1 ! m s on acc\nt ( its ragg$ outl9e4 ,9 ! middle ( ! h9d-w+ is a v cle> comma-%ap$ m>k2 f ?is ! insect takes its "n4 ,! cat]pill> is yell[i% on ! back = ! fir/ five segm5ts1 !n :ite to ! tail2 "u side br[n4 ,! sp9es are %ort] ?an 9 o!rs ( ?is gr\p4 ,x fe$s on ,hop1 ,elm1 ,gooseb]ry1 ,nettle1 ,will[1 & ,sloe4 ,! *rysalis is br[n1 ) gilt po9ts4 ,! butt]fly appe>s 9 ,july & is r local1 be+ f\nd mo/ly 9 ! ,midl&s & ,wales4 ,x has be5 record$ = ,scotl&1 b n ( late ye>s4 ,,! ,,l>ge ,,tortoise%ell ,,butt]fly 7,vanessa ,poly*loros71 ,plate ,v41 ,fig4 #e4--,! gr\nd col\r ( ?is h&some species is a tawny yell[1 m>k$ ) ?ree l>ge black pat*es along ! co/a ( ! =e-w+2 betwe5 ^! pat*es ! col\r is some:at light]4 ,!re are f\r o!r black spots occupy+ ! c5tre ( ! w+1 :i* also has a black bord] dott$ ) br[n2 h9d-w+ tawny1 ) "o black pat* on ! upp] m>g91 b n ext5d+ inw>d to ! body z a simil> spot does 9 ! next species 7,urtic74 ,! d>k bord] is cont9u$ along ?is w+1 & is /udd$ ) blue spots edg$ ) a pal] l9e4 ,?is species might be confus$ by ! novice ) ! next1 b n if ! two 7 toge!r = comp>ison2 !n ! po9ts 9 :i* !y diff] are se5 to be di/9ct & p]man5t4 ,9 ,urtic ! light gr\nd betwe5 ! co/al blot*es is yell[ & ! out] spot blue-:ite2 !re are only ?ree black spots 9 ! c5tre ( ! w+1 ! l>ge/ "o be+ cont9u$ d[n to ! m>g91 :i* is n ! case ) ! correspond+ spot 9 ,poly*loros4 ,on ! h9d-w+ ! black pat* cont9ues d[nw>d t[>ds ! bottom angle & inw>ds to ! body1 :]eas ?is spot nei!r goes 9 nor d[n 9 ,poly*loros4 ,la/ly1 ! gr\nd col\r 9 ,urtic is ( a bright r$1 almo/ a sc>let1 ) ! blue spots ext5d+ into bo? w+s4 ,! cat]pill> ( ,poly*loros is br[n1 sp9y1 & /rip$ along ! back & sides2 x fe$s on ,elm1 ,will[1 & ,*]ry1 dur+ ! summ] mon?s4 ,! butt]fly appe>s 9 ,augu/4 ,x is by no means s common ) u z its small] & gay] c\s91 be+ conf9$ mo/ly to ! ,s\? ( ,engl&4 ,!re are occasional records = ,scotl&2 ,i 0 pres5t :5 a specim5 0 captur$ by a fri5d on ! coa/ ( ,argyll%ire 9 ! ye> #ahhg4 ,,! ,,small ,,tortoise%ell ,,butt]fly 7,vanessa ,urtic71 ,plate ,v41 ,fig4 #d4--;,among ! _m puzzl+ problems t naturali/s h to solve1 few pres5t great] attractions ?an ^? relat+ to ! migration & hib]nation ( animals4 ,! birds h long claim$ ! att5tion ( orni?ologi/s 9 ?is respect1 b ! insects h 9 a great measure be5 neglect$4 ,h[ev]1 !re are signs ( a revival4 ,migratory & hib]nat+ butt]flies are well en\gh repres5t$ 9 ! ,briti% li/ to supply mat]ial = mu* pati5t & useful rese>*4 ,! facts ab\t !m are n all kn[n--n by any means4 ,we "k1 or fancy we d1 t ! dom9at+ factor 9 bo? cases is ! food-supply1 b t !re are o!r & important elem5ts to be consid]$ is beyond dispute4 ,! ,small ,tortoise%ell is a hib]nat+ species1 b :y does x n deposit its eggs 9 ! autumn1 & g ! way ( all fle% & butt]flies8 ,c\ld x n evolve a me?od ( secur+ its eggs s t ! "y cat]pill>s might h a fair *ance ( survival :5 u%]$ into ! _w8 ,or has x f\nd x easi] & saf] to take c>e ( ^! eggs itself dur+ ! long w9t] mon?s1 & !n1 :5 return+ spr+ once m br+s ! ,nettle-%oots above gr\nd1 laun* =? ^u ! w+ once m1 to seek & to f9d a home & a l>d] = its num]\s *ildr5 to be8 ,:at w\ld be ! fate ( ^! eggs if laid 9 ! autumn8 ,:o c tell8 ,v>i\s enemies & ag5cies w\ld be con/antly at "w seek+ to de/roy !m4 ,! ,nettles h all di$ d[n & left h>dly a trace beh9d4 ,& :at ! ra9 & w9d _h n scatt]$ f> & wide1 ! ants & beetles w\ld acc\nt =4 ,! ,small ,tortoise%ell is p]haps ! be/ kn[n ( all our col\r$ butt]flies1 occurr+1 z x does1 all ov] ! c\ntry f ,l&'s ,end to ,john o' ,groats4 ,x is v l ! la/ species1 ?\gh small] & bright]2 b z ,i po9t$ out ! v>i\s di/+ui%+ m>ks 9 describ+ ,poly*loros1 ,i ne$ n g into !m aga94 ,! cat]pill>s fe$ 9 companies :5 "y1 spread+ !mselves ov] ! ,nettles z !y gr[ old]4 ,!y are black on ! back ) a *eck]$ d\ble l9e along ! sides2 across ea* segm5t is a r[ ( bran*$ sp9es ) num]\s small simple hairs betwe54 ,! *rysalis hangs by ! tail2 x is grey-br[n1 ) gilt po9ts4 ,! eggs are laid 9 ,may1 & ! butt]fly appe>s t[>ds ! end ( ,june1 & cont9ues m or less abundant until ,octob]1 :5 ! females retire to "s safe corn] 9 old walls or ou?\ses1 !re to await ! pass+ ( ! w9t]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aa #a4 ,l>va ( ,l>ge ,g>d5 ,:ite #b4 ,pupa ( ,l>ge ,g>d5 ,:ite #c4 ,i*neumon ,cocoons #d4 ,dipt]\s ,p>asite ( ,l>ge ,g4 ,:ite #e4 ,i*neumon ,flies hat*$ f #c #f4 ,pupa ( ,small ,tortoise%ell #g4 ,l>va ( ,small ,tortoise%ell #h4 ,l>va & ,pupa ( ,glanville ,fritill>y #i4 ,l>va ( ,greasy ,fritill>y ,,! ,,peacock ,,butt]fly 7,vanessa ,io71 ,plate ,v41 ,fig4 #g4--,?is beautiful species is too well kn[n1 & too di/9ct 9 its col\r & patt]n to require any writt5 description4 ,few butt]flies possess a "n :i* s aptly describes !m1 & to make a mi/ake 9 its id5tification is h>dly possible4 ,all its ef=ts seem to h be5 exsp5d$ on ! ornam5tation ( ! upp] surface1 = ! "u side has h>dly an attractive note4 ,d>k & sombre ?\gh x be1 x is well adapt$ = concealm5t dur+ its p]iod ( hib]nation4 ,! cat]pill> is black1 ) b&s ( :ite dots r\nd ea* segm5t1 & ! sp9es are l>g] ?an 9 ! ,small ,tortoise%ell4 ,x fe$s 9 bat*es on ,nettles1 f ,june to ,augu/4 ,! *rysalis incl9es to gre5 & has burni%$ spots4 ,?is species is common 9 ,engl&1 & is occasionally met ) 9 ! ,s\? & ,we/ ( ,scotl&4 ,,! ,,camb]well ,,beauty 7,vanessa ,antiopa71 ,plate ,v41 ,fig4 #f4--,:y does n ?is h&some butt]fly settle d[n among/ u1 increase & multiply1 & ?us swell ! little b& ( real natives :o gladd5 ! eye ( ! entomologi/ on 8 c\ntry rambles8 ,x is a common insect ov] mo/ ( ! ,cont95t1 & mo/ abundant 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 well up into ,canada1 :]e ! w9t] is extremely sev]e4 ,we h ! food-plant 9 abundance1 yet x is que/ionable if ev] ! ,camb]well ,beauty has be5 f\nd 9 any b ! w+$ /ate 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,records !re are ( its capture ye> aft] ye>1 b !re nev] seems to be prog5y left by ^! occasional visitors4 ,! w+s are a d>k *ocolate-br[n1 bord]$ ) creamy :ite4 ,betwe5 ! br[n & ! :ite is a broad black b& /udd$ ) blue spots2 !re are also two :ite spots on ! co/al m>g9 ne> ! tip ( ! =e-w+4 ,x measures f #b-a_/b to #c-a_/b in*es 9 expanse1 ,nor? ,am]ican specim5s be+ ! l>ge/4 ,! cat]pill> is black1 ) :ite dots1 & has a r[ ( r$ spots along ! back4 ,! pro-legs are also r$1 sp9es black4 ,x fe$s on ! ,will[4 ,! *rysalis is br[n1 ) d>k] spots2 its abdom9al po9ts are %>p & angul>4 ,s+le specim5s ( ?is species occur 9 mo/ seasons f ,augu/ to ,octob]1 g5]ally 9 ! ,s\?1 b x has be5 record$ = ,scotl& on sev]al occasions4 ,,! ,,r$ ,,admiral 7,vanessa ,atalanta71 ,plate ,,viii41 ,fig4 #a4--;,he mu/ h be5 a poet :o fir/ conceiv$ s appropriate a "n = ?is gallant rov]4 ,possibly he 0 liv+ long ago-- ,:5 ,britons truly rul$ ! waves1 ,9 good ,que5 ,bess's glori\s days1 or lat]1 :5 ,nelson's old wood5 walls spread _! belly+ sails to cat* ! breeze4 ,^? 7 days ( romance4 ,fancy ! ,admiral ( a sup]-,dreadn\ght--t big1 black abortion ( coal & iron--be+ associat$ ) a butt]fly6 ,we w\ld r pe] into ! future & elect our a]ial comm&] ! ,r$ ,admiral ( a fleet ( graceful a]oplanes4 ,?is w\ld c]ta9ly be m appropriate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ab4 #a4 ,small ,hea? #b4 ,gre5 ,hair/reak #c4 ,purple ,hair/reak 7,female7 #d4 ,:ite-lett] ,hair/reak #e4 ,black ,hair/reak #f4 ,br[n ,hair/reak 7,female7 #g4 ,l>ge ,copp] 7,male7 #h4 ,small ,copp] #i4 ,long-tail$ ,blue #aj4 ,silv]-/udd$ ,blue 7,male7 #aa4 ,br[n ,argus #ab4 ,common ,blue 7,male7 ,! col\rs ( ?is butt]fly on ! upp] surface are s+ul>ly bold1 /rik+1 &1 )al1 simple4 ,!y furni% a good te/ ( col\r discrim9ation4 ,i h he>d !m spok5 ( z jet black1 int5se black1 or velvety black4 ,if y take a specim5 into a good light1 y w see t ! :ole area enclos$ by ! sc>let b&s is a deep c(fee-br[n1 :ile outside ! b&1 on ! =e-w+1 ! col\r is black spla%$ ) :ite1 & !re is a blue /reak ne> ! out] m>g94 ,! "u side is a m>vel ( beauty too complex & wond]ful = cold pr9t4 ,common ?\gh ?is insect is all ov] our isl& f ,augu/ to *ill ,octob]1 :o c say t he has discov]$ 8 retreat & hid+-place f ! /orms & fro/s ( w9t]8 ,inde$1 !re are ^? :o boldly ass]t t ! ,r$ ,admiral does n hib]nate ) u at all1 &1 consequ5tly1 we are indebt$ ea* ye> = our supply to spr+ visitors f ! ,cont95t1 :i* may be ! reason :y 9 "s ye>s x is m abundant ?an 9 o!rs4 ,! cat]pill> is a p[d]y yell[-grey 9 col\r1 sometimes incl9+ almo/ to black2 a l9e ( :ite spots appe>s on ea* side2 !re are "s d>k] m>k+s along ! back1 & a r[ ( bran*$ sp9es light 9 col\r crosses ! middle ( ea* segm5t4 ,y w g5]ally f9d x hid+ )9 a curl$ ,nettle-leaf dur+ ! day4 ,! *rysalis is grey1 ) a few %9+ po9ts4 ,,! ,,pa9t$ ,,lady 7,vanessa c>dui71 ,plate ,,viii41 ,fig4 #b1 is q a suitable companion = a ,r$ ,admiral1 & !y are (t5 se5 9 company1 al?\gh c>dui is ! e>li] on ! w+ by at lea/ a =tnight1 & (t5 a mon?4 ,! gr\nd col\r ( ! upp] surface is a rosy orange1 v>i$ ) black & br[n m>k+s1 :ile ! :ite spots ne> ! tip ( ! =e-w+ are almo/ simil> to ^? ( ! ,r$ ,admiral4 ,"h1 too1 ! "u side is an exquisite bit ( pa9t+4 ,x rem9ds "o ( a fro/$ w9d[ done 9 h>moni\s second>y col\rs4 ,no d\bt ?is subtle patt]n mu/ be protective1 = y w notice t :5 ! insect is at re/ ) ! w+s %ut1 ! bright portion ( ! "u side ( ! =e-w+ is conceal$4 ,?is is decid$ly a migratory species1 & x is an op5 "q :e!r x hib]nates 9 ,brita94 ,9 ,scotl& we nev] see x until ! autumn1 & occasionally x arrives 9 fair numb]s4 ,we _h "o extraord9>y sw>m ab\t ! ye> #ahhj2 ,i rememb] be+ on holiday at ! "t on ! ,isl& ( ,cumbrae1 9 ! ,fir? ( ,clyde4 ,c>dui 0 ev]y:]e1 & ev5 fight+ = possession ( ! ,?i/le-tops4 ,9 #aiaa ,i _h to be cont5t ) ! sight ( two specim5s 9 ,arran1 b ,i he>d ( sev]al m4 ,l ! o!r ,vanessa cat]pill>s1 ! l>va ( ?is species is ?orny1 br[n1 & be>s l9es & spots ( yell[4 ,x may be f\nd on ,?i/les & ,nettles 9 ,may & ,june4 ,! *rysalis is l t ( ,atalanta 9 col\r1 b h>dly s /\t4 ,,! ,,:ite ,,admiral 7,lim5itis ,sibylla71 ,plate ,,viii41 ,fig4 #d4--,?is butt]fly is almo/ black on ! upp] surface1 reliev$ by :ite b>s & spots1 & !re is a r[ ( d5se black spots ne> ! out] m>g9 ( ! h9d-w+s4 ,^! :ite m>ks are c>ri$ ?r\gh ! w+s to ! "u side1 b ! gr\nd !re is =m$ ( v>i\s %ades ( br[n1 ) "s black dots & p5cill+s--:ile on ! "u surface ( ! body1 & spread+ out f x on to ! w+s1 is a consid]able region ( a light sky-blue t9t1 v pleas+ to ! eye4 ,! cat]pill> fe$s on ,honeysuckle1 & is a lively gre52 ! sp9es are r$di%1 ^? on ! ?ird1 f\r?1 & six? segm5ts be+ l>g] ?an ! o!rs4 ,!re is also a :ite l9e bord]$ ) br[n along ea* side4 ,! head is also r$1 ) two l9es ( :ite d[n ! face4 ,! *rysalis is d>k gre51 ) silv]y dots & l9es1 & be>s grotesquely swoll5 lumps4 ,?is is a butt]fly t ,i am afraid is becom+ sc>c] ye> by ye>2 x is conf9$ to ! ,s\?4 ,x is out 9 ,july4 ,,! ,,purple ,,emp]or 7,apatura ,iris71 ,plate ,,viii41 ,fig4 #e1 is und\bt$ly ! k+ ( ! =e/ glade4 ,we>+ ! regal purple1 he looks d[n ^u ! _w f 8 l(ty ?rone on ! top ( "s lordly oak4 ,someh[ ! build ( ?is f9e insect :5 se5 9 ! h& _c fail to impress ! behold] ) a s5se ( muscul> p[]4 ,! ?orax is long1 broad1 & deep--m s ?an 9 any o!r ,briti% butt]fly--& ! abdom51 head1 & ant5n are 9 l proportion4 ,! w+s are ample & 9 %ape sm>t & s]viceable4 ,no loose scales or fluffy hairs s(t5 ! firm compactness ( 8 :ole be>+4 ,d>k br[n & purple alt]nate ) ! *ang+ light all ov] ! upp] surface2 a da% or two ( r$1 & "o eye-spot on ! bottom angle ( ! h9d-w+1 ) a b> & a few spots ( :ite1 are ! ma9 additions to ! *ang+ hues ( ! purple4 ,! "u side has a d>+ lightn+ fla% ( blue-:ite on a br[n & olive gr\nd on ! h9d-w+4 ,! =e-w+ 7"u side7 has v>i\s spots ( black & :ite on a d>k] gr\nd1 :ile !re is also "o eye-spot ne> ! out] angle4 ,he is said to h a fondness = c>rion1 & ?is que] ta/e is sometimes 8 undo+1 z he is m readily captur$ :5 indulg+ 8 appetite ?an :5 so>+ r\nd ! cr[n ( "s l(ty oak4 ,b x is bett] /ill to seek = ! cat]pill>s4 ,^! may be f\nd on l[ ,sall[s or ,popl>s4 ,!y are gre51 du/$ ) :ite1 & h oblique da%es ( yell[ on ! sides2 !y tap] consid]ably t[>ds ! tail1 :ile ! head is adorn$ ) a pair ( horns4 ,! *rysalis is simil>ly col\r$ :ile alive1 b :5 its inhabitant is gone ! col\r vani%es ) x1 & all t rema9s looks l a little bit ( crumpl$ tissue pap]4 ,x may be f\nd susp5d$ to ! "u side ( a leaf ( ! food-plant4 ,! butt]fly is out 9 ,july 9 ! s\!rn c\nties1 & is (t5] se5 ?an captur$4 ,,! ,,m>bl$ ,,:ite ,,butt]fly 7,melan>gia ,gala!a71 ,plate ,,ix41 ,fig4 #a4--,we n[ come to a gr\p ( butt]flies 7! ,satyrid7 q ! rev]se 9 build & habits f ! ,emp]ors & ,admirals4 ,( m$ium or small size1 ?\gh ! w+s are ample1 ! body is small & ! muscul> p[] is nev] great2 h5ce !y are s(t & d[ny1 nev] fly f> at a /ret*1 & are1 al?\gh _m ( !m common1 v local 9 _! habits4 ,& ! ,m>bl$ ,:ite is no exception to ! gr\p4 ,8 "n may sugge/ some?+ h>d1 poli%$1 & durable1 yet he is any?+ b t4 ,i wond] :at 8 "n might h be5 _h he be5 common nor? ( ! ,twe$1 & n kn[n 9 ! ,s\?8 ,to ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 ,james ,hogg 7! ,ettrick ,%eph]d71 or ,pr(essor ,blackie1 ! simil>ity ( ! black & :ite w+s to ! *eck+ & s(t1 embrac+ folds ( _! own belov$ t>tan plaids w\ld at once h appeal$ to _! imag9ation1 & h5ce=? !y w\ld h allud$ to him z ! ,%eph]d's ,plaid butt]fly4 ,creamy-:ite1 ) grey & black *eck+1 & a few eye-spots on ! black b& ( ! h9d-w+s complete 8 simple s*eme ( col\r4 ,! "u side is some:at simil> to ! upp]4 ,al?\gh common en\gh :]e x is f\nd1 x is a v local & /ay-at-home butt]fly4 ,! cat]pill> is a grass-fe$]1 & is gre51 ) a r$ head & tail4 ,x tap]s consid]ably t[>ds bo? extremities4 ,!y are v small :5 !y hib]nate4 ,! butt]fly is out 9 ,july & ,augu/4 ,,! ,,m\nta9 ,,r+let ,,butt]fly 7,erebia ,epiphron71 ,plate ,,ix41 ,fig #b4--;,x is /range t ?is fragile little fell[ %\ld *oose ! r\gh m\nta9side = 8 home4 ,9 a boggy holl[ ( ,b5 ,lomond1 ne>ly #b1jjj feet above ! sea1 buri$ 9 sn[ almo/ ! :ole w9t] ?r\gh1 ,i "k a colony ( ?is butt]fly :i* lives & fl\ri%es "u ^! seem+ly impossible conditions4 ,d\btless x c\ld be f\nd on _m m ( our ,highl& hills4 ,! w+s are a d>k1 fulv\s br[n1 ) an incon/ant r$ b> ne> ! out] edge ( bo? w+s1 & on ?is ru/y b> are usually a few small eye-spots1 sometimes abs5t1 or r$uc$ to m]e specks4 ,! "u side is almo/ simil>4 ,x is a v easily damag$ little creature1 requir+ great c>e 9 h&l+1 & ,i may add t 9 cat*+ x is always advisable to c>efully select y\r specim5s on ! gr\nd1 z q a l>ge p]c5tage always appe> to be rubb$1 s soon d !y become unfit = ! cab9et ev5 9 ! height ( _! season1 :i* occurs dur+ ! fir/ =tnight ( ,july4 ,! cat]pill> is said to be gre51 & fe$s ^u v>i\s grasses4 ,x is also f\nd on ! m\nta9s ( ,cumb]l& & ,we/morl&4 ,,! ,,scot* ,,argus ,,butt]fly 7,erebia ?iops71 ,plate ,,ix41 ,fig4 #c4--,l all butt]flies1 ! ,scot* ,argus is se5 at its be/ 9 its native haunts4 ,y feel x has a subtle k9d ( association ) its surr\nd+s t defies def9ition4 ,see+ ?is species flirt+ ab\t 9 doz5s 9 a dell :]e ! air is heavily lad5 ) ! p]fume ( ,bog-myrtle & ,honeysuckle1 & :]e dragon-flies1 bees1 hov]-flies1 wasps1 & ants1 raise a dr[sy hum de> to ! e> ( ! entomologi/1 n to m5tion ! hordes ( blood?ir/y little midges1 t5ds to ! =mation ( a m5tal impression1 :i* we always associate ) ?is beautiful butt]fly4 ,x takes /range notions1 too1 at times4 ,i h f\nd x (t5 at home z describ$ above1 &1 aga91 ,i h come ^u x solit>y & alone on ! b>e hillside1 f> f ! madd+ colony among/ :i* x 0 born4 ,five su* w&]]s ,i once enc\nt]$ 9 a s+le day 9 ,augu/4 ,all 7 on ! move1 ei!r seek+ a lo/ home or lov]1 or possibly pa/ures new4 ,! bre$+ gr\nd is g5]ally "s %elt]$ glade or op5 corn] ( a wood4 ,! butt]fly is col\r$ a beautiful d>k1 velvety br[n1 ) a broad1 irregul> tawny r$ b& ne> ! out] m>g9 ( bo? =e- & h9d-w+s4 ,)9 ?is b& on ! =e-w+s are ?ree black spots1 ea* hav+ a t9y :ite spot 9 its c5tre1 & ! h9d-w+s h 9 mo/ cases a simil> adornm5t2 b z ^! spots are subject to great v>iation1 always aim at secur+ a good r[ = y\r cab9et 9 ord] to %[ z _m v>iations z y c f9d4 ,! "u sides ( ! sexes diff] f ea* o!r & are di/9ctive4 ,9 ! female ! "u side ( ! =e-w+ is m>k$ v mu* ! same z ! upp] side1 b ! :ole col\r s*eme is light]1 :ile ! h9d-w+s are a light] br[n1 ) a pale lav5d] b&1 di/9ctly iridesc5t & ) j a trace ( spots4 ,! male1 ?\gh ne>ly ! same 9 m>k+s1 is v mu* d>k]4 ,! cat]pill> is a grass-fe$]1 & is gre51 ) "s light] & d>k] /ripes4 ,x is v l ! grass x lives among/4 ,! eggs are laid 9 ! autumn1 & ! "y cat]pill>s hib]nate4 ,,! ,,speckl$ ,,wood ,,butt]fly 7,p>>ge g]ia71 ,plate ,,ix41 ,fig4 #d4--,!re mu/ be some?+ peculi> ab\t ?is butt]fly1 :i* always rem9ds me ( a snake2 x is curi\s h[ su* an idea gets into "o's head & /icks !re4 ,i h a lot ( pres]v$ home & =eign snakes1 & n a few ( !m are *eck]$ & m>k$ l ?is butt]fly's w+s2 "o l>ge sk9 ( a boa con/rictor be>s a rem>kable resemblance bo? 9 col\r & spots4 ,nature seems to delight 9 ^! eyelike m>k+s--y w f9d !m on ! tr\t1 ! peacock1 ! leop>d1 & on c]ta9 beetles1 fl[]s1 & birds' eggs4 ,:]ev] y f9d !m !y are always beautiful & int]e/+1 & h a c]ta9 protective use4 ,! ,speckl$ ,wood is m easily recogniz$ ?an describ$4 ,! upp] side is ( a dull br[n1 spott$ ) pale yell[1 or 7z 9 "s nor!rn specim5s ,i h tak57 ) :ite4 ,!re is "o eye-spot ne> ! tip ( ! =e-w+1 & a r[ ( ?ree1 sometimes f\r1 simil> spots 9 a subm>g9al r[ on ! h9d-w+s4 ,! "u side is ri*] & w>m] 9 col\r1 hav+ a purple t+e1 :ile ! eye-spots ( ! h9d-w+s are ne>ly obsolete1 b ! spot on ! =e-w+ is1 if any?+1 bright]4 ,x is a fairly common species1 & loves quiet1 %ady lanes on ! edge ( woodl&s4 ,9 ! ,s\? x is d\ble-brood$4 ,! female is l>g] & bright] ?an ! male4 ,! cat]pill> is a grass-fe$]1 & is gre51 ) light] /ripes4 ,! butt]fly is out f ,may to ,augu/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ac4 #a4 ,adonis ,blue 7,male7 #b4 ,*alk-hill ,blue 7,male7 #c4 ,little ,blue #d4 ,azure ,blue #e4 ,l>ge ,blue #f4 ,duke ( ,burgundy ,fritill>y #g4 ,grizzl$ ,skipp] #h4 ,d+y ,skipp] #i4 ,small ,skipp] #aj4 ,lulwor? ,skipp] #aa4 ,l>ge ,skipp] 7,female7 #ab4 ,pe>l ,skipp] 7,male7 #ac4 ,*eck]$ ,skipp] ,,! ,,wall ,,br[n ,,butt]fly 7,p>>ge megra71 ,plate ,,ix41 ,fig4 #e4--;,a r small] butt]fly ?an ! la/1 ) ! same numb] & arrangem5t ( ! eye-spots4 ,! gr\nd col\r is1 h[ev]1 a light tawny br[n1 ) d>k br[n m>k+s4 ,!re is a broad diagonal b> across ! =e-w+s ( ! male4 ,all ! w+s are bord]$ ) br[n4 ,! female has two zigzag l9es 9 place ( ! b>1 & consequ5tly has a light] appe>ance2 %e is usually a bit l>g] ?an h] mate4 ,! "u side ( ! h9d-w+s is a beautiful /udy 9 greys & br[ns1 ) ! da9ty little eye-spots d\ble r+$4 ,?is species is common on wa/e l&s & roadsides ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry2 x is local 9 ,scotl&1 b abundant :]e f\nd1 especially 9 ,ayr%ire4 ,!re are two broods only 9 ! ,s\?4 ,! cat]pill> is light gre51 ) l9es on ! back & sides1 & may be swept f grasses ) ! net 9 midsumm]4 ,! *rysalis is %ort & /\t1 & is f\nd susp5d$ by ! tail to a /rong grass /em4 ,! butt]fly loves to re/ on walls & /ones :i* h be5 w>m$ by ! sun2 h5ce ! "n ! ,wall ,br[n4 ,,! ,,grayl+ ,,butt]fly 7,satyrus ,semele71 ,plate ,,ix41 ,fig4 #f4--,?is f9e butt]fly is l>g] & bold] 9 flight ?an any o!r ( ?is gr\p 9 our c\ntry4 ,b y mu/ always rememb] t butt]flies love ! sun%9e1 & )\t its *e]+ pres5ce !y are all v dull fell[s inde$4 ,h5ce x is t a butt]fly may appe>1 & really is1 difficult to cat* on a bright1 w>m day2 yet x may fall an easy victim1 & give b indiff]5t sport on a dull "o4 ,! ,grayl+ has a /rong p>tiality = liv+ ne> ! sea1 & is f\nd all along ! we/ coa/ ( ,scotl&1 :e!r x be on a rock-b\nd %ore or 9 a s&y1 %elt]$ bay4 ,dur+ ,july & ,augu/ "o is pretty sure to enc\nt] ! ,grayl+ sport+ along j above high-wat] m>k1 &1 n infrequ5tly1 :ole colonies ( !m4 ,! li*5-cov]$ rocks above ! %ore are 8 fav\rite re/+-place1 & "h he c sit & bask 9 ! sun1 & once he has clos$ 8 w+s he may be said to h disappe>$1 s beautifully does ! "u side ( 8 w+s bl5d ) ! col\r ( ! surr\nd+ rocks4 ,he %[s a c]ta9 am\nt ( wisdom1 too1 at times1 = if y make a /roke at him ) a net & miss1 he is (f to sea1 flit-flitt+ j above ! wat]1 & mak+ a wide det\r be=e com+ back to l&4 ,! w+s are br[n1 ) an irregul> light tawny b&1 9 :i*1 on ! =e-w+1 are two eye-spots1 & on ! h9d-w+ only "o4 ,b ! f9e/ ornam5tation is on ! "u side ( ! h9d-w+s1 :i* be> a /rong resemblance to a granite rock speckl$ ) li*5s4 ,! cat]pill>1 ,i ?9k1 fe$s mo/ly at night1 z ,i h f\nd x dur+ ! day "u /ones 9 hilly di/ricts ne> ! sea4 ,x is v>iable 9 col\r--br[ni% to black1 ) a few light] l9es on ! back & sides1 & x has a dirty putty-col\r on ! "u side4 ,x fe$s on grass 9 ,may4 ,! butt]fly is out f ,july to ,septemb]4 ,x appe>s 9 ,augu/ 9 ,scotl&4 ,,! ,,mead[ ,,br[n ,,butt]fly 7,ep9ephele ,janira71 ,plate ,,ix41 ,fig4 #g4--,p]haps ?is is ! commone/ ( all our br[n butt]flies4 ,on roadside or hillside1 moor or mead[1 "o c h>dly fail to notice ?is homely br[n insect all ?r\gh ! summ] rambles4 ,! males are small] & d+i] ?an ! females4 ,!y h an obscure r$di% pat* on ! =e-w+ :i*1 ) an eye-spot1 relieves ! upp] surface ( d>k br[n4 ,! females are bright] & (t5 m v>iable1 ! fulv\s pat* on _! =e-w+s be+ l>ge & bright1 & ev5 ext5d+ into a b& on ! h9d-w+s4 ,!re is occasionally an inn] pat* ( suffus$ yell[ on ! c5tre ( ! =e-w+s2 ! "u side is a pal] br[n1 ) a decid$ b& ( grey-br[n on ! h9d-w+1 :i* is also slightly scallop$4 ,! cat]pill> is a delicate gre51 ) a :ite l9e on ei!r side1 & may be swept f moorl& grasses 9 ,may & ,june4 ,! *rysalis is %ort & dumpy2 pale pap]y grey1 r fragile1 & is hung up by ! tail to a grass-/em4 ,! butt]fly is out practically all ?r\gh ! summ]4 ,,! ,,small ,,mead[ ,,br[n 7,ep9ephele ,ti?onus71 ,plate ,,ix41 ,fig4 #h4--;,also a common species1 b does n s range f> nor?4 ,w+s1 a bright tawny r$ incl9+ to yell[1 bord]$ ) d>k br[n1 ) an indi/9ct diagonal b> across ! w+s 9 ! male4 ,!re is also a black spot ne> ! tip ( ! =e-w+s conta9+ two t9y :ite spots2 occasionally !re are two small eye-spots on ! h9d-w+s also4 ,! "u side ( ! h9d-w+ is %ad$ ) r$-br[n & pale o*re1 & be>s a few small :ite spots surr\nd$ by r$ r+s4 ,"u side ( ! upp] w+ is pale tawny yell[ ) out] edge d>k2 !re is a black spot at ! tip ) two :ite dots 9 x4 ,! cat]pill> v>ies f gre5 to grey-br[n2 !re is a d>k r$ l9e along ! back1 & two light l9es run along ea* side4 ,x is a grass-fe$]1 & pref]s a dri] situation ?an ! la/ species4 ,p]haps ?is is ! reason = x be+ f\nd 9 ,ayr%ire1 ! drie/ & s&ie/ c\nty 9 ,scotl&4 ,july & ,augu/ are ! butt]fly's mon?s4 ,,! ,,r+let ,,butt]fly 7,ep9ephele ,hyp]an?us71 ,plate ,,ix41 ,fig4 #i4--,?is is a common & n v attractive-look+ butt]fly4 ,its col\rs1 if x c be said to h any1 are d+y 9 ! extreme4 ,! upp] surface is a d>k sooty-br[n h>dly reliev$ by a few fa9t eye-spots1 :i* are v small & n always pres5t4 ,a dirty :ite fr+e completes ! upp] side4 ,! "u side af=ds "s comp5sation1 h[ev]1 = "h we h ! r+lets 9 "s v>iety--pale yell[ = ! out] r+1 :i* encloses black ) a :ite spot 9 ! c5tre4 ,!y are arrang$ ?ree on ! upp] w+ & five on ! l[]4 ,!y v>y 9 size1 z w be se5 f ! figure 7,plate ,,xiv41 ,fig4 #i74 ,x is n a v lively insect2 x frequ5ts dry pa/ure-fields 9 ,scotl&1 pref]r+ ^? bord]+ ! sea4 ,! cat]pill> is l ! la/ species1 b a gre5] grey2 x fe$s on grasses4 ,! butt]fly is out 9 ,july4 ,:5 y d happ5 ^u ?is species1 keep a %>p look\t = v>ieties1 z x has q a range ( well-kn[n sports2 ! v>iation is mo/ly on ! "u surface4 ,,! ,,m>% ,,r+let 7,cnonympha ,typhon71 ,plate ,,ix41 ,fig4 #aj4--,?is insect has to be s\ght = on ! swampy moorl&s & m\nta9s ( ! ,nor?4 ,x is ( a d+y fawn-col\r1 sometimes bright]1 (t5 z if x _h be5 held ov] ! fire & ,peat-reekit4 ,x is some:at rem>kable :at a numb] ( creatures inhabit+ ?is same region h gradually come to assume a simil> coloration4 ,_m ( ! ,highl& cattle on ^! moors h ?is dirty tawny-yell[ t9t2 ! de] & ! h>e f9d protection "u ! same guise4 ,! upp] surface ( ! ,m>% ,r+let is v>i$ ) a few eye-spots1 ?\gh ,i possess specim5s ) no spots at all1 :ile o!rs h f\r on ea* ( ! h9d-w+s & two on ea* ( ! =e-w+s4 ,! "u side is g5]ally bett] m>k$ by eyes1 six =m+ a r[ r\nd ! out] m>g9 ( ea* h9d-w+1 ( :i* ! fir/ & la/ are usually ! l>ge/2 =e-w+ "u side--two eye-spots1 ! "o ne>e/ ! tip be+ ! l>g]4 ,!re is also a light b> across ?is w+1 & ?is is cont9u$ on to ! h9d-w+1 :]e x broad5s out & is irregul> & (t5 int]rupt$4 ,! gr\nd col\r "h is a subdu$ gre5-grey1 gett+ light] t[>ds ! fr+e4 ,females h m ample & r\nd$ w+s ?an ! males4 ,i f9d ! mo/ com=table way to hunt ?is butt]fly is ) b>e feet & legs1 & ! tr\s]s well tuck$ up1 :i* w p]haps convey "s idea ( ! nature ( ! gr\nd x loves to flit ov]4 ,spla%1 spla% y g ov] ! ,sphagnum & ,cotton-grass1 ,hea!r & ,m>% ,wortleb]ry1 :ile ov]head ! e]ie cries ( ! curlew & ! lapw+ rem9d ! naturali/ t !re are _m "y families hidd5 among/ ! ,hea!r1 :o w rejoice :5 !y see ! la/ ( him & t fe>ful net ( 84 ,! cat]pill> is gre51 ) :ite l9es1 & fe$s on ,cotton-grass 9 ,may4 ,! butt]fly appe>s t[>ds ! end ( ,june4 ,,! ,,small ,,hea? ,,butt]fly 7,cnonympha ,pamphilus71 ,plate ,,xii41 ,fig4 #a4--,?is c be be/ describ$ z a small] & bright] edition ( ,typhon2 occasionally a l>ge specim5 may ev5 be mi/ak5 = a small ,typhon1 b y c always tell ! small] species by ! pres5ce ( only "o eye-spot on ! tip ( ! =e-w+1 & no eye-spots any:]e else4 ,its habits1 too1 are diff]5t1 pref]r+1 z x does1 a mu* dri] & m pa/oral c\ntry to sport ov]4 ,& its range is also wid]1 be+ f\nd all ov] ! c\ntry f ,june till ,septemb]4 ,! cat]pill> is gre5 & a grass-fe$]4 ,i h swept x f grass 9 ,augu/4 ,,! ,,br[n ,,hair/reak 7,!cla betul71 ,plate ,,xii41 ,fig4 #f4--,!re are five ,briti% species includ$ 9 ! v di/9ct gr\p ( int]e/+ little butt]flies1 to :i* ?is species belongs4 ,all ( !m are ne>ly black on ! upp] surface1 b ! und]sides are exce$+ly *a/e 9 patt]n1 if n %[y 9 col\r4 ,! ,br[n ,hair/reak is ! l>ge/ ( ! five4 ,! male is a d>k br[n reliev$ by a light] spot edg$ ) black on ! =e-w+1 & ! bottom angle ( ! h9d-w+ & ! little tails are orange4 ,! female has an orange b> across ! =e-w+4 ,! "u side 7,plate ,,xiv41 ,fig4 #g7 is a tawny orange incl9+ to deep orange at ! m>g9s2 a d\ble :ite irregul> l9e edg$ ) black runs across ! h9d-w+s1 & betwe5 ^! l9es ! tawny %ade is d>k]2 ! fr+e is :ite4 ,! cat]pill> is gre51 m>k$ ) diagonal yell[ l9es & tap]s consid]ably t[>ds ea* extremity4 ,x fe$s on ,bir* & ,black?orn4 ,?\gh by no means a common insect1 x is f\nd 9 a great _m localities f ,nor? to ,s\? ( ,engl&1 b n 9 ,scotl&4 ,! butt]fly is out 9 ,augu/4 ,,! ,,:ite-,,lett] ,,hair/reak 7,!cla w-album71 ,plate ,,xii41 ,fig4 #d4--;,a small] &1 on ! upp] surface1 a black] insect ?an ! la/4 ,except+ = a small indi/9ct spot 9 ! c5tre1 & ne> ! out] m>g9 ( ! =e-w+1 ! upp] surface is devoid ( m>k+s ( any k9d4 ,! "u side1 h[ev]1 provides all ! di/9ctive features necess>y = id5tification4 ,! col\r is a cool br[n-grey1 ! =e-w+ be+ trav]s$ by a :ite l9e2 ! h9d-w+ has a simil> :ite l9e1 :i* =ms a ,w at ! basal angle2 "u x is a broad orange scallop$ b&1 edg$ ) black & :ite2 ! extreme out] edge is black1 & ?is black edg+ scallops into ! orange b&4 ,tail black4 ,! cat]pill> fe$s on ,elm2 is pale gre51 ) yell[ b>s & two r[s ( :iti% humps along ! back4 ,x may be got by beat+ ! ,elm 9 e>ly summ]4 ,! ,butt]fly appe>s 9 ,july1 b is f> f common1 ,york be+ ab\t its nor!rn limit4 ,,! ,,black ,,hair/reak 7,!cla pruni71 ,plate ,,xii41 ,fig4 #e4--;,ab\t ! same size z ! la/1 b _m individuals are small]4 ,! gr\nd col\r is almo/ black1 b ne> ! tail are two or ?ree conspicu\s orange spots1 :i* are n pres5t 9 w-,album4 ,! orange b& on ! "u side ( ! h9d-w+ is mu* bold] & is edg$ ) black spots on bo? sides1 ! inn] r[ ( spots be+ p>tially r+$ ) :ite2 ! :ite hair/reaks are fa9t] & slightly int]rupt$4 ,?is is ! r>e/ ( ! gr\p1 & conf9$ to a few localities 9 ! ,s\? & ,s\?-,ea/4 ,! cat]pill> is gre51 ) yell[ spots & l9es2 x is f\nd on ,sloe & ,oak4 ,! p]fect insect is out 9 ,july4 ,,! ,,purple ,,hair/reak 7,!cla qu]cus71 ,plate ,,xii41 ,fig4 #c4--,! commone/ & mo/ widely di/ribut$ ( ! ,hair/reaks ext5d+ well into ,scotl& :]e1 h[ev]1 x is n common4 ,! upp] surface 9 ! male is %ot ) purple1 :ile ! female has a pat* on ei!r =e-w+ ( a /ill m pron\nc$ %e54 ,! "u side 7,plate ,,xiv41 ,fig4 #h7 is a cool grey2 ! hair/reak is :ite & /rongly def9$ by an inn] edg+ ( d>k br[n4 ,!re are also two orange eye-spots ne> ! tail1 :i* 9 ?is species is r small4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ad #a4 ,pupa ( ,r$ ,admiral #b4 ,l>va ( ,r$ ,admiral #c4 ,l>va ( ,small ,:ite #d4 ,new ,small ,skipp] #e4 ,pupa ( ,small ,:ite 7%[+ hole ?r\gh :i* i*neumons em]g$7 #f4 ,l>va ( ,:ite ,admiral #g4 ,br[n ,hair/reak 7"u side7 #h4 ,purple ,hair/reak 7"u side7 #i4 ,r+let 7"u side7 ,! cat]pill> is a r$di%-br[n & grey mixture1 ) a light] angul> patt]n along ! back1 & a light l9e along ! sides4 ,x fe$s on ,oak4 ,i once came ^u a small colony ( ?is little butt]fly fly+ r\nd "s ,oak-trees 9 ,argyll%ire1 b n "o ( !m came l[] ?an #ae feet f ! gr\nd1 & aft] try+ a v>iety ( exp$i5ts ,i _h to retire discomfit$ )\t a s+le capture4 ,a visit to ! same spot on subsequ5t days fail$ to reveal a s+le specim54 ,augu/ 0 ! mon?4 ,9 ! ,s\? x is out 9 ,june4 ,,! ,,gre5 ,,hair/reak 7,!cla rubi71 ,plate ,,xii41 ,fig4 #b4--,! smalle/ ( ! ,briti% ,hair/reaks & a fairly common species4 ,deep d+y br[n above1 bright em]ald-gre5 bel[1 trav]s$ by :ite hair/reaks1 al?\gh 9 "s specim5s ,i h tak5 ^! :ite l9es are abs5t4 ,an elusive little butt]fly1 z :5 x settles among/ gre5 h]bage ) ! w+s clos$ x is r5d]$ almo/ invisible1 s well does x h>monize ) its surr\nd+s4 ,! cat]pill> is gre51 spott$ & /rip$ ) yell[2 x fe$s on ,bramble & ,broom4 ,! butt]fly is out 9 ,june g5]ally1 b ,i h f\nd x 9 ! clos+ days ( ,may 9 a fav\rable season4 ,9 ! ,s\? a second brood appe>s 9 ,augu/4 ,x rea*es z f> nor? z ,p]?%ire1 & is frequ5tly met ) 9 ! ,we/ ,highl&s4 ,,! ,,l>ge ,,copp] ,,butt]fly 7,polyommatus ,disp>71 ,plate ,,xii41 ,fig4 #g4--;,i am afraid !re is n[ only "o ,briti% locality :]e ?is f9e butt]fly c be successfully pursu$4 ,/range to say x is n "o ( ! few places :]e x 0 f\nd s abundantly a c5tury ago4 ,nei!r is x any use go+ aft] x !re ) a net1 or any o!r ( ! usual appliances4 ,! correct place & me?od are no great secret1 be+1 z x is1 9 ! v he>t ( ,london--to wit1 ,/ev5s' ,auction ,rooms1 ,k+ ,/reet1 ,cov5t ,g>d54 ,a *eque-book !re is a m reliable1 &1 if prop]ly h&l$1 sure means ( br++ a specim5 into "o's collection4 ,i don't suppose !re is anybody n[ alive :o rememb]s hav+ se5 ! ,l>ge ,copp] flitt+ ab\t its native ,f5 l&s s long ago z #ahej or !reab\t1 = ! precise date is difficult to discov]4 ,! ,l>ge ,copp] has become z ext9ct z ! dodo or ! great auk4 ,=tunately1 _m specim5s are /ill to be se5 9 old & well-pres]v$ collections1 & n a few ( ^! h already pass$ ?r\gh ! h&s ( ! auctione]4 ,!re are v>i\s ,cont95tal ,copp]s :i* m or less resemble ! de> dep>t$4 ,& x is z well t ! po9ts ( diff]5ce %\ld be well kn[n1 z ^! =eign]s c be _h = a few p5ce4 ,disp> sells at z _m p\nds4 ,! male & female diff] v mu* f ea* o!r1 ! male be+ a cle> sc>let copp] t9t1 ) black m>g9s & a small black spot 9 ! c5tre ( ! =e-w+4 ,! female is l>g] & n s brilliant2 ! black m>g9al b& on ! =e-w+ is broad]1 & has a r[ ( black spots 9 addition to ! c5tral black spot4 ,! h9d-w+s are mu* d+i]1 except = a bright] b& r\nd ! out] m>g9 next ! black outl9e4 ,x 0 out 9 ,july & ,augu/ 9 ! ,f5 l&s ( ! s\?-ea/]n c\nties4 ,v>i\s causes h be5 assign$ z ! reason = its disappe>ance4 ,dra9+ (1 & burn+ rubbi% on1 ^! wa/es1 & ! con/ant p]secution ! insect _h to endure f m]c5>y natives :o1 once !y discov]$ !re 0 money 9 x--& ! m money1 d\btless1 ! sc>c] x became--all l5t _! quota ( assi/ance t[>ds f9ally ext]m9at+ ?is f9e butt]fly4 ,,! ,,small ,,copp] ,,butt]fly 7,polyommatus ,phlz71 ,plate ,,xii41 ,fig4 #h4--,less 9 size b h>dly less brilliant 9 col\r1 ! ,small ,copp] is n likely to %>e ! fate ( its l>g] relative4 ,a lively1 re/less1 little imp x is1 & has well e>n$ ! title ( ! flea1 by :i* x is kn[n 9 "s di/ricts4 ,z x is ! only ,copp] we possess n[1 a detail$ description is unnecess>y1 b ,i w\ld direct ! "y collector's att5tion to ! fact t !re are "s nice v>iations ( ?is common little species apt to be ov]look$1 p]haps ! mo/ /rik+ be+ a :ite =m1 & ano!r & common] "o hav+ a r[ ( blue spots on ! upp] surface ( ! h9d-w+s4 ,! cat]pill> fe$s on v>i\s species ( ,sorrel1 & is gre5 ) ?ree r$ l9es4 ,!re are sev]al broods 9 ! ye>1 b x is g5]ally m abundant 9 ! autumn4 ,f\nd ev]y:]e4 ,,! ,,long-,,tail$ ,,blue 7,lycna ,btica71 ,plate ,,xii41 ,fig4 #i4--,:ile !re is no d\bt ?is lovely little blue has be5 repeat$ly tak5 on our %ores1 ! fact rema9s t we mu/ /ill reg>d x z an occasional visitor only4 ,x may1 & we all hope x w1 yet be class$ among/ our resid5t fauna4 ,f :at we "k ( x1 x seems to h a m ?an usually wide range2 x is record$ = ,europe1 ,africa1 ,we/]n ,asia1 ,ea/ ,indies1 & ,au/ralia4 ,! male is a deep blue1 ) two black spots j above ! tails2 ! female %[s m br[n4 ,! "u side is q diff]5t f t ( any ( our native blues1 be+ b>r$ & spott$ 9 :ite1 & two %ades ( fawn-br[n1 ) two gre5 spots ne> ! tail4 ,a look\t = x may be kept all along our s\? coa/ dur+ ,july & ,augu/4 ,,! ,,silv]-,,/udd$ ,,blue 7,lycna gon71 ,plate ,,xii41 ,fig4 #aj4--;,9 all ( ! gr\p to :i* ?is insect belongs1 numb]+ ab\t t5 species1 ! males diff] v mu* 9 col\r1 especially on ! upp] surface1 f ! females4 ,! males are ne>ly always blue ( v>i\s %ades1 & ! females br[n & blue 9 v>y+ proportions4 ,9 gon1 ! male is a w>m violet-blue1 ! out] m>g9s be+ bord]$ ) black4 ,! female is br[n %ot ) blue1 :i* becomes m int5se ne> ! out] m>g9 ( ! h9d-w+s1 :]e !re is a r[ ( orange spots t\*+ an out] r[ ( black spots2 b ^! two r[s may be ne>ly or altoge!r abs5t4 ,! "u side 7,plate ,,xv41 ,fig4 #d7 is b&$ ) orange & black-spott$1 ! black spots be+ r+$ ) :ite4 ,! silv] /uds are on ! out] m>g9 ( ! orange b&1 pr9cipally on ! h9d-w+s4 ,?is is a fairly abundant species all ov] ,engl& on dry soils1 & has be5 met ) 9 ,scotl&4 ,! cat]pill> is gre51 sometimes br[n1 ) a d>k] l9e along ! back & :ite l9es on ! sides4 ,x fe$s on ,clov]1 ,vet*1 ,broom1 & o!r legum9\s plants4 ,! butt]fly is out 9 ,july & ,augu/4 ,,! ,,br[n ,,argus 7,lycna ,a/r>*e71 ,plate ,,xii41 ,fig4 #aa4--;,"h is a blue 9 :i* bo? sexes are br[n1 a r unusual ?+4 ,9 e o!r p>ticul>1 h[ev]1 x be>s ! family hall-m>k4 ,! upp] surface is d>k br[n1 bord]$ ) bright orange spots4 ,! "u side 7,plate ,,xv41 ,fig4 #f7 is b&$ ) orange & spott$ ) black dots r+$ ) :ite4 ,= ! ,scot* v>iety1 ,artax]xes1 ^! spots are solid :ite1 & !re is 9 addition a :ite discoidal spot on ! upp] side ( ! =e-w+4 ,?is v>iety is local 9 ,scotl&1 b fairly num]\s :]e f\nd1 g5]ally ne> ! sea1 & pl5tiful all along ! ,ayr%ire coa/ 9 ,june & ,july4 ,x is said to fe$ on ,helian!mum1 b has probably _m o!r food-plants1 su* z ! ,hemlock ,/ork's-bill 7,erodium cicut>ium71 :i* is common :]e x flies4 ,! cat]pill> is gre51 ) a d>k] l9e along ! back1 & a pale l9e on ea* side2 head black & %9+4 ,!re are _m int]m$iate =ms betwe5 ,artax]xes & ! type4 ,,! ,,common ,,blue 7,lycna ,ic>us71 ,plate ,,xii41 ,fig4 #ab4--,kn[n to ev]yone :o sees any?+ at all ( ! c\ntry4 ,x is ! blue butt]fly1 notic$ ev5 by ^? :o h>dly "k a butt]fly f a bullfrog4 ,an intellig5t little *ap he is1 too1 ) an eye = 8 own safety1 z ,i once f\nd :5 ,i _h ! opportunity ( obs]v+ q a numb] ( !m on a piece ( wa/e gr\nd ne> ! sea4 ,! wea!r 0 dull & ?reat5+ ra91 & n a butt]fly 0 on ! w+2 b ,i c\ld see pl5ty ( our common blue fri5d hang+ on1 ) clos$ w+s1 to ! ends ( ru%es1 grass-/alks1 & on ?i/le-tops2 b always :5 ,i came )9 a /ep or two !y adroitly *ang$ _! position1 putt+ :atev] !y 7 re/+ or hang+ on betwe5 u1 j edg+ r\nd ! corn] z x 71 s z to be out ( sight4 ,app>5tly ! idea ( fly+ away f an enemy 0 "h consid]$ z too risky "u ! conditions :i* prevail$2 ! safe/ plan 0 to hide1 s hide !y did4 ,x 0 ! funnie/ game ( hide-&-seek ,i ev] play$4 ,i h s9ce se5 ! small blue dragon-flies adopt ! same tactics on ! ru%es by ! side ( a pond4 ,no wond] ?is little fell[ is s common4 ,9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce he has %[n himself able & well-fitt$ to survive2 nev]!less ,i _h a good "t among/ !m t aft]noon & box$ "s f9e v>ieties4 ,! male be>s a w>m %ade ( blue1 & ! female is f ne>ly black to br[n1 ) a blue blu% spread+ f ! body outw>ds1 bo? w+s be+ bord]$ ) a r[ ( orange & black spots1 (t5 on a gr\nd ( :ite4 ,sometimes1 too1 !re is a discoidal black spot edg$ ) :ite2 b ! females are v v>iable4 ,! "u side 7,plate ,,xv41 ,fig4 #e7 has ! *>act]i/ic m>k+s ( ! blues1 &1 except+ t ! female is a little d>k] 9 gr\nd col\r1 bo? sexes are pretty mu* alike4 ,! cat]pill> is gre51 ) a d>k l9e on ! back1 & a light yell[ l9e on ea* side2 x fe$s on ,trefoil & ,clov]4 ,! p]fect insect is common ev]y:]e f ,june till ,augu/4 ,,! ,,clifd5 ,,blue1 ,,or ,,adonis ,,blue 7,lycna ,bell>gus71 ,plate ,,xiii41 ,fig4 #a4--;,x w be suffici5t to po9t out ! specific *>act]s ( ea* ( ^! blues )\t go+ into m9ute detail1 :i* w\ld be we>isome1 ev5 if x 7 possible 7:i* x is n7 to pa9t 9 words :at ,nature has pa9t$ s admirably on ! butt]flies' w+s4 ,! male ,adonis is a brilliant azure blue2 fr+e1 deep & :ite1 & divid$ into sections by black l9es4 ,female1 br[n to ne>ly black1 ) a r[ ( orange & black spots r\nd ! base ( ! h9d-w+ & sometimes cont9u$ fa9tly into ! =e-w+2 x is br[n] on ! "u side ?an ! male4 ,bo? resemble ! ,common ,blue v mu*1 b ! spots are sc>cely s num]\s or s bold4 ,! w+s1 h[ev]1 are g5]ally m ample1 ^? ( ! males be+ m r\nd$4 ,! cat]pill> is gre51 ) a d>k] l9e on ! back1 & a yell[ l9e on ea* side2 spott$ ) orange on ! back4 ,?is is a fairly common species conf9$ mo/ly to ! ,s\?1 :]e1 be+ d\ble-brood$1 x is out 9 ,june & ,augu/4 ,,! ,,*alk-,,hill ,,blue 7,lycna ,corydon71 ,plate ,,xiii41 ,fig4 #b4--;,a l>g] insect ?an ! la/1 & ! male an extremely pale iridesc5t blue1 :i* is %ad$ (f at ! m>g9s into a black bord]1 ) a :ite fr+e *eck$ ) black4 ,female1 d>k br[n1 black & :ite *eck$ fr+e2 eye-spots ne>ly obsolete along ! m>g9 ( bo? w+s4 ,"u side 9 male almo/ :ite1 %ad+ to pale gre51 blue next ! body on ! =e-w+2 h9d-w+1 ) a wa% ( pale br[n = ! gr\nd2 spots black1 outl9$ ) :ite4 ,a m>g9al r[ ( orange spots is conf9$ to ! h9d-w+ 9 ! male1 b ext5ds to ! =e-w+ 9 ! female2 ! gr\nd col\r ( x1 h[ev]1 is a pale fawn1 :i* sets =? ! eye-spots beautifully4 ,! cat]pill> is gre51 /rip$ on ! back & sides ) yell[4 ,a decid$ly s\!rn species1 frequ5t+ ! *alk d[ns ( ! ,s\? & ! ,isle ( ,wight1 or ! lime/one di/ricts ( ! ,midl&s4 ,x is out 9 ,july & ,augu/4 ,,! ,,azure ,,blue ,,or ,,holly ,,blue 7,lycna ,argiolus71 ,plate ,,xiii41 ,fig4 #d4--,?is is a v da9ty little butt]fly ( a deep sky-blue1 ) r\nd$ w+s n>r[ly fr+$ ) :ite1 tick$ ) black4 ,! female has a broad1 irregul>1 black bord]1 occasionally ext5d+ well into ! w+4 ,b ! "u side 7,plate ,,xv41 ,fig4 #c7 m>ks a new dep>ture1 be+ ( a v pale1 %imm]+ blue1 ) only a few small1 black spots1 :i* =m an incomplete r[ on =e- & h9d-w+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ae #a4 ,br[n ,argus 7v>4 ,artax]xes7 #b4 ,br[n ,argus 7v>4 ,artax]xes7 7"u side7 #c4 ,azure ,blue 7"u side7 #d4 ,silv]-,/udd$ ,blue 7"u side7 #e4 ,common ,blue 7"u side7 #f4 ,br[n ,argus 7"u side7 #g4 ,maz>9e ,blue 7upp] side7 #h4 ,maz>9e ,blue 7"u side7 #i4 ,*alkhill ,blue 7"u side7 #aj4 ,l>ge ,blue 7"u side7 #aa4 ,little ,blue 7"u side7 ,! cat]pill> is gre51 ) a d>k l9e on ! back1 & a black head4 ,x fe$s on ! fl[]s ( ,holly1 ,ivy1 & ,buck?orn4 ,be+ d\ble-brood$1 ! p]fect insect appe>s fir/ 9 ,april & ,may1 & aga9 9 ,augu/4 ,x is g5]ally di/ribut$ 9 ,engl&1 ?\gh commone/ 9 ! ,s\?2 n kn[n to occur 9 ,scotl&4 ,,! ,,maz>9e ,,blue 7,lycna semi>gus71 ,plate ,,xv41 ,figs4 #g & #h4--,males1 a v d>k purple-blue--9 fact1 ?is is our d>ke/ ,blue1 & %>es ! di/9ction ) ! ,long-,tail$ ,blue ( be+ extremely sc>ce4 ,possibly ^? met ) n[ are visitors f ! ,cont95t4 ,! blue deep5s into a black bord] at ! m>g9s2 fr+e %ort & :ite4 ,female1 a uni=m d>k br[n2 "u side a pale buff col\r1 ) an irregul> r[ ( black spots edg$ ) :ite4 ,!re are no orange spots on ?is species4 ,x is said to fe$ on ,?rift2 h5ce x is likelie/ to be met ) ne> ! coa/ dur+ ,july4 ,good ,cont95tal specim5s c be pur*as$ *eaply1 or got by ex*ange4 ,& ,i hold x is bett] to fill 9 y\r r[ ) ^!1 c>efully labell+ !m to indicate _! s\rce1 ?an to h an empty space always />+ y 9 ! face4 ,unless ?is species becomes m common1 ! av]age collector's *ance ( captur+ ,briti% specim5s is exce$+ly remote4 ,,! ,,little ,,blue 7,lycna ,m9ima71 ,plate ,,xiii41 ,fig4 #c4--,! smalle/ ( our butt]flies1 ! av]age expanse be+ only #c_/d in*4 ,male1 blacki%-br[n du/$ ) blue t[>ds ! base ( ! w+s4 ,female1 solid br[n2 "u side 7,plate ,,xv41 ,fig4 #aa7 a pale salmon1 blue spott$ z 9 ,argiolus1 ) black outl9$ ) :ite2 no orange spots on ei!r sex4 ,! cat]pill> is dull gre51 orange-/rip$ on back & sides4 ,x fe$s on ,trefoils1 etc4 ,?is species is local1 b common all ov] ! ,briti% ,isles1 except 9 ! extreme ,nor?4 ,x is "o ( our e>ly species1 appe>+ 9 ,may & ,june4 ,,! ,,l>ge ,,blue 7,lycna ,arion71 ,plate ,,xiii41 ,fig4 #e4--,?is is ! l>ge/ ( our ,blues & ! r>e/ ( our really resid5t species1 & al?\gh x appe>s to be able to hold its own & ma9ta9 its numb]s fairly well1 ,i w\ld /rongly urge collectors to at lea/ let all ! fair & worn specim5s reta9 _! lib]ty4 ,aga9 & aga9 ,i h se5 specim5s set up & s5t out 9 ex*ange t %\ld nev] h be5 tak54 ,( a d>k blue col\r1 black-bord]$1 ,arion c always be recogniz$ by ! r[ ( black spots across ! middle ( ! =e-w+2 !y are sometimes v l>ge 9 size4 ,!re is occasionally a r[ ( black spots r\nd bo? w+s1 j inside ! m>g94 ,! "u side 7,plate ,,xv41 ,fig4 #aj7 is a pale grey1 gradually %ad+ into a bright blue-gre5 next ! body1 pr(us$ly spott$ ) black 9 :ite r+s4 ,! cat]pill>1 :i* fe$s on ,wild ,?yme 9 ! spr+1 is d>k ru/-col\r$4 ,! butt]fly is out 9 ,july1 & is f\nd mo/ly 9 ! extreme s\?-we/ c\nties4 ,,! ,,duke ,,( ,,burgundy ,,fritill>y 7,nemeobius ,luc9a71 ,plate ,,xiii41 ,fig4 #f4--,v l a dim9utive memb] ( ! ,fritill>y family1 b x has no real connection ) x1 & bett] /ill1 x has a :ole family 7,eryc9id7 & g5us to itself1 be+ ! only "o ( its k9d f\nd 9 ,europe4 ,! upp] surface is a tawny orange1 ) d>k br[n *eck]+s1 :ile a r[ ( m>g9al black spots runs r\nd ! out] m>g9s4 ,! "u side ( ! h9d-w+s has a d\ble r[ ( pale1 almo/ :ite1 spots across ! c5tre1 & black spots1 simil> to ^? on ! upp] side1 r\nd ! edge4 ,! cat]pill> is %ort & tap]+1 pale br[n ) a d>k] l9e on ! back1 & a light] "o on ! sides4 ,x fe$s on ,primrose4 ,?is species is said to be d\ble-brood$ 9 ! ,s\?1 out 9 ,june & aga9 9 ,augu/ z f> nor? z ,c>lisle & ! ,lake ,di/rict4 ,note3 ! female has six p]fect walk+ legs1 ! male only f\r1 ! front pair be+ rudim5t>y1 z ) _m ( ! l>g] butt]flies4 ,,! ,,grizzl$ ,,skipp] 7,syri*?us ,malv71 ,plate ,,xiii41 ,fig4 #g4--,! ,skipp]s1 ( :i* !re are eight species 9 ?is c\ntry1 are (t5 ref]r$ to z ! connect+-l9k betwe5 ! butt]flies & mo?s1 & n )\t "s ju/ification4 ,! ant5n are some:at %ort1 club-%ap$1 & hook$ at ! extremity4 ,! head is l>ge1 & ! ant5n spr+ f j above ! eyes2 _! base is ?us wide ap>t4 ,comp>e a ,skipp] ) a ,blue 9 :i* ! roots ( ! ant5n almo/ t\*4 ,! body ( ! ,skipp] is /\t & mo?like1 & ! w+s n s ample1 & m angul> ?an 9 ! av]age butt]fly4 ,! cat]pill>s live 9 a roll$ leaf or sev]al leaves spun toge!r1 & pupate 9 a slight cocoon4 ,! ,grizzl$ ,skipp] is a small butt]fly measur+ j ov] #c_/d ( an in* 9 expanse4 ,! gr\nd col\r is ne>ly black1 *eck]$ ) :ite squ>e spots1 z is also ! fr+e4 ,! "u side is light]4 ,! cat]pill> is a ru/y br[n1 ) light] l9es on ! back & sides4 ,! species is d\bl$-brood$1 appe>+ 9 ,may & ,augu/1 & is g5]ally di/ribut$ ov] ! c\ntry z f> nor? z ! ,s\?-,we/ ( ,scotl&4 ,,! ,,d+y ,,skipp] 7,nisoniades ,tages71 ,plate ,,xiii41 ,fig4 #h4--,?is is dull grey-br[n1 & v ,quak]-l 9 its sombre g>b1 ) a light] & a d>k] b& across ! w+s4 ,! "u side is a pale drab1 ) a few fa9t light spots4 ,& truly "o may be excus$ if at times x is mi/ak5 = a night-fly+ mo?4 ,! cat]pill> fe$s on trefoil1 & is gre51 ) f\r yell[ l9es & "s black dots2 x is v /\t 9 ! middle1 tap]+ to ei!r end4 ,?is ,skipp] is also d\bl$-brood$1 appe>+ 9 ,may & ,augu/1 g5]ally on dry soils su* z ! *alk1 or lime/one1 or1 z 9 ,scotl&1 on ! s&-dunes ( ,ayr%ire1 :]e x is locally common4 ,,! ,,small ,,skipp] 7,hesp]ia ,?aumas71 ,plate ,,xiii41 ,fig4 #i4--,upp] side a uni=m tawny-orange %ade1 ) a d>k br[n or black bord]4 ,!re is also a black da% across ! =e-w+ ( ! male1 :i* is abs5t 9 ! female4 ,on ! "u side !re is a tawny pat* along ! inn] m>g9 ( ! h9d-w+1 & ! tip ( ! =e-w+ is light4 ,^! are good id5tification po9ts1 z !y are fairly /able4 ,! cat]pill> is gre51 ) two :ite l9es on ! back & a yell[ l9e on ei!r side4 ,x fe$s on grasses 9 ! spr+4 ,! butt]fly appe>s 9 ,july & is common 9 ,engl&1 b is n kn[n 9 ,scotl&4 ,,! ,,new ,,small ,,skipp] 7,hesp]ia ,l9eola71 ,plate ,,xiv41 ,fig4 #d4--;,is v l ! la/1 s mu* s1 t x _h be5 tak5 = _m ye>s by collectors & confus$ ) ,?aumas4 ,!re 7 few collections t did n possess a mix$ s]ies4 ,b once its id5tity 0 e/abli%$1 x 0 soon plac$ 9 its rightful position4 ,x may be di/+ui%$ f ,?aumas by ! abs5ce ( ! fulv\s pat* on ! inn] m>g9 ( ! "u side ( ! h9d-w+s1 & also by ! abs5ce ( ! light tip on ! "u side ( ! =e-w+4 ,! black da% across ! upp] side ( ! =e-w+ ( ! male is fa9t]1 %ort]1 & m (t5 altoge!r abs5t4 ,! "u side ( ! h9d-w+ is a light buff )\t m>ks ( any k9d4 ,! cat]pill> is a bronze-gre51 ) f\r yell[ l9es on ! back & "o on ! sides2 x fe$s on grasses 9 damp mead[s1 mo/ly 9 ! s\? & s\?-ea/]n c\nties4 ,! species is local1 b common :]e x occurs4 ,out 9 ,july & ,augu/4 ,,! ,,lulwor? ,,skipp] 7,hesp]ia ,acton71 ,plate ,,xiii41 ,fig4 #aj4--;,an extremely local species1 be+ only f\nd 9 two or ?ree localities on ! s\? coa/4 ,x may be di/+ui%$ f ! two prec$+ ,skipp]s1 fir/1 by its m d+y col\r2 second1 by ! female hav+ a semicircul> r[ ( light spots ne> ! tip ( ! =e-w+4 ,^! are v fa9tly visible 9 "s males1 b !y h1 9 addition1 a black /reak along ! c5tre ( ! w+4 ,! "u side 9 bo? sexes is simil>1 a pale d+y fawn1 ) no p>ticul> m>k+s4 ,! ant5n are v %ort4 ,! cat]pill> is gre51 ) a d>k l9e on ! back1 & a d\ble l9e ( yell[ on ea* side4 ,?is species may be look$ = on r\gh gr\nd fac+ ! sea dur+ ,july & ,augu/4 ,,! ,,l>ge ,,skipp] 7,hesp]ia ,sylvanus71 ,plate ,,xiii41 ,fig4 #aa4--,upp] surface tawny-orange %ad+ into d>k] at ! m>g9 ( bo? w+s2 on ?is d>k m>g9 are a few pale spots1 mo/ly at ! tip ( ! =e-w+4 ,! male has an almo/ black /reak ne> ! c5tre ( ! =e-w+2 ?is is n pres5t 9 ! female4 ,! "u side is a light tawny olive1 ) pale light] spots4 ,! cat]pill> is gre51 ) a d>k l9e on ! back1 & a light /ripe on ! sides4 ,x is a grass-fe$]4 ,?is ,skipp] is abundant all ov] ,engl& 9 ,may & aga9 9 ,augu/1 b is r>e 9 ,scotl&4 ,,! ,,pe>l ,,skipp] 7,hesp]ia ,comma71 ,plate ,,xiii41 ,fig4 #ab4--,?is species is n q s l>ge z ! la/4 ,x is d>k]1 & ! spot m>k+s are mu* bright] & m decid$4 ,?is is ! case especially on ! "u side1 z !re ! spots are bright en\gh to sugge/ pe>ls4 ,h5ce ! "n4 ,note1 too1 ! d>k /reak 9 ! middle ( ! =e-w+ ( ! male2 x is divid$ along ! c5tre by a :ite l9e4 ,?is :ite l9e is want+ 9 ! ,l>ge ,skipp]4 ,! d>k /reak is only on ! upp] w+s ( ! males4 ,comma is also a m local & sc>ce insect1 be+ conf9$ mo/ly to ! ,s\? ( ,engl&4 ,! cat]pill> is greyi%-r$1 & has a d\ble d>k l9e on ei!r side2 x fe$s on v>i\s ,vet*es & ,trefoils4 ,! butt]fly is out 9 ,july & ,augu/4 ,,! ,,*eck]$ ,,skipp] 7,c>t]ocephalus ,palmon71 ,plate ,,xiii41 ,fig4 #ac4--,! upp] side ( ?is butt]fly is speckl$ & bord]$ ) tawny-orange spots on a d>k br[n gr\nd4 ,! "u side has a light] gr\nd col\r1 & ! spots are outl9$ ) d>k br[n4 ,! cat]pill> is d>k1 almo/ black1 ) a yell[ l9e on ! sides1 &1 z x hib]nates ov] ! w9t]1 may be look$ = 9 ! spr+4 ,x fe$s on grasses & ,planta94 ,?is is a v local species1 & ,i am afraid1 to judge f reports1 becom+ r>]4 ,! s\? & s\?-ea/]n c\nties are ! fav\r$ localities4 ,,! ,,milkwe$ ,,butt]fly 7,danais ,erippus2 v>iety1 ,ar*ippus71 ,plate ,,viii41 ,fig4 #c4--,?is is an ,am]ican species1 b an occasional visitor to our %ores1 &1 z x is a /rong-fly+ species ) ! bump ( adv5ture abnormally develop$1 x is n[ met ) 9 _m l&s :]e x 0 at "o "t unkn[n4 ,i h l>ge f9e specim5s f ,canada1 s x c /& ! rig\rs ( ! ,canadian w9t]2 & if x %\ld f9d a suitable food-plant = ! cat]pill>s "h1 we may hope1 9 ! ne> future1 to add ?is f9e butt]fly to ! select little b& ( ,briti% butt]flies4 ,,index ,briti% ,butt]flies describ$1 #bi ,butt]flies1 ant5n (1 #a1 #aj capture & pres]vation1 #ac eyes (1 #aa h[ to kill1 #af li/ ( ,briti%1 #bg s5se & smell1 #aj sight1 #aj tongues (1 #ab ,butt]fly net1 #ad ,collection1 /or+ (1 #be ,dry+-case1 #bb ,entomological p9s1 #ag ,,families ,,( ,,butt]flies4 ,apaturid1 #bh ,eryc9id1 #bi ,hesp]id1 #bi ,lyc5id1 #bh ,nymphalid1 #bg ,papilionid1 #bg ,pi]id1 #bg ,satyrid1 #bh ,grease1 treatm5t (1 #ag ,i*neumons1 #e ,l>vae1 pres]vation (1 #bb ,lepidopt]a1 #a ,life-/ory ( ,butt]flies1 #a ,p9s1 entomological1 #ag ,scales1 #i ,sett+ bo>ds1 #ah bri/le1 #ah ne$le1 #ai ,paisley me?od1 #bj ) braces1 #ah ,,species ,,( ,,butt]flies3 ,blue1 ,adonis1 #gi ,azure1 #hj ,*alkhill1 #hj ,clifd51 #gi ,common1 #gh ,holly1 #hj ,l>ge1 #hb ,little1 #ha ,long-tail$1 #gf ,maz>9e1 #ha ,silv]-/udd$1 #gf ,brim/one1 #da ,br[n ,argus1 #gg ,camb]well ,beauty1 #ee ,cl\d$ ,yell[1 #ci ,pale1 #ch ,comma1 #ea ,copp]1 ,l>ge1 #gd ,small1 #ge ,fritill>y1 ,duke ( ,burgundy1 #hb ,d>k ,gre51 #dd ,glanville1 #di ,greasy1 #dh ,hea?1 #ea ,high ,br[n1 #df ,pe>l-bord]$1 #dc ,que5 ( ,spa91 #dd ,silv]-wa%$1 #dg ,small ,pe>l-bord]$1 #db ,grayl+1 #fe ,hair/reak1 ,black1 #gb ,br[n1 #ga ,gre51 #gc ,purple1 #gb ,:ite-lett]1 #ga ,mead[ ,br[n1 #fg ,small1 #fg ,milkwe$1 #hg ,orange-tip1 #cg ,pa9t$ ,lady1 #eh ,peacock1 #ee ,purple ,emp]or1 #ei ,r$ ,admiral1 #ef ,r+let1 #fh ,m>%1 #fi ,m\nta91 #fb ,scot* ,argus1 #fb ,skipp]1 ,*eck]$1 #hg ,d+y1 #hd ,grizzl$1 #hc ,l>ge1 #hf ,lulwor?1 #he ,new ,small1 #he ,pe>l1 #hf ,small1 #hd ,small ,hea?1 #gj ,speckl$ ,wood1 #fd ,swall[ ,tail1 #bi ,tortoise%ell1 ,l>ge1 #eb ,small1 #ec ,wall ,br[n1 #fe ,:ite ,admiral1 #ei ,ba?1 #cf ,black-ve9$1 #cb ,gre5-ve9$1 #ce ,l>ge ,g>d51 #cc ,m>bl$1 #fa ,small ,g>d51 #cd ,wood1 #ch ,,bill+ ,,& ,,sons1 ,,ltd41 ,,pr9t]s1 ,,guild=d1 ,,engl&