,this file was produced from page images at the ,internet ,archive4 ,transcriber's ,note ,this book was transcribed from a scan of the original found at ,google ,books4 ,words in italics in this etext were italicized in the original book4 ,i have corrected obvious misspellings but ,i've left variant spellings alone4 ,a ,,prose ,,english ,,translation ,,of ,,harivamsha4 7,,translated ,,literally ,,into ,,english ,,prose47 ,,edited ,,and ,,published ,,by ,,manmatha ,,nath ,,dutt1 ,m4,a41 ,m4,r4,a4,s41 ,,rector1 ,,keshub ,,academy2 ,author of the ,english ,translations of ,ramayana1 ,mahabharata1 ,srimadbhagavatam1 ,vishnupuran1 ,markandeyapuran1 ,bhagavat-,gita and many other works4 ,,calcutta ,,printed ,,by ,h4 ,c4 ,,dass1 ,elysium ,press1 #f4e_/b ,beadon ,street4 #ahig ,a ,,prose ,,english ,,translation ,,of ,,harivamsha 4444444444444444444444444 ,,harivamsha 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444 ,,the ,,prelude4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444444444444 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,the ,,primeval ,,creation 444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,the ,,origin ,,of ,,men3 ,,the ,,birth ,,of ,,daksha4 4444444444444 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,various ,,families2 ,,daksha',s ,,offspring4 4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,a ,,query ,,regarding ,,the ,,origin ,,of ,,the ,,articles ,,of ,,food4 ,,chapter ,v4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,vena ,,and ,,prithu4 44444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,the ,,origin ,,of ,,the ,,earth4 4444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,manwantaras4 4444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,,division ,,of ,,time4 444444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,,account ,,of ,,the ,,sun',s ,,offspring4 444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,x4 ,,vaivaswata ,,manu',s ,,offspring4 4444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,,account ,,of ,,raivata ,,and ,,his ,,sons4 44444444444444444444 ,,chapter4 ,,xii4 ,,the ,,story ,,of ,,satyavrata4 44444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xiii4 ,,the ,,same ,,story ,,continued4 4444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xiv4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,sagara4 444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xv4 ,,the ,,same ,,story ,,continued4 444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xvi4 ,,the ,,origin ,,of ,,pitris ,,and ,,fruits ,,of ,,sraddhas4 4444444 ,,chapter ,,xvii4 ,,the ,,same ,,story ,,continued4 4444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xviii4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,pitris4 4444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xix4 ,,bharadwaja's ,,family4 4444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xx4 ,,account ,,of ,,brahmadatta ,,and ,,the ,,strange ,,bird4 44444444 ,,chapter ,,xxi4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,the ,,seven ,,brahmanas4 44444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxii4 ,,the ,,curse ,,of ,,the ,,birds4 444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxiii4 ,,the ,,story ,,of ,,the ,,birds--,,continued4 4444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxiv4 ,,brahmadatta ,,retires ,,from ,,the ,,world4 444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxv4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,the ,,birth ,,of ,,the ,,moon4 444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxvi4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,pururava4 444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxvii4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,ila',s ,,family4 4444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxviii4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,raji ,,and ,,his ,,sons4 4444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxix4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,kashi ,,kings4 444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxx4 ,,account ,,of ,,the ,,king ,,yayati4 444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxxi4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,puru',s ,,family4 4444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxxii4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,richeyu',s ,,family4 444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxxiii4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,haihayas ,,and ,,kartavirya4 4444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxxiv4 ,,krousthu',s ,,family4 4444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxxv4 ,,vasudeva',s ,,family4 44444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxxvi4 ,,kroushthu',s ,,family4 444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxxvii4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,vabhru',s ,,family4 444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxxviii4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,swyamantaka ,,jewel4 444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxxix4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,akrura4 4444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xl4 ,a ,,description ,,of ,,vishnu4 4444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xli4 ,,the ,,incarnations ,,of ,,vishnu4 444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xlii4 ,,vishnu',s ,,appearance4 444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xliii4 ,,the ,,preparation ,,of ,,the ,,danavas ,,for ,,the ,,battle4 444 ,,chapter ,,xliv4 ,,arrangement ,,of ,,the ,,celestial ,,army4 4444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xlv4 ,,the ,,fight ,,between ,,the ,,gods ,,and ,,demons4 4444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xlvi4 ,,the ,,battle ,,of ,,the ,,gods4 444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xlvii4 ,,the ,,encouragement ,,of ,,danavas4 44444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xlviii4 ,,kalanemi ,,goes ,,to ,,vishnu4 444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xlix4 ,,attributes ,,of ,,narayana 4444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,l4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,narayanashrama4 444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,li4 ,,the ,,proposal ,,of ,,relieving ,,the ,,earth ,,of ,,her ,,burden4 44 ,,chapter ,,lii4 ,,the ,,assembly ,,of ,,the ,,gods4 44444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,liii4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,santanu',s ,,family4 4444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,liv4 ,,the ,,birth ,,of ,,the ,,daityas4 44444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,l4,v4 ,,vishnu',s ,,reply4 444444444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lvi4 ,,kansa ,,is ,,informed ,,of ,,his ,,death ,,by ,,narada4 4444444444 ,,chapter ,,lvii4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,the ,,birth ,,of ,,demons 44444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lviii4 ,,attributes ,,of ,,the ,,goddess4 44444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lix4 ,,birth ,,of ,,krishna ,,and ,,baladeva4 444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lx4 ,a ,,description ,,of ,,village ,,vraja 4444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lxi4 ,,superhuman ,,deeds ,,of ,,krishna4 ,,he ,,upsets ,a ,,carriage ,,and ,,kills ,,putana4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444 ,,chapter ,,lxii4 ,,the ,,childish ,,freaks ,,of ,,krishna4 4444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lviii4 ,,krishna ,,wishes ,,to ,,go ,,to ,,vrindavana ,,and ,,produces ,,wolves4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lxiv4 ,,their ,,departure ,,for ,,vrindavana4 4444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lxv4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,the ,,rainy ,,season4 44444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lxvi4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,kalya4 444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lxvii4 ,,krishna ,,subdues ,,kalya4 444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lxiii4 ,,the ,,destruction ,,of ,,khara ,,and ,,dhenuka4 444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lxiv4 ,,the ,,destruction ,,of ,,the ,,demon ,,pralamva 4444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lxx4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,indra-,,yajna4 4444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lxxi4 ,,krishna ,,protests ,,against ,,indra-,,yajna3 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,autumn4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lxxii4 ,,the ,,reply ,,of ,,the ,,gopas4 44444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lxxiii4 ,,indra ,,sends ,,down ,,punishment4 44444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lxxiv4 ,,indra ,,comes ,,and ,,eulogises ,,krishna4 444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lxxv4 ,,rasa ,,dance4 444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lxxvi4 ,,death ,,of ,,aristha4 44444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lxxvii4 ,,kansa ,,invites ,,krishna ,,and ,,sends ,,akrura ,,to ,,bring ,,him4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lxxviii4 ,,andhaka',s ,,advice ,,to ,,kansa4 444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lxxix4 ,,the ,,destruction ,,of ,,keshi4 444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lxxx4 ,,akrura ,,goes ,,to ,,vraja 444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lxxxi4 ,,akrura ,,describes ,,to ,,him ,,the ,,miseries ,,of ,,his ,,parents4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lxxxii4 ,,krishna',s ,,arrival4 444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lxxxiii4 ,,arrangements ,,for ,,the ,,match4 44444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lxxxiv4 ,a ,,description ,,of ,,the ,,arena4 444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lxxxv4 ,,trial ,,of ,,arms4 44444444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lxxxvi4 ,,lamentations ,,of ,,kansa',s ,,wives4 444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lxxxvii4 ,,krishna',s ,,reply ,,to ,,ugrasena4 4444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lxxxviii4 ,,krishna ,,brings ,,back ,,his ,,preceptor',s ,,son ,,from ,,the ,,ocean4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,lxxxix4 ,,jarasandha ,,prepares ,,to ,,attack ,,mathura4 4444444444 ,,chapter ,,xc4 ,,jarasandha',s ,,army4 4444444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xcii4 ,,the ,,battle ,,between ,,krishna ,,and ,,jarashandha4 4444444 ,,chapter ,,xciii4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,haryashwa4 4444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xciv4 ,,the ,,sons ,,of ,,yadu ,,and ,,their ,,conquests4 4444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xcv4 ,,krishna ,,meets ,,with ,,parasurama4 444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xcvi4 ,a ,,description ,,of ,,the ,,mount ,,gomanta4 444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xcvii4 ,,balarama ,,gets ,,drunk4 44444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xcviii4 ,,jarasandha',s ,,instructions ,,to ,,the ,,kings4 444444444 ,,chapter ,,xcix4 ,,krishna ,,meets ,,his ,,enemy4 44444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,c4 ,,battle ,,with ,,shrigala4 44444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ci4 ,,krishna',s ,,arrival ,,at ,,mathura4 44444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cii4 ,,baladeva ,,visits ,,vraja4 44444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ciii4 ,,rukshmini',s ,,swayamvara 4444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,civ4 ,,the ,,meeting ,,of ,,krishna ,,and ,,garuda4 44444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cv4 ,,jarasandha',s ,,adress ,,to ,,the ,,kings4 4444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cvi4 ,,dantavakras ,,speech4 44444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cvii4 ,,kaishika ,,worships ,,krishna4 444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cviii4 ,,conversation ,,between ,,krishna ,,and ,,bhishmaka4 444444 ,,chapter ,,cix4 ,,jarasandha',s ,,proposal ,,to ,,invite ,,kalayavana4 44444444 ,,chapter ,,cx4 ,,shalya ,,meets ,,kalayavana4 4444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cxi4 ,,kalayavana ,,agrees ,,to ,,kill ,,krishna4 44444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cxii4 ,,ugrasena ,,receives ,,krishna4 444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cxiii4 ,,krishna',s ,,proposal ,,to ,,go ,,to ,,dwaraka4 4444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cxiv4 ,,account ,,of ,,kalayavana4 4444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cxv4 ,,the ,,laying ,,out ,,of ,,dwarka4 44444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cxvvi4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,rukshmi3 ,,krishna ,,takes ,,away ,,rukshmini4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cxivii4 ,,rukshmi ,,attacks ,,krishna ,,and ,,is ,,defeated4 44444444 ,,chapter ,,cxviii4 ,,marriage ,,of ,,rukshmavati4 444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cxix4 ,,baladeva',s ,,glorious ,,deeds ,,described4 44444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cxx4 ,,the ,,defeat ,,of ,,the ,,asura ,,naraka4 44444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cxxi4 ,,krishna ,,visit ,,with ,,aditi4 4444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cxxii4 ,,the ,,present ,,of ,,the ,,parijata ,,by ,,krishna ,,to ,,rukshmini4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cxxiii4 ,,satyabhama',s ,,resentment ,,and ,,keshava',s ,,consolation ,,to ,,her4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cxxiv4 ,,satyabhama',s ,,grief4 444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cxxv4 ,,the ,,history ,,of ,,the ,,parijata ,,tree ,,the ,,coloquy ,,between ,,krishna ,,and ,,narada4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444 ,,chapter ,,cxxvi4 ,,the ,,colloquy ,,between ,,narada ,,and ,,indra ,,regarding ,,the ,,transplantation ,,of ,,the ,,parijata4 44444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cxxvii4 ,,narada',s ,,advice ,,and ,,indra',s ,,answers4 444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ccxviii4 ,,narada',s ,,advice4 4444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ccxix4 ,,attributes ,,of ,,hari4 444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ccxx4 ,,the ,,fight ,,between ,,krishna ,,and ,,indra4 44444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ccxxi4 ,,the ,,fight ,,between ,,garuda ,,and ,,airavata 444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ccxxii4 ,,indra ,,fights ,,with ,,krishna 44444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ccxxiii4 ,,satya ,,perform ,,the ,,rite4 444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ccxxiv4 ,,the ,,history ,,of ,,the ,,punyaka ,,rite4 4444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ccxxv4 ,,punyaka ,,described ,,by ,,uma4 444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ccxxvi4 ,,the ,,same ,,subject ,,continued4 444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ccxxvii4 ,,the ,,same ,,subject ,,continued4 44444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ccxxviii4 ,,narada ,,gives ,a ,,history ,,of ,,vratas ,,performed ,,by ,,other ,,ladies4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444 ,,chapter ,,ccxxix4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,the ,,city ,,of ,,asuras4 444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ccxxx4 ,,the ,,asuras ,,obstructing ,a ,,yajna4 444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ccxxxi4 ,,war ,,between ,,krishna ,,and ,,asuras4 44444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ccxxxii4 ,,defeat ,,of ,,the ,,asuras3 ,,they ,,fight ,,again4 44444444 ,,chapter ,,ccxxxiii4 ,,the ,,history ,,of ,,the ,,asura ,,andhaka4 4444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ccxxxiv4 ,,andmaka ,,goes ,,to ,,the ,,mount ,,mandara4 4444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ccxxxv4 ,,the ,,yadavas ,,sport ,,in ,,the ,,ocean4 44444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ccxxxvi4 ,,the ,,sport ,,of ,,the ,,yadus ,,continued4 44444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ccxxxvii4 ,,nikumbha ,,carries ,,away ,,bhanumati4 44444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ccxxxviii4 ,,the ,,destruction ,,of ,,vajranabha3 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,prabhavati4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ccxxxix4 ,,the ,,celestial ,,swans ,,go ,,to ,,the ,,city ,,of ,,vajra 4444 ,,chapter ,,ccxl4 ,,the ,,yadavas ,,arrive ,,at ,,the ,,city ,,of ,,asuras ,,as ,,actors4 ,,chapter ,,ccxli4 ,,pradyumna ,,appears ,,before ,,prabhavati ,,and ,,marries ,,her4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ccxlii4 ,a ,,description ,,of ,,the ,,rainy ,,season4 44444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ccxliii4 ,,vajranabha ,,wants ,,to ,,conquer ,,the ,,celestial ,,region4 ,,chapter ,,ccxliv4 ,,the ,,destruction ,,of ,,vajranabha 4444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ccxlv4 ,,the ,,celestial ,,architect ,,builds ,,dwaraka 44444444444 ,,chapter ,,ccxlvi4 ,,krishna',s ,,entrance ,,into ,,dwaraka ,,and ,,reception4 44 ,,chapter ,,ccxlvii4 ,,krishna ,,invites ,a ,,meeting ,,of ,,his ,,kinsmen4 444444 ,,chapter ,,ccxlviii4 ,,narada ,,describes ,,the ,,feat ,,of ,,krishna4 444444444 ,,chapter ,,ccxlix4 ,,the ,,same ,,subject ,,continued4 444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ccl4 ,,krishna',s ,,children4 44444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ccli4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,pradyumna4 44444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cclii4 ,,battle ,,between ,,pradyumna ,,and ,,shamvara',s ,,sons4 4444 ,,chapter ,,ccliii4 ,,shamvara ,,comes ,,to ,,the ,,battle-,,field4 4444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ccliv4 ,,shamvara',s ,,death4 44444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cclv4 ,,pradyumna ,,goes ,,to ,,dwaraka ,,and ,,his ,,parents ,,recognize ,,him4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cclvi4 ,,baladeva',s ,,mantra ,,for ,,protecting ,,pradyumna4 444444 ,,chapter ,,cclvii4 ,,narada ,,puts ,,questions3 ,,and ,,the ,,mystery ,,is ,,explained4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cclviii4 ,,arjuna ,,describes ,,another ,,wonderful ,,work4 4444444 ,,chapter ,,cclix4 ,,arjuna ,,goes ,,to ,,rescue ,,the ,,brahmana ,,and ,,becomes ,,unsuccessful4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444 ,,chapter ,,cclx4 ,,krishna ,,rescues ,,the ,,brahmana',s ,,sons4 44444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cclxi4 ,,krishna ,,explains ,,the ,,mystery4 44444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cclxii4 ,,krishna',s ,,feats ,,described4 4444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cclxiii4 ,,vana--,,the ,,great ,,asura4 44444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cclxiv4 ,,bhava',s ,,sport ,,and ,,vana',s ,,daughter ,,obtains ,a ,,boon4 ,,chapter ,,cclxv4 ,,usha ,,meets ,,her ,,lover ,,while ,,asleep ,,and ,,exhorts ,,her ,,friends ,,to ,,bring ,,him4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444 ,,chapter ,,cclxvi4 ,,chitralekha ,,unites ,,aniruddha ,,with ,,usha3 ,,aniruddha',s ,,fight ,,with ,,vana',s ,,soldiers4 4444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cclxvii4 ,,the ,,goddess ,,consoles ,,aniruddha4 4444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cclxviii4 ,,anxiety ,,of ,,the ,,yadavas ,,for ,,aniruddha4 444444444 ,,chapter ,,cclxiv4 ,,krishna ,,goes ,,to ,,sonitpura ,,and ,,fights ,,with ,,rudra',s ,,followers ,,on ,,the ,,way4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444 ,,chapter ,,cclxx4 ,,krishna',s ,,battle ,,with ,,jvara 7,,fever74 4444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cclxxi4 ,,krishna',s ,,boon ,,to ,,jvara4 444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cclxxii4 ,,the ,,fight ,,between ,,krishna ,,and ,,shankara4 44444444 ,,chapter ,,cclxxiii4 ,,the ,,earth ,,goes ,,to ,,brahma3 ,,markandeya ,,explains ,,how ,,brahma1 ,,vishnu1 ,,siva ,,are ,,one4 4444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cclxxiv4 ,,kartikeya ,,goes ,,to ,,the ,,battle-,,field4 444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cclxxv4 ,,the ,,battle ,,between ,,vana ,,and ,,krishna4 444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cclxxvi4 ,,krishna ,,finds ,,aniruddha3 ,,gives ,,the ,,kingdom ,,to ,,kumbhanda ,,and ,,fights ,,with ,,varuna ,,for ,,cows4 4444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,cclxxvii4 ,,aniruddha',s ,,wedding ,,and ,,reception4 444444444444 ,,bhavishya ,,parva ,,or ,,the ,,book ,,of ,,future4 4444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,janamejaya',s ,,family4 4444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,vyasa',s ,,presence ,,at ,,janamejaya',s ,,sacrifice4 444444444 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,kali-,,yuga4 444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,kali-,,yuga ,,described4 44444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,v4 ,,indra ,,ravishes ,,vapusthama3 ,,vishwavasu ,,pacifies ,,janamejaya',s ,,wrath4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,janamejaya ,,lives ,,happily3 ,,effect ,,of ,,the ,,rishi',s ,,words4 ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,,the ,,attributes ,,of ,,god4 44444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,,the ,,duration ,,and ,,characteristics ,,of ,,yoga4 444444444 ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,,the ,,work ,,of ,,dissolution ,,described4 444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,x4 ,,the ,,god ,,after ,,dissolution4 444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,,the ,,creation ,,of ,a ,,lotus ,,after ,,dissolution4 4444444444 ,,chapter ,,xii4 ,a ,,description ,,of ,,the ,,earth4 444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xiii4 ,,the ,,world ,,of ,,creation ,,begins3 ,,the ,,birth ,,of ,,madhu ,,and ,,kaitabha4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xiv4 ,,brahma',s ,,creation4 444444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xv4 ,,janamejava's ,,query4 444444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xvi4 ,,the ,,great ,,brahman ,,described4 44444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xvii4 ,,the ,,creation ,,of ,,rivers4 444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xviii4 ,,the ,,creation ,,of ,,gandharvas ,,etc4 444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xix4 ,,kshatra ,,yuga ,,described4 4444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xx4 ,,the ,,fruits ,,of ,,yoga4 444444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxi4 ,,the ,,process ,,of ,,pranayama4 44444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxii4 ,,kurukshetra ,,and ,,the ,,duty ,,of ,,the ,,brahmanas4 44444444 ,,chapter ,,xxiii4 ,,the ,,beginning ,,of ,,fight ,,between ,,devas ,,and ,,daityas4 4 ,,chapter ,,xxiv4 ,,the ,,fight ,,between ,,madhu ,,and ,,vishnu4 444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxv4 ,,vishnu ,,kills ,,madhu4 44444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxvi4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,pirthu ,,and ,,the ,,churning ,,of ,,the ,,ocean4 ,,chapter ,,xxvii4 ,,the ,,destruction ,,of ,,bali4 4444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxviii4 ,,siva ,,obstructs ,,daksha',s ,,sacrifice ,,and ,,hari ,,fights ,,with ,,him4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxix4 ,,the ,,boar ,,incarnation ,,of ,,vishnu4 4444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxx4 ,,the ,,work ,,of ,,creation ,,and ,,upraising ,,of ,,the ,,earth4 444 ,,chapter ,,xxxi4 ,,the ,,creation ,,of ,,mountains ,,and ,,rivers4 4444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxxii4 ,,the ,,creation ,,of ,,the ,,vedas4 44444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxxiii4 ,,various ,,kings ,,are ,,appointed ,,by ,,brahma4 4444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxxiv4 ,,the ,,mountains ,,set ,,asuras ,,fighting ,,with ,,the ,,gods4 4 ,,chapter ,,xxxv4 ,,the ,,lord ,,comes ,,out ,,as ,a ,,boar4 444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxxvi4 ,,release ,,of ,,the ,,celestials4 44444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxxvii4 ,,the ,,man-,,lion ,,incarnation ,,of ,,vishnu ,,hiranyakashipu',s ,,prayer ,,to ,,brahma4 444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxxviii4 ,,the ,,asuras ,,are ,,filled ,,with ,,surprise ,,at ,,seeing ,,the ,,man-,,lion ,,form4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444444 ,,chapter ,,xxxix ,,vishnu ,,kills ,,hiranyakashipu4 4444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xl4 ,,the ,,beginning ,,of ,,the ,,dwarf ,,incarnation3 ,,bali ,,becomes ,,king4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xli4 ,,bali',s ,,prosperity4 444444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xlii4 ,,the ,,gods ,,go ,,to ,,kashyapa ,,for ,,finding ,,out ,,means ,,for ,,the ,,destruction ,,of ,,bali4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xlii4 ,,brahma ,,instructs ,,the ,,devas ,,to ,,go ,,to ,,vishnu4 4444444 ,,chapter ,,xliii4 ,,vishnu ,,promises ,,help ,,to ,,the ,,gods4 4444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xliv4 ,,vishnu',s ,,birth ,,as ,a ,,dwarf4 444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xlv4 ,,bali ,,promises ,,to ,,give ,,lands ,,to ,,the ,,dwarf4 4444444444 ,,chapter ,,xlvi4 ,,the ,,danavas ,,described4 4444444444444444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,xlvii4 ,,the ,,fruits ,,of ,,the ,,recitation ,,of ,,the ,,bharata4 44444 ,,chapter ,,xlviii4 ,,the ,,fruits ,,of ,,the ,,recitation ,,of ,,harivamsha4 44444 ,a ,,prose ,,english ,,translation ,,of ,,harivamsha ,,introduction4 ,harivamsha or the family of ,hari 7,srikrishna7 is properly speaking a sequel of the great ,epic ,mahabharata4 ,the work opens with a request made by ,sounaka to ,souti for an account of the two great clans namely1 ,vrishnis and ,andhakas4 ,he says3--,o son of ,lomaharshana1 while describing the birth and history of the ,kurus you forgot to narrate the history of ,vrishnis and ,andhakas4 ,it becomes you to relate their history4 ,chapter ,i1 ,sloka #i4 ,the work in which an account of the ,kurus is given is undoubtedly the ,mahabharata though we meet with a little confusion in the text1 when it is mentioned as a ,purana4 ,this passage clearly shows that the object of the author is evidently to give a detailed account of the family of ,krishna which is not to be found in ,mahabharata4 ,it is very difficult to ascertain the true nature of this work--whether it is to be called a ,purana or an epic poem4 ,it is not mentioned in the list of ,puranas or ,upapuranas1 though in style1 form and character it resembles the ,puranas4 ,as in the ,puranas and more particularly in ,vishnu ,purana so in ,harivamsha we find an account of creation1 the dimension of the earth1 the division of the time and the history of the patriarchal and regal dynasties4 ,they so much resemble each other that sometimes it appears1 that one is the paraphrase of the other4 ,the account of ,krishna's early life and some of his miracles are merely the counterparts of the same in ,vishnupuran4 ,thus it is evident that though this work is not included in the list of ,puranas it is in reality one of them written with the same object and in the same style4 ,it is called a sequel of the ,mahabharata only because it gives a profuse account of what has been left off in that work4 ,the greatest interest however lies in the fact that it gives an elaborate account of the life of ,srikrishna and as such it is always regarded as an authority4 ,it is almost impossible to ascertain the date of the composition of this work as it is of other ancient ,sanskrit works4 ,we have no regular history of our literatures and there are so many contradictory statements in various works that we cannot safely rely on internal evidence for the solution of the question of date4 ,the popular belief is that ,mahabharata ,ramayna and ,puranas were written long after the ,vedas4 ,but we have references to these works even in the ,vedic literature4 ,in the ,atharva ,veda we have the names of ,itihasa1 ,purana and ,gatha4 ,we meet with another passage in ,satpata ,brhmana wherein ,itihasas and ,puranas have been mentioned4 ,the text is3 ,the ,rig ,veda1 ,sama ,veda1 ,atharva ,veda1 ,itihasis1 ,purana1 ,upanishads1 ,sutras1 ,slokas1 etc4 ,there are many other similar passages which clearly prove that the class of literature passing under the appelation of ,puranas and ,itihasas were in existence even in the ,vedic period4 ,from these statements it is very difficult to arrive at a conclusion when these works were really written4 ,the various episodes of these works passed orally from one generation to another for many centuries before they were committed to writing4 ,and even after this many interpelations had been added by various writers in the shape of references to contemporaneous events4 ,the ancient ,hindu writers were so very modest that they never liked the idea of making their names known as authors4 ,many works written by those unknown writers passed in the names of their ,gurus or spiritual guides4 ,thus from internal evidence it is not safe to make any attempt for the determination of date or authorship4 ,the only safe course is to give an approximate date based upon the development of thought that is to be seen in various works1 making use of the internal evidence as a test for the accuracy of our conclusions4 ,taking a survey of the various departments of ,hindu literature we find that the theory of incarnation and sectarial worship were absolutely unknown to the ,vedic writers and took a very meagre proportion even when the ,ramayana and the ,mahabharata were written4 ,in the ,puranas however we see that the entire theology is based on the doctrine of incarnation-the various sects have their rituals and ceremonies definitely laid down and the caste rules introduced with all their severity and force4 ,besides we also find the doctrines of ,vedanta and ,sankya explained popularly in the shape of episodes4 ,this clearly proves that whatever may be the actual date of the composition of these works they are long posterior to the ,mahabharata and the ,ramayana4 ,from the evidence of style1 the treatment of subject matter1 the account of ,creation and ,patriarchal families it is clear1 that ,harivamsha1 although it is a sequel to the ,mahabharata1 was written long after that great work4 ,if it was not written in the same period when the ,puranas were composed it was not at least written earlier4 ,i have said before that ,harivamsha consists of the life and miracles of ,srikrishna together with an account of his family4 ,i think1 ,i should say a few words whether the central hero of this great work as well as of many other works is a historical person or a myth4 ,foreigners who have no access to the literature of the ,hindus consider him as a creation of imagination1 an ideal of lust4 ,several poetical works and ,brahma ,vaivarta ,purana in the list of ,puranas are responsible for this opinion4 ,any impartial student1 of ,mahabharata and other authentic writings regarding his life1 will admit that he was a real historical personage--a man of wonderful power and superhuman intellect4 ,he was a great politician and a great prophet4 ,such a combination is rare in the history of men4 ,if the battle of ,kurukshetra is a historical incident which many inscriptions prove we fail to see why the central figure should not be a historical character4 ,srikrisna is a grand figure in the history of the ,aryans--his life teems with lofty moral precepts which have been still shedding lustre upon the greatness of our forefathers2 his teachings have been not only swaying over the vast millions of ,india but have arrested the admiration and veneration of the people of the ,west4 ,writers like ,messrs ,dupuis and ,volney have even gone the length of arguing in their respective works that the history of life and miracles of ,christ have been borrowed from those of ,indian ,krishna4 ,if then for many miracles attributed to him he is to be considered a myth1 what claim then can any other prophet have for being considered a historical character whose life also has been interwoven with many such miracles8 ,harivamsha is an account of the life and family of this ,greatest ,prophet of the ,hindus and therefore it is hoped an ,english ,translation of such a work will be welcome to the public4 ,with ,his ,highness' kind permission this ,english ,translation of ,harivamsha ,is most humbly and respectfully dedicated to ,col4 ,h4 ,h4 ,maharajah ,sir ,pertab ,sing1 ,inday ,mahindar ,bahadur ,g4 ,g4 ,s4 ,t4 ,maharajah of ,cashmere ,as a token of appreciation of ,his ,highness' sympathy for ,such works1 his vast scholarship and liberality ,by his most obedient and humble ,servant and admirer ,the author4 ,,harivamsha ,,the ,,prelude4 ,salutation unto ,ganesha4 ,salutation unto ,veda ,vyasa4 ,having saluted ,nryana and the best of male beings ,nara as well as the goddess of learning ,saraswati let us cry success 7#a74 ,what is the use of bathing at the sacred shrine of ,pushkara for him who listens to the recitation of the ,mahbhrata1 dropped off the lips of ,dwaipayana1 wondrous1 destructive of sins1 auspicious and highly sacred 7#b74 ,may ,vyasa1 the son of ,parara and the delighter of ,satyavati1 be crowned with success1 from whose lotus mouth the wordy ambrosia has come down which the world drinks 7#c74 ,he1 who listens to the sacred theme of ,bhrata1 acquires the same fruit with him who makes a gift of a hundred kine with golden horns unto a ,brhmana conversant with the ,vedas and many ,srutis 7#d74 ,by making a gift of ,harivamsha a man acquires far more everlasting piety than what is acquired by the celebration of a hundred horse sacrifices1 or by the distribution of inexhaustive food1 or by doing what secures the dignity of ,indra4 ,this has been recounted by the great ,rishi ,vyasa 7#e74 ,this bestows the same fruit as is given by ,bajpeya or ,rjashuya ,yagnas or by making a gift of a car with elephants4 ,vyasa's word is the proof hereof and this has also been said by the great ,rishi ,vlmiki 7#f74 ,the great ascetic1 who duly commits to writing ,harivamsha1 speedily approaches the lotus-feet of ,hari like a bee moving towards a lotus1 drawn by the smell of honey 7#g74 ,i consider ,dwaipyana as the supreme cause of all1 who is the sixth in descent from ,brahm1 who is a ,rishi endued with eternal spiritual greatness1 who has descended from a portion of ,nryana and who has only ,suka for his son 7#h74 ,the deity ,ganesha1 according to the ,hindus1 confers the accomplishment of all objects4 ,it is customary with them to offer him worship at the beginning of every ceremony1 ,vyasa is a generic term meaning compiler4 ,here it refers to the person who arranged the ,vedas and compiled the ,puranas4 ,it is a lake situated in the ,district of ,ajmir1 ,marwar1 where thousands of pilgrims resort every year for bathing4 ,a particular sacrifice at which the acetous fermentation of meat and water is drunk by the gods4 ,a sacrifice at which all the tributary kings assemble to pay homage to their ,emperor4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,the ,,primeval ,,creation ,having saluted ,hari1 the master of senses and the preceptor or the mobile and immobile1 the ,prime ,purusha ,icna1 who is eulogised and propitiated with oblations by many in sacrifices1 who is real1 who is ,brahman1 shorn of all attachments1 is both manifest and not manifest1 who does exist for ever1 who is above the real and unreal and from whom has emanated this universe1 visible and invisible1 who is above all1 the creator of all1 ancient1 great and undecaying2 who is joy and the giver of joy1 who is ,vishnu1 the worshipful of all1 sinless and pure1 the virtuous-souled great ,muni ,kulapati ,sounaka1 well-read in all scriptures1 said to ,souti in the forest of ,naimisha 7#a-d74 ,sounakla said3--,o ,souti1 you have recounted the great history of the descendants of ,bharata as well as that of other kings2 of the gods1 demons1 ,gandharvas1 serpents1 ,rkshasas1 ,daityas1 ,siddhas and of ,guhyakas as well 7#e-f74 ,you have described in sweet words the most excellent and sacred ,purna1 dealing with their wondrous deeds1 heroic feats and religious practices and their births4 ,this nectarine theme1 affording pleasure unto the mind and ears1 ,o ,souti1 has given us satisfaction4 ,o son of ,lomaharshana1 while describing the birth and history of the ,kurus1 you forgot to narrate the history of ,vrishnis and ,andhakas4 ,it becomes you to relate their history 7#g-i74 ,souti said3--,i shall now relate to you the story of the birth of ,vrishnis from the very beginning about which the pious disciples of ,vyasa1 ,vaishampyana was accosted by ,janamejaya 7#aj74 ,hearing the complete history of the descendants of ,bharata1 the highly wise ,janamejaya1 born in their race1 said to ,vaishampyana 7#aa74 ,janemejaya said3--,you described before in full and ,i heard the story of ,mahbhrata full of many meanings and ,historical accounts 7#ab74 ,therein you mentioned the names and deeds of many mighty car-warriors and heroes of the ,vrishni and ,andhaka families 7#ac74 ,o foremost of the twice born1 you have described briefly and fully their many excellent deeds 7#ad74 ,though this ancient story has been recounted again and again1 still ,i have not been satiated with it4 ,the ,pndavas and ,vrishnis are related to each other2 you are competent enough to describe their families and you have with your own eyes seen everything4 ,therefore1 ,o you having asceticism for your wealth1 do you describe their family at length 7#ae-af74 ,i wish to know who were born in which families4 ,therefore1 ,o great ascetic1 beginning with the ,patriarch and recollecting their previous creations1 do you describe truly everything at length 7#ag74 ,souti said3--,having been welcomed and accosted by him1 the high-souled ascetic of rigid austerities described in full the whole story from the very beginning 7#ah74 ,vaishampayana said3--,listen1 ,o king1 to the sacred theme1 as narrated by me1 heavenly1 destructive of sins1 wonderful and abounding in various meanings and sacred stories 7#ai74 ,he1 who circulates this story or listens to it constantly1 multiplies his own family and is spoken high of in the celestial region 7#bj74 ,this universe1 permeated by ,isvara 7,god71 emanated from ,pradhna ,purusha who is the unmanifest cause1 eternal and identical with the existent and non-existent 7#ba74 ,know him1 ,o monarch1 as ,brahm 7,creator7 of incomparable energy1 the creator of all beings and ever devoted to ,nryana 7,vishnu7 7#bb74 ,from ,mahat has emanated ,ahankara2 from the latter the five subtle elements have sprung and from them the grosser elements3 thus the eternal work of creation is carried on4 ,hear1 ,i shall relate as ,i have heard and as ,i think1 of the long extending genealogies of families increasing the glory of their fore-fathers 7#bc-bd74 ,the account of these pious men of everlasting glory always gives fruit and leads to the multiplication of race and attainment of heaven 7#be74 ,on account of this theme being fruitful and because you are competent to hear it and are pure ,i shall relate1 to you1 beginning with the family of ,vrishnis the most excellent creation of beings 7#bf74 ,thereupon desirous of creating various creatures the ,divine ,self-sprung 7,brahm7 at first created waters and then created seeds therein 7#bg74 ,the waters are designated as ,nr for they are the offspring of ,nara4 ,the deity first rested thereon and is therefore called ,nryana 7#bh74 ,the egg1 lying in the waters1 assumed golden hue--from that sprang ,brahm1 of his own accord and he is 7therefore7 called ,self-sprung 7#bi74 ,having lived there for many years the divine ,hiranyagarbha divided the egg into two and they were called the heaven and earth 7#cj74 ,the ,lord created ,aksa or space between the two portions and in the waters he created the floating earth and the ten quarters 7#ca74 ,there-upon desirous of creating the ,patriarchs or lords of creation he created time1 mind1 speech1 passion1 anger and desire 7#cb74 ,the highly effulgent deity then created his seven mind-born sons--,marichi1 ,atri1 ,angiras1 ,pulastya1 ,pulaha1 ,kratu and ,vashistha4 7#cc74 ,these seven have been ascertained as ,brhmanas in the ,puranas4 ,these seven created by ,brahm1 are like ,nryana himself 7#cd74 ,there-upon ,brahm created ,rudra born of his anger and ,sanat ,kumar1 the predecessor of those born before 7#ce74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 these seven and ,rudra engaged in the work of creation4 ,skanda and ,sanat ,kumar sustained the energy of creation 7#cf74 ,their seven great families consisted of ,yakshas1 ,pishachas1 the celestials and others who all performed heavenly deeds and created progeny and were adorned with ,kayapa and other leading saints 7#cg74 ,he then created lightning1 thunderbolt1 the straight and bent rainbows1 the rangers of the sky and clouds 7#ch74 ,he1 then for the successful celebration of ,paynas1 created ,riks1 ,yuyush and ,sman2 he then created the gods from his mouth and the ancestral manes from his breast 7#ci74 ,he then engendered human beings from his organ of generation and from his hips the ,asuras1 ,sdhyas and other classes of gods4 ,this we have heard 7#dj74 ,from the body of the ,patriarch ,vashishtha when he was desirous of creating progeny1 sprang the various kinds of elemental creations 7#da74 ,when the progeny1 created by his mind1 did not multiply he divided his own body into two and with the half he created man 7#db74 ,with the other half he created woman and through her he engendered various kinds of progeny4 ,he resides enveloping the heaven and earth with his own glory 7#dc74 ,vishnu created a universal form which again created a ,purusha3 ,you should know him as ,manu and his regeme is known as ,manwantara 7#dd74 ,the second creation of ,washishtha is called ,manwantara4 ,the great ,virat ,purusha created the progeny4 ,he is the creation of ,nryana and his progeny are not born in any sex 7#de74 ,having known this primaeval creation a man gains longevity1 fame1 wealth1 progeny and his wished-for region 7#df74 ,the head of the family of ,rishis of the same name4 ,two clans representing two royal families of ancient ,india4 ,according to ,sankhya ,mahat is the intellect4 ,it is the intellectual principle which appertains to individual beings4 ,ahankara is self consciousness or the consciousness of ego4 ,the five subtle elements are ,akasa or ether1 air1 fire1 water and earth4 ,by them are produced the four kinds of grosser elements such as ,viviparous born from the womb as man and other animals2 oviparous1 or born of the egg as birds1 fishes and serpents2 those engendered by heat and damp as insects and worms2 and those springing from the earth--as vegetables1 trees c4 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,the ,,origin ,,of ,,men3 ,,the ,,birth ,,of ,,daksha4 ,vaishampayana said3--,when the work of his creation of progeny was complete the ,patriarch ,vashishtha obtained ,shatarup1 not born of a woman1 as his spouse 7#a74 ,while he resided covering the etherial region1 he created ,shatarup1 ,o monarch1 by his greatness and ,yoga power 7#b74 ,having carried on rigid austerities for a million of years she obtained her husband of burning asceticism 7#c74 ,that ,purusha1 ,o my child1 is called ,swayambhuva ,manu4 ,his own ,manwantara in this world consists of seventy-one ,yugas 7#d74 ,the ,universal ,purusha begat on ,shatarup a son by name ,veera who begat on ,kmy two sons by name ,pryavrata and ,uttnapda 7#e74 ,kmy1 the daughter of the ,patriarch ,kardama1 gave birth to four sons1 ,o you of large arms1 namely ,samrt1 ,kukshi1 ,virt1 and ,prabhu4 ,obtaining ,pryavrata as her husband she gave birth to them 7#f7 ,the ,patriarch ,atri adopted ,uttnapda as his son4 ,sunrit gave birth to four sons through ,uttnapda 7#g74 ,the youthful daughter of ,dharma was known as ,sunrit4 ,she originated from a horse sacrifice and that pure damsel was the mother of ,dhruva 7#h74 ,the ,patriarch ,uttanapda begat on ,sunrit1 four sons by name1 ,dhruva1 ,kirtiman1 ,ayushmn1 and ,vasu 7#i74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 ,o monarch1 with a view to obtain the great ,brahman1 ,vishnu1 ,dhruva carried on hard austerities for three thousand celestial years 7#aj74 ,being propitiated the ,patriarch ,brahm conferred on him a permanent region1 peerless on earth1 in the front of the region of the seven ,rishis 7#aa74 ,beholding his great prosperity and greatness the preceptor of the gods and demons1 7,ushan7 sang the following hymn 7#ab74 ,oh1 wonderful is his energy of asceticism1 knowledge of scriptures and prowess1 placing whom before them the seven ,rishis are living 7#ac74 ,from ,dhruva were born ,shlishthi1 ,bhavya and ,shumbha4 ,shlishthi begat on ,suchay seven sinless sons 7#ad74 ,they were ,ripu1 ,ripunjaya1 ,pushpa1 ,vrikala and ,vrikatej4 ,ripu begat on ,vrihati1 a son1 gifted with all energies1 by the name of ,chkshusha 7#ae74 ,the noble ,chkshusha begat ,muni on ,pushkarini1 a mother of heroes and the daughter of the ,patriarch ,aranya 7#af74 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 ,muni begat ten highly powerful sons on ,nadval1 the daughter of the ,patriarch ,vairaj 7#ag71 ,uru1 ,puru1 ,shata dyumna1 ,tapaswi1 ,satyavn1 ,kavi1 ,agnistut and ,atirtra2 and ,sudyumna was the ninth 7#ah74 ,the tenth was ,abhimanyu2 these were the sons of ,nadval4 ,uru begat on ,agneyi six highly powerful sons-,anga1 ,sumanas1 ,swati1 ,kratu1 ,angiras and ,gaya 7#ai74 ,anga begat only one son on ,sunith1 by name ,vena4 ,by the irregularities of ,vena 7the ,rishis7 were highly irritated 7#bj74 ,for creating progeny the ,rishis churned his right arm4 ,when ,vena's right arm was churned by the ascetics1 therefrom originated ,prithu 7#ba74 ,seeing him the ,rishis said in delight1 ,this highly powerful one will delight his subjects and will attain to fame 7#bb74 ,as if burning all with his energy he took his birth with a bow and a coat of mail4 ,born first in the race of ,kshatriyas1 ,vena's son ,prithu protected this earth 7#bc74 ,that lord of the earth was the first born of those who are sprinkled with water at the ,rajshuya sacrifices4 ,for him were born ,suta and ,magadha1 experts in singing the glories of kings 7#bd74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 to give livelihood to his subjects by him the earth was milched for corns in the company of the gods1 ,rishis1 the ancestral manes1 ,dnavas1 ,gandharvas1 ,apsars1 serpents1 ,guyakas1 creepers and mountains 7#be-bf74 ,when milched the earth gave wished-for milk in their respective vessels2 by it they maintain their lives 7#bg74 ,two sons1 conversant with religion1 were born to ,prithu1 ,antardhi and ,plita4 ,antardhi begat ,havirdhna on ,shikhandin 7#bh74 ,havirdhana begat on ,agneyidhishan six sons--,prchina varhis1 ,sukra1 ,gaya1 ,krishna1 ,vraja and ,ajina 7#bi74 ,thus ,o monarch1 ,prchinavarhis1 gifted with great spiritual power1 was born of ,havirdhna4 ,he was a great ,patriarch and multiplied the progeny 7#cj74 ,o ,janamejaya1 the tips1 of the ,kua grass in his sacrificial ground1 were directed towards the east and they covered the entire earth4 ,and therefore he was celebrated by the name of ,prchinavarhis 7#ca74 ,having carried on great austerities that king espoused ,savarn the daughter of the ocean1 who gave birth to ten sons for ,prchinavarhis who were all called ,prachetas and had mastered the science of archery 7#cb-cc74 ,observing the same religion and lying in the waters of the ocean they carried on great austerities for ten thousand years 7#cd74 ,when the ,prachetas were engaged in carrying on penances the trees covered the unprotected earth and so the creatures were being destroyed 7#ce74 ,the wind could not blow and the sky was covered with trees4 ,the creatures could set forth no exertion for ten thousand years 7#cf74 ,perceiving this and getting angry all those ,prachetas1 observant of rigid austerities1 created air and fire from their mouths 7#cg74 ,having uprooted those trees the wind dried them up and the fire then burnt them up--thus their was a dreadful destruction of trees 7#ch74 ,informed of the destruction of trees and when a few plants still survived the king ,soma1 approaching the ,patriarchs1 said 7#ci74 ,o ,ye kings of the family of ,prchinavarhis1 do ye control your anger4 ,the earth is shorn of trees and so let fire and air be pacified 7#dj74 ,this beautiful daughter of the trees is like a jewel4 ,knowing the future ,i begat her 7#da74 ,this girl is called ,marish and is created for the trees4 ,let this great one1 multiplying the race of ,soma1 be your wife 7#db74 ,by the half of your energy and that of mine1 your son1 the ,patriarch ,daksha will be born of her 7#dc74 ,that one1 effulgent like fire1 will multiply the creation well-nigh destroyed by your fire-like energy 7#dd74 ,thereupon in accordance with the words of ,soma restraining their anger against the trees the ,prachetas duly married ,marisha 7#de74 ,then they all mentally thought of conception in ,marisha4 ,o ,bhrata1 the ,patriarch ,daksha was born of ,marisha through the tenth ,prachetas with a portion of ,soma's energy 7#df74 ,then to multiply the race of ,soma he created various offspring1 mobile1 immobile1 two legged and four legged sons4 ,having created mentally first the sons ,daksha created his daughters 7#dg74 ,of them ,dharma espoused ten and ,kagyapa thirteen4 ,the ,lord ,daksha then conferred on the king ,soma the remaining ones called ,nakshatras or planets 7#dh71 ,they gave birth to gods1 sky-rangers1 cows1 ,nagas1 ,danavas1 ,gandharvas1 ,apsaras and various other beings 7#di74 ,since then1 ,o king1 creatures are being engendered by sexual intercourse4 ,their predecessors were created by 7mere7 thinking1 seeing and touching 7#ej74 ,janemejaya said3--,you had described before the birth of the gods1 demons1 ,gandharvas1 serpents and ,rakshasas as well as that of the high-souled ,daksha 7#ea74 ,o sinless one1 you have said that ,daksha sprang from the right thumb of ,brahm and his wife from the left4 ,how could they then enter into a matrimonial alliance8 7#eb7 ,how could the great ascetic ,daksha attain to the energy of ,prachetas8 ,being a grand-son of ,soma how could he become his father-in-law8 ,i have grave doubts in this1 ,o ,vipra1 it behoves you to remove them 7#ec74 ,vaishampayana said3--,origin and destruction are always present in the elemental creation4 ,the ,rishis and the wise are not bewildered at it 7#ed74 ,o king1 the ,dakshas are born in every yuga4 ,there is one ,daksha in one yuga and another in another4 ,the learned make no mistakes in it 7#ee74 ,o king1 there was formerly no priority of birth among them--they were considered elder by asceticism and their prowess was the cause thereof 7#ef74 ,he1 who knows the mobile and immobile creation of ,daksha1 gets offspring and when the lease of his life runs out is worshipped in the celestial region 7#eg74 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,various ,,families2 ,,daksha',s ,,offspring4 ,janamejaya said3--,o ,vaishampyana1 do thou describe at length the origin of the gods1 ,dnavas1 ,gandharvas1 serpents and ,rakshasas 7#a74 ,vaishampyana said3--,o king1 hear how ,daksha created progeny when he was commanded by ,swayambhuva1 saying create progeny4 7#b7 ,the capable ,daksha first created his mental offspring--the ,rishis1 gods1 ,gandharvas1 ,asuras1 ,rkshasas1 ,yakshas1 goblins1 ,pishchas1 beasts1 birds1 and reptiles 7#c74 ,when this his mind-born creation did not multiply1 for such was the thought of the intelligent ,mahdeva1 the ,patriarch1 thinking again of the multiplication of his creation and desirous of creating progeny by sexual intercourse1 married ,asniki1 the daughter of the ,patriarch ,virana1 engaged in a penance for a son and capable of giving birth to a great race 7#d-f74 ,thereupon the energetic ,patriarch ,daksha begat five thousand sons on ,asniki1 the daughter of ,virana 7#g74 ,beholding those great men desirous of multiplying progeny1 the celestial saint ,nrada1 ever fond of carrying news1 for their destruction and for his own imprecation1 said 7#h74 ,afraid of ,daksha and his imprecation the ascetic ,kayapa begat on his daughter the same celestial saint ,nrada who had been begotten by ,brahm 7#i74 ,nrada was formerly begotten by ,brahm2 and then that foremost of celestial saints 7,kayapa7 again begat that best of ascetics on ,asniki1 daughter of ,virana 7#aj74 ,undoubtedly by him the sons of ,daksha1 celebrated under the name of ,haryaswas were freed from attachment to body through scriptural knowledge and rendered invisible 7#aa74 ,when ,daksha1 of immeasurable prowess1 was ready to destroy ,nrada1 ,parameshti 7,brahm71 with leading saints before him1 begged him 7not to do it7 7#ab74 ,thereupon ,daksha made this contract with ,parameshti that his son ,nrada would be born as the son of his 7,daksha's7 daughter 7#ac74 ,thereupon ,daksha gave away his daughter unto ,parameshti3 and the ,rishi1 in fear of the imprecation of ,daksha1 begat ,nrada on her 7#ad74 ,janamejaya said3--,o foremost of the twice-born1 ,i wish to hear truly why ,daksha's sons were killed by the great saint ,nrada 7#ae74 ,vaishampyana said3--,when the highly energetic sons of ,daksha called ,haryaswas came there with a view to multiply the progeny ,nrada said to them 7#ai71 ,o ye sons of ,daksha1 how stupid you are all1 since you do not know the cause of all and still desire to create progeny2 with out knowing him who is in heaven1 earth and nether region how do you wish to create progeny8 7#ag7 ,hearing his words those descendants of ,daksha1 without caring for each other1 repaired to various directions to see the cause of all 7#ah74 ,having restrained vital airs1 and attained to the pure ,brahman they secured emancipation4 ,even now they have not returned like the rivers from the ocean 7#ai74 ,when the ,haryaswas were thus lost sight of1 ,daksha1 the son of ,prachetas1 capable of creating progeny1 again begat one thousand sons on the daughter of ,virana 7#bj74 ,when those ,shavalashwas were again desirous of multiplying progeny they were addressed by ,narada with the self-same words 7#ba74 ,they then spoke amongst themselves1 ,the great saint ,nrada has spoken the just thing4 ,we should follow the footsteps of our brothers2 there is no doubt about that 7#bb74 ,learning the dimension of the earth1 we will1 at ease and with whole minded attention1 create progeny in due order 7#bc74 ,they1 by the same way1 repaired to various directions4 ,even now they have not returned like the rivers from the ocean 7#bd74 ,when the ,shavalshwas too were lost sight of1 ,daksha1 possessed by anger1 said to ,nrada3--,do thou meet with destruction and experience the pain of living in the womb 7#be74 ,since then1 ,o king1 if a brother issues out in quest of another he meets with destruction4 ,so the learned should not do it 7#bf74 ,knowing his sons thus exiled and destroyed the ,patriarch ,daksha again begat sixty daughters on the daughter of ,virana4 ,this we have heard 7#bg74 ,o descendant of ,kuru1 the ,patriarch ,kayapa1 the ,moon1 ,dharma and other ,rishis took their wives from among those daughters of ,daksha 7#bh74 ,of them ,daksha conferred ten on ,dharma1 thirteen on ,kayapa1 twenty seven on the ,moon1 four on ,arishtanemi1 two on ,vahuputra1 two on ,angiras and two on the learned ,krisshwa4 ,hear from me their names 7#bi-cj74 ,arundhuti1 ,vasu1 ,yami1 ,lamv1 ,bhnu1 ,marutvati1 ,sankalpa ,muhurta1 ,sdhy and ,vishw1 these ten1 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 were the wives of ,dharma4 ,hear from me of their offspring 7#ca74 ,vishwadevas were the sons of ,vishw and ,sdhy gave birth to ,sdhyas4 ,marutvati was the mother of ,maruts and ,vsus were the sons of ,vasu 7#cb74 ,bhnus were the sons of ,bhnu and the ,muhurttas of ,muhurtta 7#cc74 ,gosha was born of ,lamv and ,ngavithi of ,yami4 ,arundhuti gave birth to all the herbs of the earth 7#cd74 ,the ,deity of determination1 the soul of all1 took his birth from ,sankalpa and ,vrihalamva took his birth from ,ngabitha 7#ce74 ,o king1 all the daughters1 whom ,daksha conferred on the ,moon1 have been celebrated by the name of ,nakshatras or planets in astrology 7#cf74 ,the celestials1 who have profuse effulgence before them1 were celebrated by the name of eight ,vasus4 ,i will mention their names at length 7#cg74 ,apa1 ,dhruva1 ,soma1 ,dhara1 ,anila1 ,anala1 ,pratyusha1 and ,pravasha--these eight are known as eight ,vasus 7#ch71 ,apa's sons were ,vaitandya1 ,srnta and ,muni4 ,dhruva's son was the ,divine ,kla1 the destroyer of creatures 7#ci74 ,soma's son was the ,divine ,varchas who begat ,varcaaswi4 ,dhara's son was ,dravina the carrier of sacrificial oblations4 ,he begat on his wife ,manohar1 ,sishira1 ,prna and ,ramana 7#dj74 ,anila's wife was ,shiv whose son was ,manojava4 ,anila1 whose course is not known1 had two sons 7#da74 ,agni's son ,kumara shone in the thickets of ,sara grass4 ,his names are ,shakha1 ,vishakha1 ,naigameya and ,prishthaja 7#db74 ,and on account of his being an offspring of ,kirtiks he was called ,kartikeya3 ,with the fourth part of his energy ,agni created ,skanda and ,sanat ,kumar 7#dc74 ,pratyusha's son was the ,rishi ,devala whose two sons were forgiving and observant of hard austerities 7#dd74 ,shorn of attachment ,vrihaspati's sister1 the beautiful ,yogasiddh1 who led a life of celibacy1 ranged all over the earth 7#de74 ,she became the wife of the eighth ,vasu ,prabhasa4 ,the noble ,patriarch ,vishwakarma was born of her 7#df74 ,he made chariots for the celestials1 was their architect1 the maker of thousands of fine things and dresses and the foremost of artizans4 ,adopting his art as their profession mankind are now making their livelihoods 7#dg-dh74 ,by the grace of ,siva and having her heart purified by virtue of asceticism1 ,surabhi gave birth1 through ,kayapa1 to the eleventh ,rudra 7#di74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 ,ajaikapt1 ,ahir-,budhna1 ,rudrashwa1 ,tasta1 ,srimn and ,vishwarupa1 those were the highly illustrious sons of ,tastu 7#ej74 ,hara1 ,vahurupa1 ,tryamvaka1 ,aparjita1 ,vrishkapi1 ,sambhu1 ,kapardi1 ,raivata1 ,mrigavyadha1 ,sarpa and ,kapli--these are known as the eleven ,rudras who lord over the three worlds 7#ea-eb74 ,o foremost of ,bhratas1 in ,purnas1 hundreds1 of such ,rudras of incomparable energy1 have been mentioned who have spread over the mobile and immobile creation 7#ec74 ,o foremost of ,bhratas1 hear from me of the wives of ,kayapa who have spread over all the worlds3 ,they are ,aditi1 ,diti1 ,dana1 ,aristha1 ,surav1 ,surabhi1 ,vinat1 ,tmr1 ,krodhavash1 ,ir1 ,kadru1 ,muni and ,swas2 hear now of their offspring 7#ed-ee74 ,in the previous ,manwantara they were twelve leading celestials4 ,in the ,manwantara of ,vaivaswata they used to address one another by the name of ,tushita 7#ef74 ,during the reign of the present highly illustrious ,manu ,chakshusha1 they all assembled together for the benefit of all creatures and said 7#eg74 ,let us all enter into the womb of ,aditi to be born in the ,manwantara of ,vaivaswata and we will attain well-being 7#eh74 ,vaishampyana said3--,having said this during the ,manwantara of ,manu ,chakshusha1 they were begotten on ,aditi1 daughter of ,daksha by ,kagyapa the son of ,marichi 7#ei74 ,sakra and ,vishnu were also born of her4 ,besides1 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 ,aryam1 ,dht1 ,twast1 ,push1 ,vivashmn1 ,savit1 ,mitra1 ,varuna1 ,ansha1 and the highly effulgent ,bhaga--these eight were also born of ,aditi2 so it is said 7#fj-fa74 ,those who passed by the name of ,tushita during the ,manwantara of ,chakshusha were known as twelve ,adityas during the ,manwantara of ,vaivaswata 7#fb74 ,the twenty seven wives of ,soma1 observant of vows and of incomparable energy1 gave birth to luminous bodies as their offspring 7#fc74 ,arishthanemi's wives had sixteen sons4 ,the learned ,patriarch ,vahuputra had four sons3--,vidyut 7lightning71 ,aani 7thunder-bolt71 ,megha 7cloud7 and ,indradhanu 7rain-bow7 7#fd74 ,the best of works ,riks originated from ,pratyangiras and the celestial saint ,krishswa begat deities presiding over various celestial weapons 7#fe74 ,o child1 these deities take their births again after a thousand ,yugas4 ,of them thirty three take birth of their own accord 7#ff74 ,as in this world the sun rises and sets1 so ,o king1 the origin and disappearance of all these gods are also mentioned4 ,they appear and disappear at every ,yuga 7#fg-fh74 ,kayapa begat on ,diti two sons1 the powerful ,hiranyakashipu and ,hiranyaksha4 ,this we have heard 7#fi74 ,he had a daughter 7also7 by name ,sinhik whom ,viprachitti espoused4 ,her highly powerful sons were celebrated by the name of ,saihinkeyas4 ,it is said1 ,o king1 that their number was ten thousand 7#gj74 ,they had1 ,o thou having mighty arms1 hundreds and thousands of sons and grandsons4 ,hear now from me of the children of ,hiranykashipu 7#ga74 ,he had four sons of well-known prowess--,anurhda1 ,hrda1 and the energetic ,pralhda 7#gb74 ,and ,sanghrda was the fourth4 ,hrda's son was ,hrada4 ,sangrada's sons were ,sunda and ,nisunda 7#gc74 ,anurahada's sons were ,ayu1 ,sivi and ,kla4 ,virochana was ,pralhada's son2 and his son was ,vali 7#gd74 ,o king1 ,vali had a hundred sons1 of whom ,vna was the eldest4 ,dhritarashtra1 ,surya1 ,chandram1 ,indratapana1 ,kumbhanabha1 ,gardhabhaksha1 ,kukshi and others were their names4 ,of them ,vna was the eldest1 powerful and a beloved votary of ,paupati 7#ge-gf74 ,in the previous ,kalpa1 ,vna1 having propitiated the ,divine ,lord of ,uma1 prayed to him for the boon ,i shall remain by your side4 7#gg74 ,vna begat on his wife ,lohita1 a son1 by name ,indradamana4 ,hundreds and thousands of ,asuras yielded to his power 7#gh74 ,the five sons of ,hiranyaksha were learned and highly powerful--they were ,jarjara1 ,sakuni1 ,bhutasantpana1 the powerful ,mahnbha and ,klanabha4 ,hundred sons of dreadful prowess were born to ,danu4 ,they were all ascetic and endued with great energy4 ,hear their names in order of precedence 7#gi-hj74 ,dwimurdh1 ,shakuni1 ,shankushira1 ,vibhu1 ,shankukarna1 ,virava1 ,gaveshtha1 ,dundubhi1 ,ayomukha1 ,shamvara1 ,kapila1 ,vmana ,marichi1 ,maghavna1 ,ira1 ,vrika1 ,vikshovana1 ,ketu1 ,ketuvirya1 ,shatahrada1 ,indrajit1 ,satyajit1 ,vajranbha1 the powerful ,mahnbha1 ,klanabha ,ekachakra1 the highly powerful and mighty-armed ,taraka1 ,vaishvanara1 ,pulom1 ,victravana1 ,mahsura1 ,swarbhanu1 ,vrishaparva1 the great ,asura ,tuhunda1 ,sukhshma1 ,nichandra1 ,urnanabha1 ,mahgiri1 ,asilom1 ,sukeshi1 ,shatha1 ,valaka1 ,mada1 ,gaganamurdha1 the great ascetic ,kumbhanbha1 ,pramada1 ,daya1 ,kupatha1 the energetic ,hayagriva1 ,vaisripa1 ,virupaksha1 ,supatha1 ,hara1 ,ahara1 ,hiranyakashipu1 ,salya and the energetic ,viprachitta--these sons of ,danu were begotten by ,kayapa4 ,amongst those highly powerful ,dinavas ,viprachitta was the head 7#ha-hi74 ,o king1 ,i cannot enumerate the offspring1 sons and grandsons1 of all these ,dnavas 7#ij74 ,sarvana's daughter was ,prabh1 ,puloma's daughter was ,sachi1 ,hayasira's daughter was ,upadnavi and ,vrishaparva's daughter was ,sharmishth 7#ia74 ,vaishwnara had two daughters ,pulom and ,kalik-they were both highly powerful1 gave birth to many children and were the wives of ,kayapa1 the son of ,marichi 7#ib74 ,they gave birth to sixty thousand ,dnavas2 of them fourteen thousand lived in the city of ,hiranya 7#ic74 ,being observant of rigid austerities ,kayapa begat highly powerful ,dnavas called ,poulamas and ,klakeys 7#id74 ,those living in the city of ,hiranya were placed by ,brahm above destruction even by the gods4 ,they were afterwards killed by ,savyasachi in battle 7#ie74 ,nahusha was ,prabh's son1 ,jayanta was ,sachi's son1 ,sarmisth gave birth to ,puru and ,upadnavi gave birth to ,dushmanta 7#if74 ,viprachitta begat on ,singhik another class of highly dreadful ,dnavas 7#ig74 ,by the union of ,daity and ,danava energies they grew of dreadful prowess4 ,those thirteen highly powerful ,dnavas were celebrated by the name of ,sainghikeyas 7#ih74 ,they were the powerful ,aisha1 ,nabha1 ,vala1 ,vatpi1 ,namuchi1 ,ilvala1 ,khasrima1 ,anjika1 ,naraka1 ,klanbha1 ,shara1 ,potarana1 and the energetic ,vajranbha 7#ii-ajj74 ,of them ,rhu1 the represser of the sun and the moon1 was the eldest4 ,hrda had two sons1 ,suka and ,tuhunda 7#aja74 ,sunda begat on ,traka a son by name ,mrachi1 another 7by name7 ,sivamana1 energetic like a celestial 7#ajb74 ,all these ,dnavas1 multiplying the race of ,danu1 were great4 ,their sons and grandsons were hundreds and thousands in number 7#ajc74 ,the noble ,nivtakavachas endued with great asceticism were born in the race of the ,daitya ,sanghrda7#ajd74 ,those ,danavas1 living in the city of ,manimati1 begat three ,koti offspring4 ,the gods could not destroy them and they were slain by ,arjuna 7#aje74 ,it is said that ,tmr gave birth to six highly powerful daughters--,kake1 ,sweni1 ,bhsi1 ,sugrivi1 ,suchi1 and ,gidhrika 7#ajf74 ,kki gave birth to crows1 ,uluki to owls1 ,sweni to ,swena birds1 ,bhsi to ,bhsa birds1 ,gidhri to vultures1 ,suchi to waterfowls and ,sugrivi to horses1 camels and asses4 ,such is the description of ,tmr's family 7#ajg-ajh74 ,vinata had two sons1 ,aruna and ,garuda4 ,suparna1 the foremost of birds1 grew immensely powerful by his own action 7#aji74 ,suras gave birth to a thousand highly powerful serpents and high-souled sky-rangers of many heads 7#aaj74 ,powerful1 and many headed ,nagas endued with immeasurable energy1 the offspring of ,kadru1 were born as being subject to ,suparna 7#aaa74 ,amongst them ,sesha1 ,vsuki1 ,takshaka1 ,airavata1 ,mahpadma1 ,kamvala1 ,aswatara1 ,ekapatra1 ,shankha1 ,karko taka1 ,dhananjya1 ,mohneela1 ,mahkarna1 ,dhritarashtra1 ,valhaka1 ,kuhara1 ,pushpapangstra1 ,durmukha1 ,sumukha1 ,shankhapala1 ,kapil1 ,vmana1 ,nahusha1 ,sangkaroma and ,manu were the heads4 ,fourteen thousand sons and grand sons of these dreadful serpents were devoured by ,garuda1 living on serpents4 ,know this class to be full of anger4 ,all animals having teeth1 those born on land1 birds and those produced by water are the offspring of ,dhara4 ,surabhi gave birth to kine and buffaloes 7#aab-aag74 ,ira produced trees1 creepers1 groves and all kinds of grasses and ,khasa gave birth to ,yakshas1 ,rakshas1 ,munis and ,apsars 7#aah74 ,aristha gave birth to the powerful ,gandharvas of unmitigated prowess and the mobile and immobile creation is said to have originated from ,kayapa 7#aai74 ,hundreds and thousands of sons and grandsons have been born to them4 ,such was the creation1 ,o my child1 in ,swarochisha ,manwantara 7#abj74 ,i shall now describe to you the creation of the ,patriarch ,brahm who offered oblation to fire at the long-extending sacrifice of ,varuna in ,vaivaswata ,manwantara 7#aba74 ,formerly when seven ,rishis were procreated by his mind the grand-father considered them as his sons 7#abb74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 when the conflict between the gods and demons raged on1 ,diti1 who had her sons slain1 began to propitiate ,kayapa 7#abc74 ,being duly adored by her and propitiated1 ,kayapa pleased her by giving a boon4 ,she too prayed for a highly powerful son for killing ,indra4 ,that great ascetic1 when thus begged1 conferred on her the same boon 7#abd-abe74 ,having conferred on her the boon without the least anxiety the son of ,marichi said3--,if being pure and observant of vows you can hold your conception for one hundred years you will give birth to such a son as will slay ,indra 7#abf-abg74 ,o monarch1 saying so be it and being pure ,diti obtained her conception from her that great ascetic husband 7#abh74 ,thinking of one of the leadings gods of immeasurable power and infusing energy which the immortals even can not destroy he knew ,diti4 ,then that one of great vows repaired to a hilly region for carrying on penances 7#abi-acj74 ,from that day the slayer of ,pka 7,indra7 began to seek her fault4 ,one day before hundred years were complete ,diti1 without washing her feet1 lay down on her bed4 ,beholding her impure state the king of gods entered into her abdomen and made her asleep 7#aca-acb74 ,then the holder of thunderbolt sundered the embryo into seven pieces4 ,cut into pieces with the thunderbolt the embryo began to cry 7#acc74 ,sakra again and again prevented him saying ,do not cry6 ,do not cry6 ,the embryo was then divided into seven pieces4 ,indra too1 the slayer of enemies1 worked up with anger1 again cut every piece into seven portions with his thunder-bolt4 ,from them originated the gods called ,maruts1 ,o foremost of ,bharatas 7#acd-ace74 ,because they were addressed by ,maghavan 7saying ,do not weep ,ma ruda7 so the ,maruts were born and they all became of help to the holder of thunder-bolt 7#acf74 ,when creatures thus multiplied1 ,o ,janamejaya1 ,hari consoled that foremost of gods of immeasurable energy1 and then conferred kingdoms on various ,patriarchs of whom ,prithu was first installed as king 7#acg-ach74 ,that ,hari is the heroic person ,vishnu1 ,jishnu1 the ,patriarch1 the king of rains and is the air in his visible form4 ,the whole universe is ,his 7#aci74 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 he1 who is informed of this creation of creatures1 and he who reads or hears the auspicious birth of the ,maruts1 has no fear of being born again in this world--what of fear in the next world 7#adj78 ,they are nymphs and the nurses of ,kumara4 ,the thirty three gods are3--#h ,vasus1 #aa1 ,rudras1 #ab ,adityas1 ,brahma and ,indra4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,a ,,query ,,regarding ,,the ,,origin ,,of ,,the ,,articles ,,of ,,food4 ,janamejaya said3--,having installed ,prithu the son of ,vena1 in the office of the ,lord ,paramount the ,patriarch began to confer kingdoms on ,soma and others 7#a74 ,he placed ,soma in charge of the twice-born1 herbs1 planets1 stars1 sacrifices and hard austerities 7#b74 ,he then installed ,varuna as the king of waters1 ,vaishravana as the lord of kings1 ,vishnu the king of ,adityas1 ,pvaka the king of ,vasus1 ,laksha the king of ,patriarchs1 ,vsava the king of ,maruts1 ,pralhda of incomperable energy the king of ,daityas1 and and ,danavas1 ,yama1 the offspring of the sun1 as the king of the departed manes1 ,nryana as the king of ,mtris1 vows1 ,mantrs1 kine1 ,yakshas1 ,rkshasas and kings and ,siva1 having the emblem of a bull1 as the king of ,sdhyas and ,rudras 7#c-g74 ,he then ordered ,viprachitta to become the king of the ,dnavas and made ,girisha 7,siva7 the holder of mace1 the king of all ghosts and goblins 7#h74 ,he made ,himavn1 the king of mountains1 and the ocean the king of rivers and appointed the greatly power ,vyu as the king of smell1 bodiless creatures1 sound1 ether and earth 7#i74 ,he made the lord ,chitraratha the king of ,gandarvas1 ,vsuki1 the king of ,ngas and ,takshaka the king of serpents 7#aj74 ,he ordered ,airavat to become the king of the elephants1 ,ushaishrava1 of the horses and ,garuda the king of birds1 tiger the king of beasts and the bull1 the king kine1 ,plaksha the king of trees1 and1 installed ,parjanya as the king of ocean1 rivers1 showers and ,adityas 7#aa--ac74 ,he installed ,sesha as the king of wild animals and ,takshaka1 the king of reptiles and serpents 7#ad74 ,he made ,kmadeva the king of ,gandharvas and ,asuras and ,samvatsara the king of seasons1 months1 days1 fortnights1 moments1 conjunctions of planets1 ,parvas1 ,klas1 ,kshths1 ,pramsha1 ,ayanas1 ,mathematics and all conjunctions4 ,having divided the kingdom in such an order ,brahm placed all the guardians of the quarters4 ,he installed ,sudhanna1 the son of the ,patriarch ,vairaja as the ,protector of the eastern quarter4 ,he placed in the ,south the high-souled ,sankhapda1 the son of the ,patriarch ,kardama4 ,he installed the high-souled ,ketuman1 the son of ,raja1 as the king of the ,west4 ,and he made the irrepressible1 ,hirany roma1 the son of the ,patriarch ,prajanya1 the king of the ,north4 ,even now they have been piously ruling over their respective provinces of the earth consisting of seven insular continents and mountains4 ,by all those kings ,prithu was appointed as the ,lord ,pramonnt in a ,rajshuya sacrifice according to rites laid down in the ,vedas1 ,o king 7#ae-bc74 ,after the expiration of the highly vigorous ,manwantara of ,chakshusha the ,patriarch ,brahm conferred the kingdom on ,manu ,vaivaswata4 ,if you wish to listen1 ,o sinless king1 ,i shall give you at length an account 7of his life7 for your help4 ,this has been described fully in ,purana4 ,it is sacred and confers fame1 longevity1 residence in heaven and auspicious ness 7#bd-be74 ,janamejaya said3--,o ,vaishampyana1 do thou describe in full1 the birth of ,prithu and how by that high-souled one this earth was milched 7#bf72 how was she milched by the ancestral manes1 gods1 ,rishis1 ,daityas1 ,nagas1 ,yakshas1 serpents1 mountains1 ,pishachas1 ,gandharvas1 the leading ,brhmanas1 ,rakshasas1 and other great creatures1 7#bg-bh74 ,do thou also describe fully1 ,o ,vaishampyana1 their various vessels1 the calves and the various articles in order1 for which she was milched 7#bi74 ,do thou also relate1 why formerly ,vena's arm was churned by the angry ,rishis 7#cj74 ,vaishampyana said3--,o ,janamejaya1 listen1 with attention and concentrated mind1 ,i shall give you a detailed account of ,prithu1 the son of ,vena 7#ca74 ,o monarch1 ,i do not describe this unto him1 who is impure1 little-witted1 who is not a worthy disciple1 who does not observe vows1 who is ungrateful and injures people 7#cb74 ,o king1 do thou listen duly to this theme described by the god-like ,rishis which secures heaven1 longevity1 fame and riches 7for all7 7#cc74 ,he1 who having saluted the ,brhmanas daily1 listens to the birth story of ,vena's son1 ,prithu1 does not grieve for iniquities committed by him 7#cd74 ,,chapter ,v4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,vena ,,and ,,prithu4 ,vaishampyana said3--,formerly the ,patriarch ,anga1 born in the race of ,atri1 and equally all-powerful like him1 became the protector of religion 7#a74 ,a highly impious son by name ,vena was born to him4 ,that ,patriarch was begotten on ,sunith the daughter of ,death 7#b74 ,imbibing the defect of his maternal grand-father1 that son of ,kla's daughter deviated from his own duties and preached freedom of conduct in the world 7#c74 ,that king established an irreligious order and disregarding ,vedic observances he engaged in impious actions 7#d74 ,during his administration the study of the ,vedas and the performance of the ,vedic rites were suspended4 ,and the celestials did not get ,soma juice consecrated in ,yajnas 7#e74 ,such was the dreadful promise of the ,patriarch that no one would perform1 even at the time of destruction1 either ,homa or ,yajna 7#f74 ,o foremost of ,kurus1 7he said7 ,i am worthy of being adored1 ,i am the agent of ,yajna1 ,i am identical with ,yajna--you should dedicate all your ,yajnas and ,homas unto me 7#g74 ,beholding him thus transgress the order and partake unduly and unfairly of the sacrificial offerings the great ,rishis1 headed by ,marichi1 said 7#h73-,we shall enter upon the initiation ceremony for many long years--therefore do not act irreligiously1 ,o ,vena1 for such is the eternal religion 7#i74 ,after the death of ,atri you have forsooth been born as a ,patriarch4 ,and you made the contract that you would govern the subjects 7#aj74 ,after they had said this the wicked and ill-disposed ,vena1 laughing1 said to all those great ,rishis1 the following evil words 7#aa74 ,vena said ,who else will be the founder of religion8 ,whom shall ,i hear8 ,who else is superior to me on this earth in learning1 energy1 prowess1 asceticism and truth 7#ab78 ,all creatures and especially all forms of religion have originated from me4 ,you are all stupid and void of consciousness and therefore you do not know me 7#ac74 ,if ,i wish ,i can burn down the earth or overflow it with water4 ,i can obstruct the heaven and earth3 there is no need of discussing it 7#ad74 ,when the noble ,rishis could not make ,vena humble on account of his pride and egotism1 they1 worked up with anger1 belaboured that highly powerful king and began to churn his left thigh 7#ae-af74 ,when the thigh of that king was thus churned there arose from it a greatly short and dark person 7#ag74 ,o ,janamejaya1 he stood there1 stricken with fear and folding his arms4 ,beholding him thus possessed by fear ,atri said to him ,nishida ,sit down 7#ah74 ,o foremost of speakers1 he became the originator of the race of ,nishadas 7hunters7 and procreated the race of fishermen begotten of the sins of ,vena 7#ai74 ,and ,tukhras1 ,tumuras and other races taking delight in impiety who live on the ,vindhya mountain were also born of ,vena 7#bj74 ,thereupon1 those high-souled ,rishis1 worked up with anger1 began to churn the right arm of ,vena like a piece of wood used for kindling fire 7#ba74 ,from that arm originated ,prithu resembling the very flame1 and burning in effulgence like the fire itself 7#bb74 ,the highly illustrious ,prithu was born with his most excellent prime bow ,ajagava1 heavenly arrows and a highly lustrous coat of mail to protect his body 7#bc-bd74 ,at his birth all the creatures were filled with delight and ,vena too1 ,o monarch1 repaired to the celestial region 7#be74 ,o descendant of ,kuru1 the great ,prithu1 a good son1 being born he saved ,vena from the hell called ,put 7#bf74 ,taking all the jewels the oceans came to him with water for his installation 7#bg74 ,the ,divine ,brahm with the ,devas1 the offspring of ,angiras1 and all other creatures1 mobile and immobile1 came there and installed the effulgent king1 the son of ,vena1 the lord of an extensive kingdom 7#bh-bi74 ,the highly energetic and powerful son of ,vena1 ,prithu1 was installed as the first king by the leading ,rishis conversant with the ,vedas and other scriptures 7#cj7 ,by him were pleased the subjects who had been dissatisfied by his father4 ,on account of his being the object of their love he was called ,rj 7king7 7#ca74 ,when he used to make a voyage in the ocean the water used be grow hard as land and the mountains made way for him and the branches of the trees were not broken down 7#cb74 ,the earth grew easy of production and yielded articles of food as soon as thought of4 ,the kine gave milk whenever milched and honey grew in every leaf 7#cc74 ,in the meantime at the sacred ,yajna of ,brahm1 was born the highly intelligent ,suta 7#cd74 ,at that great ,yajna was also born the wise ,mgadha4 ,they were invited by the celestial saints for chanting the glories of ,prithu 7#ce74 ,all the ,rishis said to them ,do ye sing the glories of this king4 ,this is a work that befits you and this king too is also an worthy subject for it 7#cf74 ,then ,suta and ,mgadha said to all those ,rishis3--,we shall1 with our own actions1 delight the gods and ,rishis 7#cg74 ,o ye twice born ones1 we are not cognizant of the actions1 characteristics and fame of this energetic king4 ,how shall we then chant his glories 7#ch78 ,they were then engaged by the ,rishis 7to chant his glories7 saying ,do ye chant his glories by the deeds which the highly powerful ,prithu did in the previous ,kalpa 7#ci74 ,this king speaks truth1 has a good character1 keeps his promise1 is modest1 does good unto all1 is forgiving1 powerful1 represses the wicked1 observes his duties1 is grateful1 merciful1 always speaks sweet words and respects those who deserve it1 performs ,yajnas1 is devoted to ,brhmanas1 is of a quiet temperament1 and observes the rules of society4 ,since then1 ,o ,janmejaya1 at the time of chanting glories ,sutas and ,mgadhas 7panegyrists7 pour their benedictions in this world 7#dj-db74 ,being highly pleased with their eulogy the king ,prithu conferred upon ,suta the province of ,arupa1 and on ,mgadha1 that of ,magadha 7#dc74 ,thereat delighted the great ,rishis and the subjects said ,the king will forsooth grant us maintenances in abundance 7#dd74 ,thereupon at the words of the great saints1 the subjects approached the son of ,vena and begged of him their maintenances 7#de74 ,thus approached by his subjects and with a view to do them good the powerful king took up his bow and assailed the earth 7#df74 ,thereupon assuming the form of a cow the earth fled away in fear of ,vena's son4 ,prithu too1 taking up his bow1 pursued her 7#dg74 ,traversing the region of ,brahm and all other regions in fear of ,vena's son she saw him everywhere before her with the bow in his hand 7#dh74 ,he looked effulgent like the burning eternal fire with his sharpened arrows and even the immortals could not repress that high-souled one 7#di74 ,even when repairing to the region of ,brahm she could not find safety2 the earth1 adored even by the three worlds with folded hands then said to the son of ,vena3--,you should not perpetrate the iniquity of slaying a woman4 ,without me1 how will you be able1 ,o king1 to protect your subjects 7#ej-ea74 ,o king1 all the worlds are situated on me1 and this universe is sustained by me4 ,know this1 ,o king1 that with my destruction all the creatures will be destroyed 7#eb74 ,o king1 if you wish to encompass the well being of your subjects it does not behove you to kill me4 ,listen to these words of mine 7#ec74 ,if works are undertaken commensurate with their means they are crowned with success4 ,do you1 ,o king1 find out the means by which you will protect your subjects 7#ed74 ,by slaying me1 ,o king1 you will not be able to protect your subjects by any means4 ,o you of great effulgence1 ,i will find it out2 do you restrain your anger 7#ee74 ,even women of inferior births should not be slain4 ,therefore1 ,o king1 you should not forsake your morality 7#ef74 ,hearing those various words of the earth the high-souled and pious king1 restraining his anger1 said to her 7#eg74 ,it is a hell where all those who have no son born to them go after death4 ,it is for this that the ,hindus look so eagerly to the birth of a son4 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,the ,,origin ,,of ,,the ,,earth4 ,prithu said3--,he1 who for one individual destroys many lives either belonging to his own side or to his opposite party1 commits a sin in this world 7#a74 ,by slaying that harmful person at whose death many become happy one is not visited by sin1 either great or small 7#b74 ,if by the destruction of one wicked person the well-being of many is secured such an act leads to the acquisition of virtue 7#c74 ,i shall therefore1 for the behoof of my subjects1 kill you1 ,o earth4 ,if you do not satisfy this command of mine conducive to the well-being of the world ,i shall kill you with this arrow who have neglected my command4 ,and having buried my own self 7under the earth7 ,i shall uphold my subjects forever 7#d-e74 ,o you ever observant of pious rites1 do you1 during my regeme1 give life to my subjects for you are capable of protecting them 7#f74 ,do you give milk for me and then ,i will withdraw the dreadful arrow that ,i have taken up for your destruction 7#g74 ,the earth said3--,o hero1 forsooth shall ,i carry out all that you have said4 ,if works are undertaken along with the means they always prove a success 7#h74 ,so do you resort to the means by which all the subjects may be protected4 ,behold this my calf4 ,being attached to it ,i shall give milk 7#i71 ,o you foremost of the pious1 do you level my surface all over1 so that my milk may reach everywhere 7#aj74 ,vaishampyana said3--,thereupon ,vena's son1 with the end of his bow1 uprooted thousands of hills for which they multiplied greatly 7in number7 7#aa74 ,vena's son ,prithu then levelled the surface of the earth4 ,in the past ,manwantara she was of uneven surface 7#ab74 ,the earth was by nature both even and uneven2 such was her state in ,chakshusha ,manwantara 7#ac74 ,the earth having been uneven in the previous ,manwantara there existed no regular division of the cities and villages 7#ad74 ,there was no corn1 no rearing of kine1 agriculture or trade4 ,there was neither truth1 untruth1 avarice nor pride 7#ae74 ,o king1 now with the advent of ,vaivaswata ,manwantara1 agriculture1 trade and the keeping of kine have originated from ,vena's son ,prithu 7#af74 ,o sinless one1 at that time people desired to makes their habitations at all those places of the earth which were levelled 7#ag74 ,then with great difficulty people could live upon fruits and roots4 ,this ,i have heard 7#ah74 ,having converted the ,manu ,swayambhuva into a calf the powerful son of ,vena1 ,prithu1 the foremost of men1 milched the earth for all sorts of corns with his own hands 7#ai74 ,on that food1 ,o my child1 the people are daily living even now4 ,i have heard the earth was again milched by the ,rishis4 ,soma became their calf2 the son of ,angiras1 the highly energetic ,vrihaspati1 milched her4 ,the ,vedas were the vessels1 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 and the eternal devotion to ,brahman was the incomparable milk 7#bj-ba74 ,i have heard she was again milched by all the celestials headed by ,purandara with golden vessels 7in their hands7 7#bb74 ,then ,maghavn 7,indra7 became the calf and the lord ,sun milched her4 ,a continued flow of milk came out on which the ,devas are living 7#bc74 ,i have heard the earth was again milched by the ancestral manes of unlimited prowess1 with silver vessels 7in their hands7 7#bd74 ,the powerful son of ,vivaswat became the calf and ,antaka1 the destroyer of ,lokas 7worlds71 milched her 7#bf74 ,o foremost of men1 ,i have heard1 that making ,takshaka the calf1 the ,ngas milched her with the cavity of their palms as vessels and got poison for the milk 7#bf74 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 ,o king1 the powerful ,airavata ,dhritarashtra became the milcher when the ,ngas and serpents milched her 7#bg74 ,by that poison the huge serpents of deadly venom are living their dreadful lives4 ,they live on poison1 they give out poison and poison constitutes their energy 7#bc74 ,i have heard that the earth was again milched by ,asuras with iron vessels for the illusory power capable of over-powering the enemies 7#bi74 ,pralhda's son ,virochana became their calf and the highly powerful1 two-headed ,madhu1 the priest of the ,daityas milched her 7#cj74 ,by that ,my 7illusory power7 the ,asuras have been rendered adepts in illusion4 ,the ,asuras1 endued with immeasurable wisdom1 are therefore so very powerful 7#ca74 ,i have heard1 ,o monarch1 that the earth was again1 in the days of yore1 milched by ,yakshas for eternal disappearance from view with uncouth vessels 7#cb74 ,the highly effulgent and pious ,yakshas made ,vaisravana their calf4 ,the ascetic three-headed son of ,yaksha1 by name ,rajatanbha1 the father of ,maninbha1 milched 7the earth74 ,by that 7power of disappearance into another's body7 they are now still living4 ,this the great saint ,nrada has said 7#cc-cd74 ,o foremost of men1 with a view to afford gratification to their children the earth was again milched by the ,rkshasas and ,pishchas with the skulls of dead bodies 7#ce74 ,o glory of the ,kuru race1 ,rajatanbha milched 7the earth7 for them4 ,sumli became the calf and blood came out for the milk 7#cf74 ,by that bloody milk the immortal ,yakshas1 ,rakshasas1 ,pishchas and other ghosts are keeping their lives 7#cg74 ,o foremost of men1 having made ,chitraratha their calf the ,gandharvas and ,apsars again milched her with lotus vessels for sweet perfume 7#ch74 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 the greatly powerful and the high-souled king of ,gandharvas1 ,suruchi1 resembling the ,sun itself1 milched 7her7 for them 7#ci74 ,o king1 ,i have heard that the mountains again milched her for the herbs in forms and various jewels 7#dj74 ,himavna became the calf and the great mountain ,sumeru milched 7her74 ,other great mountains were the vessels and by that the mountains are increasing in proportions 7#da74 ,i have heard1 ,o king1 that the trees1 in the days of yore1 once milched her with ,palsa leaves as vessels for reviving the scorched and burnt trees and creepers 7#db74 ,the blossoming ,sla tree milched her and the ,plaksha tree became the calf4 ,that purifying ,earth1 who sustains all1 is the instrument of the birth and preservation of the entire mobile and immobile creations4 ,when milched she gives all desired-for objects and produces all corns 7#dc-dd74 ,extending up to the ocean she was celebrated under the name of ,medini4 ,her entire surface was filled with the fat 7of the demons7 ,madhu and ,katabha4 ,therefore was she called ,medini by ,brahm and others 7#de74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 when she was brought under the subjection of the king ,prithu1 the son of ,vena and became his daughter she came by the name of ,prithivi4 ,being divided and purified by ,prithu the earth has become full of corns1 mines1 cities and provinces4 ,o best of kings1 such a powerful king was the son of ,vena 7#df-dg74 ,undoubtedly he is an object of reverence and adoration of all creatures4 ,prithu1 born of eternal ,brahm1 is worthy of the adoration even of the great ,brhmanas1 well-read in the ,vedas and all their divisions4 ,the powerful prime king ,prithu1 the son of ,vena1 deserves also the adoration of the great kings who desire kingdoms4 ,the first king of the heroes1 ,prithu1 is also worthy of the adoration of the valiant warriors who wish for victory in battle 7#dh-ej74 ,the warrior1 who issues out for battle after reciting the name of the king ,prithu1 is crowned with success and glory even in dreadful battles 7#ea74 ,the illustrious king ,prithu1 who conferred livelihood on all1 is worthy of the adoration of the wealthy ,vaisyas who carry on trade 7#eb74 ,the first king is also worthy of the adoration of the pure ,sudras who serve the three other ,varnas and who wish for supreme well-being 7#ec74 ,o monarch1 ,i have thus described the various calves1 those who milched1 the various sorts of milk and vessels4 ,what more shall ,i describe to you8 7#ed7 ,literally it means 'when she was milched by him'4 ,she was milched by the king ,prithu and became his daughter and therefore she was called ,prithivi4 ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,manwantaras4 ,janamejaya said3--,o ,vaishampayana1 ,o you having asceticism for your wealth1 do you describe at length all the ,manwantaras and the creations previous to them 7#a74 ,o4 ,brahman1 ,i wish to hear1 in sooth1 of all the ,manus and the extent of their reigns 7#b74 ,vaishampyana said3--,o descendant of ,kuru1 ,i cannot give a detailed account of ,manwantaras even in hundreds of years4 ,do you hear from me in brief 7#c74 ,o descendant of ,kuru1 ,swayambhuva1 ,swrochisha1 ,auttami1 ,tmasa1 ,raivata1 ,chakshusha1 the present ,manu ,vaivaswata1 the four ,manus ,savarne1 ,bhoutya1 ,rouchya and ,manu ,svarna--these all are ,manus4 ,i have described1 as ,i have heard1 of ,manus1 present1 past and future4 ,i will now describe the ,rishis1 the sons of ,manus1 and the celestials who were born in the various ,manwantaras 7#d-g74 ,marichi1 the reverend ,atri1 ,angira1 ,puloha1 ,kratu1 ,pulastya and ,vasishtha--these seven are the sons of ,arahm 7#h74 ,o king1 during ,swyambhava ,manwantara there were seven ,rishis and the celestials by the name of ,yamas in the north4 ,agnidhra1 ,agnivhu1 ,medha1 ,medhtithi1 ,vasu1 ,yotishman1 ,dyutiman1 ,havya1 ,savana and ,putra3 these were the ten highly powerful sons of ,manu ,swayambhuva4 ,i have thus described to you1 ,o king1 the first ,manwantara 7#i-aa74 ,o child1 during ,swrochisha ,manwantara narrated by ,vayu1 ,aurva1 the son of ,vasistha1 ,stambha1 the son of ,kagyapa1 ,prna1 ,vrihaspati1 ,datta1 ,atri and ,chyavana--these were the great ,rishis of great vows and ,tushitas were the gods 7#ab-ac74 ,havirdhra1 ,sukriti1 ,jyoti1 ,apomurti1 ,ayaprathita1 ,nabhasya1 ,nabha and ,urja--these were the sons of the high-souled ,swarochisha ,manu4 ,they have been described1 ,o king1 as being gifted with high energy and prowess 7#ad-ae74 ,i have thus described to you the second ,manwantara4 ,hear1 ,o king1 ,i shall describe the third 7#af74 ,the seven sons of ,vasishtha1 celebrated under the name of ,vasishtha and the highly energetic sons of ,hiranyagarbha by name ,sutejas were the seven ,rishis1 as ,i have said4 ,o monarch1 ,auttama had ten beautiful sons4 ,hear ,i shall describe them 7#ag-ah74 ,they were ,isha1 ,urja1 ,tanurjja1 ,madhu1 ,mdhava1 ,suchi1 ,sukra1 ,saha1 ,nabharya and ,nabha 7#ai74 ,it is said that the ,bhanus were the celestials in that ,manwantara4 ,hear1 ,i shall describe the fourth ,manwantara 7#bj74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 ,kvya1 ,prithu1 ,agni1 ,jahnu1 ,dhta1 ,kapivan and ,akapivn--these were the seven ,rishis 7#ba71 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 in ,puranas their sons and grandsons have been mentioned4 ,satyas were the celestials in ,tmasa ,manwantara 7#bb74 ,o king1 ,i shall now enumerate the sons of ,tamasa ,manu-,dyuti1 ,tapasya1 ,sutapa1 ,tapomula1 ,tapogana1 ,taporati1 ,akalmsha1 ,tanvi1 ,dhanvi and ,parantapa--these ten were the sons of the highly powerful ,manu ,tmasa4 ,so ,vayu has said 7#bc-bd74 ,during the fifth ,manwantara ,vedavhu1 ,yadudhra1 ,muni1 ,vedaira1 ,hiranyaroma1 ,parijanya1 ,somasuta1 ,urdhavahu1 ,atreya and ,satyanetra were the seven ,rishis4 ,the celestials of that period passed under the name of ,abhutarajas--having their nature not permeated by the quality of darkness4 ,there were also two other classes of celestials by the name of ,priplava and ,raivya 7#be-bg74 ,hear1 ,i shall enumerate the names of their sons--,dhritimn1 ,avya1 ,yukta1 ,tatwadarshi1 ,nirutsuka1 ,arany1 ,praksha1 ,nirmoha1 ,satyavk and ,kadi were the sons of ,manu ,raivata-and this is the fifth ,manwantara 7#bh-bi74 ,hear1 ,o king1 ,i shall describe the sixth ,manwantara4 ,bhrigu1 ,nabha1 ,vivaswn1 ,sudhm1 ,viraj1 ,atinam and ,sahishnu these were the seven ,rishis in the sixth ,manwantara4 ,hear the names of the celestials who flourished in ,chkshusha ,manwantara 7#cj-ca74 ,o king1 ,adya1 ,prasuta1 ,rishabha ,prithokbhava and ,lekha--these have been recorded as the five classes of deities4 ,the high-souled and the highly energetic sons of ,angiras were the ,rishis 7#cb74 ,o monarch1 those ten sons1 ,uru and others1 passed under the name of ,ndvaleys4 ,this is known as the sixth ,manwantara 7#cc74 ,atri1 the reverend ,vasistha1 the great saint ,kayapa1 ,goutama ,bharadwaja1 ,vishwmitra1 the reverend ,jamadagni1 the son of the high-souled ,richika-these seven ,rishis are now living in heaven 7#cd-ce74 ,the ,sdhyas1 ,vishwas1 ,rudras1 ,vasus1 ,maruts1 ,adityas1 ,vaivaswn1 the two ,awinis are now all living during the present ,manwantara of ,vaivaswat4 ,he had ten high-souled sons headed by ,ikshwku 7#cf-cg74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 the sons and grandsons of those great ,rishis of great energy are living in all the quarters 7#ch74 ,in all the ,manwantaras1 as in the previous ,kalpa1 exist the forty nine ,maruts for protecting and governing the people 7#ci74 ,after the expiration of a ,manwantara twenty ,maruts1 having performed heavenly deeds1 attain to the region of ,brahm freed from all dangers 7#dj74 ,thereupon others1 observing rigid austerities1 succeed them4 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 ,i have thus described to you the past and present ,manwantaras as well as the seven ,manus1 ,o descendant of ,kuru4 ,hear1 ,i shall describe the ,manwantara that is to come 7#da-db74 ,hear from me an account of the five ,svarni ,manus2 of them one is the son of the ,sun and the four are the offspring of ,prajapati ,paramesthi4 ,o king1 they are the grandsons of ,daksha and sons of ,pry4 ,because those mighty and energetic ones carried on hard austerities on the mount ,meru they were called ,meru ,svarni 7#dc-dd74 ,the son of the ,patriarch ,ruchi was celebrated by the name of ,rouchya4 ,the son whom ,ruchi begat on ,bhuti came by the name of ,bhoutya 7#de74 ,hear now of the seven ,rishis of ,svarni ,manwantara1 who have not come as yet and who are said to be living in the celestial region 7#df74 ,rma1 ,vysa1 the effulgent and celebrated ,atreya1 the highly energetic ,aswathama1 the son of ,drona1 the son of ,bharadwja1 ,kripa1 the son of ,goutama's son ,saradvn1 ,glava1 the son of ,kushika and ,ruru1 the son of ,kayapa--these seven high souled ones are the future ,munis4 ,these seven ,rishis are equal to ,brahm and fortunate 7#dg-di74 ,by asceticism practised from their very birth1 by their knowledge of sacred formulae and grammar they will secure a position in the region of ,brahm and will be celebrated as pure ,brhmana saints 7#ej74 ,being repeatedly born in every ,yuga beginning with the golden1 the noble and truthful seven ,rishis institute the various orders and lay down their duties4 ,they are endued with the knowledge of the present1 past and future1 have themselves become1 by means of their asceticism1 well known1 just and considerate4 ,by the knowledge of formulae1 and grammar and by their spiritual insight they see everything like an emblic myrobalam in their hands4 ,they are known as seven ,rishis by their sevenfold qualities4 ,they are long-lived1 far-sighted and have seen the ,god4 ,they are the first born1 well-versed in various duties and the founders of various families 7#ea-ee74 ,when virtue suffers any deterioration1 the ,rishis1 the originators of ,mantras 7mystic formulae7 and ,brhmanas are repeatedly born in their families 7#ef74 ,when all the ,rishis are capable of conferring boons and are all respectively great there is no evidence of the time when they flourished and of their age 7#eg74 ,o king1 ,i have thus described to you the seven ,rishis4 ,o best of the ,bhrata race1 hear now of the future sons of ,manu ,svarni 7#eh74 ,varian1 ,avarian1 ,sammala1 ,dhritimn1 ,vasu1 ,varishna1 ,arya1 ,dhrishnu1 ,rja and ,sumati1 these are the ten future sons of ,manu ,svarni1 ,o descendant of ,bharata 7#ei74 ,hear1 ,i shall enumerate the names of the ,munis of the reign of the first ,manu ,svarni4 ,medhatithi1 the son of ,palastya1 ,kavyapa's son ,vasu1 ,bhrigu's son ,yotismna1 ,angira's son ,dyutimna1 ,vasistha's son ,savana1 ,atri's son ,havyavhana and ,poulaha--these seven ,rishis flourished in ,rohita ,manwantara4 ,o king1 these were the three classes of deities 7#fj-fb74 ,they were the sons of the ,patriarch ,rohita1--the son of ,dhksha1 ,manu's son ,dhrishthaketu1 ,panchahotra1 ,nirakriti1 ,prithu1 ,shrav1 ,bhuridyumna1 ,richaka1 ,vrihata and ,gaya1 these were the sons of the highly energetic first ,manu ,savarni during the second ,manwantara of the tenth order4 ,pulaha's son ,havishmn1 ,bhrigu's son ,sukriti1 ,atri's son ,apomurti1 ,vasishtha's son ,ashwathma1 ,pulastya's son ,pramati1 ,kagyapa's son ,nabhga and ,angira's son ,nabhasa ,satya--these were the seven great saints 7#fc-ff74 ,the two classes of the deities and the ,rishis have 7already7 been enumerated4 ,manusuta1 ,uttamanj1 ,kunishanja1 ,viryvn1 ,satnika1 ,niramitra1 ,vrishasena1 ,jayadratha1 ,bhuridyumna and ,suvarcha--these ten were ,manu's sons 7#fg-fh74 ,hear1 ,i shall enumerate the names of the seven ,rishis who flourished during the eleventh period of the third ,manwantara4 ,kayapa's son ,havishmn1 ,bhrigu's son ,havishman1 ,atri's son ,taruna1 ,vasishtha's son ,taruna1 ,angira's son ,urudhisna1 ,pulastya's son ,nischara1 ,pulaha's son ,agnitej1--these are the future seven great ,rishis 7#fi-ga74 ,it is said that ,brhma's sons1 the deities were divided into three classes4 ,sarvatraga1 ,susharm1 ,devnika1 ,purudvaha1 ,kshemadanva1 the long-lived ,adarsha1 ,parudaka and ,manu--these were the nine sons of the third ,manu ,svarni 7#gb-gc74 ,hear from me the names of the seven ,rishis of the fourth ,manwantara4 ,they were ,vasishtha's son ,dyuti1 ,atri's son ,sutapa1 ,pulastya's son ,taposhana1 and ,pulaha's son ,taporavi4 ,know ,bhrigu's son ,tapovriti as their seventh4 ,it is said1 there were five classes of deities--the mind-born sons of ,brahm 7#gd-gf74 ,devavyu1 ,adura1 ,devasreshtha1 ,viduratha1 ,mitravn1 ,mitradeva1 ,mitrasena1 ,mitrakrit1 ,mitravaha1 and ,suvarcha--these are the sons of the twelfth ,manu 7#gg74 ,during the thirteenth ,manwantara that is to come ,angira's son ,dhritiman1 ,pulastya's son ,havyapa1 ,pulaha's son ,tatwadarshi1 ,bhrigu's son ,nirutsuka1 ,atri's son ,nishprakampa1 ,kacyapa's son ,nirmoha and ,vasishtha's son ,sutapa will be the seven ,rishis and three classes of deities as mentioned by the self-sprung 7,brahm7 7#gh-hj74 ,during the thirteenth ,manwantara ,manu's sons were the sons of ,ruchi1 ,chitrasen1 ,vichitra1 ,naya1 ,dharmacrit1 ,dhrita1 ,sunetra1 ,kshatra1 ,vriddhi1 ,sutapa1 ,nirbhaya1 and ,drida--these were the sons of ,manu ,rouchaya in the thirteenth ,manwantara 7#ha-hb74 ,during the fourteenth ,manwantara of ,manu ,bhoutya1 ,kacyapa's son ,agnidhra1 ,pulasta's son ,bhargava1 ,bhrigu's son ,ativahu1 ,angira's son ,suchi1 ,atri's son-,yukta1 ,vasistha's son ,asukra1 and ,pulaha's son ,ajita were the last seven ,rishis 7#hc-hd74 ,chanting the glory of their period a man attains happiness1 great renown and long life 7#he47 ,he1 who recites always the names of the great ,rishis1 past and present1 becomes long-lived and gains renown4 ,o foremost of the ,bharatas1 five classes of deities1 it is said1 flourished then 7#hf74 ,tarangabhir1 ,bushma1 ,tarashmn1 ,ugra1 ,abhimni1 ,pravira1 ,jishuu1 ,sangkrandana1 ,tejashi1 and ,savala are the sons of ,manu ,bhoutya4 ,with the completion of ,bhoutya ,manwantara one ,kalpa will be complete 7#hg-hh7 ,i have thus enumerated the names of the past and future ,manus4 ,o king1 these ,manus with with their children1 rule over the earth extending to the ocean for thousands of ,yugas and govern the subjects with asceticism4 ,and they also in time perish away as usual 7#hi-ij74 ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,,division ,,of ,,time4 ,janamejaya said3--,o you highly intelligent twice-born one1 you should enumerate the ,yugas and mention the extent of ,brahm's day 7#a74 ,vaishampyana said3--,o subduer of enemies1 hear1 ,i shall enumerate the days of ,brahm by the same calculation by which men make divisions of day and night 7#b74 ,five ,nimeshas make one ,kstha1 thirty ,kshthas make one ,kal and thirty ,kals make one ,muhurtta4 ,and the intelligent consider thirty ,muhurttas constituting one day and night comprising the motion of the sun and moon4 ,such days and nights daily take place in all the countries around the mount ,meru 7#c-d74 ,fifteen days and nights make one ,paksha 7fortnight72 two fortnights make one month--two months make one ,ritu 7season7 7#e74 ,three ,ritus make one ,ayana and two ,ayanas make one year4 ,those1 conversant with the science of enumeration1 divide ,ayana 7course7 into two--northern and southern 7#f74 ,those1 who have mastered 7the various divisions of7 time1 consider a month1 consisting of two fort-nights1 as the one day and night of the ancestral manes 7#g74 ,the dark-half of the month is their day and the light half is their night4 ,therefore1 ,o king1 ,srdhas1 for the departed manes1 are performed in the dark half of the month 7#h74 ,that which is considered as a ,samvatsara 7year7 for human beings is a day and night for the celestials4 ,of them the northern course is considered by the learned as their day and the southern course as their night 7#i74 ,when a celestial year is multiplied ten-fold it is considered as one day and night of ,manu4 ,a day and a night1 when multiplied ten-fold1 constitute one ,paksha 7fortnight7 of ,manu 7#aj74 ,a ,paksha1 when multiplied tenfold1 forms one month2 and twelve months are regarded by the wise1 discriminating truth1 as forming a season of ,manu4 ,three ,ritus 7seasons7 make one ,ayana and two ,ayanas make one ,samvatsara 7year7 7#aa74 ,their four thousand years constitute the extent of ,krita ,yuga 7golden age74 ,o king1 four hundred years form the ,sandhy and four hundred such form the ,sandhyngsha 7#ab74 ,the extent of the ,treta ,yuga is three thousand years4 ,its ,sandhy and ,sandhyngsha severally extend over three hundred years 7#ac74 ,it is said that the duration of ,dwpara ,yuga is two thousand years4 ,its ,sandhy and ,sandhyngsha are said to extend each over two hundred years 7#ad74 ,the wise have enumerated the duration of ,kali ,yuga as extending over a thousand years4 ,its ,sandhy and ,sandhyngsha too extend over one hundred years each 7#ae74 ,i have thus described the extent of ,yugas comprising twelve thousand years4 ,hear1 from me1 the enumeration of ,yugas measured by celestial ,ayanas 7#af74 ,krita1 ,treta1 ,dwpara and ,kali these are the four ,yugas4 ,o foremost of kings1 with such seventy-one ,yugas one ,manwantara is completed4 ,so is said by those who are versed in the science of enumeration4 ,the ,ayana1 that has been mentioned before1 is two-fold1 northern and southern 7#ag-ah74 ,when one ,manu disappears his ,ayana is completed1 and then another reigns4 ,in this way when many a ,manu rise and disappear one ,samvatsara of ,brahm is completed4 ,his one ,samvatsara has been described by the truth-observing ascetics as consisting of one million of years 7#ai-bj74 ,brahm's one day is said to be tantamount to one ,kalpa4 ,the earth1 with her mountains1 woods1 and forests1 sinks into water in the night which is enumerated by the wise as extending over a thousand ,yugas4 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 at the completion of that one thousand ,yugas1 ,brahm's one day is completed and the termination of a ,kalpa is said to be brought about4 ,i have thus described to you the preceding seventy ,yugas 7#ba-bc74 ,krita1 ,tret and other ,yugas are said to constitute one ,manwantara4 ,i have also described to you fourteen ,manus1 enhancing their 7own7 glory 7#bd74 ,o king1 all these patriarchs were masters of the ,vedas and ,puranas4 ,even the chanting of their glories is crowned with success 7#be74 ,at the termination of a ,manwantara sets in the dissolution 7of the universe7 after which again begins the work of creation4 ,even with hundred years ,i cannot enumerate this period 7#bf71 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 during these ,man wantaras1 the termination of the creation and destruction of creatures is brought about4 ,this ,i have heard 7#bg74 ,at that time there exist the gods with gross and subtle elements and the seven ,rishis1 who carry on penances1 lead a life of celibacy and are endued with the knowledge of scriptures 7#bh74 ,one ,kalpa terminates with the completion of a thousand ,yugas4 ,then scorched by the rays of the sun1 all the creatures1 placing the lord ,brahm before them1 and accompanied by the ,adityas1 approached the omnipotent lord ,nryana1 the foremost of gods1 ever engaged in ,yoga1 the master of ,yogins1 unborn1 eternal1 the soul of all1 who repeatedly engenders all creatures at various ,kalpas4 ,he is the unseen and eternal ,god to whom belongs the whole universe 7#bi-ca74 ,then there sets in night when all are converted into one ocean4 ,they all sleep in the belly of ,nryana for one thousand years of ,brahm 7#cb74 ,that extent of time goes by the name of night when the ,grandfather 7,brahm7 enters upon the ,yoga of sleep 7#cc74 ,after the expiration of that night extending over a thousand ,yugas awakes the ,divine ,brahm1 the ,grand-father of all 7#cd74 ,desirous of engendering progeny again he sets his mind on the work of creation4 ,there comes into existence the same ancient recollection1 the same character1 the same energy for action1 the same abode for the gods1 but only a change in order of things takes place4 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 then are born again at the commencement of ,yuga1 the celestials saints1 ,yakshas1 ,gandharvas1 ,pishchas1 serpents and ,rakshas1 that had 7before7 been consumed by the rays of the sun 7#ce-cg74 ,as the signs of various seasons are changed with the change of cycles1 so the various orders of creations are metamorphosed in ,brahm's night 7#ch74 ,having come out 7of the lotus navel of ,nryana7 ,prajapati engages1 for sooth1 in the work of creation4 ,o my child1 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 those gods1 men and saints1 who renouncing all attachment for the body1 and being pure of mind1 are united with ,great ,brahman1 are never born in the next cycle 7#ci-dj74 ,having divided his own day into a thousand ,yugas 7cycles7 and his night into an equal number of cycles in due order1 the ,divine ,brahm1 the ordainer of all1 well-versed in the enumeration of time1 creates and destroys the creatures again and again 7#da-db74 ,the ,great ,god the ,lord ,nryana1 ,hari exists both in his subtle and gross form4 ,i shall relate the history of ,manu ,vaivaswata born of a portion of his energy 7#dc74 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 hear the ancient story of the highly effulgent ,manu described incidentally along with the description of ,vrishni race 7#dd74 ,here the omnipotent1 ,great ,lord1 ,hari was born for the destruction of all the demons and the behoof of all the worlds 7#de74 ,the period that elapses between the expiration of one ,yuga or age and the commencement of another4 ,the period at the end of each ,yuga4 ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,,account ,,of ,,the ,,sun',s ,,offspring4 ,vaishampyana said3--,o subduer of foes1 ,kayapa begat ,vivaswan on ,aditi1 the daughter of ,daksha4 ,he espoused the goddess ,sajn 7#a74 ,that beautiful damsel was celebrated over the three worlds by the name of ,surenu4 ,the wife1 of that high-souled1 divine ,mrtanda 7sun7 gifted with beauty and youth 7as she was7 was1 not satisfied with the beauty of her husband4 ,amongst females on this earth ,sajn was gifted with great ascetic powers4 ,having her body scorched by the rays of the sun she did not look beautiful 7#b-d74 ,kayapa affectionately said 7to ,aditi7 who was ignorant your embryo is not dead and so he is called ,mrtanda 7#e74 ,the rays of the sun are always very powerful1 ,o my child1 and the son of ,kayapa oppresses the three worlds therewith 7#f74 ,q foremost of ,kouravas1 that best of luminous bodies1 ,aditya begat on ,sajna three children1 one daughter and two sons who became patriarchs 7#g74 ,first was born ,manu ,vaivaswata and then the patriarch ,srddhadeva1 then ,yama and ,yamun were born as twins 7#h74 ,thereupon beholding the pale countenance of ,vivaswn and unable to bear her own form she created ,savarn out of her own shadow 7#i74 ,sajn was an adept in illusion and so1 ,o king1 her shadow at once sprang up and bowing with folded hands said to her 7#aj74 ,she said3--,o thou of pure smiles1 tell me what ,i am to do4 ,command me1 ,o fair one1 ,i am at your service 7#aa74 ,sajna said3--,may good betide you1 ,i shall now go to my father's house4 ,do you now live in this my house without any anxiety 7#ab74 ,you should look after these my boys and my youthful daughter4 ,never give out this secret to the ,divine 7,sun7 7#ac74 ,the shadow said3--,i shall not give out your secret so long the sun does not hold me by the hair or imprecate a curse on me4 ,go now at your pleasure1 ,o goddess 7#ad74 ,vaishampyana said3--,having said carefully so be it4 to ,sarvan1 the ascetic ,sajn went to ,twasta as if in shame 7#ae74 ,when she met her father he remonstrated with her repeatedly and asked her to go to her husband again 7#af74 ,then hiding her beauty and assuming the form of a mare1 that faultless 7damsel7 repaired to the 7province of7 ,uttarakuru and began to graze there 7#ag74 ,then taking the second ,sajna for the 7real7 one1 ,aditya begat a son on her after his own self 7#ah74 ,this lord was like the first-born ,manu and people designate him as ,manu ,svarni 7#ai74 ,he became ,manu ,svarni4 ,her second son was known by the name of ,sani 7#bj74 ,o child1 the immitation ,sajn did not show that affection towards the first-born children which she did towards her own son 7#ba74 ,manu forgave her for that but ,yama could not do so4 ,out of childishness1 anger and future glory1 ,vivaswata's son ,yama threatened ,sajn with a stroke of his foot 7#bb74 ,o king1 greatly stricken with sorrow ,svarni's mother 7accordingly7 cursed him in anger1 saying your foot shall drop 7#bc74 ,then worked up with anxiety on account of the imprecation and assailed by ,sajn's words1 ,yama1 with folded hands1 communicated everything unto his sire 7#bd74 ,he said to his father3--,do thou so arrange as to withdraw the curse4 ,it is the duty of a mother to show affection equally towards all her sons 7#be74 ,disregarding us she always loves the youngest son4 ,so ,i did lift up my foot but it did not fall on her body 7#bf74 ,you should forgive me for the offence that ,i have committed out of childishness or ignorance2 since ,i have insulted her1 being a son1 who is worthy of my respect1 forsooth shall my foot drop off4 ,a son may prove a bad son1 but never does the mother4 ,o foremost of luminous bodies1 ,o lord of the worked1 ,i have been cursed by my mother4 ,let not my foot drop by your favour 7#bg-bi74 ,vivaswat said3--,undoubtedly1 my son1 there must be a mighty cause for it1 since anger has possessed you who are truthful and pious 7#cj74 ,i shall not be able to make otherwise your mother's words2 taking flesh from your foot the worms shall fall on the surface at the earth1 ,o highly wise one1 and you will1 accordingly attain to happiness4 ,this being done the words of your mother shall prove true 7#ca-cb74 ,and you will also be saved from the effect of the imprecation4 ,aditya then said to ,sajn3--,equal affection should be shown towards all children4 ,why are you then again and again showing partiality towards one8 ,in order to evade it she made no reply to the sun 7#cc-cd74 ,then having concentrated his own self by virtue of ,yoga1 he found out the truth4 ,o descendant of ,kuru1 then to imprecate a curse of destruction on her the lord sun held her by the hair4 ,the terms of contract being thus transgressed she communicated the truth unto ,vivaswn 7#ce-cf74 ,hearing all ,vivaswn got enraged and approached ,twasta4 ,he too1 having eulogized him 7the sun7 properly who was bent upon consuming him1 pacified his anger 7#cg74 ,twasta said3--,this your highly effulgent form does not look graceful4 ,unable to bear your lustre ,sajn is wandering in the yellow forest 7#ch74 ,to-day will you behold your wife of pure conduct1 who is daily engaged in hard austerities under the guise of a mare 7#ci74 ,living on leaves1 and a life of a female anchorite1 she has grown emaciated and poorly2 her hairs have grown into matted locks and she has been agitated like a lotus crushed by the trunk of an elephant4 ,o lord of rays1 if you accept my view1 ,i may1 for that praiseworthy damsel endued with ascetic power1 resorting to ,yoga1 ,o king of gods1 convert this form of yours into a beautiful one1 ,o slayer of enemies 7#dj-da74 ,the rays of the sun were crooked and extended above4 ,gifted with such a celestial form the sun was not of a gentle look 7#db74 ,so the ,patriarch 7sun7 attached great importance to ,twasta's words and gave order to the celestial ,architect for beautifying his own form 7#dc74 ,thereupon ,twasta approached the effulgent ,mrtanda4 ,and then placing him on a chisel1 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 he cut lose his lustre 7#dd74 ,when his effulgence was thus reduced and he appeared in his new form he looked superbly beautiful and more than it 7#de74 ,the beautiful form of that lord of rays was thus easily formed4 ,since then the countenance of the deity1 sun1 is red4 ,the twelve ,adityas1 originated from his mouth1 sprang from the portions of his effulgence dropped from the countenance of ,mrtanda when the act of chiselling was performed2 they were ,dhta1 ,aryam1 ,mitra1 ,varuna1 ,angsha1 ,bhaga1 ,indra1 ,vivaswan1 ,pusha1 the tenth ,parjanya1 the eleventh ,twasta and the youngest ,vishnu 7#df-dg74 ,thereupon beholding the ,adityas begotten of his own body he attained delight4 ,then ,twasta worshipped him with scents1 flowers1 ornaments and a brilliant crown and said to him3--,o god1 go to your own wife in ,uttarakuru1 who1 assuming the form of a mare1 is grazing in the forest of green grass4 ,thereupon assuming sportively a similar form1 he1 by virtue of his ,yoga power1 espied his own wife in the form of a mare4 ,o king1 assuming the form of a mare she was fearlessly wandering there and no one could distress her on account of her energy and pious observances4 ,then the powerful sun1 in his horse form1 knew her by his mouth 7#dh-ec74 ,taking him for another man the mare did not yeild to his desire4 ,then from his nostril the two ,aswinis1 the foremost of the physicians1 were born4 ,they were the sons of the eighth ,patriarch ,mrtanda4 ,aditya begat the two ,aswinis on ,sajn in the guise of a mare and he then appeared before his wife in his beautiful form 7#ed-ef74 ,o ,janamejaya1 beholding her husband she 7,sajn7 was greatly delighted4 ,yama1 greatly sorry at heart on account of his own mis-deed1 began to please his subjects with his pious rule and he was accordingly called ,dharmarj4 ,by his holy act of pleasing his subjects he was appointed the regent of the ancestral manes and elevated to the dignity of a patriarch4 ,the ascetic ,svarni ,manu was a patriarch and in the future ,savarni ,manwantara he will be the ,manu4 ,the all-powerful ,manu1 even now1 is carrying on penances on the summit of the mount ,meru 7#eg-fj74 ,his brother ,shanischara has attained to the status of a planet4 ,those1 who were known as ,aswinis1 became the physicians of the celestial region 7#fa74 ,o king1 ,sevata too became the physician of the horses4 ,twasta1 with that effulgence1 created the discus of ,vishnu 7#fb74 ,with a view to destroy the ,dnavas that discus is never baffled in a warfare4 ,their illustrious twin sister ,yamun became the foremost of rivers of that name purifying the world4 ,manu was known as ,svarni ,manu in the world 7#fc-fd74 ,his second son1 ,manu's brother ,sanischara attained to the status of a planet1 worshipped of all the worlds 7#fe74 ,he1 who listens to this story of the birth of gods or meditates on it1 is freed from all calamities and attains great renown 7#ff74 ,the allusion is3--,when ,aditi was enciente ,budha went to her for alms4 ,for her condition she was late in complying with his request and ,budha imprecated a curse on her saying the child will be dead4 ,at this she grew pale1 and ,kayapa1 knowing all this by his ascetic power1 preserved the child4 ,,chapter ,x4 ,,vaivaswata ,,manu',s ,,offspring4 ,vaishampyana said3--,o foremost of ,bharatas1 ,vivaswata ,manu had nine sons after him--,ikshwku1 ,nbhaga1 ,dhrishnu1 ,sharyti1 ,narishyan1 ,prangsha1 ,nbhagarishtha1 ,korusha and ,prishadhra 7#a-b74 ,o king1 desirous of progeny the patriarch ,manu performed a sacrifice before ,mitra and ,varuna 7#c74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 before the birth of these nine sons of his1 ,muni offered oblation to the portions of ,mitra and ,varuna in the present sacrifice4 ,when this oblation was offered1 the gods1 ,gandharvas1 men and ascetics attained to great delight and exclaimed4 ,oh6 wonderful is his ascetic energy6 ,oh6 ,wonderful is his knowledge of scriptures 7#d-f74 ,the tradition is1 that in that sacrifice was born ,il1 clad in a celestial raiment1 adorned with celestial ornaments and equipped with a celestial armour 7#g74 ,manu1 with a rod of chastisement in his hand1 said to her3 ,follow me1 ,o fair one4 ,she gave the following moral reply to that ,patriarch desirous of offspring 7#h74 ,il said3--,o best of speakers1 ,i am born of the energy of ,mitra and ,varuna and so ,i shall go to them4 ,do not destroy my morality 7#i74 ,having said this to ,manu ,il approached ,mitra and ,varuna and that fair one with folded hands said to them1 ,i am born of your energy2 ,manu has asked me to follow him4 ,tell me what ,i shall do 7#aj-aa74 ,hear from me what ,mitra and ,varuna did say to the pious and chaste ,il who had addressed them thus 7#ab74 ,o you fair one of beautiful hips1 we have been pleased with your virtue1 humility1 self restraint and truthfulness 7#ac74 ,therefore ,o great lady1 you will be celebrated as our daughter1 ,o fair one1 you will be the son of ,manu1 perpetuating his race1 celebrated in the three worlds by the name of ,sudyumna4 ,you will be pious1 beloved of the world and multiply the race of ,manu 7#ad-ae74 ,while she1 on hearing this1 was about to return to her father 7,manu71 she was invited1 on the way1 by ,buddha1 for conjugal purposes 7#af74 ,then ,soma's son ,buddha begat on her ,pururava4 ,having given birth to that son ,il became ,pradyumna 7#ag74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 the three kinsmen of ,sudyumna-,uutkala1 ,gaya and the energetic ,vinatashwa were greatly pious 7#ah71 ,o king1 the northern quarter was under ,utkala1 the western under ,vinatashwa and the city ,gay was under ,gaya 7#ai74 ,o subduer of foes1 ,manu having entered the sun1 his sons divided the earth into ten parts 7#bj74 ,the eldest of them ,ikshwaku obtained the central portion by whose sacrificial stakes the earth1 with her forests and mines1 has been marked 7#ba74 ,on account of his partaking of the nature of a female ,sudyumna did not obtain this 7central region74 ,according to the words of ,vasishtha1 the high-souled pious king ,sudyumna was installed in the province of ,pratishtna4 ,o foremost of ,kurus4 ,having obtained that kingdom the highly illustrious ,sudyumna conferred it on ,pururava and he himself reigned in ,partishtana4 ,utkala had three sons celebrated in the three worlds ,dhristaka1 ,amvarisha and ,danda 7#bb-bd74 ,amongst them the noble ,danda founded the most excellent ,dandakranya 7the forest of ,danda7 celebrated in the world as the abode of the ascetics 7#be74 ,as soon as a man enters there he is freed from sins4 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 having begotten ,aila1 ,sudyumna repaired to heaven 7#bf71 ,o monarch1 that son of ,manu1 who was endowed with the characteristics of both a man and woman1 and who took the name of ,il1 was celebrated by the name of ,sudyumna 7#bg74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 ,shakas were the sons of ,narishwanta1 and ,amvarisha1 the foremost of kings1 was the son of ,nbhga 7#bh74 ,dhrishnu's son ,dharshtaka and ,ranadhrishta became known as ,kshatra4 ,and ,karusha's sons were the ,kshatrya ,krushas1 dreadful in battle 7#bi74 ,in this way a thousand mighty powerful ,kshatryas were born1 ,o descendant of ,bharata4 ,the sons of ,nbhgarishtha1 although ,kshatryas 7by birth71 came by the status of ,vaishyas 7#cj74 ,prngshu had one son celebrated by the name of ,sharyati4 ,narishwanta's son was the powerful ,danda4 ,saryti had a twin son and daughter4 ,the son was named ,anartta and the daughter ,sukanya became the wife of ,chyavana4 ,anartta's successor was the highly effulgent ,reva 7#ca-cb74 ,his city ,kusasthali was in the province of ,anartta4 ,reva's son ,raivata passed by the name of ,kukudmi and was pious 7#cb74 ,having obtained the kingdom of ,kusasthali he became the father of a hundred sons4 ,he1 along with his daughter1 received from ,brahm instructions in music4 ,and ,o lord1 many a ,yuga passed away to him like a moment4 ,he then1 in his youthful state1 returned to his own city filled with ,ydavas 7#cc-ce74 ,the city of ,dwaravati1 charming with many damsels1 was protected by the descendants of ,bhoja and ,vrishni races headed by ,vasudeva 7#cf74 ,o slayer of foes1 then informed of all these details ,raivata conferred upon ,baladeva that vow-observing maiden by name ,revati 7#cg74 ,having given away 7his daughter7 he repaired to the summit of the mount ,sumeru for carrying on hard austerities4 ,rma too lived happily in the company of ,revati 7#ch74 ,pratishtana or ,prayga is the modern ,allahabad1 the seat of the ,government of ,n4 ,w4 ,p4 ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,,account ,,of ,,raivata ,,and ,,his ,,sons4 ,janamejaya said3--,o foremost of the twice-born1 why were not ,revati and ,revata's son ,kukudmi1 visited by decrepitude although they lived for many years 7#a74 ,why does ,saryti's grandson1 even after his retirement to ,meru1 still live in this world8 ,i wish to hear all this in sooth 7#b74 ,vaishampyana said3--,o sinless one1 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 there is neither decrepitude1 hunger1 thirst1 death1 nor the change of seasons in the region of ,brahm 7#c74 ,after the departure of ,revata's son ,kukudmi1 his city ,kushasthali was destroyed by demons and goblins 7#d74 ,that high-souled and pious king had a hundred brothers4 ,when the ,rkshasas began to carry on the work of destruction they fled away in various directions 7#e74 ,o king of kings1 when after their escape all the hundred brothers settled in various parts the ,kshatriyas thereof were stricken with fear 7#f71 ,o king1 their families extended to all those countries and are known as ,sharytas 7#g74 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 in all the quarters those pious ,kshatriyas reside2 ,o descendant of ,kurus1 amongst them many entered into mountainous regions 7#h74 ,the two sons of ,nabhgristha1 although born of a ,vaishya mother1 attained to the status of a ,brhmana4 ,the sons of ,karusha1 ,kshatriyas dreadful in battle1 passed by the name of ,krushas 7#i74 ,only one son of ,prngshu is mentioned by the name of ,prajapati4 ,o ,janamejaya1 having killed the cow of his preceptor1 ,prishata is said to have come by the birth of a ,sudra4 ,o fore most of ,bhratas1 ,i have thus given an account of the nine sons of ,manu ,vaivaswata 7#aj-aa74 ,when ,manu sneezed there came out from his nostril a son by name ,ikshwku4 ,he had a hundred sons who gave away profuse gifts 7#ab74 ,the eldest of them ,vikukshi1 on account of his huge abdomen1 could not make a warrior and so that pious king reigned as the lord of ,ayodhya 7#ac74 ,he had fifty excellent sons headed by ,sakuni4 ,they all reigned1 ,o king1 protecting the province of ,uttarapatha 7#ad74 ,o king1 thirty-eight sons headed by ,shashda protected the southern quarter 7#ae74 ,on an ,ashtaka day ,ikshwku commanded ,vikukshi by saying ,o you of great strength1 do you bring meat for the ,srddha after killing deer 7#af74 ,having taken the meat of a hare before the performance of the ,srddha for which it was collected he returned from hunting with the name of ,shashda 7#ag74 ,he was forsaken by ,ikshwku at the words of ,vashishtha4 ,after the demise of ,ikshwku ,shashda began to live in the city 7of ,ayodhya7 7#ah74 ,shashda's son was the powerful ,kakutstha4 ,seated on the hump of ,indra in the guise of a bull he defeated the ,asuras in the days of yore in battle and accordingly he was called ,kakutstha4 ,kakustha's son was ,anen and his son was ,prithu 7#ai-bj74 ,prithu's son was ,vishtarshwa and from him was born ,adra4 ,adra's son was ,yuvanshwa and his son was ,shrva 7#ba74 ,the king ,shrva made a city by the name of ,shrvasti4 ,and his son was highly illustrious ,vrihadshwa 7#bb74 ,his son was the highly pious king ,kuvalashwa1 who1 by killing 7the demon7 ,dhundhu1 came by the name of king ,dhundhumra 7#bc74 ,janamejaya said3--,o ,brahman1 ,i wish to hear the true account of the destruction of ,dhundhu for which ,kuvalashwa came by the name of ,dhundhumra 7#bd74 ,vaishampyana said3--,kuvalshwa had a hundred sons all skillful archers2 they were all well-educated1 powerful irrepressible and pious and performed sacrifices and gave away profuse gifts4 ,kuvalshwa installed his son ,vrihadshwa in the kingdom 7#be-bf74 ,having made over the charge of his kingdom to his son he repaired to the forest4 ,but the saint ,uttanka prevented him 7from doing that7 7#bg74 ,he said3--,o king1 it behoves you to protect your subjects2 you should not carry on penances1 relieved of all anxiety 7for the state7 7#bh74 ,o king1 high-souled as you are1 the earth should be protected by you4 ,setting aside all cares you should not enter into woods 7#bi74 ,it is seen that great virtue consists in protecting the subjects1 but not so1 in repairing to the forest 7#cj7 ,such is upheld to be the duty of a king and even the former saintly kings used to protect their subjects4 ,therefore1 you should look after your subjects 7#ca74 ,on the even ground near my hermitage1 all desert and with little water1 there is a tract full of the sands of the ocean called ,ujjnaka4 ,there entered into the ground full of sand a huge-bodied and highly powerful 7demon7 whom it was beyond 7the power of the7 gods even to destroy4 ,that son of the ,rakshasa1 ,madhu1 also passed by the name of the huge ,asura1 ,dhundhu4 ,resorting to dreadful penances1 he is lying there for the destruction of men 7#cb-cc74 ,when he breathes after the expiration of a year the earth trembles with her mountains1 forest and wood 7#cd74 ,the heavy dust1 raised by his breath1 obstructs the path of the sun--the earth-quake continues for one week--and there comes out smoke with scintillations of fire and cinders4 ,at that time1 ,o my child1 ,i cannot live at my hermitage 7#ce-cf74 ,therefore1 for the behoof of mankind1 do you slay that huge-bodied demon4 ,on the destruction of that demon people will be at ease 7#cg74 ,o king1 you alone are competent to kill him4 ,o sinless one1 in the previous ,yuga ,vishnu conferred a boon on me 7#ch74 ',you will welcome his energy with a boon who will kill that dreadful and highly powerful great ,asura' 7#ci74 ,o king1 even in a hundred celestial years trifling energy cannot consume that highly powerful ,dhundhu4 ,great is his energy which even the gods cannot with difficulty overcome 7#dj74 ,thus accosted by the high-souled ,uttanka the royal saint despatched his son ,kuvalshwa for suppressing ,dhundhu 7#da74 ,vrihadashwa said3--,o ,reverend ,sir1 ,i have given up the use of weapons4 ,he is my son1 and forsooth1 ,o foremost of the twice-born1 he will destroy ,dhundhu 7and acquire the name of ,dhundhumra7 7#db74 ,having ordered his son for the destruction of ,dhundhu1 the self-controlled royal saint went to the mountain for carrying on penances 7#dc74 ,o king1 ,kuvalshwa1 with his hundred sons and the ascetic1 issued out to destroy ,dhundhu 7#dd74 ,for the behoof of mankind and at the behest of ,uttanka the ,lord ,divine ,vishnu entered into him by his own energy 7#de74 ,after his departure a terrible sound was heard in the sky4 ,this graceful prince will be ,dhundhamara 7#df74 ,then the celestials engarlanded him with heavenly garlands4 ,the celestial bugles were also sounded1 ,o foremost of ,bharatas 7#dg74 ,having gone there1 that best of victors1 the energetic 7,kuvalshwa7 made his sons dig up the un-ending sandy ocean 7#dh74 ,o descendant of ,kuru1 being invigorated by ,nryana's energy he became highly powerful and energetic 7#di74 ,digging up the sandy ocean his sons1 ,o king1 found out ,dhundhu1 lying in the west 7#ej74 ,he seemed1 as if1 to have burnt down the quarters in anger with fire coming out of his mouth4 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 as the ocean swells up with the rise of the moon1 so 7by the movement of that demon7 mighty torrents of water began to flow4 ,excepting three the hundred sons of that king were consumed by that ,rkshasa 7#ea-eb74 ,thereupon1 ,o descendant of ,kuru1 the highly energetic king ,dhundhumra confronted the highly powerful ,rkshasa ,dhundhu 7#ec74 ,then having drunk up1 by his ,yoga power1 his 7,rakshasa's7 watery energy the ascetic 7king7 quenched the fire with water 7#ed74 ,then having slain with his strength that demon of the water the king proved himself successful to ,uttanka 7#ee74 ,uttanka too conferred a boon on the high souled king--via endless riches1 victory over his enemies1 inclination to virtue and eternal habitation in heaven1 as well as the attainment to the eternal region of those of his sons who were killed by the ,rkshasa 7#ef-eg74 ,the eighth day of three months on which the progenitors are worshipped4 ,meaning one who eats the meat of a hare4 ,literally ,ut and ,janaka or collection of men1 i4e41 divested of men4 ,it means that in that tract of land there was no human habitation4 ,lit3 ,destroyer of 7the ,demon7 ,dhundhu4 ,this will be his surname after the destruction of the demon ,dhundhu by him4 ,,chapter4 ,,xii4 ,,the ,,story ,,of ,,satyavrata4 ,vaishampyana said3--,of his three surviving sons ,dridhshwa is spoken of as the eldest2 ,chandrshwa and ,kapilshwa were the two younger sons 7#a74 ,haryashwa was the son of ,dhundhumra's son ,dridhshwa4 ,his son was ,nikumbhu always observant of the duties of the ,kshatryas 7#b74 ,nikumbhu's son was ,sanghatshwa1 well-versed in the art of warfare4 ,o king1 ,sanghatshwa had two sons ,krishshwa and ,akrishshwa 7#c74 ,himalaya's daughter ,drishadvati1 respected by the good and celebrated in the three worlds1 was his spouse4 ,her son was ,prasenajit 7#d7 ,prasenajit got a wife by name ,gouri ever devoted to her husband4 ,cursed by her husband she became a river by name ,vhud 7#e74 ,his son was the emperor ,yuvanshwa whose son was ,mndht1 the victor of the three worlds 7#f74 ,his wife was ,chaitrarathi the daughter of ,shashavindhu--her another name was the chaste ,vindumati unequalled in beauty in the world 7#g74 ,she was chaste and the eldest of ten million brothers4 ,o king1 ,mndht begat on her two sons--the pious ,purukutsa and the virtuous ,muchukunda4 ,purukutsa's son was the emperor ,trsadasyu 7#h-i74 ,he begat a son on ,narmad by name ,sambhuta whose son was the king ,sudhanw 7#aj74 ,sudhanw's son was ,tridhanw1 the represser of foes2 the educated powerful king ,trayyruna was ,tridhanw's son 7#aa74 ,his highly powerful son1 of vicious understanding1 by name ,satyavrata1 put obstacles to the nuptial mantras 7#ab74 ,on account of his childishness1 fickleness1 lust1 ignorance and joy he took as his wife the duly wedded spouse of another man 7#ac74 ,out of lust he stole away the daughter of another citizen4 ,pierced by the dart of iniquity and worked up with anger 7therefore7 the king ,trayyruna renounced him saying4 ,go to rack and ruin4 ,forsaken by his sire he again and again said to him ,where shall ,i go8 7#ad-ae74 ,the father then said to him ,go and live with the ,chandalas4 ,o you who have sullied your family1 ,i do not like to be the father of a son like you 7#af74 ,thus spoken to by his father he issued out of the city4 ,the omniscient ,rishi ,vasishtha did not prevent him 7however7 7#ag7 ,o child1 thus forsaken by his father the heroic ,satyavrata repaired to where the ,chandalas were living4 ,his father too left for the forest 7#ah74 ,on account of his iniquity the chastiser of ,pak 7,indra71 did not pour rain in his kingdom for twelve long years 7#ai74 ,having made over the kingdom to his wives the great ascetic ,viswmitra carried on hard penances near the sea 7#bj74 ,having tied a rope round the neck of his own begotten second son his wife sold him for a hundred coins for the maintenance of the remaining sons 7#ba74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 when he saw the ascetic's son thus bound for sale the pious prince released him 7#bb74 ,for encompassing ,viswmitra's pleasure and for his favour the mighty-armed ,satyavrata maintained his sons 7#bc74 ,on account of his being bound by the neck the great ascetic passed by the name of ,glava4 ,and that great saint ,kausika was released by that heroic 7king7 7#bd74 ,a low caste people1 by living with whom the people are outcasted4 ,this refers to ,indra the god of rain4 ,he received this appellation by destroying a demon by name ,paka4 ,,chapter ,,xiii4 ,,the ,,same ,,story ,,continued4 ,vaishampyana said3--,thus on account of his ,bhakti1 mercy and promise ,satyavrata1 ever stationed in humility1 took charge of ,vishwmitra's offspring 7#a74 ,having killed wild deer1 bear and buffaloes he used to keep meat tied to the trees near the hermitage of ,vishwmitra 7#b74 ,after the king had left for the forest he1 taking the vow of not taking another's wife1 passed twelve years at the behest of his sire as a probationer 7#c74 ,on account of his being the royal priest the ascetic ,vashishtha protected the city of ,ayodhy and the kingdom 7#d74 ,satyavrata too1 on account of his childishness and future greatness1 foolishly got greatly enraged with ,vashishtha 7#e74 ,o king1 when his father renounced his own son ,satyavrata1 ,vashishtha1 for some reason1 did not prevent him47#f74 ,by proceeding seven footsteps all the nuptial mantras are annulled4 ,satyavrata1 however1 could not hear those muttering prayers 7#g74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 thinking although ,vashishtha is pious still he is not saving me ,satyavrata got highly enraged with him 7#h74 ,thinking well however the great ,vashishtha did not prevent him then2 but ,satyavrata could not understand his intention 7#i74 ,his high-souled sire was not satisfied with him and therefore the slayer of ,pka did not send showers for twelve years 7#aj74 ,by carrying on those hard austerities now on earth he is releasing his family 7from that sin7 7#aa74 ,when he was forsaken by his father ,vashishtha did not prevent him because the ascetic had in view of placing his 7,satyavrata's7 son on the throne 7#ab74 ,carrying on hard austerities for twelve years1 one day the powerful prince ,satyavrata1 stricken with anger1 ignorance1 labour and hunger1 for not finding meat1 saw the high-souled ,vashishtha's milch-cow conferring the grant of all desires 7#ac-ad74 ,o ,janamejaya1 possessed by drunkenness1 madness1 exhaustion1 anger1 hunger1 hastiness1 cowardice1 avarice and lust he killed that cow 7#ae74 ,he himself took the meat and made ,vishwmitra's children partake of it4 ,hearing it ,vashishtha was enraged4 ,the revered ,rishi1 worked up with anger1 then said to the prince 7#af74 ,o wicked man1 ,i discharge at you this javelin 7of sin72 if you had not two other javelins of sin 7stuck to you7 forsooth ,i would not have discharged it 7#ag74 ,you have committed threefold transgressions1 namely the incurring of your father's displeasure1 the killing of your preceptor's milch-cow and the eating of forbidden meat 7#ah74 ,vaishampyana said3--,the incurring of his father's displeasure1 the killing of his preceptor's cow and the eating of forbidden meat formed as it were three javelins to him and therefore he was called ,trishankhu 7#ai74 ,after his return ,vishwmitra found his wife and children looked after by him and pleased accordingly the ascetic conferred a boon on ,trishankhu 7#bj74 ,when that ascetic was about to confer a boon on him the prince begged of him 7the boon7 of going bodily to heaven 7#ba74 ,then the fear of draught1 extending over twelve years1 was gone and the ascetic1 having installed him on the throne1 began to act as his priest 7#bb74 ,the all-powerful son of ,kushika took him bodily to heaven in the presence of all the gods and the great saint ,vashishtha 7#bc74 ,he had a wife by name ,satyarath born in the race of ,kekayas4 ,he begat on her the sinless prince ,harishchandra 7#bd74 ,the king ,harishchandra was called ,traishankava4 ,having celebrated a a ,rajasuya sacrifice he became the ,lord ,paramount 7#be74 ,harishchandra had a powerful son by name ,rohita by whom1 for the advancement of his kingdom1 the city of ,rohitapura was founded 7#bf74 ,having governed his kingdom and the subjects and been convinced of the worthlessness of the world the royal saint 7,rohita7 gave away that city unto the ,brhmanas 7#bg74 ,rohita's son was ,harita1 whose son was ,chanchu who had two sons1 by name ,vijaya and ,sudeva 7#bh74 ,vijaya defeated all the ,kshatryas and therefore he got that name4 ,his son was ,ruruka who was virtuous-souled and studied the ,vedas 7#bi74 ,ruruka's son was ,vrika and of him was born ,vahu4 ,haihaya1 ,talajangha and other ,kshatriya clans accompanied by ,shaka1 ,javana1 ,kmvoja1 ,prada ,palhava and other clans discomfitted that king for he was not greatly virtuous even in golden age 7#cj-ca74 ,vhu's son was born with poison and therefore he was called ,sagara4 ,coming to the hermitage of ,aurva he was protected by ,bhrgava 7#cb74 ,o foremost of ,kurus1 having obtained a fiery weapon from ,bhrgava the pious king ,sagara1 endued with great strength1 slew all the ,haihayas and ,talajanghas1 conquered all the world and put down the religious practices of ,shaka1 ,palhava and ,prada ,kshatryas 7#cc-cd74 ,the promise refers to that of his no longer being a disciple of ,vashishtha4 ,this passage requires a little elucidation4 ,he had already been visited by two transgressions1 namely the incurring of his father's displeasure and the killing of his preceptor's cow4 ,now he commits another transgression1 namely the eating of forbidden meat--these three transgressions are compared to three javelins4 ,the son of ,trishankhu4 ,,chapter ,,xiv4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,sagara4 ,janamejaya said3--,why was the powerful king ,sagara born with poison8 ,and why did he1 worked up with anger1 put down the religious practices of ,shakas and other highly powerful ,kshatriya clans as laid down by their respective orders4 ,and why was he not injured by poison8 ,describe all this at length1 ,o great ascetic 7#a-b74 ,vaishampyana said3--,o king1 when ,vhu grew addicted to vice1 ,haihaya1 with ,tlajnghas and ,shakas spoliated his territories 7#c74 ,yavanas1 ,pradas1 ,kmbhojas1 ,palhavas and ,shakas--these five classes 7of ,mlechhas7 displayed their prowess for ,haihaya 7#d74 ,deprived of his kingdom1 the king ,vhu retired into a forest life4 ,followed by his wife he gave up his life there in great misery 7#e74 ,his wife of the ,yadu race was 7at that time7 enciente and she followed her husband whose other wife had administered poison unto her before 7her departure7 7#f74 ,when she1 making a funeral pyre for her husband in that forest1 got upon it ,aurva1 born in the family of ,bhrigu1 out of compassion1 prevented her 7#g74 ,in his hermitage she gave birth to the highly powerful and mighty-armed king ,sagara together with poison 7#h74 ,having performed all the rites consequent upon the birth of that high-souled 7king7 ,aurva taught him the ,vedas and then gave him at last the fiery weapon which even the immortals cannot withstand4 ,gifted with great strength he1 by dint of the prowess of that weapon1 in no time destroyed the ,haihayas like unto enraged ,rudra slaying the beasts4 ,that foremost of the illustrious 7kings7 spread his own fame in the world 7#i-aa74 ,thereupon he made up his mind for extirpating the race of the ,shakas1 ,kmbhojas and ,palhavas 7#ab74 ,when about to be slain by the high-souled hero1 they1 seeking refuge with the intelligent ,vasishtha1 bowed unto him 7#ac74 ,seeing them arrived in proper time the highly effulgent ,vasishtha promised them security and prevented ,sagara 7#ad74 ,considering his own promise and the words of his preceptor ,sagara violated their religious practices and made them change their dress 7#ae74 ,having made the ,shakas shave half of their heads he dismissed them4 ,he made the ,yavanas and ,kmbhojas shave their entire head 7#af74 ,pradas used to have their hairs dishevelled and ,palhavas kept beards4 ,they were prohibited from studying the ,vedas1 and offering oblation to fire by the high-souled 7,sagara7 7#ag74 ,o my child1 ,shakas1 ,yavanas1 ,kmbhojas1 ,paradas1 ,kolasapyas1 ,mahishas1 ,drvas1 ,cholas and ,keralas were all ,kshatriyas4 ,o king1 at the words of ,vasishtha their religious practices were put down by the high-souled ,sagara 7#ah-ai74 ,having conquered the entire earth consisting of 7the provinces of7 ,khasa1 ,tukhra1 ,china1 ,madra1 ,kishkindhaka1 ,kountala1 ,banga1 ,shlwa1 ,konkashaka and others1 that king1 who had put down other religious forms1 entered upon the performance of ,bjapeya sacrifice and let loose a horse 7#bj-ba74 ,the horse1 while it was roaming near the bank of the south eastern ocean1 was pilfered and made to enter into the earth 7#bb74 ,then the king had that portion of the country dug by his sons4 ,when that mighty ocean was thus dug up they arrived at a place where the prime deity1 the ,patriarch ,hari1 the best of male beings1 in the shape of ,kapila1 was sleeping 7#bc-bd74 ,o great king1 when he awoke all the sons 7of ,sagara71 with the exception of four1 were all consumed by the fire coming out of his eyes 7#be74 ,o king1 they were ,varhaketu1 ,suketu1 ,dharmartha and the heroic ,panchajana--they perpetuated the race of ,sagara 7#cf74 ,the ,omniscient ,hari ,nryana conferred on him many boons viz4--unending family1 the eternal glory of the ,ikshwku family1 the birth of the ocean as his son1 eternal habitation in heaven1 and the ascension into the eternal region of those of his sons who had been consumed by the fiery looks of ,kapila 7#bg-bh74 ,thereupon the ocean worshipped that king with ,arghya1 and for this it obtained the appellation of ,sgara 7#bi74 ,he obtained from the ocean that horse destined for the ,aswamedha sacrifice 7#cj74 ,the highly illustrious king performed a hundred horse sacrifices and we have heard that he had sixty thousand sons 7#ca74 ,,chapter ,,xv4 ,,the ,,same ,,story ,,continued4 ,janamejaya said3--,by what observance1 ,o twice-born one1 did the sixty thousand heroic and powerful sons of ,sagara attain to greatness8 7#a7 ,vaishampyana said3--,sagara had two wives whose sons had been consumed by ascetic observances4 ,the oldest of them1 the daughter of the king of ,vidarbha1 was celebrated by the name ,keshini 7#b74 ,his youngest wife was the pious daughter of ,arishthanemi1 who was unequalled on earth in beauty 7#c74 ,hear1 ,o king1 what boons ,aurva conferred upon them4 ,he wanted one of them to take sixty thousand sons and the other to pray for one son 7only7 after her heart who will perpetuate the race4 ,of them she1 who was avaricious1 prayed for many mighty sons 7#d-e74 ,the other prayed for only one son1 who will keep up the prestige of the family4 ,the ascetic conferred on her the same boon4 ,sagara begat on ,keshini a son named ,asmanj 7#f74 ,that highly powerful king also passed by the name of ,panchajana4 ,the other1 as the rumour is1 gave birth to a long gourd consisting of seeds 7#g74 ,therein lay like corns sixty thousand embryos4 ,they grew up duly in proper time 7#h74 ,the father threw those embryos into vessels full of clarified butter and appointed equal number of nurses to look after them 7#i74 ,when ten months were complete thence came out with ease and in proper time those sons of ,sagara enhancing his delight 7#aj74 ,in this way1 ,o king1 there originated from bottle gourd the sixty thousand sons of ,sagara 7#aa74 ,when they were consumed by ,nryana's energy one of them only survived namely1 ,panchajana who became the king 7#ab74 ,panchajana's son was the energetic ,angsumn4 ,his son ,dilipa also passed by the name of ,khattnga 7#ac74 ,coming down to this earth from heaven and taking birth there he1 within a moment1 ransacked the three worlds by virtue of his intelligence and truthfulness1 ,o sinless one 7#ad74 ,dilipa's son was the great king ,bhagiratha who1 powerful as he was1 brought down the best of rivers ,gang 7#ae74 ,that noble and illustrious king1 equal to ,sakra in prowess1 brought her to the ocean and then considered her as his daughter4 ,therefore by the ,rishis who keep account of families she has been styled ,bhgirathi 7#af74 ,bhagiratha's son was the celebrated king ,shruta4 ,the highly pious ,nbhga was ,shruta's son 7#ag7 ,nbhga's son was ,ambarisha who was the father of ,sindhudwipa1 whose son was the powerful ,ayutajit 7#ah74 ,the illustrious ,rituparna was ,ayutajit's son4 ,he was powerful1 well-versed in the game of celestial dice and a friend of king ,nala 7#ai74 ,the king ,artaparni was ,rituparna's son1 whose son was the king ,sudsa who became the friend of ,indra 7#bj74 ,the king ,soudsa was ,sudsa's son4 ,he was celebrated by the name of ,kalmashapda and was greatly attached to his friends 7#ba74 ,kalmshapda's son was known by the name of ,sarvakarm whose son was the celebrated ,anaranya 7#bb74 ,anaranya's son was ,nighna who had two sons1 both leading kings1 by name ,anamitra and ,raghu 7#bc74 ,anamitra's son was the educated and pious ,duliduho4 ,his son was ,dilipa1 the grandfather of ,rma 7#bd74 ,dilipa's son was the large-armed ,raghu4 ,the highly powerful king ,raghu reigned in ,ayodhya 7#bd74 ,aja was born of ,raghu and ,aja's son was ,dasharatha whose son was the virtuous-souled and illustrious ,rma 7#bf74 ,rma's son passed by the name of ,kusha whose son was ,atithi and whose son was ,nishadha 7#bg74 ,nishadhas son was ,nala whose son was ,nabha4 ,nabha's son was ,pundarika whose son passed by the name of ,kshemadhanw 7#bh74 ,kshemadhanw's son was the powerful ,devnika whose son was the great ,ahinagu 7#bi74 ,ahinagu's good son was the king ,sudhanw1 as whose son was born the king ,anala 7#cj74 ,anala's son was the virtuous ,uktha1 the son of which high souled 7king7 was ,vajranbha 7#ca74 ,his son ,shankha was celebrated for his great learning and passed by the name of ,dhyushitshwa4 ,his son was the learned ,pushpa1 whose son was ,arthasiddhi 7#cb74 ,his son was ,sudarshana1 whose son was ,shighra and whose son was ,maru 7#cc74 ,maru practised ,yoga in the island of ,kala4 ,his son was the illustrious king ,vrihadvala 7#cd74 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 in ,purna1 there are two kings celebrated by the name of ,nala4 ,of them one was the son of ,veerasena and the other was a descendant of ,ikshwku 7#ce74 ,i have thus described 7to you7 in order of precedence the leading members of the ,ikshwku race4 ,these kings1 of immeasurable energy1 belonged to the solar dynasty 7#cf74 ,by reading the account of creation by the illustrious ,srdhadeva ,adity who confers nourishment upon creatures a man gets offspring1 attains to the same status with the sun1 is freed from sins and haughtiness and obtains longevity 7#cg-ch74 ,,chapter ,,xvi4 ,,the ,,origin ,,of ,,pitris ,,and ,,fruits ,,of ,,sraddhas4 ,janamejaya said3--,how did the illustrious ,aditya become the 7presiding7 deity of ,srddhas8 ,what is the most excellent mode of performing them8 ,i wish to hear all this1 ,o ,vipra4 7#a74 ,what is the origin of the ,pitris and who are they8 ,we have heard from the conversation of the ,brhmanas that the ,pitris 7ancestral manes71 stationed in heaven1 are even the gods of the gods4 ,this is said by those well read in the ,vedas4 ,i therefore wish to know this 7#b-c74 ,i wish to hear of the most excellent creation of ,pitris1 their various orders1 their great strength1 how are they propitiated by the ,srddhas performed by us1 and how they1 delighted1 shower benedictions on us 7#d-e74 ,vaishampyana said3--,i will now describe to you the most excellent creation of the ,pitris2 how they are propitiated by ,srddhas performed by us and how they1 being pleased1 pour blessings on us4 ,mrkandeya described this when he was accosted by ,bhishma4 ,the question1 that you have asked me1 was put to ,bhishma by the pious king 7,yudhisthira7 when the former was lying on the bed of arrows 7#e-i74 ,yudhisthira said3--,o you conversant with virtue1 how people1 seeking nourishment1 get it8 ,by doing what do they not grieve ,i wish to hear this 7#i74 ,bhishma said3--,o ,yudhishthira1 he1 who propitiates the departed manes by the performance of ,srddhas that secure all desired for objects1 who always performs them with a concentrated mind1 attains to delight both in this world and in the next4 ,the ,pitris confer virtue on him who seeks it1 children on him who wants them and nourishment on him who desires for it 7#aj-aa74 ,yudhisthira said3--,the departed manes of some persons live in heaven1 and those of others live in hell4 ,the fruits of ,karma1 it is said1 eternally exist with people4 ,persons1 in expectation of fruits1 perform ,srddhas for their father1 grand-father1 and great-grand-father4 ,how those offerings reach the ancestral manes 7#ab-ad78 ,how can they1 while living in hell1 grant them the fruits 7thereof78 ,who are those ancestral manes ,who else are others8 ,to whom do we offer our offerings 7#ae78 ,we have heard that even the gods1 in the celestial region1 dedicate offerings to the ancestral manes4 ,i wish to hear all this at length ,o you of great effulgence 7#af74 ,you are endued with immeasurable intelligence1 do you describe to me1 how by making gifts to the ancestral manes we are released 7from worldly trammels7 7#ag74 ,bhishma said3--,o slayer of foes1 ,i shall describe to you what ,i have heard on this subject from my deceased father--who are those ancestral manes and who are others to whom we dedicate our offerings 7#ah74 ,when on the occasion of my father's ,srddha ,i was about to offer him ,pinda my father1 rending assunder the earth1 begged it of me with his hand 7#ai74 ,his arm was adorned with bracelet and other ornaments--his fingers and palm were as red as ,i had seen them before 7#bj74 ,thinking that no such practice is seen in ,kalpa ,i offered the ,pinda at the ,kusa grass1 without any consideration 7#ba74 ,o sinless one1 then my father delightedly said to me in sweet accents3--,o foremost of ,bharatas1 ,i have been blessed with a son like you1 both in this world and the next-a good son1 pious and learned as you are 7#bb-bc74 ,you are also of firm vows1 ,o sinless one2 with a view to lay down the religious practices of people1 ,i issued this command 7#bd74 ,as a man1 observing the religious practices1 is entitled to a fourth part of the virtue thereof1 so a stupid person1 transgressing them1 is visited by one fourth of the sin 7consequent thereon7 7#be74 ,the subjects follow the example set by the king in religious practices 7#bf74 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 you have observed the practices laid down in the eternal ,vedas and incomparable is my satisfaction therefore 7#bg74 ,greatly pleased with you ,i will confer upon you a most excellent boon--do you pray for it which it is hard to get in the three worlds 7#bh74 ,as long as you will wish to live ,death will not be able to extend his influence on you4 ,when you will permit him he will overpower you then only 7#bi74 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 if there is any other boon which you wish to pray for1 tell me and ,i shall grant it 7#cj74 ,on 7my father7 saying this1 ,i1 saluting him with folded hands1 said ,o most exalted person1 with your being propitiated ,i have achieved all my objects 7#ca74 ,o you of great effulgence1 if ,i am again entitled to a favour1 ,i wish to put a question which ,i desire you to answer yourself 7#cb74 ,my virtuous-souled father then said to me ,o ,bhishma1 tell me whatever you like4 ,o ,bhrata1 ,i will remove your doubt about what you will ask me 7#ce74 ,filled with curiosity ,i asked my father who had repaired to the region of the performers of good deeds and who then disappeared from that place 7#cd74 ,bhishma said3--,i have heard that the ancestral manes are the gods of the gods4 ,are they the gods or they are others to whom we offer our adoration 7#ce78 ,how the ,pindas offered at ,srddhas propitiate the ,pitris who have gone to the other world8 ,what are the fruits of a ,srddha 7#cf78 ,to whom the people1 accompanied by the gods1 ,dnavas1 ,ykshas1 ,rkshasas1 ,gandharvas1 ,kinnaras and huge serpents1 dedicate their offerings 7#cg78 ,o you conversant with virtue1 ,i consider you as omniscient--,i have grave doubts in this and great is my curiosity--do you explain it to me4 ,hearing these words of ,bhishma his father said 7#ch74 ,shantanu said3--,hear1 ,o sinless descendant of ,bharata1 ,i will describe in brief the origin of the ,pitris and the fruits of ,srddhas4 ,do you hear with a concentrated mind the object of performing ,srddhas for the ,pitris4 ,the sons of the ,prime ,deity are known in heaven as ,pitris 7#ci-dj74 ,the gods1 ,asuras1 men1 ,yakshas1 ,rakshasas1 ,gandharvas1 ,kinnaras and huge serpents1 dedicate offerings to them 7#da74 ,propitiated by ,srddhas they please the world with the gods and the ,gandharvas--such is the command of ,brahm 7#db74 ,therefore1 ,o great one1 worship them with excellent ,srddhas4 ,they grant all desired-for objects and they will encompass your well-being 7#dc74 ,when you will worship them by reciting their names and families1 we also1 ,o ,bharata1 will be welcomed by them in heaven 7#dd74 ,markandeya will explain to you the remaining portion4 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 this ascetic1 devoted to his father and having a knowledge of atman1 is present to-day at the ,srddha for extending his favour unto me4 ,ask him1 ,o great one1 about this4 ,saying this he disappeared 7#de-df74 ,an oblation to deceased ancestors as a ball or lump of meat or rice mixed up with milk curds1 flowers etc and offered to the manes at the several ,sraddhas by the nearest surviving relations4 ,one of the six ,vedangas and comprehending the description of religious rites4 ,it is called ,kalpa ,sutra4 ,,chapter ,,xvii4 ,,the ,,same ,,story ,,continued4 ,bhishma said3--,thereupon at the words 7of my father7 ,i put to ,markandeya with attention the same question which ,i had put to my father before 7#a74 ,the great and virtuous ascetic ,markandeya too said to me3--,o sinless ,bhishma1 hear with attention1 ,i will describe everything 7#b74 ,markandeya said3--,i have attained longevity by my father's favour4 ,for my devotion to my father1 ,i attained great fame in the world in the days of yore 7#c74 ,at the termination of the cycle extending over many thousand years1 ,i carried on hard penances on the mount ,sumeru 7#d74 ,thereupon one day ,i espied a huge car coming from the north of the mountain and lighting the heaven with its lustre 7#e74 ,therein1 a vehicle in the midst of fire1 ,i saw a person measuring a thumb effulgent like fire or the ,sun4 ,saluting that lord with my head touching the ground ,i worshipped him1 lying in the vehicle1 with arghya and water for washing feet4 ,i asked that unthought-of 7person74 ,how can ,i know thee1 ,o lord 7#f-h78 ,methinks thou hast originated from ascetic energy endued with the qualities of ,nryana4 ,thou art the god of gods 7#i74 ,o ,sinless one1 that virtuous-souled one as if surprisingly said to me3 ,you have not practised well hard penances1 so you cannot recognize me 7#aj74 ,within a moment he assumed another most excellent form1 the like of which ,i had not seen before 7#aa74 ,sanatkumar said3--,know me as the first mind-begotten son of the all-powerful ,brahm4 ,from ascetic energy ,i have been born with the essential characteristics of ,nryana 7#ab74 ,i am that ,sanatkumar who had been celebrated in the ,vedas in the days of yore4 ,o ,bhrgava1 may good betide you and what desire of yours shall ,i fulfill 7#ac78 ,the other seven irrepressible sons of ,brahm are my younger brothers4 ,their families have been established 7on this earth7 7#ad74 ,they are ,kretu1 ,vasishtha1 ,pulaha1 ,pulastya1 ,atri1 ,angira1 and the learned ,marichi--the gods and ,gandharvas worship them also4 ,those ascetics1 worshipped of the gods and ,dnavas1 are upholding the three worlds 7#ae74 ,i am leading the life of a ,yatin4 ,having controlled my ownself and my passions ,i was born1 ,o great ,muni1 and ,i am still living so4 ,know me as an unmarried person4 ,and therefore ,i have obtained the appellation of ,sanatkumar 7#af-ag74 ,out of devotion to me1 you have been carrying on hard penances to behold me4 ,therefore ,i have come to you1 tell me what desire of yours ,i can fulfill 7#ah74 ,on his saying this and commanded by that all-powerful deity who was pleased with me1 ,i replied to that eternal god1 ,o descendant of ,bharata 7#ai71 ,o sinless one1 ,i then accosted the ever-existent 7deity7 regarding the origin of the ,pitris and the fruits of ,srddhas 7#bj74 ,o ,bhishma1 that foremost of gods has removed all my doubts4 ,after holding conversation for many years that virtuous-souled deity said to me3--,o ,brhmana saint1 ,i have been pleased 7with your question71 hear from me all in due order 7#ba74 ,o descendant of ,bhrigu1 ,brahm created all the gods1 thinking that they would dedicate offerings to him4 ,but leading aside they began to perform sacrifices in expectation of fruits 7#bb74 ,then imprecated by ,brahm1 the inhabitants of heaven lost all sense and consciousness4 ,they could not understand any thing and the entire world was bewildered 7#bc74 ,then prostrating themselves before the ,grand-,father 7,brahm7 they again prayed to him for the behoof of the world4 ,there upon he 7,brahm7 said to them 7#ad73--',you should undergo a penance for you have committed a transgression4 ,do ye accost your sons and you will come by true knowledge 7#be7'4 7,thereupon7 for the purpose of going through a penance they1 in great misery1 asked their sons1 who1 self-controlled as they were1 communicated to them 7the truth7 7#bf74 ',persons conversant with religious practices lay down penances for sins committed by words1 deeds and thoughts and they daily perform them 7#bg74' ,then informed of the true import of ,pryaschitta 7penance7 the gods regained their consciousness and were accosted by the sons1 saying ',go ye sons' 7#bh74 ,thus cursed and reviled the gods1 at the words of sons1 approached the grand-father 7,brahm7 to have their doubts removed 7#bi74 ,the ,deity 7,brahm7 then said to them3--',ye are all ,brahmavdins4 ,so what they have said will come to pass and it will not be otherwise 7#cj74 ,o gods1 ye have given them the body and they have given ye the knowledge and are undoubtedly your fathers 7#ca74 ,ye are gods and they are the ,pitris and undoubtedly you are their fathers and they are yours' 7#cb74 ,thereupon the dwellers of heaven returned and said to the sons3--,our doubts have been snapped by ,brahm and so we shall be loving towards each other 7#cc74 ,since ye1 being conversant with religious merit1 have conferred upon us knowledge1 you are our fathers4 ,tell us what do you seek and what boons may we confer upon you 7#cd74 ,what you have said will forsooth prove true and not be otherwise4 ,since you have addressed us as sons undoubtedly you will be our fathers 7#ce74 ,the ,rakshasas1 ,dnavas and ,ngas will be entitled to the fruits of an action which a man will perform without propitiating the ,pitris with the performance of ,srddhas 7#cf74 ,being propitiated by ,srddhas the ,pitris will propitiate the eternal4 ,moon4 ,and being propitiated by you1 they will continue flourishing every day 7#cg74 ,being propitiated by ,srddha the ,moon will afford delight to all the worlds consisting of oceans1 mountains1 forests and all creatures both mobile and immobile 7#ch74 ,the ,pitris will always confer nourishment and progeny upon those men1 who desirous of nourishment1 will perform ,srddhas 7#ci74 ,being propitiated with oblations afforded at ,srddhas1 the ,pitris with the ,omnipresent ,grand-,father will advance the prosperity of those who will offer three ,pindas uttering their names and ,gotras at the time of ,srddha 7#dj74 ,this order was formerly announced by ,parameshthi ,brahm4 ,let his words prove true to-day1 ,o gods1 and we are now respectively fathers and sons4 ,sanatkumar said3--,those ,pitris are the gods and the gods are the gods1 and they are respectively each other's fathers 7#db74 ,a sage whose passions are completely under subjection4 ,for the negligence of not worshipping the true object of adoration4 ,the doubt1 referred to1 is why they were addressed by their sons1 as sons4 ,brahmavadins means conversant with the knowledge of ,brhmana4 ,the sentence is elliptical1 the full import is3 ye are all conversant with the knowledge of ,brhmana but not gifted with ,yoga powers4 ,it is for this reason the usual practice amongst the ,hindus is that they perform the ,srddha of their ancestral manes before the commencement of any ceremony4 ,,chapter ,,xviii4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,pitris4 ,markandeya said3--,hear from me everything from the very beginning1 ,o son of ,ganga1 of my doubts which ,i again referred to that reverend eternal deity ,sanatkumar the foremost of immortals after having been addressed by that effulgent god of gods 7#a-b74 ,what is the number of those ancestral manes and in what region are they stationed8 ,and where do live the leading gods who derive nourishment from ,soma 7juice78 7#c7 ,sanatkumar said3--,o foremost of those who perform sacrifices1 it is laid down in ,scriptures1 that there are seven ancestral manes who all live in heaven4 ,of them four are with forms and three without them 7#d74 ,o you having asceticism for your wealth1 hear1 ,i will describe at length their region1 creation1 prowess and greatness 7#e74 ,of them the most excellent three assumed the form of ,dharma 7virtue74 ,hear1 ,i shall describe their names and regions 7#f74 ,the regions1 where the effulgent and formless ancestral manes1 the sons of ,prajpati live1 are 7designated as7 eternal 7#g74 ,o foremost of the twice-born1 the region of ,virja is known by the name of ,vairja4 ,the celestials adore them with ceremonies laid down in ,scriptures 7#h74 ,these ,brahmavdins1 when they deviate from the paths of ,yoga come down to ,sanatana 7eternal7 regions and after the expiration of a thousand yugas they take their birth 7#i74 ,then obtaining again the recollection of the most excellent ,snkhya ,yoga and securing the consummate development of their powers they again attain to that ,yoga state which it is so hard to acquire 7#aj74 ,o my child1 they are the ,pitris who enhance the ascetic powers of the ,yogins and they1 by their ,yoga1 propitiated ,soma in the days of yore 7#aa74 ,therefore ,srddhas should be performed particularly for the ,yogins4 ,this is the first creation of the high-souled drinkers of ,soma 7#ab74 ,their mind-begotten daughter ,mena was the first wife of the mountain chief ,himalaya4 ,her son was called ,mainka 7#ac74 ,his son was the effulgent great mountain ,krauncha4 ,this best of mountains was white and abounded in various sorts of jewels 7#ad74 ,the mountain-king begat on ,mena three daughters1 namely1 ,aparna1 ,ekaparn--and the third was ,ekapatla 7#ae74 ,having carried on hard austerities1 which even the ,gods and ,dnavas cannot practise with difficulty1 those three daughters disturbed all the worlds consisting of mobile and immobile creatures 7#af74 ,ekaparn used to live upon one leaf only and ,ekaptala used to live upon one ,patala flower only 7#ag74 ,and when ,aparn divorced from food began to carry on hard austerities1 her mother1 stricken with sorrow1 consequent upon her motherly affection1 prevented her1 saying ,u4 ,ma4 7#ah74 ,thus addressed by her mother1 that fair goddess1 carrying on hard penances1 became celebrated in the three worlds by the name of ,uma 7#ai74 ,she also became celebrated by the name of ,yogadharmin4 ,o ,bhargava1 this world consisting of three maidens shall 7for ever7 exist 7#bj74 ,all the three were endued with yoga energy and bodies perfected by hard austerities4 ,they were all conversant with the knowledge of ,brahman and had controlled their carnal desires 7#ba74 ,the beautiful ,um was the eldest and foremost of them4 ,gifted with great yoga powers she approached the ,great ,deity ,siva 7#bb74 ,ekaparn was given away as a wife unto the high-souled1 intelligent and the great ,yogin and preceptor1 the black ,devala 7#bc74 ,know ,ekaptala as the wife of ,jaigishavya4 ,those two noble maidens approached those two preceptors of yoga 7#bd74 ,the celestials offer watery oblations for all those regions of ,somayagins that are called ,somapad and where dwell the sons and ancestral manes of the ,patriarch ,marichi 7#be74 ,they all pass by the name of ,agnisvatta and are gifted with immeasurable energy4 ,they have a mind-born daughter by name ,achhod who travels underneath 7#bf74 ,from that 7river7 has sprung a lake by the name of ,achhoda4 ,she had never seen her ancestral manes before 7#bg74 ,that one of beautiful smiles 7thou7 saw her bodiless ancestral manes4 ,she was begotten of their mind and did not know her4 ,for this misfortune that beautiful damsel was greatly ashamed4 ,beholding the ancestral mane ,vasu1 the illustrious son of ,ayu by the name of ,amvasu1 who was passing through the etherial region in a car along with the ,apsar ,adrik1 she thought of him 7first7 7#bh-cj74 ,on account of her this frailty1 that she thought of another and not her own father1 that one capable of assuming forms of her will lost her ,yoga power and fell down 7#ca74 ,when she fell down from the celestial region she behold three cars of the size of ,esarenu and espied in them her ancestral manes 7#cb74 ,they looked exceedingly subtle1 indistinct and like fire offered into clarified butter4 ,while she was in distress and falling down with her head downwards she exclaimed ,save me 7#cc74 ,the ancestral manes stationed on the cars said to their girl who was in the etherial region do not fear4 ,then with purely words she began to propitiate the ancestral manes 7#cd74 ,the ancestral manes then said to that girl who was divested of all her merits on account of this transgression3--,o thou of pure smiles1 for thy own folly1 thou hast been divested of all thy merits 7#ce74 ,the celestials attain1 in heaven1 to the fruits of their actions which they perform with their bodies in this world 7#cf74 7,sometimes7 the celestials1 by their 7mere7 determination attain to the fruits of their actions but mankind reap them only when they repair to the next world4 ,therefore1 ,o daughter1 by practising hard austerities in this world thou shalt reap the fruits thereof in the next 7#cg74 ,thus accosted by her own ,pitris the maiden began propitiating them4 ,then realising the truth in their own minds1 they all1 out of compassion1 became pleased with her 7#ch74 ,knowing that all this is inevitable they asked that maiden to act 7in that way7 and said to her3--,thou shalt be born as the daughter of the high-souled king ,vasu who is born on earth among men4 ,being born as his daughter thou shalt again attain to thy own regions which it is so hard to gain 7#ci-dj74 ,thou shalt give birth to the illustrious son of ,parshara4 ,that great ,brhmana saint shall divide the one ,veda into four parts 7#da74 ,two sons1 the illustrious and pious ,vichitravirya and ,chitrangada1 will be born unto the king ,shntanu1 who was 7in another birth the king7 ,mahbhisha4 ,having given birth to these sons thou shalt again attain to thy own regions4 ,on account of thy transgressions towards thy ancestral manes thou shalt come by these inferior births 7#db-dc74 ,thou shalt be begotten as his daughter by this king on his wife ,adrik4 ,in the eighteenth ,dwpara cycle thou shalt be born as a fish 7#dd74 ,thus spoken to by her ancestral manes that maiden was born in ,dasha family as ,satyavati4 ,first born as a fish she became the daughter of the king ,vasu 7#de74 ,the picturesque region ,vaibhrja1 where dwell the ,pitris celebrated in heaven as ,varhishadas1 is situate in ,dyuloka 7#df74 ,the highly effulgent celestials1 ,yakshas1 ,gandharvas1 ,rakshasas1 ,ngas1 ,sarpas 7serpents71 ,suparnas 7birds7 offer oblations for 7the attainment of those7 regions 7#dg74 ,they are the offspring of the high-souled ,patriarch ,pulastya4 ,they were all great1 highly meritorious1 energetic and used to carry on ascetic observances4 ,their mind-born daughter was known as ,pivari4 ,she was 7herself7 a great ascetic1 the wife of an ascetic1 and the mother of an ascetic 7#dh-di74 ,o you foremost of the pious1 at the commencement of ,dwpara ,yuga1 the great ascetic and ,yogin ,suka1 the foremost of ,brhmanas born in the race of ,parashara1 will take birth in that ,yuga4 ,he will be begotten by ,vyasa on ,arani like fire divested of smoke 7#ej-ea74 ,he will beget on that daughter of the ancestral manes four sons1 viz1 the highly powerful ,yoga-teacher ,krishna1 ,goura1 ,prabhu and ,shambhu1 and a daughter by name ,kritw1 who will be the mother of ,brahmadatta and the queen of king ,anuha 7#eb-ec74 ,having begotten these vow-observing teachers of ,yoga and listened to various forms of religion from his own sire ,vyasa1 the immeasurably intelligent1 pious and ascetic ,rishi ,suka repaired to the region from where no one returns--the eternal1 undecaying region of ,brahman shorn of all troubles1 where reside the shape-less ,pitris in the form of virtue1 and where has originated this theme of ,vrishnis and ,andhakas 7#ed-ee74 ,the ancestral manes of the ,patriarch ,vasishtha1 known as ,suktas1 live eternally in heaven and the region lighted by the effulgence that grants the consummation of all desires4 ,the ,brhmanas always offer them oblations 7#eg74 ,their mind born daughter is known as ,go in the region of celestials1 who will be given 7in marriage7 to your family and be the other beloved wife of ,suka4 ,the ,sdhyas have a well-known daughter1 ever enhancing their fame1 by name ,ekashring4 7#eh74 ,she lives in the regions effulgent like the rays of the ,sun4 ,the ,kshatriyas1 who wish to reap the fruits of their actions1 propitiate the sons of ,angiras1 who had formerly been rendered prosperous by ,sddhyas4 ,their mind-born daughter is known as ,yashod 7#ei-fj74 ,she was the wife of ,vishwamahata1 daughter-in-law of ,vriddhasharm and the mother of the high-souled royal saint ,dilipa 7#fa74 ,o my son1 formerly in the cycle of gods1 at the great horse-sacrifice of the king ,dilipa the great saints chanted various themes with joy 7#fb74 ,hearing of the birth of ,agni 7fire-god7 from some descendant of ,shandili1 those men1 who will behold the truthful and high-souled performer of sacrifices ,dilipa1 will conquer the celestial region 7#fc74 ,the ancestral manes of the ,patriarch ,karddama1 ,sudhanws by name1 came into being from the noble ,brhmana ,pulaha 7#fd74 ,they1 gifted with etherial movements1 are living in the regions where the dwellers move about of their own will4 ,the ,vaishyas who wish to reap the fruits of their actions1 offer oblations unto them 7#fe74 ,their mind-born daughter is celebrated by the name of ,viraja4 ,o ,brahman1 she will be the mother of ,yayati and the wife of ,nahusha 7#ff74 ,thus ,i have described to you the three orders3 hear from me of the fourth order4 ,the drinkers of ,soma juice1 who were begotten on ,swadh the daughter of ,kavi1 were the offspring of ,hiranyagarbha4 ,the ,sudras encompass their gratification 7#fg74 ,the etherial region where they dwell is called ,mnasa4 ,their mind-born daughter is ,narmad the foremost of streams 7#fh74 ,traversing the southern way she is purifying the creatures4 ,she is the wife of ,purukutsa and the mother of ,trsadasyu 7#ei74 ,the ancestral manes are to be adored--and when this is neglected at various cycles the ,patriarch ,manu introduces the performance of ,srddha in their honour 7#gj74 ,o foremost of the twice-born1 of all the ancestral manes ,yama was first born and he protected all created beings by his own virtue4 ,therefore he is designated in the ,vedas as ,srddhadeva 7#ga74 ,when after reciting the mystic formulae1 oblation is offered in silver or silver-plated vessels to the ancestral manes it encompasses their gratification 7#gb74 ,having first propitiated ,yama the son of ,vivaswn and then ,soma1 one should offer oblation unto fire2 and in the absence of fire unto water 7#gc74 ,the ancestral manes are pleased with him who reverentially brings about their gratification1 and confer upon him nourishment1 innumerable offspring1 wealth and all other desired-for objects4 ,o ascetic1 the worship of the ancestral manes is preferred to that of the celestials 7#gd-ge74 ,it is ordained by scriptures that before the celestials the ancestral manes should be gratified4 ,the latter are easily pleased1 freed from anger and they confer the most excellent gratification on men 7#gf74 ,o descendant of ,bhrigu1 the gratification of ancestral manes is ever constant4 ,therefore do thou bow unto them4 ,thou art ever devoted unto thy ancestral manes and specially unto me 7#gg74 ,i shall do what conduces to thy well-being4 ,do thou witness it thyself4 ,o sinless one1 ,i shall confer on thee celestial vision together with discriminative knowledge 7#gh74 ,listen attentively1 ,o ,markandeya1 to the means thereof4 ,this is not the ,yoga state of the celestials but the most excellent state of the celestials 7#gi74 ,such persons of consummate ascetic powers behold me with their own eyes4 ,having thus spoken to me who was present before him and conferred upon me celestial vision together with discriminative knowledge1 which even the celestials can with difficulty acquire1 the ,lord of celestials 7,sanatkumar7 repaired to his wished-for region like the second burning fire 7#hj-ha74 ,o foremost of ,kurus1 hear now1 what ,i had heard1 by the favour of that ,god--7things7 above the comprehension of men in this world 7#ab74 ,this is a name of the ,goddess ,uma4 ,it literally means who is naturally intent on carrying on ,yoga practises4 ,the word in the text is ,tapamaya body4 ,it is very difficult to render the expression into ,english4 ,tapas means hard religious practises1 such as1 placing one's self in the midst of burning fire1 exposing one's self day and night under the ,sun and to cold4 ,by such practises a yogin can acclimatise his body to the influences of climate and restrain his passions4 ,thus ,tapamaya body means a body that is used to both heat and cold and all other climatic influences and that has mastered all the functions1 ,those who invoke the deities by offering them ,soma juice--a delicious drink which is much liked by the gods according to ,hindu ideas4 ,this mind-born daughter refers to a river of the same name that has come down from that region to earth4 ,the word in the text is ,vabre which literally means to choose as a husband4 ,it may also mean to offer benedictory offerings to a deity or person4 ,as it is impossible for a daughter to choose one of her ancestors as her husband the word evidently means here to accept him and give him offerings as her father4 ,the context proves that the maiden was anxious to behold her ancestral manes and so when she first saw ,vasu1 she took him for her father and offered him adoration4 ,later she perceived that he was not her father and her real ,pitris were in the three cars4 ,this was evidently a transgression1 for which1 as is seen later on1 she was doomed to take birth as the daughter of ,vasu4 ,we have put in ,sometimes only for preserving consistency4 ,in the previous sloka it is mentioned that even the celestials perform actions in this world and then attain to the fruits thereof in the next4 ,thus the gods also are under the influence of ,karma4 ,whereas in this sloka it is said that by mere determination they attain to the fruits of their actions4 ,therefore the consistency is not preserved unless we put in the word ',sometimes'4 ,the author evidently had in view that the celestials1 though under the influence of ,karma1 are sometimes freed therefrom4 ,but that is not the case with men4 ,they cannot avoid the consequences of their actions under any circumstances whatever4 ,this refers to ,veda ,vyasa who compiled and arranged the four ,vedas4 ,the word ,vyasa means an arranger ,veda ,vyasa is the surname of a ,rishi1 the son of ,parashara1 who compiled the four ,vedas4 ,the ,vedas originally existed in the shape of hymns that were sung by the ancient ,aryans and passed from one family to another as sacred heir-looms4 ,for some centuries they existed in this form4 ,it was this great ,rishi who first committed them to writing and arranged them in the order in which they are now found4 ,the four divisions are his own creation4 ,on account of this great work he received the appellation ',veda-,vyasa'4 ,,chapter ,,xix4 ,,bharadwaja's ,,family4 ,markandeya said3--,o my child1 in the previous ,yuga1 the ,brhmanas1 the sons of ,bharadwja1 although carrying on ,yoga practices1 were polluted by their transgressions 7#a74 ,on account of their degradation consequent upon the violation of ,yoga practices they will remain in an unconscious state on the other side of the huge lake called ,mnasa 7#b74 ,stupified by the thought that the transgressions 7they had committed7 had been washed away and having failed to attain to the state of union 7with ,brahman7 they became invested with the characteristics of time 7#c74 ,and although they had deviated from the path of ,yoga1 they lived for a long time in the land of celestials4 ,they will be born in the land of ,kurus as foremost of men1 the sons of ,kushika 7#d74 ,they will carry on religious practices by slaying creatures for the ancestral manes4 ,and again being 7thus7 degraded they will come by the most inferior birth 7#e74 ,on account of the favour of ancestral manes and their pristine birth they will have recollection of those inferior births 7#f74 ,they will be of controlled minds and always carry on religious practices4 ,and again by their own ,karma they will acquire the status of ,brhmanas 7#g74 ,they will then acquire the knowledge of unification 7of the human soul with the divine soul7 on account of their pristine birth4 ,and then having attained perfection again they will acquire the eternal region 7#h74 ,thus you will repeatedly pay attention towards religion and acquire a most consummate mastery of ,yoga 7#i74 ,it is very difficult for men of limited understanding to acquire mastery of ,yoga4 ,if they happen to acquire it1 that even is destroyed on account of their being contaminated by vices4 ,those who commit iniquities and torture their elders 7also lose their ,yoga7 7#aj74 ,those1 who do not beg by unfair means1 who protect those seeking refuge with them1 who do not disregard the poor1 who are not elated with pride on account of their riches1 who are of regular habits both as regards diet and other appetites1 who energetically carry on their own work1 who are bent upon carrying on meditation and studies1 who do not seek to recover their stolen properties1 who do not always seek enjoyments1 who do not take meat or drink intoxicating liquors1 who are not addicted to sexual pleasures1 who serve the ,brhmanas1 who do not take pleasure in impure conversation1 who are not idle1 who are not haughty and egoistic1 such accomplished persons acquire ,yoga1 which it is so hard to acquire in this world4 ,persons of quiescent souls1 who have mastered anger1 who are shorn of egotism and pride and who are observant of vows1 are crowned with blessings4 ,such were the ,brhmanas of that period 7#aa-af74 ,they used to remember their follies consequent upon their mistakes1 engage in study and meditation and walk in the path of peace 7#ag7 ,there is no other religious rite1 ,o you conversant with religion1 superior to ,yoga4 ,it reigns supreme over all other religious observances4 ,practise it therefore1 ,o descendant of ,bhrigu 7#ah74 ,with the advancement of years1 one1 who lives upon restricted diet1 who has mastered his senses and who is respectful1 acquires ,yoga 7#ai74 ,having said this the reverend ,sanatkumra disappeared therefrom4 ,eighteen years appeared to me as one day 7#bj74 ,having worshipped that lord of deities for eighteen years1 by the grace of that divine person1 ,i did not suffer any pain 7#ba74 ,o sinless one1 ,i did not feel then hunger and thirst nor 7the progress of7 time4 ,afterwards ,i learnt about time from my disciple 7#bb74 i4 e4 ,they became mortal like other creatures who become subject to death in time4 ,,chapter ,,xx4 ,,account ,,of ,,brahmadatta ,,and ,,the ,,strange ,,bird4 ,markandeya said3--,after the disappearance of that deity and according to the words of that lord1 ,i acquired discriminative knowledge along with celestial vision 7#a74 ,thereupon1 ,o son of ,gang1 ,i saw at ,kurukshetra1 all those ,brhmanas1 the descendants of ,koushika of whom that lord 7,sanatkumr7 spoke to me 7#b74 ,of them the seventh ,brhmana became the king ,brahmadatta4 ,by his name1 character and action he also became celebrated by the name ,pitridatta 7#c74 ,in an excellent city by name ,kmpilya1 the foremost of kings ,anuha begat that monarch on ,suka's daughter ,kritvi 7#d74 ,bhishma said3--,o king1 hear ,i shall describe the family of that king as recounted by the highly regenerate great ,rishi ,mrkandeya 7#e74 ,yudhisthira said3--,whose son was ,anuha1 the foremost of the pious8 ,in what age was he born8 ,how powerful was he8 ,whose son was the highly illustrious king ,brahmadatta8 ,how did the seventh ,brhmana become a king 7#f-g78 7,certainly7 the self-controlled1 omnipotent sage ,suka1 respected by all the world1 did not give away his illustrious daughter ,kritvi to an effeminate person 7#h74 ,o thou of great effulgence1 ,i wish to hear at length the account of ,brahmadatta2 it behoves thee to describe it 7#i74 ,do thou describe unto me how the ,brhmanas1 mentioned by ,mrkandeya1 are living in the world 7#aj74 ,bhishma said3--,i have heard that this king 7,brahmadatta7 was contemporary of my grand-father the royal saint ,pratipa 7,,ii74 ,the noble ascetic ,brahmadatta1 the foremost of royal saints1 was grateful unto all creatures and engaged in their well-being 7#ab74 ,he made 7that division of the ,vedas7 which is called ,siksh by means of his ,tapas and instituted an order of study4 ,the highly illustrious teacher of ,yoga1 ,glava1 was his friend and the ascetic ,kandarik was his minister 7#ac74 ,in another birth they all help each other4 ,as narrated by the noble and great ascetic ,mrkandeya they1 in the seventh birth1 were all gifted with unlimited energy 7#ad74 ,hear1 ,o king1 ,i shall describe to you the ancient family of the high-souled king ,brahmadatta born in the race of ,puru 7#af74 ,the pious son of ,vrihatkshetra was celebrated by the name of ,suhotra4 ,suhotra's son was known by the name of ,hasti 7#af74 ,by him in the days of yore the most excellent city of ,hastinpur was founded4 ,hasti had three highly pious sons 7#ag74 ,of them the eldest was ,ajmida1 the second ,dwimida and the youngest ,paramida4 ,ajmida begat on ,dhumini the king ,vrihadishu whose son was the highly illustrious ,vrihaddhanu 7#ah74 ,his son ,vrihadbharma was known as a highly pious king4 ,his son was ,satyajit whose son was ,viswajit 7#ai74 ,his son was the king ,senajit who had four sons celebrated in the world 7#bj74 ,ruchira1 ,swetaketu1 ,mahim nra and ,vatsa1 the king of ,avanti--these were his four sons 7#ba74 ,ruchira's son was the highly illustrious ,prithusena whose son was ,pra1 from whom was born ,neepa 7#bb74 ,neepa had a hundred sons who all were of unlimited energy1 mighty car-warriors1 heroic and powerful4 ,all these kings were known by the name of ,neepa 7#bc74 ,the illustrious descendant of those ,neepas was known as ,samara in the ,province of ,kmpilya4 ,he was greatly fond of ,dar 7#bd74 ,samara had three sons--,para1 ,pra and ,sadashwa1 who were all greatly pious4 ,para's son was ,prithu 7#be74 ,prithu's son was ,sukrita1 who1 by good actions1 was endued with all accomplishments4 ,his son was ,vibhrja 7#bf74 ,his son was the king ,anuha4 ,he was the illustrious son-in-law of ,suka and the husband of ,kritvi 7#bg74 ,anuha's son was the royal saint ,brahmadatta4 ,his son was the ascetic ,viswaksena1 the subduer of foes 7#bh74 ,by his own actions ,vibhrja was again born 7as the son of ,brahmadatta74 ,he had another son by the name of ,sarvasena 7#bi74 ,his eyes1 ,o king1 were torn by a sparrow known by the name of ,pujany 7worshipful7 that lived in the house of ,brahmadatta for a long time 7#cj74 ,brahmadatta had an other highly powerful son by the name of ,viswaksena 7#ca74 ,his son was the king ,dandasena4 ,his son was ,bhattata who was formerly killed by ,karna 7#cb74 ,this son of ,dandasena was heroic and perpetuated his race4 ,o ,yudhishthira1 ,bhattata's son was evil-minded 7#cc74 ,o king1 he brought about the fall of the house of ,neepas4 ,for him all the ,neepas were destroyed by ,ugrayudha 7#cd74 ,i have killed ,ugryudha1 in battle1 on account of his being elated with pride4 ,he was proud and took delight in haughtiness and sinful ways 7#ce74 ,yudhisthira said3--,whose son was ,ugrayudha8 ,and in whose family was he born8 ,for what did you kill him8 ,tell me all this 7#cf74 ,bhishma said3--,ajamida's son was the learned king ,yavinara4 ,his son was ,dhritimn whose son was ,satyadhriti 7#cg74 ,his son was the powerful ,dridanemi whose son was the king ,sudharm 7#ch74 ,his son was the king ,srvabhouma4 ,he was the only ,lord ,paramount of the world and was 7therefore7 called ,srvabhouma 7#ci74 ,in his family was born ,mahn1 the descendant of ,puru4 ,mahn's son was known as the king ,rukmaratha 7#dj74 ,his son was the king ,suprshwa1 whose son was the pious ,sumati 7#da74 ,his son was the virtuous-souled and powerful ,sannati4 ,his son was the valiant king ,krita 7#db74 ,he was the disciple of the high-souled ,hiranyanbha4 ,by him the ,sanhita of the ,sma ,veda has been sung in twenty-four ways 7#dc74 ,for this reason the western ,saman and the chanters thereof are known under the appellation of ,krti4 ,krita's son was the heroic ,ugrayudha1 born in the race of ,puru 7#dd74 ,by displaying his prowess he slew the highly energetic king of ,pnchala1 ,neepa by name1 the grand-father of ,prishata 7#de74 ,ugryudha's son was the highly illustrious king ,kshemya1 whose son was ,suvira and whose son was ,nripanjaya 7#df74 ,from ,nripanjaya was born ,vahuratha--all these kings are called ,pauravas4 ,o my son1 ,ugrayudha grew highly vicious 7#dg74 ,having burnt down all the ,neepas he brought about their extinction4 ,slaying all the ,neepas and other kings he was filled with pride 7#dh74 ,after the death of my father he told me 7many7 sinful words4 ,o king1 while ,i was lying down on earth encircled by my courtiers ,ugryudha's messenger came to me and said3--,o foremost of ,kurus1 do thou give me thy illustrious mother ,gandhakli1 the jewel of a female1 as my wife 7#di-ej74 ,forsooth shall ,i confer upon thee a prosperous kingdom and riches4 ,i have acquired jewels1 according to my desire1 on earth 7#ea74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 by merely hearing of this my effulgent and irrepressible discus or at the very sight of it the enemies fly away from the field of battle 7#eb74 ,if dost thou seek thy kingdom1 life and the well-being of thy family1 obey my command or else thou shalt have no peace 7#ec74 ,i heard these words resembling the flames of fire from the messenger despatched by him while ,i was lying down on earth on a ,ku bed 7#ed74 ,o undeteriorating one1 thus informed of the desire of that vicious-minded one1 ,i ordered my commander-in-chief to undertake a war 7#ee74 ,as ,vichitravirja was a boy and under my protection1 ,i was filled with rage and made up my mind for engaging in a war 7#ef74 ,but1 ,o sinless one1 all my ministers1 well-versed in counsels1 the god-like ,ritwikas1 well-meaning friends and companions well-read in scriptures1 all requested me to desist and pointed out sound reasonings too 7#eg-eh74 ,the ministers said3--,o lord1 this vicious-souled 7,ugrvudha7 is carrying on the work of devastation and thou1 too1 art impure4 ,so thou shouldst not undertake a war as thy first work 7#ei74 ,we shall first resort to the expedients of conciliation1 gifts and sowing dissension4 ,and afterwards when thou shalt be pure1 thou shouldst bow unto the gods1 make the ,brhmanas perform benedictorv rites and then having saluted them and obtained their permission1 thou shouldst set out for victory 7#fj-fa74 ,it has been laid down by the elderly sages that a man1 when he is in mourning1 should not take up a weapon or enter into a contract 7#fb74 ,first thou shouldst try the expedient of conciliation and gift and then try to sow dissension4 ,and afterwards thou shouldst slay him1 manifesting thy prowess1 as ,indra killed 7the demon7 ,samvara 7#fc74 ,o king1 the words of the elderly sages should be obeyed in proper time4 ,hearing this ,i desisted from fightlng 7#fd74 ,thereupon those ministers1 well-versed in counsels1 tried all the expedients4 ,o foremost of ,kurus1 at that time the most excellent work began 7#fe74 ,although solicited by the expedients of conciliation and others settled upon by the sages that wicked-minded one was not won over 7#ff74 ,though the discus of that sinful one was set in motion1 it immediately stopped on account of his longing for others' wives 7#fg74 4 ,i did not perceive then that his most excellent discus had stopped1 which1 spoken ill of by the pious1 had been rendered abortive by its own action 7#fh74 ,then being purified and having benedictorv rites performed by the ,brhmanas1 ,i set out from the city in a car with my bow and arrows and engaged in a fight with my enemy 7#fi74 ,thereupon encountering the army strengthened by weapons there took place a mad fight which lasted for three days like that between the gods and demons 7#gj74 ,when the battle raged to its highest pitch1 that hero1 consumed completely by the might of my weapons1 gave up his ghost and fell down with his face downwards 7#ga74 ,in the meantime1 ,o my son1 ,prishata started for the province of ,kmpilya4 ,on the king ,neepa and ,ugrayudha being slain that highly effulgent one obtained his ancestral kingdom ,ahichhatra4 ,o king1 he was the father of king ,drupada and an ally of mine 7#gb-gc74 ,afterwards having defeated ,drupada by force in battle1 ,arjuna conferred the province of ,kmpilya together with that of ,ahichchatra on ,drona 7#gd74 ,having accepted both the kingdom1 ,drona1 the foremost of victors1 gave away ,kmpilya to ,drupada4 ,this is known to you 7#ge74 ,i have thus described to you in detail the race of ,brahmadatta1 the ancestor of ,drupada and that of the hero ,ugryudha 7#gf74 ,yudhisthira said3--,o son of ,gang1 why did the bird ,pujanya put out the eyes of the eldest son of the ,brahmadatta 7#gg78 ,she lived for a long time in his house4 ,why did she 7then7 commit such a mischief by that high-souled king 7#gh78 ,why did ,pujanya contract friendship with him8 ,do thou duly satisfy all these my doubts 7#gi74 ,bhishma said3--,o ,emperor6 ,o ,yudhishthira6 hear in due order what took place formerly in the house of ,brahmadatta 7#hj71 ,o king1 a certain female bird was the companion of ,brahmadatta4 ,her two wings were white1 head red and back and abdomen were black 7#ha74 ,brahmadatta was greatly attached to that female companion4 ,o best of men1 she made a nest in his house and lived there 7#hb74 ,she every day used to go out of the palace and roam at large on the bank of ocean1 in lakes and ponds 7#hc74 ,having ranged over the rivers1 mountains1 woods1 pleasure gardens1 ponds perfumed with fragrant white water-lilies and places the air whereof is impregnated with the perfume of lilies and lotuses and abounding in swans1 ,srasas and ,krandavas1 she used to come back in the night to the city of ,kmpilya and live in the house of the intelligent king ,brahmadatta 7#hd-hf74 ,o king1 whatever strange things she saw in her peregenations in various parts of the country1 she used to describe them to the king in her conversation in the night4 ,o descendant of ,kuru1 once on a time a son1 the foremost of kings1 was born to ,brahmadatta1 celebrated by the name of ,sarvasena4 ,pujany also gave birth to an egg there 7#hg-hi74 ,in time that egg opened and thence came out a lump of flesh with legs1 arms and face 7#ij74 ,o king1 its face was tawny coloured and had no eyes4 ,gradually that young one got its eyes and its wings grew a little 7#ia74 ,pujany used to love equally her young one and the ,prince1 and gradually became fond of them 7#ib74 ,and she every evening used to pick up with her beaks two ambrosial fruits for 7the prince7 ,sarvasena and her young one 7#ic74 ,brahmadatta's son and the young one delightedly lived upon those two fruits 7#id74 ,by daily partaking of those fruits they began to grow up4 ,when during the day ,pujany used to go away the nurse gave play to ,brahmadatta's son in the company of that young one of the bird 7#ie-if74 ,when ,pujany went out of the nest the ,prince used to take away that young sparrow for play 7#ig74 ,once on a time the ,prince held fast the young bird by the neck for which1 ,o king1 it immediately died 7#ih74 ,beholding the young bird set free a little with its mouth wide open1 that had been killed by the boy1 the king was greatly sorry and remonstrated with the nurse4 ,he was filled with great grief for that young sparrow 7#ig-ajj74 ,pujany too1 who used to range in the forest1 came at that time to the palace of ,brahmadatta with two fruits 7#aja74 ,coming there she saw the child1 that came out of her body1 dead 7#ajb74 ,beholding her dead young one she at first lost consciousness but afterwards gradually regained it4 ,regaining her consciousness the poor bird began to bewail 7#ajc74 ,pujany said3--,o my child1 when ,i used to come back to my nest emitting my cries you were wont to come to me with your thousand indistinct accents 7#ajd74 ,why do you not come to me to-day with your mouth open1 yellow face and black throat 7#aje78 ,i always cry embracing you with my wings4 ,why do ,i not hear to-day your inarticulate sound 7#ajf78 ,i had always this desire that some day or other ,i shall see my young one begging water with its mouth open and shaking its wings 7#ajg74 ,that desire of mine is now frustrated with your death4 ,having thus bewailed in various ways she said to the king 7#ajh74 ,o king1 you are a ,kshatriya1 you know the eternal ways of religion4 ,then why have you got my young one slain by the nurse 7#aji7 ,o wretch of a ,kshasriya1 why did your son take away my young one and kill it8 ,methinks1 you have not listened to ,sruti of ,angiras 7#aaj74 ,one who seeks shelter1 one who is hungry1 one who is assailed by his enemies and one who lives for ever in his house should be protected by a man 7#aaa74 ,he who neglects this duty goes without any doubt to the hell ,kumbhipka4 ,how can the deities and the manes accept ,havi and food consecrated with ,swadha mantras offered by him 7#aab78 ,having thus said to the great king1 7the bird71 stricken with grief and possessed by ten-fold characteristics1 tore off the eyes of the boy 7#aac74 ,thereupon the eyes of the prince were put out4 ,having thus blinded him the bird ,pujany flew away into the sky 7#aad74 ,thereupon beholding his own son the king said to the bird3--,renounce your grief1 ,o auspicious one4 ,you have done well1 ,o timid bird4 7#aae74 ,give up your sorrow and come back2 may your friendship become everlasting4 ,live in my city and enjoy4 ,may good betide you 7#af74 ,for the misfortune of my son ,i have not the least anger for you4 ,be my friend4 ,may you fare well4 ,you have done your duty 7#aag74 ,pujany said3--,i know how much love you have for your son like me4 ,making your son blind ,i do not wish to live here 7#aah74 ,hear ,i shall recount the themes narrated by the preceptor ,sukra4 ',one should always leave at a distance a bad friend1 a bad country1 a bad son and a bad wife4 ,there can be no friendship for an evil friend and attachment for a bad wife4 ,one cannot expect ,pinda from3 a bad son and one cannot rely on a bad king 7#aai-abj74 ,who can trust a bad friend8 ,one cannot live in a bad country4 ,people are always afraid of a bad king and a bad son always brings on misery 7#aba74 ,that wretch of a man1 who being weak and having none to protect him1 confides in a man who does him injury1 does not live long 7#abb74 ,do not trust a faithless man and do not place too much confidence even on a man who is faithful4 ,fear1 begotten by confidence1 destroys all the roots 7#abc74 ,that stupid man1 who serves a man and confides in a low caste1 does not survive long 7#abd74 ,as earthworms are devoured by birds as soon as they are born1 so men1 obtaining advancement from a king1 undoubtedly meet with destruction soon 7#abe74 ,as a creeper destroys a huge tree so even a learned man1 resorting to mildness of nature and destroying his body1 daily brings about the destruction of his enemies 7#abf74 ,an enemy1 first becoming mild1 delicate and emaciated1 gradually makes the body lean and then kills us as an earth-worm gradually eradicates a tree 7#abg74 ,having made this promise in the presence of the ascetics ',i shall not destroy anybody' ,hari1 afterwards1 ,o king1 killed ,namuchi with a foam 7#abh74 ,a man destroys his enemy either with poison1 fire or water whether he be asleep1 drunk or careless 7#abi7 ,in fear of future enmity men do not leave the remnant of enemies4 ,remembering this1 example1 ,o king1 they bring about the entire extermination of their enemies 7#acj7'4 ,o king1 the remnant of enemies1 debt and fire1 becomes again united and assumes proportion4 ,therefore the remnant of these three should never be kept 7#aca74 ,an enemy laughs1 talks1 takes food from the same plate1 sits on the same seat1 but he always keeps in mind that sin 7#acb74 ,even contracting a relationship with an enemy one should not trust him4 ,the king of gods1 though himself a son-in-law1 killed ,puloma 7#acc74 ,as a deer does not approach a hunter so a wise man should not near him who speaks sweet words keeping enmity at heart 7#acd74 ,it is not proper to live near an enemy who has prospered4 ,he brings about our destruction as a river destroys a tree 7#ace74 ,even obtaining advancement from an enemy one should not trust him4 ,securing prosperity from him one meets with destruction like an earth-worm 7#acf74 ,learned persons1 who are to protect themselves1 should always keep in mind these verses chanted by the preceptor ,sukra1 ,o king1 7#acg74 ,by making your son blind ,i have committed a great iniquity so ,i place no confidence in you 7#ach74 ,having said all this the bird at once flew up into the sky4 ,i have thus ,o king1 described to you1 what took place formerly between ,pujany and the king ,brahmadatta4 ,o highly intelligent one1 ,o ,yudhisthira1 ,i shall describe to you the ancient history of ,srdha as accosted by you which was recounted by ,sanatkumar in response to a question from ,mrkandeya 7#aci-ada74 ,o king1 hear what happened in the days of yore to ,glava1 ,kundarika and ,brahmadatta the three ,brahmacharins in their seventh birth who longed for the fruit of ,srddha and good actions 7#adb-adc74 ,this is one of the parts of ,vedanga--a sacred science1 considered as subordinate to and in some sense a part of the ,vedas2 six sciences come under this denomination2 ,siksha or the science of pronounciation and articulation2 ,kalpa1 the detail of religious ceremonies2 ,vyakarana or grammar2 ,chhandas1 prosody2 ,jyotish1 astronomy2 and ,nirukta1 or the explanation of the difficult and obscure words and phrases that occur in the ,vedas4 i4e4 ,thou art in mourning on account of the death of thy father4 ,after the performance of thy father's ,srddha4 ,the word in the text is ,murdhbhisikta4 ,literally it means on whose head water is sprinkled4 ,the ,kshatriyas go through this ceremony at the time of installation4 i4e4 ,those of a drunkard1 a madman1 of one exhausted with fatigue1 hungry1 angry1 hasty1 of one afraid1 stupified and passionate4 ,,chapter ,,xxi4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,the ,,seven ,,brahmanas4 ,markandeya said3--,the people perform ,srdha and even the ,yogins do the same4 ,so ,i shall describe to you its most excellent fruit 7#a74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 religious knowledge gradually evolved from what ,brahmadatta had obtained in his seventh birth 7#b74 ,o you of great intellect shorn of sins1 hear what in the days of yore the ,brhmanas obtained by performing ,srdhas to the neglect of religion 7#c74 ,o my son1 ,i saw with my celestial vision at the field of ,kurukshetra the seven impious ,brhmanas engaged in performing religious rites for ancestral manes as pointed out by ,sanatkumr 7#d74 ,vgdustha1 ,krodhana1 ,hingsra1 ,pishuna1 ,kavi1 ,khasrima and ,pitrivarti--these seven ,brhmanas1 by name and action1 were the sons of ,koushika and the disciples of ,garga4 ,when after imprecating a curse their father left the house1 they1 taking the vow of celibacy1 began to live in the house of ,garga 7#e-f74 ,once on a time at the command of their preceptor they all went to the forest to tend the milch-cow ,kapil with its calf that had been obtained fairly 7#g74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 being stricken with hunger on the way they cherished the sinful desire of killing the cow 7#h74 ,kavi and ,khasrima1 however1 did not wish it then and they two could not prevent the other ,brhmanas 7#i74 ,of these the ,brhmana ,pitrivarti1 who used to perform daily ,srdha and other evening rites and abide by virtuous ways1 said in anger to his brothers 7#aj73--;,if you are all bent upon slaying this cow then we all1 with our minds controlled1 dedicate it to the ancestral manes 7#aa74 ,by this1 even this cow will acquire virtue no doubt4 ,and if we perform a pious rite for our ancestral manes we shall not commit an iniquity 7#ab74 ,thereupon1 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 they all1 having agreed to this1 killed the cow and having dedicated it to the ancestral manes1 took its meat 7#ac74 ,having taken the meat of the cow they all said to their preceptor3--,the cow has been killed by a tiger and here is her calf 7#ad74 ,out of simplicity the ,brhmana took the calf4 ,having imposed on their preceptor by a false story all those ,brhmanas1 on the expiration of their lease of life1 met with death 7#ae74 ,on account of their that sinful conduct towards their preceptor and for the destruction of the cow1 they1 possessed by envy1 ruthlessness and anger1 were born as the sons of a hunter4 ,they were all strong and liberal-minded4 ,on account of their duly worshipping the ancestral manes and killing the cow they carried with them the knowledge of their pristine birth and actions4 ,those learned seven ,brhmanas were born as hunters in the province of ,dashrna 7#af-ah74 ,they were all intent upon performing their own duties1 were truthful and shorn of avarice4 ,they used to work only for the time that was necessary to keep their body and soul together 7#ai74 ,the rest of the time they used to spend in meditation4 ,their names1 ,o king1 were respectively ,nirvaira1 ,nivirta1 ,kshanta1 ,nirmangu1 ,kriti1 ,vaighasa and ,mtrivarti4 ,they were all very highly pious hunters 7#bj-bb74 ,thus living and performing the duties of a hunter they worshipped and satisfied their old parents 7#bb74 ,when in time their parents died1 they1 leaving aside their bows and arrows1 renounced their lives in the forest 7#bc74 ,by those pious actions they1 in the next birth1 became deer carrying with them the recollection of their pristine birth4 ,because they used to strike terror and slay 7the deer7 they1 filled with fear1 were born in the beautiful ,klanjara mountain as deer1 named ,unmakha1 ,nityavitrasta1 ,stabdhakarna1 ,vilochana1 ,pandit1 ,ghasmar and ,ndi 7#bd-be74 ,recollecting their former birth and species they used to roam in the forest4 ,they were all of subdued minds1 peaceful1 unmarried and used to perform good works and observe the same religious rites4 ,adopting the life of a ,yogin they used to live there 7#bf-bg74 ,leading the life of ascetics and taking a small quantity of food they gave up their lives in a desert4 ,o king1 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 even now in the desert attached to the ,klanjra mountain their footsteps are seen 7#bh74 ,by those pious actions1 ,o my son1 they were divested of all evils--and they were born in a more auspicious species1 namely that of ,chakravkas 7#bi74 ,leading a life of celibacy those pious ascetics were born in the holy island of ,shara as seven water-fowls 7#cj74 ,their names were ,nispriha1 ,nirmama1 ,kshnta1 ,nirdanda1 ,nisparigraha1 ,nivritti and ,nivrita 7#ca74 ,those pious ,chakravakas were all ,brahmachrins4 ,abstaining from food and carrying on hard austerities they died on the bank of a river 7#cb74 ,those seven brothers have become these ganders ranging at will4 ,these are the seven intelligent ,brahmachrins carrying the recollection of their pristine birth 7#cc74 ,because born as ,brhmanas they1 by false words1 imposed on their preceptor1 they are now born as birds moving about in the world 7#cd74 ,and because though for their selfish ends they worshipped their ancestral manes they have obtained a knowledge of their previous birth 7#ce74 ,these ganders are respectively named ,suman1 ,suchivk1 ,sudha1 ,panchama1 ,chinnadarshana1 ,sunetra and ,swatantra 7#cf74 ,of them the fifth came by the name of ,pnchika in his seventh birth1 the sixth by that of ,pandarika1 and the seventh by that of ,brahmadatta 7#cg74 ,on account of the hard austerities performed by them in seven births1 of the ,yoga practices carried on by them and of their good ,karma they listened to the recitation of the ,vedic hymns in their first birth in the house of their preceptor4 ,in consequence thereof their inclination remained pure though they lived in the world1 7#ch-ci74 ,all these ,brahmachrins had the knowledge of ,brahman2 and having been engaged in meditation they lived there 7#dj74 ,while all those birds were living together there1 the highly prosperous1 all-powerful and the effulgent king ,vibhrja1 the head of ,neepas1 born in the race of ,puru1 along with the females of his house1 came to that forest 7#da-db74 ,beholding that prosperous king the bird ,swatantra was possessed by envy and wished to become so 7#dc74 7,he thought73--,if ,i have done any good deed and practised ,tapas1 forsooth ,i shall become such a king4 ,i have been greatly emaciated by hard-austerities yielding no fruits nor happiness 7#dd74 ,,chapter ,,xxii4 ,,the ,,curse ,,of ,,the ,,birds4 ,markandeya said3--,thereupon his comrades the other two ,chakravkas said to him3--,we shall be your ministers ever doing you good 7#a74 ,having said ,so be it his mind was engaged in ,yoga4 ,after they had entered into this contract ,shuchivk said to them 7#b74 ,while deviating from the path of a ,yogin and possessed by desire you pray for such a boon1 hear what ,i have got to say in this matter 7#c74 ,undoubtedly you will become the king of ,kmpilya and these two will be your ministers 7#d74 ,with these words the four ganders imprecated a curse on the other three4 ,and on account of their falling off from ,yoga consequent upon their praying for a kingdom they did not converse with those three 7#e74 ,losing their ,yoga 7acquirements7 and having their senses bewildered the cursed ganders prayed to their comrades for relief 7#f74 ,they were propitiated and ,suman1 as the spokesman of all1 communicated to them the following words of grace 7#g74 ,undoubtedly there will be an end of your curse4 ,freed from this birth you will be again born as men and practise ,yoga 7#h74 ,swatantra will be able to understand the sound of all animals4 ,by his counsels we have secured the favour of the ancestral manes 7#i74 ,on account of our dedicating the cow to the ancestral manes after killing we have all acquired knowledge and been practising ,yoga 7#aj74 ,hearing this only sloka1 containing the story of those 7seven7 men1 recited one shall acquire most excellent ,yoga 7#aa74 ,,chapter ,,xxiii4 ,,the ,,story ,,of ,,the ,,birds--,,continued4 ,markandeya said3--,those seven ganders1 ever practising ,yoga and ranging in the ,mnasa lake1 namely ,padmagarbha1 ,aravindaksha1 ,kshiragarbha1 ,sulochana1 ,uruvindu1 ,suvindu and ,hemagarbha1 used always to live upon air and water and nourish their body 7#a-b74 ,at that time shining in the grace of his person and surrounded by his female companions the king was ranging in that forest like the king of celestials in the pleasure garden of ,nandana 7#c74 ,by their earnestness and other external marks the king perceived that those birds were ,yogins4 ,then out of shame and thinking upon it he returned to his own city 7#d74 ,he had a highly pious son by name ,anuha4 ,he had his eye on the minutest details of morality and accordingly became the ,defender of ,faith 7#e74 ,sukha conferred upon him his accomplished and worshipful daughter ,kritvi gifted with all auspicious marks and endued with the quality of goodness 7#f74 ,o ,bhishma1 formerly ,sanatkumr mentioned that beautiful damsel to me as ,pivari1 the daughter of the ancestral manes ,vahirshadas 7#g74 ,she was the foremost of the truthful1 beyond the comprehension of persons of uncontrolled mind1 was herself an ascetic1 the wife of a ,yogin and the mother of a ,yogin 7#h74 ,i had described this to you before while giving an account of the ancestral manes4 ,having placed ,anuha on the throne1 welcomed the citizens with a delighted heart and made the ,brhmanas perform the benedictory rite the king ,vibhrja repaired to the ,mnasa lake1 where the ganders were ranging1 for carrying on hard austerities 7#i-aj74 ,having renounced all desires1 abstained from food and living on air only he began to practise penances on one side of that lake 7#aa74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 his resolution was that he might become the son of one of them and thus acquire ,yoga 7#ab74 ,having made this resolution he began to carry on hard austerities and shone there like the sun 7#ac74 ,o foremost of ,kurus1 on account of its being rendered brilliant by ,vibhrja that forest1 where the four ascetic ganders and the other three who had deviated from the path of ,yoga gave up their lives1 became celebrated by the name ,vaibhrja 7#ad-ae74 ,being freed from sins those seven high-souled men 7born as birds7 were born in the city of ,kmpilya under the names of ,brahmadatta and others 7#af74 ,amongst them four1 by knowledge1 meditation and asceticism1 mastered the holy ,vedas and ,vedangas and had 7a good7 memory4 ,the other three remained in ignorance 7#ag74 ,swatantra was born as the highly illustrious son of ,anuha by the name of ,brahmadatta4 ,according to his resolution in the previous birth as a bird he was endued with knowledge1 meditation and ,tapas and mastered the ,vedas and ,vedangas 7#ah74 ,chitradarshi and ,sunetra were born as ,srotrya ,brhmanas1 well read in the ,vedas with all their auxiliaries1 in the races ,vbhravya and ,vatsa 7#ai74 ,for having lived with him in the previous birth they became helpmates to ,brahmadatta4 ,the others were born as ,pnchla1 ,pinchika and ,kandarika 7#bj74 ,of them ,pnchla was well versed in the ,rig ,veda and 7accordingly7 performed the duties of a preceptor4 ,kandarika was well read in the other two ,vedas and acted as ,chhandoga and ,adhvaryu 7#ba74 ,anuha's son1 the king 7,brahmadatta71 was conversant with the voice of all animals4 ,he was a great friend of ,pnchala and ,kandarika 7#bb74 ,although they were addicted to vulgar pleasures they1 on account of their pristine good deeds1 were conversant with morality1 temporal profit and desires 7#bc74 ,having installed the sinless ,brahmadatta on the throne the foremost of ascetic kings1 ,anuha attained to the most excellent state 7#bd74 ,brahmadatta's wife1 who was the daughter of ,devala1 was a great female anchorite4 ,her name was ,sunnati 7#be74 ,thus from ,devala ,brahmadatta obtained his daughter the high-minded ascetic ,sunnati who was of the same temperament with him 7#bf74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 in his seventh birth ,panchika was the fifth1 ,kandarika the sixth and ,brahmadatta the seventh4 ,the remaining ganders were born as brothers in a poor ,srotrya family in the city of ,kmpilya 7#bg-bh74 ,their names were ,dhritimn1 ,suman1 ,vidvn and ,tatwadarshi4 ,they were well read in the ,vedas and gifted with keen observation 7#bi74 ,they were all endowed with the recollection of their pristine birth4 ,when after having attained to the consummation of ,yoga practices and welcomed their father they were about to depart he said to them ,verily by your renouncing me you will commit a mighty iniquity4 ,how can you 7all7 depart1 without removing my poverty and satisfying the other duties of a son viz--the spreading of progeny1 the performing of ,srddha at ,gya1 and attending upon me 7in my old age7 7#cj-cb74 ,the twice-born ones again said to their father3--,we will make arrangements by which you will live 7#cc74 ,do you go to the sinless king ,brahmadatta and recite before him and his minister the ,sloka pregnant with great import 7#cd74 ,he will then1 with great joy1 confer upon you many villages and desired-for objects4 ,therefore ,o father1 go there 7#ce74 ,having said this and worshipped their father they attained to beatitude as the result of the practices of ,yoga 7#cf74 ,he thought-,these are birds and they are practising yoga while ,i1 being a man1 am only seeking pleasure4 ,he was thus ashamed of his own conduct and came back to his city4 ,there are two classes of ,brahmins1 one of them who are the superior is called ,kulsa and another next to them is called ,srotrya4 ,a reciter or chanter of the ,sama ,veda from ,chhandas the metre of the ,vedas and ,ga who sings4 ,a ,brahman versed in the ,yayurveda4 ,,chapter ,,xxiv4 ,,brahmadatta ,,retires ,,from ,,the ,,world4 ,markandeya said3--,one of 7those ganders7 ,vaibhrja1 an ascetic and anchorite as he was1 was born as the son of ,brahmadatta by name ,viswaksena 7#a74 ,once on a time ,brahmadatta was sporting delightedly in a forest in the company of his wife like ,indra in the company of ,sachi 7#b74 ,thereupon the king heard the noise made by an ant who was soliciting a female-ant and displaying his displeasure 7#c74 ,hearing that the poor female ant was expressing her disgust at the request of her husband ,brahmadatta laughed aloud 7#d74 ,thereat his wife ,saunati was stricken with sorrow and shame4 ,that beautiful damsel had been abstaining from food for a long time 7#e74 ,when her husband attempted to please her1 that one of pure smiles said ,o king1 while you laughed at me ,i do not like to live 7#f74 ,the king however communicated to her the cause of his laughter but she placed no confidence in his words but rather said in anger ,this is not within the power of a man 7#g74 ,what man can decipher the sound of an ant save by the favour of the ,providence or by the good deeds of his pristine birth 7#h78 ,o king1 if by virtue of ,tapas or any other knowledge you have acquired the power of understanding the sound of animals1 then by some means create confidence in me by which ,i may know it4 ,otherwise1 ,o king1 ,i shall renounce my life4 ,i do swear truly 7#i-aj74 ,hearing those harsh words of the queen the highly illustrious king ,brahmadatta was greatly distressed4 ,he then reverentially sought the protection of the ,omnipotent ,nryana1 the lord of all the worlds4 ,having controlled his senses and abstaining from food the highly illustrious king1 within six nights1 saw the ,omnipotent ,deity ,nryana4 ,the ,lord1 compassionate unto all creatures1 said to him 7#aa-ac74 ,o ,brahmadatta1 after the night has passed away you will attain to well-being4 ,having said this the lord disappeared there from 7#d74 ,having learnt a ,sloka from his sons the father1 of those four high-souled ,brhmanas1 considered himself blessed 7#ae74 ,he then desired to go to the ,king and his ,minister4 ,going there1 he however found no opportunity of reciting the sloka to them 7#af74 ,thereupon having bathed in the tank and obtained the boon from ,nryana1 he1 delightedly ascending a golden chariot1 entered the city 7#ag74 ,kandarik1 the foremost of the twice-born1 acted as his charioteer and ,pnchala held the chowries 7#ah74 ,considering that to be a favourable moment the ,brhmana recited the sloka before the ,king and the two ministers 7#ai74 ,having been born as seven hunters in the ,province of ,dashrna they were1 in their next birth1 born as deer on the ,kalanjara mountain1--and then they were born as ,chakravkas in the island of ,shara4 ,then they were born as ganders in the ,mnasa lake4 ,and at last they were born in ,kurukshetra as ,brhmanas well read in the ,vedas4 ,amongst them the four1 that where born of a good family1 have gone to a distant region4 ,you1 deviating from the path of ,yoga1 are sinking 7#bj-ba74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 hearing this the king ,brahmadatta was stupified1 and the reins of the horses and chowries slipped off respectively from the hands of ,kandarika and ,pnchla4 ,seeing this the citizens and friends were all greatly agitated 7#bb-bc74 ,having waited for a moment with his two ministers on the car the king1 after regaining his consciousness1 returned to the palace 7#bd74 ,thereupon recollecting the tank mentioned and regaining the ,yoga power practised in the previous birth he honored the ,brhmana with various enjoyable things and chariots 7#be74 ,then placing on the throne his son ,viswaksena1 the subduer of enemies1 ,brahmadatta retired to a forest with his wife 7#bf74 ,after the king had gone to the forest for practising ,yoga ,devala's daughter1 the good-natured ,sunnati said with great delight to the king 7#bg73--,o monarch1 you can understand the sound of the ants and still you are addicted to sexual desires2 therefore in great anger ,i wanted to work you up 7#bh74 ,from this birth we must attain to the most excellent state4 ,you had deviated from the practice of ,yoga and accordingly ,i reminded you of it 7#bi74 ,hearing the words of his wife the king was highly pleased4 ,and having acquired ,yoga power he attained to a state which it is very difficult to obtain 7#cj74 ,having purified himself by his own actions and acquired the most excellent ,sankhya ,yoga he attained to a consummate state 7#ca74 ,having instituted only ,siksh and laid down the order of the ,vedas the great ascetic ,pnchlya acquired renown and the status of a ,yoga preceptor 7#cb74 ,o son of ,gang1 all this happened in the days of yore before my very eyes4 ,meditate on this and you will meet with well-being 7#bc74 ,others also1 who will meditate on this most excellent account1 will never be visited by inferior births 7#cd74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 listening to this highly momentous history1 one has his mind always bent on practising ,yoga 7#ce74 ,he1 who will meditate on this1 shall always enjoy peace and gradually attain to the pure state of a ,yogin which it is difficult to acquire in this world 7#cf74 ,vaishampyana said3--,in order to propagate the practice of ,yoga the intelligent ,mrkandeya thus spoke in the days of yore by way of describing the fruits of a ,srddha 7#cg74 ,the ,divine ,soma confers nourishment on all creatures4 ,therefore hear from me an account of the lunar family while describing the family of ,vrishnis 7#ch74 ,,chapter ,,xxv4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,the ,,birth ,,of ,,the ,,moon4 ,vaisampayana said3--,o king1 ,soma's father the ,divine ,rishi ,atri was the mind-begotten son of ,brahm when1 in the days of yore1 he grew desirous of creating progeny 7#a74 ,atri1 with all his sons1 began to do good unto all creatures1 by his words1 mind and action 7#b74 ,that innocent1 highly effulgent and virtuous-souled ,rishi1 of firm vows1 formerly pratised1 with his arms raised1 the most excellent penance of silence for three thousand celestial years4 ,this we have heard 7#c-d74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 when that ,rishi1 having controlled his senses1 began to practise penances steadfastly his person assumed the mild lustre of the moon 7#e74 ,this moon-like lustre1 of the person of that one of controlled senses1 soon spread over the sky4 ,then from his eyes tears began to trickle down and flood the ten quarters 7#f74 ,thereupon the ten goddesses delightedly conceived in ten different ways4 ,though they all did it unitedly they however could not keep it 7#g74 ,thereupon the effulgent1 all-protecting moon in the embryo fell down lighting up all the quarters 7#h74 ,when the quarters could not bear this conception any more the embryo1 along with them1 fell down on earth 7#i74 ,beholding the moon thus fallen ,brahm1 the grand-father of all1 got on his chariot for doing good unto all people 7#aj7 ,that chariot was made of the ,vedas2 its form was virtue and it carried ,brahm2 thousands of ,mantra horses wore yoked to it2 this we have heard 7#aa74 ,when that great soul1 the son of ,atri1 came down on earth1 all the deities and the seven mind-begotten sons of ,brahm began to chant his glories 7#ab74 ,in the same way1 ,o my child1 ,angira's sons and ,bhrigu with his sons began to hymn his glories with ,rik and ,yayush ,mantras 7#ac74 ,having his glories thus chanted by the ,rishis the effulgent moon had his increasing lustre stationed in a circular form in the sky4 ,it fully lighted up the three worlds 7#ad74 ,in his that most excellent chariot the highly illustrious moon circumambulated1 for twenty-one times1 the world bounded by the sea 7#ae74 ,his lustre1 that melted down on earth on account of the motion of his car1 became plants that shone in their effulgence 7#af74 ,o king1 those plants conduce to the nourishment of the gods1 ancestral manes1 men1 beasts1 birds1 reptiles and other creatures2 the moon is thus the nourisher of the universe 7#ag74 ,o great one1 having acquired lustre through his own deeds and the chanting of his glories by the ,rishis the divine moon carried on hard austerities for one thousand ,padma years 7#ah74 ,the moon was the asylum of all those silvery goddesses in the shape of water who upheld the universe4 ,he became celebrated by his own actions4 ,thereupon1 ,o ,janamejaya1 ,brahm1 the foremost of those conversant with the ,vedas1 conferred upon him the sovereignty over seeds1 plants1 the ,brhmanas and water 7#bj74 ,after his installation on the throne1 ,o monarch1 the lord of rays lighted up the three worlds with his rays 7#ba74 ,daksha had twenty-seven daughters of great vows4 ,people knew them as stars4 ,pracheta's son ,daksha conferred them all on him 7#bb74 ,having obtained that great kingdom the moon1 the lord of ancestral manes1 made arrangements for a ,rajsuya sacrifice in which ten million kine were given away as presents 7#bc74 ,the divine ,atri was the ,hota thereof1 ,bhrigu ,adhvaryu ,hiranyagarbha1 ,udgata and ,brahm himself was ,brahma 7#bd74 ,and the ,divine ,nryana1 surrounded by ,sanatkumr and other ,prime ,rishis1 became the member thereof 7#be74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 we have heard that the ,divine ,soma conferred presents on the leading ,brhmana saints and all other ,rishis of the three worlds who had assembled there 7#bf74 ,sinivli1 ,kuhu1 ,dyuti1 ,pushti1 ,prabh1 ,vasu1 ,dhriti1 ,kirti and ,lakshmi1 these nine goddesses attended upon him 7#bg74 ,having bathed after the termination of the ,yagna the foremost of kings1 the moon1 worshipped of all the gods and ,rishis1 began steadily to light up the ten quarters 7#bh74 ,o my child1 having been honored by the sages and acquired prosperity which it is very difficult to obtain his mind began to deviate from humility4 ,and accordingly sullied by immorality he lost all control over himself 7#bi74 ,having disregarded ,vrihaspati1 the son of ,angiras1 the moon by force carried away his illustrious wife ,tr 7#cj74 ,and albeit solicited by the gods and ,rishis he did not return her4 ,vrihaspati1 the the preceptor of the gods1 was accordingly enraged with him 7#ca74 ,ushan 7,suka7 began to protect his sides4 ,the illustrious deity ,rudra was formerly a disciple of ,vrihaspati's father4 ,out of reverence for him he 7,rudra7 protected his rear1 taking his ,ajagava bow in his hands 7#cb-cc74 ,a terrible battle1 destructive of the gods and demons on account of ,tr1 was fought at the place where the high-souled ,siva discharged his mighty weapon ,brahmasiras--for the destruction of the demons and where their glory was 7accordingly7 destroyed 7#cd-ce74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 in that battle the gods1 well read in the precepts of religion who had sided ,vrishaspati1 and the deities ,tushitas1 who belonged to ,soma's party who had stolen away his preceptor's wife1 sought refuge with the ,prime ,deity the ,eternal ,brahm 7#cf74 ,thereupon the ,grand-father himself came there1 prevented ,sukra and ,sankara 7to fight7 and gave back ,tr to ,vrihaspati 7#cg74 ,beholding ,tr enciente ,vrihaspati said to her3--,you must not give birth to this child at my house 7#ch74 ,she then gave birth to a son1 the destroyer of robbers1 effulgent like a burning flame1 on a bundle of fibrous sticks 7#ci74 ,as soon as he was born that beautiful boy overclouded the beauty of the celestials4 ,filled with suspicion accordingly the deities enquired of ,tr saying ,who is he8 ,tell us truly if he is ,vrihaspati's son or ,soma's4 ,when she was thus questioned by the gods she could give no reply out of shame 7#dj--da74 ,thereupon her son1 the slayer of robbers1 was about to imprecate a curse on her4 ,preventing him ,brahm himself asked ,tr for the solution of the doubt 7#db74 ,tell us1 ,o ,tt1 what the truth is4 ,whose son is he8 ,thereupon with folded hands she said to the ,lord ,brahm1 the conferrer of boons3--7,he is7 ,soma's4 ,then his father the ,patriarch ,soma smelt the crown of his high-souled son1 the destroyer of robbers 7#dc-dd74 ,the intelligent 7,soma7 named his son ,budha4 ,he always rises in the sky in a hostile direction 7#de7 ,budha begat a son on ,vairja's daughter ,il4 ,his son was the great king ,pururava 7#df74 ,he begat on ,urvashi seven high-souled sons4 ,on account of his arrogance the ,moon was attacked with consumption 7#dg74 ,on account of his thus being subject to this disease his orbit suffered decrease4 ,he then sought refuge with his father ,atri 7#dh74 ,the great ascetic ,atri released him from his sins4 ,and accordingly freed from consumption he again shone in his effulgence 7#di74 ,o monarch1 ,i have thus described to you1 the account of the birth of the ,moon enhancing glory4 ,i shall now describe his family 7#ej74 ,on hearing of the story of the birth of the ,moon ever giving blessedness1 freedom from diseases1 long life and progeny one is freed from all his sins 7#ea74 ,a priest who at a sacrifice recites the prayers of the ,rig-,veda4 ,a ,brhmana versed in the rituals of the ,yayur-,veda4 ,a reciter of the prayers c4 of the ,sama ,veda4 ,the ,superintending or presiding priest of the sacrifice4 ,,chapter ,,xxvi4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,pururava4 ,vaishampayana said3--,o great king1 ,budha's son ,pururava was learned1 energetic1 and charitably disposed4 ,he performed many sacrifices and gave away many presents 7#a74 ,he was conversant with the knowledge of ,brahman and powerful and the enemies could not defeat him in battle4 ,that king kept up perpetual fire in his house and celebrated many sacrifices 7#b74 ,he was truthful1 pious and highly handsome4 ,he had an entire control over his sexual appetites4 ,at that time there was none in the three worlds equal to him in glory 7#c74 ,having cast off her pride the illustrious ,urvashi selected1 as her lord1 that forgiving and pious king conversant with the knowledge of ,brahman 7#d74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 the king ,pururava lived with ,urvashi at the charming ,chaitraratha garden for ten years1 on the banks of the river ,mandkini for five years1 in the city of ,alak for five years1 in the forest of ,vadari for six1 in the best of gardens ,nandana for seven1 in the province of ,uttara kuru where the trees bear fruits whenever desired for eight1 at the foot of the mount ,gndhamdana for ten and on the summit of the ,north ,sumeru for eight years 7#e-g74 ,in these most beautiful gardens resorted to by the gods the king ,pururava sported most delightedly with ,urvashi 7#h74 ,that king ruled over the sacred province of ,pryaga1 so highly spoken of by the great ,rishis 7#i74 ,his seven sons were all high-souled and like the sons of the gods born in the celestial region4 ,they were named ,ayu1 ,dhiman1 ,amavasu1 the pious-souled ,vishvyu1 ,shrutayu1 ,dridayu1 ,valyu and ,shatyu4 ,they were all given birth to by ,urvashi 7#aj-aa74 ,janamejaya said3--,o you well-read in various ,srutis1 why did ,urvashi1 who was an ,apsara1 leave aside the gods and come to a human king8 ,do you relate this to me 7#ab74 ,vaishampyana said3--,having been imprecated with a curse by ,brahm and abiding by the time the most beautiful ,urvashi came to a man1 the son of ,il 7#ac74 ,in order to free herself from the curse ,urvashi made a contract with the king saying ,o king1 ,i shall not see you naked and you should associate with me whenever you will find me filled with desire 7#ad74 ,two lambs should always be kept near my bed and you should always live on a small quantity of clarified butter during the day 7#ae74 ,o king1 if you satisfy this contract and as long as you will remain true to it so long ,i shall live with you4 ,this is our contract 7#af74 ,the king satisfied all her conditions4 ,thus under the influence of a curse1 that damsel1 out of reverence towards ,pururav1 lived with him at the above-mentioned places for fifty-nine years4 ,on account of ,urvashi's living with a man all the ,gandharvas were filled with anxiety 7#ag74 ,the ,gandharvas said3--,o you great ones1 concert some measure1 by which that best of damsels ,urvashi1 the ornament of the celestial region1 may come back to the gods 7#ai74 ,amongst them a ,gandharva by name ,viswvasu1 the foremost of speakers said3--,i heard them when they entered into the contract 7#bj74 ,as soon as the king will violate that contract ,urvashi will forsake him4 ,i know full well how that king will be divorced from ,urvashi 7#ba74 ,i shall therefore depart with a companion for accomplishing your work4 ,having said this the highly illustrious 7,gandharva7 repaired to the city of ,pratisthna 7#bb74 ,having reached there during the night he pilfered away a lamb4 ,that damsel1 of beautiful smiles1 was like a mother to that pair of lambs 7#bc74 ,hearing of the arrival of the ,gandharva and understanding that the hour of the termination of the curse had come1 that illustrious 7damsel7 said to the king1 ,who has stolen away one of my sons 7#bd78 ,although thus accosted by her he did not get up for he was naked1 thinking ,if the goddess beholds me without any raiment on then the terms of our contract will be cancelled 7#be74 ,thereupon the ,gandharvas again stole away the other lamb4 ,when the second was carried away the damsel said to the son of ,il 7#bf74 ,o king1 ,o lord1 who is stealing away my sons as if ,i have none to look after me8 ,thus addressed the king1 although he had no cloth on1 ran away in search of the lambs4 ,in the meantime the ,gandharvas created lightnings4 ,when the king was going out of the place lighted up by lightnings she1 all on a sudden1 saw him naked4 ,beholding him thus without any cloth on that ,apsar1 coursing at her will1 went away 7#bg-bi74 ,beholding the pair of lambs left there the king took them and came to his house4 7,on his return71 he did not see ,urvashi and greatly stricken with grief began to bewail 7#cj74 ,he travelled over the entire earth in search of her4 ,then the highly powerful king saw her bathing at a tank called ,haimavati at the sacred shrine of ,plaksha in the province of ,kurukshetra4 ,that beautiful damsel was sporting with five other ,apsars 7#ca-cb74 ,beholding her thus sport the king1 filled with mighty sorrow1 began to bewail4 ,seeing the king at a distance ,urvashi too said to her companions4 ,this is the foremost of men with whom ,i lived for some time4 ,saying this she pointed out the king to them 7#cc-cd74 ,o king1 the ,apsaras then grew anxious lest she might go back4 ,the king then addressed her in sweet words saying3--,o cruel lady1 you may show yourself cruel in words but remain my wife at heart4 ,urvashi then said to the son of ,il1 ,o lord1 through you ,i have become enciente4 ,forsooth within a year all your sons will be born4 ,o king live with me for one night more 7#ce-cg74 ,hearing this the highly illustrious king was pleased and returned to his own city4 ,after the expiration of a year ,urvashi again came to him 7#ch74 ,the highly illustrious king lived with her for one night4 ,thereupon ,urvashi said to the son of ,ila3--,the ,gandharvas will confer a boon on you 7#ci74 ,o king1 beg of them a boon and tell them that you want equal beauty with the high-souled ,gandharvas 7#dj74 ,then the king prayed for a boon from the ,gandharvas and they too said so be it4 ,thereupon filling a bag with fire the ,gandharvas said to him 7#da73--,o king1 having celebrated a ,yajna with this fire you will attain to our region4 ,thereupon taking the princes with him the king left for his city 7#db74 ,having thrown away that fire into the forest the king1 with his sons1 went to his own city4 ,he did not see there the ,treta fire but only saw a fig tree 7#dc74 ,beholding that fig tree of ,sami species he was stricken with surprise4 ,he then communicated to the ,gandharvas the destruction of fire 7#dd74 ,hearing the whole story they ordered for a piece of wood to enkindle it4 ,then taking a piece of wood from the fig tree1 churning the fire duly and worshipping the gods with various ,yajnas there with1 he attained the region of the ,gandharvas 7#de-df74 ,having obtained the boon from the ,gandharvas he placed ,treta fire4 ,the fire was at first one4 ,the son of ,il divided it into three 7#dg74 ,so powerful was that foremost of men the royal son of ,il4 ,the greatly illustrious king ,pururav reigned in the city of ,pratishthna situate on the northern bank of the ,ganges in the ,province of ,prayga1 so highly spoken of by the ,rishis 7#dh-di74 ,the three sacred fires collectively or the southern1 household and sacrificial fires4 ,,chapter ,,xxvii4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,ila',s ,,family4 ,vaishampayana said3--,il's son had seven high-souled sons resembling the sons of the celestials born in the celestial region 7#a74 ,they were ,ayu1 ,dhimn1 ,amavasu1 the high-souled ,vishwyu1 ,srutyu1 ,dridayu1 ,valyu1 and ,shatayu4 ,they were all ,urvashi's sons4 ,amvasu's sons were ,bhima and ,nagnajit 7#b74 ,bhima's son was the king ,knchanaprabha4 ,knchana's son was the highly powerful and learned ,suhotra who begat on ,keshini a son by name ,janhu who celebrated the great sacrifice ,sarvamedha 7#c-d74 ,gang solicited him to become her husband but on account of his refusal she flooded the ,yajna ground 7#e74 ,o foremost of the ,bharata race1 beholding the ground thus flooded by ,gang ,suhotra's son ,janhu became enraged and said to her 7#f71 ,i shall exhaust your water by drinking it up and you will thus meet with punishment for your arrogance 7#g74 ,the royal saint having drunk up ,gang the great ,rishis designated her as his daughter by name ,jnhavi 7#h74 ,janhu espoused ,yuvanshwa's daughter ,kveri4 ,on account of ,yuvanshwa's curse ,gang made1 with one half of her person1 that foremost of rivers1 ,janhu's wife the blameless ,kveri 7#i74 ,janhu begat on ,kveri a beloved and pious son by name ,susaha whose son was ,ajka 7#aj74 ,ajaka's son the king ,valkshwa was greatly fond of hunting4 ,his son was ,kusha 7#aa74 ,he had four sons effulgent like the gods4 ,they were ,kushika1 ,kushanbha1 ,kushashwa and ,murtimn 7#ab74 ,the king ,kushika grew up with ,pazhavas ranging in the forest4 ,he carried on hard penances for obtaining a son like ,indra4 ,out of fear1 accordingly the king of gods was born as a son to him 7#ac74 ,after he had carried on penances for one thousand years ,sakra saw that royal saint of hard austerities4 ,seeing him the thousand-eyed ,purandara thought him capable of creating progeny and accordingly entered into his energy4 ,when the king of celestials was thus begotten by ,kushika as his son he became the king ,gdhi who was born of ,purukutsa's daughter who was the wife of ,kushika 7#ad-af74 ,gdhi's daughter was the noble and amiable ,satyavati4 ,he gave her away to ,bhrigu's son ,richika 7#ag74 ,bhrigu's son was pleased with her and therefore made ,charu for his own and ,gadhi's sons 7#ah74 ,then calling his own wife ,bhrigu's son ,richika said to her you and your mother should eat this ,charu 7#ai74 7,your mother7 will give birth to an effulgent son the foremost of ,kshatryas4 ,no other ,kshatriya in this world will be able to vanquish him and he will destroy all the leading heroes of the military caste 7#bj74 ,o auspicious damsel1 this ,charu will make your son intelligent1 a great ascetic of controlled senses and the foremost of the twice born 7#ba74 ,having said this to his wife ,bhrigu's son ,richika entered into woods for carrying on hard austerities without any interruption 7#bb74 ,at that time starting on pilgrimage with his family the king ,gdhi arrived at ,richika's hermitage for seeing his own daughter 7#bc74 ,taking the two cups of ,charu from the ,rishi1 ,satyavati with great care gave one to her mother 7#bd74 ,by a mere accident the mother unwittingly gave her own ,charu to her daughter and ate herself the one intended for the latter 7#be74 ,thereupon ,satyavati conceived the dreadful offspring whereof was destined to slay all the ,kshatryas4 ,she then shone in great effulgence 7#bf74 ,seeing her and knowing every thing by meditation the foremost of the twice-born ,richika said to his beautiful wife 7#bg71 ,by the change of ,charu you have been imposed on by your mother4 ,you will give birth to a highly terrible and ruthless son 7#bh74 ,your brother will be born as a great ascetic conversant with all the ,vedas4 ,by virtue of my ,tapas ,i have handed over my entire knowledge of the ,vedas to him 7#bi74 ,thus addressed by her husband the great ,satyavati said to him ,i do not wish to have such a wretch of a ,brhmana as my son from you and began to propitiate him4 ,thus accosted the ascetic again said to her 7#cj74 ,o you auspicious dame1 ,i myself did not wish for such a son4 ,on account of the father and mother the son becomes cruel4 ,satyavati again replied to him 7#ca74 ,you can create the worlds if you like1 what to speak of a son4 ,you should therefore give me a simple-minded son capable of controlling his senses 7#cb74 ,o lord1 ,o foremost of the twice-born1 if you cannot undo this1 may a grandson be born after my heart 7#cc74 ,thereupon by virtue of his ,tapas he became propitiated with her and said ,o fair one1 ,i make no distinction between a son and a grandson4 ,therefore what you have said will come to pass 7#cd74 ,satyavati then gave birth to a son by name ,jamadagni always controlling his senses and intent upon carrying on hard austerities 7#ce74 ,on account of the change of ,bhrigu's ,charu and the union 7of the energies7 of ,rudra and ,vishnu ,jamadagni was born from the energy of the latter4 ,and the truthful and pious ,satyavati now passes as the celebrated river ,koushiki 7#cf-cg74 ,there was another powerful king of the ,ikshwku race by name ,renuka4 ,his daughter was the great ,renuk4 ,the great ascetic ,jamadagni begat on that ,renuk a dreadful and highly effulgent son by name ,rma1 the destroyer of all the ,kshatryas1 a master of all sciences and specially that of archery 7#ch-dj74 ,thus by virtue of ,tapas ,richika begat on ,satyavati the highly illustrious ,jamadagni--the foremost of those conversant with the ,vedas 7#da74 ,his second son was ,shunasepha and his youngest son was ,shunapuchha4 ,kushika's son ,gdhi begat as his son ,viswmitra endued with ,tapas and the quality of self-control4 ,having obtained the status of ,brhmana saints he became one of the seven ,rishis 7#db-dc74 ,the virtuous souled ,viswmitra also passed by the name of ,viswaratha4 ,by ,bhrigu's favour he took his birth from ,koushika as the multiplier of his race 7#dd74 ,viswmitra's sons were ,devart and others celebrated in the three worlds4 ,hear from me their names 7#de74 ,he begat ,kati on ,devasrav from whom ,ktynas received their name4 ,he begat ,hiranyaksha on ,shlvati and ,renumn on ,renu4 ,sngkriti ,glava and ,mudgala are also well-known4 ,madhuchhanda and other ,devalas1 ,ashtaka1 ,kachhapa and ,purita are all the offspring of ,viswmitra4 ,the families of the high-souled descendants of ,kushika are all well-known 7#df-dh74 ,pnis1 ,vabhrus1 ,karajaps and other kings are the descendants of ,devarat4 ,shlankynas1 ,vskalas1 ,lohityas1 ,ymadutas1 ,karishis1 ,soushrutas and besides ,saindavyanas are all the descendants of ,koushika4 ,devalas and ,renus are the grandsons of ,renuk4 ,yjnawalka1 ,aghamarshana1 ,udumvara1 ,abhiglna1 ,trakyana and ,chunchula are the grandsons of ,slavati and sons of ,hiranyksha4 ,snskritya1 ,glava1 ,bdrayana and others are the offspring of the intelligent ,viswmitra4 ,thus the family of ,koushika is well-known to all4 ,they are married according to grades4 ,the connection1 between the ,brhmanas and ,kshatryas amongst the family of ,puru and the ,brhmana saint ,vasishtha and of ,koushikas1 is well known for ever 7#di-ec74 ,of the sons of ,viswmitra ,sunasepha was the eldest4 ,the foremost of saints ,bhrgava became also a ,koushika 7#ed74 ,viswmitra's son ,sunasepha was destined to be killed at the sacrifice of ,haridashwa 7#ee74 ,the gods again returned ,sunasepha unto ,viswamitra and for this he passed by the name of ,devarta4 ,devarta and six others were the sons of ,viswamitra1 who begat on ,drishadvati another son by name ,ashtaka4 ,ashtaka's son was ,louhi4 ,thus ,i have described the family of ,janhu and ,i shall now describe the progeny of ,ayu 7#ef-eh74 ,the name of one of the degraded ,kshatrya races sentenced by ,sagara to wear beards1 perhaps a ,parthian4 ,,chapter ,,xxviii4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,raji ,,and ,,his ,,sons4 ,vaishampayana said3--,o king1 ,ayu had five sons who were all heroic and mighty car-warriors4 ,they were begotten on ,swarbhnu's daughter 7#a74 ,of them ,nahusha was born first and next to him ,vriddhasharm4 ,afterwards ,rambha1 ,raji and ,anena were born2 they were all well-known in the three worlds 7#b74 ,raji begat five hundred sons who were known on earth by the name of ,rjeyas4 ,those ,kshatriyas made even ,indra terrified 7#c74 ,when the terrible battle1 between the gods and demons1 came to pass they went to the ,grandfather and said ,o lord of all the gods1 say who amongst us will be crowned with victory4 ,we wish to hear it from you 7#d-e74 ,brahma said3--,forsooth they will conquer the three worlds on whose behalf the king ,raji will take up arms in battle 7#f74 ,wherever ,raji is1 there is forbearance2 and wherever forbearance reigns there is prosperity4 ,and wherever forbearance and prosperity are there exist morality and victory 7#g74 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 pleased with what they heard from the ,grandfather1 the gods and demons1 with a view to gain victory1 went to ,raji for making him their commander 7#h74 ,raji was the grandson of ,swarbhnu and was begotten on his daughter ,prabh4 ,that highly powerful king multiplied the race of ,soma 7#i74 ,the gods and demons1 all with delighted minds1 said to ,raji3--,do you1 for accomplishing own victory1 take up a most excellent bow and arrows 7#aj74 ,then identifying his own interest with that of theirs and displaying his own glory the king ,raji said to the gods and demons 7#aa74 ,o ,indra and gods1 ,i shall then only engage in fight if ,i can attain to the dignity of ,indra after vanquishing the demons in battle 7#ab74 ,the gods were at first delighted and said1 ,o king1 whatever you wish it will be2 your desire shall be fulfilled 7#ac74 ,hearing the words of the gods the king ,raji said to the leading ,asuras what he had spoken to the gods 7#ad74 ,thinking it conducive to their own interest the haughty ,dnavas1 with great indignation1 replied to that king 7#ae74 ,pralhda is our lord for whom we seek victory4 ,o foremost of kings1 fulfill the contract that you have made with the gods for obtaining the kingdom 7#af74 ,having said 'so be it' he was appointed by the gods 7their commander74 ,then entering upon the contract that he would become ,indra the king slew all the ,dnavas whom the wielder of thunderbolt could not kill 7#ag74 ,having brought about the destruction of all the ,dnavas the highly beautiful1 powerful and self-controlled king ,raji regained the lost prosperity of the gods 7#ah74 ,then ,satakratu1 with all the gods1 said to ,raji ,i am ,raji's son4 ,he again addressed him saying3--,forsooth you have become the lord of all creatures1 ,o sire1 ,i1 ,indra1 have become your son and ,i shall gain renown by this action 7#ai-bj74 ,hearing the words of ,satakratu and having been imposed on by his ,my the king ,raji delightedly said to the king of gods ,let it be so 7#ba74 ,after the ascension to heaven of that god-like king his sons took away from the lord of gods his celestial kingdom following the practice that ancestral properties should be equally distributed amongst all the sons 7#bb74 ,raji's five hundred sons simultaneously attacked ,trivisthapa and the celestial kingdom of ,indra 7#bc74 ,after the lapse of many years the king of gods1 being deprived of his kingdom and share in the sacrificial offerings1 grew very feeble4 ,he then said to ,vrihaspati ,o ,brahmarshi1 do thou arrange for me clarified butter of the weight of a ,jujube fruit so that ,i may live on its strength 7#bd-be74 ,o lord1 having snatched away my kingdom from me the sons of the king ,raji have made me emaciated1 absent-minded1 shorn of seat and energy1 weak and stupid 7#bf74 ,vrihaspati said3--,o sinless one1 if you had said this to me before ,i would not have been required to do an unfair work for your well-being 7#bg74 ,i shall however1 ,o king of gods1 surely strive to do you good and you will soon regain your kingdom and due share of the sacrificial offerings 7#bh74 ,o my child1 ,i will make arrangements for this and let not your mind be possessed by stupefaction4 ,he then did something for increasing the energy of the king of gods 7#bi74 ,the foremost of the twice-born then brought about the derangement of their 7,raji's sons'7 understanding4 ,for this purpose he wrote a treatise on atheism1 the best of all works on ,tarka1 dealing with attacks against religion and much liked by the impious4 ,those1 who regard religion as the supreme 7end of life71 do not like this system 7#cj-ca74 ,listening to the contents of that treatise written by ,vrihaspati the ignorant sons of ,raji began expressing their disgust at the previous works on ,dharma sstra 7#cb74 ,they began respecting highly that atheistical system of their preceptor4 ,by this irreligious act those sinners met with destruction 7#cc74 ,having gained1 by the favour of ,vrishapati1 the kingdom of the three worlds which it is so hard to acquire the king of gods was highly pleased 7#cd74 ,the sons 7of the king ,raji7 grew foolish1 maddened with anger and irreligious4 ,they began to hate the ,brhmanas and were shorn of energy and prowess4 ,thereupon slaying those sons of ,raji possessed by anger and lust the king of the celestials regained his prosperity and kingdom 7#ce-cf74 ,he1 who listens to or meditates on the account of the loss of kingdom by the king of gods and of the restitution of his prestige1 is never visited by any oppression 7#cg74 ,literally performer of hundred sacrifices1 a name of ,indra4 ,,chapter ,,xxix4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,kashi ,,kings4 ,vaishampayana said3--,rambh had no issue4 ,i shall describe the progeny of ,anen4 ,his son was the highly illustrious king ,pratikshatra 7#a74 ,his son passed by the name of ,srinjaya whose son was ,jaya and his son was ,vijaya 7#b74 ,his son was ,kriti whose son was ,haryaswan4 ,his son was the powerful king ,sahadeva4 ,sahadeva's son was the virtuous-souled ,nadina whose son was ,jagatsena whose son was ,satkriti4 ,satkriti's son was the pious-souled and highly illustrious ,kshatravriddha ever satisfying the duties of a ,kshatrya4 ,i have thus described the progeny of ,anen4 ,hear now of the descendants of ,kshatravriddha 7#c-e74 ,kshatravriddha's son was the highly illustrious ,sunahotra4 ,he had three highly pious sons whose names were ,ksha1 ,shla and ,gritsamada4 ,gritsamada's son was ,shunaka1 whose offspring1 the ,saunakas1 were ,brhmanas1 ,kshatriyas1 ,vaisyas and ,sudras4 ,shla's son was ,arshnisena whose son was ,sutapa4 ,o king1 ,ksha's sons were ,kshya and ,dirghatap4 ,the latter's son was the learned ,dhanwantari4 ,at the termination of the rigid penances of the intelligent old king ,dirghatap ,dhanwantari arose from the ocean and took his birth for the second time in this world 7#f-aj74 ,janamejaya said3--,o lord1 why was ,dhanwantari born in the land of men8 ,i wish to know this duly and truly from you4 ,describe it therefore 7#aa74 ,vaishampyana said3--,o foremost of ,bharatas1 hear of the birth of ,dhanwantari4 ,when ambrosia was being churned out in the days of yore ,dhanwantari arose from the ocean4 ,enveloped completely with personal grace he came out of the vessel of ambrosia4 ,meditating on ,vishnu who grants success in business he stood up as soon as he saw ,him 7#aa-ac74 ,vishnu said to him ,as you have come out of water you will be known by the name of ,avja4 ,and so he passed by the name of ,avja 7#ad74 ,avja then replied3--,o lord ,i am your son4 ,confer upon me therefore1 ,o lord of celestials1 a share in the sacrificial offerings and a place in this world4 ,thus addressed and seeing him the ,divine ,lord spoke to him the truth 7#ae74 ,the gods1 who present themselves at ,yajnas1 have already made apportionments of sacrificial offerings amongst themselves4 ,the great saints too have dedicated various articles of oblation to various gods4 ,know therefore1 ,i shall not be able to give you any thing however trifling it may be1 that is not mentioned in the ,vedas4 ,o my son1 you have been born after the gods and so you will not be able to partake of sacrificial offerings 7#af-ag74 ,in your second birth you will gain renown in the world4 ,while in the womb you will acquire ,anim ,siddhi 7#ah74 ,with that body you will acquire the dignity of a god4 ,the twice-born ones will worship you with ,charu1 ,mantra1 vows and ,japas 7#ai74 ,you will propagate ,ayurveda with its eight divisions4 ,this work1 which is sure to come off1 is known to you in your watery birth 7#bj74 ,when the second ,yuga ,dwpara will set in you will undoubtedly take your birth again4 ,having conferred this boon on ,dhanwantari ,vishnu disappeared again 7#ba74 ,thereupon when the second ,dwpara ,yuga set in ,sunohotra's son ,dirghatap1 the king of ,kashi1 desirous of having a son1 began carrying on hard austerities affording delight to his worshipful deity saying 7#bb7--;,i shall lay myself under the protection of that god who will confer on me a son4 ,that king worshipped the deity ,avja for a son 7#bc74 ,thereupon that ,divine lord1 being pleased with the king1 said to him ,o you of good vows1 ,i shall grant you any boon that you may choose to have 7#bd74 ,the king said ,o lord1 if thou art pleased be born unto me as my illustrious son4 ,then saying ,let it be so he disappeared therefrom 7#be74 ,the deity ,dhanwantari was then born in his house4 ,he became the king of ,kshi who could destroy all diseases 7#bf74 ,having acquired the kowledge of ,ayurveda from ,bharadwja he divided the work of the physicians into eight classes and then conferred it upon his disciples 7#bg74 ,dhanwantari's son was known by the name of ,ketumn whose son was the heroic ,bhimaratha 7#bh74 ,his son was the king ,divodsa4 ,the pious-souled ,divodsa became the king of ,brnashi 7#bi74 ,o king1 at this time the ,rakshasa ,kshemaka1 an attendant of ,rudra1 made the city of ,brnashi divested of its inhabitants 7#cj74 ,the intelligent and high-souled ,nikumbha uttered a curse against ,brnashi saying1 ,thou shalt forsooth have none to live in thee for one thousand years 7#ca74 ,as soon as this curse was pronounced against ,brnashi the king ,divodsa laid out his charming capital on the bank of ,gomati 7near ,brnashi7 7#cb74 ,formerly ,brnashi belonged to ,bhadrashenya1 son of ,mahishmn1 of the ,yadu race4 ,having slain the hundred sons of ,bhadrasenya who were all most excellent bowmen ,divodsa acquired that city4 ,thus ,bhadrasenya was deprived forcibly of his kingdom by the 7king ,divodsa7 7#cc-cd74 ,janamejaya said3--,why did the powerful ,nikumbha imprecate a curse on ,brnasi8 ,who is the virtuous ,nikumbha who pronounced a curse on that holy land 7#be78 ,vaishampyana said3--,having acquired that prosperous city the highly powerful emperor1 the royal saint ,divodsa began to live there 7#cf74 ,at this time1 having accepted a gift the lord ,siva was living at his father-in-law's residence for pleasing the goddess 7his wife ,durg7 7#cg74 ,at the command of the god 7,siva7 the great saints ,prshadas1 born in a respectable family1 in this above mentioned form and dress1 were propitiating ,prvati 7#ch74 ,the great goddess ,prvati was highly pleased thereby but not so was ,menak4 ,she began continually villifying that god and goddess 7#ci74 ,she said to ,prvati3--,your husband ,maheswara is always doing vile things in the company of ,prshadas4 ,he is always poor and his character is not good 7#dj74 ,thus spoken to by his mother the goddess became enraged as is usually the case with women4 ,smiling a little she came to ,bhava 7#da74 ,with her countenance pale the goddess said to ,mahdeva3--,o lord1 ,i shall not live here2 take me to your own house 7#db74 ,in order to find out a house for himself ,mahdeva eyed all the world4 ,o descendant of ,kuru1 the highly powerful ,maheswara selected ,brnashi where every body attains to the consummation of religious culture4 ,learning that ,divodsa had occupied the city1 ,bhava said to ,nikumbha who was by him3--,o king of ,ganas1 go to the city of ,beneres1 and make it shorn of its inhabitants by mild means for the king there is very powerful4 ,thereupon going to the city of ,brnasi ,nikumbha appeared in a dream to a barber by name ,kanduka and said to him4 ,o sinless one1 ,i shall encompass your well-being4 ,place a faithful image of mine in the city4 ,o king1 what he commanded in a dream was all carried out 7#dc-dh74 ,having duly made an announcement to the king at the gate of the city he began daily to worship him 7,nikumbha7 with scents1 garland1 incense1 lamps1 food1 and drink4 ,this appeared to be extremely wondrous 7#di-ej74 ,thus the lord of ,ganas was daily worshipped4 ,thereupon he began to confer thousands of boons on the citizens1 such as sons1 gold1 long life and various desired-for objects 7#ea74 ,the eldest queen of the king ,divodsa was celebrated by the name of ,suyasha4 ,despatched by her husband that chaste damsel appeared there for a son 7#eb74 ,offering him a grand ,puj she prayed for a son4 ,thus did she daily come there for a son 7#ec74 ,but for some reason ,nikumbha did not give her a son1 thinking ,if the king gets enraged ,i shall accomplish my object 7#ed74 ,thereupon after a long time the king was possessed by anger4 ,he said ,this ghost1 stationed at the main gate1 is delightedly conferring hundreds of boons on my citizens2 why does he not confer one on me8 ,my people in this city are always worshipping him4 ,i requested of him for a son for my queen4 ,why does not that ungrateful wretch confer a son on me 7#ee-eg78 ,so this ghost does not deserve good treatment from any1 especially from me4 ,i shall therefore have the habitation of this vicious-souled one destroyed 7#eh74 ,having made this resolution that vicious-souled1 wicked king sacked the house of that king of ,ganas 7#ei74 ,having seen his own house destroyed ,nikumbha imprecated a curse on the king saying1 ,i have committed no offence2 and still while my house has been ruined1 this city1 all on a sudden1 shall be shorn of its people 7#fj74 ,thereupon by his curse the city of ,brnasi was divested of its people4 ,having pronounced that curse against the city ,nikumbha went to ,mahadeva 7#fa74 ,the inhabitants of ,brnasi suddenly fled away to different directions4 ,the ,god ,siva then built his own house in that city 7#fb74 ,mahdeva lived there sporting with the daughter of the ,mountain-king4 ,on account of the liberation being given even to those who did not deserve it the goddess did not like that place4 ,she then said ,i shall not live here 7#fc74 ,siva said3--,i do not live in my house4 ,my house 7body7 remains always intact4 ,i shall not go there4 ,go you1 ,o goddess1 to your house 7#fd74 ,the three-eyed lord1 the slayer of ,tripura said these words with a smile4 ,from that time that city has been spoken of as ,avimukta by the god ,siva himself 7#fe74 ,thus ,brnasi has been described as ,avimukta 7#ff74 ,the pious-souled ,deity ,maheswara1 adored of all the gods1 lived there in the company of the goddess for the three ,yugas1 ,satwa1 ,tret1 and ,dwapara 7#fg74 ,the city of that high-souled god disappeared in the ,kali ,yuga4 ,when that city disappeared ,maheswara lived there invisible4 ,thus ,brnasi was cursed and peopled again 7#fh74 ,bhadrasenya had a son by name ,durdama4 ,having slain the hundred sons of ,bhadrasenya ,divodsa spared him out of mercy considering him a child 7#fi74 ,o great king1 the emperor ,durdama was adopted by ,haihaya as his son4 ,in order to put an end to hostilities1 ,bhadrasenya's son the high souled ,kshatriya king ,durdama took back again his ancestral kingdom which had been forcibly occupied by ,divodsa 7#gj-ga74 ,divodsa begat on ,vrishadvati the heroic ,pratardana4 ,that boy son of his again defeated ,durdama 7#gb74 ,pratardana had two sons by name ,vatsa and ,bhga4 ,vatsa's son was ,alarka whose son was ,sannati 7#gc74 ,alarka1 the king of ,kshi1 was truthful and devoted to ,brahman4 ,the ancient sages composed the following hymn in praise of the royal saint ,alarka 7#gd74 ,this foremost of the rulers of ,kashi will enjoy youth and beauty for sixty thousand and sixty hundred years 7#ge74 ,by the favour of ,lopamudr he gained that longevity4 ,that youthful and beautiful king had an extensive kingdom4 ,after the termination of the curse that mighty-armed king slew the ,rakshasa ,kshemaka and laid out again the picturesque city of ,brnasi4 ,sannati's son was the pious ,sunitha 7#gf-gg74 ,sunitha's son was the highly illustrious ,kshemya whose son was ,ketumn whose son was ,suketu 7#gh74 ,his son passed by the name of ,dharmaketu1 whose son was the mighty car-warrior ,satya ketu4 ,his son was the king ,bibhu whose son was ,avarta1 and whose son was ,sukumra4 ,his son was the highly pious ,dhristaketu1 whose son was the king ,venuhotra1 and whose son was the king ,bharga4 ,the province of ,vatsa belonged to ,vatsa and the land of ,bhrigu derived its name from ,bhargava 7#gi-hb74 ,these sons of ,angiras were born in the race of ,bhrigu4 ,he had thousands of sons amongst the ,brhmanas1 ,kshatriyas and ,vaisyas4 ,thus ,i have described to you the family of ,kashi kings4 ,i shall now describe the progeny of ,nahusha 7#hc-hf74 ,final emancipation from existence4 ,,chapter ,,xxx4 ,,account ,,of ,,the ,,king ,,yayati4 ,vaishampayana said3--,the highly energetic ,nahusha begat on his father's daughter ,viraj six sons gifted with the effulgence of ,indra 7#a74 ,they were ,yati1 ,yayti1 ,sang yti1 ,ayati and ,yti4 ,and the sixth was ,suyti2 of them ,yayti became the king 7#b74 ,yati was the eldest of all4 ,next to him was ,yayti4 ,on account of his being the foremost of the pious he obtained a daughter of ,kakuthsthas by name ,go4 ,yati was an ascetic4 ,having acquired final liberation he was united with ,brahman 7#c74 ,of the other five ,yayti conquered this world4 ,he espoused ,sukrcharya's daughter ,devayani as well as ,sharmisth the daughter of an ,asura by name ,vrishaparva 7#d74 ,devayni gave birth to ,yadu and ,turvasu and ,vrishaparva's daughter ,sharmishth to ,drahyu1 ,anu1 and ,puru 7#e74 ,being pleased ,sakra gave him a highly effulgent1 celestial1 golden chariot going every where without any interruption4 ,white celestial and excellent horses1 fleet like the mind1 were yoked to it4 ,by that chariot he used to accomplish every work4 ,ascending that car1 ,yayti1 irrepressible in battle1 within six nights conquered the entire earth and even the gods with ,vsava 7#f-g74 ,that car was in the possession of the ,pauravas till ,sunm was born1 ,o ,janamejaya 7#h74 ,kuru's son the king ,parikshit lost that car by the imprecation of the intelligent ,grgya 7#i74 ,o ,janamejaya1 that king slew the harsh-speeched boy of ,grgya and accordingly he was guilty of the crime of ,brahmanicide 7#aj74 ,with a stench all about his body that royal saint moved about hither and thither4 ,then cast off both by the citizens and villagers he could not enjoy happiness anywhere 7#aa74 ,thereupon stricken with grief he could not find relief anywhere4 ,he then sought refuge with the ascetic ,indrota born in the race of ,shounaka 7#ab74 ,indrota then undertook the celebration of a horse-sacrifice for purifying that king 7#ac74 ,when he bathed after the termination of a ,yajna1 that stench disappeared from his body4 ,then ,o king1 the lord of gods1 with pleasure1 gave away that celestial car to ,vasu the king of ,chedis2 from him ,vrihadratha acquired it 7#ad74 ,from him that car gradually passed into the hands of ,jarsandha4 ,thereupon slaying ,jarsandha ,bhima1 the descendant of ,kuru1 delightedly conferred that most excellent car on ,vsudeva4 ,having conquered the earth consisting of seven insular continents with its oceans ,yayti divided it 7amongst his sons74 ,nahusha's son installed ,turvasa as the king of the south-eastern quarter1 ,anu and ,druhya as the kings of the northern and eastern divisions respectively1 the eldest ,yadu as the king of the north-east1 and ,puru as the king of the ,central division4 ,even now they are righteously ruling over the earth consisting of seven insular continents and various cities in their respective provinces4 ,o foremost of kings1 ,i shall afterwards describe their progeny 7#ae-bj74 ,having been thus blessed with five sons and conferred upon them his bows1 arrows and the charge of the kingdom1 the foremost of men1 that king ,yayti was possessed by decrepitude4 ,divested of weapons when that ever victorious king cast his eyes on the earth he felt joy4 ,having thus divided the earth he said to ,yadu 7#ba-bb73--,retiring from thy office1 ,o my son1 do thou take this decrepitude of mine upon thee4 ,making over my decrepitude to thee and being gifted with thy youth and beauty ,i shall range over the earth4 ,whereto ,yadu replied 7#bc73--;,i have promised to give alms to a ,brhmana4 ,it has not been decided as yet4 ,without ascertaining this ,i cannot accept your decrepitude 7#bd74 ,there are many inconveniences regarding food and drink in decrepitude4 ,therefore1 ,o king1 ,i do not like to take your decrepitude on me 7#be74 ,o king1 you have many other sons who are more beloved than ,i4 ,therefore1 ,o pious king1 command any other son of yours to take your decrepitude 7#bf74 ,thus accosted by ,yadu the king was filled with anger4 ,then blaming his son ,yayti1 the foremost of speakers1 said 7#bg73--,o you of vicious intellect1 disregarding me who am your preceptor and who have given you education1 whom else can you seek and what religion can you follow8 7#bh7 ,having addressed ,yadu thus in anger he imprecated a curse on him1 saying1 ,o foolish wight1 your sons will be deprived of their kingdom 7#bi74 ,that king1 the foremost of ,bharatas1 likewise requested ,turvasu1 ,drahyu and ,anu and was equally dishonoured by them all 7#cj74 ,being enraged that ever victorious ,yayti cursed them all as ,i had described to you before1 ,o foremost of the royal saints 7#ca74 ,having thus cursed his four sons who preceded ,puru the king said to him1 ,o descendant of ,bharata 7#cb74 ,o ,puru1 if you agree1 ,i shall transfer this my decrepitude to you and being invested with your beauty and youth ,i shall roam over this world 7#cc74 ,his powerful son ,puru accepted his decrepitude4 ,yayti too1 endued with ,puru's beauty1 ranged over the earth 7#cd74 ,seeing the termination of pleasures1 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 that lord lived in the ,chaitraratha forest with ,vishrvy 7#ce74 ,when he was satiated with enjoyments the king came to ,puru and took back from him his decrepitude 7#cf74 ,hear1 ,o great king1 the songs sung there by ,yayti4 ,hearing them a man withdraws himself from pleasures as a tortoise draws in its limbs 7#cg74 ,desire is never satiated with the enjoy ment of its object4 ,it rather assumes proportions like a fire when clarified butter is thrown into it 7#ch74 ,rice1 barley1 gold1 animals and women1 that are on earth1 are not sufficient to afford satisfaction to one man4 ,seeing this even men are not brought to their senses 7#ci74 ,when a man does not commit injury to any creature even by his action1 thought and words1 he is unified with ,brahman 7#dj74 ,when a man is not afraid of another1 when no one is afraid of him1 when he cherishes no desire or malice he is unified with ,brahman 7#da74 ,verily does he attain to happiness when a man relinquishes thirst1 which wicked people can never cast off1 which does not wear out even when a man is possessed by decrepitude and which is like a fatal malady 7#db74 ,when a man is worn out with age his hairs and teeth fall off but the desire for life and wealth never disappears 7#dc74 ,whatever pleasure is there in this world derivable from the satisfaction of sensual appetites1 whatever great heavenly pleasure is there none of them is equal to the one sixteenth of the pleasure derived from the extinction of desire 7#dd74 ,having said this the royal saint ,yayti retired into the forest with his wife and for many long years he carried on hard austerities 7#de74 ,having carried on his penances on the ,bhrigu hill that great ascetic1 renouncing his body1 attained to heaven with his wife 7#df74 ,o great king1 in his family five royal saints were born4 ,by them the whole earth was occupied as by the rays of the sun 7#dg74 ,hear now of the family of ,yadu honored by all the royal saints4 ,in his family ,nryana ,hari1 the perpetuator of ,vrishni race1 took his birth 7#dh71 ,o king1 he1 who listens to the sacred biography of the king ,yyti or reads it1 acquires health1 offspring1 long life and renown 7#di74 ,,chapter ,,xxxi4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,puru',s ,,family4 ,janamejaya said3--,o ,brahman1 ,i wish to hear truly and separately of the families of ,puru1 ,drahyu1 ,anu1 ,yadu1 and ,turvasu4 ,do you describe them at length from the very beginning while describing the race of ,vrishnis 7#a-b74 ,vaishampyana said3--,o king1 hear first of your own family1 the brave ,puru race1 from the very beginning in which you have been born 7#c74 ,o king1 ,i shall describe to you the most excellent family of ,puru as well as those of ,drahyu1 ,anu1 ,yadu and ,turvasu 7#d74 ,o ,janamejaya1 ,puru's son was a highly powerful king2 his son was ,prachinvn who conquered the eastern quarter 7#e74 ,prachinvna's son was ,pravira whose son was ,manasyu4 ,his son was the king ,abhayada whose son was the king ,sudhanw4 ,his son was ,vahugava whose son was ,shamyti 7#f-g74 ,his son was ,rahaswati whose son was ,roudrshwa4 ,the latter had ten sons and daughters 7#h74 ,the sons were respectively named ,dashrneyu1 ,krikaneyu1 ,kaksheyu1 ,sthandileshu1 ,saunateshu1 ,richeyu1 ,sthaleyu1 the highly illustrious ,jalayeu1 ,dhaneyu and ,vaneyu4 ,the daughters were named ,rudr1 ,shudra1 ,bhadr1 ,shalad1 ,malad1 ,khal1 ,chal1 ,valad1 ,suratha and ,gochapata4 ,these ten daughters defeated1 with their beauty1 ,urvashi and other jems of women 7#i-aa74 ,the ,rishi ,prabhkara1 born in the race of ,atri1 was their husband4 ,he begat on ,rudr his illustrious son1 ,soma 7#ab74 ,when defeated by ,rhu the sun falls down on earth1 and when the whole world is accordingly enveloped with darkness he spreads his rays all over 7#ac74 ,when that sage said ,may good betide you the sun1 according to his words1 did not fall from the sky 7#ad74 ,the great ascetic ,atri was the founder of great families4 ,at his sacrifice even the celestials carried the riches 7#ae74 ,this high-souled ,rishi begat on the ten daughters of ,roudrshwa ten sons ever engaged in carrying on hard penances 7#af74 ,o king1 those ,rishis1 who had mastered the ,vedas1 were the founders of families4 ,they passed by the name of ,swastatreya4 ,but ,atri had no money 7#ag74 ,kasheyu had three sons who were all mighty car-warriors--they were ,subhnava1 ,chkshusa and ,parmekshu 7#ah74 ,the learned king ,klnala was ,subhanav's son4 ,his son was the pious ,srinjaya 7#ai74 ,the heroic king ,puranjaya was ,srinjaya's son4 ,o king1 ,janamejaya was ,puranjaya's son 7#bj74 ,the royal saint ,mahshla was ,janamejaya's son4 ,he was well-read in the ,vedas and renowned on earth 7#ba74 ,the pious ,mahman was ,mahshla's son4 ,he was heroic1 liberal-minded and honoured of all gods 7#bb74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 ,mahman begat two sons1 the pious ,ushinara and ,titikshu1 endued with great strength 7#bc74 ,ushinara had five wives born in the families of royal saints--,nrig1 ,krimi1 ,nav1 ,darvi and ,drisadvati 7#bd74 ,he begat on those wives five sons who perpetuated his race4 ,by carrying on hard austerities he got all those sons in his old age1 ,o descendant of ,bharata 7#be74 ,nrig's son was ,nriga1 ,krimi's son was ,krima1 ,nav's son was ,nava1 ,darvi's son was ,suvrata and from ,drisadvati was born the king ,sivi4 ,sivi's sons passed by the name of ,sivis1 and ,nrig's sons by that of ,youdheyas 7#bf-bg71 ,nava's capital was ,navarshtra and that of ,krimi was ,krimita2 whereas the metropolis of ,suvrata was celebrated by the name of ,amvastha4 ,hear from me the names of ,sivi's sons 7#bh74 ,he had four sons who were famous in the three worlds for their heroism4 ,they were ,drishadarbha1 ,saviria1 ,kaikaya and ,madrap 7#bi74 ,their prosperous cities passed by the names of ,kaikeya1 ,madrapa and others4 ,vrishadarbha and others were all very heroic4 ,hear now the names of the sons of ,titikshu 7#cj74 ,o scion of the ,bharata race1 ,titikshu's son ,ushadratha was the king of the eastern division4 ,his son was ,phena whose son was ,sutapa from whom ,bali was born4 ,that 7demon7 king was born as man4 ,he had a golden quiver 7#ca-cb74 ,the king ,bali was a great ascetic in the days of yore4 ,he begat five sons in the world who multiplied his progeny 7#cc74 ,of them ,anga was born first4 ,then were born ,banga and ,sumha4 ,next to them were born ,pundra and ,kalinga4 ,these were the ,kshatriya sons of ,bali4 ,brhmana descendants of ,bali also flourished on this earth4 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 being pleased ,brahm confered on him several boons 7#cd-ce74 7,they were7--the dignity of a great ascetic1 a long life extending over a ,kalpa1 invincibleness in a battle1 leadership of a religious order1 the vision of three worlds1 supremacy in issuing commands1 an insight into the subtleties of religion and matchlessness in strength 7#cf-cg74 ,the king ,bali was then addressed by ,brahm saying ,you will always be a defender of the four castes in this world4 ,thereat he attained to a great equanimity of mind 7#ch74 7,bali led a life of celibacy7 and accordingly the highly powerful and leading ascetic ,dirghatam begat on his wife ,sudeshn all those ,kshetraja sons--the foremost of ,munis 7#ci74 ,having installed his five sinless sons on the throne ,bali thought himself blessed4 ,thereupon practising ,yoga that great ascetic1 irrepressible unto all1 began to wait for time4 ,after a long time1 ,o king1 he returned to his own region 7#dj-da74 ,his sons had five provinces1 namely ,anga1 ,banga1 ,sumha1 ,kalinga and ,pundraka4 ,hear now of the sons of ,anga 7#db74 ,the great emperor ,dadhivhana was ,anga's son4 ,his son was the king ,diviratha 7#dc74 ,his son was the learned king ,dharmaratha equal to ,indra in prowess4 ,his son was ,chitraratha 7#dd74 ,having celebrated a ,yajna on the mount ,vishnupada the high-souled ,chitraratha drank ,soma juice with the king of gods 7#de74 ,chitraratha's son was ,dasharatha who passed by the name of ,lomapada whose daughter was ,shant 7#df74 ,by ,rishyasringa's favour he got a highly illustrious and heroic son by name ,chaturanga who perpetuated his race 7#dg74 ,chaturanga's son passed by the name of ,prithulksha whose son was the highly illustrious king ,champa 7#dh74 ,champa's capital was ,champ which formerly passed by the name of ,mlini4 ,by the favour of the ascetic ,purnabhadra ,haryanga was born as his son 7#di74 ,thereupon ,vibhndaka's son1 the ascetic ,rishyasringa1 brought down1 by virtue of incantation1 ,indra's elephant ,airvata to carry him in this world 7#ej74 ,haryanga's son was the king ,bhadraratha whose son was the king ,vrihadkarm 7#ea74 ,his son was ,vrihadarbha from whom was born ,vrihan man1 who begat the heroic king ,jayadratha whose son was ,dridaratha4 ,o ,janamejaya1 ,dridaratha's son was ,viswajita 7#eb-ec74 ,his son was ,karna whose son was ,vikarna4 ,he had a hundred sons who multiplied the race of ,anga4 ,vrihadarbha's son ,vrihanman had two wives in the two beautiful daughters of ,chaidya4 ,they were ,yashodevi and ,satvi who divided the family 7#ed-ee74 ,o king1 ,jayadratha was born of ,yashodevi4 ,and from ,satvi was born the celebrated king ,vijaya1 who 7by his equanimity of mind and other qualities7 was superior to the ,brhmanas and 7by heroism and other accomplishments was superior to7 the ,kshatriyas 7#ef74 ,vijaya's son was ,dhriti whose son was ,dhritavrata4 ,his son was the highly illustrious ,satyakarma 7#eg74 ,his son was the mighty car-warrior ,suta who adopted ,karna as his son4 ,it is therefore ,karna was called the son of a charioteer 7#eh74 ,the family of the highly powerful ,karna has thus been described4 ,karna's son was ,vrishasena whose son was ,vrisha 7#ei74 ,i have thus described to you the truthful and noble kings of the ,anga family who had all many sons and were mighty car-warriors 7#fj74 ,o king1 hear now of the family of ,roudrswa's son ,richeyu in which you have been born 7#fa74 ,,chapter ,,xxxii4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,richeyu',s ,,family4 ,vaishampayana said3--,the invincible king ,richeyu had none to equal him4 ,his wife was ,ivalan1 the daughter of ,takshaka 7#a74 ,that saintly queen gave birth to the saintly emperor ,matinra4 ,he had three highly pious sons 7#b74 ,of them the first was ,tangsu1 the second ,pratiratha and the youngest was ,suvhu4 ,he had another well-known daughter by name ,gouri who was the mother of ,mndhta 7#c74 ,they were all well-read in the ,vedas1 conversant with the knowledge of ,brahman1 truthful1 well-versed in the use of arms1 powerful and skillful in war-fare 7#d74 ,o king1 ,pratiratha's son was ,kanwa whose son was ,medhtithi4 ,from him the twice-born ones derived the family of ,knyyana 7#e74 ,o ,janamejaya1 he had a daughter by name ,ilini4 ,tangsu1 far more powerful than even the ,brahmavdins1 espoused her 7#f74 ,his son was the royal saint ,surodha1 who propagated religion1 was ,brahmavdhin1 powerful and heroic4 ,his wife was ,upadnavi 7#g74 ,she had four warrior sons4 ,they were ,dushmanta1 ,sushvanta1 ,pravira and ,anagha 7#h74 ,the heroic ,bharata was ,dushmanta's son4 7,in his boyhood7 he passed by the name of ,sarvadamana1 was high-souled and gifted with the strength of ten million elephants 7#i74 ,noble ,dushmanta begat on ,sakuntal a son by name ,bharata who became ,lord ,paramount4 ,from him you have all derived the name of ,bhratas 7#aj74 ,a voice from heaven spoke to the king ,dushmanta4 ,the mother is only a leathern case4 ,the son belongs to the father4 ,he takes after him by whom he is begotten 7#aa74 ,o ,dushmanta1 take care of your son and do not disregard ,sakuntal4 ,o king1 a son1 born of a portion of the father1 releases him from the abode of ,death 7#ab74 ,through you she has conceived4 ,sakuntal has spoken the truth4 ,as described by me before when the sons of the king ,bharata were all destroyed by the anger of their mother1 the great ascetic ,bharadwaja1 the son of ,angira's son ,vrihaspati1 was chosen as a son of ,bharata by ,marutas1 the presiding deities of ,yajnas 7#ac-ad74 ,this instance1 of the ,marutas assigning this duty to the intelligent ,bharadwja on behalf of ,bharata1 is often cited 7#ae74 ,bharadwja honored the ,marutas with sacrifices4 ,when the power of procreating sons was withdrawn from ,bharata1 ,bharadwja begat a son whose name was ,vitatha4 ,when his grandson ,vitatha was born ,bharata repaired to heaven 7#af-ag74 ,thereupon placing ,vitatha on the throne ,bharadwja retired into woods4 ,he again begat five sons-,suhotra1 ,suhota1 ,gaya1 ,garga and the high-souled ,kapila4 ,suhotra had two sons 7#ah-ai71 the highly powerful ,kshika and the king ,gritsamati4 ,the latter had sons amongst the ,brhmanas1 ,kshatriyas1 and ,vaisyas 7#bj74 ,kshika's sons were ,ksheya and ,dirghatap2 by the latter the learned ,dhanwantari was begotten 7#ba74 ,dhanwantari's son passed by the name of ,ketumn4 ,his son was the heroic king ,bhimaratha4 ,his son was the celebrated king of ,brnashi by name ,divodsa who slew all the ,rkshasas 7#bb-bc74 ,at this time1 ,o king1 a ,rkshasa1 by name ,kshemaka1 depopulated the city of ,brnashi for the high-souled and intelligent ,nikumbha imprecated a curse against that city saying that it would be without any inhabitants for one thousand years4 ,as soon as this curse was pronounced against the city of ,barnshi the king ,divodsa laid a most beautiful city on the bank of ,gomati 7#bd-be74 ,formerly the city of ,brnashi was in the possession of the ascetic king ,bhadrasenya born in the race of ,yadu4 ,having slain his hundred sons who were all excellent bowmen the king ,divodsa laid out his kingdom there 7#bf-bg74 ,the heroic king ,pratardanna was ,divodsa's son4 ,he had two sons1 ,vatsa and ,bharga 7#bh74 ,vatsa's son was ,alarka from whom ,sannatimn was born4 ,bhadrasenya's son1 the high-souled ,durdama was adopted by ,haihaya as his son4 ,he regained his ancestral kingdom that was forcibly invaded by ,divodsa4 ,he was out of mercy spared by ,divodsa1 who thought him a mere child 7#bh-cj74 ,the king ,ashtaratha was the son of ,bhimaratha4 ,by putting an end to hostilities that ,kshatriya killed all the little boys of 7,durdama74 ,alarka1 the king of ,kshi1 was truthful and looked after the well-being of the ,brhmanas 7#ca-cb74 ,that youthful and beautiful king ruled over his kingdom for sixty thousand and sixty hundred years 7#ce74 ,the king of ,kshi was endued both with beauty and youth4 ,by ,lopamudr's favour he acquired a long life 7#cd74 ,after the termination of the curse that mighty-armed king slew the ,rkshasa ,kshemaka and laid out again the charming city at ,brnashi 7#ce74 ,the king ,sunitha was ,alarka's son4 ,the highly illustrious ,kshemya was ,sunitha's son 7#cf74 ,kshemya's son was ,ketumn whose son was ,varshaketu2 the latter's son was the king ,bibhu 7#cg74 ,bibhu's son was ,anartha from whom was born ,sukumra4 ,his son was the mighty car-warrior1 the highly energetic and pious king ,satyaketu4 ,from ,vatsa his province was called ,vatsa and from ,bhrgava his province was name ,bhrga4 ,these were all born as the sons of ,angiras in the ,bhrgava race4 ,o foremost of ,bhratas1 they were ,brhamanas1 ,kshatriyas and ,vaishyas 7#ch-dj74 ,suhotra's son was ,vrihat who had three sons1 ,ajamida1 ,dwimida and the energetic ,purumida4 ,ajamida had three beautiful wives namely ,nilini1 ,keshin and the beautiful damsel ,bhumini 7#da-db74 ,ajamida begat the powerful ,janhu on ,keshni4 ,he undertook the celebration of the great sacrifice ,sarvamedha4 ,gang solicited him to become her husband4 ,but on his refusing to accept her proposals she flooded his sacrificial ground 7#dc-dd71 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 beholding his sacrificial ground thus flooded by ,gang1 ,janhu1 the slayer of enemies1 grew enraged and said to her3--,o ,gang1 ,i shall exhaust all your waters in the three worlds1 by drinking them4 ,you will pay then dearly for your arrogance 7#de-df74 ,beholding ,gang then drunk up by ,janhu the high-souled ,rishis made her his daughter by the name of ,jnhavi 7#dg74 ,janhu espoused ,yuvanshwa's daughter ,kveri4 ,by imprecating a curse on her1 ,gang afterwards converted one-half of her body into a river 7#dh74 ,janhu's favourite son was the emperor ,balkshwa 7#di74 ,he was very fond of hunting4 ,his son was ,kushika who grew up with the ,panhavas in the forest 7#ej74 ,kushika carried on hard austerities with the desire that he would obtain as powerful a son as ,indra4 ,therefore ,sakra1 out of fear1 took his birth as his son 7#ea74 ,maghavn1 born of his own accord in the race of ,kushika1 passed by the name of king ,gdhi4 ,his sons were ,vishwmitra1 ,vishwaratha1 ,viswajit and ,viswakrit4 ,o king1 their youngest daughter was ,satyavati4 ,richika begat ,jamadagni on her 7#eb-ec74 ,vishwamitra's sons ,devarta and others are celebrated over the three worlds4 ,hear their names from me 7#ed74 ,devashrava's son was ,kati from whom the ,ktyayanas received their name4 ,hiranyksha was begotten on ,shlvatt and ,renumn on ,renu 7#ee74 ,besides1 ,o king1 there were ,sangskritya1 ,galava and ,moudgalya4 ,the families of those high-souled ,koushikas are still well-known 7#ef74 ,the ,panis1 ,babhrus1 ,dhyanajpyas1 the king ,devarta and others1 ,satangkayana1 ,soushrava1 ,louhitya1 ,ymadul1 ,karishis and ,sonshrutas were all descendants of ,koushika4 ,besides there are ,saindhavayanas and others4 ,they contract matrimonial alliances amongst themselves according to the distinction of grades4 ,o emperor1 the alliance1 between the ,brhmana saints ,koushikas and the ,pouravas is known as the intermarriage between the ,brhmanas and ,kshatriyas4 ,amongst the sons of ,viswmitra ,sunasepha was the eldest 7#eg-fj74 ,although born in the race of ,bhrigu1 that foremost of ,munis attained to the station of a ,koushika4 ,viswmitra had other sons too ,devarta and others 7#fa74 ,viswmitra begat a son on ,drishadvati by name ,ashtaka whose son was ,louha4 ,i have thus described the progeny of ,janhu 7#fb74 ,o foremost of men1 hear of the other sons of ,ajmida4 ,he begat ,sushanti on his wife ,nilini 7#fc74 ,from ,sushanti was born ,purujti from whom again was ,vhyshwa4 ,the latter had five sons resembling the immortals 7#fd74 ,they were ,mudgala1 the king ,srinjaya1 ,vrihadishu1 ,yavanira and the powerful ,krimitshwa 7#fe74 ,we have heard that the five of them were capable of protecting their country--and they were the lords of the ,panchla ,province consisting of prosperous villages 7#ff74 ,because the five of them were capable of protecting their land therefore it is called ,panchala4 ,mudgala's sons were the highly illustrious ,moudgalyas 7#fg74 ,they were all noble1 twice-born and abided by the duties of ,kshatriyas4 ,the descendants of ,kanwa and ,mudgala took the side of ,angiras 7#fh74 ,mudgala's eldest son was the highly illustrious ,brhmana saint ,indrasena from whom was born ,badhyashwa 7#fi74 ,he begat twins on ,menak2 such we have heard4 ,one of them was the royal saint ,livodsa and the other was the illustrious ,ahaly 7#gj74 ,sharadvna begat on ,ahaly the foremost of ,rishis ,shatanada4 ,his son the highly illustrious ,satyadhriti was a master of the science of archery4 ,seeing a nymph before him he was possessed by desire1 the out-come of which was a twin4 ,going out a-hunting the king ,shntanu1 out of mercy1 took them up4 ,accordingly the son was named ,kripa and the daughter ,kripi1 they are called ,shradwatas and known as ,goutamas 7#ga-gd74 ,i shall now describe the progeny of ,divodsa4 ,the saintly king ,mitreyu was ,divodsa's son 7#ge74 ,from him branched off the ,matrayani line and after him were named the ,matreyas4 ,these descendants of ,bhrigu took the side of ,kshetropota 7#gf74 ,the high-souled ,srinjaya had a son by name ,panchajana1 whose son was the king ,somadatta4 ,his son was the highly illustrious ,sahadwa whose son was the king ,somaka 7#gg-gh74 ,when the family was verging on extinction ,somaka was again born of the twins of ,ajamida4 ,his son was ,jantu who had a hundred sons 7#gi74 ,of them the youngest was ,prishata who was ,drupada's father4 ,drupada's son was ,dhaistadyumna whose son was ,dhristaketu 7#hj74 ,these high-souled ,somaks are known as ,ajamidas4 ,and the sons of the high-souled ,ajamida became known by the name of ,somakas 7#ha74 ,o king1 the mother of your fore-fathers1 ,dhumini1 desirous of having sons1 was the third queen of ,ajamida 7#hb74 ,that lady1 ever observant of vows1 practised1 for having a son1 hard austerities which it is difficult for women to perform1 extending over a million of years 7#hc74 ,o ,janamejaya1 living on pure and restricted fare1 offering duly oblation to fire she used to lie down on ,kusa grass intended for fire-worship4 ,ajamida knew the lady ,dhumini and she gave birth to a smoky coloured beautiful son by name ,riksha4 ,from him was born ,samvarana who again begat ,kuru1 who passing by ,prayaga1 laid out the city of ,kurukshetra 7#hd-he74 ,after that high-minded king had carried on penances for many thousand years and cultivated that holy and charming province resorted to by the pious1 ,sakra conferred on him a boon4 ,his family was highly great from whom the ,kouravas received their appellation 7#hf-hg74 ,kuru had four sons1 namely1 ,sudhanwa1 ,sudhana1 the mighty armed ,parikshit and ,pravara at whose name the enemies used to tremble 7#hh74 ,sudhanwa's son was the intelligent ,suhotra4 ,his son was ,chyavana who was well read in the ,vedas and other scriptures 7#hi74 ,chyavana's son was ,krityajna4 ,celebrating many sacrifices that pious king begat a son equal to ,indra in glory 7#ij74 ,he was ,vasu the king of ,chedis who could range in the sky and move about in the air4 ,he begat on ,girika seven sons 7#ia74 ,they were the mighty car-warrior ,vrihadratha the king of ,magadha1 ,pratyagraha1 ,kusha1 who passed by the name of ,manivahana1 ,maruta1 ,yadu the fish ,kli and ,sattama4 ,vrihadratha's son was known by the name of ,kushgra 7#ib-ic74 ,his son was the learned and powerful ,brishabha whose son was the pious ,puspavri4 ,his powerful son passed by the name of king ,satyatul 7#id-ie74 ,his son was the virtuous souled ,urja whose son was ,sambhava4 ,a powerful son was born to ,sambhava in two portions which were sewed up by ,jar4 ,and this son was accordingly named ,jarsandha 7#if-ig74 ,that highly powerful ,jarsandha defeated all the ,kshatriyas4 ,his son was the powerful ,sahadeva 7#ih74 ,his son was the beautiful and highly illustrious ,udayu who begat a highly pious son 7#ii74 ,his name was ,srutadharm who lived in the country of ,magadha4 ,parikshita's son was the pious ,janamejaya 7#ajj74 ,he had three sons who were all mighty car-warriors2 they were ,srutasena1 ,ugrasena and ,bhimasena 7#aja74 ,they were all highly prosperous1 powerful and brave4 ,besides these three sons ,janamejaya begat on ,manimati another two who were named ,suratha and ,matimn 7#ajb74 ,suratha's son was the powerful ,viduratha whose son was the mighty car-warrior ,riksha 7#ajc74 ,though he was the second ,riksha he was illustrious like the first4 ,o king1 in your family were born two ,rikshas1 two ,parikshits1 three ,bhimasenas and two ,janamejayas4 ,riksha the second had a son by name ,bhimasena whose son was ,pratipa4 ,his sons were ,shntanu1 ,devapi and ,vlhika who were all mighty car-warriors 7#ajd-ajf74 ,o king1 the family1 in which you have been born1 is ,shntanu's family4 ,o king1 ,valhika had seven kingdoms 7#ajg74 ,valhika's son was the highly illustrious ,somadatta whose sons were ,bhuri1 ,bhurishrava and ,shala 7#ajh74 ,the ascetic ,devapi was the priest of the gods4 ,he was the favourite son of the high-souled ,chyavana 7#aji74 ,the king ,shntanu was the foremost of the ,kuru kings4 ,the family in which1 ,o great king1 you have been born as ,shntanu's race 7#aaj74 ,he begat on ,gang a son by name ,devavrata4 ,he was celebrated by the name of ,bhishma the grand-father of the ,pndavas 7#aaa74 ,kli 7,satyavati7 gave birth to ,vichitravirya who was the most favourite1 virtuous-souled and sinless son of ,shntanu 7#aab74 ,krishnadwaipyana begat on ,vichitravirya's wife ,dhritarstra1 ,pndu and ,vidura4 ,dhritarastra begat on ,gndhri a hundred sons1 of whom ,duryodhana was the eldest and became king 7#aac-aad74 ,pandu's son was ,dhananjaya whose son was ,abhimanyu who was given birth to by ,subhadr4 ,o king1 your father ,parikshit is ,abhimanyu's son 7#aae74 ,o king1 such is the account of the ,puru race in which you have been born4 ,i shall presently describe the families of ,turvasu1 ,drahyu1 ,puru and ,yadu 7#aaf74 ,turvasu's son was ,vanhi1 whose son was ,gobhnu1 whose son was the irrepressible king ,traisnu4 ,his son was ,karandhama whose son was ,marutha4 ,i have mentioned before the name of another ,marutta who was the son of ,avikshit4 ,this king ,marutta had no issue and accordingly he celebrated many ,yajnas accompanied with profuse presents4 ,o king1 he had a daughter by name ,sarmat4 ,he made a gift of her to the high-souled ,samvarta4 ,afterwards he obtained the sinless ,puru king ,dushmanta as his son 7#aag-abj74 ,o foremost of kings1 thus on account of ,yayti's curse and of his transferring of his decrepitude ,turvasu's line became identified with that of ,kurus4 ,dushmanta's son was the king ,karuthma whose son was ,akrida4 ,he 7again7 had four sons whose names were ,pndya1 ,kerala1 ,kola and ,chola4 ,their prosperous territories were respectively named ,pndya1 ,chola and ,kerala4 ,o king1 ,drahyu's sons were ,babhru and ,setu4 ,setu's son was ,angra who was also known as lord of ,maruts4 ,that powerful king was slain1 with difficulty1 by ,youvnshwa in battle4 ,he fought with him a dreadful combat for fourteen months 7#aba-abe74 ,the king ,gndhra was ,angra's son1 after whose name the celebrated ,gndhra kingdom still passes4 ,the horses of that province are the best of their kind4 ,anu's son was ,dharma whose son was ,ghrita4 ,ghrita begat ,duduha whose son was ,prachet4 ,suchet was ,prachet's son4 ,i have thus described the family of ,anu4 ,hear1 ,i shall now describe at length the most excellent and powerful family of the eldest ,yadu 7#abf-abi74 ,,chapter ,,xxxiii4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,haihayas ,,and ,,kartavirya4 ,vaishampayana said3--,yadu had five sons equal unto the sons of the celestials4 ,they were ,sahasrada1 ,payoda1 ,kroshta1 ,neela and ,anjika4 ,o king1 ,sahasrada had three highly pious sons-,haihaya1 ,haya and ,venuhaya4 ,haihaya's son was celebrated by the name of ,dharmanetra4 ,his son was ,krta whose son was ,shanja 7#a-c74 ,that king founded a city named ,shanjani4 ,the king ,mahishmn was his son4 ,by him the city of ,mahishmati was founded4 ,the powerful ,bhadrasenya was ,mahishmn's son4 ,as recount ed by me before he was the ruler of ,brnashi4 ,bhadrasenya's son was ,durdama 7#d-f74 ,durdama's son was ,kanka who was very intelligent4 ,kanka had four sons well-known in the world1 namely ,kritavirya1 ,kritouj1 ,kritavarm and ,kritgni4 ,from ,kritavirya1 ,arjuna was born who had a thousand arms and became the emperor of the seven insular continents4 ,he alone1 in his car effulgent like the sun1 conquered the world 7#g-i74 ,having carried on hard austerities for a million of years that royal son of ,kritavirya succeeded in pleasing ,atri's son ,datta who conferred on him four very powerful boons4 ,the first of these1 was that he would get one thousand arms 7#aj-aa74 ,the second was that the sages would prevent him from imbibing irreligious thoughts4 ,the third was that having conquered the world with fierce ,kshatriya energies he would please his subjects duly4 ,the fourth was that when he would gain many battles and destroy thousands of enemies he would be killed in battle by a highly powerful man 7#ab-ac74 ,o king1 when that ascetic king engaged in a battle1 he1 by virtue of asceticism and illusory energy1 acquired thousand arms4 ,by his dreadful prowess he conquered the earth consisting of seven insular continents1 many mountains and oceans4 ,o ,janamejaya1 we have heard that king duly celebrated seven hundred ,yajnas in the seven insular continents 7#ad-af74 ,o large-armed one1 in those ,yajnas thousands of presents were given away4 ,in those ,yajnas golden sacrificial posts and altars were set up4 ,they were all adorned with gods in celestial cars1 with ,gandharvas and ,apsars4 ,in his ,yajnas1 the ,gandharvas and ,nrada sang hymns4 ,seeing his glory ,baridasa was struck with wonder 7#ag-ai74 ,narada said3--,none1 among the kings1 will attain to the dignity of ,krtavirya by celebrating ,yajnas1 making presents1 by his prowess and knowledge of scriptures 7#bj74 ,people saw him ranging in his car simultaneously1 by virtue of his ,yoga power1 over the seven insular continents with his armour1 sword and bow 7#ba74 ,on account of his righteously protecting his subjects that great king lost nothing1 never felt any grief nor made a mistake 7#bb74 ,he was the owner of all sorts of jewels and ,lord ,paramount4 ,he ruled for eighty-five thousand years 7#bc74 ,he performed many ,yajnas and owned extensive lands4 ,he was like ,indra on account of profuse showers and like ,arjuna for his ascetic powers 7#bd74 ,like the sun shining with all its thousand rays during the autumn he shone with his thousand arms with armours on and hardened by the strokes of his bow-string 7#be74 ,having defeated the sons of the ,nga ,karkotaka that highly effulgent king occupied his city1 by name ,mahishmati1 for the habitation of mankind 7#bf74 ,while sporting in the water during the rains that lotus-eyed king changed the current of the ocean with his thousand arms 7#bg74 ,while he sported and bathed in the water of the river ,narmad engarlanded with her foam she used to approach him in fear with her thousand waves 7#bh74 ,when he used to agitate the mighty deep with his thousand arms the great ,asuras1 living in the nether region1 became inert and silent 7#bi74 ,as the mount ,mandra1 when thrown off by the gods and demons1 7agitated7 the ocean of milk so did the king ,arjuna1 the son of ,kritavirya1 crush down the waves of the ocean1 shake the fish and other huge acquatic animals1 whirl the foam with air and create whirlpools of water4 ,awakened by the motion of the mount ,mandra1 terrified by the production of ambrosia and troubled all on a sudden1 the huge ,uragas became motionless and humble at the sight of that terrible man4 ,they trembled before him like plantain leaves shaken by the evening breeze 7#cj-cc74 ,having vanquished1 with his might1 the haughty king of ,lanka1 ,rvana with his army and made him senseless with five arrows he bound him with his bow-string1 brought him to the city of ,mahishmati and kept him in chains there 7#cd74 ,hearing that his son ,rvana had been kept in chains by ,arjuna ,pulastya went to him4 ,then solicited by him ,kritavirya's son ,arjuna set free ,pulastya's son ,rvana 7#ce74 ,the twang of his bow1 when drawn by his thousand arms1 was like the clapping of thunder-bolts accompanied by clouds at the time of the universal dissolution 7#cf74 ,but how great was the power of ,bhrigu's son 7,parashurma7 who sundered in battle the thousands arms of that king resembling a forest of golden palm trees 7#cg74 ,once on a time ,chitrabhnu1 stricken with thirst1 begged of him 7something74 ,arjuna conferred on ,vibhvasu the seven insular continents4 ,the fire god 7some time after7 wished to consume his cities and villages4 ,with the help of that foremost of men1 the great ,krtavirya he succeeded in destroying the mountains and forests 7#ch-dj74 ,the effulgent ,vasishtha1 whom ,varuna obtained as his son in the days of yore1 passed by another name ,apava4 ,the fire-god1 together with ,krtavirya burnt down the charming hermitage of ,varuna's son4 ,he was therefore greatly terrified4 ,the ascetic ,apava1 in anger1 imprecated a curse on ,arjuna1 saying3--,since ,o ,haihaya1 you have not left out my hermitage1 another man will destroy your work so acquired by you with difficulty4 ,the ascetic1 powerful and the mighty-armed ,brhmana1 ,rma1 the son of ,jamadagni born in the ,bhrigu race1 will chop off your thousand arms and slay you 7#da-dc47 ,vaishampyana said3--,o king1 ,o subduer of enemies1 on account of the imprecation of the ascetic ,apava ,kritavirya's son the king ,arjuna1 under whose righteous rule even his subjects did not lose anything1 met with his death4 ,o descendant of ,kuru1 he himself prayed to ,dattreya for this boon 7#df-dg74 ,amongst the hundred sons of that high-souled one only five survived him4 ,they were all powerful1 heroic1 virtuous and intelligent1 and were proficient in the use of weapons4 ,they were ,shurasena1 ,shura1 ,dhristokta1 ,krishna and ,jayadhwaja1 king of ,avanti 7#dh-di74 ,krtavirya's sons were all powerful1 and mighty car-warriors4 ,jayadhwaja's son was the highly powerful ,tlajangha4 ,his sons passed by the name of ,tlajanghas4 ,o king1 in the race of the high-souled ,haihayas1 ,vitihotra1 ,sujta1 ,bhoja1 ,avanti1 the powerful ,toundika1 and several others were known by the name of ,tlajanghas 7#ej-eb74 ,it is needless to describe the descendants of ,bharata and ,sujta4 ,the pious ,vrisha and others1 ,o king1 were born in the ,yadu race 7#ec74 ,vrisha was the head of the family and his son was ,madhu4 ,he had a hundred sons of whom ,vrishana perpetuated the race4 ,from ,vrishana were born the ,vrishnis1 from ,madhu the ,mdhavas and from ,yadu the ,yadavas4 ,these were the various branches of the ,haihaya family 7#ea-ee74 ,shura1 ,shurasena and ,shuravira passed by the name of ,haihayas4 ,the country1 of those high-souled ones1 was celebrated by the name of ,shurasena4 ,he1 who in this world1 recounts daily the birth of ,kritavirya's son1 ,arjuna1 does not lose his property4 ,and even if he loses it he acquires it again 7#ef-eg74 ,o king1 thus ,i have described the families of the five heroic sons of ,yayti1 celebrated in the world4 ,they are like the five elements preserving the mobile and immobile creation 7#eh74 ,a king1 well read in the ,vedas and other religious scriptures1 becomes the master of five senses and god-like and obtains the five boons which it is difficult to get in this world1 if he listens to the various creations of those five kings4 ,by listening to an account of the families of these five kings ,ayu acquired renown1 riches1 sons1 power and prosperity 7#ei-fj74 ,hear1 ,o king1 now of the most excellent and powerful family of the pious ,krousthu1 the head of the ,yadu family who performed ,yajnas4 ,in his family the lord of the ,vrishni race1 ,vishu was born as ,krishna4 ,by hearing of an account of ,krousthu's family a man is freed from all his sins 7#fa-fc47 ,the ,nagas were evidently an aboriginal race amongst whom many powerful kings flourished4 ,,chapter ,,xxxiv4 ,,krousthu',s ,,family4 ,vaishampayana said3-,krousthu had two wives ,gndhri and ,madri2 of them ,gndhari gave birth to the highly powerful ,anamitra and ,mdri to ,yudhjit and ,devamidusha4 ,there came into being three offshoots of the ,vrishni race1 7#a-b74 ,mdri's son begat two sons ,vrishni and ,andhaka4 ,vrishni's sons were ,shaphalka and ,chitraka 7#c74 ,wherever1 ,o king1 the virtuous souled ,shaphalka lived there existed no fear of disease or of draught 7#d74 ,o foremost ,bharatas1 once on a time ,indra1 the god of rain1 poured no showers in the territories of the king of ,kshi for three years 7#e74 ,the king accordingly brought the reverend ,shaphalka to his kingdom4 ,in consequence of his living there ,indra showered rain 7#f74 ,shaphalka obtained as his wife ,gndini the daughter of the king of ,kshi4 ,she every day used to distribute kine amongst the ,brhmanas 7#g74 ,she lived in her mother's womb for many years4 ,for her living in her mother's womb for many years1 her father said to her3--,be born very soon4 ,may you farewell1 why do you live there8 ,the daughter from the womb replied ,i shall daily give away a cow4 ,if you agree to this ,i shall take my birth4 ,the father1 saying ,so be it1 satisfied the wishes of his daughter 7#h-aj74 ,shaphalka begat on ,gndini the heroic and liberal ,akrura1 who was well read in ,shastras1 celebrated many ,yajnas1 gave away many presents and was fond of guests 7#aa74 ,upsanja1 ,shadgu1 ,mridara1 ,arimejaya1 ,arikshipta1 ,upeksha1 ,shatrughna1 ,arimarddana1 ,dharmadhrik1 ,yatidharm1 ,gidhramoja1 ,andhaka1 ,avhu1 and ,prativahu were ,akrura's brothers4 ,and the beautiful ,sundari was his sister 7#ab-ac74 ,o descendant of ,kuru1 ,akrura begat on ,sugtri the daughter of ,ugrasena1 ,prasena and ,upadeva powerful like the celestials 7#ad7 ,prithu1 ,viprithu1 ,ashwagriva1 ,ashwavhu1 ,suprshwaka1 ,gaveshi1 ,aristhanemi1 ,ashwa1 ,sudharm1 ,dharmavrit1 ,suvhu and ,vahuvhu were the sons of ,akrura's brother ,chitraka4 ,he had also two daughters by name ,shravisht and ,sravan4 ,kroushthu's third son ,devamidusha begat on ,ashmaki a son by name ,shura4 ,he begat ten sons on his ,bhoja queen 7#ae-ag74 ,amongst them the mighty armed ,vasudeva1 surnamed ,ankadunduvi was born first4 ,at the time of his birth bugles were sounded in heaven and the great sound of kettle-drums arose on earth4 ,a great shower of flowers took place at the house of ,shura4 ,vasudeva's beauty was matchless in the world of men4 ,that foremost of men was beautiful like the moon 7#ah-bj74 ,then were born in order ,devabhga1 ,devashrav1 ,andrishti1 ,kanavaka1 ,vatsavn1 ,grinjima1 ,shyma1 ,shamika and ,gandusha4 ,these were the ten sons of ,shura4 ,besides he had five beautiful daughters1 namely ,prithukirti1 ,prithu1 ,shrtadev1 ,shrutashrav and ,rjdhidevi4 ,every one of them gave birth to heroic sons4 ,o descendant of ,kuru1 the king ,kunti wanted ,prith 7#ba-bc74 ,therefore ,shura conferred her on the aged and worshipful ,kuntibhoja4 ,on her thus being adopted by ,kuntibhoja she passed by the name of ,kunti 7#bd74 ,anta begat ,jagrehu on ,shrutadeva4 ,the king of ,chedi begat on ,shrutashrava the highly powerful ,shishupala 7#be74 ,he was in his previous birth the ,daitya king ,hiranyakashipu4 ,vriddhasharm begat on ,prithukirti the highly powerful hero ,dantavakra the king of ,karusha4 ,kuntibhoja adopted ,prith as his daughter4 ,pndu married her 7#bf-bg74 ,dharma begat on her the pious ,yudhishthira1 ,vyu 7,wind-god7 begat ,bhimasena and ,indra the foremost of heroes ,dhananjaya1 equally powerful like him and celebrated in the world4 ,from ,anamitra1 the youngest of ,vrishni's sons was born ,shini 7#bh-bi74 ,his son was ,satyaka whose sons were ,yuyudhna and ,styaki4 ,yuyudhna's son was ,asanga whose son was ,bhumi4 ,his son was ,yugandhara with whom the family ended4 ,the great ,uddhava was ,devabhga's son4 ,he was known as the foremost of the learned and was illustrious like a celestial 7#cj-ca74 ,anadhrishthi begat on his wife ,ashmaki an illustrious son by name ,nivartashatru4 ,devashrav begat a son by name ,shatrughna 7#cb74 ,devashrav's son ,ekalavya was brought up by ,nishdas and was accordingly called ,naishdi 7#cc74 ,vatsavn had no issue and therefore ,shura's son the powerful ,vasudeva gave him his own be gotten heroic son ,koushika 7#cd74 ,gandusha too had no issue and therefore ,vishwaksena gave him his four sons namely ,chrudeshna1 ,suchru1 ,pnchla and ,kritalakshmana 7#ce74 ,the heroic 7,chrudeshna7 never used to come back from a battle without fighting4 ,o foremost of men1 the large-armed ,roukshmineya was the youngest of all 7#cf74 ,whenever he used to travel thousands of crows followed him with the hope ,we shall feed upon the sweet meat of various animals slain by ,chrudeshna 7#cg74 ,kanavaka had two sons ,tantrija and ,tantripla4 ,avagrinjima had two sons ,vira and ,ashwahanu4 ,both of them were heroes4 ,shyma's sons were ,sumitra and ,shamika4 ,the latter obtained the kingdom4 ,he considered himself unworthy for being the king of one province and accordingly undertook the celebration of a ,rjashuya sacrifice 7#ch-ci74 ,having secured the help of ,yudhishthira who had no enemies he slew all his foes4 ,hear1 ,i shall now describe the descendants of ,vasudeva 7#dj74 ,he who meditates on this very powerful threefold ,vrishni race consisting of many branches is never visited by any misfortune in this world 7#da74 ,another name of ,arjuna4 ,he was named so because he defeated the god of riches1 ,kuvera4 ,a low caste people4 ,it is a religious ceremony which only an ,emperor can perform when he becomes ,lord ,paramount after subjugating all the ,powers4 ,the king ,shamika was not satisfied with his being the king of one ,province only4 ,,chapter ,,xxxv4 ,,vasudeva',s ,,family4 ,vaishampayana said3--,of the fourteen beautiful wives of ,vasudeva1 ,rohini1 of ,puru's race1 was the first ,madir1 the second1 ,vaishkhi the third1 ,bhadr the fourth1 ,sunm the fifth1 ,sahadev the sixth1 ,devaki the seventh1 ,shntidev the eighth1 ,shridev the ninth1 ,devarakshita the tenth1 ,vrikadevi the eleventh1 ,upadevi the twelfth1 ,sutanu the thirteenth1 and ,badarv the fourteenth4 ,the last two were his female attendants 7#a-c74 ,rohini1 of ,puru's race1 was the daughter of ,vlhika4 ,o king1 she was the first and most beloved wife of ,ankadundhuvi 7#d74 ,vasudeva begat on ,rohini his eldest son ,rina1 ,shrana1 ,shatha1 ,durdhama1 ,damana1 ,swabhra1 ,pindraka1 ,ushinara1 and a daughter by name ,chitr4 ,o descendant of ,kuru1 it was ,chitr who passed by the name of ,subhadr 7#e-f74 ,vasudeva begat on ,devaki the highly illustrious ,shouri4 ,rma begat on ,revati his beloved son ,nishatha4 ,arjuna begat on ,subhadr the mighty car-warrior ,abhimanyu4 ,akrura begat ,satyaketu on the daughter of the king of ,kshi 7#g-h74 ,hear1 now1 of the heroic sons whom ,vasudeva begat on his seven noble wives 7#i74 ,bhoja and ,viyaya were the sons of ,shntideva4 ,vrika deva and ,gada were the sons of ,sunm 7#aj74 ,devarakshit obtained ,upsangavara as his son4 ,vrikadevi1 the daughter of the ,trigarta king1 gave birth to the high-souled ,agvaha4 ,his priest ,shaishiryana once grew desirous of testing the manhood 7of his brother-in-law ,grgya1 the priest of the ,ydavas7 7#aa-ab74 ,on account of a false charge being laid home to him ,grgya was filled with anger and remained like black iron for twelve years 7#ac74 ,he then began to live with a cow-herd's daughter4 ,a nymph1 by name ,gopli1 came to him in this guise 7#ad74 ,by the command of ,shulapni ,grgya1 made his human wife conceive1 the embryo whereof was irrepresible and never to die 7#ae74 ,she gave birth to a highly powerful king by name ,klayavana4 ,horses1 having their heads like those of bulls1 used to carry him in battle 7#af74 ,o king that child grew up in the city of the king of ,yavanas who had no issue4 ,and accordingly he was named ,klayavana 7#ag74 ,growing desirous of entering into a battle that king questioned the twice born ones4 ,thereat the omniscient ,nrada asked him to fight with the members of ,vrishni and ,andhaka families 7#ah74 ,thereupon starting for ,mathur with one ,akshouhini of soldiers ,klayavana sent his messenger to the house of ,vrishnis and ,andhakas 7#ai74 ,thereupon being united the ,vrishnis and ,andhakas1 making the highly intelligent ,krishna their president1 held a conference in fear of ,klayavana 7#bj74 ,then honoring ,pinaki thev resolved upon flying away from the charming city of ,mathur and thought of settling down in ,kushasthali ,dwark4 ,he1 who being pure and self-controlled1 listens to the story of ,krishna's birth1 becomes learned1 happy and freed from debts 7#ba-bb74 ,a name of ,krishna4 ,the sentences are very elliptical4 ,the purport is1 ,saishirayana put his brother-in-law ,gargya to test and found him self-controlled4 ,he however put a wrong construction on this fact and thought that he had no manhood in him4 ,this enraged ,gargya very much whose anger was pacified after twelve years4 ,a name of ,siva4 ,the word literally means one who has a mace in his hand4 ,a class of non-,aryans4 ,the nymph ,gopali1 after giving birth to that son1 left the king4 ,a complete army consisting of #a1ji1cej foot1 #fe1faj horses1 #ba1hgj chariots1 and #ba1hgj elephants4 ,a name of ,siva4 ,literally it means the holder of ,pinaka1 a trident or three-pronged spear4 ,dwarka situated in the country of ,kanyakuhia or ,kanoui4 ,,chapter ,,xxxvi4 ,,kroushthu',s ,,family4 ,vaishampayana said3--,the highly illustrious ,vrijinivn was ,kroushthu's son4 ,his son was ,swji the foremost of those celebrating ,yajnas 7#a74 ,swhu's son was the king ,ushadgu the foremost of speakers4 ,desiring to have a most excellent son he propitiated the celestials with various grand sacrifices accompanied with profuse presents4 ,by performing various religious ceremonies he obtained a son by name ,chitraratha 7#b-c74 ,his son was the royal saint ,sashavindu who was a hero1 performed ,yajnas duly and gave away profuse presents 7#d7 ,the highly illustrious king ,prithushrav was ,sashavindu's son4 ,sages1 well-read in ,purnas1 designate ,prithushrav's son as ,antara4 ,his son was ,suyajna whose son was ,ushata4 ,he was the foremost of all men desirous of celebrating sacrifices according to the prescribed modes of their respective orders 7#e-f74 ,shineyu1 the repressor of his enemies1 was ,ushata's son4 ,the royal saint ,marutta was ,shineyu's son 7#g74 ,marutta obtained ,kamvalavarhisha as his eldest son4 ,he1 in anger1 performed various religious ceremonies securing excellent fruits in the next world 7#h74 ,kamvalavarhisha obtained ,sutaprasuti as his son who again begat a son by name ,rukshmakvcha 7#i74 ,having slain in battle a very clever warrior wearing a hundred coats of mail with sharpened arrows ,sutaprasuti attained to most excellent prosperity 7#aj74 ,from ,rukshmakavacha was born ,parjit the slayer of hostile heroes4 ,parjit begat five highly powerful sons1 namely ,rukshmeshu1 ,prithurukshma1 ,jymogha1 ,plita and ,hari4 ,their father gave away ,plita and ,hari to the king of ,videha 7#aa-ab74 ,rukshameshu became the king assisted by ,prithurukshma4 ,having been exiled by them both from the kingdom1 ,jymogha lived in a hermitage 7#ac74 ,living in the forest and acquiring equanimity of mind he was instructed by the ,brhmanas4 ,thereupon ascending his car that car-warrior conquered foreign countries and then lived alone in the city of ,mirthikavati situate on the bank of ,nerbuda4 ,then conquering the mount ,rikshavatam he lived in the city of ,shuktimati 7#ad-ae74 ,jymogha's wife ,shaivy was very strong and chaste4 ,the king1 although he had no issue1 did not espouse any other wife 7#af74 ,he became victorious in a certain battle and obtained a daughter there4 ,then the king1 in a great hurry1 said to his wife ,she will be your daughter-in law4 ,hearing this the queen said ,whose daughter-in-law will she be8 ,thereat ,jyamogha1 the foremost of kings1 said ,this ,upadnavi will be the wife of a son that will be born to you4 ,on account of the hard austerities of that girl that fortunate ,shaivy1 in her advanced years1 gave birth to a son by name ,vidarbha 7#ag-ai74 ,vidarbha begat on that girl two heroic and learned sons well-acquainted with the various modes of warfare by name ,kratha and ,kaishika 7#bj74 ,his third son ,lomapda was highly pious4 ,his son was ,vabhru whose son was ,ahvriti4 ,his son ,kaishika was learned and highly pious4 ,his son was ,chedi after whose name pass the kings of the ,chaidya race 7#ba-bb74 ,vidarbha's son was ,bhima whose son was ,kunti4 ,he begat two sons1 namely1 ,dhrishta and the powerful ,anadhristha4 ,dhrishtha had three highly pious and heroic sons1 namely1 ,avanta1 ,dhshrha and the powerful ,vishahara4 ,dashrha's son was ,vyom from whom was born ,jeemuta 7#bc-bd74 ,his son was ,vrehati whose son again was ,bhimaratha4 ,and his son was ,navaratha 7#be74 ,his son was ,dasharatha whose son was ,shakuni4 ,from the latter was born ,karambha4 ,the king ,devarta was ,karambha's son4 ,his son was ,devakshatra4 ,the highly illustrious1 god-like and sweet-speeched king ,madhu1 the glory of his race1 was ,devakshatra's son4 ,madhu begat on his wife ,vaidarbhi a son by name ,maruvasa 7#bf-bh74 ,purudvna1 the foremost of men1 was ,maruvasa's son4 ,o foremost of ,kurus1 he begat on his ,bhadravati1 born in the race of ,vaidarbhas1 a son by name ,madhu 7#bi74 ,madhu married a lady of the ,ikshwku family from whom was born ,satvna4 ,he was endued with the quality of goodness and enhanced the glory of the ,stwatas 7#cj74 ,the man1 who knows this account of the family of the high-souled ,jymogha1 gets offspring and highest felicity 7#ca74 ,,chapter ,,xxxvii4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,vabhru',s ,,family4 ,vaishampayana said3--,o king1 ,stwata1 endued with the quality of goodness1 begat on ,koushaly several sons1 namely ,bhajina1 ,bhajamna1 ,divya1 ,devavridha1 the mighty armed ,andhaka1 and ,yadu's son ,vrishni4 ,listen to a detailed account of theirs progenitors 7#a-b74 ,bhajamna had two wives1 daughters of ,srinjaya1 by name ,vhyak and ,upavhvak4 ,he had a number of sons by those two wives4 ,krami1 ,kramina1 ,drishta1 ,shura and ,puranjava were begotten on ,vhyka4 ,and ,ayutajit1 ,sahasrjit1 ,shatajit1 and ,dsaka were begotten on ,srinjaya's daughter ,upavhvak by ,bhajamana 7#c-e74 ,resolving ,i must have a son endued with all accomplishments the king ,devavridha1 the performer of ,yajnas1 carried on hard austerities 7#f74 ,controlling his mind he used to bathe in the water of the river ,parnsh and rinse his mouth there with4 ,on account of his constant touch1 the river accomplished what he liked 7#g74 ,thinking alone1 that foremost of rivers ,parnsh resolved upon doing some good by that king4 ,meditating thus she could not set his eye upon a woman capable of giving birth to such an accomplished son4 ,she accordingly made up her mind to become herself the wife of that king 7#h-i74 ,thereupon becoming a maiden and assuming a most handsome form she selected that king as her husband4 ,he too liked her 7#aj74 ,she then conceived through that liberal-minded king4 ,in the tenth month1 she1 from king ,devvridha1 gave birth to a highly accomplished son by name ,vabhru4 ,in this family while describing the accomplishments of the noble ,devvridha the sages1 well-read in the ,puranas1 used to say3--,before us1 at a distance from us and near us we behold the king ,devavridha range assuming various forms by virtue of his illusive energy 7#aa-ac74 ,vabhru was the foremost of men1 and ,devvridha was equal unto the celestials4 ,being slain in battle by ,devvridha and ,vabhru four hundred and sixty two thousand men attained to the region of ,brahma4 ,vabhru celebrated many ,yajnas1 made away gifts1 was learned and conversant with the knowledge of ,brahman4 ,his weapon was very strong4 ,besides he was of glorious deeds1 highly effulgent and the foremost of ,stwatas4 ,his family was extensive and his descendants were ,mrtikavata ,bhojas 7#ad-af74 ,from ,andhaka ,kshya's daughter obtained four sons1 namely ,kukura1 ,bhajamna1 ,shama and ,kamvalavarhisha 7#ag74 ,kukura's son was ,dhrishnu and ,drishnu's son was ,kapotaroma4 ,his son again was ,tittiri 7#ah74 ,from him was born ,punarvasu1 whose son was ,abhijit who had two children 7#ai74 ,both ,ahuka 7a son7 and ,ahuki 7a daughter7 were well-known and the foremost of all celebrated persons4 ,the following hymn was chanted in ,ahuka's praise 7#bj74 ,encircled by his pure souled descendants he 7was noble and energetic7 like a young horse4 ,when that king first went out on his excursion he was protected by the gods 7#ba74 ,there was none amongst those who followed this ,bhoja king who had no issue1 who had not made away a hundred presents1 who had not a life extending over a thousand years1 who was not of pure deeds and who did not perform ,yajnas 7#bb74 ,at the command of ,ahuka ten thousand cars with ten thousand elephants1 having yokes1 pieces of wood at their bottom1 flags attached to them1 with sounds like the muttering of clouds and golden and silver chains1 used to proceed to the eastern quarter 7#bc-bd74 ,an equal number of cars and elephants was placed in the northern quarter4 ,having brought under subjection all his commanders ,ashuka used to go about with his kinsmen in his car adorned with a gridle of small bells 7#be74 ,the ,andhakas conferred on ,avanti king ,ahuka's sister ,ahuki4 ,ahuka begat two sons on the daughter of the king of ,kshi 7#bf74 ,they were ,devaka and ,ugrasena who were both like the sons of celestials4 ,devaka had four god-like sons 7#bg74 ,they were ,devavn1 ,upadeva1 ,sudeva1 and ,devarakshit4 ,he had seven daughters of all whom he conferred on ,vasudeva 7#bh74 ,they were ,devaki1 ,shntideva1 ,sridev1 ,devarakshita1 ,vrikadevi1 ,upadevi and ,sunmni was the seventh 7#bi74 ,ugrasena had nine sons of whom ,kangsa was the eldest4 ,others were ,nyagrodha1 ,sunm1 ,kanka1 ,shambhu1 ,subhamija1 ,rshtrapla1 ,sudhanu1 ,anadhrishti and ,pushtiman4 ,they had five sisters1 namely1 ,kngs1 ,kangsavati1 ,sutanu1 ,rshtrapli1 and the beautiful ,kangk4 ,i have described the family of ,ugrasena1 born in the ,kuru race 7#cj-ca74 ,meditating on this highly energetic ,kuru race1 a man1 having offspring1 gets a big family 7#cb74 ,there is another meaning of this text4 ,he used to go out on a conveyance drawn by eighty men4 ,ashiti means eighty4 ,charma means a wooden conveyance and ,yukta means seated4 ,the meaning that we have adopted is thus made out4 ,ashitayas means gods1 ,charma leathern protector of arrows2 ,yukta protected i4e4 he was protected by the gods as arrows are protected by leathern cases i4e4 the gods were like leathern cases to him4 ,both the meanings are equally good4 ,the former gives an idea of his splendour4 ,the latter shows that he was in the good grace of the celestials4 ,,chapter ,,xxxviii4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,swyamantaka ,,jewel4 ,vaishampayana said3--,bhajamna's son was ,viduratha1 the foremost of car-warriors4 ,the heroic ,rajdhideva was ,viduratha's son 7#a74 ,rjdhideva had a number of highly powerful sons1 namely the powerful ,datta1 ,atidatta1 ,shonaswa1 ,swetavhana1 ,shami1 ,dandasharm1 ,dattashatru and ,shatrujit4 ,they had two sisters by name ,shravana and ,shravishtha 7#b-c74 ,shami's son was ,pratikshtra whose son was ,swayamboja and whose son was ,hridika 7#d74 ,his sons were of dreadful prowess4 ,of them ,kritavarm was the eldest and ,shatadhanw was the second 7#e74 ,the celestial saint ,chyvana begat for him four sons and two daughters4 ,the sons were ,vishak1 ,vaitarana1 ,suvnt and ,adhidnta4 ,the daughters were ,kamad and ,kmadantika 7#f74 ,kamvalavarhisha had a learned son named ,devavn who had three sons namely ,asamouja1 ,veera and ,nsamouj 7#g74 ,asamouja had no issue and therefore ,andhaka conferred on him his three sons namely ,sudangstra1 ,suvhu and ,krishna 7#h74 ,these and various others members of the ,andhaka family have been described to you4 ,he1 who daily meditates upon ,andhaka family1 forsooth gets his family multiplied4 ,krousthu had two wives1 ,gndhri and ,mdri 7#i-aj74 ,gandhri gave birth to the highly powerful ,anamitra and ,mdri gave birth to ,yudhjit and ,devamidusha 7#aa74 ,anamitra was ever irrepressible and subduer of his enemies4 ,his son was ,nighna who had two sons ,prasena and ,satrjit both of whom were subduers of hostile armies4 ,living in the city of ,dwark ,prasena obtained from the ocean the peerless celestial jewel called ,swyamantaka4 ,the sun was his friend as valuable as his life 7#ab-ad74 ,once on a time after the expiration of the night that foremost of car-warriors1 ascending his chariot1 went to the bank of the ocean for bathing and worshipping the sun 7#ae74 ,when he worshipped the god of rays the invisible lord ,vivaswan appeared in effulgence before him 7#af74 ,thereupon the king said to the ,lord ,vibhakara before him--,o lord of rays1 ,i see thee although before me in thy same circular effulgent form as ,i always behold thee in the sky4 ,thou hast appeared before me as a friend but what special favour have ,i got 7#ag-ah78 ,hearing this1 the lord took out from his neck the peerless jewel ,swyamantaka and gave it to him 7#ai74 ,thereupon the king saw him in his form4 ,seeing him he was pleased and conversed with him for a moment 7#bj74 ,while ,vivaswn was about to go away the king again said to him3--,o lord1 it behoveth thee to confer upon me this jewel with which thou dost always light the worlds 7#ba74 ,thereupon ,bhskara gave him the jewel ,swyamantaka4 ,holding it the king entered his own city 7#bb74 ,all the people followed him thinking that the sun was going4 ,filling all the citizens with wonder the king entered the inner appartment 7#bc74 ,the king ,satrajit1 with great delight1 conferred that peerless celestial jewel ,swyamantaka on his brother ,prasena 7#bd74 ,that jewel used to produce gold in the palace of ,vrishnis and ,andhakas4 7,by its power7 the god of rains used to pour shower in due season and there was no fear of disease 7#be74 ,govinda grew desirous of acquiring that peerless jewel ,swyamantaka from ,prasena4 ,although capable he did not take it by force or pilfer it 7#bf74 ,once on a time adorned with that jewel ,prasena went out a-hunting4 ,he was1 for that ,swyamantaka1 slain by a wild lion 7#bg74 ,killing that flying lion a highly powerful bear took that jewel and entered into his den 7#bh74 ,hearing of the death of ,prasena1 all the members of ,vrishni and ,andhaka families entertained suspicions against ,krishna1 because they knew that he had a fancy for that jewel 7#bi74 ,knowing their suspicion and thinking that he himself was innocent the virtuous-souled ,krishna1 resolving ,i must bring the jewel set out for the forest where ,prasena went for hunting4 ,following his foot-seps along with his followers and ransacking the mountains ,rikshavan and ,vindhya the great ,krishna was stricken with fatigue4 ,he then saw ,prasena and his horse killed there but did not find the jewel4 ,he then saw near ,prasena the lion killed by the bear4 ,it was surmised by the footsteps4 ,following them he searched for the den of the running bear 7#cj-cd74 ,he heard the voice of a female in the huge den of that bear4 ,a nurse was giving play with that jewel to ,jamvavn's son and saying ,do not weep 7#ce74 ,the nurse said3--,the lion killed ,prasena and he has been killed by ,jamvavn4 ,therefore1 ,o my good boy1 do not weep4 ,this ,swyamantaka belongs to you 7#cf74 ,thereupon keeping all the ,yadavas with ,baladeva at the mouth of the den and displaying a beautiful form and voice ,krishna1 with ,sharnga bow1 silently entered into it4 ,and having entered there by force the ,lord beheld the bear 7#cg-ch71 ,govinda wrestled with ,jmvavn in that den for twenty-one days 7#ci74 ,after ,krishna had entered the den all the ,ydavas1 headed by ,baladeva1 returned to ,dwark and announced that he had been slain 7#dj74 ,having vanquished the highly powerful ,jmvavan he married the most beloved daughter of the king of bears by name ,jamvavati and took away the jewel for clearing himself 7of the charge7 7#da74 ,then saluting the king of ,rikshas he came out of the den4 ,enveloped with great beauty1 he1 afterwards1 returned to the city of ,dwark 7#db74 ,having thus brought the jewel and cleared himself of the charge he handed over ,swyamantaka to ,satrajit in an assembly of the ,stwatas 7#dc74 ,having thus acquired the jewel ,swyamantaka ,krishna1 the slayer of enemies1 who had been accused of a false charge1 cleared himself of the guilt 7#dd74 ,satrajit had ten wives who gave birth to a hundred sons4 ,of them three were well-known4 ,bhangakara was the eldest1 the heroic ,btapati was the second1 and ,viyatsnta was the third4 ,o king1 he had three daughters well-known in all the quarters 7#de-df74 ,they were ,satyabhm1 the most excellent of women1 ,bratini1 of firm vows and ,praswpini4 ,strajit married them all with ,krishna 7#dg74 ,bhangakara had two sons1 the foremost of men1 ,sabhksha and ,nreya4 ,both of them were accomplished1 and well-known for their beauty 7#dh74 ,madri's son ,yudhajit had a son by name ,vrishni4 ,he had two sons1 ,shaphalk and ,chitraka 7#di74 ,shaphalka married the daughter of the ,king of ,kashi4 ,her name was ,gndini and her father used to give away a cow every day7#ej74 ,she gave birth to the great ,akrura who was fond of guests and performed sacrifices accompanied with profuse gifts1 ,upasanja1 ,mangu1 ,mridura1 ,arimejaya1 ,girikshipa1 ,upiksha1 ,shatruh1 ,arimardana1 ,dharmabhrit1 ,yatidharm1 ,gridhra1 ,bhoja1 ,andhaka1 ,suvahu and ,prativhu and to a beautiful daughter by name ,sundari4 ,that beautiful girl was the queen of ,virutashwa1 was endued with beauty and youth and was charming unto all 7#ea-ed74 ,o descendant of ,kuru1 ,akrura begat on ,ugraseni two sons1 ,sudeva and ,upadeva1 who were both powerful like the celestials 7#ee74 ,chitraka had many sons1 namely1 ,prithu1 ,viprithu1 ,aswagriva1 ,ashwavhu1 ,suprshwa1 ,gaveshi1 ,aristhnemi1 ,aswa1 ,sudharm1 ,dharmabhrit1 ,suvhu and ,vahuvhu and two daughters by name ,shravishth and ,shravan4 ,he1 who reads of this false accusation against ,srikrishna1 suffers from no such thing in his life 7#ef-eh74 ,,chapter ,,xxxix4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,akrura4 ,vaishampayana said3--,akrura had that peerless jewel which ,krishna conferred on ,satrjit1 stolen by ,shatadhanw 7#a74 ,akrura always wished to have the beautiful ,satyabhm4 ,as soon as he got an opportunity he desired to possess that valuable jewel 7#b74 ,thereupon1 having slain ,satrjit at the dead of night the highly powerful ,shatadhanw took away the jewel and made a present of it to ,akrura 7#c74 ,taking that jewel he made ,shatadhanw promise that he would never give out that the jewel was in his 7,akrura's7 possession 7#d74 7,he said73--,if ,krishna attacks you ,i shall follow you4 ,forsooth the whole of ,dwark is now under my control 7#e74 ,on her father 7,satrjit7 being slain the illustrious ,satyabhm1 stricken with grief1 got on a chariot and repaired to the city of ,barawvata 7#f74 ,she then communicated to her husband what had been perpetrated by ,shatadhanwa of the ,bhoja race4 ,then stricken with grief and standing by his side she began shedding tears 7#g74 ,having performed the watering ceremony of the ,pndavas burnt in the house of lac ,krishna engaged ,satwaki to perform their obsequial rites 7#h74 ,thereupon hurrying on to the city of ,dwark the graceful slayer of ,madhu said to his elder brother ,haladhar 7#i7 ,prasena has been killed by a lion and ,satrjit has been slain by ,shatadhanw4 ,therefore ,i am the master of the jewel ,sywamantaka 7#aj74 ,therefore speedily get on your car1 ,o mighty armed hero4 ,after slaying the highly powerful ,bhoja ,swyamataka will be ours 7#aa74 ,thereupon there arose a terrible encounter between ,krishna and ,shatadhanw ,the latter saw ,akrura on all sides 7#ab74 ,thereupon beholding both ,krishna and ,shatadhanw enraged ,akrura1 though capable1 out of wickedness did not help the son of ,hridika 7#ac74 ,thereat stricken with fear ,shatadhanw took to his heels4 ,with one mare he travelled over a distance of more than a hundred ,yojanas 7#ad74 ,o king1 ,shatadanwa1 of the ,bhoja race1 had a mare that could go over a distance of a hundred ,yojanas1 by name ,vijnthriday4 ,with her he fought with ,krishna 7#ae74 ,having travelled over a distance of a hundred ,yojanas ,shatadhanwa found her motionless and seeing the increased motion of the car he left her off 7#af74 ,thereupon1 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 on account of the exhaustion and misery of that mare all his vital breaths went up to the sky4 ,then ,krishna said to ,rma4 7#ag74 ,wait here1 ,o you of large arms4 ,i have seen the wretched plight of the mare4 ,going on foot ,i shall carry away the jewel ,swyamantaka 7#ah74 ,thereupon1 ,o king1 going on foot1 ,achyuta 7,krishna71 highly skilled in the use of arms1 killed ,shatadhanwa on the way to ,mithila 7#ai74 ,having slain the highly powerful ,bhoja king he did not see ,swyamantaka4 ,and seeing ,krishna return ,balarma said to him ,give me the jewel 7#bj74 ,krishna said3--,i have not got it4 ,thereat ,rama was filled with anger4 ,repeatedly exclaiming ,fie on you1 ,fie on you1 he replied to ,janarddana 7#ba74 ,i forgive you because you are my brother4 ,may you farewell4 ,i go away4 ,i have nothing to do with you or other ,vrishnis of ,dwark 7#bb74 ,thereupon ,rma1 the subduer of enemies1 entered the city of ,mithil4 ,he was then honored with all becoming presents after his heart by the king of ,mithil 7#bc74 ,in the interval the most intelligent ,vabhru began to collect various articles for the performance of sacrifices 7#bd74 ,the highly illustrious son of ,gndini1 on account of the jewel ,swyamantaka1 entered into the initiation-like coat of mail for protecting himself 7#be74 ,he devoted most excellent jewels and various other articles to the performance of sacrifices for sixty thousand years 7#be74 ,that sacrifice1 of the high-souled ,akrura consisting of food and various presents1 was called the ,akrura ,yajna 7#bg74 ,thereupon repairing to the city of ,mithil the king ,duryodhana received from ,balabhadra the most excellent instructions in the use of clubs 7#bh74 ,thereupon propitiating ,balarma all the mighty car warriors of the ,vrishni race and the high-souled ,krishna brought him back to the city of ,dwark 7#bi74 ,then the foremost of men ,akrura1 with ,andhakas1 left ,dwark4 ,slaying the highly powerful ,satrjit in battle with all his friends ,krishna1 in feat of dissension amongst his kinsmen1 neglected him 7,akrura74 ,after the departure of ,akrura ,pkashasana did not pour rain 7#cj-ca74 ,when the whole country was devastated by draught the ,kukuras and ,andhakas began to propitiate ,akrura 7#cb74 ,when the liberal ,akrura returned to ,dwark the thousand-eyed ,indra began to discharge showers on the bank of the ocean 7#cc74 ,o foremost of ,kurus1 in order to please ,krishna the intelligent ,akrura gave him in marriage his sister ,sushil 7#cd74 ,guessing by his riches and liberality that ,swyamantaka was with ,akrura1 ,janarddana said to him in the midst of an assembly ,o lord1 the jewel is in thy possession4 ,do thou give it to me4 ,o giver of honors2 do not cheat me4 ,o sinless one1 the anger1 that possessed me sixty years before1 is now enkindled all on a sudden4 ,a long time has elapsed4 ,give me the ,jewel therefore 7#ce-cg74 ,thereupon at the words of ,krishna the high-minded ,akrura1 without experiencing the least pain1 gave him the jewel in the midst of the assembled ,stwatas 7#ch74 ,receiving from ,akrura the jewel who gave it away with all simplicity1 ,hari1 the repressor of enemies1 returned it to him with a delighted heart 7#ci74 ,obtaining the jewel from ,krishna's hands and placing it on his breast1 ,akrura shone there like the sun 7#dj74 ,the sentence is elliptical and requires a little elucidation4 ,akrura had in view of marrying ,satyabhama4 ,but when he found that she had been given away to ,krishna he was mortified4 ,he was then seeking for an opportunity of getting the jewel ,swyamantaka4 ,this refers to an incident in the ,mahabharata4 ,duryodhana treacherously invited the ,pandavas to a house of lac constructed for that purpose and set fire to it4 ,they1 however1 being informed of it beforehand1 escaped4 ,duryodhana1 however1 thought that they had been consumed and ,krishna1 to keep up an appearance1 was performing the obsequial rites4 ,see ,jatugrihadaha ,parva4 ,the word in the text is ,madhusudana1 a name of ,krishna4 ,he was called so on account of his killing the demon king ,madhu4 ,a name of ,balarama because he always used to carry a plough-share in battle4 ,a measure of distance equal to four ,kroras which at #h1jjj cubits or #d1jjj yards to the ,krora or ,kos will be exactly nine miles2 other computations make the ,yojana but about five miles1 or even no more than four miles and a half4--,wilson4 ,he initiated himself for the performance of sacrifices1 for any one so doing is a proof against all misfortunes4 ,a name of ,indra1 the god of rain4 ,he obtained this appellation after slaying a demon by name ,paka4 ,the word literally means1 the chastiser of ,paka4 ,,chapter ,,xl4 ,a ,,description ,,of ,,vishnu4 ,janamejaya said3--,o ,brahman1 the sages describe in the ,puranas1 the incarnations of ,vishnu of unlimited energy ,we have heard from them that the ,lord incarnated himself as a boar4 ,but we do not know fully his history1 his commands1 his deeds1 his accomplishments1 his objects1 his conduct and prowess when he assumed before 7this form7 7#a-c74 ,we have heard that ,krishna ,dwaipyana described this great boar-incarnation before the twice-born ones when they assembled at a sacrifice 7#d71 ,o ,brahman1 ,i have heard how ,madhusudana1 incarnating himself as a boar1 saved with his tusks1 the earth sunk in the ocean 7#e74 ,o ,brahman1 now ,i wish to hear at length the various deeds performed by the intelligent ,hari the slayer of enemies in his boar and various other incarnations 7#f74 ,you alone are capable of describing in order the various deeds of the lord and his character1 ,o ,brahman 7#g74 ,why did the lord ,vishnu1 the king of the celestials and the slayer of his enemies1 take his birth as ,vsudeva in ,vasudeva's family 7#h78 ,why did ,he1 leaving the land of gods1 abounding with immortals and pious men1 come down on earth 7#i78 ,why did ,he1 who is the king of gods and men and from whom the earth has emanated1 convert his celestial body into a human form 7#aj74 ,why did ,he1 who is alone turning the healthy circle of mankind1 and who is the foremost of the holders of discus1 set his heart upon assuming a human form 7#aa78 ,why did the lord ,vishnu1 who protects all the great men of the world1 come down on earth as a milkman 7#ab78 ,why was ,shrigarbha identical with elements1 who is the cause of the great elements conceived by a woman ranging on earth 7#ac78 ,he1 desired by the celestials1 occupied the three worlds with his three foot-steps and thus laid down on earth the three roads of three ,vargas 7#ad74 ,he1 at the time of the universal dissolution1 drank up the earth and assumed the form of water4 ,he then converted the whole earth into one sheet of water 7#ae74 ,he assumed in the days of yore the form of a boar and saved the earth with his tusks 7#af74 ,having vanquished the ,asuras on behalf of ,puruhuta that foremost of gods conferred upon the celestials the three worlds in the days of yore 7#ag74 ,assuming the form of a man-lion he killed the prime ,daitya the highly energetic ,hiranyakasipu 7#ah74 ,assuming the form of the submarine fire ,samvartaka the lord1 in the days of yore1 drank the watery oblations of the submarine region 7#ai74 ,o ,brahman1 in various thousands of ,yugas that ,lord appeared with a thousand heads1 a thousand eyes and a thousand feet 7#bj74 ,when the whole world was converted into one sheet of water1 when the entire mobile and immobile creations were destroyed there sprang from his navel a lotus on which ,brahm 7,grand-father7 rested 7#ba74 ,in the encounter with ,traka1 he1 assuming a form consisting of all gods and holding all weapons1 slew the demons 7#bb74 ,seated on ,garuda and assuming a huge proportion he killed the great demon ,klanemi and vanquished the great ,asura ,taraka 7#bc74 ,being engaged in eternal ,yoga and resorting to his illusive energy he lay on the northern side of the ocean of milk from which came out ambrosia 7#bd74 ,on account of the consummation of her hard austerities ,aditi conceived that celestial ancient ,purusha who was like the churning rod of the celestials4 ,coming out of her womb as a dwarf he satisfied the desire of ,indra who had been confined by the demons 7#be74 ,placing his feet in all the worlds he placed all the demons in the water4 ,and making the gods playful in heaven he conferred upon ,indra the kingdom of gods 7#bf74 ,he laid down the rules of ,grhapatya and ,anwharya works1 created the various articles of sacrifice such as ,dakshina1 ,diksha1 ,chamasa and ,ulukhula1 created the fire where oblations could be offered1 made the sacrificial altar1 ,kusha1 ,sruva1 ,prokshaniya1 and ,dhruva created the three sorts of ambrosia beneficial to the bath after the celebration of a sacrifice1 made the twice born ones offer ,havya and ,kavya1 and the celestials to partake of the former and the ancestral manes of the latter4 ,after the lines laid down by ,parameshthi 7,brahm7 ,he1 in the days of yore1 by various sacrificial ,mantras1 made divisions of ,yupas1 ,samidhas1 ,srukas1 ,soma1 the sacred ,paridhri1 and of various other sacrificial articles1 of the room for placing sacrificial fire of the members1 of ,yajamnas and a classification of ,medha and other excellent sacrifices4 ,having made various classifications of ,yugas and displaying his prowess before all men he created ,kshana1 ,lava1 ,kshtha1 ,kal1 the present1 past and future1 divisions of time1 ,muhutta1 ,tithi1 months1 fortnights1 years and seasons1 the three divisions of the length of life1 the multiplication of the characteristics and the beauty of the mobile and immobile creations1 the three ,varnas1 the three ,lokas the three ,vedas1 the three fires1 three ,klas1 the threefold actions1 the three ,upys 7means71 and the threefold ,gunas 7#cj-ce74 ,by his endless actions these three worlds had been created by ,him before4 ,he is the creator of all the elements and ,gunas and identical with them all 7#cf74 ,by introducing birth and death amongst mankind he makes them move about in the universe4 ,he sports everywhere in the shape of an animal4 ,he is the lord of the universe 7#cg74 ,he is the refuge of the pious and he 7only7 punishes the wicked4 ,he is the origin of the four ,varnas and the protector of the four ,hotras 7#ch74 ,he is the master of the four-fold knowledge and the preserver of the four ,asramas4 ,he is identical with the various directions1 with the sky1 with the air1 fire and water 7#ci74 ,he is identical with the sun1 the moon and the rays4 ,he is the lord of ,yogins and ,he only brings about the termination of the night4 ,he is identical with the most excellent lustre and tapas of which we hear 7#dj74 ,the sages designate him as the thread that connects all the souls2 and the whole universe is ,his form4 ,the ,vedas and all the works exist in ,nryana 7#da74 ,nryana is the greatest virtue and is the most most excellent condition4 ,truth exists in ,nrayan and ,tapas exists in ,him 7#db7 ,salvation exists in ,nryana and ,nryana is the most excellent refuge4 ,he is the ,aditya and other gods and he is the slayer of demons 7#dc74 ,at the time of the universal dissolution he destroys all4 ,he is the death unto the regent of the dead who destroys all4 ,he is the lord of 7,manu and others7 who have instituted various orders of honour amongst mankind and he is more sacred than 7,ganga and others71 who purify the mankind 7#dd74 ,he is the object of learning unto those who are conversant with the ,vedas2 he is the lord of the self-controlled 7,rishis72 he is more handsome than all handsome objects1 he is like fire unto those who are endued with fire-like effulgence 7#de74 ,he is the mind of men1 the ascetic energy of the ascetics1 the morality of those who are strict moralists1 the energy of the energetic1 the creator of all creations and the most excellent origin of all the worlds 7#df74 ,he is the idol ef those who seek the idols and he is the motion of those who are endued with it4 ,ether is the origin of air and air is the life of fire 7#dg74 ,the vital power of the gods is fire and the life of fire is ,madhusudana4 ,blood is engendered by juice and by blood is created flesh 7#dh74 ,from flesh originates fat and from fat originate the bones and from the bones originate the veins and from veins originates the seminal fluid 7#di74 ,and the seminal fluid is the instrument of conception4 ,by the process of action at the root of which is the juice all this is created4 ,of them the water is the first portion therefore it is called ,soumya4 ,the second ingredient is the fire in the womb 7#ej74 ,thus the seminal fluid1 indential with fire1 is also made of blood4 ,thus the essence of all juice1 the seminal fluid1 is created by an excess of cough and blood is created by an excess of billious matter4 ,the seat of cough is the heart and the seat of bile is the navel4 ,the heart1 which is in the body1 is known as the seat of the mind4 ,the fire exists as hunger behind the cavity of the navel4 ,mind is known as ,prajpati 7,brahm71 the cough as ,soma and the bile as ,agni 7fire-god74 ,thus the whole world is identical with fire 7#ea-ed74 ,when a conception1 as is the formation of a cloud1 takes place1 the air1 accompanied by ,paramtman1 enters there 7#ee74 ,it then creates the various limbs and nourishes them4 ,the vital air1 inside the body1 divides itself into five and gradually assumes proportions 7#ef74 ,the five vital airs are ,prna1 ,apna1 ,samna1 ,udna1 and ,vyna4 ,prna nourishes the most important portion of the body namely1 the heart 7#eg74 ,apna nourishes the lower portion of the body up to the feet4 ,udna nourishes the breast and the upper portion of the body4 ,the vital air1 by which works1 requiring great strength1 are performed1 is called ,vyna4 ,and the vital air1 ,samna which exists all over the body1 remains at the navel and distributes to their proper places whatever is drunk or eaten4 7,after the distribution of the vital airs7 the creatures acquire the knowledge of the earth through their senses 7#eh74 ,earth1 air1 ether1 water and light1 are converted into senses4 ,and then they occupy their respective portions in the body and perform their respective functions4 ,the tongue1 which has the water in it1 draws the juice2 the eye1 which has the light in it1 sees the forms2 the skin1 which has the air in it1 hears sound4 ,the hardest portion of the body is the transformation of the earth4 ,the vital air is the metamorphosis of the air2 all the holes originate from ether2 the liquid portion is but water2 the eye is the form of light and the mind1 which is the energy of the five elements1 is the lord of the senses4 ,it is the mind1 that1 by its energy1 makes the senses perceive their respective objects 7#ei-fa74 ,having thus created the ever-existing worlds why did the ,great ,purusha take his birth as a man in this mortal world 7#fb78 ,this is my doubt1 this is what surprises me4 ,o ,brahman1 why did ,he1 who is the energy of mankind1 take his birth as a man 7#fc78 ,i have heard an account of my own family as well as of those of my ancestors4 ,i wish now to hear in due order of the families of ,vishnu and ,vrishnis 7#fd74 ,that ,vishnu is a great wonder is said by the gods and demons4 ,do you1 ,o great ,muni1 describe to me the wondrous origin of ,vishnu 7#fe74 ,do you describe to me truly the wonderful and delightful account of the highly energetic ,vishnu of well-known deeds and prowess who surprised the whole world by his actions 7#ff74 ,dwaipayana is the surname of ,krishna4 ,the word literally means island-born1 the place of his nativity being a small island in the ,ganges4 ,the ten principal forms which ,vishnu assumed at various periods are called his ,avataras2 they are the fish1 tortoise1 the bear1 the man-lion1 the dwarf1 the two ,ramas1 ,krishna1 ,buddha and ,kalki4 ,another name of ,vishnu from ,shree fortune and garbha womb4 ,the allusion is4 ,bali1 a demon king1 performed many sacrifices for which he was about to attain to the dignity of ,indra4 ,the gods accordingly grew very anxious and prayed to ,vishnu for succour4 ,he1 at their request1 assumed the form of a dwarfish ,brhmana and went to ,bali for alms4 ,after ,bali had promised him that he would give him whatever he would like to have ,vishnu assumed a large proportion with three legs and asked ,bali to give him room for placing his three feet4 ,he placed one in heaven and the other on the earth4 ,there was no room for the third which he placed on ,bali's head4 ,three-fold objects of life1 namely1 ,dharma 7,virtue71 ,artha1 worldly profit1 ,kama1 ,desire4 ,these three roads were laid down by him for mankind4 ,with virtue they can attain to heaven1 worldly profit secures1 for them1 the earth and desire the region underneath it4 i e41 ,he assumed one form of universal intelligence4 ,a name of ,indra from ,puru much ,huta worshipped or invoked4 ,this refers to the celebrated episode of ,pralhada4 ,he was the son of the ,demon king ,hiranyakasipu4 ,he began worshipping ,vishnu who was an enemy of ,hiranykasipu4 ,he prosecuted his son in various ways and afterwards was killed by ,vishnu in his man-lion form4 ,a sacred fire perpetually maintained by a householder1 received from his father and transmitted to his descendants1 and from which fires for sacrificial purposes are lighted4 ,the monthly ,srddha or funeral repast in honour of the manes held on the day of new moon4 ,gifts4 ,initiation4 ,a vessel used at sacrifices for drinking the juice of the acid asclepias2 a kind of ladle or spoon4 ,a wooden mortar used for cleaning rice4 ,a species of grass used in many solemn and religious observances2 hence called sacrificial grass4 ,a ladle with a double extremity or two oval collateral excavations made of wood and used to pour ghee upon the sacrificial fire4 ,an object of immolation4 ,a ,sacrificial vase made in the shape of the ,indian fig-leave1 and of the wood of the ,flacourtia sapida4 ,fit or proper to be offered in oblation4 ,an offering to the gods4 ,an oblation or offering of food to deceased ancestors4 ,hymns recited at the time of the celebration of a religious ceremony4 ,a sacrificial post or pillar usually made of bamboos or the wood of the ,khadira to which the victim at a sacrifice is bound4 ,fuel1 wood1 grass1 c41 so employed for enkindling fire4 ,a ladle or spoon4 ,the juice of a plant of the same name used for drinking purposes4 ,a wooden frame round the hole in which a sacrificial fire is lighted4 ,those who perform sacrifices4 ,a kind of sacrifice4 ,a measure of time equal to thirty ,kalas or four minutes4 ,a minute division of time1 the sixtieth part of the twinkling of an eye4 ,a measure of time the thirtieth part of a ,kala or eighteen twinklings of the eye4 ,a division of time4 ,a division of time1 the thirtieth part of the day and night or an hour of forty-eight minutes4 ,a lunar day1 one-thirtieth of a whole lunation4 ,three castes1 ,brhmanas1 or the priestly caste1 ,kshatriyas1 the military caste and ,vaishyas the mercantile caste4 ,three regions1 heaven1 earth and the region underneath the earth4 ,the three ,vedas are ,rik1 ,yajush and ,saman4 ,three fires are 7#a7 ,dakshingni or a kind of sacred fire that which is taken from the domestic or consecrated fire and is placed to the south 7#b7 ,garhapatya or a perpetual domestic fire 7#c7 ,ahavaniya i4e41 a fire into which oblation is offered4 ,the three ,kalas are the present1 past and future4 ,the three-fold actions are those partaking of the quality of goodness1 darkness1 and ignorance respectively4 ,the three-fold means of attaining salvation are1 the destruction of self1 the acquisition of wealth and hard study4 ,the three-fold qualities are namely1 those of goodness1 darkness and ignorance4 ,four classes of priests4 ,four stages of life namely that of a religious student1 that of a householder1 that of the anchorite1 and that of the beggar4 7,in anatomy7 the blood before it receives the red particles1 the ,serum4 ,the meaning is2 as the cloud increases by the help of smoke1 light1 water and air so the embryo is nourished by food1 fire and water4 ,the air mentioned here refers to the vital power4 ,the soul enters in the shape of the vital power4 ,,chapter ,,xli4 ,,the ,,incarnations ,,of ,,vishnu4 ,vaishampayana said3--,o my child1 the question that you have put regarding ,hari1 the holder of ,sranga bow1 is indeed very great4 ,listen1 ,i shall still describe the glory of ,vishnu as much as lies in my power7#a74 ,fortunately for you that our mind is bent upon listening to ,vishnu's prowess4 ,hear1 ,i shall describe the celestial origin of the lord 7#b74 ,the ,brhmanas1 well read in the ,vedas1 describe him as having a thousand eyes1 thousand faces1 thousand feet1 thousand heads1 thousand hands1 as eternal1 as having thousand tongues1 as effulgent1 as wearing thousand crowns1 as giving away thousands presents1 as having thousand origins and thousand arms 7#c-d72 as sacrifice1 oblation1 ,havya1 ,hot1 the sacred vessels1 the sacrificial altar1 the initiation1 charu1 ,sruva 7#e72 as ,sruk1 ,soma1 ,shurpa1 ,musala1 ,prakshanam1 ,dakshinyanam1 ,adveryu1 ,smaga ,brhmana1 as ,sadasya1 ,sadanam ,sadas 7#f72 as ,yupa1 ,samid1 ,kusha1 ,darvi1 ,chamasa1 ,ulukhala1 ,prgvangsham1 sacrifice1 sacrificial ground1 priest and ,chayana 7#g72 as the small and big chariots1 as the mobile creation1 as the penance1 as the good fruit thereof1 as ,sthandila and ,kush 7#h72 as ,mantra1 as fire that carries sacrificial offering1 as ,bhga1 ,bhagavaha1 ,agrebhuj1 ,somabhuj1 ,ghritarchi1 ,udaniya 7#i72 and in the sacrifice as the eternal ,lord4 ,that intelligent ,lord of gods1 ,vishnu1 having the mystic mark of ,srivtsa on his breast1 incarnated himself in thousands of forms4 ,and thousands of his incarnations shall take place in future1 ,brahm has said this 7#aj-aa74 ,o great king1 ,i shall describe at length1 as accosted by you1 the sacred and celestial theme1 why the ,divine lord ,vishnu1 the king of gods and the slayer of his enemies1 took his birth leaving the celestial region1 in the race of ,vasudeva4 ,for encompassing the well-being of the gods and men and the prosperity of all the worlds1 the ,soul of all1 for a great work of his own1 went through various incarnations 7#ab-ad74 ,i shall describe the sacred and celestial incarnations of the ,lord fraught with many virtues that have been recorded in metres and great ,srutis 7#ae74 ,purifying yourself and controlling your speech1 listen to them1 ,o ,janamejaya4 ,this highly sacred ,purna is equal to the ,vedas 7#af74 ,hear1 ,i shall describe this celestial story of ,vishnu4 ,o ,bharata1 whenever virtue suffers deterioration the ,lord1 for establishing it1 incarnates ,himself 7#ag74 ,o great king1 he had one form partaking of the quality of goodness4 ,in this form ,he is constantly practising hard austerities in ,heaven 7#ah74 ,his second form is possessed by yoga sleep for bringing about the destruction of creatures2 and from this sleep originate persons of misconceived spiritual culture 7#ai74 ,having slept for a thousand yugas ,he again appears for work4 ,and after the completion of a thousand yugas1 the god of gods1 the lord of the universe1 ,vishnu1 the ,grandfather ,brahm1 the ,regents of all the worlds1 the moon1 the sun1 the fire1 ,brahma1 ,kapila1 ,paramesthi1 the gods1 the seven ,rishis1 the highly illustrious1 three-eyed god ,siva1 the air1 the oceans and the mountains exist in ,his form 7#bj-bb74 ,the great ,sanatkumar and the high-souled ,manu1 the father of creation 7also exist in ,his form74 ,that ancient ,lord1 effulgent like the fire1 has created all the forms 7#bc74 ,after the destruction of all creatures mobile and immobile1 after the destruction of the gods and demons1 serpents and ,rakshasas that highly powerful ,purusha killed the two irrepressible ,dnavas1 ,madhu and ,kaitava in the midst of the ocean and conferred upon them the boon of final liberation 7#bd-be74 ,while in the days of yore the lotus-navelled ,lord lay in the water of the ocean there sprang from ,his navel the gods and the ,rishis 7#bf74 ,this is the ,lotus incarnation of the ,lord as recorded in the ,vedas and ,srutis 7#bg74 ,next the ,boar incarnation of the ,lord is recorded in ,srutis1 where ,vishnu1 the foremost of the celestials1 assumed the form of a boar and raised up the earth with her forests and mountains1 with ,his tusks sunk in the all-spreading ocean4 ,the 7four7 ,vedas were his feet1 the sacrificial altar was his tusk1 the sacrifices were his teeth1 the funeral pile was his mouth1 the fire was his tongue1 and the ,darbhas were the hairs of his body4 ,the great ascetic ,brahm was his head1 the days and nights were the eyes of that eldest ,purusha1 the various divisions of the ,vedas were the ornaments of his ears1 the progenitors were his nose1 the chanting of the ,sama ,veda was his great voice4 ,he was identical with virtue and truth4 ,penance was his nostril2 dreadful beasts were his nails and he had long arms4 ,the air was his soul1 the mantra was his hip1 the sanctified ,soma juice was his blood1 the sacrificial altars were his shoulders4 ,havi was his smell1 ,havy and ,kavya were his energies1 ,nagvangsha was his body4 ,he was effulgent and sanctified by various forms of initiation4 ,dakshin or gift was his heart4 ,he was ascetic and great and the recitation of the ,vedic hymns was the ornament of his lips4 ,the great heroes1 who stand in the way of virtue1 were his ornaments4 ,the various metres were his motion4 ,the sacred ,upanishad was his seat4 ,the image of his wife was his help and he was tall like the summit of the mount ,meru4 ,this thousand-headed ,prime ,deity re-established the earth 7#bh-cg74 ,thus in the days of yore for encompassing the well-being of creatures the ,lord1 assuming the shape of a sacrificial boar1 raised up the earth from the water of the ocean 7#ch74 ,this is an account of the boar incarnation4 ,listen now to an account of ,his man-lion incarnation where assuming the form of a lion he killed ,hiranyakashipu4 ,o king1 in the days of yore in the golden age1 the first of the ,daityas born1 ,hiranyakesipu1 an enemy of the gods1 practised most excellent penances 7#dj74 ,observing the vow of silence and steadfastly carrying it on he alone1 placed in the midst of water1 spent eleven thousand and five hundred years 7#da74 ,o sinless one1 thereupon ,brahm was pleased with his self-control1 equanimity of mind1 asceticism and observance of rules and the vow of celibacy 7#db74 ,o great king then the lord of all1 the divine self-sprung ,brahm1 the foremost of all1 having the knowledge of ,brahman1 himself1 in his effulgent and sun like car drawn by swans1 came to him encircled by all the ,adityas1 ,vasus1 ,sdhyas1 ,maruds1 gods1 ,rudras1 ,viswas1 ,yakshas1 ,rakshas1 ,kinnaras1 rivers1 oceans1 stars1 ,muhurthas1 creatures ranging in the sky1 planets1 celestial saints1 old ascetic ,siddhas1 the seven ,rishis1 the great royal saints and ,apsaras4 ,he then said to the ,daitya3--,o you of firm vows1 you are a disciple of mine4 ,i have been pleased with your asceticism4 ,pray for a boon2 may you fare well and acquire your wished-for objects 7#dc-dh74 ,hiranyakasipu said2--,o grand-father1 ,i pray for this boon1 that the gods1 ,asuras1 ,gandharvas1 ,yakshas1 ,ngas1 ,rakshasas1 men and goblins may not by any means kill me and that the ,rishis1 when enraged1 may not imprecate a curse on me1 and that the weapons1 mountains1 trees1 dry or wet articles or any other things may not bring about my destruction4 ,let him alone be my destroyer who will be able1 with his servants and army1 to kill me only with the strokes of his arms4 ,i1 myself1 shall be the moon1 the sun1 the air1 the fire1 air1 ether1 the stars1 the ten quarters1 desire1 anger1 ,varuna1 ,vsava1 ,yama1 the lord of riches and ,yaksha1 the king of ,kimpurushas 7#di-ed74 ,thus addressed by the king of ,daityas1 ,o emperor1 the self-sprung ,deity smilingly said2--,o my child1 ,i confer upon you these most wonderful and celestial boons4 ,undoubtedly you will attain to all your desired-for objects 7#ee-ef74 ,having said this the divine grand-father repaired1 by the etherial region1 to his habitation ,vairaja resorted to by the ,brhmana saints4 ,hearing that the water-sprung deity1 the foremost of the celestials1 had conferred this celestial boon on ,daitya-king ,hiranyakasipu1 the gods1 headed by ,indra1 communicated it to the ,creator4 ,hearing of this conferring of the boons the ,devas1 the ,ngas1 the ,gandharvas and the ,munis appeared before the grand-father 7#eg-ef74 ,the ,gods said--,o lord1 by this boon the ,asura will oppress us4 ,be thou propitiated and concert a measure for his destruction 7#fj74 ,hearing those words beneficial unto all the lord ,prajapati1 the omniscient1 self-sprung ,deity1 the invisible and immortal creator of ,havy1 ,kavya and all other creatures said to the gods 7#fa-fb74 ,forsooth he must attain to the fruits of his asceticism4 ,after he enjoys them the lord ,vishnu will kill him4 ,hearing these words from the lotus-sprung ,deity all the gods1 filled with delight1 repaired to their respective celestial habitations 7#fc-fd74 ,as soon as he obtained the boon the ,daitya ,hiranyakasipu1 elated with the pride thereof1 began oppressing all the creatures 7#fe74 ,he first of all carried his work of oppression on the great1 truthful and self-controlled ,munis of firm vows living in the hermitages 7#ff74 ,having vanquished all the gods of the three worlds and having brought them all under subjection the ,daitya ,hiranyakasipu lived in the celestial region 7#fg74 ,as long as he1 elated with pride1 lived in the celestial region the gods could not partake of the sacrificial offerings and the ,daityas were entitled thereto 7#fh74 ,thereupon the ,adityas1 ,viswas and ,vasus sought refuge with the highly powerful ,nryana ,vishnu1 the lord of protection1 who is ,brahman identical with the gods and sacrifices1 who is the presiding god of the ,brhmanas1 who is eternal1 the present and past and future and who is omniscient and adored of all the worlds 7#fi-gj74 ,the ,gods said3--,o4 king of gods1 ,o foremost of the celestials1 do thou save us from the fear of ,hiranyakasipu4 ,thou art the ,supreme ,lord of us all and of ,brahm and others4 ,thou art our ,great ,god and ,great ,preceptor4 ,o thou having eyes like the full-blown lotuses1 ,o thou the destroyer of enemies1 do thou become our help for bringing about the destruction of the demons 7#ga-gb74 ,vishnu said3--,o ye immortals1 do ye renounce your fear4 ,i promise you safety4 ,o gods1 you will1 in no time1 acquire as before the celestial region4 ,i will slay this king of ,dnavas1 elated with pride1 who is unslayable even by the immortals 7#gc-gd74 ,vaishampyana said3--,having said this and left the company of the king of gods and others the ,lord ,hari assumed the form of a half-lion and a half-man4 ,having pressed his one palm against another ,hari1 in his man-lion form1 repaired to the court of ,hiranyakasipu 7#ge-gf74 ,his colour was like that of clouds and his voice was like the muttering thereof4 ,he also became effulgent and fleet like a cloud 7#gg74 ,he1 with his own hand1 killed the highly powerful and proud ,daitya1 gifted with the prowess of a tiger and protected by the mighty ,daityas 7#gh74 ,this is the man-lion incarnation4 ,next is that of a dwarf4 ,assuming this form destructive of the ,daityas in the days of yore the powerful ,vishnu1 with his three foot steps1 assailed the ,asuras in the sacrifice of ,bali 7#gi-hj74 ,viprachitti1 ,shivi1 ,sangkaraya1 ,shangku1 ,ayashirs1 the powerful ,hayagriva1 the fierce ,ketumn1 ,ugra1 ,sogra1 ,vyagra1 ,mahsura1 ,pushkara1 ,pushkala1 ,sayoshya1 ,aswapati1 ,pralhda1 ,aswasir1 ,kumbha1 ,sanghrda1 ,gaganapriya1 ,amihrda1 ,hari1 ,hara1 ,varha1 ,sankara1 ,ruja1 ,sharabha1 ,salabha1 ,kupana1 ,kopana1 ,kratha1 ,vrihatkirti1 ,mahgihva1 ,sankukarna1 ,mahswana1 ,dirghajlbha1 ,arkanayana1 ,mriduchpa1 ,mriduprya1 ,vyu1 ,garishtha1 ,namuchi1 ,saruvara1 ,vijvara ,mahn1 ,chakrahanta1 ,krodhahant1 ,krodhavardhana1 ,klaka1 ,klakeya1 ,vritta1 ,krodha1 ,virochana1 ,garishtha1 ,varistha1 ,pralamva1 ,naraka1 ,indratpana1 ,vtpi1 ,valadarpita1 ,ketumn1 ,asiloma1 ,pulom1 ,vshkala1 ,pramada1 ,mada1 ,vaishika1 ,klavadana1 ,krala1 ,koushika1 ,shara1 ,ekksha1 ,chadrah1 ,rahu1 ,sanhrshwa1 ,mahiswan1 ,shataghni1 ,chakrahasta1 ,parighapni1 demons with ,ashma and ,vindipla weapons in their hands1 with those maces and mortars in their hands1 those with ,parashwa weapon1 maces1 clubs spikes and various other weapons in their hands1 those assuming various dreadful forms1 those assuming the forms of tortoise and fowl1 the faces of hares1 asses1 camels1 boars1 dreadful ,makaras1 jackals1 mice1 frogs leopards1 cats1 elephants1 crocodiles1 lambs1 hogs1 kine1 buffaloes1 ,godhas1 deer1 ,garuda1 those having faces like swords and peacocks1 those having armours made of the skin of elephants1 some wearing antelope skin1 some covering their bodies with barks1 some wearing head-dresses1 some wearing crowns1 some wearing ,asura ear-rings1 some wearing ,kiritins1 some with long tufts of hair1 some with conch-like necks--thus a numberless ,daityas1 wearing various dresses1 adorned with diverse garlands and taking up their burning weapons1 surrounded on all sides the powerful ,hrishikesha 7#ha-ih74 ,assuming a highly dreadful form and grinding them all with his hands and feet the ,lord immediately freed the earth of the demons 7#ii74 ,when he placed his foot-step on the earth1 the sun1 and the moon remained on his breast1 and when he placed his foot-step in the sky they lay in his navel 7#ajj74 ,and when he placed his foot-step on a better place 7than all these7 they lay on the knees of the highly powerful ,vishnu4 ,this has been related by the twice-born ones 7#aja74 ,having thus slain all the leading ,asuras the ,lord ,vishnu1 the foremost of all the gods1 saved the earth and conferred the celestial kingdom on the king of gods 7#ajb74 ,thus have ,i described the dwarf incarnation of the ,great ,vishnu4 ,the ,brhmanas1 well-read in the ,vedas1 describe it as the glorious conduct of ,vishnu 7#ajc74 ,the ,great ,vishnu1 the soul of all1 next incarnated himself as the highly forgiving ,datttreya4 ,when the gods disappeared1 the religious works1 sacrifices and the four castes suffered deterioration1 when truth was lost and untruth flourished1 when all the creatures were about to perish1 when virtue was on the verge of extinction the ,lord re-established the four ,vedas with sacrifices as well as the four castes 7#ajd-ajg74 ,the boon-giving1 intelligent ,datttreya conferred a boon on the ,haihaya king ,krtavirya1 saying3-,o king1 these your two arms1 by the power of my boon1 shall be thousand-fold4 ,o lord of the earth1 you will rule over the entire earth and be conversant with virtue4 ,your enemies shall not be able to look at you 7#ajh-aaj74 ,o slayer of enemies1 ,o emperor1 as heard by me1 ,i have described to you the most wonderful and auspicious incarnation of ,vishnu4 ,the ,great ,lord next incarnated himself as ,jmadagni 7#aaa74 ,in this incarnation ,rma killed in battle ,arjuna in the midst of his irrepressible army who were filled with wonder at his thousand arms 7#aab74 ,having brought the king ,arjuna on earth from his car and assailed that king roaring like clouds with all his kinsmen1 ,bhrigu's son ,rma chopped off his thousand arms with his sword 7#aac-aad74 ,the earth1 adorned with the mountains ,meru and ,mandara1 contained ,kotis of ,kshatryas4 ,he divested the earth of the ,kshatryas for twenty one times 7#aae74 ,having divested the earth of the ,kshatriyas the great ascetic son of ,bhrigu undertook the celebration of a horse-sacrifice for the expiation of all his sins 7#aaf74 ,in that sacrifice consisting of profuse gifts ,bhrigu's son1 with great delight1 made a gift of the earth to ,marichi's son ,kashyapa 7#aag74 ,in that horse sacrifice the highly liberal and illustrious ,rma1 the foremost of car-warriors1 made presents of quick-coursing horses1 cars1 endless gold1 kine and elephants 7#aah74 ,even now practising hard austerities1 ,bhrigu's son1 effulgent like a celestial1 is living on the most excellent mountain ,mahendra 7#aai74 ,this is the account of the ,jmadagni incarnation of the great and intelligent ,vishnu1 the foremost of gods1 bearing the mystic mark of ,srivatsa on his breast 7#abj74 ,in the twenty fourth ,yuga1 sending ,viswmitra before him and dividing himself into four parts the mighty-armed ,lord ,isvara became celebrated in the world as the king ,dasaratha's son ,rma4 ,he had eyes like lotuses and was effulgent like the sun 7#aba-abb74 ,for extending his favour to the world1 for destroying the ,rkshasas and increasing virtue the highly illustrious ,lord was thus born 7#abc74 ,the sages designate that king of men as the body of the masters of ,bhutas4 ,viswamitra instructed that intelligent one in the use of various weapons for the destruction of the enemies of the gods who were irrepressible even unto them and who put obstacles in the sacrifices of the self-controlled ascetics4 ,on their behalf that high-souled 7prince7 the foremost of the strong killed the two ,rakshasas 7,mrichi and ,suvhu7 7#abd-abf74 ,formerly in the sacrifice of the high-souled ,janaka1 he1 easily out of sport1 snapped the bow of ,hara 7#abg74 ,living in the forest for fourteen years in the company of ,lakshmana ,rghava1 ever engaged in the well-being of all creatures and conversant with all the forms of religion1 carried on austerities for fourteen years 7#abh74 ,the beautiful ,sit1 well-known in the world used to remain by his side always4 ,she was the ,lakshmi known before and followed her husband 7#abi74 ,living in ,janasthna he accomplished the work of the gods4 ,rghava practised these hard penances for fourteen years4 ,lakshmana followed the foot-steps of ,sita and remained there as his servant 7#acj74 ,there were two ,rkshasas1 ,virdha and ,kavandha of dreadful prowess4 ,they became so by the imprecation of a ,gandharva4 ,discharging at them burning arrows effulgent like the fire1 the rays of the sun or lightning1 strong as the thunder-bolt of ,indra1 and the feathers whereof were made of gold ,rma killed them both 7#aca-acb74 ,on behalf of ,sugriva the highly-powerful ,rma killed ,bali in battle and installed ,sugriva on the throne 7#acc74 ,the gods1 the ,asuras1 the ,rakshasas and the ,pisacas were not capable of slaying ,rvana4 ,he was difficult of being vanquished by any in the battle-field4 ,rvana1 having the hue of a collection of red collyrium1 had millions of ,rkshasas as his guards4 ,the three worlds were terrorized by him4 ,he was invincible1 irrepressible1 proud and powerful like a tiger4 ,even the celestials could not look at him and he was elated with pride on account of the boon4 ,he1 assisted by his ministers1 killed in battle this highly powerful and huge bodied ,rvana1 the king of ,rakshasas1 resembling a massive cloud1 along with his army 7#acd-acg74 ,in the days of yore1 ,rma killed ,rvana the son of ,pulastya1 with his brothers1 sons1 ministers and army1 who was a confirmed villain1 committed a great iniquity and was invincible in battle4 ,madhu's son the great ,asura ,lavana1 a heroic ,dnava1 who was elated with pride on account of the boon 7conferred on him71 was killed in battle in the forest of ,madhu1 by ,rma1 who was an expert in battle4 ,other ,rkshasas were also slain by him 7#ach-adj74 ,having performed these feats ,rma1 the foremost of the pious1 collected continually materials for the celebration of ten horse sacrifices 7#ada74 ,during ,rma's regeme1 not a single inauspicious sound was heard1 hostile winds did not blow and no body lost his property 7#adb74 ,no widows bewailed1 nobody met with misfortune and the whole world enjoyed peace during ,rma's rule 7#adc74 ,creatures had no fear from the obstruction of water and air and the aged people had not to perform the obsequial rites of the boys 7#add74 ,the ,kshatriyas used to serve the ,brhmanas1 the ,vaisyas used to follow the ,kshatriyas1 and the ,sudras1 divested of pride1 used to serve the three superior castes4 ,the women never disregarded their husbands1 and the husbands never ill-treated their wives4 ,the whole world was in peace1 and freed from robbers4 ,rma alone was the lord and protector of all 7#ade-adf74 ,during ,rma's rule people lived for a thousand years and had a thousand sons and no creature suffered from any disease 7#adg74 ,during ,rama's rule1 the gods1 the ,rishis and men assembled together in the world 7#adh74 ,persons1 well-read in the ,puranas who consider ,rma as the source of all truths1 have sung this hymn in honor of that intelligent one 7#adi74 ,ratha1 the king of ,ayodhy1 had a green hue1 black eyes1 nectarine speech1 a shining face1 arms extending up to the knees1 a beautiful countenance and leonine shoulders4 ,he ruled for eleven thousand years4 ,in the kingdom of that high-souled king were continually heard the chanting of the ,rig1 ,yajush and ,sama ,vedas1 the twang of bows and the utterances make gifts and eat 7#aej-aeb74 ,the energetic and accomplished son of ,dasaratha1 ,rma1 shining in his own effulgence1 surpassed even the sun in his lustre 7#aec74 ,having celebrated hundreds of holy sacrifices with perfect and most excellent gifts the highly powerful ,raghava left ,ayodhya and repaired to the celestial region 7#aed74 ,having thus brought about the destruction of ,rvana with all his kinsmen1 the omniscient and mighty-armed ,rma1 the descendant of ,ikshku1 returned to the region of the celestials 7#aee74 ,vaishampyana said2--,in the ,mthura ,kalpa the high-souled ,keshava1 for the behoof of mankind1 went through this incarnation which ,i have been1 at present1 describing 7#aef74 ,in this incarnation the powerful lord slew ,salwa1 ,mainda1 ,dwivida1 ,kansa1 ,aristha1 ,vrishabha1 ,keshi1 the demoness ,putan1 the elephant ,kuvalayapida1 ,chnura1 ,musthi and other demons in human forms 7#aeg-aeh74 ,by ,him of wonderful deeds the thousand arms of ,vna were chopped off4 ,the ,asura1 ,naraka and highly powerful ,yavana were slain by him1 in battle 7#aei74 ,he carried away by force all the jewels of the kings4 ,and all the wicked kings of the earth were slain1 by him 7#afj74 ,after the expiration of the ninth incarnation of the ,dwapara ,yuga included within the eighteenth ,mahyuga1 the lord ,vishnu1 having sent beforehand ,jtukarna1 took his birth as ,veda-,vyasa 7#afa74 ,the one ,veda was divided into four by that high-souled one4 ,this ,vyasa1 the son of ,satyavati1 procreated the race of ,bharatas 7#afb74 ,o king these incarnations1 of the ,lord1 undertaken for the behoof of mankind1 have been described4 ,i shall now present an account of the future incarnations 7#afc74 ,the ,lord again1 for the well-being of mankind1 will appear as ,kalki in the house of a ,brhmana by name ,vishnuyashas in the village of ,sambhala 7#afd74 ,after the expiration of the tenth incarnation ,he will send ,yajnavalka before ,him and then engage in a discussion with the followers of ,buddhism1 who believe in the transcient science1 who always praise the present and speak ill of the sacrifices4 ,after defeating them he will disappear at the confluence of the ,ganges and ,yamuna with his followers4 ,when all the families will be ruined1 when all the kings1 with their ministers and soldiers will be destroyed there will be none to look after the people4 ,when they will all be killed by internal dessensions and when their riches will be pilfered by one another1 they will begin to weep1 being stricken with grief4 ,thus assailed by misfortune at the end of the ,kaliyuga all the creatures will meet with destruction along with the ,yuga itself 7#afe-afh74 ,after the termination of the ,kali ,yuga the ,satya ,yuga will again appear in due order4 ,this is the outcome of the natural sequence and there can no perversion of it 7#afi74 ,these and various other celestial incarnations1 consisting of gods1 have been recorded in the ,puranas by the ,rishis conversant with the knowledge of ,brahman 7#agj74 ,i have only given an outline of the incarnations of the ,lord the preceptor of all the worlds1 by the chanting of which even the gods are charmed and in which exist all the ,srutis and ,puranas 7#aga-agb74 ,the ancestral manes of the person are delighted who1 with folded palms1 listens to or recites the incarnations of ,vishnu of unlimited power4 ,if a man listens to the illusive sports of this ,lord of ,yoga he is freed from all his sins and acquires1 by the favour of the ,lord1 virtue1 prosperity1 ascetic wealth and various objects of enjoyment 7#agc-agd74 ,a food for gods4 ,a priest4 ,a kind of food4 ,a winnowing basket4 ,a wooden pestle used for cleaning rice4 ,offering of oblation4 ,members of a sacrifice4 ,a house for the assembly of priests4 ,a ladle or spoon4 ,the room opposite to that which contains the materials for an oblation and in which the family and friends of the sacrificer assemble4 ,a level square piece of ground made of bricks prepared for a sacrifice4 ,the same as the previous footnote ,a portion of fire4 ,gayatri and other metrical verses4 ,fire ,a name of fire4 ,a name of fire4 ,a name of fire4 ,other words have been explained in previous notes4 ,this refers to ,his ,rajasik form or the form partaking of the quality of darkness4 ,by the word world the author evidently means the whole of ,rama's dominion which extended over the entire northern and southern ,india and even the far-off ,ceylon4 ,it is frequently seen in ,sanskrit works that the word world is generally put for whole of ,india4 ,the ,vedas are the earliest work on our theology4 ,according to the tradition they were coeval with creation which had itself taken place according to the laws of a pre-existing ,veda4 ,they were however scattered2 some legends state they were lost2 and it was not till after many years that a ,rishi or sage arranged them and gave them the form in which they are known4 ,these are ,rik1 ,yajush1 ,saman and ,atharvan4 ,the ,rig-,veda1 from the radical rich to laud1 is intended to be read on occasions when encomiastic prayers and hymns to the elemental deities are prescribed1 by the law2 the ,yajush relates chiefly to oblations and sacrifices and contains prayers adapted for certain rites to be performed at the full and change of the moon and hymns and directions character to be recited with melody2 and the ,atharva ,veda1 which is considered to be of a late date1 consists of various hymns and incantations1 the greater part of which are intended for the destruction and perdition of enemies4 ,this arrangement procured to the editor the name of ,vyasa or arranger4 ,satyavati was the daughter of a ,apsara in the form of a fish4 ,she passed into the hands of a fisherman4 ,a ,rishi1 ,parasara by name1 grew amorous on seeing her4 ,he knew her and in time she gave birth to a son on an island in the ,yamuna4 ,this son is ,vyasa4 ,see ,mahabharata1 ,adi ,parva chapter ,,lxiii4 ,,chapter ,,xlii4 ,,vishnu',s ,,appearance4 ,vaishampayana said2--,listen1 ,o king1 duly to the dignity of ,vishnu as ,viswa 7the lord of protection7 to that of ,hari in the ,satya ,yuga1 to that of ,vaikunta amongst the gods1 to that of ,krishna amongst men1 to that of ,iswara1 and to the motive of his various actions past and future 7#a-b74 ,although invisible the lord assumed forms 7at various periods74 ,naryana is the cause of all creations and is eternal 7#c74 ,this ,nryana assumed the form of ,hari in the ,krita ,yuga4 ,brahm1 ,indra1 the moon1 ,dharma1 ,sukra and ,vrihaspati are all the forms of ,nryana 7#d74 ,yadu's son ,vishnu became the son of ,aditi and passed by the name of king ,indrvaraja 7#e74 ,for encompassing the destruction of the ,daityas1 ,dnavas and ,rkshasas1 the enemies of the celestials1 ,nryana1 out of favour1 became the son of ,aditi 7#f74 ,this ,supreme ,soul created ,brahm in the days of yore4 ,and that ,prime ,purusha1 in the first ,kalpa1 created all the ,prajpatis 7#g74 ,they1 assuming various forms1 became the founders of many most excellent ,brhmana families4 ,from these high-souled ones emanated1 the eternal ,veda consisting of various branches 7#h74 ,i have thus recounted the names of the wonderful ,vishnu4 ,now hear from me the subject that is worthy of being recounted 7#i74 ,after the ,asura ,vitra had been slain and even when ,satya ,yuga was not over there took1 place the world-renowned war with ,traka 7#aj74 ,being elated with success in war and assisted by the ,gandharvas1 ,yakshas1 ,uragas1 and ,rkshasas the dreadful ,dnavas engaged in an onslaught of the gods1 7#aa74 ,when all the weapons were destroyed in battle1 they were about to be killed by the ,dnavas4 ,accordingly being baffled they sought refuge with the omniscient1 ,lord ,nryana1 the ,god of protection 7#ab74 ,in the meantime were heard the dreadful mutterings of clouds pouring1 showers of embers that covered the sky with1 the-sun1 moon and planets and that were accompanied by lightnings4 ,and seven kinds of wind were driven against one another 7#ac-ad74 ,assailed by boiling water currents1 the fall of lightnings and the winds1 endued with the velocity of lightnings1 and as if being consumed by them the earth began to emit terrible sounds4 ,thousands of fire-brands fell down from the sky4 ,cars began to fall down and go up4 ,beholding those portends the people were stricken with fear as they become at the termination of the four ,yugas 7#ae-ag74 ,the whole world was enveloped with darkness and nothing was visible4 ,the ten cardinal points1 being covered with darkness1 did not became visible 7#ah74 ,it appeared as if the incarnate form of the night of the dark half of the month was veiled by the cloud of dissolution4 ,the sun being overclouded the whole sky was enveloped with darkness 7#ai74 ,dispersing these clouds together with darkness the ,divine black-hued ,hari displayed his celestial form 7#bj74 ,his body was dark-hued like a cloud and his hairs were black like collyrium4 ,in his dark form ,krishna appeared like a dark mountain 7#ba74 ,he put on a burning yellow raiment and was bedecked with gold4 ,it appeared as if a body1 enveloped with the darkness of smoke1 arose like the fire of dissolution 7#bb74 ,his shoulders had grown eightfold1 his heads were covered with head-gears and his fists were adorned with golden weapons 7#bc74 ,his hand was delighted with a sword by name ,nandaka which was immoveable like a mountain stricken with the rays of the sun and the moon and which was tied to a waist-cloth of the hue of ,menas stone4 ,the arrows were like the serpents 7#bd74 ,he held mace1 thunderbolt1 a ploughshare1 a conch1 a discus and a club in his hands4 ,vishnu was like a mountain of which the base was forgiveness and the tree was ,sree4 ,he held the ,sranga bow in his hand4 ,he was seated on a car to which were yoked yellow-hued horses1 on which were hoisted flags having the emblem of ,garuda painted on them1 which had the effulgence of the moon1 had beautiful wheels1 of which ,mandara mountain was the axle1 and the serpent ,ananta was the rein4 ,it had ,meru and ,kuvera on it1 was filled with stars and planets and adorned with variegated flowers4 ,that lord of gods1 who always gives protection1 was seen seated in the sky on an effulgent celestial car by the gods defeated by the ,daityas at a time when they were stricken with fear 7#be-bh74 ,all the gods1 headed by ,indra1 at first sent up a shout of exclamation and then sought refuge with the lord to whom all resort for shelter 7#bi74 ,hearing this loud exclamation the kind ,deity ,vishnu made up his mind for destroying the gods in that great encounter 7#cj74 ,stationed in the pure sky1 ,vishnu1 that foremost of gods1 promised to the celestials1 saying1 ,o ye ,maruts1 may you fare well1 do not fear4 ,be at ease4 ,i have defeated the ,dnavas4 ,do ye take back the three worlds4 ,thus welcomed by the words of the truthful ,hari the gods attained to that supreme delight which they enjoyed when they obtained ambrosia out of the ocean 7#ca-cc74 ,thereupon the darkness was removed and the cranes emitted cries4 ,auspicious winds blew and the ten directions were cleared up4 ,shinning stars began to circumambulate the moon1 and other luminous bodies began to move round the sun4 ,the planets did not oppose one another and all the rivers grew delightful4 ,etherial and celestial roads appeared beautiful 7#cd-cf74 ,the rivers began to flow quietly and the oceans did not suffer any agitation4 ,the internal organs of men worked well 7#cg74 ,the great saints were shorn of grief and began to chant the ,vedic hymns4 ,hearing the promise of the ,lord that he would slay all the enemies in battle the fire began to eat sweet and nourishing oblations4 ,sacrifices were duly undertaken and the minds of men were delighted 7#ch-cf74 ,the ,hindus have received their religion through revelation1 the ,vedas4 ,they hold that the ,vedas are without beginning and end4 ,it may sound ludicrous how a book can be1 without beginning or end4 ,but by the ,vedas no books are meant4 ,they mean the accumulated treasury of spiritual laws discovered by different persons in different times4 ,just as the law of gravitation existed before its discovery land would exist if all humanity forgot it1 so with the laws that govern the spiritual world4 ,the moral1 ethical and spiritual relation between souls and souls and between individual spirits and the ,father all spirits were there before their discovery and would remain even if we forget them4 ,the discoverers of these laws are called ,rishis and they are honored by the ,hindus4 ,,chapter ,,xliii4 ,,the ,,preparation ,,of ,,the ,,danavas ,,for ,,the ,,battle4 ,vaishampayana said3--,o sinless one1 thereupon1 hearing of the fear from ,vishnu1 the ,daityas and ,dnavas1 irrepressible in battle1 began to make preparations for war on a great scale 7#a74 ,being desirous of a battle the ,dnava ,maya ascended a golden car as the sun rises over the mount ,meru4 ,it had four strong wheels twelve hundred cubits in circumference1 could go anywhere1 contained many huge weapons1 was filled with the tinkling of small bells1 was matted with leopard skins1 adorned with jewels and gold1 artificial figures of animals and various collections of birds1 contained many celestial weapons and quivers1 had the sound like the muttering of clouds1 had beautiful axles1 was the best of the most excellent cars1 was filled with beautiful nests1 and mountain-like clubs4 ,it was huge like the very ocean itself1 and its joints were adorned with golden ,keyuras and bracelets4 ,its poles were made of gold and it was adorned with huge pennons and flags4 ,it looked like the mount ,mandra when the sun rises over it1 like the prince of elephants and the ocean4 ,it contained thousands of bears and the sound of its wheels was like the roaring of the ocean4 ,it was effulgent1 could course in the sky and strike the cars of the enemies4 ,the ,dnava ,tra got upon a most excellent iron car4 ,it was two miles in dimension1 was huge like a collection of mountains1 was black like red collyrium and was made of strong and well seasoned iron4 ,it had eight wheels1 axles and poles and was dark like an ember4 ,its sound was like the roaring of an ocean and its windows were covered with iron nets4 ,it contained iron ,parighas1 ,kshepanyas1 clubs1 ,prsas1 maces1 various other wooden weapons1 ,tomaras and ,parashwadas4 ,it was a dread to the enemies and was drawn by a thousand of mules huge like the mount ,mandara4 ,on its flag there was an emblem of a crow 7#b-ab74 ,being highly enraged and taking up a club ,virochana stood before the army like a mountain with shining summits 7#ac74 ,the ,dnava ,hayagriva1 the repressor of the hostile armies1 began to drive a car drawn by a thousand steeds 7#ad74 ,stretching his huge bow1 many thousand cubits in dimension1 the ,dnava ,vraha stood before the army like a fig tree covered with its branches 7#ae71 ,shedding tears of anger out of haughtiness and with his lips and teeth trembling the ,dnava ,khara stood for the battle 7#af74 ,ascending a car drawn by twelve horses and surrounded by ,dnava ,vyuhas the energetic ,aristha began to move about in the battle-field 7#ag74 ,adorned with golden ear-rings1 ,viprachitti's son ,swet stood before the battle-field like a white mountain 7#ah74 ,armed with most excellent weapons made of stone and being tired thereby ,bati's son ,aristha stood there for battle like a mountain 7#ai74 ,a ,dnava1 by name ,kishora1 resembling a young charger in pride1 appeared like the sun in the midst of the ,daitya army 7#bj74 ,being dressed with a long raiment resembling a cloud the ,dnava ,lamva appeared in the midst of the ,daitya ,vyuhas like the sun possessed by ,rhu 7#ba74 ,taking up weapons in the shape of teeth1 lips and eyes the huge-bodied and terrible warrior ,sharbhnu smilingly stood before the ,daityas 7#bb74 ,some shone on the horses and others on the elephants4 ,some sat on the lions and tigers and others on boars and bears 7#bc74 ,some rode the asses and camels and others rode the clouds4 ,and others rode on various birds and some the winds 7#bd74 ,other ,daitya proceeded on foot4 ,some ,daityas1 with dreadful faces1 some with one foot and some with two feet began to dance for battle 7#be74 ,some began to strike their arms4 ,thus the leading ,dnavas began to roar there like proud tigers 7#bf74 ,the ,daityas1 expert in the use of bows1 began to assail the gods with fierce clubs1 ,parighas and their ,parigha-like arms 7#bg74 ,and sporting with maces1 ,prshas1 clubs hooks1 swords1 ,sataghnies1 sharpened daggers1 excellent iron ,parighas and discuses they delighted the soldiers 7#bh-bi74 ,the ,dnavas1 irrepressible in battle1 desired for victory4 ,thus the ,dnavas1 proud of their various weapons1 confronted the gods like rising clouds 7#cj74 ,that ,daitya army1 consisting of thousands of ,dnavas1 resembling the air1 the fire1 the cloud and the mountain and filled with war-like speed and advancement1 was maddened with desire for battle 7#ca74 ,the arrangement of troops in various positions1 as the array in line1 that in column1 that in circle1 and that in mixed order4 ,this is the mythological account of the solar eclipse4 i4e4 were fleet like the wind4 ,,chapter ,,xliv4 ,,arrangement ,,of ,,the ,,celestial ,,army4 ,vaishampayana said3--,o my child1 you have thus heard of the arrangement of the ,daitya army in the war between the gods and demons4 ,hear1 now of an account of the arrangement of the army of the gods as well as that of ,vishnu's army 7#a74 ,the ,adityas1 the ,vasus1 the ,rudras and the two highly powerful ,aswinis took charge of their respective soldiers and attendants4 ,the commander of the whole celestial army1 the thousand-eyed ,patriarch ,pkashna sat on his elephant ,airavata in front 7of the army74 ,on his left was kept in readiness a car1 quick coursing like ,garuda1 with beautiful wheels and adorned with gold and diamonds 7#b-d74 ,thousands of gods and ,gandharvas and ,yakshas followed him4 ,and the effulgent ,brhmana saints1 members of his court1 began to chant his glories 7#e74 ,protected by ,valhakas1 carrying weapons1 accompanied by lightnings produced by the hurling of ,indra's thunder-bolt and resembling mountains moving about at will1 the ,divine ,maghavn began to proceed on his elephant4 ,the ,vipras1 who live at a place where ,havi is kept in ,soma's sacrifice1 sing his glories 7#f-g74 ,when the king of gods repaired to the celestial region bugles were sounded4 ,thousands of ,apsaras began to dance before him 7#h74 ,as the sun shines1 protected by ,ketu1 born in his own family so that chariot1 protected by ,mtali1 appeared beautiful4 ,that car1 drawn by a thousand horses1 was fleet like the mind or the air4 ,it appeared as if the mount ,meru was enveloped with the rays of the sun 7#i-aj74 ,raising up his rod and mace and terrifying the ,daityas ,yama stood in the midst of the celestial army 7#aa74 ,varuna1 with the mace in his hand1 also stood there in the midst of the army of gods4 ,he was surrounded by four oceans and ,pannagas4 ,his person was full of water and he was adorned with conch1 jems and ,angadas4 ,he always used to roam with the noose of ,kla in his hand4 ,he made thousands of sports with the horses resembling the rays of the moon and waves agitated by the wind4 ,his raiment was black and he put on beautiful ,angadas made of corals4 ,his person had the hue of sapphire and a necklace hung round his neck4 ,he stood there in expectation of the battle as the ocean becomes agitated when it is separated from its bank 7#ab-ae74 ,kuvera1 having a body dark-blue like sapphire1 and men to carry him1 was seen there along with the ,yakshas1 ,rkshasas and ,guhyakas 7#af74 ,that lord of riches1 that king of kings1 was armed with conch1 ,padma and a club 7#ag74 ,that graceful king of riches was stationed in his car ,pushpaka4 ,that king of kings1 that friend of ,siva1 that lord having men to carry him1 appeared there for battle like the very ,siva himself 7#ah74 ,the thousand-eyed ,indra protected the eastern wing of the celestial army1 ,yama1 the king of the ancestral manes1 protected the southern wing1 ,varuna1 the western wing and ,kuvera1 the northern wing 7#ai74 ,the four ,regents of the quarters1 dreadful in battle1 protected the four sides of the celestial army and kept a vigilant watch over their respective quarters4 7#bj74 ,the sun shone there burning in his own effulgent rays1 on his car1 drawn by seven horses that course in the welkin 7#ba71 ,shining in his own effulgence of thousand rays1 and ascending the car in which he1 conferring heat on all the eternal regions1 goes to the rising and setting mountains1 the ,dwdashtma lord of rays began to move about in the midst of the celestials 7#bc-bd74 ,delighting the universe with his cool and watery rays the moon1 of cool rays1 shone on his car drawn by white horses 7#bd74 ,the ,danavas saw1 in the battle-field1 ,soma1 of cool rays who is the presiding deity of the ,brhmanas1 is encircled by the stars1 whose body is marked by the shadow of the earth1 who dispells the nocturnal darkness1 who is the lord of all luminous bodies in the sky1 who is the source of all the juices1 who is the lord and protector of all the plants1 who is the source of nectar1 who is the first source of food to the world1 who is identical with gentle and cool juice and who distributes dews 7#be-bg74 ,being excited by his own energy and joined by the cloud ,vayu1 the life of all creatures1 began to blow there in contrary directions and assail the ,daityas4 ,he is the life of all creatures and lives in man as five vital airs2 and being divided into seven it is sustaining the three worlds consisting of mobile and immobile creations4 ,people call him the charioteer of fire and he is the cause and1 lord of all4 ,the source of his origin is the seven musical notes which are used in singing4 ,he is called the most excellent element and is bodiless4 ,he courses in the sky1 goes very quickly and has sound for his origin 7#bh-ci74 ,the ,maruts1 accompanied by the ,devas1 ,gandharvas and ,vidyadharas1 began to sport there with unsheathed swords white as the serpents 7#cb74 ,pouring1 in anger1 deadly venom the leading serpents became as it were the arrows of the gods1 and began1 with their mouths open1 to range in the sky 7#cc74 ,all the mountains appeared before the gods to grind the ,dnavas with their rocky summits and with trees consisting of hundreds of branches 7#cd74 ,the highly illustrious and intelligent lord ,hari1 the holder of discus and mace1 who is the lotus-navelled ,hrishikesha of three foot-steps1 who is highly effulgent like the fire of dissolution1 who is the master of the universe1 who is ,madhusudana1 born from the ocean1 who feeds on ,havya and is honored by sacrifies1 who is identical with earth1 water and ether1 who is at one with the elements1 who gives peace and equanimity of mind1 who destroys his enemies1 who is the source and seed of the universe1 who is the preceptor of the world and who has the emblem of ,garuda on his flag1 took up1 in the midst of the celestial army1 his enemy-killing discus1 effulgent like the rising fire in the rising solar disc1 the maces ,vrihati and ,mahati1 that kill all the ,asuras1 in his left hand1 the bow ,sranga and other burning weapons in his remaining hands4 ,the ,lord ,hari rode that huge-bodied younger brother of ,aruna1 the foremost of birds1 ,suparna1 who was the best of the twice born living on serpents1 who was the son of ,kashyapa1 who was superior even to the wind in fleetness1 who used to agitate the sky1 who had big serpents hanging from his mouth1 who was huge like the mount ,mandara that was set free after the churning of the ocean for ambrosia1 who displayed his prowess hundreds of times in the encounter between the gods and demons1 whose body was marked with thunder-bolt by the king of gods for ambrosia1 who had tufts of down1 who was adorned with shining ear-rings1 who had a raiment of variegated feathers1 who was huge like a mountain consisting of metals and who had on his spacious breast serpents of moon-like lustre shining with brilliant jems4 ,he remained easily in the sky with his two beautifully painted wings like two clouds with rain-bow at the time of the universal dissolution4 ,he was dreadful in the enemy's camp adorned with red1 dark and yellow flags4 ,the gods followed him in battle4 ,the great ascetics sang the glories of ,gaddhara with excellent hymns 7#ce-dh74 ,assisted by ,kuvera1 headed by ,vivaswan's son ,yama1 encircled by ,varuna the king of water1 presided over by the king of gods1 beautified by the rays of the moon1 strengthened by the war-like gods1 accompanied by the sounds of the wind1 rendered brilliant by fire1 and enveloped with ,jishnu1 ,prahishnu1 ,bhrjishnu1 and ,vishnu energies the celestial army stood wonderfully for the battle4 ,angiras prayed for the well-being of the gods and ,sukra1 the preceptor of the ,daityas1 prayed for their well-being 7#di-eb74 ,the charioteer of ,indra4 ,a kind of ornament for the ,arms4 ,one of ,kuvera's treasures or jems4 ,the word in the text is ,nidhipati a name of ,kuvera4 ,nidhi means divine treasures nine of which are enumerated1 viz41 the ,padma1 ,mahapadma1 ,sankha1 ,makara1 ,kachchpa1 ,mukunda1 ,nanda1 ,nila and ,kharba3 their nature is not exactly defined though some of them appear to be precious jems2 according to the ,tankrik system1 they are personified and worshipped as demigods attendant either upon ,kuvera or upon ,lakshmi1 the goddess of prosperity4 ,an appellation of the sun4 ,dwadasha1 twelve and ,atman means identity2 being represented in and identified with the twelve ,adityas or the sun in each month of the year4 ,,chapter ,,xlv4 ,,the ,,fight ,,between ,,the ,,gods ,,and ,,demons4 ,thereupon there took place a terrible encounter between the armies of the gods and demons desirous of vanquishing each other 7#a74 ,armed with various weapons the ,dnavas fought with the gods as if the mountains were fighting with the mountains 7#b74 ,thus there took place a wonderful encounter between the gods and demons1 with fairness and unfairness1 humility and pride 7#c74 ,then there fell on all sides from the sky cars drawn by quick-coursing horses1 and soldiers with swords in their hands4 ,maces were scattered all over4 ,with these and arrows1 full drawn bows and clubs that war1 of the gods and demons1 grew exceedingly terrible4 ,it created terror all over the world and assumed a dreadful form like the whirling clouds at the hour of the universal dissolution 7#d-f74 ,throwing with their hands ,parighas and stones the ,dnavas began to assail ,indra and the other gods in battle 7#g74 ,in that great encounter the gods were greatly assailed by the highly powerful ,dnavas with whom appeared all the signs of success and their 7faces7 grew pale4 ,they were grinded by the network of weapons of ,diti's sons2 their heads were cut off by their ,parighas1 their bodies were mutilated and the wounds made copious discharges of blood 7#h74 ,being fettered by the nooses of the ,danavas1 wounded by their arrows and possessed by the illusions of their women the gods stood motionless 7#aj74 ,they were stupified and showed no signs of life4 ,the ,asuras made the celestial army inert so that they could not use their weapons 7#aa74 ,throwing away the nooses of illusion of the ,dnavas1 withstanding and cutting off their arrows with his thunder-bolt the thousand-eyed king of gods entered into the dreadful army of the ,dnavas 7#ab74 ,having slain all the ,daityas who were stationed in front with his dark weapons he covered the entire demon-army with darkness4 ,being thus enshrouded with darkness through the energy of the king of gods they could not make any distinction between the gods and demons4 ,thereupon being freed from the nooses of illusion and being very careful the gods began to slay the ,dnavas who were overpowered with darkness4 ,thereat being assailed1 bereft of consciousness and dark-hued on account of the darkness1 the ,dnavas began to fall down like mountains having their wings cut off 7#ac-af74 ,then the palace1 of the king of ,dnavas1 consisting of cloud-like demons and resembling an ocean stricken with darkness1 appeared as the very form of darkness itself 7#ag74 ,thereupon consuming that illusion of darkness the ,dnava ,maya created a highly dreadful illusion of forest-fire resembling the fire of dissolution4 ,when that illusion1 created by ,maya1 destroyed all darkness1 the ,daityas1 assuming forms1 effulgent like the sun1 again appeared in that battle-field 7#ah-ai74 ,being consumed by the illusory forest-fire the gods appeared before ,soma lying on the dews4 ,having their lustre destroyed by the forest-fire and been consumed thereby the gods1 stricken with grief and seeking refuge1 communicated it to their king the holder of thunder-bolt4 ,when the celestial soldiers were assailed by the illusion of ,maya and consumed by the ,dnavas1 ,varuna1 commanded by the king of gods1 thus said 7#bj-bb74 ,varuna said3--,o king of gods1 in the days of yore1 the energetic ,urva1 the son of the ,brhmana saint ,bhrigu1 adorned with accomplishments like those of ,brahm1 practised hard austerities4 ,like the eternal sun he assailed the whole world with his penances4 ,the ,brhmana saints1 with the gods and ascetics1 appeared before him 7#bc-bd74 ,the ,dnava-king ,hiranyakasipu communicated it to that highly energetic ,rishi 7#be74 ,the ,brhmana saints then addressed to him the following sacred words2 ,this family1 of the ,rishis1 is about to be extinct now1 since1 you1 being alone and having no issue1 are not thinking of perpetuating your race4 ,adopting a life of celibacy you are practising these hard penances 7#bf-bg74 ,many familes of self-controlled ,rishis1 are on the verge of extinction on account of the absence of of any offspring4 ,only one body exists 7#bh74 ,if all these families disappear for want of descendants there is no chance of their being multiplied4 ,you are the foremost of ascetics and are effulgent like ,brahm 7#bi74 ,therefore think of multiplying your race and you yourself multiply yourself4 ,devote your great energy and produce your second body 7#cj74 ,thus addressed by the ,rishis and having his mind agitated that self-controlled ascetic blamed them and said 7#ca74 ,this had been laid down in the days of yore as the eternal duty of the ,munis living in the forest on roots and following the religion of the ,aryans 7#cb74 ,the well-practised vow of celibacy of the ,brhmanas1 born from ,brahm1 agitated even ,brahm himself4 ,to officiate as priests1 to teach and to accept fees are the three-fold duties of the ,brhmanas living as house-holders4 ,to live in the forest is our duty who1 7observing the vow of celibacy7 live in hermitage 7#cc-cd74 ,practising hard penances and giving preference to chastity in thought1 words and deeds1 the ,munis1 living on water1 those living on air1 the ,dantolukhalikas1 ,ashmakuttas1 ,dashanaps1 and ,panchataps1 attain to the most excellent state 7#ce-if74 ,through this chastity in thought1 words and deeds the ,brhmanas attain to their ,brhmanahood4 ,the ,brahmavdins1 living in the most excellent region1 have recorded this 7#cg74 ,patience resides in ,brahmacharyya1 asceticism exists in ,brahmacharyya and those ,brhmanas1 who practise it1 attain to the celestial region 7#ch74 ,without ,siddhi1 there is no yoga1 and without yoga there is no fame4 ,there is no other glorious asceticism in this world than ,brahmacharyya 7#ci74 ,having subdued the five elements and five organs of sense one should practise ,brahmacharyya4 ,what other greater ,tapas is there than ,brahmacharyya 7#dj78 ,the shaving of the hairs in the absence of yoga which the ,sanyasins are bound to practise1 the observance of the difficult 7,chandryana7 vow 7for pleasing the people7 in the absence of determination 7to go to the next world71 the practice of religion in the absence of ,brahmacharyya--these three are designated as ,dambha 7#da74 ,when ,brahm created his mind-begotten progeny where had he his wife and where was his co-habitation and where was the agitation of his mind 7#db78 ,you1 self-controlled ,rishis1 have a great ascetic energy4 ,therefore create your mind-born progeny by your patriarchal works 7#dc74 ,the ascetics should procreate progeny through their mind-born source4 ,they should not marry and beget children on their wives 7#dd74 ,what you have said1 being yourselves all pious men1 about the different religious practices1 appears to me as thoroughly immoral 7#de74 ,by this my effulgent body consisting of soul and identical with mind1 ,i shall pro-create a son1 begotten of my body1 without espousing a wife 7#df74 ,by the forest1 regulations ,i shall create1 out of this body of mine1 a second body capable of consuming the creatures 7#dg74 ,thereupon being engaged in ,tapas and placing his thigh into the fire ,urva began to churn an ,arani1 capable of giving a son1 with a ,darbha4 ,thereupon all on a sudden enveloped with flames there came out the fire in the shape of a son desirous of consuming the universe 7#dh-di74 ,riving the thigh of ,urva there came into being the all-ending and the wrathful fire ,aurva as if desirous of consuming the three worlds 7#ej74 ,as soon as he was born1 he said to his father in burning words3--,o father1 ,i am stricken with hunger4 ,leave me1 ,i shall eat up the whole world 7#ea74 ,at that time yawning with flames that had gone up to the celestial region the all-ending fire completely consumed the ten quarters and all the elements and thus increased itself 7#eb74 ,in the meantime the ,lord ,brahm1 the master of all creatures1 went where that ,muni begat that most excellent son 7#ec74 ,he saw there the worlds along with the ,rishis blazing up with the thigh-begotten fiery son of ,urva and assailed by ,aurva's fire of anger 7#ed74 ,thereupon honouring the ,rishi ,urva ,brahm said to him3--,bear this energy of your son out of compassion for the world 7#ee74 ,o ,vipra1 ,i shall confer upon this son of yours the most excellent virtue of patience4 ,and ,i shall bestow on him the best of habitations and nectarine food4 ,hear these my truthful words1 ,o foremost of speakers 7#ef74 ,urva said3--,blessed ,i am4 ,i have received a great favour since the ,lord has conferred a great grace on my child and given him this inclination 7#eg74 ,how will this my son1 when he will attain to the desirable youth1 acquire happiness on being honoured with ,havyas8 ,where will be his house and what will be his food8 ,what sort of food will you arrange for this highly powerful one commensurate with his strength 7#eh-ei74 ,brahma said3--,this boy will live in the mouth of the ocean resembling that of a mare4 ,o ,vipra1 ,i am born of water1 so his body will be made of water 7#fj74 ,always living on watery food ,i live in the water4 ,i shall give your son this food4 ,let him bring it 7#fa74 ,o you of firm vows1 at the time of the termination of a yuga this fire will consume all the worlds4 ,united with him ,i shall repeatedly eat up the worlds 7#fb74 ,this fire has been made by me to live upon the water of dissolution4 ,he will consume all the creatures with the gods1 ,asuras and ,rkshasas 7#fc74 ,saying ,so be it1 and casting off his effulgence before his father ,aurva1 enveloped with consecrated flames of fire1 entered into the mouth of the ocean 7#fd74 ,thereupon ,brahm and other great ,rishis returned to their respective habitations4 ,and being informed of the power of ,aurva fire they resorted to their respective courses 7#fe74 ,beholding the wondrous affair ,hiranyakasipu1 placing all his limbs on the ground1 worshipped ,urva and said the following words 7#ff7 ,o ,reverend ,sir1 wonderful is this affair that has been witnessed by all the worlds4 ,o foremost of ,munis1 the grand-father has been pleased with your penances 7#fg74 ,o you of great vows1 if ,i am worthy of being praised for my actions know me as your and your son's servant 7#fh74 ,behold me as engaged in worshipping you4 ,if ,i meet with discomfiture1 ,o foremost of ,munis1 it will be your defeat 7#fi74 ,urva said3--,i have been also blessed and honored since you have accepted me as your preceptor4 ,o you of firm vows1 you have no longer any fear of ascetic observances 7#gj74 ,do you take this fiery illusion which even the fires1 without fuels that have been created my son1 cannot easily touch 7#ga74 ,this illusion will help you in killing the enemies of your family2 it will protect your own army and consume the enemies 7#gb74 ,saying 'may it be so' and saluting that foremost of ,munis ,hiranyakasipu1 the king of ,dnavas1 was pleased and returned to the celestial region 7#gc74 ,varuna said3--,this is that illusion1 which the deities cannot bear1 and that had been created in the days of yore by ,urva's son ,aurva 7#gd74 ,with the death of that ,daitya it has undoubtedly been shorn of its power4 ,it had been imprecated with a curse in the days of yore by him who had created it 7#ge7 ,if we can strike against this illusion the king of gods will be happy4 ,give me1 ,o ,sakra1 my friend ,nishakara 7the moon7 who is born of water 7#gf74 ,being united with him and ,yados and controlling my senses1 ,i shall by your favour1 undoubtedly destroy this illusion 7#gg74 ,one who eats grain without its having been threshed1 anchorite4 ,breaking or bruising anything with a stone4 ,those who practise penances on the peak of a mountain4 ,those who practise penances in the midst of fire4 ,chastity in thought1 words and deeds4 ,the consummation of the ,yoga practices and the attainment of the object thereof4 ,it means here hypocrisy4 ,regulations observed by ,rishis living in the forest4 ,wood for kindling a fire exciting it by attrition4 ,kusa or sacrificial grass4 ,aquatic animals4 ,,chapter ,,xlvi4 ,,the ,,battle ,,of ,,the ,,gods4 ,vaishampayana said3--,saying so be it the king of gods1 the multiplier of the deities1 delightedly1 first of all1 sent for ,soma in battle1 who had the dews for his weapons 7#a74 ,sakra said2--,o ,sudhkara1 proceed for the destruction of the demons and for accomplishing the victory of the gods and help the holder of noose 7#b74 ,you are gifted with incomparable energy1 the lord of all the luminous bodies1 the lord of even the sun4 ,the persons1 who have a knowledge of the juices1 consider you as identical with all the juices 7#c74 ,increase and decrease are manifest in the ocean and your orbit4 ,attaching time to the universe you are creating days and nights 7#d74 ,the shadow of the earth1 resembling a hair1 exists in your body4 ,the ,somadevas even1 who are born of the stars1 do not know this 7#e74 ,you exist above the road of the sun and other luminous bodies4 ,dispelling darkness with your own body and rays you light up the world 7#f74 ,you are of white rays and cool body1 the master of the luminous bodies1 have a hare on your lap1 the ivisible soul of the time1 are worshipped in sacrifices1 the juice of the sacrifices1 eternal1 the king of plants1 the source of action1 water-born1 of cool rays1 the mine of ambrosia1 fickle and have white horses4 ,you are the grace of the beautiful beings1 the ,soma of the ,somadevas and the most beautiful in all the worlds4 ,you dispell darkness and are the king of rays ,do you accompany ,varuna and his army and destroy the demonaic illusion by which we have been burnt down in battle 7#g-aj74 ,soma said3--,o lord of the universe1 ,o king of gods1 ,i shall do what you have asked me for the battle4 ,i pour the dews which can dispell the demonaic illusion 7#aa74 ,behold in this great encounter the ,dnavas consumed with my cold1 covered with dues1 divested of their illusive powers and haughtiness 7#ab74 ,vaishampyana said3--,like unto masses of clouds the smoky showers of dues1 discharged by the moon1 enveloped all the dreadful ,dnavas 7#ac74 ,with the pouring of dews and strokes of nooses1 ,varuna1 the holder of noose and the moon of white rays began to slay the demons in that great battle 7#ad74 ,pouring water in the battle-field and fighting with the noose and cold those two lords of water began to range like two swelling oceans 7#ae74 ,as the world is enveloped with ,pravartaka cloud discharging copious showers of rain at the time of the universal dissolution so that ,danava army was covered with water by ,varuna and ,soma 7#af74 ,taking up the rays and the noose the moon and ,varuna destroyed the illusion of the ,daitya 7#ag74 ,being exhausted with cold water and fettered by the noose the ,daityas1 like mountains bereft of their peaks1 became 7extremely7 inactive 7#ah74 ,being slain by the moon1 crushed down by cold and having their bodies covered with dews those ,daityas began to fall down like extinguished fire 7#ai74 ,the various cars of the demons1 shorn of lustre1 began to fall down and go up in the sky 7#bj74 ,the ,dnava ,maya again displayed another huge illusion before the ,dnavas who had been covered with dews and bound down with the noose 7#ba74 ,he then spread in the sky an extensive mountainous illusion coursing every where at will created by his son ,krouncha4 ,it was covered with stones1 and rocks4 ,its peaks were covered with huge trees1 its caves were filled with trees and it was infested with lions1 tigers and elephants4 ,it abounded in deer emitting cries and trees shaken by the wind 7#bb-bd74 ,with a downpour of rocks and trees that mountainous illusion slew the gods and revived the ,dnavas 7#be74 ,thereupon the illusion1 created by the moon and ,varuna1 was dispelled and ,maya's illusion covered the gods in the battle-field with iron clouds and rocks 7#bf74 ,the earth1 already uneven with the collection of mountains and filled with trees1 was so thickly covered with mountains that any one could hardly traverse it 7#bg74 ,some gods were wounded with rocks1 some were assailed with stones and some were hemmed in with trees in that battle 7#bh74 ,excepting the holder of club 7,vishnu7 all the celestial soldiers lost their bows and had their weapons broken4 ,and they all became inactive 7#bi74 ,but that beautiful lord of the universe1 ,gadhdhara1 although stationed in the battle1 was not the least agitated or worked up with anger on account of his patience 7#cj74 ,in order to witness the assailing of the gods and demons1 ,jnrddana1 conversant with the knowledge of proper time1 resembling the cloud that appears at the time of the universal dissolution1 waited for the proper hour in the battle-field 7#ca74 ,thereupon in the battle-field he ordered the fire and air to destroy the illusion created by ,maya 7#cb74 ,being united with each other and increased the increasing fire of flames and air1 at the command of ,vishnu1 destroyed that illusion 7#cc74 ,by that increasing fire of wild course and the air that mountainous illusion was consumed and destroyed in that great battle 7#cd74 ,the air1 assisted by fire1 increased like that at the time of the universal dissolution4 ,and the fire assisted by air consumed the army of demons 7#ce74 ,as soon as the wind blew the fire followed it2 it appeared as if the fire and air were sporting in the midst of the army of demons 7#cf74 ,when all the ,dnavas were consumed and their cars began to fall down1 when the fire was successful in accomplishing its work1 when the cars desisted from slaying the demons falling down an all sides quickly like the air1 when the ,daityas grew inactive and the three worlds were freed from bonds1 the gods delightedly sent up from all sides shouts of victory 7#cg-ci74 ,when the thousand-eyed god achieved victory and the demon ,maya met with discomfiture all the quarters became clear and the religious performances began to extend 7#dj74 ,the path of the moon was cleared up1 the sun was placed in its course1 all the elements were restored to their natural orders and men1 fond of good conduct1 were at ease 7#da74 ,the ,regent of the dead began to carry on his work without any distinction1 oblations were offered to fire1 the gods were entitled to partake of their portions in the sacrificial offerings and find out the utility of the celestial region 7#db74 ,the regents1 of the quarters1 began to range in their respective provinces1 pure persons1 intent on carrying on ,tapas1 began to flourish and there was absence of impious men 7#dc74 ,the partizans of the gods were delighted and those of the ,daityas were depressed4 ,virtue assumed the form of three legs and vice that of one leg 7#dd74 ,the great gate was kept open and ways to morality came into being and all the ,ashramas and ,varnas of the world began to observe their own duties 7#de74 ,the wandering kings began to protect their own subjects1 and hymns1 in praise of the gods1 were sung 7#df74 ,all the sins were removed1 dreadful pride was pacified and that battle of the fire and air was brought to a close4 ,people accorded superiority to them because they accomplished the victory 7#dg74 ,hearing of the fear of the air and fire entertained by the ,asuras1 the well-known ,dnava1 by name ,klanemi1 appeared in the battle-field 7#dh74 ,his crown was adorned with crests effulgent like the sun2 he was adorned with ,angada and his hundred arms were bedecked with hundred silvery weapons huge as the mount ,mandra4 ,he had a hundred faces and a hundred heads4 ,that beautiful demon appeared there like a mountain with a hundred peaks 7#di-ef74 ,he shone there like an increasing fire on a heap of grass in the summer season4 ,his hairs were smoky1 his beards were green2 he had huge teeth and his face was adorned with lips4 ,he was living in the intervening space of the three worlds with a huge body of very great dimension4 ,with his hands he was raising up the sky1 with his feet he was throwing away the mountains1 and with his breath he was dissipating the clouds surcharged with watery contents 7#ea-ec74 ,that ,dnava1 of expansive and red eyes looking awry1 and powerful like ,indra1 was as if consuming and roaring at the gods and covering the ten quarters4 ,they saw that ,dnava approach like the proud and hungry ,death at the time of the universal dissolution 7#ed-ee74 ,raising up the fingers of his right band having a beautiful palm1 elevated1 adorned with well-polished finger-protectors1 covered with garlands and high like moving mountains that ,dnava was1 as if1 saying raise up the slain demons 7#ef-eg74 ,the celestials1 stricken with fear1 saw in the battle ,klanemi1 like ,death himself unto his enemies 7#eh74 ,creatures saw that ,klanemi proceed like the second ,nryana of three foot-steps 7#ei74 ,raising up his front foot and having his raiment shaken by the wind that demon1 striking terror to the gods1 came to the battle-field 7#fj74 ,united with the ,asura king ,maya ,klanemi began to proceed in battle4 ,they appeared like ,indra and ,vishnu 7#fa74 ,thereupon beholding the dreadful ,klanemi approach like death himself all the gods were filled with anxiety 7#fb74 ,this is a name of the moon4 ,according to the ,hindu mythology the moon is the mine of nectar4 ,this is a name of ,varuna whose weapon is a noose4 ,,chapter ,,xlvii4 ,,the ,,encouragement ,,of ,,danavas4 ,vaishampayana said3--,in order to welcome the ,dnavas the highly powerful great ,asura ,klanemi assumed proportions like clouds in the end of summer 7#a74 ,as by acquiring most excellent ambrosia1 people are relieved of their exhaustion so the leading ,danavas1 on beholding ,klanemi living in the intervening space of the three worlds1 rose up as if they had never been tired 7#b74 ,then the terrified ,dnavas1 headed by ,maya and ,tra1 irrepressible in battle1 who always wished victory in ,traka's battle1 shone there in the battle-field 7#c74 ,beholding ,klanemi all those ,dnavas1 throwing weapons and entering into ,vyuhas1 were greatly delighted 7#d74 ,of them1 the principal soldiers of ,maya1 who were well-skilled in fighting1 cast off fear and delightedly appeared there for battle 7#e74 ,maya1 ,tra1 ,varaha1 the powerful ,hayagriva1 ,viprachitti's sons ,sweta1 ,khera and ,lamva1 ,bali's son ,arishtha1 ,kishora1 ,ushtra1 the immortal-like ,sharbhnu and the great ,asura ,vakrayodhi1 who were all experts in the use of weapons1 were devoted to the practice of ,tapas1 and skilled in fighting1 appeared before ,kalanemi the foremost of them all4 ,taking up huge clubs1 axes1 death-like maces1 ,kshepanyas1 huge rocks1 stones1 ,pattishas1 ,vindiplas1 ,parighas made of best steel1 dreadful ,ghtanis1 ,sataghnis1 ,yugas1 ,yantras1 ,argalas1 ,prsas1 nooses1 serpents1 swords1 thunder-bolts1 blazing ,tomaras1 unsheathed daggers and sharpened weapons and having their minds worked up with zeal1 they1 taking ,klanemi before them1 stood in front of the battle-field 7#f-ad74 ,that ,daitya army1 adorned with many excellent shining weapons1 shone there like the cloudy sky bespangled with stars 7#ae74 ,emblazoned with the cool and hot rays of the moon and the sun1 the celestial army1 reared by the king of gods1 also shone there 7#af74 ,there appeared that beautiful and great army of gods consisting of dreadful ,yakshas and ,rkshasas1 fleet as the wind1 having the stars for the steamers1 the clouds for their raiments1 abounding in smiling stars and planets1 protected by ,indra1 ,varuna and the intelligent ,kuvera1 the king of riches1 accompanied by the fire and air1 devoted to ,nryana1 gifted with the velocity of the ocean1 and adorned with celestial weapons 7#ag-ai74 ,as at the revolution of cycles heaven and earth are united so the celestial and demon armies met with each other 7#bj74 ,that encounter1 between the gods and demons displaying humility and pride1 forgiveness and prowess1 grew exceedingly dreadful 7#ba74 ,as the swollen rivers generally issue out of the oceans so the dreadful gods and ,asuras came out of both the armies 7#bb74 ,as the elephants come out of two mountainous forests covered with flowers so issuing out of both the armies the hosts of the gods and demons began delightedly to range there 7#bc74 ,they confronted each other and repeatedly blew their conches and bugles4 ,that sound filled the heaven1 earth and all the quarters 7#bd74 ,the sound1 of the bow-strings against the palms1 the twang of the bows and the sound of the bugles rose above the noise of the ,daityas 7#be74 ,the gods and demons felled and confronted one another4 ,some grew desirous of fighting duels4 ,some broke the arms of others with their own 7#bf74 ,the gods began to throw1 in battle1 dreadful thunder-bolts and excellent ,ayasas and ,parighas and the ,dnavas began to discharge ,gurvis1 clubs and ,nistringshas 7#bg74 ,some fell down with their limbs mutilated by the strokes of clubs and with their bodies bent down 7#bh74 ,thereupon worked up with anger1 some on cars1 some on horse back and some on quick-coursing chariots1 ran towards one another in the battle 7#bi74 ,some stood in the battle-field and some fled away4 ,the car-warriors were obstructed by cars and the infantry were obstructed by the foot-soldiers 7#cj74 ,the sound1 of the wheels of those cars1 grew terrible like the muttering of clouds in the sky 7#ca74 ,some broke down the cars1 some hurled chariots against chariots and some could not proceed unitedly in the midst of that collection of cars 7#cb74 ,striking one another with their arms and sending up shouts1 warriors1 armed with swords and leathern coats of mail and elated with pride1 began to proceed in battle 7#cc74 ,some1 mutilated and wounded by weapons in battle1 began to vomit blood like clouds discharging water in the rains 7#cd74 ,filled with those weapons and clubs thrown up and down that encounter of the gods and demons looked exceedingly terrible there 7#ce74 ,that unfair day of the encounter set in there with celestial weapons for the lightnings1 the downpour of arrows for showers and the ,dnavas for the massive clouds 7#cf74 ,in the mean time the great ,asura ,klanemi1 being worked up with anger1 began to increase his body like clouds filled with water by the waves of the ocean 7#cg74 ,the ,valhakas1 consisting of flickering flames like the lightnings1 discharging thunder-bolts and huge like the mountains1 were crushed down as soon as they fell on his body 7#ch74 ,when he breathed in anger and sweated on account of the frowning of his eyebrows there came out of his mouth scintillations of fire1 accompanied by lightning and air 7#ci74 ,his arms began to grow up straight and awry to the sky4 ,it appeared as if the five-hooded black serpents were repeatedly licking their bodies 7#dj74 ,that ,dnava enshrouded the sky with various weapons1 bows and ,parighas high as the mountains 7#da74 ,wearing a raiment shaken by the wind ,klanemi stood in front of the battle-field like the second ,sumeru filled with flames and covered by the rays of the setting sun 7#db74 ,as the king of gods fells down the huge mountains with his thunder-bolt so did he knock down the gods with the mountain peaks and huge trees uprooted by the strokes of his thighs 7#dc74 ,having been wounded by ,klanemi in battle and having their heads and breasts mutilated by diverse weapons and swords the gods could not move about 7#dd74 ,some1 killed by the stroke of his foot and others grinded by him1 fell down with the leading ,yakshas1 ,gandharvas and the great ,uragas arranged in ,vyuhas 7#de74 ,thus terrorized by ,klanemi in battle the gods1 bereft of consciousness1 could not set forth their exertions although they were capable of doing it 7#df74 ,being fettered by him with arrows1 the thousand-eyed ,sakra1 seated on his elephant ,airvata1 could not move about in the battle-field 7#dg74 ,in that battle the demon ,klanemi constrained ,varuna1 resembling a watering cloud and effulgent like the waterless ocean1 desist from displaying any feats and deprived him of his noose 7#dh74 ,bewailing in the battle-field the ,patriarch ,vaishravana1 the king of riches1 was rendered1 by him through illusory weapons1 inactive in the battle-field 7#di74 ,yama1 who spreads death and destroys everything1 was deprived of his consciousness by ,klanemi and fled to his own quarter 7#ej74 ,having thus assailed the ,patriarchs and protecting their respective quarters ,klanemi divided1 then his body1 into four parts 7#ea74 ,thereupon repairing to the celestial road of stars pointed out by ,sharbhnu that demon took1 by force1 the grace of the moon and his great object 7#eb74 ,proceeding to the celestial region he began to direct the sun of burning rays and then occupied for himself his object ,sayana and his daily duties 7#ec74 ,beholding fire in the mouth of the gods ,klanemi placed it in his own and having vanquished the air by his own strength kept it under his subjection 7#ed74 ,having brought the rivers from the ocean by his own strength and power that demon kept them under his own control and all the seas remained there like his body 7#ee74 ,having brought under his subjection all the rivers born in heaven and earth ,klanemi established the world well protected by the mountains 7#ef74 ,that ,daitya1 identical with all the worlds and a terror unto all creatures1 shone there like the self-born ,deity the master of all the elemental deities 7#eg74 ,that ,dnava1 the one body of all the ,lokpkas1 indentical with the sun1 moon and the planets and resembling the fire and air1 began to move about in the battle-field 7#eh74 ,when that ,daitya occupied the position of ,paramesthi1 the source of the origin and destruction of all the worlds the demons began to chant his glories as the gods hymn the glories of the grand-father 7,brahm74 ,the longitude of a planet reckoned from the vernal equinoctial point from ,sa with and ,ayana1 the equinoctial point4 ,he defeated the ,lokaplas and became himself the one regent of all the quarters4 ,,chapter ,,xlviii4 ,,kalanemi ,,goes ,,to ,,vishnu4 ,vaishampayana said3--,on account of his irreligious actions the ,vedas1 virtue1 forgiveness1 truth and the prosperity of ,narayana1 these five did not follow him 7,klanemi7 7#a74 ,owing to the absence of the ,veda and others that king of ,dnavas approached ,nryana in order to attain to his dignity 7#b74 ,he saw him there seated on ,suparna with conch1 discus and club in his hands4 ,he was whirling a beautiful mace for the destruction of the ,dnavas 7#c74 ,that god1 having the hue of a cloud surcharged with water and wearing a raiment resembling lighting1 was seated at ease on the bird the son of ,kashyapa1 gifted with golden wings and a tuft of down on the forepart of head 7#d74 ,beholding the irrepressible ,vishnu stationed in battle for the destruction of the demons1 ,klanemi1 with a heavy heart1 said3--7#e74 ,this is our most dreadful enemy4 ,they say he cannot be vanquished by any means4 ,he is the enemy of our ,dnava forefathers and that of ,madhu and ,kaitava living in the ocean4 ,he has slain many of our forest-born ,daityas4 ,this man1 armed with weapons1 is highly ruthless in battle and extremely shameless like a boy4 ,he had the hairs of the ,dnava women shaved 7#f-h74 ,he is the ,vishnu of the gods1 the ,vaikuntha of the celestials1 the ,ananta of the serpents living in the water and the ,creator of the creators himself 7#i74 ,he is the worshipful of the gods and is ever engaged in doing us wrong4 ,incurring his displeasure ,hiranyakasipu was slain 7#aj74 ,following him the gods are entitled to the best portion of the sacrificial offerings and three-fold oblations are offered to fire by the great saints 7#aa74 ,he is the instrument of the death of all those who are inimical towards the gods4 ,by his discus all the ,dnavas1 born in our race1 have been slain in battle 7#ab74 ,risking his life even for the gods it is he who hurls his discus1 effulgent like the sun1 at the enemies in battle 7#ac74 ,this wicked-minded one is like the death unto the ,daityas4 ,myself1 resembling the very ,kala himself1 living1 he will soon meet with inevitable death 7#ad74 ,by a mere accident ,vishnu has appeared before me to-day4 ,being grinded by me in battle he will be humiliated before me 7#ae74 ,having slain in battle this ,nryana1 the source of fear unto the ,dnavas ,i shall worship to-day my predecessors 7#af74 ,i shall soon kill also the followers of ,nryana4 ,even when born again he oppresses the ,dvanas 7#ag74 ,in the days of yore this ,ananta again became celebrated by the name of ,padmanbha 7lotus-navelled74 ,when the whole universe was converted into one sheet of water1 he1 placing the two ,dnavas1 ,madhu and ,kaitava within his knee-joints1 killed them 7#ah74 ,dividing his own body into two and assuming the form of a man-lion he1 in the days of yore1 killed my father ,hiranyakasipu 7#ai74 ,auspiciously did ,aditi1 the mother of gods1 conceive him who1 assuming the form of a dwarf at the sacrifice of the king ,bali1 occupied the three worlds with his foot-steps and then killed him 7#bj74 ,now encountering me again in this war of ,traka1 he along with the gods1 will meet with death 7#ba74 ,thus villifying ,nryana in the field of battle in various unbecoming words ,klanemi expressed his desire for fighting 7#bb74 ,although censured by the king of ,asuras ,gaddhara 7,vishnu7 was not angry on account of his extraordinary forgiveness4 ,rather smilingly he said 7#bc74 ,o ,daitya1 limited is thy strength1 still out of anger thou art villifying me4 ,since thou hast transgressed forgiveness1 thou shalt be slain by thy own fault 7#bd74 ,wretched thou art indeed and fie on thy vaunting words4 ,men do not live where the females roar 7#be74 ,o ,daitya1 ,i see thou shalt follow the footsteps of thy predecessors4 ,disregarding the orders instituted by ,prajapati who can be at ease8 7#bf74 ,i shall slay thee to-day who hast disturbed the gods4 ,and ,i shall again place the celestials in their respective positions 7#bg74 ,after ,nryana1 bearing the mystic mark of ,srivatsa on his breast1 had said this in the battle-field1 the ,dnava took up the weapons in anger and began to smile 7#bh74 ,uplifting his hundred arms capable of handling all the weapons1 he1 with eyes reddened with anger1 struck at the breast of ,vishnu 7#bi74 ,the other ,dnavas1 headed by ,maya and ,tra1 ran towards ,vishnu 7#cj74 ,although assailed by the highly powerful ,daityas armed with various weapons the lord ,nryana remained unshaken in the battle like a mountain 7#ca74 ,being engaged in a conflict with ,suparna and taking up1 with all his strength1 a huge and dreadful club burning with the concussion of arms1 the highly enraged great ,asura ,klanemi hurled it at ,garuda4 ,even ,vishnu was filled with wonder seeing that feat of the ,daitya 7#cb74 ,when that club fell on the head of ,suparna1 that king of birds1 with a wounded body1 fell down on earth 7#cc74 ,thereupon in that great encounter the ,dnavas began to strike ,vishnu and ,garuda with clods of earth1 stones and thunder bolts4 ,when ,nryana moved about in the battle field the gods chanted his glories4 ,glory unto thee1 ,o thou of great arms1 ,o destroyer of ,madhu and ,kaitava4 ,with thy nails thou didst tear off ,hiranyakasipu4 ,thus eulogised by the deities ,nryana rose up from the battle-field4 ,considering ,vishnu slain the king of ,dnavas blew his conch4 ,the great ,asuras began to play on the three sorts of ,mridangas and dance in accompaniment with the music4 ,it appeared that a great festivity was taking place at that time4 ,beholding ,suparna wounded and his own body unscathed1 ,vaikuntha1 with eyes reddened in anger1 took up his discus 7#cd-ce74 ,the lord then grew highly impetuous along with ,suparna4 ,his arms multiplied covering the ten quarters 7#cf74 ,filling up all the quarters1 the etherial region and the earth he increased his energy as if being desirous of attacking again all the worlds 7#cg74 ,the ,rishis1 along with the ,gandharvas1 began to chant the glories of ,madhusudana who had then assumed a huge proportion in the sky for the victory of the gods 7#cc74 ,the ,lord covered the celestial region with his ,kiritin1 the sky and the clouds1 with his raiment1 the earth with his feet and all the quarters with his arms4 ,thereupon worked up with anger ,gaddhara1 taking up his discus capable of performing unparalleled feats and effulgent like the sun1 destroyed with it1 by virtue of his own energy1 the effulgence of the ,dnavas in battle and chopped off the arms of ,klanemi4 ,it was dreadful like the burning fire of a thousand flames resembling the rays of the sun and at the same time beautiful and covered with golden wheels4 ,it was strong like a thunder-bolt1 dreadful and besmeared with the blood1 fat and bones of the ,dnavas4 ,it had none to equal it in the matter of striking1 was sharpened like a razor1 could go any where and could assume any form at will4 ,it was made by the ,self-born himself1 was a terror to the enemies1 possessed by the anger of the great ,rishis and was haughty in the battle field4 ,when it is thrown1 all the creatures1 mobile and immobile1 are stupified and creatures1 living on flesh1 derive greatest satisfaction 7#cf-df74 ,then with his strength ,hari began to grind the hundred dreadful faces of that demon with wild laughs like the grinding of fire 7#dg74 ,although his arms were chopped off and his heads were cut off the ,dnava did not tremble the least in the battle and stood there like a tree shorn of all its branches 7#dh74 ,thereupon spreading his two huge wings and assuming the velocity of the wind ,garuda1 with the stroke of his breast1 felled down ,klanemi4 ,thereupon rolling and leaving the celestial region his body1 shorn of heads and arms1 fell down on earth from the sky 7#di-ej74 ,when that ,daitya was killed the ,rishis1 together with the gods1 began to praise ,vaikuntha saying ,well done6 ,well done6 7#ea74 ,the other ,daityas1 who were witnessing his prowess in battle1 were hemmed in by the arms of ,vishnu and could not move in the field 7#eb74 ,the ,lord held some ,daityas by the hair1 held some by the throat1 wounded some on the face and took up some by the waist 7#ec74 ,entirely destroyed by the club and discus and deprived of their energy and life they fell down on earth from the sky 7#ed74 ,after all the ,daityas had been slain1 that foremost of ,purushas ,gadadhara1 scoring success1 stood there doing good to the king of gods 7#ee74 ,after the termination of that dreadful war with ,traka where many had been grinded the grand-father of all1 ,brahm speedily came there along with all the ,brhmana saints1 ,gandharvas and ,apsars4 ,worshipping ,hari the god of gods said 7#ef-eg74 ,brahma said3--,o lord1 thou hast accomplished a great work2 the dart of the celestials has been uprooted4 ,by the destruction of the ,daityas we have been pleased 7#eh74 ,thou alone art the only destroyer of this ,klanemi whom thou hast just slain in battle4 ,save thee there is none else who could kill him 7#ei74 ,vanquishing the gods and all the creatures mobile and immobile this ,dnava used to assail the ,rishis2 even he used to roar at me 7#fj74 ,therefore by this thy powerful feat ,i have been greatly pleased1 since thou hast destroyed this death-like ,klanemi 7#fa74 ,mayst thou fare well2 let us now repair to the most excellent celestial region1 where the ,brhmana saints1 the members of thy court1 are waiting for thee 7#fb74 ,o ,achyuta1 ,o foremost of speakers1 ,i shall worship thee there along with the ,maharshis with heavenly hymns 7#fc74 ,o thou the foremost of boon givers1 although thou dost confer boons on the celestials and ,daityas ,i shall bestow one on thee 7#fd74 ,o ,nryana1 in this war thou hast freed the three worlds of the thorns and therefore do thou now confer upon the high-souled ,sakra the prosperous kingdom over the three worlds 7#fe74 ,thus addressed by the ,divine ,brahm1 the ,lord ,hari said to ,indra and other gods in auspicious words 7#ff74 ,listen attentively1 all ye gods headed by ,purandara1 who have assembled here 7#fg74 ,we have slain1 in this battle1 many powerful ,danavas1 ,kalnemi and others1 who are superior even to the king of gods himself 7#fh74 ,in this terrible encounter came out both ,virochana's son ,bali and the huge-bodied ,rhu 7#fi74 ,let now the king of gods and ,varuna repair to their wished-for regions4 ,let ,yama occupy the south and the king of riches protect the north 7#gj74 ,as before let the noon be united with the stars in proper season4 ,let the sun1 being united with equinoctial points1 distribute the seasons all through the year 7#ga74 ,let sacrifices be duly undertaken honoured by the ascetic courtiers and let the ,vipras1 according to the rituals laid down in the ,vedas1 offer oblations to fire 7#gb74 ,let the gods attain gratification from ,vali oblations1 the ,maharshis from the chanting of the ,vedas and the ancestral manes from the performance of ,srdhas as before 7#gc74 ,let the wind blow in its own course1 let the fire be enkindled in its three-fold forms1 and let the three ,varnas1 by their natural qualities1 bring about the gratification of the world 7#gd74 ,let sacrifices be undertaken by the ,brhmanas who are worthy of performing initiatory rites and let all the proper sacrificial gifts be distributed 7#ge74 ,let the sun afford gratification to all the eyes and let the moon afford delight to all the juices and let the air delight the vital breaths of all creatures1 and let them all undertake good and auspicious works 7#gf74 ,let the rivers1 carrying water from the huge mountains and1 the mother of the three worlds1 gradually in proper order1 proceed to the ocean 7#gg74 ,let the gods cast off all fear of the ,dnavas and let them enjoy peace4 ,may you fare well1 ,o ye gods1 ,i repair to the eternal region of ,brahm 7#gh74 ,do not live always confidently in your celestial region and specially in the battle-field for the demons are highly deceitful 7#gi74 ,they strike people as soon as they find a weak point4 ,this order of the world is not permanent4 ,you are all gentle and simple and your mind always moves in innocent matters4 ,o gods1 ,i bring about the stupefaction of all these wicked demons who cherish a desire of injuring you 7#ha74 ,whenever you will cherish a dreadful fear of the ,dnavas ,i will immediately come and promise you safety 7#cb74 ,having thus addressed the gods the highly illustrious ,nryana1 having truth for his prowess1 repaired with ,brahm to his own region 7#hc74 ,this was the wonderful encounter1 of which you asked1 of ,nrayana and the ,dnavas in the war of which ,traka was the root 7#hd74 ,,chapter ,,xlix4 ,,attributes ,,of ,,narayana ,janeamejaya said3--,o ,brahman1 after repairing with the water-born ,brahm to his own region what did the god of gods ,vaikuntha do 7#a78 ,after the completion of the massacre of the ,daityas why did the water-born deity take away ,vishnu1 who had been honored by the gods1 to his own region 7#b78 ,what sort of ,yoga does the ,lord ,brahm1 the ,creator of creatures1 practise and what sort of regulations does he observe ,and what sort of regions is that of ,brahm 7#c7 ,how does this great universe attain to the prosperity adored by the gods and ,asuras when he does not remain there 7#d7 ,how does he lie down for rest at the end of the summer and awake with the approach of the rains8 ,how does he1 living in the ,brahm region1 carry on the work of the world 7#e78 ,o foremost of ,brhmanas1 ,i wish to hear truly of the celestial conduct of this ,lord in the land of gods 7#f74 ,vaishampyana said3--,hear now at length of the deeds of ,nryana before you listen to how he sported with ,brahm after repairing to his region 7#g74 ,his course is very subtle according to his desire which even the gods cannot know4 ,hear1 ,o king1 what ,i shall relate 7#h74 ,this ,lord ,nryana is identical with the three worlds and the three worlds too are also permeated by him4 ,he is identical with the gods in heaven and they too are identical with him 7#i74 ,many persons1 desirous of going to the other end of the world1 cannot see his end4 ,this ,mdhava is the end of all 7#aj74 ,hear of an account of his deeds in the ,brahmaloka in the days of yore whose true form is hidden by the senses as if with darkness and whom the gods seek 7#aa71 ,repairing to the region of ,brahm and beholding the dignity of the ,grand-,father ,vishnu honored all the ,rishis with works sanctioned by the ,vedas 7#ab74 ,having performed the rites of the first part of the day the highly energetic ,vishnu came to the fire where oblations were being offered in the morning by the great ,rishis 7#ac74 ,he saw his own body most excellently placed in the midst of the sacrifice1 worshipped with oblations by the great ,rishis and eating his own share of the sacrificial offerings 7#ad74 ,having saluted the worshipful ,rishis of ,brahma energy ,nryana1 who is beyond the comprehension of thought1 began to range in the eternal ,brahma region 7#ae74 ,walking there in the sacrifice he saw hundreds of sacrificial posts adorned with the tops of ,chashlas and marked by the ,brhmana saints 7#af74 ,smelling the smoke of oblations1 hearing the sound of the chanting of the ,vedas by the twice-born ones1 and beholding his own self worshipped in the shape of a sacrifice he began to range there 7#ag74 ,taking the sacred grass and ,arghya in their hands the courtier deities and the ,rishis said to him 7#ah73--,whatever power exists in the gods it emanates from ,nryana and whatever is undertaken by the deities that also proceeds from ,madhusudana 7#ai74 ,that eternal ,vishnu is the region of ,soma and fire about which the people hear from learned men 7#bj74 ,as curd is produced from milk and clarified butter from curd so when the body and senses are agitated by virtue of meditation the world originates from ,janrddana 7#ba74 ,as the great soul is comprehended by the senses and the five great elements so ,hari is comprehended by the gods1 the ,vedas and all the worlds 7#bb74 ,as in this world of men the relation between the five elements and senses is perceived so the strength and prosperity of the gods in the celestial region originate from ,vishnu 7#bc74 ,this independent and highly sacred ,nryana1 who is the thread of the worlds and who confers fruits of sacrifices on those who perform them1 is worshipped with ,mantras like ,mantra itself 7#bd74 ,the ,rishis said3--,o foremost of the celestials1 ,o thou of great effulgence1 ,o lotus-navelled deity1 hast thou come with ease8 ,do thou accept this sacrificial offering offered according to the ,mantras 7#be74 ,thou art the sacred vessel of this water sanctified in the sacrifice4 ,thou wert always known as the guest mentioned in the ,mantras and hast now become visible 7#bf74 ,o ,nryana1 after thy departure to the battle-field1 our works were not undertaken1 for a sacrifice1 without ,vishnu1 is never sanctioned 7#bg74 ,to-day we will acquire the fruit of the sacrifice celebrated with presents4 ,thou art beholding thyself worshipped by us all 7#bh74 ,saying ,so be it the ,lord1 in return1 worshipped the ,brhmanas4 ,the ,grand-father ,brahm who was in his region1 was delighted thereat 7#bi74 ,a wooden ring on the top of a sacrificial post4 ,water to wash feet4 ,,chapter ,l4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,narayanashrama4 ,vaishampayana said3--,having been thus worshipped by the ,rishis the ,lord entered into the celestial habitation of ,brahm1 the hermitage of ,nryana as described in the ,puranas 7#a74 ,having honored delightedly all those ,rishis and bowed unto the ,prime ,deity the ,lotus-sprung ,brahm he entered into the region mentioned before 7#b74 ,having entered the ,narayana hermitage which was so named after ,him the ,lord left off all his weapons 7#c74 ,he saw there his own abode resembling an ocean1 filled with the gods and the immortal ,rishis 7#d74 ,that abode was covered with ,samvartaka and other clouds1 enshrouded with the darkness of the starry region and was beyond the reach of the gods and demons 7#e74 ,there the winds do not blow and the sun and the moon do not shine4 ,it was enveloped with the effulgence of the body of the ,lotus-navelled ,deity 7#f74 ,entering there1 carrying matted locks and being thousand-headed the ,lord began to make arrangements for lying down 7#g74 ,the death-like sleep1 having dark eyes and being informed of the last days of men1 appeared before that high-sould deity 7#h74 ,on account of his acquiring a mastery over his senses1 ,hari1 the foremost of those observant of vows1 laid himself on a celestial bed cool like the water of the ,ocean 7#i74 ,the ,rishis and the ,gods began to worship the great ,omnipotent ,vishnu1 thus gone to sleep for the creation of the universe 7#aj74 ,when he was asleep there sprang from his navel a lotus1 highly effulgent like the sun 7intended for the7 seat of the ,patriarch ,brahm1 who is both the beginning and the end 7#aa74 ,that lotus had a thousand petals1 a beautiful hue1 was tender and well-adorned4 ,raising up his hand which is the thread of the pristine desire the great ,muni ,brahm whirls the wheel of the changes of all the worlds brought about by time 7#ab74 ,from his mouth the ,patriarchs come out shaken by the wind of his breath4 ,sometimes they fall down and sometimes they go up 7#ac74 ,human beings1 thus created by him1 are again divided by ,brahm into four orders4 ,and then by performing works laid down in the ,vedas they reach their respective goals 7#ad74 ,even ,brahm himself and the immortal ,rishis cannot understand ,vishnu1 thus engaged in the ,yoga of sleep and covered with ,tamas 7#ae74 ,those ,brhmana saints1 headed by the ,grand-father1 cannot find out when ,nryana is asleep and when he does sit up on his bed 7#af74 ,who is awake in this body8 ,who is asleep8 ,who1 being capable1 does not perform a work8 ,who enjoys the various objects of pleasure8 ,who is effulgent8 ,and who is subtler than the subtle itself 7#ag78 ,by the various arguments laid down in ,srutis the ,rishis seek to find out ,his existence4 ,by birth or action none can find ,him out 7#ah74 ,the ancient ,rishis have sung his glories in the ,purnas and his history can be known by the songs composed by him 7#ai74 ,his ancient history is also heard amongst the gods4 ,after the great ,purnas there exists no other record of his doings 7#bj74 ,all the ,srutis1 relating to the ,vedas and the customs and practices of mankind1 are filled with an account of the prowess of that god of gods 7#ba74 ,the ,lord1 the origin of all creatures1 appears at the time of the creation of all the worlds4 ,and ,madhusudana remains awake for the destruction of the ,dnavas 7#bb74 ,when this immortal ,purusha goes to sleep even the gods cannot look at him4 ,he goes to sleep at the end of the summer and awakes after the termination of the rains 7#ac74 ,he is identical with the ,vedas1 the sacrifices and various other supplementary rites4 ,this foremost of ,purushas is the course of the sacrifices that has been described 7#bd74 ,when he falls asleep all the sacrifices1 sanctified by ,mantras1 are brought to a close4 ,and ,madhusudana rises up when the autumnal sacrifices are undertaken 7#be74 ,when ,vishnu goes to sleep1 ,purandara1 the lord of waters1 performs all his duties and pours water 7#bf74 ,the illusion of darkness1 sleep1 that exists in the world and that is like a night of death to the kings1 brings ruination upon them who kill one another by fighting 7#bg74 ,by its body of darkness it destroys the nights and days4 ,and this dreadful illusion pilfers half of the life of all creatures in the world 7#bh74 ,being possessed by this sleep and yawning repeatedly some people cannot bear its power as if they are almost drowned in a vast ocean 7#bi74 ,this sleep1 engendered by the food or toil of the mortals in this world1 does not conduce to the well-being of all 7#cj74 ,it grows enfeebled after the termination of the dream of creatures in this world2 and this1 at the time of their death1 destroys all their vital airs 7#ca74 ,amongst the gods1 none1 but ,nryana1 can withstand the power of this sleep4 ,this ,my or illusion is the female companion1 begotten by his own body1 of ,vishnu who destroys all 7#cb74 ,that one1 of lotus eyes1 was seen on the face of ,nryan4 ,this one1 who stupifies all the creatures1 eats up all the worlds in no time 7#cc74 ,for the behoof of mankind she is kept by ,vishnu4 ,she is adored of all as a chaste lady serves her husband 7#cd74 ,being possessed by this sleep and having stupified the eternal world the ,lord ,vishnu slept in the ,nryana hermitage 7#ce74 ,when that high-souled deity was thus asleep thousands of years passed away with the most excellent of cycles ,satya and ,tret 7#cf74 ,that highly effulgent deity awoke at the close of the ,dwpara ,yuga1 when the great saints1 on witnessing the distress of mankind1 began to chant his glories 7#cg74 ,the ,rishis said3--,o lord1 do thou cast off this sleep begotten of thy own self as a garland1 already enjoyed1 is left off4 ,all the gods1 along with ,brahm1 are waiting to see thee 7#ch74 ,o ,hrishikesha1 all these self-controlled ,rishis1 well-versed in the knowledge of ,brahman1 and in singing ,his glories1 are welcoming thee 7#ci74 ,o ,vishnu1 hear the auspicious words of these ,rishis who are identical with the five elements1 namely1 the earth1 ether1 fire1 air and water 7#dj74 ,o gods1 the seven ,rishis1 along with all these saints1 are chanting with celestial and becoming hymns thy glories 7#da74 ,rise up1 ,o thou of great effulgence1 ,o thou having a navel of a lotus of a hundred petals1 some important work of the gods requires thee 7#db74 ,vaishampyana said3--,having lessened the quantity of water and dispelled darkness ,hrishikesha rose up shining in his great beauty 7#dc74 ,he saw there all the gods assembled along with the ,grand-,father1 greatly aggrieved for the world and desirous of speaking something to him 7#dd74 ,the ,lord ,nryana1 with eyes relieved of exhaustion by sleep1 addressed to them words fraught with sound reasoning and far-sightedness 7#de74 ,vishnu said3--,where have you got your quarrel1 ,o gods8 ,from whom does your fear proceed8 ,who feels a necessity and for what8 ,and haw can ,i help you 7#df78 ,has any calamity befallen the world through the ,dnavas8 ,have men met with any misfortune on account of their weakness8 ,i wish to know all this without any delay 7#dg74 ,having renounced my most excellent bed ,i stand amongst the ,brahmavdins for encompassing your well-being4 ,what can ,i do for you 7#dh78 ,this is an allegorical account of ,vishnu's ,samadhi or devout meditation4 ,thus engaged in ,samadhi4 ,the meaning is that the creation of the universe is carried on by ,brahm4 ,all the changes1 that are manifest in the world1 are his works4 ,and this creation is the outcome of his desire4 ,he first cherishes the desire and then engages in the work of creation4 ,the quality of darkness4 ,the meaning of the passage is that when ,vishnu1 possessed by the desire of creation1 is engaged in meditating upon his own true form4 ,when ,satwa1 or the quality of goodness1 reigns supreme in him1 he absolutely retires from the work of creation and when he is possessed by the desire of creation the quality of ,tamas or darkness predominates in him4 ,the origin of this desire in him is the root of creation1 for the whole universe before us is the outcome of his will4 ,according to the ,hindu mythology the work of creation and dissolution is perpetually going on1 ,and each of these work is dependant on the pure and absolute will of the ,lord4 ,when ,vishnu1 the ,supreme ,lord1 happens to cherish a desire for creation he engages in meditating upon his true form4 ,thus meditation is allegorically represented as his sleep4 ,from this meditation proceeds ,brahm who is to make arrangements for this great work4 ,but he is dependant on the will of the ,lord4 ,brahm next creates the ,patriarchs who are to be the originators of the various families4 ,,chapter ,,li4 ,,the ,,proposal ,,of ,,relieving ,,the ,,earth ,,of ,,her ,,burden4 ,vaishampayana said3--,hearing these words of ,vishnu1 ,brahm1 the ,grand-,father of all1 gave vent to words fraught with the well-being of gods 7#a74 ,there is no fear1 from the ,asuras1 of the gods whom you give protection by becoming their leader in various battles 7#b74 ,when you yourself1 the slayer of your enemies1 and the king of gods1 are crowned with victory1 what fear do men1 engaged in religious observances1 cherish 7#c78 ,truthful and pious men are always freed from ills4 ,death cannot prematurely visit the pious 7#d74 ,enjoying their sixth portion1 the kings1 the foremost of men1 do not fear one another 7#e74 ,doing good to their subjects and realizing duly tributes from their tributary kings without being blamed by them1 they fill up their treasuries with wealth 7#f74 ,meting out mild punishment and being forbearing they govern their respective prosperous provinces and protect the four ,varnas 7#g74 ,without creating disturbance amongst their subjects and being adored well by their ministers and protected by the four divisions of army they are enjoying the six means 7#h74 ,they are all well-versed in the science of archery1 observant of the ,vedic rites and they all worship the gods with sacrifices accompanied by profuse gifts 7#i74 ,having performed the ceremony of initiation and studied the ,vedas they propitiate the great saints with chastity in thought1 words and deeds and the ancestral manes1 hundreds of times1 with holy ,srddhas 7#aj74 ,there is no such object in the world1 ,vedic1 customary1 and scriptural that is not known to them 7#aa74 ,believing in the great ,brahman1 all those kings1 effulgent like the great ,rishis1 are endeavouring to bring back the golden age 7#ab74 ,by their power ,vsava is pouring good showers1 and the winds1 with dust removed1 are duly blowing in the ten quarters 7#ac74 ,the earth is freed of all the evil portends and the planets are ranging at ease in the sky4 ,united with the stars the moon is beautifully moving about in the sky 7#ad74 ,the sun1 that produces regular successions1 is moving in its two paths4 ,being propitiated by various oblations the fire has become sweet scented 7#ae74 ,the sacrifices being thus duly undertaken and multiplied the entire world is propitiated and men cherish no fear of death 7#af74 ,the earth has been oppressed by the power of those powerful kings of brilliant fame following one another 7#ag74 ,the earth1 exhausted with this weight and assailed by the kings1 has come before us like a boat on the verge of being drowned 7#ah74 ,oppressed by the kings resembling the fire of dissolution and having the mountains shaken and the oceans agitated the earth is repeatedly perspiring 7#ai74 ,with the body1 energy1 strength and the extensive territories of the ,kshatriyas the earth is ever enjoying peace 7#bj74 ,in every city the king is surrounded by ten millions of soldiers2 in every kingdom1 hundreds and thousands of villages are growing prosperous and the earth has been completely covered with thousands of kings1 their powerful army and millions of villages 7#ba-bb74 ,placing before her the ,time1 freed of all diseases and being shorn of energy the ,earth has come to my house4 ,o ,vishnu1 thou art her most excellent refuge 7#bc74 ,this ,earth1 the land of human actions1 has been greatly assailed4 ,it behoves thee to do that by which the eternal ,earth1 the stay of the universe1 may not suffer deterioration 7#bd74 ,o ,madhusudana1 great is the iniquity in oppressing her1 since on her being assailed all the works of the humanity will come to a close and the universe will fare ill 7#be74 ,being oppressed by the kings the earth has become evidently exhausted4 ,renouncing her firmness and natural forbearance she has grown impatient 7#bf74 ,we have heard her history4 ,thou hast listened to it also4 ,we shall therefore consult with thee for relieving her of her load 7#bg74 ,wending righteous ways all these kings are multiplying their territories4 ,amongst men the three other ,varna are following the ,brhmanas 7#bh74 ,all the words are truthful1 all the ,varnas are observing their respective duties1 all the ,brhmanas are studying the ,vedas and all other men are devoted to ,brhmanas 7#bi74 ,thus exist men in the world who are the instruments of righteousness4 ,let such practices be observed by which virtue may not suffer deterioration 7#cj74 ,this earth is the goal of the pious and none else4 ,virtue is the most excellent object they should endeavour to secure4 ,therefore to relieve the earth of her burden it is meet to destroy the kings4 ,therefore1 ,o great one1 come with us to hold a consultation4 ,with the earth before us let us go to the summit of the mount ,meru 7#ca-cb74 ,having said this1 ,o foremost of kings1 the self-controlled ,grand ,father of all1 ,brahm1 of great effulgence1 began to take rest with the earth 7#cc74 ,the six acts of a king1 in his military character1 are peace1 war1 marching1 halting1 sowing dissension and seeking protection4 ,,chapter ,,lii4 ,,the ,,assembly ,,of ,,the ,,gods4 ,vaishampayana said3--,saying 'so be it' the ,lord1 having the hue of a cloud and voice like its muttering in an unfair day1 went away with the gods like a mountain covered with clouds 7#a74 ,at that time ,hari1 having a dark-blue person1 put on shining matted locks crested with jems and pearls like a cloud with the moon 7#b74 ,on his spacious breast1 the hairs whereof stood erect1 there was the mystic mark of ,srivatsa 7#c74 ,wearing two pieces of yellow raiment that eternal ,hari1 the preceptor of the world1 looked like a mountain covered with evening clouds 7#d74 ,when he began to proceed on the back of ,garuda the ,lotus-born ,deity 7,brahm7 and the gods1 having their eyes fixed on him1 began to follow him 7#e74 ,having reached the jewelled mountain in no time they saw the assembly hall built after their own hearts 7#f74 ,it was built on the summit of the mount ,sumeru1 and was effulgent like the sun4 ,its pillars were made of gold and its gateways were crested with diamonds4 ,it contained diverse paintings on account of its being constructed by the mind and hundreds of cars4 ,its windows were covered with the jewelled nets4 ,it could go any where at will and was embellished with jems4 ,it was filled with many sorts of jewels and flowers made of various metals4 ,that celestial assembly hall1 filled with celestial illusion1 was constructed by ,viswakarmn 7#g-i74 ,all the gods1 with delighted minds1 sat duly on the seats properly assigned to each of them1 in that auspicious assembly hall 7#aj74 ,they sat on cars1 seats1 ,bhadrsanas1 ,pithas1 and seats of ,kutha 7#aa74 ,thereupon at the command of ,brahm1 the wind ,prabhanjana began to patrol on all sides of the assembly hall so that there might not arise any sound 7#ab74 ,when everything was silent and calm in that assembly of the gods the ,earth plaintively began to address them in piteous accounts 7#ac74 ,the ,earth said3--,o god1 do thou uphold me4 ,by thee the whole universe has been sustained4 ,thou art protecting the creatures and three worlds 7#ad74 ,whatever thou dost sustain by thy energy and strength1 ,i do afterwards hold it by thy favour 7#ae74 ,whatever thou dost hold ,i do hold it and whatever thou dost not sustain ,i too do not keep it4 ,there is no element in the universe which thou canst not sustain 7#af74 ,o lord ,nryana1 at various cycles thou dost relieve me of my burthen for the behoof of the world 7#ag74 ,being possessed by thy energy ,i have gone to the region underneath4 ,o foremost of gods1 ,i am at thy mercy4 ,do thou save me 7#ah74 ,i have been assailed by the wicked ,dnavas and ,rkshasas4 ,thou art my eternal saviour and ,i am always at thy mercy 7#ai74 ,i know it for hundred times that as long as ,i shall not seek refuge with ,nryana who relieves me of all loads so long ,i shall be under the influence of a mighty fear 7#bj74 ,before agriculture1 merchandise and other means of livelihood were instituted by the lotus-sprung ,brahm1 in the days of yore1 ,i was reduced in dimension4 ,binding me two great ,asuras1 made of earth1 were born before 7#ba74 ,while this high-souled ,vishnu was sleeping in the mighty deep they originated from the dirt of his ears and remained like two logs of wood 7#bb74 ,despatched by the ,grand-,father1 air1 in the shape of vital breath1 entered into the body of those two ,dnavas4 ,thereupon covering the sky those two great ,asuras began to grow up 7#bc74 ,brahma gradually touched them both who were gifted with vital breaths4 ,one of them appeared to be soft and the other hard 7#bd74 ,the water-born ,lord ,brahm then gave them names4 ,the one1 who was soft1 was named ,madhu and the other1 who was hard1 was called ,kaitava 7#be74 ,when those two ,daityas were thus named they1 elated with the pride of their strength and being fearless1 began to range in the world converted into one sheet of water1 seeking battle 7#bf74 ,beholding them thus approach ,brahm1 the grand-father of all1 disappeared in the water of the universal ocean 7#bg74 ,the four-mouthed grand-father desired to live secretly in the lotus sprung from the navel of the lotus-navelled ,vishnu 7#bh74 ,when ,nryana's grand-sons1 ,madhu and ,kaitava thus lived in the water1 they1 living there for many long years1 were not the least agitated 7#bi74 ,thereupon after many years1 those two demons1 ,madhu and ,kaitava1 came where ,brahm was stationed 7#cj74 ,beholding those two dreadful1 huge-bodied and irrepressible ,dnavas1 ,brahm1 with the stalk of the lotus1 disturbed ,nryana4 ,thereat the highly-effulgent lotus-navelled ,deity rose up from his bed 7#ca74 ,at that time the three worlds were covered with water and so in that one sheet of water there took place a terrible encounter between ,nryana and ,madhu and ,kaitava 7#cb74 ,that dreadful battle continued for thousand years and those two ,dnavas did not experience least exhaustion in the encounter 7#cc74 ,after a long time those two ,dnavas1 dreadful in battle1 with a delighted heart1 said to the ,lord ,nryana4 ,we have been greatly pleased with fighting with thee4 ,thou art our most desirable death4 ,do thou bring about our destruction at a place on earth which is not filled with water 7#cd-ce74 ,o foremost of gods1 slain by thee we shall become thy sons who vanquishes us in battle 7#ce74 ,catching these two demons with his arms in battle ,nryana assailed them4 ,thereat ,madhu and ,kaitava met with death 7#cg74 ,thus killed those two ,dityas were saturated with water4 ,their two bodies were then fused into one4 ,and then churned by the waves of the water they began to discharge fat4 ,the water was covered with fat4 ,o sinless one1 thereupon they disappeared and the ,lord ,nryana again engaged in the work of creation 7#ch-ci74 ,on account of my being covered with the fat of the demons ,madhu and ,kaitava ,i have passed by the name of ,medini4 ,i have become the eternal universe by the power of the lotus-navelled deity 7#dj74 ,again assuming the form of a boar in the presence of the ,muni ,mrkandeya the ,lord raised me up from the water with one tusk 7#da74 ,again at another time before your fiery presence the powerful ,vishnu released me from the ,daitya chief ,bali 7#db74 ,now being oppressed and having none to protect me ,i have sought refuge with the ,lord of the universe ,gaddhara who is ever fond of his votaries 7#dc74 ,fire is the cause of gold1 the sun is the cause of stars and so ,nryana is my support 7#dd74 ,i am alone holding this universe consisting of mobile and immobile creations4 ,and ,gdadhara is supporting all these held by me 7#de74 ,desirous of relieving me of my burden ,jamadagni's son ,rma1 out of anger1 divested me1 for twenty-one times1 of the ,kshatriyas 7#df74 ,raising up a pillar of victory1 ,bhrigu's son ,rma propitiated me with royal blood at the obsequial rites of his father and then communicated it to ,kashyapa 7#dg74 ,filled with a bad stench coming out of fat1 flesh and bones and saturated with the blood of the ,kshatriyas ,i appeared before ,kashyapa like a youthful damsel in her course 7#dh74 ,the ,brhmana saint ,kashyapa then said to me3--,o earth1 why art thou so depressed8 ,why dost thou1 being the wife of a hero1 observe the vow of humiliation 7#di74 ,thereat ,i said to ,kashyapa1 the ,patriarch of the world3--,o ,brhman1 the great ,bhrgava has killed all my husbands 7#ej74 ,i have been divested of all the powerful ,kshatriyas who live on arms1 and have lost my husband4 ,i do not wish to carry on me empty cities 7#ea74 ,therefore1 ,o ,reverend ,sir1 confer upon me such a king as will be able to protect me abounding in villages and cities and engarlanded by oceans 7#eb74 ,hearing my words the ,omnipotent ,lord said ,let it be so4 ,thereupon he gave me away to ,manu1 the king of men 7#ec74 ,thereupon obtaining the god-like kings of the ,ikshku race1 originating from ,manu1 ,i1 under the influence of powerful time1 passed from the hands of one king to those of another 7#ed74 ,when the ,lord bestowed me upon the intelligent ,manu1 the king of men1 many kings1 born in the families of great saints1 ruled over me 7#ee74 ,having conquered me many heroic ,kshatriyas have gone to the celestial region4 ,under the influence of time they have disappeared in me 7#ef74 ,the powerful ,kshatriyas1 ever victorious in battle1 fought for me in this world with one another and they have been still fighting even now 7#eg74 ,this is the end of destiny despatched by thee4 ,if thou hast commisseration for me1 if thou dost wish to relieve me of my burden do thou organise a war for the destruction of the kings for the behoof of the world4 ,may the beautiful holder of discus alone grant me protection 7#eh-ei74 ,may ,nryana command me to whom ,i have come for help oppressed with a load1 if he thinks proper to relieve me of it 7#fj74 ,he was the architect of the gods4 ,most excellent seat4 ,the seat of the religious student made properly of ,kusa grass4 ,a kind of tree4 ,,chapter ,,liii4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,santanu',s ,,family4 ,vaishampayana said3--,thereupon hearing the words of the earth and thinking minutely on her object the gods said to the grand-father 7#a74 ,o ,lord1 thou hast created the bodies of all creatures4 ,thou art the lord of all the worlds4 ,do thou therefore relieve the earth of her load4 ,o lord1 if thou dost wish to accomplish the object of the earth in this her calamity do thou1 without delay1 ascertain the duties of ,mahendra1 ,yama1 ,varuna1 the king of riches1 ,nryana1 the moon1 the sun1 the air1 the ,aditys1 the ,vasus1 the ,rudras1 the ,patriarchs of the world1 the celestial physicians1 the ,aswinis1 of the ,sddhyas1 of ,vrihaspati1 preceptor ,sukra1 of ,kla1 of ,kali1 of ,maheswara1 of ,krtikeya1 of ,yakshas1 ,rkshasas1 ,gandharvas1 ,chranas1 great serpents1 of birds1 huge mountains and oceans consisting of great waves of rivers headed by ,gang 7#b-h74 ,o grand-father1 how shall we send down our portions8 ,let us create bodies1 not born of any woman1 in the family of those kings who range in the sky1 in that of the kings who tread the earth and in that of courtier ,brhmanas and other princes 7#i-aj74 ,hearing this great resolution of the gods assembled together for one common cause the grand-father of all1 eulogised by the celestials1 said to them 7#aa74 ,o ye leading celestials1 ,i like very much your resolution4 ,do you create portions of your body on earth with your energy 7#ab74 ,ye are all leading celestials1 do ye1 with your energy1 descend on earth4 ,and acquiring the prosperity of the three worlds do you relieve the earth of her burden 7#ac74 ,listen to what ,i did in the days of yore for removing the load of her burden when ,i was informed of it 7#ad74 ,in the days of yore ,i was seated on the western bank of the eastern ocean along with my grand-son the great ,kashyapa 7#ae74 ,i was describing various themes relating to the ,vedas described before1 as well as many other episodes of the ,purnas 7#af74 ,while ,i was thus discoursing1 you all1 accompanied by ,maruts and the ocean and ,gang in their forms1 came to me 7#ag74 ,with rushing waves1 clad in a variegated raiment of acquatic animals1 with a body shining with shells and pearls1 adorned with corals and jewels1 accompanied by the moon and roaring like a cloud surcharged with water1 the ocean1 as if vanquishing me1 came to its bank4 ,and throwing up its salt waters he greatly distressed that place 7#ah-bj74 ,when the ocean was about to assail that place with his water ,i said to him in angry words 'be quiet' 7#ba74 ,no sooner ,i said 'be quiet' than he assumed a form4 ,and with all his waves stilled he shone there in right regal grace 7#bb74 ,desirous of encompassing your well-being and relieving the earth of her burden ,i imprecated a curse on the ocean and ,gang1 saying ',o ocean1 since you have come in a regal form1 go1 you will be a king4 ,performing many feats with your own power on earth1 you will be born in the race of the great ,bharata and be a protector of men4 ,although impatient you assumed a form as soon as ,i asked you to be quiet4 ,therefore gifted with a beautiful person you will be celebrated on earth by the name of ,shntanu4 ,and this foremost of rivers1 ,gang1 of unblemished limbs and expansive eyes1 will go to you in a beautiful form 7#bc-bg7'4 ,when ,i said this1 the ocean1 being depressed at heart1 looked at me4 ,he said ',o ,lord1 ,o god of gods1 why dost thou imprecate a curse on me8 ,i always obey thy commands4 ,i have been made by thee and am always under thy protection4 ,i am therefore thy son4 ,why hast thou then cursed me in unbecoming words8 7#bh-bi74 ,o lord1 by thy favour1 my waves increased with the tides and so ,i was agitated4 ,o ,brhman1 how am ,i to blame for this8 7#cj74 ,if during that time thou hast been touched by water thrown up by the wind1 what reason is there for thy imprecating a curse on me 7#ca78 ,i was agitated by three-fold instruments namely the blowing wind1 the increasing cloud and ,parva accompanied by the moon 7#cb74 ,o ,brahman1 if ,i have committed any offence for these three instruments set to work by thee it behoves thee to forgive me and let there be an end of this curse 7#cc74 ,if dost thou find any evidence1 ,o lord of gods1 do thou show me mercy who have been depressed by a curse for no offence of mine 7#cd74 ,o lord1 by thy command1 this ,gang will descend on earth4 ,i am guilty but thou shouldst show mercy on this innocent one 7#ce74' ,thereupon ,i said in sweet accents to the great ocean who had been terrified and moved by the curse of the gods who were innocent of the cause thereof4 ',o you of great mind1 ,o lord of rivers1 be thou at ease1 do not fear1 ,i have been propitiated with thee1 ,listen now to the future object of this imprecation 7#cf-cg74 ,o lord1 renouncing this thy ocean body1 go to the race of ,bharata4 ,then1 ,o great ocean1 ,o great king1 you will be enveloped with regal grace4 ,there1 ,o lord of waters1 you will govern the four ,varnas and be pleased 7#ch-ci74 ,and assuming1 a beautiful form of a woman1 this ,gang1 the foremost of rivers1 will serve you 7#dj74 ,sporting with ,jnhavi1 by my command you will not experience human miseries 7#da74 ,o ocean1 be you soon united with ,gang in wed-lock and carry out my command 7#db74 ,exiled from the celestial region the ,vasus have entered the ,rastala4 ,i appoint you for procreating them 7#dc74 ,let ,jnhavi1 for having offspring1 conceive those eight ,vasus who are effulgent like fire and increase the joy of the celestials 7#dd74 ,having procreated the ,vasus1 multiplied the ,kuru race and cast off your human body1 you will1 in no time1 assume your ocean body' 7#de74 ,o foremost of gods1 thus in the days yore beholding the future burden of the earth1 ,i sowed the seeds of ,shntanu's race for your well-being in which have been born the ,vasus who live in the celestial region 7#df-dg74 ,even now in the celestial region exists ,gang's son ,bhishma as the eighth ,vasu4 ,the seven other ,vasus have repaired to their respective regions and only ,vishnu is now living 7#dh74 ,the king ,shntanu begat on his second wife the highly effulgent and powerful king ,vichitravirya 7#di74 ,the two sons of ,vichitravirya were the two famous kings of the world ,dhritarstra and ,pndu1 the two foremost of men 7#ej74 ,of them ,pndu had two beautiful and youthful wives4 ,the first was named ,kunti and the second was named ,mdri4 ,and both of them were like the wives of the celestials 7#ea74 ,dhritarshtra had one wife1 by name ,gndhri1 who1 by stead-fastly serving her husband1 became celebrated in the world 7#eb74 ,herein that house will be divided into two hostile parties and a terrible dissension will take place amongst the sons of those two kings 7#ec74 ,on account of the internal dissensions of these kings all the royal families will be destroyed4 ,a terrible fear1 like the hour of universal dissolution will then prevail 7#ed74 ,when all the kings1 with their armies1 will be slain by one another the cities and kingdoms will be shorn of their inhabitants and ,earth will enjoy relief 7#ee74 ,i have read in the ,puranas that in the end of the ,dwpara ,yuga1 all the kings1 with their armies1 will be destroyed by weapons4 ,then ,ashwathama1 a portion incarnate of ,sankara1 with the fire of weapon1 will consume the remnant of humanity in battle lying unconscious1 at night1 in sleep 7#ef-eg74 ,when that one of cruel deeds1 the like of death himself1 will desist1 this story relating to the the ,dwpara ,yuga1 will come to a close 7#eh74 ,when ,ashwathm1 a portion of ,siva1 will disappear1 the dreadful ,kali ,yuga of ,maheswara will set in 7#ei74 ,in this ,yuga people will perpetrate many iniquities and there will flourish only a portion of virtue4 ,truth will disappear and falsehood will be stored up 7#fj74 ,in this ,yuga1 people will worship only ,maheswara and ,skanda2 old and long-lived men will not exist on the earth 7#fa74 ,i have thus described the most excellent annihilation of the kings of this world4 ,therefore1 ,o ye celestials1 descend on earth1 without delay in your respective portions 7#fb74 ,let ,kunti and ,madri conceive portions of ,dharma and let ,gandhri conceive ,kali the instrument of all dissensions 7#fc74 ,these kings1 urged on by destiny1 will form two parties and being desirous of securing the earth1 will seek a war 7#fd74 ,let ,earth1 who upholds all the worlds1 enter into her own native source4 ,this sacred and well-known means of the kings is thus created 7#fe74 ,hearing the words of the ,grand-father ,earth with ,kla went away happily for encompassing the destruction of the kings 7#ff74 ,thereupon ,brahm despatched the gods for slaying their enemies4 ,the ancient ,rishi ,nara the 7,serpent7 ,sesha1 that upholds the earth1 ,sanatkumr1 the ,sadhyas1 ,agni1 and other gods1 ,varuna1 the ,vasus1 the sun1 the moon1 the ,gandharvas1 the ,apsaras1 the ,rudras1 the ,viswas1 the two ,aswinis all descended on earth in their respective portions 7#fg-fi74 ,as described by me before the incarnations of the portions of gods1 those foremost of ,purushas were born1 through women or otherwise1 on earth as the destroyers of the ,daityas and ,dnavas4 ,some of them multiplied their families like fig-trees4 ,and some of them were hard-bodied like thunder-bolts 7#gj-ga74 ,some of them were endued with the strength of a million of elephants4 ,some of them were powerful like mighty currents and some were capable of handling clubs1 ,parighas and other weapons 7#gb74 ,all of them were capable of striking with the summits of the mountains4 ,hundreds and thousands of men1 having arms like ,parighas1 were born in the race of ,vrishnis4 ,and the gods were born in the races of ,kuru and ,panchala as kings4 ,there were born in the prosperous family of ,yadus and those of ,brhmanas many sacrificers of pious deeds1 well read in the scriptures1 mighty bow-men1 observant of ,vedic rituals and endued with prosperity and accomplishments 7#gc-ge74 ,whenever angry they could shake the mountains1 the rivers1 the surface of the earth1 rise up in the sky and agitate the mighty deep 7#gf74 ,having thus commanded the gods the ,grand-father ,brahm1 the master of present1 past1 and future1 consigned all the worlds to ,nryana and attained peace 7#gg74 ,listen again to what the ,omnipotent ,nryana1 ,vishnu1 of sacred fame1 the lord of wealth and life1 did for the behoof of creatures after incarnating himself on earth and taking birth in the family of the intelligent ,vasudeva1 the descendant of ,yayti 7#gh-gi74 ,,chapter ,,liv4 ,,the ,,birth ,,of ,,the ,,daityas4 ,vaishampayana said3--,after ,nryana1 on his being successful1 had repaired to a house on the earth becoming his position1 after the gods had incarnated their portions in the race of ,bharata1 after the portions of ,dharma1 ,indra1 ,pavana1 the celestial physicians the two ,aswinis1 and the sun had descended on earth1 after the priest1 of the gods1 had come down on earth1 in a portion of his1 after the eighth portion of ,vasus had come down on earth1 after the portion of ,death1 ,kali had been on earth1 after the portion of ,sukra1 ,varuna1 ,sankara1 ,mitra1 ,kuvera1 ,gandharvas1 ,uragas and ,yakshas had come down earth ,nrada came out of a portion of ,nryana's energy 7#a-f74 ,he was effulgent like fire1 had eyes like the rising sun and had huge and all-spreading matted locks4 ,he wore a raiment white like the rays of the moon and was adorned with golden ornaments 7#g74 ,he carried a big ,vina like a female companion always confined in room1 had an antelope skin thrown on his body and a sacred thread made of gold4 ,with a staff and ,kamandalu in his hands he appeared like second ,sakra 7#h74 ,that great sage always used to pick up quarrels1 was learned1 well-read in ,gandharva-,veda and was capable of deciphering the secret cause of dissensions in this world4 ,that ,brhmana used to create enemies of his own accord and was like the second ,kali himself4 ,that great ,muni was the first speaker in the land of gods and ,gandharvas1 was the chanter of the four ,vedas and was the reciter of the first ,rik4 ,that immortal sage ,nrada1 ever ranging in the region of ,brahm1 with a depressed heart said to ,vishnu in the midst of the assembled gods4 ,o ,nryana1 useless have been the incarnations of the gods for the destruction of the kings 7#i-ac74 ,o lord of the celestial region1 thyself existing here1 this dissension of the kings will be productive of no fruit4 ,methinks their work cannot be accomplished without ,nryana's ,yoga 7#ad74 ,o god of gods1 thou art wise and observant of the true essence of things4 ,it has not been proper for thee to institute such a work for the earth 7#ae74 ,thou art the vision of the eyes and the lord of the powerful4 ,thou art the foremost of the ,yogins and the refuge of all 7#af74 ,beholding the incarnation of the gods on earth why didst not thou send1 first of all1 a portion of thy energy to relieve the earth of her burden8 7#ag74 ,making thee their help1 and being identical with and guided by thee all the gods will swim on this earth from one action to another 7#ah74 ,i have therefore hastened to the presence of these assembled gods to send thee1 ,o ,vishnu2 hear the reason thereof 7#ai74 ,o ,nryana1 hear of the movements of those ,daityas who1 amongst many that had been slain by thee in the war of which ,trak was the root1 have gone to the face of the earth 7#bj74 ,there is a delightful city on the face of the earth by name ,mathur4 ,it is situate on the bank of ,yamun and abounds in many prosperous1 villages4 ,there was a great ,dnava1 irrepressible in battle1 by name ,madhu4 ,he was highly powerful and a terror to all creatures 7#ba-bb74 ,there was a vast and dreadful forest by name ,madhu abounding in huge trees where he used to live formerly 7#bc74 ,the great ,dnava ,lavana was ,madhu's son4 ,he was gifted with profuse strength and was a terror to all creatures 7#bd74 ,sporting there for many years1 that ,dnava1 elated with pride1 terrorized all the gods and others 7#bf74 ,when the pious son of ,dasharatha1 ,rma1 a terror to the ,rkshasas1 was ruling in ,ayodhya1 that ,dnava1 eulogised by all the ,daityas1 repaired to a dreadful forest4 ,lavana despatched to ,rma1 a harsh-speeched emissary4 ,he said ',o ,rma1 ,i am living near your territory4 ,the ,dnava ,lavana is your enemy4 ,the kings do not wish to have a powerful enemy 7#bf-bh74 ,a king1 who seeks the well-being of his subjects1 observes his royal duties and wishes to multiply his territories and riches1 should always defeat his enemies 7#bi74 ,that king1 desirous of pleasing his subjects1 who has his hairs wet with the water of installation1 should first of all conquer his senses1 for mastery over senses is the sure victory 7#cj71 ,the king1 who wishes to keep his position always intact and strong1 should instruct his men in moral laws for there is no other preceptor like him to the people 7#ca74 ,if when placed in the midst of dangers and vices1 an intelligent king strengthens himself by his army he is not to entertain any fear of his enemies 7#cb74 ,all men are killed by their senses1 the powerful enemies born with them4 ,an impatient king is slain by the false notion of good done to them by their enemies 7#cc74 ,on account of your wife1 you have1 out of foolish attachment1 killed ,rvana with his army4 ,i do not consider that sinful action of yours as great and becoming 7#cd74 ,living in a forest and observing a vow you have killed a mean ,rakshasa4 ,such a conduct is not seen in the pious 7#ce74 ,virtue1 begotten of forbearance1 takes the pious to an auspicious and righteous station4 ,out of ignorance you have killed ,rvana and honoured the forest ranging ,vanaras 7#cf74 ,indeed ,rvana is blessed1 since you1 while observing a vow1 killed him in battle for your wife1 in pursance of the conduct of ordinary men 7#cg74 ,that wicked-minded ,rvana1 who has not controlled his senses1 has been killed by you in battle4 ,you are therefore capable of fighting4 ,come and fight with me to-day' 7#ch74 ,hearing those words of that harsh-speeched emissary1 ,rma1 out of forbearance1 smilingly said to him3--',o ,emissary1 what you have said1 out of honor to that night-ranger1 is unfair1 since you have been blaming me and considering yourself at ease 7#ci-dj74 ,what is there to blame1 if1 wending the ways of righteousness1 ,i have been stupified1 if ,rvana has been slain and my wife has been carried away 7#da71 ,the virtuous1 always following the ways of morality1 do not blame others even with their words4 ,as the ,god is always awake for the pious1 ,he is equally so for the wicked 7#db71 ,you have done what is the duty of a messenger4 ,go now and make no delay4 ,persons like me do not hurt the mean3 who are fond of making too much of themselves 7#dc74 ,here is my younger brother ,satrughna1 the repressor of enemies in battle4 ,he will wait for that wicked-minded demon 7#dd74' ,thus addressed by ,rma and commanded by that king that messenger set out with ,satrughna4 ,ascending upon a quick-coursing car1 ,sumitra's son ,satrughna repaired to the huge forest of ,madhu and desirous of entering into a battle pitched a tent there 7#de-df74 ,thereupon hearing the words of that messenger the demon ,lavana was beside himself with anger4 ,leaving behind the ,madhu forest he started for battle4 ,then there took place a terrible encounter between ,satrughna and ,lavana4 ,they were both heroic and mighty bowmen4 ,both of them struck each other with sharpened arrows4 ,none of them fled back from the battle-field and none of them felt himself tired 7#dg-di74 ,thereupon greatly assailed in battle by ,satrughna's shafts the ,dnava ,lavana met with discomfiture for he had not his mace with him 7#ej74 ,afterwards taking up a celestial ,sankhusha1 that was given to him as a boon and was capable of grinding all creatures1 ,lavana began to shout in the battle 7#ea74 ,he caught of hold ,satrughna's turban with it and began to draw in ,rghava's younger brother 7#eb74 ,thereat taking up a most excellent dagger having a golden handle ,satrughna cut off with it ,lavana's head in that great battle 7#eb74 ,having slain that demon ,lavana in battle1 that heroic son of ,sumitra1 who gives delight to his friends1 cleared off his forest with his weapons 7#ed74 ,having cleared that forest that pious son of ,sumitr1 ,satrughna1 built a city there for the well-being of that province and desired to live there4 ,having killed1 in the days of yore1 the demon ,lavana in ,mudhu forest ,setrughna built a city there by name ,mathur 7#ee-ef74 ,that great city was adorned with walls1 gate ways and doors4 ,it contained many villages1 high buildings and gardens4 ,its boundaries were well laid and it was beautifully built4 ,the walls were very high4 ,the ditches were like the ornament that a woman uses round her waist4 ,the buildings1 made of stone and bricks1 were like ,keyuras4 ,beautiful palaces were like the ear-rings4 ,the well-protected gates were like the veils and the prominades were like smiles4 ,it contained many healthy heroes1 elephants1 horses and cars4 ,it resembled a crescent and was situate on the bank of ,yamuna4 ,it contained beautiful markets and was proud of her collection of jems4 ,the fields there were full of corns4 ,the king of gods 7,indra7 used to pour showers in proper season4 ,men and women there were always delightful4 ,the highly powerful king ,surasena1 born in the race of ,bhojas1 reigned there4 ,he was powerful like ,mahsena and was celebrated by the name of ,ugrasena 7#eg-fc74 ,he whom thou hast killed1 ,o ,vishnu1 is his son4 ,the ,daitya1 by name ,klanemi1 whom thou didst slay in the battle of which ,traka was the root1 is born as ,kansa1 and is the scion of the ,bhoja race4 ,that king1 who treads like a lion1 is celebrated in the world 7#fd-fe74 ,he is a terror to all the kings of the world and a dread to all creatures4 ,he is always beyond the path of righteousness 7#ff74 ,he is highly persevering and ruthless4 ,he is so very haughty to his subjects that seeing him their hairs stand erect 7#fg74 ,he never observes his royal duties and is never a source of pleasure to his own men4 ,he never does any good to his kingdom and behaves always like a tyrant 7#fh74 ,he1 who was vanquished by thee in ,traka battle1 is now born as ,kansa in the ,bhoja race4 ,that one1 living on meat1 is oppressing all the worlds1 with his demonaic heart 7#fi74 ,he1 who was like a horse and known by the name1 ,hayagriva1 is born as ,keshi the youngest brother of ,kansa 7#gj74 ,that wicked bodiless demon with manes1 neighing like a horse1 is now living alone in ,vrindvana4 ,he lives on human flesh 7#ga74 ,bali's son ,aristha is born as the great ,asura ,kakudmi1 capable of assuming forms of his own accord4 ,adopting the form of a bull he has become an enemy of the kine 7#gb74 ,diti's son ,ristha1 the foremost of ,danavas1 is born as ,kansa's elephant 7#gc74 ,that dreadful demon ,lamva is born as ,pralamva4 ,he is living under a fig-tree by name ,bhandara 7#gd74 ,that demon1 who was known by the name of ,khara1 is born as the dreadful ,asura ,dhanuka4 ,living in the forest of palm-trees he is making a havoc of creatures 7#ge74 ,those two foremost of ,danavas1 by name ,varaha and ,kishora1 have been born as wrestlers ,chanuka and ,musthika who are always at the arena 7#gf74 ,those two ,danavas ,maya and ,tara1 who were like death even to the demons1 are now living in the city of ,bhumi's son ,naraka1 by name ,prgyotish 7#gg74 ,o ,nryana1 thou didst slay all these ,danavas and divest them of their forms4 ,assuming human bodies they are now oppressing the people of the world 7#gh74 ,they oppose the chanting of thy name and destroy thy votaries4 ,by thy favour only they will meet with destruction 7#gi74 ,in heaven they are afraid of thee1 in ocean they are afraid of thee and even on earth they afraid of thee4 ,there is no other source of fear to them 7#hj74 ,o ,sridhar1 thou dost slay the wicked ,dnavas2 none else can accomplish their destruction4 ,the ,daityas1 who are sent away from heaven1 find refuge on earth 7#ha74 ,o ,keshava1 thou being awake1 it is difficult for that demon to go again to heaven1 who1 on his being slain in the celestial region1 again rises up assuming a human body 7#hb74 ,therefore1 ,o ,nryana1 do thou come to the world4 ,we are also descending on earth4 ,do thou create your own self for the destruction of ,dnavas 7#hc74 ,the forms of thine1 which are not manifest1 are both visible and invisible to the celestials4 ,in those forms1 the gods1 created by thee1 shall descend on earth 7#hd74 ,o ,vishnu1 when thou shalt come down on earth1 ,kansa will not be able to reign and the object1 for which the earth has come1 will also be accomplished 7#he74 ,thou art the preceptor of all works in the land of ,bharata1 thou art the eye of all and the supreme refuge4 ,therefore1 ,o ,hrishikesha do thou come on earth and slay those wicked ,dnavas 7#hf74 ,dharma's incarnation was ,yudhishthira1 ,sakra's was ,arjuna and ,pavana's was ,bhimasena4 ,the two ,aswinis incarnated themselves as ,nakula and ,sahadeva4 ,the sun incarnated himself as ,karna1 the priest of the gods ,vrihaspati as ,drona1 the eighth ,vasu as ,bhishma1 death as ,vidura1 ,kali as ,duryodhana1 ,soma as ,abhimanyu1 ,sukra as ,bhurisrava1 ,varuna as ,srutayudha1 ,sankara as ,ashwathama1 ,mitra as ,kanika1 ,kuvera as ,dhritarashtra4 ,the ,gandharva and others incarnated themselves as ,ugrasena1 ,dushasana and others4 ,a stringed musical instrument4 ,a vessel to carry water4 ,the art of music4 ,this was the special gift of the ,gandharvas4 ,the usual practice is that at the time of installation sacred water is sprinkled on the head of a king4 ,the meaning is that who has gone through the ceremony of installation4 ,properly speaking they were not monkeys but a barbarous race living in a province of the ,southern ,india4 ,,chapter ,l4,v4 ,,vishnu',s ,,reply4 ,vaishampayana said3--,hearing the words of ,nrada the ,lord ,madhusudana1 the master of gods1 smilingly said in auspicious words 7#a73--,o ,nrada1 listen to a proper reply to all these words which you have addressed to me for the well-being of the three worlds 7#b74 ,it is known to me that all these ,dnavas1 assuming human forms1 have been born on earth 7#c74 ,i know too that ,kansa is born as the son of ,ugrasena on earth4 ,i know also that ,keshi is born as a horse 7#d74 ,i know also the elephant ,kuvalayapida1 the wrestlers ,chnura and ,mushthika and the demon ,arishtha in the shape of a bull 7#e74 ,khara and the great ,asura ,pralamva are also known to me4 ,bali's daughter ,putan is also well known to me 7#f74 ,i know also ,kliya who is living in the lake of ,yamun and who has entered there in fear of ,vinat's son 7#g74 ,i know also ,jarsandha who is the head of all kings2 and the demon ,naraka1 who is living in the city of ,prgyotish1 is also very well-known to me 7#h74 ,in the city of ,shonitpura on earth ,bna is born as a man4 ,that energetic and haughty demon1 of thousand arms1 is invincible even unto the gods4 ,i know also that the great charge of ,bhratvarsa lies with me 7#i-aj74 ,i know also how all these kings will disappear4 ,the destruction of those danavas1 in human forms1 who never come back from battle-field and the rejoicing of the region of ,sakra has also been seen by me 7#aa74 ,for myself and for others ,i shall enter into ,yoga4 ,going to the region of men and assuming a human form ,i shall bring about the destruction of all those mighty demons headed by ,kansa4 ,i shall slay him by that means by which he will enjoy peace 7#ab-ac74 ,by my ,yoga ,i shall resort to all these means4 ,it is my incumbent duty to destroy all those enemies of the gods in battle 7#ad74 ,i shall kill the foes of all those great ones who have sacrificed themselves on behalf of the earth1 of all those gods1 ,rishis and ,gandharvas who have come down on earth at my behest 7#ae74 ,o ,nrada1 ,i have already formed this resolution4 ,let the grand-father ,brahm make a house there for me 7#af74 ,o grand-father1 do thou relate to me1 how1 born in what country and living in what house ,i shall kill them 7#ag74 ,brahma said3--,o lord1 ,o ,nryana1 hear from me of that key to success and who your parents will be on earth 7#ah74 ,in order to glorify their family you will be born in the race of ,ydavas 7#ai74 ,eradicating these ,asuras for good and multiplying your great family you will establish the orders of mankind4 ,hear from me about this 7#bj74 ,o ,nryana1 in the days of yore1 in the great sacrifice of the high-souled ,varuna1 ,kashyapa stole away all the cows giving milk for the sacrifice 7#ba74 ,kashyapa had two wives1 ,aditi and ,surabhi who did not wish to accept the kine from ,varuna 7#bd74 ,thereupon coming to me and bowing with his head down ,varuna said ,o revered one1 the preceptor has stolen away all my kine 7#bc74 ,having accomplished his object1 even1 ,o father1 he has not ordered the return of those kine4 ,he is under the control of his two wives ,aditi and ,surabhi 7#bd74 ,o lord1 all those my kine give heavenly and eternal milk whenever wished4 ,protected by their own power they range in the seas 7#be74 ,they perpetually yeild milk like unto the ambrosia of gods4 ,save ,kashyapa there is none else who can charm them 7#bf74 ,o ,brahm1 a master1 a preceptor or whoever he may be if one goes astray thou dost control him4 ,thou art our supreme refuge 7#bg74 ,o preceptor of the world1 if punishment is not meted out to powerful persons who do not know their own work1 then the order of the world will not exist 7#bh74 ,thou art omnipotent and lord of all4 ,do thou give me my kine1 ,i will go then to the ocean 7#bi74 ,these kine are my soul--they are my endless strength4 ,of all thy creation the kine and the ,brhmanas are the eternal sources of energy 7#cj74 ,first of all the kine should be saved4 ,when they are saved they protect the ,brhmanas4 ,the world is upheld by the protection of the kine and ,brhmanas 7#ca74 ,o ,achyuta1 thus addressed by ,varuna1 the king of water1 and being truly informed of the pilfering of the kine ,i imprecated a curse on ,kashyapa 7#cb74 ,with that portion1 in which the high-souled ,kashyapa stole the kine1 he will be born as a milkman on earth 7#cc74 ,his two wives ,surabhi and ,aditi1 who are like pieces of wood for the birth of gods1 will also go with him 7#cd74 ,being born as a milkman with them he will live there happily4 ,that portion of ,kashyapa1 equally powerful like himself1 will pass by the name of ,vasudeva and will live amongst the kine on earth4 ,near ,mathur there is a mountain by name ,govardhana 7#ce-cf74 ,paying tribute to ,kansa he lives there being attached to kine4 ,his two wives ,aditi and ,surabhi are born as the two wives of ,vasudeva by name ,devaki and ,rohini4 ,being born there as a boy having all the characteristics of a milkman he there grew up as thou didst do before in thy form with three footsteps4 ,then covering thyself with the form 7of ,yoga71 ,o ,madhusudana1 do thou go there for the well-being of the world4 ,with exclamations of thy victory and benediction all these gods are welcoming thee4 ,descending on earth and taking thy birth from ,rohini and ,devaki do thou please them4 ,thousands of milk maids will also cover the earth 7#cg-db74 ,o ,vishnu1 when thou shalt range in the forest tending kine they will see thy beautiful form adorned with garlands of wild flowers 7#dc74 ,o thou having eyes like lotus petals1 ,o large-armed ,nryana1 when thou wilt go as a boy to the villages of milkmen all people will become boys 7#dd74 ,o thou having lotus eyes1 being milkmen with their minds devoted to thee all thy votaries will help thee2 tending kine in the forest1 running in pastures and bathing in the water of ,yamun they will acquire a great attachment for thee4 ,and ,vasudeva's life will be a blessed one 7#de-df74 ,thou wilt address him as thy father and he will address thee as his son4 ,save ,kashyapa whom else canst thou accept as thy father 7#dg78 ,o ,vishnu1 save ,aditi who else can conceive thee8 ,therefore by thy self-begotten ,yoga do thou proceed for victory1 ,o ,madhusudana4 ,we too repair to our respective habitations 7#dh74 ,vaishampyana said3--,having ordered the gods to repair to the celestial region the ,lord ,vishnu went to his own abode on the northern side of the ocean of milk 7#di74 ,in this quarter there is a cave of the mount ,sumeru difficult of being trodden1 which is worshipped with his three foot-steps during the solistice 7#fj74 ,having left there1 in the cave1 his old body the omnipotent and intelligent ,hari despatched his soul to the house of ,vasudeva 7#fa74 ,garuda who used to eat up serpents4 ,,chapter ,,lvi4 ,,kansa ,,is ,,informed ,,of ,,his ,,death ,,by ,,narada4 ,vaishampayana said3--,being informed of the descension of ,vishnu and of the portions of other gods1 the celestial saint ,nrada repaired to the city of ,mathur to communicate the future death of ,kansa 7#a74 ,coming down from the celestial region and arriving at the garden of ,mathur1 that foremost of ,munis sent a messenger to ,kansa1 the son of ,ugrasena 7#b74 ,he communicated the arrival of the ,muni at the garden4 ,hearing of the arrival of ,nrada1 that ,asura1 having lotus-like eyes1 speedily went out of his city4 ,he saw there his guest1 the praiseworthy ,brhmana saint ,nrada1 shorn of all sins1 powerful like the sun and effulgent like fire4 ,having bowed unto him and worshipped him duly he brought for him a golden seat shining like fire4 ,that ,muni1 the friend of ,sakra1 sat on that seat 7#c-f74 ,he then said to the highly wrathful son of ,ugrasena3--,o hero1 you have duly worshipped me with works laid down in the scriptures4 ,hear now and accept what ,i say4 ,o my son1 ranging in ,nandana and ,chaitraratha gardens1 in ,brahm and other celestial regions ,i arrived at the great mount ,sumeru1 the friend of the sun 7#g-i74 ,the gods also followed me4 ,having bathed in the holy water of all the sacred rivers ,i saw the celestial ,gang of three courses and streams1 who dissipates all sins as soon as she is recollected4 ,thereupon having bathed1 in order1 at all those sacred shrines ,i saw ,brahm's palace1 resorted to by the ,brhmana saints and filled with the music of the gods1 ,gandharvas and ,apsaras 7#aj-ab74 ,once on a time the ,grand-,father held a meeting of the gods on the summit of the mount ,sumeru4 ,i1 too1 taking up my ,vin1 set to tune1 came to that meeting of ,brahm and saw that the ,grand-,father and the gods1 adorned with white turbans and diverse jewels1 and seated on celestial seats1 were holding counsels 7#ac-ad74 ,o great king1 ,i heard there that they1 with their followers1 were concerting dreadful measures for your destruction 7#ae74 ,the child1 of the eighth conception of your youngest sister ,devaki who lives in ,mathur1 will be your death 7#af74 ,o hero1 it has been ascertained that your death will proceed from that self-born 7,vishnu7 who is the stay of heaven1 is the great mystery of the gods and is identical with all 7#ag71 ,o ,kansa1 to meet with death at the hands of that god of ,gods1 as has been settled upon1 is a matter of glory to you4 ,therefore remember him now4 ,try to destroy the conception of ,devaki and enjoy all your wealth and articles of pleasure4 ,i love you very much and therefore ,i have come here and described to you what took place on the summit of the mount ,sumeru4 ,i2 now leave you4 ,may you fare well 7#ag-bj74 ,vaishampyana said3--,after ,nrada had said this and gone away ,kansa1 meditating on his words1 began to laugh aloud with his lips open1 and smilingly said to his servants who were before him4 ,truly the gods make fun with ,narada and he has no knowledge of things 7#ba-bb74 ,even when ,i am seated on my throne1 asleep1 mad or intoxicated1 the gods headed by ,vsava cannot terrify me the least 7#bc74 ,who is there in the land of men who can dare make me angry8 ,i can even agitate the earth with these two my huge arms 7#bd74 ,from to-day ,i shall greatly oppress men1 beasts1 birds and all other creatures who follow the gods 7#be74 ,do ye issue this command to ,keshi1 in the shape of a horse1 ,pralamva1 ,dhenuka1 ,aristha1 in the form of a bull1 ,putan1 ,kaliya and other demons 7#bf74 ,assuming diverse forms do ye range all over the world and destroy them whom you will find against me 7#bg74 ,nrada has said that our fear proceeds from conception and therefore you should always be informed of the movements of all those who have been conceived by women 7#bh74 ,when ,i am your master you need not be afraid of any accidental calamity4 ,therefore freed of all anxiety do ye enjoy objects of pleasure of your own accord 7#bi74 ,narada is greatly fond of quarrels and is intent on creating dissensions4 ,in order to set one against another that ,brhmana1 with a restive mind1 travels in all the worlds1 creates dissensions even amongst men of highly quiet temparament and works out enmity amongst kings by various means 7#cj-ca74 ,having vauntingly said this ,kansa entered his own palace but his heart was burning with the fire of anger 7#cb74 ,,chapter ,,lvii4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,the ,,birth ,,of ,,demons ,vaishampayana said3--,thereupon worked up with anger ,kansa said to all his well-meaning ministers3--,do ye always be on your guard for destroying the 7eight born7 children of ,devaki 7#a74 ,the calamity1 which we suspect1 should be eradicated4 ,therefore from the very beginning destroy all the embryos of ,devaki 7#b74 ,let ,devaki1 well guarded in the inner appartment by the warders1 range there confidently4 ,and when she conceives keep her with care 7#c74 ,as soon as she will conceive1 the women of my harem will count the months from the very first1 and being informed of the time of delivery we will do what we think proper 7#d74 ,let ,vasudeva too be kept unconsciously day and night in the inner appartment by eunuchs and women engaged in my well being4 ,let no body disclose to him the secret 7#e74 ,with these human efforts people should accomplish their objects4 ,hear how persons like me avert the course of destiny 7#f74 ,even an adverse destiny is made propitious by well employed mantras1 properly administered medicines1 care and devotion 7#g74 ,vaishampyana continued3--,hearing from ,nrada1 the account of his death1 ,kansa1 out of fear1 began to hold counsels as to how he should destroy ,devaki's embryo 7#h74 ,on the other hand1 being informed of the portendous and dreadful efforts of ,kansa while out of sight1 the powerful ,vishnu began to think 7#i7 ,bhoja's descendant ,kansa will destroy the first seven children of ,devaki4 ,in her eighth conception ,i shall have to live in her womb 7#aj74 ,while thus meditating his mind flew where the ,saragarbha ,danavas1 by name1 ,hansa1 ,suvikrtha1 ,damana1 ,ripunardana1 and ,krodhahart were living in the water 7#aa74 ,these immortal-like ,saragarbhas1 the sons of ,klanemi1 were powerful like the celestials1 were of effulgent persons and experts in battle 7#ab74 ,leaving their own grand-father ,hiranyakasipu and wearing mantted locks those ,saragarbha ,daityas worshipped the ,grand-father of all1 ,brahm1 with hard penances who1 being pleased1 conferred on them the following boon 7#ac-ad74 ,brahma said3--,o ye foremost of ,dnavas1 ,i have been greatly pleased with your ascetic austerities4 ,express to me clearly your wishes1 ,i shall grant them to you all4 7#ae74 ,encouraged by ,brahm's words the ,daityas said ,o lord1 if thou art pleased with us do thou confer upon us this best of boons4 ,o ,brahman1 if thou art ready to confer upon us a boon1 do thou grant us such a one as may render us unslayable by the gods1 the huge ,uragas1 ,yakshas1 ,gandharvas1 ,siddhas1 ,chranas1 men and by the great ,rishis ever engaged in penances1 whose weapons are their curses 7#af-ah74 ,the ,grand-father was greatly delighted at heart with their ascetic observances and therefore affectionately said to them3--,what you have prayed for will all be accomplished4 ,having conferred this boon on ,saragarbhas the self-born repaired to the celestial region4 ,thereupon ,hiranyakasipu addressed them in angry words saying 7#ai-bj74 ,by your disregarding me and praying for a boon to the lotus-sprung ,brahm1 you have become my enemies4 ,i therefore have no affection for you and forsake you all4 ,that father1 who has given you the high sounding name of ,saragarbha1 will kill you all while in embryo 7#ba-bb47 ,o ye great ,asuras ,saragarbhas1 you all six will be born in order from ,devaki and ,kansa will kill you 7#bc74 ,vaishampayana said3--,thereupon repairing to the nether region ,vishnu arrived where ,saragarbha ,asuras1 on account of the imprecation of ,hiranyakasipu1 were living in the womb of water4 ,he saw them lying there possessed by death-like sleep 7#bd-be74 ,thereupon entering into the body of the ,saragarbhas in a state of dream1 ,vishnu1 having truth for his prowess1 caught hold of their vital breaths and consigned them to the care of sleep4 ,he said ,o sleep1 by my command take the vital airs of all these leading ,dnavas ,saragarbhas and place them in order in the womb of ,devaki 7#bf-bh74 ,they will be born of her womb and proceed to the abode of ,death4 ,kansa's efforts will be baffled and ,devaki's labour will be crowned with success 7#bi74 ,i will show you such a favour that like me you will be powerful on earth and adored of all creatures 7#cj74 ,thereupon when my gentle portion will be conceived by ,devaki in her seventh conception1 take that eldest brother of mine in the seventh month and place him within ,rohini's womb 7#ca74 ,on account of his thus being taken away from the womb1 that moon-like elder brother of mine will pass1 in his youth1 by the name of ,sangkarsana 7#cb74 ,thereupon thinking that ',devaki has untimely given birth to a child out of fear in the seventh time' ,kansa will be very careful for the eighth time when ,i will be in her womb 7#cc74 ,o goddess1 may you fare-well2 as being the ninth of our race1 you will be conceived by ,yashod1 the best of milk-women1 the most beloved wife of ,nanda the master of ,kansa's kine4 ,you will be born on the ninth day of the dark half of the month 7#cd-ce74 ,i too1 in the middle of the night under the influence of ,abhijit1 will come out happily of the womb 7#cf74 ,o sleep1 highly dreadful is ,kansa's rule4 ,therefore in the eighth month1 we will be simultaneously born 7and exchanged by ,vasudeva7 7#cg74 ,i will be taken to ,yashod and you will be taken to ,devaki4 ,by this our interchange ,kansa will be stupified 7#ch74 ,then taking you by the leg he will dash you against a stone2 you will then at once go up to the sky and attain to your eternal region 7#ci74 ,o goddess1 there the effulgence of your face will be like that of ,sangkarshana and your body will be dark-blue like mine and your arms will be as huge as those of mine 7#dj74 ,o sleep1 when armed with an uplifted mace of three heads1 and with a dagger of golden handles1 when with a cup full of wine and a clean lotus1 when adorned with a blue raiment and a yellow cloth thrown round your breast1 you will occupy the road of the celestials1 your breast will adorned with a necklace shining like the rays of the moon1 your two ears will be adorned with two celestial ,kundalas and your countenance will shine like the moon 7#da-dc74 ,o goddess1 adorned1 at my command1 with a wonderful crown and hair nets1 with flags of peacock feather and ,angadas1 embellishing the ten quarters1 with your dreadful arms resembling the serpents1 encircled by terrible goblins and observing the vow of celibacy you will enter into the celestial region 7#dd-df74 ,when you will reach the land of gods1 the thousand-eyed ,indra will confer upon you the dignity of a god by sprinkling you with water according to the rules laid down by me and accept you as his sister4 ,having been adopted in the family of ,kushika you will pass by the name of ,koushika 7#dg-dh74 ,afterwards when ,vsava will assign to you the mount ,vindhy for your habitation you will adorn the world with thousand provinces 7#di74 ,on whomever on earth you will bestow a boon while ranging of your own accord in the three worlds1 he will at once attain to the fruit thereof 7#ej74 ,o goddess1 there thinking of me in your mind1 and starting with the goblins you will kill the two demons ,shumbha and ,nishumbha living in mountain1 with all their attendants 7#ea74 ,o sleep1 you are greatly fond of an offering of meat4 ,you will therefore1 on a ,navami1 receive1 on earth1 worship accompanied by the sacrifice of beasts 7#eb74 ,children or wealth1 it will not be difficult to acquire any of these for him1 who1 amongst men cognizant of my prowess1 will bow unto you 7#ec74 ,you will save them all from danger1 those who will be tired in a huge forest1 those who will be drowned in a mighty deep1 those who will be attacked by robbers 7#ed74 ,o auspicious lady1 ,i will not kill him who will propitiate you with devotion nor will he meet with ruin at my hands 7#ee74 ,one of the ,nakshatras or lunar asterisms4 ,the ninth day of the dark half of the month4 ,,chapter ,,lviii4 ,,attributes ,,of ,,the ,,goddess4 ,vaishampayana said3--,having saluted the goddess ,nryani1 the mistress of the three worlds ,i shall recite the sacred hymn as sung by the ancient ,rishis 7#a74 ,o goddess1 thou art the salvation1 intelligence1 glory1 bashfulness1 learning1 advancement and inclination of all the worlds4 ,thou art identical with twilight1 night1 ray1 sleep and the night of death 7#b74 ,thou art designated as the worshipful goddess ,ktyyani1 ,koushiki1 observant of the vow of celibacy and the mother of ,krtikeya4 ,thou art highly powerful and dost practise hard austerities 7#c74 ,o goddess1 thou art ,jay1 ,vijay1 satisfaction1 nourishment1 forgiveness and mercy4 ,thou art clad in a blue silken raiment and the eldest sister of ,yama 7#d74 ,thou art of various forms1 art without any1 hast dreadful and large eyes and art the protector of thy votaries 7#e74 ,o great goddess1 living on the summits of fearful mountains1 in rivers1 caves1 and forest and being adored by ,savaras1 ,varvaras and ,pulindas thou dost traverse the worlds in a car consisting of peacock-feathered flags 7#f-g74 ,surrounded by cocks1 goats1 lambs1 lions and tigers and worshipped by the ringing of bells thou dost always live in the mount ,vindhy 7#h74 ,thou dost hold trident1 ,pattisha and other weapons4 ,the sun and the moon are thy flags4 ,thou art the ninth day of the dark half of the month and the eleventh day of the light half 7#i74 ,thou art the quarrelsome ,rajani1 the sister of ,baladeva1 the abode of all creatures1 the death and the supreme end of all animals and the daughter of the milk-man ,nanda who carries the victory of the gods4 ,thou dost wear bark1 excellent cloth and art the dreadful twilight 7#aj-aa74 ,thou art of dishevelled hairs and the death4 ,thou art fond of wine and meat4 ,although thou art ,lakshmi 7of beautiful form7 thou dost assume a dreadful form for the destruction of the ,dnavas 7#ab74 ,thou art ,svitri of the ,vedas1 the mother of mantras1 the celibacy of the maidens1 the good luck of women1 the external altar of the sacrifices1 the gift of the priest1 the plough of the cultivators1 the earth of all creatures1 the success of sea-faring merchants1 the bank of the ocean1 the first woman of the ,yakshns1 ,surasa of ,ngas1 art conversant with the knowledge of ,brahman1 initiation and great beauty4 ,thou art the effulgence of luminous bodies1 ,rohini of stars1 the consummate prosperity in courts1 forts1 confluences of rivers and the full-moon 7#ac-ag74 ,thou art the goddess of learning in ,valmiki1 the memory of ,dwaipayana the intellect of the ,rishis in religious matters1 the determination of the gods and dost live in all creatures as the goddess of wine adored by thy own deeds 7#ah74 ,o goddess1 thou art the charming look of the thousand eyes of the king of gods1 the ,arani of the ,agnihotra ascetics1 the hunger of all creatures1 the gratification1 oblation1 intellect and brain of the celestials1 the receptable of all the ,vasus1 the hope of men and the pleasure of all those who are crowned with success4 ,thou art the direction1 the contrary direction1 the flame of fire1 ray1 ,shakuni1 ,putan1 the terrible ,revati1 the over-powering sleep of all creatures and ,kshatrya 7#ai-bb74 ,thou art ,brahmavidya in learning1 ,om and ,vasha4 ,the ,rishis know thee as the ancient ,parvati amongst women 7#bc74 ,as said by ,brahm thou art ,arundhati amongst chaste women4 ,truly thou hast been designated by the gods as ,indrani 7#bd74 ,this universe1 mobile and immobile1 is permeated by thee4 ,undoubtedly thou art the saviour in battle1 burning fire1 rivers1 fear of thieves1 caves1 foreign countries1 courts1 in assailing the enemies and in all other matters where life is at stake 7#be-bf74 ,my heart1 mind and reasoning faculty are all devoted to thee4 ,do thou save me from all sins2 show me this favour 7#bg74 ,o goddess1 thou art always propitiated with him1 who1 rising up early in the morning1 purifying himself and controlling his mind1 will read this heavenly hymn 7#bh74 ,thou dost give their desired-for objects to those who recite it for three months1 and a most excellent boon to those who do it for six months1 and celestial vision to those who continue it for nine months and ,siddhi as they desire to those who sing it for one full year 7#bi-cj74 ,o goddess1 as recorded by the great saint ,krishna ,dwaipayana thou art the supreme ,brahman identical with truth4 ,thou dost drive away the fear of men1 proceeding from chains1 death1 the destruction of children and wealth and disease4 ,assuming various forms at thy will1 thou dost confer boons 7#ca-cb74 ,stupifying ,kansa thou shalt alone enjoy the world4 ,and ,i shall adopt the life of a milk-man amongst kine4 ,for accomplishing my own work ,i shall become ,kansa's milk-man 7#cc74 ,having thus addressed 7the goddess of sleep7 the lord disappeared and she too1 saluting him1 expressed her consent by saying1 ,so be it 7#cd74 ,a barbarian race inhabiting the mountainous districts of ,india and wearing the feathers of the peacock as decorations4 ,one of a degraded tribe or occupation4 ,a barbarian using an uncultivated and unintelligible dialect4 ,the holy verse of the repetition of which forms an essential part of the ceremonies1 enjoined to the ,brhmanas for daily observances4 ,the mother of ,kuvera4 ,the mother of the ,nagas4 ,according to tradition ,valmiki obtained a boon from the goddess of learning and composed his great work ,ramayana4 ,dwaipayana ,vyasa was celebrated for his memory for he had by heart all the ,vedas and ,puranas4 ,knowledge of spirit which is regarded as the best of all forms of learning4 ,the mystic name of the deity1 prefacing all the prayers and most of the writings of the ,hindus1 from ,a a name of ,vishnu1 ,u ,siva and ,ma ,brahma4 ,it therefore implies the ,indian triad and expresses the three in one4 oblation with fire4 ,the wife of the sage ,vasistha4 ,the queen of gods1 the wife of ,indra4 ,,chapter ,,lix4 ,,birth ,,of ,,krishna ,,and ,,baladeva4 ,vaishampayana said3--,under these arrangements the celestial-like ,devaki conceived for seven times as described before 7#a74 ,kansa killed the ,sargarbhas by dashing them against a stone1 as soon as they came out4 ,the embryo of the seventh conception was transferred to ,rohini 7#b74 ,once on a time at the dead of night while ,rohini was sleeping a sound sleep there took place a discharge of blood followed by an abortion 7#c74 ,rohini1 in a dream1 saw the falling of her embryo and when she awoke1 a little after1 she was greatly pained on not seeing it 7#d74 ,in that dark night ,vasudeva's wife ,rohini1 resembling the moon1 was worked up with great anxiety2 thereat the goddess of sleep said to her 7#e74 ,o fair one1 ,i have extracted the embryo out of ,devaki's womb and placed it in yours4 ,therefore this your son will be celebrated by the name of ,sangkarshana 7#f74 ,obtaining that son she was pleased and with her head down she entered her own house like the beautiful wife of the moon 7#g74 ,when people grew anxious of instituting enquiries about the seventh conception of ,devaki she conceived him for the eighth time for whom ,kansa had killed her seven children 7#h74 ,kansa's servants began to watch it with great care wherein the ,lord ,hari was living of his own accord 7#i74 ,yashod too conceived the goddess of sleep1 begotten of a portion of ,vishnu's energy and intent on carrying out his command 7#aj74 ,before the period of conception was complete1 in the eighth month both ,devaki and ,yashod simultaneously gave birth to their children 7#aa74 ,in the same night in which ,krishna was born in the race of ,vrishnis1 ,yashod gave birth to her daughter 7#ab74 ,vasudeva's wife ,devaki and ,nanda's wife ,yashoda1 both of them1 conceived at the same time 7#ac74 ,in the auspicious midnight and in ,abkijit ,muhurtta1 ,devaki gave birth to ,vishnu and ,yashod to that daughter 7#ad74 ,when ,janrddana was born1 the oceans were agitated1 the pillars of the earth were shaken1 the fires1 that had been extinguished1 began to burn1 auspicious winds began to blow1 the dust was removed and the luminous bodies manifested themselves 7#ae-af74 ,when the invisible1 eternal and powerful ,lord ,hari of subtle soul1 who encompasses the well-being of the world1 was born1 the night was ,jayanti1 the ,nakshatra was ,abhijit and ,muhurtta was ,vijaya4 ,as soon as he was born he overpowered all the worlds with his looks4 ,the celestial bugles began to produce sound without being struck and the king of gods showered flowers from the etherial region4 ,the great saints1 accompanied by the ,gandharvas and ,apsaras1 chanted the glories of the slayer of ,madhu in auspicious hymns4 ,when ,hrishikesha was born the whole universe was in an ecstacy of joy 7#ag-bj74 ,indra too1 along with the gods1 eulogised the glories of ,madhusudhana4 ,seeing1 in that night1 ,vishnu born as his son1 bearing the mystic mark of ,srivasta and other signs of divinity ,vasudeva said to him1 ,o lord1 do thou withdraw this form of thine4 ,o thou having lotus-eyes1 ,i have been greatly terrified1 on account of my sons1 your elder brothers1 being slain by ,kansa and therefore ,i speak thus 7#ba-bc74 ,vaishampayana said3--,hearing the words of ,vasudeva the lord withdrew his form of four arms and addressing him as his father asked him to take him to the house of the milkman ,nanda 7#bd74 ,taking that boy1 ,vasudeva too1 fond of his sons1 speedily repaired to the house of ,yashod 7#be74 ,placing his son in her house against her knowledge he brought her daughter and placed her on ,devaki's bedstead 7#bf74 ,after the children had been exchanged ,anakadundhubi ,vasudeva1 having accomplished his work and his mind filled with fear1 issued out of his house and communicated to ,ugrasena's son ,kansa the birth of a beautiful daughter 7#bg-bh74 ,hearing it the powerful ,kansa quickly arrived at ,vasudeva's door and enquired of him about what was born4 ,he then ordered him to hand over the new born babe1 and remonstrated with him severely 7#bf-cj74 ,hearing this all the women of ,devaki's family cried aloud and she1 herself shedding tears1 prayed humbly to him2 ,o lord1 you have already killed my seven beautiful sons4 ,i have taken this new-born daughter for already slain4 ,do what you think proper4 ,seeing that girl and drawing her out the wicked-minded ,kansa said3--,while a daughter is born she is already killed4 ,that girl1 equal to the earth herself1 who was wearied on account of her living in the womb and whose hairs were wet with the water thereof1 was placed before him on the ground4 ,taking her with contempt by the legs and whirling her ,kansa dashed her against a stone4 ,although thrown on a rock in derision1 that girl1 who is daily worshipped by the gods1 was not crushed4 ,on the other hand1 casting off her human from and being adorned with celestial garlands1 pastes1 and a shining crown she1 with dishevelled hairs and remonstrating with ,kansa1 rose up in the sky 7#ca-ch74 ,she was clad in a dark blue raiment1 her breasts were rising1 her hip was spacious like a car and she had four arms4 ,her colour was shining like lightning1 her eyes were like the rising sun1 and she was like a clouded evening4 ,that dreadful girl1 having a moon-like countenance1 and roaring like a cloud1 was surrounded by ghosts and goblins4 ,dancing and laughing in that dark night she rose up in the sky4 ,drinking most excellent wine and laughing aloud she1 in anger1 said to ,kansa 7#ci-db74 ,o ,kansa1 for thy own destruction thou hast whirled and dashed me against a rock4 ,therefore at the time of thy death when thy enemy will attack thee ,i will tear off thy body with my hands and drink thy hot blood 7#dc-dd74 ,giving vent to these dreadful words1 the goddess1 by her own wished-for way1 rose up in the sky2 and encircled by her own followers and in that form she began to range in the celestial region 7#de74 ,that girl1 worshipped by ,vrishnis1 grew up there4 ,by the command of their kings the gods brought her up like a child 7#df74 ,that daughter1 who was formerly created by ,brahm through his yoga1 was born with the ,lord for protecting ,keshava 7#dg74 ,the ,ydvas daily worship her1 who in her celestial form1 protected ,krishna 7#dh74 ,after her departure ,kansa took her for the instrument of his death4 ,and being ashamed he secretly said to ,devaki 7#di74 ,kansa said3--,o ,sister1 ,i have made endless attempts to escape the hand of death1 and for this1 ,i have destroyed many of your children4 ,o ,madam1 my death has now come from another quarter 7#ej74 ,alas6 being ruthless1 ,i have1 with care1 slain my own kinsmen1 but have not been able to supersede destiny by my manliness 7#ea74 ,under the influence of bad time1 ,i have been the instrument of their death4 ,therefore cast off your anxiety for the destruction of your embryos and your sorrow for the death of your sons 7#eb74 ,it is ,time that is the enemy of all and brings about their destruction4 ,it is ,time that moves every thing4 ,people1 like me1 are merely the instruments 7#ec74 ,o lady1 calamities1 the inevitable out-come of one's own deeds1 arrive of them selves in proper time4 ,but pity it is that 7they think7 ',i am the doer' 7#ed74 ,do not lament for your sons and renounce your grief4 ,such is the course of men and no body can undo the work of ,time 7#ee74 ,the mischiefs1 that ,i have done to you1 are all present in my mind4 ,i throw myself at your feet like a son4 ,be not offended with me 7#ef74 ,after ,kansa had said this1 the poor ,devaki1 with her face bathed in tears1 and casting her looks upon her husband said--,rise up1 my brother1 rise up4 ,and then she addressed to him the following 7#eg74 ,devaki said3--,being like the veritable ,death1 you have killed1 before my very eyes1 all my children4 ,you are not to blame for this4 ,death himself is the instrument hereof 7#eh74 ,i forgive you for the sin that you have committed by destroying my children1 since1 touching my feet with your head you are repenting for your mis-deeds 7#ei74 ,death1 in old age and while in the womb1 is however inevitable4 ,and it is equally difficult to escape its hand even in boyhood and youth 7#fj74 ,this is all the work of ,time2 you are merely an instrument4 ,one1 who is not born1 is not to be seen like air4 ,one1 who being born attains to the condition of one not born is to be considered as such4 ,all this is the work of ,providence4 ,death first carries away all and next the instrument is pointed out4 ,therefore1 go1 my child1 you are not the cause of my children's death4 ,on account of various rites1 pristine actions1 the time of creation1 the works of parents1 people meet with death4 ,hearing the words of ,devaki1 ,kansa1 worked up with anger and his heart consuming1 entered his own house4 ,his object being baffled he went there depressed and absent-minded 7#fa-fe74 ,the word in the text is ,adhokshaja1 a name of ,vishnu4 ,it literally means1 being produced by or produced to such as have subdued or cast down their passions4 ,as no love is cherished for a son who is not born so no attachment should be felt for him1 who is dead as soon as he is born4 ,the various rites that are performed beginning with the birth of a child4 ,,chapter ,,lx4 ,a ,,description ,,of ,,village ,,vraja ,vaishampayana said3--,vasudeva had already heard of the son1 more beautiful than the moon1 given birth to by ,rohini in the village of ,vraja 7#a74 ,he1 without delay1 said to the milkman ,nanda1 in sweet words ,quickly go to ,vraja with ,yashod4 ,having performed the various rites consequent upon their birth do you happily bring up in ,vraja those two boys 7#b-c74 ,do you carefully protect in ,vraja that son of mine whom ,rohini has given birth to4 ,my name will then be mentioned as having a son in the list of the ancestral manes 7#d74 ,alas1 ,i have not been able to see the face of my only son4 ,although ,i am wise this is stealing away my wisdom 7#e74 ,i specially fear this woked ,kansa for he does not feel the least mercy when he kills the children4 ,besides various other dangers threaten the children in this world4 ,therefore1 ,o ,nanda1 take care of ,rohini's son as you do of your own 7#f-g74 ,my son is the eldest and your son is the youngest4 ,the import of their names is also the same4 ,therefore bring them up with equal care 7#h74 ,they are both of equal age4 ,please see1 ,o milkman1 that they may grow up under your fostering care and grace ,vraja 7#i74 ,in their childhood1 everybody takes his own way1 becomes naughty and commits mistakes4 ,therefore train them with great care 7#aj74 ,never make your cow-sheds in ,vrindavana for there is every fear of the wicked ,keshi1 of various reptiles1 insects and vultures4 ,protect those two boys against the cows and calves in the cow-shed 7#aa-ab74 ,o ,nanda1 night is almost over4 ,go soon to ,vraja4 ,see1 the birds in the south are also asking you to do so 7#ac74 ,hearing of this secret intelligence from the large-minded ,vasudeva1 ,nanda was greatly pleased and ascended his conveyance along with ,yashoda 7#ad74 ,he placed the baby prince on a vehicle carried by men on their shoulders 7#ae74 ,he then proceeded by a road situate on the bank of ,yamun1 sprinkled with profuse water and filled with cool air 7#af74 ,thus proceeding to some distance he saw ,vraja1 the charming village of cows1 situated on the bank of ,yamun near the mount ,govarddhana and filled with cool air 7#ag74 ,it was adorned with animals emitting sweet cries1 huge trees covered with creepers1 and kine1 giving milk and grazing 7#ah74 ,that place was so beautifully level that the kine could range there at ease and the tanks there had all well-levelled stairs4 ,the trees were scratched by the humps and horns of the bulls 7#ai74 ,vultures1 wild cats1 falcons and other birds1 who are fond of flesh and always follow them1 and other beasts more powerful than they1 such as jackals1 leopards and lions always live there4 ,and for this that place was filled with fat1 marrow and bones 7#bj74 ,that place1 covered with profuse grass1 was filled with birds of various species and the roaring of tigers1 was well adorned with trees crested with sweet fruits and was resonant with the auspicious sound of kine1 and calves4 ,that charming village was filled with milk-maids 7#ba-bb74 ,the roads1 for carriage1 were spacious there4 ,it was covered with thorns and its outside was filled with fallen huge trees 7#bc74 ,all through the circumference there were stakes fixed on the ground an ropes for the calves2 and it was filled with cow-dungs4 ,the temples and cottages there were covered with grass 7#bd74 ,it was filled with the sound of churning4 ,state officials1 possessing all the signs of prosperity and well-developed and delighted persons always live there 7#be74 ,the ground there was saturated with the leavings of curd and the drains were covered with moss and it was filled with the sound of the churning bangles of milk-women 7#bf74 ,the cow-sheds were all properly protected by well-shut doors2 inside them were the houses for cows4 ,it was filled with the play-grounds of milk-men and abounded in boys wearing feathers of crows 7#bg74 ,the youthful damsels of milk-men1 clad in blue raiments1 prepare clarified butter and accordingly there blows sweet-scented air 7#bh74 ,having their heads adorned with garlands of wild flowers and their breasts covered with jackets1 the milk-maids1 with jars of milk on their heads1 always walk about there 7#bi74 ,the road1 on the bank of ,yamun1 was also filled with milk-maids1 carrying water4 ,when the milk-man ,nanda1 with a delighted heart1 entered by this way to his village there arose a great shout of joy amongst the men of his clan4 ,the elderly milk men and women came out and received him in the city4 ,he also went to that delightful place of his own accord4 ,thereupon going to the beloved wife of ,vasudeva ,rohiai1 he placed there the mystic ,purusha ,krishna1 resembling the rising sun 7#cj-cb74 ,,chapter ,,lxi4 ,,superhuman ,,deeds ,,of ,,krishna4 ,,he ,,upsets ,a ,,carriage ,,and ,,kills ,,putana4 ,vaishampayana said3--,without showing himself properly the ,lord spent a considerable time as a milk-man in the village of ,nanda 7#a74 ,of those two boys the eldest was named ,sangkarshana and the youngest ,krishna4 ,they grew up there most happily 7#b74 ,incarnating himself as ,krishna the ,lord ,hari1 assuming the dark-blue hue of the cloud1 grew up there in the midst of milk-men like a cloud in the ocean 7#c74 ,one day while ,krishna fell asleep under a carriage1 ,yashoda1 fond of her sons1 went to the river ,yamun leaving him there 7#d74 ,thereupon to sport there like a child ,krishna began to cry and throw up his arms4 ,then raising up his legs he overturned the carriage with one of them4 ,and then crawling on his legs he began to cry for milk 7#e-f74 ,in the meantime1 ,yashod1 having finished her bath and her person wetted with the milk of her breast like a milch cow1 when its calf is tied1 came there with her mind stricken with fear 7#g74 ,she saw there the carriage over turned without any wind4 ,and then crying aloud she speedily took up her child 7#h74 ,she could not truly make out how the carriage was overturned2 and then filled with fear she said to her boy 7#i7 ,o my child1 your father is highly wrathful4 ,i do not know what he will say when he will come to know of your sleeping under the carriage and of its being overturned 7#aj74 ,what is the use of my bathing8 ,what business had ,i to go to go the river4 ,on account of this foolish act of mine ,i saw you under the overturned carriage 7#aa74 ,clad in a silken raiment ,nanda had gone to the forest to tend his kine4 ,when he returned to his own house in ,vraja he saw the carriage upset4 ,its two wheels were raised up4 ,the axles1 the pitcher and the rod were all broken 7#ab-ac7 ,seeing this he was greatly terrified and coming quickly with eyes full of tears he repeatedly asked ,is my son all right8 7#ad74 ,when he saw his son sucking the breast of ,yashod he was relieved of his anxiety and asked how the carriage was upset without the fighting of the bulls 7#ae74 ,terrified and with a suppressed voice ,yashoda replied3 ,o gentle one1 ,i do not know who has upset this carriage4 ,i had been to the river to wash my cloth4 ,when ,i came back ,i saw it overturned 7#af-ag74 ,while they were thus talking1 the boys1 who were present there1 said3--,when we came here of our own accord we saw this boy upsetting the carriage with his feet4 ,hearing this the milkman ,nanda was filled with great surprise 7#ah-ai74 ,pleased and terrified he began to think how could this be4 ,the other milkmen1 having the ordinary intelligence of men1 placed no confidence in the words of the boys 7#bj74 ,filled with wonder and having their eyes expanded accordingly they replaced the carriage and tied its wheels 7#ba74 ,vaishampayana said3--,once on a time in the mid-night1 ,kansa's nurse1 the dreadful ,putan1 creating the fear of life1 went in the shape of a bird1 capable of assuming forms at will1 to village of milkmen1 shaking her wings 7#bb-bc74 ,entering1 in the mid-night1 into ,vraja1 roaring like a tiger1 ,putan assumed the form of a woman4 ,and having her breast pressed by milk she lay down under the wheel of the carriage4 ,when all the inhabitants of ,vraja fell asleep she began to give milk to ,krishna 7#bd-be74 ,thereupon drink ing up all her vital breaths together with her milk ,krishna set up a terrible sound4 ,she too1 having her breast sundered1 fell down earth 7#bf74 ,at that sound1 ,nanda1 other milk-men and ,yashod awoke4 ,and they were all beside themselves with fear 7#bg74 ,they saw there ,putan lying down on the ground1 bereft of her consciousness and breast1 as if she had been crushed down by a thunder-bolt 7#bc74 ,exclaiming ,what is this8 ,who has done it8 all the milkmen headed by ,nanda stood around her 7#bi74 ,they however could not1 by any means1 find out the cause4 ,exclaiming repeatedly ,wonder6 ,wonder6 they went to their own houses 7#cj74 ,after the milkmen had gone away to their respective homes filled with wonder1 ,nanda respectfully said to ,yashod3--,o timid lady1 ,i have been struck with great wonder and have not been able to trace out its cause4 ,what ever it may be1 ,i am really afraid4 ,is there any danger for my son 7#ca-db78 ,yashoda1 too1 stricken with fear1 replied3--,o reverend ,sir1 ,i was asleep with my son and was roused up by this terrible sound4 ,so ,i do not know what took place before 7#cc74 ,hearing the reply of ,yashod1 ,nanda1 together with his friends1 was filled with surprise and anticipated fear from ,kansa 7#cd74 ,,chapter ,,lxii4 ,,the ,,childish ,,freaks ,,of ,,krishna4 ,vaishampayana said3--,as time went on those two boys1 named ,krishna and ,sangkarshana1 began to crawl on their legs4 ,those two beautiful boys1 resembling the rising sun1 the same person in two bodies1 as if turned out by one mould1 began to assume the same form1 to lie down on the same bed1 to live on the same food1 and to put on the same dress4 ,they thus sported there like boys 7#a-c74 ,those two great energies1 identical with the witness of the worlds1 although of one body1 assumed two human forms for the destruction of the demons and for accomplishing the only great work of the resuscitation of sacrifices4 ,although they were the protectors of the entire universe they were born1 for this1 as cow-herds 7#d-e74 ,while they sported there they appeared like the sun and moon in the sky possessed by each other's rays 7#f74 ,going every where1 they1 having arms like serpents1 appeared like two proud young elephants covered with dust 7#g74 ,and sometimes with their persons pasted with ashes and powdered cow-dung they shone like two princes of fire 7#h74 ,sometimes they used to walk on knees and enter cow-sheds and used to sport there with their persons and hairs covered with cow-dung 7#i74 ,sometimes committing mischiefs to the inhabitants of ,vraja those two boys used to create the delight of their sire with their laughing 7#aj74 ,those two beautiful boys1 of moon-like countenances1 used to appear more charming when filled with curiosity and their locks disturbing their eyes 7#aa74 ,they grew exceedingly playful and naughty and used to walk all over ,vraja4 ,and ,nanda could not 7by any means7 check them 7#ab74 ,one day ,yasoda1 worked up with anger1 brought the lotus-eyed ,krishna near the carriage4 ,and fastening a rope round his waist and tying it to a mortar she repeatedly remonstrating with him1 said ,go1 if you are capable of doing it4 ,saying this she engaged in her work 7#ac-ad74 ,when ,yashod was engaged in her household works1 ,krishna1 with a view to surprise the inhabitants of ,vraja and play1 issued out of the courtyard 7#ae74 ,going out of the courtyard with that mortar ,krishna went to the forest where the huge trees ,yamala and ,arjuna were 7#af74 ,placing that mortar between the two trees he began to drag it4 ,for his thus dragging it the mortar was firmly fixed at the root of the trees4 ,he then began to drag the trees ,arjuna and ,yamala4 ,being thus drawn by him with great force those two ,arjuna trees were uprooted with their roots and branches4 ,in order to show this to the milk-men the ,lord1 resorting to his heavenly strength1 began to laugh there4 ,that rope1 by his power1 became stronger 7#ag-ai74 ,the milk-women1 who were then going to the bank of the river ,yamun1 saw the child in that condition and were filled with wonder4 ,and weepingly they approached ,yashod 7#bj74 ,the women1 with sorry faces1 said to her3--,tarry not a moment1 ,o ,yashod and come with us quickly 7#ba74 ,the two huge trees1 that are being worshipped as gods on account of their granting objects of desire1 have fallen on your son 7#bb74 ,being bound by a rope like a calf under the belly 7of the cow7 your boy is laughing between the two trees 7#bc74 ,get up and go1 ,o foolish woman4 ,you think you are wise but you are stupid4 ,your son is alive as if he has been released from the mouth of ,death 7#ad74 7,hearing this7 she was stricken with fear and began to bewail4 ,she then went where the two trees were uprooted 7#be74 ,she saw there her child placed between the two trees with the rope round his waist and dragging the mortar 7#bf74 ,all the milk-men and women1 aged or youthful1 of ,vraja went there quickly to witness this wonderful scene 7#bg74 ,those milk-men1 who range in the forest1 began to speak amongst themselves ,who has uprooted these two huge trees as if forming the extent of our village 7#bh78 ,there is no storm1 no rain1 no fall of thunderbolt and no mischief created by elephants4 ,then why have these two trees1 all on a sudden1 fallen down 7#bi78 ,alas6 being felled down on the ground these two trees are shorn of beauty like clouds divested of water4 ,o ,nanda1 these two ,arjuna trees are very favourably disposed towards you and bent upon doing you good4 ,although they are huge they have fallen in such a way saving your child that his body has not been wounded in the least 7#cj-ca74 ,before this ,putan had been slain and the carriage broken4 ,and this uprooting of the trees is the third portend in ,vraja 7#cb74 ,it is not meet for the milkmen to live any longer in this village1 for these portends do not auger well 7#cc74 ,thereupon releasing the lotus-eyed ,krishna from the mortar1 taking him up on his lap and looking at him again and again as if he had returned from the land of the dead ,nanda could not attain to the consummation of happiness4 ,remonstrating then with ,yashoda1 he1 followed by all milk-men1 returned to ,vraja 7#cd-ce74 ,from that day in which he was bound with the rope ,krishna was called ,dmodara by all the milk-men of that village 7#cf74 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 while living amongst milk-men1 although a mere boy1 he performed all these wonderful feats 7#cg74 ,these miracles of ,krishna's early life have been also described in ,srimadbhagavatam1 the greatest of all ,vaishnava works4 ,they have been recorded with the purpose of showing ,krishna's superhuman power4 ,the ,hindus regard him as the incarnation of ,vishnu and these miracles are meant to show that unless he had divinity in him he could not have performed these wonderful feats4 ,the early writers took a special fancy for recording wonderful deeds performed by their hero for proving his superhuman power and origin4 ,it was not only a practice with the early ,hindu authors but was so with the western writers too4 ,the miracles1 of the ,old ,testament1 will attest this argument4 ,the early life1 of ,krishna1 when he worked these miracles1 is described in three most important works1 ,vishnupurana1 ,bhagvatpurana and ,harivamsha4 ,,chapter ,,lviii4 ,,krishna ,,wishes ,,to ,,go ,,to ,,vrindavana ,,and ,,produces ,,wolves4 ,vaishampayana said3--,in this way1 ,krishna and ,sangkarshana passed their childhood in ,vraja and became seven years old 7#a74 ,they used to put on dark-blue and yellow raiments1 paste their persons with yellow and white paints and used to wear feathers of crows while tending kine 7#b74 ,while gone to the forest those two beautiful boys used to play on ,panvas1 the music of which is sweet to the ears1 and shone there like three-hooded serpents 7#c74 ,sometimes putting peacock feathers on their ears1 crowns of leaves on their heads and garlands of wild flowers on their breast they shone there like two growing trees 7#d74 ,sometimes placing a crown of lotuses on their heads1 converting a rope into a sacred thread and gourds with a string suspended1 in their hands1 they used to play on flutes 7#e74 ,sometimes sporting with one another1 laughing and lying down on a bed of leaves they used to enjoy sleep 7#f74 ,thus leading the life of a cow-herd boy and moving about delightedly hither and thither like two young horses they beautified that forest 7#g74 ,one day the beautiful ,dmodara said to ,sangkarshana3 ,o ,sir1 by sporting everywhere in the forest we have well nigh spoilt it4 ,we cannot play here any more with the cow-herd boys 7#h74 ,it has been divested of grass and twigs and the milk-men have up-rooted the trees4 ,this beautiful forest has been destroyed by us 7#i74 ,all the forests and woods1 that were thick 7with trees71 are now all looking blank like the sky4 ,all these eternally beautiful trees1 that were in the cow-sheds well-protected by walls and wooden bolts1 have been destroyed by the fire of cow-sheds 7#aj-aa74 ,the trees and grass1 that were near us1 have been all thrown away on the ground at a great distance 7#ab74 ,water1 trees1 groves and other resorts have now become scarce in this forest4 ,even by searching we cannot get at a place for rest4 ,it has become very dreary and trees are not to be seen 7#ac74 ,the trees have been destroyed by the people of this extensive village4 ,the birds have fled away from the useless trees 7#ad74 ,this forest1 divested of birds1 has become disgusting like rice without curry and other vegetable dishes4 ,even the delightful winds do not blow here 7#ae74 ,woods and vegetables1 grown in the forest1 are now being sold4 ,the grass is all destroyed and this village has taken the appearance of a city 7#af74 ,the ornament of the mountain is the village of herdsmen1 the forest is its ornament and the cows are the ornaments of the forest4 ,and they are our most excellent refuge 7#ag74 ,let the wealthy inhabitants of ,vraja repair to another forest filled with new trees and grass2 when the extensive villages1 of milkmen1 are shut out by doors and when the fields are covered with houses they do not look beautiful like the ,chakrachari birds 7#ai74 ,when excrement and urine fall on grass its juice becomes poisonous4 ,the cows do not like to graze on it and it is unwholesome for milk 7#bj74 ,we wish to range1 with our kine1 in the charming new woods which are almost like dry ground4 ,let this station of milk-men be also transferred there 7#ba74 ,i have heard that there is a charming forest on the bank of ,yamun abounding in profuse grass1 endued with all the virtues and freed of thorns and insects4 ,it is named ,vrindvana4 ,it is filled with fruits1 water and ,kadamba trees 7#bb-bc74 ,cool winds always blow there in the forest as if it is an asylum of all the seasons4 ,all the woods there are so very charming that the milk-men will be able to range there happily 7#bd74 ,near it is the huge mountain ,govardhana with a high summit like the mount ,mandra near the celestial garden ,nandana 7#be74 ,in the centre of that mountain there is a huge fig-tree1 by name ,bhndira1 consisting of high branches and extending over a yojana4 ,it shone there like a dark-blue cloud in the sky 7#bf74 ,like unto the river ,nalini flowing in the garden of ,nandana1 ,klindi1 the foremost of streams1 passes through its middle as if forming a line for separating hairs on each side of the head 7#bg74 ,with great joy we will always behold there the mount ,govardhana1 the tree ,bhndira and the charming river ,klindi 7#bh74 ,o ,sir1 mayst thou fare well4 ,leaving this forest which has no attractions do thou lay out there the station of milk-men4 ,let us now1 creating some calamity1 terrify the milk-men 7#bi74 ,while thus talking the intelligent ,vasudeva engaged himself in a thought4 ,from the hairs of his body there arose hundreds of wolves living on fat1 blood and flesh4 ,as soon as they came out they ran in all directions as if it to devasstate the village ,vraja4 ,beholding them fall upon calves1 kine and their women the milk-men were stricken with great fear4 ,forming themselves into groups of five1 ten1 thirty1 twenty and a hundred those dark-faced wolves1 bearing the mystic mark of ,srivatsa1 that had come out of the body of ,krishna1 began to range there and increase the fear of milkmen4 ,thus striking terror to the entire land of milkmen1 those wolves1 eating up calves1 stealing away the boys in the night1 well nigh devastated it4 ,none1 then1 dared enter into woods1 tend his kine1 fetch any thing from the forest and go to the river4 ,in fact1 stricken with fear and motionless1 they1 with an anxious mind1 began to live there4 ,those wolves1 powerful like tigers1 created such a fear in the inhabitants of ,vraja1 that they were afraid of even moving their limbs or shaking their body4 ,and they used all to live together 7#cj-ch74 ,a kind of wild fowls4 ,as when they are shut up in a cage--they do not feel themselves at ease1 so when the villages are well protected by gates like cities they lose their native beauty4 ,,chapter ,,lxiv4 ,,their ,,departure ,,for ,,vrindavana4 ,vaishampayana said3--,seeing the number of those irrepressible wolves1 daily increased1 all the men and women living in that village held a consultation amongst themselves 7#a73--;,it is not proper for us to live any more in this forest4 ,let us go to another great forest where we may live happily and the kine may range of their own accord 7#b74 ,even today without any delay we will depart with our precious kine1 before these dreadful wolves destroy the entire ,vraja 7#c74 ,these black-faced wolves1 with tawny-coloured limbs1 teeth and nails1 set up a terrible roar in the night 7#d74 ',my son1 my brother1 my calf1 my cow have been eaten by the wolves4' ,such cries are heard in every house 7#e74 ,hearing the cries of the milk-women and the doleful noise of the kine1 the assembled cow-herds wished to transfer1 without any delay1 their station4 ,being informed of their desire to go to ,vrindavana for fixing their station elsewhere for the well-being of the kine and finding them resolute in this matter1 ,nanda1 like the preceptor of the gods1 gave vent to the following weighty accents 7#f-h73--;,if you are resolved upon going away even this very day1 then ask the inhabitants of ,vraja to get themselves ready without any delay 7#i74 ,thereupon the menials announced in the village1 saying3 ,this station will be transfared to ,vrindvana4 ,therefore collect your own cows and calves1 get ready your carts and place your own vessels thereon 7#aj-aa74 ,hearing those well-meaning words of ,nanda they all rose up for going away speedily 7#ab74 ,then there was set up a tumult of ,come2 let us go3 what is the delay8 ,make your carts ready4 ,rise up4 ,go 7#ac74 ,with busy cowherds and milk-women1 with their innumerable carts ready that village assumed the appearance of a roaring ocean 7#ad74 ,the milk-women1 with jars on their heads1 and being arranged in rows1 like stars coming out of the sky1 issued out of ,vraja 7#ae74 ,having their breasts covered with blue1 yellow1 and shining jackets1 those milk-women1 while going on the road1 appeared like a rain-bow 7#af74 ,carrying the load of ropes hanging on their body some milk-men imitated the beauty of trees covered with branches and leaves 7#ag74 ,the shining carts moving all around1 that village of cowherds appeared like an ocean abounding in boats upset by the wind 7#ah74 ,thus divested of all articles in no time and filled with crows it appeared like a desert 7#ai74 ,thereupon having gradually arrived at the forest of ,vrindvana1 they1 for the well-being of the kine1 set up many extensive stations there 7#bj74 ,with roads laid out for carts and situate like a crescent that forest was one ,yoyana in breadth and two in circumference 7#ba74 ,it was protected on all sides with thorny creepers and trees1 ditches and flying branches 7#bb74 ,it was beautified with charming posts and rods1 with jars full of water for washing1 stakes tied round with ropes and nooses1 with upraised pillars1 overturned carts1 chords thrown upon the pillars of vessels1 grass for covering the huts1 sheds made of grass1 with branches of trees1 playing hither and thither and trees abounding in nests1 cleansed cow-sheds1 well-placed mortars1 the burning fire placed in the west1 and well stretched beds consisting of clothes and leather coatings 7#bc-bg74 ,bringing water and removing the branches of the trees the milk-women began to cleanse the forest 7#bh74 ,youthful and old milk-men with axes1 began lightly to fell down the trees 7#bi74 ,this station of the milk-men1 abounding in woods1 charming habitations1 sweet roots1 fruits and water1 appeared more beautiful 7#cj74 ,while ranging in the forest before1 ,krishna1 with a delighted heart1 looked at that forest for the well-being of the kine4 ,and so obtaining that forest of ,vrindvana1 filled with the nests of various birds and resembling the garden of ,nandana1 all the cows1 giving milk whenever milched1 were highly pleased 7#ca-cb74 ,in the last month of the dreadful summer season1 the king of gods used to pour there nectarine showers4 ,and accordingly the people there did not suffer from any disease and all the vegetables grew in profusion4 ,the calves and ignorant people do not suffer any disease or meet with destruction where the ,lord ,madhusudana lives himself for the behoof of mankind 7#cc-cd74 ,in this way the youthful ,sangkarshana1 the milk-men and the cows began to live there where ,krishna thought of fixing the station 7#cd74 ,,chapter ,,lxv4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,the ,,rainy ,,season4 ,vaishampayana said3--,thus living in ,vrindvana the two highly beautiful sons of ,vasudeva began to range there tending kine 7#b74 ,sporting with the milk-men and bathing in the river ,yamun they spent the summer there happily 7#b74 ,thereupon with the advent of the rainy season that creates desire in the mind of men1 clouds1 containing rainbow1 began to discharge their watery contents 7#c74 ,the sun was enshrouded by the scattering clouds drawing in new water4 ,the ground was rendered invisible by the new grown grass 7#d74 ,with her surface brushed by the new clouds the earth appeared like a youthful damsel 7#e74 ,watered by the new showers1 the forests and the forest-roads were divested of dust and filled with ,sakragopas 7#f74 ,this was the dancing season of the peacocks emitting sweet notes4 ,and elated with passion they began to pour their ,kek notes 7#g74 ,the clouds began to embellish the persons of the beautiful ,kadamva flowers1 that had attained their youth in the wonderful rainy season and which is the only food of the bees 7#h74 ,the forest was scented with the fragrance of ,kadamva flowers and rendered smiling by the ,kutaja flowers4 ,its heat was destroyed by the clouds and the earth was satisfied by the showers of rain4 ,being sprinkled with water by the clouds the mountains1 that had been scorched by the rays of the sun and the forest were1 as it were1 emitting smokes4 ,with terrible winds and huge clouds rising in the sky the earth assumed the appearance of the city of a great king 7#i-aj74 ,adorned hither and thither with ,kadamba and plantain flowers1 that forest1 abounding in delightful ,nipa trees1 shone there like the burning fire 7#aa74 ,smelling the fragrance of the earth wet with the showers of ,indra1 and scattered by the wind the people were stricken with desire 7#ab74 ,the earth was filled with the notes of the maddened bees1 the sound of the frogs and the wonderful ,kek notes of the peacocks 7#ac74 ,with their currents increased by the downpour of rain the rivers1 expanding themselves1 began to carry away the trees grown on their banks4 ,and there were seen all over them quickly moving whirlpools 7#ad74 ,stupified by the continuous showers and having their wings distressed1 the birds1 as if on account of their quiet nature1 did not leave the branches of the trees 7#ae74 ,the sun1 as if1 began to drown himself in the womb of the new clouds surcharged with water and filled with the noise of the falling torrents 7#af74 ,the earth put on1 as if1 a garland of fresh grass4 ,the huge trees1 forming the land marks1 were uprooted and every where was enveloped with water4 ,and it was difficult1 accordingly1 to find out the paths 7#ag74 ,the mountains1 abounding in huge trees1 were as it were1 assailed by thunderbolts and their summits were being carried down by the torrents 7#ah74 ,the forest-land was filled with the torrents of rain flowing down and overflowing the banks of the lakes 7#ai74 ,following the muttering of clouds1 raising up their trunks and running to and fro during the rainy season the elephants looked like clouds coming down on earth 7#bj74 ,in this way when the rains set in ,ronini's son1 in order to see the clouds surcharged with water1 said to ,krishna in private 7#ba74 ,o ,krishna1 look at the dark clouds in the sky adorned with the shining ornaments of lightning4 ,they have1 as if1 stolen away the hue of your person 7#bb74 ,this is the time for your sleep4 ,the sky is like your body4 ,as you every year live secretly in this season so the moon is doing 7#bc74 ,with the advent of the rains1 the sky1 covered with clouds1 growing dark-blue on account of blue clouds and shining like the red-blue lotuses1 is appearing more beautiful 7#bd74 ,behold1 ,o ,krishna1 the charming mountain ,govardhana1 covered with dark clouds surcharged with water1 is giving a lie to its own name of bringing up kine 7#be74 ,greatly worked up with passion on account of the falling of the showers the black-bees are ranging happily all over the forest 7#bf74 ,o you having lotus-like eyes1 the highly tender green grass1 vegetating profusely by the new water1 are1 as if1 trying to cover the earth 7#bg74 ,this rainy season has not been able to increase the beauty of the mountain1 abounding in fountains1 that of the forest filled with water1 and that of cultivated fields enveloped with corns 7#bh74 ,o ,dmodara1 driven by the quick-coursing winds1 these clouds1 with their dreadful mutterings1 are increasing the desire of those living in foreign countries for returning home and are thus displaying shamelessness 7#bi74 ,o ,hari1 ,o you of three foot-steps1 behold1 your second foot-step is embellished with rain-bow of three colors without arrows and string 7#cj74 ,in this month of ,srvana the sun is shorn of his beauty4 ,his scorching rays being cooled down by the clouds1 he1 although of thousand rays1 appears to have none 7#ca74 ,the all-spreading clouds1 agitated like the water of the ocean and accompanied by continuous showers1 have1 as it were1 united the earth and sky 7#cb74 ,the torrents of rain flowing on earth1 and the air1 perfumed with the fragrance of ,nipa1 ,arjuna and ,kadamva flowers and capable of exciting passion1 blowing with sound on high1 the sky1 covered with extensive and heavily showering clouds1 is appearing like a deep and vast ocean 7#cc-cd74 ,armed with effulgent ,nrchas in the shape of showers1 having the cloud for his coat of mail1 and the rain-bow for his bow1 the sky is1 as if1 ready for battle 7#ce74 ,o you of a beautiful countenance1 covered with clouds1 the mountains1 forest and the tops of the trees are looking highly beautiful 7#ef74 ,enveloped with clouds pouring down their watery contents and resembling an army of elephants the sky is imitating the color of the ocean 7#cg74 ,blowing there with drops of water the dread ful blasts of winds1 that shake the tender plants and destroy the gravity of the oceans1 are oppressing all with cold 7#ch74 ,the moon disappearing from view in night after the sun-set1 and the clouds continually discharging showers1 no quarter of the sky1 appears beautiful 7#ci74 ,filled with passing clouds resembling leathern bags full of air1 the sky appears moving like an animate object 7#dj74 ,people can make out very little difference between day and night4 ,what shall ,i speak more1 ,o ,krishna1 see1 ,vrindavana1 relieved of heat and adorned with showers1 is looking beautiful like ,chaitraratha garden 7#da74 ,thus describing the advantages of the rainy season1 ,krishna's elder brother1 the beautiful ,balarma entered ,vraja4 ,pleasing each other ,krishna and ,sangkarshana began to range there in that vast forest in the company of their then kinsmen the cowherds 7#db-dc74 ,an insect 7coccinella of various kinds74 ,a plant commonly ,kadamba 7,nancha ,kadamba7 ,a medicinal plant4 ,the word ,govardhana literally means one who nourishes kine from ,go kine and ,vardhana to nourish4 ,the mountain is so beautifully situated that the kine grow up there without any hitch4 ,but in the rains the mountain has been so covered with clouds that they cannot graze there at ease4 ,it has thus given a lie to the true import of its name4 ,this refers to the sky1 because at the sacrifice of the demon ,bali1 he placed his first foot on earth and the second in the sky4 ,,chapter ,,lxvi4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,kalya4 ,vaishampayana said3--,one day the lotus-eyed ,krishna1 having a dark-blue hue and a beautiful countenance1 capable of assuming forms at will and wearing a feather of crow1 without being united with ,sangkarshana1 began to range alone in that charming forest4 ,bearing the mystic mark of ,srivatsa on his breast he shone there like the moon with the mark of a hare 7#a-b74 ,his arms1 bedecked with ,angadas and his tawny colored two little moving feet shone there like brilliant lotuses 7#c74 ,his two pieces of yellow raiments1 creating delight of the world and resembling the filaments of a lotus1 shone there like the evening clouds 7#d74 ,ropes and rods were shining in his two plump and moving hands engaged in the work of tending kine and worshipped by the celestials 7#e74 ,charming fragrance1 resembling that of a dark-blue lotus1 was coming out from his beautiful and lotus-like mouth adorned with picturesque lips 7#f7 ,his countenance1 embellished with dishevelled locks1 was shining like a lotus encircled by black-bees 7#g74 ,garlands of new grown buds of ,arjuna1 ,kadamba and ,nipa flowers were shining on his head like a garland of stars in the sky 7#h74 ,that hero1 of dark-blue hue of the clouds of the rainy season1 with a garland of the same colour around his neck1 shone there like the month of ,bhdra incarnate 7#i74 ,the clean leaves1 tied to the thread round his neck1 shone there beautiful when shaken by the gentle breeze raised by peacock feathers 7#aj74 ,thus ranging every day in the forest that youth used some where to sing1 some where to sport and walk and some where to make1 of his own accord1 the charming music of of ,parna and bugle for pleasing his kine4 ,ranging in that wonderful forest and fanned by the charming wind proceeding from the trees that powerful and effulgent ,krishna1 dark blue like cloud1 attained to most excellent delight4 ,it was resonant with the notes of peacocks1 its caves were echoed with the muttering of clouds that excite lust in men1 it was adorned with plantain trees and covered with new grown grass1 twigs and lotuses4 ,it abounded in many fountains and was fragrant with the filaments of lotuses like the treath of females expressing their desire 7#aa-ag74 ,while1 ranging in that forest one day1 along with his kine1 he saw there a foremost of trees with high branches 7#ah74 ,enveloped with thick leaves it was stationed on earth like a cloud4 ,with its height it traversed half of the sky and if contained as it were the enjoyment of the wind 7#ai74 ,covered with fruits of blue and diverse other colors and resorted to by various birds it appeared like a cloud accompanied by rain-bow 7#bj74 ,the wind and cloud were as if simultaneously living in the trees resembling houses1 adorned with creepers and flowers and bent down on account of their huge roots 7#ba74 ,as if by his pristine good deeds1 that great tree1 who could give protection against rain and the rays of the sun1 was ruling over others there 7#bb74 ,beholding this ,bhndiraka fig-tree resembling the summit of a mountain the sinless ,lord ,krishna desired to live there 7#bc74 ,thereupon engaged in sport there along with other cow-herd boys of his own age1 as in the city of the celestials1 he spent the day there 7#bd74 ,while ,krishna began to sport there under ,bhndiraka tree the other cow-herds amused him with various wild plays 7#be74 ,the milkmen began to sing there and the boys1 fond of amusing1 sang there many songs relating to ,krishna 7#bf74 ,when they thus began to sing in accompaniment with the music of ,panava1 the powerful ,krishna1 too at times1 played on his flute and ,tumvi 7#bg74 ,one day while tending his kine1 ,krishna1 having the eyes of a bull1 repaired to the bank of ,yamun abounding in trees adorned with creepers 7#bh74 ,he saw the delightful wind blowing on the water2 and the foremost of rivers ,yamun1 embellished with lilies and lotuses1 was as if with her waves1 casting her glances 7#bi74 ,all her landing stairs were well-levelled and her water was sweet2 she had many lakes and her current was strong4 ,and all the trees 7on her bank7 were shaken by the watery air 7#cj74 ,it was resonant with the notes of swans1 ,karandavas and ,srasas and resorted to by ,chakravkas and other fowls that range in pairs 7#ca7 ,her water was filled with acquatic animals1 was endued with all the good qualities1 was variegated with various water-born flowers and was rendered yellow by water-born corals 7#cb74 ,the passing currents were her feet1 the bank was her hip1 the whirlpool was her navel1 the lotuses were her hairs1 the cavity of the bank was her belly1 the three curves of the wave were her three marks on the fore-head1 the sides of the bank were her expansive face1 the foams were her teeth1 the swans were her smiles1 the dark-blue lotuses were her lips1 the water-born flowers were her eyes having bent down eye-brows1 the lakes were her forehead1 the corals were her beautiful hairs1 the long extending currents were her high arms1 the serpents were her ears1 the geese were her ear-rings1 the lotuses were her beautiful eyes1 the trees grown on her banks were her ornaments1 the fishes were her ornaments for the waist1 the other sorts of corals were her silken raiment1 the notes of ,srasas were the sound of her ,nupuras1 the ,ksa flowers were her cloth1 the ,swans and tortoises were the auspicious marks1 fishes and crocodiles were her pastes2 the animals were playing in the ditch and men formed her rising breasts4 ,the animals were agitating her water and her banks were filled with hermitages4 ,seeing this beautiful river ,yamun1 the queen of the ocean1 ,krishna1 as if to beautify her the more1 was ranging there 7#cc--da74 ,ranging thus he saw there a vast lake filled with deep water and resembling the sky crested with clouds4 ,it extended over a ,yojana and even the celestials could not cross it4 ,its water was deep and motionless like that of the ocean4 ,it was cast off by beasts1 acquatic animals and water-fowls4 ,there being many ponds with serpents on its bank1 people1 with very great difficulty1 could traverse it4 ,it was enveloped with smoke proceeding from poisonous trees4 ,the sages1 desirous of performing three oblations in a day1 could not enjoy its water4 ,what to speak of its being used by men requiring water it was unworthy even of the beasts4 ,even the birds could not range in the sky overhanging it and the grass burnt up in no time as soon as it fell into it4 ,even the gods could not approach that lake extending over a ,yojana on all sides4 ,and the trees there were being consumed by the dreadful poisonous fire 7#db-dg74 ,beholding in that province freed from all calamities1 such a huge lake at a distance of a ,krosa north of ,vraja ,krishna began to think 7#dh74 ,to whom does this huge and deep lake belong8 ,methinks that dreadful king of serpents ,kalya1 resembling a heap of collyrium of whom ,i had heard before and who has left the ocean in fear of the king of birds ,garuda1 who feeds on serpents1 is living here4 ,by him this ,yamun1 flowing to the ocean1 has been polluted 7#di-ea74 ,and in fear of that king of serpents no one lives here4 ,protected by the ministers of that serpent king1 doing him good1 this dreadful forest1 filled with grass and various trees and creepers1 has become unworthy of being resorted to like the sky and being touched like a poisonous food 7#eb-ed74 ,the banks1 filled with corals1 trees and creepers1 are being protected by his attendants1 doing him good4 ,and two artificial roads are seen running over its two banks 7#ee74 ,i should1 however1 vanquish this king of serpents4 ,i should defeat the serpent in such a way as may render the water of lake useful to the inhabitants of ,vraja1 and so that delightful winds may blow here and the landing stairs may become worthy of use 7#ef-eg74 ,in order to vanquish these wicked ones always following the wrong ways ,i have taken my birth as a milkman and am living amongst the cow-herds 7#eh74 ,therefore sporting like a child ,i shall climb this ,kadamba tree1 jump into the lake and vanquish ,kalya 7#ei74 ,doing this my superior power of arms will be known to all 7#fj74 ,,chapter ,,lxvii4 ,,krishna ,,subdues ,,kalya4 ,vaishampayana said3--,thinking thus ,krishna repaired to the bank of the river4 ,tying his cloth firmly he1 with delight1 got upon the ,kadamba tree 7#a74 ,climbing up to the top of the tree and emitting a leonine roar the cloud-hued and lotus-eyed ,krishna jumped headlong down into the lake 7#b74 ,that lake1 of the river ,yamun1 was agitated by his fall4 ,and the water thereof overflowed 7on all sides7 like scattering clouds 7#c74 ,the huge abode of the serpent 7,klya7 was shaken by that sound4 ,and the serpents1 with their eyes reddened with anger1 rose up from the water 7#d74 ,thereupon was seen the king of serpents ,klya endued with the hue of clouds1 having eyes reddened with ire1 five hoods1 a fiery countenance and tongue and effulgent like the flames of fire 7#e-f74 ,the entire lake was covered with his hood burning like fire and five huge and dreadful faces were seen above 7the water7 7#g74 ,when that king of serpents was burning in his energy and anger the water there appeared as if boiling and the river ,yamun1 stricken with fear1 flew in her opposite course 7#h74 ,beholding ,krishna coming to the lake and sporting like a boy he had powerful winds issue out of his mouth filled with the fire of anger 7#i74 ,scintiliations of fire1 accompanied by smoke1 came out from the mouth of that king of serpents4 ,all the huge trees1 which were grown on the bank near him1 were in no time consumed by the fire of anger discharged by that king of serpents1 resembling the very incarnation of the end of a ,yuga4 ,thereupon his son ,dra and his servants1 the other leading serpents of incomparable energy1 came there vomitting the dreadful fire of venom accompanied by smokes 7#aj-ab74 ,thereupon they made ,krishna enter into a circle of their hoods4 ,having his hands and feet made incapable of putting forth any exertion he stood there motionless like a mountain 7#ac74 ,the leading serpents began to sprinkle ,krishna with water vitiated by their teeth4 ,the powerful ,krishna however did not die 7#ad74 ,in the meantime the cow-herd boys1 filled with fear1 returned weeping to ,vraja and with suppressed voice said 7#ae73 ,out of foolishness ,krishna is drowned in the lake ,klya4 ,the king of serpents is devouring him4 ,do ye all come without delay 7#af74 ,do ye speedily go and communicate to ,nanda and his followers that ,krishna is being dragged into the lake by the serpent 7#ag74 ,hearing those words like unto the fall of a thunderbolt the milk-man ,nanda was greatly distressed with sorrow and speedily went to that most excellent lake 7#ah74 ,all the inhabitants of ,vraja1 accompanied by the youthful ,sangkarshana1 boys1 old men and young ladies1 arrived at the watery abode of that king of serpents 7#ai74 ,having reached the the bank of that lake all the milkmen1 headed by ,nanda1 stricken with shame1 surprise and sorrow1 began to bewail with their eyes full of tears4 ,some cried1 exclaiming ,oh1 son6 while others said ,alas6 woe to us6 7#bj-ba74 ,whereas others1 assailed greatly by fear1 cried ,alas6 ,we are all slain6 ,the women1 crying aloud1 said to ,yashod ,alas6 ,we are all killed4 ,behold your son brought under the control of the king of serpents4 ,he is trembling there as if churned1 like ambrosia1 by the hood of the serpent 7#bb-bc74 ,forsooth1 your heart is made of stone1 since it is not breaking assunder even beholding your son in this plight 7#bd74 ,see1 the milkman ,nanda1 filled with grief1 is standing on the bank of the lake like one unconscious1 fixing his look on the face of his son 7#be74 ,following ,yashod we shall rather enter into this lake1 the abode of the serpents4 ,and still we will not return to ,vraja without ,dmodara 7#bf74 ,without ,krishna ,vraja shall never appear beautiful like the day shorn of the sun1 or the night shorn of the moon or the cow divorced from the bull4 ,separated from ,krishna we shall not go there like a cow without her calf 7#bg74 ,hearing the lamentations of the male and female inhabitants of ,vraja1 and of ,nanda and the cries of ,yashod1 ,sangkarshana1 who though of one mind1 one body and one intelligence1 was still a separate person1 said in anger to ,krishna 7#bh-bi73--,o ,krishna1 ,o thou of large-arms1 ,o thou who dost enhance the delight of the milkmen1 do thou soon destroy this venomous serpent-king 7#cj74 ,o my brother1 ,o my lord1 all these our relations have human understandings and so they are bewailing for thee considering thee a human being 7#ca74 ,hearing those wise words of ,rohini's son1 ,krishna sportively raised up his arms and rose up snapping the fetters of the serpents 7#cb74 ,and placing his feet on the hoods of the serpent-king that were above the water he got hold of his bead with his hands 7#cc74 ,then rising up1 by force1 on his middle head1 ,krishna1 who was adorned with a beautiful ,angada1 began to dance there 7#cd74 ,thus grinded by ,krishna the hoods of that serpent-king became pale and blood came out therefrom4 7,klya7 then with dreadful accents said to him 7#ce74 ,o ,krishna of a beautiful countenance1 unwittingly did ,i display anger against thee4 ,but now ,i have been vanquished and subdued by thee and my venom has been destroyed4 ,do thou give me my life and command me whom ,i am to serve along with my wife1 children and friends 7#cf-cg74 ,beholding that five-hooded serpent-king and hearing his distressful words1 the ,lord ,krishna1 having the enemy of serpents as his carrier1 replied like one having no anger 7#ch73--,o serpent1 ,i do not wish to allow you to live in this water of ,yamun4 ,therefore repair to the ocean with your wife and kinsmen 7#ci74 ,after this whoever amongst your sons and servants shall be seen either in the water or on the land of this province he will be killed by me 7#dj74 ,o king of serpents1 let this water prove wholesome unto all and yourself proceed to the mighty deep4 ,if you remain here after this you will be visited by a great calamity that will bring about the termination of your life 7#da74 ,if ,garuda1 the enemy of serpents1 behold in the ocean1 my foot-marks on your head he will not kill you 7#db74 7,thus accosted by the ,lord7 that foremost of serpents ,kalya1 carrying on his head ,krishna's foot-marks1 fled away stealthily from the lake in the very presence of the milk-men 7#dc74 ,after the king of serpents had thus fled away vanquished the ,lord came out from the water and stood on the bank4 ,filled with surprise the milk-men chanted his glories and circumambulated him 7#dd74 ,thereupon those milk-men1 living in the forest1 delightedly said to ,nanda3 ,indeed thou art fortunate and a favourite of the gods since your son is 7so very powerful7 7#de74 ,from to-day1 ,o sinless one1 the powerful ,krishna1 having large eyes1 will be a refuge of the milk-men in their perils and a protector of the kine in the cow-shed 7#df74 ,the water of the ,yamun has become everywhere delightful and wholesome4 ,from now all our kine will happily range in every landing stair 7#dg74 ,really we are milk-men for we have not been able to know ,krishna truly in ,vraja like fire covered with ashes 7#dh74 ,thereupon eulogising the immortal ,krishna the milk-men1 filled with surprise1 entered their hamlet like unto the celestials entering the ,chitraratha garden 7#di74 ,when a cycle terminates every thing in the world is destroyed4 ,the serpent is compared to this termination for every thing there was destroyed by his dreadful venom4 ,this refers to ,garuda whom ,vishnu used to ride4 ,garuda used to devour serpents and was thus their enemy4 ,,chapter ,,lxiii4 ,,the ,,destruction ,,of ,,khara ,,and ,,dhenuka4 ,vaishampayana said3--,after the king of serpents had been vanquished by ,krishna in the lake of ,yamun ,rma and ,keshava began to range there 7#a74 ,thereupon going to the mountain ,govarddhana along with their precious kine1 those two heroic sens of ,vasudeva beheld a huge forest of palm trees1 situate1 on its north1 on the bank of ,yamun 7#b-c74 ,they were greatly delighted at its sight and began to range in that charming forest of palm trees covered with palm leaves like two new grown plants 7#d74 ,it was well levelled1 cool1 coated with black earth and profuse grass and was freed from stones and clods of earth4 ,dark-blue and tall palm trees1 with fruits and branches hanging1 shone there like the trunks of elephants 7#e-f74 ,while thus ranging ,dmodara1 the foremost of speakers1 said to ,sangkarshana3--,o reverend sir1 this forest-land is perfumed with the fragrance of ripe palm fruits4 ,let us both quickly pluck the sweet1 ripe and dark-blue fruits4 ,while its smell is so very sweet and pleasing to the odiferous organ it must undoubtedly be delicious like ambrosia4 ,this is 7in short7 my conviction 7#g-i74 ,hearing the words of ,dmodara1 ,rohini's son smilingly shook the trees with a view of felling down the fruits 7#aj74 ,appearing like a desert1 although very useful1 that forest of palm trees was unworthy of being resorted to and traversed by men like a habitation of the ,rkshasas 7#aa74 ,for encircled by a herd of mules that huge and dreadful demon ,dhenuka used always to live there1 in the shape of an ass 7#ab74 ,terrifying men1 beasts and birds there that wicked minded ass used to protect the forest of palm trees 7#ac74 ,hearing the sound of the fall of palm fruits he grew exceedingly enraged and could not bear it like unto an elephant 7#ad74 ,shaking his manes in anger1 lifting up his tail in delight and scratching the earth with his hoof that ,daitya1 of motionless eyes and wide lips1 followed the sound of palm fruits and arrived where the son of ,rohini was 7#ae-af74 ,beholding under the palm tree that immortal son of ,rohini resembling a flag in form1 that ,daitya-chief ,khara1 having the teeth for his weapon1 all on a sudden bit him2 and then turning back his face he struck his breast with his long legs 7#ag-ah7 ,then holding that demon in the shape of an ass by the legs and whirling his head and shoulders 7,sangkarshana7 threw him up on the top of the palm tree 7#af74 ,he too1 with his thighs1 waist1 neck and back mutilated and a disfigured form1 fell down on earth along with palm fruits 7#bj74 ,beholding that ass thus dead and shorn of beauty ,baladeva threw up his other relations too on the top of the tree 7#ba74 ,at that time the ground there was covered with palm fruits and bodies of the asses and it shone there like the autumnal sky covered with clouds 7#bb74 ,thus when that ,daitya1 in the form of an ass1 was slain with all his followers that forest of palm trees assumed again a picturesque view 7#bc74 ,when that most excellent white forest of palm trees was shorn of fear the kine began to range there with great glee 7#bd74 ,and entering that forest the milkmen1 rangers of woods1 began to move about on all sides divested of sorrow and fear 7#be74 ,observing the kine roam on all sides at ease the two sons of ,vasudeva1 powerful like elephants1 spread there seats of grass and sat down at ease 7#bf74 ,there is still a mountain of the same name within a few miles' distance from the town of ,mathura in ,n4 ,w4 ,p4 ,,chapter ,,lxiv4 ,,the ,,destruction ,,of ,,the ,,demon ,,pralamva ,vaishampayana said3--,thereupon leaving off that forest of palm trees the two sons of ,vasudeva again came to the ,bhandira tree 7#a74 ,traversing that prosperous forest land and tending the ever increasing flock of kine those two beautiful subduers of enemies began to strike their arms and sing4 ,sometimes they collected the trees and called the kine with their calves by names 7#b-c74 ,they had ropes hanging on their shoulders and their breasts were adorned with garlands of auspicious wild flowers4 ,and they looked like two bulls with new-grown horns 7#d74 ,having the hue of gold and powdered collyrium and clad in apparels of the same color with their respective persons1 those two boys appeared like white and black clouds accompanied by rain-bow 7#e74 ,traversing the forest-ways along with their comrades1 making beautiful ear-rings with the tips of ,ku grass or flowers1 and putting on wild dresses they sometimes sported on the mount ,govardhana1 sometimes in the forest and some times in the table-land4 ,they thus engaged in a sport which was celebrated all over the world 7#f-g74 ,thus following human conduct and engaging in a play introduced by milk-men they1 who were worshipful even unto the celestials1 began to range in the forest 7#h74 ,thus sporting1 they1 within a short time1 reached the ,bhndiraka fig-tree covered with growing branches--the best of the kind 7#i74 ,they1 who were experts in fighting1 began to play there with cradles1 nets and stones 7#aj74 ,those two heroes1 powerful like lions1 began to display there1 in the company of cow-herd boys1 of their own accord and with delight1 many a martial feat 7#aa74 ,while they were thus playing1 the foremost of ,asuras1 by name ,pralamva1 came there with a view to kill them and began to find out their weak points 7#ab74 ,assuming the form of a cow-herd and adorned with wild flowers that ,asura began to tempt the two brothers with his play and smiles 7#ac74 ,adopting a human form1 although not born in the race of men that foremost of ,dnavas1 fearlessly joined their company 7#ad74 ,considering him1 who came there in the form of a milk-man1 as their friend1 those cow-herds began to play with that enemy of the immortals 7#ae74 ,searching their weak points ,pralamva too1 who had assumed the guise of a milk-man1 cast his dreadful looks at ,krishna and ,rohini's son 7#af74 ,then considering ,krishna of wonderful prowess as irrepressible he gave him up and made up his mind for destroying ,baladeva 7#ag74 ,o sinless one1 at that time the ,lord introduced a new of play of leaping in pairs4 ,and all of them engaged in it 7#ah74 ,krishna jumped with another milk-boy by name ,sridma and ,sangkarshana with ,pralamva1 ,o sinless one 7#ai74 ,the other milk-boys1 of inferior strength1 began to leap with great force in the company of their comrades 7#bj74 ,krishna defeated ,sridma and ,rohini's son ,pralamva and other boys were vanquished by those of ,krishna's party 7#ba74 ,thereupon carrying on their shoulders the victorious those1 who were vanquished1 came delightedly and quickly to the root of the ,bhndiraka tree and soon reached their appointed quarter4 ,and carrying on his shoulders ,baladeva1 the foremost of ,dnavas1 ,pralamva1 began to proceed quickly in an opposite direction like a cloud with the moon 7#bb-bc74 ,being unable to carry the weight of the intelligent son of ,rohini that huge-bodied 7demon7 increased 7his body7 like a cloud attacked by ,sakra 7#bd74 ,then that foremost of ,danavas ,pralamva displayed his own body huge as the ,bhandiraka fig-tree and effulgent like a mountain of burnt collyrium 7#be74 ,then that huge-faced and huge-necked dreadful demon1 having eyes like unto the wheels of a car1 a head adorned with a sun-like coronet of five layers and resembling ,death himself1 shone like a cloud attacked by the sun4 ,the earth sank under the weight of his feet 7#bf-bg74 ,as ,death carries away men sunk in the waves of the ocean1 so the great demon ,pralamva1 the foremost of heroes1 adorned with long garlands and other ornaments and clad in a long raiment1 carried away quickly and stealthily ,rohini's son like a cloud surcharged with water4 ,while thus carried away by him ,sangkarshana shone there like the moon in the sky carried by dreadful clouds 7#bh-cj74 ,beholding himself on the shoulders of the demon the dreadful ,sangkarshana began to cherish suspicions in his mind and said to ,krishna 7#ca74 ,o ,krishna1 ,i am being carried away by this ,daitya huge like a mountain and clad in a coat of mail who has displayed a great illusion and assumed the form of a man 7#cb74 ,this wicked-minded ,pralamva has grown exceedingly in pride and his power has doubled itself4 ,how shall ,i vanquish him8 7#cc7 ,krishna knew very well the character and strength of ,rohini's son and therefore smilingly and quietly said to him in joyous words 7#cd73-,o god1 thou art identical with the universe and art subtler than the subtle4 ,thou art merely showing the conduct of a man 7#ce74 ,do thou meditate thy own ,nryana form at the time of the revolution of the worlds4 ,do thou now know of thy own true form and body 7which thou didst manifest at the time of the7 union of the ancient ,rishis1 powerful on account of their own faculties1 of the oceans1 ,brahm and water 7#cf-cg74 ,the sky is thy head1 the water is thy form1 the earth is thy forgiveness1 the fire is thy mouth1 the life of all the worlds is thy breath1 the air is thy abode1 and thy mind is the creator all 7#ch74 ,thou art of thousand faces1 thousand limbs1 thousand feet1 thousand eyes1 thousand lotus-navels and thousand rays1 and the slayer of thy enemies 7#ci74 ,the celestials behold what thou didst display before4 ,none can find out what had not been said by thee before 7#dj74 ,whatever is capable of being known in this world thou hast made them all known4 ,all the celestials do not know what thou alone dost know 7#da74 ,the deities see thy own natural etherial form and worship that artificial form of thine1 begotten of thy own self 7which thou didst assume in the golden age7 7#db74 ,the gods can not see thy end and therefore thou dost pass by the appellation of ,ananta4 ,thou art alone subtle and beyond the comprehension of the subtle 7#dc74 ,o god1 thou art the pillar of this universe4 ,and stationed in thee this world1 the source of the origin of all creatures1 is upholding all the regions 7#dd74 ,my body extends over the four oceans and thou hast instituted the division of the four ,varnas4 ,thou art the lord of the four ,yugas and the eater of the fruits of the four ,hotras 7#de74 ,although we both are of one body1 we have assumed two different forms for protecting the universe1 mobile and immobile4 ,as ,i am the ,lord of the universe so thou art 7#df74 ,i am the eternal ,krishna and thou art the ancient ,sesha4 ,thou art the ever-existent god ,sesha of the world4 ,the world is upheld by our body divided in twain 7#dg74 ,i am identical with thee and thou art at one with me4 ,both of us are highly powerful and of one body 7#dh74 ,what is the use1 ,o ,god1 of waiting like one having no sense8 ,do thou strike forcibly1 with thy fist1 firm as a thunder-bolt1 the head of this ,dnava1 the enemy of the celestials 7#di74 ,vaishampayana said3--,hearing those words of ,krishna and recollecting the ancient history the mighty-armed son of ,rohini was filled with his own strength pervading the three worlds and with his well-formed fist resembling a thunder-bolt struck the wicked ,pralamva on the head 7#ej-ea74 ,his head1 shorn of its fore part1 entered into the body of the ,danava and he too1 divested of his life1 touched the ground with his knees 7#eb74 ,thereupon1 with his body out-stretched on the ground ,pralamva looked like a cloud scattered on the sky 7#ec74 ,as streams of water1 mixed with various minerals1 come out of the summit of a mountain so blood came out of his body shorn of head 7#ed74 ,having thus slain ,pralamva and withdrawn his own strength the powerful son of ,rohini embraced ,krishna 7#ee74 ,thereupon ,krishna1 along with the gods stationed in the sky and milkmen began to chant the glories of the highly powerful ,baladeva with benedictory hymns bespeaking his victory 7#ef74 ,in the sky was heard an invisible voice of the celestials declaring ,this ,daitya has been by force killed by a boy of unwearied actions 7#eg74 ,thus on that ,daitya1 irrepressible unto the deities1 being slain1 the celestials1 stationed in the sky1 gave him the name ,baladeva after his action4 ,therefore all the worlds call him by the name of ,baladeva 7#eh-ei74 ,the word in the text literally means the bow of ,indra4 ,according to the ,hindu mythology the rain-bow is supposed to be the bow of ,indra who is the presiding deity of rain and showers4 ,literally means one having no end4 ,the ,god has no beginning or end4 ,according to the ,hindu mythology the world is bounded by the four oceans on the four sides4 ,this figuratively refers to the universal form of the ,god4 ,there are four principal ,varnas or castes1 the ,brhmanas1 ,kshatriyas1 ,vaisyas and ,sudras4 ,the ,brhmanas are said to have sprung from the mouth of ,brahma and belong to the sacerdotal class4 ,the ,kshatriyas1 or the military caste1 are said to have arisen from ,his arms4 ,the ,vaisyas or the trading class are said to have sprung from ,his thighs and the ,sudra or the servile class from ,his feet4 ,the earliest reference to the origin of caste is seen in a hymn of the ,rig-,veda called ,purusha ,sukta4 ,there are various other accounts seen in the various ,puranas4 ,yuga is an age of the world of which there are four namely1 ,satya1 ,treta1 ,dwapara and ,kali4 ,an article intended as fit for offering with fire4 ,burnt offering1 oblation with fire4 ,a name of ,balaveda4 ,it is also the name of the serpent-king1 the thousand-headed snake who was the couch and canopy of ,vishnu4 ,,chapter ,,lxx4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,indra-,,yajna4 ,vaishampayana said3--,thus ranging and sporting in the forest ,krishna and ,baladeva spent the two months of the rainy season 7#a74 ,thereupon returning to ,vraja those two heroic brothers heard that arrangements were being made for performing a ,yajna in honor of ,indra and that the milkmen were busily engaged in merriments 7#b74 ,seeing this1 ,krishna1 filled with curiosity1 asked ,what is that ,sakra sacrifice for which you are all filled with delight8 7#c7 ,amongst them an elderly milk-man replied3--,hear1 why ,indra's flag is worshipped 7#d74 ,o subduer of thy enemies1 ,indra1 the king of the celestials and the lord of the world1 is the master of clouds4 ,for this reason from time immemorial and coming down from one family to another1 this festival is being celebrated 7#e74 ,commanded by him and embellished by his bow the clouds produce corns with new showers of rain 7#f74 ,pleased with witnessing this festival the ,lord ,purandara1 the giver of clouds and water1 and the partaker of many sacrifices1 brings about the gratification of the entire world 7#g74 ,we and other men live by the corns produced by him and the celestials are also gratified thereby 7#h74 ,corns grow up when the king of gods sends down showers4 ,and when the earth is gratified with oblations the whole universe appears as if full of ambrosia 7#i74 ,fed by the grass produced by him the kine1 with the bulls and calves1 have attained to nourishment and easiness 7#aj74 ,wherever the cloud1 pouring down water1 is seen1 there is observed neither a piece of ground shorn of grass and corns nor an hungry animal 7#aa74 ,the nectarine rays1 of the sun that are milched by the ,lord ,sakra1 are discharged by the clouds in the form of ambrosia-like showers of rain 7#ab74 ,the mighty leonine roar1 announced by the air1 which he emits with force from the clouds1 is designated by the people as the muttering of clouds 7#ac74 ,the terrible sound1 that he sends forth when carried by clouds accompanied by the wind1 is heard like the clap of a thunder-bolt that shatters the mountains 7#ad74 ,o my child1 as the great ,lord ,siva is encircled by the goblins1 so ,indra1 surrounded by clouds coursing at will1 and stationed in the sky1 sends down showers accompanied by the clap of a thunder-bolt 7#ae74 ,sometimes resembling an unfair day1 sometimes resembling scattered gold1 sometimes resembling collyrium and sometimes pouring water in drops the clouds paint the sky4 ,thus extracting water from the earth through the rays of the sun1 ,indra1 the giver of water1 sends it down again on earth for the behoof of all creatures 7#af-ah74 ,for these reasons ,o ,krishna1 this rainy season has been fixed upon as the time for worshipping ,indra4 ,the kings and others men with delight worship ,indra in the rainy season4 ,we too do so 7#ai74 ,in ,india the year is divided into six seasons of two months each4 ,this shows that the ancient ,hindus were not ignorant of the scientific formation of clouds4 ,,chapter ,,lxxi4 ,,krishna ,,protests ,,against ,,indra-,,yajna3 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,autumn4 ,vaishampayana said3--,hearing the words of the aged milk-men regarding the festivity of ,indra1 ,dmodara well-informed of ,sakra's might1 said to him 7#a74 ,we are all milk-men who range in the forest4 ,the precious kine constitute our subsistence4 ,we should therefore worship the kine1 the mountains and the forests 7#b74 ,cultivation is the means of subsistence to the cultivators1 merchandise is to the merchants and the cow is the best means of livelihood to us4 ,this has been laid down by the scholars well-read in the three ,vedas 7#c74 ,the respective profession of each caste is their great ,god1 is worshipful1 adorable and beneficial unto them4 ,he1 who1 benefitted by one1 worships another1 is visited by two fold calamities in this world1 and in the next after death4 ,the fields are protected by cultivation1 the forests are preserved by fields and the mountains are supported by forests and these mountains are our only refuge4 ,i have heard that the mountains1 which exist in this forest1 assume forms at their will4 ,and adopting various shapes they sport in their table-lands 7#d-f74 ,sometimes assuming the forms of tigers1 the foremost of those having claws or those of lions adorned with manes1 they frighten those who devastate the forest and thus protect their respective woods 7#g74 ,when tribes living in the forest or those obtaining their livelihood through it disfigure a wood1 they1 with their work of eating up manliness1 destroy them in no time 7#h74 ,the ,brhmanas perform ,yajnas wherein the ,mantras play an important part1 the cultivators should perform a sacrifice in honor of a furrow and we milk-men should celebrate one in honor of the mountains4 ,therefore we should worship the mountains in the forest 7#i74 ,methinks1 therefore1 ,o milk-men1 that engaged in celebrating a ,yajna in honor of the mountains do ye engage in actions after your own hearts either at the foot of a tree or of a mountain 7#aj74 ,digging wells and setting up sheds in that auspicious place and slaying beasts of sacrifice let the milk-men carry on their festivity4 ,there is no need of holding a discussion over it 7#aa74 ,circumambulating that best of mountains embellished with autumnal flowers the kine will again return to ,vraja 7#ab74 ,every one is filled with delight in this charming autumn shorn of clouds1 endued with many virtues and abounding in delicious water affording satisfaction to the kine and in grass 7#ac74 ,somewhere rendered white by blossoming ,pryaka flowers and somewhere made dark blue by ,bnasanas the forest1 abounding in full-grown grass and shorn of peacocks1 is appearing greatly beautiful 7#ad74 ,clear clouds1 shorn of water and lightnings1 are moving in the sky like a herd of elephants 7#ae74 ,the trees1 enveloped with new grown foliage1 are as if being pleased by the continual muttering of clouds drawing in new water 7#af74 ,having the white cloud for its head-gear1 fanned by the swan-like chowries and with the full-moon for its umbrella the sky is shining like a newly installed king 7#ag74 ,after the termination of the rainy season all the tanks and pools are as if smiling with the rows of swans4 ,and as if filled with the cries of ,srasas1 they are daily decreasing in size 7#ah74 ,the rivers1 flowing towards the ocean having the ,chakravakas for their breast1 the banks for their waist and the swans for their smiles1 are as if going to their husbands 7#ai74 ,the water1 beautified by the full blown lilies and the sky crested with stars1 as if mock each other in the night 7#bj74 ,beholding the highly charming forest resonant with the notes of ,kraunchas and blued with the ripe ,kalama paddy one attains to delight of mind 7#ba74 ,the tanks1 pools1 lakes and rivers and fields1 embellished with blossoming trees1 are appearing highly beautiful 7#bb74 ,copper coloured and dark-blue lotuses are appearing in the beauty of new water 7#bc74 ,the peacocks are freed of haughtiness1 the sky is divested of clouds1 the oceans are full of water and the wind is gradually assuming proportions 7#bd74 ,the earth is appearing as if of many eyes by the feathers cast off by the peacocks after their dancing in the rainy season 7#be74 ,with her banks full of mud and covered with ,ksa flowers and creepers and abounding in swans and ,srasas the river ,yamun is appearing highly beautiful 7#bf74 ,ranging in fields filled with corns ripened in proper season and in the forest1 the birds1 living on corns and water1 are emitting notes in excitement 7#bg74 ,the tender corns1 on which the clouds poured their watery contents in the rainy season1 have grown hardened 7#bh74 ,casting off his cloudy raiment and illumined by the autumn the moon is1 as if1 ranging with a delighted heart1 in the clear sky 7#bi74 ,now the kine have been yielding milk in double the quantity1 the bulls have become two-fold maddened1 the forest has become twice beautiful and the earth has become highly accomplished with corns 7#cj74 ,the luminous bodies1 divested of clouds1 the water beautified with lotuses1 and the mind of men are daily becoming delightful 7#ca74 ,divested of clouds and shining in autumnal effulgence the sun1 of powerful rays1 is spreading its lustre on all sides and drawing the water 7#cb74 ,having excited their respective armies the kings1 the protectors of the world1 desirous of achieving victory1 are proceeding against one another 7#cc74 ,the variegated and charming woods1 with the mud dried up and reddened by ,vandhujiva flowers1 are creating the delight of the mind 7#cd74 ,the blossoming ,asana1 ,saptaparna and ,knchana trees are beautifying the forest 7#ce74 ,vnsana1 ,dantivitapa1 ,pryaka ,svarnaparna1 and ,ketaki trees have been covered with flowers and the she-owls and black-bees are moving about hither and thither 7#cf74 ,as if assuming the beauty of a harlot the autumnal season is walking in ,vraja and cow-sheds filled with the sound of churning rods 7#cg74 ,the foremost of the celestials 7,vishnu71 having the emblem of ,garuda on his flag1 was happily sleeping during the rainy season4 ,the deities are now trying to awaken him 7#ch74 ,o ye milk-men1 in this autumn abounding in beautiful corns1 we will worship the foremost of mountains1 resembling the abode of the wind-god1 resorted to by white1 red and blue birds1 filled with fruits like clouds adorned with the bow of ,indra1 crested with groves of creepers and trees and adorned with expansive table-lands4 ,we will1 in particular1 worship the kine 7#ci-da74 ,adorning the cows with ear-rings1 horns1 chaplets of peacock feathers1 bells hanging around their necks and autumnal flowers1 do ye worship them for your well-being4 ,and let the yajna1 in honor of the mountain1 be undertaken4 ,we will celebrate a yajna in honor of the mountain as ,sakra is worshipped by the celestials4 ,and forsooth we will compel you to perform the yajna for the cows4 ,if you have any love for me1 and if ,i am your friend1 then do ye all worship the kine4 ,do not cherish any doubt in this4 ,if you cherish these my conciliating words1 you will meet with your well-being4 ,therefore without questioning its purpose do ye fulfill my words 7#db-de74 ,in this ,chapter it will be seen that ,krishna attempts to put a stop to ,indra-,yajna or a sacrifice in honor of the god of rain4 ,it is evident from the manner in which he preaches against it that he was opposed to lifeless rituals and ceremonials4 ,he exhorts all the people of his clan to believe that every body's calling1 on which depends his livelihood1 is a god to him4 ,he was not for useless ceremonies and rituals and always tried to present before his country a higher form of faith1 freed from the prevailing superstitions4 ,but he introduced it in a very mild form and for this he did not revolutionize the existing modes of things4 ,this his stand against ,indra-,yajna1 and his introduction of the worship of mountain1 forest c ultimately developed itself into the great religion of ,duty which he preached in his after life4 ,to worship one's own means of livelihood1 when stripped off metaphor1 means to perform one's own duty considering it as sacred as the worship of a deity4 ,this incident of introducing a new form of religion also proves his superhuman power4 ,being a mere boy he produced so great an influence over his people that they left off their established form of religion and followed him4 ,the ,bheels or other barbarous tribes who live in the forest4 ,the milk-men or others who obtain their means of livelihood either by tending their kine in the forest or selling the produce of the forest4 ,,chapter ,,lxxii4 ,,the ,,reply ,,of ,,the ,,gopas4 ,vaishampayana said3--,hearing the words of ,dmodara the ,gopas were greatly delighted2 and being informed of the true import of his nectarine words they unhesitatingly replied 7#a73 ,o boy1 we have been highly pleased seeing this thy understanding conducive to the multiplication of the kine and the well-being of the milk-men 7#b74 ,o ,krishna1 thou art our course1 delight and refuge4 ,thou dost understand our hearts and art our saviour in great disasters4 ,thou art the friend of our friends 7#c74 ,by thy favour1 this entire hamlet of milk-men the delightful ,gokula has been shorn of her enemies4 ,and filled with auspiciousness she is living with joy and happiness like the city of the celestials 7#d74 ,witnessing these thy deeds worthy of being seen and which it is impossible for others to perform1 beginning with thy birth and hearing thy haughty words our minds have been filled with surprise 7#e74 ,as ,purandara is amongst the celestials so thou hast acquired supremacy amongst men by thy matchless strength1 power1 and fame 7#f74 ,by thy fierce power and consummate effulgence thou hast acquired superiority amongst the mortals like unto the sun amongst the deities 7#g74 ,as is the moon amongst the gods1 so thou hast acquired prominence amongst men by thy grace1 beauty1 delightful countenance and smiles 7#h74 ,in strength1 energy1 body1 and feats performed in boyhood only ,krtikeya can equal thee4 ,there is none to match thee amongst men 7#i74 ,as the great ocean cannot overleap its bank so who can disregard your proposal regarding the performance of a yajna in honor of the mountain 7#aj78 ,let now for the well-being of the kine and milkmen the ,giri-yajana1 instituted by thee1 be undertaken by us in the place of the ,indra-yajna 7#aa74 ,let delightful viands of milk be prepared and let beautiful jars be placed at the drinking-place 7#ab74 ,let spacious rivers and ,dronis be filled with milk and take such a quantity of fried meat and various sorts of food and drink to the mountain that the ,gopas may spend three nights 7#ac-ad74 ,let this yajna1 consisting of all milkmen and abounding in the meat of buffalo and other beasts1 be at once undertaken 7#ae74 ,thereupon the entire village of milkmen was filled with glee along with the delighted kine4 ,then with the sound of trumpets1 the roar of the bulls and the cries of the calves the ,gopas were greatly rejoiced4 ,lakes of curd1 whirlpools of clarified butter and rivers of milk were made there4 ,a heap of meat and a mountain-like collection of of boiled rice were taken to the mountain4 ,thus the ,giri-,yajna was undertaken by all the milkmen there4 ,there were present the delighted ,gopas and the beautiful milk-women4 ,hundreds of eating-places were set up there4 ,it abounded in garlands1 various sorts of perfumeries and incense4 ,various articles of sacrifice were spread there duly4 ,and thus in the auspicious hour the ,gopas1 along with the ,brhmanas1 celebrated the ,giri-,yajna 7#af-bj74 ,after the termination of the yajna1 ,krishna1 assuming1 by his illusive energy1 the form of a mountain1 feasted on that most excellent rice1 meat1 curd and milk 7#ba74 ,the ,brhmanas too were pleased with eating there and all their desires were accomplished4 ,and uttering there delightedly the verses of benediction they went away 7#bb74 ,assuming a celestial form and partaking of the food and drink after his own heart in that sacrifice the ,lord ,krishna smilingly said ,i am satisfied 7#bc74 ,then beholding on the top of the hill ,krishna in the form of a mountain embellished with celestial garlands and pastes1 the leading ,gopas1 bowing1 sought refuge with him 7#bd74 ,the omnipotent ,lord ,krishna1 having his true form hidden by the mountain1 himself adored his own self along with the bowing ,gopas 7#be74 ,the ,gopas1 filled with surprise1 said to that god stationed on the best of mountains3--,o lord1 we are thy devoted servants1 command us what we are to do 7#bf74 ,he replied to them in words originating from the mountain3--,if you have compassion for the kine1 engage in my worship from to-day 7#bg74 ,i am your well-meaning first deity who grant all objects of desire and by my favour you have got1 in your possession1 ten millions of precious kine 7#bh74 ,if you all become my votaries1 ,i will encompass your well-being in the forest and enjoy1 as in the celestial region1 in your company 7#bi74 ,being delighted ,i will confer on ,nanda and other leading ,gopas immense wealth that is worthy of being acquired by milk-men 7#cj74 ,let the cows along with their calves circumambulate me4 ,i will forsooth then attain to highest felicity 7#ca74 ,thereupon to embellish that best of mountains the cows1 with all the bulls1 in flocks1 encircled it 7#cb74 ,thereupon with their horns adorned with garlands and be-decked with chaplets on their heads and flowery ,angadas1 numberless cows delightedly began to circumambulate it quickly 7#cc74 ,having their limbs pasted with pastes of diverse colors and clad in red1 crimson and yellow raiments the milk-men followed those cows in order to govern them 7#cd74 ,in that wonderful assembly shone there the milk-men adorned with peacock-feathered ,angadas1 and chords well arranged for tying their hairs and with weapons in their hands4 ,some milk-men hastened to control the kine1 some danced in joy and some rode the bulls4 ,thus in due order when that festivity terminated the incarnate god of the hill all on a sudden disappeared and ,krishna1 too1 with the ,gopas1 returned to ,vraja4 ,thus when the ,giri-,yajna was instituted all the milk-men1 boys and elderly people were filled with surprise1 on witnessing that wonderful scene and began to chant the glories of ,madhusudana 7#ce-ci74 ,gokula is another name of ,vraja1 the village of milk-men4 ,there is still now a village of the same name about five or six miles from ,mathura4 ,it is very doubtful whether this is the site of the ancient ,gokula which is described to have been situate near ,govardhana mountain4 ,the deity of war and son of ,siva4 ,derived from ,kirtika the personified ,pleiades3 according to the legend having been fostered and brought up by the nymphs so called4 ,he was so great an adept in the art of war that he was appointed the commander of the celestial army in the war between the gods and demons4 ,a sacrifice in honor of the mount ,govardhana4 ,the word in the text is ,udapana--from ,uda water1 and the root pa to drink4 ,it may also mean a well4 ,here it means a place where water is drunk4 ,near a well1 as is still seen in many place1 there is a spacious pavement where people may sit at ease and drink4 ,any real vessel made of wood1 stone and in the shape of a boat and used for holding or pouring out water1 as a bathing tub1 a bathing vessel1 a bucket or watering pot c4 ,,chapter ,,lxxiii4 ,,indra ,,sends ,,down ,,punishment4 ,vaishampayana said3--,while in this wise the festivity1 in his honor1 was suppressed1 ,sakra1 the king of the celestials said to the clouds called ,samvartaka 7#a73--,o ye clouds1 and elephants1 if you cherish any respect for your king and if you consider it as your duty to do what pleases me 7listen then to my words7 7#b74 ,all these inhabitants of ,vrindvana are attached to ,dmodara4 ,nanda and other ,gopas have grown inimical towards my festival 7#c74 ,therefore within seven nights1 distress1 with rain and winds1 the precious kine which constitute their life-long subsistence and for which they pass by the name of ,gopas 7#d74 ,i myself1 stationed on 7my elephant7 ,airavata1 shall discharge dreadful rain1 winds and showers effulgent like thunder and lightning 7#e74 ,with dreadful showers and winds you will kill all the kine and the inhabitants of ,vraja and leave them after they all kiss the ground 7#f74 ,on account of his festival being put down by ,krishna the powerful ,pkashsana thus issued his mandate to the clouds 7#g74 ,thereupon1 the dreadful dark-blue clouds1 resembling a mountain in size and muttering awfully1 covered the sky on all sides 7#h74 ,producing lightnings continually the clouds1 adorned with the bow of ,indra1 enshrouded the welkin with darkness 7#i74 ,touching one another1 all the clouds1 some resembling the elephants1 some the ,makaras and some the serpents1 began to move about in the sky 7#aj74 ,coming in contact with one another the clouds1 resembling a million of elephants1 covered the sky and created a very unfair day 7#aa74 ,showers of equal size1 some resembling the hands of men1 some the trunks of elephants and some bamboos the clouds began to pour down their watery contents 7#ab74 ,people took that dreadful weather as a deep1 unpassable and limitless ocean stationed in the sky 7#ac74 ,hearing the dreadful mutterings of the mountain like clouds1 the birds could not come out of their nests and the animals began to fly away on all sides 7#ad74 ,by the excessive showers discharged by the dreadful clouds resembling the hour of the universal dissolution the bodies of men grew discoloured 7#ae74 ,the planets and stars disappearing from view1 the sky1 shorn of the rays of the sun and the moon was divested of its lustre 7#af74 ,with the continual showers of rain let off by the clouds the ground there assumed the form of a tank 7#ag74 ,the peacocks began to cry aloud and the other birds began to emit their feeble notes4 ,and the rivers1 increasing their size1 carried away the trees grown on their banks 7#ah74 ,as if remonstrated with by the mutterings of clouds and the clap of thunderbolts the grass and trees began to tremble there 7#ai74 ,beside themselves with fear the milk-men began to speak amongst themselves3 ,we think the end of the world is at hand and the earth will be converted into one sheet of water 7#bj74 ,the cows were greatly distressed by that dreadful downpour of rain4 ,and they stood motionless and began to cry aloud 7#ba74 ,their body was soaked1 thighs and feet were motionless1 hoops and mouth inert1 the hairs stood erect and their belly and udders grew lean 7#bb74 ,some died out of exhaustion1 some took to their heels in fear and some with their calves sank under frost 7#bc74 ,some cows1 of emaciated belly on account of hunger and wearied thighs1 lay to sleep embracing their calves 7#bd74 ,the cows and calves1 thus assailed by rain1 fell down trembling and with poor and distressing countenance looked towards ,krishna and cried ,save us6 ,save us6 7#be7 ,beholding this dreadful oppression over the cows on account of that inclemeny and the impending death of the ,gopas the sweet-speeched ,krishna was greatly worked up with anger4 ,and meditating for a while he began to speak to himself 7#bf-bg73--;,i knew before that this will come to pass4 ,however to protect them against this downpour of rain ,i will uproot this best of mountains ,govardhana containing forests and woods and convert it into an asylum for the kine 7#bh74 ,there is not a shadow of doubt that this mountain1 a veritable planet on earth1 when upheld by me1 will be able to protect the kine and milk-men 7#bi74 ,thus meditating and displaying the strength of his arms ,krishna1 having truth for his prowess and resembling the best of mountains1 uprooted that hill with his hands 7#cj74 ,then that foremost of mountains1 containing clouds1 upheld by ,krishna with his left hand1 shone there like a house on account of its caves 7#da74 ,when that mountain was uprooted the rocks1 at its table-land1 were shaken and the trees fell down 7#cb74 ,and although that mountain was immoveable still1 on account of ,krishna's power1 with its whirling summits1 falling trees and trembling tops it went up to the sky 7#cc74 ,all the clouds1 united1 were pouring down their watery contents in its side4 ,with their quick-coursing streams the rocks were loosened and the mountain too was continually agitated 7#cd74 ,the milk-men however could not perceive the raining clouds1 the rock-pouring mountain and the roaring wind 7#ce74 ,the clouds1 attached to the mountain1 coming in contact with the springs that best of mountains shone there as if bedecked with peacock feathers 7#cf74 ,vidyadharas1 ,uragas1 ,gandharvas and ,apsars began to exclaim from all sides--,gifted with wings the mount ,govardhana is flying up 7#cg74 ,white1 crimson and dark mineral substances began to trickle down from the earthen layer of that uprooted mountain containing a thousand of layers 7#ch74 ,some of the summits of that best of mountain were slackened1 some were shattered and the highly elevated ones entered into clouds 7#ci74 ,with the shaking of the mountains1 the trees also shook1 and their flowers fell down on all sides of the ground 7#dj74 ,the big-hooded serpents1 having half of their body adorned1 issued out of their holes and the birds began to fly up in the sky 7#da74 ,out of fear consequent upon the raising up of the mountain and of heavy downpour these sky rangers began continually to fly up and come down 7#db74 ,the lions in anger began to roar like clouds surcharged with water and the tigers like that of the churning rods 7#dc74 ,having its form metamorphosed that mountain1 consisting of even1 uneven and impassable places1 appeared like another mountain 7#dd74 ,on account of the excessive downpour of showers it appeared like ,tripura stupified by ,rudra in in the sky 7#de74 ,upheld by the rod-like hand of ,krishna that huge mountain1 covered with dark-blue clouds1 appeared there like an umbrella 7#df74 ,the muttering of the clouds making him dream1 ,govardhana slept there placing his cave-like face on the pillow of ,krishna's arm 7#dg74 ,having its summit covered with trees divested of the notes of the birds and soaked with the showers and shorn of the cries of peacocks1 that mountain shone there like the sky 7#dh74 ,the summit and forest of that high mountain were as if possessed by fever on account of its table-lands shaking and trembling 7#di74 ,hastened by the king of gods and driven by the wind the clouds began to pour down before it continually their contents 7#ej74 ,upheld by ,krishna's hand that mountain1 covered with clouds1 appeared like a country marked with the signs of wheels when oppressed by a king 7#ea74 ,as a populous village places before it a city so the clouds stood encircling that mountain 7#eb74 ,for protecting the ,gopas like unto ,brahm the ,lord ,krishna raised up that mountain and kept it on the tip of his finger4 ,he then smilingly said 7#ec74 ,by some heavenly means which is even beyond the comprehension of the gods ,i have constructed this mountainous house1 an asylum for the cows where no wind blows 7#ed74 ,let the flocks of cows speedily enter into it and peacefully and happily live there where no violent wind blows4 ,do ye1 of your own accord1 make divisions of the room proportionate to your superiority of position and the number of flocks and put a stop to the downpour of showers4 ,the big house1 that ,i have constructed by uprooting this hill extending over five ,kos and one ,kos in breadth1 can even accommodate the three worlds1 what to speak of ,vraja 7#ee-eg74 ,there arose a great tumult of the ,gopas accompanied by the mutterings of clouds outside and the noise of the cows4 ,and arranged in rows by the milk-men the kine entered into the huge cave of that best of mountains 7#eh-ei74 ,and standing at the foot of that mountain like a rising pillar of stone ,krishna held that hill with one hand like a beloved guest 7#fj74 ,thereupon taking with them their carts and vessels the inhabitants of ,vraja1 afraid of rain1 entered into that rocky house 7#fa74 ,beholding this superhuman feat of ,krishna and finding his words falsified the powerful ,satakratu asked the clouds to desist 7#fb74 ,and surrounded by clouds which deprived the earth of all festivities for seven nights he returned again to the celestial region 7#fc74 ,thus after seven nights when the king of gods desisted and the sky was freed of clouds and become clear the sun rose in its full effulgence 7#fd74 ,the cows and the milk-men returned to their respective quarters by the same road by which they had entered 7the cave7 7#fc74 ,for the well-being of all the worlds the ,lord ,krishna1 the giver of boons and identical with all the elements1 established1 with a delighted heart1 that best of mountains 7#ff74 ,literally the word means one who protects kine from go1 kine and the root pa1 to protect4 ,a root of acquatic animal resembling a crocodile4 ,the ,danava chief who was defeated by ,rudra or ,siva in the war between the gods and demons4 ,this miracle of ,krishna's holding up of the mountain ,govardhana on one of his fingers has been described in almost all the ,puranas and even in the ,sabha ,parva of the ,mahabharata4 ,this incident1 no doubt1 on the face of it1 appears highly incredible for1 it is not possible for a man1 nay for a boy of ten years of age to raise up a huge mountain like ,govardhana4 ,it is undoubtedly an allegory signifying the wonderful power of ,krishna displayed by him for protecting the ,gopas4 ,the following explanation may be safely vouchsafed of the allegory4 ,when he suppressed the worship of ,indra and all his followers attacked the ,gopas1 ,krishna placed them all1 with their cattle and goods1 on that hill and himself fought with the followers of ,indra4 ,it is mentioned in the latter portion of this ,chapter that the ,gopas entered into the hollow of the mountain1 their 'hilly house' and so forth4 ,this probably may suggest an explanation that they took shelter in one of the huge caves of the mountain and ,krishna guarded them against the attack of the worshippers of ,indra4 ,whatever may be the explanation it is undoubtedly true that he displayed a superhuman feat on this occasion4 ,,chapter ,,lxxiv4 ,,indra ,,comes ,,and ,,eulogises ,,krishna4 ,vaishampayana said3--,beholding the mount ,govardhana thus held up and the kine saved ,purandara1 the king of the celestials1 was filled with great surprise and felt a desire for seeing ,krishna 7#a74 ,and seated on his elephant ,airavata with temporal juice trickling down and resembling a cloud without water he came down on earth 7#b74 ,purandara saw ,krishna1 of unwearied actions1 seated at the foot of the ,govardhana hill 7#c74 ,he saw there the immortal ,vishnu1 assuming the guise of a milk-man and shining in his great effulgence and attained to great delight 7#d74 ,sakra1 having many eyes1 saw1 with all his eyes1 ,krishna bearing the mystic mark of ,srivatsa and resembling a dark-blue lotus in hue 7#e74 ,beholding him seated happily at the foot of the hill who was gifted with beauty and was like an immortal in the land of mortals ,sakra was ashamed 7#f74 ,disappearing from view1 that foremost of birds 7,garuda71 feeding on serpents1 was protecting him1 seated at ease1 against the rays of the sun with his wings 7#g74 ,leaving behind his elephant1 ,indra1 the slayer of ,bala1 approached ,krishna who was playing in the forest being engaged in human actions 7#h74 ,his face was embellished with a crown effulgent like the sun that gives lustre to lightning1 and with a pair of celestial ear-rings4 ,his breast was adorned with a neck-lace of five layers of ,padmaknta jewel constituting the ornament of the body4 ,beholding ,vsudeva with his thousand eyes the powerful ,vasava1 the wielder of thunder-bolt1 approached ,upendra and looked more beautiful with his celestial garlands and pastes 7#i-aa74 ,then with his sweet voice1 deep as the muttering of clouds that always issues commands to the deities1 he said 7#ab73-- ,o ,krishna1 ,o thou of large arms1 ,o thou the enhancer of the delight of thy kinsmen1 what1 thou hast accomplished on thy being pleased with thy kine1 is beyond the power of the gods 7#ac74 ,i have been highly pleased with thy saving the kine from the clouds created by me which bring about the dissolution of the world 7#ad74 ,whose mind is not filled with surprise on seeing thee hold up this best of mountains by thy own-begotten ,yoga power like a house in the sky7#ae78 ,o ,krishna1 ,i was enraged on account of the suppression of my sacrifice4 ,and therefore ,i sent down this excessive rain extending over seven nights and destructive of the kine which even the ,devas and ,dnavas cannot withstand4 ,but thou hast1 by thy own power1 put down this terrible shower in my very presence 7#af-ag74 ,i am highly pleased1 ,o ,krishna1 for thy1 in anger1 settling the entire ,vaishnava energy in thy human form 7#ah74 ,on account of thy being endued with thy own energy although in a human form1 the work of the gods appears to have been well accomplished 7#ai74 ,o hero1 while thou art at the head of all the works of the gods and their guide1 forsooth1 every thing will be accomplished and nothing will remain undone 7#bj74 ,thou art alone eternal amongst the gods and in all other worlds4 ,i do not see a second capable of carrying the weight thou hast held 7#ba74 ,as the best of wheels is placed before a pole so dost thou engage in relieving the distress of the gods sunk in an ocean of misery1 ,o thou having a bird for thy carrier 7#bb74 ,o ,krishna1 as gold is among the metals1 so this universe1 created by the ,grand-father 7,brahm7 exists1 in thy body 7#bc74 ,as a cripple cannot follow one who runs fast so even the ,lord1 ,self-sprung 7,brahma7 cannot follow thee in intelligence or age 7#bd74 ,as the ,himalaya is amongst the mountains1 as the great ocean is amongst the watery expanses1 as ,garuda is amongst the birds so thou art the foremost of the celestials 7#be74 ,o ,krishna1 underneath all is the region of water2 above it are afloat the pillars of the earth2 above them is the region of man2 above it is the etherial region2 above it is the effulgent region of the sun constituting the gate of heaven2 above it is the great region of the gods forming the abode of the celestials2 here ,i occupy the position of the king of gods2 above it is the ,brahmaloka where the ,brahmarshis live and where move about the high-souled ,soma 7moon7 and other luminous bodies4 ,above it is the ,goloka stationed in the great etherial region4 ,o ,krishna1 ,golaka is the foremost of all regions and is protected by the ,sdhyas4 ,there dost thou live carrying on ,tapas which we cannot learn even when accosting the ,grand-,father about it 7#bf-ca74 ,this earth is the region of actions for those who engage in them4 ,underneath it is the dreadful region of the iniquitous 7#cb74 ,the etherial region is the refuge of moving objects like the air and heaven is the excellent refuge of the pious endued with the qualities of self-control and forbearance 7#cc74 ,those1 who worship ,brahm1 live in the ,brahmaloka4 ,goloka is attainable only by the kine2 even by hard austerities no one else can obtain it 7#cd74 ,o intelligent and heroic ,krishna1 in order to protect these kine1 thou didst hold up the mount ,govardhana and suppress the calamities sent down by me 7#ce74 ,therefore at the request of the ,grand ,father and the cows and out of respect for thee ,i have come here 7#cf74 ,o ,krishna1 ,i am the lord of ,bhutas and of the gods and ,i am ,purandara4 ,being born of ,aditi ,i am thy elder brother 7#cg74 ,do thou forgive me for displaying my own energy in the shape of clouds which is but the outcome of thy power 7#ch74 ,o ,krishna of the gait of an elephant1 be thou delighted now by thy own gentle energy and listen to the words given vent to by ,brahm and the cows 7#ci74 ,pleased with thy heavenly deeds1 hymning of their glories and with the work of protection the ,lord ,brahm and the cows of the sky have communicated this unto thee 7#dj74 ,thyself protecting the great ,goloka region and all the cows1 our race1 through the help of the bulls1 will multiply itself 7#da74 ,we all1 coursing at our will1 shall propitiate the cultivators with bulls1 their beasts of burden1 the celestials with the oblation of ,havi and ,sri with the profusely increasing corns 7#db74 ,o lord1 ,o thou of great strength1 thou art our preceptor and saviour4 ,becoming our king and lord do thou sprinkle thy self to-day with this golden jar full of heavenly water brought by me with my own hands 7#dc-dd74 ,i am the king of the celestials and thou hast1 although eternal1 become now the king of the cows4 ,therefore the people of this world will hymn thee as ,govinda 7#de74 ,as the dignity of ,indra has been bestowed on me so thou art the king of cows4 ,o ,krishna1 the gods will celebrate thy name as ,upendra 7#df74 ,of the four months of my rainy season1 ,i confer the latter half constituting the autumn on thee 7#dg74 ,from to-day people will recognize the first two months as mine4 ,after the termination of the rains they will take down my flag and thou shalt receive adoration4 ,shorn of excitement and emitting notes occasionally the peacocks will give up their pride begotten by my clouds4 ,and all other creatures1 ranging in my season and emitting notes at the view of clouds1 will be silent 7#dh-di74 ,agastya1 the regent of the star ,canopus1 will range like a bird in the southern quarter and the sun1 of thousand rays1 will distress all with his own effulgence 7#ej74 ,thus with the beginning of autumn the peacocks will become silent1 the birds will hanker after water1 the frogs will desist from leaping1 the brinks of the rivers will be filled with swans and ,srasas1 the ,krounchas will emit their notes1 the bulls will become excited1 the cows will be pleased and yield profuse milk1 the clouds will disappear after filling the earth with water1 the cranes will range in the dark sky1 the picturesque lakes1 pools and rivers will be adorned with clean water and new grown lotuses1 the dark-blue fields will be full of corns1 the rivers will have waters flowing in their middle the hermitages of the ascetics will also be filled with beautiful corns1 the earth1 abounding in many provinces1 will grow charming after the rains1 the roads will look beautiful1 the trees will be covered with fruits1 the country will be full of sugarcane and ,vajapeya and other sacrifices will be undertaken4 ,and thus the sacred autumn will set in4 ,thou shalt then get up from thy bed4 ,men in this world and the immortals in the celestial region will worship me as ,mahendra and thee as ,upendra in the flag-staffs on the earth 7#ea-ei74 ,the man1 who reciting the great and eternal theme of our conduct as ,mahendra and ,upendra1 will bow unto us1 will not be visited by any misery 7#fj74 ,thereupon taking those jars full of heavenly water the king of gods1 conversant with ,yoga1 sprinkled ,govinda 7#fa74 ,beholding the eternal ,krishna thus annointed1 the cows1 stationed in the celestial region1 along with the bulls1 sprinkled him also with a downpour of their milk through clouds 7#fb74 ,the clear clouds in the sky sprinkled him with nectarine showers4 ,from trees fell down moon-like drops of water4 ,and from the sky the gods set up a leonine sound1 made a downpour of flowers and blew the bugles 7#fc-fd74 ,the ,maharshis1 who always follow mantras1 chanted his glories with becoming verses and the body of the earth was separated from one all-extending ocean 7#fe74 ,the seas grew delightful and the winds began to blow for bringing about the well-being of the world4 ,and the sun and the moon accompanied by stars stood in their respective roads 7#ff74 ,the kings were freed of their enemies and the calamity of excessive rain was pacified4 ,and the trees were embellished with leaves and flowers of various colours4 ,the deer grew delighted in the forest and the elephants began to yield temporal juice and the mountains shone with trees grown on them and with metals 7#fg-fh74 ,and the land of mortals was satisfied with ambrosia-like juice like unto the celestial region4 ,thus when the ceremony of the royal unction1 of the ,lord ,krishna1 accompanied by the nectarine showers coming down from the celestial region1 was over the king of gods ,purandara said to the eternal ,govinda1 wearing celestial garlands and installed in the sovereignty of the cows 7#fi-gj74 ,o ,krishna1 the first work1 of installing thee as the king of cows1 is now over4 ,listen now to the next object of my coming here 7#ga74 ,slaying speedily ,kansa1 the wretch of a horse ,keshi1 and ,aristha1 always committing mischief do thou engage in governing thy own kingdom 7#gb74 ,from thy father's sister1 a portion of my energy is born as a son by name ,arjuna4 ,contracting friendship with him do thou always protect him 7#gc74 ,thou shalt favour him and he1 too1 acting on thy advice and following thee1 will acquire great fame 7#gd74 ,he will be the foremost of bowmen among the descendants of ,bharata and will take after thee4 ,and without thy help he alone will never be pleased with his work 7#ge74 ,this future war of ,bharata depends on him and thee the foremost of men4 ,when you both will be united all the kings will be slain 7#gf74 ,o ,krishna1 ,i have spoken to the gods and ,rishis1 that the son1 begotten by me on ,kunti1 will be an adept in the use of weapons1 the foremost of archers and the greatest of the ,kurus4 ,all the warrior-kings will speak of his learning 7#gg-gh74 ,ever abiding by the duties of a ,kshatrya he alone will be able to kill one ,akshouhini of kings skilled in fighting 7#gi74 ,save thee there is none among the kings or gods who will be able to weaken the power of his bow or follow the path of his weapons1 ,o lord 7#hj74 ,o ,govinda1 he will be thy friend and help in battle4 ,therefore at my request1 do thou instruct him in spiritual knowledge 7#ha74 ,thou dost know well ,arjuna and all the worlds4 ,so thou shouldst always regard and take care of him as thou dost me 7#hb74 ,if thou dost protect him in the great battle ,death will not be able to extend its influence over him 7#hc74 ,o ,krishna1 know ,arjuna as me and me as identical with thy own self4 ,as ,i am at one with thee1 so is ,arjuna 7#hd74 ,i am thy elder brother and therefore thou didst1 in the days of yore1 acquiring the three worlds from ,bali with thy three footsteps1 install me in the sovereignty over the gods 7#he74 ,i know thee as fond of truth1 as having truth for thy prowess and as identical with truth4 ,and because thou art bound to the gods by a promise they have engaged thee in this work of the destruction of their enemies 7#hf74 ,o ,krishna1 ,arjuna1 the son of thy father's sister1 is my son4 ,as he did become thy companion in the days of yore and so now he will contract friendship with thee 7#hg74 ,o ,mdhava1 as a bull carries a burden1 so thou shalt always take care of him when either living in his house1 your house or while fighting with the enemies in the battle-field 7#hh74 ,when ,kansa will be slain by thee1 ever observant of the real purpose of things there will take place a great war of the kings 7#hi74 ,arjuna will vanquish those heroic men of superhuman deeds and thou shalt adorn him with glory 7#ij74 ,o ,keshava1 if truth1 myself and the celestials are thy favourites thou shouldst carry out whatever ,i have said 7#ia74 ,hearing the words of ,sakra1 ,krishna1 who had become a cow-keeper1 with a delighted mind replied 7#ib74 ,o lord of ,sachi1 ,i am happy to see you4 ,nothing1 of whatever you have said1 will be left off 7#ic74 ,o ,sakra1 ,i know your heart4 ,it is not unknown to me that my father's sister has been given away to the high-souled ,pandu and that she has given birth to ,arjuna 7#id74 ,i know also the prince ,yudhisthira begotten by ,dharma4 ,i know ,bhimasena1 the multiplier of ,vyu's 7wind-god's7 race4 ,i know also ,nakula and ,sahadeva begotten on ,mdri by the two ,aswinis 7#ie-if74 ,i know also ,karna1 now known as a charioteer's son1 begotten on my father's sister in her maidenhood by the ,sun 7#ig74 ,that ,pandu is dead on account of the thunder-like imprecation and that the sons of ,dhiitarashtra are desirous of fighting are all known to me 7#ih71 ,o king of gods1 returning now to the city of the celestials increase their delight4 ,no enemy will be able to trouble ,arjuna when he will be before me 7#ii74 ,when the great war of ,bhrata will come to its close1 ,i shall1 on account of ,arjuna1 consign unscathed unto ,kunti all the sons of ,pandu 7#ajj74 ,o king of gods1 ,i am bound by affection and therefore ,i shall accomplish like a servant what your son ,arjuna will command me 7#aja74 ,hearing these words of truthful ,krishna1 the king of gods returned to the city of the celestials 7#ajb74 ,a demi-god of a particular class4 i4e4 the waters will not overflood their banks as in the rainy season4 i4e4 installed him as the king of cows4 ,at the time of installation sacred water is sprinkled on the head of a king4 ,it refers to the battle of ,kurukshetra in which all the kings of the world took part4 ,when ,vishnu assumed the form of ,nrayana ,arjuna became his companion as ,nara4 ,for a detailed account of the birth of all these sons see chapter ,,cxxiii of ,adi ,parva of ,mahabharata4 ,kunti1 while a maid1 obtained a boon from the ,rishi ,durvasa that whomever she would wish to have as her consort1 he would at once come to her4 ,to make an experiment she invoked the sun and ,karna is the issue of her union with him4 ,the account of his birth is described in one hundred and eleventh chapter of ,adi ,parva in the ,mahabharata4 ,once on a time ,pandu went out into a forest for hunting4 ,he struck a ,rishi's son who was coupling with his mate in the form of a deer4 ,he imprecated a curse on ,pandu saying ,as you have killed me in the form of a deer when ,i was full of desire1 so you1 ,o foolish man1 will certainly meet with the fate that has fallen me4 ,when you will go to your dear one1 full of desire as was the case with me1 you will at that time1 certainly go to the land of the dead4 ,your wife will also follow you4 ,see slokas #cj1 #ca1 in chapter ,,cxviii in ,sambhava ,parva of ,adi ,parva in the ,mahabharata4 ,,chapter ,,lxxv4 ,,rasa ,,dance4 ,vaishampayana said3--,thereupon after the departure of ,sakra1 the beautiful ,krishna the holder of ,gavardhana1 entered ,vraja honored by the inhabitants1 thereof 7#a74 ,the elderly ,gopas and his kinsmen and comrades1 assembled together1 welcomed him and said4 ,o ,govinda1 we have been honored and favoured by thy conduct and as well as that of the best of mountains 7#b74 ,indeed thy prowess is like that of the celestials4 ,by thy favour the kine have tided over the fear of excessive rain and we too have been relieved of the great fear 7#c74 ,o ,krishna1 ,o lord of kine1 beholding thy superhuman feat of raising up the mountain we consider thee as a divinity 7#d74 ,o thou of great strength1 art thou ,rudra1 ,marut1 or one of the ,vasus8 ,why hast thou taken thy birth as the son of ,vasudeva 7#e78 ,beholding this thy low birth amongst us1 this thy prowess1 sport and feat in thy boyhood our minds are filled with fear 7#f74 ,we see1 thou art like one of the ,lokaplas4 ,but why art thou1 in thy wretched guise of a milk-man1 engaged in sport with us and in protecting kine 7#g78 ,art thou a ,deva1 a ,dnava or a ,gandharva now born as our friend8 ,whatever thou mayst be we bow unto thee 7#h74 ,if thou art present here1 of thy own accord1 for any work of thine1 do thou consider us as thy dependants and votaries 7#i74 ,vaishampyana said3--,hearing the words of ,gopas1 the lotus-eyed ,krishna1 smiling a little1 said to his assembled kinsmen3--7#aj7 ,ye of dreadful prowess1 let not the conviction1 that you have all formed about me1 take root in your hearts4 ,i am one of your clan and a friend 7#aa74 ,if however you are all bent upon hearing then wait you will soon listen to an account of 7my origin7 and see my true form 7#ab74 ,i am one of your respected friends like unto a god4 ,if you have any affection for me1 do not wish to learn any thing more about me 7#ac74 ,thus accosted by ,vasudeva's son and covering their own faces and resorting to silence the milk-men went away in in various directions 7#ad74 ,thereupon beholding the charming autumnal night and the beautiful moon the powerful ,krishna felt a desire of sporting 7#ae74 ,sometimes he made the haughty bulls fight with one another in the roads of ,vraja adorned with cow-dung pastes4 ,he again set the powerful cow-herds against one another4 ,he sometimes got hold of the kine in the forest like a crocodile4 7#af-ag74 ,sometimes thinking of his boyhood and bringing the youthful women of ,gopas under his control at night he used to enjoy there 7#ah74 ,with their glances those ,gopa women used to drink as if the ambrosia of his beautiful face who was like the moon come down on earth 7#ai74 ,krishna was by nature beautiful but clad in a silken raiment of shining yellow colour he appeared more beautiful 7#bj74 ,having his arms adorned with ,angadas and bedecked with garlands of wild flowers ,govinda beautified the entire ,vraja 7#ba74 ,filled with surprise at witnessing the wonderful conduct of that powerful 7being7 the beautiful ,gopa women used to call him by the name of ,dmodara 7#bb74 ,and casting again and again their glances accompanied by various gestures they began to assail him with their rising breasts 7#bc74 ,after a few days had passed away in this way the parents of those milk-women prevented them 7from doing so74 ,those damsels however1 fond of amusements1 used to hunt ,krishna at night 7#bd74 ,sometimes arranging themselves in rows and sometimes in circles they1 singing hymns relating to ,krishna's glories1 used to satisfy him4 ,and all of them appeared in pairs with ,krishna 7#be74 ,casting loving glances at ,krishna and following his course those youthful damsels of ,vraja imitated all his sports 7#bf74 ,sometimes striking their palms in the forest they used to imitate him and sometimes they used to take delight in imitating his songs and dances accompanied by lovely smiles and looks 7#bg-bh74 ,singing sweet songs describing the profuse love for ,krishna these beautiful women1 devoted to ,dmodara1 used to range at ,pleasure in ,vraja 7#bi74 ,as she-elephants1 covered with dust1 enjoy with an infuriated elephant so those milk-women1 their limbs covered all over with dust and cow-dung1 used to sport with ,krishna encircling him on all sides 7#cj74 ,drinking repeatedly his ambrosia-like beauty with their eyes accompanied by side-long and smiling looks the ,gopa-women1 having antelope eyes1 could not attain to the consummation of delight 7#ca74 ,when ,damodara used to exclaim ,o6 ,alas6 the damsels anxiously and delightedly used to listen to the words given vent to by him 7#cc74 ,thus encircled by the milk-women ,krishna used to sport1 of his own accord1 in the autumnal night adorned by the moon 7#ce74 ,this is one of the principal incidents of ,krishna's life on which innumerable poets of ,india have exhausted their skill and ingenuity4 ,this incident has also been recorded in several ,puranas4 ,some hostile critics interpret this ,rsa dance as one of the blemishes of ,krishna's character and proceed to prove that he was an emblem of carnality4 ,they draw upon certain ,indian scholars in support of their argument4 ,it is therefore necessary to throw a few suggestions before our readers so that they may understand ,sri ,krishna aright4 ,this ,rsa dance is described in a few words in ,harivamsha1 a little more profusely in ,vishnu ,puran1 but very elaborately in ,srimadbhagavatam4 ,there is no mention however to this incident in the ,mahabharata4 ,in ,vishnu ,puran it is described as the out-burst of a tender love of a number of young girls for their youthful companion4 ,in ,harivamsha it is the love of youthful damsels for a handsome young man4 ,in ,bhagvata it is the passionate love of some women for a young man4 ,in all these books however the different phases of love have been described with a grand esoteric meaning behind them4 ,this ,rsa was nothing but a ,ball dance in which all the youthful damsels and girls took part and which was introduced by ,krishna4 ,it was a favourite pastime with the ,aryans and frequent references to this dance are seen in ,mahabharata and other classical works of note4 ,that it was a purely innocent amusement freed from every shade of carnality is beyond all doubts4 ,from the internal evidences of the three great works on ,krishna's life1 namely ,harivamsa1 ,vishnu ,purana and ,srimadbhagavatam it is evident that ,krishna1 at this period1 was merely a boy of ten years of age or so4 ,it is impossible for a boy of this tender age to be so very carnal as he is depicted to have been4 ,all the youthful maidens and girls of ,vraja were fond of ,krishna4 ,it was not only on them that he exercised his wonderful influence but he did so on the elderly men too4 ,this is clear enough from the incident that he succeeded in suppressing the great ,indra-yajna4 ,krishna used to invent and organise varions sorts of sports for his comrades1 both boys and girls4 ,in the previous ,chapter his wonderful influence over his male companions and elderly men has been described4 ,this ,chapter is introduced by the poet to show that his influence over the women was equally marvellous4 ,all these incidents go to prove more his super human origin4 ,in all these three works no mention is made of the name of a particular woman for whom he cherished a special fancy as ,radha4 ,there is a occasional mention of this word in ,bhagavat and only once in ,harivamsha where it means a worshipper4 ,this story of the carnal love of ,krishna for his various companions is described at a length in ,brahma ,vaivarta ,purana which is regarded as a spurious production and is not considered as an authentic record of his life4 ,the esoteric meaning underlying this incident is the union between the human soul and the ,supreme ,soul4 ,krishna is the impersonation of the ,supreme ,soul and ,radha or the worshipper is the emblem of the human soul4 ,the worshipper can secure unification with the ,supreme ,soul by love--earnest and deep-seated devotion4 ,this love1 this devotion has been described by various poets in various forms4 ,,chapter ,,lxxvi4 ,,death ,,of ,,aristha4 ,vaishampayana said3--,one day in the first part of the night while ,krishna was sporting1 the dark-hued ,dnava1 ,aristha by name1 assuming the form of an infuriated bull and resembling ,death himself1 was seen there terrifying all the inmates of the cow-sheds 7#a74 ,his body was like extinguished ember and cloud1 his horns were sharpened1 his eyes were effulgent like the sun1 his feet were endued with sharpened hoops and his hump was extremely hard 7#b74 ,he was repeatedly licking his lips with his tongue and moving his tail with pride4 ,and for breaking down many palaces with his hump it became exceedingly hardened 7#c74 ,incapable of being repulsed on account of his own huge body1 with his body covered with excreta and urine1 that ,dnava1 of huge waist1 fleshy mouth1 hard knees and long abdomen1 terrified all the cows with his skin hanging from his neck and horns 7#d-e74 ,that ,daitya ,aristha1 of huge body1 the slayer of inimical bulls and the injurer of the cows1 assuming the form of a bull1 was running about in the cow-sheds and pasture grounds4 ,his face was marked with strokes against the trees and his horns were adorned as if for a fight 7#f-g74 ,he used to approach the kine1 when big with their young ones and cause abortion and used to know them immediately after their delivery 7#h74 ,without fighting with the bulls and cows that irrepressible1 and dreadful ,daitya1 always intent on striking them with his horns1 could not derive pleasure in pasture grounds 7#i74 ,accidentally on that day1 the proud bull1 under the influence of ,vaivaswn 7the regent of the departed71 came before ,keshava 7#aj74 ,divesting the cow-sheds of bulls1 calves and young bulls that one1 elated with proud1 used to assail the kine 7#aa74 ,at that time1 that one of wicked soul1 under influence of ,vaivaswn1 terrified the cows that were near ,krishna roaring like a cloud accompanied by ,indra's thunderbolt4 ,thereat striking his palms and setting up a leonine shout ,govinda ran after him1 increasing the anger of the demon in the shape of a bull4 ,beholding ,krishna and enraged with the sound of the strokes of his palms against his arms1 moving his tail and expanding his eyes in delight that bull issued out a shout expressing his desire for fight4 ,beholding that wicked demon of the form of a bull approach ,krishna did not move out from where he stood and rather remain there firm like a mountain 7#ab-ae74 ,with a view to slay ,krishna1 that bull too1 raising up his face and aiming at his belly1 came there quickly 7#af74 ,vasudeva1 resembling a bull1 confronted that irrepressible and collyruim-like bull before him 7#ag74 ,as a bull faces a huge bull so ,arishtha met ,krishna and from his nostril came out foams with a sound 7#ah74 ,thereupon ,krishna and the bull confronting each other they appeared like two clouds1 touching each other in the rains 7#ai74 ,placing his feet on the space between the horns ,krishna humiliated his pride and struck him at the neck resembling the sky 7#bj74 ,then uprooting his left horn resembling the rod of ,yama he struck him on the face with it2 thereat that foremost of bulls breathed his last 7#ba74 ,with his horns1 head and shoulders shattered that demon fell down vomiting blood like a cloud sending down showers 7#bb74 ,thereupon beholding the proud ,dnava in the shape of a bull slain by ,govinda all the people began to eulogise him exclaiming ,well done6 ,well done6 7#bc74 ,slaying that bull demon in that moon light the lotus-eyed ,upendra again engaged in sport 7#bd74 ,like the immortals adoring their king in the celestial region the ,gopas began to worship delightedly the lotus-eyed ,krishna4 ,,chapter ,,lxxvii4 ,,kansa ,,invites ,,krishna ,,and ,,sends ,,akrura ,,to ,,bring ,,him4 ,vaishampayana said3--,hearing that ,krishna was advancing in power like fire in ,vraja1 ,kansa1 anticipating fear from him1 was filled with anxiety 7#a74 ,on ,putana being slain1 the two trees being dragged by the boy of no boy-like deeds1 ,kalya being vanquished1 ,dhenuka being killed1 ,pralamva being discomfitted1 the mount ,govardhana being raised up1 ,indra's commandment being disregarded1 the kine being protected by enviable deeds and ,kakudmi and ,arishtha being destroyed the ,gopas were filled with delight4 ,beholding these highly terrible portends indicating his impending death and these unthought of feats amongst his rising enemies ,mathura's king ,kansa considered himself as brought under the influence of death4 ,and his organs and mind being deprived of consciousness he appeared like one dead 7#b-f74 ,thereupon in the noiseless dead of night1 ,mathura's king ,kansa1 the son of ,ugrasena of fierce commands1 summoned his father and kinsmen to his city 7#g74 ,summoning god-like ,vasudeva1 ,kangka1 ,satyaka1 ,druka1 ,kanka's youngest brother1 ,bhoja1 ,vaitarana1 the highly powerful ,vikadru1 the king ,bhayesakha1 ,viprithu of great prosperity1 the liberal ,kritavarma1 the highly energetic and bold ,bhurishrav and various other descendants of ,yadu race and welcoming them all in due order he said3--,listen1 ,o ye ,ydavas1 ye are all business-like1 devoted to the ,vedas1 expert in ascertaining the proper rules of conduct1 the introducers of the three ,vargas1 ever observant of your duties1 like gods in this world1 and ever wending the good ways and firm as the mountains 7#h-ac74 ,ye are all shorn of haughtiness and you have all lived properly in the families of your preceptors1 ye are all therefore proficient in archery and capable of holding royal counsels 7#ad74 ,besides ye are all like lamps of glory in all these worlds1 conversant with the real purport of the ,vedas1 the true import of the ,ashramas 7conditions of life71 with the order of ,varnas 7castes71 the propounder of the beautiful rules of conduct1 the leaders of the givers of laws1 the conquerors of foreign kingdoms1 and the protectors of those seeking refuge with you 7#ae-af74 ,you are all so very vivacious in your conversation and endued with such an unimpeachable character1 what to speak of the earth even the celestial region may feel itself honored 7by your presence7 7#ag74 ,your conduct resembles that of the ,rishis1 your power is like that of the ,maruts1 your anger is like that of ,rudras and your effulgence is like that of the fire 7#ah74 ,as the earth is supported by the mountains so the decaying race of ,yadus is upheld by you all1 heroes of far-famed glory 7#ai7 ,you all follow my will1 why then are you at present disregarding the rising calamity of mine1 7#bj78 ,like unto a rising a cloud1 ,nanda ,gopa's son1 the celebrated ,krishna of ,vraja is about to strike at the root 7of the race7 7#ba74 ,i have lost my heart and four eyes and ,i have no able ministers4 ,and therefore that boy was kept secretly in ,nanda ,gopa's house 7#bb74 ,like a malady disregarded1 the swelling ocean and the roaring clouds of the rainy season that wicked-minded one is rising in power 7#bc74 ,i have not been able to find out the means of subduing or to understand the movements of that boy of wonderful deeds born in ,nanda ,gopa's house 7#bd74 ,that boy is either the offspring of a god or born of any other powerful being4 ,i however do not know any thing--but ,i surmise so by his superhuman deeds which even the celestials can not perform 7#be74 ,while asleep in his infancy he drank up the life of ,putan 7going there in the form of a7 bird under the pretext of sucking her breast 7#bf74 ,vanquished in no time in the lake of ,yamuna1 that ,nga ,kalya1 ranging in the region underneath1 has disappeared 7#bg74 ,but ,nanda's son1 by his ,yoga power1 has risen up again4 ,dropped down from the top of a palm tree ,dhenuka has breathed his last 7#bh74 ,pralamva too1 whom even the gods could not surpass in battle1 has been slain like an ordinary animal1 by that powerful one with the strokes of his fist 7#bi74 ,suppressing the festivity in honor of ,indra1 and putting a stop to excessive rain consequent upon his anger that boy held up the mount ,govardhana for affording shelter to the kine 7#cj74 ,the powerful ,aristha1 with his horns shattered1 has been slain by him in ,vraja4 ,from the actions of that boy living in the village of milk-men it appears that he is not a boy1 but assuming the false guise of a child1 is sporting there merely4 ,while he stands before me for a battle1 forsooth1 ,i know that he is my ,death--7the destroyer7 of my former body 7#ca-cc74 ,there is a vast difference between the birth as a wretched milkman amongst men1 weak for their death and his sporting in my cow-settlement with the power of a god 7#cd74 ,it appears to me as certain that a god1 covering his own true form with a ,gopa body1 is sporting here like fire in the cremation ground 7#ce74 ,i have heard that in the days of yore in order to accomplish the work of the celestials1 ,vishnu1 assuming the form of a dwarf1 took away the earth from ,bali 7#cf74 ,at another time assuming the form of a lion that powerful ,vishnu killed ,hiranyakashipu the grand-father of the ,dnavas 7#cg74 ,assuming a form1 surpassing the range of thought1 ,bhva 7,siva7 the destroyer of ,tripura killed all the ,daityas on the ,sweta mountain 7#ch74 ,being shaken off his promise by his preceptor ,angira's son 7,kacha7 resorting to a frog's illusion ,bhrigu's son 7,sukra7 caused a drought 7in the land of the ,dnavas7 7#ci74 ,assuming the form of a boar that thousand-headed eternal deity ,vishnu raised up the earth from the great ocean 7#dj74 ,when the gods and ,asuras1 assembled for 7churning7 for ambrosia1 ,vishnu1 in the shape of a tortoise in the ocean1 held up the ,mandara mountain 7#da74 ,and when there arose ambrosia he1 assuming the form of a beautiful woman1 created a highly terrible battle between the gods and demons 7#db74 ,assuming a wretched dwarf form in the days of yore he rescued the three worlds including the land of the celestials1 with his three foot-steps from ,bali 7#dc74 ,it was he1 who having divided himself into four portions and taking his birth as ,rma in ,dasharatha's house1 killed ,ravana 7#dd74 ,for accomplishing the work of gods ,vishnu assumes various forms and deceitfully does his own work 7#de74 ,forsooth ,vishnu1 of whom ,nrada spoke to me1 or ,sakra1 the king of gods1 has now come for bringing about my death 7#df74 ,in this matter our fear proceeds from ,vasudeva2 this is even my firm conviction4 ,by his sense we have been reduced to this strait 7#dg74 ,when ,i met ,nrada again in ,khatwnga forest that ,brhmana said to me ,o ,kansa1 ,vasudeva1 in the night1 has baffled your great care regarding ,devaki's child 7#dh-di74 ,the daughter1 whom you dashed against a stone in that night1 is ,yashod's daughter and know ,krishna as ,vasudeva's son 7#ej74 ,vasudeva1 your enemy in the guise of a friend1 after due consultation1 exchanged the children in night for bringing about your death 7#ea74 ,having slain on the ,vindhya mountain the two sky-ranging ,dnavas1 ,shumbha and ,nisumbha1 that daughter of ,yashoda1 sprinkled by the gods1 is being worshipped by the dreadful robbers and various animals4 ,she is fond of human and animal sacrifices and confers boon 7upon her worshippers7 after their hearts 7#eb-ec74 ,embellished with two jars full of wine and blood and adorned with peacock-feathers she has made her own abode1 by her own power1 in the forest of the ,vindhya range4 ,it is filled with cries of proud cocks and crows1 abounds in free birds and deer1 echoes with the roars of lions1 tigers and boars1 is thick with trees and covered entirely with woods4 ,the temple is filled with golden vases1 chowries1 mirrors and is resonant with the sound of thousands of trumpets4 ,the beautiful goddess1 the mother of fear unto the enemies1 daily lives there with great delight and even the celestials adore her4 ,nrada has said that the boy who is known as the son of ,nanda ,gopa1 ,krishna1 will be the agent of many important deeds4 ,the second son that will be born of ,vasudeva and pass by the name of ,vsudeva1 that kinsman of yours will easily put you to death4 ,he is ,vasudeva1 the powerful son of ,vasudeva4 ,morally he is my kins-man1 but at heart a dreadful enemy 7#ed-fa74 ,as a crow1 with its beaks fond of flesh1 distresses the eyes of a man on whose head it sets its foot1 so this ,vasudeva1 brought up by me in my house1 along with his son1 kinsmen and fruits1 is trying to strike at the root of my family 7#fb-fc74 ,a man1 after killing an embryo or a cow or a woman1 can somehow save himself1 but there is no region for an ungrateful person 7#fd74 ,an ungrateful man1 who for a selfish end1 gives vent to sweet words which prove dangerous in the long run1 wends the way of out-castes 7#fe74 ,he1 who having his mind bent on iniquity1 injures an innocent man1 is constrained to wend the way leading to hell 7#ff74 ,on account of our rules of conduct and accomplishments1 we are worthy of praise to persons like you seeking friendship4 ,and such sons are more worthy of praise 7#fg74 ,as by the dreadful fight of the elephants1 trees are destroyed which1 after the close of the combat1 become their food1 so when dissensions take place amongst kinsmen1 either relatives or inferior arbitrators meet with destruction 7#fh-fi74 ,vasudeva1 while you are about to sow dissensions in this family1 ,i now understand forsooth that without knowing you ,i fed you who are like death 7#gj74 ,o foolish man1 you are always angry by nature1 fond of creating enemies1 sinful and of false humility4 ,it is you who have brought this ,yadu race into a pitiable strait 7#ga74 ,o ,vasudeva1 your old age is of no use4 ,unknowingly did ,i reward you who1 in his hundred years with all his hairs grey1 do not become old 7#gb78 ,he is aged in this world whose sense is ripe4 ,but he is not aged whose hairs are grey 7#gc74 ,you are of a harsh temper2 your intellect is not ripe and you are merely old in age like an autumnal cloud 7#gd74 ,o vain ,vasudeva1 you have thought4 ',on ,kansa being slain my son will govern ,mathura' 7#ge74 ,your hope is already frustrated1 ,o you who have uselessly grown old and your resolution is falsified4 ,no1 one who has the desire of living1 will live before me 7#gf74 ,by this wicked mind you have thought of injuring me who have confided in you2 ,i will take steps against it in the presence of your two sons 7#gg74 ,i have never killed an old man1 a ,brhmana1 a woman1 or any one specially amongst my kinsmen1 and ,i shall never do it 7#gh74 ,you are born here and have been brought up by my father4 ,besides you are my sister's husband and the first preceptor of the ,yadus 7#gi74 ,born in the great family of the well-known ,lords ,paramount of the world you are being worshipped as a preceptor by the noble and religious ,ydavas 7#hj74 ,old man1 what shall we do8 ,for such a conduct of a leading ,yadava like your self1 all the members of the ,yadu race have become the butt of peoples' talk 7#ha74 ,o ,vasudeva1 if ,i am dead or defeated1 for your improper conduct1 it will put the ,yadavas to shame before the pious 7#hb74 ,by concerting this measure for my destruction you have made yourself an object of distrust and the ,ydavas of redicule 7#hc74 ,what more1 you have created such an enmity between me and ,krishna that there will be no peace in the ,yadu family unless one of us dies 7#hd74 ,whatever it may be1 ,o giver of gifts1 go to ,vraja1 at my command and bring these two boys1 ,nanda and other ,gopas who pay tributes to me 7#he74 ,tell ,nanda to come quickly to ,mathura with his annual tribute along with other milk-men 7#hf74 ,kansa1 surrounded by his servants and priests1 wants to see ,krishna and ,sangkarshana1 the two sons of ,vasudeva 7#hg74 ,he has heard that1 that both of them are of hard limbs1 powerful1 careful1 clever in fighting and well up in holding a match in the arena 7#hc74 ,well-armed the two wrestlers of mine are rejoicing to combat with them4 ,they are also experts in fighting and will match them 7#hi74 ,besides these two boys1 ranging in the woods of ,vraja1 the two immortal-like best of warriors are my sister's sons and therefore ,i should see them 7#ij74 ,tell the inhabitants of ,vraja that the king1 of his own accord1 is celebrating a bow festivity 7#ia74 ,therefore let them come with necessary milk1 curd1 butter1 c41 to cater the invited persons after their hearts and live at ease in the forest attached to the city4 7#fb-ic74 ,o ,akrura1 ,i am filled with curiosity to see ,krishna and ,sangkarshena4 ,do you go soon1 bring them here and satisfy my command 7#id74 ,if they come here ,i shall attain to supreme delight4 ,beholding those two highly powerful boys ,i shall engage in a work conducive to my well-being 7#ie74 ,if they do not come here at my behest ,i shall subdue them in time 7#if74 ,o ,akrura1 it is better to use conciliatory words first towards the boys4 ,do you soon bring them here with sweet words 7#ig74 ,o you of firm vows1 if you are not alienated from me by ,vasudeva1 do you accomplish this great work conducive to my pleasure 7#ih74 ,do that by which they may come here4 ,thus villified1 ,vasudeva1 resembling a ,vasu1 resorting to gravity and patience1 stood there motionless like an ocean 7#ii74 ,assailed by foolish ,kansa1 with these shaft-like words1 he1 resorting to forgiveness1 did not give any reply 7#ajj74 ,those1 who saw him thus insulted at that time1 all exclaimed1 bending low their heads1 ,oh fie ,oh fie6 7#aja74 ,with his celestial vision the liberal ,akrura could know everything4 ,and so he was filled with great delight like a thirsty man on seeing water4 ,and in order to see the lotus-eyed ,krishna he left ,mathura in that very moment 7#ajb-ajc74 ,the three-fold objects of life1 namely1 ,dharma1 ,artha and ,kama4 ,it was the practice in ancient ,india that the kings used to send their sons to their preceptors to recieve proper instructions4 ,these princes lived in the family of their preceptors4 ,sukra promised not to consign the mantras of reviving a dead man to any body but this promise was falsified4 ,as a frog revives as soon as he is dead so ,kacha rose up many times alive after his death4 ,the allusion1 contained in this chapter1 is as follows3--,vrihaspati 7,angirasa7 was the priest of the gods and ,sukra that of the ,danavas4 ,there was a rivalry between these two ,brhmanas4 ,sukra knew the mantra of reviving a dead man with which he revived many ,daityas4 ,vrihaspati did not know it4 ,thereat ,kacha1 the eldest son of ,vrihaspati1 was sent to ,sukra to learn it4 ,kacha became his disciple and began to please him and his daughter ,devajani4 ,by and by he exercised a great influence on ,sukra's daughter who was greatly attached to him4 ,one day while ,kacha was tending kine the ,danavas1 learning that he was the son of ,vrihaspati1 hacked him into pieces1 which were eaten up wolves4 ,devajani grew mad after him and pressed her father to revive him which ,sukra did4 ,next time he was burnt to ashes and they were mixed up with liquor which ,sukra drank up4 ,devajani again wanted her father to revive ,kacha2 this was a question of life1 and death to him4 ,he therefore taught ,kacha the mantra first who came out of his womb and then revived again ,sukra4 ,thus did ,kacha learn the art of reviving a dead man4 ,see ,mahabharata1 chapters ,,lxxv and ,,vi1 ,adiparva4 ,,chapter ,,lxxviii4 ,,andhaka',s ,,advice ,,to ,,kansa4 ,vaishampayana said3--,beholding ,vasudeva thus insulted and covering their ears with their hands the leading ,ydavas took him for one having his lease of life run out 7#a74 ,resorting to patience1 although his mind was worked up with anxiety ,andhaka1 the foremost of speakers1 addressed1 mildly in the midst of that assembly1 powerful words to ,kansa 7#b74 ,o my son1 it is unworthy of you to give vent to such words4 ,to use such words to relatives is considered unbecoming and culpable by the pious 7#c74 ,o hero1 if you consider yourself as one1 not born in the family of the ,yadavas listen to what ,i say4 ,the ,ydavas do not by force wish to regard you as one of them 7#d74 ,rather a person like you becoming their master they have become censurable to all4 ,what more1 it appears1 that the king ,asamanja1 of the ,ikshaku race1 has returned in your person 7#e74 ,o my son1 you may wear matted locks1 may have your head shaved1 may take any appellation1 ,bhoja1 ,ydava or ,kansa1 your head will remain in its natural shape 7#f74 ,cursed is that ,ugrasena who has begotten a son like you1 a wretch and curse of our family 7#g74 ,o my son1 the wise never make themselves a parade of their own accomplishments4 ,the qualities1 recognized by the ,vedas1 attain to fructification when spoken of by others 7#h74 ,a stupid boy1 the destroyer of his race like you1 becoming our king the family of ,yadus has become degraded among the royal families of the world 7#i74 ,the vilifications1 that you have given vent to1 considering them as proper1 have not been able to accomplish your object rather you have laid bare your character before the public 7by it7 7#aj74 ,will you consider the insulting of a highly worshipful innocent preceptor1 like the destruction of a ,brhmana1 as conducive to well-being 7#aa78 ,o my son1 the aged ought to be adored and worshipped like fire for their anger can consume even the regions acquired by ,yoga 7#ab74 ,self-controlled and learned men1 of advanced intellect1 should enquire into the conduct of the people as they watch the movements of fish in water 7#ac74 ,like an oblation not consecrated by mantras you always pain the fire-like aged people with heart-rending words 7#ad74 ,you are remonstrating with ,vasudeva for his son4 ,we speak ill of your these useless and abominable words 7#ae74 ,if a son becomes wicked the father is not so1 rather he falls into many difficulties on account of his son 7#af74 ,you might think that ,vasudeva did not do his duty by hiding his own baby son4 ,but ask your own father about it 7#ag74 ,chiding ,vasudeva and speaking ill of the ,yadu race you have acquired poison consequent upon the enmity of the ,ydavas 7#ah74 ,if ,vasudeva has acted unfairly by doing this for his son why did not ,ugrasena kill you in your infancy 7#ai78 ,persons1 conversant with moral laws1 have given the name of ,putra to a son because he saves the departed ancestors from falling into the hell of ,put 7#bj74 ,from the very beginning of their birth you have been cherishing enmity towards the youthful ,sankarshana and ,krishna although born in the race of the ,ydavas and they too consider you as their enemy 7#ba74 ,on account of your chiding ,vasudeva and exciting the anger of ,vsudeva the hearts of all the ,yadavas are trembling 7#bb74 ,on account of your thus remonstrating with ,vasudeva ,krishna has become your enemy and therefore these evil omens are declaring your future fear 7#bc74 ,evil dreams in the end of night and dreadful portends like the vision of of serpents are all declaring that this city will soon be a widow 7#bd74 ,behold in the sky the dreadful planet ,rahu1 by his own effulgence1 is possessing the star ,swti and is waiting in your tenth star ,chitra4 ,the dreadful planet ,mangala is united with them in its oblique course 7#be74 ,by its dreadful effulgence ,budha has covered the western sky in the evening4 ,and going beyond its course ,sukra is ranging in the sky 7#bf74 ,separated by the tail of ,ketu ,bharani and other twelve planets are following the moon 7#bg74 ,encircled by a disc the dawn with its effulgence is obstructing the sun and the birds and animals are going in contrary directions with cries 7#bc7 ,crying continually and emitting ember-like breaths the dreadful jackals are coming out of the cremation-grounds and going towards the city both in the morning and evening 7#bi74 ,fire-brands are falling on earth with a terrible sound and the earth and mountain summits are shaking all on a sudden 7#cj74 ,the sun being possessed by ,rahu the day is appearing like a night and all the quarters are filled with portendous smoke and thunder-bolts 7#ca74 ,the thick clouds1 accompanied by lightnings1 are pouring down blood--the gods are being shaken off their stations and the birds are leaving their resting trees 7#cb74 ,what more1 all the evil omens1 described by the astrologers as indicating the future death of a king1 have set in 7#cc74 ,you are always harmful towards your relatives1 backward in observing your royal duties and wrathful for nothing4 ,therefore your death is imminent 7#cd74 ,when you have out of your foolishness insulted the aged and god-like ,vasudeva resembling a ,vasu1 there is no peace for you 7#ce74 ,you are an enemy of our race4 ,from to-day we drive away the love that we had for you4 ,after this we shall not adore you even for a moment 7#cf74 ,that giver1 of gifts among us1 is blessed who will behold the lotus-eyed ,krishna of unwearied actions 7now7 ranging in the forest 7#cg74 ,for you this ,yadu race is uprooted4 ,krishna will again unite his own kinsmen 7#ch74 ,your sense has been entirely destroyed by ,destiny4 ,speak whatever you like4 ,vasudeva will forgive you for all 7#ci74 ,o ,kansa1 ,i think it proper now that aided by ,vasudeva1 you should go to ,krishna and ingratiate yourself to his good graces 7#dj74 ,fire was an object of worship with the ancient ,aryans4 ,it was compulsory for three higher castes to preserve consecrated fire in their house4 ,it was kept perpetually and handed down from one generation to another4 ,from the ,vedic writings it appears that the ancient ,aryans used to worship fire as a sacred element4 ,this fire-worship still prevails amongst the followers of ,zoroaster4 ,this fact goes to prove that the ,parsis and the ,hindus are of the same stock4 ,putra is derived from ,put the name of a hell and the root tra to save from the hell ,put4 i4e4 ,the master of the city will soon die4 ,the star ,arcturus or fifteenth lunar asterism consisting of but one star4 ,mythologically it is one of the wives of the sun4 ,a star in the virgin's spike4 ,swati is the star under whose influence ,kansa was born4 ,chitra was then in the tenth place4 ,rahu was inimical there4 ,from this1 it is evident that all his attempts will prove futile and he will meet with death4 ,the planet ,mars4 ,the planet ,mercury4 ,this portends that his adminstration will come to an end4 ,the dragon's tail or descending node1 in astronomy the ninth of the planets4 ,the rising of a comet is an evil omen4 ,the name of the sacred lunar asterism containing three stars4 ,,chapter ,,lxxix4 ,,the ,,destruction ,,of ,,keshi4 ,vaishampayana said3--,hearing the words of ,andha ka1 ,kansa's eyes were reddened with anger4 ,without giving vent to a single word he entered into his own house 7#a74 ,having their resolution thus frustrated1 ,ydavas1 well-versed in ,srutis1 repaired to their respective habitations talking over the ill-conduct of ,kansa 7#b74 ,akrura too1 as commanded1 and desirous of seeing ,krishna1 set out for ,mathura in an excellent car fleet like the mind 7#c74 ,many good signs appeared on ,krishna's limbs bespeaking of his union with a father-like relative 7#d74 ,before ,akrura's departure1 ,ugrasena's son king ,kansa sent an emissary to ,keshi for destroying ,krishna 7#d74 ,hearing the words of the messenger1 the irrepressible ,keshi1 always oppressing the people1 at once went to ,vrindvana and began to torture the ,gopas 7#f71 ,feeding upon human flesh in anger that dreadful and wicked demon1 in the shape of a horse1 began to assail all greatly 7#g74 ,killing the cows and cow-herds1 that irrepressible ,dnava began to feed on beef of his own accord 7#h74 ,wherever in the forest the vicious-souled ,dnava ,keshi lived it was filled with the dead bodies of men and appeared like a cremation ground 7#i74 ,he used to scratch the earth with his hoofs1 weaken the trees with his velocity1 leap up into the sky and trifle at the wind with his neighing 7#aj74 ,thus shaking his manes and ranging in the forest1 that highly proud1 foolish and wicked demon1 assuming the form of a horse1 began to act there as desired by ,kansa 7#aa74 ,destroying the ,gopas1 that horse demon1 of wicked deeds1 made the forest empty 7#ab74 ,that wicked one so much vitiated the forest that the ,gopas1 who derive their sustenance through woods and the kine left it 7#ac74 ,with his mind worked up with pride he continually fed on human flesh so much so that the animals could not wend the forest roads 7#ad74 ,once during the day1 following in anger the noise of men1 that ,daity1 as if urged on by ,destiny1 arrived at the settlement of the milk-men 7#ae74 ,as soon as they saw him the ,gopa-women1 with their children1 and the ,gopas1 setting up a cry1 fled away to their master ,krishna1 the lord of the universe 7#af74 ,hearing the cries of the ,gopas and of their women ,krishna promised them safety and went out to meet ,keshi 7#ag74 ,keshi1 too1 of powerful course1 expanding his eyes and teeth and raising up his neck1 ran towards ,krishna with a great sound 7#ah74 ,seeing the horse-demon ,keshi fall on him ,govinda confronted him as a cloud approaches the moon 7#ai74 ,beholding ,krishna at that time approach ,keshi1 the ,gopas1 endued with human sense1 said to him for his well-being 7#bj73 ,o child1 ,o ,krishna1 do thou not all on a sudden approach this wretch of a horse1 for thou art a boy and that one of evil ways is beyond the power of all 7#ba74 ,this highly powerful ,dnava1 peerless in battle1 is born with ,kansa1 and is his life though ranging outward4 ,he is a dread of the horses and soldiers1 cannot be killed by any animal and the foremost of the sinful 7#bb-bc74 ,hearing these words given vent to by the ,gopas1 ,madhusudana1 the slayer of his enemies cherished a desire of fighting with ,keshi 7#bd74 ,thereupon turning reversely to the southern direction in anger that horse-demon began to break down the trees with his two feet 7#be74 ,then from his long mouth1 the thick manes on his neck and those falling on his forehead like streams of water began to trickle down drops of perspiration begotten by anger 7#bf74 ,as the moon pours down dews in the sky during the winter so from his mouth came out loams produced by the strokes of reins 7#bg74 ,with neighings coming out of his mouth and foams sent out by him like dews1 he1 as if1 ,o ,bhrata1 sprinkled ,mdhava 7#bh74 ,covered with yellowish dust resembling powdered ,madhuka 7panic seed7 raised up by his horns ,krishna's locks became tawny 7#bi74 ,trotting and leaping and riving the earth1 ,keshi1 biting his teeth1 ran towards ,krishna 7#cj74 ,while engaged in fighting with ,krishna1 the powerful ,dnava ,keshi1 the foremost of horses1 struck him on the breast with his fore-feet1 and wounded him1 of unmitigated prowess1 repeatedly with his hoofs 7#ca-cb74 ,thereupon in anger1 with his sharpened teeth1 forming the weapons of his dreadful mouth he bit the upper part of ,vsudeva's arm 7#cc74 ,at that time fighting with ,krishna1 ,keshi1 with long manes1 shone like the sun in sky united with clouds 7#cd74 ,with his strength doubled by anger that powerful horse1 with great motion1 attempted to strike ,krishna on the breast 7#ce74 ,thereat1 lengthening his arms1 ,krishna of great prowess1 in anger caught hold of the mouth of that demon4 7#cf74 ,keshi could not therefore eat up or break down his arms4 ,on the other hand1 his teeth being uprooted and broken down he began to vomit foamy blood 7#cg74 ,his lips were shattered1 his jaws were smashed1 and his eyes were disfigured4 ,they came out all being disjointed 7#ch74 ,his jaws were broken and his eyes were filled with blood4 ,raising up his ears in anger and having his mind agitated he set forth many an exertion 7#ci74 ,jumping up again and again with his legs1 he discharged urine and excreta1 his hairs were soaked with perspiration and feet grew motionless 7#dj74 ,thereupon ,krishna's arm1 thrown round ,keshi's head1 shone like a cloud stricken with the rays of the half-moon after the termination of the rainy season 7#da74 ,with his limbs wearied out ,keshi too1 while engaged in a conflict with ,krishna1 appeared like the declining and exhausted moon on the mount ,meru in the dawn 7#db74 ,his teeth1 uprooted by ,krishna's hands1 from his mouth fell down like white autumnal clouds shorn of water 7#dc74 ,thereupon when ,keshi was greatly worn out with fatigue ,krishna1 stretching his hands a good deal1 sundered him in twain 7#dd74 ,thus smashed down by ,krishna1 the face of the ,dnava ,keshi became disfigured and he began to cry most plaintively 7#de74 ,all his limbs were shaken and shattered and blood came out of his mouth4 ,he appeared there1 accordingly1 disfigured like a mountain1 with a half of it being chopped off 7#df74 ,thus smothered by ,krishna's hands and with his mouth expanded that highly dreadful ,asura fell down like an elephant cut into two halves 7#dg74 ,the dreadful figure of ,kehsi1 mutilated by ,krishna's hand1 appeared like a beast slain by ,rudra1 with trident in his hand 7#gh74 ,his body being sundered into two equal halves each portion bearing two legs1 half of his back and tail1 one eye and one nostril1 remained on earth 7#di74 ,krishna's arms too1 wounded by ,keshi's teeth1 shone like a growing palm tree in the forest scratched by an elephant's tusks 7#ej74 ,having1 in this wise1 slain ,keshi in the battle-field and divided his body into two parts the lotus-eyed ,krishna stood there smiling 7#ea74 ,beholding ,keshi slain1 the ,gopas and their women1 with all their troubles and weariness gone1 were greatly delighted 7#eb74 ,and welcoming the beautiful ,dmodara according to their respective position and age they honored him again and again with sweet words 7#ec74 ,the ,gopas said3--,o child1 ,o ,krishna1 having slain the ,daitya1 assuming the form of a horse and ranging on earth--the thorn of people1 thou hast performed an arduous work 7#ed74 ,on this vicious horse being slain by thee ,vrindvana is now full of auspiciousness and men1 animals and birds are at ease 7#ee74 ,this vicious-minded one has destroyed many of our milk-men1 cows fond of calves and villages 7#ef74 ,perhaps divesting the worlds of men this sinful 7demon7 is about to bring about a universal dissolution for ranging himself at ease 7#eg74 ,o ,krishna1 what to speak of mortal men1 even amongst the celestials1 one1 desirous of living1 cannot stand before him 7#eh74 ,thereupon the ,brhmana ,nrada1 disappearing from view in the sky1 said ,o ,vishnu1 ,o god1 ,o ,krishna1 ,i am pleased 7#ei74 ,the arduous work1 that you have performed by destroying ,krishna1 is in thy power and in that of the three-eyed ,deity 7,siva7 amongst the celestials 7#fj74 ,o my child1 my mind is devoted to thee1 and therefore desirous of witnessing this combat between a man and a horse ,i have come here from the celestial region 7#fa74 ,o ,govinda1 beholding thy deeds as the destruction of ,putan c41 and this thy present feat ,i have been highly pleased 7#fh74 ,when this wicked-minded horse-demon ,keshi used to increase his body1 even ,mahendra1 the slayer of ,bali1 was stricken with fear 7#fc74 ,with thy outstretched hands thou hast sundered him4 ,this death was ordained for him by ,brahm1 the root of the universe 7#fd74 ,listen now to my declaration1 ,o ,vishnu4 ,since thou hast slain ,keshi1 thou shalt pass by the name of ,keshava in the world 7#fe74 ,may good betide thee1 ,o ,keshava1 ,i shall soon depart4 ,thou hast many works still to accomplish and thou art capable of doing them4 ,do thou perform them therefore1 without any delay 7#ff74 ,o god1 thyself being engaged in another work1 other deities1 dependant on thy power1 are sporting like men imitating thy feats 7#fg74 ,the time for the mighty deep of the ,bharata war1 the battle of the kings1 who are about to repair to the celestial region1 is near at hand 7#fh74 ,because the kings will repair to the region of ,sakra1 houses are being built for them there1 the etherial roads are being cleared off and the cars are being embellished with pennons 7#fi74 ,o ,keshava1 when ,ugrasena's son will be killed and thou wilt be in thy position this terrible and all-destroying war of kings will commence 7#gj74 ,o ,mdhava1 unparalleled are thy deeds2 therefore at the time of the war the ,pndavas will seek refuge with thee and thou too shalt espouse their cause 7#ga74 ,when thou shalt be on the royal throne1 undoubtedly the kings will renounce their most excellent and auspicious prosperity 7#gb71 ,o ,krishna1 ,o lord of the universe1 thus ,i have communicated unto thee the intelligence of the gods living in the celestial region and of the universe4 ,although this history is recorded in ,srutis it will become famous in the world 7#gc74 ,o lord1 ,i have witnessed thy deeds and have seen thee4 ,i now depart and shall return when ,kansa will be slain 7#gd74 ,saying this ,nrada wended the etherial way4 ,and hearing the words of ,nrada1 proficient in celestial music1 the ,gopas too1 along with ,krishna1 repaired to ,vraja 7#ge-gf74 ,,chapter ,,lxxx4 ,,akrura ,,goes ,,to ,,vraja ,vaishampayana said3--,thereupon when1 the sun1 with weakened rays1 set1 when in the evening crimson sky1 the disc of the moon became tawny coloured1 when the birds entered into their nests1 when the fire was enkindled by the sacrificers1 when the quarters were enshrouded a little with darkness1 when in that delightful night of the spring1 ,sukas1 ,valakas and other birds fell asleep in the village of the milk-men1 when the night-rangers1 fond of meat1 became delighted1 when the delightful night of ,indra ,gopas1 when the study of the ,vedas is stopped1 set in1 when the hour for boiling milk--a necessary adjunct of an ,agnihotra ceremony for the householders1 appeared1 when the hermits began to offer oblations to fire1 when the cows came back1 and having their calves bound 7to stakes7 at the time of yielding milk began to bellow1 when the milk-men1 with long ropes for binding cows1 and setting up a noise1 began to call their kine1 by names and collect them1 when fire was set to dried cow-dung by ,gopas returned from the forest and having their shoulders bent down by the weight of woods1 when after the termination of the day and with the beginning of night the moon rose and shone1 when with the disappearance of the rays of the sun the day passed away and with the shining rays of the moon the night set in1 when the sky grew effulgent like burning fire1 ,akrura1 as if along with birds about to enter into their nests1 arrived at ,vraja in his car1 with a view of communicating happy news of union with friends4 ,having entered there that giver of gifts frequently enquired after ,keshava1 ,rohini's son and ,nanda ,gopa 7#a-ad74 ,thereupon coming down from the chariot that highly powerful and liberal prince1 resembling a ,vasu1 entered ,nanda's house 7#ae74 ,as soon as he entered the gate with his face full of joy and eyes full of tears he saw ,krishna stationed at the milking-place in the midst of calves like a bull4 ,greatly delighted at seeing ,krishna1 the pious ,akrura with heavy accents1 said ,come to me1 ,o ,keshava4 ,and beholding ,vsudeva1 at the junction of boyhood and youth who lay on a fig-leaf at the time of the universal dissolution1 and who assumed the form of a dwarf at the time of imposing on ,bali1 served by the prosperity of the three worlds1 he praised him again and again and said within himself3--,this is the lotus-eyed ,krishna of the size of a huge mountain1 resembling an ocean overflowed with water and endued with the prowess of a lion and tiger4 ,irrepressible in battle he has the mystic mark of ,srivatsa on his breast and his well-adorned arms are like a ground where the enemies are being killed 7#af-bj74 ,he is the incarnation of ,vishnu under the guise of a milk-man who is the first worshipful of the universe and whose form is ,upanishad4 ,his hairs have stood erect 7on seeing a votary7 7#ba74 ,his head1 resembling an umbrella1 is worthy of a crown1 his ears of two most excellent ,kundalas and his spacious breast of a neck-chain4 ,and his two plump and long arms have increased his beauty 7#bb-bc74 ,clad in a yellow raiment1 his body1 looked after by a thousand of women can even cut ,madana 7,cupid7 to the quick4 ,he is the eternal ,vishnu 7#bd74 ,the lord1 whose two feet are the refuge of the earth1 and which covered the three worlds1 has himself descended on earth 7#be74 ,his beautiful right hand is fit for holding the discus and his left hand is1 as if1 willing to hold a club 7#bf74 ,with his first foot he has descended on earth4 ,and that foremost of the celestials is shining on earth 7#bg74 ,the ,brhmanas1 conversant with the knowledge of future1 have said that the ,lord ,gopla will multiply the almost extinct ,yadu race 7#bh74 ,as the torrents fill up the great ocean1 so hundreds and thousands of ,yadavas by his power will fill up their respective families 7#bi74 ,when the commander of the enemies will be slain the entire1 eternal and prosperous universe will abide by his commands1 as in the golden age 7#cj74 ,while on earth he will subjugate the entire world2 and though not a king he will rule over all the crowned heads 7#ca74 ,as in the days of yore1 vanquishing ,bali with his three foot-steps he installed ,purandara as the king of gods in the celestial region1 so subjugating the three worlds with his two feet he will forsooth now install ,ugrasena as the ,lord ,paramount 7#cb-cc74 ,while ,keshava1 the ,creator of ocean-like hostilities1 who is well-versed in many lores regarding the kings1 the ,ancient ,purusha1 whom the ,brhmanas have hymned in the ,vedas1 has become desirous of living like a man1 forsooth he will be an object of imitation to all the worlds 7#cd-ce74 ,to-day with mantras ,i shall duly adore in my mind the divinity and the person of ,vishnu 7#cf74 ,the ,maharshis1 endued with spiritual knowledge1 know him as superhuman4 ,that he has appeared amongst men and has become one of our kinsmen is undoubtedly superhuman 7#cg74 ,however holding a consultation with ,krishna in the night1 ,i shall1 if he likes1 take him and the ,gopas to ,mathur 7#ch74 ,beholding ,krishna and thus recapitulating within himself thoughts pregnant with reasoning and high significance he entered into the court of ,nanda ,gopa 7#ci74 ,in his true ,brahma form devoid of all qualities4 ,the four feet are ,viswa1 ,taijasa1 ,prajna and ,turya4 ,,chapter ,,lxxxi4 ,,akrura ,,describes ,,to ,,him ,,the ,,miseries ,,of ,,his ,,parents4 ,vaishampayana said3--,that giver of liberal gifts1 having entered ,nanda's house with ,keshava and collected all the elderly milk-men1 said delightedly to ,krishna and ,rohini's son ,o my sons1 early in the morning to-morrow1 we will all repair to ,mathur 7#a-b74 ,under ,kansa's command1 the ,gopa inhabitants of ,vraja1 with their family and annual tributes1 are to go there 7#c74 ,kansa is celebrating there a prosperous bow-sacrifice4 ,you will all witness it and be united with your kinsmen 7#d74 ,o my sons1 your father ,vasudeva is overwhelmed with sorrow consequent upon the destruction of his sons4 ,you will be united with him there 7#e74 ,o ,krishna1 he has grown old and all his limbs have become lean on account of decrepitude4 ,and he is being always oppressed by ,kansa of sinful designs 7#f74 ,out of ,kansa's fear and your absence his mind is always burning in anxiety 7#g74 ,o ,govinda1 you will also see the sorrowful and goddess-like ,devaki4 ,her breast has not been handled by her sons and she is growing lean out of grief for her sons4 ,she is anxious to see you4 ,and stricken with the sorrow of separation she is there like a cow without her calf 7#h-i74 ,like unto the moon possessed by ,rhu her eyes have run into their sockets and clad in a soiled raiment she is poorly spending her days 7#aj74 ,o ,krishna1 that ascetic lady is being exhausted with your sorrow4 ,she is anxious to see you4 ,and the desire for your return is reigning supreme in her mind 7#aa74 ,o lord1 being separated from thee from thy very infancy she could not listen to thy child-like talks nor could she see the beauty of thy moon-like countenance 7#ab74 ,if by giving birth to thee ,devaki is to repent thus what necessity had she then of a son8 ,it would have been better for her not to have any offspring 7#ac74 ,women1 having no children1 are subject to one grief only--but there is no end of their miseries1 if they1 on having offspring1 have not their ends accomplished and fie on such sons 7#ad74 ,o ,mdhava1 thou art the saviour of even thy enemies1 art gifted with prowess like unto that of ,indra and art endued with matchless accomplishments4 ,she does not desire such a grief whose son thou art 7#ae74 ,although aged thy parents are now serving another man and ,kansa1 of a sinful mind1 is now insulting them on thy account 7#af74 ,if like unto earth who holds thee ,devaki deserves thy respect it behoves thee to save that goddess sunk into the water of sorrow 7#ag74 ,o ,krishna1 subjecting old ,vasudeva1 ever fond of his son and used to luxuries1 to sorrow consequent upon the separation of his sons what religious merit wilt thou acquire 7#ah78 ,o ,mdhava1 as thou didst vanquish the wicked ,nga ,kalya in the lake of ,yamun1 as thou didst uproot the mount ,govardhana for the behoof of the cows1 destroy the powerful ,arishtha elated with pride1 kill the wicked-minded ,keshi ever intent upon killing others so do thou now make such an exertion with great care for saving thy aged parents overwhelmed with grief that thou mayst acquire piety 7#ai-ba74 ,those1 who saw thy father insulted in the court of ,kansa1 are all1 laden with sorrow1 continually shedding tears 7#bb74 ,brought under the control of ,kansa thy mother is suffering diverse miseries as the destruction of her sons 7#bc74 ,a son1 born of his parents1 should satisfy all the debts due by him as laid down in the scriptures 7#bd74 ,o sinless ,krishna1 if dost thou show this favour towards thy parants they will cast off their grief and thou shalt too satisfy thy duty 7#be74 ,vaishampyana said3--,the powerful ,krishna knew everything so without taking any offence at the words of the liberal prince he said ,so be it 7#bf74 ,hearing the words of ,akrura1 all the ,gopas1 headed by ,nanda1 desired to follow the orders of ,kansa 7#bg74 ,determined upon going to ,mathur the elderly ,gopa inhabitants of ,vraja dressed themselves4 ,and arranging their presents they all proceeded along 7#bh74 ,desiring of offering tributes unto ,kansa1 the heads of the various ,gopa clans arranged according to their herds and quality1 buffaloes and bull1 curd1 milk and clarified butter4 ,and with these their tributes they all set out 7#bi-cj74 ,conversing with ,krishna and ,rohini's son ,akrura spent the night without sleep 7#ca74 ,thereupon in the dawn resonant with the notes of the birds and after the termination of the night all the rays of the moon were withdrawn4 ,all the luminous bodies disappeared from the welkin covered with the rays of the sun4 ,the earth was soaked with drops of dews driven by the morning breeze4 ,the fading stars fell asleep on their beds of sky and were shorn of lustre4 ,thus did the night disappear and the sun rose4 ,as if seeing the increasing body of the sun1 the moon1 of cool rays1 withdrew his own form in shame4 ,thereupon the outskirts of ,vraja were filled with cows1 the churning vessels were setting up a sound1 the young ones were bound down with ropes and the high-ways of ,vraja were filled with ,gopas4 ,at that time placing on carts their vessels filled with various materials and themselves also getting on them the ,gopas set out speedily 7#cb-cc74 ,thereupon ,krishna1 ,rohini's son1 and ,akrura1 the giver of liberal presents proceeded on chariots like three ,patriarchs 7#ci74 ,when they reached the bank of ,yamun ,akrura said to ,krishna3--,stop the carriage here and look after the horses 7#dj74 ,offer with care barley to the horses in the vessel that is on the car and wait for me for a moment 7#da74 ,ananta1 the king of serpents and the protector of all the worlds1 is the lord of the universe4 ,therefore going to the river ,yamun1 ,i shall1 with celestial mantras1 worship him 7#db74 ,when ,i shall bow unto that mystic lord ,ananta1 clad in blue a apparel1 having an auspicious crown and a thousand heads1 nectarine poison will come out of the mouth of that god and ,i shall drink it like unto the celestials drinking ambrosia 7#dc-dd74 ,for the peace of the serpents ,shesha will convene a meeting and let me behold that king of serpents endued with prosperity and the very abode of auspiciousness 7#de74 ,as long as ,i do not come back from the lake of the king of serpents you both wait here for me 7#df74 ,hearing this ,krishna was pleased and said ,go but do not delay2 for without you1 we shall not be able to wait here 7#dg74 ,thereupon sinking into the lake of ,yamun the liberal prince saw the region of ,ngas in ,rastala like unto this world 7#dh74 ,he saw there the thousand-headed ,deity ,ananta having a golden ball for his insignia4 ,in his hand was a plough-share and by his belly was a mace 7#di74 ,he was of yellow hue and was seated on a yellow seat4 ,he was clad in a dark-blue raiment and on his ear was shining a ,kundala resembling the bud of a lotus4 ,and his lotus-like eye-lids were closed 7#ej74 ,that serpent was embellished with two ,swastikas and he was seated at ease on a beautiful white seat made by his own body 7#ea74 ,his breast was adorned with a garland of golden lotuses and his head was decked with a golden tiara bent a little towards left 7#eb74 ,the body1 resembling a white cloud of that large-armed king of serpents the slayer of his enemies1 was besmeared with crimson-colour ed sandal and adorned with lotus garlands4 ,the four quarters were filled with the lustre 7of his person7 7#ec74 ,vasuki and other leading serpents were worshipping their only king1 the powerful ,sesha1 master of one all spreading ocean 7#ed74 ,the two ,ngas1 ,kamvala and ,ashwatara1 by name1 were fanning with chowries that king of ,ngas1 seated on a throne of righteousness 7#ee74 ,the ,pannaga king ,vsuki1 encircled by his serpent ministers1 headed by ,karkotaka1 was shining near him 7#ef74 ,with celestial and golden jars covered with lotuses other leading ,nagas were sprinkling that king already bathed in one sheet of water 7#eg74 ,he saw there the dark blue hued ,vishnu clad in a yellow raiment and bearing the mystic mark of ,srivatsa1 seated at ease on the lap of that king of serpents 7#eh74 ,another powerful celestial form1 resembling ,sankarshana1 gifted with the beauty of the moon1 was seated there without any seat 7#ei74 ,that giver of presents was about to address a few words to ,krishna there but his power of speech was suppressed by his 7,krishna's7 prowess 7#fj74 ,beholding such eternal and divine prosperity in the serpents that giver of liberal presents was filled with surprise4 ,and coming to the bank from the water he saw ,rama and ,krishna of wonderful forms seated on the car and looking towards each other 7#fa-fb74 ,seeing this ,akrura1 again out of curiosity1 plunged into the lake and saw that the king of gods1 ,ananta1 having a white face and clad in a blue raiment1 was being worshipped as before2 and that the powerful ,krishna too was seated on the lap of that thousand-headed king of serpents and being worshipped as before 7#fc-fd74 ,then again coming out all on a sudden and reciting in his mind that mantra he went to the car by the same way by which he had come 7#fe74 ,thereupon ,krishna delightedly said to ,akrura who was before him3--,what did you see of the ,nga region situate in this ,bhagavat lake8 ,i think you have seen something wonderful for you waited for a long time in the lake and your mind too has been agitated 7#ff-fg74 ,hearing the words of ,krishna ,akrura replied3--,o ,krishna1 what wonder is there in the entire world1 mobile and immobile1 which can be accomplished without thee 7#fh78 ,the wonder which ,i saw there1 although rare on earth1 ,i am seeing here and enjoying delight4 ,o ,krishna1 ,i am united with the wonder incarnate in the world and therefore do not like to see a greater wonder than this4 ,o lord1 let us go to the city of king ,kansa before the sun sets 7#fi-ga74 ,a kind of mystical figure the inscription of which on any person or thing is generally considered to be lucky4 ,the ,sesha ,naga was the couch of ,vishnu on whose thousand hoods he lay asleep4 ,the ,vaishnava writers have variously interpreted this incident4 ,according to them the anecdote is that when ,vasudeva was carrying ,krishna he slipped off his hand and fell into the water4 ,he however at once picked up the boy4 ,but this time ,krishna did not come but ,vishnu in ,krishna form4 ,when ,akrura went to bathe in the ,yamuna ,krishna came out and went to ,mathura while ,vishnu lived in ,gokula4 ,,chapter ,,lxxxii4 ,,krishna',s ,,arrival4 ,vaishampayana said3--,thereupon yoking 7the horses to the7 car and ascending thereon the liberal giver ,akrura set out with ,krishna and ,sangkarshana and reached the charming city of ,mathur protected by ,kansa4 ,and before evening when the sun was in its crimson colour he entered that beautiful city 7#a-b74 ,taking the heroic ,krishna and ,sangkarshana of beautiful colour first to his own house the intelligent giver of liberal presents1 effulgent like the sun1 said to them3-- ,o sire1 for the present you are to relinquish the desire of going to ,vasudeva's house 7#c-d74 ,for you1 your old father is being day and night chiden by ,kansa4 ,so you should not wait here long 7#e74 ,you should do such a good and pleasant work on his behalf that your father may attain to happiness 7#f74 ,hearing this ,krishna said3--,if you like ,o pious 7,akrura7 we1 while visiting ,mathura and her highways1 will enter unperceived into ,kansa's house 7#g74 ,vaishampyana said3--,bowing unto ,krishna in his mind ,akrura too1 with a delighted mind1 went to ,kansa 7#h74 ,thus instructed those two heroes went on visiting all the high-ways like two elephants let free from their posts and desirous of fighting 7#i74 ,seeing a washer-man on the way they asked of him beautiful clothes 7#aj74 ,the washer man replied to them1 saying ,who are you8 ,out of ignorance you have been fearlessly wanting the robes of the king4 ,it seems you are rangers of the forest 7#aa74 ,i dye1 as he desires1 all the clothes of the king ,kansa which he gets from various countries 7#ab74 ,methinks1 born in a forest you have grown up with the deer4 ,otherwise why do long for and pray for the various dyed clothes 7#ac74 ,you are stupid and of inferior intellect1 or else why do you desire for king's clothes4 ,perhaps giving up all hopes of your life you have come here 7#ad74 ,destiny was against that stupid washer-man of feeble understanding and therefore he discharged such poisonous words4 ,krishna grew offended with him and struck him on the head with his fist strong as the thunder-bolt4 ,with his head sundered he fell down lifeless on earth 7#ae-af74 ,thereupon the wives of that washer-man1 bewailing for their dead husband indignantly and with dishevelled hairs1 soon approached ,kansa's house 7#ag74 ,like two elephants attracted by smell those two sweet speeched brothers went to a shop for garlands 7#ah74 ,there lived a wealthy1 sweet-speeched and good-looking garland dealer by name ,gunaka4 ,he had a large stock of garlands 7#ai74 ,desirous of having garlands ,krishna1 with sweet words and without any hesitation1 said to the shop-keeper ,give me some garlands 7#bj74 ,hearing this the garland-dealer was pleased and conferred upon those two beautiful brothers a number of garlands and said ,these are all yours 7#ba74 ,being pleased ,krishna conferred upon ,gunaka a boon saying ,o gentle one1 the goddess of prosperity1 who is my dependant1 shall always live by you with profuse riches 7#bb74 ,with his head bending low and touching the feet of ,krishna that garland-dealer patiently accepted the boon 7#bc74 ,then thinking ,they are ,yakshas1 the garland-dealer1 stricken with great fear1 did not give any reply 7#bd74 ,thereupon again going to the high-way the two sons of ,vasudeva espied ,kuvj with pastes in her hands 7#be74 ,seeing her ,krishna said3--,o lotus-eyed ,kuvj1 tell me quickly for whom you are carrying these unguents 7#bf74 ,hearing this ,kuvj1 going obliquely like a lightning1 with delightful eyes and smiles said to the lotus-eyed ,krishna in words grave as the clouds 7#bg74 ,may you fare-well4 ,i was going to the king's bath-room4 ,i am waiting here because you are a darling of my heart2 come and accept this unguent4 ,o you of lotus-eyes1 of you of a beautiful face1 seeing you ,i am filled with surprise 7#bh-bi74 ,o gentle one1 whence have you come that you do not know me4 ,i am a favourite of the king and engaged in the work of smearing his body 7#cj74 ,krishna then replied to ,kuvj who stood there smiling3 ,give us unguents befitting our body 7#ca74 ,o you of a beautiful face1 we are wrestlers who travel over the countries4 ,we have come here at present to see this happy and prosperous kingdom and to witness this bow-sacrifice 7#cb74 ,she said to ,krishna ,no sooner ,i have seen you than you have become my favourite4 ,without any hesitation accept this unguent becoming a king 7#cc74 ,thereupon besmearing their beautiful persons with unguents those two brothers shone like two bulls covered all over their body with the mud of ,yamuna 7#cd74 ,thereupon ,krishna1 conversant with the art of arranging for sports1 softly touched the haunch of ,kuvj with his fingers 7#ce74 ,knowing her haunch 7thus7 broken1 the beautiful and sweet smiling ,kuvj1 like unto a straight creeper1 said with love to ,krishna displaying her gestures and laughing aloud ,where wilt thou go8 ,wait here1 requested by me4 ,take me 7#cf-cg74 ,the eternal ,krishna and ,rma had a knowledge of ,kuvj's accomplishments and therefore looking at each other they began to laugh striking their palms 7#ch74 ,thereupon smiling a little ,krishna sent away ,kuvj who was stricken with desire4 ,thus liberated from ,kuvj's 7grasp7 they set out for the court 7#ci74 ,thereupon those two brothers1 dressed like milk-men and brought up in ,vraja1 entered the palace without betraying the designs they had at heart by the gestures of their faces 7#dj74 ,like two proud lions1 born in the ,himalaya forests1 those two boys1 unnoticed1 reached the house of bows 7#da74 ,desirous of seeing that bow embellished with celebrity those two heroes said to the keeper of the house of weapons 7#db74 ,o keeper of ,kansa's bows1 hear our words4 ,o gentle one1 where is that bow for which this sacrifice is being celebrated 7#dc78 ,if you like1 show us that celebrated bow4 ,he then showed them the bow resembling a pillar1 to which even the gods headed by ,vsava cannot set a string and which cannot be broken down4 ,the powerful ,krishna took it up with his hand 7#dd-de74 ,taking up with his hand with a delighted mind that bow worshipped of the ,daityas the powerful lotus-eyed ,krishna stretched and bent it continually4 ,bent with force by ,krishna that celebrated bow1 resembling a serpent1 broke in twain4 ,having thus broken that best of bows1 the quick-coursing youth ,vsudeva issued out of that room along with ,sangkarshana 7#df-dh74 ,at that time all the quarters were filled with the sound of the snapping of the bow resembling that of the wind and the entire inner appartment shook at it 7#di74 ,thereupon terrified the guard1 coming out of the room of weapons1 speedily approached the king and breathing like a crow said--,hear1 ,i shall relate what wonderful incident1 like unto the dissolution of the world1 has taken place in the house of bows4 ,two heroic men1 capable of assuming forms at will and resembling the sons of gods1 clad in blue and and yellow raiments and besmeared with such unguents1 at once entered into the inner appartment unnoticed by men4 ,the effulgence of their body is like new fire and their locks are adorned with spreading tufts of hair 7#ej-ec74 ,they were adorned with beautiful raiments and garlands4 ,those two gentle heroes1 as if at once came1 down from the sky and stationed themselves in the bow-room4 ,i have seen this myself distinctly 7#ed74 ,of them the lotus-eyed and dark hued hero1 who wore yellow apparel and garlands1 took up that best of bows which even the gods cannot 7#ee71 ,o king1 although a boy1 he easily and speedily with force stringed and bent that huge iron bow 7#ef74 ,when that large armed hero drew that bow without arrows with a great sound it broke into two pieces in its middle 7#eg74 ,with the sound of the snapping of that bow the sun was shorn of its effulgence1 the earth was agitated and the sky was as if displaced 7#eh74 ,o you1 a terror of your enemies1 beholding this great super-human deed ,i am filled with surprise and in fear come have to communicate to you this news4 ,of those two heroes of unmitigated prowess1 one is like the mount ,kailsa and the other is like a mountain of collyrium in hue4 ,i do not know who they are4 ,as an elephant breaks down a pillar so that hero1 of great prowess1 shattered that precious bow in twain and went away speedily like air with his companion4 ,i do not know who he is1 ,o king 7#ei-fa74 ,kansa knew everything from before1 so hearing of the breaking of the bow he did not say any thing4 ,dismissing the guard he entered into his most excellent room 7#fb74 ,,chapter ,,lxxxiii4 ,,arrangements ,,for ,,the ,,match4 ,vaishampayana said3--,meditating on the incident of the breaking of the bow ,kansa1 of ,bhoja race1 was greatly stricken with grief and absent-mindedness 7#a74 ,he began to think3--,how could a boy fearlessly break down an iron bow guarded by men and go out 7#b74 ,none can withstand destiny by manliness for now1 as predicted by ,nrada1 that has come to pass for which out of fear ,i perpetrated a dreadful and highly censurable deed and destroyed the six heroic sons of ,devaki 7#c-d74 ,thus thinking and issuing out of his own apartment the king went to the arena for examining the platforms 7#e74 ,this hall was constructed by clever artizans1 abounded in well fixed platforms and was adorned with turrets consisting of beautiful rooms4 ,it had a spacious courtyard and a number of pillars of the same size4 ,it was bedecked on all sides with strong tusks of elephants and with spacious1 high and royal seats4 ,it had many passages1 could carry the burden of many men and was filled with altars4 ,beholding this spacious well-built1 and strong arena that intelligent best of kings issued the mandate 7tomorrow7 the bow sacrifice will take place4 ,let the platforms1 turrets and passages be embellished with garlands1 flags and covers and be sweet-scented 7#f-aa74 ,let the enclosures be adorned with bells1 covers and becoming edibles and place there profuse cow-dung 7#ab74 ,let excellent golden jars full of water be placed in due order 7#ac74 ,let jars full of edibles and scents be placed and invite all those who are clever judges of warfare and the citizens 7#ad74 ,issue my mandate to the wrestlers and visitors and let beautifully decked and enclosed platforms be set apart 7#ae74 ,issuing this command regarding the arrangement of the party ,kansa left the arena for his own appartment 7#af74 ,having entered his own room ,kansa sent for ,chnura and ,mushthika the two wrestlers of unequalled strength 7#ag74 ,following ,kansa's order those two highly powerful energetic and large armed wrestlers entered his room with a delighted heart 7#ah74 ,beholding those two world-renowned wrestlers before him king ,kansa addressed to them the following words pregnant with propriety 7#ai74 ,you are both my heroic wrestlers well-known 7in the world74 ,you are worthy particularly of good treatment and therefore ,i always regard you 7#bj74 ,if you remember the honors ,i have showered upon you then engage in a great work with your energy on my behalf 7#ba74 ,forsooth1 fighting in the arena with those two forest-ranging cow-herd boys ,krishna and ,sangkarshana who have grown in ,vraja for me you will be able to throw them on earth and kill them 7#bb-bc74 ,you will be perfectly careful in killing them2 do not disregard them as boys of fickle nature 7#bd74 ,if those two boys are killed in battle in the arena ,i shall meet with well-being both in present and future 7#be74 ,hearing these affectionate words of the king the wrestlers ,chnura and ,mushthika1 mad after fight1 delightedly replied 7#bf73--;,if those two helpless boys1 the very sin of the ,gopas1 come before us know them as already slain and existing in the shape of ghosts 7#bg74 ,on our being worked up with anger if those two forest-rangers1 enveloped in calamities1 withstand us1 we will destroy them in your very presence 7#bh74 ,giving vent to these poisonous words and commanded by king ,kansa those two foremost of wrestlers ,chnura and ,mushthika returned to their own habitations 7#bi74 ,thereupon ,kansa said to his elephant-trainer ,mahmtra3--,keep at the gate of the arena the fickle-natured and powerful elephant ,kuvalayapida1 the oppressor of other elephants1 whose temples are soaked with temporal juice1 eyes are always inebriate and who is always angry with men 7#cj-ca74 ,when the mean forest-ranging sons1 of ,vasudeva1 will come do you so drive that elephant at them that they might at once be deprived of their lives 7#cb74 ,if by you1 through that elephant-chief those two irrepressible ,gopas are killed in the arena my eyes will derive pleasure from seeing you 7#cc74 ,beholding them slain1 ,vasudeva1 with his root cut off and helpless1 will meet with destruction along with his wife 7#cd74 ,beholding ,krishna thrown down all the stupid ,ydavas will give up hope and be slain 7#ce74 ,having myself slain those two cow-herd boys through the wrestlers or the elephant ,i shall divest the city of ,mathur of all the ,ydavas and live here happily 7#cf74 ,i have forsaken my father because he belongs to the ,yadu race and ,i do now forsake the remaining ,ydavas devoted to ,krishna 7#cg74 ,verily as said by ,nrada ,i am not begotten by ,ugrasena a man of feeble energy who hankers after a son 7#ch74 ,mahamatra said3--,how did the celestial saint ,nrada describe the wonderful story related by thee1 ,o king1 ,o thou1 the slayer of thy enemies 7#ci74 ,o king1 how couldst thou take thy birth from any other person save thy father ,ugrasena8 ,how could thy mother perpetrate such an abominable deed which even the ordinary women cannot8 ,o great king1 curious ,i am to listen to all these in detail 7#dj--da74 ,kansa said3--,hear1 if you are so anxious1 ,i shall describe what the powerful sage ,nrada1 the foremost of ,brhmanas said 7#db74 ,once on a time came to me from ,indra's palace his friend the immortal1 learned and celestial sage ,nrada4 ,he was clad in an apparel white as the rays of the moon1 wore matted locks1 had an antelope skin thrown round his neck1 a rough sacred thread1 a staff and a pitcher in his hands4 ,he used to recite the four ,vedas1 was proficient in the art of music and traversed the ,brahma region like his second-self 7#dc-de74 ,beholding the arrival of the sage and adoring him duly with arghya1 water to wash his feet and a seat ,i took him to my house and made him seated 7#df74 ,seated at ease that foremost of divine sages ,nrada1 always intent on meditating upon soul1 enquired after my well-being and said with a delighted mind 7#dg74 ,narada said3--,o hero1 ,i have been worshipped by you with rites sanctioned by ,holy ,writs4 ,listen now to a word of mine and accept it 7#dh74 ,i had repaired to the golden mountain ,meru1 the abode of the gods4 ,on the summit of that mountain ,sumeru a meeting of the gods was held4 ,i heard them hold counsels regarding the highly dreadful destruction of yourself along with all your followers 7#di-ej74 ,i heard there1 that the eighth son of ,devaki1 ,vishnu1 worshipped of all1 would bring about ,kansa's death 7#ea74 ,he is all in all of the gods1 the support of the celestial region1 the great mystery of the gods4 ,he will be your ,death 7#eb74 ,o king1 one should not disregard his enemy1 even he may be weak or his own kinsman4 ,be careful to put ,devaki's children to death 7#ec74 ,o you of great power1 ,ugrasena is not your father4 ,the energetic and dreadful ,drumila1 the king of ,soubha1 is your father 7#ed74 ,hearing his words ,i was filled with anger a little and accosted him again saying ,o ,brahman1 how could ,dnava ,drumila become my father 7#ee78 ,how could he know my mother1 ,o ,vipra8 ,i wish to hear all this at length1 ,o great ascetic 7#ef74 ,narada said3--,o king1 listen1 ,i shall truly relate how your mother was united with ,drumila 7#eg74 ,once on a time your mother1 during her menses1 went out of curiosity to see the mountain ,suyman along with her female companions4 ,she was ranging in the beautiful summits of the mountain abounding in charming trees and table-lands1 and in the caves and on the banks of the rivers 7#eh-ei74 ,hearing again and again the lust-exciting words1 sweet as the songs of the ,kinnaras1 pleasant to the ears2 and echoing on all sides1 the notes of the peacocks and other birds her mind was worked up with desire the usual habit of women 7#fj-fa74 ,in the meantime there blew the wind carrying the fragrance of flowers of the forest that awakes ,manmatha 7the god of love7 7#fb74 ,driven by the wind the ,kadamva flowers1 closed by continual showers and adorned with black bees1 began to pour down fragrance profusely 7#fc74 ,with the downpour of flowers and filaments the ,neepa trees shone there like lamps 7#fd74 ,covered with new grass and adorned with ,indragopa insects the earth appeared to have her menstrual flow1 like a youthful damsel 7#fe74 ,at that time1 ,o ,kansa1 as if you urged on by destiny the beautiful ,dnava ,drumila1 capable of coursing at-will1 the king of ,soubha1 came there by the etherial way in a quick-coursing car1 going everywhere at will1 and effulgent like the new sun1 to see mount ,suymana4 ,reaching that foremost of mountains1 descending from his car1 and keeping his chariot1 that is capable of destroying other cars1 in the garden on the mountain he began to walk on the summit along with his charioteer 7#ff-fi74 ,they saw there many forests and gardens endued with characteristics of various seasons and resembling the celestial garden of ,nandana1 various jewels of golden1 silvery and collyrium-like hues1 summits covered with diverse mineral substances1 various trees adorned with many sorts of fruits and flowers1 filled with the fragrance of flowers and resorted to by various creatures and birds of diverse species1 various places abounding in herbs and ,rishis of accomplished piety1 numberless ,vidyadharas1 ,kimpurushas1 ,vnaras1 ,rakshasas1 lions1 tigers1 boars1 buffaloes1 ,sarabhas1 ,shalas1 ,srimaras1 ,mahasatwas1 elephants and ,yakshas as they walked over that best of mountains 7#gj-ge74 ,thereupon from distance ,drumila1 the king of ,daityas1 saw your mother1 as if the daughter of a god1 culling flowers from the trees and sporting with her companions 7#gf74 ,beholding from a distance that goddess of a beautiful hip encircled by her companions the king of ,soubha1 filled with surprise1 said to his charioteer 7#gg74 ',who is this beautiful1 high-minded and accomplished damsel having the eyes of a roe who is ranging at the outskirt of the forest8 7#gh74 ,is she ,madana's ,rati1 ,indra's ,sachi or ,tilottam8 ,or is she ,aila's daughter ,urvashi1 the jem of a woman who came out riving the thighs of ,nryana 7#gi78 ,when converting the mount ,mandra into a churning rod the gods and ,asuras1 unitedly1 churned the ocean of milk for ambrosia the goddess ,sree1 the root of the world1 arose therefrom and adorned the lap of ,nryana4 ,is she the beautiful ,sree 7#hj-ha78 ,who is she1 who1 walking in the midst of that bevy of ladies1 is lighting up the forest with her beauty like into a lightning1 attached to dark clouds1 shining up all the quarters 7#hb74 ,i am beside myself at seeing this highly beautiful damsel of defect-less limbs and moon-like countenance and all my senses have become agitated 7#hc74 ,my mind is highly worked up with lust4 ,the holder of the flowery bow is wounding greatly my body with flowery shafts 7#hd74 ,like a ruthless wight he is cutting my heart and consuming it with five arrows and my lust is increasing like fire sprinkled with clarified butter4 ,what work shall ,i undertake to-day to pacify this fire of lust 7#he78 ,on undertaking what will this beautiful damsel worship me8' ,thinking thus for a long time ,dnava ,drumila could not attain to patience and again said to his charioteer3--',wait here for a moment1 ,o sinless one4 ,i shall myself go and see whose wife she is 7#hf-hg74 ,therefore wait here till my return4' ,hearing his words the charioteer said ',so be it 7#hh74' ,saying this to his charioteer and rinsing his mouth that powerful king of ,dnavas1 bent on going there1 engaged in meditation and thought 7#hi74 ,meditating for a moment he1 by this knowledge1 came to know that she was ,ugrasena's wife and was highly pleased 7#ij74 ,changing his form and assuming that of ,ugrasena that large-armed king of ,dnavas proceeded smilingly 7#ia74 ,o ,kansa1 thus proceeding gradually with smiles in his ,ugrasena form that powerful 7,dnava7 caught hold of your mother and ravished her 7#ib71 ,on account of her exuberance of feelings that lady1 devoted heart and soul to her husband1 was united with her4 ,then perceiving the heaviness of his touch1 she was filled with fear 7#ic74 ,then rising up and terrified she said to him3--',forsooth thou art not my husband4 ,who art thou that hast polluted me with thy impure conduct 7#id74 ,by thee of mean habits1 assuming the form of my husband1 my vow1 of devotion to one husband1 has been spoliated 7#ie74 ,alas1 being enraged with me what will my kinsmen say to me who have brought disgrace on my family4 ,and forsaken and censured by my husband's relatives where shall ,i live 7#if78 ,o thou born in a degraded race1 thou art passionate and shorn of patience4 ,fie on thee6 ,while thou hast begun to ravish other's wives1 thou art not worthy of confidence and your lease of life has run out 7#ig74' ,while the lady thus remonstrated with him that ,dnava1 filled with anger1 said3--',i am ,drumila1 the king ,soubha 7#ih74 ,o stupid woman vaunting of learning1 being under the protection of a human husband subject to mean death1 why art thou censuring me 7#ii74 ,o thou proud of thy womanly honour1 eternal is not the understanding of a woman and therefore they are not 7by coming in contact with a person like myself7 visited by the sin of incontinence 7#ajj74 ,i have heard that by going astray many women have given birth to sons of unlimited prowess like unto the gods 7#aja74 ,thou art a most chaste and devoted wife amongst women1 and therefore art remonstrating with me1 although ,i am sinless1 and saying whatever thou dost like 7#ajb74 ,o excellent woman1 because thou hast addressed me as ,kastham 7who art thou7 therefore thou shalt give birth to a son by name ,kansa the destroyer of his enemies 7#ajc74' ,hearing these words the queen was filled with anger and speaking ill of his boon she again1 with a heart aching1 said to that impudent ,dnava 7#ajd74 ',fie on thy conduct1 ,o highly wicked one4 ,thou art speaking against all women4 ,but there are many amongst them who are chaste and many who are unchaste 7#aje74 ,o wretch of thy race1 by ,arundhati and other chaste ladies1 of whom we hear1 all these creatures and worlds are being upheld 7#ajf74 ,i do not like the son that thou1 hast given me--the destroyer of my vow4 ,hear what ,i say about it 7#ajg74 ,o vile creature1 the eternal ,purusha1 who will be born in the family of my husband1 will be the destroyer of thyself and of the son given by thee 7#ajh74' ,thus addressed and ascending the most excellent car of unobstructed course ,drumila went away by the etherial way 7#aji74 ,and on that very day your mother too went to her city with a poor heart4 ,having said this to me the divine ,nrada1 the foremost of sages burning in his ascetic energy like the very fire1 playing on his flute of seven notes and singing1 set out for the ,brahma region to meet the ,grand-,father4 ,o ,mahmtra1 you have listened to the words given vent to by me 7#aaj-aab71 ,truth has been spoken out by the intelligent ,nrada conversant with the knowledge of present1 past and future4 ,in strength1 energy1 humility1 stature1 heroism1 manliness1 truth1 and liberality no man is like me 7#aac-aad74 ,seeing all these 7accomplishments7 in me ,i placed confidence in his words4 ,o elephant-trainer1 ,i am a ,kshetraja son of ,ugrasena 7#aae74 ,if both my parents forsake1 ,i shall be on the royal throne by my own power4 ,i have been hated by them both and especially by my kinsmen 7#aaf74 ,having slain1 through the elephant1 first these two sinful cowherd boys ,i shall afterwards kill all the ,ydavas belonging to ,krishua's party 7#aag74 ,riding your elephant with goads1 swords and ,tomaras1 do you wait1 ,o ,mahmtra1 at the gate of the arena4 ,do not tarry 7#aah74 ,the city of ,harishchandra suspended in mid-air4 ,this refers to ,madana 7,cupid74 ,he is represented to carry a flowery bow and flowery shafts4 ,the purport is that women are mortal and so by living with immortals on immoral terms they commit no sin as they do when they mix with men4 ,lit3 produced in a field1 born of the wife4 ,a son1 the offspring of the wife by a kinsman or person duly appointed to procreate issue to the husband4 ,this is one of the twelve kinds of issue acknowledged by the old ,hindu ,law4 ,,chapter ,,lxxxiv4 ,a ,,description ,,of ,,the ,,arena4 ,vaishampayana said3--,upon the following day the ampitheatre was filled by the citizens anxious to behold the great game 7#a74 ,the place of assembly was supported by octagonal painted pillars1 fitted up with terraces1 doors and bolts1 with windows circular or crescent2 shaped and accomodated with seats with cushions2 and it shone like the ocean whilst large clouds hang upon it1 with spacious substantial pavillions fitted up for the sight of the combat2 open to the front but screened with beautiful and fine curtains1 crowned with festoons of flowers and glistening with radiance1 like autumnal clouds4 ,the pavillions of the different companies and corporations1 vast as mountains1 were decorated with banners1 bearing upon them the implements and emblems of the several crafts4 ,the chambers of the inhabitants of the inner apartments shone near at hand1 bright with gold and painting and net-work of gems3 they were richly decorated with precious stones1 were enclosed below with costly hangings and ornamented above with spires and banners and looked like mountains spreading their rays in the sky2 while the rays of light reflected from the valuable jewels were blended with the waving of white chowries and the musical tinkling of female ornaments4 ,the separate pavilions of the courtesans were graced by lovely women attired in the most splendid dresses and emulated the radiance of the cars of the gods4 ,in the place of assembly there were excellent seats1 couches made of gold and hangings of various colours1 intermixed with bunches of flowers2 and there were golden vases of water and handsome places for refreshment1 filled with fruits of various kinds and cooling juices1 sherbets fit for drinking4 ,and there were many other stages and platforms constructed of strong timber2 and hangings by hundreds and thousands were displayed2 and upon the tops of the houses1 chambers1 fitted up with delicate jealousies through which the women might behold the sports1 appeared like swans flying through the air4 ,in front stood the pavilion of ,kansha surpassing all the rest in splendour looking like mount ,meru in radiance2 its sides1 its columns being covered with furnished gold2 fastened with coloured cords and every way worthy the presence of a king 7#b-ae74 ,having ordered ',let the elephant ,kuvalyapida wait at the gate' the king ,kansa entered the arena abounding in men hailing from various countries1 echoing with their noise1 shaking and radiant like a huge ocean 7#af-ag74 ,with two white chowries on his two sides1 with two pieces of white raiment on his body and a white turban on his head he shone like the moon of white rays on the white summit of the white mountain 7#ah74 ,when that intelligent king was seated at ease on his throne1 the citizens1 beholding his matchless beauty1 exclaimed shouts of victory 7#ai74 ,thereupon entering the arena1 the powerful wrestlers1 with loose garments1 took ground on three sides 7#bj74 ,afterwards accompanied by the sound of trumpets and the slapping of the arms the two sons of ,vasudeva1 with delighted minds1 arrived at the gate of the arena 7#ba74 ,as soon as they entered there quickly those two sons of ,vasudeva1 of beautiful faces1 were obstructed by that mad elephant moving hither and thither 7#bb74 ,driven again and again that wicked elephant1 folding up its trunk1 attempted to destroy ,rama and ,krishna 7#bc74 ,thereupon terrorized by the elephant1 ,krishna1 smiling and speaking ill of the intention of the wicked-minded ,kansa1 said3--,while ,kansa is desirous of killing me through this elephant forsooth he is eager to repair to the abode of ,yama 7#bd-be74 ,thereupon when that elephant1 roaring like a cloud1 neared him1 the powerful ,govinda1 leaping up1 slapped his arms 7#bf74 ,roaring like a lion and slapping his arms1 he1 stationed before the elephant1 took its trunk covered with water1 on his breast 7#bg74 ,sometimes he went between his two tusks and again between his two legs and thus agitated him as does wind the ocean 7#bh74 ,then coming out of the top of his trunk and tusks and of his legs ,vasudeva drew his tail and put it into the ground 7#bi74 ,thereat that huge-bodied best of elephants became bewildered and could not slay ,krishna4 ,and with his body1 as if grinded1 he began to roar there 7#cj74 ,then touching the earth with his two knees and assailing the surface the earth with his tusks he began to discharge must in anger like a cloud in the rains 7#ca74 ,thus sporting with that elephant under the pretext of a childish freak ,krishna1 in order to kill ,kansa1 desired to destroy him soon 7#cb74 ,thereupon placing his foot on his lower lip he1 with his two hands1 uprooted his tusks and struck him therewith 7#cc74 ,assailed with the strokes of his own thunder-like tusks the elephant passed urine and excreta with a great sound 7#cd74 ,profuse blood came out of the temples of that elephant whose limbs were mutilated by ,krishna and whose mind was stricken with sorrow 7#ce74 ,as ,vinat's son 7,garuda7 draws a serpent lying with its half on the face of a mountain so the holder of plough-share 7,baladeva7 began to drag him with force by the tail 7#cf74 ,thus striking the elephant with the tusks1 ,krishna1 with one stroke1 hurt the elephant-driver by name ,ulvana 7#cg74 ,then setting up a terribly plaintive roar1 that huge elephant1 with his tusks broken1 fell down along with ,mahmtra like fire thrown down by thunder bolt 7#ch74 ,thereupon taking up a ,torana and other weapons those two foremost of men1 ,rma and ,krishna1 dreadful in battle1 destroyed the guards protecting the rear of the elephant 7#ci74 ,having slain them when those two ,mdhavas1 adorned with wild garlands1 entered the arena all the ,vrishnis1 ,andhakas and ,bhojas took them for two ,ashinis coming down1 of their own accord1 from the celestial region4 ,with their leonine roars1 shouts of joy1 slapping of arms and striking of palms they pleased all the people there 7#dj-da74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 beholding them and the attachment and joy of the citizens the vain ,kansa was filled with sorrow 7#db74 ,having thus slain the roaring elephant the lotus-eyed ,krishna1 along with his elder brother1 arrived at the ocean-like arena 7#dc74 ,it is a ,persian word for ,mada which means a juice that exudes from the temples of a rutting elephant4 ,,chapter ,,lxxxv4 ,,trial ,,of ,,arms4 ,vaishampayana said3--,shaking the earth with the sound of the slapping of his arms ,krishna1 the lotus-eyed son of ,devaki1 entered the arena1 with his elder brother before him4 ,his raiment was being shaken by the wind1 his body was wounded with the tusks of the elephant and his limbs were covered with must and blood2 he was bounding like a lion and entered there quickly like a cloud for bringing about the destruction of ,kansa4 ,he was very careful to find out the defects and his beautiful arms were adorned with the tusks of the elephant4 ,beholding him thus enter with great force the face of ,ugrasena's son grew pale and he began to eye them in anger 7#a-d74 ,with the tusks in his hand ,keshava shone there like a mountain of one summit stricken with the image of the half-moon 7#e74 ,while he ranged by leaps and bounds1 that ocean-like arena shone there filled with the echoes of the crowd 7#f74 ,thereupon with his eyes reddened in anger the highly wrathful ,kansa ordered the greatly powerful ,chnura to fight with ,krishna 7#g74 ,he ordered the powerful wrestlers ,andhra1 ,nikriti and ,mushthika1 resembling so many mountains1 to engage with ,balarma 7#h74 ,chnura had already been ordered by ,kansa to fight with ,krishna carefully4 ,and again commanded thus1 he1 with his eyes reddened with ire1 went forward to fight like a cloud surcharged with water 7#i-aj74 ,afterwards when the royal mandate ,be all silent was announced on all sides and the entire crowd was hushed into silence the ,ydavas1 assembled together1 said 7#aa73 ,this trial at arms was first introduced by the ,creator as one in which no weapons should be used1 in which skill and strength are necessary1 in which there should be judges and no cowards should take part 7#ab74 ,in it 7the parties7 should await the appointed hour and remove their toil with water4 ,it is also laid down that wrestlers should besmear their body with cow-dung 7#ac74 ,in it one standing should fight with another such1 one lying on the ground should engage with another such2 in whatever condition one may be one should fight with him in that order2 such the judges say 7#ad74 ,a boy1 a youth1 an old man1 a strong man or a weak man1 whoever he may be1 they should be informed of the particulars of the trial waiting in their respective quarters 7#ae74 ,persons1 conversant with the modes of wrestling1 say that one1 conversant with this mode1 should not display his strength or skill while his antagonist is defeated 7#af74 ,now ,krishna and the wrestler ,andhra will fight with each other in the arena4 ,krishna is a mere boy and ,andhra is an elderly person4 ,we should exercise our judgment in this matter 7#ag74 ,thereupon a great tumult arose in the midst of that assembly and ,govinda1 leaping up1 said ,i am a boy and though ,andhra is of a huge body like a mountain ,i wish to fight with this wrestler of strong arms 7#ah-ai74 ,though ,i am a boy ,i will commit no transgression of the rules of fight and will not at a stain on the opinions of the wrestlers 7#bj74 ,let all the rules1 laid down by the cult of wrestlers regarding the use of cow-dung1 water and other things for besmearing the body1 be followed 7#ba74 ,one attains to success in the arena by self-control1 fortitude1 manliness1 exercise1 good conduct and strength2 such is the opinion of exerts 7#bb74 ,although ,i cherish no enmity this man is about to create this feeling in me4 ,vanquishing him ,i shall therefore please the world 7#bc74 ,this wrestler ,chnura of huge proportion is born in the province of ,karusha4 ,although he is a wrestler his deeds ought to be considered 7#bd74 ,this one1 desirous of acquiring influence in the arena1 has put a stigma on the ways of wrestlers by destroying many of them after their discomfiture 7#be74 ,success1 of those fighting with weapons in a battle1 consists in cutting off those 7of this antagonist74 ,so the success of a wrestler lies in throwing down his antagonist 7#bf74 ,by acquiring victory in battle one attains to eternal glory2 and the slain depart to the land of the celestials 7#bg74 ,the slayer and the slain1 both of them1 achieve the same end in a battle2 so it is called a life-terminating match and is spoken highly of by the pious 7#bh74 ,besides this way of the wrestlers is beyond both strength and deed4 ,where is heaven for the dead and glory for the victorious 7#bi78 ,by his folly a king1 who is proud of his learning1 for a display of his power1 brings about the death of some wrestlers through his own men4 7,herein both the agent and the engager7 are visited by the sin of destruction 7#cj74 ,no sooner had he said this than a highly terrible fight took place between them both like that of two elephants in the forest 7#ca74 ,they wrestled with each other in various ways1 by mutually entwining1 laying hold of1 letting go the adversary1 throwing on earth and taking up in the air 7#cb74 ,by mutually pulling to and casting back1 stricking with fists1 elbow1 fore-arm and knees1 interlacing the arms1 kicking and striking blows as hard as stones and shaking their heads awry those two heroes1 as if made of the essence of rocks1 fought that dreadful contest without weapons 7#cc74 ,thereupon at witnessing that strength of arms of the heroes a rejoicing arose in that assembly4 ,the mind of the people was drawn by that acclamation 7#cf74 ,the other people from the pavillions spoke highly 7of this feat74 ,casting his looks at ,krishna and with his face soaked with perspiration ,kansa1 with his right hand1 prevented the blowing of the bugle 7#cg74 ,although his trumpets and bugles were not sounded the celestials in the sky began to blow their own4 ,when the lotus-eyed ,hrishikesha engaged in fight the sound of bugles arose of itself on all sides 7#ci74 ,along with the ,vidyadharas1 the ,devas1 capable of assuming form at will1 disappeared from view and began to pray for ,krishna's victory 7#dj74 ,stationed in the sky the seven ,rishis exclaimed ,o ,krishna1 vanquish the ,dnava in the form of the wrestler ,chnura 7#da74 ,wrestling with ,chnura for a long time1 ,devaki's son1 who foresaw ,kansa's death1 stole away his strength 7#db74 ,thereat the earth trembled1 the pavillions rolled and the most excellent jewel slipped off from ,kansa's crown 7#de74 ,thereupon again throwing down the reviving ,chnura by his arms ,krishna pressed his breast with his knees and struck him on the head with his fist 7#dd74 ,thereat his eyes1 covered with tears and blood1 were driven out of their sockets4 ,and hanging on his side they appeared like golden bells 7#de74 ,thus with his eyes drawn out ,chnura1 shorn of his strength and life1 lay in the arena 7#df74 ,with the body of the wrestler ,chnura1 deprived of his life1 that big arena appeared is if to have been obstructed by a mountain 7#dg74 ,after ,chnura1 proud of his strength1 had been slain ,rohini's son engaged with ,mushthika and ,krishna with ,toshala again 7#dh74 ,in the first challenge1 those two wrestlers1 beside themselves with anger1 as if urged on by ,destiny met ,rma and ,krishna 7#di74 ,thrown down by a gust of wind they began to leap and bound in the arena4 ,taking up ,toshala1 huge as a mountain summit and whirling him for a hundred times the powerful ,krishna grinded him on the earth 7#ej74 ,then profuse blood gushed out of the mouth of that powerful wrestler attacked and assailed by ,krishna4 ,and he was on the point of death 7#ea74 ,displaying various circular feats and fighting for a long time with ,mushthika1 and the wrestler ,andhra the energetic and powerful athlete ,baladeva struck his head with his fist resembling a cloud accompanied by a thunderbolt 7#eb-ec74 ,thereat his brain came out and his eyes were displaced4 ,when he fell down slain on earth the multitude sent up a great shout 7#ed74 ,having thus slain ,toshala and ,andhra1 ,krishna and ,sangkarshana1 with eyes reddened in anger1 began to move about with leaps and bounds in the arena 7#ee74 ,at that time the great wrestlers ,andhra and ,chnura being slain that grim looking arena grew void of wrestlers 7#ef74 ,with all their limbs trembling waited there the ,gopa spectators headed by ,nanda 7#eg74 ,with her limbs trembling1 her breast pained with the discharge of milk and eyes bathed in tears of joy ,devaki began to see ,krishna 7#eh74 ,vasudeva1 who had his eyes agitated by tears on seeing ,krisana1 became youthful as if casting off his decrepitude 7#ei74 ,as if through the black-bees of their respective glances1 the courtesans drank the lotus countenance of ,krishna 7#fj74 ,there were seen drops of perspiration on ,kansa's face for seeing ,krishna and of anger between his eye-brows 7#fa74 ,his heart was fanned by the breaths of anger accompanied by smoke-like thoughts of ,keshava's destruction and was consumed by the fire of mental anxiety 7#fb74 ,his lips trembling in anger and the painted lines on his forehead being washed off by perspiration his body appeared like the crimson-coloured sun 7#fc74 ,as dew-drops1 falling from a tree1 appear when smitten by the rays of the sun so appeared the drops of perspiration falling from his face reddened with anger 7#fd74 ,thereupon greatly worked up with anger ,kansa issued a mandate to dreadful persons1 saying3--,turn out of the arena these two sinful1 grim-visaged and forest-ranging young cow-herds4 ,i do not wish to see them4 ,amongst the ,gopas none deserves residence in my territory 7#fe-ff74 ,this ,nanda ,gopa is wicked and is bent upon committing injury to me4 ,therefore assail him with iron chains and spikes 7#fg74 ,although ,vasudeva is my kinsman he is highly wicked4 ,therefore punish him even today in such a way which persons not1 aged1 deserve 7#fh74 ,the other inferior ,gopas1 whom you see1 are all devoted to ,krishna4 ,therefore take away from them their kine and other riches 7#fi74 ,whilst the harsh-speeched ,kansa thus issued the mandate1 ,vsudeva1 having truth for his prowess1 eyed him with eyes expanded in anger 7#gj74 ,beholding his father ,vasudeva and ,nanda insulted1 his kinsmen distressed and ,devaki unconscious he was greatly worked up with anger 7#ga74 ,desirous of ascending ,kansa's pavillion in order to kill him1 the powerful1 large-armed and eternal ,krishna1 with the velocity of a lion1 began to leap in the arena before him like a cloud driven by the wind 7#gb-gc74 ,only the citizens1 seated on the side of ,kansa1 saw him when he leaped in the arena 7#gd74 ,kansa was completely possessed by ,destiny and so he considered ,govinda coming down from the sky 7#ge74 ,there upon stretching his own ,parigha-like arms ,krishna drew ,kansa by the hair in the arena 7#gf74 ,assailed by ,krishna's hands his golden crown1 set with diamonds1 fell down on earth from his head 7#gg74 ,when ,vsudeva held ,kansa by the hair he became motionless1 overwhelmed and agitated and began to breath like one lifeless4 ,he was not capable of seeing even ,krishna's face 7#gh74 ,his ears were divested of ,kundalas1 his necklace was torn off1 his arms grew lengthened and his body was shorn of ornaments and body-cloth 7#hj74 ,thus possessed by divine effulgence ,kansa's face grew bewildered and he set forth many an exertion 7#ha74 ,coming down from the pavillion and holding ,kansa1 deserving of pain1 by the hair with force ,keshava began to drag him in the arena 7#hb74 ,the highly effulgent king of ,bhoja being thus dragged by ,krishna1 a ditch was made by his body in the arena 7#hc74 ,thus sporting in the arena when ,kansa breathed his last ,krishna threw away his body at no distance 7#hd74 ,thus struck ,kansa's body1 used to luxuries1 was grinded on the ground and covered with dust 7#he74 ,his closed eyes and dark face1 without the crown1 were shorn of beauty like a lotus without leaves 7#hf74 ,slain not in a battle and his body not wounded with shafts and killed by being dragged by the hair ,kansa was driven away from the path of heroes 7#hg74 ,but on his body were all on a sudden seen marks of nails set by ,keshava1 which mutilated his flesh and destroyed his life 7#hh74 ,having thus slain ,kansa and removed his thorns and being endued with twofold effulgence in delight the lotus-eyed ,krishna first touched ,vasudeva's feet4 ,and afterwards the descendant of ,yadu bowed at the feet of his mother4 ,she too sprinkled him with torrents of tear begotten by joy 7#hi-ij74 ,thereupon shining in his own effulgence ,mdhava1 according to rank and age1 enquired after the well-being of all other ,yadavas 7#ia74 ,holding powerfully by his hands the proud brother of ,kansa1 by name ,urgita1 the virtuous-souled ,baladeva killed him 7#ib74 ,thus having conquered their enemies and subdued their anger1 those two heroes1 brought up in ,vraja1 went delightedly to their father's house 7#ic74 ,the meaning is3--,in a wrestling match one gives no proof of his power and performs no good deed because it is mere an idle amusement4 ,and so the one slain does not go to heaven and the one successful secures no glory4 ,,chapter ,,lxxxvi4 ,,lamentations ,,of ,,kansa',s ,,wives4 ,vaishampayana said3--,beholding their husband slain and fallen ,kansa's wives encircled him like planets of decreasing lustre 7#a74 ,beholding their lion-like royal husband slain and lying down on earth his wives began to bewail 7#b74 ,o thou of large arms1 a hero1 ever observant of heroic vows like thyself1 being slain1 we all1 being the wives of a hero1 have become friendless and all our hopes have been frustrated 7#c74 ,o foremost of kings1 seeing this thy ordained death we are plaintively bewailing along with our relatives 7#d74 ,o highly powerful lord1 thyself being dead and cast off by thee we have our roots cut off 7#e74 ,alas6 ,when stricken with sexual desire we will tremble in anger like creepers4 ,who will take us to the bed-room 7#f78 ,o gentle one1 is it meet that the sun should scorch thy charming face full of breaths like a lotus without water 7#g78 ,o thou who wert ever fond of ,kundalas6 ,divested of ,kundalas1 thy ears1 attached to thy neck1 are not shining well 7#h74 ,o hero1 where is that crown crested with jewels and effulgent like the sun that used to increase greatly the beauty of thy head 7#i78 ,thyself repairing to the other world1 how will these thy thousand wives1 ever gracing thy inner apartment1 pass their days poorly 7#aj78 ,chaste wives are never disappointed from their enjoying in the company of their husband nor are they forsaken by him2 why dost thou then leave us behind 7#aa78 ,alas6 ,time is highly powerful2 for although a death to thy enemies thou art being speedily taken away by ,time who carries on his work in order 7#ab74 ,o lord1 we are unworthy of sorrow and have been brought up by thee in happiness4 ,being deprived of our lord and miserly how shall we spend our days 7#ac74 ,a husband is the only refuge unto those women who care for their character4 ,but the powerful ,death has killed such a husband of ours 7#ad74 ,possessed by widowhood in thy absence and sunk in the deep ocean of lamentations1 where shall we repair1 with hearts stricken with sorrow 7#ae78 ,alas6 fickle is the movement of men4 ,sporting on thy lap we were spending our days with thee4 ,now in a moment we have been separated from thee 7#af74 ,o thou the conferrer of honors1 thyself meeting with this calamity1 we have been visited by disasters4 ,it seems1 we all perpetrated a similar iniquity for we have all in the like manner1 met with widowhood 7#ag74 ,alas6 ,we were all fond of thee and thou didst take care of us with heavenly enjoyments4 ,casting us off where dost thou go now 7#ah78 ,o lord of the world1 ,o giver of honors1 ,o thou resembling a celestial1 thou art our master who have been separated from their lord4 ,o lord1 we are bewailing like hind2 it behoves thee to give us a reply 7#ai74 ,o lord sovereign1 thy departure1 making thy kinsmen sorrowful and thy wives bewail1 appears 7to us7 as terribly hard 7#bj74 ,forsooth it appears ,o lord1 that the damsels of the other world are more beautiful1 because1 ,o hero1 thou hast departed leaving behind thy own people 7#ba74 ,what is the reason ,o hero1 that thou dost pay no heed to the lamentations of thy wives 7#bb74 ,alas1 the march of men to the other world is ruthless1 because without caring for them they even forsake their own wives 7#bc74 ,it is better for women not to have husbands than beloved1 heroic husbands1 because they love the women of the celestial region and they too are fond of heroes 7#bd74 ,alas6 carrying away imperceptibly such a heroic husband ,death has pierced our very vitals 7#be74 ,o lord of the world1 having slain the army of ,jarsandha and vanquished the other enemies in battle why hast thou met with death at the hands of an ordinary man 7#bf78 ,alas6 ,fighting with ,indra in a combat of arrows thou wert not defeated by the immortals4 ,how hast thou been then slain by a mortal 7#bg78 ,having agitated1 with a shower of arrows1 the ocean that is incapable of being moved thou didst conquer ,varuna the holder of the noose1 and take away all his riches 7#bh74 ,when ,vsava did not pour profuse showers1 thou didst1 for the citizens1 bore through the clouds with thy arrows and bring down rain by force 7#bi74 ,by thy prowess all kings were humiliated and used to send thee the precious jewels and clothes 7#cj74 ,alas1 thy manliness was manifest unto thy enemies and thou wert like a god4 ,how has then such a life-ending calamity befallen thee 7#ca78 ,thyself being slain ,o lord1 we are passing by the name of widows4 ,although not mad we have become so and have been assailed by death 7#cb74 ,o lord1 if thou wert determined upon departing why hast thou then forgotten us8 ,would it have tired thee if thou hadst say it in mere words 7#cc78 ,o lord1 ,o king of ,mathur1 we bow unto thy feet in fear4 ,be thou propitiated and return from the distant land 7#cd74 ,o hero1 how dost thou lie down on grass and dust8 ,prostrating thyself on earth does not thy body feel any inconvenience 7#ce78 ,alas1 who has inflicted on us this stroke of sleep8 ,who has ruthlessly struck the body of these women 7#cf78 ,the woman1 who has to survive1 should weep and repent4 ,why should we weep when we are to follow our husband 7#cg78 ,in the meantime trembling poorly and crying aloud ,where is my son8 ,where is my child8 ,kansa's mother arrived there 7#ch74 ,beholding her son like unto the moon shorn of its lustre her heart as if broke assunder and she repeatedly lost her consciousness 7#ci74 ,beholding her son and exclaiming ,alas6 ,i am undone6 she began to bewail along with her daughters-in-law 7#dj74 ,placing on her lap the head of her son1 that one1 fond of sons1 began to bewail plaintively saying ,o my son1 ,o thou the enhancer of the delight of thy kinsmen1 ,o thou ever devoted to the vow of a hero1 why hast thou departed so soon8 ,o my son observant of vows1 why art thou asleep before all men8 ,the kings should never lie down on earth in this way 7#da-dc74 ,when in the days of yore all the ,rkshasas assembled ,rvana1 the foremost of the strong in all the worlds1 uttered the following verse1 spoken well of by the sages 7#dd74 ',although ,i am of great strength and a destroyer of the immortals1 a terrible and irresistable calamity will proceed to me from my kinsmen 7#de74 ,and such a life-destroying great calamity will also proceed to my intelligent son from my relatives 7#df7'4 ,thereupon weeping like unto a cow1 separated from her calf1 she said to her husband the old king ,ugrasena 7#dg74 ,come and see1 ,o pious king1 this thy royal son is lying on the bed of a hero like a mountain clapped by a thunderbolt 7#dh74 ,o king1 you are to perform the obsequial rites of this thy son who has repaired to the abode of ,death and attained to the state of a ghost 7#di74 ,kingdoms are worthy of being enjoyed by heroes and we have been defeated4 ,go and ask ,krishna about ,kansha's funeral rites 7#ej74 ,enmity terminates with death--it ceases with the death of the enemy4 ,his obsequial rites should therefore be performed4 ,what offence has the dead body committed 7#ea78 ,having said this to the ,bhoja king with a heart laden with sorrow and casting her looks again on the face of her son ,kansa's mother began to bewail anew1 saying 7#eb73 ,o king1 what will thy wives do hereafter1 who1 even having obtained a husband like thee1 have their desires frustrated8 7#ec7 ,how shall ,i now see thy aged father dried up under the subjection of ,krishna like water in the pool 7#ed78 ,o my son1 ,i am thy mother1 why dost thou not speak to me8 ,leaving behind thy beloved people thou hast departed to a distant land 7#ee74 ,o hero1 the inevitable ,death has1 against the knowledge of this unfortunate woman1 taken away a son like thee well-read in moral laws 7#ef74 ,o the master of thy clan1 thy servants1 who were pleased with thy qualities on receiving honors and various presents from thee1 are now weeping 7#eg74 ,o foremost of kings1 ,o thou of large arms and great strength1 rise up and save the people of thy house and other poor men 7#eh74 ,while the wives of ,kansa1 stricken with great misery1 were thus bewailing the sun1 smitten with evening rays1 set in 7#ei74 ,,chapter ,,lxxxvii4 ,,krishna',s ,,reply ,,to ,,ugrasena4 ,vaishampayana said3--,breathing like a person who has drunk poison1 ,ugrasena1 burning with grief for his son1 approached ,krishna 7#a74 ,he saw him there encircled by ,yadavas repenting for his sinful destruction of ,kansa 7#b74 ,hearing the heart-rending lamentations of ,kansa's wives he1 censuring his own self in that assembly of the ,ydavas1 7said7 7#c73--;,alas1 out of my childish freak and under the influence of anger1 ,i have1 by the destruction of ,kansa1 made widows of these thousand women 7#d74 ,on the death of their husband these women are bewailing so very plaintively that even an ordinary man's heart1 on hearing it1 feels compassion 7#e74 ,hearing the lamentations of these guileless women1 even ,kritnta's 7,regent of the dead7 heart is filled with pity 7#f74 ,i had determined before that ,kansa1 the oppresser of the pious1 and always given to vice1 should be slain 7#g74 ,death is preferable to life unto him who1 in this world1 is of a degraded conduct1 ruthless temper1 feeble understanding and whom the people hate 7#h74 ,kansa was highly sinful1 never liked by the pious and him every one used to hate4 ,what pity should then be felt for him 7#i78 ,the ascetics1 as a fruit of their virtuous deeds1 live in the celestial region4 ,he1 who attains to glory in this world1 is also like a dweller in heaven 7to74 ,if the subjects are self-controlled1 observant of their own duties and perform pious deeds1 unrighteousness can never touch the king 7#aa74 ,those1 who are wicked1 are constrained by ,death to reap the proper fruits4 ,the pious attain to auspicious fruits in the next world 7#ab74 ,many are the agents of impious deeds in these worlds and therefore the gods perfectly protect the pious 7#ac74 ,that ,kansa has been slain by me should be considered by you as righteous for ,i have eradicated 7thereby7 his mis-deeds 7#ad74 ,do you now console the sorrowful women1 the citizens and the merchants 7#ae74 ,when ,krishna said this1 ,ugrasena1 out of fear for his son's misdeeds1 entered lowering his head along with other ,yadavas 7#af74 ,in that assembly of the ,yadus he addressed to the lotus-eyed ,krishna the following poor words1 sullied by the vapour of grief and becoming the occasion 7#ag73--,o my son1 your anger has been pacified1 your enemy has been led to the abode of ,yama1 your glory has followed your own duties and your name has become celebrated in this world 7#ah74 ,by this action you have established your glory amongst the pious1 terrified your enemies1 made strong the position of the ,ydavas and rendered your friends proud 7#ai74 ,your glory has spread itself amongst the neighbouring chiefs and now they will all seek alliance with you and your friendship 7#bj74 ,o hero1 your subjects will be devoted to you1 the ,brhmanas will sing your glories and the ministers1 well read in peace and dissension making1 will bow unto you 7#ba74 ,o ,krishna1 accept this immortal army of ,kansa abounding in elephants1 horses1 chariots and infantry 7#bb74 ,o ,mdhava1 let your men take ,kansa's wealth1 corn1 jewels1 covers1 gold1 clothes1 women and all that he possessed 7#bc74 ,o ,krishna1 the slayer of your enemies1 by the ,yoga1 to which you have resorted on behalf of the ,ydavas1 all dissensions have been put a stop to and the earth has been established4 ,o descendant of ,yadu1 from you now will proceed the happiness or misery of the ,yadavas 7#bd74 ,hear1 what they are saying with a depressed heart4 ,if you please1 ,o ,govinda1 they may perform the obsequial rites of ,kansa1 of sinful deeds1 who has been consumed by the fire of your anger4 ,having performed the after-death ceremonies of that king who has met with this calamity1 ,i shall1 along with my wife and daughters-in-law1 range in the forest with the animals4 ,to perform the obsequial rites of the dead is the duty of men 7#bf-bh74 ,by performing this1 ,krishna1 people are freed from their social obligations4 ,therefore having made his funeral pyre1 putting fire to it and offering oblation of water ,i shall have discharged debt to ,kansa 7#bi74 ,this is my only prayer1 ,o ,krishna4 ,show me kindness in this matter4 ,with the performance of his after-death rites let sinful ,kansa attain to a blessed state 7#cj74 ,hearing the words of ,ugrasena1 ,krishna was filled with surprise4 ,and consoling him he said 7#ca74 ,o sire1 ,o foremost of kings1 what you have said behoves your age and family and becomes your nature 7#cb74 ,while the inevitable work is over1 why do you say so8 ,although dead1 ,kansa will receive funeral honors befitting a king 7#cc74 ,o sire1 you are born in a great race and know every thing that should be known4 ,why do you not then understand that destiny is inevitable 7#cd78 ,o king1 pristine deeds of all creatures1 mobile and immobile1 attain to fullness in time 7#ee74 ,o foremost of kings1 even the liberal1 beautiful and rich sovereigns1 always kind to the poor1 endued with prowess like that of ,mahendra1 well read in ,srutis1 laws and knowledge of ,brahman1 and like unto the regents of quarters1 are carried away by ,death 7#cf-cg74 ,you know too that many a pious king1 ever intent on protecting their subjects1 devoted to ,kshitriya dutes1 self-controlled and well-read in all1 meet with death in time 7#ch74 ,when the proper time comes men1 by enjoyment or suffering1 can understand whether his actions have been good or bad 7#ci74 ,o king1 even the gods cannot understand the true nature of ,my that exists in the hearts of all4 ,karma is the instrument of people's being stupified thereby 7#dj74 ,urged on by his pristine deeds ,kansa has met with death in time2 ,i am not the cause thereof4 ,karma 7pristine action7 and ,kla 7,time7 are the instruments thereof 7#da74 ,this universe1 consisting of the sun and moon1 mobile and immobile creations1 meets with dissolution in time and springs up into existence again in time 7#db74 ,time subdues and favours all and therefore all the creatures are subject to time 7#dc74 ,o king1 your son has been consumed by his own sin4 ,i am not the instrument thereof but ,time is the cause 7#dd74 ,your son has been slain by his own actions2 ,i am surely the instrument no doubt 7#de74 ,powerful is ,time and it is difficult to know its course4 ,this is known to persons who impartially look into the essence of things 7#df74 ,that is the course of ,time by which everything comes within its ken4 ,let it go1 do what ,i say now 7#dg74 ,i do not care for the kingdom or the royal throne4 ,i did not slay ,kansa for a territory 7#dh74 ,for the behoof of all the worlds and for establishing my glory your son1 the curse of this family1 has been slain by me along with all his attendants 7#di74 ,like unto a bird coursing at will1 ,i shall again delightedly range in the forest in the midst of kine along with the ,gopas 7#ej74 ,o foremost of kings1 ,i swear a hundred times1 that ,i stand in no need of the kingdom4 ,communicate this to all 7#ea7 ,o foremost of kings1 you are the leader and the lord of the ,yadavas and therefore deserve respect from me4 ,therefore place yourself on the throne and acquire victory by becoming the king 7#eb74 ,if you think it proper to do what pleases me1 and if it does not pain you1 do you accept for ever this kingdom abdicated by me 7#ec74 ,vaishampyana said3--,hearing those words of ,krishna in the assembly of ,yadus ,ugrasena bent down his head in bashfulness and could give no reply 7#ed74 ,then ,govinda1 well read in laws1 installed him on the throne4 ,with the crown on his head the beautiful and effulgent king ,ugrasena1 along with ,krishna1 performed the funeral ceremonies of ,kansa 7#ee74 ,as the celestials follow their king 7,indra7 so all the leading ,yadavas1 at the command of ,krishna1 followed ,ugrasena in the high-way of the city 7#ef74 ,thereupon when the night passed away and the sun rose1 the leading ,yadavas began to perform the funeral ceremonies of ,kansa 7#eg74 ,thereupon desirous of performing the obsequial rites of king ,kansa according to the ritualastic laws they placed his body in a palanquin and took it to the northern bank of ,yamun4 ,and in due order they performed his funeral rites by setting fire to the pyre 7#eh-ei74 ,with the consent of ,krishna the ,ydavas also performed the funeral ceremonies of the large-armed brother of ,kansa by name ,sunma 7#fj74 ,then repeatedly exclaiming4 ,may the departed attain to an eternal course the ,vrishnis1 ,andhakas and ,yadavas offered oblations of water in their honor 7#fa74 ,having then offered water to ,kansa and his brother1 all the ,yadavas1 preceded by ,ugrasena1 returned to ,mathura with a sorrowful heart 7#fb74 ,,chapter ,,lxxxviii4 ,,krishna ,,brings ,,back ,,his ,,preceptor',s ,,son ,,from ,,the ,,ocean4 ,vaishampayana said3--,thereupon united with ,rohini's son the heroic and powerful ,krishna began to live in the city of ,mathur filled with ,yadavas 7#a74 ,gradually his body began to shine in royal and youthful grace and he began to range in the city of ,mathur adorned with the ocean-like ,yamun 7#b74 ,after a few days1 with a view to learn ,danurveda 7science of war7 ,rma and ,krishna1 adorned with vedic study and good conduct1 went to this preceptor ,sndipani of the city of ,avanti in the province of ,kashi and communicated to him their family 7#c-d74 ,when they1 shorn of pride began to serve him he recognised ,janrddana and ,rma as his pupils and began to instruct them in that useful science 7#e74 ,the heroic ,rma and ,janrddana could learn anything as soon as they heard it2 and therefore within sixty-four days and nights they studied and mastered all the ,vedas with their various ,angas 7#f74 ,in no time their preceptor taught them ,danurveda1 consisting of four divisions and the mysterious use of various other weapons 7#g74 ,thinking of their superhuman merit he used to consider them as the moon and the sun 7#h74 ,and when he offered adoration to those two high-souled deities in ,parva he used to see ,siva and ,vishnu before him 7#i74 ,thereupon1 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 having finished their education ,baladeva and ,krishna said to their preceptor ,sndipani3--,what fee shall we offer thee for your acting as our preceptor 7#ai78 ,the preceptor knew their power and so with a delighted heart said ,i wish you to return me the son who died in the ocean of salt-water 7#aa74 ,o ,krishna1 ,i had only one son4 ,when ,i had gone out on a pilgrimage to ,pravsa a ,timi fish carried away my son4 ,do you bring me back my that son 7#ab74 ,with ,rma's consent ,krishna said it will be so4 ,and then going to the ocean ,hari entered into its water 7#ac74 ,with folded hands the regent of the ocean came to ,vsudeva1 who said ,where is ,sndipani's son 7#ad78 ,the ocean replied1 ,o ,mdhava1 a huge-bodied demon1 by name ,panchajana1 has devoured that boy1 in the form of a ,timi fish 7#ae74 ,hearing it the eternal ,purusha ,achyuta 7,krishna7 went to ,panchajana and killed him4 ,but he did not get his preceptor's son 7#af74 ,the conch1 which ,janrddana obtained after slaying ,panchajana1 is known amongst gods and men as ,panchajanya 7#ag74 ,thereupon that foremost of ,purushas repaired to the abode of ,vaivaswan 7,yama74 ,then approaching him ,yama saluted ,gaddhara 7#ah74 ,krishna said to him3--,give me my preceptor's son4 ,thereat there took place a terrible encounter between them both 7#ai74 ,thereupon having vanquished the fearful son of ,vivaswan1 the foremost of ,purusha ,achyuta obtained the child son of his preceptor 7#bj74 ,he then brought from ,yama's abode his preceptor's son lost for a long time4 ,by the power of ,krishna of peerless energy ,sndipani's son1 dead long ago1 returned in his bodily form4 ,beholding this highly wonderful feat which cannot be thought of or performed by any all the creatures were filled with surprise4 ,taking his preceptor's son1 ,panchajanya and diverse precious jewels1 ,mdhava1 the ,lord of the universe1 returned 7#ba-bc74 ,having brought all those precious jewels through ,yama's servants the ,rakshasas ,vsava's younger brother 7,krishna7 dedicated them to his preceptor 7#bd74 ,having handed over to their preceptor ,sndipani1 his son1 of the same age and beauty1 as before1 together with all the jewels the highly intelligent ,rma and ,keshava1 the foremost of all the warriors1 in all the worlds1 in the use of clubs1 swords and various other weapons1 were pleased 7#be-bf74 ,being greatly pleased with the reconciliation with his son1 who had been lost for a long time ,kashyas's son ,sndipani honored greatly ,rma and ,keshava 7#bg74 ,having acquired mastery in the use of all weapons and honored their preceptor1 those two vow-observing and heroic sons of ,vasudeva returned to ,mathur 7#bh74 ,hearing of the approach of the two scions of the ,yadu race1 all the ,ydavas1 boys and old men1 headed by ,ugrasena1 delightedly went out of the city to receive them 7#bi74 ,all the subjects1 old and young1 the priests and the ministers stood before the city in rows 7#cj74 ,bugles were sounded1 people began to chant the glories of ,janrddana1 and all the streets were adorned with flags and garlands 7#ca74 ,with ,govinda's return all the houses were filled with joy as on the occasion of an ,indra-,yajna 7#cb74 ,the songsters began to sing1 in high ways1 songs of blessings and eulogy1 highly liked by the ,yadavas 7#cc74 ,they made the announcement1 ,the two brothers1 ,rma and ,govinda1 celebrated all over the world1 have returned to their city4 ,let all fearlessly sport with their friends 7#cd74 ,o king1 when ,govinda arrived at ,mathur1 there was none who was poorly1 sorrowful or insensible 7#ce74 ,the birds began to pour sweet notes1 and the horses1 elephants and cows were all cheerful4 ,and men and women attained to mental felicity 7#cf74 ,delightful winds began to blow and the ten quarters were freed from dust and all the tutelary deities in the temples became delighted 7#cg74 ,what more when ,janrddana arrived at the city all the signs1 that were visible in the golden age1 appeared there 7#ch74 ,thereupon in an auspicious moment ascending a car drawn by horses1 ,janrddana1 the slayer of his enemies1 entered the city of ,mathur 7#ci74 ,as the gods follow ,sakra so all the ,yadavas followed ,upendra when he entered the charming city of ,mathur 7#dj74 ,thereafter as the sun and moon enter into the setting mountain so those two descendants of ,yadu delightedly entered into ,vasudev's house 7#da74 ,keeping all their arms in their own house those high-souled sons of ,vasudeva1 ranging at will along with the ,ydavas1 began to range in woods full of fruits and flowers and in streamlets of clear water near the ,raivata mountain beautified with lotus leaves and ,krandavas4 ,thus ,rma and ,keshava1 of beautiful faces and having one heart enjoyed there a few days under ,ugrasena 7#db-de74 ,a division of ,hindu learning comprehending such science as is considered dependant upon the ,vedas1 hence called ,vedanga2 works on six subjects come under this description1 viz41 pronunciation1 grammar1 prosody1 explanation of obscure terms1 description of religious rites and astronomy4 ,the four division are 7#a7 ,diksha1 initiation1 7#b7 ,sangraha collection1 7#c7 ,sidhi1 proficiency 7#d7 ,prayoga the use4 ,,chapter ,,lxxxix4 ,,jarasandha ,,prepares ,,to ,,attack ,,mathura4 ,vaishampayana said3--,united with ,rohini's son ,krishna spent some days happily in the city of ,mathura filled with ,ydavas 7#a74 ,gradually his person was embellished with the grace of youth and regal prosperity and he began to range all over ,mathur adorned with woods 7#b74 ,after some days had elapsed in this way1 ,jarsandha1 the king of ,rjagriha1 heard of ,kansa's death from his two daughters 7#c74 ,hearing this the powerful ,jarsandha was worked up with anger4 ,and in order to pay his debt to ,kansa and to slay all the ,yadus1 the powerful ,jarsandha1 in no time1 set out with his army consisting of six divisions4 ,o king1 the king of ,magadha had two very beautiful and youthful daughters by name ,asti and ,prpti4 ,the royal son of ,varhadratha conferred them on ,kansa 7#d-f74 ,having chained his father the son of ,ahuka enjoyed in their company4 ,you have heard many a time and oft how1 depending on ,jarsandh's 7help7 and disregarding the ,yadavas the lord of ,surasena became king 7#g74 ,in order to satisfy his duties by his kinsmen and to accomplish their objects ,vasudeva was always carefully engaged in ,ugrasena's well-being4 ,kansa did not spare him even 7#h74 ,when the vicious-souled ,kansa was slain by ,ram and ,krishna1 ,ugrasena1 encircled by ,bhojas1 ,vrishnis and ,andhakas1 became king 7#i74 ,asti and ,prpti1 the wives of a hero1 were the beloved daughters of king ,jarsandha4 ,therefore burning like fire in anger at their instigation and making every possible arrangement the king of ,magadha started for ,mathur4 ,all the highly energetic warrior kings who were defeated and subjugated by ,jarsandha's prowess1 all those who were his friends1 relatives1 kinsmen and allies1 encircled by their own armies1 followed ,jarsandha with a view to please him4 ,dantavakra the king of ,karusha1 the powerful king of ,chedi1 the king of ,kalinga1 the foremost of the powerful1 ,poundra1 ,sngkriti1 the king of ,keshika1 the king ,bhishmaka1 his son ,rukshmi1 the foremost of bowmen who used to challenge ,vsudeva and ,arjuna in a fight1 ,venudri1 ,shrutarv1 ,krtha1 ,angshumn1 the powerful kings of ,anga1 ,vanga1 the kings of ,koshala1 ,kashi and ,dashrna1 the powerful king of ,sumha1 the lord of ,vidha1 the powerful king of ,madra1 the lord of ,trigarta1 the king of ,shlwa endued with prowess1 the highly powerful ,darada1 the energetic ,bhagadatta the lord of ,yavanas1 ,saivya the king of ,shouvira1 ,pndya the foremost of the strong1 ,suvala1 the king of ,gndhra1 ,mahvala1 ,nagnajit1 ,gonarda1 the king of ,kshmir1 the king of ,darada1 the highly powerful ,duryodhana and other sons of ,dhritarshtra--these and other highly powerful kings1 mighty car-warriors1 followed ,jarsandha1 out of jealousy towards ,janrddana4 ,entering the province of ,shurasena1 abounding in barley and fuels1 they all1 placing their respecting detachments before them1 laid siege to ,mathur 7#aj-bb74 ,,chapter ,,xc4 ,,jarasandha',s ,,army4 ,vaishampayana said3--,holding their counsels all the ,ydavas1 headed by ,janrddana1 surveyed the encampment of the kings in the gardens of ,mathur4 ,afterwards with a delighted heart ,krishna said to ,rma3--,forsooth the accomplishment of the object of the gods is near at hand since king ,jarsandha has come near us4 ,the pennons of the cars1 coursing like air1 are being seen 7#a-c74 ,behold1 ,o ,sir1 there shine the umbrellas of kings desirous of victory1 white as the moon 7#d74 ,the rows1 of white umbrellas stationed on the cars of the kings1 are moving towards us like swans ranging in the sky 7#e74 ,however the king ,jarsandha has arrived here in proper time4 ,he is our first guest of battle and is the touch-stone for testing our strength or weakness 7#f74 ,o ,sir1 while the emperor has arrived here1 we must begin with the fight4 ,judge now the strength of the enemy's army 7#g74 ,giving vent to these words without any anxiety1 ,krishna1 desirous of slaying ,jarsandha and fighting with him1 began to survey his army 7#h74 ,having taken a survey of the assembled kings and armies1 the immortal ,krishna1 the foremost of ,yadus conversant with ,mantras began to think within himself 7#i74 ,these are the kings assembled who wend the ways of the mortals and will meet with death on account of their own actions as pointed out by scriptures 7#aj74 ,i consider these leading kings1 on the verge of death1 sprinkled by ,death like unto sacrificial beasts4 ,their bodies are all shining as if they are about to repair to the celestial region 7#ba74 ,assailed by the armies of these sovereigns and exhausted with the weight of their burden ,prithivi 7earth71 covered with powerful kingdoms1 went to ,brahm in the celestial region4 ,in no time the surface of the earth will be shorn of men 7#ab-ac74 ,and kings by hundreds will be killed4 ,vaishampayana said3--,the highly powerful1 effulgent and persevering ,lord ,paramount ,jarsandha came there encircled by fore-fold ocean-like forces consisting of war-chariots containing beautiful seats and drawn by powerful steeds whose course is never obstructed any where1 cloud-like elephants embellished with bells and golden seats1 ridden by car-warriors well-read in the science of war and driven by clever charioteers1 horses1 going in leaps and bounds1 driven by horsemen and resembling clouds and numberless fearful foot-soldiers armed with swords and coats of mail who could bound up in the sky like serpents 7#ad-ai74 ,innumerable kings attentively followed him4 ,all the quarters of the city and her woods1 resounding with the rattle of cars resembling the muttering of clouds1 the tinkling of the ornaments worn by elephants in rut1 the neighings of the horses and the leonine shouts of the infantry1 the ,emperor ,jarsandha1 with his army1 appeared like an ocean4 ,with shouts and slapping of arms1 the armies of these kings1 consisting of proud warriors1 appeared like an army of clouds4 ,that army1 consisting of cars and infuriated elephants1 quick-coursing horses1 and infantry resembling the sky-rangers1 appeared like a collection of clouds descending on the ocean in the rains 7#bj-bd74 ,thereupon all the kings1 headed by ,jarsandha1 with their armies encamped around the city of ,mathur 7#be74 ,the detachments of the army accomodated in the tents shone like the ocean overflowing in the light half of the month 7#bf74 ,after the expiration of the night those kings1 desirous of fighting1 rose up for entering into the city 7#bg74 ,those kings1 assembled on the bank of the ,yamun1 began1 out of curiosity1 to hold proper counsels on the eve of the battle 7#bh74 ,then there was heard a great tumult of the kings resembling that of the heaving deep at the time of the universal dissolution 7#bi74 ,at the command of the king1 elderly guards1 with head-gears on their heads and canes in their hands1 began to move about exclaiming ,ma 7i4e4 ,do not make noise7 7#cj74 ,thereupon that army1 hushed into silence1 shone like an ocean abounding in fishes and huge serpents 7#ca74 ,when informed of the mandate of the king that huge ocean-like army stood motionless and silent like a ,yogin1 the king ,jarsandha1 spoke1 like ,vrihaspati 7#cb74 ',let the armies of the kings united lay siege on all sides to this city 7#cc74 ,let them get ready stony weapons and maces and let all the level grounds be overflowed with water4 ,let them hold up swords and daggers 7#cd74 ,let them assail the city with ,tankas and ,khamitras4 ,and let kings1 expert in the ways of war1 near the city 7#ce74 ,as long as ,i do not kill in the battle1 with sharpened arrows1 the two sons of ,vasudeva ,krishna and ,sangkarshaa1 in the guise of milkmen1 as long as the sky is not covered with ,tankas so long my army should lay seige to the city 7#cf-cg74 ,let all the kings1 obeying my command1 wait at the outskirts of the city and enter as soon as an opportunity presents itself 7#ch74 ,let the ,maira king1 ,kalinga king1 ,chekitan1 the king of ,vlhika1 ,kashmira king ,gonarda1 the king of ,karusha1 ,druma of ,kimpurasha country and the ,danava of hill tracts1 unitedly and speedily protect the western gate of the city 7#ci-dj74 ,let ,venudari of the ,puru race1 ,sonaka the king of ,vidarbha1 ,rukshmi the king of ,bhojas1 the ,malava king1 ,suryaksha1 the highly powerful ,drupada1 the king of ,panchalas1 ,vinda and ,anuvinda of ,avanti1 the powerful ,dantavakra1 ,chhgali1 ,purumitra1 the emperor ,virt1 the king of ,koushmvi1 ,mlava1 ,shatadhanw1 ,viduratha1 ,bhurishrava the king of ,trigartta1 ,vnga and ,panchanada all these illustrious kings and powerful like a thunder-bolt now capable of attacking a fort1 get upon the northern gate and assail the city 7#da-dd74 ,let ,ansumna's son the heroic ,kaitaveya1 ,uluka1 ,ekalavya1 ,vrihatkshatra1 ,kshatrdharm1 ,jayadratha1 ,uttamouj1 ,shalya1 ,kourvas1 ,kekayas1 ,vmadeva the king of ,vidisha1 ,sngkiti and the king of ,seni occupy the eastern gate of the city4 ,let them proceed destroying everything as the wind disperses the clouds 7#de-dg74 ,myself1 ,darava and the powerful king of ,chedi will protect the ,southern gate with our army 7#dh74 ,thus beseiged on all sides by these armies let the city entertain a great fear like that at the fall of a lightning 7#di74 ,let club-holders with clubs1 ,parigha-holders with ,parighas and other soldiers with various other weapons rend the city 7#ej74 ,by you1 ,o kings1 this city1 of up hills and down hills1 should be levelled down to-day 7#ea74' ,having thus arranged his four-fold forces the king ,jarsandha1 along with other kings1 proceeded angrily towards the ,ydavas 7#eb74 ,the clever and well-armed warriors ,dshrhas too confronted them4 ,thus there commenced a terrible fight1 abounding in cars and elephants1 between that overwhelming army of the kings and the limited number of ,ydavas like that between the gods and ,asuras 7#ec74 ,at that time beholding the two sons of ,vasudeva issue out of the city the armies of the kings lost heart and the animals grew terrified and bewildered 7#ed74 ,seated on a car those two descendants of ,yadu1 ,rma and ,krishna1 began to move about in anger like two ,makaras that agitate the ocean 7#ee74 ,thereafter when in perfect sense they began to fight in the battle there arose in them their ancient intelligence regarding the use of weapons 7#ef74 ,and even in that battle-field there fell down from the sky1 strong1 flaming and great weapons 7#eg74 ,in order to feed upon the flesh of the kings1 those huge weapons1 assuming bodily forms1 stricken with thirst 7as if71 adorned with celestial garlands and scents1 burning in their own effulgence and terrifying the sky-rangers1 descended from the welkin4 ,and ,rkshasas1 desirous of eating royal flesh1 followed them 7#eh-ei74 ,when in that great battle came down for those two ,yadavas1 the ploughshare ,samvartaka1 the mace ,sounanda1 ,srnga the foremost of bows1 the club ,koumodaki--these four powerful weapons of ,vishnu1 the beautiful ,rma1 the foremost of ,stwatas1 took up first of all1 with his right hand1 the plough-share1 embellished with celestial garlands1 rising like a flag and proceeding obliquely like a serpent1 and that foremost of maces ,sounanda that creates depression in the enemy 7#fj-fc74 ,the powerful ,krishna took up the celebrated bow ,srnga which is worthy of being seen by all the worlds 7#fd74 ,the other hand of the lotus-eyed ,krishna1 the necessity of whose incarnation was known to the gods1 was adorned with the club by name ,koumodi 7#fe74 ,thus armed the heroic ,rma and ,govinda1 resembling ,vishnu himself1 opposed the enemies in battle 7#ff74 ,displaying their prowess and discomfitting their enemies those two heroic sons of ,vasudeva1 dependant on each other and designated by the appellations of elder and younger brothers1 began to range there like two gods 7#fg-fh74 ,raising up in anger his plough-share resembling the king of serpents1 ranging in the battle-field like the very death of his enemies and drawing in the cars1 elephants and steeds of the ,kshatriya car-warriors ,rma began to appease his anger 7#fi-gj74 ,throwing up these mountain-like elephants with the end of his plough-share and as if churning them with the strokes of his mace he began to move about in that battle-field 7#ga74 ,thus brought on the point of being almost destroyed by ,rma the leading ,kshatriyas returned in fear to ,jarsandha1 who1 observant of the duties of a ,kshatriya1 said thus to them3--,fie on your ,kshatriya conduct1 since you have returned from the battle-field in fear 7#gb-gc74 ,the learned say that those1 who1 deprived of their cars1 fly away from the battle-field1 are visited by an unbearable sin like that of infanticide 7#gd74 ,why do you fly away1 ,o terrified ,kshatryas8 ,fie on your conduct4 ,urged on by my bows do you return soon 7#ge74 ,you need not fight4 ,wait here as spectators4 ,i shall myself despatch these two cow-herds to the abode of ,yama 7#gf74 ,thus urged on by ,jarsandha the ,kshatriyas again rallied round with delighted hearts4 ,and spreading a net-work of arrows they again engaged in fight 7#gg74 ,armed with coats of mail1 ,nishtringshas1 pennons1 swords1 flags1 bows with strings1 quivers and arrows and accompanied by horses embellished with golden chaplets1 cars followed by a rattle like the muttering of clouds and elephants resembling clouds and driven by drivers they again set out for the battle-field 7#gh-gi74 ,with rising umbrellas held over their heads and fanned by beautiful chowries the kings1 stationed on cars1 shone greatly in the battle-field 7#hj74 ,taking up heavy clubs and maces1 some warrior-kings1 foremost of car-warriors1 out of love for war1 entered the battle-field 7#ha74 ,in the meantime1 seated on a most excellent car1 adorned with a pennon carrying the emblem of ,garuda the powerful ,vsudeva1 ever increasing the delight of the celestials1 approached carefully ,jarsandha and pierced him with eight arrows1 his charioteer with five sharpened shafts and his horses with other arrows4 ,beholding ,jarsandha in this perilous plight the mighty car-warriors ,chitrasena and the ,commander-in ,chief ,kaishika both cut ,krishna with arrows4 ,and ,kaishika pierced ,baladeva with three arrows 7#hb-he74 ,with his spike the heroic ,baladeva sundered his bow into two pieces and creating in no time a downpour of arrows assailed many a hero with his arms embellished with gold4 ,worked up with anger ,chitrasena wounded him with nine arrows 7#hf-hg74 ,then ,kaishika wounded him with five arrows and ,jarsandha with seven4 ,janrddana wounded them each with three winged arrows 7#hh74 ,the powerful ,baladeva struck ,chitrasena's car with ten sharpened arrows 7#hi74 ,baladeva1 with his spike1 sundered his bow into two pieces4 ,with his bow shattered and deprived of his car1 the powerful ,chitrasena1 greatly worked up with anger and desirous of slaying the holder of plough-share1 proceeded towards him4 ,the highly powerful ,jarsandha cut off the bow of ,rma who was discharging ,nrchas in order to kill ,chitrasena 7#ij-ia74 ,the king of ,magadha1 in anger1 struck his horses with his club4 ,the highly powerful and heroic ,jarsandha thus confronted ,rma 7#ib74 ,then taking up a mace ,rma pursued ,jarsandha4 ,an encounter then took place between them both desirous of killing each other 7#ic74 ,beholding the ,magadha king fight with ,rma1 ,chitrasena1 ascending a war-car1 encircled ,jarsandha with a huge army of elephants and other warriors4 ,then began a close fight between the two armies 7#id-ie74 ,thereupon surrounded by his huge army the highly powerful ,jarsandha attacked the ,ydavas who preceded ,rma and ,krishna 7#if74 ,then there arose a great tumult from both the armies like that of an agitated ocean 7#ig74 ,o king1 there was heard a great sound of the numberless bugles1 conches and trumpets of both the armies 7#ih74 ,on all sides were heard the shouts and the slapping of the arms of the soldiers4 ,and a storm of dust was raised by the hoofs 7of the horses7 and the wheels 7of the cars7 7#ii74 ,and there stood roaring at one another1 heroes armed with bows and various other weapons 7#ajj74 ,thereupon giving up all hopes of life1 thousands of highly powerful car-warriors1 elephant drivers and infantry fearlessly engaged in fight4 ,and a terrible encounter took place between ,jarsandha's army and the ,ydavas 7#aja-ajb74 ,o ,bhrata1 placing ,baladeva before them and taking a half of their army ,sini1 ,andhrishthi1 ,babhra1 ,vipritha and ,ahuka attacked the sothern flank of the enemy's army protected by ,jarsandha1 the king of ,chedis1 the highly powerful ,udichya1 ,salya1 ,slya and other kings4 ,and renouncing all hopes of life they began to discharge arrows 7#ajc-aje74 ,o foremost kings1 ,avagha1 ,prithu1 ,kanka1 ,satadyumna and ,viduratha1 led by ,janrddana1 with the other half of the army attached the detachment protected by the highly powerful ,bhishmaka1 ,rukshmi1 ,devaka1 the ,madra king and the kings of the ,west and ,south endued with energy and prowess4 ,and casting off all hopes of life they began a dreadful fight discharging1 ,saktis1 ,rishthis1 ,prsas and arrows 7#ajf-ajh74 ,on that battle encircled by a huge army ,salyaki1 ,chitraka1 ,shyma1 the energetic ,yuyudhna1 ,rajdhideva1 ,mridara1 the mighty car-warriors ,swaphalka1 ,prasena1 and ,satrajit1 attacked the left flank of the enemy's army4 ,they began to fight there attacking half of the enemy's army led by ,mridara and assisted by the highly powerful western kings headed by ,venudari and the sons of ,dhritarshtra 7#aji-aaa74 ,,chapter ,,xcii4 ,,the ,,battle ,,between ,,krishna ,,and ,,jarashandha4 ,vaishampayana said3--,thereupon there commenced a great battle between the ,vrishnis and the commanders and vassal kings of the lord of ,magadha 7#a74 ,o foremost of the descendants of ,bharata1 ,vsudeva fought with ,rukshmi1 ,ahuka with ,bishmaka1 ,vasudeva with ,kratha1 ,vabhru with ,kaishika1 the king of ,chedi with ,gava1 and ,shambhu with ,dantavakra4 ,thus did the great heroes and soldiers1 belonging to the army of ,vrishnis1 fight for twenty-seven days with the highly powerful sovereigns and soldiers of the king of ,magadha's party 7#c-d74 ,those who rode elephants fought with such1 the cavalry with the cavalry1 the infantry with the infantry and the car-warriors with the car-warriors 7#e74 ,a dreadful hair-stirring encounter took place between ,rma and ,jarsandha like unto that between ,vitra and the king of gods 7#f74 ,caring for ,rukshmini's feeling ,krishna did not slay ,rukshmi1 but by virtue of his own learning he sent back his shafts burning like the rays of the sun and dreadful like venomous serpents4 ,a dreadful onslaught of soldiers took place in this battle 7#g-h74 ,the battle-field was covered with mud of flesh and blood of both the armies4 ,in that encounter of both the contending armies an endless number of headless figures arose from all sides4 ,the car-warrior ,rma enveloped ,jarsandha with arrows resembling poisonous serpents4 ,the heroic king of ,magadha too covered him with arrows4 ,thereupon approaching each other in quick-coursing cars they struck each other with diverse weapons and sent up leonine shouts4 ,after their horses and charioteers been slain1 their cars had been shattered and their weapons fallen short they took up their clubs and ran towards each other4 ,the earth shook under the weight of their feet 7#i-ac74 ,taking up their clubs in anger those two highly powerful heroes1 expert in fighting with clubs and having arms as huge as mountain summits1 ran towards each other4 ,and in order to witness their fight other heroes desisted from the encounter 7#ad74 ,thereupon those two highly powerful heroes1 celebrated in the worlds as the masters of the art of war1 began to fight with each other like two infuriated elephants 7#ae74 ,o king1 thereupon came there from all quarters thousands and thousands of gods ,gandharvas1 ,siddhas1 ,saints and ,yakshas4 ,shining greatly in their effulgence the battle-field looked like welkin covered with luminous bodies 7#af-ag74 ,then turning toward left the highly powerful ,jarsandha ran towards ,rma and ,baladava too turned towards south 7#ah74 ,by resounding ten quarters as an elephant strikes his antagonist with his tusks so those two heroes1 skilled in club fighting1 struck each other 7#ai74 ,in that encounter the sound of the fall of the ,baladeva's club was heard like that of thunder-bolt1 and that of ,magadha king's club was like the riving of a mountain 7#bj74 ,as the wind cannot agitate the mount ,vindhya so the club1 slipped off the hands of ,jarsandha1 could not shake the foremost of the holders of club 7#ba74 ,by virtue of learning and patience ,jarsandha1 the king of ,magadha1 bore and withstood the velocity of ,rma's club 7#bb74 ,thus moving about in diverse circles in the battle-field for a long time both of them grew tired4 ,and then taking rest for some time they began to strike each other again 7#bc-bd74 ,those two foremost of warriors fought with each other for some time on equal terms4 ,and none of them left the battle-field 7#be74 ,thereupon witnessing ,jarsandha's efficiency in club-fighting the powerful ,rama left off his club in anger and took up his mace 7#bf74 ,when in that great battle ,baladeva1 in anger1 took up the terrible-looking mace of sure aim there was heard in the sky a sweet voice of the witness of the world which said to ,baladeva the holder of plough-share 7#bg-bh74 ,o ,rma1 ,o thou the conferrer of honors1 this king of ,magadha is not to be slain by thee4 ,be not sorry therefore and desist4 ,jarasandha shall1 in no time1 meet with his death from the means that ,i have laid out for his destruction 7#bi74 ,hearing this voice of ,providence ,jarsandha lost heart and ,baladeva did not strike him therefore 7#cj74 ,o ,emperor1 while they thus desisted from fighting there took place a highly terrible encounter extending over a long time between the ,yadavas and other kings in which they struck one4 another fiercely4 ,when the ,emperor ,jarsandha was thus defeated and took to his heels and when the sun set the highly powerful ,yadavas1 protected by ,krishna1 who had gained their aim1 did not pursue him in night4 ,and gathering their respective soldiers according to the will of ,mdhava they entered into their own city4 ,and all the weapons that came down from the welkin also disappeared 7#ca-cd74 ,and filled with absent-mindedness1 king ,jarsandha too returned to his own city4 ,and the kings1 who followed him1 returned to their respective kingdoms 7#ce74 ,on the other hand1 ,o foremost of kings1 having defeated ,jarsandha the ,ydavas could not consider themselves as completely above defeat1 for he was a highly powerful king 7#cf74 ,the great car warriors ,ydavas fought with him for eighteen times and still they could not slay him in the battle-field 7#cg74 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 king ,jarsandha had twenty ,akshouhinis of soldiers who all came with him 7#ch74 ,the ,vrishnis were very few in number and so they were overpowered by the king ,vrhadratha who was followed by other kings 7#ci74 ,having thus defeated ,jarsandha the king of ,magadha1 the great car-warriors ,vrishnis began to live happily 7#dj74 ,,chapter ,,xciii4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,haryashwa4 ,vaishampayana said3--,with ,rohini's son the powerful ,vasudeva began to live happily in the city of ,mathura filled with ,ydavas 7#a74 ,gradually his person shone greatly in the beauty of youth and regal prosperity4 ,and delightedly he began to range in ,mathur adorned with woods 7#b74 ,once again incited by his two daughters and remembering the death of ,kansa1 ,jarsandha1 the king of ,rajagriha1 made preparations for a battle 7#c74 ,in this wise the mighty car-warriors ,ydavas fought seventeen times with ,jarsandha but could not kill him in battle 7#d74 ,thereupon accompanied by his four-fold forces the prosperous king of ,magadha made preparations for the eighteenth expedition 7#e74 ,out of shame for his previous defeats and with a view to slay ,krishna1 the highly-powerful and valiant king of ,rajagriha the beautiful ,emperor ,jarsandha1 like unto the king of gods in prowess1 set out encircled by a huge army4 ,and despite his many endeavours he again came back unsuccessful 7#f-g74 ,hearing that ,jarsandha had desisted the ,yadavas1 stricken with his fear1 began to hold counsels 7#h74 ,there upon the highly effulgent ,vikadru1 well-read in moral laws1 said to the lotus-eyed ,krishna in the very presence of ,ugrasena 7#i74 ,o my child ,govinda1 listen to the origin of our family4 ,i am relating it because the proper time has come4 ,act according to my words1 if you regard them proper1 ,o pious one 7#aj74 ,listen1 ,i shall describe at length the origin of this race of ,yadavas as related by ,vyasa conversant with the knowledge of spirit 7#aa74 ,in ,manu's race flourished a celebrated and prosperous king by name ,haryashwa born of ,ikshwku1 and powerful like ,mahendra himself 7#ab74 ,like unto ,indra's ,sachi he had a beloved spouse by name ,madhumati the daughter of the ,daitya ,madhu 7#ac74 ,she was youthful and of matchless beauty and used always to carry out king's wishes4 ,and so she grew dearer than his very life 7#ad74 ,observing the vow of one wife that daughter of the king of ,dnavas1 of a beautiful hip and capable of assuming forms at will1 although a woman1 used to satisfy the desire of that foremost of ,ikshwkus like the sky-ranging ,rohini 7#ae74 ,o ,mdhava1 once on a time banished from the kingdom by his eldest brother1 that lotus-eyed foremost of kings ,haryashwa1 conversant with the knowledge of time1 left ,ayodhya of his own accord4 ,and with very few members with him he repaired to woods with his dear wife and began to live there4 ,one day the lotus-eyed ,madhumati said to the king who had been exiled by his brother 7#af-ah74 ',o foremost of kings1 do thou cast off all desires for thy kingdom4 ,let us both go to the house of my father ,madhu 7#ai74 ,there is the charming forest of ,madhu like unto the city of the celestials where the trees pour down flowers and fruits as desired4 ,we shall enjoy there happily 7#bj74 ,o king1 thou art dear unto both my parents and for my satisfaction thou art dearer unto my brother ,lavana too 7#ba74 ,so united with him we shall be able to enjoy there happily as if we are in our own kingdom4 ,o foremost of men1 repairing there like unto the immortals in the garden of ,nandana we shall enjoy there as if in the city of gods4 ,may good betide thee 7#bb74 ,o sovereign1 greatly vain is thy brother4 ,he cherishes malice against us and is always proud of his kingdom4 ,we should therefore renounce him 7#bc74 ,oh fie on such a wretched habitation and dependance like a slave4 ,therefore1 ,o hero1 let us both go to my father's house' 7#bd74 ,although he had no desire of bringing about the destruction of his eldest brother through the help of his father-in-law the lust-stricken king however liked the words of his wife 7#be74 ,thereupon after that foremost of men the king ,haryashwa1 stricken with desire1 had repaired with his beautiful wife to the city of ,madhu the king of ,dnavas said to him with love3--',welcome to thee1 ,o my son ,haryshwa1 ,i am pleased to see thee 7#bf-bg74 ,o foremost of kings1 ,i confer on thee all this my kingdom except the ,madhu forest2 do thou live here 7#bh74 ,in this forest ,lavana will become thy help and guide in destroying thy enemies 7#bi74 ,do thou rule over this prosperous kingdom abounding in kine1 filled with cow-herds and adorned with the water of the ocean 7#cj74 ,o my son1 if thou dost live here thou shalt have a huge mountainous fortress and thy extensive kingdom1 consisting of prosperous villages and cities1 will be the abode of kings 7#ca74 ,the country1 that is watered by the ocean1 is freed from dangers4 ,there thou shalt have an extensive territory by name ,anarta 7#cb71 ,o king1 that will however come to pass in time4 ,do thou now engage in performing the duties of a king in this country 7#cc74 ,o my child1 in time thy family will be amalgamated with the ,yadu race originating from ,yayati4 ,although born in the ,solar ,dynasty thy race shall constitute a subdivision of the ,lunar race 7#cd74 ,my desire is1 ,o my child1 that after conferring upon thee this most excellent territory ,i shall repair to the ocean the abode of salt for carrying on ascetic observances 7#ce74 ,o my son1 being united with ,lavana1 do thou rule over this prosperous and extensive kingdom for multiplying thy race 7#cf7'4 ,hearing those words of ,madhu and exclaiming 'do thou enter into water' ,haryashwa accepted the kingdom and the ,daitya too repaired to the abode of ,varuna1 the asylum of ascetics 7#cg74 ,thereupon ,haryashwa1 highly effulgent like unto an immortal1 laid out a city for habitation on that best of mountains 7#ch74 ,that kingdom named ,anarta1 consisting of beautiful cities and precious kine1 grew prosperous in no time 7#ci74 ,inhabited by subjects ,anupa country1 adorned with forests1 situate on the bank of the ocean and abounding in walls and villages1 was filled with fields and corns 7#dj74 ,the highly powerful king ,haryashwa1 enhancing the delight of the subjects and cities1 ruled over the prosperous kingdom with glory and in pursuance of the royal duties 7#da74 ,by the perfect administration of the high-souled ,haryashwa that prosperous kingdom became endued with all the characteristics of a kingdom and gradually increased in dimension 7#db74 ,adorned with royal accomplishments1 that king1 ,o lord1 stationed in a kingdom1 by his conduct and morality acquired the prosperity of his family 7#dc74 ,thereupon gradually desiring for a son the intelligent ,haryashwa began practising holy observances4 ,he begat on ,madhumati his highly illustrious son ,yadu 7#dd74 ,gifted with a voice like the blare of a bugle1 irrepressible unto his enemies and endued with all regal marks the highly energetic ,yadu began to grow up gradually 7#de-df74 ,he was the only begotten son of the high-souled ,haryashwa who ruled over the prosperous earth 7#dg74 ,therefore having ruled piously for ten thousand years over his kingdom suffering no deterioration the king ,haryashwa disappeared from the earth and repaired to the city of the celestials 7#dh74 ,thereupon the subjects installed the valiant ,yadu in the kingdom4 ,after the demise of his sire the beautiful ,yadu1 like unto ,indra himself1 7from whom the ,yadavas have sprung7 rose like the sun and governed the earth4 7,during his regime7 the fear of robbers was dispelled 7#di-ej74 ,once on a time while engaged in sporting in the water along with his liberal wives like unto the moon 7surrounded7 by stars the king began to swim in the water of the ocean he was all on a sudden assailed by the powerful king of serpents ,dhumavarna 7#ea-eb74 ,dragged by the king of serpents he was taken to his city1 which had pillars and doors made of diamond1 was adorned with a heap of pearls1 white conch-shells1 masses of various other jewels1 corals and trees covered with foliage4 ,it abounded in leading serpents living in the belly of he ocean and in its middle were temples of golden or moon-like lustre 7#ec-ee74 ,that lord of kings saw there in the clear water of the ocean the city of the serpent chief built as if like one on the surface of the earth 7#ef74 ,ease at heart the king ,yadu entered that structure of fathomless water filled with serpent females 7#eg74 ,to him was offered a most excellent watery seat made of jems strewn over with lotus leaves and hung together by a lotus thread 7#eh74 ,when the king ,yadu sat on that superb serpent seat ,dhumavarna1 the king of ,pannagas1 respectfully said 7#ei74 ',o foremost of ,yadus1 having established this great family on earth and begotten you1 a highly powerful sovereign1 your father has gone to heaven 7#fj74 ,o my child1 the family1 the very mine of kings1 that your father has established for the behoof 7of the world71 will be known as ,ydava after your name 7#fa74 ,o lord in this your family1 the gods1 the ,rishis and the eternal sons of the great ,uragas will take birth as men 7#fb74 ,o foremost of kings1 therefore1 in pursuance of your own duties and by virtue of patriarchal deeds1 accept these five maiden daughters of mine begotten on the sister of ,yuvanashwa4 ,you are worthy of obtaining a boon and ,i shall confer one upon you 7#fc-fd74 ,those1 who will be born in your family1 will be celebrated by the names of ,bhouma1 ,stwata1 ,bhoja1 ,andhaka1 ,yadava1 ,dshrha and ,vrishni--these seven 7families7 7#fe74' ,having said this and with water in his hands the foremost of ,pannagas1 ,dhumavarna1 who was observing the vow of a daughter1 gave away to him cheerfully his daughter4 ,and then delightedly he conferred on ,yadu the following boon3--',o giver of honors1 these my five daughters will give birth to five sons endued with the energies of their parents in equal proportions4 ,by the power of my boon all the kings1 born in your family1 will be able to assume forms at will and range in water 7#ff-fi7'4 ,having thus obtained the boon and the five maidens the king ,yadu1 like the moon1 rose up soon from the water 7#gj74 ,adorned with celestial garlands and unguents the king1 in his bridal dress and encircled by the five ladies like unto moon in the midst of five stars1 visited the entire inner apartment of the serpent 7#ga-gb74 ,then having consoled his five fire-like wives the king1 filled with great delight1 returned to his own city 7#gc74 ,,chapter ,,xciv4 ,,the ,,sons ,,of ,,yadu ,,and ,,their ,,conquests4 ,vaishampayana said3--,after a long time the king ,yadu begat on the five daughters of the ,nga king five large armed royal sons1 the scions of his family1 namely ,muchukunda1 ,padmavarna1 ,mdhava1 ,srasa and ,harita 7#a-b74 ,beholding those five sons like unto the five elements the king1 of incomparable prowess1 was delighted 7#c74 ,once on a time worked up with pride and strength the five brothers1 like unto five pillars of earth1 stood before their sire and said3--,o father1 we have come of age and have been endued with great strength4 ,command us soon what we shall do according to your mandate 7#d-e78 ,hearing the words of his sons endued with the prowess of a tiger and marking their earnestness for work ,yadu1 the foremost of kings1 was highly pleased and said 7#f73--,let my son ,muchukunda build up two mountainous cities around the mountains ,vindhya and ,rikshavan 7#g74 ,let my son ,padmavarna build up in no time in the ,south a city on the mountain ,sahya 7#h74 ,let my son ,sarasa lay out a charming city in the province adorned with ,champaka trees in the ,west on the mount ,sahya 7#i74 ,let my son1 the large-armed ,harita protect the island of ,dhumavarna1 the king of serpents1 situate in the ocean of yellow water 7#aj74 ,and installed in the office of heir-apparent1 let my pious and large-armed son ,mdhava1 the eldest and foremost of all my sons1 rule over my own kingdom 7#aa74 ,thereupon according to the mandate of their sire1 those foremost of kings1 duly installed with chowries and others1 and having attained to regal prosperity1 set out towards their respective provinces in search of the quarters where they would lay out their cities 7#ab-ac74 ,having selected the interior of the ,vindhy impassable with hills1 situate on the bank of ,nermuda1 for laying out his city1 the royal saint ,muchukunda cleared that place1 constructed a bridge on a level with ,nermuda and laid out ditches full of fathomless water around the city 7#ad-ae74 ,in the various wards of the city were constructed temples1 carriage roads1 shops1 high ways and gardens 7#bf74 ,within a very short time that foremost of kings ,muchukunda adorned his city with flag-staffs and pennons and filled it with wealth1 corn and kine4 ,it became prosperous like 7,amarvati71 the capital of ,indra 7#ag74 ,that foremost of kings1 powerful like the king of gods1 thus named his city built up by his own power4 ,since this city is built under the protection of the mountain ,rikshavn and abounds in rocks it will be celebrated by the name of ,mahishmati 7#ah-ai74 ,thereupon between the mountains ,vindhy and ,rikshavn he laid out a highly charming city beautiful like the city of gods1 by name ,purika consisting of hundreds of gardens1 prosperous shops and courtyards 7#bj-ba74 ,because that city was laid out around the mount ,rikshavn by the pious-souled king ,muchakunda it was named ,purika 7#bb74 ,thus did the powerful king ,muchukanda1 the foremost of the pious1 build two spacious cities worthy of being enjoyed by the gods and began to rule over them 7#bc74 ,the royal saint ,padmavarna laid out1 on the mountain ,sahya on the bank of the river ,ven1 the province ,padmvata abounding in trees and creepers with a skill like that displayed by the celestial ,architect ,viswakarma4 ,and his city was known by the name of ,karavira4 ,knowing the small compass of his territories the king laid out one complete kingdom 7#bd-bf74 ,in the well-known prosperous province of ,vanavsi abounding in trees of all seasons ,srasa built his highly charming city ,krouncha consisting of many ,champoka and ,asoka trees and coppery colored earth 7#bg-bh74 ,harita began to govern the island of the ocean abounding in many jewels and beautiful women 7#bi74 ,in his kingdom the fishermen1 called ,mudgaras1 used to range in the bed of the ocean and collect shells 7#cj74 ,people of other provinces used to gather heaps of corals and brilliant pearls grown in water4 7#ca74 ,searching in small boats and collecting jewels born in water ,nishdas used to gather them in big boats 7#cb74 ,people of that kingdom used to feed upon fish and meat4 ,taking all sorts of jewels the inhabitants of the jeweled island used to go to distant countries in boats and used to encompass the satisfaction of ,harita only like unto the god of riches with articles acquired by merchandise 7#cc-cd74 ,thus originating from the ,ikshwku race and being divided into four by the sons of ,yadu his family was split up into four branches 7#ce74 ,having conferred in time upon ,mdhava the foremost of the ,yadu race his own kingdom1 the ,emperor ,yadu cast off his earthly body and repaired to the city of the celestials 7#cf74 ,to ,mdhava was born a powerful son by name ,satwata endued with the quality of goodness and endowed with every sort of royal accomplishment 7#cg74 ,stwata's son1 the highly powerful ,bhima also became a king4 ,after his name his descendants are called ,bhaima and those of ,stwata are known by the name of ,satwatas 7#ch74 ,while this king was ruling ,rma also flourished in ,ayodhy4 ,having slain ,lavana ,satrughana 7at that time7 devastated the ,madhu forest 7#ci74 ,that ,lord1 the enhancer of ,sumitr's joy1 laid out in that forest the city of ,mathur 7#dj74 ,when in time ,rma1 ,bharata and the two sons of ,sumitr 7,lakshmana and ,satrughna7 terminated their career on earth1 ,bhima1 on account of its contiguity to his own kingdom1 brought that territory of ,vishnu under his own control and began to live there 7#da-db74 ,thereupon when in ,ayodhy ,kusha became the king and ,lava the heir apparent ,andhaka began to govern that kingdom 7#dc74 ,andhaka's son was the king ,revata4 ,from him was born the king ,riksha on the charming mountain situated on the bank of the ocean4 ,after his name that mountain is known as ,raivataka in the world 7#dd-de74 ,raivata's son was the highly illustrious king ,vishwagarbha4 ,he was greatly powerful and was a celebrated king in the world 7#df74 ,o ,keshava1 he begat on his three goddess-like wives four auspicious sons like unto patriarchs by name ,vasu1 ,vabhru1 ,sushena and ,sabhksha4 ,each1 of those leading descendants of ,yadu1 acquired renown like a patriarch 7#dg-dh74 ,o ,krishna1 this family of ,yadus has been spread on earth by those kings having off-spring who were born in this family 7#di74 ,vasu had a powerful son by name ,vasudeva and two beautiful daughters by name ,kunti and ,srhutrashrav 7#ed71 ,kunti1 ranging on earth like a goddess1 was the queen of the king ,pandu and ,shrutashrav was the wife of ,damaghosha the king of ,chedi 7#ea74 ,o ,krishna1 thus ,i have related to you the origin of your family as ,i had heard before from ,krishna ,dwaipyana 7#eb74 ,at present our family is on the verge of extinction1 and therefore for encompassing our well-being and victory1 thou1 as the self-sprung ,deity1 art born as our leader in our family 7#ec74 ,thou art omniscient and the upholder of all4 ,and thou art above even the comprehension of gods4 ,we can hide thee by recognizing thee as one of the citizens 7#ed74 ,o lord1 thou art capable of fighting with king ,jarsandha and we too1 determined upon entering into a fight1 are ready to follow thy guidance 7#ee74 ,jarsandha1 on the other hand1 is of incomparable prowess1 the leader of the entire circle of kings and has innumerable soldiers4 ,but our resources are limited 7#ef74 ,this city has a limited supply of food and fuels4 ,it is not protected by a fort4 ,the diches of water are not well kept and the gateways are not furnished with weapons4 ,it will not therefore be able to stand attack for even one day4 ,ramparts and walls1 extending over a long distance1 should be constructed around it 7#eg-eh74 ,and the arsenal should be repaired with bricks4 ,kansa used to protect his own city by his own strength and so it is not protected by many men 7#ei74 ,now when ,kansa is dead and our kingdom is newly acquired this city will not be able to stand a new seige 7#fj74 ,when besieged this city will be assailed by the enemies and completely ruined forsooth over kingdom1 along with men1 will meet with destruction 7#fa74 ,the ,ydavas1 whom1 taking advantage of their internal dissension and desirous of a kingdom we have conquered1 are showing signs of enmity4 ,do what conduces to our well-being 7#fb-fc74 ,on account of our king at this time when our kingdom is in danger we shall be the butt of redicule even unto those kings who have taken to their heels in fear of ,jarsandha 7#fc74 ,o ,keshava1 the people1 who will be obstructed in the city1 will distressingly say ,we have been ruined by the internal dissensions of the ,ydavas 7#fd74 ,o ,krishna1 ,i do not speak thus with a view to excite in thee thy sense of duty1 but have simply expressed my opinion out of affection 7#fe71 ,o ,krishna1 do thou encompass what conduces to our well-being now4 ,thou art the commander of this army and we are to follow thy orders4 ,besides1 thou art the root of their quarrel4 ,do thou save us as well as thy own self 7#ff74 ,,chapter ,,xcv4 ,,krishna ,,meets ,,with ,,parasurama4 ,vaishampayana said3--,hearing the words of ,vikadru the highly illustrious ,vasudeva1 with a delighted mind1 said3--,o ,krishna1 what the intelligent ,vikadru1 the foremost of royal speakers1 and conversant with the meaning of royal counsels has said1 is true and well meaning4 ,he has related royal duties and truths conducive to the well-being of the universe4 ,do what that foremost of ,yadus has said 7#a-c74 ,hearing the words of his father and of the high-souled ,vikadru1 ,krishna1 the foremost of men1 gave vent to the following reasonable words 7#d74 ,i have listened to what you have said1 surveying 7the course of7 the ,providence according to reason1 order1 logic and scriptures 7#e74 ,hear the reply that ,i give and accept it after hearing4 ,the king should behave according to order and moral laws 7#f74 ,a king daily meditates on peace1 quarrel1 conveyance1 seats1 dissension-making and help 7#g74 ,a learned king should not place himself before a powerful enemy1 but rather should fly away4 ,and in proper time and according to his strength he should engage in fight 7#h74 ,therefore although ,i am capable1 ,i shall1 at this very moment1 fly away with the worshipful ,baladeva for saving my life like one incapable 7#i74 ,ascending the mount ,sahya beautiful like myself along with my reverend elder brother1 ,i shall enter into ,deccan and we shall behold the charming cities of ,karavira and ,krounch and the foremost of mountains ,gomanta 7#aj-aa74 ,hearing of this our departure that ,emperor1 elated with success1 will not enter into this city but rather will pursue us in pride4 ,and repairing to the forest of ,sahya with his followers he will endeavour to arrest us 7#ab-ac74 ,therefore this our departure is conducive to the well-being of the race of ,yadu4 ,by this1 the ,province1 the city and the citizens will fare well 7#ad74 ,when an enemy flies away from his kingdom1 the kings1 desirous of achieving victory while in another kingdom1 do not desist from fighting without killing the enemies 7#ae74 ,after this conversation1 the heroic ,krishna and ,sangkarshana1 although capable1 set out for the south without experiencing the least anxiety in mind 7#ai74 ,assuming forms at will they began to travel in hundreds of southern kingdoms 7#ag74 ,thereupon getting upon the charming mountain of ,sahya and experiencing joy they reached the road leading to the south 7#ah74 ,going by that road they1 within a short time1 reached the city of ,karavira1 presided over by the members of their own family and adorned with the mount ,sahya4 ,they saw there a huge fig tree on the bank of the river ,ven 7#ai-bj74 ,they saw there the eternal great ascetic ,rma1 the descendant of ,bhrigu who is never exhausted and like the sun on the mount ,mandara milching his sacrificial cow with her calf ever giving milk whenever desired and white as the milky ,arani tree near the mount ,mahendra4 ,he was seated at the foot of that tree1 had his axe on his shoulder1 wore bark and matted locks1 was white as the flames of fire1 effulgent like the sun1 the destroyer of the ,kshatriyas1 motionless like the ocean1 was preserving the three sacred fires1 was emaciated with the performance of three oblations a day and was like the very preceptor of gods 7#ba-bf74 ,thereupon ,krishna1 the foremost of speakers and conversant with the history of men1 addressed that foremost of ,rishis1 in sweet words saying 7#bg73--,o ,reverend ,sir1 ,i have known thee as the foremost of ,rishis1 ,rma1 the son of ,jamadagni born in the race of ,bhrigu1 and the destroyer of the ,kshatriyas 7#bh74 ,o descendant of ,bhrigu1 having agitated the ocean with the velocity of thy shafts thou hast laid out a city by name ,surpra1 two thousand cubits in breadth and one thousand in length4 ,thou hast laid out a great province in the prosperous groves of the ,sahya mountain situated on the bank of the great ocean4 ,remembering the destruction of thy sire thou didst1 with thy axe1 chop off the thousand arms of ,krtavirya resembling a forest4 ,even now the ,earth has her mud covered with the cool blood of the ,kshatryas who were killed by thy axe and were shorn of effulgence4 ,o son of ,renuk1 the axe remains here in the same way in which thou didst hold it in battle on earth out of anger against the ,kshatryas4 ,o ,vipra1 we wish to hear from thee some thing4 ,do thou reply to it without any hesitation of mind4 ,o foremost of ,munis1 perhaps thou mightest have heard of two ,ydavas living on the bank of the ,yamun4 ,we are those two ,yadavas living in ,mathur4 ,from the very commencement of our birth1 our father ,vasuveda1 the foremost of ,yadus and ever observant of vows1 afraid of ,kansa1 placed us in ,vraja4 ,there we grew up without any fear 7#bi-cg74 ,as soon as we came of age we entered into ,mathur and powerfully destroyed the haughty ,kansa in the assembly 7#ch74 ,thereupon placing his father ,ugrasena in his royal office we again1 as before1 engaged in the work of cow-herd boys 7#ci74 ,o thou of firm vows1 thereafter when ,jarsandha laid seige to our city for many times and fought we1 although capable1 in the interest of our city and subjects1 in fear of his preparations1 left our city on foot1 for we are not powerful1 have made no preparations and have no soldiers1 carts1 coats of mail and weapons 7#dj-db74 ,thus1 ,o foremost of ,munis1 we have come to thee4 ,do thou welcome us with good counsels 7#dc74 ,hearing those their becoming words ,renuk's son ,rma1 born in the race of ,bhrigu1 replied in words pregnant with morality 7#dd74 ,o lord ,krishna1 in order to give you counsels ,i have just alone come to this place without my disciples 7#de74 ,o thou having lotus-eyes1 ,i know thy habitation in ,vraja and the destruction of the vicious-souled ,kansa and other ,dnavas 7#df74 ,coming to know now of thine and ,rama's quarrel with ,jarsandha ,i have come here1 ,o thou having a beautiful face1 ,o foremost of men 7#dg74 ,o ,krishna1 ,i know1 though not a boy1 thou1 the eternal lord of the universe1 hast become a boy1 for encompassing the work of the gods 7#dh74 ,although there is nothing in the three worlds which thou dost not know still listen to what ,i say out of devotion 7#di74 ,o ,govinda1 thy predecessors laid out and established this city of ,karavirapura 7#ej74 ,o ,krishna1 now in this city reigns the highly wrathful1 illustrious and celebrated king ,vasudeva ,shrigla 7#ea74 ,out of jealousy towards the heroes that king has destroyed all thy kinsmen and the kings born in thy race 7#eb74 ,o ,govinda1 the king ,shrigla is greatly proud1 of uncontrolled mind1 cannot look at other's prosperity1 is elated with the pride of his kingdom and riches and is even oppressive towards his own sons 7#ec74 ,methinks1 ,o foremost of men1 thou shouldst not live in this dreadful ,karavirapura1 censured by all the kings 7#ed74 ,hear1 now1 ,i shall describe the place stationed where thou wouldst be able to obstruct and fight with thy enemy ,jarsandha puffed up with power 7#ee74 ,mayst thou fare well1 ,o ,mdhava4 ,let us this very day cross the sacred river ,ven with our arms and spend the night on the impassable mountain situated at the boundary of this kingdom 7#ef74 ,spending a night on one of the minor ranges of the ,sahya mountain named ,yajnagiri the abode of dreadful beasts living upon flesh1 abounding in trees and creepers and adorned with blossoming trees and crossing the river ,khatangi1 resembling the water-fall of ,gang issuing out of the great mountain and adorned with golden lotuses we shall see the water-falls of the ,ganges adorned with various woods of the ascetics4 ,repairing to that hill we shall behold there the ascetics who do not care for honors although worthy of them4 ,then crossing the river we shall go to the charming city of ,krouncha 7#eg-fa74 ,o ,krishna1 the lord of that province is the pious king ,mahkapi born in thy race 7#fb74 ,without paying a visit to that king we shall repair to the eternally sacred shrine ,andhuha for spending the night 7#fc74 ,issuing therefrom we shall go to the celebrated hill ,gomanta consisting of many summits situate in the valley of the mount ,sahya 7#fd74 ,o ,krishna1 one of the summits has risen so high up into the sky that even the birds cannot get on it4 ,it is the resting place of the gods1 enveloped with luminous bodies1 high as an etherial house and like the stare-case of the celestial region2 7what more7 that mountain is like the second ,sumeru and the landing stage for all the celestial conveyances 7#fe-ff74 ,getting upon that high summit ye will range there seeing the sun and the moon1 the effulgent lords of the luminous bodies1 at the time of their rising and setting and the great ocean of heaving waves and adorning the insular continent of ,apara 7#fg-fh74 ,ranging in the forest situate on the summit of the mount ,gomanta if you obstruct ,jarsandha by fighting with him in the fort you will be able to conquer him 7#fi74 ,beholding you on the summit of the mountain ,jarsandha will become incapable of fighting in the rocks4 ,i see before me the weapons that you will acquire when that terrible battle will set in 7#gj-ga74 ,o ,krishna1 as ordained by the gods1 such a battle will take place there between other kings and the ,ydavas that the earth will be filled with the mud of flesh and blood 7#gb74 ,appearing as if in the very forms of death1 the discus1 plough-share1 the club ,kumodaki1 the mace ,saunada and other ,vaishana weapons will1 in that battle1 drink the blood of the kings urged on by death 7#gc-gd74 ,o ,krishna1 ,o thou the stay of the celestials1 in that battle of discus and mace1 as ordained by the gods and brought on by ,time1 the celestials and thy enemies will behold thine ,vishnu form 7#ge-gf74 ,for accomplishing the work of the gods1 which has not come within thy recollection for a long time1 do thou1 in thy ,vishnu form1 take up that discus and club 7#gg74 ,let ,rohini's son1 the stay of the world1 take up1 for destroying the enemies of the gods1 dreadful mace and plough-share capable of grinding the enemies 7#gh74 ,as spoken by the gods at their meeting held for relieving the earth of her burden this will be thy first battle in the world with the kings 7#gi74 ,in this battle thou shalt attain to thy ,vishnu form1 weapons1 prosperity and energy and destroy the army of the enemies 7#hj71 ,o ,krishna1 this battle will sow the seeds of the great battle1 abounding in weapons1 that will be named ,bhrata 7#ha74 ,do thou therefore go to that best of mountains ,gomanta4 ,from the signs it appears that ,jarsandha is on the verge of ruin 7#hb74 ,drinking the ambrosia-like milk of this sacrificial cow do ye proceed by the way pointed out by me4 ,may good betide ye 7#hc74 ,,chapter ,,xcvi4 ,a ,,description ,,of ,,the ,,mount ,,gomanta4 ,vaishampayana said3--,thereupon drinking the milk of the sacrificial cow along with ,bhrigu's descendant the two foremost of speakers and ,ydavas ,rma and ,keshava1 endued with the gait of infuriated elephants proud of their strength1 set out by the path pointed out by ,jmadghni for beholding the mount ,gomanta 7#a-b74 ,as the gods beautify the celestial region so those two heroes1 with ,jmadagnya as the third1 beautified the road like three fires 7#c74 ,as the gods come to the mount ,mandara1 so they1 passing over the road frequented by men1 reached the mount ,gomanta in the evening4 ,it was covered with charming creepers1 adorned with various trees1 scented with incense1 variegated with a row of beautiful peacocks1 entirely filled with bees1 and rocks abounding in trees1 and resonant with the notes of peacocks imitating the muttering of clouds 7#d-f74 ,the summits of that mountain were attached to the sky1 the trees were covered with clouds1 the rocks were scratched with the tusks of the infuriated elephants1 the places around the water-fall were covered with green grass and creepers and were resonant with the notes of birds 7#g-h74 ,with dark-blue rocks that foremost of mountains assumed various colours like a cloud4 ,its body was besmeared with metalic discharges4 ,it was adorned with table-lands and springs1 was filled with beautiful celestials like the mount ,mainka coursing at will1 was elevated and of high summits4 ,its base was filled with water4 ,its caves were adorned with forest1 and white clouds and covered with1 ,panasa1 mango1 ,amrataka1 cane1 ,syandana1 sandal1 ,hintla1 ,tamala and ,ela woods4 ,it was adorned with ,marichakshupa1 ,pippali1 ,inguda1 ,sla1 ,nimva1 ,arjuna1 ,ptali and ,ponnaga trees4 ,the water was adorned with water-born lotuses and the ground with ground-born ones4 ,it was adorned with ,drumashanda1 ,jamva1 and ,jamvula trees and completely embellished with ,kanda1 ,kandala1 ,champaka1 ,ashoka1 ,vilwa1 ,tinduka1 ,kutaja and ,naga flowers4 ,it was filled with elephants and deer-herds4 ,the spacious valleys of that foremost of mountains were resorted to by ,siddhas1 ,chranas and ,rakshasas1 the rocks were continually filled with ,vidyadharas1 and echoed with the roars of lions and tigers4 ,it was sprinkled with currents of water and adorned with moon trees4 ,that mountain was highly spoken of by the gods and ,gandharvas1 adorned with ,apsaras and covered with flowers of celestial trees4 ,its summits had no experience of the strokes of ,indra's thunder1 forest-fire and fear of high winds4 ,the tops of the summits were beautified with streams of powerful water-falls and shone greatly with the beauty of water and moss4 ,all the passages were inhabited by deer and the sides of that best of mountains were adorned with rocks dark-blue like clouds4 ,as the wives beautify a husband so it was beautified by forests abounding in gentle trees covered with blossoming flowers4 ,at some places its summits1 beautified with caves and forests like a man with his wife1 burning in effulgence with herbs and inhabited by ascetics1 it appeared as if it was adorned with artificial golden forests4 ,it appeared as if with its spacious root and rising summit that mountain was agitating the earth and the sky 7#i-bg74 ,having reached the charming mount ,gomanta1 the three immortal-like heroes felt a desire for living there 7#bh74 ,thereupon as the birds rise high up into the sky so like ,vinat's son with their course not obstructed any where they1 with great force and power1 got upon that best of mountains 7#bi74 ,ascending like gods that most excellent summit of the mountain1 they1 without any delay1 built a habitation there after their own heart 7#cj74 ,seeing the ,yadavas stationed on the summit of the mountain the great son of ,jamadagni1 ,rma1 with a view to express his liberal views said 7#ca73--,o my child lord ,krishna1 ,i shall now repair to the city of ,surpraka4 ,even if you enter upon a battle with the gods you will not be defeated 7#cb74 ,o ,mdhava1 by the delight that ,i acquired on the way by your following me1 this my immortal body has been blessed 7#cc74 ,the battle1 in which you will acquire the weapons and which is intended for the after-life behoof of the kings1 as ordained by the gods1 shall take place here 7#cd74 ,o ,vishnu1 ,o ,krishna1 eulogised by the gods and the foremost of men do thou listen to the moral words of men in general 7#ce74 ,this present battle with ,jarsandha1 as ordained by ,time1 is the first instalment of thy human actions which thou hast begun to perform in the world assuming a human form 7#cf-cg74 ,do thou thyself1 ,o ,krishna1 by thy own power1 hold thy weapon and assume thy form terrible in battle 7#ch74 ,when thou shalt1 with thy uplifted discus and mace1 stand in the battle-field1 beholding thy well-formed eight arms even the king of gods will be stricken with fear 7#ci74 ,o foremost of the pious1 as settled in the city of the celestials from to-day commences thy march for establishing thy glory in the world in the interest of the gods 7#dj74 ,o foremost of speakers1 ,o large-armed ,govinda1 do thou speedily send for ,vinats son for waiting on the flag staff of thy car 7#da74 ,for the kings1 whose object of life is to fight under the subjection of ,dhritarashtra's sons1 are waiting for battle as if with their faces turned towards the city of the celestials 7#db74 ,as if beholding the future destruction of the kings1 possessed by widowhood and with one braid of hairs the ,earth is waiting for thee 7#dc74 ,o ,krishna1 ,o thou the slayer of thy enemies1 when assuming a human form thou shalt be present in the battle-field the ,kshatryas1 possessed by hostile stars1 without shrinking1 will assume a joyous attitude 7#dd74 ,therefore ,o ,mdhava1 do thou soon engage in fight for grinding the host of ,dnavas1 for the attainment of the celestial region by the kings and the happiness of the gods 7#de74 ,o ,krishna1 honored by thee who art honored by the universe ,i consider myself honored by the entire world1 mobile and immobile 7#df74 ,o thou of large arms1 forsooth thou shalt remember me when thou wilt fight with the assembled kings4 ,i shall endeavour for the accomplishment of thy object 7#dg74 ,having said this to ,krishna who never experiences weariness in work1 and showered blessings on him ,jamadagni's son ,rma set out for his wished-for quarter 7#dh74 ,,chapter ,,xcvii4 ,,balarama ,,gets ,,drunk4 ,vaishampayana said3--,after the departure of ,jamadagni's son ,rma1 ,rma and ,krishna1 the perpetuators of the ,yadu race1 assuming forms of their own accord began to range on the charming summit of ,gomanta 7#a74 ,wearing on their breast garlands of wild flowers1 clad in dark-blue and yellow apparels and with their body besmeared with metalic discharges those two youths1 of dark-blue and white persons1 began to range1 with a view to sport in the charming forests on the summit and see the sun and moon1 the lords of luminous bodies at the time of the rising and setting of planets 7#b-d74 ,thereupon once on a time while separated from ,krishna the powerful and beautiful ,sangkarshana1 ranging on the summit of the mountain1 sat under a charming shade of a blossoming ,kadamva tree1 sweet-scented wind began to fan him 7#e-f74 ,thus served by the wind and smell of wine touching his nostril he felt a hankering for wine and his mouth began to dry up like one who had excessively drunk in the previous day 7#g-h74 ,thereupon recollecting the drinking of ambrosia in the days of yore1 he1 searching the wine1 saw the ,kadamva tree 7#i74 ,deposited in its cave1 the water1 that the clouds showered on the tree in the rains1 had become a delightful wine 7#aj74 ,the powerful ,baladeva was over-powered by thirst1 so drinking that wine again and again1 like a sick person drinking water he grew inebriete and his body began to reel 7#aa74 ,on account of his being drunk his eyes and face1 resembling an autumnal moon1 began to roll 7#ab74 ,the goddess ,vruni1 who was the churning rod of ambrosia unto the gods1 was born in that ,kadamva cave in the shape of wine4 ,and so she passed by the name of ,kdamvari 7#ac74 ,inebriete with ,kdamvari wine while ,krishna's elder brother began to speak in indistinct but sweet words the wine incarnate ,knti1 the beloved spouse of the moon1 the goddess ,sree the foremost of damsels having the emblem of a cloud on her flag1 these three celestial ladies approached him with sweet words 7#ad-af74 ,first of all coming before the inebriete son of ,rohini the goddess ,vruni1 with folded hands1 addressed to him words conducive to her own well-being 7#af73--,o ,baladeva1 ,o foremost of gods1 do thou consume the host of ,daityas4 ,i am here thy beloved lady ,vruni 7#ag74 ,o thou having a pure countenance1 thou used always to reside by the forest fire1 but now thou hast disappeared4 ,hearing this1 ,i am ranging on the face of the earth like one whose religious merit has been dissipated 7#ah74 ,for a long time ,i lived in the filaments of flowers and spring flowers whose bunches were never touched4 ,but ,i am fond of pleasures1 therefore at the advent of the rains1 hiding my own true form ,i was lying in the ,kadamva cave in expectation of thy arrival stricken with thirst 7#ai-bj74 ,o sinless one1 as ,i was despatched with consummate beauty reigning over all my limbs1 by my father ,varuna at the time of the churning for ambrosia1 so ,i have been sent by him now 7#ba74 ,o lord1 thou art my beloved preceptor1 so ,i wish to live by thee as ,i was residing by the forest fire in the ocean 7#bb74 ,o god1 ,o sinless ,ananta1 save thee ,i shall not be able to serve any other people4 ,and so ,i shall not leave thee even if thou dost remonstrate with me 7#bc74 ,with her eyes rolling a little and her hip moving in drunkenness1 the goddess incarnate of beauty1 ,knti1 exclaiming ,may victory crown ,rma1 approached ,sangkarsna1 who was seated there and lovingly addressed to him with folded-hands the following words pregnant with significance 7#bd-bf74 ,i regard the highly powerful god ,ananta of thousand heads more than the moon4 ,therefore with all my accomplishments ,i am following thee like wine 7#bg74 ,thereupon ,kamal1 the abode of lotuses who always lives on ,vishnu's breast1 placed herself on the breast of the holder of plough-share like a garland of pure flowers 7#bh74 ,taking a garland of pure flowers1 placing herself on the breast of the lotus-faced ,baladeva1 the well-adorned ,kamal1 with a lotus in her hand1 said 7#bi73--,o ,rma1 ,o beautiful ,rma1 united with ,vruni1 ,knti and myself thou dost1 ,o king of gods1 appear beautiful like the moon 7#cj74 ,this is thy crown1 ,i have brought from the abode of ,varuna1 which used to shine over thy thousand heads like the sun 7#ca74 ,o thou having lotus eyes1 the golden ,kundalas crested with diamonds and the celestial first lotus1 which were thy ear ornaments 7have also been brought7 7#cb74 ,the blue silken apparel1 worthy of the ocean1 which was in it and the beautiful neck-chain 7have also been brought7 7#cc74 ,o god1 ,o thou having large arms1 now thy proper time has come4 ,do thou1 as before1 adorn thyself with these ornaments and do them honor 7#cd74 ,the goddess ,sree having said this1 ,baladeva1 accepting those ornaments and the three celestial damsels1 shone like the autumnal moon 7#ce74 ,thereupon united with the slayer of ,madhu resembling a cloud surcharged with water he attained to great delight like the moon released from ,rhu 7#cf74 ,one day while they were conversing as they always do at home ,vinat's son1 who had just returned from the battle-field1 whose body was wounded with the strokes of weapons1 who wore celestial garlands and unguents and who used to speak highly of the victory of gods1 came there quickly4 7#cg-ch74 ,when the ,lord ,vishnu was asleep in the abode of ,varuna in the ocean of milk1 ,virochanana's son pilfered his crown 7#ci74 ,for that crown of ,vishnu1 ,garuda1 the foremost of birds1 fought a dreadful battle with the ,daityas in that ocean1 and securing it and not seeing ,vishnu there1 he was1 with great force1 passing through the surface of the earth1 on his way to the celestial region 7#dj-da74 ,while proceeding with that effulgent crown on his lap1 ,vinat's son arrived there and saw his master ,vishnu engaged in another work 7#db74 ,beholding ,vishnu in a human form on that best of mountains1 without any diadem on his head and with out any visible dress and apprised of his intention that foremost of birds threw from the welkin that crown on ,vishnu's head in such a way as if it had been attached to his head from before4 ,and placed upon ,mdhava's head that diadem shone there like the mid-day sun on the summit of the mount ,sumeru 7#dc-de74 ,beholding his own diadem brought by ,vinat's son1 ,krishna1 with a delighted face1 said to ,rma3--7#df74 ,while arrangements for a battle have been completed on this mountain1 methinks1 the accomplishment of the work of gods is near at hand 7#dg74 ,when ,i fell asleep in the ocean1 ,virochana's son1 assuming a celestial form like that of the king of gods1 stole away my diadem and took it away like a planet4 ,garuda has brought this back 7to me7 7#dh-di74 ,i think it for certain that ,jarsandha is near at hand1 for the tops of the cars1 fleet as the wind1 are being seen now 7#ej74 ,behold1 ,o reverend sir1 there shine the moon-like umbrellas and well-arranged armies of the kings desirous of achieving victory 7#ea74 ,the white1 clean and flying umbrellas1 on the cars of the kings1 are coming towards us like cranes in the sky 7#eb74 ,united with the lustre of the sun the effulgence of the weapons shining like the celestial region1 is moving about in ten cardinal points 7#ec74 ,when in the midst of battle the kings will aim at me and discharge these weapons1 they will forsooth be destroyed 7#ed74 ,in proper time the ,emperor ,jarsandha has come4 ,he is our first guest in battle and is like a touch-stone for testing our military skill 7#ee74 ,o reverend sir1 as long as ,jarsandha does not come we should not commence the battle4 ,let us therefore get ready and search for our soldiers 7#ef74 ,saying this and desirous of entering into a battle and of slaying ,jarsandha ,krishna began quietly to survey his troops 7#eg74 ,beholding those kings that eternal ,yadu ,chief began to recapitulate within himself the counsels that were held before in the celestial region 7#eh74 ,all these kings have arrived1 who1 observant of their royal duties1 will be slain by actions laid down in ,scriptures 7#ei74 ,i consider these leading kings sprinkled with water by ,death himself like sacrificial beasts and their bodies are turned towards heaven 7#fj74 ,her surface being thickly covered with their armies and territories the ,earth1 worn out with the weight of these kings and their forces1 had repaired to the celestial region4 ,however in no time the surface of the earth will be divested of men and the welkin will be filled with kings 7#fb-fb74 ,,chapter ,,xcviii4 ,,jarasandha',s ,,instructions ,,to ,,the ,,kings4 ,vaishampayana said3--,surrounded by his four-fold forces moving like the ocean1 the highly effulgent and powerful king ,jarsandha1 observant of vows and the leader of kings1 arrived there4 ,he had with him war-chariots drawn by spirited horses1 trained by expert warriors whose course was not impeded any where1 cloud-like elephants1 adorned with bells1 carrying a golden room with warriors proud of battle and driven by clever drivers1 horses leaping and fleet like the wind governed by clever drivers and numberless infantry armed with swords1 daggers and leathern fences who could leap even high up into the the sky4 ,a host of kings also followed him 7#a-f74 ,all the caves of that best of mountains and all the quarters echoing with the clatter of car wheels resembling the muttering of clouds1 the noise of the elephants in rut1 the neighings of the horses and the leonine shouts of the infantry1 the emperor ,jarsandha1 with his army1 was seen there like an ocean 7#g-h74 ,striking this palms against each other and slapping their arms that army of the kings1 abounding in delighted warriors1 shone there like an army of clouds 7#i74 ,that army1 variegated with cars1 fleet like the wind1 with elephants resembling the clouds1 with horses resembling white clouds and with well dressed infantry1 shone like clouds kissing the ocean after the termination of the rainy season 7#aj-aa74 ,thereupon those powerful kings1 headed by ,jarsandha1 encamped encircling that mountain 7#ab74 ,at that time the encampment of those kings lying outside shone like the full ocean during the full moon 7#ac74 ,after the expiration of the night1 the kings1 having performed the auspicious ceremony of ,koutuka1 rose up for ascending the hill for fight 7#ad74 ,having assembled at the valley of the mountain they1 out of curiosity1 began to hold counsels befitting the hour of battle 7#ae74 ,there was heard thus a great tumult like that of the upheaving of the ocean at the time of the dissolution of the world 7#af74 ,with ,kanchika turbans on their heads and canes in their hands the warders began to move about on all sides exclaiming ,ma i4e4 7do not make noise7 7#ag74 ,that army1 hushed into silence1 imitated the form of the ocean abounding in fishes and huge serpents 7#ah74 ,when informed of the mandate of the king that ocean-like army stood silent and motionless the king ,jarshdha1 like the preceptor of the gods1 addressed them1 saying 7#ai73--,united soon let the armies of the kings completely besiege this mountain 7#bj74 ,let rocky weapons and clubs be got ready and prshas and ,tomaras be placed on high 7#ba74 ,in order to throw up let artizans make ready means of obstructing the speedy fall of weapons 7#bb74 ,let what1 the king of ,chedi speaks to heroes engaged in fighting with one another1 and inebriete with desire for battle1 be carried out 7#bc74 ,rive this foremost of mountains with ,tankas and ,khanitras and let kings1 expert in fighting1 be placed at no distance 7#bd74 ,as long as ,i do not kill the two sons of ,vasudeva let my army remain besieging the mountain 7#be74 ,you will so besiege this mountain sprung from rocks and you will so obstruct the sky with arrows that even the birds may not go out of it 7#bf74 ,let the kings1 at my command1 wait at the base of the mountain and get up on it as soon as an opportunity presents itself 7#bg74 ,let ,madra1 the king of ,kalinga1 ,chekitn1 the king of ,valhika1 ,gonarda the king of ,kshmira1 the king of ,karusha1 ,druma of ,kimpurush1 and mountainous tribes ascend the mountain from the other side 7#bh-bi74 ,let ,venudari of the ,puru race1 ,vidarbha1 king ,somaka1 ,bhoja1 king ,rukshmi1 ,mlava1 ,suryaksha1 ,drupada1 the king of ,panchala1 ,vinda and ,anuvinda of ,avanti province1 the energetic ,dantavakra1 ,chhgali1 ,purumitra1 the emperor ,virat1 the king of ,koushmvi1 ,mlava1 ,shrutadhanw1 ,veduratha1 the king of ,trigarta1 ,bhurisrava1 ,vana and ,panchnava1 let these kings1 powerful like thunderbolt and expert in capturing a fort1 get up on this mountain from the north and assail it 7#cj-cc74 ,let ,ansumna's heroic son ,kaitaveya1 ,uluka1 ,ekalavya1 ,dridaksha1 ,jayadratha1 ever observant of ,kshatriya duties1 ,uttamouj1 ,shlwa1 the king of ,kerala1 ,koushika1 ,vmadeva1 the king of ,vidish and powerful ,sukeshi get upon the mountain from the east and rive it as the wind dissipates the clouds 7#cd-cf74 ,myself1 ,darada and the powerful king of ,chedi1 shall rive the western side of the mountain 7#cg74 ,in this way let the mountain be beseiged completely on all sides by our men and entertain a terrible fright as from the fall of a thunder-bolt 7#ch74 ,let the holders of clubs with clubs1 ,parigha-holders with ,parighas and other warriors with diverse other weapons rend this foremost of mountains 7#ci74 ,o ye kings1 you shall have1 even to day to level this mountain abounding in high1 uneven and dangerous rocks 7#dj74 ,as the oceans lie encircling the earth1 so those kings1 at the command of ,jarsandha1 stood encircling the mount ,gomanta 7#da74 ,thereupon the king of ,chedi1 like unto ,indra the king of gods1 said3--,what is the use of capturing like a fort this foremost of mountains ,gomanta impassable with high trees and abounding in high summits4 ,covering it on all sides with twigs and woods we shall burn it even this very day4 ,what is the use of making any other effort8 ,besides the ,kshatriyas are tender and they fight with arrows in battle4 ,we should not engage them to fight on foot in a mountain4 ,by besieging or rising above it even the gods cannot rend this mountain4 ,o king1 to lay a siege is proper when capturing a fort 7#db-df74 ,those1 who take shelter on a mountain1 yield when they fall short of food1 water and fuels4 ,although we are many in number we should not disregard the two ,yadavas stationed in fight4 ,this is not a wise policy4 ,we do not know the strength of those two ,yadavas4 ,by their actions they have acquired celestial reputation4 ,and although they are boys they accomplish many difficult feats 7#dg-di74 ,placing all round this mountain dried grass and woods we shall set fire to them4 ,consumed thereby they will give up their life 7#ej74 ,if on being burnt they come out of the mountain and approach us we shall1 all united1 kill them and they too will meet with death 7#ea74 ,the kings with all the soldiers liked what the king of ,chedi said for their well-being 7#eb74 ,thereupon as a cloud is stricken with the rays of the sun so that mountain was ablaze with with dried woods1 grass and twigs 7#ec74 ,according to the course of the wind and place the light-handed kings set fire on all sides of that mountain 7#ed74 ,then the fire1 excited by the wind1 conflagrated on all sides1 and with the lustre its flames1 accompanied by smokes1 beautified the sky 7#ee74 ,thus the fire1 begotten by the collection of woods1 began to burn up the beautiful mountain ,gomanta abounding in beautiful trees 7#ef74 ,and that burning mountain being rent assunder into a hundred 7pieces7 huge rocks began to come out from all sides1 looking like huge fire brands 7#eg74 ,as the sun1 with its lustre1 lights up the clouds1 so the fire lighted up the mountain with its rising flames 7#eh74 ,it appeared as if pained with molten metals1 burning trees and agitated beasts that mountain was weeping 7#ei74 ,from that heated mountain which was being consumed by fire began to come out molten metals of golden1 dark-blue and silvery hues 7#fj74 ,with its half enshrouded with the darkness of smoke1 that mountain1 covered with flames of fire1 was shorn of beauty like disappearing clouds 7#fa74 ,with the detached collection of rocks and the dreadful down-pour of embers that mountain appeared like a cloud accompanied by a shower of fire-brands 7#fb74 ,with springs of water rising up and enveloped with smokes the mount ,gomanta appeared to have been consumed by the fire of dissolution 7#fc74 ,with half of this body burnt1 serpents1 having huge hoods1 overwhelmed1 with anxious eyes and sighing1 began again and again to leap up and fall down with their heads bent downwards 7#fd74 ,assailed by fire and excited the lions and tigers began to cry and the trees began to yeild juice consequent upon burning 7#fe74 ,rendered coppery with ashes and embers the wind began to rise and cover the sky1 with smokes1 like clouds 7#fg74 ,on account of the spread of fire the birds and beasts left the table-lands and the mountain became agitated 7#fh74 ,as if rent by the thunder-bolt of ,vsava that mountain1 abounding in shaken and high rocks1 began to throw out rocks 7#fi74 ,thus setting fire to that mountain and themselves distressed by it the ,kshatriyas retreated to a distance of a mile 7#gj74 ,when that foremost of mountains was thus burnt the great trees were so scorched that none could look at them1 and the root 7of the mountain7 was slackened1 ,rma in anger1 said to the lotus-eyed ,krishna1 the slayer of ,madhu 7#ga-gb74 ,o my brother ,krishna1 on account of their enmity towards us the enemies are consuming this mountain along with its table-lands1 summits and trees 7#gc74 ,behold ,o ,krishna1 the leading twice-born ones1 who are living in the forest of the mountain assailed by fire and covered with smokes1 are as if weeping 7#gd71 ,o brother1 if this ,gomanta is burnt down on our account we shall acquire great censure and blame in the world 7#ge74 ,therefore ,o foremost of warriors1 in order to satisfy our debt to this mountain whose shelter we have taken we shall destroy the ,kshatriyas with our very arms 7#gf74 ,setting fire to this mountain these foremost of car-warriors1 the ,kshatriays1 well armed1 are signifying their desire for battle4 7,we shall despatch them to the abode ,yama7 7#gg74 ,saying this ,keshava's elder brother1 bedecked with a garland of wild flowers1 beautiful ,kundalas and crown1 inebriete with ,kdamvari wine1 resembling an autumnal moon1 clad in a blue raiment1 of white face1 the beautiful ,baladeva jumped down in the midst of kings from the summit of ,gomanta like the moon from the summit of ,sumeru 7#gh-hj74 ,when ,rma leaped down1 the beautiful ,krishna1 too of incomparable energy1 resembling a dark-blue cloud1 jumped down from the summit of ,gomanta 7#ha74 ,thereat the divine ,hari1 assailing that foremost of mountains with his two feet1 its four sides were broken down 7#hb74 ,thereupon1 water1 issuing from its rocks1 resembling elephants in rut1 immediately extinguished that fire as the sun1 at the end of a cycle1 puts down the fire of dissolution with showers4 ,having thus put down the fire the powerful lotus-eyed ,krishna1 of a gentle face and leonine voice1 carrying a beautiful diadem like that of the thousand eyed deity and bearing the mystic mark of ,srivatsa on his breast1 followed ,rma by jumping4 ,when they got down the foremost of mountains1 assailed with their foot-steps1 began to yield water for extinguishing the flaming fire4 ,beholding that fire extinguished by water the kings too grew terrified 7#hc-hg74 ,,chapter ,,xcix4 ,,krishna ,,meets ,,his ,,enemy4 ,vaishampayana said3--,beholding the two sons of ,vasudeva come down from the mountain the soldiers of the kings grew terrified and the animals bewildered 7#a74 ,although they had no other weapons but their arms they began to move about there in anger like two ,makaras that agitate the ocean 7#b74 ,when they began to range there desirous of fighting there arose in them their respective ancient intelligence regarding the handling of weapons 7#c74 ,the weapons1 which they had obtained before in their encounter at ,mathura1 came down from the sky like burning flames before the very eyes of the assembled kings4 ,the huge bodily weapons1 which the two ,ydavas obtained1 came down from the sky1 as if filled with thirst and the desire of feeding upon human flesh4 ,they1 adorned with celestial garlands1 lighted up the ten quarters with their lustre and terrified the sky-ranging ones4 ,beasts of prey followed them with a view to feed upon royal flesh 7#d-h74 ,when in that great battle came down for the two ,yadavas four powerful ,vaishnava weapons namely1 the plough-share ,samvartaka1 the mace ,sounanda1 the discus ,sudarshana1 and the club ,koumodaki the powerful ,rma1 the foremost of ,stwatas1 first of all1 took up with his left hand the plough-share embellished with celestial garlands and moving obliquely like a serpent and with his right hand1 the best of maces ,saunanda that creates depression in the enemies 7#i-ab74 ,keshava1 with delight1 took up the discus ,sudarshana which is worthy of being looked at by all the worlds and effulgent like the sun 7#ac74 ,the other hand of ,krishna1 the necessity of whose incarnation was known to the gods1 was bedecked with the club ,koumodaki 7#ad74 ,thus armed the heroic ,rma and ,govinda1 the very incarnations of ,vishnu1 began to withstand the enemies in battle 7#ae74 ,displaying their prowess like two gods1 the two heroic sons of ,vasudeva1 designated as the younger and the elder brothers and although one in ,vishnu1 divided into two as men under the names of ,rma and ,govinda and dependant on each other1 began to range in the battle-field withstanding the enemies 7#af-ag74 ,thereupon raising up his plough-share in anger1 resembling the belly of a crow the heroic ,rma began to move about in the battle-field like the very ,death of the enemies4 ,and dragging the cars of the highly powerful ,kshatriyas he began to give effect to his anger on the horses and the elephants 7#ah-ai74 ,ranging in that battle-field and assailing with the strokes of his mace mountain-like elephants thrown up with his plough share he began as if to churn them 7#bj74 ,thereupon the leading ,kshatriyas1 who were on the point of being slain by ,rma1 left their cars in fear1 and went to ,jarsandha4 ,thereat the king ,jarsandha1 ever observant of ,kshatriya duties1 said to them3--,o fie on your conduct as ,kshatriyas grown tired of battle 7#ba-bb74 ,the sages say that those1 who albeit powerful fly away from the battle-field leaving their cars behind1 are visited by the sin of destroying an embryo4 ,do you not know this 7#bc78 ,fie on your conduct as ,kshatriyas4 ,why do ye fly away in fear of a milk-herd of limited power who fights on foot 7#bd78 ,do ye return soon according to my order1 or you need not fight1 but wait in the battle-field as spectators4 ,i shall myself despatch those two cow-herd boys to the abode of ,yama 7#be74 ,thus excited by ,jarsandha the ,kshatryas delightedly rallied round and engaged in fight with a downpour of arrows 7#bf74 ,with coats of mail1 ,nishtringsas1 weapons1 quivers1 arrows and bows1 set with strings1 horses adorned with golden reins1 cars of moon-like lustre and cloud-like elephants driven by ,mahmtras they again set out for the battle-field 7#bg-bh74 ,covered with rising umbrellas and fanned with beautiful chowries the kings1 stationed on cars1 shone greatly in beauty in the battle-field 7#bi74 ,the foremost of warriors1 the two heroic sons of ,vasudeva1 ,rma and ,keshava were seen ranging about with a desire of fighting as soon as they got down in the battle-field 7#cj74 ,thereupon there took place a terrible encounter between them and the kings1 accompanied with a profuse discharge of shafts and strokes of clubs 7#ca74 ,those two heroic descendants of the ,yadu race bore thousands of arrows shot by the kings like two mountains sprinkled with rain4 ,although assailed by heavy clubs and maces they did not tremble 7#cb-cc74 ,thereupon the highly-powerful ,krishna1 resembling a cloud and holding conch1 discus and club in his hand1 increased his body like a cloud accompanied by wind4 ,and with his discus effulgent like the sun he began to cut down men1 horses1 elephants and mighty car-warriors 7#cd-ce74 ,on the other side1 ,rma too so dragged the kings with his plough share and so struck them with his club1 that they1 deprived of consciousness1 could not stand in the battle-field 7#cf74 ,the car-wheels being obstructed the variegated chariots of the kings were broken down and could not go on in the battle-field 7#cg74 ,having their tusks broken down with the strokes of maces1 ,hastihnaya elephants began to fly away from the battle-field with a great noise like the autumnal clouds 7#ch74 ,assailed by the flames of the fire wrought by the discus1 the cavalry and the infantry began to breathe their last like those struck down by thunder-bolts 7#ci74 ,struck and grinded with the plough-share the entire host of the royal army appeared like creatures at the time of the universal dissolution 7#dj74 ,what to speak of fighting the kings could not even look at the battle-field1 the sporting ground of the celestial weapons of ,vishnu incarnate 7#da74 ,some of the cars were completely crushed down1 of some the kings were killed and some1 with one wheel broken down1 lay upset on the surface of the earth 7#db74 ,in that dreadful battle of discus and plough-share portendous ,rkshasas were seen 7#dc74 ,so great was the number of upturned cars1 elephants1 horses1 and men1 who1 on being assailed1 were plaintively bewailing that even with great care it could not be ascertained 7#dd74 ,saturated with the blood of the wounded kings the battle-field appeared like a damsel besmeared with sandal paste 7#de74 ,the battle-field was covered with the hairs1 bones1 fat1 entrails and blood of horses1 elephants and men 7#df74 ,the battle-field was destructive of the men and animals of the kings1 was filled with inauspicious cries and bewailings of the jackals1 was crested with lakes of blood1 was like the sporting-ground of ,death1 was covered with the bones of elephants1 with warriors having their arms cut off and wounded horses and was echoing with the cries of vultures and wolves 7#dg-di74 ,in that battle-field in which the kings were killed and death was common ,krishna1 looking like ,death himself1 moved about for killing his enemies 7#ej74 ,thereupon taking up his discus effulgent like the sun at the time of the universal dissolution and his dark iron club ,keshava stood there in the midst of the army and said 7#ea74 ,o ye heroes of firm resolution who are clever hands in the use of weapons1 though ,i1 a foot-soldier1 stand before you with my elder brother1 why do you fly away8 7#fb7 ,why does not that king ,jarsandha1 ill-fated as he is1 come before us by whom you are being protected in the battle-field8 7#ec7 ,on his saying this the powerful king ,darada ran towards ,rma of coppery eyes with a plough-share in his hand who was in the midst of the army and addressed him1 like a cultivator calling a bull1 saying3--,o ,rma1 ,o slayer of enemies1 come and fight with me 7#ed-ee74 ,thereupon there began an encounter between ,rma and ,darada1 the foremost of men1 like unto two powerful elephants 7#ef74 ,placing his plough-share on ,darada's shoulder1 ,baladeva1 the foremost of those endued with strength1 struck him with his mace 7#eg74 ,thereupon grinded by that mace and with his head cut off the king ,darada fell down on earth like a mountain1 with its half rent assunder 7#eh74 ,when that foremost of kings ,darada was slain by ,rma a dreadful1 hair-stirring encounter took place between ,rma and ,jarsandha like that between ,vitra and ,mahendra4 ,when those two heroes1 taking up huge clubs1 ran towards each other with great vigior shaking the earth they looked like two mountain summits 7#ei-fa74 ,when those two highly powerful heroes1 celebrated in the world as being most proficient in club-fighting1 ran towards each in anger like two infuriated elephants all came away from the battle-field to them 7#fb-fc74 ,thereupon thousands of ,gandharvas ,siddhas1 saints1 ,yakshas1 ,apsars and ,devas came there 7#fd74 ,o king1 at that time adorned with ,gandharvas and great saints the welkin shone greatly in beauty as if crested with luminous bodies 7#fe74 ,thereat as an elephant strikes1 with his two tusks1 his antagonist so amongst those two heroes proficient in club fighting the king ,jarsandha took possession of the eastern side and ,baladeva of the southern side2 and filling the ten quarters with their leonine shouts they struck each other 7#ff-fg74 ,in that encounter the sound of ,rin's club was heard like the clapping of a thunder-bolt1 and that of ,jarsandha was like that of the riving of a mountain 7#fh74 ,the club1 slipped off ,jarsandha's hand1 could not agitate ,rma the foremost of the wielders of club and 7firm as7 the mount ,vindhv 7#fi74 ,by virtue of his great endurance and learning ,jarsandha1 the king of ,magadha1 bore the strokes of ,rma's club and baffled them 7#gj74 ,thereupon was heard in the sky a sweet voice1 the witness of the world3--,o ,rma1 ,o conferrer of honors1 there is is no use of toiling any more4 ,the king of ,magadha is not to be slain by thee4 ,as ordained by me the king of ,magadha will1 in no time1 meet with his death 7#ga-gb74 ,hearing this ,jarsandha was possessed by absent-mindedness and ,baladeva too did not strike him4 ,then the ,vrishnis and other kings retired from the battle-field 7#gc74 ,thus1 ,o great king1 when after slaying one another for a long time1 ,jarsandha was defeated and fled away and when the other great car-warriors took to their heels1 the army was shorn of soldiers 7#gd74 ,then with their elephants1 horses and cars1 all those kings1 like unto herds of deer pursued by a tiger1 fled away in fear 7#ge74 ,that dreadful battle-field1 when left off by the royal car-warriors whose pride was humiliated1 was filled with beasts of prey and grew exceedingly terrible 7#gf74 ,o sinless one1 after the mighty car-warriors had fled away1 the highly effulgent king of ,chedi1 remembering his relationship with the ,ydavas1 approached ,krishna encircled by his ,krusha and ,chedi detachments4 ,in order to make closer the tie of relationship he said to ,govinda 7#gg-gh73--,o lord1 ,o descendant of ,yadu1 ,i am the husband of thy father's sister4 ,thou art an object of affection unto me and therefore ,i have come to thee with my army 7#gi74 ,o ,krishna1 ,i had told king ,jarsandha of limited understanding ',o you of vicious intellect1 do not quarrel with ,krishna and desist from battle' 7#hj74 ,jarsandha however disregarded my words4 ,he is therefore flying away unsuccessful from the battle-field with his followers4 ,i have also left him to-day4 ,that king is not returning to his city shorn of hostile feelings4 ,he will again disturb thee with his sinful attack 7#ha-hb74 ,therefore1 ,o ,mdhava1 do thou speedily leave this place1 strewn over with dead bodies of men1 filled with beasts of prey and resorted to by ghosts and goblins 7#hc74 ,let us go with our army and followers to the city of ,karavira and visit the king ,vsudeva ,shrigla 7#hd74 ,i have got these two cars ready for you drawn by fleet horses and consisting of daggers1 discuses1 axles and poles 7#he74 ,may good betide thee1 ,o ,krishna2 do ye get on them speedily and let us go to visit the king of ,karavira 7#hf74 ,hearing the words of the king of ,chedi1 the husband of his father's sister ,krishna1 the preceptor of the world1 with a delighted mind1 said 7#hg73--;,alas6 we were assailed with the fire of battle4 ,but thou hast sprinkled us with the water of thy words according to place and time as befits a friend 7#hh74 ,o foremost of ,chedis1 rare in the world is a person who gives vent to well-meaning and sweet words in pursunance of time and place 7#hi74 ,o king of ,chedi1 beholding thee now we think that we have got a master4 ,there will be nothing unattainable by us since a king1 like thyself1 is our friend 7#ij74 ,o thou the perpetuater of the ,chedi race1 while thou hast become our help we shall be able to slay ,jarsandha and other kings like him 7#ia74 ,o lord of ,chedi1 amongst kings1 thou art the first friend of the ,yadus and therefore thou shouldst superintend all other battles which will take place hereafter 7#ib74 ,amongs the war-like kings who will survive us those1 who will describe this battle of discus and mace and the defeat of the kings on the mount ,gomanta1 will repair to the celestial region4 ,and they too1 who will think of it1 will also go 7#ic-id74 ,o king of ,chedi1 by the way pointed out by thee1 we shall repair to the city of ,karavira for our own well being 7#ie74 ,thereupon mounting a car drawn by horses fleet like the wind they passed over a long distance like three fires incarnate 7#if74 ,spending three nights on the way those three celestial-like heroes reached the foremost of cities ,karavira on the fourth day and entered the auspicious place for their well-being 7#ig74 ,a species of elephants4 ,this is one of the finest breeds1 invaluable in a battle-field4 ,,chapter ,c4 ,,battle ,,with ,,shrigala4 ,vaishampayana said3--,being informed of their arrival and thinking that they would attack the city1 king ,shrigla1 terrible in battle and endued with the prowess of ,indra1 issued 7out of the city7 7#a74 ,mounting a car filled with weapons1 having the clatter of its axles for its smiles1 adorned with variegated ornaments1 filled with inexhaustible arrows and quivers1 making a sound like that of the ocean1 drawn by quick-coursing horses1 embellished with strong golden axles1 coursing like ,garuda1 governed by reins resembling the rays of the sun1 effulgent like the sun and resembling the car of ,indra he issued out of the city 7#b-f74 ,in that foremost of cars capable of striking the chariots of the enemies ,shrigla approached ,krishna like an insect approaching a flame 7#g74 ,bedecked with sharpened arrows1 coats of mail1 golden garlands1 a white cloth and an ,ushnisha 7turban7 the king ,shrigla1 with a bow in his hand and having fiery eyes1 began again and again to whirl his bow endued with the qualities of a lightning4 ,and vomitting air begotten by anger1 and effulgent like the flames of fire and burning in the lustre of his ornaments he was seen on the car like ,sumeru the foremost of mountains 7#h-aj74 ,stricken with fear at his shouts and the clatter of his car-wheels the ,earth sank under his weight 7#aa74 ,beholding the beautiful ,shrigala approach like unto a patriarch and the incarnation of a mountain ,vsudeva was not pained 7#ab74 ,gradually under the influence of ire ,shrigla1 desirous of fighting1 approached ,vsudeva by the help of a quick-coursing car 7#ac74 ,when beholding ,vsudeva seated at ease1 ,shrigla ran towards him like unto clouds ranging towards a mountain4 ,vsudeva1 smiling a little1 addressed himself too for giving him a return battle4 ,thereupon there took place a dreadful encounter between them like that of two infuriated elephants in a forest 7#ad-ae74 ,out of ignorance1 the energetic ,shrigla1 fond of war and proud of his position1 said to ,krishna who was present for battle 7#af74 ,o ,krishna1 ,i have heard of thy work in the weak army of the stupid kings on the mount ,gomanta who had no leader4 ,i have heard too of the defeat of the useless ,kshatriyas inexperienced in war and worthy of pity 7#ag-ah74 ,however ,i am now stationed in the dignity of the emperor of the world1 do thou wait before me4 ,thou art not expert in the art of war4 ,surely wilt thou fly away when ,i will obstruct thee 7#ai74 ,thou art alone and ,i am with my army2 so ,i should not fight with thee in this way4 ,come1 ,i shall alone fight with thee2 what is the use of other inferior men8 ,we shall both engage in fight and one of us will meet with his death in a fair fight 7#bj-ba74 ,if thou art slain1 ,o ,krishna1 ,i shall be the only ,vsudeva in the world4 ,and if ,i am slain thou shalt be the only one 7#bb74 ,hearing those words of ,shrigala and saying ,strike me as you wish the forgiving ,mdhava held up his discus 7#bc74 ,thereupon losing his sense in anger in the battle field ,shrigla1 of limited prowess1 discharged a net of arrows at ,krishna 7#bd74 ,the powerful ,shrigla showered on ,krishna mace and various other weapons4 ,and albeit ruthlessly assailed with weapons covered with flames of fire ,krishna stood there motionless like a mountain 7#be-bf74 ,thus attacked again and again he was filled with wrath4 ,and holding up his discus he hurled it at ,shrigala's breast 7#bg74 ,having slain the highly powerful ,shrigla1 fearful in battle1 of growing pride and ever observant of ,kshatriya duties1 the discus ,sudarshana returned to its preceptor's hand4 ,shrigala too1 having his heart pierced by the discus1 shorn of life and joy1 fell down1 bleeding like a cleft mountain 7#bh-bi74 ,beholding the king fallen like a mountain struck down by a thunder-bolt his soldiers lost heart and fled away1 on the death of their king 7#cj74 ,some1 assailed by grief consequent upon the death of their lord and greatly stricken with sorrow1 entered into the city and began to weep there 7#ca74 ,some1 not being able to forsake their fallen king and performing auspicious rites1 began to bewail there with their hearts laden with grief 7#cb74 ,thereupon declaring safety unto the people assembled there with his fingers adorned with a discus having silvery handles1 the lotus-eyed ,krishna1 the slayer of his enemies1 said with a voice like the rumbling of clouds4 ,do not fear6 ,do not fear 7#cc-cd74 ,thus consoled by ,krishna1 and beholding their king1 with his breast wounded1 fallen on earth like a mountain with its summits struck down ,shrigla's subjects and ministers began to shed tears poorly and were filled with sorrow like his son 7#ce-ch74 ,hearing their cries and the hoarse noise of the citizens ,shrigla's queens1 with their sons1 came out weeping from the city 7#ci74 ,arriving at the battle-field and beholding their worthy royal husband fallen in that plight they1 striking their breasts with their hands1 began to weep plaintively 7#dj74 ,striking their breasts and tearing ruthlessly their curling hairs those women began to weep in a hoarse voice4 ,and stricken with terrible grief and with their eyes full of tears they fell down on their husband's body like uprooted and roughly handled creepers 7#da-db74 ,the eyes of the queens1 full of tears1 shone like lotuses divorced from water 7#dc74 ,beholding their husband thus fallen1 striking their breast and speaking of his actions they began to bewail plaintively 7#dd74 ,thereupon taking their weeping boy by name ,shakradeva1 to their husband's side1 the the ladies1 crying aloud with doubled force1 said 7#de73--,o hero1 although endued with prowess1 this thy boy son has not been able to acquire mastery over the art of administration4 ,without thee how will he be able to attain to the dignity of his father 7#df78 ,o lord1 we are not satiated with enjoying in thy company4 ,how dost thou leave us all behind simultaneously ,what shall we all do1 widows as we are 7#dg78 ,thereupon weeping and taking her son with her ,shrigla's beautiful queen ,padmvati approached ,vsudeva and said 7#dh73--,this is the son of the king1 whom1 ,o hero1 thou hast slain by thy war-like deeds4 ,he seeks thy shelter 7#di74 ,if his father had bowed unto thee and carried out thy mandate he would not have been thus assailed with one single stroke 7#ej74 ,if this wicked king had contracted friendship with thee1 he would not have1 with his life gone1 taken shelter on the surface of the earth 7#ea74 ,o hero1 ,o sinless ,krishna1 do thou protect1 like thy own son1 this son of thy dead friend1 the perpetuator of his race 7#eb74 ,hearing the words of ,shrigl's queen ,krishna1 of the ,yadu race1 the foremost of speakers1 said to her mildly 7#ec73--,o queen1 our anger is gone with this vicious-souled one4 ,we have regained our temper and we are his friends 7#ed74 ,with your gracious words1 ,o chaste lady1 my anger has been appeased2 undoubtedly this son of ,shrigla is just like mine 7#ee74 ,i declare safety unto them and gladly annoint him as the king4 ,inviting the priest1 the ministers and the subjects do thou place him on his ancestral throne4 ,thereupon in order to perform the ceremony of installation1 all the subjects1 priests and ministers appeared before ,rma and ,keshava4 ,placing the prince on the throne the powerful ,janrddana sprinkled him with celestial water4 ,having installed ,shrigla's son in the city of ,karavira ,krishana desired to go away on the very day 7#ef-ei74 ,mounting on a car drawn by horses acquired in battle ,krishna went away like ,vsava entering into the city of the celestials 7#fj74 ,placing ,shrigala1 terrible in battle1 on a conveyance1 and going to a distance in the western quarters the pious-souled ,sakradeva1 the repressor of his enemies1 along with his mother1 and subjects1 headed by boys1 aged people and youthful damsels1 performed the obsequial rites of his father according to the ordinances 7#fa-fc74 ,thereupon reciting the name of the deceased king he offered oblation of water in his favour and thousands of other funeral presents 7#fd74 ,having his mind thus worked up with sorrow consequent upon the death of his father and performed his watery ceremony the king ,sakradeva entered into his own city 7#fe74 ,,chapter ,,ci4 ,,krishna',s ,,arrival ,,at ,,mathura4 ,vaishampayana said3--,the two heroic sons of ,vasudeva1 united with ,damaghosha1 spent five nights with delight like one in the way according to the rules of a traveller4 ,and when they reached the city of ,mathur all the ,yadavas1 headed by ,ugrasena1 came out to receive them 7#a-c74 ,all the traders1 subjects1 ministers and the boys and old men of ,mathur came out to recieve them 7#d74 ,all the crossings of four streets were decorated with garlands and flags2 trumpets were beaten announcing joy and panegyrists began to sing the glories of those two foremost of men 7#e74 ,at the return of those two brothers the entire city of ,mathura appeared delighted1 joyous and beautiful as on the occasion of an ,indrayajna 7#f74 ,the songsters began to sing on highways delightful songs containing a profuse description of the glories of the ,ydavas1 announcing ,o ye ,ydavas1 the two brothers ,rma and ,govinda1 celebrated in the world1 have arrived at their own city4 ,do you sport happily 7#g-h74 ,when ,rma and ,krishna came there none in the city of ,mathur was poorly1 in dirty clothes and unconscious 7#i74 ,cows1 horses and elephants grew delightful and birds began to emit auspicious notes and men and women attained to mental felicity 7#aj74 ,auspicious winds1 shorn of dust1 began to blow in the ten quarters and all the images of deities in temples were delighted 7#aa74 ,all the signs of the ,krita age appeared there in ,mathur with their arrival 7#ab74 ,thereupon seated on a car drawn by beautiful horses ,rma and ,keshava entered the city of ,mathur in an auspicious moment 7#ac74 ,as the gods follow ,shakra the ,ydavas followed ,rma and ,govinda to the charming city 7#ad74 ,as the sun and moon enter into the mountain so those two descendants of ,yadu1 with delightful faces1 entered into the house of their sire ,vasudeva 7#ae74 ,keeping their respective weapons there of their own accord the two sons of ,vasudeva attained to consummate delight 7#af74 ,thereupon bowing unto the feet of ,vasudeva they showed proper honor to king ,ugrasena and other leading ,yadavas who were assembled there 7#ag74 ,they1 too1 welcomed by them duly in return1 delightedly entered into their mother's appartment 7#ah74 ,in this way following ,ugrasena1 ,rma and ,keshava1 of extraordinary deeds and beautiful faces1 spent some days happily in ,mathur 7#ai74 ,,chapter ,,cii4 ,,baladeva ,,visits ,,vraja4 ,vaishampayana said3--,after some days had thus elapsed1 ,rma1 recollecting his friendship with ,gopas1 alone went to ,vraja with ,krishna's consent 7#a74 ,clad in a beautifully wild attire and quickly entering into ,vraja ,krishna's elder brother1 the slayer of his enemies1 saw first his charming and extensive forest that had been enjoyed by him before and the well-scented tanks 7#b-c74 ,thereupon delighting the ,gopas with his sweet behaviour according to age and previous conduct he held various charming conversations with the milk-women 7#d-e74 ,thereupon the elderly milk-men said to ,rma1 the foremost of sporters1 who had just returned from a foreign land in sweet words 7#f74 ,welcome to thee1 ,o thou of large arms1 ,o descendant of ,yadu4 ,we have been pleased with seeing thee to-day 7#g74 ,o hero1 thou art dreadful unto enemies and celebrated in the three worlds4 ,we have been pleased for thy return to ,vraja 7#h74 ,o hero1 ,o descendant of ,yadu1 we deserve protection from thee or 7it may be7 that creatures cherish attachment for their native place 7#i74 ,o thou of a pure countenance1 no sooner we desired for thy arrival than thou hadst come and seen us4 ,forsooth we have been rendered worthy of the honor of gods 7#aj74 ,by thy good luck and by thy own greatness the wrestlers and ,kansa were slain and ,ugrasena has been installed as a king 7#aa74 ,we have heard of thy encounter1 in the ocean1 with ,timi-like ,panchajana1 of his destruction and thy battle with ,jarsandha and other ,kshatriyas on ,gomanta 7#ab74 ,we have also heard of ,darada's death1 ,jarsandha's defeat and of the descension of weapons in that great battle 7#ac74 ,o hero1 we have also heard1 that slaying the king ,shrigla in the charming city of ,karavira thou didst place his son on the throne and console the subjects 7#ad74 ,thy entrance into the city of ,mathura is worthy of being narrated even by the gods4 ,by it the earth has been established and all the kings have been brought to subjection 7#ae74 ,with thy arrival here1 we have been1 along with our friends1 pleased1 delighted and favoured as before 7#af74 ,rma then replied to all the ,gopas stationed around him saying3--,you are our better friends than even the ,ydavas 7#ag74 ,we had been reared by you and spent our boyhood in sporting here 7#ah74 ,we took our meals in your houses and tended the kine4 ,you all are our firm friends 7#ai74 ,when ,halyudha gave vent to these words in the midst of ,gopas1 marks of joy were visible on the faces of their women 7#bj74 ,thereupon repairing to the forest1 the highly powerful ,rma1 conversant with the knowledge of spirit1 began to sport there with ,gopa women 7#ba74 ,then the milk-men1 conversant with the knowledge of time and place1 brought ,vruni wine to him4 ,rma1 of the hue of a pale cloud1 drank that wine in the forest along with his friends4 ,thereafter the cow-herds brought to him diverse beautiful forest fruits1 flowers1 meat1 sweet juice and full blown lotuses and lilies just collected4 ,as the mount ,mandara is adorned by the ,kailga hill so ,rma shone1 with ,kundalas hanging from his cars1 with diadem placed a little askance1 with locks and head and breast besmeared with sandal and decked with garlands of wild flowers4 ,clad in an apparel dark-blue like a cloud his white person appeared like the moon enshrouded by darkness4 ,the plough-share1 attached to his hands like the hood of a serpent and the burning mace fixed to his finger1 increased his beauty the more4 ,thus with his eyes rolling in intoxication1 ,rma1 the foremost of the strong1 began to enjoy there like the moon in an autumnal night 7#bb-bi74 ,thereupon ,rma said to ,yamun3--,o great river1 going to the ocean1 ,i wish to marry you by bathing in your water2 come to me therefore in your bodily form 7#cj74 ,out of her womanish habit and ignorance ,yamun disregarded his words as being the out-come of drunkenness and did not come to him 7#ca74 ,thereat filled with anger and maddened with drunkenness the powerful ,rma took up his plough share and sat with his head looking down in order to drag her 7#cb74 ,the garland of flowers1 that fell down on earth1 began to pour1 through the leaves1 clear water 7#cc74 ,there upon bending down the head of his plough-share ,rma began to drag the bank of the great river like unto a wife following her inclination 7#cd74 ,at that time the currents of the river were upset and all the fishes and the acquatic animals grew bewildered4 ,and ,yamun too followed the course of the plough-share 7#ce74 ,dragged with force by ,rma the powerful river ,yamun1 going to the ocean1 like unto a drunk woman going astray in a high-road and over whelmed with fear1 began to follow the way pointed out by the plough-share4 ,she had the bank for her hip1 dark-blue lotuses for her lips1 the foams driven by the water for her girdle1 the grave currents for her moving limbs1 the bewildered fishes for her ornaments1 the white geese for glances1 the rising ,ksa flowers for her silken raiment1 the trees grown on her back for the ends of her hairs1 the current for her slippery gait1 and the mark of the plough-share for the outer corner of her eye1 and the ,chakravakas for her breast4 ,although she goes by the lower ground she was made to go up and brought to the forest of ,vrindavana 7#cf-da74 ,when the river ,yamun was brought to ,vrindvana the water-fowls1 as if weeping1 followed her 7#db74 ,when she crossed the forest of ,vrindvana1 ,yamun1 assuming the form of a woman1 said to ,rma 7#dc73--;,be propitiated with me1 ,o lord4 ,i have been terrified at these thy unfavourable actions4 ,behold1 this my watery form has been changed 7#dd74 ,o thou of large arms1 ,o son of ,rohini1 thou hast dragged me away from my own path4 ,therefore ,i have become unchaste amongst the rivers 7#de74 ,when ,i shall go to the ocean1 other rivers1 co-wives with me1 proud of their course1 will smile at me1 with their foams and call me an unchaste river 7#df74 ,show me the favour1 ,o hero1 ,i beg thee1 ,o elder brother1 of ,krishna4 ,be thou delighted at heart1 ,o foremost of the celestials 7#dg74 ,i have been dragged here with thy weapon4 ,do thou assuage thy ire4 ,o thou of large arms1 ,o thou1 the wielder of plough-share1 ,i fall at thy feet4 ,do thou command me1 by what path ,i shall go4 ,beholding ,yamun1 the wife of the ocean fallen at his feet the holder of plough-share1 inebriate with wine1 said 7#dh-di73--,o beautiful ,yamun of fair eye-brows1 ,o auspicious damsel seeking union with the ocean1 ,i command thee to follow the way pointed out by my plough-share and water this province4 ,be thou at peace1 ,o noble one1 and do thou proceed at thy pleasure 7#ej-ea74 ,as long as the world will exist my glory will flourish4 ,beholding the dragging of the ocean all the inhabitants of ,vraja said to ,rma1 exclaiming ,well done6 ,well done6 and bowed unto him4 ,leaving aside the noble ,yamun1 thinking for a moment and taking leave of all the inhabitants of ,vraja1 ,rma1 the foremost of strikers1 again repaired to the auspicious city of ,mathur 7#eb-ed74 ,repairing to ,mathur ,rma saw the slayer of ,madhu1 the eternal essence of the universe1 stationed in his own house 7#ee74 ,in his wild attire and with his breast covered with garlands of fresh wild flowers he embraced him 7#ef74 ,beholding the holder of plough-share ,rma arrived there ,govinda too rose up soon and offered him the seat 7#eg74 ,after ,rma had taken his seat1 ,jarsandha1 in sweet words1 enquired of him about the well-being of his ,vraja friends and cows 7#eh74 ,rma then replied to his brother of sweet words1 saying3--,o ,krishna1 they1 of whose well-being you enquire1 are all well8 7#ei7 ,thereupon ,rma and ,keshava held conversations on various ancient and profitable subjects in the very presence of ,vasudeva 7#fj74 ,,chapter ,,ciii4 ,,rukshmini',s ,,swayamvara ,vaishampayana said3--,at this time the spies assembled at the house of ,baladeva resembling that of a patriarch 7#a74 when those spies arrived there for cropping up the topic of future dissension all the leading ,ydavas were present in the assembly at ,krishna's mandate 7#b74 ,when all the leading ,ydavas assembled at the meeting1 the emissaries announced the future destruction of the kings1 saying 7#c73 ,o ,janarddana1 at the invitation of ,bhoja's son a great meeting of the kings will take place at the city of ,kundina4 ,there the kings of various provinces are repairing in haste 7#d-e74 ,people there1 as we have heard1 are announcing that ,rukshmini1 the first sister of ,rukshmi1 will hold her ,swayamvara 7#f74 ,for this1 ,o ,janrddana1 all the kings1 with their army and followers1 are repairing there 7#g74 ,o ,ydava1 on the third day hereof1 the ,swayamvara1 of ,rushmini adorned with golden ornaments1 the fairest in the three worlds1 will take place 7#h74 ,proceeding on elephants1 horses and cars1 all the kings1 elated with pride like unto lions and tigers1 bent upon injuring one another1 gifted with the gait of infuriated elephants1 fond of battle and highly powerful1 will assemble there4 ,we shall behold those hundreds of encampments of the high-souled ones 7#i-aj74 ,o descendant of ,yadu1 while all the kings of earth have assembled why should we remain depressed alone8 ,let us all1 encircled by our armies1 set out for victory 7#aa74 ,hearing those words like unto a dart stuck to the heart1 ,keshava1 the foremost of ,yadus1 set out immediately with his army 7#ab71 ,the ,ydavas too1 of fierce prowess1 got upon their cars1 with a view to engage in a battle and followed him like gods filled with pride 7#ac74 ,with that powerful army ready for action ,krishna1 with uplifted discus and mace in his hand1 and liked by ,ishna1 shone there 7#ad74 ,the other ,yadavas1 following ,vasudeva1 increased his beauty with the collection of cars effulgent like the sun and echoing with the tinkling of bells 7#ae74 ,govinda1 of sure fore-sight1 said to ,ugrasena1 at the time of his departure1 ,o sinless one1 ,o foremost of kings1 do thou wait here with my brother 7#af74 ,for when this city will be empty on our departure1 those ,khatriyas1 of deceitful conduct and well-versed in laws1 who1 although afraid of us1 are enjoying in the city of ,kundina1 like immortals in the land of celestials1 may attack it at ,jarsandha's desire 7#ag-ah74 ,vaishampayana said3--,hearing the words of ,krishna1 the highly illustrious king of ,bhoja replied in nectarine words impressed with affection 7#ai47 ,o ,krishna1 ,o thou of large arms1 ,o thou the enhancer of the delight of the ,yadus1 ,o slayer of enemies1 listen now to what ,i say 7#bj74 ,if dost thou go leaving us behind1 we shall not be able to live here happily or elsewhere like a woman without her husband 7#ba74 ,o my child1 ,o conferrer of honors1 on thy being our leader1 we do not1 under the shelter of thy arms1 fear even ,indra and other gods what to speak of kings 7#bb74 ,o foremost of ,yadus1 we shall follow thee wherever thou shalt go for achieving victory 7#bc74 ,hearing the words of the king1 ,devaki's son smilingly said3--,i should do whatever you wish4 ,there is no doubt1 about it 7#bd74 ,,chapter ,,civ4 ,,the ,,meeting ,,of ,,krishna ,,and ,,garuda4 ,vaishampayana said3--,having said this1 and set out on his car ,krishna arrived at ,bhishmaka's house in the evening 7#a74 ,when he arrived at that meeting of the kings and saw the spacious arena full of camps he was possessed by ,rajasika inclination 7#b74 ,thereupon in order to terrify the kings and display his own prowess he thought of the highly powerful son of ,vinat who had attained ,siddhi beforehand 7#c74 ,as soon as he was thought of ,vinat's son1 assuming a form that could be seen easily1 approached ,keshava 7#d74 ,with the strokes of his wings which could agitate even the wind1 all the men1 trembling and being haunch-backed1 fell down on earth4 ,and they began to exert like serpents deprived of the power of rising up4 ,beholding them all fallen ,krishna1 firm like a mountain1 came to know that the king of birds had arrived4 ,he then saw that ,garuda1 adorned with celestial garlands and unguents1 was approaching him1 shaking the earth with the flapping of his wings4 ,the weapons1 with their faces down wards1 were fixed on his back like licking serpents with a view to be favoured with the touch of ,vishnu's hand4 ,adorned with golden feathers like a mountain consisting of minerals that king of birds was dragging1 with his feet1 black serpents4 ,beholding his own carrier the intelligent ,garuda arrived and stationed before him like a god1 who brought ambrosia for him1 who was the destroyer of serpents1 the terrifier of the ,daityas1 whose emblem was on his flag-staff and who was his councillor ,madhusudana was pleased and gave vent to the following words befitting the occasion4 ,o foremost of birds1 ,o grinder of the enemies of the celestial army1 ,o delighter of ,vinat's heart1 ,o favourite of ,keshava1 thou art welcome 7#e-ac74 ,o foremost of birds1 we shall go to the house of ,kaishika and behold the ,swayamvara4 ,do thou also accompany us 7#ad74 ,there hundreds of highly powerful kings have assembled with their elephants1 horses and cars2 we shall behold those high-souled ones 7#ae74 ,saying this to the highly powerful son of of ,vinat1 the beautiful ,krishna1 of large arms1 set out for the city of the high-sould ,kaishika along with the mighty car-warriors the ,ydavas 7#af74 ,when ,devaki's son the beautiful ,krishna1 the friend of ,vinat's son1 reached the city of ,vidarbha along with the mighty car-warrior ,ydavas1 all the powerful kings1 holding all sorts of weapons1 were filled with delight and began to make arrangements for his quarters 7#ag-ah74 ,vaishampyana said3--,in the meantime the king ,kaishika1 well read in moral laws1 rose up delightedly from among the kings1 welcomed himself ,krishna with water to wash his feet and rinse his mouth and arghya and placed him in his own city 7#ai-bj74 ,like unto ,shankara entering into the ,kailca hill ,krishna1 with his army1 entered into the house that had been kept ready for him from before4 ,adored with various edibles1 drinks1 jewels1 honors and love ,vsava's younger brother ,krishna lived happily in king ,kaishika's house 7#ba-bb74 ,the word in the text is ,lohitayati ,bhaskare1 i4e41 when the sun became red like heated iron4 ,his inclination was possessed by the quality of darkness i4e41 ,he was actuated by a selfish motive but not for a sinful end4 ,,chapter ,,cv4 ,,jarasandha',s ,,adress ,,to ,,the ,,kings4 ,vaishampayana said3--,beholding the eternal ,krishna arrive there with ,vinta's son the leading kings were stricken with great anxiety 7#a74 ,o king1 those kings of dreadful prowess1 well-read in the science of ,polity and expert in counsels1 assembled at the golden assembly hall of king ,bhismaka for holding consultations4 ,as the gods sit in the celestial assembly hall so they sat there on seats variegated with coverings of diverse colors 7#a-c74 ,as the king of gods addressed the celestials so the highly powerful ,jarsandha1 of large arms and great energy1 addressed them saying 7#d74 ,o ye foremost of kings1 the best of speakers1 ,o highly intelligent ,bhishmaka1 do you all listen to what ,i say according to my own understanding 7#e74 ,this ,krishna1 the well known son of ,vasudeva1 who has come to the city of ,kundina with ,garuda and other ,ydavas1 is endued with great energy and prowess4 ,he has come here for the maiden and forsooth he will set forth mighty exertions for acquiring her 7#f-g74 ,o foremost of kings1 you should behave in this matter according to the rules of ,polity4 ,do yo all work so considering your own strength and weakness 7#h74 ,you know well the highly dreadful work which these two powerful sons of ,vasudeva performed on the mount ,gomanta without the help of ,vinat's son 7#i74 ,i cannot say how ,krishna will fight united with the mighty car-warriors of the ,yadava1 ,bhoja and ,andhaka races 7#aj74 ,when seated on ,garuda ,vishnu will set forth his exertions for acquiring the maiden1 even ,sakra1 assisted by the celestials1 or any other person1 will not be able to stand in the battle-field 7#aa74 ,when the universe was submerged under one all-spreading ocean1 the powerful ,vishnu1 the ,prime cause of the world1 assuming a boar form1 released the earth gone down to the depth of the nether region and in his same boarish form killed ,hiranyaksha the king of ,daityas 7#ab-ac74 ,the highly powerful1 uuconquerable ,daitya-king1 ,hiranyakashipu1 who did not meet with his death in the three worlds1 consisting of immortals1 ,daityas1 ,rishis1 ,gandharvas1 ,kinnaras1 ,yakshas ,rakshasas and ,ngas1 in the sky1 on the earth1 and in the nether region1 in day or in night1 from a dry or an wet article1 was slain in the days of yore by ,hari in his man-lion form 7#ad-af74 ,binding the powerful ,bali1 the foremost of ,asuras begotten by ,kagyapa on ,aditi1 with a noose of promise ,vishnu1 in his form of a dwarf1 sent him down to the nether region4 ,when at the junction of the ,tret and ,dwpara ages1 the king of seven insular continents1 the highly powerful king ,krtavirya1 endued with thousand arms1 grew elated with the pride of kingdom by ,datttreya's favour the highly energetic ,vishnu took his birth in disguise1 from ,jamadagni and ,renuk1 as ,rma1 the foremost of warriors and killed him with his axe1 hard as the thunder-bolt 7#ag-bj74 ,dasharatha's son ,rma1 born in the race of ,ikshku in the days of yore1 killed the heroic ,rvana1 the conqueror of the three worlds 7#ba74 ,in the ,tret age in the war of which ,traka was the root1 the powerful ,vishnu1 seated on ,garuda1 assuming a form of eight arms1 killed in the battle-field the ,asuras1 who were elated with the boons conferred on them4 ,by his great ,yoga power1 ,vishnu1 having an universal form1 killed1 with his discus1 effulgent like the sun1 the demon ,klanemi who terrorized the gods 7#bb-bd74 ,what more1 innumerable ,daityas have been despatched by him in time to the abode of ,yama4 ,by him as a boy in the forest1 many highly powerful and forest-ranging demons1 ,dhenuka1 ,arishtha and ,pralamva have been slain4 ,slaying in his cow-herd form ,shakuni1 ,putan1 ,keshi1 ,jamala1 ,arjuna1 the elephant ,kuvalayapida1 ,chnura1 ,mushitika and ,kansa with his followers ,devaki's son sported there4 ,in disguise thus he performed many superhuman feats 7#be-bh74 ,i consider ,devaki's son ,keshava as the first cause of the celestials1 the destroyer of the ,asuras1 as ,nryana1 the ancient ,purusha1 the ,prime cause of the universe1 as ,truth1 the creator of all creatures manifest and unmanifest1 irrepressible unto all1 the adored of all1 the first1 the middle1 as devoid of destruction1 eternal1 self-born1 unborn1 stable1 mobile and immobile1 unconquerable1 of three foot-steps1 the lord of the three worlds1 the destroyer of the enemies of the king of gods1 and the eternal ,vishnu4 ,this my sure under standing1 ,i have acquired from ,mathur 7#bi-cc74 ,can ,garuda be the carrier of a man even if he be born in the high family of a mortal ,lord ,paramount 7#cd78 ,besides when ,janarddana will display his prowess for the maiden what powerful man will be able to stand before ,garuda 7#ce78 ,forsooth ,i tell you that ,vishnu himself has come for this ,swayamvara4 ,mighty is the calamity that will befall you on his arrival here 7#cf74 ,you should do whatever you think proper after this4 ,vaishampyana said3--,after ,jarshandha1 the king of ,magadha1 had said this1 the greatly wise ,sunitha replied saying3 ,what the mighty-armed king of ,magadha has said1 is true4 ,in that great battle on the mount ,gomanta ,krishna performed many feats1 difficult of accomplishment1 before the kings 7#cg-ci74 ,with the fire of their discus and ploughshare the huge army1 of the kings1 consisting of elephants1 horses1 cars1 infantry and flags1 was consumed 7#dj74 ,remembering the dreadful plight of the soldiers of the king and fearing their future calamity the king of ,magadha is saying this 7#da74 ,though ,rma and ,keshava fought on foot in battle still the soldiers of the kings were terribly slaughtered and no body could prevent it 7#db74 ,o foremost of kings1 you all remember that the sky-rangers were overwhelmed by the wind raised by the flapping of the wings of ,suparna when he came there 7#dc74 ,the oceans were agitated and the earth and the mountains were repeatedly shaken4 ,we also were terrified thinking 'what is this calamity 7#dd78' ,when armed with his coat of mail1 ,keshava1 seated on ,garuda1 will engage in fight what man1 like ourselves1 will be able to stand in the battle-field 7#de78 ,the prime kings laid down the practice of holding ,swayamvara ever increasing delight1 the mine of piety and fame unto the kings 7#df74 ,coming to this city of ,kundina the kings will no time combat with that great hero 7#dg74 ,if this princess selects any one from amongst other kings what person will be able to stand the strength of ,krishna's arms 7#dh78 ,o kings1 although a ,swayamvara is a matter of festivity1 still it will give birth to a calamity and for this ,krishna and ourselves have met here 7#di74 ,therefore as the king of ,magadha has said1 the arrival of ,krishna here1 for the maiden1 bespeaks of a calamity that is to befall the kings 7#ej74 ,,chapter ,,cvi4 ,,dantavakras ,,speech4 ,vaishampayana said3--,after the highly powerful ,sunitha had thus expressed himself1 the heroic ,dantavakra1 the king of ,karusha said 7#a74 ,dantavakra said3--,o ye kings1 what the king of ,magadha and ,sunitha have said for our well-being appears to me as proper 7#b74 ,i cannot blame these nectarine words out of malice1 pride or of my own desire for victory 7#c74 ,who1 else save them1 can give vent1 in the midst of kings1 to such words grave like an ocean and sanctioned by the science of ,polity8 7#d74 ,listen to what ,i say which you should keep in memory4 ,o kings1 what wonder is there that ,vsudeva has come here8 7#e74 ,he has come here for this maiden as we have all done4 ,what virtue or blemish lies there8 7#f74 ,we all unitedly laid siege to ,gomanta4 ,why do you then find fault with the battle8 7#g74 ,o kings1 on account of ,kansa's foolishness those two heroes first lived in ,vrindvana 7#h74 ,thereupon in order to slay them both ,kansa invited ,rma and ,keshava and set an infuriated elephant against them4 ,slaying that elephant those two heroes entered the arena 7#i74 ,thereafter by virtue of their own prowess1 they slew ,kansa1 the king of ,mathur1 seated in the sporting arena1 like one dead1 with his followers 7#aj74 ,what offence did they commit thereby1 that we all1 elderly in age1 came to ,mathura at 7another's7 instigation 7#aa74 ,o kings1 terrified at our huge and overwhelming army1 ,rma and ,keshava1 leaving their own city and soldiers1 fled away to ,gomanta 7#ab74 ,we still pursued them there2 and though expert in the art of fighting we were defeated in the battle-field by those two boys 7#ac74 ,though they did not fight with us1 with cars1 elephants1 horses and infantry1 still1 as the ,kshatriyas should do1 we laid seige to the hill and set fire to it 7#ad74 ,o ye leading ,kshatryas1 if they had given up their life quietly in that conflagration considering it a forest fire we would have considered them humbled4 ,we blame ,janrddana because he fought against us 7#ae74 ,as the matters have now stood it appears that wherever we shall go we will pick up a quarrel4 ,let us1 therefore1 ,o king1 contract friendship with ,krishna 7#af74 ,besides1 ,krishna has not come to this city of ,kundina for picking up a quarrel4 ,he has come for the maiden4 ,why should he fight with another 7#ag78 ,krishna is not an ordinary human being4 ,he is the foremost of men in this land of mortals1 the foremost of gods in the land of celestials4 ,he is the ,deity and the ,creator of the worlds4 ,in ,god there is no malice1 pride or crookedness 7#ah-ai74 ,they are not stupified1 they do not grow lean and are not visited by any calamity4 ,they always remove the calamities of those who bow unto them4 ,in order to show his true form1 ,vishnu1 the king of gods has come here with ,garuda4 ,you should also know that ,krishna never goes with his army to slay his enemies4 ,that he has come here accompanied by the leading ,bhojas1 ,vrishnis1 ,andhakas and ,yadavas indicates his desire of contracting friendship with you 7#bj-bb74 ,therefore1 ,o kings1 let us go and offer the high-souled ,keshava hospitality with arghya and water to rinse his mouth 7#bc74 ,what more1 if we make peace with ,keshava we shall be able to live freed from anxiety and fear 7#bd74 ,hearing the words of the intelligent ,dantavakra1 ,slwa1 the foremost of speakers1 said to the kings 7#be74 ,salwa said3--,what is the use of this fear8 ,had we trembled in ,krishna's fear and thought it proper to make peace with him1 we would have left our weapons at that time 7#bf74 ,besides what is the necessity of speaking ill of our own army and extolling another8 ,such is not the duty of the ,kshatriya kings 7#bg74 ,we are all born in great royal families and have glorified our respective races4 ,why should then our sense be poorly like that of a coward 7#bh78 ,i know ,devaki's son ,krishna as the immortal1 eternal1 ,prime ,deity ,vishnu1 invincible unto the kings1 powerful1 adored of all the worlds1 ,vaikuntha and the preceptor of the entire world1 mobile and immobile 7#bi-cj74 ,i know full well all the objects of ,vishnu4 ,he has in view1 for incarnating a portion of ,his ,self1 the destruction of king ,kansa1 the relieving of the earth of her burden1 our destruction and the protection of the worlds4 7,i know also7 that a great battle will take place between ,vishnu and all the kings 7#ca-cb74 ,o kings1 ,i know truly that consumed by the fire of his discus we will go to the abode of ,yama4 ,still considering that no one meets with untimely death1 no one survives when the proper time comes and the lease of his life runs out in due time2 therefore a man should not entertain fear 7#cc-cd74 ,when the ascetic virtue of the ,daityas is annihilated the ,divine ,vishnu1 conversant with ,yoga1 brings about their destruction in proper time 7#ce74 ,this ,lord of gods sent down ,virochona's son1 the highly powerful ,bali1 to the nether region 7#cf74 ,o kings1 ,vishnu has performed many other feats like this2 you should not therefore question the subject of fighting--for ,vishnu has not come here to fight4 ,besides he1 whom the maiden will choose1 will get her4 ,what chance is there of a quarrel amongst the kings8 ,let us all be reconciled now 7#cg-ch74 ,vaishampyana said3--,the intelligent kings thus spoke amongst themselves4 ,but king ,bhishmaka did not say any thing out of regard for his son 7#ci74 ,he knew his own son to be highly-powerful1 elated with pride1 fearful in battle1 a mighty car-warrior and well protected by ,bhrgava weapons 7#dj74 ,bhishmaka said3--,my son is highly powerful and is ever arrogant4 ,he does not fear any one in battle and he won't stoop before ,krishna 7#da74 ,if ,krishna carries away the maiden by the strength of his arms forsooth a great dissension will take place amongst the powerful warriors 7#db74 ,alas1 how will this my son1 evil disposed towards ,krishna1 survive8 ,i do not see any means of his escaping with his life1 from ,keshava 7#dc74 ,alas1 how shall ,i1 for my daughter1 set my eldest son1 the enhancer of the joy of the departed manes1 in fight against ,keshava and his son 7#dd74 ,my son ,rukshavan1 elated with pride and possessed by ignorance1 who does not return from the battle-field1 does not pray for boons from ,nryana 7#de74 ,forsooth he will be consumed like cotton thrown into fire4 ,the heroic king of ,karavira ,shrigla was in no time consumed by the powerful ,keshava1 fighting in various ways4 ,while living in ,vrindavana1 the powerful ,keshava held up the mount ,govardhana with one finger for seven days4 ,remembering his superhuman feat my mind is drooping 7#df-dh74 ,coming on the mount 7,govardhana7 along with all the gods1 ,sachi's lord 7,indra71 the slayer of ,vitra1 sprinkled ,krishna and recognised him as ,upendra 7his younger brother7 7#di74 ,the dreadful ,nga ,klya1 burning in the fire of his poison and effulgent like ,death1 was subdued by ,vasudeva in the lake of ,yamun1 ,the highly powerful horse-shaped ,dnava ,keshi1 irrepressible even unto the gods1 was slain by him4 ,killing the demon of ,panchajana he brought back from the abode of ,yama ,sndipani's son who was lost in water for ever 7#ej-eb74 ,fighting with many on the mount ,gomanta both ,rma and ,keshava destroyed many horses and cars and struck terror into their enemies 7#ec74 ,there those two highly powerful sons of ,vasudeva brought about the destruction of the elephants through elephants1 that of the car-warriors through car-warriors1 that of the cavalry through cavalry and that of the infantry through infantry 7#ed74 ,the way in which they destroyed the elephants1 horses and cars in that battle1 none amongst the gods1 ,asuras1 ,gandharvas1 ,yakshas1 ,uragas1 ,rkshasas1 ,ngas1 ,daityas1 ,pichsas1 ,guhyakas has been able to imitate4 ,thinking of that battle my mind is greatly drooping 7#ee-ef74 ,i had never seen before on earth a man more powerful than ,vsudeva the foremost of the celestials nor have ,i heard that such a man was ever born in the land of immortals 7#eg74 ,truly has the mighty-armed king ,dantavakra said that we should reconciliate the highly powerful ,vsudeva for our well-being 7#eh74 ,vaishampyana said3--,having thus thought1 in his mind1 over the weakness and strength of the respective armies ,bhismaka felt a desire to go to eternal ,krishna for propitiating him 7#ei74 ,many a king1 proficient in the ,science of ,polity1 approved of his going1 and he too1 having benedictory songs sung by panegyrists and bards1 set out 7#fi74 ,after the expiration of the night all the kings1 performing their morning rites1 sat in their respective quarters 7#fa74 ,the spies1 who were sent to the city of ,vidarbha1 returned and communicated every thing secretly to their master 7#fb74 ,hearing of ,krishna's ,abhisekha from their emissaries1 some amongst those kings attained to delight and others were stricken with fear and sorrow4 ,and many paid no attention to it4 ,thus moved by the 7news of7 ,krishna's ,abhisheka the army of the kings1 abounding in men1 horses and elephants1 was agitated like a huge ocean and divided into three divisions 7#fd74 ,marking the division of the kings1 the foremost of kings ,bhismaka began to think within himself about the unthought-of insult offered to them by him4 ,and in order to be informed of their object he1 with a burning heart1 went to their assembly4 ,in the meantime carrying on their heads the letter announcing ,krishna ,abhisheka1 the emissaries1 despatched by ,kaishika1 entered into that ocean-like assembly of the kings 7#fd-fg74 ,the literal meaning of the word is bathing or sprinkling4 ,it is often used for initiation1 royal unction c4 sprinkling with the water of the ,ganges1 or water in which various articles have been immersed being an essential part of the rite4 ,here it means a religious ceremony which includes the presentation of a variety of articles1 fruits1 jems c4 along with water or fluid substance for the bathing of the deities to whom worship is offered4 ,,chapter ,,cvii4 ,,kaishika ,,worships ,,krishna4 ,janamejaya said3--,o lord1 having slain the highly powerful ,kansa irrepressible unto the gods ,krishna did not sit on the throne4 ,then he waited for the maiden and was not welcomed there4 ,why did he show forgiveness although thus insulted 7#a-b74 ,vinat's son was highly powerful4 ,why did he too show forgiveness8 ,o ,brahman1 ,i am greatly stricken with curiosity to listen to all this4 ,do thou describe it at length 7#c74 ,vaishampyana said3--,when with ,vinat's son the eternal ,vsudeva arrived at the city of ,vidarbha ,kaishika thought thus about him in his mind3--7#d74 ,forsooth shall our sins be destroyed if we behold the wonderful ,abhisheka of ,krishna 7#e74 ,and from ,krishna who has seen the true essence of things our mind will also be purified4 ,besides there is no other worthier person in the three worlds than the lotus-eyed ,janrddana1 ,krishna1 the king of gods4 ,o kings1 what hospitality can we offer to him obtaining such a person8 ,however virtue will not be spoiled8 ,thus thinking the two brothers ,kratha and ,kaishika desired to go to ,keshava in order to confer upon him their kingdom4 ,approaching that god and bending low their heads unto him1 the two heroic and noble kings of ,vidarbha1 said3 ,blessed is our birth and fame to-day2 blessed are our ancestral manes since thou hast come to our house4 7#f-aj74 ,we ourselves1 our umbrellas1 flag-staffs1 throne1 army and our flourishing city belong to thee 7#aa74 ,o thou of large arms1 formerly thou wert annointed by ,indra as ,upendra4 ,we now install thee in in our kingdom 7#ab74 ,the innumerable kings and even the ,emperor ,jarsandha will not be able to undo what both of us will do 7#ac74 ,the highly effulgent king ,jarsandha1 who offers shelter to other kings1 is thy enemy4 ,and he always mentions in a conversation ',devaki's son has not been installed on a throne and he has no city4 ,how will he sit in the same assembly with the kings 7#ad-ae78 ,the highly effulgent and powerful ,krishna too is very proud4 ,he will therefore never come to this ,swayamvara for the maiden 7#af74 ,when all the kings will sit on their respective seats1 how will that highly effulgent one sit on a lower seat 7#ag78' ,hearing this discussion amongst the kings and in order to put a stop to the dissension the king ,bhishmaka1 after consulting with us1 has got ready this most excellent resting house for the thee4 ,o thou of great effulgence1 thou art the prime deity amongst the gods and art the lord of all the worlds4 ,do thou behave now as the ,emperor in this land of mortals4 ,o lord1 may not difficulties about seats arise in the assembly of kings 7#ah-bj74 ,having performed today the ceremony of royal unction according to rites laid down in scriptures1 do thou1 next morning1 seated at ease on an auspicious throne1 in the city of ,vidarbha1 be installed as the ,emperor of the kings assembled at the behest of ,indra 7#ba-bb74 ,having said this to that foremost of celestials and bowing unto him with folded-hands those two heroes sent an emissary to the kings 7#bc74 ,as ,vsava1 the holder of thunderbolt1 announced through the celestial emissary so ,kaishika announced this intelligence to the assembled kings 7#bd74 ,kaishika said3--,o ye kings1 you all know that the eternal ,hari has arrived at the city of ,vidarbha1 along with ,vinata's son1 as our guest 7#be74 ,beholding the worthiest person1 to whom a gift could be made1 present my eldest brother ,kratha1 with a view to acquire piety1 has conferred upon ,vasudeva his kingdom 7#bf74 ,when my brother said ,sit on this seat an invisible speech was uttered by a sky-ranger 7#bg74 ,the celestial emissary said3--,o king1 thou shouldst not offer to ,vsudeva the seat on which thou didst sit4 ,for him the king of gods has sent this white seat of gold1 constructed by the celestial ,architect1 crested with all sorts of jems and marked with an emblem of a lion 7#bh-bi74 ,do thou along with other kings place him on this seat and sprinkle him 7#cj74 ,he1 who amongst the kings assembled in this city of ,kundina for the maiden will not come1 will be slain by the king of gods 7#ca74 ,the eight jars1 born of the portions of ,nidhis made of celestial gold and jewels and containing celestial ornaments belonging to the high-souled lord of riches1 will come amongst those kings for installing this ,emperor 7#cb-cc74 ,o king1 this order of the lord of gods is communicated to thee4 ,do thou invite all the kings with a letter and perform the royal unction of ,keshava 7#cd74 ,kaishika continued3--,o kings1 saying this from the welkin and giving to ,krishna1 the seat1 effulgent like the rising sun the celestial emissary returns to the city of gods 7#ce74 ,i therefore speak to the assembled kings1 that they should all behold ,janrddana of a wonderful form rare in the land of mortals whom the king of gods has recognised as dreadful and greatly irrepressible and whom he will sprinkle from the welkin with jars 7#cf-cg74 ,if we behold the wonderful ceremony1 the bathing of ,vishnu1 the ,god of gods1 surely our sins will be dissipated 7#ch74 ,come1 ,o ye leading kings1 you need not fear1 for you ,i have made peace with ,janrddana 7#ci74 ,i have known truly that ,krishna's mind is pure4 ,he will never make enmity with lords of men 7#dj74 ,besides he cherishes no enmity towards the king of ,magadha at heart4 ,you should therefore consult and do whatever is proper in this matter 7#da74 ,vaishampyana said3--,o king1 hearing the words of ,kaishika1 while the kings were thinking in fear of a curse1 they heard again that an invisible voice1 grave like the muttering of a cloud1 filling up the sky with its sound1 said at the mandate of the king of gods 7#db-dc74 ,chitrangada said3--,o ye kings1 ,sakra1 the king of the three worlds1 for your well-being and for governing the subjects has issued this mandate 7#dd74 ,o kings1 you should not live creating enmity with ,krishna4 ,pleasing him do you all live in your respective kingdoms 7#de74 ,krishna removes the calamity of his votaries1 and is like the fire of dissolution unto his enemies4 ,therefore creating friendship with him be you all happy and freed of anxiety 7#df74 ,a king is the lord of men2 the celestials are the lords of kings2 ,indra is the lord of celestials and ,janrddana is the lord of ,indra 7#dg74 ,the powerful ,lord ,vishnu1 the ,god of gods1 is born as a man in the land of men under the name of ,krishna 7#dh74 ,he alone1 in the worlds1 is not to be slain by the gods1 ,dnavas1 men and even by ,mahadeva1 the holder of trident along with ,kumra 7#di74 ,what to speak of others1 ,i myself along with the celestials wish to perform the ,abhisheka ceremony of the high-souled ,keshava1 the king of gods 7#ej74 ,besides1 the gods have no hand in the ,abhisheka ceremony of an ,emperor2 the kings are entitled to it4 ,i cannot perform the royal unction of ,keshava1 adored of all the worlds 7#ea73 ,o ye kings1 do you repair to the city of ,vidarbha1 and holding a consultation with ,kratha and ,kaishika perform the ceremony as laid down in ,scriptures 7#eb74 ,o kings1 thinking that the time for making peace and friendship has arrived1 ,vsava has sent me to you4 ,i am the celestial emissary 7#ec74 ,to-day the kings ,kratha and ,kaishika have invited ,krishna to the city of ,vidarbha for performing the ceremony of his royal unction4 ,united with them1 do ye1 ,o kings1 perform the ,abhisheka ceremony of ,krishna4 ,and then taking gifts do you1 with delighted hearts1 return to the ,swayamvara 7#ed-ee74 ,let the four leading kings ,jarsandha1 ,sunitha1 the mighty car-warrior1 ,rukshivn and ,shlwa1 the king of ,soubha1 wait here so that the sporting-ground may not remain vacant 7#ef74 ,vaishampayana said3--,listening to the command of the king of gods announced by ,chitrngada all the kings desired to go there4 ,and the intelligent king ,jarasandha too accorded his permission4 ,and they set out encircled by their own armies and headed by ,bhishmaka 7#eg-eh74 ,surrounded by his own followers1 and with his heart burning in anxiety1 the mighty-armed king ,bhishmaka1 along with other kings1 went to where the large-armed ,krishna was living in the house of ,kaishika4 ,they saw from distance the brilliance of the picturesque assembly-hall of the celestials that had been brought there for ,krishna's ,abhisheka1 and which was decorated with flags1 pennons and garlands1 set with celestial gems2 adorned with celestial garlands1 streamers and ornaments1 perfumed with celestial fragrance and encircled by celestial conveyances4 ,there1 the ,apsars1 ,vidydharas1 ,gandharvas1 ,munis and ,kinnaras1 stationed in the welkin1 were singing the accomplishments of ,krishna1 the lord of celestials4 ,and the great saints and ,siddhas were eulogising him4 ,and celestial trumpets were beaten of themselves in the sky 7#ei-fe74 ,and the immortals1 stationed in the sky1 showered profusely scented powders made of roots1 barks1 flowers and fruits of ,mandra1 ,prijta1 ,santnaka1 ,kalpa and ,harichandana trees 7#ff74 ,seated on his own vehicle1 the ,lord of ,sachi himself came there with the gods and showed himself in the sky 7#fg74 ,stationed in their respective quarters1 the ,eight ,regents began to sing1 dance and eulogise 7,krishna's7 glories on all sides 7#fh74 ,hearing that tumultuous sound and having their eyes expanded in surprise1 the kings entered into the assembly-hall 7#fi74 ,the large-armed and powerful king ,kaishika came out and received them duly 7#gj74 ,when the arrival of the kings was announced to the beautiful ,hari1 the foremost of the celestials1 he issued out with the performance of all benedictory rites 7#ga74 ,thereupon from the sky1 celestial jars1 with pieces of cloth tied round their necks and covered with mango leaves1 began to pour down1 like clouds1 water mixed with gold1 gems1 flowers and scented powders on the occasion of the ceremony of his royal unction 7#gb-gc74 ,having performed duly according to rites1 the ,abhisheka ceremony of ,janrddana1 before the very presence of the kings1 the king of gods adorned him with celestial ornaments 7#gd74 ,having welcomed duly all the kings with celestial garments of various colors1 garlands and unguents1 ,mdhava too sat in the auspicious assembly-hall of the celestials for the purpose of bathing4 ,the kings of the ,yadu and ,vidarbha races began to adore him 7#ge-gf74 ,the powerful son of ,vinat1 capable of assuming forms at will1 sat on a seat on the right hand side of ,keshava 7#gg74 ,as desired by ,vasudeva himself the high-souled and heroic kings1 ,kratha and ,kaishika1 sat on their respective seats on his left hand side 7#gh74 ,the highly powerful and heroic car-warriors headed by ,styaki of the ,vrishni and ,andhaka races sat on his left hand side 7#gi74 ,as the gods beautify the ,lord of ,sachi-so those leading kings beautified the beautiful ,krishna seated at ease on a celestial seat covered with a celestial coverlet and effulgent like the sun 7#hj74 ,afterwards having been introduced to him by the ministers1 various other kings were duly received by ,keshava and they too sat at ease on their respective thrones4 ,thereupon having shown him proper respect1 the highly wise king ,kaishika1 the foremost of speakers and well-read in all ,shstras1 said3-- ,o lord1 considering thee a human being1 these ignorant kings have committed offence by thee4 ,do thou therefore forgive them1 ,o ,god4 ,krishna said3--,o ,kaishika1 what of kings observant of ,kshatriyas' duties1 even if any one else proves inimical to me it does not find room in my heart even for a single day4 ,o kings1 how can ,i be offended with them who have to turn their faces against impiety and to fight virtuously8 ,what is past is gone4 ,those who are dead have gone to the celestial region4 ,birth and death are natural with men4 ,do not grieve1 ,o kings1 for them who are dead4 ,i wish that you may all forgive me and cast off your enmity 7#ha-hg74 ,vaishampyana said3--,having consoled the kings with these words1 the highly effulgent ,madhusudana looked at ,kaishika and desisted 7#hh74 ,in the meantime1 showing proper respect to all1 ,bhishmaka1 the foremost of speakers1 and of those well read in ,polity1 said 7#hi74 ,the son of ,mahdeva1 ,krtikeya1 the commander-in-chief of the gods1 who led the life of a bachelor4 ,,chapter ,,cviii4 ,,conversation ,,between ,,krishna ,,and ,,bhishmaka4 ,bhishmaka said3--,o ,lord of gods1 out of his childish nature1 my son wishes to give away his sister in a ,swayamvara1 but ,i do not like it 7#a74 ,he is entirely childish2 ,i do not like to give away 7my daughter in this way74 ,i wish that my daughter may select the only person whom she sees 7#b74 ,o ,lord1 ,i propitiate thee1 for this my son's bad conduct4 ,be thou propitiated and forgive 7him7 7#c74 ,krishna said3--,while your son1 as a boy1 has worked up all these kings1 ,i do not know how arrogant he will be when he will be advanced in years 7#d74 ,he who1 born in a great royal family in this earth1 speaks a falsehood1 even before one king1 consumes with the fire of ,yama's tortures3 his own-self and all the regions effulgent like the rays of the sun acquired by his asceticism 7#e-f74 ,o ,lord1 ,i know this to be the religious duty of the kings1 and even ,brahm1 in the days of yore1 pointed it out as the foremost duty of men 7#g74 ,under these circumstances1 ,o king1 how can your son give utterance to a lie before the kings in this assembly 7#h74 ,let it go1 ,i doubt also very much your statement that you do not know anything of the great assemblage of the kings invited by your son 7#i74 ,o king1 you have offered hospitality and welcome duly to the kings1 assembled like the sun and moon2 cars1 elephants1 horses and the infantry have made a wild dance in your city1 and still you do not know anything of your son's work4 ,how may this be 7#aj-aa78 ,i doubt very much1 ,o king1 how you were not able to know of the arrival of four-fold forces though it might not have been a source of anxiety 7#ab74 ,o king1 perhaps thinking that my arrival was not conducive to your well-being1 you did not offer hospitality to such an unworthy person 7#ac74 ,o you of large arms1 why should you not give away your daughter 7in ,swayamvara7 for the very sin of my arrival here4 ,leaving me aside1 do you confer your daughter on a good husband 7#ad74 ,manu and other leading ,law-givers have ordained that he who puts obstacles in the way of a maiden1 wastes himself in hell 7#ae74 ,o king1 for this1 ,i did not enter into the assembly-hall and accept hospitality 7#af74 ,o king1 when possessed greatly by bashfulness1 ,i prayed for giving rest to my followers in the city of ,vidarbha1 ,kaishika1 ever fond of guests1 offered us proper hospitality4 ,i too1 in the company of ,garuda1 am living here as in the city of gods 7#ag-ah74 ,vaishampyana said3--,when ,krishna1 effulgent like burning fire1 showered these thunder-like words1 king ,bhishmaka1 sprinkling him with sweet words1 consoled him 7#ai74 ,bhishmaka said3--,be thou propitiated1 ,o ,lord of the celestial region4 ,do thou forgive me1 ,o ,lord of the land of mortals4 ,i am possessed by the darkness of ignorance2 do thou give me eyes of wisdom 7#bj74 ,we are men of perverse understanding1 gifted with fleshy eyes4 ,therefore whatever we do without judging is not accomplished 7#ba74 ,however we have obtained thee now who art the ,god of gods4 ,may my vision grow wise and works be accomplished 7#bb74 ,the wise1 like great commanders1 render fruitful unaccomplished works by the discernment of moral laws 7#bc74 ,having obtained thy shelter1 ,i do not entertain any fear4 ,listen to what ,i wish to accomplish now 7#bd74 ,o king of gods1 ,i do not wish to allow my daughter to hold her ,swayamvara lest she may choose another4 ,be thou propitiated with me1 ,o ,lord of celestials4 ,do not be angry with me 7#be74 ,krishna said3--,o king of great intelligence1 ,o sinless one1 ,i do not perceive the utility of your sayings4 ,who can adjust whether you will give away your daughter or not 7#bf74 ,o king1 the goddess-like form of ,rukshmini has brought me to this place4 ,but ,i should not say that you should give her to me and not to anybody else 7#bg74 ,when in the days of yore the gods assembled on the summit of the mount ,sumeru for incarnating their portions they said to her3 ',o thou of spacious hip1 do thou with thy husband go to the world of men4 ,and having been born in the house of ,bhishmaka in the city of ,kundina1 be thou united with ,keshava 7#bh-bi7'4 ,i tell you this plainly1 ,o king2 do what ever you think proper after due consideration 7#cj74 ,o king1 truly your daughter ,rukshmini is not a woman2 she is the very goddess ,sree4 ,for some object and at the words of ,brahm she is born 7as a woman7 7#ca74 ,she should not be given away in a ,swayamvara where all the kings will be assembled4 ,she must remain alone1 and inviting one bride groom1 you should confer her on him4 ,it will be thus performing a ,kshatriya's duties 7#cb74 ,o king1 you cannot give away ,lakshmi in a ,swayamvara4 ,selecting a good bridegroom1 you should give her away according to proper religious rites 7#cc74 ,in order to put impediments in ,swayamvara ,vinata's son has been despatched by the king of gods and has come to the city of ,kundina 7#cd74 ,i too have come here to witness this ,swayamvara festivity of the kings and your daughter1 the beautiful ,kamala without lotuses 7#ce74 ,your saying before me ',forgive me' is considered by me as proper4 ,and ,i do not find any folly in it1 ,o king 7#cf74 ,o lord1 ,i have already been pacified4 ,know me as conciliated since ,i have come to your territory in a gentle form 7#cg74 ,o king1 to cast off one's shortcomings is forgiveness and it is endued with many virtues4 ,so1 how can the mind of one like myself be possessed by the sin of non-forgiveness 7#ch74 ,how can sin1 ,o king1 be attached to you who are moral1 truthful and born in a family possessing the quality of goodness 7#ci74 ,know me conciliated particularly as ,i have come with my army1 for with them ,i never confront my enemies 7#dj74 ,when ,i cherish no forgiveness in my heart ,i go on the back of my carrier1 ,garuda1 the foremost of birds1 with weapons effulgent like the sun in my hand 7#da71 ,o king1 you are of the same age with my father and are therefore adorable unto me like him4 ,behaving with me1 as a father treats his son1 govern your kingdom well 7#db74 ,how can that sin1 which resides in the heart of a coward1 find room in the heart of a pure-souled hero 7#dc78 ,know my conduct as pure as a father's feeling towards his son4 ,treating us with hospitality1 these two kings of ,vidarbha have given us their kingdom4 ,by the fruit of this gift their ancestral manes of ten generations upwards have gone to the celestial region 7#dd-de7 ,and ten succeeding generations too of their royal line from son to grandson will also repair to the celestial region 7#df74 ,and they two1 enjoying their kingdom for many long years1 without any thorns1 will attain to emancipation when they will wish it 7#dg74 ,and those noble kings1 who were present at my ,abhisheka1 will in time repair to the celestial region 7#dj74 ,o king1 may you fare well6 ,i shall now with ,vinat's son go to the charming city of ,mathura protected by the king ,bhoja 7#di74 ,vaishampyana said3--,saying this to the king ,bhishmaka1 welcoming all other kings and issuing out of the ,hall with ,kratha and ,kaishika1 the lords of ,vidarbha1 ,krishna1 the foremost of gods and ,yadus1 went to his car 7#ej74 ,beholding the departure of ,keshava1 the faces of the royal saint ,bhishmaka and of other kings were stricken with sorrow 7#ea74 ,at that time beholding the prime and self-sprung ,krishna1 having eyes like red lotuses1 thousand feet1 thousand eyes1 thousand arms1 thousand lustrous crowns1 thousand heads1 adorned with celestial garlands1 raiments1 scents1 unguents and ornaments1 holding uplifted celestial weapons and having three eyes of the sun1 moon and fire1 the king ,bhishmaka bowed unto him and began to eulogise his glories1 with his body1 mind and speech 7#eb-ee74 ,bhishmaka said3--,o ,god of gods1 ,o ,nryana1 ,o ,paryana1 thou hast no origin or destruction4 ,thou art the eternal prime ,deity1 ,i bow unto thee 7#ef74 ,thou art the self-sprung ,deity1 art identical with the universe1 lotus navelled1 hast clotted hairs1 dost hold a staff and art of coppery hue4 ,i bow unto thee 7#eg74 ,thou art ,hansa1 the discus1 ,vaikuntha1 unborn and the great ,atman4 ,i bow unto thee 7#eh74 ,thou art ,yogin1 the existent and non-existent1 the ancient ,purusha1 the foremost of ,purushas1 above three-fold qualities4 ,i bow unto thee 7#ei74 ,o ,lord1 ,o foremost of the celestials1 that alone art the lord of all the worlds and the lord of those who have acquired a know fledge of the soul4 ,i am thy votary4 ,be thou propitiated and confer on me a boon 7#fj74 ,vaishampyana said3--,having thus chanted the glories of the great ,god ,krishna in the presence of the king1 ,bhishmaka made a present of precious gems1 pearls1 and plates of ,vaidurja unto him4 ,thereupon he saluted in this way the highly powerful son of ,vinat too 7#fa-fb74 ,bhishmaka said3--,i bow unto that celestial bird1 the son of ,kashya endued with the velocity of the wind who can assume various forms at will 7#fc74 ,vaishampyana said3--,having thus chanted1 in brief1 the glories of ,vinat's son ,bhismaka offered him various sorts of most excellent raiment4 ,after the lotus-eyed ,krishna1 the younger brother of ,vsava1 on taking leave1 had departed all the kings followed him4 ,having thus received honors1 taken farewell of all the kings1 placed ,vinat's son the foremost of birds1 of a gentle form before him1 been encircled by huge cars1 and lighted up all the quarters the energetic ,krishna set out for ,mathur4 ,at that time there arose a great tumult consisting of the sound of bugles1 trumpets1 conches1 the hissing of the serpents1 the neighing of horses1 and the rattle of the wheels of the cars resembling the muttering of huge clouds4 ,after the departure of the highly powerful ,krishna the gods repaired to the celestial region with that assembly hall and the most excellent seat4 ,encircled by their huge four-fold forces the kings followed ,janrddana1 a distance of two miles and afterwards at his command returned to ,swayamvara 7#fd-fi74 ,,chapter ,,cix4 ,,jarasandha',s ,,proposal ,,to ,,invite ,,kalayavana4 ,vaishampayana said3--,after the departure of ,vasudeva's son the kings1 who had their limbs embellished with ornaments and who were anxious to go to their respective kingdoms1 returned to the assembly-hall of ,bhishmaka in order to inform 7,jarsandha of their intention7 7#a74 ,thereupon king ,bhishmaka1 the foremost of kings and well-read in moral laws1 said to the kings1 effulgent like the sun and the moon and seated at ease on beautiful seats 7#b74 ,o ye kings1 you all know the calamity that will befall the ,swayamvara4 ,do you forgive me for the fruit that is the outcome of my misconduct 7#c74 ,vaishampyana said3--,having thus addressed and welcomed duly all the kings1 7the king7 sent away all the monarchs of ,central ,india and of the ,east1 ,west and ,northern ,provinces4 ,having honored the king ,bhishmaka duly in return1 those kings1 the foremost of men and mighty car-warriors1 went away delightedly4 ,jarsandha1 ,sunitha1 the energetic ,dantavakra1 the king of ,soubha1 the king ,mahkurma1 ,kaishika1 all the leading kings of the ,pravara race1 the royal saint ,venudri1 the king of ,kashmira all those and other kings of the ,deccan remained by ,bhishmaka desirous of listening to the mystery4 ,o monarch1 beholding these kings waiting there the powerful king ,bhishmaka1 with an affectionate heart and grave and cool voice1 said to them moral words relating to three-fold objects and embellished with figures4 ,bhishmaka said3--,o ye kings1 ,i have acted thus in pursuance of moral words given vent to by you2 you should forgive me for we must always abide by moral laws 7#d-ab74 ,vaishampyana said3--,having thus expressed himself in the concourse of kings1 the king ,bhishmaka1 well-versed in moral laws1 again said aiming at his son 7#ac74 ,bhishmaka said3--,observing the movements of my son my eyes are agitated with fear2 ,i consider all now as mere boys4 ,he 7,krishna7 alone is the foremost of ,purushas 7#ad74 ,he1 the very incarnation of glory1 the foremost of the illustrious1 the partaker of fame and powerful1 has established great fame and the might of his arms in this land of mortals 7#ae74 ,blessed is ,devaki1 the foremost of damsels who has conceived as her son the lotus-eyed ,krishna1 identical with the sum total of beauty1 the greatest of all in the three worlds1 and adored of all the immortals and who has seen his lotus countenance with her eyes full of affection 7#af-ag47 ,vaishampyana said3--,when the king ,bhishmaka gave vent to these words again and again in the midst of the assembled kings the highly effulgent king ,shalya said in sweet words 7#ah74 ,shalya said3--,o slayer of thy enemies1 ,o lord of kings1 do not lament for thy son4 ,the ,kshatriyas meet either with success or defeat in battle 7#ai74 ,this is the inevitable course and eternal religion of the mortals4 ,save ,baladeva and ,krishna what third person can withstand thy highly powerful son in battle8 ,taking up his bow thy mighty-armed son is alone capable of withstanding the car-warriors and great heroes of the enemy in battle4 ,when by the might of his arms he handles the ,bhrgava weapons1 difficult of being used even by the celestials what man is capable of bearing it8 ,this ,eternal ,purusha ,krishna is without birth or death 7#bj-bc74 ,in this land of mortals even the holder of trident 7,siva7 cannot defeat him4 ,o ,emperor1 thy son is well-versed in the true meaning of all the ,shastras 7#bd74 ,knowing ,keshava as ,ishna he did not engage in fight with him4 ,it is not that there is none who can defeat him 7#be74 ,klayavana is incapable of being slain by ,keshava4 ,with a view to have a son the great ,muni ,grgya adored ,rudra for twelve years living on powdered iron and practising dreadful and highly difficult penances4 ,thereat pleased when ,shankara offered him a boon ,grgya prayed for a son whom the kings of ,mathur would not be able to slay4 ,rudra granted him the boon1 saying 'so be it' 7#bf-bh74 ,thus by virtue of ,rudra's boon1 ,grgya's son ,klayavana is unslayable by the kings of ,mathura in the battle-field and especially in the city of ,mathur 7#bi74 ,though ,krishna is highly powerful amongst the princes of ,mathura still if he comes to battle and fights with him he will be able to defeat him 7#cj74 ,o kings1 if you accept my words as becoming and sound1 send an emissary to the capital of the king of ,yavanas 7#cc74 ,vaishampyana said3--,hearing the words of the highly powerful ,shalya the king of ,soubha all the leading kings were delighted and said ,we will do it 7#cb74 ,hearing their words and recollecting those of ,brahm the ,emperor ,jarsandha lost heart and said 7#cc74 ,jarasandha said3--,alas6 formerly1 assailed by the fear of a foreign king1 all the ,chiefs1 seeking refuge with me1 used to get back their lost kingdoms1 servants1 army and conveyances 7#cd74 ,now1 on account of their bad feelings towards their lord1 they1 like unto a damsel1 coming in contact with a stranger1 are now exciting me to seek another's shelter 7#ce74 ,alas6 even when ,i1 afraid of ,krishna1 am constrained to seek refuge with another1 ,destiny alone is powerful4 ,and by no means can any one overcome it 7#cf74 ,o ye kings1 it is better for me to die than to seek helplessly the protection of another 7king74 ,i shall not therefore seek refuge with any body else 7#cg74 ,i shall give him battle who has been pointed out as my ,death by the invisible words1 may he be ,krishna1 or ,baladeva1 or a man1 or some one amongst the immortals 7#ch74 ,even this is my firm resolution and such is the conduct of a worthy person4 ,i shall not act against it seeking another's protection 7#ci74 ,even if you be all well disposed he 7,krishna7 may destroy you all4 ,for your protection ,i shall send an envoy to him 7#dj71 ,o kings1 the messenger should so proceed by the etherial way that ,krishna may not put in any impediment4 ,do ye find out such a person who can go in this way 7#da74 ,this effulgent king of ,soubha is gifted with the prowess of fire1 the sun and the moon4 ,in a sunny car let him proceed to the capital of ,yavana 7#db74 ,let him approach the king of ,yavanas as our envoy and communicate to him our quarrel with ,krishna4 ,let him try to bring him over to this assemblage of ,chiefs 7#dc74 ,vaishampyana said3--,having thus expressed himself the ,emperor ,jarsandha again said to the powerful king of ,soubha3--,do thou depart1 ,o giver of honors and help all these ,chiefs 7#dd74 ,use such tactics that the king of ,yavanas may proceed and vanquish ,krishna and we may be pleased 7#de74 ,having thus commanded all and worshipped ,bhishmaka duly the ,emperor1 encircled by his own army1 set out for his city 7#df74 ,shalya1 too1 the foremost of kings1 having honored all duly1 set out by the etherial way in a car1 coursing like air 7#dg74 ,following ,jarsandha to some distance the ,deccan ,chiefs repaired to their respective cities 7#dh74 ,thinking of his own evil conduct1 of ,krath1 ,kaishika and ,krishna1 the king ,bhishmaka1 along with his own son1 entered into his ,palace 7#di74 ,on account of the discomfiture of the kings consequent upon ,krishna's arrival and the termination of the ,swayamvara the chaste and wise ,rukshmini approached her friends and with her face bent down in shame said3--,i tell you truly1 ,i do not wish to be the spouse of any body else save ,krishna having lotus eyes 7#ej-ea74 ,,chapter ,,cx4 ,,shalya ,,meets ,,kalayavana4 ,vaishampayana said3--,klayavana1 the king of ,yavanas1 was highly powerful and used to govern the inhabitants of his city in pursuance of royal duties 7#a74 ,he was wise1 conversant with three ,vargas1 proficient in six ,gunas innocent of sevenfold calamities1 endued with all accomplishments1 well-versed in ,srutis1 pious1 truthful1 a master of his senses1 acquainted with the rules of war1 an expert in capturing forts1 heroic1 of great strength and used to honor his ministers4 ,one day encircled by his ministers he was seated at ease and the learned and intelligent ,yavanas1 discoursing amongst themselves on various celestial themes were adoring him 7#b-e74 ,in the meantime there blew delightful1 but exciting1 cold and fragrant wind4 ,thereat the assembled ,yavanas and the king ,klayavana were all worked up and thought ,whence it has come8 ,thereupon they saw a car coming from the south4 ,it was golden and white1 lighted up with the lustre of jewels1 adorned with celestial flags and pennons1 drawn by horses fleet like the mind or air1 adorned with tiger-skins1 a terror to the enemies1 the enhancer of joy to the friends1 constructed by the celestial ,architect1 effulgent like the sun1 the grinder of others' cars and embellished with jems like the rays of the sun and moon4 ,the powerful and beautiful king of ,soubha was seated thereon4 ,delighted greatly at seeing his friend the mighty-armed king of ,yavanas1 the foremost of speakers1 repeatedly sent for ,arghya and water to wash feet4 ,and rising up from his throne and with ,arghya in his hands he went out and waited at the landing stair of the car4 ,be holding the king ,klayavana1 powerful like ,sakra the highly energetic ,shalya was greatly delighted1 got down alone from the chariot with a confident heart and joyously entered into the ,palace of ,yavana for seeing his friend4 ,observing arghya in the hands of the king of ,yavanas1 ,shalya1 the foremost of kings1 said in sweet words3--,o thou of great effulgence1 ,i am not now worthy of arghya4 ,i am now an envoy of the kings and have been despatched to thee by the intelligent ,jarsandha4 ,i therefore do not deserve arghya from the kings 7#e-ah74 ,kalayavana said3--,o you of large-arms1 ,i know that you have been despatched here as an envoy by the king of ,magadha for the behoof of kings 7#ai74 ,o intelligent king1 ,i adore you duly with water to wash feet1 seat and various other means of welcome because you have been sent here by the entire circle of kings4 ,by adoring you1 ,o king1 ,i shall worship the entire host of kings and by honoring you all of them will be honored4 ,therefore1 ,o king1 sit with me on this throne 7#bj-ba74 ,vaishampyana said3--,thereupon shaking hands with each other and enquiring of their mutual welfare those two kings sat at ease on the sacred throne 7#ib74 ,kalayavana said3--,what has become impossible to him1 depending on the might of whose arms you kings are all living without any anxiety as the gods do under the protection of ,sachi's lord1 that he has sent you to me4 ,tell me1 truly1 ,o king1 what mandate1 the powerful king of ,magadha has issued to me4 ,even if it be very difficult ,i shall carry out his command 7#bc-bd74 ,shalya said3--,o king of ,yavanas1 hear ,i shall describe at length what the king of ,magadha has deputed me to communicate to you 7#be74 ,jarasandha said3--,the highly irrepressable ,krishna has been oppressing the world from his very birth4 ,informed of his wicked deeds ,i attempted to slay him 7#bf74 ,accompanied by a number of kings along with their four-fold forces and conveyances ,i besieged the mount ,gomanta with a huge army 7#bg74 ,and there listening to the highly sensible words of the king of ,chedi ,i set fire to that best of mountains for their 7,rma and ,krishna's7 destruction 7#bh74 ,beholding that fire consisting of hundreds and thousands of flames and resembling the fire of dissolution1 ,rma1 holding the golden hilt of a sword1 leaped down from the mountain summit in the midst of the ocean-like army of the kings4 ,and that highly irrepressible one began to kill the car-warriors1 the infantry and cavalry 7#cj74 ,he moved about like a serpent2 and catching elephants1 horses and soldiers with his plough-share he grinded them with his mace 7#ca74 ,in that battle-field abounding in hundreds of kings that highly energetic ,rma1 endued with the prowess of the sun1 ranging in various ways like the setting sun1 destroyed elephants1 with elephants1 car-warriors with cars1 and the cavalry with horses 7#cb-cc74 ,after ,rma1 the highly powerful and energetic ,yadu hero1 ,krishna1 taking up his discus effulgent like the sun1 and his black iron club1 forcibly leaped down in the midst of the enemie's army agitating the mountain with the force of his feet as a lion attacks the poor deer 7#cd-ce74 ,o king1 at that time whirling and bathed with shower that mountain extinguished the fire and entered into the earth as if dancing 7#cf74 ,jumping down from that burning mountain ,janrddana with his hand holding the discus began to destroy our army 7#cg74 ,whirling his huge discus and throwing all down with his club he began to grind men1 elephants and horses with his mace 7#ch74 ,then with the fire of discus and plough-share begotten by their anger that huge army1 protected by sun-like kings1 was consumed 7#ci74 ,within a moment our army consisting of men1 elephants horses infantry and flags1 was consumed by those two foot soldiers 7#dj74 ,o king1 beholding that army distressed by the fear of the fire of discus and routed1 ,i1 encircled by a huge collection of cars1 engaged in battle4 ,and ,keshava's brother the heroic and valiant ,baladeva1 the destroyer of ,bala1 stood before me with a club in his hand 7#da-db74 ,having slain the twelve ,akshouhinis of soldiers and cast off his plough-share and mace ,sounanda1 that leonine hero pursued me with his club 7#dc74 ,o king1 having thrown the club on me with a force like that of the fall of a thunder-bolt he again stood manfully on the ground 7#dd74 ,then like unto ,krtikeya at the time of the destruction of ,krounch1 he1 with his two large eyes1 as if consumed me1 looking at my joints 7#de74 ,o king of ,yavanas1 beholding such a form of ,baladeva1 what person1 having hopes of life1 can stand before him in the battle-field 7#df78 ,when he stood before him holding up that terrible club resembling the rod of the ,regent of the dead and whirling it along with his plough-share ,brahm1 the grand-father of all1 filling the welkin with his invisible voice grave as the muttering of clouds1 said3--,o sinless ,rma1 do not strike 7him72 ,o holder of plough-share1 it has been destined that he shall not meet with his death from any other person4 ,hearing with my own ears those words given vent to by the ,grand-father ,i was filled with anxiety and returned from the battle-field 7#dg-ej74 ,o king1 for this reason1 and for the behoof of the kings1 ,i communicated this incident to you4 ,hearing this you should do what you think proper in pursuance of my words 7#ea74 ,desirous of having a son your father propitiated ,sankara1 the god of gods with hard austerities and obtained you as his son unslayable by the princes of ,mathur 7#eb74 ,fasting and feeding on powdered iron for twelve years the great ,muni ,grgya propitiated the great god ,siva1 on whose lotus feet even the gods and ,asuras meditate and therefore obtained his wished-for prosperity in the person of yourself 7#ec74 ,by virtue of the asceticism of the ascetic ,grgya and of the power of ,mahdeva carrying the emblem of a crescent forsooth1 shall ,janrddana meet with his death as the dews are dried up by the rays of the sun 7#ed71 ,o king1 thus requested by the kings1 be up and doing and march for vanquishing ,krishna4 ,and entering the city of ,mathur with your army establish your glory there 7#ee74 ,vasudeva's son is a native of ,mathur and ,baladeva is his brother4 ,if you go to the city of ,mathur you will be able to defeat them in battle 7#ef74 ,shalya said3--,o king1 ,i have thus communicated to you1 the message entrusted to me by the ,emperor ,jarsandha for the behoof of the kings4 ,do you now undertake what is proper and conducive to your well-being after consulting duly with your ministers 7#eg74 ,three conditions of a king or state2 prosperity1 evenness or decay or loss1 gain and equality4 ,the six acts of a king in his military character1 or peace1 war1 marching1 halting1 sowing1 dissension1 seeking potection4 ,the seven calamities are gambling1 sleeping in a day1 calumny1 whoring1 playing1 idle roaming1 drinking and hunting4 ,,chapter ,,cxi4 ,,kalayavana ,,agrees ,,to ,,kill ,,krishna4 ,vaishampayana said3--,after the king ,shalya1 as directed by the ,emperor ,jarsandha had said this ,klayavana1 the king of ,yavanas1 with great delight said 7#a74 ,kalayavana said3--,oh6 highly honored and blessed ,i am2 and my life is crowned with success since numberless kings have requested me for vanquishing ,krishna 7#b74 ,the kings have appointed me in the work of subduing ,krishna who is invincible in the three worlds1 even unto gods and ,asuras4 ,and they have blessed me so that ,i will achieve victory 7#c74 ,while the kings1 with delighted hearts1 have declared my victory ,i shall1 by the very pouring of their water-like words1 achieve success 7#d74 ,whatever it may be1 ,i shall carry out the command of the ,emperor ,jarasandha issued at the request of the kings4 ,even my discomfiture in it will be1 tantamount to my success 7#e74 ,o king1 to-day1 the day and the stars are auspicious and in this auspicious moment ,i shall even to-day start for ,mathur for defeating ,keshava in the battle-field 7#f74 ,vaishampyana said3--,having thus addressed the powerful ,shalya the king of ,soubha1 the lord of ,yavanas honored him duly with highly precious jems and dresses 7#g74 ,afterwards for acquiring unstinted blessings he gave away various riches to his guest and the ,brhmanas and duly offered libations to fire4 ,then after the performance of benedictory rites he set out with his army for vanquishing ,janrddana 7#h-i74 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 king ,shlya too1 with his desire fully achieved1 embraced the lord of ,yavanas and set out with a delighted heart for his own city 7#aj74 ,,chapter ,,cxii4 ,,ugrasena ,,receives ,,krishna4 ,janamejaya said3--,o ,brahman1 when the ,lord ,krishna1 endued with ,sakra's prowess1 set out from the city of ,bidarbha he did not ride the highly powerful son of ,vinat1 ,garuda2 why did he then take him away with him8 ,and what did ,vinat's son do8 ,o great ,muni1 ,i am filled with great curiosity in this2 do thou unfold the mystery 7#a-b74 ,vaishampyana said3--,o king1 listen to the work1 difficult of being done by men1 which the highly effulgent son of ,vinat performed after his departure from the city of ,bidarbha 7#c74 ,o lord1 before his departure to the city of ,mathur when ,janrddana1 the god of gods1 said before the assembled kings1 ,i shall repair to the charming city of ,mathura governed by the ,bhoja king the beautiful and intelligent son of ,vinat thought for a considerable time1 and then saluting ,vsudeva1 after he has finished his say1 said with folded hands 7#d-f74 ,garuda said3--,o god1 ,i shall now proceed to ,raivata's city ,kushasthali1 to the charming mount ,raivata and the adjacent forest thereto resembling the garden of ,nandana 7#g74 ,the ,rkshasas have abandoned the charming city of ,kushasthali4 ,it is situate at the base of the ,raivata mountain and on the bank of the great ocean4 ,it abounds in trees decorated with filaments of flowers1 in groves and creepers4 ,it is scattered with elephants and serpents1 and inhabited by bear1 monkeys1 boars1 buffaloes and deer4 ,i shall perfectly examine 7that place7 and see if it is worthy of thy habitation4 ,o lord1 if that extensive and charming city is fitted for thy residence1 ,i shall remove all the thorns and come back to thee 7#h-aj74 ,vaishampyana said3--,having thus expressed himself before ,janrddana1 the king of gods1 and saluted him the powerful lord of birds set out towards the western direction 7#aa74 ,and when ,krishna too1 with the ,yadavas1 entered into the beautiful city of ,mathur1 ,ugrasena came out of the city with dancing girls and citizens and honored the victorious ,krishna 7#ab74 ,janamejaya said3--,what did the mighty-armed ,emperor ,ugrasena do when he heard of ,krishna's installation by the numberless kings 7#ac78 ,vaishampyana said3--,hearing of ,krishna's installation as the ,emperor by numberless kings1 of ,indra's making peace with him through his envoy ,chitrangada1 of the apportionment of wealth1 each king being entitled to a lakh1 each emperor to a ,arvuda and each ordinary men to ten1 and that every one1 who came there1 did not go away empty handed and that the graceful lord of ,nidhis1 ,sanka1 commanded by the gods1 distributed wealth after ,krishna's heart1 from his own men and other persons informed of people's conduct1 ,ugrasena offered a great puja at the temples of the tutelary deities4 ,the two sides of the gate of ,vasudeva's house were decorated with flags1 pennons and garlands4 ,he also decorated with flags ,kansa's assembly hall ,suprabh adorned with various sheets of cloth 7#ad-bj74 ,the doors of the sitting-room of the ,emperor ,krishna in ,gopura were pasted with ambrosia by the king 7#ba74 ,there was dancing and music on all sides4 ,the city was decorated with flags1 garlands of wild flowers and jars full of water 7#bb74 ,the king sprinkled sandal water in all the high-ways and spread sheets of cloth on the ground 7#bc74 ,on both sides of the roads incense was kept in vessels and continually burnt with ,aguru1 molass and various other articles 7#bd74 ,the elderly women began to sing benedictory hymns and youthful damsels moved about anxiously in their respective houses 7#be74 ,having thus commenced the festivity in the city the ,emperor ,ugrasena repaired to ,ugrasena's ,palace and after communicating to him the pleasant news and consulting with ,rma went to the car4 ,o king1 in the meantime the great sound of the conch-shell ,pnchajanya was heard4 ,hearing that sound of the conch the entire city of ,mathur1 with their women1 boys1 elderly men1 panegyrists1 songsters1 and accompanied by a huge army1 issued out placing ,rma before them4 ,ugrasena himself carried arghya and water for washing feet for ,krishna 7#bf-bi74 ,after going over to some distance and coming within the view of ,vsudeva the ,emperor ,ugrasena desired to proceed on foot and accordingly got down from his white car 7#cj74 ,and beholding ,hari1 the king of gods1 seated on a charming car adorned with celestial jewels he1 in words suppressed with joy1 said to the lotus-eyed ,rma the slayer of his enemy's army4 ,krishna was adorned with ornaments set with jewels1 was shining like the sun on account of the garland of wild flowers decorating his breast1 was accompanied by fans1 umbrellas and flags with the emblems of ,garuda painted thereon1 embellished with all the marks of royalty and endued with the beauty of the rising sun 7#ca-cd74 7,ugrasena said73--,o great one1 it does not behove me to proceed on car after this4 ,thinking this ,i have got down4 ,do thou go on the car 7#ce74 ,coming to ,mathur in the disguise of ,keshava ,vishnu has manifested himself as the king of gods in the ocean-like assemblage of the kings4 ,i therefore wish to chant his glories properly4 ,the highly effulgent elder brother of ,krishna 7then7 replied to the king 7saying7 7#cf-cg73 ,o king1 it is not proper to chant the glories of that best of kings at the time of his going4 ,without it ,janrddana is pleased with you4 ,what is the use of hymning him who is himself propitiated8 ,your visit is identical with your chanting of his glories4 ,while ,krishna1 although he has acquired the dignity of the ,lord ,paramount1 is coming to your house1 what is the use of praising him with celestial and super-human hymns8 ,thus conversing with each other they went to ,keshava 7#ch-dj74 ,beholding the king ,ugrasena approach with arghya in his hands ,krishna1 the foremost of orators1 stopped his car and said3--,o king of ,mathur1 while ,i have installed you1 declaring1 ',be you the lord of ,mathura' it does not behove me to make it otherwise4 ,o king1 you should not offer me arghya and water for washing my feet and rinsing my mouth4 ,this is my heart-felt desire 7#da-dc74 ,o king1 informed of your intention ,i say that you are the king of ,mathura4 ,do not make it otherwise4 ,o king1 ,i will confer upon you your proper share in the land and gift4 ,as ,i did with the other kings ,i had kept your share in reserve beforehand1 one hundred thousandth portion without any ornaments or raiment4 ,o king1 get upon your white car adorned with gold1 umbrella1 fans1 flags and celestial ornaments4 ,and wearing your crown of sunny lustre govern the city of ,mathur1 delightedly with your sons and grand-sons1 defeat your enemies and multiply the ,bhoja race4 ,the king of gods1 the holder of thunder-bolt sent1 for ,ananta and ,shouri1 celestial ornaments and raiments4 ,from the thousand jars of gold coins reserved for the citizens of ,mathur in that ceremony of installation the king of gods has ordered that one thousand should be given to each of the panegyrists and bards1 one hundred to each old man1 prostitute and other men and ten thousand to each of the ,ydavas1 ,vikadru and others who live with the king ,ugrasena 7#dd-eb74 ,vaishampyana said3--,having thus honored the ,emperor ,ugrasena in the presence of all the soldiers ,janrddana1 with great delight1 entered the city of ,mathur 7#ec74 ,on account of the celestial ornaments1 garlands1 raiments and unguents it appeared as if he was living in the city of the celestials encircled by gods 7#ed74 ,like unto the muttering of clouds there arose a great tumult consisting of the sound of bugles and trumpets1 blare of conches1 the noise of elephants1 the neighing of horses1 the leonine shouts of the heroes and rattle of car-wheels 7#ee-ef74 ,the panegyrists began to sing his praises and the subjects to salute him with numberless presents4 ,at this ,hari was not the least surprised 7#eg74 ,he was high-minded by nature1 shorn of egoism and has seen a greater display than this beforehand4 ,and for this he was not filled with surprise 7#eh74 ,beholding ,mdhava's arrival who was shining in the lustre of his own person effulgent like the sun the inhabitants of ,mathur saluted him at every step and said 7#ei73 ,he is ,nryna1 the abode of ,shree living in the ocean of milk4 ,leaving his serpent-couch he has come to the city of ,mathur 7#fj74 ,having chained ,bali irrepressible unto the immortals he conferred the soverignty of the three worlds on ,vasava the wielder of thunder-bolt 7#fa74 ,having slain ,kansa1 the foremost of the powerful and other ,daityas this slayer of ,keshi has conferred the kingdom of ,mathura on the ,bhoja king 7#fb74 ,not being himself installed and not sitting on the royal throne1 he1 having acquired the dignity of the ,lord ,paramount1 has entrusted ,ugrasena with the government of ,mathur 7#fc74 ,having heard this conversation of the citizens1 the bards1 panegyrists and the poets sang1 ,o thou the ocean of accomplishments1 how can we1 who are one tongued men1 sing the deeds begotten of thy prowess and energy 7#fd-fe74 ,the thousand-headed serpent-king ,vsuki1 who has the intellect of a god1 can1 with his two thousand tongues1 to a certain extent describe thy accomplishments 7#ff74 ,it is a great wonder to the kings of the earth that a throne was sent by ,indra4 ,it never happened before nor will it be in future 7#fg74 ,the descension of the assembly-hall and jars from the celestial region has never been heard of or seen4 ,therefore we consider it as a wonder 7#fh74 ,o ,keshava1 conceiving a son like thee1 the foremost of gods1 ,devaki1 the best of damsels1 has been blessed because she1 with her eyes full of affection1 saw thy lotus face adored by men and the immortals 7#fi-gj74 ,placing ,ugrasena before them and listening to the conversation regarding their praises sung by the citizens the two brothers ,rma and ,krishna arrived at the gate and the king worshipped them repeatedly sending for arghya and water for washing feet and rinsing mouth 7#ga-gb74 ,thereupon approaching ,keshava's car1 saluting him with his head down and mounting on an elephant the energetic and intelligent ,ugrasena began to shower gold as the clouds discharge their watery contents 7#gc74 ,having thus showered gold on him the beautiful ,mdhava arrived at his father's house and said to ,ugrasena1 the king of ,mathura 7#gd73 ,o lord1 although ,i have secured the dignity of the ,lord ,paramount1 this throne1 conferred by the king of gods1 should be kept in the king's ,palace 7#ge74 ,although acquired by the strength of my own arms ,i do not like to come by the assembly-hall of the king of ,mathur4 ,o lord1 ,i propitiate you4 ,do not be offended 7#gf74 ,o king ,janamejaya1 at that time ,vasudeva1 ,devaki and ,rohini were so much overwhelmed with joy that they could not give vent to any word 7#gg74 ,o king1 thereupon considering the importance of time and place1 ,kansa's mother1 taking riches and presents of various countries acquired by him1 went to ,keshava and dedicated them to his feet4 ,observing it ,krishna sent for ,ugrasena and said in sweet words 7#gh-gi74 ,krishna said3--,it is time that has snatched away your two sons2 ,i have not slain them either for riches or for the kingdom of ,mathur 7#hj71 ,o king of ,mathura1 having vanquished your enemies by the might of my arms do you perform many sacrifices and make profuse presents 7#ha74 ,o king1 do you cast off your mental agony and fear consequent upon ,kansa's death4 ,i return you these riches2 do you accept them 7#hb7 ,having thus consoled the king1 ,krishna1 along with ,balarama1 went to his parents 7#hc74 ,there those two highly powerful heroes1 with heart full of joy1 saluted their parents bending their heads 7#hd74 ,o ,janamejaya1 at that time the city of ,mathur left off her own form and as if the capital of gods came down there leaving the celestial region 7#he74 ,beholding ,vasudeva's house the citizens did not consider it as earth but took it for the region of the celestials 7#hf74 ,having thus entered ,vasudeva's house the heroic ,baladeva and ,keshava dismissed ,ugrasena1 the king of ,mathur and his queen4 ,and then leaving off their arms and moving about for some time they went through the evening rites4 ,and then seated at ease they conversed with one another 7#hg-hh74 ,in the meantime there took place a highly dreadful calamity4 ,the clouds were scattered in the sky1 the earth and the mountains were shaken1 the oceans were agitated1 the serpents were terrified and the ,yadavas1 trembling1 fell down on earth 7#hi-ij74 ,beholding them thus fallen the immoveable ,rma and ,krishna1 perceived1 from the flapping of the huge wings1 the approach of ,garuda1 the foremost of birds4 ,and within a short time they saw ,garuda by them4 ,saluting them both with his head1 ,vinat's son1 of a gentle form1 adorned with celestial garlands and unguents1 sat on a seat 7#fa-ib74 ,observing the arrival of his war-like minister1 the intelligent son of ,vinat1 the slayer of ,madhu said3 ,o thou the grinder of the enemies of the celestial army1 ,o delight of ,vinat's heart1 ,o foremost of birds1 ,o favourite of ,keshava1 may thy arrival here prove auspicious 7#ic-id74 ,having thus addressed ,vinat's son1 stationed there like a very god ,krishna again said to him who was equally powerful 7#ie74 ,krishna said3--,o foremost of birds1 let us now go to the highly extensive inner appartment of the ,bhoja king1 for there1 seated at ease we shall be able to hold counsels after our own hearts 7#if74 ,vaishampyana said3--,when having entered the inner appartment of the ,bhoja king along with ,vinat's son1 the highly powerful ,krishna and ,baladeva held parley1 the former said3--,o ,vinat's son1 the king ,jarsandha is unslayable by us4 ,it has been so ordained4 ,incomparable is his might and he is encircled by a huge army and highly powerful kings4 ,the army of the ,magadha king consists of many soldiers and so we shall not be able to consume it even within hundred years4 ,therefore ,i tell you1 ,o king of birds1 that it never bodes good for us to live in this city of ,mathura4 ,even it is my desire 7#ig-ajj74 ,garuda said3--,o god of gods1 having saluted thee ,i took leave and went to ,kusathali for finding out a worthy habitation for thee 7#aja71 ,o foremost of gods1 having gone there and been stationed in the welkin ,i reconnoitered all over that city endued with all auspicious marks 7#ajb74 ,that city is situate in an extensive watery province of the ocean4 ,it has the ocean on the east and is therefore always cool4 ,it is surrounded on all sides by the ocean1 a mine of every sort of jem1 spread with trees conferring wished-for objects1 covered on all sides with flowers of all seasons and therefore highly charming2 it is the abode of all forms of ,ashramas1 satisfies every sort of desire1 is filled with men and women1 is always full of merriment1 is encircled by ditches and walls1 is embellished with palaces and gates1 variegated courtyards and roads1 has huge doors and gates1 and various bolts and other contrivances1 is adorned with a golden wall1 is filled with car-warriors1 cavalry and infantry1 and with trees of various countries covered with celestial flowers and fruits1 is adorned with flags and pennons1 contains big palaces1 strikes terror to the enemies1 enhances the joy of the friends and is isolated from other cities presided over by kings 7#ajc-aji74 ,o god1 there is that best of mountains ,raivata resembling the garden of ,nandana4 ,do thou make it an ornament of thy gate 7#aaj74 ,o foremost of gods1 that city will also be liked by thy sons4 ,do thou go and live there 7#aaa74 ,like unto ,indra's capital ,amarvati thy city will be celebrated in the three worlds under the name of ,dwravati 7#aab74 ,o god1 if the great ocean gives there room covered with water the celestial ,architect will make works of art after his own heart 7#aac74 ,o god1 out of lustrous jewels1 pearls1 corals1 diamonds1 sapphires and other jems produced in the three worlds1 do thou have many white palaces built there like unto the assembly hall of the celestials1 consisting of hundred heavenly pillars1 adorned with all sorts of jewels made of gold1 decorated with celestial flags and pennons1 guarded by gods and ,kinnaras and lighted by the sun and the moon 7#aad-aaf74 ,vaishampyana said3--,having said this to ,keshava and saluted them both ,vinat's son took his seat 7#aag74 ,meditating on the words uttered by him conducive to their well-being1 and in order to give a proof of his appreciation ,krishna1 with ,rama1 honored ,garuda with presents of most excellent and precious dresses and dismissed him4 ,and then they enjoyed there like two immortals in the city of the celestials 7#aah-aai74 ,when in time the highly illustrious ,bhoja king heard of what ,garuda had said he affectionately addressed to ,keshava the following nectarine words 7#abj74 ,he said3--,o ,krishna1 ,o enhancer of the delight of the ,ydavas1 ,o thou of large arms1 ,o slayer of thy enemies1 listen to what ,i say4 ,o my son1 without thee1 like unto a woman separated from her husband we shall not be able to live happily either in this city of ,mathur or in any other kingdom4 ,o conferror of honor1 even if ,indra comes to the help of all the kings1 still we1 under the protection of thy arms1 do not fear them4 ,o foremost of ,yadus1 we shall proceed for accomplishing conquests 7#aba-abd74 ,hearing ,ugrasena's words ,devaki's son smilingly said3 ,o king1 ,i am ready to do whatever you wish4 ,there is not the least doubt in it 7#abe74 ,,chapter ,,cxiii4 ,,krishna',s ,,proposal ,,to ,,go ,,to ,,dwaraka4 ,vaishampayana said3--,once on a time the lotus-eyed ,krishna addressed the following reasonable words to the ,yadus in their assembly3--,this ,mathur city is the abode of the ,yadus3 we too were born here and brought up in ,vraja4 ,however all our griefs have disappeared and the enemies have been defeated4 ,now our hostilities with the kings and battle with ,jarsandea have commenced 7#a-c74 ,the number of our infantry and animals is endless4 ,and we have enough of jewels and friends 7#d74 ,although through our friends and soldiers we have attained to the consummation of prosperity still the city of ,mathur is very limited and the enemies can easily enter it 7#e74 ,beside if one ,koti of princes and infantry live here jointly there is every possibility of a dissension cropping up amongst them 7#f74 ,therefore1 ,o ye leading ,yadus1 methinks it is better that we should live elsewhere4 ,if you like it1 we will lay out a city elsewhere 7#g74 ,if you approve of what ,i have said before this assemblage of the ,yadus for your well-being and in pursuance of the proper time ,i shall carry it out 7#h74 ,hearing it all the ,ydavas delightedly said3--,o ,krishna1 do what thou deemst proper for the behoof of all these people 7#i74 ,thereupon the ,vrishnis began to hold consultations regarding this most excellent proposal3--,our enemy the king ,jarsandha has been destined as unslayable by us4 ,and his power is also very great 7#aj74 ,true it is that many armies of the kings have been slain in this city of ,mathur4 ,but so great is the number of his soldiers that we shall not be able to bring about their destruction even in hundred years 7#aa74 ,at that time ,o king1 the emperor ,jarsandha1 along with ,klayavana was proceeding towards ,mathur with his army 7#ab74 ,having heard of the approach of ,jarsandha and ,klayavana with that highly irrepressible huge army the ,yadavas thought of retreating as mentioned before 7#ac74 ,the truthful ,krishna again said to the ,yadavas3--,to day is an auspicious day4 ,so we shall1 even this very day1 issue out of ,mathura along with our army and followers 7#ad74 ,having obtained this command from ,krishna1 the ,yadavas1 headed by ,vasudeva1 along with their wives1 cars and elephants1 set out1 echoing the four quarters with the noise of their soldiers resembling that of the waves of the ocean 7#ae-af74 ,leaving ,mathur the ,yadavas went on with their wealth1 kinsmen1 friends1 golden chariots1 infuriated elephants and trotting horses decorated with gold 7#ag-ah74 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 having adorned their respective detachments of the army and moved it on the ,ydadas set out for the west 7#ai74 ,stationed in front1 ,vasudeva and other leaving ,yadavas1 ever adorning a battle-field1 guided the army 7#bj74 ,having thus wended a very long distance the leading ,ydus reached the bank of the ocean4 ,it was variegated with creepers1 abounded in coconut trees and beautiful elephants1 was covered with ,ketaki trees1 palmyras1 ,pannages and vines 7#ba-bd74 ,having secured such a picturesque site the ,yadavas were highly delighted as if they had arrived at the celestial region 7#bc74 ,searching for a site where he would lay out a city ,krishna1 the slayer of inimical heroes1 saw an extensive tract of land situated on the bank of the ocean 7#bd74 ,the land had a coppery soil mixed with gravels1 was well-suited for animals of burden1 was endued with all the favourable marks of a city1 as if it was presided over by the ,goddess of prosperity herself4 ,it was fanned by the sea breeze and was watered by the ocean4 ,near it was shining in beauty the charming mountain ,raivata like the mount ,mandara4 ,on that mountain containing all the jems and resorted to by many great men ,drona lived for many long years4 ,there lived the king ,ekalavya4 ,and the sporting ground laid out by himself like a board of dice is celebrated by the name of ,dwravati 7#be-bi74 ,keshava selected that site for his city and the ,ydavas also wanted to encamp their soldiers there4 ,thereupon the ,yadu commanders pitched tents there for the night 7#cj-ca74 ,with a view to lay out his city there the ,lord ,krishna1 the foremost of ,yadus1 lived there with them shorn of anxiety4 ,and that foremost of men1 the leader of the ,ydavas1 having ,gada as his elder brother1 thought in his mind of the names he would give to the various houses in that city 7#cb-cb74 ,o king1 having thus secured the city of ,dwaravati the ,ydavas1 along with their friends1 lived there happily as do the gods in their own city4 ,o descendant of ,bhrata1 thus informed of the approach of ,klayavana ,krishna1 the slayer of ,keshi1 set out for the city of ,dwravati1 in fear of ,jarsndha 7#cd-ce74 ,,chapter ,,cxiv4 ,,account ,,of ,,kalayavana4 ,janamejaya said3--,o reverend sir1 ,i wish to listen at length to the history of the high-souled and intelligent ,vsudeva1 the foremost of ,yadus 7#a74 ,o foremost of the twice-born1 why did ,janrddana1 without fighting1 leave ,mathura the only abode of ,lakshmi 7the goddess of prosperity71 the hump 7the most elevated7 of ,central ,india1 the very summit of the earth1 abounding in profuse corns1 wealth and beautiful houses1 and consisting of many worshipful ,aryans8 ,how did ,klayavana behave towards ,krishna8 ,having obtained the watery fortress ,dwark what did the great ,yogin of hard penances the mighty-armed ,janrddana do 7#b-e78 ,whose son was ,klayavana and how powerful was he8 ,do thou describe all this to me 7#f74 ,vaishampyana said3--,the high-minded ,grgya was the preceptor of both the ,andhaka and ,vrishni races4 ,he always observed the vow of celibacy2 and although he had a wife he did not know her4 ,while the eternal ,grgya1 who was a master of passions1 was thus spending his days this brother-in-law described him as impotent before the king 7#g-h74 ,o king1 having been thus dishonored in the city of ,ajitanjaya and giving up his desire of being united with his wife out of anger for his brother-in-law1 ,grgya engaged in hard penances for obtaining a son4 ,and living on pounded iron for twelve years he worshipped ,mahdeva1 the holder of trident4 ,for this ,rudra conferred on him a boon that he would obtain an all powerful son who would be able to discomfit in battle the descendants of the ,vishni and ,andhaka races 7#i-aj74 ,the king of ,yavanas had no son4 ,hearing of the boon of having a son conferred upon ,grgya1 the foremost of the twice-born by ,mahdeva1 the king brought him over to his own kingdom4 ,and having consoled him he engaged the milk-women to attend him in their own settlement4 ,having assumed the guise of a milk-woman1 an ,apsara1 ,gopli by name1 conceived that dreadful and undecaying embryo through ,grgya 7#ab-ad74 ,thus by the command of the holder of trident1 ,grgya begat on the ,apsara1 assuming the form of a woman and living by him like a wife1 the highly powerful hero ,klayavana4 ,and he was brought up in the inner appartment1 like his son1 of the king ,yavanas who had no issue4 ,o king1 after the demise of the lord of ,yavanas ,kalyavana became king4 ,and being desirous of fighting when he questioned the leading twice-born ones about his antagonist ,narada pointed out the heroes of the ,vrishnu and ,andhaka races 7#ae-ag74 ,krishna1 the powerful slayer of ,madhu1 took no notice of ,klayavana1 although he grew up in the midst of the ,yavanas because he had heard from ,narada the story of his obtaining the boon 7#ah74 ,when the king of ,yavanas grew exceedingly powerful1 ,shaka1 ,tukhra ,darava1 ,parava1 ,tangana1 ,khasha1 ,panhava and hundreds of ,mlechcha kings1 living near ,himavan1 took shelter under him 7#ai-bj74 ,encircled by those ,dasyu kings resembling a swarm of locusts1 assuming various dresses and holding various weapons1 the king of ,yavanas set out for ,mathura 7#ba74 ,he agitated the surface of the earth with innumerable horses1 elephants1 asses1 camels and a huge army 7#bb74 ,the path of the sun was covered with the dust raised by the soldiers4 ,by the urine and excreta of the soldiers a river was created 7#bc74 ,and because that river issued from the excreta of the horses and camels it passed by the name of ,aswasakrit 7#bd74 ,hearing of the approach of this huge army ,vsudeva1 the leader of the ,vrishnis and ,andhakas1 addressed his kinsmen1 saying 7#be73--;,great is the calamity that has befallen the descendants of the ,vrishni and ,andhaka races4 ,for this enemy is unslayable by us on account of the boon conferred on him by the holder of the trident 7#bf74 ,i employed all other means as conciliation etc4 to win him over4 ,but he wishes for battle worked up with pride 7#bg74 ',i am to live here3' this ,nrada said to me2 ,i too tell you this 7#bh74 ,the emperor ,jarsandha is not forgiving towards us2 and the other kings too1 assailed by the ,vrishni discus and on account of the distruction of ,kansa1 have been displeased with us and sought refuge with the ,magadha king4 ,under the protection of ,jarsandha they want to obstruct us3 and many kinsmen of the ,ydavas have been slain by them4 ,what more we will never acquire prosperity if we live in this city4 ,saying this and desirous of retreating ,keshava sent an envoy to the king of ,yavanas4 ,in order to terrorize him 7the king of ,yavanas7 the highly intelligent ,mdhava put a highly dreadful black serpent1 resembling a collection of collyrium1 into a jar and sealed it up4 ,he then sent it to the king of ,yavanas through his own emissary4 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 having said ,krishna is like a deadly serpent that emissary showed the jar to ,klayavana4 ,thereupon understanding that the ,yadavas had sent it to terrorize him ,kalayavana filled that jar with dreadful ants4 ,thereat that serpent was eaten up by the innumerable ants having sharp beaks and was reduced to ashes4 ,thereupon sealing up that jar1 ,klayavana sent it with a profuse description to ,krishna 7#bi-cg74 ,observing his own expedient baffled ,vsudeva soon left the city of ,mathur and went to ,dwarka 7#cc74 ,o king1 after that in order to put an end to hostilities1 that highly illustrious and powerful hero1 ,vasudeva settled all the heroes in ,dwark and having consoled them1 set out on foot for ,mathur with only his own arm for his weapon 7#ci-dj74 ,klayavana was pleased at seeing him and confronted him with rage4 ,the highly powerful ,krishna too attracted him of his own accord4 ,in order to get hold of ,govinda the lord of ,yavanas pursued him1 but could not catch that ,yogin 7#da-db74 ,on account of his being successful in the war between gods and demons the former offered a boon to the highly powerful and illustrious king ,muchakunda1 the son of ,mndhta who prayed for sleep4 ,o king1 because he was tired in battle he repeatedly said3--,o gods1 ,i will1 with my eyes burning in anger1 consume him who will arouse me from my sleep 7#dc-de74 ,the deities along with their king said ,so be it4 ,having been thus ordered by the gods1 that king1 worn out with fatigue1 first came to the king of mountains4 ,and then entering into a cave he was asleep till he was seen by ,krishna4 ,nrada communicated to ,krishna the boon obtained by ,muchukunda and his power4 ,and therefore when pursued by his ,mlechcha enemy he humbly entered into ,muchukunda's cave 7#df-di74 ,in order to avoid the look of the royal saint ,keshava1 the foremost of the intelligent1 sat near his head 7#ee74 ,following ,vsudeva1 the wicked minded ,yavana king entered into the cave and saw that king there4 ,and like an insect falling into fire he kicked that king with his foot for his own destruction 7#ea-eb74 ,with the touch of the foot the royal saint ,muchukunda awoke and was highly enraged on account of the break of his sleep 7#ec74 ,thereupon recollecting the boon that was conferred by ,indra he looked at the ,yavana king with angry eyes4 ,as soon as he was eyed1 the king of ,yavanas was all ablaze 7#ed74 ,o king1 as a lightning consumes a dried tree so the fire1 engendered by the energy of ,muchukunda's eyes1 in no time reduced ,klayavana to ashes 7#ee74 ,having thus acquired victory by virtue of his own intellect ,vsudeva went to the emperor ,muchukunda1 who was engaged in sleep for a long time and addressed to him the following most excellent words 7#ef73--,o king1 ,i have heard from ,nrada--that thou art asleep for a long time4 ,thou hast performed a great work for me4 ,may good betide thee4 ,i depart 7#eg74 ,beholding ,vasudeva of short stature the king ,muchukunda thought3--,i was asleep for a long time and the cycle has been changed4 ,then the emperor said to ,govinda3--,who are you8 ,why have you come here8 ,tell me if you can1 how long ,i was asleep8 7#ef-ei7 ,krishna said3--,there flourished a king in the ,lunar dynasty1 by name ,yayti1 son of ,nahusha4 ,yadu was his eldest son4 ,he had four other sons ,turvasu and others4 ,o lord1 know me1 as ,vsudeva1 the son of ,vasudeva born in ,yadu's family4 ,for some work ,i had come to you 7#fj-fa74 ,o king1 ,i have heard from ,nrada that you fell asleep in the ,treta ,yuga3 and now the ,kali has set in4 ,tell me1 what more ,i can do for you presently 7#fb74 ,o king1 you have reduced him to ashes by virtue of the boon conferred on you by the gods whom1 fighting for a hundred years1 ,i could not slay 7#fc74 ,vaishampyana said3--,thus accosted by ,krishna the king ,muchukunda issued out of the cave4 ,and having accomplished his object the intelligent ,vsudeva too followed him 7#fd74 ,having come out from the mouth of the cave he saw that the earth had been covered with men of short stature and of limited energy1 strength and prowess and that his kingdom had been occupied by others 7#fe74 ,having seen all this and resolved upon practising hard penances the king dismissed ,krishna and entered into thickets of the ,himalaya 7#ff74 ,having carried on austerities there he died and repaired to the celestial region acquired by his own good actions 7#fg74 ,having brought about the destruction of his own enemy through this expedient1 the pious-souled and intelligent ,vsudeva went to his soldiers and set out with that army consisting of cars1 elephants and horses1 who had their master slain 7#fh-fi74 ,having thus attained to the consummate accomplishment of his object and conferred upon the king ,ugrasena that four-fold army ,janrddana embellished the city of ,dwark with wealth acquired by him 7#gj74 ,,chapter ,,cxv4 ,,the ,,laying ,,out ,,of ,,dwarka4 ,vaishampayana said3--,thereupon when the sun rose in the clear morning1 ,hrishikesha1 the descendant of ,yadu1 having performed his morning ablution and sat for some time at the outskirt of the forest1 began to survey it for finding out a site where he would build a fortress4 ,the principal members of the ,yudu race followed him 7#a-b74 ,thereafter in an auspicious day under the auspices of the planet ,rohini he offered immense presents to the ,brhmanas and made them perform benedictory rites4 ,he then commenced the work of the building of the fort4 ,thus when the construction of the fort was taken in hand1 like unto ,indra addressing the gods1 the lotus-eyed slayer of ,keshi1 the foremost of creators1 said to the ,yadavas 7#c-d74 ,o ye ,ydavas1 behold the site that ,i have selected like unto the very abode of the gods4 ,i have also selected the name under which it will be celebrated on earth 7#e74 ,i am laying out courtyards1 promenades1 well-levelled roads and inner appartments1 all those marks1 for which this city of mine will be celebrated on earth by the name of ,dwravati like unto ,indra's ,amarvti 7#f-g74 ,taking ,ugrasena before you and putting impediments in the ways of your enemies do you enjoy here shorn of anxiety like the celestials 7#h74 ,let all of you take lands for building houses2 let gardens and crossings of four roads be laid out and let a survey of roads and walls be taken 7#i74 ,let artizans1 expert in building houses and masons be sent round the country4 ,thus accosted the ,ydavas gladly selected sites for building their own houses4 ,o king1 some of the ,yadavas engaged in measuring their own lands with ropes and some of them began to worship the tutelary deity by adorning the ,brahmanas on that auspicious day4 ,thereupon the high-minded ,govinda said to the masons3--,do ye build for me a temple for my tutelary deity1 well laid out with courtyards and roads 7#aj-ad74 ,having said ,so be it to the mighty-armed ,krishna1 the masons collected all the materials for building the fort and began to lay out the gate and the boundary line4 ,temples1 in proper places1 were built for ,brahm1 the god of sacrifices1 ,indra1 the presiding deities of fire and water and other gods4 ,they then constructed the four gates of the temples 7namely ,shudrksha1 ,aindra1 ,bhallta and ,pushpadantka47 ,thus when the houses of the high-souled ,yadavas were constructed1 ,mdhava thought of laying out the city very soon4 ,thereupon there arose by accident a pure intellect in his mind conducive to the well-being of the ,yadavas and of the city1 by which1 he could soon lay out the city4 7,he thought7 that ,prajpati's son1 the powerful ,viswakarm1 the foremost of architects1 would construct the city4 ,thereupon1 seated in a solitary place with his face directed towards the celestial region ,krishna thought of ,viswakarm1 in his mind1 so that he might come there 7#ae-ba74 ,in the meantime the highly intelligent celestial architect1 ,viswakarma1 the foremost of gods1 came there and stood before ,krishna 7#bb74 ,viswakarma said3--,o ,vishnu of firm vows1 despatched speedily by the king of gods1 this thy servant has arrived here2 what command am ,i to carry out 7#bc78 ,o god1 thou art adorable unto me as the grand-father 7,brahm7 and the three-eyed deity 7,siva74 ,o lord1 there is no difference amongst the three 7#bd74 ,o thou of large arms1 do thou gladly issue command to me as thou dost order the three worlds 7#be74 ,hearing the humble words of ,viswakarma1 ,keshava1 the foremost of ,yudus and the slayer of ,kansa1 replied1 in incomparable words 7#bf73--,o foremost of gods1 you were also present there and listened to our counsels held in private for the behoof of gods4 ,you are now to build a house for me here 7#bg74 ,o you of firm vows1 do you build a city here for manifesting my own self and decorate it with houses befitting my power 7#bh74 ,you are an expert1 ,o you of great intellect2 what shall ,i tell you more4 ,build for me such a city that it may be celebrated on earth like ,amarvati2 you are to build here such a house for me as ,i have in the celestial region so that the mortals may see the beauty of my city and of the ,yadu race 7#bi-cj74 ,thus accosted the intelligent ,viswakarm said to ,krishna of unwearied actions1 the destroyer of the enemies of the celestials 7#ca74 ,o lord1 ,i shall do all that thou hast ordered4 ,but thy city will not sufficiently accommodate such a number of men4 ,so very extensive should be thy city that even the four oceans1 in their full forms1 may range here 7#cb-cc74 ,o foremost of ,purusas1 if the ocean1 of his own accord1 gives a little more room then thy city may turn highly extensive 7#cd74 ,krishna1 the foremost of orators1 had already settled this4 ,therefore thus spoken to by the celestial architect he said to the ocean1 the lord of rivers 7#cg73--,o ocean1 if you have any respect for me1 then withdraw thy form in the water extending over twelve yojanas 7#cf74 ,if you give room1 this city1 abounding in wealth and enjoyments1 will be able to afford accommodation to my huge army 7#cc74 ,hearing the words of ,krishna1 the ocean1 the lord of rivers1 offered him his bed1 resorting to his yoga power4 ,observing the respect shown to ,govinda by the ocean and the site for building the city ,vishwakarma was highly pleased 7#ch-ci74 ,thereupon ,vishwakarm said to ,krishna1 the descendant of ,yadu3--,from even this very day you will settle down in the city4 ,o lord1 ,i had already made a plan of this most excellent city in my mind4 ,so in no time it will be decorated with the rows of houses 7#dj-da74 ,this charming city will be like the hump of the earth on account of its beautiful gateways1 gates and upper-storied rooms 7#db74 ,thereupon having constructed that city in the region liked by the gods he built the inner appartment of ,krishna consisting of bathing houses 7#dc74 ,thus by ,viswakarma's mental effort that beautiful ,vaishnava city1 by name ,dwarkvati1 was built 7#dd74 ,that city was properly protected by doors1 adorned with most excellent walls1 girt by ditches1 filled with palaces1 beautiful men and women1 traders and various articles of merchandise4 ,and although it was established on earth1 it appeared like one ranging in the sky4 ,it was adorned with pools1 streamlets of pure water and with gardens4 ,it was covered on all sides like a damsel of spacious eyes4 ,it had prosperous court-yards1 high edifices stricken by clouds1 many clear public roads and streets for carriages4 ,as ,indra's city beautifies the celestial region1 so that city1 prosperous with all sorts of jems1 adorned the ocean on earth 7#de-di74 ,that city1 a beautiful field for heroes1 that creates envy in the hearts of the neighbouring kings1 covered even the sky with its palaces 7#ej74 ,that city was filled with the noise of people hailing from the various kingdoms of earth and the air was saturated with the water of the waves of the ocean 7#ea74 ,with its charming sea-side and gardens that beautiful city ,dwark1 delightful to the females1 shone like the welkin studded with stars 7#eb74 ,that city was encircled by walls of sun-like and golden lustre1 was filled with golden houses and gates like white clouds and was adorned with palaces4 ,at some places the high roads were full of high palaces 7#ed74 ,as the moon lights up the sky1 so ,krishna1 the enhancer of the joy of the ,yadavas1 encircled by his own people1 began to live in that celestial city abounding in jewels and built by ,viswakarm 7#ee74 ,having laid out that city resembling that of the celestials and been honored by ,govinda the ,divine ,architect repaired to the region of gods 7#ef74 ,thus when the city was laid out ,krishna1 who was conversant with the knowledge of ,spirit1 felt a desire of gratifying his own people1 who were poor1 with profuse riches 7#eg74 ,thereupon in one night the powerful ,upendra invited the foremost of ,nidhis1 ,sankha1 who was an attendant of the god of riches ,vaishravana1 to his own house4 ,as desired by ,keshava the lord of ,dwravati1 ,sankha came to him4 ,as he used to respect ,vaishravana1 ,sankha1 humbly and with folded hands1 bowed to him and said3--,o lord1 ,i am a guard of treasures of the gods4 ,o descendant of ,yadu1 ,o thou of large arms1 tell me what command of thine ,i am to carry out 7#eg-fa7 ,hearing this ,hrishikesha said to that best of ,guhyakas ,sankha3--,give enough of riches to those men of my city who have little wealth4 ,i do not like to see any man in this city unfed1 lean1 dirty and poor and nor do ,i wish to hear any man cry out ',give me some thing' 7#fb-fc74 ,vaishampyana3--,in order to satisfy ,keshava's order ,sankha1 the foremost of ,kuvera's attendants1 ordered them to shower heaps of wealth in every house of ,dwravati and they accordingly did so4 ,therefore there remained no man poor1 or of limited means 7#fd-fe74 ,thereupon that ,divine ,purusha1 ever doing good by the ,ydavas1 sent for the 7wind god7 ,vayu1 the vital air of animals1 who1 appearing before ,gddhara1 seated alone1 said ,o god1 ,i am quick-coursing and can go everywhere4 ,what shall ,i do for thee8 ,o sinless one1 as ,i am an emissary of the gods1 so ,i am yours4 ,hearing this the mystic ,purusha ,krishna said to ,vayu1 the life of the universe1 present there in his own form3--,go to the gods and their king and offering them my respects beg of them the assembly ,hall ,sudharm and bring it to ,dwark 7#ff-ga74 ,o ,vyu1 these pious ,ydavas1 endued with prowess1 will enter into it2 therefore do not bring the false one2 for that undecaying assembly hall only1 capable of going and assuming forms at will1 will be able to accommodate these god-like ,ydavas 7#gb-gc74 ,hearing the words of ,krishna of unwearied actions1 ,vyu1 in his course fleet like the mind1 repaired to the celestial region and communicated to the gods ,keshava's complements and request4 ,and then taking the assembly-hall ,sudharm he returned on earth 7#gd-ge74 ,thereupon presenting to the pious and energetic ,krishna that ,sudharm hall the wind-god disappeared 7#gf74 ,as it was placed in the land of celestials for the gods so that ,sudharm hall was placed by ,keshava in ,dwaravati for the leading ,yadavas 7#gg74 ,thus with divine1 earthly and watery articles the eternal and intelligent ,hari decorated the city of ,dwravati like unto his own wife 7#gh74 ,thereupon having fixed the limits of the city the emperor ,ugrasena placed in their proper places the commanders of armies and the heads of clans4 ,he then settled in their respective places the priest ,sndipani1 the commander-in-chief ,anadhristhi1 the foremost of ministers ,vikadru1 and the ten elderly persons headed by ,udhava1 always engaged in ,yadava's works4 ,of the car-warriors the mighty car-warrior ,druka was appointed ,keshava's charioteer and1 ,satyaki1 the foremost of warriors1 the commander of his army 7#gi-hb74 ,having made these arrangements for his city1 the blameless ,krishna1 the creator of the world1 began to live happily on earth along with the ,yadavas4 ,a few days after with ,reshava's consent ,baladeva acquired the good-natured daughter of ,revata1 by name ,revati 7#hc-hd74 ,,chapter ,,cxvvi4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,rukshmi3 ,,krishna ,,takes ,,away ,,rukshmini4 ,vaishampyana said3--,in the meantime in order to satisfy the king of ,chedis the powerful ,jarsandha announced ,a marriage with presents of gold coins and ornaments will be celebrated between the king ,shishupla and ,bhishmaka's daughter ,rukshmini4 ,and he then excited for battle the highly powerful ,suvaktra the son of ,dantavakra1 an expert in illusions like unto the thousand-eyed deity1 the highly powerful and energetic ,sudeva1 the master of one ,akshouhini of soldiers1 and the son of ,vsudeva1 the king of ,poundra1 the highly powerful son of ,ekalavya1 the son of ,pandya king1 the powerful king of ,kalinga1 the king ,venudri1 an enemy of ,krishana's1 ,aushumn1 ,krtha1 ,shrutarva1 the kings of ,kalinga and ,gndhara1 the highly powerful ,praghasa1 the king of ,kashi and others 7#a-h74 ,janamejaya said3--,o foremost of the twice-born conversant with the ,vedas1 in what country and in whose family the effulgent king ,rukshmi was born 7#i78 ,vaishampyana said3--,bidarbha1 the son of royal saint ,ydhava1 constructed a city by name ,bidarbhi1 on the southern side of the mount ,vindhya 7#aj74 ,his highly powerful and energetic sons1 ,kratha and others became all kings of separate kingdoms and founded separate familes 7#aa74 ,o king1 of them the ,vrishnis were born in the family of ,bhima4 ,aushumn was born in ,kratha's family and ,bhishmaka1 whom people call ,hiranyaroma1 the king of ,deccan1 was born in ,kaishika's family4 ,the king ,bhishmaka1 who1 living in the city of ,kundina1 used to govern the southern quarter presided over by ,agastya1 had a son by name ,rukshmi and a daughter by name ,rukshmini4 ,the highly powerful ,rukshmi obtained divine weapons from ,druma and ,brahma weapon from ,jamadagni's son ,rma4 ,he always used to boast before ,krishna of wonderful deeds 7#ab-ae74 ,o king1 ,rukshmini was of matchless beauty on earth and therefore the highly effulgent ,vsudeva desired to possess her as soon as he heard of it 7#af74 ,rukshmini too1 hearing of ,janrddana1 endued with energy and strength1 wished4 ,he only will be my husband 7#ag74 ,filled with grief on account of ,kansa's death and thinking he is his enemy the highly powerful ,rukshmi did not confer ,rukshmini on the highly energetic ,krishna although he prayed for her 7#ah74 ,the emperor ,jarsandha begged that maiden1 of ,bhishmaka of dreadful power1 for the ,chedi king ,shishupala1 the son of ,sunitha 7#ai74 ,the king ,vrihadratha1 who formerly made the city of ,girivraja in the province of ,magadha1 was the son of the ,chedi king ,vasu4 ,in his family was born the highly powerful ,jarsandha2 and the ,chedi king ,damaghosha was also born in the same family 7#bj-ba74 ,damaghosha begat on ,vasudeva's sister ,shrutashrav five sons of dreadful prowess1 namely1 ,dashagriva1 ,raivahy1 ,upadisha and ,bali4 ,they were all heroic1 energetic1 powerful and well-versed in the use of all sorts of weapons 7#bb-bc74 ,the king ,sunitha handed over to ,jarsandha1 born in his own family1 his son ,shishupla1 who brought him up just like his own son 7#bd74 ,in order to please the highly powerful ,jarsandha1 an enemy of the ,vrishnis1 under whose protection he was brought up the ,chedi king ,shishupala quarrelled with them 7#be74 ,kansa was ,jarsandha's son-in-law4 ,on account of his being slain in the arena there took place a dissension between him and the ,vrishnis for ,krishna 7#bf74 ,at that time the king of ,magadha wanted ,rukshmini from the powerful ,bhishmaka for ,sunitha's son ,shishupla4 ,and he too promised to confer her on him 7#bg74 ,thereupon the emperor ,jarasandha1 with ,shishupala and ,dantavakra1 started for ,vidarbha4 ,and the intelligent ,poundra-king ,vasudeva1 the highly powerful kings of ,anga1 ,banga and ,kalinga followed him 7#bh-bi74 ,by going out in advance ,rukshmini honored those kings and welcomed them to his city 7#cj74 ,in order to please their father's sister ,rma and ,krishna1 with the mighty ,vrishni car-warriors and their army1 went to that city 7#ca74 ,kratha1 the king of ,kaishika received and duly welcomed those worshipful ,ydhavas who lived outside the city 7#cb74 ,on the day previous to that of the wedding1 ,rukshmini1 gifted with all auspicious marks1 after the performance of benedictory rites1 shining in her beauty and on a car drawn by four horses and protected by soldiers1 was going from her house to that of ,indra in order to worship ,sachi 7#cc-cd74 ,krishna saw1 near the temple1 ,rukshmini1 the best of beauties1 like unto the burning flame of fire1 as if she were the goddess of illusions descended on earth1 or the goddess earth herself coming out of the nether region1 or the very goddess ,shri 7the goddess of prosperity7 the foremost of damsels1 gentle like the rays of the moon1 and separated from her lotus1 coming down on earth as his wife4 ,that damsel of dark-blue hue and large eyes1 ,rukshmini1 was seated on a car4 ,and though the gods even could not see her with their mind ,krishna could see her4 ,her lips1 eyes and the corners were coppery1 thighs1 hips and breast were plump1 her body was tall but thin and beautiful2 her countenance was like the moon1 her nails were red2 eye-brows were charming1 hairs were curling and black and her beauty was highly picturesque4 ,her face was beautified by rows of equal and white teeth 7#ce-dj74 ,seeing the beautiful ,rukshmini1 the foremost of damsels1 clad in a blue raiment1 matchless in the world at that time for her beauty1 fame and grace ,krishna's desire grew powerful like fire to which clarified butter is offered and his mind was attracted by her4 ,thereupon consulting with ,rma before the ,vrishnis he made up his mind for stealing her away 7#da-dc74 ,thereupon as soon as ,rukshmini came out of the temple after performing the puja1 ,janrddana assailed all her bodyguards and took her away by force to his own car 7#dd74 ,rma too1 uprooting a huge tree1 began to send away the attacking enemies as guests to the house of ,death 7#de74 ,according to the command of ,baladeva the ,dshrhas too dressed themselves completely2 and various cars with unfurled flags1 horses and elephants encircled ,rma4 ,having entrusted the charge of that warfare with ,rma1 ,yujudhna1 ,akrura1 ,viprithu1 ,gada1 ,kritavarma1 ,chakradeva1 ,sudeva1 the highly powerful ,srana1 ,nivrittashatru1 the valiant ,bhangakra1 ,viduratha1 ,ugrasen's son ,kanka1 ,shatadyumna1 ,rjdhideva1 ,mridara1 ,prasena1 ,chitraka1 ,atidnta1 ,vrihaddurga1 ,shwaphalka1 ,satyaka1 ,prithu and the other heroes of the ,vrishni and ,andhaka races1 the powerful slayer of ,madhu1 ,keshava speedily set out for ,dwrak with ,rukshmini 7#df-eb74 ,armed with coats of mail the powerful ,dantavakra1 ,shishupala and ,jarsandha issued out in anger to kill ,janrddana 7#eb74 ,the highly powerful king of ,chedi1 too1 went out with the kings of ,anga1 ,banga1 ,kalinga1 and ,poundra and his mighty car-warrior brothers 7#ec74 ,as the gods1 headed by ,vasudeva1 fight with their antagonists1 so the highly powerful ,vrishnis1 headed by ,sangkarshana1 gave them battle in anger 7#ed74 ,in that great battle ,satyaki1 with six winged shafts1 speedily pierced the highly powerful ,janrddana1 who attacked them 7#ee74 ,when ,akrura struck ,dantavakra with nine arrows1 ,krusha king wounded him in return with ten quick-coursing arrows 7#ef74 ,struck by ,viprithu with seven shafts the powerful ,shishupla pierced him in return with eight 7#eg74 ,thereafter ,gaveshana with six arrows1 ,atidnta with eight and ,vrihaddurga with five pierced the king of ,chedi4 ,he too1 piercing each of them in return with five arrows1 killed the four horses of ,viprithu with four arrows 7#eh-ei74 ,the next moment sundering ,vrihaddurga's head with ,bhalla1 the king of ,chedi1 the slayer of his enemies1 sent ,gaveshana's charioteer to the abode of ,yama4 ,leaving his car1 the horses whereof were slain the energetic and the highly powerful ,viprithu speedily got upon ,vrihaddurga's car4 ,and his charioteer1 getting upon ,gaveshana's car1 drove his quick-coursing steeds 7#fj-fb74 ,thereupon the ,ydavas1 with bows and arrows in hands1 angrily covered ,sunitha with a downpour of shafts1 who was dancing on the car 7#fc74 ,having pierced the breast of ,dantavakra with arrows in the battle-field ,chakradeva as sailed ,praghasa with five arrows4 ,he too was wounded by them both with ten shafts cutting to the very vitals4 ,thereupon ,shishupla's brother ,bali wounded ,chakradeva with ten arrows and ,viduratha with five4 ,then the highly powerful ,viduratha struck ,bali with six sharpened arrows and himself was wounded in return with thirty arrows4 ,having pierced ,vasudeva's son with three arrows ,kritavarma killed his charioteer and struck down his standard4 ,seeing it ,poundra wounded him in return with six arrows and cut off his bow with his ,bhalla4 ,vivrittashatru pierced the king of ,kalinga with sharpened arrows1 and the king of ,kalinga too1 struck him1 in return1 on the shoulder with an iron club4 ,the valiant ,kanka made his elephant fall upon that of the king of ,anga and wounded his person with his club4 ,anga too assailed him with his arrows4 ,the mighty car-warriors ,chitraka1 ,shwaphalka1 and ,satyaki struck the car-warriors of ,kalinga1 with winged arrows4 ,in the battle-field1 ,rma hurled a tree in anger and killed with it the king of ,banga1 and his elephant4 ,having slain the king of ,banga the valiant ,sangkarshana got upon his chariot and taking up a bow sent a number of ,kaishikas to the abode of ,yama with his dreadful arrows4 ,thereupon having slain the great bow-men ,krushas with six arrows1 and killed a hundred horses of the ,magadha army that mighty-armed and powerful car-warrior ran towards ,jarsandha4 ,beholding the holder of mace 7,rma7 about to fall on him the king of ,magadha cut him with three winged arrows4 ,he too1 wounding him in return with eight winged arrows1 cut off with his ,bhalla in anger his golden standard4 ,thus there took place a terrible encounter between them both showering arrows on and striking each other resembling that between gods and demons4 ,engaged angrily in conflict with one another1 the elephant riders with the elephant riders1 the car-warriors with the car-warriors1 the cavalry with the cavalry1 the infantry armed with spears1 swords and armours with the foot-soldiers1 they1 cutting off their heads respectively1 began to range in the battle-field4 ,there was heard like the cries of the birds the sound of the fall of swords and arrows on armours4 ,the sound of bugles1 conches1 trumpets and flutes covered that of weapons and the twang of bows of the great warriors 7#fd-ha74 ,,chapter ,,cxivii4 ,,rukshmi ,,attacks ,,krishna ,,and ,,is ,,defeated4 ,vaishampyana said3--,hearing that his sister had been carried away by ,krishna ,rukshmi1 filled with anger1 promised before ,bhishmaka saying ,i shall not return to the city of ,kundina without slaying ,krishna and bringing back ,rukshmini 7#a-b74 ,saying this in anger the heroic ,rukshmi get upon a car abounding in dreadful weapons and flags4 ,and surrounded by a large army he speedily set out 7#c74 ,bhishmaka's sons1 the foremost of car-warriors1 ,krtha1 ,angshuman ,shrutarv1 the valiant ,venudri1 the kings of ,deccan and other mighty car-warriors1 headed by ,kratha and ,kaishika followed him 7#d-e74 ,having wended a great distance in anger they saw ,govinda with his beloved wife near the river ,narmada 7#f74 ,having kept his army there proud ,rukshmi1 in order to fight a duel of cars1 went to the slayer of ,madhu and pierced him with sixty four sharpened arrows4 ,janrddana too wounded him in return with seventy arrows 7#g-h74 ,although ,rukshmi was very careful the highly powerful and valiant ,mdhava cut off the standard of his car and the head of his charioteer from his body 7#f74 ,seeing him in difficulty the kings of ,deccan1 bent upon killing him1 encircled ,janrddana 7#aj74 ,the mighty armed ,anshumna struck him with ten arrows ,shutarv with five and ,venudri with seven 7#aa74 ,thereupon when the energetic ,govinda wounded the breast of ,angshuman that king1 in pain1 sat down on his car 7#ab74 ,thereafter having slain with four shafts the four horses of ,shrutarv ,mdhava cut down ,venudri's standard and and wounded his right arm 7#ac74 ,the very next moment he wounded ,shrutava with five arrows who1 in great-pain1 sat down1 holding the standard of the car 7#ad74 ,while ,vsudeva began thus to make a downpour of arrows1 all the mighty car-warriors1 ,krtha1 ,kaishika and others ran towards him 7#ae74 ,janrddana1 in anger1 cut off their arrows with his own4 ,and although they were very careful he wounded them all 7#af74 ,having wounded all those kings with sixty four arrows that highly powerful one ran towards other angry kings 7#ag74 ,beholding his army taking to their heels ,rukshmi1 filled with anger1 wounded ,keshava on the breast with five sharpened arrows1 his charioteer with three such shafts and sundered his standard with a bent one 7#ah-ai74 ,piercing in anger1 ,rukshmi with sixty arrows ,keshava cut off his bow although he was very careful 7#bj74 ,taking up another such bow the energetic ,rukshmi began to discharge celestial weapons for killing ,keshava 7#ba74 ,counteracting his weapons with his own the highly powerful ,mdhava again cut off his bow and car with three arrows 7#bb74 ,thus having his bow and car sundered the heroic and valiant king ,rukshmi1 taking up his sword and shield1 jumped down from the car 7#bc74 ,beholding him thus leap down ,keshava1 in anger1 cut off his sword which fell down on the battle-field and pierced his breast with three winged arrows 7#bd74 ,thereupon the mighty-armed king ,rukshmi1 resounding the whole earth1 fell down unconscious like a mighty demon struck down by a thunderbolt 7#ee74 ,thereupon ,keshava began to assail other kings with his arrows4 ,they however1 beholding ,rukshmi fallen1 took to their heels 7#bf74 ,beholding her brother lying down motionless on earth1 ,rukshmini1 for his life1 fell at ,vishnu's feet 7#bg74 ,keshava took up her1 embraced and consoled her4 ,and then promising safety to ,rukshmi he set out for his own city 7#bh74 ,on the other hand having vanquished ,jarsandha and others1 the ,vrishnis1 headed by ,rma1 gladly set out for ,dwarka 7#bi74 ,after the departure of the lotus-eyed ,keshava ,shutarv came to the battle-field1 placed ,rukshmi on his own car and took him to his own city 7#cj74 ,being unable to bring back his sister and seeing his promise broken the haughty and sensitive ,rukshmi did not like to enter into the city of ,kundina 7#ca74 ,for his residence he built another city in the province of ,bidharbha which is celebrated on earth under the name of ,bhojakata 7#cb74 ,residing in that city the highly powerful ,rukshmi began to govern the southern districts and the mighty-armed king ,bhishmaka lived in the city of ,kundina 7#cc74 ,when ,rma1 with the ,vrishni army1 arrived at ,dwrak the powerful ,keshav duly espoused ,rukshmini 7#cd74 ,thereupon as did ,rma lively happily with ,sit1 as ,purandara lived with ,sachi1 ,puloma's daughter so he enjoyed in the company of his sweet partner 7#ce74 ,that beautiful1 good natured and chaste ,rukshmini1 endued with all accomplishments1 was the first wife of ,krishna 7#cf74 ,the powerful ,mdhava begat on her ten sons--all mighty car-warriors1 namely the highly powerful ,pradyumna1 ,chrudeshna1 ,sudeshna1 ,sushena1 ,charugupta1 the valiant ,charuvaha1 ,chruvinda1 ,suchru1 ,bhadracharu and ,chru1 the foremost of the strong and a daughter by name ,chrumati4 ,they were all masters of weapons1 dreadful in battle and well read in religious lore and political science 7#cg-ci74 ,the mighty-armed ,madhusudana married seven other beautiful and accomplished maidens born in high families1 namely ,klindi1 ,mitravinda1 ,satya1 the daughter of ,nagnajita the king of ,ayodhy1 ,jmvavati1 the daughter of ,jmvavan1 ,rohini capable of assuming forms at will1 the good-natured daughter of ,madra king1 ,lakshman of fair eyes and ,satrjita's daughter ,satyabhm4 ,besides ,gndhri1 the daughter of ,shavya1 like unto an ,apsar in beauty1 was his another queen4 ,hrishikesha1 of unlimited prowess1 simultaneously married sixteen thousand maidens and enjoyed in their company simultaneously4 ,they were all used to luxuries and were honored with precious dresses and ornaments of all sorts as they desired4 ,and thousands of highly powerful and great sons1 whom ,mdhava begat on them1 were all great car-warriors1 endued with great strength1 masters of all weapons and performers of sacrifices and religious rites 7#dj-de74 ,,chapter ,,cxviii4 ,,marriage ,,of ,,rukshmavati4 ,vaishampyana said3--,after a few days the powerful ,rukshmi1 the slayer of his enemies1 announced that his daughter would make her choice of a husband 7#a74 ,for this invited by ,rukshmi many rich and powerful kings and princes came to his house from various countries 7#b74 ,prdyumna1 accompanied by other princes1 went there4 ,as soon as she saw him ,rukshmini's daughter wanted to marry him4 ,she too1 endued with grace and effulgence1 was celebrated on earth for her beauty4 ,keshava's son therefore wished to espouse that one of fair eyes 7#c-d74 ,thereupon when all the powerful kings took their seats in the ,swayamvara hall1 the ,bidarbha king's daughter chose ,pradyumna the slayer of enemies 7for her husband7 7#e74 ,for he was a master of arms and well-built like a lion4 ,besides ,keshava's son was peerless in beauty on earth 7#f74 ,and that beautiful1 youthful and accomplished princess too was attached to him like unto ,nryanas's wife ,indra-sen 7#g74 ,after the termination of the ,swayamvara the kings repaired to their respective cities and ,pradyumna too went to ,dwrak with the princess of ,bidarbha with him 7#h74 ,the hero lived happily in her company as did ,nala in that of ,damayanti4 ,pradyumna begat on her a son by name ,aniruddha1 like unto the son of a god and of matchless deeds on earth4 ,when1 ,aniruddha1 coming of age1 mastered the ,vedas1 the science of archery and the moral laws1 ,mdhava selected the beautiful gold-like ,rukshmavati1 the grand-daughter of ,rukshmi1 for his wife 7#i-aa74 ,o ,janamejaya1 the highly illustrious and intelligent king ,rukshmi used always to show rivalry with ,krishna2 still1 on account of the eagerness of his son and ,rukshmini he cast off his enmity and said with delightedness ,i confer ,rukshmavati on ,aniruddha endued with accomplishments and of a peaceful nature 7#ab-ac74 ,on this occasion ,keshava1 surrounded by his own army and accompanied by ,rukshmini1 ,sangkarshana1 his own sons and other ,ydavas1 went to ,bidarbha 7#ad74 ,rukshmi's kinsmen1 friends and allies came there also at his invitation 7#ae71 ,o king1 thereupon1 in an auspicious day and under the auspicies of a favourable planet ,aniruddha's wedding was celebrated with great festivity4 ,thus when ,aniruddha was married to the ,bidarbha princess1 the ,baidharvas and the ,yadavas performed a great festivity4 ,and adored there like immortals the ,vrishnis lived happily4 ,thereupon the liberal king of ,ashmaka1 ,venudri1 ,rukshma's son ,shrutarv1 ,chnura1 ,krtha1 ,angshuman1 the highly powerful king of ,kalinga1 ,jayatsena1 the king ,prdya and the beautiful king of ,rishka1 all these highly rich chiefs of ,deccan spoke secretly to the powerful ,rukshmi3--,you are an expert in dice and we too wish to play2 ,rma is a novice4 ,therefore following you we wish to defeat ,rma4 ,thus accosted the mighty car-warrior ,rukshmi approved of 7their proposal74 ,thereupon they all delightedly entered into a beautiful hall with golden pillars and its floor covered with flowers4 ,and it was sprinkled with sandal water4 ,those kings1 decorated with beautiful garlands and unguents1 and desirous of scoring victory1 entered into that hall and sat upon golden seats 7#af-bd74 ,invited by those deceitful kings expert in the game of dice1 ,rma gladly said3--,see ,i am sporting 7#be74 ,in order to vanquish ,revati's husband with a deceitful play the ,deecan chiefs brought to the place of gambling innumerable jems1 pearls and gold coins 7#bf74 ,thereupon there commenced the game of dice1 the object of dreadful quarrels1 a source of ruin to the wicked-minded and foe to friendship 7#bg74 ,in that game of dice with ,rukshmi1 ,baladeva betted from ten to a thousand gold coins 7#bh74 ,although the highly powerful ,baladeva was very careful ,rukshmi won that game and betted another such amount 7#bi74 ,thus repeatedly defeated by ,rukshmi the highly powerful elder brother of ,keshava betted one koti gold coins 7#cj74 ,saying to the holder of mace1 'you are defeated' and smiling the greatly wily ,rukshmi threw his dice4 ,and with pride he again said ,although unconquerable in battle1 ,baladeva1 a novice and weak in a game of dice1 has lost innumerable gold coins to me 7#ca-cb74 ,hearing it the king of ,kalinga1 delightedly and showing his teeth1 laughed aloud4 ,hearing those words of ,rukshmi relating to his defeat the holder of ploughshare 7,bala7 was worked up with anger4 ,assailed by the cutting words of ,bhishmaka's son1 the pious son of ,rohini1 although a master of anger1 again invoked his rage4 ,and although worked up with ire1 the highly powerful ,rama1 controlling his passions1 calmly said3--,my next bet is one hundred koti gold coins1 ,o king4 ,throwing red and copper coloured dice in this sinful country take all this 7#cc-cg74 ,thus addressed by ,rohini's son1 ,rukshmi1 the wretch of a man1 did not say anything at first1 then saying ,very well he again threw his dice 7#ch74 ,when the dice1 bearing four marks1 were thrown by him ,rukshmi was rightly defeated by ,rma4 ,but the descendant of ,bhoja did not admit it but smilingly said ,i have won the game4 ,hearing those deceiptful words ,baladeva was again filled with anger and therefore did not give any reply4 ,thereupon increasing the anger of the high-souled ,baladeva an invisible voice said solemnly like the muttering of clouds--,truly has said the beautiful ,baladeva4 ,rukshmi has been defeated in a fair play4 ,although they know at heart that they have been defeated still they do not admit it in words4 ,though ,baladeva says nothing1 still in fact1 he has won the game4 ,this is the truth 7#ci-dd74 ,hearing this well-expressed truthful word from the sky the powerful ,sangkarshena stood up and began to grind on earth1 ,rukshmi's elder brother with the huge dice board4 ,enraged at those words1 ,rma1 the foremost of ,yadus1 slew with force that harsh-speeched and jealous ,rukshmi 7#de-df74 ,thereupon coming out therefrom in anger he struck down the teeth of the ,kalinga king and began to roar there in anger like a lion4 ,then taking up a dagger he terrified all other kings4 ,afterwards uprooting1 like an elephant1 the golden pillars of the hall and terrifying the ,kaishikas there ,sangkarshana1 the foremost of the strong1 came out of the door 7#dg-di74 ,as a lion assails the little deer so having slain the wicked ,rukshmi1 ,rma1 the foremost of ,yadus1 encircled by his own men1 returned to his tent and communicated to ,keshava all that had happened 7#ej-ea74 ,the highly effulgent ,krishna said nothing to ,rma4 ,hearing of the death of her own brother and cursing her own self ,rukshmini began to shed tears in anger and said3--,alas1 ,rukshmi1 powerful like ,indra1 the slayer of hostile heroes who had not been slain by ,vsudeva before1 has been slain in the gambling-hall with the dice board hurled by ,rma4 7#eb-ed74 ,on the highly powerful son of ,bhishmaka1 ,rukshmi1 trained by ,bhrgava1 and well-versed in warfare and active like ,bhrgava himself1 being slain the ,vrishnis and ,andhakas were filled with sorrow4 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 you have thus listened to how the ,vrishnis became enemies1 of ,rukshmi and how he was slain4 ,o king1 a few days after this incident the ,vrishnis1 who were under ,rma and ,krishna1 came to the city of ,dwravati with profuse riches 7#ee-eh74 ,,chapter ,,cxix4 ,,baladeva',s ,,glorious ,,deeds ,,described4 ,janamejaya said3--,o ,saint1 ,i wish to listen again to the glorious deeds of the intelligent ,baladeva1 the personification of ,shesa1 the upholder of the earth 7#a74 ,sages1 well-read in ,puranas1 designate ,baladeva1 full of effulgence as highly noble and the highly powerful prime deity ,ananta4 ,o ,vipra1 therefore ,i wish to listen accurately to his deeds4 7#b-c74 ,vaishampyana said3--,in the ,puranas this highly energetic and powerful ,baladeva is described as the ,naga king ,sesha1 the mine of lustre1 who holds up the earth1 as the foremost of ,purushas1 as a teacher of ,yoga and as the foremost of those who are well-read in the ,mantras of the ,vedas4 ,many times he defeated ,jarsandha while fighting with clubs but he did not kill him 7#d-e74 ,the other celebrated kings1 of earth who followed the ,maagdha emperor1 were defeated by him in battle 7#f74 ,in wrestling with him even ,bhima1 of dreadful prowess1 endued with the strength of an ,ayuta elephant1 was defeated by him 7#g74 ,on account of his stealing awaya ,duryodhana's daughter ,lakshman1 ,jamvavati's son ,shmva was confined by those princes in the city of ,hastina4 ,hearing of his confinement the highly powerful ,rma went to that city for releasing him1 but did not find him4 ,thereat worked up with anger that powerful hero performed the following wonderful feat4 ,taking up his invincible1 incomparable1 and celestial weapon1 plough-share1 powerful like that of ,brahma and fixing it on the wall of the city he thought of1 throwing that city of the ,kauravas into the ,ganges 7#h-ab74 ,beholding his city thus whirled the king ,duryodhana sent ,shamva with his wife to the highly powerful ,rma and presented himself for his discipleship4 ,rma too accepted the ,kuru king as his disciple in club fighting4 ,o king1 from that time1 this whirling city is seen bent towards the ocean4 ,o king1 formerly in the ,birandirava forest1 ,halyudha1 the son of a hero1 killed ,pralamva1 with one stroke of his fist4 ,this too is one of his deeds well-known on earth4 ,he hurled up the huge-bodied demon1 ,dhenuka1 coming under the disguise of an ass and threw him up on the top of a tree4 ,and he too fell down dead on the surface of the earth 7#ac-ag74 ,the holder of plough-share made the great river ,yamuna1 the sister of ,yama1 of quick-current and going towards the ocean of salt water1 turn her course towards the city4 ,this too is one of his wonderful deeds 7#ah74 ,o king1 ,i have thus described to you the powerful deeds of ,baladeva of matchless strength1 the personation of ,sesha passing under the name of ,ananta4 ,you shall1 while listening to the ,purnas1 hear of many other most excellent feats of ,haladara1 the foremost of ,purushas1 which have not been described by me to day 7#ac-bj74 ,,chapter ,,cxx4 ,,the ,,defeat ,,of ,,the ,,asura ,,naraka4 ,janamejaya said3--,o great ,muni1 describe to me what the powerful ,vishnu did when he came over to ,dwrka after the destruction of ,rukshmi 7#a74 ,vaishampyana said3--,the beautiful and powerful lord ,vishnu1 having lotus eyes1 the enhancer of the delight of the ,yadavas1 encircled by them1 directed his mind towards ,dwrak 7#b7 ,the diverse riches and jewels1 he could lay his hands on any where1 he made the ,rkshasas bring over to his own house4 ,the great ,asuras1 ,dnavas and ,daityas1 who had acquired boons1 as also put in many obstacles at that time2 but the mighty-armed ,mdhava destroyed them all 7#c-d74 ,o king1 while ,mdhava lived in ,dwarak1 the ,dnava ,naraka1 the great enemy of the king of gods and a terror to the celestials1 presented many obstacles in his way 7#e74 ,that ,dnava1 residing at ,murtilinga1 an oppresser of all the gods1 used always to oppose the celestials and the ,rishis 7#f74 ,once on a time ,bhumi's son ,naraka1 the king of ,prgyotish1 went to a place called ,kasheru4 ,there assuming the form of an elephant he1 by force1 ravished ,twastha's daughter the beautiful ,chaturdashi4 ,and shorn of fear or sorrow he foolishly said3--,from this very day1 the ,rkshasas1 ,daityas and ,dnavas will bring for me all the jems the gods and men possess1 all that the entire earth contains and all that lie in the ocean4 ,saying this ,bhumi's son began to pilfer diverse riches and clothes4 ,but he did not enjoy them 7#g-aa74 ,the powerful ,naraka carried all the maidens of the gods1 ,gandharvas1 men and the seven divisions of the ,apsaras 7#ab74 ,thus sixteen thousand and one hundred chaste maidens1 wearing a single braid of hairs1 were brought 7#ac74 ,the powerful ,bhouma made a house for them on the mount ,mani in ,alak near the territory of the ,daitya ,maru 7#ad74 ,there the ten daughters of ,maru1 those maidens and the other leading ,rkshasas used to carry out his command and adore him1 the king of ,pragyotish4 ,o king1 the great ,asura ,naraka1 who had obtained a boon1 lived on the bank of the blue ocean 7#ae74 ,even all the ,asuras1 collected together1 could not perform before the dreadful feat which this great demon did 7#af74 ,o ,janamejaya1 for ear-rings the great demon ,naraka1 whom the goddess earth gave birth to and whose capital was ,prgyotish1 oppressed even ,aditi 7#ag74 ,he had four gate-keepers1 dreadful in battle1 namely ,hayagriva1 ,nisunda1 ,panchanada and the great ,asura ,muru with his thousand sons1 proud of his boon4 ,those warders1 terrors to those who perform pious deeds1 used to occupy even the aethireal way along with the ,rkshasas in battle 7#ah-ai74 ,for his destruction4 ,vasudeva1 of the ,vishni race1 begat the might-armed ,janrddana1 holding conch1 discus1 club and sword1 on ,devaki4 ,after holding consultation with one another the celestials selected the city of ,dwrak for the residence of the great ,purusha ,mdhava1 of well-known prowess on earth 7#bj-ba74 ,encircled by the great ocean and beautified with five hills1 that city of ,dwrak excelled that of ,indra even in beauty 7#bb74 ,the great assembly-hall in that city1 resembling that of gods1 which extended over a yojana and had huge golden door-ways1 was celebrated by the name of ,dshrha2 and the leading members of the ,vrishni and ,andhaka races1 headed by ,rma and ,krishna1 used to carry on their daily transactions there 7#bc-bd74 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 once on a time while the ,ydavas sat in that hall there blew the wind carrying celestial fragrance and there was a downpour of flowers 7#be74 ,in a moment a great noise1 covered with a net of lustre1 was heard in the sky4 ,within that effulgence1 ,vsava was seen1 seated on a white elephant and encircled by the gods 7#bf-bg74 ,rma1 ,krishna and the king ,ugrasena1 with other leading ,ydavas went out and welcomed the king of gods 7#bh74 ,afterwards coming down speedily from that elephant chief the king of gods embraced ,janrddana1 ,baladeva1 the king ,ahuka and then the other ,ydavas1 in order of age and rank4 ,and then adored by ,rma and ,krishna he entered into that magnificent assembly-hall4 ,seated there and adoring it the king of gods duly accepted arghya and other articles of hospitality 7#bi-ca74 ,then touching the auspicious countenance of his younger brother 7,krishna7 with his hand the highly powerful ,vsudava addressed to him the following consoling words 7#cb74 ,o ,devaki's son1 ,o slayer of ,madhu and of thy enemies1 hear for what ,i have come to thee 7#cc74 ,elated with the boon conferred on him by ,brahm the great ,asura ,naraka has foolishly stolen the ear-rings of ,aditi 7#cd74 ,he always acts against the gods and ,brhmanas and is on the look out for your loopholes4 ,do thou therefore kill that sinful wretch 7#ce74 ,this ,vinat's son ,guruda1 highly powerful1 capable of ranging anywhere and of assuming any strength and always moving in the sky1 will take thee there 7#cf74 ,o ,upendra1 ,bhumi's son1 ,naraka1 is unslayable by all creatures4 ,do thou soon kill that sinful one and come back 7#cg74 ,thus addressed by the king of gods1 the mighty-armed and lotus-eyed ,keshava promised to kill ,naraka 7#ch74 ,then taking up his conch1 discus1 club and sword1 he1 along with ,satyabhm1 sat on ,garuda's back and immediately started with ,sakra 7#ci74 ,before the very eyes of the leading ,yadus1 ,keshava1 assisted by the powerful ,garuda1 crossed the seven regions of the wind-gods and rose high up 7#dj74 ,then on account of the distance the king of gods1 seated on the elephant chief and ,janrddana1 seated on ,garuda1 appeared like the sun and the moon 7#da74 ,thereupon the ,gandharvas and ,apsaras chanting their glories in the sky they gradually disappeared 7#db74 ,then advising as to what he should do ,vsava1 the king of gods1 repaired to his own abode and ,krishna went to the city of ,prgyotish 7#dc74 ,at that time struck by the flapping of ,garuda's wings the wind blew in a contrary direction and the sky rangers were assailed by clouds of dreadful sound 7#dd74 ,by the help of that sky-ranging bird ,mdhava1 in no time1 reached his wished-for quarter1 and seeing the gate-keepers from distance he went where they were 7#de74 ,arriving at the gate of the mount ,mani he saw there elephants1 horses1 car-warriors and six-thousand nooses sharp like razors 7#af74 ,vaishampyana said3--,then beholding the beautiful1 four-armed ,krishna1 holding conch1 discus1 club and sword1 wearing a garland of wild flowers round his neck1 bearing the moon-like mystic mark ,srivatsa on his breast1 with his head illumined with a crown effulgent like the sun or moon accompanied by a lightning1 looking like a blue ocean1 and clad in a yellow raiment1 and hearing the dreadful twang of of his bow resembling the fall of a thunder-bolt the ,dnavas could understand that ,vishnu himself had come 7#dg-di74 ,taking up his ,sakti1 adorned with diamond and gold1 the great ,asura ,muru1 resembling ,death himself1 ran toward him and hurled that huge weapon at him4 ,beholding that ,sati1 like unto a burning fire-brand about to fall ,vasudeva took up gold feathered arrows4 ,when the powerful ,vsudeva discharged that arrow burning like a lightning it cut that ,sakti into twain4 ,when that ,sakti was sundered ,muru1 having his eyes reddened in anger1 took up a huge club and discharged it as the king of gods hurls his thunder-bolt4 ,having drawn his crescent-shaped weapon to his ears ,keshava1 the foremost of gods1 cut off with it1 in the middle the golden club4 ,and with a ,bhalla he cut off the ,dnava's head 7#ej-ee74 ,having thus slain ,muru with his friends and cut off his nooses the ,lord1 ,devaki's son1 killed the highly powerful ,rkshasa soldiers of ,naraka4 ,and crossing the mountain he saw the ,dnava host consisting of ,nisunda1 ,diti's son ,hayagriva and the other heroes capable of fighting in many ways4 ,thereupon speedily getting upon his chariot and putting on a strong celestial golden armour1 the highly powerful ,nisunda1 with his arms1 obstructed ,keshava's path4 ,thereupon he pierced the slayer of ,keshi and ,madhu with ten arrows who in return wounded him with seventy winged shafts and cut off the ,dnv's arrow in the sky before they could approach him4 ,then his army completely surrounded ,keshava4 ,although covered with the net-work of this arrows ,janrddana1 the foremost of gods1 was highly enraged at seeing those ,dnavas and withstood the ,dvnava army with a downpour of cloudy weapons and other arrows 7#ef-fc74 ,thereupon assailing all of them with five arrows each he pierced them to the very vitals with cloudy weapons4 ,filled with fear the ,dnava army fled away from the battle-field4 ,beholding his army thus flying away he again came to the battle 7#fd-fe74 ,and making a downpour of arrows he covered ,keshava4 ,neither the sun1 the sky nor the ten quarters were visible 7#ff74 ,thereupon taking up a divine weapon1 by name ,svitra1 ,hari1 the foremost of ,purushas1 cut off his arrows in the battle-field4 ,cutting off the arrows of the ,dnavas with his own the highly powerful ,krishna sundered his umbrella with one arrow and the pole of his car with three4 ,and again destroying his four horses with four arrows he killed his charioteer with five and cut off his standard with one4 ,afterwards with a highly sharpened and whetted ,bhalla1 ,krishna1 the foremost of gods1 cut off ,nisunda's head who1 alone1 in the days of yore1 had fought with the gods for a thousand years 7#ff-ga74 ,beholding ,nisunda thus slain the foremost of ,asuras1 ,hayagriva1 effulgent like a mountain1 took up a huge rock and vauntingly hurled it with great force4 ,thereupon taking up his celestial cloudy weapon and discharging it ,vishnu1 the foremost of those conversant with the use of weapons1 sundered the rock into seven and the stones fell down on earth4 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 with huge arrows of diverse colors discharged off the ,sranga bow there set in a dreadful battle1 abounding in various weapons like that between the gods and demons4 ,thus seated on ,garuda the mighty-armed ,janrddana began to destroy the demons2 what more1 all the ,dnavas1 who approached ,nryana1 were wounded with the huge ploughshare and killed with arrows and swords4 ,some1 consumed by the fire of the discus1 fell down from the sky1 and some1 coming near1 gave up their ghost with grim-visaged countenance4 ,and although mutilated with the arrows of ,krishna1 some ,asuras1 capable of fighting in many ways1 began to make a downpour of arrows like unto clouds discharging their watery contents4 ,their persons were besmeared with blood like blossoming ,kisgsuka trees and they1 with their weapons broken and filled with fright1 took to their heels 7#gg-hj74 ,thereupon with his eyes red hot in anger the ,dnava ,hayagriva again1 with velocity of the wind1 drew a tree ten fathoms high 7#ha74 ,uprooting speedily that tree1 the cloud-colored ,hayagriva ran and hurled it with such a force by virtue of his training1 that the huge sound1 caused by the tree passing through air1 was heard by every body4 ,with a thousand arrows1 ,janrddana speedily and wonderfully cut that tree into many pieces and with one shaft struck ,hayagriva on the breast4 ,that arrow1 burning like fire1 with great force entered into the breast of the ,dnava and came out piercing his very vitals 7#hb-he74 ,the dreadful ,janrddana1 of unlimited prowess1 the enhancer of the delight of the ,ydavas1 killed that highly powerful and irrepressible ,hayagriva who alone formerly fought with the gods for one thousand years4 ,having thus slain the grim-visaged and the iniquitous ,hayagriva in the province of ,lohitanga in a city encircled by walls and killed eight hundred thousand ,dnavas ,devaki's son1 the ,lord1 the foremost of ,pursushas and the slayer of his enemie's1 set out for the city of ,pragyotish 7#hf-hg74 ,having entered the shining city of ,prgyotish1 the highly powerful ,keshava1 after many encounters1 killed ,naraka's follower1 the great ,asura ,panchajana1 and blew his conch ,pnchjanya4 ,that blare1 grave as the muttering of clouds and that of the whirlpool1 was heard every where all over the three worlds4 ,hearing that sound the eyes of the heroic ,naraka were reddened with anger4 ,and getting upon his celestial car he shone like the evening sun4 ,it had eight iron wheels1 was colored in gold and red paints1 had spacious seats1 had golden flags and pennons with golden standards4 ,it had a pole set with diamonds and pearls1 was drawn by a thousand horses1 was covered with an iron net work1 was filled with various weapons and made of gold4 ,at that time ,naraka's face looked effulgent like a fire-brand4 ,and he appeared highly beautiful with his white1 and moon-like breast plate4 ,on his head shone a crown of sun-like lustre and his ears were shining with a pair of ,kundalas 7#hh-if74 ,putting on diverse sorts of armours1 the tawny-coloured1 grim-visaged and huge-bodied ,daity as ,dnavas1 and ,rkshasas issued out2 of them some had swords and shields1 some had arrows and quivers1 some had ,saktis and some had lances4 ,those well-armed heroes1 expert in fighting1 rode elephants and horses and issued out of the city shaking the earth4 ,encircled by ,daityas ,naraka1 like unto ,death him self1 while proceeding1 heard on all sides the sound of thousands of bugles1 conchs1 ,mridangas and trumpets resembling the muttering of clouds 7#ia-ajj74 ,those grim-visaged heroes unitedly went1 where ,krishna was waiting and began to fight with him4 ,those soldiers covered ,vsudeva with a down-pour of arrows 7#aja-ajb74 ,discharging thousands of ,saktis1 maces1 lances and arrows they covered the welkin 7#ajc74 ,moving his ,srnga bow1 the twang whereof was like the muttering of a cloud1 hither and thither1 ,janrddana1 looking like a dark-blue cloud1 began to make a down-pour of arrows on the ,dnavas4 ,and with it their highly powerful soldiers were greatly assailed4 ,thus there took place a dreadful encounter between him and the fierce-looking ,rakshasas2 and wounded by ,krishna's arrows the ,dnavas were routed 7#ajd-ajf74 ,some of the ,dnavas had their arms broken and some were wounded on the head and neck2 some were cut in twain by the discus and some were wounded on the breast with arrows 7#ajg74 ,of the car-warriors1 elephant-riders and cavalry some were cut into two pieces and some were wounded with arrows and lances 7#ajh74 ,thus the entire army1 consisting of elephants1 horses1 and cars1 was completely crushed down4 ,there took place a highly dreadful encounter in that battle between him and ,naraka 7#aji74 ,listen to it1 ,i shall describe it briefly4 ,the energetic ,naraka1 the terror of gods1 fought with the foremost of ,purushas1 ,madhusudana1 like ,madhu himself4 ,when in that battle1 the heroic ,naraka1 like unto ,death himself1 took up with reddened eyes1 a huge bow resembling that of ,sakra1 ,keshava1 taking up an arrow like the fierce ray of the sun1 filled his car with celestial weapons4 ,thereupon when taking up a huge weapon the powerful ,naraka was about to withstand the great and war-like slayer of ,madhu ,janrddana1 having a countenance effulgent like lightning1 he cut off that weapon with his discus and sent his charioteer to the abode of ,death with one arrow4 ,then destroying the car with horses and standards with ten arrows the slayer of ,madhu cut his coat of mail with one arrow4 ,thereupon having his horses slain1 and stripped of his coat of mail like a serpent shorn of its skin1 the heroic ,dnava ,naraka1 all on a sudden1 took up a strong iron dart effulgent like a lightning and sent it down whirling4 ,seeing that dart covered with gold1 about to fall down1 ,krishna1 of wonderful deeds1 cut it off into two pieces with his razor-shaped weapon4 ,thus there went on a dreadful encounter with that highly powerful and grim-visaged ,rkshasa ,naraka1 abounding in most excellent weapons4 ,fighting with ,naraka for a moment the dreadful ,janrddana cut him into two pieces with his effulgent discus4 ,his body1 sundered into twain with the discus1 fell on earth like a mountain summit clapped by a thunder-bolt4 ,it appeared that the sun was enshrouded by ,krishna-like black clouds 7#aaj--abb74 ,naraka's head1 cut off by the discus1 appeared on the battle-field like unto a mountain of minerals clapped by a thunderbolt 7#abc74 ,beholding his son slain1 ,bhumi came with the pair of ,kundalas to ,govinda and said ,o ,govinda1 thou dost sport as a boy plays with his toys4 ,thou hast with thy own hand killed him whom thou didst give4 ,o ,lord1 however1 do thou accept these ,kundalas for which thou hast slain ,naraka1 and protect his children 7#abd-abf74 ,,chapter ,,cxxi4 ,,krishna ,,visit ,,with ,,aditi4 ,vaishampyana said3--,having slain ,bhumi's son ,naraka powerful like ,vsava1 ,vishnu1 the younger brother of ,indra began to search his house 7#a74 ,having arrived at the ,treasury of ,naraka1 ,janrddana saw there1 diamonds1 pearls1 corals1 sapphires1 emeralds1 and various other jems1 gold1 heaps of jewels and other precious articles1 a highly costly bed shining like the moon1 a lion-shaped throne effulgent like burning fire1 and a huge and beautiful umbrella of the hue of the clouds of the rainy season1 of the lustre of the moon and with a golden standard4 ,o ,janamejaya1 ,i have heard that there was also the golden fountain of hundreds and thousands of streams1 which he had brought from ,varuna2 what more1 we had never seen or heard of even in the palaces of ,kuvera1 ,yama and ,indra1 the collection of jewels that was in ,naraka's treasury4 ,bhumi's son ,naraka1 ,nisunda and ,hayagriva being slain1 the surving warders of his ,treasury took to ,keshava those costly jems and the damsels of the seraglio1 considering them as worthy of him 7#b-aj74 ,the ,daityas said3--,o ,janrddana1 all these various jems and riches1 these goods made of corals1 these beautiful flags set with golden threads1 these twenty thousand grim-visaged elephants carrying bows1 ,tomaras and other weapons such-like forty-thousand she-elephants1 and eight lacs of horses of most excellent breed have been brought to thee4 ,and we will take to the houses of the ,andhakas and ,vrishnis as many kine as thou shalt desire to have4 ,o ,lord1 we will despatch to the houses of the ,ydavas1 bed-steads of fine workmanship1 seals1 beautiful birds1 sandal and ,aguru woods and other jems both in mountains or collected from the three worlds that are in ,naraka's palace4 ,there are now in ,naraka's houses all the riches and jems that were formerly in the possession of the gods1 ,gandharvas and ,pannagas 7#aa-ag74 ,vaishampyana said3--,having accepted all those jewels and examined them1 ,hrishikesha1 the slayer of ,madhu1 sent them all speedily to ,dwravati through the ,danavas 7#ah74 ,taking himself the ,varuni umbrella capable of showering gold1 he rode ,garuda that foremost of birds1 the very personification of a cloud1 and set out for the foremost of mountains ,mani 7#ai-bj74 ,janrddana saw there on the mount ,mani1 gates1 summits of sapphire decorated with flags and doors4 ,at that time adorned with rows of palaces painted in golden colours1 the entire mount ,mani shone like a cloud adorned with lightings4 ,madhusudana saw there the pure1 gold-coloured and plump-hipped daughters of the ,gandharvas and leading ,asuras whom ,naraka had carried away by force and confined there4 ,although deprived of all sorts of enjoyments1 still residing there as if in the city of the celestials1 they lived happily like celestial damsels4 ,and nobody1 on account of ,naraka's powers1 could take them away 7#ba-bf47 ,in order to behold the large-armed ,krishna1 the foremost of ,yadus1 the damsels1 controlling their senses1 emaciated on account of the observance of vows and fastings1 clad in silken raiments and with one braid of hairs approached ,janarddana with folded hands and stood encircling him4 ,they fearlessly surrounded ,krishna because they had learnt of the death of the great ,asuras ,naraka1 ,mura1 ,hayagriva and ,nisunda4 ,the elderly ,mnavas who were their guards1 although more aged1 bowed to ,krishna1 the descendant of ,yadu1 with folded hands4 ,beholding the moon-like countenance of the large-armed ,krishna1 those beautiful damsels were all worked up with desire and wished to select him as their husband4 ,and they accordingly with joyous hearts said3--7#bg-cb74 ,what the celestial saint ,nrada1 knowing the hearts of all creatures1 and the ,wind-god had said to us before1 is all true4 ,they said that the ,universal ,lord ,nryana1 the holder of conch1 discus and club1 slaying ,bhumi's son ,naraka1 would in no time become our husband4 ,we behold now our beloved lord1 the slayer of his enemies of whom we have been hearing for ever4 ,oh6 we have been blessed to-day by seeing this high-souled deity 7#cc-ce74 ,thereupon having delightedly welcomed those lotus eyed damsels ,vsav's younger brother consoled them all4 ,having welcomed those ladies duly the lotus-eyed ,keshava1 the slayer of ,madhu took them all to ,dwraka in a car protected by servants 7#cf-cg74 ,then there arose a great tumult of the ,rkshas quick-coursing like air1 while carrying the vehicle4 ,uprooting the most charming and brilliant summit of that best of mountains1 ,vishnu the foremost of the strong rode that best of birds ,garuda4 ,it was like the clear sun and the moon1 had gates made of jewels and gold1 abounded in birds1 deer1 various animals and elephants1 was beautified with trees and filled with monkeys4 ,it had spacious rocks1 boars1 buffaloes and antelopes4 ,its table-land was filled with springs and it had various sorts of trees4 ,many beasts and peacocks were roving there and it was wonderful above all comprehension 7#ch-dc74 ,garuda the king of birds easily carried ,janarddana with his wife and the mount ,meru 7#dd74 ,with the flapping of his strong wings1 that king of birds1 huge like a big mountain summit1 raised up a tumultuous sound on all sides 7#de74 ,by the weight of his feet the mountain tops were all broken down1 the trees were uprooted1 huge clouds were dispersed and some of them assumed a wonderful form 7#df74 ,in this way1 as desired by ,janarddana that bird1 fleet like the wind1 went beyond the paths of the sun and the moon 7#dg74 ,o ,emperor1 ,o thou the slayer of thy enemies1 gradually ,keshava1 the destroyer of his foes1 arrived at the mount ,sumeru and saw the abodes of the celestials4 ,and then crossing the shining babitations of the ,viswadevas1 ,sadhyas1 ,maruts1 the two ,aswins and other auspicious regions1 he arrived at the land of gods1 and entered into the palace of their king4 ,coming down from ,garuda's back1 ,madhava there met the king of gods4 ,and ,indra too welcomed him with great delight4 ,giving to the king of gods the pair of ear-rings belonging to ,aditi and saluting him1 ,janarddana1 the foremost of men1 along with his wife1 was welcomed by him in return4 ,puloma's daughter duly received ,satyabhm 7#dh-ec74 ,thereupon ,vasava and ,vasudeva together with their wives repaired to the prosperous abode of ,aditi1 the mother of celestials4 ,arriving there1 those two great gods saw the ,asuras1 seated all around worshipping the great ,aditi engaged in ,tapas 7#ed-ee74 ,placing ,janrddana before him1 ,aditi's son and ,sachi's lord ,purandara approached his mother1 saluted her1 gave her over the pair of ear-rings and narrated the glorious deeds of ,keshava4 ,hearing them1 ,aditi was pleased and took up her two sons on her lap4 ,and welcoming them with auspicious blessings1 she honoured them4 ,thereafter ,puloma's daughter and ,satyabhama with great delight saluted the feet of the goddess ,aditi with veneration2 welcoming them duly with affection1 the illustrious mother of the gods said to ,keshava3--,my son1 as this king of gods is worshipful to all the worlds1 so you are unslayable by all creatures4 ,this most excellent of all your wives1 this beautiful and pleasant looking ,satyabhma celebrated in all the worlds1 will be ever youthful and lucky4 ,and from her person she will emit charming and celestial fragrance4 ,o ,krishna1 as long as you will be in your human form1 this your wife will not be visited by decrepitude4 ,thus honored by the mother of gods1 the highly powerful ,krishna was honored by ,vsava with various jewels4 ,thereupon obtaining the permission of the king of gods1 riding ,vinata's son with ,satyabham and worshipped by the entire host of the celestials1 he began to range in the celestial gardens4 ,while crossing the garden of ,vasava the mighty-armed ,keshava saw the most excellent1 sacred and celestial huge tree ,prijata always emitting holy fragrance and daily blossoming1 approaching which every one regains the recollection of his pristine birth4 ,although gods were kept there in charge of the tree1 ,krishna of unlimited powers1 forcibly up-rooted it and placed it on ,garuda's head4 ,thereupon viewing the ,apsaras1 ,upendra and ,satyabhma proceeded towards ,dwarka by the ethereal way4 ,the celestial damsels from behind saw ,satyabhma 7#ef-fi74 ,hearing of this deed of ,krishna the mighty-armed king of gods did not express his disapproval but rather said ,krishna is never successful 7#gj74 ,thus adored by the celestials and hymned by the seven saints1 the mighty-armed ,krishna the slayer of his enemies1 set out for ,dwarka from the celestial region 7#ga74 ,wending the long distance like a short one1 he espied the city of the ,yadavas4 ,having performed that great feat ,vsava's younger brother the ,lord ,krishna1 riding ,garuda1 returned to ,dwraka 7#gb-gc74 ,,chapter ,,cxxii4 ,,the ,,present ,,of ,,the ,,parijata ,,by ,,krishna ,,to ,,rukshmini4 ,janamejaya said3--,o foremost of ,munis1 ,i am not able to attain to the consummation of my satisfaction listening again and again to the sacred theme of ,lord ,krishna's influence on ,mathura 7#a74 ,thou art conversant with the six divisions of ,krishna's history while ,mdhava lived in ,dwarka after marrying his wives4 ,do thou describe it to me now 7#b74 ,vaishampyana said3--,o ,janamejaya1 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 all the deeds which the powerful ,krishna performed after taking his wives are all becoming to him4 ,listen1 ,i shall relate them 7#c74 ,o king1 after his marriage1 the highly energetic and powerful ,vasudeva once went to the mount ,raivataka with ,rukshmini 7#d74 ,madhusudana went there personally because there was to take place a great festival on the day of the termination of ,rukshmini's vow and that he would gratify the ,brhmanas 7#e74 ,o king1 according to ,narada's command1 ,vsudeva's sons and brothers had already been sent there 7#f74 ,the sixteen thousand wives of the intelligent ,madhava with splendour befitting their rank1 had gone there4 7#g74 ,there the lord of subdued senses1 conferred on the twice-borns all their desired-for objects1 as well as on the beggars1 on those who always practise religious rites and on all those who sought his well-being 7#h74 ,arriving there1 ,o descendant of ,kuru with ,youna1 ,shrouna and ,moukh1 friends1 pure1 always performing great religious rites and born in great families1 the ,lord1 ever fond of his votaries and the refuge of the pious1 satisfied the ,brhmanas with sacrifice and his kinsmen according to their rank 7#i-aj74 ,at the termination of the fasting1 the ,lord highly honored his beloved spouse ,rukshmini1 the daughter of ,bhishmaka4 ,while residing there1 once the highly powerful ,krishna1 sat on a seat with ,rukshmini encircled by his other wives when the ascetic ,nrada arrived there 7#ab74 ,when that best of ,munis came there1 ,vasava's younger brother of immeasurable energy ,keshava1 duly adored him with rites laid down in the ,scriptures 7#ac74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 adored by ,vasudeva's son ,krishna1 that foremost of ,munis1 ,nrada1 adored of the pious1 gave him a ,prijata flower 7#ad74 ,o king1 ,bhoja's daughter ,rukshmini was by him1 so ,hari gave her that ,parijata flower 7#ae74 ,taking that lovely flower and following ,krishna's hint1 that blameless lady the object of his love1 put it on her head 7#af74 ,at that time ,bhishmaka's daughter1 the very collection of the beauties of the three worlds1 ever captivating ,narayana1 was doubly beautified by that celestial flower 7#ag74 ,thereafter ,prajapati's son ,nrada said to ,kama's mother 7,rukshmini73--,o goddess1 ,o chaste lady1 the flower is worthy of thee 7#ah74 ,o thou of firm vows1 methinks thou art worthy of wearing this flower1 for coming in thy contact1 it has been perfectly adorned 7#ai74 ,o thou1 endowed with auspicious qualities1 ,o thou ever fond of thy husband1 this flower never withers away 7#bj74 ,o thou of many qualities1 ,o thou1 conversant with the knowledge of time1 the flower emits wished-for fragrance for one year 7#ba74 ,o beautiful lady of sweet speech1 this flower affords heat and cold as desired1 and from it come out various wished-for juices 7#bb74 ,o beautiful lady1 when sought for1 this ,parijata flower gives good luck and emits delightful fragrance 7#bc74 ,o goddess1 what more1 whatever flowers thou shalt wish for1 this flower of the king of trees the ,prijata will give thee 7#bd74 ,o auspicious and pious lady1 it is the root of good luck and confers piety1 and when won1 it does not allow the mind1 to wend any evil path 7#be74 ,whatever colour thou shalt wish to see1 it will assume1 and according to thy will1 it will become thin or plump 7#bf74 ,o thou1 having lotus eyes1 dispelling unwholesome smell1 it increases fragrance1 and it serves the purpose of a lamp in night 7#bg74 ,moreover it will give thee a garland of ,santanaka flowers1 the most excellent of flowers1 and undecaying clothes whenever thou shalt think of them 7#bh74 ,whenever thou wilt use the flower like a very goddess thou wilt be the mistress of hunger1 thirst1 exhaustion and decrepitude 7#bi74 ,as desired by thee1 it will sing songs in accompaniment with good musical instruments 7#cj74 ,o goddess1 as is the rule with this flower1 it will go away from thee when the term of one full year will be completed 7#ca74 ,o fair one1 may good betide thee6 in order to please the gods the ,creator has invested the ,parijta flower with such a character 7#cb74 ,the beloved spouse of ,mahadeva1 the foremost of gods1 ,himalaya's daughter ,uam is the mistress of the universe3 and therefore she always uses this flower 7#cc74 ,o thou endued with accomplishments1 the mother of ,mahendra and other gods1 ,aditi1 ,puloma's daughter ,sachi1 ,savitri1 the mother of gods and the goddess ,sree too1 always use this flower4 ,even for the wives of the gods and the leading celestial ,vasus and others its period of duration does not exceed more than a year 7#cd-ce74 ,o ,bhoja's daughter1 among the sixteen thousand wives of ,vsudeva1 ,i consider thee as the foremost and the most beloved4 ,o accomplished lady1 ,o thou the beloved wife of the lord of all1 thou hast sprinkled to-day the other wives of thy husband with the water of dishonor4 ,krishna1 the slayer of ,madhu having conferred on thee this ,mandra flower1 thy good luck and fame have become manifest 7#acf-ch74 ,o fair lady1 the fortunate and chaste ,satyabhm1 the daughter of ,satrajit who always considers herself as greatly lucky1 will come to know of thy good fortune today 7#ci74 ,samva's mother ,jmvuvati1 ,gndhri and other wives of the high-souled ,vsudeva will forsake to-day their great desire for a good luck 7#dj74 ,o goddess1 such a victorious car of thy good fortune has come out to-day that even a thousand mental cars will not be able to vanquish it 7#da74 ,o beautiful and glorious daughter of ,bhoja1 ,i know thee to-day as the other soul of ,krishna 7#db74 ,o beloved wife of ,hari1 blessed is thy life since ,achyuta has conferred on thee1 this flower identical with the best collection of jewels of the three worlds 7#dc74 ,o ,emperor1 the female servants1 that had been sent there by ,satyabhma heard the words of ,nrada 7#dd74 ,o king1 the other wives of ,krishna had sent there1 their respective maid servants4 ,seeing them ,nrada said so1 about ,rukshmini 7#de74 ,hearing all this in particular1 the assembled maid servants out of their feminine nature1 carried the news to the inner appartments of ,krishna 7#df74 ,hearing that1 the goddesses began to speak into the ears of one another delightedly about ,rukshmini's accomplishments befitting her family4 ,amongst the assembled wives of ,dmodara almost all said3--,why should not this be8 ,rukshmini is ,keshava's first wife1 and is the mother of his son4 ,so she is worthy of such a respect 7#dg-dh74 ,but the highly proud ,satyabhma1 ever beloved of ,vishnu1 could not bear the accession of such a good fortune unto the other wife of her husband 7#di74 ,that youthful and beautiful goddess was always proud of her good luck1 and too much sensitive4 ,so hearing of such a good fortune of the other wife she was possessed by jealousy 7#ej74 ,worked up with anger like the flame of fire1 that one of pure smiles cast off her cloth dyed with red powder and put on a white one 7#ea74 ,thereupon as a star enters into a cloud1 so burning with the increasing fire of jealousy and shorn of her lustre1 she entered into the lonely apartment of anger 7#eb74 ,to put sandal on the forehead1 to wear two pieces of raiment white like snow and to put on red sand on the outskirts of the fore-head1 are marks of showing anger on the husband4 ,so the goddess ,satyabhma did not forget them4 ,she threw off her ornaments on the bed having a big pillow2 and then wearing only a single braid of hair and remembering again and again the good fortune of his co-wife1 she sat there and shook her head in anger4 ,although ,keshava caressed her dearly1 she worked up with ire1 at the report of her maid-servants1 bent her eye-brow1 began to sigh heavily and tore off her sporting lotus with her nails 7#ec-ee74 ,those connected by female marriage c4 ,those with whom he studied together4 ,priests and sacrifices4 ,,chapter ,,cxxiii4 ,,satyabhama',s ,,resentment ,,and ,,keshava',s ,,consolation ,,to ,,her4 ,vaishampyana said3--,finding the sage 7,narada7 seated with ,rukshmini1 the high-souled ,keshava that knower of all things1 set out under some pretext 7for the mansion of ,satyabhama7 7#a74 ,he proceeded quickly towards the spacious mansion of ,satyabhama that was built on the delightful ,raivataka hills by ,visvakarma himself 7#b74 ,slowly ,vishnu entered 7the palace7 as he was aware that the daughter of ,satrajit1 his beloved queen--she dearer to him than this own vital breaths1 had been under the influence of jealous resentment 7#c74 ,affectionately thinking of that beloved one who was then excited with jealousy1 the slayer of ,madhu proceeded with slow steps1 and with greater fear 7#d74 ,engaging ,pradyumna to entertain and attend upon ,narada and telling his servant ,daruka ,wait at the gate1 he entered into the palace of ,satyabhama 7#e74 ,there he saw from a distance1 his beloved wife then inside the apartment of anger in the midst of her handmaids sighing hot and frequently in consequence jealous wrath 7#f74 7,he saw7 her laughing a derisive laugh mixed with sighs at the lotus that she had brought near her own lotus-like face1 and had been nipping with her nails 7#g74 ,sometimes he saw her describing figures on the ground with the tip of her toe slightly bent1 and 7sometimes7 laughing gently with her face turned towards her back 7#h74 ,sometimes he saw his lotus-eyed queen of exquisite shape and form merged in deep thought1 the while the lotus of her face resting on the lotus of her left palm 7#i74 ,sometimes he saw his unblameable wife take the delightful sandal from the hands of her maids1 smear it on her breast and then again cruelly throw it aside 7#aj74 ,he saw her rise from her bed and fall into it again and again4 ,there ,hari saw these and many other actions of her dear wife 7that indicated the pitch of her resentment7 7#aa74 ,now as the daughter of ,satrajit laid her head on her pillow1 previously covering it with her veil1 ,janardanna thought ,this is my opportunity 7for effecting an entrance into her room7 7#ab74 ,then by 7manual7 signs commanding the handmaids not to announce his presence1 he approached ,satyabhama with faltering steps 7#ac74 ,taking up the fan and standing by her side1 he then began to fan slowly and laugh gently 7#ad74 ,that illustrious one 7,hari71 then perfumed in consequence of his contact with the ,prijta flower1 diffused there a divine1 super-natural and rare fragrance 7#ae74 ,smelling that wondrous fragrance1 and taken with admiration1 ,saty uncovered her face1 and said ,what is this8 7#af7 ,then rising from her bed1 she of pure and gentle smiles1 without bestowing a glance on her godly husband1 began to question her maids about the cause of the fragrance 7#ag74 ,but thus questioned1 the maids could not say anything1 and kneeling down on the ground they waited there with countenances cast down towards the earth and with palms joined together 7in supplication7 7#aa74 ,then 7as if7 not finding the source of that wonderful fragrance1 ,satyabhama bethought herself thus3--,the earth emits diverse kinds of smell2 can this fragrance be one of her excellent emissions8 7#ai7 ,then when wondering as to what this could be due1 she was looking on all sides1 her glance suddenly lighted on ,kesava that creator of the worlds 7#bj74 ,she said ,ah6 right1 and then suddenly her eyes became dimmed with tears1 the intensity of love filling her all the more with jealous anger 7#ba74 ,with her delicate lips pouting and herself sighing1 that beautiful lady of dark eyes then turned her down-cast countenance away in another direction1 and remained thus for a while 7#bb74 ,then contracting her brows in a disapproving frown and placing her face on her palms1 she said to ,hari with her eyes upraised1 ,thou lookest beautiful 7#bc74 ,tears of jealous passion began to flow down from her eyes1 like drops of dew falling from a pair of lotus-petals 7#bd74 ,the lotus-eyed ,krishna then seeing tears flow down from the lotus-like countenance of her wife1 approached her in haste and held them in her hands 7#be74 ,then wiping off with his hands those tears that were falling on her breast1 that wearer of the mark of ,srivatsa1 the lotus-eyed ,vishnu spoke to her as follows 7#bf73--,o lotus-eyed one1 ,o most beautiful and excellent lady1-for what reason is it that tears flow down from thine eyes likes drops of dew from a pair of lotuses 7#bg78 ,o fascinating lady-why do thy countenance and thy body wear the shape of 7appear like7 the full moon in the morning sky1 or the full-blown lotus at noon 7#bh7 ,o thou of delicate waist1 what is the reason that thou dost not wear to-day garments sprinkled with safflower and gold-dust1 but choosest the white and plain ones 7#bi78 ,although the garments decorated with safflower and gold-dust thou likest most1 why hast thou then worn the white garments which ladies do not like to wear except at the time of worshipping the gods 7#cj78 ,o thou of beautiful limbs--say why are thy limbs unadorned with ornaments8 ,why1 ,o most excellent lady1 is thy seat for writing letters soiled with tears4 7#ca78 ,why1 ,o thou of beautiful shape1 do the fragrant white sandal 7and not red7 and the white silk cloth 7not yellow or blue7 veil thy beautiful forehead 7#cb78 ,o dearest object of my heart1 ,o thou of expanded eyes--thou hast thus so bedimmed the brightness of thy countenance as to cause1 ,o dear one1 great pain to my mind 7#cc74 ,the unctuous and refrigerent sandal paste that loves thy forehead most1 does not look beautiful on that seat for writing letters 7#cd74 ,thy neck1 deprived of ornaments1 does not appear beautiful1 just as the autumn sky does not look beautiful being devoid of the planets and stars and the silvery beams of the moon 7#ce74 ,why dost thou not to-day greet me1 with language flowing out from thy smiling face that breathes the perfume of the lotus and vies with the beauty of the full moon 7#cf74 ,why dost thou not to-day cast even a partial glance on me8 ,why dost thou heave sighs and shed tears that mar the beauty of the collyrium of thine eyes 7#cg78 ,o thou of complexion bright like the blue lotus1 ,o intelligent lady6 do thou not weep any more6 ,do not shed tears soiled with the collyrium of thine eyes only to prejudice the beauty of thy incomparable face 7#ch74 ,o thou of divine beauty--,i am known in the world as thy servant2 ,why then1 ,o most excellent lady1 dost thou not command me as before8 7#ci74 ,what act1 ,o beautiful queen1 repulsive to thee1 have ,i committed1 for which1 ,o dear one1 thou gavest thyself so much pain 7#dj78 ,i have never neglected thee1 in thought1 in actions or in words2 this1 ,o thou of exquisite limbs1 ,i tell thee in all sooth 7#da74 ,o beautiful lady1 ,i entertain it is true1 regard for my other wives--but save in thyself my regard and affection do not reach the consummation 7#db74 ,o thou that may be compared with the daughter of the gods1--my love for thee will not wane even if my life were taken away from me2 know this to be my firm belief 7#dc74 ,just as endurance1 c41 are the constant qualities of the earth1 just as sound is the constant quality of space1 so sure is my love for thee1 ,o thou of brightness like the lotus-bud 7#dd74 ,just as flame is in fire1 divine brightness is in the sun1 and unfading charms are in the moon1 so my love resides in thee and thee only 7#de74 ,when ,janardana had thus spoken in his vindication1 the blessed ,satyabhma1 wiping off the tears of her eyes addressed him slowly in the following manner 7#df74 ,hence-before1 ,o lord1 my firm belief was that thou wert mine own4 ,but to-day ,i come to perceive that thy love for me is nothing more than ordinary and common-place 7#dg74 ,i did not know before that the course of time is uncertain4 ,but ,i have come to know to-day that the course of the world is fickle 7#dh74 ,i entertained the fond hope that so long ,i live1 thou only shalt be my second self and ,i thine4 ,but what is the good of talking much2 ,i know thy heart1 ,o infallible one 7#di74 ,i see that thou usest fascination in speech only and thy love for me is false2 whereas it is true in regard to the other wives of thine 7#ej74 ,knowing me to be simple and attached to thyself1 thou1 ,o foremost of men1 dost neglect me with thy cruel1 guileful conduct 7#ea74 ,this surely is more than enough6 ,i have seen what is worth-seeing and have heard what is worth-hearing4 ,i have perceived the fruition of thy love for me 7#eb74 ,be that as it may1 ,i have made up my mind to devote myself to the performance of severe penances1 and if thou cherishest any love for me1 thou ought to permit me to do so2 for whatever vows or penances women may observe1 must be with the permission of their husbands1 in as much as those that are undertaken against the husband's consent1 surely become fruitless 7#ec-ee74 ,having thus spoken that chaste and beautiful lady again wiped off the tears from her eyes2 then that blessed one of pleasing smiles1 catching the end of ,hari's yellow garment covered her face with it 7#ee74 ,this used to be a separate room in the palace of ancient queens1 where they resorted in order to indicate their annoyance or anger at the conduct of their husbands4 ,the moon wanes in the morning and the lotus withers down at noon4 ,krishna asks in circumlocution the cause of the lady's pale and placid appearance4 ,it appears that the lady had lain her head down on the seat in consequence of which it was besmeared with the sandal of her forehead4 ,,chapter ,,cxxiv4 ,,satyabhama',s ,,grief4 ,vaishampyana said3--,o ,bharata1 ,nryana once more affectionately addressed the chaste and beautiful ,satyabhma who was thus suffering under the influence of jealousy and resentment1 in the following manner 7#a74 ,the auspicious god said3--,o lotus-eyed one6 sorrow seems to burn through all my limbs 7at seeing thee in this plight74 ,what is the cause that has renderd thee so much aggrieved8 7#b74 ,o thou beautiful in all thy parts1 if there is no harm and if it is proper for thy affectionate husband to hear it1 ,i entreat thee1 on my life1 to reveal to me the cause of thy grief 7#c74 ,then ,satyabhm seated with her countenance cast down towards the earth thus spoke to her husband1 ever truthful in vows1 in a voice choked with the vapour of grief 7#d74 ,o lotus-eyed one1 ,o destroyer of ,kesin1 ,o bestower of honor it was thy ownself that established my honor and prosperity in days gone--and that honor and that prosperity have now become famous in the worlds 7#e74 ,that ,i am most beloved of thee among all thy wives--is what prompted me to raise my head with pride above all others1 ,o ,god 7#f74 ,but1 my maids have told me as they have heard it others say1 that to-day ,i have been laughed at by my rival 7co-wives7 and by other people also 7#g74 ,i hear that the ,parijata flower that ,nrada gave thee1 thou hast given to thy dear one1 totally neglecting my 7poor7 self 7#h74 ,that thy love and thy regard for her is supreme1 thou hast given unmistakable expression to--by presenting her with that best of all precious things 7the ,parijata flower7 7#i74 ,narada also eulogised her in thy presence1 and thou surely wert also gratified having heard that eulogy bestowed on thy dear wife 7#aj74 ,but supposing ,narada had some reason for praising her in thy presence1 why was it that the name of this unfortunate one was uttered in that connection 7#aa78 ,o ,lord1 if ,i am to repent for having tasted the 7sweet7 liquor of thy love1 it is better ,i should have nothing to do with it8 ,be kindly pleased to accord me thy permission 7#ab74 ,o lotus-eyed one1 ,i could not have believed even in my dream1 that thou hast honored some body else more than myself2 but alas1 it has come to pass in real life even before the eyes of others 7#ac74 ,it may be that the sage ,narada of incomparable powers has conceived a love for her 7,rukshmini71 but ,o lord1 the cause of my grief in this1 is thy presence in the scene 7#ad74 ,thou hast told me that people live for the sake of honor only1-so1 thus dishonored1 ,i do not desire to live any longer 7#ae74 ,my source of protection has been turned to-day into my source of fear4 ,he that used to protect me in every-thing does not do so to-day 7#af71 ,alas1 what course shall ,i pursue1 ,o ,lord1 being thus abandoned by thee6 ,surely renounced by thee1 ,i shall be reduced to the condition of the white lily 7#ag74 ,have ,i done to day something disliked by the gods out of foolishness in consequence of which1 ,o bestower of honour ,i have incurred thy dislike1 although ,i used to be thy chosen one 7#ah74 ,how could ,i who was thy beloved wife1 but now discarded1 look upon this ,raibataka ,hills decked with the flowers of the spring 7#ai78 ,now that ,i have been the object of thy hate1 how could ,i1 unfortunate one1 venture to breathe the pure breeze 7of this place7 ringing with the sweet notes of the cuckoo and fraught with fragrance of the flowers 7#bj74 ,how could ,i1 who did sport on thy lap inside the waters of this ocean1 again glance at it1 ,o lord1 in this my unhappy condition 7#ba78 ,thou didst tell me in days gone by1-',o daughter of ,satrajit1 know that there is no wife of mine dearer to me than thyself'--,what of that assurance6 ,or who cares to remember it 7#bb76 ,my mother-in-law used to look upon me with much regard and pleasure--but unfortunate lady queen as she was1--she has been contemptuously treated by thee 7#bc74 ,o ,lord1 what then is the good of this thy hidden and unmanifest love for me1 if thou dost not even deign to reckon me among thy common wives 7#bc78 ,o subduer of thy foes1 ,i did not know thee hence-before to be so much of a cheat and a knave2 but now ,i have come to know thee as fickle1 deceiving1 and partial to my rival 7co-wife7 7#be74 ,i have read thy innermost and secret thoughts1 ,o thief1 by thy articulations and thy features and signs1 although thou triest to conceal them from me2 thou knave1 thou partisan of my rival1 it is thy tongue only that is honeyed1 but thou art too guileful 7#bf74 ,when the resentful daughter of ,satrajit1 influenced by jealousy had thus spoken1 the god-like ,krishna consoling her addressed her in the following manner 7#bg74 ,say not so1 ,o lotus-eyed one1 thou dearest ruler of my heart6 what shall ,i tell thee more my darling2--know me to be thine entirely 7#bh74 ,there is no doubt that in order to please me the sage ,narada of unimpeachable deeds gave that ,parijata flower to her 7,rukshmini7 in my presence1 merely out of generous feelings or regard for her2 7but ,i did not give it with my own hands74 ,o thou of pure smiles1 be consoled2 forgive me this my first and only transgression 7#bi-cj74 ,if thou desirest to have ,parijata flowers1 ,o resentful darling1 ,i promise1 ,o thou of delicate waist1 to give it to thee--this ,i speak in all earnestness 7#ca74 7,what to speak of a single flower71 ,i shall fetch that best of all trees namely the ,parijata tree itself1 from the gardens of paradise1 and keep it in thy mansion as long as thou chosest 7#cc74 ,thus spoken to by ,hari1 that lady so deeply attached to him said3--,o infallible one1 if thou canst bring that tree down here1 my resentment shall leave me1--and it shall then be to my great gratification4 ,o ,adhokshaja1 for then ,i shall be the head and the best-honored among all thy wives 7#cc-cd74 ,the divine slayer of ,madhu--that incomparable being1 the origin of the world1 beyond the reach of decay1 then said to her3--so be it1 then2 this shall be my foremost concern 7#ce74 ,vaishampyana said3--,o victor of large armies1 thus spoken to by the auspicious ,krishna1 ,satyabhama1 who was held in high esteem by the pious and who was deeply attached to the slayer of ,kansa1 became highly gratified 7#cf74 ,the lord of the world1 the the lord of all1 the protector of all things1 and the bestower of all desires on the good1 then bathed himself and discharged all his necessary duties 7#cg74 ,o king that lord then remembered that best of sages namely ,narada who1 as soon as he was remembered1 came there having performed his ablutions in the waters of the mighty main 7#ch74 ,o ruler of men6 then that refuge of the pious1 ,krishna1 attended by ,satyabhama1 duly worshipped ,narada who had reached there 7according to a fiat of his will7 7#ci74 ,the daughter of ,satrajit herself washed the feet of that sage2 and the lord ,krishna himself then poured the water from a golden pitcher 7#dj74 ,when the sage had seated himself comfortably1 that preceptor of the worlds the high-souled ,keshava offered him with all respect and carefulness a dish of rice boiled in milk 7or delicious edibles7 7#da74 ,the highly intelligent sage1 that best of all orators then partook of the dish with great regard and relish thus hospitably offered him by the creator of the worlds 7#db74 ,o lord6 satisfied with the hearty meal1 ,narada having rinsed his mouth1 bestowed many a blessing on ,keshava1 who also accepted them with much gratification of the mind 7#dc74 ,thereafter ,narada stretching his wet right hand thus spoke to the divinely beautiful daughter of ,satrajit1 who was then bowing down to him 7#dd73--;,be thou as faithful and devoted to thy husband1 for all future periods1 as thou art even now1 ,o queen6 ,be thou also attended with special good fortune in future through the powers of my religious observances 7#de74 ,thus spoken to by that foremost of sages1 that most beloved wife of ,hari1 ,satyabhama rose up1 ,o king 7from her bending attitude7 filled with immense delight 7#df74 ,thereafter ,krishna that most intelligent personage of immeasurable powers1 ate the remnants of the sage's dish having at first obtained his permission 7#dg74 ,o ,bharata1 ,satyabhama also finishing there all necessary rites gladly entered her inner appartments with the permission of her illustrious husband 7#dh74 ,then after a while at the command of ,krishna she again came out1 and having saluted the high-souled sage with her head1 seated herself by ,krishna's side 7#di74 ,thus having 7comfortably7 sat for a while1 ,narada said to ,krishna3--,o ,adhokshaja1 with thy leave ,i now intend to go to the regions of ,sakra 7#ej74 ,the gods1 the ,gandharbhas and the ,apsaras there will this day sing songs of praise to that primary divinity ,ishana1 having at first bowed down to him in homage true 7#ea74 ,in the residence of ,indra1 ,o lord1 every month there take place such worship and homage-giving to that god of gods 7,siva71 and ,gandharbha dances in his honor 7#eb74 ,that god of gods accompanied by his wife ,uma1 and attended by his followers1 witnesseth unseen those festivities celebrated with much reverence by that foremost of immortals1 the destroyer of mountains 7#ec74 ,i was invited there yesterday2 ,i only came here1 ,o highly effulgent one1 to present thee with that flower of the beautiful ,parijata1 that king of all trees 7#ed74 ,this flower of that best of all trees1 though it is a luxury to be enjoyed only by the gods1 ,i brought it1 ,o lord1 for thy enjoyment only 7#ee74 ,o lotus-eyed one6 that tree is very dear to ,sachi 7,indra's wife71 and duly worshipped by her every day1 it brings her a chain of 7unending7 prosperity 7#ef74 ,pleased with the religious observances of ,aditi1 the illustrious ,kasyapa created the great ,parijata tree in order to enable her to accomplish the vow known as ,punyaka 7#eg74 ,in days gone by the highly powerful ,kasyapa that receptacle of all powers begot by austerities1 having been much gratified with the services of ,aditi1 desired to bestow a boon on her 7#eh74 ,thereupon that very fortunate lady said3--',o foremost of sages1 confer on me such a boon by virtue of which ,i may be decorated with all kinds of ornaments at my will1 that ,i may have the qualities of singing and dancing at my command and that1 ,o mighty possessor of ascetic wealth1 ,i may ever remain youthful2 confer on me the boon that ,i may be always free from all impurities and sorrow1 and that ,i may be ever devoted to my husband and to the performance of religious deeds 7#ei-fa7'4 ,thereupon for pleasing his wife ,aditi1 he created the ,parijata tree covered with ever-fragrant flowers capable of bestowing all desires 7#fb74 ,the tree had three branches to be always seen and it gladdened the heart of all onlookers4 ,all sorts of flowers are to be seen on this mighty tree 7#fc74 ,some beautiful damsels deck themselves with flowers like these2 some again beautify themselves with parti-coloured ones1 and others with jems and jewels 7that also grow on this tree7 7#fd74 ,taking out the essense of the ,mandara tree1 ,kasyapa created this one2 and therefore this best of trees has reached the height of excellence 7has been reckoned as the foremost of all trees7 7#fe74 ,the blessed ,aditi then binding ,kasyapa to that tree gave him over to me1 in order to accomplish the ,punyaka vow and earn prosperity and good fortune therefrom 7#ff74 ,aditi gave ,kasyapa over to me with his neck bound to the ,parijata tree with a garland of flowers1 for the fulfilment of her ,punyaka vow 7#fg74 ,that possessor of ascetic wealth was afterwards released by me on payment of proper ransom4 ,similarly ,indra was given to me by his wife for the furtherance of her prosperity 7#fh74 ,in this way ,soma was given away by ,rohini1 and ,kuvera1 the lord of wealth by ,riddhi4 ,thus there is no doubt that the ,parijata tree is capable of conferring much prosperity 7#fi74 ,it is called ,parijata as it grows on the other side 7,para7 of the river ,vishnupadi--and this is styled the ,mandara for it bears the ,mandara flower 7#gj74 ,as men did say--',what tree is this8'--not exactly knowing what it was1 this mighty tree is called ,kobidara 7#ga74 ,the excellent tree that produces this excellent flower is known by the several names1 ,mandara1 ,kobidara and ,parijata4 ,the white lily withers away with the dawn of day1 when the beams of the moon cease fall on it4 ,kumadbati may have another meaning4 ,there was a queen of a certain king ,aja of that name1 who died before her husband4 ,another interpretation has been put on this part of the ,sloka1 namely1 who would remain by me when ,i am gone--6 ,this seems to be far fetched4 ,an attempt has been made in the commentary of ,sridhara to attribute an allegorical meaning to this ,sloka1 which tries to establish the identity of ,krishna with the ,god-head4 ,this though ingeneous1 is not suited to the context4 ,,chapter ,,cxxv4 ,,the ,,history ,,of ,,the ,,parijata ,,tree ,,the ,,coloquy ,,between ,,krishna ,,and ,,narada4 ,vaishampyana said3--,the almighty ,vishnu1 that possessor of immeasurable powers then finding that the sage ,nrada was desirous of departing1 spoke to him thus 7#a73--,o sinless and mighty sage1 conversant with the truth of all religions1 having repaired to heaven and there interviewed the courtiers of that intelligent slayer of ,tripura 7#b71 remind ,pakasasana of all our ancient brotherly love that thou knowest--inform him not as my command but as my request1 7#c7 that the ,prijta tree which the illustrious and virtuous ,kasyapa that foremost of sages created in days gone by for the sake of ,aditi's happiness1 7#d7 that most excellent of all trees that bestows religious merit1 and unbounded prosperity1 that tree that was given to thee away as a gift by the very virtuous goddesses in fulfilment of their vows for the furtherance of their religious merits--inform him that my wives also hearing of the presentation of that tree1 desire to give it away1 ,o lord1 for earning virtue and religious merit consequent on munificent deeds and also1 for my gratification4 ,ask him therefore to send down to ,dwarvati that best of all trees the ,prijta2 and it shall be restored to heaven after the ceremony of presentation is over4 ,the almighty ,god the slayer of ,vala should thus be spoken to by thee 7#e-h74 ,o foremost of sages thou shalt also so put forth thy endeavours that the lord of the immortals be persuaded to give over the excellent ,parijata tree 7#i71 ,o possessor of ascetic wealth1 this will also bring into prominence what ambassadorial abilities thou dost possess2 ,i know that it is possible for all thine acts to be attended with success 7#bj74 ,thus spoken to by ,narayana1 the almighty sage ,narada that great possessor of ascetic merit smiled and spoke these words to the slayer of ,kesin 7#aa73--,very well1--,i shall thus speak to the lord of the gods1 ,o foremost of ,yadus1 but ,i am sure he will never part with the ,parijata tree 7#ab74 ,the ,danavas and the gods obtained this ,parijata tree by throwing the ,mandara mountain into the waters of the ocean 7#ac74 ,o ,janarddana1 at that time the creator of the worlds desired to take away the ,parijata tree together with that best of mountains1 the ,mandara 7#ad74 ,thereupon ,sakra personally going to ,sankara told him3--',this is ,sachi's sporting tree1 and may be allowed to remain in her gardens'4 ,thus did he entreat ,sankara 7#ae74 ,mahadeva granted him the boon saying ',let it be so then' and ,o sinless one1 he did not also bring the ,parijata tree to the beautiful cave-decked ,mandara mountain 7#af74 ,o mighty armed one1 thus in days past1 under the pretext that the ,parijata is ,sachi's tree of sport1 did ,indra save it from the clutches of ,mahadeva 7#ag74 ,afterwards ,hara1 in order to please his wife ,um1 created on the dales of the ,mandara mountain a forest of the ,parijata trees extending over full four miles 7#ah74 ,in that best of forests1 ,o ,krishna1 neither the rays of the sun1 nor the cool beams of the moon1 nor even the breaths of the wind can penetrate 7#ai74 ,through the powers of ,mahadeva that forest is self-luminous1 and heat and cold reign there at the pleasure of the mountain's daughter 7,durga7 7#bj74 ,excepting the mighty god and goddess and their followers and myself1 ,o delighter of the ,yadus1 nobody under any circumstances1 can enter that charming wood 7#ba74 ,o descendant of the ,vrishnis1 there the ,prijtas shower all kinds of best gems and jewels on all sides1 even as soon as they are merely thought of in the mind 7#bb74 ,o ,keshava1 with the permission of that godhead1 that protector of the worlds1 troops of the illustrious attendants of ,siva1 also enjoy that beautiful forest 7#bc74 ,this forest of ,prijta trees1 their fruits1 their brightness and their qualities exceed by far those of the ,prijtas of the heaven 7#bd74 ,when1 ,o ,keshava1 that ,god whose emblem is the sacred bull1 repairs with ,uma and his attendants1 among them1 these trees approach him in worship assuming human shapes 7#be74 ,those trees on the ,mandara infused with the energy of ,rudra1 free from all adverse influences and attended with all prosperity1 are very dear to the daughter of the mountain 7#bf74 ,once upon a time a mighty and dreadful ,daitya of cruel motives by name ,andhaka1 who was puffed up with arrogance through the virtues of a boon obtained by him ventured to transgress into that forest 7#bg74 ,he was slain by that slayer of foes that foremost of gods ,hara1 although he was ten times as powerful as ,vritra and incapable of being slain by any created being 7#bh74 ,o lotus-eyes ,god6 ,i tell thee truly1 that the thousand eyed god ,indra will never give thee1 the ,parijta tree obtained with great difficulty 7#bi74 ,that best of trees always bestows on the goddess ,sachi all her desires1 as well as1 ,o ,krishna1 it fulfils the wishes of the highly powerful ,indra 7#cj74 ,the auspicious god said3--,o sage6 ,that the mighty and intelligent ,mahadeva did not take away the ,parijta tree out of consideration for ,sachi1 was quite worthy of him 7#ca74 ,i think that it was quite in keeping with the high estimation in which that infallible being1 that origin of the worlds1 that supreme and most ancient creator is held 7#cb74 ,but1 ,o illustrious sage1 ,o most pious one1 ,i am younger than that slayer of ,vala1 and ought to be cherished by him like 7his son7 ,jayanta 7#cc74 ,o thou of ascetic wealth1 it is thy duty to preserve between us 7me and ,indra7 amicable relations by all means2 and ,i ask thee to do so1 because ,i know thee to be able to do so 7#cd74 ,i have promised1 ,o sage1 that for the accomplishment of ,satyabhama's ,punyaka vow1 ,i shall1 ,o lord1 bring down the ,parijata tree from heaven 7#ce74 ,how can ,i be able now1 ,o sage1 to break that promise of mine1 ,o sinless one1 as ,i have never before ,o twice-born one1 spoken falsehood 7#cf78 ,if ,i were to break my promise1 the worlds will then meet with their ends1 for1 ,o foremost of the sages1 it is my duty to protect the virtue and the good qualities of the people4 ,he on whom every one depends1 how can he speak untruth 7#cg78 ,neither gods1 nor the ,gandharvas1 nor the ,rakshasas1 nor the ,asuras nor ,jakshas1 nor ,pannagas1 shall be able to frustrate my promise2 this ,i tell thee truly1 and may fortune attend thee4 ,o sage 7#ch76 ,if that lord of the immortals do not give the ,parijata tree at thy request1 ,i shall then hurl my mace at his breast besmeared by ,sachi with fragrant ointments 7#ci74 ,he is also to be informed by thee that if he refuses to part with the ,parijata tree when requested in this conciliatory manner1 let him rest assured about a visit from me there1 and let him prepare for it 7#dj74 ,this surely refers to the churning of the ocean by the gods and ,asuras4 ,as everybody would then speak falsehood1 and truth will be vanished from the face of the earth4 ,,chapter ,,cxxvi4 ,,the ,,colloquy ,,between ,,narada ,,and ,,indra ,,regarding ,,the ,,transplantation ,,of ,,the ,,parijata4 ,vaishampyana said3--,the sage ,narada then repaired to the residence of ,mahendra2 and there he passed the night in witnessing the festivities 7held in honor of ,siva7 7#a74 ,the illustrious ,adityas1 the best of gods1 the ,vasus1 the learned ,rajarshis who had attained to paradise through their meritorious deeds 7#b71 the ,nagas1 the ,yakshas1 the ,siddhas1 the ,charanas1 the sages of ascetic austerities1 ,brahmharsis by thousands1 ,devarshis and ,moonies 7#c71 the high-souled ,saparnas1 the highly powerful ,marutas1 and hundreds of other divine creatures were assembled there 7#d74 ,the god ,maheswara of immeasurable energy1 accompanied by ,uma and surrounded by his attendants sat at the head of them all 7#e74 ,that protector of all creatures was surrounded also by those foremost of the ,devarshis who suffer no decay even at the end of thousands of ,kalpas1 7#f7 who are worshipped by gods equal to ,indra1 are possessed of self-knowledge1 free from pride and who ever tread the path of rectitude 7#g74 ,the ,rudras the progeny of ,kasyapa1 ,skanda1 the god of fire1 that best of rivers ,ganga1 ,archisman1 ,tamburu1 ,bharisa1 that foremost of eloquent speakers1 those possessed of the ascetic merit1 and such other leaders of the divine host1 then ,o ,bharata1 adored that supreme god ,siva 7#h-i74 ,o ruler of men1 other gods devoted to religious ways and austerities and followers of the path of the pious1--followed their above-named leaders 7i4e41 offered homages to ,siva71 7#aj74 ,o king1 those men who desirous of good1 worship the gods on earth1 those men are in their turned worshipped in heaven by the immortals desirous of securing good 7#aa74 ,o descendant of the ,kouravas1 those men versed in the ,vedas1 who live according to the ordinances of the ,sastras and who adore the gods in the performance of their religious ceremonies for the benefit of their ancestral manes1 those are held in high estimation in the next world by the gods 7#ab74 ,o ruler of men1 there the illustrious ,chitraratha1 the king of the ,gandharvas together with his son1 delightfully played upon the heavenly musical instruments 7#ac74 ,urnayu1 ,chitrasena1 ,hahahuhu1 ,dumbara1 ,tamvura and other ,gandharvas sang the six different harmonies 7#ad74 ,urvasi1 ,viprachiti1 ,hem1 ,rambh1 ,hemadant ,ghritachi1 and ,sahajany and other damsels then performed numerous kinds of dances there 7#ae74 ,the self-possessed illustrious ,siva accepted these homages with pleasure1 and that lord of the world pleased with these worshipful acts of ,sakra1 went back to his own residence 7#af74 ,on the departure of that lord of the created beings1 the kings 7assembled there7 returned to the places whence they came2 the gods also honored by ,mahendra repaired to their respective abodes 7#ag74 ,when everybody had gone away and ,purandara was seated comfortably with his own courtiers1 the sage ,narada approached him 7#ah74 ,rising from his seat1 ,indra received that sage of ascetic wealth1 and offered him a seat made of ,kusa grass equal to that of his own 7#ai74 ,thereafter the highly powerful ,narada said these words to ,mahendra3--,o foremost of immortals1 know me now to be the messenger from ,vishnu of matchless might 7#bj74 ,i have been despatched here by that illustrious one of immense powers on a mission that will remove one of his causes of pain 7#ba74 ,thereupon greeting the sage with sweet and agreeable words1 the illustrious ,pkasasana said with delight 7#bb73--,o sage1 tell me without delay what has that foremost of men said2 it is after a long time that the high-souled ,krishna has remembered us 7#bc74 ,narada said3--,o ,mahendra1 on some business of mine1 ,i went to ,dwarka to see your younger brother ,upendra that enhancer of the glory of the ,kasyapas 7#bd74 ,i found that subduer of his foes1 that hero seated on the ,raivataka mountain in company with his wife ,rukshmini and offering eulogies to the ,god having the bull for his emblem 7#be74 ,i gave him then the flower of the ,parijata tree1 ,o sinless ruler of the gods1 in order that he may astonish his wives therewith 7#bf74 ,at the sight of that flower1 the production of the best of trees that bestows all desires1 the wives of ,kesava were greatly astonished 7#bg74 ,o bestower of honor1 ,i related to them the qualities of that flower and the creation of the ,parijata tree by the high-souled ,kasyapa 7#bh74 7,i related to them7 how the self-controlled ,kasyapa bound by the neck with a garland of flowers was given away to me by ,aditi for the sake of her ,punyaka vow 7#bi72 how you were given away2 by ,sachi1 and how similarly other gods were given away and ,o lord of the gods1 how ,kasyupa and other mighty sages obtained their release1 by having paid their ransom 7#cj74 ,on hearing these from me1 one very dear wife of your younger brother1 named ,satyabhm1 made up her mind to perform the ,punyaka vow 7#ca74 ,o lord of the immortals1 ,o bestower of honor1 that queen then entreated her husband to help her in the performance of that vow1 and your younger brother had pledged himself to that effect 7#cb74 ,o chief of the gods #a now hear attentively as ,i speak1 all that ,vishnu that foremost of powerful beings1 said to me then to convey to you 7#cc74 ,with due deference1 your younger brother1 ,achyuta who deserves all indulgence at your hands has said to you3--,o foremost of the gods6 it behoves thee to give me that first and excellent of trees1 ,parijta 7#cd74 ,let1 ,o slayer of the ,asuras1 the desire of thy sister-in-law be fulfilled2 specially ,o foremost of the gods1 as she is bent on a religious deed 7#ce74 ,o lord of created beings1 the people of heaven have had the privilege of looking upon that blessed tree2 now let the human beings of the earth be blessed with a sight of it through my instrumentality 7#cf74 ,vaishampyana said3--,o delighter of your race ,i having heard the words of ,vasudeva's son1 ,mahendra said these words to ,narada that foremost of eloquent speakers 7#cg73 ,o foremost of the twice-born ones3 take thy seat2 thou hast spoken aright and properly2 ,i shall entrust thee with a return message for ,vishnu of matchless powers 7#ch74 ,on ,narada resuming his seat1 ,sakra also1 with the former's permission seated himself down on a seat similar to that of ,narada 7#ci74 ,thus seated1 the lord of the gods that slayer of ,virtra1 cast a glance on his own magnificence and filled with delight thus addressed the sage ,narada 7#dj74 ,indra said3--,mighty and pious sage6 ,after the usual enquiry regarding his health and welfare1 ,janrddana1 that source of happiness to all creatures should be informed of these words of mine by thyself 7#da73--,there is not the shadow of a doubt that leaving me1 thou art the lord of the worlds4 ,o infallible one1 the ,parijta and all other precious possessions of heaven are thine own 7#db74 ,o divine one1 thou hast sojourned to the earth only for relieving her of her burden1 and thou art behaving thyself in the human way only for the sake of the success of thy mission 7#dc74 ,when after the fulfilment of thy earthly mission thou shalt return to heaven1 ,i shall fulfill1 ,o ,adhokshaja1 all the cherished desires of thy 7beloved7 wife 7#dd74 ,o ,kesava1 it is not at all proper to take the precious things of heaven down to earth merely for the sake of a trifle1 and this has been the long-standing practice 7#de74 ,if1 ,o mighty lord1 ,i trangress this long-standing rule obtaining in heaven1 what shall the ,prajapatis themselves say 7#df78 ,the high-souled ,brahman with his sons and grandsons hath established permanent rules regarding all actions in the worlds 7#dg74 ,if ,i venture to walk beyond the path thus laid down by ,prajapati ,brahman1 surely that intelligent lord when apprised of my transgressions will hurl down curses on me 7#dh74 ,if we ourselves break through these bindings of the standing customs then the ,daityas and their partisans1 as well as others will violate it without the slightest hesitation 7#di74 ,if for the sake of thy wife thou takest the excellent ,prijta down to earth1 then1 ,o bestower of honor1 the inhabitants of heaven will be much depressed 7#ej74 ,o sage1 let my brother1 seeing the course of the times1 be satisfied with those luxuries only which the uncreate ,brahman has ordained for the enjoyment of the human kind 7#ea74 ,o sire1 whatever possessions ,i have got in heaven1 ,krishna is at liberty to enjoy them when he remains here 7#eb74 ,janrddana is filled with the arrogance that attends those who eat rich dishes of meat1 and therefore it is that he is following the course of sin1 leaving virtue aside 7#ec74 ,born as a man in the human world1 the conduct of ,krishna towards me his elder brother1--this conduct which he offers me under the influence of his wife--would surely1 ,o ,nrada1 in my opinion redound much to his discredit 7#ed-ee74 ,this seizure of the precious possessions of heaven will be a direct insult to me2 and insult offered by the relatives is all the more disgraceful4 7#ef74 ,let the slayer of ,madhu enjoy in succession1 virtue1 wealth and desire1 those possessions of the pious ordained by the lotus-born ,brahman 7#eg74 ,if ,i were to allow this ,prijta tree to be taken down to earth1 who will1 even commencing with the daughter of ,puloma1 pay me the slightest regard 7#eh78 ,moreover1 seeing and touching the ,prijta tree on the face of the earth1 men will no longer endeavour for the attainment of ,heaven1 as they will then enjoy the blessings of heaven on earth itself 7#ei74 ,o ,nrada1 if the mortals enjoy the blessings of the ,prijta tree1 what difference there will be then between themselves and the gods 7#fj78 ,the acts which men do on earth1 they enjoy those acts here2 now if they be blessed with the possession of the ,prijta1 they will no longer exert themselves for attaining heaven 7#fa74 ,o sage6 ,prijta is the best of all the precious possessions of heaven1 and it is the glory of heaven2 this glory removed1 the earth with its mortals will be as good as heaven with its immortals 7#fb74 ,obtaining as they will1 the blessings of heaven on the face of the earth1 men will not celebrate sacrifices1 nor will they perform acts of pious liberality1 having been easily raised to the status of the immortals 7#fc74 ,now1 ,o sage1 mortals1 out of a desire for attaining heaven1 gratify ourselves by reverentially performing sacrifices1 ,japas and ,anhikas everyday 7#fd74 ,possessed of the blessings of the ,prijta1 they will not think of adhering to these observances2 and if they are neglected1 we shall also dwindle away in our strength being deprived of their benefit 7#fe74 ,we rear the corn on which men on earth live1 by showering on them sufficient rain from here2 and they also in their turn gratify ourselves by the celebration of sacrifices and acts of pious liberality 7#ff74 ,if when possessed of the blessings of ,prijta1 hunger1 thirst1 disease decrepitude1 death1 dissatisfaction1 stinking smells and other dreadful visitations of ,providence do not afflict men any longer1 why should they strive for the attainment of ,heaven 7#fg-fh78 ,for these reasons1 it is not at all advisable to take down the ,prijta tree there4 ,thus1 ,o twice-born sage1 should ,vishnu that performer of sinless deeds1 be addressed by thee 7#fi74 ,if thou wishest to please me1 ,o sage1 thou shalt also do1 after mature judgment1 all that3 would go to gratify my brother ,kesava 7#gj74 ,let ,kesava if he desires it1 take down to ,dwarka1 garlands1 gems1 jewels1 the ,agura sandal1 and beautiful garments and such other things which the mortals are entitled to1 for the enjoyment of his wife4 ,but it behoves him not to plunder heaven now 7#ga-gb74 ,i shall give whatever gems he may desire to have1 ,i shall give beautiful ornaments of all sorts1 but ,i will never give him1 ,o sage1 the ,prijta tree that most beloved possession of the inhabitants of heaven 7#gc74 ,literally his prowess and energy4 ,it is believed that the burnt offerings in the celebration of sacrifices c1 constitute the chief sustemance of the immortals4 ,,chapter ,,cxxvii4 ,,narada',s ,,advice ,,and ,,indra',s ,,answers4 ,vaishampyana said3--,o delighter of the ,kurus1 on having heard the words of the lord of the celestials1 the pious-minded ,narada that most eloquent speaker conversant with the essence of virtue1 thus spoke3--7#a74 ,o slayer of ,vala1 ,o mighty-armed one1 ,i am much concerned in you2 and therefore must say what will be conducive to your good 7#b74 ,as ,i was aware of your attitude1 ,i told the son of ,vasudeva that in days gone by1 you had not even given the ,parijata tree to the mighty god ,siva 7#c74 ,i tell you truly that ,i showed him numerous reasons 7for not taking down the ,parijata tree71 but he paid no heed whatever to them 7#d74 ',i am the younger brother of ,indra and therefore ,i claim indulgence at his hands'--these words did that lotus-eyed one tell me in reply4 7#e7 ,repeatedly did ,i1 ,o god1 show him numerous reasons2 but ,o slayer of ,vritra1 still his mind did not change 7#f74 ,moreover1 ,o god1 the slayer of ,madhu that foremost of men1 did as if in anger say at the conclusion of his address 7#g71 ',neither the gods1 nor the ,gandharvas1 nor the ,rakshas1 nor the ,asuras1 nor the foremost of the ,pannagas1 will succeed in attempting to thwart me out of my pledge2 ,o sage mayst thou be attended with all blessings 7#h76 ,if ,purandara thus requested by thee in a conciliatory manner does not give the ,parijata tree to me1 then will ,i hurl my mace at the breast of ,purandera on which ,sachi besmears fragrant ointments 7#i74' ,o ,mahendra1 this is the firm determination your brother ,upendra2 now do you do what seems proper and just to you with regard to this matter 7#aj74 ,hear from me1 ,o lord of the celestials1 words that will be conducive to your welfare1 as ,i speak them2 it seems to me better to allow the ,parijata to be transplanted to ,dwarka 7#aa74 ,o ruler of men1 thus spoken to by ,narada1 the destroyer of all1 the thousand-eyed deity1 inflamed with wrath1 thus addressed him in a clear and distinct voice 7#ab74 ,o thou of ascetic wealth1 if ,kesava is bent to behave thus towards me his innocent elder brother1 then what harm indeed can he do unto me 7#ac76 ,o ,narada1 in times past ,krishna committed many acts offensive and insulting to me2 ,i did put up with them all only remembering that he is my brother 7#ad74 ,on the occasion of the burning of the ,khandava forest when he drove ,arjuna's chariot1 he prevented my clouds from extinguishing the raging conflagration 7#ae74 ,he committed an act unpleasant and inimical to my interests by lifting up the ,govardhana mountain4 ,when again at the time of slaying ,vritra ,i sought his assistance 7#af71 he replied to me saying--',i am impartial and look equally upon all creatures4' ,then ,i slew ,vritra with the help of the strength of my own arms 7#ag74 ,thou also knowest well1 ,o sage1 that when ever war breaks out between the gods and the ,asuras ,krishna always fights as it pleases his sweet will 7ignoring my authority altogether7 7#ah74 ,what is the use of speaking much on the subject8 ,do thou endeavour to maintain an amicable feeling between ourselves4 ,o ,narada1 thou art my witness2 a rupture among our relatives is remote from my thoughts 7#ai74 ,keshava might well have been prepared to hurl his mace at my breast 7there is nothing untoward in it72 but no propriety could be conceived as to why the name of ,puloma's daughter was uttered in that connection 7#bj74 ,our father1 the almighty ,kasyapa1 together with our mother ,adity has gone for a sojourn into the waters4 ,this matter ought to be laid before them 7#ba71 namely1 that my brother ,krishna of uncontrolled ,self1 filled with ignorance and arrogance1 has1 through the instigation of his wife1 abused me his elder brother 7who ought to command his regard and obedience7 7#bb74 ,o twice-born one1 fie on women1 and fie on the influence of arrogance1 in as much as1 ,o ,vipra1 even ,vishnu1 instigated by his wife1 has this day insulted me 7#bc74 ,o mighty sage1 it is really surprising that ,krishna1 overcome by passion and lust1 did not pay the slightest regard to the race of our father ,kasyapa or to the race of the ,sukshnas whence our mother ,aditi has sprung1 or to the fact of my being his elder brother or to my celestial sovereignty and the respect in which ,i am held by the gods 7#bd-be74 ,o sinless one1 ,brahma told me in days past1 that a well-behaved and wise brother is to me esteemed more than thousands of sons and wives 7#bf74 ,my father1 one of the creators1 and my mother ,aditi also told me that there is no friend like the brothers1 other people are only useless seekers of livelihood 7#bg74 ,my father ,kasyapa also said1 that like the uterine brothers there is no friend in the worlds4 ,the ,danavas of sinful propensities fight with me because they are not my brothers 7#bh74 ,what ,i am now going to tell1 ,o ,vipra1 ought not be related by me for it contains my own praise2 but ,i may be excused it2 ,i relate it to-day only because there has been an occasion for it 7#bi74 ,o sinless one1 in the days of yore1 when through the virtue of the boon bestowed on them1 the bow-string of ,vishnu was not cut off by certain bow-men1 and whence thereafter1 ,o foremost of mighty sages1 his head was severed off his trunk1 it was ,i who entered into and sustained his body2 and when again1 with the energy of the ,rudras1 ,i succeeded in carefully replacing his head on his trunk1 it was ,achyuta himself who said that ,i am the best and foremost among the gods2 and then1 ,o ,narada1 once more remounting his bow with a new string ,keshava stood proudly 7to face his antagonists7 7#cj-cb74 ,o sage1 what will my father and my mother tell me if ,i were to neglect ,krishna then1--thinking of his only ancient affection did ,i1 ,o mighty ascetic1 incarnate myself in the body of ,krishna 7#cc74 ,o sage1 ,i gave him the ,indra's share of the offering of a sacrifice and caused it to be ,vaishnava1 out of my affection for ,i look upon him1 ,o ,narada1 as my younger brother 7#cd74 ,if however unfortunately a battle takes place between me and him1 it shall be he1 ,o thou of ascetic wealth that shall strike the first blow--although in other battles1 ,i myself deal it out in as much as ,i am a sovereign 7#ce74 ,o thou conversant with the essence of religions1 ,i have protected the persons of the regardful ,keshava as my own during all his incarnations1 ,o sinless one 7#cf74 ,dismantling this my residence ,vishnu has1 with these materials1 constructed1 ,o sage1 his own ,bhubana or world that is superior to all lokas 7#cg74 ,i did not turn my face on that1 ,o sage1 out of regard for my brother1 and as ,i always used to think that ',krishna is a boy and deserves indulgence at my hands' 7#ch74 ,my father and my mother1 ,o ,narada1 cherish ,govinda very much saying--',this my son is a mere child and is youngest in age 7#ci7'4 ,moreover ,keshava is the special favourite of my mother1 and1 as such1 ,i am very jealous of him4 ,there is not the slightest doubt that the depth of 7my mother's7 affection reaches its height in ,keshava 7#dj74 ,i believed ,keshava to be all-knowing1 powerful1 heroic1 and respector of deserving persons2 but that belief has proved to be a false one 7#da74 ,go thou1 ,o ,narada1 and tell ,keshava these my words2 ',challenged by my enemies ,i never turn back from a fight 7#db74 ,come1 if thou wishest1 ,i shall suffer what ever thou mayst desire2 ,o henpecked one1 strike the first blow if thou likest it 7#dc74 ,o ,janarddana1 riding on ,garuda and with a firm hand1 do thou deal the first blow with thy ,srnga mace1 or discus or sword 7#dd71 ,o fie1 thus struck1 ,o ,keshava1 ,i shall strike thee with all my might2 if1 indeed1 my affection does not overwhelm me in the act 7#de74' ,until ,i am conquered in a battle by the wielder of the discus ,krishna1 ,i will not1 ,o foremost of sages1 part with the ,prijata tree 7#df74 ,o thou of ascetic wealth1 when he1 being younger than ,i am1 challenges me his elder brother to fight1 for what reason should ,i then excuse that henpecked ,hari 7#dg78 ,do thou1 ,o illustrious sage1 go to ,dwark protected by ,krishna1 even to-day and tell ,achyuta that ,i am prepared for the quarrel 7struggle7 7#dh74 ,o thou1 of ascetic wealth1 bearing in mind all my words thou shalt thus speak to the slayer of ,madhu2--',until ,i am conquered by thee ,i shall not even let thee have a single leaf or its half of the ,parijata tree4' ,o illustrious sage1 for my pleasure thou shalt also tell ,achyuta fearlessly3--',it behoveth thee not to steal the tree deceitfully2 let there be a fair fight2 and fie be on crooked practices' 7#ej74 ,the author means that true and faithful friendship and love exist only between brothers2--between other parties it is merely a mockery1 a business--that of maintenance and support4 ,the wife loves the husband for he supports her--the old parents love their son because he is their maintainer and so forth4 ,,chapter ,,ccxviii4 ,,narada',s ,,advice4 ,vaishampyana said3--,on having heard the words of ,mahendra that foremost of eloquent speakers ,nrada addressed these words to the king of the celestials in secret 7#a74 ,there is not the slightest doubt that kings should be told only what is agreeable4 ,but sometimes when the opportunity presents itself1 disagreeable words but conducive to their good should also be spoken to them 7#b74 ,the sages say that it is not even proper to appear before a king without having leave to do so 7#c74 ,but1 as you always seek my advice in matters as to what should be done or not1 ,i shall therefore tell you something to-day uncalled-for and you may accept it if you like 7#d74 ,specially friends1 who do not desire to see their friends defeated1 should proffer them their just and good advice opportunely even if they are not called upon to do so 7#e74 ,good and pious people should always speak what is conducive to one's welfare although it may be disagreeable and unpleasant4 ,this is the way for the acquittance of the debt of affection that the sages recognised in days gone by 7#f74 ,disagreeable and untrue words that are transgressions of virtue1 are not listened to 7by anyone74 ,agreeable but harmful words should never be spoken in as much as they have been condemned by the sages 7#g74 ,o foremost of all good listeners1 listen to what it is my encumbent duty to speak1 and listening to my words that will conduce to your good1 act up to them1 ,o knower of all things6 7#h74 ,o ,slayer of ,vala1 there is no doubt1 ,o god1 that disunion among friendly or affectionate brothers causes delight into the hearts of the enemy 7#i74 ,o foremost of the celestials1 those actions only that are connected with a succession of good1 should be undertaken2 and others1 ,o best of intelligent beings1 should be taken in hand after due deliberation 7#aj74 ,acts which1 if begun1 would bring repentance in its train1 the learned should not at all begin4 ,this is the policy of the wise and intelligent 7#aa74 ,i do not really descry any very good result of this act 7viz471 refusal to give ,parijata to ,krishna4 ,o lord of the immortals1 now listen to the reasons thereof 7#ab74 ,that ,hari1 who doth pervade the world of causes and the world of consequences1 and whom the wise know to be the ,supreme ,soul beyond the influence of ,my1 the manifestation of whom is this universe1 is that unmanifest ,self and all other conscious beings1 have all drawn their consciousness from that ,supreme ,being ,vishnu 7#ac-ad74 ,the illustrious goddess ,um is the best and principal part of ,prakiti and ,vishnu is the source of consciousness to all conscious creation2 he pervades the manifest universe1 and is identified with all objects of enjoyment 7#ae74 ,like ,um1 ,rukshmini and other wives of ,krishna are his manifest qualities2 and the exchangeable ,prakriti1 and ,vishnu and ,rudra are all equally possessed of these qualities 7gunas7 7#af74 ,o foremost of gods1 there is not the slightest difference between ,rudra and ,vishnu2 and they are the eternal regulators of all qualified creations 7i4e4 all created things endowed with one of more of the qualities of ,satwa1 ,rajas1 ,tama71 and are also the primary qualities 7#ag74 ,the all-creating1 highly powerful ,vishnu1 known also as ,adhokshaja1 that protector of the worlds1 is the creator of the world and the god ,maheswara is the destroyer 7#ah74 ,brahm and the rest of the celestials and the ,prajapatis also have been all created afterwards1 ,o lord of the immortals1 by the high-souled ,mahdeva 7#ai74 ,that inconceivable1 infinite1 ancient ,purusha ,vishnu1 who is beyond the qualities themselves1 has thus been described in the ,vedas 7#bj74 ,in days gone by1 the illustrious ,vishnu was worshipped by ,aditi with great austerities2 and he then1 pleased with ,aditi1 bestowed a boon on her 7#ba74 ,i desire to have thee as a son4 ,this your mother ,aditi spoke to the god ,nryana and after having offered him prayers she bowed down to him7#bb74 ,thereupon she was told by him ,there is no person equal to myself in the universe2 ,i shall therefore be born as thy son in my own parts 7#bc74 ,thus1 ,o lord of the celestials1 that creator of all1 the highly powerful ,nryana1 was born as your brother and he is called ,upendra 7#bd74 ,thus out of his own will did that lord of the past1 present and future1 the eternal god ,hari1 create himself in the race of the ,kasyapa1 because it is in his nature to incarnate himself in this wise 7#be74 ,that lord of the universe1 its creator and destroyer1 ,keshava has manifested himself in ,mathur out of a desire for the well-being of the world 7#bf74 ,o bestower of honor1 as just a lump of ,palala is pervaded by a lubricating substance1 so is the universe itself pervaded by that wondrous powerful ,vishnu 7#bg74 ,that ,supreme ,brahma1 the soul of all1 the ,protector of all1 he that transcends all the gunas 7manifested primary elements7 being induced by his own desire1 incarnates himself in the world and thus produces changes in his own self 7#bh74 ,for these reasons ,keshava is to be worshipped by all the celestials2 that lotus-navelled almighty and the creator of the people is attended with great praise because he upholds the world in the shape of ,ananta4 ,he is also called ,sacrifice 7yajna7 by pious reciters of the ,vedas 7#bi-cj74 ,that ,lord assumed a white semblance in the ,satya cycle1 a red semblance in the ,tret1 a yellow semblance in the ,dwpara1 and he has now assumed a dark semblance in this ,kali cycle 7#ca74 ,this ,hari slew ,hiranakshya having assumed a divine semblance and this ,god1 out of desire for doing good to the world1 upheld the earth when she was sinking into the depth of the waters having assumed the shape of a boar4 ,he slew ,hiranyakasipu1 in the semblance of the ,man-lion 7#cb-cc74 ,assuming the semblance of the ,dwarf1 ,vishnu conquered the world and that auspicious ,god also bound ,vali with serpentine bonds 7#cd74 ,the generous ,vishnu1 of immeasurable prowess1 also usurped for your sake1 prosperity that was the common heritage of both the gods and ,asuras 7both having exerted for its production7 7#ce74 ,janrddana slays him1 whose virtue has waned and it is the vow of that high souled one to kill him who rests on untruth 7#cf74 ,that refuge of the pious1 ,govinda1 who is ever firm in virtue1 slew the principal ,dnavas1 the enemies of the gods1 only for the sake of pleasing you 7#cg74 ,that self-contained ,being1 born as ,rma1 slew ,rvana and other ,rakshasas like a lion slaying an elephant 7#ch74 ,for the sake of the well-being of the world that lord of the universe1 that best of all best beings1 still lives in the human world1 known by the name of ,upendra 7#ci74 ,i have seen ,hari wander among the ,daityas1 wearing matted locks and black deer-skin and bearing a ,danda 7rod7 in his hand1 like a raging fire amidst a heap of 7dried7 grass 7#dj74 ,i have also seen ,govinda rid ,dnava-ridden world of its ,dnavas1 for the sake of the well-being of the world 7#da74 ,o foremost of the gods1 ,janrddana must take away your ,prijta tree to ,dwark4 ,i do not speak untruth 7#db74 ,you shall not be able to strike ,krishna1 filled as you are with fraternal affection2 nor shall ,krishna be able to deal blows on an elder brother like yourself 7#dc74 ,if1 ,o ,god1 you do not like to pay any heed to the words spoken by me1 then consult with your other counsellors who are conversant with the rules of polity and are bent on our welfare 7#dd74 ,vaishampyana said3--,o ,janamejaya1 thus spoken to by ,nrada1 ,mahendra replied to that world-honored sage in the following words 7#de73--,this sort of greatness1 that thou attributest to ,krishna1 ,o twice-born sage1 ,i have heard of many and many a time before 7#df74 ,in as much as ,krishna is of the nature described by thee1 ,i shall not give him the ,prijta tree1 bearing fully as ,i do in mind the duty of the pious and the good 7#dg74 ,o sage1 may good betide thee6 ,i am assured as ,i know that ,krishna1 endowed as he is with all commendable qualities and mighty1 energy will not be angry merely for a trifle 7#dh74 ,the highly powerful gods are always very forgiving in their nature1 and are obedient to the words of elderly people who look with the eye of knowledge 7#di74 ,the high-souled ,krishna is the foremost of the virtuous and knows all things2 does it therefore befit him to quarrel with his elder brother only for a trivial reason8 7#ej7 ,as ,adhokshaja bestowed the boon on my mother1 so also it behoveth him now to satisfy the request of her sons who are his elder brothers 7#ea74 ,as ,janrddana out of his own will became ,upendra i4e41 ,indra's younger brother1 so also it behoves him now to maintain the honor of his brother ,indra 7#eb74 ,did not that god1 in a previous incarnation1 accept my priority of birth8 ,and if the slayer of ,madhu now desires to be my elder brother1 let him be so6 7#ec7 ,then having found the slayer of ,vala to be determined 7so as not to part with the ,prijta7 and having been dismissed by that foremost of the celestials1 the virtuous1 intelligent1 and self-controlled ,nrada went to the city protected by that foremost of the ,yadus viz41 ,krishna 7#ed74 ,conversant with the rules of worldly conduct and the essentials of polity4 ,these slokas are rendered freely in consultation with the ,bengali translation4 ,,chapter ,,ccxix4 ,,attributes ,,of ,,hari4 ,vaishampyana said3--,on coming to the beautiful city of ,dwarka1 that foremost of all sages1 ,nrada1 saw that foremost of beings1 that subduer of his foes1 ,nryana 7#a7 comfortably seated with ,satyabhm in his own mansion1 and appearing highly beautiful in consequence of his charming form that transcended all energies 7#b74 ,he saw the high-souled ,keshava of firm vows engrossed in that thought 7i4e41 of the ,prijta71 and only gratifying the lovely ,satyabhm with empty words 7#c74 ,on seeing ,nrada1 the divine ,adhokshaja rose 7from his seat7 and worshipped him with prescribed ceremonies 7#d74 ,after ,nrada had been comfortably seated1 having cast off the fatigue 7of the journey7 the slayer of ,madhu smilingly questioned him on the subject of the ,prijta tree 7#e74 ,thereupon1 ,o ,janamejaya1 that sage1 possessed of ascetic merit1 told the younger brother of ,indra all his words in full details 7#f74 ,having heard all those words from ,nrada1 ,krishna spoke to him thus3 ,even to-morrow shall ,i go to the region of the celestials1 ,o foremost of all virtuous sages 7#g74 ,having spoken this much only ,hari entered into the waters of the ocean1 accompanied by ,nrada2 and there in secret he again addressed him thus 7#h73--;,going to-day to the residence of ,mahendra1 and offering him my best regards1 do thou1 ,o sage1 tell that foremost of immortals1 the high-souled ,indra1 these my very words 7#i74 ',o ,sakra1 ,o lord ,i know me determined as regards the fetching down of the ,prijta here2 and if a fight does actually take place1 thou shalt not be able to stand before me 7even for a moment47' 7#aj74 ,thus spoken to by ,krishna1 ,nrada once more went to the celestial region and spoke to the lord of the gods all the words of ,krishna of immeasurable energy 7#aa74 ,thereupon that slayer of ,vala1 ,sakra spoke every thing to ,vrihaspati2 on hearing from him1 ,o delighter of the ,karus1 ,vrihaspati thus spoke 7#ab74 ,o fie6 ,this nasty affair has originated only because ,i was absent from the abode of ,brahm4 ,this will create a dissension 7#ac74 ,for what reason1 ,o lord of the universe1 hast thou commenced this business1 without having previously told me of it8 7#ad7 ,or1 ,o slayer of ,vritra1 the world is led to act by fate born out of previous actions2 and it is beyond the power of any body to prevent it 7#ae74 ,a hasty commencement of actions is not commendable2 and therefore this business1 hastily begun as it is1 will surely give us dishonor and defeat 7#af74 ,thereupon ,mahendra spoke these words to the high-souled ,vrihaspati3--,it now behoves you to say what should be done under the present circumstances 7#ag74 ,thereupon after reflecting for a while with his countenance cast down1 the virtuous-minded ,vrihaspati1 of liberal understanding1 the knower of all things in the past and the future1 thus replied to him 7#ah74 ,now1 try your best to fight ,janrddana1 with the help of your son 7,jayanta74 ,o ,sakra1 ,i shall afterwards do what shall be more just and politic 7#ai74 ,having thus spoken1 ,vrihaspati went into the milky ocean1 and there he said every thing to the high-souled ,kashyapa 7#bj74 ,having heard that 7i4e41 the affair of the ,prijta17 from ,vrihaspati1 ,kashyapa was enraged and thus spoke to him4 ,that this was sure to have taken place1 there was not the slightest doubt 7#ba74 ,he1 of hundred ,sacrifices1 was inflamed with a lustful desire towards the worthy wife of the mighty sage ,devasoma2 the evil of the course he followed has now undertaken him 7#bb74 ,for the atonement of that sin1 ,i have1 ,o sage1 commenced this living in water4 ,but still that heinous sin has now undertaken him 7#bc74 ,o thou of ascetic merit1 ,i1 with ,aditi1 shall go there1 mediations and fate favouring1 and shall prevent them both 7from splitting each other's blood7 7#bd74 ,thereafter the virtuous-souled ,vrihaspati thus spoke to the son of ,maricha4 ,if the time comes1 thou shalt go in good time 7#be74 ,having said ,very well1 ,kashyapa dismissed ,vrihaspati2 thereafter he went to worship the god ,rudra1 that lord of all beings 7#bf74 ,there the intelligent and illustrious ,kashyapa1 desirous of obtaining a boon1 worshipped1 in company with ,aditi1 the peaceful and high-souled god1 having the bull for his emblem 7#bg74 ,thereafter that son of ,marichi1 ,kashyapa1 in order to please the god ,ishna1 that preceptor of the universe1 began to eulogise him in ,vedic as well as in self-composed hymns 7#bh74 ,kashyapa said3--,to him whose foot-falls are mighty1 who is the nascent cause of the universe1 who is the ,supreme1 who is the creator of the world 7potent cause71 who is attained only through virtue 7,dharma71 who is the ,lord of grace 7i4e41 metes out grace to them who worship and adore him71 who is ,self-controlled and endued with divine energy--,i bow down to that illustrious lord of the universe 7#bi74 ,he is the lord of the celestials4 ,he is the destroyer of sin4 ,through his instrumentality the universe extends1 ,he being the cause nascent and potential4 ,the image of ,his intelligence1 the sacred waters hold4 ,i seek refuge with the ,supreme ruler of the universe 7#cj74 ,he1 who under the semblance of a self-controlled ascetic1 slew the uncontrolled who were ignorant of the doctrines of the ,vedanta and tried to do away with the friendly qualities1 ,he1 whose semblance is delightful1 and whose origin is sacred1 ,i seek the protection of that lord of the universe with my 7bent7 head 7#ca74 ,that great and undisputed ,master of the universe1 who takes under his benign protection the advanced 7i4e41 that is morally and religiously7 section of worldly beings1 ,he who is the ,light of all lights4 ,he1 who is identified with the semblance of ,brahma known by the designation of ,sukrita--is immutable and indomitable2 that bestower of boons on those sages who perform penances living upon the juice of the ,soma plant and the beams of the moon2 may that ,being nourish me with his ,eternal ,energy6 7#cb7 ,he who is demonstrated in the ,atharva ,veda2 ,he whose heads are beautiful1 ,he who is the origin of the beings1 who is accomplished1 heroic1 and destroyer of the ,danavas2 ,he who in sacrifices is the sanctified sacrificial burnt offering2--,i do seek the refuge of that ,divine ,being1 the ,lord of the universe 7#cc74 ,he in whom this illusory universal net is woven2 ,he who is the universe and its soul2 ,he who discovers happiness for his votaries and travels in a vehicle that soars high in the heavens2 may that ,lord of the universe be ever graciously pleased with me1 7or be the source of constant happiness to me7 7#cd74 ,i do bow down to the furious ,mahdeva who wanders in our hearts1 who is ,absolute ,intelligence whose branches 7the ,vedas that have come out of ,him7 are all beautiful1 who is the highly powerful leader of virtue1 worshipful1 thousand-eyed1 distributer of fruits of actions done in a hundred different ways1 and who is the creator of the worlds 7#ce74 ,he that is pure 7unconsorted7 attainable through ,yoga1 praised in the ,vedas1 beyond the reach of sin1 the cause of destruction1 the source of the world's weal and woe1 the ,lord of all creation1 the upholder of the burden of the universe1 the master of the senses1 and the resort of the destructive agencies 7such as time1 c417 ,i do approach1 with a bent head1 that god whose forehead is beautified with a crescent 7#cf74 ,he who wields the trident1 who gives fruition 7of acts7 soon1 who reduces the influence of the evil passions and increases such qualities as quietude1 c41 who is identical with such pious acts as sacrifices1 c41 who is that quality of religious merit through which sins dwindle away soon1 who is the recipient of the fruits of religious merit consequent on deeds performed with sanctity and the principle of goodness1 who is the real essence of all1 and who has taken the vow 7of purity7--,i do seek protection from him 7#cg74 ,he who is infinite in energy1 who is the upholder of all actions1 the ,primary ,being1 who is 7unlike other gods7 free from sacrificial modes1 and is endowed with knowledge--,he who is the cause of the commencement of sacrifices by sacrificial priests1 the eater of sacrificial ,havis2 who is the first-born in the universe1 and the eldest of creation1 and who is like a ,brhmana among the pious--,i do seek his refuge 7#ch74 ,he who transcends the ,gunas 7the elements of creation71 who is like ,vishnu the son of ,prisni1 who transcends the illusory creation--and agitates the universe through his beatitude1 whose semblance is charming2 who is of pure self1 who is also--but intelligence1 who practises ,maya in dealing with the wicked--,i bow down to him 7#ci74 ,i bow down to ,him who is the ,omkara of half syllables of the ,yogis who is free from harmful acts and the identity of ,virtue1 who is firm in vow1 and in 7handing7 the bow1 who is the act of throwing1 who is heroic1 accomplished in bowmanship1 beyond the reach of weapons and the ,lord of the living creation1 and its destroyer 7#dj74 ,he who is without a second 7sole matchless7 the friend of all1 the past and the future1 the discoverer of ,havi1 7sacrificial burnt offerings71 in the shape of fire1 the destroyer of all passions as lust1 c41 the slayer of ,rkshasas1 who is undivisible1 and the divider1--may that illustrious ,god protect me 7#da74 ,that one ,lord of the worlds1 who though one--enters into every thing of the universe1 that one who gave the vital breaths 7,maruts7 their life1 breath1 7i4e41 he who is the life of life71 he who1 out of his innate harmlessness1 is ever attended upon by friendliness and amiability1 may that god of good actions lead me to-day to blessings and happiness 7#db74 ,he1 who in the shape of ,brahm1 created the ,satyaloka together with the essence of goodness1 and the entire illusory universe1 who is all-cognizant and the knower of ,brahma and is endowed with six excellences1 whose semblance is numerous1 in his different enemy-destroying incarnations1 may that god protect me6 7#dc7 ,he who is the revealer of the supersensuous and the sensuous objects1 who is increate and self-sufficient1 who is entire and undivided who is in contact with the sense-objects1 the granter of prosperities1 the giver of life1 the wearer of deer-skin1 who is ,supreme ,ecstacy1 the life of the blowing winds1 the receptacle of conception1 the creator of happiness--may that ,lord bless me accompanied by his two wives 7#dd74 ,he who posseses three eyes1 who gives nourishment1 who1 to inculcate religion to the twice-born ones1 accords boons to the sacrificers1 ,he who is the most excellent of the excellent the winner of victory in battles1 the ,lord1 the ,god of the gods1--,i resort to the protection of that ,rudra 7#de74 ,he that is the mouth of the gods in the shape of fire1 the destroyer of the evil doers1 who is the ,soma sacrifice1 the annihilator of the tree of ,mundane ,existence1 the witness of all the actions1 the source of dissolution of all things1--,i seek refuge with that ,lord of ,beings1 ,rudra1 the knower of the ,gunas and their repository 7#df74 ,he who is prideless1 the performer of sacrifices1 the beginning1 the middle and the end of the worlds1 the condition of peace and unification1--he who is sung in the sacrifices prescribed in the ,vedas as numerous different gods1 and ,he who is the regulator even of the celestial world1 ,i seek refuge with that ,rudra 7#dg74 ,he who is the wearer of the elephant-skin1 the performer of vows and observances1 who is decorated with a zone1 who is easily pleasable1 the controller of anger free from sin1 ever-existent1 and the ,supreme ,soul1 who is immanent in ,nature1 the wearer of matted locks1 ,i bow1 down to that ,lord1 the adorable of the adorable 7#dh74 ,the god of gods1 the holy of holies1 the sacrifice of sacrifices1 the greatest of the great1 ,he of hundred 7infinite7 semblances1 the ,master of all the masters of the senses1 7i4e41 eye of eyes1 ear of ears1 c417 the ever-praised one1 ,i seek refuge with him4 7#di74 ,he who is the wonder of all hearts1 the ,purusha of mysterious appellation1 the self-manifest ,pranava1 who is revealed even in the absence of such revealing agencies as light and the eyes1 c41 and ,he1 who is the potent cause of the divine image known as ,jiva1 ,i bow down to that god endued with the qualities and the repository of all bliss 7#ej74 ,he who is the producer of the both 7matter and mind7 but is himself unproduced1 7or ,he from whom matter and mind have been born but who did not produce them1 ,he transcending all causes7 who is subtle 7inconceivable7 and simultaneously the same with and different from all created beings 7unified and differentiated7 who is self-existent1 the place of dissolution of existence1 the benign ,giver who is sweetness1 ecstacy and beatitude1 may ,he protect me 7#ea74 ,he who is near to every body1 and revealed to those who are possessed of ,sadhana1 who is the bestower of such knowledge as ',i am absolute'1 to those who reverentially believe in ,him1 the presiding ,deity of the great and the good actions1 ,he who is fulfiller of the desires and the fulfillment of the ,six ,excellences1 may that ,lord protect me 7#eb74 ,he who is destroyer of the mental and physical sources of pain1 the efficient as well as the material cause1 the evolver 7of the passions7 may that ,god of gods1 that one possessed of ,supreme ,energy1 cut off the cause of pain of me and of the pious1 wielding his potent weapons 7#ec74 ,by whom in the days of yore the guileful ,danavas who used to give much pain to the gods1 were cut with dreadful arrows and eradicated as so many thorns1 may that upholder of the water of the universe1 that ,supreme ,lord1 protect me6 7#ed7 ,the destroyer with whom1 when he was desirous of abolishing the portion of the sacrificial offerings of the ,god1 the sacrificer ,daksha sought refuge1--may that ,lord of sacrifices1 the beginning and the end of all things1 the destroyer of ,daksha's sacrifice--the all-intelligent one1 protect me 7#ee74 ,he that creates and annihilates the world1 that mystery of mysteries1 that one possessed of primary notions1 who although different from all things in the shape of ,vishnu is present in the sacrifices and is the principal resort of the ,six ,excellences1 may that ,god ,narayana1 protect my son ,indra 7#ef74 ,the three conditions of the ,gunas1 viz41 creation1 existence1 and annihilation1 eternally live in him1 the principle of ,excellence 7,sattwa7 proceeds from his nature2 ,he is the protector of the protectors of the world1 the destroyer of the wicked doers1 in the shape of ,rudra1 the ,beginning of the universe and the annihilator of the oppressors of the world 7#eg74 ,he whose very small part is ,vishnu of ,infinite ,forms1 ,he1 into whose residence ,brahm and his sons and the ,brhmanas headed by ,marichi although born from him1 are incapable of entering1 may that protector of the pious1 together with the goddess ,um be pleased with me 7#eh74 ,he1 from whom the elements have sprung1 who maintains them1 and in whom they become merged 7in the form of destruction7 ,he1 that is the power of retention1 the prosperity1 and the revelation of mysteries to that high-souled person who devoutly seeks the ,supreme ,being--surely that ,god will put an end to all our miseries 7#ei74 ,the whole male creation1 of the universe1 is identical with the three-eyed ,god1 and the female portion--is the goddess ,um1 the holder of all4 ,there does not in the universe exist any one who may be their third4 ,mahdeva only is the supreme ,brahma1 and he is the every thing and the lord of every thing 7#fj7 ,thus eulogised the almighty ,god1 of the emblem of the bull1 that soul of virtue1 revealed ,himself to ,kashyapa that foremost of the upholders of virtue 7#fa74 ,with a pleased heart1 that lord of the gods then thus spoke to ,kashyapa3--,o ,creator of the worlds 7,prajpati71 ,i know the reason why you are praying to me 7#fb74 ,the high-souled gods ,indra and ,upendra will both be tranquilized2 but the illustrious ,janrddana will carry off the ,prijta tree 7#fc74 ,o ,kashyapa6 ,mahendra was cursed by the sage ,devasom 7,goutoma7 of high-penance--for having desired connexion with his wife2 7this present calamity is the result of that curse7 7#fd74 ,o virtuous one6--,now do you go accompanied by ,aditi to the daughter of ,daksha1 at the residence of ,sakra2 surely your two sons will be attended with blessings 7#fe74 ,having heard those words of the ,god ,hara1 that son of the son of the lotus-born one1 that incomparable one--the blessed ,kashyapa went to the abode of the gods1 with a delighted heart and bowed down to that preceptor of celestials ,mahdeva 7#ff74 ,reference is to the story of the occupation of the three worlds1--the heaven1 the earth1 and the nether regions by the three feet of ,krishna1 in his dwarf incarnation-shorn of metaphor1 it refers to the doctrine of universal maya inculcated in the ,upanishads4 ,the reference is to the text of ,sruti4 ,refers to the five ,koshas or ,sheaths of the self1 mentioned in the ,upanishadas1 vis1 the ,corporeal 7,dehamaya71 the ,vital 7,pranamaya71 the ,sensorial 7,manomaya71 the ,conceptual 7,vijnanmaya71 and the ,blissful 7,anandamaya74 ,these according to the ,hindu philosophy are five namely-,earth1 water1 fire1 wind and the sky4 ,,chapter ,,ccxx4 ,,the ,,fight ,,between ,,krishna ,,and ,,indra4 ,vaishampyana said3--,here the highly energetic ,vishnu1 a moment after sun rise1 went to the ,raivataka mountain1 under the pretext of hunting1 taking up1 ,o descendant of the ,kurus1 that foremost of men ,satyaki on his car and telling ,pradyumna ,follow me 7#a-b74 ,on having reached the ,raivataka mountain1 that divine one thus spoke to ,druka3--,o ,daruka1 take charge of my chariot and wait here tending and grooming the horses for this half of the day2 ,o foremost of charioteers1 ,i shall re-enter ,dwark on this very car 7#c-d74 ,having thus delivered his command1 that illustrious and intelligent god1 of immeasurable prowess1 rode on the back of ,garuda1 being accompanied by ,satyaki 7#e74 ,o descendant of the ,kurus1 that slayer of his foes ,pradyumna followed ,krishna from behind on a separate car capable of coursing on hills 7#f74 ,within the twinkle of an eye the intelligent ,hari arrived at the pleasure park of the gods1 the ,nandana forest1 with a view to carry away the ,prijta from there 7#g74 ,there in the garden of gods1 the illustrious ,adhokshaja saw hosts of celestial warriors1 indomitable1 courageous and armed with various weapons 7#h74 ,that refuge of the pious1 the mighty ,krishna uprooted the ,prijta tree and placed it on the back of ,garuda even before their eyes 7#i74 ,thereupon1 ,o ,bhrata1 the ,prijta1 having embodied itself1 approached 7with prayer7 ,kesava and ,garuda1 that king of birds 7#aj74 ,the tree ,prijta was consoled by the high souled ,kesava and was told--,do thou not fear1 ,o tree 7#aa74 ,then assuring himself that the tree ,prijta was securely placed 7on the bird's back71 ,adhokshaja began to go round that best of strong-holds1 the abode of the gods 7#ab74 ,meanwhile the keepers of the garden of gods1 had run to ,mahendra and informed him saying--that the most excellent of trees1 the ,prijta1 is being carried away4 7#ac74 ,thereupon the subduer of ,pka 7,indra7 came out mounted on ,airvata being followed from behind by ,jayanta on a car 7#ad74 ,then beholding that slayer of his foes ,vsudeva1 who had by that time reached the ,eastern gate1 ,indra said--,o slayer of ,madhu1 what is this going on 7#ae74 ,thereupon ,kesava1 seated on the back of ,garuda1 saluted ,sakra with his head and said3--,i am only taking away this excellent tree for a ceremonious observance of your sister-in-law 7#af74 ,sakra replied saying1--,o lotus-eyed one1 thou shouldst not take away this tree1 ,o infallible one1 without challenging me to fight 7#ag74 ,o mighty armed ,kesava1 deal thou the first blow on me2 and let thy promise be fulfilled by your hurling the ,koumodaki mace at me 7#ah74 ,thereupon1 ,o ,bhrata1 ,krishna began to pierce the excellent elephant of the king of the celestials1 with sharp arrows fierce like thunder itself 7#ai74 ,then with excellent arrows of heavenly make1 the wielder of the thunder-bolt began to pierce ,garuda2 and he soon succeeded in cutting off all the arrows of the light-handed ,kesava 7#bj74 ,mdhava cut off all those arrows which the lord of the gods shot2 and smiling1 the slayer of ,vala and ,vritra severed those shot by ,mdhava 7#ba74 ,then1 ,o delighter of the ,karus1 at the sound of ,mahendra's bow and at the twang of the ,sranga bow1 the inhabitants of heaven swooned away 7#bb74 ,when the fight was thus raging between them the highly powerful ,jayanta tried to remove the ,prijta tree from the back of ,garuda 7#bc74 ,thereupon the slayer of ,kansa said to ,pradyumna ,prevent him 7from taking away the ,prijta72 and instantly the highly powerful son of ,rukshmini opposed him 7firmly7 7#bd74 ,then ,jayanta1 seated on his chariot1 that foremost of victorious persons1 began to pierce with sharp arrows smilingly the son of ,rukshmini on all parts of his body 7#be74 ,the lotus-eyed god ,cupid on the other hand1 seated on his chariot1 pierced the son of ,indra1 with arrows looking like snakes 7#bf74 ,o delighter of the ,karus1 then a fierce combat raged between the heroic ,jayanta and the son of ,rukshmini 7#bg74 ,then those two mighty heroes1 the sons of ,upendra and ,mahendra1 the foremost of the wielders of weapons1 used offensive and defensive weapons against each other 7#bh74 ,the gods1 the sages1 the ,siddhas and the ,chrnas1 all beheld that fierce combat being much struck with wonder 7#bi74 ,o delighter of the ,kurus1 meanwhile1 a messenger of the gods1 named ,pravara1 of great strength1 tried to take away the ,prijta from the back of ,garuda 7#cj74 ,o descendant of the ,kurus1 this ,pravara was the friend of the ruler of the gods2 he was accomplished in the use of mighty weapons and able to subdue all his foes2 he was incapable of being slain by virtue of a boon obtained from ,brahm 7#ca74 ,formerly he was a ,brhmana inhabiting the ,jamva ,island1 whence through the merit of religious penances1 he attained to heaven1 and there ,o ruler of men1 he earned the friendship of the slayer of ,vala by virtue of his own powers 7#cb74 ,on beholding him advance1 ,krishna told ,styaki2--,o ,styaki1 even from this place do thou oppose ,pravara with thy arrows 7#cc74 ,thou shalt not1 ,o ,satyaki1 shoot fierce arrows at him and his ,brahmanical fickleness should be put up with by all means 7#cd74 ,thereafter the mighty-armed ,pravara1 that foremost of twice born ones1 pierced ,satyaki who was seated on ,garuda with a group of sixty sharp arrows 7#ce74 ,thereupon1 ,o king1 the grandson of ,sini1 that foremost of warriors1 cut off the bow of ,pravara with which he was shooting the arrows1 and spoke these words to him 7#cf74 ,thou art not to be slain being a ,brhmana2 go and pursue thy own mode of life2 twice-born sages1 even if they offend1 are incapable of being slain by the ,ydavas 7#cg74 ,o delighter of the ,kurus1--,pravara then thus smilingly replied to him--,o foremost of human heroes1 thou needst not be forgiving2 fight the battle with all thy might 7#ch74 ,i am the disciple of ,jamadagni's son ,rama1 and my name is ,pravara4 ,i enjoy the friendship of the illustrious ,sakra 7#ci74 ,the gods here do not desire to join in the fray out of regard for the slayer of ,madhu2 but ,o ,mdhava1 ,i shall to-day pay off the debt of friendship ,i owe to ,indra1 7by slaying his adversary7 7#dj74 ,then ,o king1 a fearful battle raged between them1 as that foremost of men1 the grandson of ,sini1 and the best of the twice-born one1 shot at each other weapons of divine make 7#da74 ,then as the battle between those high-souled ones progressed1 the sky began to tremble and the mountains were highly agitated 7#db74 ,here on the other hand1 neither the son of ,krishna was able to overpower that foremost of all wielders of weapons the son of ,indra1 nor was this latter able to defeat that best of heroes1 the illustrious and heroic son of ,krishna 7#dc74 ,o best of men1 then those two foremost of heroes1 each desirous of winning victory over the other1 fought on exclaiming--strike1 'hold1' c4 7#dd74 ,the powerful son of ,sachi then1 ,o king1 challenging the son of the wielder of the ,srnga bow 7,krishna7 struck him with a weapon of heavenly make 7#de74 ,the son of ,krishna1 then with an arrowy net woven with sharp shafts1 stopped the fight of that blazing darts4 ,this appeared wonderful 7#df74 ,but1 ,o descendant of the ,kurus1 that blazing weapon1 dreadful and destructive of the ,dnavas1 after a moment's pause1 fell upon the top of the car of the son of ,rukshmini 7#dg74 ,the car of the illustrious ,pradyumna was burnt down by that weapon but it could not1 ,o ruler of men1 consume the son of ,rukshmini 7#dh71 for ,o ,lord of men1 fire1 although tremendous1 cannot burn another fire4 ,thereafter the mighty-armed son of ,rukshmini extricated himself from the burning chariot 7#di74 ,then the son of ,nryana1 that best of car-warriors1 being deprived of his car1 stationed himself in the heaven with bow in hand and thus addressed ,jayanta 7#ej74 ,o son of ,mahendra1--,i am incapable of being slain by the weapon of divine make that thou didst hurl at me and by hundreds of such weapons 7#ea74 ,try thy best and display to-day all learning and knowledge2 but1 ,o son of an immortal1 there is none that can overpower me in battle 7#eb74 ,when armed with weapons thou didst come out in thy car1 ,i was a little afraid2 but now having seen thy prowess in battle ,i do not fear thee the least1 7#ec74 ,as thou shalt no longer be able to touch this ,prijta tree with thy hands1 content thyself with its thought in thy mind 7#ed74 ,of the illusive chariot that thou hast burnt down with the flame of thy weapon1 ,i can create thousands through the virtue of my illusive powers 7#ee74 ,thus spoken to the highly powerful ,jayanta1 with great force1 shot a fierce weapon obtained by him through his austere penances 7#ef74 ,pradyumna opposed that weapon of tremendous force with a net-work of arrows2 the son of ,indra next shot another four arrows 7#eg74 ,and those weapons1 ,o ,bhrata1 chocked all the quarters of the heavens2 then with another set of five arrows1 he completely covered the son of ,rukshmini on the sky 7#eh74 ,arrows like blazing fire and dreadful weapons1 all1 that the foremost of the immortals showered on ,pradyumna1 fell from all sides 7#ei74 ,all those weapons and arrows the son of ,krishna checked by a group of his own arrows2 and he then also pierced ,jayanta with other sharp arrows 7#fj74 ,then the immortals of holy deeds1 beholding the firmness and light-handedness of the high-souled ,pradyumna1 exclaimed out in joy 7#fa74 ,the heroic descendant of ,sini also1 ,o ,bharata1 cut off the bow-string and the finger-protector of ,pravara with a sharp arrow 7#fb74 ,the latter then grasped another mighty bow of excellent make1 which was given to him by ,mahendra and whose twang resembled the sound of thunder 7#fc74 ,then with that mighty bow1 that foremost of twice-born ones1 that heroic ,pravara began to shoot arrows of diverse sorts1 bright and effulgent like rays of the sun 7#fd74 ,he cut off the beautiful bow of the mighty grandson of ,sini and pierced him on all parts of his body1 with numerous shafts 7#fe74 ,thereupon1 ,o delighter of the ,kurus1 the grandson of ,sini took up another bow capable of withstanding much force2 and that intelligent one then sorely pierced ,pravara in that battle 7#ff74 ,they cut off each other's armours with sharp shafts2 and with arrows capable of penetrating to the very heart they mutilated each other's flesh 7#fg74 ,then again the heroic ,pravara severed1 in twain1 the bow of ,styaki with eight whetted shafts and pierced him with three more 7#fh74 ,when ,styaki thought of taking up another bow1 that twice-born one1 of great light-handedness1 struck him with a mace that could be hurled at the foe 7#fi74 ,thereupon ,styaki1 with a smile1 took up his sword and buckler and that intelligent one did not take up his bow as he was sorely wounded with the bow4 ,but the brave ,pravara cut off the sword and buckler shooting a full hundred arrows 7#gj74 ,thereupon ,pradyumna1 beholding that delighter of the ,yadus1 namely ,satyaki disarmed1 gave him another sword bright like the cloudless sky 7#ga74 ,but ,pravara1 with a smile1 cut off even that sword with a sharp ,valla1 when it was in the grasp of its owner 7#gb74 ,thereupon with sharp straight arrows he began to mutilate ,styaki's skin2 and that twice born one1 struck on the breast with a lance1 shouted out in joy 7#gc74 ,then finding him over-powered ,pravara approached ,garuda on his car with a view to take away the ,prijta from his back 7#gd7 ,thereupon ,garuda struck him with his wings so vehemently that he1 with his car1 fell full four miles back and there fainted away 7#ge74 ,o king6 ,jayanta then hastened to pick up the ,brhmana who was thus hurled back1 and taking him up on his car cheered him 7#gf74 ,on the other hand1 ,pradyaumna consoled and cheered up his uncle the grandson of ,sini who was fainting and falling down over and over and embraced him 7in order to infuse strength into him7 7#gg74 ,the slayer of ,madhu then touched ,satyaki with his right hand2 and instantly at the touch the latter was free from pain and distress 7#gh74 ,then ,pradyumna and ,satyaki--the two foremost of warriors1 placed themselves on the right and left side of ,prijta respectively 7in order to protect it7 7#gi74 ,on the other hand1 ,o ,bhrata1 the high-souled ,mahendra beholding ,jayanta and ,pravara returning to the fight on the same chariot1 smilingly said to them 7#hj73--,never and under no circumstances go near ,garuda1 the king of the feathery creation2 the son of ,vinat is immensely mighty 7#ha74 ,do you both place yourselves armed on my left and right side and behold me fight 7with ,krishna7 7#hb74 ,thus spoken to1 those two heroes placed themselves on both sides of ,sakra and witnessed the fighting between ,indra and ,janrddana 7#cc74 ,indra then pierced ,garuda on all parts of his body with arrows and mighty weapons of excellent make1 whose sound resembled the rumble of thunder 7#hd74 ,but the highly powerful son of ,vinat1 that heroic subduer of his foes1 without paying the least heed to those arrows1 flew swiftly towards the elephant of ,sakra 7#he74 ,then those two mighty highly powerful1 courageous and indomitable bird and elephant began to fight with tremendous fierceness 7#hf74 ,emitting loud roars that king of elephants ,airvata then began to wound the enemy of the snakes with his tusks1 trunk and head 7#hg74 ,the son of ,vinat1 of fierce strength1 on the other hand attacked the elephant of ,indra1 with his sharp claws and strokes of wing 7#hh74 ,within a moment the fight between the bird and the elephant grew dreadful1 so much so as to strike terror into heart of the onlookers1 and to cause astonishment to the whole universe 7#hi74 ,thereafter ,o ,bhrata1 ,garuda1 of mighty strength1 struck ,airvata on the head with his fierce claws furnished with fearful talons 7#ij74 ,afflicted sorely with the wound1 ,o ,janamajaya1 the elephant fell from the heights of heaven on the top of that best of mountains the ,prijtra that exists on this island of ours 7#ia74 ,but as he fell1 the mighty ,sakra did not leave her1 out of pity1 friendliness and of his promise made before 7#ib74 ,the infallible and mighty ,krishna1 of supreme intelligence1 followed him on ,garuda carrying the ,prijta1 tree 7#ic74 ,the slayer of ,krita was thus born down to the ,parijatra mountain4 ,then when ,airvata regained strength1 the battle between ,krishna and ,indra once more raged fiercely 7#id74 ,they shot at each other gem-bedecked arrows resembling snakes in shape and carefully tempered and whetted on stone 7#ie71 ,o king1 thereafter the wielder of the bolt of heaven hurled at ,garuda1 ,airvata's enemy1 his thunder again and again with great noise 7#if74 ,but that foremost of all beings possessed of prowess1 that king of the birds incapable of being slain by any one1 patiently endured all those strokes of thunder 7#ig74 ,but each time out of regard for the bolt of heaven and for his brother the heavenly king ,sakra1 the king of birds plucked a feather from his wing 7#ic74 ,o king1 the mountain ,prijatra then sank down under the weight of ,garuda1 and trembling in all parts it went inside the earth 7#ii74 ,it emitted sweet sound in order to show respect for ,krishna and ,adokshaja then beheld only a very small part of it above the earth 7#ajj74 ,thereupon forsaking it1 he roared into the heaven1 on the back of ,garuda2 and that creator of every thing and the protector of the worlds thereupon thus spoke to ,pradyumna 7#aja73--,with the help of my energy do thou1 ,o mighty-armed one1 repair to ,dwark and bring my chariot with ,druka without delay 7#ajb74 ,o bestower of honor1 thou shouldst inform ,valabhadra and the ruler of the ,kukuras1 that to-morrow after having defeated ,indra1 ,i will return to ,dwark 7#ajc74 ,thereupon saying ,so be it in reply to his father1 the virtuous and powerful ,pradyumna went to ,dwark1 and spoke to ,ugrasena and ,valabhadra the words of his father's 7#ajd74 ,thereafter1 ,o ,bhrata1 within a hour he came back to the scene of fight riding on ,krishna's car accompanied by ,druka 7#aje74 ,,chapter ,,ccxxi4 ,,the ,,fight ,,between ,,garuda ,,and ,,airavata ,vaishampyana said3--,then ,krishna1 mounted on his car1 went to the ,prijtra mountain where the mighty ,lord of the immortals was remaining on the back of the ,airvata 7#a74 ,then that foremost of mountains1 the ,prijatra1 that knew the powers of the high-souled son of ,valadeva1 on beholding ,janrddana approach1 entered into the earth1 becoming as small as a stone for grinding sandal4 ,o foremost of kings1 ,keshava was then highly pleased with the mountain 7#b-c74 ,o delighter of the ,kurus1 when ,krishna proceeded to renew the fight1 ,garuda1 with ,prijta on its back1 followed him from behind 7#d74 ,the highly powerful ,styaki and ,pradyumna1 those two subduers of their foes1 also went there on the back of ,garuda in order to protect the ,prijta tree 7#e74 ,by that time the sun went down the horizon and night set in4 ,but the battle between ,sakra and ,keshava commenced anew1 ,o king 7#f7 ,the highly powerful ,krishna1 then beholding the elephant ,airvata sorely afflicted with the wounds inflicted on him1 thus addressed the king of the celestials 7#g73-- ,o mighty-armed one1 the foremost of elephants ,airvata has been sorely wounded by ,garuda3 night also grows on apace 7#h74 ,let us refrain from fighting 7now74 ,do as thou wishest to-morrow morning again4 ,thereupon the mighty king of the celestials replied to him saying ,let it be so then 7#i74 ,o foremost of kings1 the king of the gods ,purandara of illustrious soul then1 erecting a temporary shade with stones1 stopped there near the ,puskara for the night 7#aj74 ,then ,brahm1 the mighty sage ,kasyapa1 ,aditi1 and other gods and sages came to him there 7#aa74 ,o ruler of men1 ,o descendant of the ,kuru dynasty1 the ,sdhyas1 ,viswadevas1 the ,aswini ,kumaras1 the ,adityas1 the ,rudras1 and the ,vasus also assembled there 7#ab74 ,on the other hand1 ,o ,bhrata1 ,nryana also remained on that delightful mountain ,prijtra accompanied by his son and ,styaki 7#ac74 ,the highly effulgent one then bestowed a boon on the mountain ,prijtra that1 out of regard for him1 ,o king1 had assumed the shape of a grinding stone 7#ad74 ,o mighty mountain1 thou shalt be called ,snapada2 and thou shalt be auspicious and holy like the ,himalaya ,mountain 7#ae74 ,o foremost of mountains1 be thou thus great2 and abounding in numerous kinds of gems1 do thou outvie the celebrated ,meru mountain4 ,i shall ever be glad to see thee full of different kinds of precious stones 7#af74 ,thus having bestowed the boon on that mountain1 ,keshava1 after due salutation to the ,god having the emblem of the bull1 remembered that foremost of rivers1 the ,ganges 7#ag74 ,o ,bhrata1 thus remembered by ,krishna1 the river ,vishnupadi 7having the feet of ,vishnu for its source7 came there1 and ,krishna1 having worshipped her1 performed his ablutions in her waters 7#ah74 ,then the ,eternal ,hari1 taking up the water of that sacred river ,gang and leaves of ,bilwa1 invited therewith the god ,rudra1 lord of all lords of all things 7#ai74 ,thereupon the ,god ,mahdeva1 accompanied by ,um and attended by their followers1 revealed himself there on the ,ganga's water and the ,bel leaves 7#bj74 ,keshava worshipped him with the flowers of the ,prijta tree and that eloquent speaker then began to eulogise that lord of lords1 the creator of all thus 7#ba73-- ,the auspicious ,krishna said3--,o ,god ,i thou confinest the beings 7of thy creations7 in ,my and destroyest it2 because thou manifestest thyself through sound that pervades the universe to beings as soon as they are born--for this reason thou art called ,rudra2 thou art self manifest1 ,o ,lord2 ,i entirely resign myself to thy benign protection4 ,do thou crown me1 devoted to thy devotees1 and beloved of thy beloved--with fame 7#bb74 ,as thou art the lord of all creatures both of those who are attached to the followers of life and those that have renounced them--thou art designated ,pasupati--7,lord of all creatures74 ,thou art the performer of all acts4 ,o god of gods6 ,there exists no master of the universe superior to thyself that slayeth foes of the celestial heroes 7#bc74 ,in as much as thou art1 ,o lord1 the beginning1 the giver of life and the cause of contentment of all the great divine masters1 therefore art thou called the ,god of gods1 by the learned and the pious who are conversant with the essential meaning of all the ,shastras 7#bd74 ,because ,o source of all intelligence1 ,o lord of all manifest creation1 the visible world is begotten of thee thou art the self-create1 the creator of all creators--the benign bestower of boons and designated ,bhava 7the source from which any thing is born7 7#be74 ,o ,god over all gods1 in as much as thou wert coronated by all the defeated gods and ,asuras and all other creatures1 therefore art thou denominated ,maheswara 7the highest divinity7 the maker of the universe 7#bf74 ,o bestower of boons1 ,o thou of immeasurable prowess1 thou art the object of adoration of everybody and therefore1 it is that gods1 desirous of their own welfare1 always worship thee1 and for this reason again thou art celebrated by the name ,bhagavn that is loved by the pious2 and it indicates thy presence in the soul of all creatures 7#bg74 ,o foremost of the lords of the ,paradise1 ,o ,infinite one6 ,o god1 in as much as thou art the cause of production and of the thirteen elements 7such as earth1 sky1 space1 sun1 fire and the wind1 c41 c47 therefore art thou principally called ,tryambaka of immeasurable fame 7#bh74 ,thou art designated ,sarva for thou subduest thy foes and ,aprameya for none can overpower thee4 ,thou art called all-pervading for thou rulest everything by such principles as ,raja1 c42 thou art designated ,sankara for thou art the source of pleasure2 thou art the ,lord of sound for the ,veda is thy word and ,arkgrateja for thy effulgence is more than that of the sun 7#bi74 ,o ,lord of all1 as thou dost ever crown them with bliss who are thy devotees and dost instruct even thy foes the ,asuras for their good1 it is for thy this universal blissful aspect that the pious1 conversant with the essence of virtue1 call thee the self-manifest ,sankara of infinite prowess 7#cj74 ,o ,ishvar of immense prowess6 ,in the days of yore the lord of the celestials struck thee on the throat with his thunder2 but although capable of retaliating it thou didst1 out of affection1 suffer thy throat to be rendered blue2 for this reason thou art celebrated by the name of the ,blue-throated 7#ca74 ,o ,somadeva1 thou art identical with all the male and female indications amongst the mobile and immobile creation1 therefore do the ,brhmanas1 conversant with the essence of things1 call thee the ever adorable ,amvic1 the protectress of the universe and also call thee the source of qualified existence 7as opposed to absolute one7 7#cb74 ,thou art that ,mahattatwu which the mysterious force known as ,my in the ,vedas produceth1 and that is endowed with conceptual and active energies4 ,thou art the ,yajna of those initiated into those ceremonies1 their prime energy1 and the great atman of the ,yogis2 therefore there has not been1 does not exist1 and will not be1 such a being as thyself 7#cc74 ,o ,god of gods1 ,myself1 ,brahm1 ,kapila1 ,antadeva1 and the illustrious sons of ,brahm have all been produced by thy parts2 and thou art the lord of all1 the essential cause of all and the only absolute ,one that deservest homage 7#cd74 ,thus eulogised the god ,mahdeva1 having the bull for his emblem1 extended his right arm and thus spoke to ,nryana 7#ce73--,o best of gods1 thou shalt obtain the things desired by thee2 thou shalt carry away the ,prijta tree2 and thy mind shall not feel the least pain 7of disappointment7 7#cf74 ,o powerful ,krishna1 do thou compose thyself remembering the austerities thou didst practise on the ,mainka mountain and the boon ,i bestowed on thee on that occasion 7#cg74 ',thou shalt be incapable of being slain'1 ',thou shalt be invincible1' and ',thou shalt be ever more indomitable than myself'--these and such words which ,i spoke to thee then-shall be so and not otherwise 7i4e4 they shall be true to the letter7 7#ch74 ,moreover1 ,o foremost and virtuous among the gods--he1 that will pray to me with this hymn of praise composed by thee1 shall attain the highest virtue and victory ever his foes in battle and homage of the highest kind 7#ci74 ,o sinless one1 ,o lord of the gods1 worshipped here by thyself1 ,i shall be called ,villodakesara and fulfill the desire of all that will approach me 7#dj74 ,o ,keshava1 ,o ,janrddana1 whatsoever learned and worshipful devotee will pass three nights here1 observing fast1 shall attain to such regions as he may desire 7#da74 ,here also shall the ,ganges 7sacred river7 be called ,avindhy2 and ablutions1 performed in its water after due recitation of ,mantras1 will be equally meritorious with those performed in the ,ganges itself 7#db74 ,o mighty ,janrddana1 on the summit of this mountain1 within the caves underneath the ground there is a stronghold of the ,dnavas called ,satpura4 ,hidden inside that fastness live mighty ,dnavas of wicked soul--who are so many thorns in the ways of the gods and in the universe 7#dc-dd74 ,o sinless one1 through the virtue of a boon bestowed on them by ,brahm1 they are1 ,o ,god1 incapable of being slain by the celestials2 therefore do thou1 ,o ,keshava1 slay them1 disguised as thou art now in a human semblance 7#dc74 ,having thus spoken and after embracing ,vsudeva1 ,o ruler of men1 the god ,mahdeva disappeared on the spot 7#df74 ,thus after ,mahadeva's departure1 and on the dawn of day1 ,o ruler of men1 ,govinda1 addressing the mountain 7,prijtra7 said3--,o foremost of mountains1 underneath you live mighty ,asuras1 incapable of being slain by the gods1 by virtue of a boon bestowed on them by ,brahm 7#dh74 ,although highly powerful they shall not be able to come out when ,i confine them 7within the ,earth underneath you72 and their avenues thus cut off they shall die in that place 7#di74 ,o mighty mountain1 ,i shall also be enshrined on you--and ,o mountain1 ,i shall live on your heights holding in check the dreadful ,asuras 7#ej74 ,o foremost of mountains1 who ever climbing upon your top shall behold my image there1 he shall attain to the merit of giving away a thousand cows 7#ea74 ,those1 that will every day devoutly worship me constructing an emblem of mine with your stones1 shall attain to my condition 7#eb74 ,thus the boon-giving ,vishnu favored that master and thenceforward that infallible ,god is enshrined there 7#ec74 ,and there1 ,o descendant of ,kurus1 persons of purified souls always worship him having constructed a image with the stone of that mountain1 with a view to attain to the ,vishnu ,loka 7#ed74 ,,chapter ,,ccxxii4 ,,indra ,,fights ,,with ,,krishna ,vaishampyana said3--,having saluted then the ,lord of ,vilwa and water1 ,krishna1 the high-minded slayer of ,madhu1 went away on his own car2 and seated thereon he invited the king of gods accompanied by the celestials near ,pushkara 7#a-b74 ,thereupon the effulgent ,sakra1 the granter of all desires unto the pious and ,jayanta got upon cars drawn by most excellent horses 7#c74 ,o descendant of ,kurus1 then under the influence of destiny there took place an encounter between those two celestials mounted on their cars on account of the ,prijta4 ,with straight-coursing arrows ,vishnu1 the represser of enemies' army1 struck the soldiers of the king of gods4 ,although capable however1 ,o lord1 ,indra did not strike ,upendra in battle nor the latter the former 7#d-f74 ,o king1 with ten sharpened arrows ,janrddana struck each of the horses of the king of gods3 ,vsava too1 the foremost of the celestials1 with dreadful shafts shot off the bow1 covered ,shaiyya and other horses 7#g-h74 ,with a thousand of arrows ,krishna covered the elephant 7of ,indra7 and the highly powerful slayer of ,bali covered ,garuda too 7#i74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 while in this way1 seated on their cars the high-souled ,nryana1 dreadful unto his enemies and the king of gods fought with each another1 the earth shook like a boat sunk in water and the quarters were fully enshrouded with lustre 7#aj-aa74 ,mountains shook1 hundreds of trees were uprooted and pious mortals fell down on earth 7#ab74 ,o king1 hundreds of hurricane blew there4 ,and while that battle raged on1 the course of the rivers was changed in an opposite direction1 the wind blew wild1 fire-brands1 shorn of lustre1 fell down and creatures repeatedly lost their consciousness at the rattle of the car-wheels4 ,what more1 ,o king1 fire was lighted even in the water and planets fought with planets in the sky 7#ac-ae74 ,and hundreds of stars fell down on earth from the sky4 ,elephants of the quarters and those ranging on earth began to quiver 7#af74 ,the welkin was covered with cranes emitting loud cries1 pouring down dreadful blood and ash-coloured like asses 7#ag74 ,o foremost of kings1 beholding those two heroic gods engaged in fighting with each other the earth1 heaven and sky as if disappeared from view 7#ah74 ,at that time for the behoof of the world the ascetics began to recite ,mantras and the ,brhmanas speedily engaged in carrying on meditations 7#ai74 ,thereupon the highly powerful ,brahm said to ,kashyapa3--,o you of firms vows1 go with your wife ,aditi and prevent your two sons 7#bj74 ,saying ,so be it to the lotus-sprung deity the ascetic speedily went out on his car to that foremost of men 7#ba74 ,beholding ,kashyapa with ,aditi in the battle-field those two heroic and highly powerful slayers of their enemies1 ever engaged in the welfare of all beings and well-read in the tenets of religions1 got down from their cars1 and leaving off their arms1 saluted the feet of their parents 7#bb-bc74 ,then holding them both by the hands ,aditi said3--,born of the same parents you are trying to slay each other as if you are not brothers4 ,let pass what has happened4 ,if you think that you should obey the words of your mother and those of your patriarchal father1 then lay down your arms and hear what ,i say4 ,saying ,so be it those two highly powerful celestials1 conversing with each other1 went to the bank of the river ,jnhavi 7#bd-bg74 ,sakra said3--,o ,krishna1 thou art the ,lord ,creator of the universe and ,i have been placed by thee in my kingdom4 ,having thyself established me here why dost thou disregard me8 ,o thou of lotus eyes1 having accepted me as thy elder brother why dost thou wish to destroy me8 7#bh-bi7 ,o king1 having bathed in the water of the river ,jnhavi they both returned to the high-souled ,kashyapa of firm vows and ,aditi 7#cj74 ,the ascetics designate that place as the union ground of dear ones where those two lotus-eyed brothers were united with their parents 7#ca74 ,o descendant of ,kurus1 after ,krishna had promised safety unto ,indra in the very presence of the pious celestials who were assembled there1 they all1 shining in their respective beautiful forms1 repaired to the celestial region on their own cars 7#cb-cc74 ,o king1 seated on one car ,kashyapa1 ,aditi1 ,indra and ,upendra set out for the celestial region 7#cd71 ,o descendant of ,kuru1 after those pious gods had come to ,sakra1 endued with all qualities and taken their seats1 ,sachi1 ever fond of virtue1 adored the high souled ,kashyapa along with his wife1 ever engaged in the well-being of all creatures 7#ce-cf74 ,thereupon after the night had elapsed ,aditi1 conversant with the principles of religion1 said to ,hari ever encompassing good unto creatures 7#cg74 ,o ,upendra6 take this ,prijta1 go to ,dwark and perform the auspicious festival so longed for by your wife4 ,but1 ,o foremost of men1 when that ceremony will be over1 you are to bring back this tree and place it as before in the garden of ,nandana 7#ch-ci74 ,hearing this ,krishna said to the illustrious mother of the gods ,so be it4 ,the high-souled ,nrada too gave consent to it 7#dj74 ,thereupon having saluted his mother1 father and ,mahendra with ,sachi ,janrddana expressed his desire of going to ,dwrak 7#da74 ,the pious daughter of ,puloma handed over to ,krishna many lovely ornaments for his wives 7#db74 ,for the sixteen thousand wives of ,mdhava the high-minded daughter of ,puloma gave diverse celestial jewels and raiments of various colours4 ,having accepted all those presents and been honored by the pious rangers of the sky the highly energetic and effulgent ,keshava set out with ,pradyumna and ,styaki for ,dwrak and arrived at the mount ,raivataka4 ,having planted there the foremost of trees ,prijta ,mdhava despatched ,styaki to ,dwrak consisting of doors 7#dc-df74 ,krishna said3--,o large-armed king of ,bhaimas1 communicate this news to the ,bhaimas that ,i brought here ,prijta from the abode of ,mahendra 7#dg74 ,even to-day ,i shall take to ,dwarak this best of trees ,prijta3 let the city be decorated with auspicious marks 7#dh74 ,o lord1 thus accosted ,satyaki departed4 ,and having communicated ,krishna's words to the ,bhaimas he joined the citizens and the princes headed by ,smva 7#di74 ,thereupon having placed ,prijta on ,garuda's back and taking him before1 ,pradyumna1 the foremost of car-warriors1 entered the charming city of ,dwaraka 7#ej74 ,hari1 seated on a car drawn by ,shaivya and other horses1 and ,styaki and ,pradyumna1 seated on another most excellent car1 followed him4 ,o king1 speaking highly of that deed of ,keshava1 other members of the ,vrishni family set out delightedly on various conveyances 7#ea-eb74 ,hearing from ,satyaki of the wonderful feat of ,keshava of incomparable energy the ,yadu citizens of ,anartta were filled with surprise4 ,now beholding that tree covered with heavenly flowers they could not attain to the consummation of delight though they repeatedly looked at it 7#ec-ed74 ,beholding that unthought-of1 most excellent and wonderful tree filled with playful birds1 even the decrepitude of the elderly women disappeared4 ,smelling the fragrance of that tree the blind were gifted with celestial vision and the diseased were shorn of their ailments 7#ee-ef74 ,hearing the notes of the birds from that tree resembling those of a koel the inhabitants of ,anartta were filled with delight and saluted ,janrddana 7#eg74 ,though living at a distance people of that city listened to various sweet songs and music proceeding from that tree 7#eh74 ,at that time every man was favoured with whatever fragrance he wished for proceeding from that ,prijta tree 7#ei74 ,having thus entered the charming city of ,dwrak1 ,keshava1 of ,yadu's race1 met with ,vasudeva1 ,devaki1 his brother ,bala1 the king of ,kukura1 and other ,ydavas1 worthy of respect like unto the immortals 7#fj-fa74 ,having honored them duly the eternal and divine ,madhusudana1 having ,gada as his elder brother1 dismissed them all and set out for his own residence4 ,and taking that best of trees ,prijta he entered into ,satyabhm's palace4 ,seeing it the divine ,satyabhm was highly pleased2 and having adored ,upendra she accepted that great tree ,prijta 7#fb-fd74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 according to ,vasudeva's desire that tree used to lessen its proportion4 ,it created great surprise in all4 ,o ,janamejaya1 it1 sometimes assuming a huge proportion1 used to cover the whole of ,dwarak1 and again it came within the reach of all being of the shape of a thumb4 ,having thus accomplished her object ,satyabhm began to collect all materials for the performance of the rite of ,punyaka4 ,krishna collected all that could be had in the insular continent of ,jamvu4 ,o descendant of ,kuru1 thereupon seated with ,satya the self-controlled ,keshava1 for taking the vow1 thought of the ascetic ,nrada 7#fe-fi74 ,,chapter ,,ccxxiii4 ,,satya ,,perform ,,the ,,rite4 ,vaishampyana said3--,o descendant of ,kuru1 as soon as he was thought of by ,krishna1 that foremost of ,munis and speakers1 ,nrada1 having asceticism for his wealth1 arrived there 7#a71 ,o king1 having worshipped him duly1 the beautiful lord of ,sree invited him reverentially to accept the ,punyaka ceremonies 7#b74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 thereupon when the appointed hour came1 the eternal ,vsudeva1 the creator of all creatures1 along with the beloved ,saty1 delightedly worshipped the great ,muni ,nrada1 who had been well bathed1 with scents and garlands and fed him 7#c-d74 ,thereupon the lucky damsel1 having a put garland of flowers1 around ,krishna's neck1 bound him to the ,prijta tree 7#e74 ,afterwards obtaining his permission she dedicated ,keshava unto ,nrada4 ,then she gave away sessamum seeds illumined with the lustre of jems and jewels1 gold mixed with rice and other plants1 mountains of gold and a thousand kine 7#f-g74 ,having accepted all those articles the ,muni ,narada1 the foremost of speakers1 delightedly said to ,keshava3--,o ,keshava1 given by ,satya together with water thou hast become mine4 ,do thou follow me and do what ,i say4 ,hearing it ,janrddana said ,this is the first stage and began to follow ,nrada who was about to go 7#h-aj74 ,having thus cut various jokes and saying do thou wait here1 ,i shall go that foremost of ,munis1 always clever in cutting jokes1 took away 7from ,krishna's neck7 the garland of flowers and said3 ,in order to release thyself do thou give me a ,kapil cow with a calf and the skin of a black antelope full of sessamum seeds and gold4 ,this means of release has been laid down by the god 7,siva7 having a bull for his emblem 7#aa--ac74 ,o king1 ,janrddana said ,so be it and offered him the same fee of release4 ,and then smilingly he said to that foremost of ,munis ,nrada3--,o ,nrada1 ,o you conversant with religion1 ,i have been greatly pleased with you4 ,pray for a desired-for boon and ,i will grant it 7#ad-ae74 ,narada said3--,o thou eternal and great ,vishnu1 may thou always remain pleased with me and may ,i1 with thy favour1 obtain habitation with thee 7#af74 ,o ,vishnu the refuge of the pious1 if ,i am to take birth again may ,i be born of no woman and be a ,brhmana 7#ag74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 the ,lord ,vishnu said ,so it will be and the highly intelligent ,muni ,nrada too was pleased 7#ah74 ,o ,kuru ,emperor1 ,satyabhm1 the beloved wife of ,hari1 had invited on the occasion of the ,punyaka ceremony1 the sixteen thousand wives of the highly powerful ,vishnu4 ,and at the termination of the ceremony she distributed amongst them all those celestial raiments and ornaments which ,sachi had previously given to ,vsudeva 7#ai-bj74 ,living there1 ,prijta1 at the command of ,vsudeva1 began to display its own accomplishments4 ,and invited by the high-souled ,nrada and ,keshava all their friends and relations began to witness the power of ,prijta 7#ba-bb74 ,on the occasion of that great festival the highly powerful ,hari had brought there the ,pandavas along with ,prith1 ,draupadi1 and ,subhadr4 ,o ,kuru king1 ,shrutasrav1 with her son1 ,bhishmaka with his son and other friends and relations were also brought there 7#bc-bd74 ,o king1 in this way1 the highly energetic ,janrddana1 along with ,pritha's son ,arjuna1 began to spend his time happily in the company of the ladies of his seraglio 7#be74 ,in this way after a year had elapsed the highly powerful ,keshava1 of incomparable prowess and intelligence1 the foremost of immortals and the preserver of all1 returned with ,prijta to the city of the celestials and saluted ,sakra1 ,aditi1 and ,kashyapa 7#bf-bg74 ,after the slayer of ,madhu had bowed unto the mother ,aditi she said3--,o foremost of immortals1 may you both always entertain such a brotherly feeling4 ,o ,janrddana1 you are to satisfy this desire of mine4 ,hearing it the intelligent ,keshava said to his mother4 ,it shall be so 7#bh-bi74 ,thereupon having honored his parents the highly energetic ,vsudeva addressed to the king of gods1 the following words suited to the occasion 7#cj74 ,o king of gods1 ,o giver of honor1 ,i have been commanded by the high-souled ,siva1 to destroy all the unslayable ,dnavas living on earth4 ,from to-day within ten days ,i will kill all those ,asuras4 ,o king of gods1 at the time of that battle1 ,pravara1 together with the heroic ,jayanta1 shall have to wait in the sky for slaying those ,dnavas4 ,of them one is a god in a human form and the other is the son of a god 7#ca-cc74 ,although those ,dnavas1 proud of the boon conferred on them by ,brahm1 are unslayable by the gods1 still we will kill them for ,i am now a man 7#cd74 ,then ,indra1 pleased1 said to ,krishna ,so it will be4 ,and then1 ,o ,janamejaya1 they embraced each other 7#ce74 ,,chapter ,,ccxxiv4 ,,the ,,history ,,of ,,the ,,punyaka ,,rite4 ,janamejaya said3--,o foremost of the twice-born1 by the grace of ,dwaipyana you are informed of all things4 ,relate to me1 therefore1 the origin of the religious rite of ,punyaka 7#a74 ,vaishampyana said3--,o foremost of the pious kings1 hear1 how1 according to the ordinances of ,um1 the rite of ,punyaka was introduced before amongst mankind 7#b7 ,o sinless king1 after the tree ,prijta had been carried away from the celestial region by ,krishna of unwearied actions1 the battle between the gods and demons had commenced and the dreadful slaughter of the ,dnavas1 of ,shatpur1 had been brought about the intelligent ,muni ,nrada went to the city of ,dwravati 7#c-d74 ,o king1 after the goddess-like ,jmvavati1 the honorable ,satyabhna1 the ascetic daughter of the king of ,gndhra and numberless other virtuous1 chaste and accomplished wives of ,keshava had assembled there1 ,rukshmini1 the daughter of ,bhishma1 asked the foremost of ,brhmanas ,nrada1 well read in theology1 who was there with ,krishna4 ,rukshmini said3--,o ,muni1 ,o foremost of speakers and virtuous men1 we are greatly stricken with curiosity to listen to an account of the origin of pious rites1 the rules regulating their performance1 fruits1 time and gifts connected with them4 ,kindly remove it by describing them in detail 7#e-i74 ,narada said3--,o sinless lady ,vaidharbi1 cognizant of religious rites1 hear how ,um described the regulations of the ,punyaka rite in the days of yore 7#aj74 ,o goddess1 on one occasion1 the goddess ,um1 of pure vows1 performed the religious rite of ,punyaka2 and at the termination of the ceremony she invited all her friends4 ,aditi and other daughters of ,daksha of indomitable energy1 ,pulom's daughter ,sachi1 renowned in the world for her devotion to her husband1 the great ,sati1 ,soma's beloved spouse ,rohini1 ,purvaphalguni1 ,revati1 ,shatabhis and ,magh had all come there before and had been worshipping the great goddess ,um 7#aa-ad74 ,the worshipful presiding goddesses of the charming rivers ,gang1 ,saraswati1 ,vena1 ,god1 ,vaitarani1 ,gandaki and others1 the auspicious and chaste lady ,lopamudr and others who1 all1 by virtue of their own prowess1 have been upholding the universe1 the auspicious daughters of the mountains1 the daughters of the fire1 of firm vows1 ,shh1 the wife of the ,regent of fire1 the illustrious goddess ,svitri1 ,hriddhi1 the beloved wife of ,kuvera1 the queen of the lord of waters1 the wife of the ,regent of departed manes1 the wives of ,vasus1 the ascetic and vow-observing ,hri1 ,shree1 ,dhriti1 ,kirti1 ,ash1 ,medh1 ,priti1 ,mati1 ,khyti1 ,sannati and other chaste ladies1 ever engaged in the well-being of creatures1 7were all present there7 ,o highly youthful lady4 ,at the termination of the ceremony ,amvik1 with mountains of various corns and jewels1 cloths of various colours and most excellent ornaments1 honored them all 7#ae-ba74 ,having accepted the offerings of the goddess those chaste ascetic ladies took their seats and engaged in conversation on different topics 7#bb74 ,o thou having thy husband as thy god1 when the subject of the ,punyaka rite was cropped up in the course of their conversation the goddess spoke many things about it and of the regulations regarding its performance 7#bc74 ,thereupon with the consent of that assembly of chaste ladies ,arundhati1 the daughter of ,soma1 addressed the goddess ,um about the most important regulation regarding the ,punyaka rite 7#bd74 ,o ,vaidarbhi1 to please them all1 the goddess ,um1 compassing the well-being of all creatures1 gave them an account of religious rites in my presence 7#be74 ,o fair one1 at that time ,um made over the mountain of jewels to me2 and ,i too1 having accepted that present1 dedicated it to the service of the ,brhmanas 7#bf74 ,o auspicious lady1 listen1 with all these 7ladies71 to what ,i saw about the ,punyaka rites and what ,um said to the chaste ,arundhati4 ,i shall relate it in full from the very beginning 7#bg-bh74 ,,chapter ,,ccxxv4 ,,punyaka ,,described ,,by ,,uma4 ,uma said3--,o you of pure smiles1 when by the grace of my lord ,i became omniscient ,i came to know of the sacred regulations of all the religious rites 7#a74 ,o ,arundhati1 although the regulation of sacred rites exists eternally ,i however came to know of it through the favour of ,mahdeva 7#b74 ,o you blameless lady1 by the command of my husband1 the divine and intelligent ,bhava1 ,i performed the religions rites 7#c74 ,in the ,puranas the religious rites have been sanctioned for them who desire to practise chastity and holy rites4 ,o pious ,arundhati1 gifts1 fastings and performance of good and religious works are fruitless for unchaste women 7#d-e74 ,religious rites are contaminated by the sin of sexual intercourse4 ,thereupon those1 who deceive their husbands or hold a sinful intercourse1 do not attain to the fruits of sacred rites2 on the other hand they go to hell 7#f74 ,those good-natured and chaste damsels1 having husband for their ,god1 are upholding the universe1 who do not know any other man but their lord1 who cherish whole-minded devotion for virtue and who follow the way of a chaste woman as their only refuge 7#g74 ,those1 who do not commit sin even by speech1 who are pure1 intelligent1 sweet-speeched and always perform pious rites1 are preserving the world 7#h74 ,a wife1 under no circumstances1 should relinquish her husband even if he be poor1 diseased or outcasted4 ,such is the eternal virtue 7#i74 ,a wife can save herself and her husband even if he be devoid of accomplishments1 if he perpetrates wrong deeds and be outcasted 7#aj74 ,in the ,vedas the sages have laid down purificatory rites for women who commit sin by words4 ,but there is no penance 7laid down7 for them who commit sin by sexual intercourse2 consider them as fallen for ever 7#aa74 ,o blessed lady1 the woman1 who wishes to wend the ways of the pious1 should perform rites and fasts according to the desire of her husband 7#ab74 ,by a promiscuous intercourse a woman is born in a degraded birth4 ,and she does not attain to a better life even within a thousand births 7#ac74 ,if accidently an unchaste woman is born as a woman she is born as a ,chandla1 becomes highly wicked and lives on a dog's flesh 7#ad74 ,o you having asceticism for your wealth1 the sages have designated the husband as the ,god of women4 ,she is a pious and chaste woman with whom her husband is pleased 7#ae74 ,there is no sacred region for those women whose fall has been brought about by curiosity4 ,o gentle lady1 those women1 whose minds are devoted to and fixed on their husbands1 and who do not disregard them even by their words1 actions and mind1 attain to the fruits of religious rites4 ,such has been laid down by those who are engaged in religious ceremonies 7#af-ag74 ,o beautiful lady1 listen you all to the regulations of religious rites intended for the celestial region which ,i have witnessed by virtue of my asceticism 7#ah74 ,o you of firm vows1 having risen up early in the morning and bathed1 a chaste woman1 desirous of performing a penance or fasting1 should salute the feet of her father-in-law and mother-in-law and then communicate it to her husband4 ,then taking ,kusa grass and a copper vessel she should first sprinkle the right horn of a cow with water4 ,and then with this water she should sprinkle first the head of her husband who had controlled himself and performed ablutions4 ,she should then pour it on her own head4 ,in the code of ordinances this practice is called bathing at all the holy shrines 7#ai-bb74 ,o great ,arundhati1 while performing a ,vrata or a fast both the husband and wife should bathe in this way 7#bc74 ,by ,hara's energy and by virtue of my asceticism ,i have seen it myself4 ,while performing a religious ceremony one should herself wash her feet2 and using an arrow1 sleeping and sitting are forbidden4 ,while fasting or performing a ,vrata1 a woman should not shed tears1 quarrel or be angry or else she would be immediately fallen 7#bd-be74 ,o you born of the ,moon1 on the occasion of a ,vrata or a fast1 a woman should use a white cloth and a white under-vest4 ,she should use shoes made of reeds and such-like grasses4 ,she should avoid collyrium1 perfumeries and flowers4 ,without rubbing her teeth with a piece of wood and washing her head she should perform all the purificatory rites with earth4 ,with ,vilwa and ,amlaki mixed with water and free from earth she should wash her head4 ,she should rub oil on her head1 feet and body4 ,while fasting or performing a ,vrata one should always avoid conveyances drawn by bullocks1 camels and asses and should not bathe naked4 ,o auspicious daughter of ,soma1 it is better to bathe in the water of a river or fountain1 not to speak of bathing in the tanks and wells full of water-born plants1 which is always regarded greatly4 ,it is not con venient for women1 who do not come out publicly1 consequently they are allowed to bathe with water from a vessel4 ,in such a procedure the ancient custom is to use new vessels4 ,one1 washing her head in this way1 attains to the fruits of ,tapas 7#bf-ce74 ,,chapter ,,ccxxvi4 ,,the ,,same ,,subject ,,continued4 ,uma said3--,thus according to all the prescribed rules a self-controlled and chaste woman should observe the vow either for one year1 six months or one month2 and afterwards1 she must reverentially invite eleven chaste women4 ,o auspicious lady1 ,i have myself observed this sacred rule 7#a-b74 ,having taken those chaste ladies from their husbands after paying them the proper return the principal lady should dedicate them along with water to the preceptor4 ,and having taken them back from the preceptor1 paying him his fees according to the practices of the country and time she should return them to their husbands 7#c74 ,thereupon at the end of the month in the light fort-night after offering adoration she should bring about the termination of the rite 7#d74 ,in order to accomplish her ,vrata1 a woman1 bent upon performing it1 should day and night fast just at the beginning and at the termination 7#e74 ,thus when ,vrata terminates she should make her husband trim his nails and crop his hairs4 ,and she should also do it herself4 ,such is laid down in the ,sruti 7#f74 ,thereafter1 ,o auspicious lady1 she should bathe and adorn herself with ornaments and garlands as on the occasion of a wedding 7#g74 ,thereupon saluting her husband's feet either with mind or with words1 she1 after reciting the following ,mantra1 should bathe with water in the pot 7#h74 ,water is the procreator of the ,rishis and the preserver of the universe4 ,it is born in the celestial region and is called ,madanti 7in a sacrifice74 ,it is the origin of piety and therefore delightful4 ,it is pure and purifying4 ,let it therefore1 with juice productive of highest good1 cover me with blessings 7#i74 ,this hymn1 7offered7 to water is heard everywhere4 ,o you of perfectly beautiful limbs1 listen now to ,mantras sanctioned by the ,puranas for women which run as follows 7#aj74 ',may ,i do good unto my husband1 may ,i not waste money1 may ,i be accomplished1 and perform religious rites with my husband and serve him as a slave for a boon4 ,may ,i not disregard my husband with deeds1 mind1 or words4 ,and even when enraged may ,i follow him 7#aa74 ,may ,i reign supreme over the other wives of my husband1 be gifted with a charming beauty1 be fortunate1 a mother of sons1 liberal in distributing food1 speak of others' accomplishments and be free from poverty by every means 7#ab74 ,may my husband be of a beautiful face2 may he depend on me1 be devoted to me1 have his mind fixed on me and follow me4 ,may our attachment be like that of a pair of ,chakravka birds2 may not disaffection grow between us and may we be crowned with auspiciousness 7#ac74 ,may ,i go to the region of those most excellently chaste women1 who1 having attained to highest culture through devotion to their husbands1 have purified the families of their father and husband and who have been upholding the whole universe 7#ad74 ,may the earth1 air1 water1 ether1 fire1 sky1 the soul1 nature1 the principles of greatness and egoism and the sages1 who are my witness1 remember my penances and reverential faith 7#ae74 ,may the elemental creation1 existing everywhere1 who are engaged in the works of creatures1 who are born of men and otherwise and are pervaded by the qualities of ,satwa1 etc41 and who have worked out the bodies of creatures1 witness my ,vrata and reverential faith 7#af74 ,may the sun and moon1 the witness of pious works1 ,yama1 the ten quarters and my mind always bear testimony to my penances and resolution 7#ag7'4 ,from the very beginning of a ,vrata all the articles should be inspired every day with the mantra1 for such is laid down in the ,puranas 7#ah74 ,o auspicious ,arundhati1 after bathing thus she should present to her husband two pieces of raiment made by her own hand4 ,if by an impediment those two pieces of cloth are not made by her own hand1 she should present another fresh white cloth together with thread spun by her own hands 7#ai-bj71 ,o youthful lady1 afterwards she should feed1 as mush as lies in her power1 along with her husband1 another ,brhmana endued with discriminative knowledge1 self-controlled and pure 7#ba74 ,she should also give to the ,brhmana two pieces of cloth1 beds1 conveyances1 corns and a house consisting of servants1 male and female 7#bb74 ,she should also1 according to her power1 give ornaments and diverse sorts of corn especially a mountain of jems mixed with sessamum seeds 7#bc74 ,she should also give elephants1 horses1 and kine1 covered with sheets of diverse colours 7#bd74 ,she should also give salt1 butter1 treacle1 honey1 gold1 various perfumeries1 juice1 flowers1 silver1 copper vessels1 all sorts of fruits1 raiments1 wood1 stone1 curd1 milk1 clarified butter1 ,durva and other articles1 which she wishes4 ,with them she should present beautiful idols of ,um and ,maheshwara and their likenesses in painting4 ,o chaste lady1 all the gifts should be given away according to the husband's desire and in agreement with his means1 country and time1 either small or great 7#be-bi74 ,if the husband permits her she should also give away vessels full of sessamum seeds and ,kapil kine with bell-metalled vessels 7#cj74 ,o blameless and lucky damsel1 if one gives away the skin of a black antelope together with sessamum and raiments1 a mirror1 and deer-skin1 she attains to all desired-for objects 7#ca71 ,o you of a fair face1 if a woman thus performs a ,vrata 7rite7 she becomes the foremost of her sex1 lucky1 a mother of sons1 beautiful1 liberal1 rich and of lotus-eyes4 ,she also gets a daughter1 beautiful and accomplished after her own heart4 ,those1 who make presents in this way1 become the foremost of all lucky women1 mother of sons1 rich and endued with accomplishments 7#cb-cd71 ,o ,arundhati1 because ,i was the first person to perform this ,vrata1 it passes1 in the world1 by the name of ,um-,vrata 7#ce71 ,o blameless lady1 this is the best of ,vratas that women can perform4 ,and if they make presents according to the ordinances of this ,vrata they acquire all desired-for objects 7#cf74 ,o gentle lady1 propitiated at the performance of this ,vrata the god of gods1 ,siva1 the rider of the bull1 selected me as his queenly consort 7#cg74 ,at the termination of the ,vrata1 women should distribute edibles and other articles procurable in the country and at the time 7#cg74 ,o fair lady1 the articles of the ,vrata should be distributed amongst the ,brhmanas4 ,and as desired by them1 food should be offered accompanied with presents 7#bi74 ,pyasa should be given in this ,vrata3 it gives a separate fruit4 ,however animals should not be sacrificed any how4 ,such is laid down in the ,puranas 7#dj74 ,o auspicious daughter of ,soma1 the second ,vrata1 that ,i am now1 describing to you1 ,i had also known of by the favour of ,mhadeva 7#da74 ,the learned hold that a son is the only fruit that women should desire for4 ,those1 who wish to have sons should give away small vessels 7#db74 ,in the two auspicious months of ,jaistha and ,ashda1 or either in the former or in the latter one should observe the ordinances mentioned before 7#dc74 ,o fair lady1 when the appointed two months or one month will be over one should give away a small vessel filled with ,sirbat 7#dd74 ,o you having the effulgence of the moon1 she should also1 in the same way1 distribute clarified butter1 curd1 milk1 honey and jars full of water 7#de74 ,she should give away small vessels proportionate to the number of sons she desires for to a ,brhmana self-controlled1 of firm vows and of ripened knowledge 7#df74 ,if any woman wishes to have a daughter she will undoubtedly have her if she1 out of her own will1 presents any article to a ,brhmana 7#dg74 ,o you of pure smiles1 sheets and kine or gold are the most becoming presents in it4 ,in this ,vrata1 according to the regulations regarding the gift of small vessels for sons1 a wise and pure woman should give away sacrificial threads 7#dh-di74 ,a woman1 observing the rules of ,vrata1 should make presents to the ,brhmanas for one full year1 under the auspicies of the stars 7favourable either to the son or to the daughter7 7#ej74 ,o truthful ,arundhati1 when one year is complete1 she should1 with the permission of her husband1 make presents of small vessels 7#ea74 ,having completed the ,vrata1 in the full moon of the month of ,krtika 7,october7 she should1 of her own will1 present to a ,brhmana1 sacrificial thread and golden thread 7#eb74 ,if a chaste lady1 according to her might1 gives to a ,brhmana sacrificial thread1 small vessels and ,dakshin 7money presents7 she attains to all desired-for objects 7#ec74 ,so long a woman observes this vow she should not take new rice1 fruits or enjoy flowers 7#ed74 ,o you conversant with religious tenets1 taking one meal a day1 a woman should perform the ,punyaka rite2 and she should give meals to the ,brhmanas and her husband in the same way4 ,if a woman observes a vow in the way for one full year she becomes1 lucky1 beautiful1 mistress of riches and does never become a widow 7#ee-ef74 ,o ,arundhati1 a woman1 who does not take ,vrtku for one full year1 never witnesses the destruction of her son2 know this for certain4 ,if a woman does not take the meat of a hare or deer she becomes chaste and long-lived4 ,the woman1 who seeks the well-being of her husband1 should avoid bottle-gourds1 potherbs and turmeric4 ,the woman1 who after the completion of one year1 gives vegetables from the beginning accompanied with money-gifts1 will be the foremost of those having sons 7#eg-fj74 ,the woman1 who from the very beginning washes herself her feet1 attains to fame and never suffers anxiety 7#fa74 ,the chaste woman1 who avoids taking her food in the night and who takes it only in the day for one full year1 becomes lucky and her sons never die4 ,and undoubtedly she rules over the other wives of her husband 7#fb-fc74 ,in this way when one year will be complete she should present to an illustrious ,brhmana after her own heart1 a most excellent sun of gold4 ,the pious woman1 who will thus observe a ,vrata1 should dedicate to the sun1 not declining1 flowers1 fruits and other edibles 7#fd-fe74 ,o fair lady1 in this way1 the chaste woman1 who will take her meals after the sunset for full one year1 should give to a selected ,brhmana edibles purified by the moon and stars1 and the moon1 stars and planets made of gold and raiments covered with salt 7#fe-fg74 ,o you having the colour of an immortal1 by so doing a woman becomes lucky1 beautiful and worthy of being looked at by all4 ,and her body will be cool like the moon4 ,the woman1 who in the light half of the month of ,kartika1 offers to the gods untouched water for washing feet with ,kus1 and balls of barley with curd1 acquires all desired-for objects4 ,the chaste woman1 who does not take her food without seeing the sun either on a clear or a cloudy day1 has all her objects accomplished4 ,the liberal-minded woman1 who according to her might gives gold to a ,brhmana1 becomes lucky1 beautiful and worthy of of being looked at by all 7#fh-gb74 ,the purport of the sloka is that some stars as ,pushya etc41 are favourable for having a son and ,rohini and others for a daughter4 ,the woman1 who wishes to have a son1 must give away presents under the auspices of the former2 and she1 who wishes to have a daughter1 must do so under the auspices of the latter4 ,we have rendered the sloka freely to make the sense clear4 ,,chapter ,,ccxxvii4 ,,the ,,same ,,subject ,,continued4 ,the goddess continued3--,o ,arundhati1 hear with these ladies1 ,i shall describe the pious rites1 by which the body becomes worthy of attaining to most excellent bliss 7#a74 ,if a chaste woman fasts on the eighth day of the dark-half of the month1 or living on roots and fruits if she gives a meal to a ,brhmana1 and if she1 clad in a white raiment1 and observant of pure conduct1 adores her preceptor and gods for one year and gives away to the twice-born1 according to her might1 chowries of the hairs of cows1 flags and sweet meats1 her hairs become curling and waving and extend up to the waist and she becomes the most favorite of her husband4 ,the chaste woman1 who wishes to make her head worthy of the most excellent bliss1 should wash it with milk mixed with bel fruit and myrobalan and should drink the urine of a cow and mix the latter with water for washing her head4 ,o fair lady1 if one observes these practises on the fourteenth day of the dark-half of a month1 she does not become a widow and becomes lucky and freed from diseases4 ,she never suffers from head-diseases 7#b-h74 ,o you of pure smiles1 the woman1 who desires to have a beautiful forehead1 must spend the first days of the fort-nights1 taking her meals once a day4 ,and as long as the year does not run out she should only subsist on milk and food mixed with it4 ,thereupon1 bestowing on a ,brhmana a golden seat she attains to a most beautiful fore-head 7#i-aj74 ,the youthful woman1 who seeks beautiful eye-brows1 beginning with the second day of a fortnight1 must take her meals every alternate day and live upon vegetables4 ,o gentle lady1 after the completion of full one year she should give to a ,brhmana ripe fruits1 salt and vessels of clarified butter with ,dakshina of gold of the weight of a msha and then make him recite benedictory hymns 7#aa-ac74 ,the youthful lady1 who desires to have a pair of beautiful ears1 should1 under the influence of ,srvana1 feed on barley4 ,and after the completion of one year she should throw into clarified butter a pair of golden ears and then offer them to a ,brhmana with milk 7#ad-ae74 ,the damsel1 who desires for a beautiful nose extending straight to the end of fore-head1 should fast every alternate day till the season of the growing of flowers and offer water with sessamum4 ,and when the flowers will grow she should cull some and throw them into clarified butter and then give them away 7#af-ag74 ,o you of pure smiles1 ,o you born from ambrosia1 the learned and chaste lady1 who wishes to have beautiful eyes1 should fast every alternate day and live upon milk and curd4 ,thereupon when one year will be complete1 she should throw leaves of lotus and lily upon milk and give them away to a ,brhmana when they will remain afloat4 ,o chaste lady1 by this gift she will forsooth have eyes like those of a black antelope 7#ah-bj74 ,the pious and chaste lady1 who desires to have a pair of charming lips1 should1 for one year1 live upon unsolicited food on the ninth day of a fortnight and drink water from an earthen pot4 ,after the completion of the year she should give away sapphires4 ,if a woman observes this rule she becomes lucky1 mother of sons1 rich and a mistress of kine and her lips become shining like ,nimva fruits 7#bj-bc74 ,the fair lady1 who wishes to have beautiful teeth1 should not take her meals twice on the eight day of a light-half month4 ,o accomplished and pious lady1 a chaste woman1 completing one year in this way1 should throw silver teeth into milk and give them away4 ,o sinless one1 observing this rite1 a chaste lady will acquire teeth like ,tila flowers1 good fortune and sons 7#bd-bf74 ,o you of a beautiful countenance1 the lady1 who wishes to have a charming countenance1 should bathe when the moon rises in a full-moon night and give to a ,brhmana barley boiled with milk4 ,thereupon after the completion of one year1 placing a moon made of pure silver on a full blown lotus1 she should request a ,brhmana to recite benedictory hymns4 ,by such a gift a woman acquires a countenance beautiful like the full-moon 7#bg-bi74 ,the woman1 who desires to have breast rising like ,tla fruits1 should control her speech and feed upon unsolicited food on the tenth day of a fortnight4 ,after the completion of a year she should give away two ,vilwa fruits made of gold to a self-controlled ,brahmanana with ,dakshin4 ,by this a woman gets rising breast1 great fortune and many sons 7#cj-cb74 ,the woman1 who wishes to have a thin-built belly1 should live on one meal for one year and should not take her food with water on the fifth day of a fortnight4 ,after the completion of one year she should1 with many gifts1 give a beautiful ,jali creeper to a self-controlled ,brhmana 7#cb-cd74 ,o youthful lady1 she1 who wishes to have beautiful arms1 should live on all sorts of herbs on the twelfth day of every fort-night4 ,and after the completion of one year she should give to a selected ,brhmana one golden lotus and two born in water 7#ce-cf74 ,o you of firm vows1 she1 who wishes to have a spacious waist1 should spend the thirteenth day of every fortnight by taking food once unsolicited4 ,o you of a beautiful face1 when a year will be complete in this way she should make a model of ,brahma's face with salt and give it away4 ,afterwards the lady1 conversant with religious rites1 should give away a figure of his made of gold and free from collyrium and other powders1 unbroken jems and crimson coloured raiments4 ,o gentle lady1 by doing this1 one gets a waist after her heart 7#cg-dj74 ,the chaste lady1 who wishes to have sweet words1 should avoid the use of salt for one year1 at least for one month and should give it to a ,brhmana accompanied with money gifts4 ,by this the beautiful lady will have words sweeter than those of ,sruti even 7#da-db74 ,o daughter of ,soma1 she1 who wishes to have legs well-built1 should take watery food on every sixth day of a fortnight4 ,o you engaged in ,tapas1 she should not touch fire or a ,brhman a with her foot2 if she does it any time she must adore them4 ,while observing this rite a chaste lady1 well-versed in religious ceremonies1 should not wash her foot with another4 ,o sinless one1 ,o chaste lady1 after the termination of the ,vrata1 she should place two golden tortoises into clarified butter and give it to a ,brhmana4 ,o beautiful lady1 afterwards1 keeping two lotuses in a reverse position and mixing them with red articles she should give them away to a ,brhmana 7#dc-dg74 ,o pure lady1 the chaste lady1 who desires to have all beautiful limbs1 should observe this ,vrata for three nights in the flowery season4 ,in the full moon day of either the month of ,ashara1 ,aswina1 ,kartika or ,mgha she should adore her father and mother as the presiding deity of the day4 ,o honourable lady1 the woman1 considering her husband as her ,god1 should daily give clarified butter and salt to a ,brhmana during that period4 ,she should clean the house and rub it with clay4 ,o pure and illustrious lady1 the damsel1 looking upon her husband as her ,god1 should not1 during that period1 commit sin 7even7 by her words1 eat any sort of herb and offer any sort of unclean food 7#dh-eb74 ,,chapter ,,ccxxviii4 ,,narada ,,gives ,a ,,history ,,of ,,vratas ,,performed ,,by ,,other ,,ladies4 ,uma said3--,the chaste woman1 who wishes that her friends and relatives may be accomplished1 should fast on every seventh day of a fort-night for one year4 ,after the completion of the year1 she should give to a ,brhmana a golden tree accompanied with money gifts4 ,she will then have pious kinsmen 7#a-b74 ,o pious and foremost of ladies1 she1 who duly places a lamp before a ,karanja tree for one year and a golden one on the day in which the year is complete1 becomes the mother of sons1 a favourite of her husband by virtue of her beauty and shines over the other wives of her lord like a lamp 7#c-d74 ,o auspicious lady1 the chaste woman who does not cut others to the quick with her harsh words1 does not take her food on ,wednesday and does not use a harsh word1 who always takes food last of all1 who is pure in her habits1 who serves her father-in-law and mother-in-law1 who regards her husband as her god and who is truthful1 does not stand in need of the performance of a ,vrata or fasting 7#e-g74 ,o youthful and chaste lady1 if any chaste woman accidently suffers widow-hood she should observe some rites laid down in the ,puranas4 ,hear1 ,i shall describe them4 ,remembering the virtuous conduct of the pious1 a widow should place an earthen image of her husband or a painting of his likeness and should worship it 7#i74 ,while performing a ,vrata or fasting and especially at the time of taking meals a chaste lady should take the permission of that image4 ,the widow1 who does not disobey her husband1 goes to his region like ,shndili and shines there like the sun 7#aj-aa74 ,from to-day the celestial damsels will learn the eternal religious rites that have been laid down in the ,puranas 7#ab74 ,the pious-souled ,muni ,narada will learn the entire code of regulations relating to fast and ,vrata as described in the ,puranas 7#ac74 ,o most excellent daughter of ,soma1 in the matter of extending religious rites according to the rules of fast and ,vrata as mentioned before the virtuous ,aditi1 ,indrani and yourself will be most celebrated in the band of chaste women4 ,in all the incarnations of the high-souled ,vishnu his wives will always be informed of the rules of the eternal ,punyaka rite4 ,o chaste lady1 what more shall ,i speak2 of all the virtues and especially amongst the duties of women1 devotion to husband1 absence of wickedness and that of sin even by words are the foremost 7#ad-ag74 ,narada said3--,thus addressed by the great goddess1 beloved of ,hara1 the ascetic ladies1 having ,tapas for their wealth1 saluted her and went away 7#ah74 ,according to the regulations mentioned before1 ,aditi1 ever observant of religious rites1 performed the ,um ,vrata4 ,the ,vrata1 in which she having bound ,kashyapa to the ,prijta tree1 gave him to me1 is celebrated by the name of ,aditi-,vrata4 ,and according to the rules of that ,vrata ,satyabhm has presented her gifts 7#ai-bj74 ,svitri too1 ever stationed in virtue1 observed that4 ,vrata4 ,at present ,satyabhm has properly performed this ,vrata4 ,it has excelled all others 7#ba74 ,if this ,vrata is performed in the evening or at a proper place1 worship1 recitation of names and prostration bear double the fruit4 ,celebrating ,savitri ,vrata and ,aditi-,vrata1 a chaste lady can save the family of her husband1 that of her father and her own self too 7#bb-bc74 ,having performed a rite according to the rules of ,uma-,vrata ,indra's queen distributed numberless crimson-coloured raiments and food with fish and meat 7#bd74 ,there is another rule laid down for this ,vrata which should be observed on the fourth day4 ,according to it one should fast day and night1 and give away a hundred jars4 ,o illustrious lady1 having performed that ,uma-,vrata the goddess ,gang bathed early in the morning in her own water4 ,o beloved queen of ,hari1 while performing this ,gang-,vrata in the light-half of the month of ,mgha1 if one bathes in any other water1 it is said to give all desired-for objects 7#be-bg74 ,o beloved wife of ,hari1 having performed the ,ganga-,vrata a woman1 cognizant of all religious rites1 can save seven generations of both the sides 7#bh74 ,o auspicious lady1 while performing this ,ganga-,vrata that dissipates sorrows and grants all objects of desire one should give away a thousand jars 7#bi74 ,o beloved queen of ,hari1 in a country where the dewy season prevails1 one can perform the ,vrata that ,yama's wife celebrated and which passes by the name of ,yama-,vratha 7#cj74 ,o auspicious lady1 having bowed unto her husband after bathing1 a woman1 of pure conduct1 while performing this ,vrata1 should address the following words to the sky3--,as ,i am1 while performing the ,vrat ,jmaratha1 holding the dew on my back1 ,i may become foremost of those women whose sons survive and of those who are devoted to their husbands4 ,may ,i rule over the other wives of my husband1 may ,i not see ,yama and may live happily for ever with my husband and sons4 ,may ,i1 by virtue of this ,vrata1 repair to the same region with my husband1 become rich1 have good raiments1 become open-handed1 fond of my own people and accomplished 7#ca-cd74 ,hiving done so she should offer honey to a ,brhmana and make him recite benedictory verses and then feed him with sessamum and pudding 7#ce74 ,o beloved wife of ,hari possessing the hue of an immortal1 thus the goddesses observed the diverse ,vratas described by the great goddess1 the wife of ,rudra 7#cf74 ,i tell you the truth2 by virtue of my ascetic powers you will reap the fruits of auspicious and holy rites1 described in the ,puranas1 which the goddess ,um obtained before 7#cg-ch74 ,vaishampyana said3--,thereupon by virtue of the boon conferred by ,um ,rukshmini observed1 by her celestial vision1 all the rules of ,vrata and performed it 7#ci74 ,she gave away bulls1 jems and food because they yeild greater fruits and grant all desired-for objects in all the forms of ,um-,vrata 7#dj74 ,o ,janamejaya1 having celebrated this ,vrata formerly ,jmavati too made a present of a beautiful jewelled tree4 ,having performed this ,umvrata ,saty distributed a number of yellow raiments4 ,o descendant of ,kuru1 having performed this holy rite ,shatabhisha acquired the most exalted position amongst the stars 7#da-dd74 ,,chapter ,,ccxxix4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,the ,,city ,,of ,,asuras4 ,janamejaya said3--,o disciple of ,vysa1 ,o you conversant with the tenets of religion1 ,o you having asceticism for your wealth1 ,o ,vaishampayana1 while giving an account of the carrying away of the ,prijta tree1 you have mentioned ,shatpura1 the abode of the dreadful ,asuras4 ,o foremost of ascetics and ,munis1 do you describe at present the destruction of those ,asuras and ,andhakas 7#a-e74 ,vaishampyana said3--,even after the heroic ,tripura had been slain by the energetic ,rudra there remained many leading ,asuras4 ,there not less than sixty hundred thousands of ,asuras1 the followers of ,tripura1 were scorched by the fire of ,rudra's arrows4 ,o foremost of kings1 stricken with grief consequent upon the destruction of their kith and kin those heroes1 with their face towards the sun and living upon air1 carried on penances for a hundred of thousands years and adored ,brahm in the insular continent1 ,jamvu1 a favourite resort of the pious and great saints 7#e-f74 ,taking shelter under a fig tree some of them carried on hard austerities2 some1 under the ,kapitha tree and some living in the dens of jackals engaged in hard austerities 7#g-h74 ,o descendant of ,kuru1 some of those ,asuras1 resorting to the root of a fig tree1 learnt spiritual science1 and carried on ,tapas 7#i74 ,o king1 pleased with those penances of theirs1 the foremost of the celestials1 the ,creator ,brahm1 the best of the pious1 came down there to offer them boons 7#aj74 ,requested by the lotus-sprung deity1 saying ,pray for a boon they did not pray for any on account of their malice against the ,lord ,tramvaka 7#aa74 ,when1 ,o descendant of ,kuru1 they expressed their desire of wrecking vengeance for the destruction of their kinsmen the omniscient ,grand-father said3--,the lord ,maheswara1 with the goddess ,um1 is without birth1 middle and destruction4 ,he is the creator and destroyer of the whole universe4 ,who is therefore capable of injuring them8 ,it is an useless task4 ,renouncing your malice against him do you wish to live happily in the city of the celestials 7#ab-ad74 ,thus addressed by ,brahm many wicked-souled ,asuras did not yield3 but some of them1 who knew ,bhava's powers1 expressed their willingness4 ,the ,grand-father said to the reluctant and wicked ,asuras3--,o heroic ,asuras1 except your vengeance against ,rudra do you pray for any other boon 7#ae-af74 ,hearing it they said ,o lord1 may we become unslayable by all the gods4 ,may we establish six cities under the earth3 and they will pass by the name of ,satpura4 ,o lord1 going to those six cities we will live there happily4 ,o thou having asceticism for thy wealth1 beholding ,tripura slain we have been greatly stricken with fear4 ,do thou so arrange that we may have no fear from ,rudra by whom all our kinsmen have been slain 7#ag-ai74 ,the ,grand-father said3--,o ,asuras1 if you do not throw obstacles in the way of the ,brhmanas1 fond of the pious and wending fair ways you will be unslayable by the gods and ,sankara 7#bj74 ,if out out of ignorance you happen to injure the ,brhmanas you will meet with destruction for they are the most excellent refuge of the world 7#ba74 ,if you injure the ,brhmanas you shall have to fear ,narayana for the ,lord ,janrddana encompasses the well-being of all creatures 7#bb74 ,o king1 thereupon dismissed by the ,grand-father the ,asuras went away4 ,seated on the white bull along with the goddess ,um accompanied by his followers1 the ,lord1 ,himself1 the ,divine ,slayer of ,tripura1 and the refuge of the pious1 appeared before those virtuous ,asuras who were his followers and said 7#bc-bd73-- ,may good betide you1 ,o foremost of ,asuras4 ,casting off enmity1 pride and malice you have sought refuge with me4 ,i am therefore ready to grant you a boon4 ,i have been pleased with your actions4 ,do you repair to the celestial region along with the twice-born ones ever engaged in good works1 by whom you have been initiated 7#be-bf74 ,the ascetics1 conversant with the knowledge of ,brahman1 who will even live under this ,kapithwa tree1 will attain to my region4 ,the hermits1 who with ascetic rites will adore me for a month or a fortnight1 will attain to the fruit of asceticism carried on for a thousand years4 ,if they worship me for three nights they will attain to the desired-for region4 ,if a man1 living in the insular continent of ,arka1 worships me in this way he will reap two-fold fruits2 but a man living in a hostile country will gain nothing4 ,he1 who will adore me here as ,sweta-,vahana 7having a white bull for carrier7 will attain me even if his mind is possessed by fear 7#bg-ca74 ,the men1 who are virtuous1 firm in devotion and who worship especially the ,munis who live under fig-trees and in the dens of jackals1 will attain to their desired-for regions 7#cb-cc74 ,o great king1 having said this the ,divine1 ,swetavhana1 ,mahdeva1 repaired to ,rudraloka along with them4 ,what more1 those even1 who merely resolve ,i shall go to ,jamvudwipa1 ,i shall live there1 arrive at the region of ,rudra 7#cd-ce74 ,,chapter ,,ccxxx4 ,,the ,,asuras ,,obstructing ,a ,,yajna4 ,vaishampyana said3--,at that time1 ,o king1 in the city of ,shatpura on the sacred bank of the good river ,avarta1 resorted to by the ,munis1 a ,vajasaneyi ,brhmana1 by name ,brahmadatta1 a disciple of ,yajnawalka1 well-read in the four ,vedas and six ,angas and endued with morality1 was initiated into a ,yajna extending over a year 7#a-c74 ,o kingly discendant of ,kuru1 as ,sakra 7the king of gods7 protects 7their preceptor7 ,vrihaspati so when that foremost of the twice-born went to ,shatpura for carrying on ,yajna ,vasudeva1 with ,devaki1 repaired there for protecting him1 for he was a class friend and preceptor of ,anakadundubhi 7,vasudeva7 7#d-e74 ,in that ,yajna of ,brahmadatta1 abounding in profuse food and presents were present ,vyasa1 ,yajnawalka1 ,sumantu1 ,jaimini1 ,dhritimn1 ,jajali1 ,devala and other great and leading ,munis of firm devotion4 ,and ,i too had gone there4 ,in that ,yajna1 by the grace of ,vasudeva1 the creator of the universe incarnated on earth1 the pious ,devaki distributed amongst the beggars various articles they wanted proportionate to the wealth of the intelligent ,vasudeva4 ,after the commencement of that ,yajna1 the inhabitants of ,shatpura1 ,nikumbha and other ,daityas1 proud of their boon1 assembled there and said3--,give us our share in the ,yajna4 ,we will drink ,soma and ,brahmadatta must give us his daughters4 ,we have heard that this great man has many beautiful daughters4 ,so he must send for them and give them over to us 7#f-aa74 ,he should also give us the most valuable jems which he has got in his possession4 ,if he transgresses this order we will not allow him to celebrate this ,yajna4 ,this is our order 7#ab74 ,hearing this ,brahmadatta said to the great ,asuras3--,o ye leading ,asuras1 no portion of sacrificial offerings has been laid down for you in the ,vedas4 ,how can ,i then allow you to drink ,soma in this ,yajna8 ,if you do not believe my words you may ask these great ,munis well-read in the ,vedas and their commentaries4 ,the daughters whom ,i shall give away in marriage ,i shall confer upon proper bridegrooms following the same ,vedas with me2 this is my resolution4 ,if you however come to terms ,i may give you the entire collection of my jewels4 ,if you show your force ,i will not give that even for ,devaki's son is my supporter 7#ac-af74 ,hearing those words the wicked ,dnavas of ,shatpura1 ,nikumbha and others began to scatter the articles of ,yajna and carry away his daughters4 ,beholding the sacrificial articles robbed by the ,asuras ,anakadundubhi thought of the great ,krishna1 ,balabhadra and ,gada4 ,as soon as he was thought of ,krishna came to know of every thing and said to ,pradyumna3--,proceed1 ,o my son1 and save the maidens by virtue of your illusive powers4 ,o powerful hero1 ,i myself too will soon go to ,shatpura with the ,ydava army4 ,hearing it the intelligent1 highly powerful and heroic ,pradyumna1 ever obedient to his sire1 went to ,shatpura within a moment and took away the maidens by virtue of his illusive power4 ,creating their figures by his illusive power the pious son of ,rukshmini kept them before the ,daityas and said to ,devaki ,be not afraid4 ,o king1 leaving aside ,brahmadatta's daughter the irrepressible ,daityas carried away the illusory maidens and entered their city with satisfaction 7#ag-bc74 ,thereupon1 ,o king1 that great and glorious ,yajna was being celebrated according to proper rites4 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 all the kings1 invited by the intelligent ,brahmadatta1 arrived at the sacrificial ground4 ,jarsandha1 ,shisupala1 ,dantavakra1 the ,pandavas1 the sons of ,dhritarshtra1 the ,mlava and ,tangana kings1 ,rukshmi1 ,ahvriti1 ,neela1 ,nrmada1 ,vinda1 ,anuvinda1 ,avantya1 ,shalya1 ,shakuni and other heroic1 noble and warrior kings encamped near ,shatpura 7#bd-bh74 ,seeing this the beautiful ,nrada thought3--,at this ,yajna all the ,kshatryas and ,ydavas have assembled4 ,surely this will lead to a conflict4 ,i shall therefore try to bring it about4 ,thinking this he repaired to ,nikumbha's house 7#bi-cj74 ,he was worshipped there by ,nikumbha and other ,dnavas4 ,thereupon taking his seat the pious-souled ,rishi said to ,nikumbha3--,having caused a dissension with the ,yadavas how are you sitting here at ease8 ,do you not know that ,brahmadatta is the friend of ,krishna's father 7#ca-cb78 ,the five hundred wives of the intelligent ,brahmadatta have been brought at the sacrificial ground for satisfying ,vasudeva's son3 of them two hundred are of ,brhmana origin1 one hundred of ,kshatrya origin1 one hundred of ,vaishya and another hundred of ,sudra origin4 ,o ,king1 they had all worshipped the learned and pious ,rishi ,durvs who had conferred on them all a boon saying ',you will all1 one by one1 get a son and a daughter4' ,o heroic ,asura1 by virtue of this boon and on account of their intercourse with their husband they have all given birth to fair daughters4 ,they are of matchless beauty1 tender1 ever youthful and chaste4 ,from their body comes out the fragrance of all flowers 7#cc-ch74 ,o ,daitya1 by virtue of the boon of that intelligent ,rishi1 they know the arts of singing and dancing1 the accomplishments of the ,apsaras2 and they are all well accomplished 7#ci74 ,the sons1 in their order1 are observant of the duties attached to their respective orders4 ,they are clever in interpreting the the sacred texts and are beautiful 7#dj74 ,o hero1 the intelligent ,brahmadatta had conferred almost all of those daughters on the leading ,bhaimas4 ,and for the remaining hundred whom you have stolen the ,ydavas will fight to their very best4 ,therefore ,o hero1 you invite in proper order the help of other kings 7#da-db74 ,o ,asuras1 if you wish to keep in your possession ,brahmadatta's daughters pray for the help of the highly powerful kings1 giving them various jewels and treat all the kings who will come here as your guests4 ,thus addressed by ,nrada the ,asuras1 with great delight1 carried out his orders 7#dc-dd74 ,having obtained various jewels and five hundred devoted maidens the kings divided them duly amongst themselves4 ,returning in a moment on the other hand the great ,nrada prevented the heroic sons of ,pandu and so they did not take any share in the distribution4 ,thereupon the leading kings1 delighted1 said to the ,asuras3--,formerly the ,kshatriyas had been adored many times by celestial heroes like yourselves1 capable of coursing in the sky and possessed of all the objects of pleasure4 ,and even now they have been duly honored by you4 ,what will they now give you in return 7#de-dh78 ,hearing it ,nikumbha1 the enemy of the celestials1 was filled with joy4 ,describing the greatness and truthfulness of the ,kshatriyas he said to them3--,o ye leading kings1 we shall have to fight with our enemies to-day4 ,we wish you may help us to the best of your power4 ,o lord1 hearing the words of ,nikumbha all the sinful ,kshatriyas1 save the heroic sons of ,pandu1 who had learnt the truth from ,nrada1 said ,so be it 7#da-ea74 ,o king1 on the other side1 recollecting the words of ,mahdeva in his mind1 the powerful ,krishna set out with his army for ,shatpura leaving ,ahuka at ,dwarak4 ,having arrived at ,shatpura with that army the ,lord ,vsudeva1 according to ,vasudeva's orders1 encamped at an advantageous site near the sacrificial ground for the well-being of the citizens4 ,making that encampment difficult of access with bushes the powerful and beautiful ,krishna engaged ,pradyumna in the work of patrolling 7#eb-ef74 ,,chapter ,,ccxxxi4 ,,war ,,between ,,krishna ,,and ,,asuras4 ,vaishampyana said3--,within a moment of the clear sun coming within the range of people's vision1 ,baladeva1 ,krishna and ,satyaki delightedly got upon ,garuda's back4 ,having bathed in the water of the sacred river ,avarta1 who had obtained a boon from ,rudra and who by his words had been made holy like the ,ganges1 and having put on coats of mail1 finger-protectors and armours1 those heroes1 desirous of fighting1 worshipped the god ,siva1 the lord of bel leaves and water4 ,at that time having placed ,pradyumna above in front of the army1 the ,pandavas in charge of the ,yajna and the remaining soldiers at the door of the cave1 the ,lord ,krishna1 the giver of honors and the refuge of the pious1 thought of ,jayanta and ,pravara4 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 they arrived there as soon as they were recollected4 ,the ,lord only could see them and they were kept above along with ,pradyumna 7#a-f74 ,thereupon at ,krishna's mandate1 war-bugles1 ,jalaja1 ,muraja and other musical instruments were sounded4 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 ,smva and ,gada arranged the soldiers in the shape of a ,makara4 ,shrana1 ,uddhava1 ,vaitarana of ,bhoja's race1 the virtuous ,andhrishti1 ,viprithu1 ,prithu1 ,kritavarm1 ,sudangsthra1 ,vichakshu1 the grinder of enemies1 the pious ,sanatkumar and ,chrudeshna began to help ,aniruddha and protect the rear of the army 7#g-aj74 ,o thou the glory of thy race1 the remaining portion of the ,yadava army1 consisting of cars1 elephants1 horses and men1 remained in battle-array4 ,adorned with crowns1 head-gears1 bracelets and other ornaments and armed with various weapons1 the ,dnavas too1 dreadful in battle1 came out of ,shatpura1 emitting a roar like the muttering of clouds1 on asses1 elephants1 crocodiles1 hares1 horses1 buffaloes1 lions and tortoises4 ,many of their cars were drawn by those animals4 ,o king1 as the lord of gods issues out at the head of the celestial host so ,nikumbha came out at the head of that ,asura army setting up a noise like the muttering of clouds produced by the sound of trumpets1 rattle of car wheels1 and the blowing of conches 7#aa-af74 ,sending up again and again shouts of various sorts and leonine roars the highly powerful ,dnavas filled the earth and sky with them4 ,o ,janamejaya1 the soldiers of the ,chedi and other kings were bent upon assisting the ,asuras with great care4 ,o heroic king1 amongst the followers of the ,chedi king ,shishupla1 the hundred brothers headed by ,duryodhana stood there with their cars1 making a great rattle and coursing quickly like unto the city of ,gandharva4 ,making up their mind to fight and moving their beautiful bows like unto two palm trees ,rukshmi and ,ahvati joined them4 ,with a view to fight with the ,yadavas and acquire victory the king ,bhagadatta1 ,shalya1 ,shakuni1 ,jarsandha1 ,trigarta1 ,virta1 ,uttara and the ,asuras headed by ,nikumbha got themselves ready for the encounter 7#ag-bb74 ,thereupon when in battle ,nikumbha began to assail the dreadful army of the ,bhaimas with arrows like serpents1 ,andhristhi1 the commander-in-chief of the ,yadu army1 could not bear it4 ,he too1 with shafts1 adorned with variegated feathers and whetted on stone1 began to slay the enemy's army 7#bc-bd74 ,at that time when everything was covered with arrows1 ,nikumbha1 his chariot1 standard and horses became invisible4 ,seeing it the heroic ,nikumbha1 the fore most of those possessed of illusive powers1 was filled with anger4 ,and he1 by his illusive powers1 startled the ,bhaima chief ,andhristhi 7#be-bf74 ,resorting to his illusive powers1 bewildering ,anadhristhi and bringing him to the cave named ,shatpura the heroic ,nikumbha imprisoned him there4 ,and returning again to the battle-field1 he1 by his illusive powers1 took there ,kritavarm1 ,chrudeshna1 ,vaitarana of ,bhoja's race1 ,sanatkumr1 ,jmvavati's son ,arksha1 ,nishatha1 ,ulmuku and numerous other ,ydavas 7#bg-bi74 ,o king1 when he led the ,yadavas to the dreadful cave of ,shatpura he so covered himself by his illusive powers that no body could see him4 ,beholding that fearful onslaught of the ,bhaimas the ,lord ,krishna1 ,baladeva1 ,styaki1 ,smva1 the slayer of inimical heroes1 the irrepressible ,aniruddha and numerous other ,bhaimas1 especially ,pradyumna1 were greatly filled with anger 7#cj-cb74 ,thereupon1 ,o king1 setting string to his ,srnga bow and shooting arrows the holder of the ,srnga 7,krishna7 began to move about amongst the ,dnavas as the god of fire ranges on grass 7#cc74 ,seeing him1 taking up thousands of ,sataghnis1 ,parighas1 fiery lances1 burning axes1 dreadful rocks1 and huge stones and throwing up infuriated elephants1 cars and horses the ,danavas ran towards the effulgent god as the locusts1 drawn by the noose of ,death1 run towards the burning fire4 ,however1 ,o hero1 ,narayana-fire consumed all those things4 ,and smiling the highly effulgent ,yadu chief1 the slayer of his enemies and the benefactor of the world1 baffled them all with the fire of his arrows4 ,and as a bull suffers the downpour of rain in the autumn so he bore the shower of their arrows4 ,in this way1 when the battle continued for some time the ,asuras could not withstand the arrows shot off ,nryan's bow as a sandy bridge cannot stand showers 7#cd-ci74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 as the bulls cannot stand before the five-mouthed god ,siva with his mouths wide open so the ,asuras could not stand before ,krishna 7#dj74 ,o ,janamejaya1 while thus slain by ,nryana ,krishna the ,asuras1 stricken with fear1 rose up into the sky4 ,o ,lord1 as soon as they rose up into the sky ,jayanta and ,pravara killed them all with arrows burning like fire 7#da-db74 ,at that time the heads of the ,asuras1 fell down on earth like palm fruits from the tree 7#dc74 ,like five headed serpents killed by ,time the arms of the ,daityas dropped on the surface of the earth 7#dd74 ,having created another dreadful illusory cave for the destruction of the ,kshatriyas the heroic and virtuous son of ,rukshmini imperceptibly came out by the route by which ,gada1 ,shrana1 ,shatha1 ,shmva and other heroes had entered there4 ,as soon he came out the powerful son of ,krishna began to assail ,nikumbha1 although careful1 who was ranging hither and thither in front of the battle-field 7#de-dg74 ,thereupon1 ,o king1 resounding the cave with his leonine shouts he said to the king ,duryodhana1 ,virat1 ,drupada1 ,shakuni1 ,shalya1 ,neela1 ,bhishma1 ,vinda1 ,anuvinda1 ,jarsandha1 the kings of ,trigarta and ,mlava1 the highly powerful ,vslyas1 ,dhristadyumna and other princes of the ,panchala country1 conversant with the use of arms1 ,ahvriti1 his uncle ,rukshmi1 emperor ,shishupala1 and ,bhagadatta3--,o kings1 in consideration of your superior position and relationship with me ,i am not throwing you into this dreadful cave4 ,even the intelligent1 trident-handed ,god of bel leaves and water has ordered me to throw you all into this cave4 ,i shall exert my best to release the ,ydavas who have been imprisoned by the highly powerful ,nikumbha resorting to his ,shamvari ,my 7#dh-ed74 ,thus addressed the ,commander-in-,chief of the kings1 ,shishupla struck the ,bhaimas1 especially ,pradyumna1 with arrows4 ,thereupon saluting ,siva ,rukshmini's son began to pierce the emperor ,shishupla4 ,in the meantime taking up a thousand of nooses1 the foremost of ,siva's ghostly followers ,nandi came there and said to the highly powerful and heroic son of ,rukshmini4 ,o descendant of ,yadu1 ,vilwodakeshwara 7,siva7 has ordered you to do what he had told you in the night4 ,bind these kings with nooses who have been bribed with jewels for the maidens4 ,to release them also depends on you4 ,o hero1 ,o you of large arms1 destroy all the ,asuras leaving none behind4 ,and communicate this news to ,janrddana 7#ee-fj74 ,o descendant of ,kuru1 thereupon binding the king ,bhagadatta1 ,shishupla1 ,ahvati1 ,rukshmi and other kings1 like hissing serpents1 with the nooses given by ,hara ,rukshmini's son1 endued with most excellent energy1 took them all to the illusory cave4 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 having kept there his own son ,aniruddha as the guard of the cave1 ,yadu's descendant ,pradyumna took away the elephants1 horses and cars of the ,kshatriyas and put the remaining commanders and guards in charge of treasury in chain4 ,o lord1 thereupon when ,krishna's son was ready to slay the ,asuras1 he1 with the coat of mail on1 said to ,brahmadatta1 the foremost of the twice-born ,see1 ,dhananjaya has undertaken to help you4 ,you have no fear4 ,celebrate your work with a confident heart4 ,o foremost of the twice-born1 when the ,pandavas have been engaged as your protectors you need not fear the gods1 ,asuras or any other beings4 ,the ,asuras have not been able to touch your daughters even with their mind2 see1 by my illusory powers ,i have kept them in the sacrificial ground 7#fa-fh74 ,,chapter ,,ccxxxii4 ,,defeat ,,of ,,the ,,asuras3 ,,they ,,fight ,,again4 ,vaishampyana said3--,o emperor ,janamejaya1 when the kings1 with their followers1 were imprisoned fear entered into the mind of the ,asuras4 ,completely routed by ,krishna1 ,anarta and other ,yadavas1 dreadful in fight1 the heroes fled away on all sides4 ,seeing it1 the foremost of ,dnavas1 ,nikumbha1 filled with anger1 said3--,why do ye1 stricken with fear and stupified on account of your ignorance1 break your promise and take to your heels8 ,you promised to avenge the destruction of your kinsmen4 ,if you now break your promise and fly away to what region will you all repair 7#a-d78 ,you will be able to reap the fruit if you can vanquish your enemies irrepressible in battle4 ,again if the heroes are slain in a battle-field they live happily in the region of the celestials4 ,if you however fly away whose face will you behold in your house8 ,what will your wives say8 ,oh fie on you6 fie on you6 you have not the least shame4 ,o king1 thus addressed1 the ,asuras1 filled with shame1 returned with double vigour and again engaged in an encounter with the ,ydavas4 ,dhananjaya1 ,bhima1 ,nakula1 ,sahadeva and ,dharma's son1 the king ,yudhishthira destroyed all who went to that sacrificial ground where took place the martial festivity1 consisting of diverse weapons1 of those heroes4 ,those1 who rose up into the sky1 were slain by ,indra's son and the foremost of the twice-born ,pravara 7#g-i74 ,thereupon1 ,o ,janamejaya1 in that battle-field there flew a river of blood like a stream filled with water in the rainy season4 ,it took its rise from the mountain ,govinda and its water was the blood of the ,asuras4 ,the hairs were the mosses and creepers4 ,the wheels were the tortoises and the cars were the whirlpools4 ,it was beautified with rocks of elephants and covered with trees of flags4 ,the cries constituted the noise of the flowing stream--and the foams of blood were the bubbles4 ,the swords were the fishes4 ,and it assailed the heart of the coward 7#aj-ab74 ,beholding all his comrades slain and the enemies increase in power1 ,nikumbha1 by virtue of his own energy1 all on a sudden leaped up4 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 there ,jayanta and ,pravara1 with arrows resembling thunder-bolts1 obstructed ,nikumbha irrepressible in fight4 ,desisting and biting his own lips the wicked ,nikumbha struck ,pravara with his ,parigha who fell down on earth4 ,as soon as he fell down ,indra's son held him up and embraced him with his arms4 ,knowing him alive he at once let him off and ran towards the ,asura4 ,nearing ,nikumbha ,jayanta struck him with a ,nishtringsha and the ,daitya too struck him with a ,parigha 7#ac-ag74 ,in the very next moment ,indra's son wounded ,nikumbha's person with numerous shafts4 ,thus wounded in that dreadful battle the great ,asura thought3--,i shall fight in the battle-field with my enemy ,krishna who has killed my kinsmen4 ,why do ,i make myself exhausted by fightlng with ,indra's son 7#ah-ai78 ,having resolved thus ,nikumbha disappeared from that place and went where the highly powerful ,krishna was4 ,seated on his ,airvata the virtuous destroyer of ,bala1 ,vsava1 had come there with the gods to witness the battle4 ,beholding his son victorious he was pleased4 ,and extolling their actions repeatedly he embraced him and ,pravara who was freed from stupifaction4 ,beholding ,jayanta1 dreadful in battle1 victorious1 celestial trumpets were struck at the command of the king of gods 7#bj-bc74 ,on the other side beholding ,keshava1 dreadful in battle1 along with ,arjuna near the sacrificial ground1 ,nikumbha1 setting up a leonine shout1 attacked1 with his ,parigha1 the king of birds ,garuda1 ,baladeva1 ,satyaka1 ,nryana1 ,arjuna1 ,bhima1 ,yudhisthira1 ,sahadeva1 ,nakula1 ,vasudeva1 ,shmva and ,pradyumna4 ,and so fought that quick coursing ,daitya by virtue of his illusory powers that none among those heroes1 masters of all sorts of weapons1 could see him4 ,not seeing him there ,hrishikesha 7,krishna7 meditated upon ,vilwodakeshwara1 the lord of goblins 7#bd-bh74 ,as soon as ,krishna meditated on ,him1 they all1 by the power of the highly powerful ,vilwodakeshwara1 could at once see ,nikumbha1 the foremost of those possessed of illusive powers stationed before them like the summit of the ,kailsa4 ,at that time as if ready to devour all of them that hero was inviting his enemy ,krishna the slayer of his kinsmen 7#bi-cj74 ,from before ,prtha had set string to his ,gndiva bow4 ,and seeing him for the present he struck his 7,nikumbha's7 body repeatedly with ,parigha and other arrows 7#ca71 ,o king1 as soon as that ,parigha1 whetted on a stone and other arrows touched his body1 they fell down on earth shattered and broken4 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 seeing the arrows shot off his bow thus baffled ,dhananjaya asked ,keshava saying2--,what is this1 ,o son of ,devaki8 ,my arrows1 resembling thunder-bolts1 pierce even the mountains4 ,but why are they useless here8 ,i am greatly astonished at this 7#cb-cc74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 thereupon ,krishna smilingly replied3--,o son of ,kunti1 hear1 ,i shall describe in detail how ,nikumbha has become so very powerful4 ,repairing to the province of ,uttarakura1 this irrepressible enemy of the gods1 this great ,asura practised hard austerities for one hundred thousand years4 ,pleased with it when ,lord ,hara was about to grant him a boon he prayed for three1 as that he would not be killed by celestials and demons4 ,the ,lord ,mahdeva1 having the emblem of a bull on his banner1 said3--',o great ,asura1 if you act against me1 ,vishnu and the ,brhmanas you will even then be slain by ,hara only4 ,none else will able to kill you4 ,o ,nikumbha1 myself and ,vishnu are both benefactors of the ,brhmanas and the ,vipras are our greatest refuge'4 ,o son of ,pandu1 this ,dnava is that highly powerful ,nikumbha4 ,his three bodies1 acquired by virtue of the boon1 are accordingly invincible by all sorts of weapons 7#ce-dj74 ,while carrying away ,bhnumati ,i had destroyed one of his bodies3 his other undestructible body lives in ,shatpura1 and the third1 endued with ascetic energy1 serves ,diti4 ,with his another body he always lives in ,shatpura4 ,o hero1 ,i have thus given you a complete account of ,nikumbha2 now expedite the work of his destruction2 the remaining history ,i shall narrate afterwards 7#da-dc74 ,o descendant of ,kuru1 while the two ,krishnas were thus conversing that ,asura1 invincible in battle1 entered into the cave ,shatpura mentioned before4 ,seeing it and searching for him the ,divine ,slayer of ,madhu entered into that dreadful cave of ,shatpura4 ,it was lighted up by its own effulgence and the sun and the moon did not pour its rays there4 ,it distributes happiness1 misery1 heat1 and cold4 ,entering that cave the ,divine ,janrddana said to the ,ydava kings and engaged in an encounter with the dreadful ,nikumbha 7#de-dg74 ,the other ,ydavas headed by ,baladeva and the ,pandavas united1 with ,krishna's permission1 followed him to the cave4 ,nikumbha began to fight with ,krishna4 ,and ,rukshmini's son1 according to the desire of his sire1 released the friends who had been brought there by the ,danava4 ,released by ,rukshmini's son1 they1 with a view to kill ,nikumbha1 delightedly arrived where ,janrddana was4 ,thereupon ,krishna again said ,o hero1 release the kings1 subdued by thee4 ,hearing this the heroic and powerful son of ,rukshmini released them all4 ,then the heroic kings1 shorn of prosperity1 could not say anything out of shame4 ,observing silence they only sat down with their faces cast down 7#dh-eb74 ,govinda was fighting with his dreadful enemy ,nikumbha who was trying his very best for victory4 ,o lord1 there ,krishna was struck by ,nikumbha with a ,parigha and he was wounded by ,krishna with a club 7#ec-ed74 ,thus cut sorely by each other they both lost their consciousness4 ,seeing the ,pandavas and ,yadavas aggrieved the ,munis1 desirous of doing good unto ,krishna1 began to recite ,mantras and adore him with hymns laid down in the ,vedas4 ,thereupon regaining their consciousness the ,dnava and ,keshava again addressed themselves for fighting4 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 those two heroes1 dreadful in battle1 struck each other like two fighting infuriated bulls1 or elephants or leopards 7#ee-eh74 ,o king1 thereupon an invisible voice said to ,krishna3 ,o thou of great strength1 the ,lord ,vilwodakeshwara has order thee to kill this thorn of the ,brhmanas with thy discus and acquire great virtue and fame 7#ei-fj74 ,hearing this ,hari1 the refuge of the pious and the protector of the world1 said ,so be it4 ,and then saluting ,mahdeva he discharged his discus ,sudarshana1 the destroyer of the ,daitya race4 ,that discus1 effulgent like the solar disc1 discharged off ,nryana's hand1 sundered ,nikumbha's head adorned with most beautiful ear-rings 7#fa-fb74 ,as a peacock falls down on earth from the summit of a mountain1 so his head1 beautified with ear-rings1 dropped down on earth4 ,o king1 the powerful ,nikumbha1 the terror of the world being slain the ,lord ,vilwodakeshwara was pleased4 ,o slayer of thy enemies1 from the sky fell showers of flowers discharged by ,indra and the celestial bugles were sounded4 ,the whole world1 especially the hermits1 attained to an excess of joy4 ,thereupon the ,lord ,keshava1 having ,gada as his elder brother1 delightedly conferred upon the ,yadavas hundreds of ,daitya maidens4 ,and consoling the ,kshatriyas repeatedly he gave them precious jewels and diverse raiments4 ,and he gave the ,pndavas six thousand cars with horses4 ,the rider of ,garuda who always multiplies cities1 gave that city of ,shatpura to the ,brhmana ,brahmadatta 7#fc-fi74 ,after the termination of ,brahmadatta's ,yajna the highly powerful ,govinda1 the holder of conch1 discus and club1 dismissed the ,kshatriyas and gave a grand party with enough of rice1 curry1 meat and pudding before the ,lord of ,bel leaves and water4 ,the self-controlled ,lord ,hari1 fond of wrestling1 made the expert wrestlers show their performances before that party and gave them money and clothes4 ,afterwards saluting ,brahmadatta he set out for the city of ,dwravati with his father1 mother and the other ,ydavas4 ,that hero1 worshipped by people on his way1 entered the charming city abounding in contented and beautiful people1 and the streets of which were decorated with flowers4 ,he1 who listens to or reads the account of the conquest of ,shatpura by the holder of discus1 acquires victory in battle 7#gj-ge74 ,by hearing or reading it one1 having no son1 gets one1 a pauper gets riches1 a sick man is cured of his diseases1 and one bound is released from the fetters4 ,if this story is recited on the occasion of a ,punsavana1 ,garbhadhna or a ,srddha it is considered as bringing about complete success4 ,o ,janamejaya1 the man1 who always reads the account of the victory of the high-souled ,deity1 the foremost of immortals of incomparable strength1 is freed from tribulation and proceeds from here to a most excellent region4 ,the ,purusha1 whose palms and feet are adorned with jems and gold1 who is effulgent like the great burning sun1 who is the subduer of his enemies1 who is the ,prime ,lord1 who lies on the bed of four oceans1 who has four ,atmans and who has a thousand names1 always lives in the best place 7#gf-gi74 ,a religious and domestic festival held on the mother's perceiving the first signs of a living conception4 ,a ceremony performed prior to conception4 ,,chapter ,,ccxxxiii4 ,,the ,,history ,,of ,,the ,,asura ,,andhaka4 ,janamejaya said3--,o foremost of ,munis1 ,o ,vaishampayana1 ,i have listened to an account of the spoliation of ,shatpura4 ,do you now describe the destruction of ,andhaka mentioned by you before4 ,o foremost of speakers1 ,i am also very anxious to hear of an account of ,bhnumati's being carried away and of the destruction of ,nikumbha 7#a-b74 ,vaishampyana said3-,in the days of yore when all her sons had been slain by the ,divine ,lord ,vishnu1 ,diti1 with ascetic penances1 worshipped ,marichi's son ,kashyapa4 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 pleased with her penances1 service1 help and beauty the foremost of ,munis1 ,kashyapa1 said to her having asceticism for wealth3--,o fair one1 ,o religious lady1 ,i have been pleased with you4 ,pray for a boon 7#c-e74 ,diti said3--,o lord1 ,o foremost of the pious1 the gods have killed my sons and ,i have none at present4 ,i pray for such a son of incomparable prowess whom the gods will not be able to kill 7#f74 ,kashyapa said3--,o goddess1 ,o daughter of ,daksha1 ,o you having lotus eyes1 ,i have no influence over ,rudra1 forsooth your soon will not be killed by any other god save him4 ,your son shall have to protect himself from ,rudra 7#g-h74 ,o descendant of ,kuru1 thereupon the truthful ,kashyapa touched1 with his fingers1 the belly of that goddess4 ,she gave birth to a son having a thousand arms1 thousand heads1 two thousand legs1 and two thousand eyes4 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 because he used to go about like a blind man1 people of that province called him by the name of ,andhaka4 ,o ,janamejaya1 considering himself as above death1 that ,daitya used to oppress all and carry away by force their jewels4 ,having carried them away by force the highly proud ,andhaka1 a terror to all the worlds1 compelled the ,apsaras to live in his own house4 ,out of foolishness1 that son of ,diti1 bent upon committing sin1 used to steal other's wives and jewels 7#i-ad74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 once on a time that oppresser of all1 with his own followers the ,asuras1 prepared himself for conquering the three worlds4 ,hearing it the ,lord ,sakra said to his father ,kashyapa3--,o foremost of ,munis1 ,andhaka is doing all this4 ,o lord1 command me what ,i should do4 ,o ,muni1 how shall ,i suffer such oppressions of my younger brother8 ,and how shall ,i strike the dear son of my step mother8 ,o ,sire1 if the son of this worshipful mother be killed by me forsooth she will be worked up with anger 7#ae-ah74 ,hearing the words of the king of gods the great ,muni ,kashyapa said3--,may good betide you1 ,o lord of the celestials2 ,i shall prevent him by all means4 ,thereupon ,o descendant of ,bharata1 ,diti and ,kashyapa1 with great difficulty1 desisted ,andhaka from conquering the three worlds 7#ai-bj74 ,although thus prevented that wicked-souled one began to oppress the immortals and the other inhabitants of the celestial region by various means 7#ba74 ,the wicked-minded demon uprooted the trees of the forest and spoiled the gardens4 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 even before the very presence of the gods1 that ,dnava1 elated with the pride of his strength1 took away the charioteers and horses of ,indra and the celestial elephants1 of the quarters4 ,that thorn of the gods used to throw obstacles in the way of those men who wanted to propitiate the gods with ,yajnas 7#bb-bd74 ,o king1 in fear of ,andhaka and the obstruction of ,yajnas1 the sacrificers stopped the performance of sacrifies and the ascetics gave up the practice of bare austerities4 ,at his command the wind blew1 the sun gave its rays and the moon appeared and disappeared with stars4 ,in fear of the highly dreadful and wicked ,andhaka1 elated with the pride of his strength1 the cars of the sky-rangers could not freely pass in the welkin 7#be-bg74 ,o hero6 ,o upholder of the ,kuru race1 thus in fear of the highly terrible ,andhaka the world was divorced from ,om and ,vashatkar 7#bh74 ,once on a time the sinful demon devastated the provinces of ,uttarakura1 ,bhadrswa1 ,ketuml and ,jamvudwipa4 ,what more1 although capable1 the gods1 ,danavas and other creatures used to show him respect 7#bi-cj74 ,o foremost of the pious1 oppressed by ,andhaka the ,brahmavadins unitedly concerted measures for his destruction4 ,amongst them the intelligent ,vrihaspati said3--,save ,rudra1 no body will be able to kill him1 for1 at the time of conferring the boon the intelligent ,kashyapa said to ,aditi ',i shall not be able to protect your son against ,rudra 7#ca-cc74' ,we should now find out the means by which the eternal ,sarva1 the benefactor of all1 may be informed of the trouble of all the creatures 7#cd74 ,if the powerful1 ,divine ,lord ,bhava1 the refuge of the pious1 be informed of our object he will surely remove the misery of the world1 for to save the pious especially the ,brhmanas from the wicked is the work of ,bhava1 the god of gods1 and the preceptor of the world 7#ce-cf74 ,let us go and seek the help of the best of the twice-born ,nrada4 ,he is a friend of ,mahadeva1 and will point out to us an expedient4 ,hearing the words of ,vrihaspati the ascetics saw ,nrada the foremost of the celestial saints in the sky 7#cg-ch74 ,worshipping him duly and welcoming him the gods said3--,o celestial saint1 ,o lord1 ,o pious ,rishi1 go speedily to ,kailsha and speak to the great god ,hara1 for the destruction of ,andhaka4 ,they said this to ,nrada for their own safety4 ,he too said ,so be it 7#ci-dj74 ,after the departure of the ,rishis the learned ,muni ,nrada thought over this matter in his mind and arrived at a conclusion4 ,for seeing the god of gods1 ,siva1 the divine ,muni repaired to the garden ,mandra where he always lived 7#da-db74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 having lived in ,sulapani's 7,siva's7 charming garden of ,mandra for one night1 he1 with the permission of ,vrishadhwaja1 took a well-set garland of ,mandara flowers1 the best of all sweet-scented articles and another of ,santnaka flowers and set out for the city of the celestials4 ,o king1 having placed that highly fragrant garland around his neck ,nrada went where the wicked-souled ,andhaka1 proud of his strength1 was 7#dc-df74 ,seeing that garland of ,santnaka flowers and smelling its sweet fragrance ,andhaka asked him3--,o great ,muni1 having asceticism for your wealth1 where have you got these beautiful flowers which are always carrying such a beautiful scent and colour8 ,they have1 by all means1 excelled the ,santnaka flowers of the celestial region4 ,where do they grow and who is their owner8 ,o ,muni1 whom the gods entertain as their guest1 if you have respect for me tell me all this 7#dg-di74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 hearing this that foremost of ,munis1 ,narada1 having tapas for his jems1 held him by the hand and said3--,o hero1 these flowers grow in the charming forest situated on that best of mountains ,mandra4 ,they are the creation of the trident-handed deity 7#ej-ea74 ,the ghostly attendants of the great ,mahdeva guard that forest4 ,so without his permission no body can enter there4 ,those goblins put on various dresses1 use diverse weapons1 are dreadful and unapproachable4 ,on account of their being protected well by ,mahdeva they are unslayable by all creatures4 ,in that garden of ,mandra ,hara1 the soul and protector of all1 and followed by goblins1 always plays there with the goddess ,um 7#eb-ed74 ,o you born in the race of ,kashyapa1 if one adores ,hara1 the lord of the three worlds with particular hard austerities he obtains the ,mandra flowers4 ,these trees1 beloved of ,hara1 confer jewels of women1 other precious stones and all sorts of desired-for objects 7#ee-ef74 ,o you of incomparable prowess1 that forest of trees1 where no misery prevails1 is self effulgent4 ,the sun or the moon does not pour its rays there4 ,o you of great strength1 amongst those huge trees some give scents1 some water and some various fragrant raiments4 ,they also pour various desired-for edibles and drinks4 ,o sinless hero1 know it for certain that in that ,mandra forest no body experiences thirst1 hunger or fatigue4 ,what more1 even in hundred years cannot be described the virtues1 superior to those of the celestial region even1 which those trees possess4 ,o foremost of the sons of ,diti1 he1 who lives there even for a day1 acquires victory over all superior to that of ,mahdeva even4 ,there is no doubt about it4 ,in my opinion that region had been selected before the creation of the world1 as the heaven of heaven and happiness of happiness 7#eg-fc74 ,all the religious ceremonies were stopped4 ,,chapter ,,ccxxxiv4 ,,andmaka ,,goes ,,to ,,the ,,mount ,,mandara4 ,vaishampyana said3--,o descendant of ,bharata1 hearing attentively the words of ,nrada the great ,asura ,andhaka felt a desire for going to the mount ,mandara 7#a74 ,having gathered other ,asuras 7around him7 the highly energetic and powerful ,andhaka1 elated with the pride of his strength1 arrived at the mount ,mandara4 ,it was covered with huge clouds1 great herbs and virtuous ,siddhas4 ,there lived the great ,rishis and it abounded in many elephants1 sandal1 ,aguru and various other trees4 ,it was rendered charming with the songs of the ,kinnaras and it danced as if with the blossoming trees blown by the wind4 ,it was filled with the sweet notes of the birds and swans moving about beautifully4 ,it was adorned with the highly powerful buffaloes1 the destroyers of the demons and lions white as the rays of the moon4 ,it was filled with hundreds of deer4 ,arriving there he said to that best of mountains existing there in his own form4 7#b-h74 ,you know that by virtue of my father's boon ,i am not to be slain by any4 ,the three worlds1 consisting of mobile and immobile creation1 are under me4 ,o mountain1 out of fear1 none is able to fight with me4 ,o great hill1 ,i have heard that on your table-land there is a forest of ,prijta trees1 the jewels of them1 adorned with flowers conferring all desired-for objects4 ,my mind is filled with curiosity-tell me speedily where that forest is on your table-land4 ,o mountain1 if angry you will not be able to do any thing against me3 on the other hand if ,i oppress and trouble you1 ,i do not see any one who will be able to protect you4 ,thus addressed the mount ,mandara disappeared therefrom 7#i-ab74 ,thereupon worked up with great anger ,andhaka1 proud of his boon1 set up a terrible leonine shout and said3--,o mountain1 although requested by me you have not shown me sufficient honor4 ,now witness my strength--,i will crush you within this very moment4 ,saying it the powerful ,andhaka1 elated with the pride of the boon1 uprooted1 with the help of the ,asuras1 a summit extending over many yojanas and began to grind it4 ,o hero1 for this all the streams of that huge mountain were blockaded4 ,when ,rudra came to know of all this he showed him such a special favour1 that it appeared in the same beauty abounding in infuriated elephants1 deer1 various streams and variegated gardens1 which it possessed before it was uprooted by ,andhaka 7#ac-ah74 ,thereupon by the power of the ,lord1 the dreadful summits1 uprooted by ,andhaka1 brought about the destruction of the ,asuras themselves 7#ai74 ,o king1 the mountain summits crushed those ,asuras to death who uprooting them were flying away 7#bj74 ,those ,asuras however1 who were sitting at ease on the table-land of the mount ,mandara1 were not killed thereby4 ,seeing his soldiers thus crushed down ,andhaka set up a terrible leonine shout and said3--,o mountain1 there is no need of fighting with you4 ,i invite him who is the owner of the garden situate on your elevation4 ,let him come forward to fight4 ,what is the use of carrying on the work of destruction remaining in disguise in the battle-field 7#ba-bc74 ,thus addressed the ,lord ,maheswara1 desirous of killing him1 took up his mace and arrived there riding on his bull 7#bd74 ,the intelligent1 three-eyed deity1 the lord of goblins came there encircled by ghosts and goblins4 ,at that time when ,mahdeva was worked up with anger the entire world shook and the rivers flew in contrary courses with burning water 7#be-bf71 ,o king1 by ,hara's energy all the quarters were consumed with fire and the planets began to fight with one another4 ,o descendant of ,kuru1 at that time all the mountains were moved and the god of rains sent down showers of char-coals accompanied with smoke4 ,and the moon became hot and the sun cool4 ,the ,brahmavdins forgot the ,vedas4 ,o sinless one1 at that time the asses gave birth to cows and the cows to horses4 ,the trees were reduced to ashes and fell down on earth4 ,the bulls began to oppress the kine and the kine began to ride on the bulls4 ,all the quarters were filled with ,rakshasas1 ,yatudhnas and ,pishcas4 ,beholding the universe in such an altered condition the ,divine ,mahdeva cast off his mace effulgent like fire4 ,o king1 that dreadful mace1 discharged by ,hara1 fell on the breast of the ,asura ,andhaka1 the thorn of the pious1 and immediately reduced him to ashes 7#bg-cc74 ,when the enemy of the world was slain1 the gods and the ,munis1 having asceticism for their wealth1 began to propitiate ,shankara 7#cd74 ,celestials bugles were sounded and showers of flowers fell down4 ,o king1 the three worlds were freed from anxiety and enjoyed rest 7#ce74 ,the gods and ,gandharvas began to sing and the ,apsaras began to dance4 ,the ,brhmanas began to recite the ,vedas and perform sacrifices 7#cf74 ,the planets resumed their natural positions and the rivers flew in their proper courses4 ,fire did not burn in water4 ,all people began to cherish hopes 7#cg74 ,the foremost of mountains ,mandara again shone in beauty--adorned with its pristine prosperity and effulgence 7#ch74 ,having thus benefitted the gods the ,lord ,hara began to sport with ,um again in the garden of ,prijta 7#ci74 ,,chapter ,,ccxxxv4 ,,the ,,yadavas ,,sport ,,in ,,the ,,ocean4 ,janamejaya said3--,o ,muni1 ,i have thus listened to an account of the necessary destruction of ,andhaka1 by which the intelligent ,mahadeva restored peace in the three worlds4 ,it behoves thee to describe to me why the second body of ,nikumbha was destroyed by ,krishna1 the holder of discus 7#a-b74 ,vaishampyana said3--,o sinless king1 you have the greatest reverences for listening to the history of ,hari1 the highly powerful lord of the universe4 ,i should therefore describe it to you 7#c74 ,o king1 while living in the city of ,dwrk ,hari1 of incomparable energy1 sailed by sea for the sacred shrine of ,pindaraka 7#d74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 at that time ,ugrasena and ,vasudeva remained as the governors of the city4 ,all others followed ,nryana 7#e74 ,o king1 ,baladeva1 ,janrddana1 and the parties of other princes1 energetic like the immortals1 set out separately 7#f74 ,o king1 thousands of dancing girls accompanied the beautiful ,vrishni princes adorned with ornaments 7#g74 ,o hero1 removing the ocean from its own bed the powerful ,yadavas had settled those thousands of dancing girls in ,dwravati 7#h74 ,those beautiful dancing girls1 on account of their accomplishments1 became the objects of enjoyment to the princes 7#i74 ,o lord1 thinking that the ,yadavas might not suffer from an internal feud for women the intelligent ,krishna established this practice amongst the ,bhaimas 7#aj74 ,while sporting in the water1 the powerful ,baladeva1 the foremost of ,yadus1 inebrite with drinking wine and adorned with a garland of wild flowers1 was enjoying only with ,revati like a ,chakravka bird4 ,making an enclosure with his own persons ,govinda1 the creator of all1 having eyes black like a cloud1 was sporting separately in the ocean with his sixteen thousand wives4 ,o king1 at that time1 amongst the women of ,keshava every one thought3--,i am the most favourite of ,keshava3 he is sporting only with me 7#aa-ad74 ,all those damsels1 having signs of sporting all over their person1 were flirting with ,govinda 7#ae74 ,amongst those good women the beautiful damsels of ,nryana felt conceited by thinking ,i alone am the most favourite of ,keshava4 ,krishna's women1 as if with their eyes1 were drinking the ambrosia of ,keshava's countenance4 ,all those damsels1 whose minds and eyes were fixed only on ,keshava1 looked more beautiful than before4 ,the ,lord ,nryana1 having pleased them all1 those women1 having their minds and eyes fixed on one man1 did not cherish jealousy against one another4 ,as if possessed entirely by ,keshava those beautiful women began to shake their heads with pride 7#aaf-aba74 ,in pursuance of the ways of his universal form the self-controlled ,hari began to sport with those women in this way in the pure water of the ocean 7#bb74 ,o hero1 at that time at the command of ,vsudeva the water of the ocean was freed from salt and the great ocean began to carry transparent water1 possessing all sorts of fragrance 7#bc74 ,the ocean yielded its water to whatever extent the women wanted1 either up to their knees1 thighs or breast 7#bd74 ,as the rivers pour their watery contents down into the ocean1 and as the clouds pour water on the blossoming creepers1 so in that watery sport ,keshava's women sprinkled him with water 7#be74 ,some of them1 having eyes like a deer1 held ,hari by the neck1 and said3--,o ,hari1 ,i am being drowned1 save me 7#bf74 ,some handsome damsels began to row in wooden boats of the shape of herons and serpents 7#bg74 ,some began to row in ,makara-shaped boats and others in boats of various shapes 7#bh74 ,in order to please ,janrddana in the water of the ocean some women swam depending on their own breast and some on water jars4 7#bi74 ,krishna himself1 filled with joy1 began to sport with ,rukshmini4 ,nryana's wives did what pleased most ,keshava1 the foremost of immortals 7#cj74 ,there amongst those thin-built damsels1 having cloud like eyes and wearing clothes of fine texture some imitated the movements of ,vsudeva4 ,entering into the minds of those women1 ,keshava1 conversant with the mental desire of all1 satisfied whatever they wanted 7#ca-cc74 ,although lord of all self-controlled persons1 the powerful1 eternal1 divine ,hrishikesha1 according to the exigencies of time1 brought himself under the control of his beloved wives 7#cc74 ,wonder6 the damsels regarded ,janddana remaining there in human guise as their becoming husband both as regards birth and accomplishments4 ,in this way those clever women began to seek with devotion and offer sufficient honor to ,krishna endued with kindliness and always smiling before speaking 7#cd-ce74 ,in order to sport with the women in water the princes formed a separate party4 ,those heroes1 the mines of accomplishments1 were sporting under water 7#cf71 ,o king1 the women1 proficient in the art of singing and dancing whom the princes had brought there by force1 were pleased with their kind behaviour4 ,seeing the charming acting of those beautiful women1 and hearing the music of bugles and their songs the ,yadu heroes were greatly pleased 7#cg-ch74 ,thereupon on account of his universal form when ,lord ,krishna1 the master of the world and of immeasurable energy1 sent for the most beautiful ,apsaras such as ,panchachud1 ,kouveri and ,mahendri1 they came with folded hands and saluted him4 ,consoling them1 he said4 ,mahadeva said3--,o ye beautiful ,apsaras1 for satisfying me do you enter here without any anxiety and please the ,ydavas as their playing maids4 ,show them all the accomplishments that you possess in various musical instruments1 dancing1 singing and other mysterious arts4 ,they are all like my limbs4 ,if you please them therefore you will meet with your well-being4 ,having accepted that command of ,hari's with lowering heads those ,apsaras joined the ,ydavas as their playful maids 7#ci-dd74 ,o sinless one1 as clouds in the sky are lighted up by a lightning so the water of the ocean was ablaze as soon as they entered there 7#de74 ,standing in the water as if on land they played many notes on water as in the celestial region 7#df74 ,those women1 having expansive eyes1 pilfered the minds of the ,bhaimas with garlands of celestial fragrance1 raiments1 sportive smiles1 gestures1 movements of eyes1 anger and service after their own hearts 7#dg-dh74 ,those leading ,apsaras repeatedly threw up the inebriete ,bhaimas into the sky and brought them down 7#di74 ,in order to please the ,yadavas the powerful ,krishna too1 with his sixteen thousand wives1 began to sport happily in the sky 7#ej74 ,the heroic ,bhaimas knew the power of ,krishna of immeasurable energy and so they were not surprised at this feat of his2 rather they observed perfect gravity 7#ea74 ,o ,bhrata1 ,o slayer of enemies1 amongst them some1 of their own accord1 returned to ,raivataka1 some to their own houses1 and some to desired for forests4 ,the water of the ocean1 which no one else can drink1 was1 by the command of the powerful lord of the world ,vishnu1 converted into a good drink for all 7#eb-ec74 ,holding the damsels1 having lotus eyes1 by the hand they began to move about freely in the water as on land and dive again into the water 7#ed74 ,various sorts of edibles and drinks were brought before them as soon they thought of them4 ,in this way1 those damsels1 wearing garlands of fresh flowers1 began to sport with those ,yadu princes in that solitary place 7#ee-ef74 ,thereupon when the evening set in the invincible ,vrishnis and ,andhakas put on unguents on their persons after bathing and began to sport in house-boats 7#eg74 ,o descendant of ,kuru1 in all those boats the celestial architect ,viswakarm had made various palaces such as ,chaturasra and ,swasthika 7#eh74 ,some of those boats were like the mounts ,kailsha1 ,mandara and ,sumeru4 ,some of them were like birds and some like deer 7#ei74 ,the rooms1 made on those boats1 were spread with carpets1 lighted with emeralds1 ,chandraknta1 ,suryaknta and other precious jems4 ,its doors were made of ,vaiduryas4 ,in those boats painted with gold there were rooms of the form of a joy ,garuda1 ,krounchy1 ,suka and elephant 7#fj-fa74 ,those golden boats1 guided by boatsmen1 beautified greatly the water of the ocean abounding in waves 7#fb74 ,with floating small boats1 large boats1 and flats the abode of ,varuna was beautified 7#fc74 ,like the sky-ranging cities of the ,gandharvas the boats of the ,bhaimas began to move about in the ocean 7#fd74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 the celestial architect ,viswakarm had made all those boats after the celestial garden ,nandana4 ,garden-halls1 trees1 tanks1 chariots and other works of art were laid out there in imitation of those of the ,nandana garden4 ,o hero1 what more shall ,i speak1 at the command of ,nrayana1 in those boats1 resembling those of the celestial regions1 every thing was constructed after its celestial model 7#fe-fg74 ,in the forests that were laid out on the boats of the highly powerful ,bhaimas the birds1 emitting sweeter notes1 were pilfering their minds4 ,the white coels1 born in the celestial region1 were emitting various notes liked by the ,yadavas4 ,encircled by she-peacocks the peacocks1 emitting sweet notes1 were dancing on the roofs of the houses beautiful like the rays of the moon 7#fh-gj74 ,the flags1 hoisted on the boats1 were filled with diverse birds--and the bees1 sitting on the garlands1 were humming4 ,at the mandate of ,nryana beautiful signs of the season appeared in the sky and the trees were continually showering flowers 7#ga-gb74 ,there blew charming and delightful wind1 surcharged with filaments of flowers1 carrying the coolness of sandal and exciting desire in men 7#gc74 ,o king1 at that time by the influence of ,vsudeva1 the holder of discus1 the ,bhaimas enjoyed heat and cold according to their pleasure4 ,none of them experienced1 hunger1 thirst1 exhaustion or sorrow4 ,thus in their sport in the ocean which was continually enlivened by the sound of trumpets1 music and dancing the ,bhaimas1 protected by ,krishna1 sported obstructing that vast watery expanse for many a yojanas 7#gd-gg74 ,the ,divine ,architect had constructed the boat of the high-souled ,deity ,nryana in imitation of his dress4 ,o king1 all the valuable jewels of the three worlds were brought into the boat of the highly energetic ,krishna4 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 for each of the wives of ,krishna1 a separate room was made of gold and adorned with pearls and sapphires4 ,thus adorned with flowers of all seasons and supplied with all sorts of perfumeries the leading ,yadus played with the auspicious gods 7#gh-ha74 ,,chapter ,,ccxxxvi4 ,,the ,,sport ,,of ,,the ,,yadus ,,continued4 ,vaishampyana said3--,having lost all control over himself and his movements for drinking ,kadamvari wine and with his eyes reddened the highly beautiful ,bala1 of large arms pasted with sandal1 began to sport with ,revati 7#a74 ,as the full moon shines in a cloud so clad in raiments black like clouds the divine ,rma1 fair like the rays of the moon and with eyes rolling in intoxication1 shone there 7#b74 ,with ,kundala on his left ear only and adorned with beautiful lotuses1 the smiling ,rma attained to an excess of delight by repeatedly looking at the countenance of his beloved consort adorned with side-long looks 7#c74 ,thereupon at the command of ,keshava1 the destroyer of ,kansa and ,nikumbha1 the beautiful ,apsaras approached the holder of ploughshare prosperous like heaven itself for beholding ,revati and ,rma 7#d74 ,those beautiful-bodied ,apsaras1 endued with charming physical frames1 saluted ,revati and ,rma and began to dance in accompaniment with time4 ,and some of them sang with gestures expressive of every sort of emotion 7#e74 ,according to the command of ,baladeva and the daughter of the ,ravata king they began to display various gestures acquired by them as desired by the ,yadavas 7#f74 ,having dressed themselves after the women of the country of the ,ydavas those thin-built and beautiful damsels sang1 in their language1 songs set to thou sands of tunes 7#g74 ,o hero1 before that assembly they sang various sacred themes conducive to the pleasure of ,rma and ,keshava1 such as the destruction of ,kansa1 ,pralamva1 and ,chanura2 the story of ,janrddana's being tied to the mortar for which his glory was established by ,yashod and he obtained the name of ,damodara2 the destruction of ,aristha and ,dhenuka2 his residence in ,vraja2 the destruction of ,putana2 his uprooting of the trees ,yamala and ,arjuna2 his creation of wolves in time1 the suppression of the wicked king of serpents ,kalya by ,krishna in the lake2 the return of ,madhusudana from that lake with lotuses1 lilies1 conches and ,nidhis2 the upholding of the mount ,govardhana for the benefit of ,gokula by ,keshava1 the source of well-being to the world2 how ,krishna cured the hump-backed woman1 the seller of powdered scents2 these accounts of the ,lord shorn of birth and imperfections4 ,the ,apsaras also described how the ,lord1 though not a dwarf ,himself1 assumed the most wretched dwarfish form2 how ,soubha was slain2 how ,baladeva held up his ploughshare in all these battles2 the destruction of other enemies of the gods2 the battle with the proud kings at the time of the wedding of the ,gndhra princess2 the carrying away of ,subhdr2 the battle with ,vlhaka and ,jamvumli2 and how he carried away all the jewels in the very presence of ,sakra after defeating him 7#g-ad74 ,o king1 while those beautiful women were singing all these and various other themes pleasant and delightful to ,sangkarshana and ,adhokshaja1 the highly beautiful ,balarma1 drunk with ,kadamvari wine1 began to sing with his wife ,revati accompanied with sweet clapping of hands 7#ae-af74 ,beholding ,rma sing thus1 the intelligent1 high-souled and highly powerful ,madhusudana1 in order to please him1 began to sing with ,satya 7#ag74 ,the greatest hero of the world1 ,prtha1 who had come there for the sea-voyage1 also delightedly joined the beautiful ,subhadr and ,krishna in their singing 7#ah74 ,o king1 the intelligent ,gada1 ,srana1 ,pradyumna1 ,shmva1 ,satyaki and the son of ,satyarjit1 the greatly powerful ,chrudeshna also sang there in a chorus4 ,rma's sons1 the greatest of heroes1 the princes ,nishatha and ,ulmukha1 the commander1 ,akrura1 ,sankha and other leading ,bhaimas also sang there 7#ai-bj74 ,at that time1 ,o king1 by ,krishna's power the boats increased in size and ,janarddana sang to his best along with the leading ,bhaimas 7#ba74 ,o heroic prince1 when the immortal-like ,yadu chiefs sang in this way the whole world was filled with joy and sins were dissipated 7#bc74 ,thereupon for pleasing ,keshava1 the slayer of ,madhu1 ,narada1 the guest of the celestials1 began to sing in such a way amongst the ,yadavas that a portion of his matted hairs melted away 7#bc74 ,o prince1 composing the songs there and then1 that ,muni1 of immeasurable energy1 sang them amongst the ,bhaimas again and again with various gestures and motions 7#bd74 ,thereupon beholding ,baladeva1 the daughter of the king ,revata1 ,keshava1 ,pritha's son1 ,satyabhn and ,subhadr1 the intelligent ,rishi smiled repeatedly 7#be74 ,although the wives of ,keshava were patient by nature still the intelligent ,nrada1 ever fond of joking1 with his gestures1 smiles1 motions and with various other means which could excite their laughter1 made them laugh 7#bf74 ,as if instructed the ,divine ,muni ,nrada sang various tunes high and low2 and for pleasing ,krishna he began to laugh aloud and shed tears of joy 7#bg74 ,o ,prince1 then the youthful damsels1 conversant with gestures1 gave away1 at ,krishna's command1 the best jewels of the world1 beautiful raiments1 garlands made in heaven1 ,santnaka flowers1 pearls and other flowers born in all seasons 7#bh-bi74 ,thereupon after the termination of the musical soiree the ,divine ,krishna1 holding the great and incomparable ,muni ,nrada1 by the hand1 jumped into the ocean with ,satyabhm and ,arjuna 7#cj74 ,smiling a little the highly beautiful ,krishna1 of incomparable prowess1 said to ,sini's son--,let us form ourselves into two parties and sport in the water of the ocean with the damsels4 ,in this water of the ocean let ,baladeva and ,revati with my sons and some of the ,bhaimas form one party and let the remaining ,bhaimas and ,bala's sons join my party 7#ca-cb74 ,afterwards the highly confident ,keshava said to the ocean stationed before him with folded hands3--,ocean1 let your water be sweet and shorn of sharks 7#cc74 ,may your bed be adorned with jems and may your banks be worthy of a happy touch by the two feet4 ,and may you1 by my power1 give all that you know of suited to the taste of mankind 7#cd74 ,may you give every sort of drink liked by people and may gentle fishes1 adorned with gold1 sapphires and pearls1 range in your water 7#ce74 ,may you hold jems1 and fragrant1 charming and red lotuses and lilies of sweet touch and served by bees 7#cf74 ,may you hold numerous jars and golden vessels1 from which the ,bhaimas will drink1 of ,maireya1 ,mdhvika1 and ,asava wines 7#cg74 ,o ocean1 be thou of cold water fragrant with the scent of flowers4 ,be thou so very careful that ,ydavas with their women may not suffer any inconvenince 7#ch74 ,o king1 having said this to the ocean ,krishna began to sport with ,arjuna4 ,satrajit's daughter1 well-read in hints given by ,krishna1 sprinkled water on ,narada's body 7#ci74 ,thereupon ,rma1 his body reeling with intoxication1 held lustfully1 with his own hands1 those of ,revati and jumped sportively into the water of the ocean 7#dj74 ,following ,rma the sportive sons of ,krishna1 with their eyes rolling in intoxication and the other leading ,bhaimas1 shorn of their unguents1 raiments and ornaments1 delightedly jumped into the ocean4 ,nishatha1 ,ulmuka and other sons of ,baladeva with garlands of ,santnaka flowers around their neck1 clad in variegated raiments1 drunk and bent on sporting1 as well as the remaining ,bhaimas joined ,keshava's party 7#da-db74 ,the powerful ,yadavas1 having beautiful marks and pastes on their persons1 with watering vessels in their hands1 began to sing songs of sweet tunes and beautifully suited for that place 7#dc74 ,afterwards hundreds of well dressed damsels1 fond of music1 united with ,apsars living in the celestial region1 began to play various notes 7#dd74 ,those youthful damsels1 conversant with playing instruments in the water of the etherial ,ganges1 and having their minds fully possessed by ,cupid1 delightedly played on ,jaladaraura and sang songs in accompaniment with it 7#de74 ,at that time the beautiful celestial dancing girls1 having eyes like lotus petals and adorned with lotus stalks1 assumed the beauty of lotuses blown by the rays of the sun 7#df74 ,o king1 filled with the moon-like faces of those women appearing like hundreds of full moon1 either going there of their own accord or under the decree of the ,providence1 the ocean appeared like the sky adorned with a thousand moons 7#dg74 ,o king1 the cloud-like ocean was beautified with lighting like woman4 ,the lord of waters appeared like clouds in the sky dispersed by lightning 7#dh74 ,thereupon ,nryana1 who had put beautiful marks on his body1 ,nrada and other members of his party sprinkled water on ,baladeva and his party who had also put on beautiful marks4 ,and the latter also sprinkled water on the former 7#di74 ,at that time the wives of ,krishna and ,sangkarshana1 out of intoxication caused by ,vruni wine and worked up with music1 delightedly threw water upon one another with hands and watering instruments 7#ej74 ,the ,bhaimas1 possessed by wine1 ,cupid and self-dignity1 with eyes reddened with intoxication1 threw water upon one another and in this way assumed harsh attitude before the very presence of the ladies3 they did not desist although they sported for a long time 7#ea74 ,beholding thus their too much familiar intercourse1 ,krishna1 the holder of discus1 thought for a moment and then prevented them4 ,he too1 with ,prtha and ,nrada1 desisted from playing on instruments in the water 7#eb74 ,the ,bhaimas1 ever affording delight to their beloved women1 although they were highly sensitive1 at once understood ,krishna's intention as soon as he gave hints and desisted from playing in the water3 but the damsels continued dancing 7#ec74 ,after the termination of the dancing party ,upendra got upon the shore even while the other ,yadavas were in the water4 ,he then gave the best of ,munis ,nrada becoming unguents and afterwards himself partook of them 7#ed74 ,then beholding ,upendra get out of water the incomparable ,bhaimas soon left the water4 ,then purifying their persons with unguents1 they1 with the permission of ,krishna1 retired to the drinking ground 7#ee74 ,seated there in order according to their age and position those well-known heroes refreshed themselves with diverse edibles and drinks 7#ef74 ,thereupon the cooks1 with great pleasure1 brought there cooked meat1 vinegar1 pomegranates and meat of beasts fried on iron rods 7#eg74 ,then a young buffalo1 well-roasted on a rod1 hot1 soaked in clarified butter1 and mixed with vinegar1 ,sochal salt and acid1 was served 7#eh74 ,meat of many fat deer roasted according to the process of skillful cooking1 and sweetened with vinegar was next brought 7#ei74 ,legs of beasts1 mixed with salt and mustard and fried in clarified butter were also served 7#fj74 ,the incomparable ,ydavas1 with great pleasure1 partook of those dishes with the roots of ,arum campanulatum1 pomegranates1 common citrons1 asafaetida1 gingerade and other fragrant vegetables4 ,they then drank in beautiful cups 7#fa74 ,encircled by their beloved damsels they drank various wines such as ,maireya1 ,madhvika and ,asava prepared from the meat of birds roasted on a rod with clarified butter1 acid juice1 salt and sourish articles 7#fb74 ,they also partook of other side dishes1 various fragrant salted edibles of white and red colour1 curd and preparations of clarified butter 7#fc74 ,o king1 ,uddhava1 ,bhoja1 and other heroes1 who did not drink1 delightedly took vegetables1 vegetable-curries1 cakes1 curd and pudding 7#fd74 ,from the drinking vessel named ,plavi1 they drank various fragrant drinks1 milk and butter with sugar and took various sorts of fruits 7#fe74 ,in this way the heroic ,bhaimas were pleased with eating to their fill4 ,afterwards1 they1 having their wives as their companions1 joined the music again with pleasure1 initiated by their consorts 7#ff74 ,thereupon when the night set in the ,divine ,upendra asked all present in the party to go on with the song4 ,chhlikya of various tunes sung by the gods and ,gandharvas 7#fg74 ,o king1 then ,narada began to play on his ,vin which with six scales and ,ragas brings about the concentration of mind1 ,krishna began to perform ,hallishaka accompanied with the music of his flute and ,prtha began to play on his ,mridanga3 other leading ,apsaras played on various other instruments4 ,thereupon after ,asrita1 the beautiful ,rambh1 a clever actress1 rose up1 played and pleased ,rma and ,keshava4 ,afterwards1 ,o king1 ,urvashi1 having beautiful and expansive eyes1 ,him1 ,mishrakeshi1 ,tilottam1 ,menak and other celestial actresses rose up in order and pleased ,hari with singing and dancing4 ,having his mind attracted by their charming singing and dancing ,vsudeva pleased them all with presents after their own heart4 ,o prince1 those honorable and leading ,apsaras1 who had been brought there1 were honored with betel leaves at the desire of ,krishna 7#fh-gb74 ,o king1 thus the various fragrant fruits and the song ,chhlikya1 which were brought from the celestial region out of ,krishna's desire and his favour towards mankind1 were known only to the intelligent son of ,rukshmini4 ,it was he who could use them3 and it was he who distributed betel leaves at that time 7#gc-gd74 ,the ,chhlikya song1 conducive to the well-being1 nourishment1 and prosperity of ,nryana of glorious deeds1 and which was great1 auspicious and productive of fame and piety to mankind1 was sung in chorus by ,indra-like ,krishna1 ,rma1 ,pradyumna1 ,anuvindha and ,shamva 7#ge-gf74 ,this ,chhalikya1 which was sung there1 was capable of bearing the axle of virtue and destructive of sorrow and sin4 ,repairing to the celestial region and hearing this ,chhlikya song the illustrious king ,revata regarded four thousand ,yugas as one day4 ,from it originated the various divisions of the ,gandharvas as ,kumarajati1 c41 7#gg-gh71 ,o king1 as hundreds of lights are produced by one light so various classes of ,gandharvas have emanated from ,chhlikya4 ,o king1 with ,pradyumna and other leading ,bhaimas ,krishna and ,nrada knew all this 7#gi74 ,like unto streams and the water of the ocean people of this world knew ,chhalikya only by illustration4 ,it is possible to know the virtues and weight of the ,himalaya but it is not so1 without practising hard austerities to know the ,murchan and time of ,chhalikya 7#hj-ha74 ,o king1 what of ,chhlikya with six scales and ,ragas men1 with great difficulty1 cannot even come to the end of its eleventh division ,sukumarajati4 ,know it for certain1 ,o king1 that the slayer of ,madhu had so arranged that the gods1 ,gandharvas and great ,rishis might attain to a devotional spirit on account of the virtues of ,chhlikya 7#hb-hc74 ,on account of its being sung by the god1 amongst men1 ,krishna1 before the ,bhaimas for showing favour unto the world1 ,chhlikya1 sung by the immortals only1 attained to such a celebrity1 that formerly on the occasion of a festivity ,bhaima boys used to cite it as an example4 ,and the elders used to approve of their saying and the boys1 youths and old men used to sing it in a chorus4 ,love is the test and not age--to remind the mortals of this virtue of their own race1 the heroic ,ydavas1 the ordainers of ancient religious rites1 did so in the land of mortals4 ,o king1 friendship is known by love2 therefore keeping love before them1 the other ,vrishnis1 ,andhakas and ,dsharhas1 except ,keshava1 used to treat their own sons even as friends4 ,thereupon saluting the delighted ,madhusudana1 the slayer of ,kansa1 the contented ,apsaras returned to the celestial region which too was 7accordingly7 filled with joy 7#hd-hh74 ,a kind of musical instrument played in water4 ,a mode of music of which six are enumerated viz4 ,bhairava1 ,malava ,saranga1 ,hindola1 ,vasanta1 ,dipaka and ,megha3 they are personified in poetry and mythology4 ,a minor dramatic entertainment chiefly of singing and dancing by one male and eight or ten female performers1 a ballet4 ,a kind of musical instrument4 ,a tone or semitone as placed in its scale1 the seventh part of a ,grama or scale4 ,,chapter ,,ccxxxvii4 ,,nikumbha ,,carries ,,away ,,bhanumati4 ,vaishampyana said3--,while the virtuous ,yadavas were thus sporting the highly wicked and unapproachable ,dnava1 ,nikumbha1 the enemy of the gods1 desirous of bringing on his self-destruction1 finding a loop-hole1 stole away the beautiful daughter of ,bhnu by name ,bhnumati 7#a-b74 ,o hero1 formerly1 the daughter of his brother ,vajranbh1 by name ,prabhvati1 had been taken away by ,pradyumna and ,vajranbha had been killed4 ,remembering this former enmity and keeping himself aside that one1 proficient in illusions1 played upon the women of the ,ydavas and stole away ,bhnumati 7#c-d74 ,although the garden1 attached to the female appartment of ,bhnu1 was unapproachable1 still at that time there were no guards for the ,yadavas were busy with their sports4 ,taking advantage of this weak moment the wretched ,dnava carried away the maiden 7#e74 ,o thou the victor of armies1 while that weeping maiden was being carried away there arose all on a sudden a great tumult in the female appartment 7#f74 ,hearing lamentations in the female appartment of ,bhnu1 the heroes1 ,vasudeva and ,ahuka issued out1 filled with wrath4 ,and not seeing the offender before them1 they1 in that dress1 went where the highly powerful ,krishna was 7#g-h74 ,hearing of that great insult1 ,janrddana1 the slayer of his enemies1 rode1 together with ,prtha1 ,garuda the enemy of the serpents 7#i74 ,having commanded the hero having the emblem of a ,makara on his flag to follow him on his car he asked ,kashyapa's son ,garuda to proceed 7#aj74 ,o king1 before ,nikumbha1 unconquerable in battle1 could reach the city of ,vajra1 ,prtha and ,krishna1 the slayers of their enemies1 overtook him in the way 7#aa74 ,beholding them the highly powerful ,pradyumna1 the foremost of those conversant with illusions1 divided himself into three portions 7#ab74 ,on the other hand1 ,nikumbha1 like unto an immortal1 smilingly fought with them all with heavy clubs 7#ac74 ,holding the maiden ,bhnumati by his left hand1 the great ,asura ,nikumbha repeatedly hurled the club with his right hand4 ,although thus assailed1 ,keshava1 ,kma 7,pradyumna7 and ,arjuna1 none1 could strike him ruthlessly lest they might wound the maiden 7#ad-ae74 ,o king1 although capable of slaying that irrepressible enemy they began to sigh piteously out of their excessive compassion for the maiden 7#af74 ,as when a serpent gets round a camel1 a man1 well up in the use of arms1 strikes the serpent leaving the camel to itself1 so ,prtha1 the foremost of archers1 began to strike the ,daitya with his arrows 7#ag74 ,in pursuance of the rules of art1 their training and reasoning1 ,prtha1 ,kma and ,krishna did not strike the maiden but wounded the ,danavas with their cane-like arrows 7#ah74 ,thereupon resorting to his illusory powers ,nikumbha so disappeared with the maiden from that place that nobody could know it3 ,krishna1 ,kma and ,dhananjaya however immediately pursued him3 he1 however1 went on assuming the semblance of a yellow vulture 7#ai-bj74 ,thereupon saving the maiden1 the heroic ,dhananjaya assailed him again with cane-like arrows piercing his very vitals 7#ba74 ,thus pursued by those heroes that great ,asura1 the slayer of his enemies1 travelled all over the earth consisting of seven insular continents and dropped down with the maiden at last on the bank of the river ,chela ,gang flowing on the summit of the mount ,gokarna 7#bb-bc74 ,none amongst the gods1 ,asuras or great ascetics could cross that mountain protected by the energy of ,mahadeva 7#bd74 ,finding this weak point of ,nikumbha1 the ,bhaima chief ,pradyumna1 invincible in battle and quick coursing1 got hold of the maiden ,bhnumati4 ,and ,krishna1 and ,arjuna began to assail the ,asura greatly with arrows4 ,then leaving the northern range of the mount ,gokarna1 ,nikumbha fled to the southern range4 ,both the ,krishnas however1 riding on ,garuda1 pursued him 7#be-bf74 ,gradually the great ,asura entered into ,shatpura1 the abode of his kinsmen and those two heroes spent the night at the mouth of the cave4 ,with ,krishna's permission the heroic son of ,rukshmini delightedly took ,bhaima's daughter to the city of ,dwrak4 ,and keeping her there he returned to ,shatpura1 full of ,dnavas and beheld the two ,krishnas of dreadful prowess at the mouth of the cave 7#bg-bi74 ,thus occupying the entrance of the city of ,shatpura the highly powerful ,krishna and ,arjuna1 desirous of slaying ,nikumbha1 waited there with ,pradyumna 7#cj74 ,thereupon desirous of fighting the highly powerful ,nikumbha came out of the cave1 ,o king1 no sooner he came out of the cave than ,dhananjaya1 with arrows shot off his ,gandiva bow1 obstructed the thorough-fair4 ,in spite of it ,nikumbha1 the foremost of the powerful1 came out1 took up his club covered with thorns and struck ,prtha on his head 7#ca-cc74 ,thus assailed with that club ,pritha's son vomitted blood and lost his consciousness4 ,the ,asura1 master of illusions1 smilingly struck the heroic son of ,rukshmini1 the foremost of those conversant with illusions1 who was waiting with his face against him4 ,wounded on the head with that unseen stroke of the club the heroic ,pradyumna lost his consciousness4 ,beholding them thus assailed and insensible ,govinda1 having ,gada as his elder brother1 beside himself with anger1 took up his club ,koumodaki and ran towards ,nikumbha4 ,those two irrepressible heroes1 roaring1 fought with each other 7#cd-cg74 ,riding his elephant ,airvata along with the gods ,sachi's ,lord began to witness that dreadful combat like unto the battle between the celestials and ,asuras4 ,beholding the gods ,hrishikesha1 the slayer of his enemies1 tried to kill the ,dnavas in a wonderful battle1 desirous of doing good unto the gods 7#ch-ci74 ,whirling his ,koumodaki1 the large-armed ,keshava1 conversant with military science1 displayed many wondrous manoeuvres 7#dj74 ,nikumbha too1 the foremost of ,asuras1 by virtue of his training hurled his club1 covered with many thorns1 and displayed various manoeuvres 7#da74 ,at that time they fought like two roaring bulls for a cow1 two roaring elephants and two leopards worked up with anger 7#db74 ,o ,bhrata1 thereupon setting a highly dreadful shout1 he1 with his club1 set with eight bells1 struck ,krishna having ,gada as his elder brother4 ,he too hurling his huge club threw it on ,nikumbha's head 7#dc-dd74 ,at that time holding idle for a moment his ,koumodaki club the intelligent preceptor of the world1 ,hari fell down insensible on earth 7#de74 ,o king1 while the high-souled ,vasudeva was reduced to this plight the whole world was filled with lamentations4 ,with the cool water of ,mandkini mixed with ambrosia1 the king of gods himself sprinkled ,keshava4 ,o king1 ,krishna1 the foremost of gods1 did so of his own accord1 or else who can render the high-souled ,hari insensible8 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 thereupon regaining his consciousness1 ,krishna1 the slayer of his enemies1 took up his discus and asked the wicked ,asura to bear it 7#di74 ,at that time casting off his body there the irrepressible ,nikumbha1 a great ,myvin1 went away4 ,keshava however could not know it 7#ej74 ,thinking that either he was dead or on the point of death and remembering the obligations of the heroes he did not strike him who was fallen4 ,thereupon regaining their consciousness ,pradyumna and ,arjuna came there and considering ,nikumbha dead stood by ,krishna 7#ea-eb74 ,afterwards coming to know of the real truth ,pradyumna1 conversant with illusions1 said to ,krishna3--,o father1 the wicked ,nikumbha is not here4 ,he has fled somewhere else 7#ec74 ,no sooner ,pradyumna said this than ,nikumbha's body disappeared4 ,seeing it the powerful ,lord1 with ,arjuna1 laughed 7#ed74 ,o heroic king1 few minutes after they saw all over the earth and welkin thousands of ,nikumbha4 ,the spectators also saw the heroic ,krishna1 ,prtha and ,rukshmini's son in innumerable forms4 ,it appeared indeed wonderful 7#ee-ef74 ,at that time amongst those great ,asuras some held ,prtha's bow1 some his huge arrows1 some his hands and some his feet 7#eg74 ,thus when the innumerable bodies of ,prtha were caught the ,asuras carried away the heroic ,dhananjaya to the sky4 ,thus when separated from ,prtha the heroic ,krishna and his son pierced ,nikumbha with numerous shafts4 ,still they could not see his end4 ,one ,nikumbha1 divided into twain1 became two4 ,thereupon seeing every thing correctly by his celestial wisdom the ,divine ,lord ,krishna1 the origin of the present and future and the slayer of ,asuras1 saw the true form of ,nikumbha1 the creator of illusions and the stealer of ,dhananjaya4 ,and before the presence of all creatures he1 with his discus1 cut off his head 7#eh-fb47 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 when his head was thus sundered that foremost of ,asuras1 leaving aside ,dhananjaya1 fell down like an uprooted tree 7#fc74 ,o giver of honors1 at that time ,prtha was about to drop down from the sky4 ,at ,krishna's mandate his son held him up 7#fd74 ,when ,nikumbha thus fell down on earth the deity ,krishna consoled ,keshava and with him repaired to ,dwarak 7#fe74 ,having returned delightedly to ,dwarak the ,lord ,krishna1 ,o descendant of ,yadu1 and the foremost of ,dsharhas1 saluted the high-souled ,narada 7#ff74 ,thereupon the highly energetic ,nrada said to ,bhnu3--,o descendant of ,bhaima1 do not consider yourself insulted on account of your daughter being carried away 7by another74 ,o ,bhnu1 listen to great cause hereof 7#fg74 ,o hero1 on one occasion while sporting in the garden of ,raivata1 this your daughter excited the anger of the foremost of ,munis ,durvs who wrath fully imprecated a curse on her saying3--',she is very much ill-mannered and she must fall into the hands of an enemy4' ,at that time1 myself along with other ,munis1 propitiated him on behalf of your daughter saying3--',muni1 ,o foremost of the pious1 dost thou1 informed of the essence of religion as thou art1 imprecate a curse on this innocent girl who is observing her religious obligations8 ,we request thee to show favour into her' 7#fh-gj74 ,o ,bhaima chief1 after we had said this ,durvs stood with his face down for a moment and then stricken with compassion said3--',what ,i have said will prove true4 ,it will never be otherwise4 ,forsooth she will fall into the hands of an enemy4 ,although thus fallen into the hands of an enemy she will not be virtually contaminated2 and she will obtain a beautiful husband1 will be lucky1 a mother of many sons and mistress of immense riches2 this thin-built lady will always have beautiful fragrance around her person1 will always remain youthful and will forget the sorrow consequent upon her being carried away by the enemy 7#ga-gd7'4 ,o hero1 thus it had been pre-ordained so for ,bhanumati before2 do you now confer her on ,sahadeva for that son of ,pandu is virtuous1 respectful and heroic 7#ge74 ,thereupon regarding the words of ,nrada1 the virtuous souled ,bhima gave away ,bhuumati to ,madri's son ,sahadeva 7#gf74 ,having sent an emissary ,keshava1 the holder of discus1 had brought ,sahadeva there4 ,after the wedding ceremony was over1 he1 with his wife1 returned to his own city4 ,the man1 who reverentially listens to this conquest of ,krishna or reads it1 acquires success in every business 7#gg-gh74 ,,chapter ,,ccxxxviii4 ,,the ,,destruction ,,of ,,vajranabha3 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,prabhavati4 ,janamejaya said3--,o ,muni1 ,o thou the foremost of the pious1 ,i have listened to an account of the stealing away of ,bhnumati1 the conquest of ,keshava1 the bringing of ,chllikya from the celestial region1 and the god-like sport of the ,vrishnis of incomparable energy in the ocean and many other wonderful subjects4 ,while describing the destruction of ,nikumbha you have mentioned that of ,vajranbha4 ,o ,muni1 ,i am now curious to hear this 7#a-c74 ,vaishampyana said3--,o great king1 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 hear1 ,i shall now describe the destruction of ,vajra nbha with an account of the victories of ,kma and ,shmva 7#d71 ,o victor of armies1 a great ,asura1 celebrated by the name of ,vajranbha1 practised hard austerities on the summit of the mount ,sumeru4 ,pleased with his penances the ,divine ,brahm1 the grand-father of the world1 asked him to pray for a boon 7#e-f74 ,o king ,janamejaya1 thereat1 that foremost of ,dnavas prayed for two boons that even the gods might not kill him1 and that he might get the city ,vajra where even the air cannot easily enter1 which gives every sort of desired-for objects even when they are not thought of1 which has gardens encircled by walls1 many branch cities1 and peerless jems of every description 7#g-i74 ,by that boon he got what he wanted and the great ,asura ,vajranbha lived in the city of ,vajra 7#aj74 ,o king1 seeking refuge with that great ,asura who had obtained this boon1 millions of demons lived in that city of ,vajra1 in his garden and in many charming branch cities4 ,o king1 the enemies of the gods lived there1 healthy1 well-fed and contented 7#aa-ab74 ,once on a time1 elated with the pride of the boon given in his favour and that of his city the wicked ,vajranbha got himself ready to impede the course of the world4 ,o king1 approaching the king of gods he said ,o slayer of ,pka1 all the three worlds are the common properties of all the high-souled sons of ,kashyapa4 ,i therefore wish to govern the three worlds4 ,if you1 ,o king of gods1 do not approve of my proposal1 give me battle 7#ac-ae74 ,o descendant of ,kuru1 hearing the words of ,vajranbha1 ,mahendra1 the foremost of celestials1 consulted with ,vrihaspati and said3--,o gentle one1 our father1 the ascetic ,kashyapa1 is now engaged in a sacrifice4 ,after its termination he will do what is fair 7#af-ag74 ,thereupon the ,dnava went to his father ,kashyapa and expressed his desire4 ,kashyapa said what the king of gods had communicated 7#ah74 ,o son1 go now to the city of ,vajra and live there controlling yourself4 ,after the termination of the ,yajna ,i will do what is fair 7#ai74 ,thus addressed ,vajranbha returned to his own city4 ,thereupon ,mahendra went to the city of ,dwravati having many doors and communicated secretly to ,vsudeva what ,vajranbha had said4 ,thereat ,janrddana said ,o ,vsava1 the horse-sacrifice of ,vasudeva is now at hand4 ,after its termination ,i will kill ,vajranabha 7#bj-bb74 ,o lord1 ,o refuge of the pious1 even the wind cannot enter into his city if ,vajranbha does not wish it4 ,at a convenient hour we will concert measures for entering there 7#bc74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 honored by ,vsudeva's son in his horse-sacrifice the king of gods set out 7#bd74 ,even before the termination of ,vasudeva's sacrifice the heroic ,vsava and ,keshava1 the foremost of celestials1 began to think of means for entering into the city of ,vajra 7#be74 ,during the celebration of ,vasudeva's sacrifice an actor1 by name ,bhadra1 pleased the great saints with his beautiful acting4 ,the leading ,munis then asked him to pray for a boon4 ,thereupon saluting those best of ,munis assembled in the horse-sacrifice1 the actor ,bhadra1 resembling the king of gods himself1 as desired by ,krishna and as if urged on by the goddess of learning1 prayed for the following boon 7#bf-bh74 ,the actor said3--,o foremost of ,munis1 may ,i become the food of all the twice-born ones3 may ,i range over the earth consisting of seven insular continents3 may ,i1 without any obstruction1 range all over the sky3 may ,i be gifted with strength and be not slain by all creatures mobile and immobile4 ,may ,i assume any form ,i like either of one born1 dead or immediately born4 ,may not decrepitude overtake me and may the ,munis always remain pleased with me 7#bi-cb74 ,o king1 the ,munis said ,so be it4 ,that immortal-like one began to range all over the earth consisting of seven insular continents4 ,he began to show his performances in the cities of the ,dnava kings1 in ,uttarakura1 ,bhadrshwa1 ,ketuml and the island of ,kalmra4 ,on the occasion of every ,parva1 that great actor1 who had obtained the boon1 used to come to ,dwarak adorned with the ,yadavas 7#cc-ce74 ,thereupon1 one day1 the ,divine ,sakra1 the king of gods1 said to ,dhrtarshtra swans3-,o celestial birds1 although you are the carriers of the gods and the pious1 still you are our brothers on account of your being begotten by ,kashyapa 7#cf-cg74 ,now the great duty of killing the enemies of the gods awaits us4 ,you should satisfy it4 ,but take care1 don't divulge the counsel 7#ch74 ,if you do not obey the commands of the gods you will meet with a hard punishment4 ,o foremost of swans1 you can go anywhere you like 7#ci74 ,therefore going to the most excellent city of ,vajranabha where no one else can enter you should range in the tanks of his inner appartment 7#dj74 ,vajranbha has a jewel of a daughter1 peerless in beauty1 in the three worlds1 by name ,prabhvati who is fair like the rays of the moon 7#da74 ,i have heard that her mother has obtained that beautiful daughter by virtue of the boon conferred by the goddess ,haimavati 7#db74 ,o ,swans1 her friends have kept that beautiful and chaste maiden for ,swayemvara and she too will select a husband of her own accord4 ,do you describe to her the various accomplishments1 family1 beauty1 character1 and age1 of the high-souled ,pradyumna 7#dc-dd74 ,when you will find that the chaste daughter of ,vajranbha has felt some attachment for ,pradyumna1 take carefully her news to ,pradyumna and return with his message to her4 ,in this work of an emissary you should1 according to your intelligence1 govern your eyes and faces4 ,you should thus do me a good turn now 7#de-dg74 ,o swans1 what more shall ,i speak1 you should describe all these accomplishments of ,pradyumna to her1 which will likely attract ,prabhvati's mind2 you should communicate to me and to my younger brother ,krishna at ,dwravati daily what happens there 7#dh-di74 ,you should thus exert yourselves so long as the self-controlled ,lord ,pradyumna does not carry away ,vajranbha's daughter 7#ej74 ,those ,dnavas1 elated with the pride of the boon conferred by ,brahm1 are not to be slain by the gods4 ,so their destruction in the battle-field should be brought about by ,pradyumna and other sons of gods 7#ea74 ,an actor1 ,bhadra by name1 has of late obtained the boon 7of entering into his city74 ,so the ,yadavas1 headed by ,pradyumna1 will enter into ,vajranbha's city in his guise 7#eb74 ,o ,dhrtarshtras1 you are to do all that ,i have said4 ,besides for doing me this good you should do what more crops up in time4 ,o swans1 to enter into the city of ,vajra depends on his will4 ,the gods cannot enter there by any means whatsoever 7#ec-ed74 ,,chapter ,,ccxxxix4 ,,the ,,celestial ,,swans ,,go ,,to ,,the ,,city ,,of ,,vajra ,vaishampyana said3--,o king1 from before the swans used to go to the city of ,vajra4 ,so hearing the words of ,vsava they at once went there 7#a74 ,o hero1 those birds jumped into the charming tanks filled with golden lotuses and lilies which could be touched4 ,although they had come many a time before they now astonished all with their polished and sweet words 7#b-c74 ,o king ,janamejaya1 speaking in sweet words those celestial swans ranged in the tanks of ,vajranbha's inner appartment and became his great favorites4 ,he then said to those ,dhrtarstras the following words 7#d-e74 ,you speak these sweet words because you always live in the celestial region4 ,come here always whenever you will know of a great festival in my house4 ,o swans living in the celestial region1 regard this house of mine as your own and enter here confidently 7#f-g74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 thus addressed by ,vajranbha those birds entered into the palace of the king of ,dnavas3 for the work of the gods they spoke like men and made acquaintance with all speaking various words 7#h-i74 ,at that time the women1 who were living in the palaces of ,kashya pa's sons 7,dnavas7 partakers of all forms of blessings1 attained to great delight on hearing of that beautiful account of the swans 7#aj74 ,thus ranging in the inner appartment of ,vajranbha1 the swans saw his beautiful and smiling daughter ,prabhvati and made her acquaintance 7#aa74 ,amongst them the goose ,shuchimukhi contracted friendship with the princess of charming smiles 7#ab74 ,relating hundreds of beautiful stories ,shuchimukhi created the confidence of ,vajranbha's daughter and one day she said to her 7#ac74 ,o ,prabhvati1 ,i consider you the most beautiful in the three worlds as regards your beauty1 character and accomplishments4 ,i wish to tell you some thing 7#ad74 ,o you of beautiful smiles1 your youth is almost gone3 that which is gone does not return like the water of a stream 7#ae74 ,there is no other happiness to women greater than enjoyment with men in this world4 ,i tell you the truth1 ,o auspicious lady 7#af74 ,o you of fair limbs1 although ordered by your father to make a free choice1 why do you not select one of the gods or ,asuras as your husband8 7#ag7 ,o youthful lady1 many a bridegroom1 endued with beauty1 heroism and other accomplishments1 come here and go away disregarded4 ,o lady1 when you do not like a bridegroom becoming your family and beauty1 why should then1 ,o you of fair limbs1 ,rukshmini's son ,pradyumna1 who has none in the three worlds equal to him1 in bravery1 accomplishments1 pedigree and beauty1 come here 7#ah-bj78 ,o you of a beautiful waist1 although he is a man of men1 that highly powerful and virtuous-souled one shines like a god amongst the gods and like one of them amongst the ,dnavas 7#ba74 ,seeing him the women cannot cheque their natural love as the cow cannot cheque its milk and the stream its water 7#bb74 ,i dare not compare his face with the full-moon1 his eyes with lotuses and his gait with that of a lion 7#bc74 ,o fair lady1 what more shall ,i say8 ,the powerful ,lord ,vishnu1 having brought ,cupid 7the limbless god1 ,ananga7 under his subjection as one of his limbs1 has created him as his son1 extracting the very essence of the world 7#bd74 ,he was stolen away1 in his childhood1 by the sinful demon ,shamvara3 having slain him and kept his character unscathed he learnt all his illusory powers 7#be74 ,all the accomplishments1 that are worthy of being sought for in the three worlds1 and all those that you can imagine1 exist in ,pradyumna4 ,in his effulgence he is like fire1 in patience he is like earth1 in lustre he is like a lake4 ,hearing it ,prabhvati said to ,suchimukhi 7#bf-bg73 ,o gentle lady1 ,i have heard many a time from the conversation between my father and the intelligent ,nrada that ,vishnu is living in the land of men 7#bh74 ,with burning cars1 ,shrnga 7bow7 and club he has consumed the races of the ,daityas4 ,o honourable lady1 he is the great enemy of the sons of ,diti and should be shunned by them4 ,the king of ,danavas collects information about ,vishnu from the ,asuras who live in the branch cities for his well-being4 ,o you of sweet smiles1 every woman wishes that the family of her husband may be superior to that of her father4 ,if you however can find out any means for bringing him here you will show me a great favour and purify our family4 ,i ask you1 ,o you of sweet words1 tell me how ,pradyumna1 born in the family of ,vrishnis1 may become my husband4 ,i have learnt from the conversation of elderly ,asura women that ,hari is a great enemy of the ,daityas and gives them great trouble4 ,i had heard before how ,pradyumna was born and how the powerful ,shamvara was killed by him4 ,what more shall ,i say8 ,pradyumna is always present in my heart4 ,but the means by which ,i may be united with him is solely wanted4 ,o friend1 learned you are no doubt2 still as a maid servant of yours1 ,i appoint you as my emissary4 ,point out to me the means by which ,i may be united with him4 ,thereupon consoling her ,suchimukhi smilingly said3--7#bi-ch74 ,o you of sweet smiles1 ,i will go there as your emissary and communicate to him your great devotion 7#ci74 ,o you of beautiful waist1 ,o you of sweet smiles1 ,i will so exert that he may come here and you may become the consort of ,cupid 7#dj74 ,o you of fair eyes1 regard what ,i have said as true4 ,communicate to your father that ,i speak cleverly2 you will reap a great benefit therefrom4 ,thus spoken to by the goose ,prabhvati acted accordingly4 ,the king of ,dnavas said to the goose in his inner apartment4 ,o beautiful ,suchimukhi1 ,prabhvati has communicated to me about your cleverness in speaking4 ,do you describe to us becoming stories4 ,tell us what wonders you have seen in this world1 not seen before by any and whether worthy or unworthy of being seen by others4 ,o king1 the goose then said to ,vajranbha 7#da-de74 ,o foremost of ,dnavas1 ,i have seen an intelligent saintly lady1 by name ,shndili1 perform a wonderful feat by the side of the mount ,sumeru 7#df74 ,that ,shandili1 the good friend of the auspicious daughter of the mountain chief 7,uma7 is large-minded and a great benefactress of the world 7#dg74 ,i have also seen the auspicious actor1 who has obtained a boon from the ,munis1 who can assume shapes at his will1 who always gives food to all in the three worlds and is liked by all4 ,o sinless hero1 that actor travels always in ,uttarakuru1 the island of ,kalamra1 ,bhadrshwa1 ,ketumal1 and other islands4 ,he knows many songs and dances of the gods and ,gandharvas4 ,and with his dancing he surprises the gods 7#dh-ej74 ,vajranabha said3--,o goose1 ,i had heard of this many a time before4 ,the high-souled ,siddhas and ,chranas had mentioned this to me 7#ea74 ,o daughter of a bird1 ,i am also stricken with curiosity for seeing that actor who has obtained this boon4 ,but there is none to speak of those accomplishments of mine to him1 hearing which he will come to me 7#eb74 ,the goose said3--,o foremost of ,asuras1 that actor is an appreciator of merits4 ,hearing of accomplished persons he travels over the seven insular continents4 ,o great ,asura1 if he hears of your great accomplishments1 know him as already arrived here 7#ec-ed74 ,vajranabha said3--,o auspicious daughter of a bird1 ,o goose6 may good betide you4 ,do you so arrange that the actor may come here 7#ee74 ,thus despatched on an errand by ,vajranbha1 the swans went to ,krishna and the king of gods and communicated to them every thing 7#ef74 ,hearing it ,adhokshaja engaged ,pradyumna in the work of acquiring ,prabhvati and killing ,vajranbha 7#eg74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 resorting to his celestial ,my ,hari sent the ,bhaimas there disguised as actors 7#eh74 ,they dressed ,pradyumna as the hero1 ,shmva as his fool1 ,gada as his companion and dressed other ,bhaimas with becoming dresses4 ,leading dancing girls were the fit heroines of that party4 ,the actor ,bhadra and his party were also suitably dressed4 ,thereupon ascending the cars driven by ,pradyumna1 the great car-warrior ,yadavas set out on the mission of the highly powerful celestials4 ,o king1 at that time they all assumed the semblances of men and women as necessary though they were men4 ,thereupon they arrived at ,supura1 a dependant city of ,vajra 7#ei-fc74 ,,chapter ,,ccxl4 ,,the ,,yadavas ,,arrive ,,at ,,the ,,city ,,of ,,asuras ,,as ,,actors4 ,vaishampyana said3--,thereupon king ,vajrambha ordered the ,asuras living in their own cities1 ,give them most excellent rooms 7#a74 ,treat them as guests1 give them various jewels and various raiments which please people 7#b74 ,receiving the order of their ,chief they did all this4 ,and arriving there1 the actors too1 heard of before1 excited their curiosity 7#c74 ,with great delight they welcomed the actor with presents of jewels 7#d74 ,thereupon the actor1 who had obtained the boon1 pleased highly the citizens of ,supura with his dancing 7#e74 ,they gave a performance of the great epic ,rmyana3 the birth of the incomparable ,vishnu for the destruction of the king of ,rakshasas 7,ravana7 7#f74 ,how ,lomapda and ,dasharatha had brought for ,shnta1 the ,muni ,rishwashringa through prostitutes 7#g74 ,in that performance the actors so perfectly personated the characters of ,rma1 ,lakshmana1 ,shatrughna1 ,bharata1 ,rishwashringa and ,snta1 that even the elderly ,dnavas were startled and spoke repeatedly of the similarity of their appearances 7#h-i74 ,seeing their dresses1 acting1 entrance and introduction the ,dnavas were filled with wonder4 ,with particular parts of the performance the ,asuras were so much pleased and attracted that they repeatedly rose up1 expressed their appreciation and gave away charming necklaces of gold and ,vaidurja1 bracelets and cloths4 ,after receiving their remuneration the actors1 with separate slokas1 eulogised the ,asuras in order of their family and birth 7#i-ac74 ,o king1 afterwards the inhabitants of the dependant cities communicated to ,vajra nbha the arrival of the beautiful actors 7#ad74 ,o ,bhrata1 the king of ,daityas had already heard of it4 ,now pleased he sent a messenger to bring the actor4 ,at the mandate of the king of ,dnavas1 the ,daityas1 living in branch cities1 took the ,yadavas1 disguised as actors1 to the charming city of ,vajra 7#ae-af74 ,for their accomodation1 a beautiful house1 built by the celestial architect1 was offered1 and necessary articles1 by hundreds1 were given them 7#ag74 ,there upon having set up a beautiful pandal the great ,asura1 ,vajranbha1 made a great festival with the actors 7#ah74 ,after they had been relieved of toil the highly powerful ,vajranbha gave profuse jems and requested them to begin the play 7#ai74 ,o king1 having kept the women of his family behind a screen at a place from which they could see all1 the great ,asura himself sat with his kinsmen 7#bj74 ,then dressing themselves as actors1 and arranging for the concert the ,bhaimas1 of dreadful deeds1 went on with the performance 7#ba74 ,they first played various tunes on musical instruments1 as ,kansya1 ,venu1 ,muraja etc4 ,afterwards the women1 brought by the ,bhaimas1 sang the ,gandharva song ,chhalikya1 delightful to the mind and ears 7#bb-bc74 ,then with seven scales1 ,gndhra and others1 three ,grmas1 and with ,rgas1 ,vasanta and others1 they sang sweetly the song of the sacred discension of ,ganga 7#bd74 ,hearing that sweet song of the coming down of ,gang set in time and tune ,asuras rose up again and again and pleased the actors 7#be74 ,for some business the powerful ,pradyumna1 who had assumed the guise of an actor1 ,gada and ,shmva conducted the ,nndi4 ,after the termination of the ,prologue ,rukshmini's son sang the hymn1 accompanied with beautiful gestures1 of the descension of ,gang4 ,afterwards they began the performance of the drama ,rambhbhisara1 ,shura acted the part of ,rvana1 ,monovati represented ,rambh1 ,pradyumna ,nalakuvara and ,shmva his ,vidushaka ,by their illusory powers the ,ydavas represented the scene of ,kailsha 7#bf-bi74 ,they acted how the wicked ,rvana was imprecated by ,nalakuvara1 worked up with anger and how ,rambh was consoled 7#cj74 ,after the performance of this drama1 the glory of the high-souled ,nrada by the heroic ,ydavas1 the ,dnavas were pleased with the dancing of the highly powerful ,bhaimas4 ,they gave them costly apparels1 jewelleries1 necklaces set with costly jems1 beautiful balloons1 cars ranging in the sky1 elephants coursing in the etherial region1 cool and celestial sandal1 ,agura1 and other scents and the valuable jem ,chintmani which gives all that is thought of4 ,giving away presents in this way at every scene those ,dnavas were deprived of their riches and jewels4 ,even the women of the ,danava-,chiefs shared the same fate 7#ca-cg74 ,on the other hand1 ,prabhvati's friend ,suchimukhi said to her3--,o you of fair beauty1 ,i had gone to the charming city of ,dwrak protected by the ,bhaimas4 ,o you of sweet smiles and beautiful eyes1 ,i saw ,pradyumna there secretly and told him about your love for him1 ,o you having lotus eyes4 ,pleased he has appointed this evening for meeting you 7#ch-dj74 ,o you of a beautiful waist1 the ,bhaimas never speak an untruth2 verily to-day you will meet your love 7#da74 ,hearing it ,prabhvati1 filled with joy1 said to the goose3--,o fair lady1 to-day wait in my room and sleep here4 ,if you live by me ,i do not fear any body4 ,with you ,i wish to see ,keshava's son4 ,the goose said to her lotus eyed friend ,prabhvati ,so it will be4 ,afterwards with ,prabhvati1 she went up to her quarters 7#db-dd74 ,thereupon in the upper storey of that house constructed by the celestial ,architect1 ,prabhvati began to make arrangements against ,pradyumna's arrival4 ,after the completion of the arrangements1 the goose1 with ,prabhvati's permission1 went away speedily like air for bringing ,kma4 ,going to ,kma who was living in the guise of an actor that one of sweet smiles said ,you will see her to night4 ,and returning speedily she said to ,prabhvati1 ,o you of expansive eyes1 console yourself2 ,rukshmini's son is coming 7#de-dh74 ,thereupon seeing a fragrant garland filled with bees carried for ,prabhvati1 the highly powerful and self-controlled hero1 ,pradyumna1 the slayer of his enemies1 sat there on assuming the form of a bee4 ,that garland1 covered with black-bees1 was taken by the maid servants to the inner appartment and kept near ,prabhvati4 ,o gentle king1 when gradually evening set in1 the other bees fled away4 ,then having none to follow him the heroic ,bhaima chief slowly sat on ,prabhvati's ear 7#di-ec74 ,thereupon beholding the highly charming full moon arise there ,prabhvati1 a clever speaker1 said to the goose1 ,o friend1 my limbs are burning1 my mouth is being dried up and my heart is filled with curiosity4 ,what is the name of this disease8 ,the newly-risen full moon of cool-rays is liked by all4 ,it is still creating anxiety in me as if it is not liked by me4 ,oh fie on the nature of a woman6 ,i have not seen him--,i have wanted him after only hearing of him--still my limbs are burning4 ,i am saying so of my own accord lest my love may not come4 ,alas6 ,if he does not come ,i will meet the same fate with the silly lily4 ,alas6 ,although ,i am self-controlled still ,i have been bitten by serpent-like ,cupid 7#ed-eh74 ,the rays of the moon are by nature cool1 delightful and charming4 ,but1 wonder1 they are scorching my body4 ,the wind1 carrying the filaments of various flowers1 is cool by nature1 still it is scorching my beautiful frame like forest-fire 7#ei-fj74 ,i am thinking of being patient1 but my weak mind1 shattering my resolution1 does not allow me to do so4 ,forsooth1 losing control over my mind1 ,i will run mad and be killed1 for my heart is trembling and ,i am looking again and again wildly 7#fa-fb74 ,eulogium of a king or praise of a deity recited in benedictory verses at the commencement of a religious ceremony or the opening of a drama4 ,a drama describing the going away of ,rambha in search of her lover4 ,something like a fool attached to the ,royal ,courts4 ,,chapter ,,ccxli4 ,,pradyumna ,,appears ,,before ,,prabhavati ,,and ,,marries ,,her4 ,vaishampyana said3--,afterwards thinking ,this maiden has been completely possessed by me4 ,krishna's son delightedly said to the goose3--,tell the daughter of the ,daitya king1 that in the guise of a black-bee1 ,i have come here along with other black-bees1 attached to the garland 7#a-b74 ,i am now at present under her command4 ,let her do what she likes to do with me4 ,saying this1 the beautiful husband of ,rati appeared there in his own form 7#c74 ,at that time the house was lighted up with the effulgence of the person of the intelligent ,madana4 ,and the beautiful rays of the moon were put to shame 7#d74 ,as the lord of waters 7the ocean7 rises with the lord of night 7moon7 on a ,parva day1 so ,prabhvati's ocean of love increased on seeing ,kma 7#e74 ,then turning her eyes a little with bashfulness1 ,prabhvati1 having eyes like lotuses1 sat there with her face cast down 7#f74 ,seeing it ,pradyumna held1 with his own1 the hands of thin-built and beautiful ,prabhvati bedecked with handsome ornaments4 ,then with hairs of his body standing erect he said3--,why have you cast down your face resembling the full-moon and acquired after desiring for it a hundred times8 ,why do you not speak with me 7#g-h7 ,o you of a fair face1 do not crush the effulgence of your countenance4 ,cast off your fear and favour this servant of yours4 ,there is no more time1 ,o timid girl4 ,the hour for my return has well-nigh arrived4 ,i pray to you with folded hands1 shake off your fear4 ,as you are peerless in beauty and fidelity so according to the condition of time and place favour me by a ,gandharva marriage 7#i-aa74 ,thereupon touching fire existing in the jem 7he put on7 and reciting the mantra the ,bhaima hero ,pradyumna performed the ,homa ceremony with flowers4 ,thereupon holding ,prabhvati by the arm embellished with most excellent ornaments he circumambulated the fire of the jem 7#ab-ac74 ,o king1 at that time to keep the honor of ,achyuta's son1 ,hutshana1 the divine lord of effulgence1 the witness of virtue and sin in the world1 blazed up4 ,thereupon settling in his mind about the ,dahshin 7money-gift7 the heroic descendant of ,yadu said to the goose3--,o bird1 remaining at the gate1 do you guard us 7#ad-ae74 ,hearing it the goose saluted him and went away4 ,afterwards spending the whole night he1 early in the morning1 went to the theatre4 ,although reluctant ,prabhvati gave him farewell1 and he too1 thinking in his mind of the beauty of his love1 went away4 ,thus awaiting the orders of ,indra and ,keshava1 the ,bhaimas1 for the great work1 lived there disguised as actors4 ,keeping the secret close those high-souled ones awaited the hour when ,vajranbha would go out for conquering the three worlds4 ,o king1 as long as ,kashyapa was engaged in his sacrifice so long there did not take place any dissension between the high-souled and virtuous celestials and the ,asuras ready for conquering the three worlds 7#af-bd74 ,thus while the intelligent ,ydavas were waiting there for the proper hour there appeared the rainy season delightful to all creatures 7#be74 ,the swans1 fleet like the mind1 used daily to carry the intelligence of the highly powerful princes to ,shakra and ,keshava4 ,thus well protected by those ,dhrtarashtras the highly powerful ,pradyumna used to spend every night with the beautiful ,prabhvati 7#bf-bg74 ,the ,asuras1 possessed by ,death1 could not perceive that they had been surrounded by the swans and actors in the city of ,vajra at the command of ,vsava 7#bh74 ,by and by1 well protected by the swans the heroic son of ,rukshmini began to spend even the day in ,prabhvati's house 7#bi74 ,o descendant of ,kuru1 on account of his illusory powers1 one half of his body used to appear on the stage--and with the other half he lived with ,prabhvati4 ,the ,asuras used to envy the high-souled ,yadavas for their prosperity1 humility1 character1 sportiveness1 cleverness1 simplicity and learning4 ,their women used to envy the ,ydava women for their beauty1 luxury1 scents1 pure words and conduct 7#cj-cb74 ,o king1 ,vajranbha's illustrious brother ,sunbha had two beautiful and accomplished daughters--one of them was named ,chandravati1 and the other ,gunavati4 ,they daily used to go to ,prabhvati's house 7#cc-cd74 ,one day seeing ,prabhvati engaged in love affairs in her house they asked her about it on account of their confidence in her love for them 7#ce74 ,she said3--,i possess a learning which can soon bring a desired-for husband and gives prosperity4 ,it has such a wonderful power1 that whoever1 may he be a ,dnava or god1 is thought of he at once comes losing all control over himself4 ,by the power of this learning ,i sport with the son of a god4 ,see1 by my power1 ,pradyumna has become my most favourite4 ,seeing him1 endued with beauty and youthfulness1 they were filled with wonder 7#cf-ch74 ,afterwards smiling gracefully the beautiful ,prabhvati again addressed to her sisters words suited to the time3--,the gods are always engaged in virtuous acts1 ascetic penances and are truthful3 on the other hand the great ,asuras are haughty1 fond of pleasures and untruthful4 ,so the gods are superior1 for victory is there where reign virtue1 asceticism and truth 7#ci-da74 ,i will instruct you in this learning2 you may select two celestial youths as your becoming husbands4 ,by my power you will soon get them 7#db74 ,hearing it the two sisters said to ,prabhvati having beautiful eyes ,so it will be4 ,thereupon when the honorable daughter of ,vajranbha asked ,pradyumna about it he mentioned the names of his uncle ,gada and the hero ,shmva for both of them were beautiful1 accomplished and valiant 7#dc-dd74 ,prabhavati said3--,formerly pleased with me ,durvsa conferred on me this learning3 it gives good luck and always preserves maidenhood 7#de74 ,the great saint said3 ,he1 whom amongst the gods1 ,dnavas and ,yakshas you will think of1 will be your husband4 ,i desired for this hero4 ,do you take this learning and you will in no time be united with your loves4 ,thereupon1 ,o king1 those two beautiful daughters of ,sunbha1 filled with joy1 accepted the learning from the mouth of their sister and practised it4 ,then they thought of ,gada and ,shmva4 ,covered with illusion by ,pradyumna those two heroic ,bhaimas entered there with him4 ,those two heroes1 fond of the pious and the slayers of their enemies1 espoused them according to ,gandharva rites after reciting the mantras4 ,of them ,gada married ,chandravati and ,keshava's son ,shmva ,gunavati4 ,thus awaiting the orders of ,sakra and ,keshava those leading ,yadus lived there happily with ,asura girls 7#df-ea74 ,,chapter ,,ccxlii4 ,a ,,description ,,of ,,the ,,rainy ,,season4 ,vaishampyana said3--,in the rainy season1 while looking at the sky filled with clouds ,kma having1 a countenance like the full moon1 said to ,prabhvati of beautiful eyes3 ,o fair lady1 see there appears the moon of beautiful rays covered with clouds like your face covered with hairs4 ,o you of fair eye-brows1 see the lightning on the cloud looks beautiful like your handsome gold ornament4 ,o you of fair limbs1 the clouds are discharging torrents of rain like unto your necklace 7#a-c74 ,the cranes1 emerging in the drops of water1 are shining like the rows of your teeth4 ,o you of fair eye-brows1 the lotuses being under water1 the tanks full of streams do not look beautiful 7#d74 ,the clouds adorned with crane1 like beautiful and clean teeth1 are appearing like elephants1 with huge tusks1 about to fight with one another in the forest 7#e74 ,o you of beautiful limbs1 like unto circlets on your forehead the three coloured rain-bow1 adorning the sky and clouds1 is gladdening the damsels 7#f74 ,expanding their large feathers1 the pea-hens looking perfectly beautiful in the company of their mates and delighted at the muttering of clouds1 are dancing and emitting notes in return 7#g74 ,displaying their charming beauty for a moment on the turrets other peacocks are dancing on the roofs of the houses1 white like the moon 7#h74 ,with their feathers exhausted1 the beautiful peacocks1 adorning for a moment the tops of the trees1 are again going to the naked ground in fear of new grown-grass 7#i74 ,the delightful wind1 proceeding from cool drops of rain1 like sandal-paste1 is blowing carrying the fragrance of ,sarj and ,arjuna flowers the very friend of ,cupid 7#aj74 ,o you of a fair body1 had not this wind brought new showers and removed the exhaustion of sporting it would not have been so much liked by me 7#aa74 ,what is dearer to men in this season of the union of lovers than the approach of this fragrant wind 7#ab78 ,o you of fair body1 beholding the banks of the river overflown with water swans exhausted1 and united with ,srasas and ,krounchas1 are delightfully going to find out quarters after their heart 7#ac74 ,o you of beautiful eyes1 on the departure of the ,swans and ,sarsas emitting notes like the clatter of car-wheels1 the rivers and tanks1 shorn of beauty1 do not appear charming any more 7#ad74 ,the goddess sleep1 informed of the true character of the rainy season and ,hari1 having saluted the most beautiful ,sree1 has sought refuge with ,upendra1 the lord of the world1 lying down for rest in the celestial region 7#ae74 ,o you having lotus eyes1 the divine ,upendra having fallen asleep the shining moon1 covered with cloth-like cloud1 is imitating the colour of his countenance 7#af74 ,seeking to please ,krishna1 all the seasons are showering all sorts of flowers and bringing garlands of ,kadamva1 ,neepa1 ,arjuna and ,ketaka 7#ag74 ,all the flowers1 and trees1 with the elephants1 having their faces soiled with poison1 and filled with bees1 are exciting great curiosity in men 7#ah74 ,as if seeing the sky1 pressed down by the weight of clouds surcharged with water1 your beautiful face1 breast and thighs have entered into a ditch 7#ai74 ,beholding these charming clouds as if adorned with garlands of cranes it appears that they are showering grains on earth for the behoof of the world 7#bj74 ,as a powerful king makes the infuriated wild elephants fight with his own so the wind is setting clouds surcharged with water against one another 7#ba74 ,the clouds are pouring unearthly water1 purified by air and delightful to sparrows1 peacocks and other birds sprung from eggs 7#bb74 ,as the twice-born ones1 fond of truth and religion1 recite the ,riks encircled by their pupils1 so the bulls are roaring with cows in the pasture ground 7#bc74 ,one of the virtues of the rainy season is that women take pleasure in living always in the company of their lovers 7#bd74 ,o beautiful lady1 the only defect that ,i perceive of the rainy season is that the moon1 resembling your countenance1 does not come in view1 having his body possessed by the cloud-like ,graha 7#be74 ,in this season when the moon appears in view at the interval of an approaching cloud1 the people1 as if with delight1 behold a friend returning from a foreign country 7#bf74 ,their eyes1 on beholding the moon1 the witness of the lamentations of women suffering from separation1 enjoy that festivity which those of the women1 separated from their lovers1 do on seeing them4 ,so it appears to me3 but this is not the fact 7#bg74 ,the view of the moon is like a festival to the eyes of those women who are united with their lovers1 and is like a forest-fire to those who suffer from separation1 so the moon is the source of both pleasure and pain to women 7#bh74 ,in your father's city there is the effulgence of the rays of the moon even in its absence2 so you cannot form an idea of the merits and demerits of the moon and for this ,i praise him before you 7#bi74 ,by practising hard austerities which are resorted to by the pious he has attained to the region of ,brahm which others can with difficulty acquire and is worshipped by all4 ,the ,brhmanas celebrate the glories of the great ,soma in sacrifice with ,sman verses 7#cj74 ,when the sacrificial fire was being brought by ,pururav from the region of the ,gandharvas it was spoiled on the way4 ,while searching that place a fig-tree was seen4 ,collecting fuels from that tree the three fires were engendered4 ,so it is that the moon1 the lord of trees and herbs1 revived the spoiled fire from the fig-tree4 ,chandra 7the moon7 is the father of ,budha1 the author of most excellent deeds whose son was the king ,pururav 7#ca74 ,o beautiful lady1 formerly when his ambrosial body was drunk by the dreadful ,munis the high souled ,soma desired for ,urvasi1 the foremost of ,apsaras 7#cb74 ,in his family the intelligent ,ayu attained to the celestial region1 through the tips of the ,kusa grass and secured the dignity of a demi-god and the heroic ,nahusa acquired the dignity of the king of gods 7#cc74 ,the moon1 in whose family1 the ,divine ,lord ,hari1 the creator of the world is born1 for a work of the gods1 as a ,bhaima chief1 remains always encircled by the daughters of ,daksha 7#cd74 ,in his family was born the high-souled ,vasu1 as if the flag of his race1 who1 by his deeds1 attained to the dignity of a ,lord ,paramount2 the king ,yadu1 the foremost of the lunar race1 in whose family1 the ,bhojas1 resembling the king of gods1 were born and who became the ,lord ,paramount1 was also born in the family of the moon 7#ce-ef74 ,o you having lotus eyes1 in ,yadu's family1 born in the lunar race no king has been born who is wily1 atheistic1 unrespectful1 ugly and coward 7#cg74 ,you are the daughter-in-law of an accomplished prince as you are the mine of accomplishments4 ,therefore bow unto ,iswara fond of the pious4 ,o lady1 the foremost of ,purusha ,nryana1 the refuge of the grand-father1 the gods and the worlds1 is your father-in-law4 ,bow unto him 7#ch-ci74 ,,chapter ,,ccxliii4 ,,vajranabha ,,wants ,,to ,,conquer ,,the ,,celestial ,,region4 ,vaishampyana said3--,after the termination of the sacrifice of ,kashyapa of incomparable energy the gods and ,asuras repaired to their respective habitations 7#a74 ,after the end of the sacrifice ,vajranbha too1 desirous of conquering the three worlds1 went to ,kashyapa who told him 7#b71 ,o ,vajranbha1 hear what ,i say if you think my words are worthy of your hearing4 ,sakra is the eldest of you all and the foremost in accomplishments3 he is endued with great ascetic powers1 is strong by nature1 devoted to the ,brhmanas1 grateful1 the king of the whole world and the refuge of the good and the pious4 ,because he is engaged in the well-being of all creatures he has obtained this sovereignty over the world 7#c-e74 ,o ,vajranabha1 you will not be able to vanquish him but yourself will be killed4 ,as one who excites the anger of a serpent meets with his own destruction1 so you will in no time be destroyed 7#f74 ,o ,bhrata1 as a man1 desirous of meeting with death having his limbs tied by the noose of ,death1 does not take medicine so ,vajrnbha did not approve of the words of ,kashyapa 7#g74 ,having saluted ,kashyapa1 the preserver of the world1 that highly wicked and irrepressible one began to make arrangements for conquering the three worlds 7#h74 ,o king1 he collected his kinsmen1 warriors1 and friends4 ,he first set out for conquering the region of the celestials 7#i74 ,at that time the highly powerful deities ,indra and ,upendra had sent the ,swans there for bringing about ,vajranbha's destruction 7#aj74 ,hearing of this intelligence from the ,swans the high-souled and the highly powerful ,yadus thus consulted and thought3--,forsooth ,vajranbha will be killed now by ,pradyumna4 ,but ,vajranbha's daughter and ,sunbha's daughters are their devoted wives4 ,they are all enciente and the time for their delivery is near at hand4 ,what should we do now8 ,having settled this they asked the swans to communicate every thing truly to ,sakra and ,keshava1 and they did so to those two gods4 ,they said to the ,swans3--,no fear3 you will have beautiful sons like ,kma endued with all accomplishments2 even when in the womb they will master all the ,vedas with their auxilliaries4 ,your sons will at once grow to youth and they will be masters of all future topics and various scriptures 7#aa-ag74 ,o ,lord1 thus spoken to the ,swans returned to the city of ,vajra and communicated to the ,bhaimas what ,sakra and ,keshava had said 7#ah74 ,prabhvati gave birth to a son1 omniscient and youthful after his father 7#ai74 ,the son ,chandraprabha1 resembling ,gada1 whom ,chandravati gave birth to after a month1 was equally youthful and omniscient 7#bj74 ,gunavati too gave birth to a similiarly beautiful son by name ,gunavn1 youthful and omniscient 7#ba74 ,these ,yadu boys began to grow up in the palaces of ,indra and ,upendra mastering all the ,shastras4 ,they used to move about on the turrets of the palaces and at the desire of ,indra and ,upendra they were seen 7by the ,daityas72 know it for certain 7#bb-bc74 ,as soon as they saw them the ,daityas1 stationed in the sky1 respectfully communicated it to ,vajranbha who was desirous of conquering the celestial region 7#bd74 ,hearing it the irrepressible king of ,asuras1 ,vajranbha said3--,arrest them who have trespassed into my house 7#be74 ,o descendant of ,kuru1 thereat ordered by the intelligent king of ,asuras the soldiers guarded all the quarters4 ,according to the mandate of the ,asura king1 the destroyer of his enemies1 there arose on all sides exclamations1 ,arrest them speedily kill them 7#bf-bg74 ,hearing it the mothers1 fond of sons1 began to weep in fear4 ,pradyumna encouraged them1 saying3--,so long we are alive and firm you need not fear4 ,may you fare well4 ,the ,daityas will not be able to do any thing to us4 7#bh-bi74 ,he then said to the bewildered ,prabhvati3--,o lady1 your father1 uncles1 brothers kinsmen and other relatives are waiting with clubs in their hands4 ,for you they deserve our respect and honor4 ,but the time is very dreadful4 ,the ,dnava kings1 desirous of killing us1 will fight with us4 ,if we bear it we shall have to die4 ,if we fight we will meet with success4 ,consult with your two sisters and tell us what we should do for we are now under your orders 7#cj-cc74 ,placing her hands on her forehead and kneeling down ,prabhvati1 weeping1 said to ,pradyumna3--,o descendant of ,yadu1 ,o slayer of your enemies1 take up your arms and protect yourself4 ,if you yourself survive you will see your wife and sons4 ,remember the honarable ,vaidarbhi and ,aniruddha and save yourself from this peril 7#cd-cf74 ,o son of ,upendra1 the great and intelligent ,rishi had conferred on me the boon that ,i would lead a blameless life for ever1 would not be a widow and my sons would live4 ,i have this hope that the words of the ,rishi1 effulgent like the sun and fire1 will not be falsified 7#cg-ch74 ,saying this and rinsing her month1 the intelligent ,prabhvati1 the jem of a woman1 handed over a sword to ,rukshmini's son had gave him a boon1 saying1 ,acquire victory 7#ci74 ,bending low his head and bowing unto it the virtuous souled ,pradyumna delightedly accepted the sword offered by his devoted wife 7#dj74 ,chandravati delightedly gave to ,gada one ,nishtringsha and ,gunavati gave another such weapon to the highly powerful ,shmva 7#da74 ,thereupon the powerful ,pradyumna said to ,hansaketu who saluted him ,o slayer of enemies1 remain here with ,shmva and fight with the ,dnavas4 ,i will fight in the sky1 protecting all the quarters1 with the slayer of the enemies4 ,saying this ,pradyumna1 the foremost of those conversant with illusions1 created a car with his ,my4 ,he made the thousand-headed ,nga ,ananta1 the foremost of their class1 his charioteer 7#db-dd74 ,as fire ranges on grass1 so he1 ascending that best of cars1 and gladdening ,prabhvati1 began to move about in the midst of the ,asura army 7#de74 ,with crescent-shaped arrows1 dreadful like serpents1 some with sharp heads and some blunt he began to assail the sons of ,diti 7#de74 ,the ,asuras too1 resolute and maddened with battle fury1 with various weapons struck the lotus-eyed son of ,kamala's lord 7#dg74 ,krishna's son cut off the arms of some decked with ,keyuras and the heads of many 7#dh74 ,the heads and bodies of the ,asuras1 sundered with the razor of the highly powerful ,pradyumna1 filled the surface of the earth4 ,the king of gods1 the victor of armies1 along with the gods1 began to witness with pleasure the battle between the ,daityas and ,bhaimas 7#dh-ej74 ,the ,daityas1 who ran after ,gada and ,smva1 met with destruction like a boat in a mighty ocean 7#ea74 ,thereupon ,hari1 the lord of gods1 seeing that dreadful battle1 sent his own car to ,gada and asked ,mtali's son ,suvarchh to become its driver4 ,the ,lord ,indra sent his ,airvata to ,shmva and engaged ,pravara to ride it4 ,he sent ,jayanta as an assistant to ,rukshmini's son 7#eb-ed74 ,with the permission of ,brahm1 the creator of the world and the guide of all good works1 ,sakra1 well-read in the regulations of all good works1 had sent there the car driven by ,mtali's son and the ,airvata with the celestial youth ,jayanta and the best of the twice-born ,pravara 7#ee-ef74 ,thinking ,his ascetic virtue is gone and this wicked one is to be killed by the ,yadavas the ,bhutas entered wherever they liked 7#eg71 ,gradually entering into their palaces the highly powerful ,pradyumna and ,jayanta began to destroy the ,asuras with a net-work of arrows 7#eh7 ,krishna's son1 invincible in battle1 then said to the irrepressible ,gada3--,o ,upendra's younger brother1 the king of gods has sent for you this car with the horses4 ,the highly powerful son of ,mtali is its driver4 ,this elephant ,airvata1 ridden by ,pravara1 has been sent for ,shmva 7#ei-fj74 ,o younger brother of ,acyuta1 there will be a great ,puj of ,rudra at ,dwrak to-day4 ,after its termination the highly powerful ,hrishikesha will come here to-morrow4 ,according to his orders we will kill this sinful ,vajranbha together with his kinsmen who is elated with the pride of conquering the city of gods 7#fa-fb74 ,methinks1 we should so carefully concert measures that he may not kill us with our sons 7#fc74 ,the destruction of one's own sons in this world is more than his death4 ,therefore the learned should protect their sons by all means 7#fd74 ,having thus commanded ,gada and ,shmva the highly powerful ,pradyumna made1 by his illusory power1 millions of his own self and dispelled the dreadful darkness created by the ,daityas4 ,seeing him1 the destroyer of enemies1 the king of gods was highly pleased 7#fe-fi74 ,as the ,divine soul lives in all human souls so the creatures saw ,krishna's son in every one of the enemies 7#fg74 ,the highly powerful son of ,rukshmini thus fighting the night elapsed and three fourths of the ,asuras were killed 7#fh74 ,at that time when ,jayanta repaired to the ,ganges issuing from ,vishnu's feet for reciting his evening prayers1 ,krishna's son fought alone with the ,daityas4 ,and afterwards when ,pradyumna recited his evening prayers in the etherial ,gang the highly powerful ,jayanta alone fought with the ,daityas 7#fi-gj74 ,,chapter ,,ccxliv4 ,,the ,,destruction ,,of ,,vajranabha ,vaishampyana said3--,thereupon after the sun1 the eye of the world1 had risen for three ,muhurttas the deity ,hari came there riding on ,garuda1 the enemy of the serpents #a4 ,o descendant of ,kuru1 the king of birds ,garuda1 coursing more quickly than even the swans1 air and the wind1 went to ,sakra in the etherial region 7#b74 ,coming near ,vsava1 the lord ,krishna duly blew the conch ,panchajunya which increased the fear of the ,daityas 7#c74 ,hearing that sound ,pradyumna1 the slayer of his enemies1 came near ,his father ,keshava who said to him ,speedily kill ,vajraalbha 7#d74 ,afterwards he again said to him ,go there on ,garuda's back ,saluting the foremost of celestials ,indra and ,upendra he did so4 ,o emperor ,bhrata1 riding on ,garuda1 fleet like the mind ,pradyumna approached his great rival ,vajranbha 7#e-f74 ,seated on ,garuda firmly the the heroic ,pradyumna1 well read in the use of all weapons1 struck ,vajranbha 7#g74 ,the highly powerful ,vrajranbha was wounded on the breast with a club by the high-souled ,krishna's son seated on ,garuda4 ,that ,daitya hero1 sorely mailed by ,pradyumna with his club1 lost consciousness2 and bewildered like one dead he vomitted blood again and again 7#i74 ,thereat ,krishna's son1 irrepressible in battle1 told him ,be consoled4 ,thereupon on regaining his consciousness in a moment the heroic ,vajranabha said to ,pradyumna3--,well done6 ,oh highly powerful ,yadava4 ,by your prowess you have become an illustrious enemy of mine4 ,now is the time for me to strike you in return2 wait here firmly 7#aj-aa74 ,saying this and roaring like a hundred clouds the king of ,daityas discharged1 with great force1 a huge club adorned with bells4 7#ab74 ,o king wounded sorely on his forehead with that club that foremost of ,yadus1 ,pradyumna1 vomitted blood and lost his conciousness 7#ac74 ,seeing it the divine ,krishna1 the slayer of his enemies1 blew his ,panchajanya conch as if consoling his son4 ,at the sound of that ,panchanjanya bow the highly powerful ,pradyumna revived and stood up4 ,o ,bhrata1 beholding ,pradyumna consoled1 all the worlds especially ,indra and ,keshava were greatly delighted 7#ad-ae74 ,o ,janamejaya1 afterwards according to ,krishna's desire his discus1 set with thousands of sharpened axles and destructive of the ,daityas1 came into the hand of his son4 ,saluting the high souled ,indra and ,upendra he discharged it for destroying his enemy4 ,o ,bhrata1 that discus1 discharged by ,nryana's son1 separated ,vajranbha's head from his body before the very presence of the ,daityas 7#af-ah74 ,the dreadful ,sunbha1 bent upon killing his enemies and taking delight in battles1 was killed by ,gada in the battle-field although he was very careful4 ,with sharpened arrows ,shmva1 the aggrandiser of his enemies1 converted in the battle-field1 the enemies of the immortals into the family members of ,yama4 ,after the destruction of the great ,asura ,vajranbha1 ,nikumbha1 in fear of ,nryana1 fled to the city of ,shatpura 7#ai-ba74 ,in this way1 after the irrepressible enemy of the gods1 ,vajranabha had been slain1 the two high-souled ,haris came down to the city of ,vajra 7#bb74 ,having consoled the boys and old persons stricken with fear those two foremost of celestials established peace there 7#bc74 ,o king1 thereupon following ,vrihaspati's advice and consulting 7with him7 about the present and future 7arrangements7 the highly powerful and great ,indra and ,upendra divided ,vajranbha's kingdom into four parts4 ,o king1 one-fourth of that kingdom1 gained by conquest1 was given to ,jayanta's son ,vijaya1 one-fourth to ,pradyumna's son1 one-fourth to ,shmva's son and the remaining one-fourth to ,gada's son ,chandraprabha 7#bd-bf74 ,o king1 with great pleasure ,sakra and ,keshava divided into four parts also the four koti villages and one thousand prosperous branch cities like the town of ,vajra of the kingdom of ,vajranbha4 ,o hero1 the heroic ,vsava and ,keshava also divided1 into four parts1 various warm clothings1 deer-skin1 cloths and jewels 7#bg-bh74 ,thereupon those heroic kings1 the great descendants of ,sakra and ,mdhava1 were annointed there before the ,rishis by the gods ,sakra and ,krishna with the water of ,gang issuing from ,vishnu's feet1 accompanied with the music of celestial bugles 7#bi-cj74 ,vijaya1 from before1 could range in the etherial region1 ,mdhava's descendants1 on account of the virtues inherited from their mother1 practised it also 7#ca74 ,having thus installed them all the ,divine ,vsava said to ,jayanta ,o heroic victor of armies1 it behoves you to protect all these kings4 ,o sinless one1 of them one is a perpetuator of my race and the other three are born in the family of ,keshava4 ,by my command none amongst creatures will be able to kill them4 ,they will acquire practice of going to the celestial region and ,dwarak protected by the ,bhaimas through the etherial way4 ,give them1 as they like1 elephants born from those of the quarter1 horses born from the race of ,ucchaisrava and chariots constructed by the celestial ,architect himself 7#cb-ce74 ,o hero1 give ,gada and ,shmva two sons of the elephant ,airavata capable of coursing in the sky named ,shatrunjaya and ,ripunjaya by which these two ,bhaimas may come here by the etherial way for seeing their sons and may return to the city of ,dwaravati protected by the ,bhaimas 7#cf-cg74 ,having issued this command the divine ,purandara returned to the celestial city and the ,lord ,keshava to ,dwarak 7#ch74 ,the highly powerful ,pradyumna1 ,gada and ,shmva waited there for six months4 ,and after the kingdoms of their sons had been firmly established they returned to ,dwrak 7#ci74 ,o immortal-like king1 those kingdoms still exist by the side of the mount ,sumeru and will flourish so long the world subsists 7#dj74 ,after the termination of the war of clubs and the departure of the ,vrishnis to the celestial region ,gada1 ,pradyumna and ,shmva repaired to the city of ,vajra 7#da74 ,o king1 after living there for a long time1 they1 by their respective virtuous deeds and the favour of ,janrddana1 the ,creator of the world1 again returned to the celestial region4 ,o king1 ,i have thus described the history of ,pradyumna4 ,it showers blessings1 fame and long life and destroys the enemies4 ,dwaipayana has said that the sons and grandsons1 of the persons who reads or hears it1 become freed from diseases and multiply riches and health4 ,he also attains to great fame 7#db-dd74 ,,chapter ,,ccxlv4 ,,the ,,celestial ,,architect ,,builds ,,dwaraka ,vaishampyana said3--,krishna1 seated on ,garuda's back1 saw the city of ,dwrak1 resembling the abode of the celestials1 filled with echoes on all sides1 the mount ,mani1 sporting-houses1 gardens1 forests1 turrets and court-yards1 7#a-b74 ,after the arrival of ,devaki's son ,krishna at the city 7of ,dwrak71 the king of gods sent for the celestial ,architect and said3--,o foremost of artizans1 if you wish to do what pleases me1 do you1 for satisfying ,krishna1 make his beautiful city more exquisite4 ,o foremost of gods1 encircling it with hundreds of gardens do you build the city of ,dwrak after that of the celestials 7#c-e74 ,adorn the city of ,dwravati with all the jems that you will see in the three worlds1 for the highly powerful ,krishna1 rising up for all the works of the gods1 always plunges into the dreadful ocean of war4 ,thereupon repairing to the city of ,dwravati at the words of ,indra ,vishwakarm adorned it after ,amarvati4 ,beholding the city of ,dwrak adorned by ,viswakarma with all celestial materials and having accomplished all his objects the ,lord ,nryana ,hari1 the master of ,dshrhas and ever riding on a bird1 entered there4 ,while he entered the city of ,dwrak embellished by ,vishwakarm he saw beautiful trees 7#f-aj74 ,he saw that the city was encircled by ditches filled with lotus-stalks resembling the rivers ,gang 7,ganges7 and ,sindhu 7,indus71 and in which were sporting the swans 7#aa74 ,as the sky is covered with gold-hued clouds so that city looked beautiful with sunny walls made of gold set on 7the roofs of7 the houses 7#ab74 ,encircled with gardens resembling ,nandana and ,chaitraratha ,dwarak appeared beautiful like the sky stricken with clouds 7#ac74 ,on its eastern side shone a beautiful gate made of gold and jems and the picturesque hill ,raivataka with its charming table-land1 caves and yards4 ,on the south were bushes adorned with creepers of five colours and on the west was one of the colour of a rain-bow4 ,o king1 the yellow mountain ,venumn1 resembling ,mandara1 was beautifying the north4 ,the forests of ,chitrak1 ,panchavarna1 ,pnchajanya and ,sarvartuka were enhancing the beauty of the mount ,raivataka 7#ad-ag74 ,there were also the beautiful forests of ,bhrgava and ,pushpaka huge like the mount ,meru1 which were covered with creepers extending to the roots of the trees 7#ah74 ,there were also the forests of ,shatavarta and ,karavirakarambhi beautified by the trees of ,ashoka1 ,veejaka and ,mandra4 ,the huge forests of ,chaitra1 ,nandana1 ,ramana1 ,bhvana and ,venumat were extending their beauty on all sides4 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 on the east were the great river ,mandkini adorned with ,vaidurja and lotus leaves and a charming tank4 ,requested by ,vishwakarma numberless gods and ,gandharvas1 for pleasing ,keshava1 had adorned the table-lands there4 ,with fifty mouths1 the sacred river ,mandkini entered into the city of ,dwrak and gladdened the inhabitants thereof4 ,looking at the city of ,dwrak of incomparable beauty1 encircled by ditches and walls1 painted with yellow paints and embellished with sharpened ,shataghnis and iron discuses ,krishna saw that eight thousand cars1 adorned with net-works of bells and flying banners1 had made the city look beautiful like that of the celestials 7#ai-bf74 ,he saw the firmly established city ,dwrak eight yojanas in length and twelve in breadth with double the number of colonies4 ,that city1 consisting of eight highways and sixteen crossings1 was as if so made by ,ushan himself with one road1 that even the women1 what to speak of the ,vrishnis1 could easily fight there4 ,viswakarm had laid out seven high roads for the arrangement of soldiers 7#bg-bi74 ,beholding the palaces of the illustrious ,dshrhas1 in that best of cities1 delightful to men1 containing golden and jewelled stairs1 filled with dreadful echoes and abounding in courtyards ,devaki's son was highly pleased4 ,the turrets of those palaces were adorned with flags1 leaves and trees4 ,those palaces were adorned with golden domes resembling the summits of the mount ,meru4 ,the tops of the houses1 as if covered with golden flowers and others of five colours1 imitated the beauty of mountains with charming summits and caves4 ,filled with noise like unto the muttering of clouds and burning like forest-fire those houses1 built by ,viswakarm1 were looking like so many mountains and filled the sky with effulgence like the sun and moon4 ,the city was embellished with forest trees and the noble ,dshrhas4 ,the city of ,dwrak1 adorned with cloud-like houses and the gods ,vsudeva and ,indra1 looked like the welkin stricken with variegated clouds4 ,the house1 built by ,vishwakarma for the ,divine ,vsudeva1 was four yojanas in length and the same in breadth4 ,the house of the incomparable and the greatly rich ,vsudeva was adorned with palaces and false mountains4 ,the great ,vishwakarm built that house under ,vasava's orders 7#c-dj74 ,vishwakarm made a highly beautiful golden palace huge like the highest summit of the mount ,sumeru for ,rukshmini4 ,it was named ,knchana4 ,satyabhm had a yellow-coloured house adorned with flags effulgent like the clear sun and having stairs set with jewels4 ,it was celebrated by the name of ,bhagavn4 ,that well-furnished and best of palaces1 which had huge flags all around it1 and which used to put on a new appearance every moment1 was built for ,jmvavati4 ,vishwakarm built another palace by the name of ,meru1 which was effulgent like burning fire and gold1 and huge like the summit of the mount ,kailsha and the ocean4 ,keshava accomodated the accomplished daughter of the king of ,gndhra in that house 7#da-dh74 ,for ,bhaima was built a house by the name of ,padmakula4 ,it was of the hue of a lotus1 highly effulgent and had a high and picturesque turret4 ,o foremost of kings1 ,keshava1 the holder of ,shrnga bow1 had for ,lakshman built a house by name1 ,suryaprabh in which were available all objects of desire 7#di-ej74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 the green palace1 the effulgence of which imitated the lustre of ,vaidurya and which was known all over the world by the name of ,para1 that ornament of palaces where the great ,rishis used to resort1 was set apart for ,vsudeva's queen ,mitravind 7#ea-eb74 ,that best of palaces1 built by ,viswakarm like a mountain1 which was spoken high of even by the gods and which was celebrated by the name of ,ketumn1 was intended for ,keshava's queen ,suvrt 7#ec-ed74 ,amongst those palaces1 the most beautiful and lustrous1 by name ,viraj1 which the celestial ,architect ,viswakarm built with his own hands1 and which extended over a ,yojana and contained jems of every description1 was the court of the high-souled ,keshava4 ,in that palace of ,vasudeva's were placed flags with golden standards and pennons marking the roads4 ,keshava1 the foremost of the ,yadu race1 had brought there the great mountain ,vaijayanta and diverse other celestial jewels 7#ee-eh74 ,the highly powerful ,viswakarm1 with the help of the ,kinnaras and the great ,ngas1 had brought and placed there1 before the very eyes of the creatures1 the well-known summit of the mount ,hansakuta near the lake ,indra dyumna which was sixty ,tlas high and extended over half a ,yojana4 ,viswakarm had uprooted and brought for ,krishna the golden chariot of ,sumeru lying in the path of the sun and the most excellent golden summit with hundreds of lotuses known all over the three worlds 7#ei-fb74 ,in compliance with ,indra's request and in the interest of a great work ,twast had brought that highly beautiful summit containing all sorts of herbs 7#fc74 ,keshava himself had carried away the ,prijta tree and kept it in ,dwaraka4 ,while bringing it ,krishna1 of wonderful deeds1 had to fight with the gods guarding that tree1 ,rafts made of gold and jems1 lotuses and fragrant jewelled lotuses used to float on the water of the lakes and tanks which were dug for ,krishna and adorned with trees covered with jewelled flowers and fruits and hundreds of golden lotuses4 ,the huge ,shla1 ,tla and ,kadamva trees1 with hundreds of branches1 beautified the picturesque bank of those lakes4 ,vishwakarm1 for ,krishna1 the best of the ,yadu race1 had brought and planted at ,dwrak all the trees that grow on the mountains ,sumeru and ,himalaya4 ,at all the boundary lines of the gardens were planted trees that yeild fruits in all the seasons and those crested with white1 yellow1 red1 green and pink flowers4 ,the edges and water of the delightful streams and lakes1 which were in that best of cities1 was on the same level4 ,and the sandal there was like green sugar4 ,in some of the rivers flowers used to float always2 their banks were adorned with various trees and creepers and the sand was of the colour of golden sugar4 ,the trees of the city1 resorted to by maddened peacocks and coels1 used to look highly beautiful4 ,the herds of elephants1 cows1 buffaloes1 boars1 deer and birds used to live happily in that city4 ,in this way ,vishwakarm had made in that beautiful city high golden palaces with hundreds of turrets1 huge mountains1 rivers1 lakes1 forests and gardens 7#fd-gf74 ,,chapter ,,ccxlvi4 ,,krishna',s ,,entrance ,,into ,,dwaraka ,,and ,,reception4 ,vaishampyana said3--,thus looking at ,dwraka1 ,krishna1 of most excellent eyes1 saw his own house consisting of hundreds of palaces4 ,he saw there a million of white jewelled pillars1 a gate with jems lustrous like fire and a number of effulgent golden seats placed here and there4 ,for his court a huge palace had been made entirely of gold with crystal pillars4 ,he also saw beautiful and big lakes1 with its water full of lotuses and fragrant red lotuses resorted to by maddened peacocks and coels1 with golden and jewelled stairs and adorned with various other trees4 ,that house was encircled by ,viswakarma with stone walls hundred yards high which were girt with ditches4 ,after the measurement of ,indra's palace the celestial ,architect had built that house on a plot of land measuring half a yojana on all sides4 ,seated on ,garuda's back she saw that sable-hued palace 7#a-h74 ,he then blew his conch the sound of which made the hairs of his enemies stand erect4 ,at that sound the ocean was greatly agitated and the sky resounded4 ,indeed it appeared very wonderful 7#i74 ,hearing the sound of ,panchajanya conch-shell and seeing ,garuda all the members of the ,kukura and ,andhaka families were freed from sorrow 7#aj74 ,beholding ,keshava effulgent like the sun1 with conch-shell1 discus1 and club in his hands1 seated on ,garuda1 the citizens attained to an excess of joy4 ,thereupon they began to beat trumpets1 blew bugles and set up leonine shouts4 ,afterwards beholding the slayer of ,madhu the ,kukuras1 ,andhakas and other ,dsharhas began to approach him with great delight 7#aa-ac74 ,placing ,vasudeva before him and accompanied with the sound of conch-shells and trumpets1 the king ,ugrasen repaired to ,vsudeva's palace4 ,devaki1 ,rohini and ,ahuka's wives began to move about with joy in their own houses4 ,a few moments after1 ,hari whom serve ,indra and other gods1 arrived at the appointed house 7#ad-af74 ,having got down at the entrance of his house1 ,krishna1 the foremost of the ,yadu race1 showed proper respect to all the ,yadus4 ,and himself honored by ,rma1 ,ahuka1 ,gada1 ,pradyumna and others he entered into his residence with the mountain of jewels 7#ag-ah74 ,rukshmini's son ,pradyumna himself took to the house the ,prijta the most favourite of ,indra's trees 7#ai74 ,by the power of the ,prijta the heroes saw the beauty of their own persons and attained to great delight 7#bj74 ,thus eulogized by the delighted ,yadu chiefs ,krishna entered into the house constructed by ,viswakarma 7#ba74 ,having placed that mountain of jems with summits in his inner appartment ,achyuta1 of incomparable energy1 united with the ,vrishnis1 worshipped the celestial tree ,prijta and planted it in its proper place4 ,thereupon obtaining the permission of his own kinsmen ,keshava1 the slayer of heroes1 honored all the maidens he had brought from ,naraka's house with raiments1 ornaments1 maid-servants1 riches and objects of enjoyment4 ,those maidens had already been received honourably by ,devaki1 ,rohini1 ,revati and ,ahuka's wives4 ,by his good luck ,satyabhm ruled over all the females1 and ,bhishmaka's daughter ,rukshmini was in charge of the relatives4 ,krishna allotted to each of those women1 separate houses1 tanks1 and gardens4 7#bb-bh74 ,,chapter ,,ccxlvii4 ,,krishna ,,invites ,a ,,meeting ,,of ,,his ,,kinsmen4 ,vaishampyana said3--,thereupon having honored ,garuda like his friend ,vsudeva took him to his own house4 ,having saluted ,janrddana that sky-ranging bird1 with his permission1 rose up into the sky4 ,at that time1 having agitated completely the ocean1 the abode of ,makaras1 with the wind caused by the flapping of his wings the bird flew towards the eastern sea 7#a-c74 ,saying ,i will again come at the time of work ,vinat's son departed4 ,krishna honored1 with jewels acquired by his own prowess1 his old father ,anakadundubhi1 the king ,ugrasena1 ,baladeva1 ,satyaki ,sndipani1 the ,brhmana ,grgya1 and other members of the ,vrishni1 ,andhaka and ,bhoja races4 ,the ambassadors1 adorned with ear-rings and garlands1 announced at the crossings and high ways of ,dwrak3--,the enemies of the ,brhnanas have been slain3 the slayer of ,madhu has returned unscathed from the battle-field and the ,vrishnis and ,andhakas have acquired victory 7#d-h74 ,afterwards having saluted ,sndipani first ,janrddana bowed unto the king ,ahuka4 ,thereupon with ,rma1 ,vsava's younger brother saluted his father1 with tears in his eyes1 whose heart was filled with joy4 ,afterwards approaching the ,dshrhas and calling every one of them by name ,adhokshaja honored them all4 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 after showing these civilities all the ,yadavas1 headed by ,upendra1 sat on celestial thrones set with jewels of every description4 ,afterwards1 commanded by ,krishna1 ,naraka's servants brought there the riches and the assembly-hall which they had brought before4 ,thereupon blowing his bugle1 ,janrddana1 the foremost of ,yadus1 honored all the ,dshrhas 7#i-ad74 ,thereupon according to ,krishna's order the ,dshrhas entered into the assembly-hall1 charming1 having seats and a door made of jewels4 ,as the cave of a mountain is inhabited by lions so that assembly-hall1 filled with the leading ,yadu chiefs1 shone superbly beautiful4 ,govinda1 followed by the ,vrishnis and ,bhojas1 placing ,ugrasena before him1 sat with ,rama on the huge golden seat4 ,welcoming all the ,yadu chiefs who were seated there according to their age the foremost of ,purushas said 7#ae-ah74 ,,chapter ,,ccxlviii4 ,,narada ,,describes ,,the ,,feat ,,of ,,krishna4 ,krishna said3--,ye pious ,ydavas1 by virtue of your ascetic power and that of mental concentration1 and on account of his own sin ,bhumi's son ,naraka has been slain4 ,many beautiful maidens have been released from his inner appartment and the summit of the mount ,mani has been uprooted and brought here4 ,my servants have also brought this collection of riches4 ,you are now the masters of all these things4 ,having said this the ,lord stopped4 ,hearing the words of ,vasudeva1 the ,bhojas1 ,andhakas and ,vrishnis1 having their hairs stand erect in joy1 worshipped ,janrddana4 ,afterwards those heroic men1 with folded hands1 said to them3 ,o large-armed son of ,devaki1 it is no wonder to thee that thou hast accomplished1 for the gods1 a highly difficult feat and hast propitiated thy own people with riches and other objects of pleasure acquired by thy own power 7#a-f74 ,thereupon the wives of the ,dshrhas and ,ahuka1 filled with joy1 repaired to the ,hail for seeing ,krishna4 ,the seven queens of ,vasudeva1 headed by ,devaki and the beautiful-faced ,rohini saw the large-armed ,rma and ,krishna seated at ease4 ,having saluted first ,rohini ,rama and ,krishna afterwards saluted ,devaki4 ,as ,aditi1 the mother of gods1 looks beautiful in the company of ,mitra and ,varuna so the goddess shone in the company of her two lotus-eyed-sons 7#g-aj74 ,thereupon1 the illusory daughter of ,yashoda1 whom the people describe as one and without any parts1 with whom1 the ,purusottam ,krishna1 the king of gods1 was born at the same moment and for whom he slew ,kansa with his relatives1 appeared before ,krishna and ,rma1 the foremost of men4 ,up to this time she was being adored in the ,vrishni family and was being brought up and maintained like a daughter4 ,she1 whom the people of the world know as the irrepressible ,yoga maiden1 and as one and without any parts1 was born for the protection of ,keshava4 ,because she protected ,keshava with her goddess-like celestial body the ,yadavas used to worship her with great pleasure4 ,as soon as she entered the ,hall1 ,mdhava approached her1 like unto a man his beloved female friend and held her by the hand4 ,the highly powerful ,rma too held her by his right hand1 embraced her and smelt her head4 ,the ,vrishni women then saw her between her two brothers ,rma and ,krishna like unto the goddess ,sree1 with golden lotuses in her hands and seated on a lotus too4 ,they then showered fried paddy and diverse flowers and repaired to their respective quarters 7#aa-ai74 ,afterwards speaking highly of the wonderful deeds of ,janarddana and honoring him the ,yadavas sat delightedly on their respective thrones4 ,thus adored by his god-like kinsmen the mighty-armed and highly illustrious ,mdhava1 the enhancer of the joy of the citizens1 began to live there happily with them 7#bj-ba74 ,after the ,yadavas had all taken their seats1 the worshipful saint ,nrada1 according to the order of the king of gods1 came to ,janrddana at the meeting4 ,then worshipped by the heroic ,yadu chiefs and shaking hands with ,govinda he sat on a most excellent throne4 ,seated at ease he said to the ,vrishnis3--,o foremost of men1 know that ,i have come here at the mandate of the king of gods4 ,o leading kings1 hear now of all the heroic deeds which ,krishna1 the slayer of ,keshi1 has performed from his boyhood 7#bb-be74 ,having oppressed the ,yadavas and put in chains his father ,ahuka1 the wicked son of ,ugrasena1 ,kansa secured for himself the kingdom4 ,seeking refuge with his father-in-law ,jarsandha1 that wicked-minded wretch1 the curse of his family1 used to hate the other ,bhojas1 ,vrishnis and ,andhakas4 ,in order to accomplish a good work for his kinsmen and protect ,ugrasena the powerful ,vasudeva preserved his own son 7#bf-bh74 ,you have all heard of the highly wondrous deeds which the slayer of ,madhu performed before ,shurasena and others while living with the milkmen in the suburb of ,mathur4 ,one day while ,janrddana was sporting under a cart1 the highly powerful1 dreadful1 grim-visaged ,she-demon ,putan1 under the guise of a bird1 wished to make him suck her poisoned breast4 ,he however killed her4 ,beholding however the dreadful1 grim-visaged daughter of ,bali1 ,putan slain1 the forest-ranging ,gopas regarded him as one born again and gave him the name of ,adhokhshaja4 ,the ,purusottama1 in his infancy1 performed another wonderful feat4 ,while playing he upset a cart with his feet4 ,he injured some of the boys for which ,yashod tied him to a wooden mortar4 ,he1 in that condition1 uprooted two ,arjuna trees for which he obtained the name of ,dmodara4 ,the highly powerful and irrepressible ,klya ,nga was vanquished by him in the lake of ,yamun while sporting4 ,adored by the ,ngas in their house in the presence of ,akrura the ,lord assumed a celestial body4 ,observing the cows assailed by cold and wind1 the high-souled and intelligent son of ,vasudeva1 ,krishna1 although a child1 held up1 for saving them1 the mount ,govardhana for seven nights 7#bi-ch74 ,the wicked1 highly powerful1 huge-bodied great ,asura ,aristha1 the destroyer of men1 has been killed by ,vsudeva4 ,when ,sunam came with his army to arrest him he assailed him through wolves4 ,for protecting the cows1 the highly powerful1 huge-bodied ,dnava ,dhenuka has been slain by ,keshava4 ,ranging in the forest with ,rohini's son under the guise of a milkman he created terror in ,kansa4 ,while living in ,vraja1 ,purusottaina ,shouri killed the powerful horse of the ,bhoja king ,kansa that had his teeth for it's weapon and was a great help to him 7#ci-dc74 ,kansa's courtier the highly powerful ,dnava ,pralamva1 was killed by ,rohini's son with one stroke of his fist4 ,these two highly powerful sons of ,vasudeva1 resembling celestial youths1 were initiated at that time by the ,brhmana ,grgya4 ,the great saint knew who they really are and so they have been tutored by him from their very birth 7#dd-df74 ,thereupon those two highly powerful1 foremost of men1 like unto two infuriated young lions living on the ,himalaya1 attaining to youth1 pilfered the hearts of milk-women4 ,while those two heroic and effulgent sons of the milk-man ,nanda used to move about in the pasture land the other boys1 what to speak of equalling them in sport and strength1 could not even look at them4 ,hearing of those two large-armed brothers1 of firm shoulders1 ,bala and ,keshava grow up like a ,shla tree ,kansa was pained and consulted with his ministers4 ,and when he could not arrest them by any means he oppressed ,vasudeva with all his kinsmen4 ,fettered like a felon along with ,ugrasena ,anakadundubhi began to spend his days in great misery4 ,having thus kept in prison his father1 ,kansa1 with the help of ,jarsandha1 ,ahbriti and ,bhishmaka1 governed ,shurasena's kingdom 7#dg-ec74 ,after few days had passed in this way1 the king ,kansa1 undertook a great festival in ,mathura in honor of the trident-handed deity4 ,in that festival1 ,o king1 wrestlers1 songsters and clever dancers had assembled there from various countries4 ,in that festival1 the highly powerful ,kansa had built there a rich arena1 by clever and well-trained artizans4 ,thousands of seats were occupied by citizens and villagers as the sky is crested with luminous bodies 7#ed-eg74 ,as the performer of pious deeds ascends the celestial chariot so the ,bhoja king ,kansa ascended the well-decorated platform of the arena4 ,at the entrance of that arena the powerful ,kansa had kept a mad elephant ridden by heroes and covered with weapons4 ,thinking of ,rma and ,krishna the highly powerful ,kansa had no sleep even in the night previous1 and hearing now of the arrival of those two foremost of men1 like unto the sun and moon he became more careful for protecting himself 7#eh-fj74 ,hearing of that most excellent arena those two foremost of men1 the heroic ,rama and ,krishna1 the slayers of their enemies1 attempted to enter there as a tiger goes to the pasture of cows4 ,and although prevented by the warders they entered there after killing the elephant ,kuvalaypida4 ,having entered that arena the irrepressible ,bala and ,krishna first powdered ,chanura and ,andhra and then killed the wicked son of ,ugrasena with his younger brother 7#fa-fd74 ,who else but ,yadu's descendant could accomplish such a feat which even the gods could not do 7#fe78 ,keshava has brought for you all these riches which ,pralhda1 ,bali and even ,shamvara could not obtain before4 ,he has killed the ,daityas ,muru and ,pnchajana4 ,and coming out of his mountainous fastness ,nisunda has been slain with all his kinsmen 7#ff-fg74 ,having killed ,bhumi's son ,naraka and brought back the beautiful pair of ,aditi's ear-rings ,keshava attained to great fame from the celestials in their region 7#fh74 ,o ye ,yadavas1 depending upon the strength of ,krishna's arms and shorn of pride1 fear1 sorrow and other impediments do you celebrate various sacrifices4 ,a great work of the gods has been performed by the intelligent ,krishna4 ,may you fare-well4 ,i have come here to communicate to you this glad tidings1 ,o ye chiefs1 ,vsava has said that he would with great care procure what ever you would like to have4 ,he is yours and you are his4 ,know it for certain1 that the foremost of gods1 the chastiser of ,pka has despatched me here to inform ,krishna that the gods have been highly pleased4 ,there lives advancement where reign the goddesses of prosperity and modesty4 ,in the high-souled ,vsudeva all the three exist 7#fi-gc74 ,,chapter ,,ccxlix4 ,,the ,,same ,,subject ,,continued4 ,narada said3--,moreover1 the nooses made by ,mura have been cut1 ,nisumva and ,naraka have been slain and the road to the city of ,pragyotish has been freed from all dangers4 ,even the proud kings of the world have been frightened in battle by this descendant of ,shura 7,krishna7 with the twang of his bow and the sound of his conch-shell ,panchajanya4 ,having vanquished easily the highly powerful ,rukshmi well protected by the ,decean car-warriors resembling clouds1 the foremost of ,vrishnis ,keshava carried away ,rukshmini 7#a-c74 ,afterwards ,hari1 the holder of conch-shell1 discus and club1 brought ,bhoja's daughter into his house in a car effulgent like the sun and producing a rattle like unto the muttering of clouds and married her4 ,in the city of ,jruthi he defeated ,ahdriti1 ,kratha and ,shishupala and vanquished ,dantavakra and ,shatadhanw with all their soldiers4 ,worked up with anger the beautiful lord of ,shoubha killed ,shlwa1 grasping firmly a bow1 the ,yavana ,indradyumna and ,kasherunm4 ,having scattered thousands of mountains the lotus-eyed ,purusottama struck ,dyumutsena with his discus4 ,in the city of ,irvati on the summit of the mount ,mahendra there lived two followers of ,rvana ,gopati and ,tlaketu1 who could disappear form view within the twinkling of an eye and were effulgent like sun and fire4 ,the foremost of men1 ,keshava1 the holder of ,srnga bow1 killed them both1 within the twinkling of an eye1 the ,dnavas ,hansa and ,dimvaka have been also slain by ,krishna with their followers4 ,vrnashi 7,benares7 has been burnt down by the high souled ,keshava and the king with his followers has been slain 7#d-aa74 ,having killed ,maya in battle with knotty arrows ,krishna1 of wonderful deeds1 has released the son of ,indrasena 7#ab74 ,the highly powerful ,varuna1 with all the acquatic animals1 has been defeated in battle by ,krishna repairing to ,lohitakuta 7under water7 7#ac74 ,having gone to ,indra's palace1 he1 although prevented by the highly powerful celestials1 disregarding their king1 carried away the ,prijta tree 7#ad74 ,the intelligent ,janrddana has slain the kings of ,pandya1 ,poundrya1 ,kalinga1 ,matsa and ,banga 7#ae74 ,having killed hundreds of highly powerful kings he married his beautiful queen ,gndhri4 ,but the ,lord ,madhusudana has crowned the foremost of ,bharatas1 ,arjuna1 the holder of ,gndiva bow who used to play before ,kunti1 with success 7#af-ag74 ,this foremost of men has defeated1 in battle1 ,drona1 ,drauni1 ,karna1 ,bhishma1 ,suyodhana and other warriors4 ,for pleasing ,vabhru the powerful ,hari1 the holder of conch-shell1 discus and club1 carried away by force the daughter of the king of ,suveera 7#ah-ai74 ,when ,venudri trampled over the entire earth with his horses1 cars and elephants ,purusottama defeated him with great care 7#bj74 ,acquiring1 by his ascetic penances1 energy1 strength and power in his pristine dwarfish form ,mdhava stole away from ,bali the three worlds4 ,even when he was attacked in the city of ,prgyotish by the ,dnavas with thunderbolts1 clubs and swords ,death could not near him 7#bj-bb74 ,bali's son1 the highly powerful1 energetic and rich ,bna has been defeated by ,krishna with all his followers4 ,the highly powerful ,janrddana has killed ,peetha1 ,paithika and ,asitom the courtiers of the long-armed ,kansa 7#bc-bd74 ,the highly illustrious ,mdhava1 the foremost of men1 has killed the ,daityas ,jambha1 ,airvata and ,virupa1 assuming the semblance of a man 7#be74 ,having defeated in water the highly powerful ,nga king ,klya1 the lotus-eyed 7,krishna7 has despatched him to the sea 7#bf74 ,having vanquished ,vivaswn's son ,yama1 ,hari1 the foremost of men1 has restored to life the dead son of ,sndipani 7#bg74 ,o ,emperor ,janamejaya1 in this way1 this high-souled one chastises those wicked souls who injure the ,brhmanas and the gods4 ,having slain ,bhumi's son ,naraka he has brought the pair of ear-rings and given them to the mother of gods for pleasing the holder of thunder-bolt 7#bh-bi74 ,the highly illustrious ,lord ,vishnu1 the master of all the worlds1 is a terror to the ,daityas and declares fearlessness to the celestials 7#cj74 ,having established virtue amongst the mortals by performing various sacrifices and accomplished the great work of the gods he will return to his own region4 ,then the highly illustrious ,krishna will make the ocean devour the cities ,bhogavati1 a favourite resort of the ,rishis1 and ,dwrak 7#ca-cc74 ,this city of ,dwrak1 filled with various jewels and sacrificial grounds1 will enter1 with its gardens1 into the abode 7sea7 of ,varuna 7#cc74 ,the ocean1 conversant with the desire of ,krishna1 the holder of ,shrnga bow1 will inundate this city of ,dwrak constructed by ,vsudeva and resembling the residence of the sun4 ,there is none amongst the gods1 ,asuras1 and men and none will be1 except the slayer of ,madhu1 who will be able to live here 7#cd-cg74 ,having thus instituted many excellent regulations amongst the ,dshrhas ,vishnu himself will be united with ,nryana1 ,shoma and ,surya4 ,he is incomparable1 above the reach of thought1 can go any where at will and has control over his senses4 ,as a boy plays with a toy so he sports with these creatures 7#cf-cg74 ,none can measure the large-armed slayer of ,madhu2 there is nothing similar or otherwise with his universal form 7#ch74 ,in this way he has been eulogised hundreds and thousands of times4 ,but none has been able to see the end of his works4 ,beholding with his eyes1 rendered more powerful by ascetic penances1 the deeds which the lotus-eyed ,keshava performed with ,sangkarshana's help in his boyhood1 the highly intelligent and the great ,yogin ,vyasa1 the witness of all1 had already narrated them all 7#ci-da74 ,vaishampyana said3--,having thus chanted the glories of ,govinda at the mandate of the king of gods1 the celestial saint ,nrada1 adored by the ,yadavas1 repaired to the celestial region 7#db74 ,thereupon the lotus-eyed slayer of ,madhu1 ,govinda1 distributed those riches and jewels duly amongst the ,vrishnis and ,andhakas4 ,having obtained them the high-souled ,yadavas too began to perform sacrifices with profuse presents and live in the city of ,dwarak 7#dc-dd74 ,,chapter ,,ccl4 ,,krishna',s ,,children4 ,vaishampyana said3-#j reverend ,sir1 of the many thousand wives of ,krishna you have duly mentioned the names of eight4 ,do you now give an account of their children 7#a74 ,vaishampyana said3--,eight queens of ,krishna had been recognised as leading ones4 ,they all gave birth to heroic sons4 ,listen to an account of the names of their children 7#b74 7,krishna's principal wives were7 ,rukshmini1 ,satyabhm1 ,nagnajiti1 ,sudatt1 ,saivy1 ,lakshman1 ,mitravind1 ,klindi1 ,jmvavati1 ,pouravi1 ,subhim1 ,mdri and others4 ,amongst them1 hear of the names of the sons of ,rukshmini 7#c-d74 ,rukshmini first gave birth to a son by name ,pradyumna who killed ,shamvara4 ,next she gave birth to the mighty car-warrior ,chrudeshna1 the scion of the ,vrishni race1 and afterwards to ,chruchandra1 ,chrugarbha1 ,sudangstra1 ,druma1 ,sushena1 ,chrugupta1 the powerful ,chruvinda and the youngest ,chruvhu4 ,besides she gave birth to a daughter by name ,chrumati4 ,garudadhwaja 7,krishna7 begat on ,satyabhama1 seven sons1 namely1 ,bhnu1 ,bhimaratha1 ,kshupa1 ,rohita1 ,diptimn1 ,tmrajaksha1 and ,jalntaka and four daughters1 namely ,bhnu1 ,bhimarik1 ,tndrapaksha and ,jalandhama4 ,jamvavati gave birth to a son1 the ornament of the battle-field1 by name ,smva1 as also to ,mitravn1 ,mitravinda1 ,mitravhu and ,sunitha and a daughter by name ,mitravati4 ,hear now of the children of ,nagnajiti 7#e-aj74 ,she gave birth to two sons1 ,bhadrakra and ,bhadravinda and a daughter1 by name ,bhadravati4 ,saivy gave birth to ,sangrmajit1 ,satyajit1 ,senajit1 ,shura and ,sapatnijit4 ,the princes ,vrikshwa1 ,vrikanirvitti1 ,vrikadipti and ,subhim were ,madri's sons4 ,o king1 hear now of the children of ,lakshman4 ,gtravn1 ,gtragupta and the powerful ,gtravinda were born with their youngest sister ,gtravati4 ,klindi gave birth to a pious son by name ,asruta whom ,madhusudana gave to ,shrutasen4 ,having given that son away ,hrishikesha delightedly said to his wife3 ,for long he will be the son of you both4 ,vrihati gave birth to ,gada4 ,saivy gave birth to ,angada1 ,kumada1 ,sweta and a daughter by the name of ,swet4 ,sudev gave birth to five sons by name ,avagha1 ,sumitra1 ,suchi1 ,chitraratha and ,chitrasena and a daughter by name ,chitravati4 ,besides ,vanastambha1 ,stambha and ,stambhavna were born to him as sons4 ,of them ,vanasthambha begat ,mitrasena and ,stambhavati4 ,upsangha begat two sons1 ,vajrsu and ,kshipra4 ,koushiki1 ,sutasoma1 and ,youdhisthiri gave birth to ,yudhisthira1 the wonderful warrior ,kpli and ,garuda 7#aa-bj74 ,thus the sons of ,mdhava numbered one lak and eighty thousand4 ,they were all valiant and expert in fighting4 ,o king1 ,i have thus narrated the progeny of ,janrddana 7#ba-bb74 ,o foremost of kings1 ,pradyumna begat on the ,vidarbha princess a son by name ,aniruddha4 ,he had the emblem of a deer on his flag and no body could obstruct him in battle 7#bc74 ,baladeva begat on ,revati two sons by name ,nishatha and ,ulmuka4 ,those two brothers were beautiful like gods4 ,shura's son ,vasudeva begat on his two wives ,sutanu and ,nrchi two sons by name ,poundra and ,kapila4 ,of them ,nrchi gave birth to ,kapila and ,sutanu to ,paundra4 ,of those two sons ,poundra became the king and ,kapila entered into woods4 ,vasudeva begat on ,sudr the highly powerful hero ,jara who was a great archer4 ,vasudeva begat on ,kshi a quick-coursing son by name ,suprshwa4 ,aniruddha had two sons1 ,snu and ,vajr of whom the latter was the eldest4 ,vajra begat ,pratiratha whose son was ,suchru4 ,amitra1 the youngest son of ,vrishni1 begat ,sini whose sons were ,satyavk and the great car-warrior ,satyaka4 ,the heroic ,yuyudhna was ,satyaka's son4 ,yuyudhana's son was ,asanga whose son was ,tuni4 ,tuni's son was ,yugandhara4 ,with him1 ,o king1 the family ends 7#bd-ca74 ,,chapter ,,ccli4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,pradyumna4 ,janamejaya said3--,you said before that ,pradyumna had killed ,shamvara4 ,describe to me now how ,pradyumna killed him 7#a74 ,vaishampyana said3--,kma 7,cupid7 of firm vows1 in order to kill ,shamvara1 took his birth from ,rukshmini1 the incarnation of ,lakshmi1 and ,vsudeva as his beautiful son ,pradyumna4 ,on the seventh day at dead of night ,kalashamvara stole away that infant son of ,krishna from the lying-in room 7#b-c74 ,krishna1 who followed the celestial ,my1 knew every thing and therefore he did not kill at that time the ,dnava1 invincible in battle 7#d74 ,as if urged on by ,death the great ,asura stole away ,krishna's son4 ,and throwing him upon his arms he took him to his own city4 ,his beautiful and accomplished wife ,myvati1 as if the very incarnation of ,my1 had no offspring so that ,dnava1 as if commissioned by ,death1 gave over that son of ,vasudeva to her like his own 7#e-g74 ,seeing him she was filled with joy and her hairs stood erect3 she looked at him repeatedly with delight 7#h74 ,casting her looks on him in this way she recollected that he was her favourite husband4 ,remembering it she again thought 7#i7 ,he is my lord for whom ,i am day and night plunged into the lake of anxiety and sorrow and have not been able to enjoy mental felicity any where 7#aj74 ,he was formerly reduced to ashes by the divine trident handed deity stricken with sorrow for ,sati4 ,now he has been seen by me in another birth 7#aa74 ,however1 being his wife and knowing him as my husband how can ,i give him milk and address him as my son8 7#ab7 ,thinking thus ,myvati handed over the baby to the nurse and soon reared him up with nourishing tonics4 ,informed by the nurse and out of ignorance ,rukshmini's son knew ,myvati as his mother 7#ac-ad74 ,having brought up that lotus-eyed son of the ,lord of ,kamal ,myvati too1 stricken with lust1 instructed him in all forms of illusion 7#ae74 ,when gradually crossing the limit of youth ,pradyumna looked highly beautiful1 became an expert in the use of all sorts of weapons and in deciphering the movements of women1 ,myvati1 assuming the semblance of a beautiful woman1 sought the company of her beloved consort and tempted him with her gestures4 ,seeing that sweet-smiling lady attached to him ,pradyumna said to her3--,what is this8 ,why do you1 casting off your maternal feelings1 behave in this perverse way8 ,alas1 how wicked are women4 ,how fickle is their mind4 ,possessed by lust you are not regarding me as your son and behaving otherwise4 ,o gentle lady1 what is the cause of such a perversity of nature8 ,am ,i not then your son8 ,why do you behave in this way8 ,i wish to learn the secret of this from you4 ,the nature of women is fickle like lightning4 ,as the clouds are attached to the summits of a mountain so they are attached to men4 ,o gentle lady1 it matters little whether ,i am your son or not4 ,i wish to learn from your own mouth the object of your movements4 ,thus addressed that timid damsel1 having her heart stricken with lust1 said to her lover1 ,keshava's son in a solitary place4 ,you are not my son1 nor ,shamvara is your father 7#ag-bc74 ,you are a powerful and beautiful descendant of ,vrishni2 you are the delightful son of ,vsudeva and ,rukshmini4 ,after your birth on the seventh day you were brought here4 ,when you were a helpless baby in the lying-in chamber you were stolen by my powerful husband4 ,tresspassing into the house of your father ,vsudeva1 resembling ,vasava himself1 ,shamvara stole you away4 ,stricken with sorrow for a son like you your mother is bewailing like a cow estranged from its calf4 ,because you were brought here in your very infancy your father1 having the emblem of ,garuda on his flag1 and more powerful than even ,shakra himself1 does not know it4 ,o lord1 you are a ,vrishni prince and not a son of ,shamvara4 ,besides the ,dnavas cannot beget a son like yourself4 ,o gentle one1 ,i seek you as my lover1 because ,i have not given birth to you4 ,seeing your beauty my weak heart is drooping4 ,besides ,o ,vrishni hero1 you should seek in my heart what desire is there4 ,i have thus described to you how you are not a son of myself and ,shamvara and how ,i have grown attached to you 7#bd-cc74 ,pradyumna1 the son of the holder of discus1 had mastered all forms of illusion4 ,so thus addressed by ,myvati and worked up with anger1 he1 exclaiming his own name1 called ,shamvara4 ,he said3--,alas shall ,i remain here fearing that wicked-souled ,dnava who has stolen away the infant son of ,keshava8 ,how may that sinful wretch become angry8 ,how can ,i slay him8 ,i should do what excites his anger4 ,with my sharpened spear ,i will strike down the wonderful standard with a flying pennon having the emblem of a lion which stands like the mount ,sumeru on his gate4 ,if he comes to know of the spoliation of his standard ,shamvara will surely come out4 ,i will then kill him in battle and return to ,dwrak4 ,having said this the large-armed ,pradyumna stringed his bow1 took up arrows and struck down that jewel of a standard belonging to ,shamvara4 ,hearing of the spoliation of his standard by the high-souled ,pradyumna1 ,shamvara1 filled with anger1 ordered his sons1 saying3--,o ye great heroes1 do you soon kill ,rukshmini's son 7#cd-da74 ,i do not wish to see him who has done me this wrong4 ,hearing the words of ,shamvara1 his sons1 ,chitrasena1 ,atisena1 ,vishwaksenajit1 ,shrutasena1 ,sushena1 ,somasena1 ,mana1 ,senni1 ,sainyahanta1 ,senah1 ,sainika1 ,senaskandha1 ,atisena1 ,senaka1 ,janaka1 ,sukala1 ,vikala1 ,shnta1 ,shntntakara1 ,vibhu1 ,kumbhaketu1 ,sudangstra and ,keshi1 well-armed and delighted1 set out for killing ,pradyumna4 ,taking up discuses1 ,tomaras1 tridents1 ,pattishas1 swords1 ,paraswadhas1 and worked up with anger1 they1 inviting ,pradyumna1 went to the battle-field 7#db-dg74 ,thereupon taking up his bow the large-armed ,pradyumna speedily ascended his car and drove towards the battle-field 7#dh74 ,thereupon there took place a dreadful and hair-stirring encounter between ,keshava's son and those of ,shamvara 7#di74 ,in order to witness that battle1 the ,gandharvas1 ,uragas and ,chranas with all the gods headed by their king stationed themselves in the sky 7#ej74 ,nrada1 ,tumvuru1 ,hh1 ,huhu and other songsters1 encircled by ,apsaras1 also stationed themselves there 7#ea74 ,then the ,gandharva ,advutanma1 attached to the court of the king of gods1 said to ,vsudeva1 the wielder of thunder-bolt3 ,the sons of ,shamvara are a hundred in number and ,krishna's son is alone4 ,how can he1 fighting alone with many1 acquire victory8 7#eb-ec7 ,hearing his words1 ,vsava1 the slayer of ,bali1 smilingly said3--,hear of his prowess4 ,in his pristine body he was ,kma and consumed by ,hara's fiery anger4 ,afterwards propitiated by his wife the three-eyed deity conferred on her1 a boon1 saying3--',when ,vishnu1 assuming the semblance of a man1 will live in the city of ,dwraka1 he will take his birth as his son and become your husband4 ,this your highly powerful and energetic husband1 although celebrated in the three worlds1 as ,ananga limbless1 will take his birth there and kill ,shamvara1 for the seventh day after ,pradyumna's birth1 ,shamvara1 resorting to this illusory powers1 will steal him away from ,rukshmini's lap 7#ed-eh74 ,therefore go to ,shamvara's house2 and hidden under your illusory body do you become his wife ,mayavati and please him4 ,there nourish your baby husband4 ,when he will attain to youth he will kill ,shamvara4 ,afterwards ,ananga will go with you to ,dwarak and he will enjoy with you in the same way as ,i do with ,girij4' ,having said this the king of gods ,hara repaired to the mount ,kailsha resorted to by ,siddhas and ,charanas and resembling ,sumeru4 ,kma's wife too1 having saluted ,uma's husband1 waited at ,shamvara's residence for the termination of the appointed time4 ,o ,pratihara1 the large-armed ,pradyumna will surely kill ,shamvara4 ,he has been destined as the destroyer of that wicked ,danava and his sons 7#ei-fd74 ,,chapter ,,cclii4 ,,battle ,,between ,,pradyumna ,,and ,,shamvara',s ,,sons4 ,vaishampyana said3--,thereupon there took place a great hair-stirring encounter between ,rukshmini's son and those of ,shamvara 7#a74 ,afterwards in anger those great ,daityas began to shower simultaneously on ,pradyumna arrows1 ,saktis1 ,parashwadhas1 ,tomara's1 ,kuntas1 ,bhushundis and maces 7#b74 ,krishna's son too1 worked up with anger1 struck them in the battle each with five arrows shot off his bow4 ,thereupon those resolute ,asuras1 exceedingly wroth1 set up a net-work of weapons for killing ,pradyumna4 ,thereat worked up with anger ,ananga soon took up his bow 7#c-e74 ,he then killed the ten highly powerful sons of ,shamvara4 ,the next moment1 filled with anger the powerful son of ,keshava soon cut off ,chitrasena's head with a ,bhalla4 ,thereupon the remaining sons of ,shamvara1 anxious to fight1 began to run taking up and discharging arrows4 ,and for killing ,ananga they all unitedly fought and shot arrows4 ,the highly powerful son of ,krishna1 on the other hand1 cut off their heads1 as if in sport4 ,having thus slain one hundred sons of ,shamvara1 all good bow men1 he stood in the battle field desirous of fighting4 ,hearing of the death of his hundred sons ,shamvara was filled with wrath 7#f-aj74 ,he asked his charioteer to get ready his car4 ,receiving the order of the king the charioteer saluted him touching the ground with his head and brought the car there1 and asked the soldiers to get ready soon4 ,it was drawn by a thousand bear and tied with the ropes of snakes4 ,it was coated with tiger-skin1 adorned with a net-work of small bells and filled with wolves4 ,it had ten stairs1 one after another1 was painted with stars and adorned with gold4 ,it had a huge standard1 was high and embellished with flags having the figures of lions painted on them4 ,it had wooden fenders around it and iron axles4 ,it was high like the summit of ,mandara1 was bedecked with beautiful chowries1 covered with stars and adorned with golden standards 7#aa-af74 ,as if urged on by ,death1 ,shamvara1 putting on a golden armour and taking up his bow and arrows1 set out for battle accompanied by his soldiers and four ministers4 ,encircled by his ministers1 ,durdhara1 ,ketumli1 ,shatruhant and ,pramarddana1 ,shamvara set out1 desirous of fighting4 ,when with two hundred cars1 ten thousands elephants1 eight thousand horses and ten lakhs of infantry ,shamvara set out for the battle-field there appeared various omens on all sides4 ,the cranes began to emit hideous yells in the sky filled with vultures and fire-brands1 making a sound like that of evening clouds1 began to fall down4 ,the jackals yelled striking terror into the huge army4 ,and vultures sat on the tops of the standards desirous of drinking the blood of the ,danavas4 ,headless figures were seen dropping on his car 7#ag-bc74 ,the birds emitted indistinct notes on ,samvara's car4 ,the moon was possessed by ,rahu 7eclipsed7 and encircled by its disc4 ,his left hand and eye danced presaging some calamity and the horses1 attached to his car1 became of slackened speed4 ,the ,kanka birds fell on the head of ,shamvara1 the sworn enemy of the celestials and ,indra began to send down a shower of blood mixed with live coals and cinders4 ,thousands of fire-brands dropped down on the battle-field and reins slipped off the hands of the charioteer4 ,but ,shamvara1 filled with anger1 paid no attention to those portends and proceeded for slaying ,pradyumna4 ,thereat the earth shook at the sound of bugles1 conch-shells1 ,mridanga1 ,panava1 and ,anaka all played upon simultaneously4 ,overwhelmed with terror caused by that terrible sound1 beasts and birds fled away on all sides4 ,krishna's son1 however1 bent on slaying his enemy1 waited in the battle-field4 ,shamvara1 determined to fight and encircled by thousands of soldiers1 struck ,pradyumna with thousands of arrows4 ,he1 however1 displaying quick-handedness1 cut those arrows off before they could reach him4 ,and bending his bow he shot arrows that there was none in the army who was not struck with one 7#bd-cc74 ,thus assailed with arrows by ,pradyumna ,shamvara's men returned to him in fear4 ,beholding his men take to their heels1 ,shamvara1 beside himself with anger1 ordered his ministers4 ,at my mandate do ye proceed and strike my enemy's son4 ,do not neglect him but kill him at once4 ,if neglected he will ultimately ruin us like a disease disregarded in the beginning4 ,if you wish to please me kill this sinful wretch of a wicked soul 7#cd-cg74 ,obeying ,shamvara's command and filled with anger the ministers drove their cars showering arrows4 ,seeing them run towards the battle-field the powerful ,pradyumna was worked up with anger4 ,quickly taking up his bow he stood there4 ,the highly powerful ,pradyumna1 the enhancer of the delight of ,rukshmini1 in anger1 struck ,durdhara with twenty-five arrows1 ,ketumli with sixty three1 ,satruhanta with seventy and ,pramarddana with eighty two4 ,thereat filled with anger the ministers covered ,pradyumna with a downpour of arrows4 ,indeed it appeared highly wonderful4 ,each of them shot at him severally one hundred and twenty arrows 7#ch-db74 ,makaradwaja 7,pradyumna7 cut them all off before they could hurt him4 ,afterwards1 taking up a crescent-shaped arrow he killed with it ,durdhara's charioteer before the very eyes of the soldiers and warriors4 ,the very next moment with four beautiful ,kanka-feathered arrows he killed his four horses1 with one arrow he cut off the umbrella and rein1 with another the standard and crest and with sixty other arrows the axles1 wheels and poles4 ,thereupon taking up another powerful ,kanka-feathered arrow he shot it at the breast of the short-lived ,durdhara4 ,deprived of his life1 beauty1 vitality and lustre the ,danava fell down from his car like a planet of waning piety4 ,on the heroic ,dnava ,durdhara being slain the ,daitya chief ,ketumli ran towards ,krishna's son showering arrows4 ,and with an angry and frowning countenance he repeatedly said to ,pradyumna ,wait6 ,wait6 ,thereat filled with anger ,krishna's son covered him with arrows as a cloud sprinkles a mountain in the rainy season4 ,sorely wounded by the great bowman ,pradyumna1 the ,dnava minister took up his discus and hurled it for killing ,pradyumna4 ,makardhwaja however sprang up and got hold of the discus1 equally strong like that of ,krishna1 before it could fall on him4 ,and with it before all he cut off ,ketumli's head4 ,beholding that highly wondrous feat of ,rukshmini's son the king of gods and the celestials were filled with surprise 7#dc-ed74 ,and the ,gandharvas and ,apsaras showered flowers on him4 ,beholding ,ketumli slain ,shatruhant and ,pramarddana1 surrounded by a huge army1 ran towards ,pradyumna 7#ee74 ,they all hurled at ,krishna's son clubs1 maces1 discuses1 nooses1 ,tomaras1 arrows1 ,bhindhiplas1 axes and other weapons simultaneously for killing him4 ,however the heroic ,kma1 displaying light-handedness1 sundered them with his arrows into many pieces4 ,in anger he so struck with arrows the thousands of elephants1 elephant-drives1 cars1 charioteers and horses that none was seen there who was not wounded 7#ef-ei74 ,grinding their soldiers ,pradyumna created a dreadful river there having blood for its water4 ,pearl necklaces were its many waves1 flesh1 fat and marrow were the mud1 the discuses were the islands1 the arrows the whirlpools the cars the beautiful bank1 bracelets and ear-rings were tortoises1 the flags were the fishes and the elephants were other acquatic animals4 ,the river had the horses for its acquatic animals1 the hairs for its mosses1 the waist threads for its lotus-stalks1 the beautiful faces for its lotuses1 the chowries for its swans1 the heads for its ,timi fishes and the blood for its water4 ,nobody1 especially the weak1 could cross that river created by ,ananga4 ,if was dreadful1 impassable and full of weapons1 and it extended the territories of ,yama4 ,having agitated the other bowmen the beautiful son of ,rukshmini shot in numerable arrows at ,shatruhant4 ,he too1 filled with anger1 discharged arrows which fell on ,pradyumna's breast4 ,although wounded with that arrow the powerful son of ,keshava did not tremble4 ,he took a mace for killing ,shatruhant who was on the point of death 7#fj-fh74 ,that burning ,sakti1 making a sound like that of ,indra's thunder-bolt1 discharged by ,rukshmini's son1 fell down piercing the heart of the enemy 7#fi74 ,with it the heart of the highly powerful ,shatruhant was cut off1 his limbs were mutilated and his vital parts and joints were separated4 ,and he fell down vomitting forth blood 7#gj74 ,beholding ,satruhant slain ,pramarddana came forward with a mace and said3 ,o you fond of fighting1 what is the use of battling with these ordinary men8 ,o you of wicked intellect1 stand here firmly for a moment and fight with me and you will not have to live any longer on this earth 7#ga-gb74 ,you are born in the race of ,vrishnis and your father is our enemy4 ,if we can slay his son today he will also be killed4 ,o you of wicked understanding1 with your death the gods will meet with extinction and the ,daityas and ,danavas1 having their enemy slain1 will enjoy happiness 7#gc-gd74 ,yourself being slain with my weapons ,i will1 with your blood1 perform the watering ceremony of the dead sons of ,shamvara4 ,hearing of the death of a young son like yourself ,bhishmaka's daughter will bewail piteously4 ,hearing of your death1 your wicked father1 the holder of discus1 will give up his life today 7#ge-gg74 ,having said this ,pramarddana quickly struck ,rukshmini's son with his parigha4 ,wounded thus the highly powerful and energetic son of ,rukshmini threw up his car with his hands1 struck it down to the ground and crushed it4 ,leaping down then from his car the ,danava stood on the ground as a foot-soldier4 ,and taking up his club he hurled it at ,keshava's son4 ,kma1 on the other hand1 crushed down ,pramarddana with that club 7#gh-hj74 ,beholding ,pramarddana slain the ,daityas could not stand before ,pradyumna and began to fly away like a herd of elephants terrorised by a lion 7#ha74 ,as the lambs fly on seeing a dog1 so the ,daitya soldiers1 stricken with fear of ,pradyumna1 lost heart 7#hb74 ,the ugly-looking ,danava soldiers1 with hairs dishevelled and their dresses soiled with blood1 looked like a woman in menses 7#hc74 ,as roughly handled by a cruel and lustful person a youthful damsel1 cut with ,cupid's shafts1 cannot stand in that battle and flies away breathing to her house so those ,danava soldiers1 assailed with arrows and filled with fear1 left the battle-field and fled away sighing heavily 7#hd74 ,,chapter ,,ccliii4 ,,shamvara ,,comes ,,to ,,the ,,battle-,,field4 ,vaishampyana said2--,o king1 thereupon filled with anger ,shamvara said to his charioteer3--,o hero1 do you soon take my car to the enemy4 ,with arrows ,i will kill him who has done me wrong4 ,hearing the words of his master1 the charioteer1 always doing good to him1 drove the car adorned with gold4 ,beholding the chariot approach him1 ,pradyumna1 having delightful eyes1 took up in anger his bow and set to it golden arrows4 ,he then struck ,shamvara with it and excited his anger in battle 7#a-d74 ,that arrow cutting to his very vitals1 ,shamvara1 the enemy of gods1 was greatly bewildered4 ,and holding the reins of the car he lost consciousness4 ,regaining his consciousness a few moments after the ,dnava ,shamvara took up his bow in anger and struck ,krishna's son with seventy sharpened arrows4 ,pradyumna1 with seven shafts1 cut off those arrows into seven parts before they could reach him4 ,and with seventy sharpened winged arrows he struck ,shamvara4 ,as a cloud covers a mountain with its showers so he struck ,shamvara again with a thousand beautiful winged arrows4 ,thereupon all the quarters being covered with arrows the sky was so enshrouded by darkness that even the sun was not visible4 ,seeing it ,shamvara dispelled that darkness with his thunderbolt and showered arrows on ,pradyumna's car4 ,o king1 ,pradyumna too1 displaying light-handedness1 cut off those arrows into many pieces with his knotty shafts4 ,when that great downpour of arrows was stopped by ,krishna's son1 ,shamvara1 by his illusory powers1 showered trees4 ,beholding those trees ,pradyumna was beside himself with anger and destroyed them all by discharging fiery weapons4 ,when all the trees were reduced to ashes ,shamvara made a downpour of stones which ,pradyumna removed from the battle-field by means of airy weapons4 ,o king1 thereupon1 ,shamvara1 the enemy of gods1 took up his bow and created a great illusory display by throwing on ,pradyumna's car lions1 tigers1 bears1 monkeys1 horses1 camels1 asses and cloud-like elephants4 ,kma however1 with ,gandharva weapons1 cut them off into many pieces 7#e-ag74 ,beholding his illusion dispelled by ,pradyumna ,shamvara1 beside himself with anger1 displayed another feat4 ,he showered youthful1 well-decked elephants with sixty heads each1 mad after fighting and ridden by expert drivers4 ,beholding those illusory creations about to fall on him the great lotus-eyed 7,pradyumna7 having the emblem of a fish on his flag1 desired to create illusory lions4 ,o king1 as the sun sends away the night so the illusory lions1 created by the intelligent son of ,rukshmini1 destroyed the illusory elephants4 ,beholding his illusory elephants killed1 ,shamvara1 the king of ,dnavas1 created ,sunmohini ,my4 ,beholding that ,mohini 7fascinating7 ,my the creation of ,maya1 discharged by ,shamvara1 the powerful ,pradyumna obstructed it with his ,sanjn 7consciousness7 weapon 7#ah-bc74 ,greatly exercised with anger on account of his illusion being destroyed the highly powerful king of ,dnavas1 ,shamvara displayed an illusion of lions4 ,beholding the lions about to fall on him the powerful son of ,rukshmini took up ,gandharva weapons and created ,sharabhas4 ,as the wind scatters clouds so those ,sharabhas1 having eight legs1 claws and teeth1 pursued the lions4 ,beholding the lions pursued by the illusory eight-legged animals ,shamvara began to think of measures for killing them4 ,he thought3 ,alas6 ,how stupid ,i am4 ,why did ,i not kill him in his infancy8 ,now this wicked-minded one has attained to youth and mastered all the weapons4 ,how shall ,i kill this enemy stationed at the head of the battle8 ,the dreadful illusion of serpents1 which the great god ,hara1 the destroyer of ,asuras1 instructed me in1 is only known to me4 ,let me now spread that great illusion of serpents4 ,methinks this powerful and wicked ,myvia will be consumed thereby 7#bd-cj74 ,thinking thus ,shamvara displayed that illusion of serpents full of burning venom1 which fettered ,pradyumna with his car1 horses and charioteer4 ,beholding himself thus bound with illusory serpents and about to be killed ,pradyumna thought of the illusion of ,garudas that could kill the serpents4 ,as soon as the high-souled ,pradyumna thought of it ,garudas began to move about and destroy the venomous serpents4 ,when the illusion of serpents was dispelled the gods and ,asuras1 eulogising him said ,well done6 ,well done6 ,o mighty-armed son of ,rukshmini4 ,on account of the illusion being dispelled by you we have been pleased 7#ca-ce74 ,o ,janamejaya1 when the illusion of serpents was dispelled1 ,shamvara again thought3 ,i have a golden club resembling the rod of ,death which even the gods and ,asuras cannot withstand in the battle-field4 ,formerly pleased the goddess ,um conferred that on me and said ',o ,shamvara1 take the golden club4 ,practising hard austerities ,i produced from my own body this club which can dispell all forms of illusion and kill all the ,asuras4 ,i have with this club despatched to the abode of ,yama with all their followers1 the powerful sky-ranging and dreadful ,danavas ,shumbha and ,nishumbha4 ,when your life will be in peril1 hurl this club at your enemy'4 ,saying this goddess ,prvati disappeared from that place4 ,i will hurl it now aiming at my enemy 7#cf-da74 ,thereupon informed of his motive the king of gods said to ,nrada3--,do you soon approach the car of the large-armed ,pradyumna1 make him conscious and remind him of his pristine birth4 ,give that of slayer of ,asura this invincible coat of mail and ,vaishnava weapons4 ,thus addressed by ,maghavn ,nrada speedily went away 7#db--dd74 ,and stationed in the sky he said to ,pradyumna3--,o prince1 know me as the celestial songster ,nrada4 ,the king of gods has sent me here to make yourself conscious4 ,o giver of honor1 remember your pristine birth4 ,o hero1 you are ,kma4 ,reduced to ashes by ,hara's ire you became limbless4 ,you have been begotten by ,keshava on ,rukshmini in the ,vrishni race1 and are known there by the name of ,pradyumna4 ,before the completion of the seventh night ,shamvara had stolen you away from the lying-in-room4 ,o large-armed hero1 when ,shamvara carried you away ,keshava disregarded him in the interest of the great work of the gods namely the destruction of ,shamvara4 ,know as your former wife ,rati the spouse of ,shamvara by name ,myvati4 ,she was living on ,shamvara's house for protecting you4 ,in order to create pleasure and forgetfulness in that wicked ,dnava she sends ,rati to him1 created1 by illusion1 of her own person4 ,o ,pradyumna1 having killed ,shamvara in the battle-field with ,vaishnava weapons take your own wife ,myvati and go to ,dwrak4 ,o slayer of your enemies1 do you take this ,vaishanava weapon and highly lustrous coat of mail4 ,the king of gods has sent them for you4 ,hear another word of mine and carry it out without any fear4 ,pleased ,prvati gave this enemy of gods a club which is always very powerful and can grind all enemies2 and none amongst the gods1 ,dnvas and men1 can withstand it in battle4 ,in order to counteract this weapon you should remember the goddess4 ,besides1 those1 who are anxious to fight1 should always bow unto and chant the glories of the great goddess4 ,you should be careful when you fight with your enemy4 ,having said this ,narad returned where ,vsava was 7#de-eh74 ,a fabulous beast supposed to have eight legs and to inhabit particularly the snowy regions4 ,,chapter ,,ccliv4 ,,shamvara',s ,,death4 ,vaishampyana said3--,thereupon filled with anger ,shamvara took up his club4 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 when ,shamvara took up his club there rose twelve suns1 the mountains trembled and the earth shook4 ,the water of the ocean flowed upwards1 the gods were agitated1 the sky was filled with vultures1 fire brands fell1 dreadful wind blew and ,indra sent down showers of blood4 ,beholding all those evil omens the heroic ,pradyumna soon got down from his car4 ,and folding his hands he recollected the beloved consort of ,shankara1 ,prvati1 and bending his head began to chant her glories 7#a-e74 ,pradyumna said3--,salutation unto ,ktyyani1 the mother of ,krtikeya4 ,salutation again unto ,ktyyani the mother of the three worlds4 ,salutation unto the goddess who hath destroyed our enemies4 ,salutation unto ,gouri the consort of ,girisha4 ,salutation unto the goddess who has killed ,sumbha and pierced the heart of ,nisumbha4 ,salutation unto ,klartri and ,kumari4 ,i bow with folded hands unto the goddess who lives in a mountainous forest4 ,i bow unto the great goddess who lives on the mount ,vindhya1 who destroys the forts1 who is ,durg1 who is fond of battle and who is ,jay and ,vijay4 ,i bow unto the goddess who is unconquerable1 who afflicts her enemies1 who has a bell in her hand and is adorned with a garland of bells4 ,i bow unto the goddess1 who has the figure of a lion on her banner1 who holds a trident1 who has slain the buffalo-faced demon and rides a lion4 ,i bow with folded hands unto the goddess who is one and without any parts1 who is the sacred ,gyatri that is recited at a sacrifice and ,savitri of the ,brhmanas4 ,o goddess1 do thou always protect me in battle and crown me with success4 ,thus eulogised by ,kma the goddess was pleased 7#f-ac74 ,pleased at heart the goddess said to him3--,o you of large arms1 ,o you the enhancer of ,rukshmini's joy1 behold me4 ,o son1 seeing me does not go fruitless4 ,pray for a boon therefore4 ,hearing the words of the goddess his hairs stood erect and his mind was filled1 with joy4 ,saluting the goddess he communicated his object3--,o goddess1 while thou hast been propitiated do thou confer on one what ,i desire4 ,o giver of honor1 may ,i vanquish all my enemies4 ,o goddess1 may the club1 produced from thy own person which thou hast given to ,shamvara1 become a garland of lotuses as soon as it touches my body4 ,hearing it and saying ,so be it the goddess disappeared 7#ad-ah74 ,and the highly powerful ,pradyumna too1 with great delight1 ascended the car4 ,thereupon taking up his club and whirling it the powerful ,shamvara threw it on ,pradyumna's breast4 ,as soon as it approached him1 it became a garland of lotuses around ,pradyumna's neck4 ,and he looked like the moon encircled by stars 7#ai-ba74 ,beholding the club converted into a garland of lotuses the gods1 ,gandharvas1 ,siddhas1 and the great ,rishis spoke highly of ,pradyumna in his presence4 ,thereupon bending his bow and setting to it the ,vaishnava arrow which ,nrada had brought1 ,keshava's son said3--,o arrow1 if ,i am the son of ,rukshmini begotten by ,keshava do thou1 on the strength of this truth1 kill ,shamvara in the battle-field4 ,saying this the noble-minded ,pradyumna1 as if to consume the three worlds1 drew his bow and shot the arrow at ,shamvara4 ,thereupon that arrow1 discharged by that ,vrishni chief1 piercing ,shamvara's breast1 entered into the earth4 ,by the energy of that ,vaishnava arrow all his flesh1 bones1 nerves1 skull and blood were reduced to ashes4 ,in this way the huge-bodied1 sinful ,dnava ,shamvara being slain the gods and ,gandharvas were filled with joy4 ,urvasi1 ,menak1 ,rambh1 ,viprachitti1 ,tilottam1 and other ,apsars and the entire animate and inanimate creation danced4 ,praising ,pradyumna the king of gods1 with the celestials1 pleased1 began to shower flowers on him4 ,the king of ,daityas being slain in battle by ,madana the son of the slayer of ,madhu1 the gods were freed from the fear of their enemy1 and eulogising ,pradyumna they set out for the celestial region4 ,as a lover goes to his love so ,rukshmini's son1 fatigued with fighting1 went with hasty steps into the city and met his consort 7#bb-cb74 ,,chapter ,,cclv4 ,,pradyumna ,,goes ,,to ,,dwaraka ,,and ,,his ,,parents ,,recognize ,,him4 ,vaishampyana said3--,having celebrated his sacrifice the powerful ,myvin ,shamvara was killed in battle on the eighth day of a fortnight 7#a74 ,having slain that foremost of ,asuras in the city of ,rikshavanta ,pradyumna1 taking ,myvati with him1 set out for his father's city 7#b74 ,by his illusory powers the quick-coursing hero rose up into the welkin and reached the charming city of ,dwravati protected by his father's power 7#c74 ,that young man1 beautiful like ,manmatha 7,cupid71 descended from the sky with ,myvati at the inner appartment of ,keshava 7#d74 ,when ,pradyumna thus came down ,keshava's queens were all filled with surprise1 joy and fear 7#e74 ,afterwards seeing that young man1 resembling ,kma himself1 with his wife1 their faces grew delighted2 and they1 with their eyes1 as if drank his ambrosial beauty 7#f74 ,beholding the bashful countenance of that boy and him filled with shame at every step ,krishna's wives were all at their wit's end 7#g74 ,beholding that boy1 ,rukshmini1 the mother of a son1 encircled by her hundred co-wives1 was striken with sorrow4 ,and shedding tears she said3--,alas6 ,i saw in a mid-night dream that the slayer of ,kansa had given me mango leaves4 ,keshava took me on his lap and put a garland of pearls resembling the rays of the moon around my neck4 ,a youthful lady1 with beautiful curling hairs1 clad in a white raiment and with a lotus in her hand1 entered into my room4 ,and she sprinkled me with beautiful water4 ,afterwards that lady touched my head with her hands and gave me a garland of lotuses4 ,having thus described her dream1 ,rukshmini1 encircled by her female friends1 cast her looks again and again on the prince and said3--,blessed is that woman whose son is such a beautiful1 long-lived boy resembling ,kma and just ushered into the first stage of youth4 ,o son1 what lucky woman has been blessed with a son like yourself black like clouds ,why have you come here with your wife8 ,alas1 if the powerful ,death had not carried him away my baby ,pradyumna would have been of this age by this time4 ,my surmise can never be untrue4 ,forsooth you are a prince of the ,vrishni family2 from the marks of your body you look like ,janrddana without his discus4 ,your face and hairs resemble those of ,nryana and your thighs1 arms and breast resemble those of my father-in-law and ,haladhara4 ,alas1 you look like the second celestial body of ,nryana4 ,with your person you have adorned the entire ,vrishni race4 ,who are you1 ,o my child8 ,in the meantime ,krishna all on a sudden entered there hearing from ,nrada of the destruction of ,shamvara 7#h-bj74 ,beholding his eldest son there1 along with his daughter-in-law ,myvati resembling ,cupid himself1 ,janrddana was filled with joy and said to the goddess-like ,rukshmini3 ,o goddess1 here is your son the great bow-man4 ,he has killed ,shamvara1 an expert of illusion and has learnt all his illusory arts by which he used to torment the gods4 ,this auspicious and chaste lady is the wife of your son4 ,she was up to this time living in ,shamvara's house under the name of ,myvati4 ,do not distress your mind thinking her as the wife of ,shamvara4 ,know her as ,rati1 the beloved consort of ,kma4 ,formerly when ,manmatha became limbless being consumed by ,har's fiery anger this auspicious lady1 up to this time1 always kept that ,daitya infatuated with her likeness made by her illusory powers4 ,even in her youth this beautiful lady did not seek ,shamvara2 creating her own like-ness by her illusory powers she used to send her to ,shamvara4 ,o fair lady1 this my son's wife1 and your daughter-in-law will help ,kma and please him1 ,she is our eldest daughter-in-law and deserves our affection4 ,take her to your room and nourish your lost son who has come back 7#ba-bi74 ,vaishampyana said3--,hearing those words given vent to by ,krishna ,rukshmini attained to an excess of delight and said3--,most fortunate am ,i since my heroic son has come back again4 ,blessed is my birth and ,i have achieved my object since my lost son has returned with his beloved wife4 ,come my son and enter this room with your wife4 ,thereupon having saluted his mother and ,govinda ,pradyumna bowed unto ,haladhara4 ,thereupon raising up ,pradyumna the foremost of the powerful ,keshava1 the slayer of enemy's warriors1 embraced him and smelt his head4 ,the goddess ,rukshmini too1 with words suppressed with affection1 raised up her daughter-in-law adorned with gold1 placed her on her lap and embraced her4 ,thereupon as ,aditi conducts the king of gods with ,sachi into her own room so ,rukshmini took her son who had returned with his wife to her own room 7#cj-cf74 ,,chapter ,,cclvi4 ,,baladeva',s ,,mantra ,,for ,,protecting ,,pradyumna4 ,vaishampyana said3--,o foremost of victors1 after having slain ,shamvara1 ,pradyumna had arrived at the city of ,dwrka a wonderful evening ,mantra was recited4 ,i am describing the evening ,mantra which ,baladeva recited at that time for protecting ,pradyumna4 ,if one recites it in the evening he has his soul purified4 ,it has been recited by ,baladeva1 ,vsudeva1 and the pious ascetics and saints3-,may the ,lord of the universe ,brahm1 the preceptor of the gods and ,asuras1 protect me4 ,may ,om1 ,vashatkar1 ,savitri and the three regulations protect me4 ,may the four ,vedas1 ,puranas1 ,itihsas1 ,khilas1 ,upakhilas1 the auxiliaries of the ,vedas and their commentaries protect me 7#a-c74 ,may earth1 air1 ether1 water1 light1 the senses1 mind1 intellect1 the gunas ,sattwa1 ,raja1 ,tama1 the five vital airs1 namely ,vyna1 ,udana1 ,samna1 ,prna1 and ,apna and the seven other airs which which pervade the universe protect me4 ,may the great ,rishis1 ,marichi1 ,angira1 ,atri1 ,pulastya1 ,pulaha1 ,kratu ,bhrigu and the divine ,vasistha protect me4 ,may the fourteen ,munis headed by ,kashyapa1 and the ,lord ,nryana with ten quarters and ,gunas protect me4 ,may the eleven ,rudras1 the twelve ,aditys1 the eight ,vasus and the two ,ashwinis protect me4 ,may the mothers of the ,daityas1 ,hri1 ,shree1 ,lakshmi1 ,swadh1 ,medh1 ,tushthi1 ,pushthi ,smriti1 ,dhriti1 ,aditi1 ,diti1 ,danu1 and ,sinhik protect me4 ,may the mountains ,himvan1 ,hemkuta1 ,nishadha1 ,sweta1 ,rishabha1 ,paripatra1 ,vindhya1 ,vaidurya1 ,sahya1 ,udaya1 ,malaya1 ,meru1 ,mandara1 ,dardura1 ,krouncha1 ,kailsha1 and ,mainka protect me 7#i-af74 ,may the ,ngas1 ,shesha1 ,vasuki1 ,vishalksha1 ,takshaka1 ,elapatr1 ,suktikarna1 ,kamvala1 ,aswatara1 ,hastibhadra1 ,pitharaka1 ,karkotaka1 ,dhananjaya1 ,puranaka1 ,karavira1 ,sumanasya1 ,dadhimuka1 ,sringrapinda the ,lord ,mani known all over three worlds1 the ,nga kings ,dadhikarma and ,haridraka all those ,nagas and others whose names have not been mentioned--all those who are truthful and upholding the universe1 protect me4 ,may the four oceans protect me4 ,may the river ,ganga1 the foremost of streams1 ,saraswati1 ,chandrabhaga1 ,shatadru1 ,devik1 ,shiv1 ,iravati1 ,vipasha1 ,sarayu1 ,yamun1 ,kalmashi1 ,rathoshm1 ,vahinda1 ,hiranyad1 ,plakshm1 ,ikshumati1 ,shravanti1 ,vrihavrath1 and the celebrated ,charmanvati and the sacred ,vadhusara1 and those whose names have not been mentioned flowing in the north sprinkle me with their water4 ,may ,venva1 ,godvari1 ,kaveri1 ,kongkanvati1 ,krishn1 ,venva1 ,shuktimati1 ,tamasa1 ,pushpavahimi1 ,tamraparni1 ,jyotiratha1 ,utkala1 ,udum varvati1 ,vaitarani1 the sacred ,vidarbha1 ,narmud1 ,vitasta1 ,bhimarathi1 ,mahnandi1 ,el1 ,kahini1 ,gomati and ,shoma and all those whose names have not been mentioned flowing in the south sprinkle me with their water4 ,may ,kshipr1 the sacred ,charmanvavati1 ,mahi1 ,shuvravati1 ,sindhu1 ,vetravati1 ,bhojanta1 ,vanamahk1 ,purvabhadr1 ,aparbhadr1 ,urmita1 ,varadrum1 ,vetravati1 the well-known ,chapadangi1 ,luth1 the sacred and charming ,saraswati1 ,mitraghni1 ,indumla1 ,madhumati1 ,um1 ,garunar1 ,tapi1 ,vimalodaka1 ,vimal1 ,vimalod1 ,mattagang1 and ,payaswani and all those whose names have not been mentioned here as well as the sacred ,bhgirathi flowing in the west sprinkle me with water 7#ag-cd74 ,may the sacred lakes ,prabhsa1 ,prayaga1 ,naimisha1 ,pushkara1 ,gang1 ,kurukshetra1 ,shrikshetra1 ,goutamashrama1 ,ramhrada1 ,vinshana1 ,rmatirtha1 ,gangdwra where ,soma rose up1 ,kaplamochana1 the well-known ,suvarnadindu1 ,kanakapingala1 ,dashswameda1 the ,naranarayanshrama1 the celebrated ,vadari1 the well-known ,phalgu1 ,chandravata1 ,kokmukha1 the sacred ,gangsgara1 ,tapoda of the ,magadha country1 the well-known ,gangobheda1 and those whose names have not been mentioned where the great ,rishis live1 sprinkle us with their sacred water4 ,may the shrines of ,shukara1 ,yogamrga1 ,shwetadwipa1 ,brahmatirtha1 ,rmatirtha1 ,dashshwamedha1 the sin-destroying ,gang with her streams1 ,vaikuntha-like ,kedara1 ,shukarodvedana and ,ppamochana destroy my sins and purify me4 ,may ,dharma1 ,artha1 ,kma1 fame1 ,prapti1 ,shama1 ,dama1 ,varuna1 ,kuvera1 ,yama1 ,niyama1 ,kla1 ,naya1 ,sannati1 anger1 stupefaction1 forgiveness1 patience1 lightning1 clouds1 herbs1 planets1 ,yakshas1 ,pishachas1 ,gandharvas1 ,kinnaras1 ,siddhas1 ,chranas1 night-rangers1 sky-rangers1 beasts1 auspicious planets1 ,lamvodara1 ,bali1 ,pingaksha1 ,vishwarupa1 ,indra with airs1 ,kal1 ,truti1 ,lava4 ,kshan and other divisions of time1 stars1 planets1 seasons1 months1 days1 nights1 the sun1 moon1 sorrow1 fear and sentiments1 pride1 truth1 ,sidhi1 ,vridhi1 ,sruti1 ,dhriti1 ,rudrni1 ,bhadrakli1 ,bhadra-,yasthi1 ,vruni1 ,bhsi1 ,kalik1 ,shandili1 ,kuhu1 ,sinivali1 ,bhima1 ,chitravati1 ,rati1 ,ktyyani1 ,sohitya1 ,ayanamitra1 ,ganada and other celestial damsels1 spoken of1 protect me with their friends 7#ce-eb74 ,,chapter ,,cclvii4 ,,narada ,,puts ,,questions3 ,,and ,,the ,,mystery ,,is ,,explained4 ,vaishampyana said2--,in the same month in which ,pradyumna was stolen away by ,shamvara desirous of killing himself ,jmvavati gave birth to ,shmva 7#a74 ,from his boyhood he was trained by ,rma in the use of arms and the other ,vrishnis used to respect him considering him little inferior to ,rma4 ,from his birth ,krishna1 shorn of enemies and neighbouring hostile kings1 lived in his capital happily as the immortals live in the garden of ,nandana 7#b-c74 ,at that time the hostile kings could not enjoy peace in fear of ,janarddana2 and witnessing the prosperity of the ,yadavas even ,vsava did not like his own riches 7#d74 ,thereupon office on a time ,duryodhana undertook the celebration of a sacrifice in ,hastinpur and all the kings set out for 7that city74 ,hearing of ,janrddana with his sons1 his prosperity and the city of ,dwrak situate on the bank of the ocean1 those kings1 collecting information through their emissaries1 arrived at ,krishna's palace1 who was fond of guests and had controlled his senses1 for seeing him 7#e-g74 ,the king ,duryodhana and others who were under the subjection of ,dhritarashtra1 the sons of ,pandu1 ,dhristadyumna and others1 the kings of ,pandya1 ,chola1 ,kalinga1 ,vahlika ,drvida and ,khasa with eighteen ,akshowhinis of soldiers arrived at the city of ,yadavas protected by ,krishna's arms4 ,after those kings had been accommodated in their respective quarters set apart for them1 the lotus-eyed ,hrishikesha1 with leading ,yadavas1 went to them4 ,the ,yadu king ,madhusudana shone in the midst of those kings like the autumnal sun4 ,thereupon showing them civilities according to their age and place ,krishna sat on his golden throne4 ,the kings too occupied seats according to their ranks4 ,as the gods and ,asuras shine in ,brahma's ,durbar-,hall so those kings appeared exquisitely beautiful4 ,thereupon in the hearing of ,keshava1 the ,yadus and kings discoursed on various themes 7#h-af74 ,in the meantime there blew a hurricane accompanied with the muttering of clouds charged with lighting4 ,a few moments after riving from that unfair weather1 ,nrada appeared there covered entirely with matted locks and with the ,vin in his hand 7#ag-ah74 ,sakra's friend1 the ascetic ,nrada1 effulgent like fire1 dropped before the kings like a scintillation4 ,as soon as that foremost of ascetics1 ,nrada touched the ground the unfair weather disappeared4 ,having entered that ocean-like court of the kings ,nrada said to the eternal ,yadu king who was seated on his throne3--,o thou of large arms1 thou alone hast become an object of wonder to the gods4 ,o ,purusottama1 there is none blessed like thee in the world4 ,thus addressed the powerful ,krishna1 smilingly said3--,yes ,i am an object of surprise and good luck1 especially in the matter of presents4 ,thus spoken to in the midst of kings the foremost of ,munis1 ,nrada said1 ,o ,krishna1 ,i have got the proper reply4 ,i now depart for my wished-for region 7#ai-bd74 ,the kings present in that meeting could not make out the mystery of ,nrada's words4 ,seeing therefore1 ,nrada1 about to start they said to ,keshava1 the lord of the universe 7#be73--,o ,mdhava1 ,nrada said ',wonder and blessed' and you too replied saying ',presents'4 ,o ,krishna1 we have not been able to decipher these celestial expressions4 ,if we are worthy of listening to the true import we wish to hear it 7#bf-bg74 ,krishna then said to all those leading kings3--,yes1 you are the fit persons to hear it and the twice-born ,nrada will relate it 7#bh74 ,o celestial saint1 describe to these kings who are anxious to hear the true import of your question and my reply4 ,thereat ,nrada1 seated on a white golden seat beautifully embellished1 began to explain those words 7#bi-cj74 ,narada said3--,o ye assembled kings1 hear how ,i have mastered this great question4 ,once on a time when the sun rose after the termination of the night ,i was alone walking on the bank of the ,gang4 ,i saw a tortoise of the shape of my ,vin1 extending over two ,krosas4 ,it was huge like a mountain1 had four legs1 two coatings1 was soaked with water1 and covered with mosses4 ,its skin was hard like that of an elephant4 ,then touching that acquatic animal with my hands ,i said3--,o tortoise1 methinks you have a wonderful body and are fortunate1 for you are covered with these two invincible coatings4 ,and not caring for any body you1 without any anxiety1 range in the water 7#ca-cf74 ,hearing it that water-ranging tortoise said to me like a man3--,what wonder is there in me1 ,o ,muni8 ,and how can ,i be blessed8 ,this ,gang1 flowing downwards1 is blessed in whom range hundreds and thousands of animals like myself4 ,what is more wonderful than she8 7#cg-ch7 ,thereat filled with curiosity ,i approached the river ,gang and said3--,o foremost of rivers1 you have many lakes in you4 ,adorned with many huge-bodied animals1 you1 protecting the hermitages1 are you going to the ocean4 ,blessed are you therefore and have many wonders in you 7#ci-dj74 ,o ,janamejaya1 thus spoken to ,gang1 in her own form1 appeared before the foremost of the twice-born1 the celestial ,gandharva ,nrada1 the favourite of ,indra and said ,o celestial songster1 ,o foremost of the twice-born1 ,o you fond of quarrels1 do not say so2 ,i am nither blessed nor ,i do contain wonders4 ,i am afraid of the words of a truthful person like yourself4 ,o twice-born one1 that ocean is blessed and full of big wonders where hundreds of rivers like myself are flowing4 ,hearing the words of 7,ganga7 flowing in three ways ,i went to the ocean and said3--,o great ocean1 ,o lord of waters1 you are the origin of all waters--therefore you are blessed and full of wonders in the world4 ,specially1 the rivers1 full of waters1 worshipped by the world and purifying them1 come to you as your wives4 ,thus addressed1 riving the waters1 by the force of the wind1 the ocean rose up and said3--,o celestial songster1 ,o foremost of the twice-born1 do not say so2 ,i am neither full of wonders1 nor ,i am blessed4 ,blessed is the earth on whom ,i live4 ,what is more wonderful than the earth in the universe8 ,hearing the words of the ocean1 ,i1 filled with curiosity1 went to the bed of the earth and said to ,prithivi the energy of the universe3--,o beautiful earth1 endued with great patience1 thou art blessed and wonderful in the universe for thou art sustaining all the worlds4 ,thou hast given birth to the churning rod of men and patience4 ,thou art the work of the sky-ranging gods4 ,excited at my words and forsaking her natural patience she replied3--,o celestial songster fond of quarrels1 do not say so4 ,i am neither blessed nor wonderful4 ,this my patience is dependant on another4 ,o foremost of the twice-born1 the mountains1 that are upholding me1 are indeed great and wonders are seen in them4 ,they are the bridges of the worlds4 ,o kings1 hearing those words ,i went to the mountains and said ,o ye mountains1 great you are and full of many great wonders4 ,besides you are the mines of gold and many precious jems1 and you are living on earth for ever4 ,the immobile mountains1 adorned with forests1 replied to my question in consoling accents4 ,o ,brhmana saint1 we are not great and there is no wonder in us4 ,the creator ,brahm alone is great and wonderful even amongst the celestials 7#da-eh74 ,thereupon thinking that with the ,creator ,brahm1 this cycle of questions would terminate ,i went to him4 ,approaching in order1 the four-headed1 ,self-sprung ,deity1 the origin of the world ,i saluted him and said to him1 expecting that my words would come to a close3--,thou art alone great1 wonderful and the preceptor of the world4 ,there is no other creature in this world which is equal to thee4 ,from thee has emanated this universe identical with mobile and immobile creations4 ,o king of gods1 the gods1 ,dnavas and other creations of the three worlds1 and this universe1 manifest and unmanifest1 have all emanated from thee4 ,thou art the eternal king of gods4 ,o ,god1 while thou art the best of gods what wonder is there that thou art the origin of all the worlds4 ,hearing my words the ,grand-,father ,brahm said3--,o ,nrada1 why do you call me great and wonderful8 ,the ,vedas1 which are upholding the worlds1 are great and wonderful4 ,o ,vipra1 know me as identical with the truths that lie in ,rik1 ,saman1 ,yayur and ,atharvan4 ,the ,vedas are upholding me and ,i too uphold them 7#ei-fg74 ,hearing the words of the ,self-sprung ,parameshtin1 ,i made up my mind for going to the ,vedas4 ,according to the words of the ,grand-,father ,i went near the four ,vedas worshipped with mantras and said3--,o ye ,vedas1 the ,grand-,father has said that you are great1 wonderful and the source of the ,brhmanas4 ,you are superior even to the ,self-sprung ,deity4 ,there is none in ,sruti and ,tapas superior to you4 ,therefore ,i have come to ask you4 ,thereupon the ,vedas1 with their faces towards me1 replied3--,the ,yajnas are great and wonderful4 ,o ,nrada1 we have been created for ,yajnas and are not masters of ourselves4 ,so the ,yajnas lord over us4 ,hearing that the ,vedas are superior to the ,self-sprung ,deity and the ,yajnas are superior to the ,vedas ,i approached the ,yajnas headed by the household fire and said 7#fh-gd73--,o ye ,yajnas1 as spoken by the ,grand-,father and the ,vedas1 great effulgence is seen in you4 ,there is nothing in this world more wonderful than you4 ,you are born from the twice-born and are therefore great4 ,by you1 with a portion of the sacrificial offerings the gods are pleased1 the great saints with mantras and the ,agnis with oblations 7#ge-gg74 ,after ,i had finished my say ,agnisthoma and other ,yajnas1 stationed in the sacrificial grounds1 replied3--,o ,muni1 there is no such word as wonder and great in our midst4 ,vishnu alone is the great wonder--and he is our supreme refuge4 ,the lotus-eyed ,vishnu1 manifested as men1 offers those oblations into fire on which we feed4 ,as the large-armed ,vishnu1 having eyes like red lotuses1 is great with his consort1 so great is a ,yajna accompanied with presents4 ,afterwards ,i came down on earth to ascertain ,vishnu's movements and saw ,krishna encircled by kings like your worthy selves4 ,i said to ,mdhava surrounded by you all ,thou art great and wonderful and he too replied saying with presents4 ,this has put a stop to my words4 ,pursuing words in order1 beginning with the tortoise ,i have come here--and they have now been verified in this ,purusha with ,dakshin4 ,i have thus explained1 as questioned by you1 the secret of my words4 ,i now go whence ,i have come4 ,after the departure of ,nrada to the celestial region1 the kings1 stricken with wonder1 repaired to their respective territories with their army and conveyances4 ,the heroic ,yadu chief1 ,janrddana too1 with the ,yadavas1 effulgent like fire1 entered into his own palace 7#gh-hh74 ,,chapter ,,cclviii4 ,,arjuna ,,describes ,,another ,,wonderful ,,work4 ,janamejaya said3--,o you of large arms1 ,o foremost of the twice-born1 ,i wish again to listen to an account of the glorious deeds of ,krishna1 the lord of the world4 ,i have not been satiated with listening to the extensive works of the high-souled1 intelligent and ancient ,purusha ,krishna 7#a-b74 ,vaishampyana said3--,o king1 it is impossible to finish1 even in hundred years1 the account of the glorious deeds of ,govinda 7#c74 ,hear now of the highly wonderful deeds of ,keshava which ,vibhatsu 7,arjuna71 the holder of ,gndiva bow1 described excited by ,bhisma lying on the bed of arrows 7#d74 ,o royal descendant of ,kuru1 hear what he told his eldest brother ,yudhisthira who had vanquished all his enemies1 in the presence of the kings 7#e74 ,arjuna said3--,formerly to see my relations ,i had gone to the city of ,dwrak and entertained by the ,bhojas1 ,vrishnis and ,andhakas ,i had lived there for some time 7#f74 ,at that time the virtuous-souled and large-armed slayer of ,madhu undertook the celebration of a sacrifice extending over a day according to ,shastric rites4 ,when ,krishna sat for the celebration of that sacrifice1 one ,brhmana1 describing his own affairs1 sought for protection 7#g-h74 ,the ,brhmana said3--,o lord1 thou art now in charge of the protection 7of subjects72 besides a saviour is entitled to the one fourth share of the piety acquired by a good work 7#i74 ,vasudeva said3--,o foremost of the twice-born1 may you farewell4 ,do not fear 7any body74 ,i will protect you from him1 even if it be a difficult task1 who is the cause of your fear4 ,tell me who is the spring of your fear 7#aj74 ,the ,brhmana said3--,o thou of large arms1 my sons are stolen away as soon as they are born4 ,o sinless ,krishna1 three of my sons were stolen away as soon as they were born4 ,thou shouldst now protect the fourth son4 ,o ,janrddana1 my wife is under the labour pain4 ,thou shouldst so arrange that my child may not be stolen away 7#aa-ab74 ,arjuna said3--,thereupon ,govinda said to me ,i am to day celebrating a sacrifice4 ,but a ,brhmana should be protected by us in whatever circumstances we may be4 ,hearing those words of ,krishna ,i said to ,govinda3--,appoint me1 ,i will remove the fear of the ,brhmana 7#ac-ad74 ,thus addressed ,janarddana1 smiling a little1 said3--,will you be able to save him8 ,o kings1 ,i was greatly ashamed hearing those words of ,krishna4 ,seeing me thus ashamed ,janrddana again said ,go1 if you are capable of protecting him4 ,except the large-armed ,rma and the great car-warrior ,pradyumna1 let all other members of the ,vrishni and ,andhaka families follow you4 ,thereupon encircled by the ,vrishni army1 ,i set out with the ,brhmana before me 7#ac-ah74 ,,chapter ,,cclix4 ,,arjuna ,,goes ,,to ,,rescue ,,the ,,brahmana ,,and ,,becomes ,,unsuccessful4 ,arjuna said3--,o foremost of the ,bharata race1 within a moment we reached the boundary of the village and encamped because all our animals were tired 7#a74 ,o descendant of ,kuru1 a few moments after encircled by the huge ,vrishni army ,i entered into the city 7#b74 ,at that time all was ablaze and burning vultures and beasts frighted me 7#c74 ,huge and black fire-brands fell down1 the sun was shorn of its effulgence and the earth trembled 7#d74 ,beholding those dreadful and hair-stirring evil omens1 ,i1 filled with anxiety1 ordered my soldiers to get ready4 ,hearing it the great car warriors of the ,vrishni and ,andhaka families headed by ,yuyudhana got ready their respective cars and ,i too put on my arms 7#e-f74 ,after the expiration of the mid-night that ,brhmana1 stricken with fear1 approached us and said ,my wife is on the point of giving birth to a child4 ,do you station yourselves so that ,i may not be cheated 7#g-h74 ,in a moment1 ,o king1 piteous cries were heard in the ,brhmana's house exclaiming ,stolen6 ,stolen6 7#i74 ,afterwards we also heard the cries of the baby in the sky1 but could not see the ,rkshasa 7#aj74 ,afterwards we agitated all the quarters with a downpour of arrows1 but the boy was however stolen away 7#aa74 ,when that boy was stolen away that ,brhmana crying addressed to us such harsh words that the ,vrishnis lost themselves and ,i too lost my senses4 ,he particularly said to me3--,you said that you would protect me1 but could not do so4 ,therefore listen to these beneficial words1 ,o wicked minded wretch 7#ab-ad74 ,you always vaunt with ,keshava of incomparable intellect4 ,had ,govinda been here this mischief would not have been created4 ,o stupid man1 as a saviour is entitled to the one-fourth share of the virtue1 so he1 who cannot protect one1 is constrained to participate of the sin2 you said that you would protect me but you have not been able to do so4 ,in vain is your ,gndiva1 prowess and fame 7#ae-ag74 ,however ,i did not speak anything to the ,brhmana1 but went with the princes of the ,vrishni and ,andhaka families where the highly effulgent ,krishna was4 ,afterwards going to city of ,dwravati ,i saw ,govinda the slayer of ,madhu and he too1 saw me1 filled with shame and sorrow4 ,beholding me ashamed ,mdhava consoled me and the ,brhmana with sweet words4 ,thereupon he said to ,druka3--,get ready my horses1 ,sugriva1 ,saivya1 ,meghapushpa1 and ,balhaka4 ,afterwards making the ,brhmana ascend the car and sending down ,druka1 ,shura's descendant ,krishna asked me to act as the charioteer4 ,o descendant of ,kuru1 afterwards1 ,krishna1 the ,brhmana and myself set out on that car towards the north 7#ah-bj74 ,,chapter ,,cclx4 ,,krishna ,,rescues ,,the ,,brahmana',s ,,sons4 ,arjuna said3--,thereupon crossing the mountains1 rivers and forests we saw the ocean the abode of ,makara4 ,thereat the ocean1 in his true form1 with folded hands and carrying ,argya1 appeared before ,janrddana and said ,what am ,i to do8 7#a-b7 ,having accepted the adoration from the ocean ,janrddana said3--,o ,lord of rivers1 ,i wish you to afford passage for my car 7#c74 ,thereupon ,samudra1 with folded hands1 said to ,garudadhwaja3--,be pleased ,o ,lord6 do not act thus1 or else others will do so 7#d74 ,o ,janrddana1 thou didst formerly place me in this unfathomable expanse4 ,i shall have to follow the way thou wilt institute 7#e74 ,if thou dost do so1 other kings1 elated with the pride of their strength1 will cross me by this way4 ,therefore ,o ,govinda1 do whatever thou dost think proper 7#f74 ,vsudeva said3 ,for my sake and for this ,brhmana1 follow my words4 ,save me no one else will be able to assail you 7#g74 ,thereupon1 in fear of a curse the ocean again said to ,janrddana3--,let it be so4 ,o ,krishna1 ,o slayer of ,keshi1 ,i will dry up the path in which your car1 adorned with flags1 will proceed with its charioteer 7#h-i74 ,vasudeva said3--,o ocean1 ,i had conferred upon you the boon formerly that you would never be dried up1 lest the people might form an idea of the collection of your gems4 ,you are to stop the agitation of your water to that extent only that may admit me with my car4 ,in that case no man will be able to estimate the collection of your jems 7#aj-aa74 ,hearing it the ocean said ,so be it2 and we proceeded through that lustrous red water as if we were on land 7#ab74 ,within a moment we crossed the ocean1 ,uttarakuru and ,gandhamdana4 ,thereupon ,jayanta1 ,vaijayanta1 ,neela1 ,rajata1 ,mahmeru1 ,kailasha and ,indrakuta1 these seven mountains1 assuming various wonderful forms1 appeared before ,keshava and saluting ,govinda said3--,what are we to do8 ,welcoming them all duly ,hrishikesha1 the slayer of ,madhu1 said to the mountains who stood before him with bending heads ,you are to give me passage4 ,hearing the words of ,krishna and accepting them the mountains gave him the passage and disappeared4 ,o foremost of ,bharata's race1 beholding this work ,i was filled with great surprise4 ,however as the sun passes through clouds so our car careered on unobstructed4 ,and that best of cars1 crossing the seven insular continents1 oceans and seven rivers as well as ,lokaloka1 entered another region 7#ac-bj74 ,while proceeding thus at a certain place ,i found the horses carrying the car with great difficulty4 ,touching it with my hands ,i perceived that the darkness was owing to thick mud4 ,it gradually assumed the form of a mountain4 ,seeing it1 ,govinda dispelled that darkness and mud with his discus and the sky and the passage of the car became visible 7#ba-bc74 ,when the sky became visible and we came beyond the pale of darkness my fear was removed and ,i thought that ,i was alive4 ,a few moments after ,i saw in the sky a bundle of effulgence1 of the shape of a man1 extending over all the worlds 7#bd-be74 ,then ,rishikesha entered into that bundle of effulgence and that best of ,brhmanas and myself waited on the car4 ,within a moment the powerful ,krishna returned with the four sons of the ,brhmana and gave those three boys who had been stolen before and the new born baby into the hands of the ,brhmana 7#bf-bh74 ,o emperor1 regaining his sons the ,brhmana was highly pleased and ,i too was filled with great joy and surprise 7#bi74 ,o foremost of the ,bharatas1 afterwards we1 with the ,brhmana's sons1 came out in the same way as we had gone there4 ,o foremost of kings1 arriving at ,dwrak within a moment we saw that even the first part of the day was not complete4 ,at that ,i was again filled with surprise4 ,there upon the highly illustrious ,krishna fed that ,brhmana with his sons and satisfying him with riches sent him away to his own house 7#bi-cb74 ,,chapter ,,cclxi4 ,,krishna ,,explains ,,the ,,mystery4 ,arjuna said3--,o ,bharata1 afterwards1 having fed many hundreds of ,rishi-like ,brhmanas and taken his meals along with myself and other members of the ,vrishni and ,bhoja races1 ,krishna discoursed on various wonderful and divine topics 7#a-b74 ,after the termination of ,janrddana's discourse1 ,i1 filled with curiosity about what ,i had seen1 approached him and said3--,o lotus-eyed ,krishna1 how the water of the ocean came to a stand-still8 ,how was that dreadfully dense darkness dispelled with thy discus8 ,how didst thou enter into that bundle of effulgence8 ,o lord1 why where the ,brhmana boys stolen by that effulgence4 ,how was such a long distance shortened8 ,how could we go and come back within such a short time ,o ,keshava1 do thou describe all these things duly to me 7#c-g74 ,vasudeva said3--,in order to see me that great ,purusha stole away the sons of the ,brhmana thinking that for him ,i would go there and not otherwise 7#h74 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 the great divine effulgence which you saw there is nothing but me full of ,brahma effulgence4 ,that is my eternal effulgent energy4 ,that is my eternal great ,prakriti1 manifest and unmanifest4 ,entering into her 7understanding her nature7 the great ,yogins attain to final liberation 7#i-aj74 ,prakriti is the refuge of the ,sankhya ,yogins and the ascetics4 ,and she is the great ,brhmana4 ,she makes divisions in the universe 7#aa74 ,o ,bhrata1 know her as my creative energy4 ,i am that ocean of stilled water4 ,i stilled her water 7#ab74 ,i am those seven mountains and the pitch darkness begotten by mud which you saw4 ,i am the cloud-like darkness and its dispeller4 ,i am the author of elements and eternal religion4 ,the moon1 the sun1 the huge mountains1 the rivers1 the lakes1 the four quarters are my four-fold souls4 ,from me have emanated the four ,varnas and four ,asramas4 ,know me as the author of four-fold learning 7#ac-af74 ,arjuna said3--,o lord1 ,o divine master of all creatures1 ,o ,purusottama1 salutation unto thee4 ,i wish to know thy true self and therefore have ,i sought thy protection and put this question 7#ag74 ,vasudeva said3--,o descendant of ,bharata1 ,o son of ,pandu1 from me have emanated ,brahman1 ,brhmana1 ,tapas1 truth and every other thing small or great4 ,o large-armed ,dhananjaya1 ,i am your favourite and you are my favourite4 ,and for this ,i tell you this or else ,i would not have done so4 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 ,o son of ,prith1 ,i am ,rik1 ,yayush1 ,sman and ,atharvan 7#ah-ai74 ,the ,rishis1 the gods and the ,yajnas are my energies4 ,from me have emanated earth1 air1 ether1 water1 the five luminous bodies1 the moon1 the sun1 day1 night1 fortnight1 months1 seasons1 muhurttas1 ,kal ,khana1 year1 various mantras1 the various ,shstras1 learnings and every other thing4 ,o son of ,kunti1 creation and destruction also proceed from me4 ,my soul is real and unreal and ,i am the pure ,brahman 7#bj-bc74 ,arjuna said3--,at that time ,hrishikesh1 out of his love for me1 said this to me and since then my mind is ever attached to ,janrddana4 ,i had heard of ,keshava's power and saw this myself4 ,there are more powerful deeds of ,janrddana than what ,i have just described at your request 7#bd-be74 ,vaishampyana said3--,hearing those words the virtuous king ,yudhisthira1 the foremost of ,kurus1 worshipped ,purusottama ,govinda1 in his mind4 ,at that time ,yudhisthira1 all his brothers and the courtier kings were filled with surprise 7#bf-bg74 ,,chapter ,,cclxii4 ,,krishna',s ,,feats ,,described4 ,janamejaya said3--,o foremost of the twice-born ,i wish to hear again truly the incomparable deeds of the intelligent ,vsudeva the foremost of the ,yadus1 ,o you of great effulgence1 ,i have attained to great delight by hearing of the numberless1 wonderful1 heavenly and ordinary deeds of ,krishna4 ,o sinless ,muni1 describe them all to me4 7#a-c74 ,vaishampyana said3--,o king ,i had already described the many wonderful feats of the high-souled ,keshava and you too have heard them repeatedly4 ,o you of large arms1 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 ,i have described them many a time no doubt1 but it is impossible to finish them4 ,but ,o great king1 while you are anxious to listen to an account of the glorious deeds of ,vsudeva of incomparable power ,i should describe what little ,i1 can4 ,hear1 ,i shall describe them from the beginning 7#d-f74 ,while residing at ,dwaravati1 the intelligent ,yadu king ,keshava invaded the territories of many highly powerful kings 7#g74 ,at that time1 a ,dnava1 by name ,vichakra1 who used to seek loop-holes of the ,yadavas1 was killed4 ,going to the city of ,prgyotish situate at the bed of the ocean the great ,keshava killed the wicked ,asura ,naraka4 ,vanquishing ,vsava he1 by force1 carried away his ,prijta tree 7#h-i74 ,in the lake ,lohita the divine ,varuna was vanquished by ,keshava4 ,in the ,deccan the ,karusha king ,dantavakra was killed4 ,after he had committed a hundred offences ,shishupala was slain4 ,o king1 repairing to the city of ,shonita ,mdhava vanquished1 in a great battle1 the thousand-handed and highly powerful ,vna the son of ,bali protected by ,shankara and left him only alive 7#aj-ab74 ,all the fires in the mountains were suppressed by that high-souled one and ,shalwa and ,soubha were defeated and killed by him in battle 7#ac74 ,having assailed the ocean ,janrddana took from him the conch-shell ,paachajanya and ,hayagriva and other highly powerful kings have been killed by him 7#ad74 ,on ,jarasandha being slain by him all the kings have been released4 ,having vanquished all the kings on a single car he carried away the daughter of the ,gndhara king4 ,the sons of ,pandu1 deprived of their kingdom and stricken with sorrow1 were protected by him4 ,having consumed the dreadful forest of ,khndava belonging to ,sachi's lord he conferred ,gndiva1 given by fire1 on ,arjuna4 ,o ,janamejaya1 when the dreadful conflict took place1 this ,yadu king ,janrddana acted as the ambassador4 ,on behalf of the ,pndavas he promised before ,kunti1 ,after the termination of the ,bhrata war ,i will return the kingdom to your sons4 ,by him the highly effulgent ,nriga was released of his curse and the well known ,kla ,yavana was killed4 ,by him the highly powerful and irrepressible monkeys ,mainda and ,dwivida were defeated in battle and ,jmvavn was vanquished4 ,although possessed by death ,sandipani's son and your father was restored to life again4 ,o ,janamejaya1 ,i had already described to you how the kings met with death in many battles destructive of men 7#ae-bc74 ,,chapter ,,cclxiii4 ,,vana--,,the ,,great ,,asura4 ,janamejaya said3--,o foremost of the twice-born1 ,i have heard many incomparable deeds of that intelligent ,yadu king many a time4 ,o foremost of moral men1 ,o you having asceticism for your wealth1 ,i wish now to hear how ,vsudeva behaved towards ,vna as mentioned by you before4 ,o ,brahman1 how could that ,asura1 who was protected by ,shankara1 obtain the sonship of that god of gods8 ,how could he live in the company of his ,guhas8 ,the son of the powerful ,bali was the eldest of a hundred brothers and had thousand hands adorned with hundreds of celestial weapons1 was encircled by numberless huge-bodied ,asuras and was a master of hundreds of illusion4 ,how was ,vna1 desirous of fighting a duel and inflamed with anger1 defeated by ,vasudeva in battle ,and why did ,keshava leave him off with life8 ,vaishampyana said3--,hear1 ,o king1 with attention how a terrible encounter took place between ,vna and ,krishna of incomparable energy in the land of men8 ,o king1 hear how ,bali's son ,vna1 helped by ,rudra and ,kumra1 and always spoken high of in battle1 was defeated by ,vasudeva and left off with his life1 how the high-souled ,shankara used to keep him always by him and conferred on him the sovereignty over ,ganus2 how the ,asura ,vna obtained the sonship of that god of gods2 how a great battle ensued between him and ,vsudeva and how he was left off with his life 7#a-aa74 ,once on a time seeing the high-souled ,kumra 7,krtikeya7 while sporting the highly powerful ,bali's son was filled with surprise4 ,then thinking1 ,how may ,i be ,rudra's son8 he desired to carry on hard austerities for worshipping ,rudra4 ,gradually the more that foremost of ,asuras rendered himself glorious by practising hard austerities the more pleased was ,siva1 who is easily satisfied1 with ,um4 ,having attained to an excess of satisfaction with the austerities of ,vna1 the blue-throated deity himself went there and said to the ,asura3--,may you fare well3 pray for a boon which you cherish at heart 7#ab-ae74 ,thereupon ,vna said to ,maheswara1 the god of gods3--,o three-eyed deity1 my prayer is that thou mayst confer on me the son-ship of the goddess 7#af74 ,saying ,so be it ,shankara said to the goddess3--,accept him as your son4 ,he is the younger brother of ,krtikeya4 ,forsooth1 his city will be laid out at that place from where formerly ,mahsena rose up from the blood produced by fire4 ,that best of cities will be celebrated by the name of ,shonita-pura4 ,no body will be able to withstand the beautiful ,vna completely protected by me 7#ag-ai74 ,thereupon ,vna lived in the city of ,shonita and governed his kingdom oppressing the gods4 ,gradually the thousand-armed one was so much worked up with the pride of his prowess that disregarding the gods he solicited a battle with them 7#bj-ba74 ,at that time ,kumra give him a standard burning like fire and an effulgent peacock to carry him4 ,afterwards1 by the power of ,maheshwara1 the god of gods1 ,vna so fought that none amongst the gods1 ,gandharvas1 ,yakshas and ,rkshasas could keep himself firm at that time 7#bb-bc74 ,protected completely by ,tryamvaka and elated with pride the ,asura1 desirous of fighting1 again approached ,siva 7#bd74 ,approaching ,rudra and saluting him ,bali's son said3--,the gods1 ,sdhyas and ,marutas1 whom ,i repeatedly vanquished with the help of my army and under your protection1 have come here and are living happily4 ,o god1 vanquished by me1 filled with terror and despairing of my defeat the gods are living happily in the celestial city under your protection4 ,so despairing of success in battle ,i do not wish to live any longer2 there is no use of holding all these arms if ,i cannot fight4 ,save fighting my mind does not fix upon any thing else4 ,be thou propitiated and tell me when ,i shall be able to fight 7#be-bi74 ,thereupon the ,divine ,vrishadhwaja similingly said3--,o ,dnava ,vna1 hear how you will enter upon a battle4 ,when this your standard1 planted in your own city1 will be broken1 you will enter upon a battle 7#cj-ca74 ,thus spoken to ,vna1 smiling again and again1 prostrated himself at ,bhava's feet and said3--,by my good luck1 my holding these thousand arms has not become fruitless4 ,i will again1 by my good fortune1 defeat the thousand-eyed deity4 ,thereupon having his eyes filled with tears of joy1 ,vna1 the aggrandiser of his enemies1 prostrated himself on the ground and adored ,maheshwara with his five hundred fingers4 ,maheshwara said3--,rise up ,o hero you will soon obtain a fight befitting your family and thousand arms 7#cb-cd74 ,vaishampyana said3--,thus addressed by the high-souled three-eyed deity ,vrishadhwaja ,vna1 with delight1 saluted him and rose up speedily 7#ce74 ,thereupon dismissed by the blue-throated deity ,vna1 the victor of hostile cities1 entered into the room of standards in his own palace4 ,seated there he smilingly said to ,kumbhnda3--,i will give a pleasant tidings after your heart4 ,hearing it the minister ,kumbhnda smilingly said to ,vna1 incomparable in battle3--,o king1 what pleasant news are you desirous of communicating to me8 ,o foremost of ,daityas1 my eyes have been expanded with joy and surprise4 ,i wish to learn what boon you have obtained 7#cf-ci74 ,by the grace of the blue-throated deity as well as that of ,skanda what boon have you obtained8 ,has ,trident-handed deity given you the kingdom of the three worlds8 ,will ,indra1 in fear of you1 enter into nether region8 ,will ,diti's sons be freed from the fear of ,vishnu afraid of whose discus they entered into the ocean8 ,will not ,diti's sons have to fear ,vishnu stationed in battle with ,shrnga bow and club in his hands 7#dj-db78 ,will the great ,asuras1 under the protection of your power1 leave the nether region and reside in the celestial city 7#dc78 ,o king1 your father ,bali1 defeated by ,vishu's power1 is living in chains4 ,will he rise up from the water and regain his kingdom 7#dd74 ,shall we see again your father ,bali1 ,virochona's son1 adorned with celestial garlands and pasted with celestial unguents 7#de78 ,o ,lord1 shall we1 vanquishing the gods1 bring again to our subjection the worlds pilfered with three steps 7#df78 ,shall we vanquish the god ,nryana1 the victor of armies1 who is preceeded by the grave and cool sound of his conch-shell 7#dg78 ,from the dancing of your heart and tears of joy it appears that ,vrishadhwaja has been propitiated by you4 ,have you1 by the ,lord's pleasure and ,kartikeya's consent1 obtained for us all the dignity of the king of the earth8 7#dh-di7 ,encouraged by the words of ,kumbhnda1 ,vna1 the foremost of ,asuras and speakers1 gave vent to the following powerful words3--,i have not been able to fight for a long time4 ,therefore stricken with sorrow ,i said to the divine blue throated deity3--',o lord1 ,i am filled with a great desire for battle4 ,tell me when ,i shall enter on a battle conducive to the satisfaction of my mind'4 ,hearing it ,hara1 the god of gods1 and the slayer of his enemies1 smiled for some time and then said to me in sweet words3-',o ,vna1 in no time you will face a great battle4 ,o ,diti's son1 when your peacock standard will be broken you will find a great battle awaiting you4' ,after the divine ,vrishadhwaja had said this ,i saluted him and came to you 7#ej-ee74 ,thus addressed ,kumbhnda said to the king of ,asuras3 ,o king1 the words given vent to by you appear to be highly charming4 ,while they were thus conversing the huge standard1 clapped by ,indra's thunderbolt1 dropped down with great force 7#ef-eg74 ,beholding that most excellent standard thus struck down ,asura ,vna was filled with joy in anticipation of an approaching battle4 ,at that time struck by ,indra's thunder-bolt the earth trembled and a cat1 hiding itself under the earth1 began to mew4 ,in the city of ,shonita1 ,vsava1 the king of gods1 began to shower blood around the king's palace 7#eh-fj74 ,piercing the sun huge fire-brands fell down on earth4 ,the sun1 rising with the planet ,kirtika1 assailed ,rohini 7#fa74 ,hundreds and thousands of dreadful streams of blood fell from ,chaitya trees and stars continually fell 7from the sky7 7#fb74 ,though that men-destroying hour was not a ,parva yet ,rhu devoured the sun and huge-fire brands fell4 ,a comet appeared in the south and dreadful winds blew continually 7#fc-fd74 ,encircled by three-coloured ,parighas1 the sun1 effulgent like lightning1 having white and red corners and black neck1 covered the hue of the evening4 ,as if chastising ,rohini1 the birth star of ,vna1 the dreadful ,angaraka entered as ,rahu into ,kirtik4 ,the huge ,chaitrya tree1 having many branches1 which the ,dnava maidens used to worship1 fell down on earth4 ,vna1 elated with the pride of his strength1 though he saw all these evil portends1 could not make out that he would be defeated 7#fe-fh74 ,but ,vna's wise and right-seeing minister ,kumbhnda1 struck with sorrow1 spoke much on all those evil omens4 ,he said3--,these omens presage evil4 ,forsooth they indicate the destruction of your kingdom2 on account of the evil conduct of a king like yourself1 we ministers1 along with your servants1 will meet with destruction4 ,alas6 ,as the tree1 the banner of ,sakra1 has fallen down1 so will proud ,vna1 always vaunting out of ignorance1 will fall4 ,desirous of conquering the three worlds for the favour of the god of gods1 ,van is crying out for battle4 ,but on the other hand his destruction is drawing near 7#fi-gc74 ,thereupon ,vna1 of great prowess1 began to drink delightedly ,asava wine in the company of ,daitya and ,danava damsels 7#gd74 ,beholding those portends and filled with anxiety ,kumbhnda entered into the king's palace2 and thinking of those evil omens1 he said3--,the wicked and careless ,asura king ,vna1 elated with the pride of success1 is desiring for a battle4 ,he does not see his weakness out of ignorance4 ,the evil omens that are being seen now1 may not be true for the present but the fear consequent thereon can never be otherwise 7#ge-gg74 ,the lotus-eyed ,siv and the powerful ,krtikeya live here and so these evil omen's may be destroyed4 ,but methinks our sins will never be dissipated4 ,a great destruction1 begotten by our pride1 is drawing near4 ,alas1 by the oppressions of this king all the ,dnavas have been touched by sin and this will lead to their destruction 7#gh-hj74 ,hara1 the lord of three worlds1 the master of gods and ,dnavas and the divine ,krtikeya live in our city4 ,guha is loved by ,bhava more than his life4 ,but ,vna is still a greater favourite4 ,on account of his excessive pride1 ,vna1 for his own destruction1 prayed for a battle to ,bhava4 ,and that too he has obtained4 ,but it does not appear that a battle will take place4 ,if however an encounter comes off with ,indra and other gods headed by ,vishnu it must be regarded as a creation of ,bhava4 ,if ,bhava and ,kumra are willing to help ,vna nobody will be able to fight with them4 ,the words of the three-eyed deity never prove untrue4 ,forsooth a great ,daitya-destroying battle will soon take place4 ,thus thinking the considerate and right-seeing ,asura ,kumbhnda directed his understanding towards good and said ,those who fight with the virtuous gods meet with destruction as ,bali has been suppressed 7#ha-hh74 ,,chapter ,,cclxiv4 ,,bhava',s ,,sport ,,and ,,vana',s ,,daughter ,,obtains ,a ,,boon4 ,vaishampyana said3--,once on a time ,lord ,bhava was sporting on the bank of a charming river4 ,in that picturesque forest where all the seasons flourish the ,gandharvas1 with hundreds of ,apsaras1 were sporting on all sides4 ,the river bank was fragrant like sky with the scent of ,prijta and ,santnaka flowers 7#a-c74 ,shankara heard the ,apsaras sing in accompaniment with the music of flute1 ,vin1 ,mridanga and ,panava4 ,like bards and panegyrists the beautiful ,apsaras pleased ,um and the beautiful-bodied ,hara1 the god of gods1 and the giver of boons who was clad in a red raiment and adorned with garlands1 singing various songs in their honor4 ,at that time assuming the form of the goddess1 the leading ,apsar1 ,chitralekh pleased ,bhava4 ,the goddess laughed at it4 ,and seeing her please ,ishna other ,apsars also laughed 7#d-g74 ,with the permission of the goddess1 the highly powerful and divine follower of ,bhava1 assuming various forms1 began to play on all sides4 ,thereupon assuming the form of ,mahdeva marked with signs those frolic-some attendants began to play4 ,and the ,apsars too1 assuming the form of the goddess1 sported there4 ,seeing it the goddesss smiled4 ,there arose on all sides sounds of laughter and ,bhava attained to an excess of delight4 ,by an accident the beautiful daughter of ,vna1 by name ,ush1 saw the three-eyed deity sport with ,prvati in the river4 ,beholding ,mahdeva1 effulgent like twelve suns1 assume various forms and sport with the goddess1 for pleasing her1 ,ush thought in her mind3--,the lucky women thus sport in the company of their husbands4 ,and she spoke out her resolution to her friends 7#h-ad74 ,informed of ,ush's desire ,prvati said slowly with joy3--,o ,ush1 as the ,lord ,shankara1 the slayer of his enemies1 is sporting with me so you will soon enjoy the company of your husband 7#ae-af74 ,thus spoken to by the goddess ,ush1 with anxiety-stricken eyes1 thought in her mind3--,when shall ,i sport with my husband8 ,thereat the goddess ,haimavati1 smilingly said3--,o ,ush6 ,hear when you will be united with your husband4 ,the person1 whom you will see in a dream in the night of the twelfth day of the month of ,vaishka while sleeping on the terrace of your palace1 will be your husband 7#ag-ai74 ,thus addressed the ,daitya maiden1 encircled by her friends1 went away1 playing happily1 from that place4 ,then clapping their hands her friends began to ridicule ,ush whose eyes were expanded with joy 7#bj-ba74 ,daughters of ,yakshas1 ,ngas1 ,daityas and many ,kinnaris and ,apsaras were ,ush's friends4 ,they jokingly said3--,o fair lady1 in no time you will have your husband as described by the goddess4 ,you will have a husband1 beautiful and of good birth as you have wished4 ,the words of the goddess never prove untrue 7#bb-bd74 ,receiving in good grace all those words of her friends ,ush began to spend her days in anticipation of the realization of the desire conferred by the goddess4 ,the highly wonderful ladies1 who had come there1 sported for a few days with ,um happily and then returned to their respective habitations4 ,the goddess too disappeared4 ,amongst the females1 some on horse back1 some in conveyances1 and some in elephants1 entered into the city4 ,and some rose up into the sky 7#be-bh74 ,,chapter ,,cclxv4 ,,usha ,,meets ,,her ,,lover ,,while ,,asleep ,,and ,,exhorts ,,her ,,friends ,,to ,,bring ,,him4 ,vaishampyana said3--,thereupon on the twelfth day of the light fortnight of the month of ,vaishkha fair ,ush was sleeping encircled by her companions4 ,at that time a man1 as spoken of1 ravished that beautiful maiden in a dream who was excited with the words of the goddess1 weeping and motionless4 ,the man so ravished her in the night that she got up bathed in blood all on a sudden 7#a-c74 ,thereupon beholding her friend stricken with fear and thus weeping ,chitrlekh gave vent to the following highly wonderful and consoling words3--,do not fear1 ,o ,ush3 why are you weeping and bewailing thus8 ,being the grand daughter of the celebrated ,bali1 why are you assailed with fear8 ,o you of fair eye-brows1 you have no fear in the three worlds4 ,besides your father is the destroyer of all the celestials in battle4 ,why do you fear then8 ,o fair one1 there is no fear in such a room1 as this4 ,rise up1 rise up1 do not be sorry4 ,do you not know1 that ,sachi's ,lord the king of gods was several times defeated by your father and could not come to this city4 ,your father1 the son of the highly powerful ,asura ,bali1 is the source of fear to all the gods 7#d-i74 ,thus addressed by her friend the immaculate daughter of ,vna described to her what she had seen in a dream4 ,ush said3--,thus contaminated how can a chaste maiden dare keep her life8 ,what shall ,i say to my father the enemy of the gods and the slayer of his enemies8 ,while ,i have sullied this powerful family death is preferable to me4 ,there is no happiness in my living4 ,alas6 ,i have been reduced to such a plight that as if ,i co-habited1 while awake1 with a desired-for person4 ,although ,i was sleeping in the night1 who brought me to this condition as if ,i was wide awake8 ,when a maiden is reduced to such a condition how can she dare live 7in this world78 ,the woman1 who is the foremost of chaste damsels1 can long for living but how can a helpless woman1 who has sullied her family1 desire so 7#aj-ae78 ,thus the lotus-eyed ,ush1 encircled by her friends and with eyes full of tears1 bewailed for some time4 ,the friends1 who were there1 lost themselves seeing ,ush weep like one having none to look after her4 ,and with eyes full of tears they said to her3--,o you of fair eye-brows1 if you had done something with a mad motive your mind would have been contaminated4 ,o auspicious lady1 while you have been ravished by force in a dream your vow will not come to an end4 ,besides1 ,o fair lady1 no sin is comitted in a dream in the land of mortals4 ,so you have not transgressed any regulation by such a conduct4 ,the saints1 well-read in scriptures1 hold that the woman who commits sin by mind1 words and especially by deeds1 is considered as fallen4 ,o timid girl1 you have always observed celibacy and even your mind has not been seen to give way1 so how can you be regarded sullied8 ,you are a chaste1 pure and noble woman4 ,you were reduced to this plight while you were asleep and so your virtue will not suffer by this4 ,she is called an unchaste woman1 whose sinful mind leads her to sinful actions4 ,but1 ,o lady1 you are chaste2 you are born in a great family and beautiful4 ,you have always observed celibacy still you have been reduced to such a condition4 ,alas6 it is difficult to tide over destiny4 ,having said this with tearful eyes to weeping ,ush ,kumbhnda's daughter again spoke the following precious words3--,o you of large eyes1 cast off your grief4 ,o you of a beautiful face1 ,i remember an incident which will prove that you are innocent4 ,hear ,i will describe it truly4 ,remember what the goddess ,prvati1 before ,mahadeva1 said to you when you thought of having a husband4 ,at that time with delight the goddess said to you the following words after your own heart4 ',when you will sleep in your palace on the twelfth day of the fortnight of the month of ,vaishkha1 the man1 who will co-habit with you weeping1 that hero1 that slayer of enemies will be your husband'4 ,o you having a moon-like face1 what ,prvati said can never be untrue4 ,forgetting the truth you are weeping4 ,hearing the words of her friend and recollecting the words of the goddess ,vna's daughter cast off her sorrow 7#af-cb74 ,ush said3--,o fair lady1 ,i remember now what the goddess said while sporting with ,bhava4 ,what she said exactly happened in my room4 ,if the wife of ,bhava1 the lord of the world1 wishes him to be my husband then arrange how ,i can know his whereabouts 7#cc-cd74 ,after ,ush had said this ,kumbhnda's daughter1 well-read in the study of words1 gave vent to the following reasonable words3-,why are you so overwhelmed1 ,o lady8 ,nobody knows the glories of his race and his manliness4 ,how can we know that thief1 that unseen and unheard of person whom you saw in dream8 ,o you of red eyes1 he1 all on a sudden1 entered into our inner appartment and ravished you by force although you were weeping4 ,that subduer of enemies1 who has been able to enter1 by force1 this celebrated city of ours1 is not an ordinary man 7#ce-ci74 ,the ,adityas1 ,rudras and ,vasus of dreadful prowess and even the effulgent ,ashwinis cannot enter the city of ,shonita4 ,so that slayer of enemies1 who has entered ,shonitpura and kicked ,vna on his head1 is indeed a hundred times more powerful than they4 ,o you of fair eyes1 of what use are life and objects of enjoyment to that woman who has not got such a heroic husband4 ,when by the favour of the goddess you have obtained such a ,cupid-like husband consider yourself as lucky and blessed4 ,hear1 what you shall have to do now4 ,we are to know his name1 in what family he has been born and who his father is 7#di-dd74 ,after ,kumbhnda's daughter had said this ,ush1 stricken with love1 said3 ,o friend1 how will you be able to know all this8 ,people often find themselves overpowered in their own actions4 ,i cannot therefore find out what reply to give4 ,find out the measure by which ,i may keep my life 7#de-df74 ,hearing it1 the beautiful daughter of ,kumbhnda said again to her weeping friend ,ush3--,o friend1 ,o you having spacious eyes1 ,apsara ,chitralekh is an expert in the work of making peace and sowing dissensions4 ,therefore communicate this to her very soon4 ,thus addressed ,ush was filled with great surprise and delight4 ,and to her friend the ,apsar ,chitralekh poor ,ush1 with folded hands1 said3 7#dg-ej74 ,o fair lady1 hear1 ,i am communicating to you a most important subject4 ,if you do not bring here my beloved1 lotus-eyed husband having the gait of an infuriated elephant ,i will give up my life4 ,hearing it ,chitralekh1 gladdening ,ush1 slowly said3--,o you of firm vows1 he1 of whom you speak1 is not known to me4 ,i do not know the family1 character1 colour and accomplishments of that thief1 nor the country where he resides4 ,but hear1 now1 my friend1 the words suited to the time1 what ,i will be able to accomplish with my intelligence and how you will acquire your wished-for object4 ,o friend1 ,i will paint the likenesses of those who are prominent by virtue of their beauty and birth amongst the gods1 ,dnavas1 ,yakshas1 ,uragas and ,rkshasas1 as well as of those who are leading and well-known in the land of men4 ,o timid girl1 within seven nights ,i will show you their portraits and you will recognise the portrait of your beloved husband and obtain him 7#eg-fj74 ,thus addressed by ,chitralekh who was anxious to please her ,ush asked her loving friend ,chitralekh to do the same4 ,saying ,so be it beautiful ,chitralekh too1 by virtue of her imagination and clever hand1 painted the likenesses of all leading men within seven nights4 ,thereupon spreading all the portraits painted by her she said to ,ush before all her friends3--,look here1 ,i have painted the likenesses of all leading persons amongst the gods1 ,dnavas1 ,kinnaras1 ,uragas1 ,yakshas1 ,rakshasas1 ,gandharvas1 ,asuras1 ,daityas1 and of other various ,naga families as also of the leading figures amongst mankind4 ,i have painted their likenesses all exactly4 ,do you now find out that of your husband whom you saw in the dream 7#fa-fg74 ,thereupon gradually passing from one to another ,ush saw that of ,keshava1 the ,yadu king1 amongst the ,yadavas4 ,seeing ,aniruddha by him her eyes grew expanded with surprise4 ,she said to ,chitralekh3--,this is the thief who1 while ,i was sleeping on the turret of my palace1 ravished me in dream1 a chaste lady as ,i am4 ,i can recognize him by his beauty4 ,he is the thief4 ,o beautiful ,chitrlekha1 describe to me at length his name1 accomplishments1 character and family4 ,we should do what is proper afterwards 7#fh-ga74 ,chitrlekha said3--,o you of expansive eyes1 this your husband1 of dreadful prowess1 is the grand-son of the intelligent ,krishna1 the lord of the three worlds and the son of ,pradyumna4 ,there is none in the three worlds equal to him in prowess4 ,he uproots the mountains and crushes them4 ,blessed and favoured you are1 ,o friend1 since ,bhavni has selected such a great ,yadu prince as your husband 7#gb-gd74 ,ush said3--,o you of large eyes1 ,o you of a beautiful face1 you alone are capable of making us a pair4 ,do find out some refuge for me who am helpless4 ,you are capable of ranging in the sky and assuming various forms4 ,you are also clever in finding out means4 ,do you soon bring here my love4 ,o friend1 ,o fair one1 think of the measure by which you will be able to accomplish this work4 ,the learned speak highly of a friend who helps us in adversity4 ,o you of fair waist1 ,i am stricken with lust4 ,give me my life4 ,if you do not even to-day bring soon my immortal-like husband ,i will forsake my life 7#ge-gi74 ,hearing ,ush's words ,chitralekha said3--,o auspicious and sweet-smiling lady1 hear what ,i say3 ,o timid lady1 as ,vna's city is protected so the city of ,dwaravati is equally invincible4 ,that city is girt with iron walls and the ,vrishni princes and inhabitants of ,dwarak protect it4 ,around that city constructed by the ,celestial ,architect ,viswakarm lies a ditch full of water and at the mandate of the lotus-navelled deity great heroes protect it4 ,there are mountain walls around the city and one is to enter there through a fort way4 ,with seven mountains full of metals seven ditches have been made there4 ,a stranger cannot enter that city4 ,therefore1 save me1 your self and specially your father 7#hj-he74 ,ush said3--,you will undoubtedly be able to enter there through your ,yoga power4 ,o friend1 what more shall ,i say8 ,hear what ,i speak4 ,if ,i do not behold the moon-like countenance of ,aniruddha1 ,i shall forsooth repair to the temple of ,yama4 ,o generous lady1 if works like these are undertaken readily they prove a success4 ,if you therefore wish to see me alive proceed soon on your errand4 ,if you regard me as your friend1 ,i seek your help and ask you with love to bring soon my lover4 ,if one cherishes fear against her life her family meets with extinction4 ,the woman1 who is striken with love1 does not see the defect of her family4 ,those1 which conduce to her pleasure1 are the favourite objects of one stricken with love4 ,and they always carefully seek for them4 ,such is the sanction of the ,shastras4 ,you will surely be able to enter into ,dwaraka1 ,o you of large eyes4 ,i request you again and again4 ,bring my love here4 7#hf-ib74 ,chitrlekha said3--,i have been propitiated by you with nectarine words4 ,you have1 with your sweet words1 made arrangements for your own work4 ,i am just going to the city of ,dwrak4 ,entering that city even to-day ,i will bring your husband ,aniruddha born in the family of ,vrishnis 7#ic-id74 ,giving vent to those truthful words dreadful to the ,dnavas1 ,chitralekh1 fleet like the mind1 disappeared therefrom4 ,in order to please her friend she1 in the third ,muhurtta1 reached ,dwrak governed by ,krishna4 ,she saw there ,dwrak1 adorned with palaces huge as the summits of the mount ,kailsha1 like a star stationed in the sky 7#ie-ih74 ,,chapter ,,cclxvi4 ,,chitralekha ,,unites ,,aniruddha ,,with ,,usha3 ,,aniruddha',s ,,fight ,,with ,,vana',s ,,soldiers4 ,vaishampyana said3--,having arrived at the city of ,dwrak and living near the palace of ,vsudeva ,chitrlekha began to think of the measures by which she might know how ,aniruddha had been to the city of ,van4 ,while she was thus thinking she saw the ascetic ,nrada engaged in meditation in the water 7#a-b74 ,seeing him1 ,chitralekh1 having her eyes expanded with joy1 approached him4 ,having saluted him she stood before him hanging her head down4 ,having blessed ,chitralekh ,nrada said3--,i wish to know truly why you have come here4 ,hearing it ,chitralekha1 with folded hands1 said to the celestial saint ,nrada worshipped of the world 7#c-e74 ,listen to it1 ,o ,reverend ,sir4 ,i have come here as a messenger for taking ,aniruddha with me4 ,hear1 ,o ,muni1 why ,i am to take him with me4 ,a great ,asura1 by name ,vna1 lives in the city of ,shonitapura4 ,he has a most beautiful daughter by name ,ush4 ,she has been attached to that best of men1 ,pradyumna's son1 for he has been selected by her as her husband on account of the boon given by the goddess4 ,i have come here to take him with me4 ,do what leads to my success4 ,o great ,muni1 after ,i had taken ,aniruddha to ,shonitpura communicate the news to ,keshava having eyes like red lotuses for truly an encounter shall take place between ,krishna and ,vna4 ,highly powerful is the great ,asura ,vna in battle1 so ,aniruddha will not be able to defeat him4 ,the large-armed ,keshava will vanquish that thousand-armed ,asura4 ,o reverend ,sir1 ,i have come to you for finding out the means by which the lotus-eyed 7,keshava7 may come to know of it4 ,how shall ,i steal away ,aniruddha and how may ,keshava learn the real truth8 ,o ,sir1 if you are propitiated with me ,i shall not have to fear ,keshava4 ,when angered the large armed ,keshava can consume even the three worlds3 do that by which ,keshava1 stricken with sorrow for his grand-son1 may not consume me with a curse4 ,you should1 ,o celestial saint1 concert a measure by which ,ush may get her husband and ,i may not have anything to fear 7#f-ae74 ,thus addressed by ,chitralekh the divine ,nrada said to her the following sweet words3--,i offer you protection4 ,shorn of fear hear what ,i say4 ,o you of sweet smiles1 if any encounter takes place when you steal away ,aniruddha to the appartment of maidens remember me4 ,o beautiful lady1 ,i am much fond of seeing battles and ,i take great pleasure in them4 ,accept the ,tmasa learning which can infatuate all the worlds and which ,i have mastered by practising hard austerities4 ,after the great saint ,nrada had said this1 ,chitralekh1 quick-coursing like mind1 said ,so be it4 ,thereupon having saluted the high-souled ,rishi ,nrada she set out in the sky searching for ,aniruddha's house 7#ag-ba74 ,thereupon going to the centre of ,dwaravati she saw the beautiful palace of ,kma4 ,near it she saw ,airuddha's palace4 ,it had golden altars and pillars made of gold and sapphires4 ,it was adorned with garlands and jairs full of water4 ,it had beautiful figures of peacocks on the turret and had a rows of celestial buildings set with jems and corals and filled with the music of the ,gandharvas4 ,beholding the huge palace at the centre of ,dwrak where ,pradyumna's son lived happily1 ,chitralekh1 all on a sudden1 saw ,aniruddha there4 ,she saw there ,kma's son playing in the midst of highly beautiful women as the moon shines amongst the stars4 ,hundreds of women were attending on him4 ,seated like ,kuvera on a most excellent beautiful seat ,aniruddha was drinking ,mdhvika wine4 ,there were being sung sweet songs in accompaniment with time4 ,but ,aniruddha's mind was not attached thereto4 ,many accomplished ladies were dancing there but ,chitralekha did not see him pleased thereby4 ,at that time his mind was not much after pleasure and he was showing dislike even for drinking4 ,thereupon thinking ,surely his mind is busy with the dream1 ,chitralekhh was shorn of anxiety 7#bb-ca74 ,beholding ,aniruddha like ,indra's standard in the midst of those beautiful women the intelligent ,chitralekh thus revolved in her mind ,how shall ,i accomplish this work8 ,how shall we meet with well-being8 ,beholding ,aniruddha in the midst of the women in his palace1 the illustrious ,chitralekh1 having beautiful eyes1 thought3--,by my ,tamasik illusion ,i will overpower all except ,aniruddha4 ,thereupon hiding herself in the sky above the palace1 she1 in sweet words1 said to ,kma's son3--,o hero6 ,o descendant of ,yadu1 is it all well with you8 ,have you spent well the day and evening8 ,o large-armed son of ,rati1 hear1 ,i have something to communicate to you4 ,i have come here to inform you something of my friend ,ush4 ,o hero1 ,i have been sent to you by ,ush whom you saw in a dream and married and who has been cherishing you at her heart4 ,o gentle one1 that maiden is again and again weeping1 yawning and sighing for seeing you4 ,o hero1 she will live if you go there4 ,forsooth1 in your absence she will die4 ,o descendant of ,yadu1 although thousands of women are reigning in your heart still you should hold her by the hand who cherishes you at heart4 ,besides while conferring on her a boon the goddess pointed to you as her becoming husband4 ,i have given her your portrait and she has kept it on her bosom4 ,keeping that portrait on her person she is surviving with the hope of seeing you4 ,o foremost of ,yadus1 kindly satisfy her desire4 ,o descendant of ,yadu1 myself and ,ush bow to you with bent heads4 ,o hero1 hear1 ,i will describe now her birth1 family1 character1 nature1 and the history of her father4 ,the daughter of the heroic ,asura king ,vna1 the grand-son of ,virochana who lives in the city of ,shonita1 seeks your hand4 ,her mind is devoted to you and her life depends on you4 ,forsooth the goddess has selected her as your becoming husband4 ,o ,kma's son1 that beautiful maiden is living with the hope of being united with you 7#cb-dg74 ,hearing the words of ,chitralekh ,aniruddha said3--,o beautiful lady1 hear how ,i saw her in a dream4 ,i am day and night beside myself with thinking of her beauty1 weeping and other movements4 ,o ,chitralekh1 ,i wish to see my love4 ,therefore if ,i am worthy of your favour and if you wish to make friends with me take me there4 ,the ,apsar ,chitralekh delightedly said ,accomplished is today what my friend wanted 7#dh-eb74 ,vaishampyana said3--,informed of ,aniruddha's desire the intelligent ,chitralekh said ,so be it 7#dh-ec74 ,crossing the road frequented by ,siddhas and ,chranas ,chitralekh1 all on a sudden1 entered into the city of ,shonitpura4 ,by virtue of her illusory powers the great ,chitralekh1 capable of assuming forms at will1 invisibly arrived where ,ush was1 and she then brought and showed to ,ush the heroic ,aniruddha1 beautiful like ,kandarpa1 clad in a beautiful raiment and adorned with various ornaments 7#ed-eg74 ,thereupon beholding him in the palace by her friend ,ush was filled with surprise and conducted him to her room4 ,having her eyes expanded with joy on seeing her lover ,ush1 with ,arghya1 worshipped the ,yadu prince in her own room4 ,thereupon welcoming ,chitralekh with sweet words1 the maiden1 in fear1 quickly said to her3--,o you clever in work1 how will this work be accomplished secretly8 ,everything will be well if it is finished privately4 ,if it gets wind however our life will be in danger4 ,hearing it ,chitralekh said3--,o friend1 hear what ,i have to say in this matter4 ,the ,providence destroys even manliness4 ,by the favour of the goddess every thing will turn out in your favour4 ,besides if we carefully and secretly finish this work no body will be able to know it4 ,thus addressed by her friend she was consoled and said ,so be it4 ,afterwards she said to ,aniruddha--,by my good luck1 that lucky person has been seen by me1 who acted like a thief in a dream1 and seeking whom as a lover1 difficult to be found1 ,i was stricken with sorrow4 ,o hero1 the heart of women is really tender and therefore ,i ask you ',is everything well8' 7#eh-fg74 ,hearing those sensible and sweet words of ,ush1 ,aniruddha1 the foremost of ,yadus1 replied in still sweeter words4 ,wiping the tears off the eyes of ,vna's daughter he smilingly said in words attracting her mind3--,o goddess1 ,o fair one1 ,o you of sweet words1 ,i give you a happy tidings4 ,everything is well with me every where by your favour4 ,o fair one1 ,i had never seen this place before4 ,only once in a dream ,i came to this city of maidens4 ,o timid girl1 the words of ,rudra's consort can never be untrue1 and therefore by your favour ,i have come to this place4 ,thinking that the goddess will be pleased and you will be satisfied1 ,i have come here and sought your protection4 ,be you pleased 7#fc-gc74 ,thus addressed by her lover1 ,ush1 adorned with beautiful ornaments1 conducted him to a private room and waited there as if stricken with great fear4 ,thereupon united in nuptials according to ,gandharva rites they spent the day like a pair of ,chakravkas4 ,united with her husband1 ,aniruddha1 the beautiful ,ush1 adorned with celestial garlands and unguents1 attained to an excess of joy 7#gd-gf74 ,although she lived happily with ,aniruddha nobody could know it4 ,but a few days after ,vna's guards came to know that ,ush was living with ,aniruddha the foremost of ,yadus adorned with celestial garlands and raiments and pasted with celestial unguents4 ,afterwards they speedily communicated to ,vna the conduct of his daughter which they had seen 7#gg-gi74 ,hearing it the heroic son of ,bali1 ,vna1 the slayer of his enemies1 ordered his servant soldiers to kill ,aniruddha4 ,he said3--,do you all soon proceed and kill that sinful1 wicked wretch who has sullied the character of our family4 ,alas1 ,ush being ravished our great family has been contaminated4 ,alas1 what is the strength1 patience and pride of that stupid person who has entered into my city and palace and has ravished my daughter by force though ,i did not give her away4 ,saying this ,vna again urged on his soldiers4 ,they issued out1 obeying his command and putting on their coats of mail4 ,in great anger those highly dreadful and powerful ,dnavas1 taking up various weapons1 came speedily where ,aniruddha was in order to kill him 7#hj-he74 ,hearing the uproar of that approaching army the heroic son of ,pradyumna said ,what is this8 and rose up all on a sudden4 ,thereupon he saw that the soldiers1 taking up various weapons1 stood encircling that big house4 ,beholding that army1 the illustrious daughter of ,vna began to weep fearing the death of ,aniruddha4 ,her eves were filled with tears4 ,then beholding the deer-eyed ,ush cry piteously ,oh my husband6 ,oh my husband6 and tremble4 ,aniruddha said3--,may your fear disappear4 ,o you of a beautiful waist1 you need not fear as long as ,i am here4 ,o illustrious lady1 you have not the least ground for fear4 ,rather the time of your joy has arrived4 ,if the entire collection of ,vna's servants arrives here ,i am not the least anxious4 ,witness my power to-day1 ,o timid girl 7#hf-hi74 ,hearing the uproar of the soldiers ,pradyumna's son rose up all on a sudden and said ,what is this8 7#ij7 ,thereupon he saw the soldiers encircling with various weapons all sides of that big palace 7#ia74 ,saying this and taking up his arms ,aniruddha1 biting his lips in anger1 speedily went where the soldiers were 7#ib74 ,thereupon understanding that an encounter would soon take place with the followers of ,vna ,chitralekh thought of the god-like ,rishi ,nrada 7#ic74 ,recollected by ,chitralekh that foremost of ,munis1 within a moment1 arrived at the city named ,shonita 7#id74 ,stationed in the sky he said to ,aniruddha3--,do not fear1 ,o hero1 ,i have come to this city 7#ie74 ,thereupon beholding ,nrada and saluting him the highly powerful ,aniruddha grew delighted and made himself ready for the battle 7#if74 ,thereupon hearing the uproar of the soldiers he1 all on a sudden1 rose up like an elephant goaded with a pike 7#ig74 ,beholding that large-armed hero come down from the palace biting his lips they fled away stricken with fear 7#ih74 ,seeing it ,pradyumna's son1 expert in various forms of war-fare1 took up a ,parigha1 lying at the door of the inner appartment and hurled it at them 7#ii74 ,those soldiers1 masters of fighting1 struck ,aniruddha with a downpour of clubs1 maces1 swords1 darts and arrows 7#ajj74 ,although completely wounded with ,nrachas and ,parighas by those expert ,dnavas ,pradyumna1 roaring like an evening cloud1 was not over-powered 7#aja74 ,as the sun ranges in the midst of clouds in the sky1 so he1 taking up a dreadful ,parigha1 stood in their midst 7#ajb74 ,seeing it ,nrada1 carrying a staff and a black antelope skin1 delightedly said to ,aniruddha ,well-done6 ,well-done6 7#ajc7 ,thus assailed with the dreadful ,parigha by ,pradyumna of incomparable power1 the soldiers fled away like clouds dispersed by the wind 7#ajd74 ,having driven with ,parigha the ,dnavas from the battle-field the highly powerful hero ,aniruddha delightedly set up a leonine shout as the clouds mutter in the sky after the termination of the rainy season 7#aje74 ,saying to the ,dnavas1 dreadful in battle ,wait1 wait6 ,pradyumna's son1 the slayer of his enemies1 began to smile4 ,thus assailed by that high-souled hero in battle they1 flying from the battle-field and stricken with fear1 went where ,vna was4 ,and even going near ,vna1 those ,danvas1 bathed in blood and having their eyes dilated with fear1 could not enjoy peace4 ,they began to sigh heavily again and again2 they were urged on by ,van saying ,no fear6 ,no fear6 ,o ye leading ,danavas1 casting off fear1 do ye fight again4 ,vna again said to them who had their eyes dilated with fear3--7#ajf-aaj74 ,throwing off your glory well known in three worlds1 why are you bewildered like eunuchs 7#aaa78 ,who is he1 of whom you are so much afraid1 you who are born in well known families and who are clever in fighting8 7#aab74 ,you need not help me to today4 ,avaunt1 quit my sight 7#aac74 ,censuring them thus with very many harsh words the powerful ,vna ordered millions of other soldiers to proceed to the battle-field1 7#aad74 ,he then appointed ,rudar's army consisting of many ,pramathas with various weapons in vanquishing ,aniruddha 7#aae74 ,thereupon the entire firmament was covered with ,vna's soldiers having burning eyes and resembling clouds surcharged with lightning 7#aaf74 ,some of them stood on the surface of the earth roaring like elephants and some appeared like clouds of the rainy season 7#aag74 ,thereupon when that huge army again assembled there were heard on all sides cries of ,wait6 ,wait6 7#aah74 ,the hero ,aniruddha ran towards them4 ,it was really a wonder1 ,o king1 that he fought then single-handed with many 7#aai74 ,engaged in the encounter with the highly powerful ,dnavas he snatched away their ,parighas and ,tomaras and killed them with them4 ,taking up his most excellent ,parigha again and again in the battle-field the highly powerful ,aniruddha killed the ,daityas endued with great power 7#abj-aba74 ,at that time ,kma's son1 the slayer of his enemies1 taking up his ,nistringsha and leathern protector1 was seen moving about in twelve ways4 ,thus when he moved about in the battle-field in a thousand different ways the enemies saw him as the playing ,death with thousands of mouth wide open4 ,thereupon again assailed by ,aniruddha the ,asuras1 bathed in blood1 again fled away from the battle-field and went where ,vna was4 ,crying plaintively those highly powerful ,asuras fled away on all sides riding elephants1 horses and cars4 ,at that time the ,dnavas1 who had fled from the battle-field1 were so much overwhelmed with sorrow and fear that one fell upon the other and they all vomitted blood4 ,while fighting with ,aniruddha the ,dnavas experienced such a fear as they had not even while fighting with the gods in the days of yore4 ,some vomitted blood and some fell down on earth amongst those ,danavas1 resembling mountain summits who had clubs1 maces and swords in their hands4 ,leaving behind ,vna in the battle-field those vanquished ,danavas fled away in fear to the welkin4 ,beholding his army thus routed to a man ,vna was inflamed with ire like unto sacrificial fire when fuels are put to it4 ,ranging all over the welkin1 ,nrada1 pleased with seeing ,aniruddha's fight1 began to dance exclaiming ,well-done6 ,well-done6 ,in the meantime1 powerful ,vna1 worked up with anger1 ascending the car1 brought by ,kumbhnda1 drove with uplifting sword where ,aniruddha was4 ,as ,sakra shines with his thousand standards so that ,asura appeared beautiful there holding by his thousand hands ,pattias1 swords1 clubs1 darts and axes 7#abb-acd74 ,having his thousand hands adorned with gloves1 finger-protectors and various weapons that best of ,dnavas shone there in exceeding beauty 7#ace74 ,sending up a leonine shout in anger that ,asura1 having eyes reddened in anger1 drew his huge bow and exclaimed ,wait6 ,wait6 ,hearing those words of ,vna in the battle-field that unconquerable son of ,pradyumna saw his face and smiled 7#acf-acg74 ,like unto ,hiranyakashipu's car formerly in the battle between gods and ,asuras the chariot of the highly powerful ,vna was drawn by thousand horses1 set with hundreds of small bells1 adorned with red standards and flags1 coated with bear-skin and was ten furlongs in length4 ,beholding that ,asura about to attack him1 ,aniruddha1 the foremost of ,yadus1 was highly pleased and filled with anger4 ,like unto ,narahari prepared to kill the prince of ,daityas in the days of yore he stood impassionately for battle with his sword and armour on 7#ach-ada74 ,vna then saw him approach with sword and leathern-protector4 ,beholding him thus approach on foot with dagger and leathern protector ,vna attained to an excess of joy thinking that he would kill him4 ,that ,ydava had a sword in his hand1 but no coat of mail4 ,still thinking ,aniruddha invincible the powerful ,vna confronted him for battle 7#adb-add74 ,he exclaimed in anger ,arrest him6 ,kill him6 ,while he thus cried in the battle-field ,pradyumna's son looked1 in anger1 at his face and laughed4 ,at that time stricken with fear ,ush began to weep4 ,aniruddha1 consoling her with a smile1 stood for the battle4 ,thereupon filled with anger1 ,vna1 desirous of killing ,aniruddha1 discharged in numerable arrows by name ,khshudraka4 ,aniruddha too1 desirous of defeating him1 cut them off 7#ade-adh74 ,thereupon desiring that he would kill ,aniruddha in the battle-field ,vna aimed at his head many ,kshudraka arrows4 ,aniruddha too baffled them with his leathern-protector and appeared before him like the rising sun 7#adi-aej74 ,afterwards ,vna1 with a thousand quick coursing and sharpened arrows1 pierced the invincible son of ,pradyumna to the quick4 ,as in the forest a lion over powers an elephant on seeing it before him so the ,yadu prince ,aniruddha overpowered ,vna 7#aea-aeb74 ,there upon thus wounded with those arrows the larged-armed ,aniruddha was inflamed with anger for displaying a wonderful feat4 ,assailed with that downpour of arrows and having his body covered with blood he went before ,van's car 7#aec-aee74 ,the soldiers then assailed ,prdyumna's son with sharpened swords1 maces1 darts1 ,pattias and ,tomaras4 ,and although sorely wounded he did not tremble 7#aef74 ,then leaping up in anger in that battle-field he1 with his dagger1 cut off the reins of ,vna's car and struck the horses4 ,seeing it ,vna1 an expert in fighting1 threw him down from there with a shower of arrows1 ,pattias and ,tomaras4 ,then desisting from the fight1 the ,dnavas1 regarding ,aniruddha dead1 sent up a leonine shout and jumped up on the car4 7#aeg-aei74 ,thereupon ,vna1 irate1 took up the dreadful and grim-looking ,sakti1 effulgent like the sun and burning fire-brand and set with bells and discharged it not carrying for ,ush's widowhood4 ,beholding that life-ending ,sakti about to fall on him the highly powerful ,kma's son1 foremost of men1 leaped up1 took hold of the ,sakti and pierced ,vna with that4 ,cutting through his body it entered into the earth4 ,wounded sorely thereby ,vna supported himself on a standard4 ,thereupon seeing him unconscious ,kumbhnda said 7#afj-afd74 ,o king of ,dnavas1 why do you disregard this rising enemy8 ,we see this hero has gained his aim and is impassionate4 ,resorting to your illusory prowess1 fight with him or else he will not be slain4 ,do not disregard such an enemy out of indulgence4 ,save yourself and us by virtue of your illusory power4 ,if you cannot defeat him by your illusory power forsooth he will kill all the ,asuras4 ,kill him1 ,o hero1 before he destroys us all4 ,killing hundreds of others he will carry away ,ush 7#afe-afg74 ,excited at these words of ,kumbhnda1 the king of ,dnavas1 the foremost of speakers1 filled with great anger1 gave vent to the following harsh words3--,i will kill him in this battle4 ,i will catch him as ,garuda catches a serpent 7#afh-afi74 ,saying this the powerful ,vna1 with his chariot standard and horses resembling the city of ,gandharvas1 disappeared therefrom showering sharpened arrows and covering him with them4 ,seeing ,vna invisible the unconquerable son of ,pradyumna1 endued with manliness1 cast his looks on the ten quarters4 ,thereupon resorting to his ,tamasik learning and covered with illusory form that highly powerful ,dnava1 filled with anger1 began to discharge sharpened arrows4 ,gradually ,pradyumna's son was fettered with serpentine shafts4 ,his body was chained with various serpents4 ,thus1 with all his limbs bound with serpents ,pradyumna's son stood inert like the mount ,mainka in the battle4 ,although motionless like a mountain encircled by serpents of burning fangs he was not stricken with fear4 ,and although completely fettered with serpentine shafts and rendered inactive and motionless1 that one1 identical with all1 did not experience the least pain4 ,thereupon supporting himself on a standard ,vna1 filled with anger1 remonstrated with ,aniruddha in harsh words and said3--,o ,kumbhnda1 kill soon this sinful wretch of his family having a vitiated soul who has sullied our character in the world4 ,thus addressed ,kumbhnda said 7#agj-agi7--,o king1 ,i wish to speak a few words4 ,hear them if you wish4 ,whose son is this hero endued with the prowess of ,indra8 ,learn first from where he has come and who has brought him here4 ,o king1 when he fought in the great battle1 ,i marked him fighting like a celestial prince4 ,he is powerful1 endued with energy and a master of weapons 7#ahj-ahb74 ,o foremost of ,daityas1 he does not deserve to be slain4 ,he has espoused your daughter in ,gandharva marriage 7#ahc74 ,you can take her from him because you did not give her away4 ,you should kill him after thinking over this4 ,knowing this1 either kill him or adore him 7#ahd74 ,i see a great mistake in killing him and a great virtue in protecting him4 ,he is one of the best of men and every way deserves honor 7#ahe74 ,his body is fettered with serpents and still he does not feel pain4 ,he has a good birth1 valour1 energy and accomplishments 7#ahf74 ,behold1 ,o king1 this best of men1 endued with great prowess4 ,this powerful hero1 although chained1 does not care for us all 7#ahg74 ,had he not been fettered by virtue of your illusory power forsooth he would have fought with all the ,asuras 7#ahh74 ,he knows all forms of warfare and is more powerful than you4 ,his person is fettered with serpents and covered with blood2 still frowning with his forehead stricken with three marks he is as if aiming at us all4 ,reduced to such a plight and yet dependant on the strength of his own arms he does not care for any thing1 ,o king4 ,who is this young man8 ,although gifted with two hands he still stands for an encounter with you having a thousand hands and does not think of your prowess4 ,who is he endued with such a prowess 7#ahi-aia78 ,besides1 ,o king1 while your daughter is attached to him you will not be able to give her away to another person4 ,on the other hand1 the hero has been known as one of great prowess 7#aic74 ,o foremost of ,asuras1 if this desirable person is born in the family of a great man he is worthy of receiving adoration from you 7#aic74 ,i request you1 save him4 ,thus addressed by the high-souled ,kumbhdha1 ,vna1 the slayer of his enemies said ,so be it4 ,thereupon handing over ,aniruddha to the guards the intelligent and illustrious son of ,bali repaired to his own palace4 ,seeing the highly powerful ,aniruddha fettered through illusory power ,nrada1 the foremost of ,rishis1 set out for the city of ,dwaravati4 ,having arrived at ,dwravati through the etherial way that best of ,munis communicated to ,keshava1 the rider of ,garuda1 about the imprisonment of ,aniruddha4 ,when that foremost of ,rishis ,nrada set out for ,dwrak ,aniruddha thought3 ,this cruel ,dnava will forsooth be slain in battle1 for ,nrada will speak many things truly to ,keshava the holder of conch-shell1 discus and club4 ,at that time while ,ush1 having her eyes full of tears on seeing her husband bound with serpents1 cried he said to her3--,o timid girl1 why do you weep thus8 ,do not fear1 ,o you having fair eyes2 you will soon see the slayer of ,madhu arrive here for me4 ,hearing the sound of his conch shell and of the striking of his arms the ,dnavas will be destroyed and the ,asura women will abort4 ,thus addressed by ,aniruddha the youthful ,ush was consoled and began to bewail for her ruthless father 7#aid-bjc74 ,,chapter ,,cclxvii4 ,,the ,,goddess ,,consoles ,,aniruddha4 ,vaishampyana said3--,while the heroic ,aniruddha was imprisoned in the city of ,shonita along with ,ush by ,bali's son king ,vna1 he1 seeking refuge with goddess ,koumri for his own safety1 sang a hymn in her praise4 ,having saluted the endless1 undecaying1 eternal prime deity the ,lord ,narayana1 ,i chant the glories of ,chandi1 the worshipful goddess ,katyyani1 worshipped of all the gods and worlds and adored by the gods1 ,rishis and ,rakshasas1 reciting the names sung by ,hari 7#a-e74 ,aniruddha said3--,for my well being ,i bow unto the sister of ,mahendra and ,vishnu4 ,being cleansed and with my mind purified ,i chant her glories with folded hands ,i bow unto thee who dost confer honors1 do thou release me from my bonds and give me life and health4 ,thus adored the great goddess ,durg went where ,aniruddha was kept in chains4 ,the goddess1 fond of her votaries1 released ,aniruddha who was imprisoned in the ,city of ,vna4 ,she appeared before the irrepressible hero ,aniruddha and consoled him4 ,the powerful hero then saluted her4 ,thereupon the goddess with her fingers cut off the strong noose of serpents and then consoling ,aniruddha said3--,o ,aniruddha1 wait here for a few days more4 ,the holder of discus and the slayer of the ,daityas will cut off the thousand arms of ,vna1 release you from your fetters and take you to his own city 7#f-ae74 ,,chapter ,,cclxviii4 ,,anxiety ,,of ,,the ,,yadavas ,,for ,,aniruddha4 ,vaishampyana said3--,when ,ariruddha was taken away as captive1 his beloved wives and their companions cried there in his absence1 like so many ewes 7#a74 ,alas6 even under the protection of the ,lord ,krishna1 we are weeping helplessly stricken with fear and grief 7#b74 ,he1 under the shade of whose arms1 ,adityas1 ,maruts and the gods headed by ,indra1 are living without any anxiety in the celestial region1 has been visited by such a great calamity in this world4 ,alas6 who has stolen away his heroic grandson ,aniruddha #b 7#c-d74 ,alas1 that wicked-minded one1 who has excited this unbearable fire of ,vasudeva's anger1 has indeed no fear in this world 7#e74 ,he is standing before the teeth of ,death with his mouth wide open4 ,indeed such an enemy can stand before ,vasudeva in battle4 ,committing such an ill turn by the ,yadu king ,keshava can even ,sachi's lord escape with his life8 7#f-g74 ,alas1 our husband has been stolen away today or our lord has forsaken us and made us objects of pity4 ,oh ,i on account of the separation of our lord1 we have been brought under control by death 7#h74 ,exclaiming thus those beautiful women continually wept and shed profuse tears4 ,their eyes1 full of tears1 imitated the beauty of lotuses immersed in water in the rainy season 7#i-aj74 ,their eyes appeared to have been bathed in blood4 ,the cries of those women in the palace set up a noise like that of thousands of female ospreys crying in the sky 7#aa-ab74 ,hearing that unheard1 of lamentation caused by fear the ,yadu chiefs all on sudden leaped down from their respective houses4 ,as the lions1 when assailed1 come out of their caves1 so the ,yadavas1 coming out1 said1 their voice being choked with affection--,krishna protects us all completely4 ,whence is then this fear8 ,why is such a noise heard in ,aniruddha's house8 7#ac-ae74 ,thereupon the huge bugle of ,krishna's court was brought and sounded2 and at that sound all the ,yadavas assembled there4 ,they asked one another ,what is the matter8 ,and they answered one another as they had heard 7#af-ag74 ,hearing it the eyes1 reddened in anger1 of the ,yadavas dreadful in battle1 were filled with tears2 and they sighed there idly 7#ah74 ,then beholding even ,krishna the foremost of strikers sigh again and again and others sit silently ,viprithu said3--7#ai74 ,o ,krishna1 you are the foremost of men2 why are you then possessed by anxiety8 ,the ,yadavas1 living under the protection of your arms1 are ranging freely at large4 ,leaving the charge of success and defeat to you even the powerful ,sakra is sleeping happily4 ,see your kinsmen are sunk in unfathomable ocean of grief4 ,o large-armed hero1 save them4 ,what is the cause of your anxiety8 ,o ,mdhava1 why do you not speak any thing8 ,you should not indulge in such idle thoughts4 ,thus addressed ,vsudeva1 a clever speaker like ,vrihaspati himself1 sighed again and again for some time and then said3--,o ,viprathu1 ,i was anxiously thinking about this 7#bj-be74 ,even thinking ,i have not been able to settle anything4 ,therefore ,i could not give you any reply although you asked me 7#bf74 ,hear1 ,o ,yadavas1 ,i will describe to you in truth1 why ,i have been filled with anxiety4 ,on account of the captivity of the heroic ,aniruddha all the kings of the earth and my friends will consider me incapable4 ,formerly our king ,ahuka was taken captive by ,shlwa--but we brought him back after a dreadful fight4 ,rukshmini's son ,pradyumna was stolen away by ,shamvara in his infancy4 ,but he1 having slain him in battle1 has come back4 ,but where has ,aniruddha been exiled8 ,o ye foremost of men1 ,i do not recollect ,i had before experienced such sorrow and mental agony 7#bg-ca74 ,i will in battle kill him with his own people who has put on my head this foot covered with ashes4 ,after ,krishna had said this ,styaki observed3--,o ,krishna1 despatch spies all over for finding out ,aniruddha4 ,let them search the earth with mountains and forests4 ,let open and secret emissaries be engaged in this work 7#cb-cd74 ,vaishampyana said3--,hearing the word of ,keshava king ,ahuka speedily ordered the messengers for finding out ,aniruddha4 ,ordering them ,search out all the countries lying on and under the earth the high-souled king ,ahuka gave them sufficient horses and cars4 7,he said73--,do you soon go on horse back and search the mountains ,rikshavn and ,raivataka covered with trees and creepers4 ,enter without any hesitation into the gardens and forests there and search every creek and corner4 ,riding on horses and elephants do you soon find out ,aniruddha the enhancer of the joy of the ,yadavas 7#ce-ci74 ,thereupon the ,commander-in-chief ,andhristhi said to the eternal ,krishna of unwearied actions3--,o lord ,krishna1 from long ,i have been cherishing a desire of communicating something to thee4 ,hear1 if thou dost like1 ,i will communicate it at present4 ,asilom1 ,puloma1 ,nisunda1 ,naraka1 ,soubha1 ,shalwa1 ,mainda1 and ,dwivida have all been slain by thee 7#dj-db74 ,when a highly dreadful encounter took place on account of the gods thou didst kill ,hayagriva with all his kinsmen4 ,o ,govinda1 in every battle thou didst accomplish all these works completely4 ,no one even acted as thy charioteer 7#dc-dd74 ,o ,krishna1 while carrying away ,prijat thou didst perform a great and arduous feat with ,anuvandha1 ,o ,mdhava2 in that battle thou didst alone1 by the strength of thy own arms1 vanquish ,vsava1 expert in fighting1 seated on his elephant ,airavata4 ,on account of that encounter a great hostility has been created between you both 7#de-dg74 ,methinks ,maghavn himself has taken away ,aniruddha2 who else but him can satisfy his enmity on thee 7#dh78 ,after the highly powerful ,anadhristhi had said this ,krishna1 sighing like a serpent1 said3--,do not say so1 ,o sir2 the gods are not mean1 ungrateful1 womanish and stupid4 ,i work hard on behalf of the gods for destroying the ,dnavas4 ,to please them ,i have killed the proud ,asuras in battle4 ,the gods are my support1 my mind is devoted to them1 and ,i am their devoted votary4 ,therefore knowing me1 how can they injure me8 ,you say so out of your own meanness--they are not mean4 ,they are truthful and compassionate unto their votaries4 ,i fear no danger from them4 ,i tell you for certain1 this is not the work of ,mahendra or any other gods4 ,aniruddha must have been taken away by some harlot 7#di-ed74 ,vaishampyana said3--,hearing those words of anxious ,krishna of wonderful deeds1 ,akrura1 capable of understanding the true meaning of words1 said in sweet words3--,o ,lord1 ,indra's work is identical with ours and ours is the same as that of ,sachi's lord4 ,we are for the gods and they should be protected by us4 ,we are born as men for the gods 7#ee-eg74 ,thus excited by ,akrura's words ,krishna1 the slayer of ,madhu1 said in sweet and grave words3--,pradyumna has not been taken away by any amongst the ,devatas1 ,gandharvas1 ,yakshasas or ,rkshasas4 ,that highly illustrious hero must have been tempted away by some courtezan4 ,the women of the ,daityas and ,dnavas are by nature loose and tempting4 ,forsooth ,pradyumna must have been taken away by them4 ,we need entertain fear from no other quarter 7#eh-fj74 ,vaishampyana said3--,after the high-souled ,krishna had said this the ,yadavas understood as the matter really was and they all highly applauded him 7#fa74 ,the bards1 panegyrists1 poets and songsters began to sing delightedly songs of praise in ,mdhava's house 7#fb74 ,in the meantime1 the messengers1 who had been despatched to find out ,aniruddha1 returned at the gate of the ,durbar ,hall and slowly and sorrowfully said 7#fc74 ,o king1 all the gardens mountains1 forests1 caves1 rivers1 and tanks1 we have searched hundreds of times1 but we saw ,aniruddha nowhere4 ,o king ,janamejaya1 other messengers sent by ,krishna returned and said3--,we have searched everywhere1 but ,pradyumna has not been seen4 ,o ,yadu chief1 order hereafter what we should do about searching for ,aniruddha 7#fd-ff74 ,hearing those words the ,yadavas were all dejected at heart and their eyes were filled with tears4 ,they spoke amongst one another1 ,what should we do now8 ,amongst them many had their eyes filled with tears1 some bit their lips1 and some frowned and all thought how they could accomplish their object 7#fg-fh74 ,thus thinking they gave vent to various words4 ,they were stricken with great anxiety and thought where ,aniruddha could have been 7#fi74 ,the ,ydavas1 filled with anger1 looked upon one another1 and with great anxiety spent the night some how thinking where ,aniruddha could have been taken away 7#gj74 ,while they thus conversed the night passed away4 ,at that time1 the men1 appointed for the purpose1 aroused ,krishna with the sound of bugles and conch-shells in his palace 7#ga74 ,thereupon in the clear morning when the sun rose the ,rishi ,nrada1 alone1 smilingly entered the ,darbar ,hall4 ,seeing ,krishna there along with all the ,yadavas he applauded ,mdhava exclaiming his victory and honored ,ugrasena and others4 ,though the highly powerful ,krishna1 invincible in battle1 was absent-minded still he rose up and received ,nrada dedicating to him ,madhuparka and cows 7#gb-gd74 ,afterwards seated on a white seat covered with a costly cover the celestial saint gave vent to the following pregnant words 7#ge74 ,nrada said3--,why are you all1 like eunuchs1 possessed by anxiety1 silent1 dispirited and discouraged8 ,after the high-souled ,nrada had said this ,vsudeva replied3--,o reverend sir1 ,o ,brahman1 ,aniruddha has been stolen away by somebody in the night4 ,we are all anxious for him4 ,tell us1 ,o ,muni of firm vows1 if you have heard or seen anything about him4 ,o sinless one1 by this you will do me a good work 7#gf-gi74 ,thus addressed by the high-souled ,keshava he smilingly replied3--,hear1 ,o ,madhusudana1 ,vna1 of incomparable energy has a daughter by name ,ush4 ,for her1 the ,apsara ,chitralekh has taken away ,kma's son2 for this1 a great encounter1 like that1 between the gods and ,asuras1 has ensued between ,vna and ,aniruddha4 ,vanquished in battle1 ,vna1 resorting in fear to his illusory powers1 has fettered the highly powerful ,aniruddha with serpentine shafts4 ,o ,garudadhwaja1 ,vna ordered for his death1 but his minister ,kumbhnda has prevented him from doing so4 ,when the prince ,aniruddha engaged in a conflict with ,vna the latter bound him with serpentine shafts by resorting only to his illusory power4 ,aniruddha is not still deprived of life2 that hero is waiting patiently4 ,therefore ,o ,krishna1 those1 who long for victories1 should not now try to keep their own lives4 ,rise up soon and you will acquire success and fame 7#hj-hh74 ,vaishampyana said3--,thus addressed the powerful and energetic ,vsudeva made all arrangements for marching4 ,when the large-armed ,janrddana was about to start the citizens1 from all sides1 showered on him sandal powder and fried paddy 7#hi-ij74 ,narada said3--,o large-armed ,krishna1 thou shouldst now think of ,garuda1 for save him no one will be able to wend that way4 ,hear1 how very difficult passage is that1 ,janarddana4 ,shonitpura1 where ,aniruddha is now residing1 is eleven thousand yojanas distant from this place4 ,the highly powerful son of ,vinata is fleet like the mind2 he will point out ,vna within a moment4 ,o ,govinda1 therefore send for him2 he will take you there 7#ia-id74 ,vaishampyana said3--,hearing the words of ,nrada ,govinda thought of ,garuda in his mind3 and he too1 with folded hands1 arrived before ,krishna4 ,having bowed unto the high-souled son of ,devaki the great son of ,vinata said in sweet words3--,o large-armed and lotus-navelled lord1 why hast thou thought of me8 ,i wish to know what thou dost want me to do4 ,o lord1 on whose city am ,i to tread and destroy it4 ,govinda1 by thy favour who does not know my strength8 ,o hero1 ,o thou of large arms1 who does not know the force of thy club and the fire of thy discus8 ,what stupid man1 out of pride1 is desirous of meeting with his own destruction8 ,on whose neck will ,baladeva1 adorned with a garland of wild flowers1 set his lion-faced plough-share8 ,o lord1 will whose body1 consumed1 be mixed with earth to-day8 ,o ,mdhava1 whose mind will be agitated to-day with the blare of thy conch-shell8 ,who will with his family repair to the city of ,yama8 7#ie-aja7 ,after the intelligent son of ,vinat had said this ,vsudeva replied3--,hear1 ,o foremost of birds4 ,unconquerable ,aniruddha has been1 for ,ush1 captivated by ,vna in the city of ,shonita4 ,o king of birds1 lustful ,aniruddha has been fettered with poisonous serpents4 ,i have invited you for releasing him4 ,o you of great power1 no body else can wend that way4 ,do you therefore speedily take me where ,aniruddha is4 ,o hero1 your daughter-in-law ,vaidarbhi1 fond of her son1 is continually weeping4 ,may that lady1 by your favour1 be united with her son4 ,o hero1 ,o you of great arms1 ,o slayer of snakes1 formerly united with me you stole away ambrosia4 ,you are my carrier and all the ,vrishnis are your votaries4 ,preserve the request of love and devotion to-day4 ,by my good works ,i swear1 there is none amongst the birds who can fly so quickly as you4 ,killing the warriors with the flapping of your wings you1 alone formerly released your mother from slavery4 ,placing the gods on your back you1 with force1 range many impassable countries4 ,and by your help they acquire victories4 ,in heaviness you are like the mount ,meru and in lightness you are like air4 ,there had been none before powerful like you1 there is none at present and there will be none in future4 ,o great1 highly effulgent and truthful son of ,vinat1 now help us for a moment for ,aniruddha 7#ajb-aab74 ,garuda said3--,o large-armed ,krishna1 wonderful is thy word4 ,o ,keshava1 all my victories are owing to thy favour4 ,o slayer of ,madhu1 ,i am honored and blessed with thy praising me thus4 ,o large-armed ,krishna1 thine glories are chantod and thou hast still sung mine4 ,thou art the lord of the ,vedas1 the master of the gods1 the giver of all desires1 of a surely fruitful look and the giver of boons unto those who seek for them 7#aac-ae74 ,thou art of four arms and four forms3 thou art the ordainer of fourfold fires1 of the four ,asramas and four ,varnas and a great poet4 ,o lord1 thou dost hold a bow1 a discus and a conch-shell4 ,in thy previous bodies thou wert known as the upholder of the earth2 thou dost hold ploughshare1 mace and discus1 art the son of ,devaki1 the grinder of ,chnura1 fond of cows1 the slayer of ,keshi1 the upholder of the mount ,govardhana1 the great wrestler1 their origin and support and fond of them2 thou art the great ,purusha2 thou art fond of ,brhmanas1 ever engaged in their well being and their supporter4 ,thou art known as ,brahman1 as ,damodara1 as the slayer of ,pralamva1 ,keshi and other ,dnavas4 ,o lord1 thou art the destroyer of ,asilom1 ,vli and ,rvana and the giver of kingdom unto ,bibhishana and ,sugriva4 ,thou didst take ,vli's kingdom1 and all the jewels and art the great jem born at the bed of the ocean4 ,all the rivers emanate from thee in the shape of ,meru4 ,thou art the lord ,varuna--the holder of dagger and a great bowman and archer4 ,thou art known by the name of ,dshrha1 and ,govinda4 ,thou art a great bowman and fond of bows4 ,thou art sky1 darkness1 the churning of the ocean1 the heaven of many fruits and the great upholder of the celestial region4 ,o lord1 thou art the great cloud1 the seed of the three worlds1 anger1 avarice and desire4 ,thou art the great bowman1 ,kma1 the great cycle1 revolution and dissolution4 ,thou art ,hiranyagarbha1 cognizant of forms and endued with them1 the slayer of ,madhu1 the ,creator1 the great god and art endowed with innumerable qualities4 ,o foremost of ,yadus1 although thy glories should be chanted1 still thou art willing to sing mine4 ,the dreadful creatures1 who are seen by thee with thy eyes1 are killed by ,yama's rod and constrained to go to the hell4 ,o ,mdhava1 the creatures1 on whom thou dost cast your favourable and loving looks1 enjoy happiness both in this world and in the next4 ,o thou of large arms1 ,i am now at thy disposal 7#aaf-aca74 ,thereupon showing signs of departure ,garuda said to ,keshava3--,o highly powerful hero1 ,i wait here1 do thou sit on my back ,thereupon embracing ,garuda by the neck ,mdhava said3--,o friend1 accept this arghya for slaying the enemy4 ,afterwards having offered arghya to ,suparna1 the large-armed ,purusothama1 the holder of conch-shell1 discus and club1 sat on his back4 ,thereupon ,krishna1 with delight1 sat on ,garuda's back4 ,he was adorned with most excellent bracelets1 had black hairs1 was dark-hued and victorious2 had four rows of teeth and four arms4 ,he was the master of the four ,vedas with their auxilliaries1 had the mystic mark of ,srivatsa on his breast1 lotus-like eyes1 stirring hairs1 soft skin1 equal fingers1 equal nails1 red fingers1 red nails1 and red eyes4 ,his voice was sweet and grave and he had large arms extending to knees and a copper-coloured countenance4 ,his gait was like that of a lion and he was effulgent like a thousand suns4 ,having issued orders for guarding the city of ,dwrak the highly powerful ,vasudeva made himself ready for starting4 ,he is the lord and protector of creatures and is identical with them4 ,the ,lord ,prajpati1 with pleasure conferred on him eight-fold spiritual powers4 ,he is eternal and his pure glories are sung by ,prajpati1 ,saddhyas1 gods1 bards and panegyrits and the great ,rishis1 masters of the ,vedas and their auxilliaries4 ,after ,krishna had sat on ,garuda's back ,halyudha and ,pradyumna1 the grinder of enemies1 sat behind him4 ,at that time the ,siddhas1 ,charanas and the great ,rishis said to ,keshava in the sky3--,o thou of large arms1 do thou vanquish ,vna with all his followers4 ,no one will be able to stand before thee in the great battle4 ,lakshmi1 the goddess of prosperity1 depends on thy pleasure and sure victory depends on thy strength4 ,thou wilt defeat in battle thy enemy the ,daitya king with all his soldiers4 ,keshava marched on hearing all those words 7#acb-ade74 ,,chapter ,,cclxiv4 ,,krishna ,,goes ,,to ,,sonitpura ,,and ,,fights ,,with ,,rudra',s ,,followers ,,on ,,the ,,way4 ,vaishampyana said3--,at that time with the sound of conch-shells and bugles1 the songs of bards and panegyrists by thousands and blessings of men exclaiming victory ,janarddana appeared like the moon1 sun and ,sakra4 ,o king1 when ,vinat's son flew up into the sky his1 beauty1 increased by ,hari's energy1 became immense 7#a-c74 ,desirous of killing ,vna the lotus-eyed ,keshava assumed a form having eight arms and resembling a mountain4 ,at that time ,janrddana1 the holder of ,shranga-bow1 assumed innumerable heads4 ,in his four right hands he had sword1 discus1 club and arrows and by his left four hands he held the leathern protector1 the ,srnga-bow1 the thunder-bolt and conch-shell4 ,seated on ,garudha's back1 ,sanghkarshana1 holding a thousand forms and white weapons1 irrepressible unto all creatures like the mount ,kailsha with its summit1 shone like the rising moon4 ,with a view to display his prowess in battle the high-souled ,pradyumna assumed a form like that of ,sanatkumr 7#d-h74 ,thereupon shaking innumerable mountains and obstructing the course of the wind with the forcible flapping of his wings the powerful ,vinat's son went on4 ,endued with the speed of the mind he crossed the most sacred route of the ,siddhas and ,chranas4 ,at that time ,rma said to ,krishna1 incomparable in battle3--,o ,krishna1 what wonder is this that we have all on a sudden been shorn of our effulgence8 ,we have all a golden hue4 ,what is the cause8 ,have we come to the side of the mount ,sumeru8 7#i-ab7 ,the ,lord said3--,methinks1 ,o slayer of thy enemies1 ,vna's city is near at hand4 ,to protect him1 the fire1 stationed in his city1 is coming out blazing4 ,o holder of plough-share1 we have been possessed by the effulgence of the fire of oblation3 this has changed our colour4 ,rma replied3--,if by approaching the city of ,vna we have been shorn of the lustre of our body1 do what you think proper afterwards 7#ac-ae74 ,the ,lord said3--,o ,vinat's son1 do what you think proper4 ,after you have found out a means ,i shall do what ,i think proper 7#af74 ,vaishampyana continued3--,hearing those words spoken by ,vsudeva the highly powerful ,garuda1 capable of assuming forms at will1 assumed a thousand mouths 7#ag74 ,afterwards the highly powerful son of ,vinat leaped up and went to the etherial ,gang4 ,then drinking profuse water1 he began to shower it on the fire4 ,the intelligent son of ,vinat having concerted this measure the fire was at once extinguished4 ,then seeing that fire extinguished with the water of the etherial ,gang1 ,suparna1 filled with surprise1 said3--,oh6 ,how powerful is this fire like that at the end of a cycle4 ,it disfigured the color of even the intelligent ,krishna4 ,after extinguishing the fire the king of birds1 ,garuda1 went on making a great sound with the flapping of his powerful wings4 ,seeing them the fires1 the followers of ,rudra1 thought3--,who are these three dreadful men of many forms who are riding ,garuda8 ,why have they come here8 ,those fires of the mountain thought in this way for some1 but could not settle anything4 ,they then began to fight with the three ,yadus4 ,a great noise arose when they engaged in fighting 7#ah-bf74 ,hearing their great uproar like that of roaring lions the intelligent ,chief of the ,fires ,angir sent a man to the scene of the action saying ,soon proceed where the battle is raging4 ,another ,asura1 fleet like the mind1 was quickly despatched by ,van saying ,go and see what is the matter4 ,saying ,so be it the man at once started and saw the fires fighting with ,vsudeva4 ,he saw that the five principal fire-gods1 ,kalmsha1 ,kusuma1 ,dahana1 ,shoshana and the highly powerful ,tapana well known in the offering of ,swha and other minor fire-gods were all fighting with their respective armies4 ,pithara1 ,pataga1 ,swarna1 ,agdha and ,vraja1 these five presiding gods of ,swadh were also fighting2 the two highly effulgent fire-gods1 in charge of ,jyotisthoma and ,vasatkra1 were also fighting4 ,ascending a fiery car the great saint ,angir1 uplifting his effulgent mace1 was shining in that battle-field1 in the midst of fire-gods4 ,then beholding ,angira discharge his sharpened arrows1 ,krishna1 filled with anger1 smiled again and again and said3--,o ye fire-gods1 wait patiently a few moments4 ,the time of your destruction is drawing near4 ,within a moment1 consumed by the energy of my weapons1 you shall have to fly away on all sides4 ,thereupon in that great battle1 as if to take ,krishna's life ,angir ran with a burning ,trishula in his hand4 ,then cutting off his mace with crescent-shaped and sharpened arrows the intelligent ,krishna1 effulgent like ,yama1 the destroyer of all creatures1 struck ,angir on the breast with a death-like-arrow4 ,thereat ,angir fell down bathed in blood and with his body mangled4 ,seeing it the four fire-gods1 the sons of ,brahm along with others speedily fled away to ,vna's city 7#bg-dj74 ,thereupon seeing ,vna's city from a distance ,nrada said ,behold1 ,o large-armed ,krishna1 there is the city of ,shonita4 ,for protecting ,vna and for his well-being ,krtikeya and the highly effulgent ,rudra with his consort always live there4 ,hearing the words of ,nrada1 ,krishna smilingly said3--,hear and understand what ,i say ,o great ,muni4 ,if ,rudra himself comes to the battle-field for protecting ,vna we will also fight with him to our best4 ,while ,krishna and ,nrada were thus conversing the quick-coursing ,garuda at once took them to the city of ,vna4 ,then the lotus-eyed and cloud-like ,keshava blew his moon-like conch-shell4 ,blowing that conch and creating terror in ,vna of wonderful deeds the powerful ,mdhava entered into his city4 ,seeing them thus enter ,vna's soldiers got themselves ready for action sounding bugles and conch shells4 ,millions of paid soldiers1 holding effulgent weapons1 marched out to the battle-field4 ,those innumerable soldiers1 of incomparable prowess1 united1 looked like huge black clouds4 ,afterwards the ,daityas1 ,dnavas and the leading ,pramathas1 with various burning weapons1 began to fight with the eternal ,krishna4 ,when ,krishna1 ,sangkarshana1 ,pradyumna and ,garuda began to fight ,yakshas1 ,rakshasas and ,pannagas1 irrepressible like burning fire1 came from all sides1 with their mouths wide open1 to the battle-field for drinking blood4 ,beholding ,vna's army the highly powerful ,balabhadra said to ,krishna1 the slayer of hostile armies3--,o large-armed ,krishna1 do that by which these soldiers may be completely terror-stricken4 ,thus addressed by the intelligent ,balabhadra ,purusottama ,krishna1 the foremost of the masters of weapons1 took up fiery weapons dreadful like ,death4 ,grinding the ,asuras and birds of prey with those weapons ,janrddana speedily went where the soldiers were seen4 ,standing on the ground in numberless detachments that ,asura army1 consisting mainly of ,pramathas1 holding darts1 ,pattias1 ,saktis1 ,rishthis1 ,pinkas and ,parighas1 and having many dreadful beasts of burdens huge like mountains and clouds1 appeared like clouds scattered by the wind4 ,and many bow-men increased the beauty of that show4 ,running hither and thither with maces1 darts1 swords1 clubs and ,parighas that innumerable ,asura host increased the beauty of the battle-field4 ,thereupon the beautiful ,sangkarshana1 seated on ,garuda's back1 said to ,krishna1 the slayer of ,madhu3--,o large-armed ,krishna1 ,o ,purusottama1 ,i wish to fight with this ,asura host4 ,hearing it ,krishna said3 7#da-fa74 ,i too feel the same inclination4 ,i wish to fight in the battle-field with these leading warriors4 ,when ,i will fight with my face towards the west ,suparna will stand before me4 ,pradyumna will stand on my left side and you will stand on my right4 ,in this dreadful fight we will all protect one another 7#fb-fc74 ,,chapter ,,cclxx4 ,,krishna',s ,,battle ,,with ,,jvara 7,,fever74 ,vaishampyana said3--,thus conversing with one another they1 holding mace1 club and ploughshare respectively huge like mountain summits1 rode ,garuda the foremost of birds4 ,thereupon1 ,o ,janamejaya1 when ,rohini's son engaged in the battle his form grew dreadful like ,kla1 as if desirous of consuming all1 at the end of a cycle4 ,ranging in the battle-field the highly powerful ,baladeva1 expert in fighting1 drew the enemies with his plough-share and grinded them with his mace4 ,the highly powerful ,pradyumna1 the foremost of men1 thwarted the fighting ,dnavas with his arrows4 ,blowing his conch-shell ,janrddana1 the holder of conch-shell1 discus and club1 resembling a mass of collyrium1 fought in many ways4 ,having struck the ,daityas with his wings and mutilated them with his nails and beak the intelligent son of ,vinata despatched them to the abode of ,yma4 ,thus assailed with a downpour of arrows and overpowered by those four heroes the dreadful army of the ,asuras fled away from the battle-field 7#fd-gj74 ,beholding his army thus routed and with a view to protect them ,rudra's follower1 ,jvara1 came walking to the battle-field sighing again and again like a maniac4 ,he had three legs1 three heads1 six arms1 nine faces and a consuming weapon and was like ,yama himself4 ,he roared like thousands of muttering clouds1 sighed and yawned repeatedly1 was dozing1 had his hairs erect and eyes filthy4 ,having made his face more terrible with his eyes he1 in anger1 said to the holder of plough-share3--7#ga-gd74 ,why are you elated with the pride of your strength8 ,do you not see that ,i have come to the battle-field8 ,wait a few moments4 ,while you have come before me in the battle-field you will not return with your life4 ,saying this1 smiling and showing his fist dreadful like the fire of dissolution ,jvara ran towards ,halyudha 7#ge-gf74 ,rohini's son however began to move about so quickly in thousands of circular ways that ,jvara could not find an opportunity4 ,then aiming at his body huge like a mountain ,jvara1 of incomparable energy1 hurled his consuming weapon which fell on his breast4 ,dropping on the summit of the mount ,sumeru from ,rma's breast that burning weapon shattered it into pieces4 ,krishna's elder brother was however being consumed by the remnant that was left on his breast4 ,sighing and yawning every moment he began to move about recklessly4 ,his eyes were dilated1 hairs stood erect and all his senses were bewildered4 ,he began to sigh like a maniac4 ,thereupon almost losing consciousness ,haladhara said to ,krishna3--,o ,krishna1 ,o large-armed ,krishna1 ,o thou the giver of protection1 ,i am being consumed1 nay ,i am being consumed completely4 ,how shall ,i be saved8 ,thus addressed by the highly powerful ,bala ,krishna1 the foremost of strikers1 smilingly said3--,no fear4 ,saying this he embraced ,halyudha 7#gg-hd74 ,he was then saved by loving ,krishna from being burnt4 ,having saved ,rma from being consumed the slayer of ,madhu1 ,vasudeva1 highly angered1 said to ,jvara3--,o ,jvara1 come and fight with me4 ,show to me the extent of your strength and power in this battle4 ,thus addressed the highly powerful ,jvara1 with his right hand1 discharged his great burning weapon on ,krishna's body4 ,at this the powerful ,krishna1 the foremost of strikers1 experienced a burning sensation for a few moments4 ,immediately after the fire was put out4 ,thereupon ,jvara1 with his serpent-like long arms1 struck ,krishna on the neck and then dealt a blow on his breast4 ,thus there took place a great encounter1 in the battle-field1 between ,jvara and the highly energetic ,krishna the foremost of men4 ,the sound of the stricking of arms caused by ,krishna and ,jvara in that highly dreadful battle was like that of a thunder striking a mountain summit4 ,occasionally was heard ,do not strike in this way3 you should do it in this way4 ,in that great battle those two highly powerful ones so fought for a moment1 that ,lord of the ,universe1 under the guise of a man1 thinking that he would come to an end1 grinded the sky-ranging ,jvara adorned with golden ornaments with his arms 7#he-ic74 ,,chapter ,,cclxxi4 ,,krishna',s ,,boon ,,to ,,jvara4 ,vaishampyana said3--,considering ,jvara1 assailed with his arms1 dead ,krishna1 the slayer of enemies1 threw him down on the surface of the earth4 ,released from his arms1 ,jvara1 of incomparable energy1 did not leave ,krishna's body but entered into it4 ,possessed by ,jvara 7fever7 of incomparable energy ,krishna had his movements slackened and repeatedly supported himself by touching the ground4 ,he was possessed by sleep1 his steps were slackened and his hairs stood erect4 ,he repeatedly sighed and yawned4 ,thus possessed by weakness and yawning repeatedly the great ,yogin ,krishna1 the victor of the enemy's cities1 regained his natural state after a long time 7#a-e74 ,thereupon knowing himself possessed by ,jvara ,purosottama created another for its destruction4 ,with his energy1 the energetic ,janrddana1 of dreadful power1 created a dreadful ,jvara1 highly terrible unto creatures4 ,catching hold1 by force1 of the former ,jvara the one1 created by ,krishna1 presented it before him4 ,having thus driven out that ,jvara from his body through one created by him the highly powerful and angry ,vsudeva struck him down on the ground and was about to tear him into pieces4 ,thereat ,jvara1 bewildered1 said ,o ,janrddana1 it behoveth thee to protect me4 ,however while ,krishna1 of incomparable energy1 was about to strike that ,jvara on the ground an invisible voice was heard in the sky3--,o ,krishna1 ,o large-armed ,krishna1 the enhancer of the delight of the ,ydavas1 do not kill this ,jvara4 ,o sinless one1 he is worthy of being protected by thee 7#e-ab74 ,thus addressed ,hari1 the lord of the past1 future and present and the great preceptor of the world let ,jvara off4 ,thereupon prostrating himself with bent head at ,hrishikesha's feet ,jvara said3--,o descendant of ,yadu1 ,o ,govinda1 hear what ,i have to submit unto thee4 ,hear1 ,o large-armed deity1 what ,i have got in my mind and do thou accomplish it4 ,o lord1 ,i pray from thee for this boon only that ,i may be the only ,jvara in this world and no one else may flourish4 ,the lord said3--,it is proper to confer a boon on one who prays for it4 ,besides you have sought my protection4 ,may you fare well therefore1 ,o ,jvara4 ,you will have what you are praying for4 ,as before you will be the only ,jvara4 ,may he1 whom ,i have created1 dissolve in me 7#ac-ah74 ,vaishampyana said3--,having said this the highly illustrious ,krishna1 the foremost of strikers1 again spoke to ,jvara3--,hear1 how you will range in the world1 having spread yourself amongst the entire creation mobile and immobile4 ,if you seek my pleasure divide yourself into three parts4 ,with one do you possess the four-legged animals1 with the second the immobile objects and with the third the human beings4 ,and with the fourth portion of your third part you will always live in the midst of the birds4 ,dividing yourself into four parts namely appearing every day1 after two days1 three days and four days you are to live amongst mankind4 ,hear how you are to live amongst other creatures4 ,in trees you will live in the shape of an insect and the disease that withers up the leaves and turns them pale2 in the fruits you will live like ,aturya disease2 in the lotuses like frost1 in the earth like a desert1 in the water like ,neelik 7a plant71 in the peacocks like the growing of the tuft1 in the mountain like mineral and in the cows like ,khoraka or a cow-disease2 you will live on earth under these numerous forms4 ,with your very view and touch the animals will be shorn of their lives4 ,only gods and men will be able to withstand you 7#ai-bh74 ,vaishampyana said3--,hearing the words of ,krishna ,jvara was delighted and with folded hands saluted him and said3--,o ,mdhava1 blessed ,i am for thy giving me soverignty over all creatures and objects4 ,o ,purusottama ,i wish now to carry out any other order of yours4 ,o large-armed ,govinda1 order me what ,i am to do4 ,formerly ,i had been created by ,hara the slayer of ,tripura and of other animals4 ,now vanquished by thee in battle ,i have become thy servant4 ,thou art now my master 7#bi-cb74 ,vaishampyana said3--,hearing the words of ,jvara ,vasudeva said3--,hear1 what resolution ,i cherish at heart4 ,jvara said3--,o holder of discus1 ,i have been favoured and blessed with what good thou hast done for me4 ,order me1 what what pleasure of thine ,i may carry out4 ,the lord said3--,o ,jvara1 the man1 who having saluted me1 will attentively read this account of prowess displayed only by our arms in the great battle1 will be freed from fever4 ,thus addressed by ,krishna1 the foremost of ,yadus1 the highly powerful ,jvara said3--,so be it4 ,having thus obtained the boon and promised1 ,jvara1 saluting ,krishna1 left the battle-field 7#cc-cg74 ,,chapter ,,cclxxii4 ,,the ,,fight ,,between ,,krishna ,,and ,,shankara4 ,vaishampyana said3--,thereupon riding quickly ,vinat's son1 those three 7heroes71 stationed in the battle-field like three fire-gods1 began to fight there4 ,seated on ,garuda's back those highly powerful three heroes assailed and dispersed the ,dnava army with a downpour of arrows4 ,assailed with the strokes of discus1 plough-share and arrows the irrepressible and huge ,danava army were worked up with anger4 ,as fire increases in a room with dry fuels so the fire1 engendered by ,krishna's arrows1 increased that fire burning like that of dissolution1 and consumed thousands of ,dnavas in the battle-field 7#a-e74 ,beholding his soldiers assailed and burnt with various arrows of ,krishna1 and take to their heels ,vna came there and prevented them saying ,born in the race of the ,daityas why do ye1 overwhelmed with fear and displaying your weakness1 fly away from the battle-field8 ,why do you take to your heels leaving off your respective coats of mail1 swords1 daggers1 darts1 leathern protectors and axes8 ,think of your birth and living with ,hara and then decide whether you should fly away4 ,i now stand before you4 ,although they heard the words given vent to by ,vna1 the ,dnavas1 beside themselves with fear1 paid no heed to them and fled away4 ,of the soldiers remaining there only the ,pramathas stood firm and desired to fight again 7#f-aa74 ,beholding his soldiers routed1 ,kumbhnda1 ,vna's powerful minister and friend1 said3--,o ye leading ,dnavas1 behold ,shankara1 ,krtikeya and ,vna in the battle-field4 ,still1 possessed by fear1 why are you flying away leaving your own armies8 ,give up hope of your lives and fight4 ,before they heard those words of ,kumbhnda1 the ,danavas stricken with the fear of the fire of ,krishna's discus1 fled away on all sides4 ,thereupon beholding all the soldiers routed by ,krishna1 ,siva1 of incomparable prowess1 had his eyes reddened with anger4 ,and in order to protect ,vna1 he stood on his lustrous car and prepared himself for fighting4 ,kumra too ascended a car burning like car4 ,powerful ,rudra1 ascending a car drawn by lions and biting his hips1 drove where ,hari was 7#ab-ag74 ,at that time his car1 as if devouring the sky1 making a great sound and drawn by lions1 looked like the full-moon freed from clouds4 ,filled with various ghosts making diverse sounds that car of the god of gods proceeded towards the battle-field4 ,of those ghosts some had the faces of lions1 some those of tigers1 some those of serpents1 some those of horses and some those of camels2 they too1 filled with fear1 were trembling4 ,amongst those highly powerful ghosts1 some had the faces of asses1 some those of camels1 some those of peacocks1 ,some those of horses1 some those of rams1 and some those of cats4 ,some had the faces of sheep1 some put on bark1 some had tufts of hairs on their heads1 some wore matted locks1 some had hairs bound up1 and some were naked4 ,they all blew conch-shells and bugles when they proceeded to the battle-field4 ,of them some had beautified faces and were adorned with celestial weapons and flowers4 ,some were dwarfish and some were grim-visaged4 ,some put on lion and tiger skins4 ,some had faces covered with blood1 huge-teeth and were fond of flesh4 ,they all stood encircling ,shankara the destroyer of great enemies in the battle-field and were waiting there at ease4 ,beholding that car of the indefatigable ,rudra4 ,krishna1 riding ,garuda1 proceeded to the battle-field4 ,then beholding ,hari proceed on ,garuda discharging arrows1 ,hara1 ever standing at the head in a battle1 struck him in anger with hundreds1 of winged arrows4 ,assailed with shafts by ,hara1 the grinder of enemies1 ,hari too1 irate1 took up most excellent weapons given by ,indra4 ,thereupon assailed by ,krishna and ,rudra the earth shook and the elephants trembled raising their heads4 ,the mountains were covered with the water of streams2 some had their summits scattered on all sides4 ,in that encounter between ,hara and ,hari the quarters1 sky and earth were as if all ablaze4 ,fire-brands fell on earth from all sides and dreadful-looking jackals began to emit inauspicious cries4 ,with a great noise ,indra began to send down showers of blood and fire-brands covered the rear of ,vna's army4 ,the wind blew high1 and the luminous bodies and herbs1 shorn of lustre1 flew about in the sky4 ,at that time the ,grandfather1 knowing that ,rudra1 the destroyer of ,asuras1 had entered upon a battle1 came there encircled by the celestials ,the ,apsaras1 ,gandharvas1 ,yakshas1 ,vidyadharas1 ,siddhas1 and ,chranas1 stationed in the sky1 began to witness that encounter4 ,then ,vishnu discharged ,indra's weapon at ,rudra 7#ah-cg74 ,burning it went up to the car where ,rudra was4 ,the very next moment hundreds and thousands of arrows dropped before ,hara's car4 ,seeing it and filled with anger ,hara discharged the highly dreadful fiery weapon4 ,it appeared indeed highly wonderful4 ,at that time ,krishna and the three other heroes were entirely covered with arrows2 and scorched with the fire of the weapon they were so much emaciated that they were not visible4 ,thereat thinking that ,krishna had been slain by the fiery weapon the ,asuras sent up a leonine shout 7#cf-da74 ,thereupon patiently bearing those fiery weapons in the battle-field the powerful ,vsudava1 who was a master of every sort of weapon1 took up ,vruna weapon4 ,when that ,vruna weapon was discharged by the high-souled ,vsudeva the fire of the fiery weapon was extinguished4 ,when that weapon was baffled by ,vsudeva ,bhava discharged four other weapons resembling the fire of dissolution1 namely ,paishca1 ,rkshasa1 ,roudra and ,angirasa4 ,in order to baffle those weapons ,vasudeva shot four arrows namely ,vyavya1 ,svitrya1 ,vsava and ,mohana4 ,having thus counteracted those four weapons with his four arrows ,mdhava discharged his ,vaishnava weapon like unto ,antaka 7the destroyer7 with his mouth wide open4 ,when the ,vaishnava weapon was discharged all the ,bhutas1 ,yakshas and ,asuras of ,vna's host1 unconscious and stricken with fear1 fled on all sides4 ,then beholding his army abounding in ,pramathas thus routed the great ,asura ,vna speedily ran towards the battle-field4 ,as the king of gods1 the wielder of thunderbolt1 proceeds encircled by the celestials1 so ,vna went surrounded by the highly powerful and mighty car-warriors1 the ,daityas holding dreadful arms 7#db-ej74 ,vaishampyana said3--,at that time with the recitation of names and mantras the ,brhmanas performed benedictory ceremonies on ,van's behalf4 ,bali's son ,vna too1 conferring on the ,brhmanas1 auspicious cows1 raiments1 fruits1 flowers and gold coins1 shone like the lord of riches4 ,the huge car of ,vna1 painted with gold and adorned with a hundred moons and a million of stars and numerous bells1 shone there like fire or a thousand suns4 ,assuming a dreadful form ,vna1 holding a bow1 got upon the car brought by the ,dnavas for fighting with those foremost of ,yadus4 ,afterwards as at the time of the universal dissolution the ocean1 abounding in waves increased by the wind1 is agitated so that ocean1 of great force abounding in cars of the heroes1 went on4 ,o king1 at that time the ,dnavas1 holding bows1 great car-warriors as they were1 shone there like mountains covered with forests2 their very sight created terror in all 7#ea-ef74 ,,chapter ,,cclxxiii4 ,,the ,,earth ,,goes ,,to ,,brahma3 ,,markandeya ,,explains ,,how ,,brahma1 ,,vishnu1 ,,siva ,,are ,,one4 ,vaishampyana said3--,when the three eyes 7of ,siva7 were burning all the worlds were covered with darkness3 and ,nandi1 ,rudra and his car were not visible 7#a74 ,then ,rudra1 burning in double effulgence on account of his anger and strength1 took up his arrow having sharpened darts on four sides with which he had killed ,tripura4 ,when the three-eyed deity took up that arrow1 set it to his bow and was about to discharge it the high-souled ,vsudeva1 cognizant of the minds of all1 came to know of it4 ,thereupon the quick-handed and highly powerful ,purusottama took up his weapon ,jrimbhana 7yawning7 and made with it ,hara yawn4 ,with that arrow the ,divine ,hara1 the conqueror of ,asuras and ,rakshasas1 was stupified together with his bow and arrows and lost consciousness4 ,having stupified with his weapon his own self in the shape of ,rudra together with his bow and arrows the highly powerful ,krishna1 identical with all1 blew his conch-shell4 ,seeing ,shankara stupified and hearing the blare of his conch-shell ,pnchajanya and the twang of of his bow ,shrnga all the creatures were filled with fear4 ,in the meantime ,rudra's followers arrived at the battle-field and resorting to an illusory fight attacked ,pradyumna4 ,the highly powerful and energetic ,makaraketana however made them all asleep and with his arrows began to kill the ,dnavas who had innumerable ,pramathas amongst them 7#b-aj74 ,while ,rudra1 of unwearied actions1 yawned a flame came out of his mouth and consumed the ten quarters4 ,at that time assailed by those powerful armies the goddess ,earth1 trembling1 approached the great ,brahm and said ,o thou of large arms1 ,o great god1 ,i have been assailed with great energies4 ,i have been so much loaded with the weight of ,rudra and ,kesheva that ,i will again be reduced to one all-extending ocean4 ,o grand-father1 do you think of this unbearable burden of mine4 ,do thou find out some means1 by which released of my burden ,i may uphold the mobile and immobile creations 7#aa-ae74 ,vaishampyana said3--,hearing it the grand-father said to the daughter of ,kashyapa3--,sustain yourself for a moment and you will be released of your burden4 ,thereupon the ,lord ,brahm said to ,rudra3--,thou didst find out the means of slaying this great ,asura3 why dost thou then wish to protect him8 ,o thou of large arms1 ,i do not like that thou shouldst engage in an encounter with ,krishna4 ,dost thou not know that ,krishna is thy second body4 ,hearing the words of ,brahm the eternal ,lord1 having three eyes1 concentrated his mind on the ,brahman 7soul7 within him and saw the three worlds consisting of mobile and immobile creations4 ,beholding himself stupified along with his bow and arrow the great ,yogin ,bhava1 by virtue of his mental concentration1 thought of the boon he had conferred and of what he had said at ,dwrak3 he therefore made no reply4 ,seeing him in ,krishna and them both in one 7,brahman7 he was pacified and left the battle-field4 ,rudra said to ,brahm3--,o lord1 ,i will not fight any more4 ,by this encounter of ,krishna and ,vna the earth will be relieved of her burden 7#af-ba74 ,thereupon with great pleasure ,krishna and ,rudra retired from the battle-field and embraced one another 7#bb74 ,when those two great ,yogins were united no body could see them4 ,having brought out the reconciliation between ,hara and ,hari and himself only seeing them ,brahm1 the creator of all1 said to the ,rishis ,nrada and ,mrkandeya who were by his side and who had questioned that far-sighted deity3--,in a dream in the night ,i saw ,bhava and ,keshava in the lake near the mount ,mandara 7#bb-be74 ,here ,i saw ,hara in ,hari's form and ,hari in ,hara's4 ,hara had conch-shell1 discus and club in his hands1 was clad in a yellow raiment and rode ,garuda4 ,hari had trident and ,pattica in his hand1 was clad in a tiger-skin and rode a bull4 ,seeing that highly wonderful scene ,i am filled with surprise4 ,o ,mrkendeya1 do thou describe unto me the truth 7#bf-bh74 ,markendeya said3--,shiva is identical with ,vishnu and ,vishnu is identical with ,shiva4 ,i do not see any difference4 ,they are both auspicious1 without beginning1 middle or end1 eternal and undecaying4 ,hear ,i will describe that form identical with ,hari and ,hara 7#bi-cj74 ,he is ,vishnu who is ,rudra2 and he is ,rudra who is ,brahm4 ,brahm1 ,vishnu and ,rudra are one and of the same form4 ,three of them are great ascetics1 ,lords of half-females1 self-sprung1 givers of boons and masters of the universe4 ,as water is mixed with water when it is thrown into it so ,vishnu becomes at one with ,rudra1 when he enters into him4 ,as fire becomes fire when it is mixed with it so ,rudra becomes identical with ,vishnu when he enters into him4 ,rudra is identical with fire and ,vishnu is identical with the moon4 ,this universe1 consisting of mobile and immobile creations1 is identical with the protector of what is mobile and immobile in this universe4 ,and ,maheswara is their destroyer4 ,the ,lord ,narayana1 identical with past1 present and future and ,maheswara are the primary causes of ,hiranyagarbha and the great principles4 ,they both are the givers of the ,vedas4 ,they are the creator and the protector of the universe4 ,they send down rain in the shape of ,indra and spread rays in the shape of the sun4 ,they blow in the shape of the wind and create all4 ,thus ,o ,grand-father1 ,i have described to you the great secret4 ,the man1 who daily reads or hears this account1 attains to that most excellent region created by the power of ,vishnu and ,rudra 7#bi-ci74 ,with ,brahm1 ,hari and ,hara are the ,creator1 ,preserver and ,destroyer of the universe4 ,i will now chant their glories4 ,vishnu is adorable unto ,rudra1 and ,rudra is adorable unto ,vishnu4 ,they are one1 still they range in the world under two forms4 ,vishnu is not different from ,shankara and ,shankara is not different from ,vishnu4 ,therefore formerly ,rudra and ,upendra became one4 ,salutation unto ,rudra and ,krishna of one united body 7#dj-db74 ,salutation unto the three-eyed deity1 salutation unto the two-eyed deity1 salutation unto coppery-eyed 7,kumara7 and lotus-eyed 7,pradyumna7 7#dc74 ,salutation unto the holder of the earth1 of the holder of peacock-feathers and of ,keyura4 ,salutation unto him adorned with a garland of skulls1 him adorned with a garland of wild flowers1 him the holder of trident and him the holder of discus1 unto the standard of gold and ,brahm 7#dd-df74 ,salutation unto him clad in skin and salutation unto him clad in a yellow raiment4 ,salutation unto the ,lord of ,lakshmi and unto the ,lord of ,um 7#dg74 ,salutation unto the holder of trident and unto him of mace4 ,salutation unto him whose body is covered with ashes and unto him who is dark-blue hued4 ,salutation unto him who lives in the cremation ground and unto him who lives in an ,ashrama4 ,salutation unto the rider of a bull and unto the rider of ,garuda4 ,salutation unto him who has more than one form1 unto him who has many forms1 unto the ,lord of destruction and unto him who lies on the ocean4 ,salutation unto him who has many forms and unto him who is ,bhairava 7#di-ej74 ,,chapter ,,cclxxiv4 ,,kartikeya ,,goes ,,to ,,the ,,battle-,,field4 ,janamejaya said3--,after the high-souled ,krishna and ,rudra had retired from the battle-field1 how did the hair-stirring battle of the enemies continue 7#a78 ,vaishampyana said3--,stationed on the car brought by ,kumbhnda1 ,guha 7,krtikeya7 drove towards ,krishna1 ,baladeva and ,pradyumna and struck them with hundreds of dreadful and sharpened arrows4 ,bathed in blood those three gods1 like unto three fires1 fought with ,kumara 7#b-d74 ,after those heroes1 expert in fighting1 had struck ,kumra with three weapons given by ,wind-,god1 ,fire-,god and ,indra he1 too1 with three weapons1 counteracted them and struck the ,yadavas with three other weapons1 namely ,shaila1 ,vruna and ,svitri4 ,they however1 devoured1 by virtue of their illusory powers1 all the weapons shot by the great ,kumra1 the holder of burning bow and shaft4 ,then the highly powerful ,guha1 burning in effulgence and biting his lips1 took up the dreadful weapon ,brahmashira like unto the ,destroyer himself 7#e-h74 ,when the highly dreadful weapon ,brahmashira1 endued with the effulgence of a thousand suns and destructive of the world1 was discharged by ,kumra the creatures lost their consciousness through its warmth and fled away on all sides and the whole universe bewailed4 ,seeing it the powerful ,keshava1 the slayer of ,keshi1 took up his discus the destroyer and counteractor of all weapons4 ,as in the rainy season the clouds cover the rays of the sun1 so that discus1 of the high-souled ,keshava1 clouded1 with its lustre1 that of ,brahmashira weapon 7#i-ab74 ,when that ,brahmashira weapon was shorn of its lustre1 power and energy1 ,guha1 with his eyes reddened in anger1 was worked up like fire to which oblation of clarified butter is offered4 ,he then took up a dreadful burning1 golden ,sakti of sure aim1 destructive of enemies and creating terror in all creatures4 ,he then discharged1 in anger1 that celestial burning ,sakti set with bells1 effulgent like a fire-brand and resembling the fire of dissolution 7#ac-ae74 ,he then set up a powerful shout which struck terror unto his enemies4 ,when that ,sakti was discharged by the high-souled ,guha1 it went up into the sky1 yawned and moved about with great force as if desirous of slaying ,krishna4 ,beholding that burning ,sakti the gods and their king were greatly depressed and said--,perhaps ,krishna will be consumed4 ,however as soon as that great ,sakti appeared before him in that great battle the highly powerful ,mdhava shouted and as if remonstrating struck it down on the ground4 ,when that great ,sakti was struck down there arose from all sides exclamations ,well done6 ,well done6 ,and ,vsava together with the celestials sent up a leonine shout4 ,when the gods were thus roaring the powerful ,vsudeva took up his discus for killing the ,daityas 7#af-ba74 ,when ,krishna1 of incomparable energy1 was about to discharge his discus1 the beautiful ,kottavi1 at the mandate of ,mahdeva1 came there naked for protecting ,kumra4 ,the eighth portion of the goddess1 ,lamv1 intervened between them like a beautiful golden ,sakti4 ,seeing the goddess stand before ,kumra the large-armed ,krishna was baffled and said3--,oh fie on you8 ,fly away soon from this place2 why do you throw obstacles in the way of certain destruction8 7#bb-be7 ,vaishampyana said3--,hearing even those words of the mighty-armed ,krishna ,kottavi did not put on her cloth for protecting ,kumra 7#bf74 ,the ,lord said3--,take ,guha with you and fly away soon from the battle-field4 ,it will be well for us to-day1 if you do this4 ,or else if ,i refrain from fighting he will fight with me 7#bg74 ,thereupon beholding that naked goddess in the battle-field the divine younger brother of ,vasava the ,lord ,hari put away his discus4 ,hearing those words of the intelligent ,mdhava1 the god of gods1 the goddess brought ,guha before ,hara4 ,then when the great danger took place and ,guha was protected by the goddess1 ,vna came to that place4 ,when he saw ,guha released from ,krishna's discus and retire from the battle-field he felt an inclination for fighting himself with ,mdhava 7#bh-ca74 ,thereupon bewildered the ghosts1 ,yakshas and ,vna's soldiers fled away on all sides4 ,of that broken army only ,pramathas remained there4 ,and with them the great ,asura soon marched for the battle-field4 ,as the wielder of thunderbolt proceeds in the company of the leading celestials so4 ,vna went out with highly dreadful1 powerful1 energetic and great ,daitya commanders4 ,thereupon chanting the destruction of his enemies his priests and other elderly persons1 well read in ,srutis1 performed benedictory ceremonies1 on behalf of the high-souled ,vna with ,mantras1 recitation and herbs 7#cb-cg74 ,,chapter ,,cclxxv4 ,,the ,,battle ,,between ,,vana ,,and ,,krishna4 ,beholding ,vna issue out and stand for battle ,krishna too rode ,garuda and went towards ,wna4 ,beholding the ,yadu king ,krishna1 of incomparable energy1 the rider of ,garuda1 approach and stand in the west ,vna was filled with anger and said to ,vsudeva3--,wait6 ,wait6 ,you will not escape from me to-day alive to ,dwarak and see your friends there4 ,o ,mdhava1 you have been urged on by ,death4 ,therefore vanquished by me in battle1 you will1 on the eve of your death1 see the golden leaves of the trees4 ,o ,garudhwaja1 being of eight arms how you will be able to fight with me who have a thousand arms8 ,slain with all your friends by me in the city of ,shonita you will remember ,dwrak4 ,you will see to-day my thousand arms1 adorned with various weapons and ornaments1 multiply into a million 7#cf-dd74 ,while ,vna was thus roaring his words as if travelled all over like the dreadful waves of an ocean raised by the wind4 ,as if desirous of consuming the world the eyes of that highly powerful ,asura1 filled with anger1 shone like two suns rising in the firmament4 ,hearing those proud words of ,vna ,nrada so laughed aloud that as if the sky was sundered in twain4 ,seated on a ,yoga seat that ascetic1 filled with curiosity1 moved about on all sides for seeing the battle 7#de-dh74 ,krishna said3--,o ,vna1 why are you roaring thus out of foolishness8 ,the heroes do not vaunt thus4 ,what is the use of vaunting8 ,come and fight with me in the battle field4 ,o son of ,diti1 you have given vent to many unconnected words4 ,if by words victory is accomplished in a battle1 you would have been no doubt victorious4 ,come ,o ,vna2 either defeat me or vanquished by me lie down on earth for good with your face down4 ,saying this ,krishna struck ,vna with arrows cutting him to the quick4 ,thus mangled in that dreadful encounter by ,krishna with arrows cutting to the very vitals ,vna1 with great care1 covered ,krishna with burning arrows4 ,with ,parighas1 ,nisthringsas1 clubs1 ,tomaras1 ,saktis1 maces and ,pattishas he completely covered ,keshava4 ,proud ,vna1 having a thousand arms1 easily fought in the battle-field with two-armed ,keshava4 ,although having eight-arms ,keshava1 the holder of conch-shell1 discus and club1 fought with thousand-armed ,vna in that battle4 ,then beholding ,krishna's superior training ,bali's son was greatly worked up with anger4 ,he then discharged that celestial great weapon destructive of all enemies which ,brahm1 by his ascetic powers1 had formerly created for ,hiranyakashipu4 ,when that weapon was shot off all the quarters were enshrouded with darkness and thousands of dreadful omens were seen on all sides4 ,when all the worlds were covered with darkness every thing was beyond the range of perception 7#di-ei74 ,the ,dnavas applauded ,wna1 saying ,well done6 ,well done6 and words of exclamations by the gods as ,alas6 were heard 7#ij74 ,a dreadful downpour of burning arrows was caused by the power and force of that weapon 7#fa74 ,when that weapon was discharged by ,vna and ,keshava was being burnt1 wind1 storm or clouds did not move 7#fb74 ,when the divine slayer of ,madhu took up ,indra's weapon like unto inevitable death in the battle-field all the worlds were shorn of darkness1 the fire was extinguished and the ,dnavas completely lost their hearts4 ,seeing the ,dnava weapon counteracted as soon as ,indra's weapon was got ready the gods began to laugh and roar like lions 7#fc-fe74 ,beholding his weapon thus counteracted ,diti's son ,vna was beside himself with rage1 said harsh words to ,keshava who was on ,garuda and covered him with maces and ,pattias4 ,keshava1 the slayer of his enemies1 however soon counteracted similingly his uplifted weapon4 ,in that great battle with arrows1 like unto thunderbolts1 shot off his ,srnga bow ,keshava sundered ,vna's car1 with horses and standards1 into pieces4 ,the very next moment the highly powerful ,keshava separated from ,vna's person his highly lustrous crown1 coat of mail1 bow and shield4 ,and smilingly he struck him on the breast with winged arrows4 ,cut to the very quick ,vna lost his consciousness and swooned away4 ,seeing ,vna thus struck and swoon away ,nrada1 who was sitting on the highest top of the palace1 rose up with clapping and said ,o great fortune6 ,great fortune1 blessed is my life and birth since ,i have witnessed today this wonderful prowess of ,dmodara4 ,o thou of large arms1 ,o thou adored by the gods1 do thou accomplish that for which thou hast incarnated thyself4 ,destroy soon ,diti's son ,vna4 ,having thus sung the glories of the ,lord ,krishna and emblazoned the battle-field with sharpened arrows he moved about in the battle-field 7#ff-gf74 ,in that battle their standards1 encountering each other1 fought2 so did the horses of the ,devas and ,dnavas4 ,when ,garuda and the peacock fought they struck each other with wings1 beaks and talons4 ,thereupon leaping up in anger the highly powerful son of ,vinat speedily caught hold of the peacock's head with his beaks and struck him with his wings and talons4 ,thus repeatedly drawn by the highly powerful son of ,vinat the peacock fell down unconscious as the sun drops down from the sky4 ,when the highly powerful peacock fell down on the ground1 ,vna1 stricken with great anxiety1 thought3--,elated with the pride of my strength ,i have not regarded the words of my friends4 ,and therefore ,i have met with discomfiture before the very eyes of the gods and ,daityas4 ,beholding ,vna thus depressed and distressed the ,lord ,rudra grew anxious for protecting him4 ,mahdeva1 then in grave words1 said to ,nandi 7#gg-he71 ,o sinless ,nandi1 go speedily where ,vna stands in the battle-field and give him this celestial car drawn by lions4 ,i do not wish to fight4 ,let me stand here amongst the ,pramathas4 ,you better go and protect ,vna ,saying ,so be it1 ,nandi1 the foremost of car-warriors1 went to ,vna with the car and spoke to him slowly4 ,o highly powerful ,daitya1 get upon this car soon2 ,o hero1 ,i will be your charioteer4 ,do not delay2 ascend this car4 ,ascending that car1 constructed by ,brahm1 of ,bhava of incomparable energy the powerful ,vna1 in anger1 brought into requisition the burning ,roudra weapon ,brahmashira1 capable of destroying all other arms4 ,although the ,lotus-sprung 7,brahm7 had created that weapon for protecting the worlds still they were all agitated when it was ablaze4 ,seeing it and destroying it with his discus ,krishna said to ,vna1 illustrious in the world and incomparable in battle3--,o ,vna1 where are your vauntings now8 ,i now stand for battle3 fight and display your prowess4 ,formerly there was a king having a thousand arms by namely ,krtavirya4 ,his arms were reduced to two by ,rma in battle4 ,your pride1 begotten by the strength of your arms1 will share the same fate4 ,i will soon destroy your pride in the battle-field4 ,if you wait here for a moment ,i will chop off your arms which have created such a haughtiness in you4 ,you will not be suffered to leave me with your life4 ,seeing that highly dreadful encounter like unto that between the gods and demons ,nrada began to dance with glee4 ,vanquished by the high-souled ,pradyumna1 the ghosts1 leaving the battle-field1 went to ,shankara4 ,thereupon ,krishna1 resembling the muttering of the clouds of the rainy season1 soon took up his thousand-bladed discus destructive of the ,daityas in the battle-field4 ,in that discus were combined the energies of luminous bodies1 thunder1 lightnings and of the king of gods4 ,in it were the energies of the three-fold fires1 ,brahma fire and of the austerities and penances of the ,rishis4 ,in it was the energy of chaste women1 the strength of the birds and beasts and the energy of the holder of the discus4 ,in it was the strength of the ,rkshasas1 ,yakshas and ,gandharvas 7#hf-ajd74 ,in it was the power of all other creatures living in the three worlds4 ,that powerful discus of the ,lord1 effulgent like the sun1 stood before ,vna and deprived him of his energy4 ,beholding the ,lord with uplifted discus in the battle-field and knowing that it1 endued with great energy1 was incomparable and could not be counteracted ,shiva said to ,girija3--,o goddess1 the discus1 which ,keshava has taken up1 is unconquerable in the three worlds4 ,thereupon release ,vna before ,keshava discharges this discus4 ,hearing the words of the three-eyed deity the goddess said to ,lamv3--,o ,lamva1 go soon and protect ,vna4 ,saying this ,himalaya's daughter disappeared from view by her yoga powers2 and going only to ,krishna she showed her true form4 ,on the other side seeing the ,lord stand in the battle-field with uplifted discus ,lamv disappeared from view and left off her clothes4 ,in order to protect ,vna1 the goddess ,kottavi1 appeared naked before ,vasudeva4 ,seeing her again return and appear before him with ,rudra's consent ,krishna said3--,o you of red eyes1 you have again come naked to the battle-field for saving ,vna4 ,forsooth ,i will kill ,vna4 ,thus addressed by ,krishna ,lamv said3-,o god1 ,i know the great ,purusottama1 eternal1 undecaying and lotus-navelled ,hrishikesha1 the creator of the world as the prime cause of the universe4 ,o ,keshava1 thou shouldst not slay ,vna who has no match in the battle-field4 ,do thou promise ,vna protection and let me see my son alive4 ,o ,mdhava1 ,i conferred on him a boon saying that ,i would protect him4 ,thou shouldst not falsify my words4 ,thus addressed by the goddess1 ,krishna1 the creator of enemy's cities1 in anger said3--,hear the truth1 ,o lady4 ,i will forsooth cut off to-day his thousand arms1 elated with the pride of which ,vna is roaring in the battle-field4 ,your son will live even if ,vna has two arms 7#aje-abj74 ,and resorting to his demonaic pride he will not approach me any more4 ,thus addressed by ,krishna of unwearied actions the goddess said3--,o god of gods1 let ,vna be so4 ,thereupon the highly powerful and large-armed ,krishna1 the foremost of speakers and strikers1 welcoming ,krtikeya's mother1 said to ,vna in anger3--,fie on your manliness1 ,o ,vna4 ,whenever you have been engaging in an encounter with me ,kottavi1 considering you weak1 is coming and standing in the battle-field4 ,saying this the self-controlled and highly powerful ,krishna opened his eyes and discharged his discus aiming it at ,vna4 ,with great force ,gaddhara1 worked up with ire1 took up that wonderful discus1 effulgent like the sun1 at the discharge of which1 all the worlds1 mobile and immobile1 become unconscious and flesh-eating creatures find great pleasure1 discharged it and cut off ,vna's arms4 ,when discharged by ,shridhara1 parmeating the universe1 that firmament-like discus so moved about in the battle-field that no body could see its true form4 ,gradually cutting off ,vna's thousand arms and making him the owner of only two the ,sudarshana discus returned into ,krishna's hands 7#aba-aca74 ,vaishampyana said3--,when the ,daitya-killing discus returned successful into ,krishna's hands the huge-bodied great ,asura ,vna1 bathed in streaming blood1 who had his thousand arms chopped off1 was maddened with the smell of blood and repeatedly roared like a muttering cloud4 ,hearing his leonine shout ,krishna1 the slayer of his enemies1 was about to hurl his discus again for killing him4 ,thereat approaching him with ,kumra ,mahadeva said3--,o ,krishna1 ,o thou of large arms1 ,i know thee as the eternal ,god ,purusottama1 the destroyer of ,madhu and ,kaitabha4 ,thou art the refuge of the world and the universe has emanated from thee4 ,thou art unconquerable unto the entire world consisting of gods1 ,asuras and ,pannagas4 ,therefore do thou withdraw thy uplifted1 irrepressible1 celestial discus terrible unto the enemies4 ,o slayer of ,keshi1 ,i have promised ,vna protection and therefore do ,i request thee to desist 7#acb-ach74 ,krishna said3--,o god1 salutation unto thee who art adorable unto the gods and ,asuras4 ,i withdraw my discus4 ,at thy request ,vna will live4 ,o ,maheshawara1 at thy request ,i do not accomplish ,vna's destruction for which ,i had come here4 ,permit me now to return 7#aci-adj74 ,saying this to ,mahadeva ,krishna went where ,aniruddha was waiting bound with arrows4 ,after ,krishna's departure ,nndi spoke to ,vna the following well-meaning words3 ,o ,vna1 with these wounds appear before the god of gods4 ,hearing the words of ,nandi1 ,vna too felt a desire of going away speedily4 ,beholding ,vna divested of his arms the powerful ,nandi took him on his car to the rider of a bull 7,shiva74 ,he again spoke these well-meaning words to ,vna3--,o ,vna1 the god of gods is propitiated with you4 ,dance before him and you will meet with your well-being4 ,urged on by ,nandi's words1 the bewildered1 terror-stricken ,dnava ,vna1 desirous of living1 began to dance with his body1 bathed in blood before ,shankara4 ,beholding ,vna1 stricken with fear1 dance again at ,nandi's words1 ,mahdeva1 ever kind unto his votaries1 stricken with compassion1 said3--7#ada-adh74 ,i am pleased with you4 ,the time has come when you may pray for a boon4 ,therefore pray for one you are cherishing at heart4 ,vna said3-,o ,lord1 ,o ,god1 if thou art desirous of giving me a boon grant me one by which ,i may become immortal and freed from fever4 ,mahadeva said3--,o ,vna1 you are now like the gods4 ,you will not meet with death4 ,furthermore1 ,i am always kind to you4 ,pray for another boon4 ,vna said3--,o ,bhava1 may those thy votaries1 who will dance as ,i am doing covered with blood and inflicted with wounds1 have sons4 ,the ,lord said3--,those of my votaries1 who abstaining from food and being patient1 truthful and honest will thus dance1 will have sons4 ,o my son ,vna1 may your desire become fruitful4 ,pray for a third boon4 ,i will grant it4 ,vna said3--,o ,bhava1 may my body1 inflicted with wounds by the discus1 find relief by thy third boon4 ,rudra said3--,so it will be and your body will be freed from pain4 ,it will be healthy and unscathed as before4 ,i am never unkind to you1 specially ,i have been greatly pleased with you4 ,if you wish you may pray for the fourth boon4 ,vna said3--,o lord1 may ,i be the first of the families of ,pramathas and be renowned forever under the name of ,mahkla 7#adi-aeh74 ,vaishampyana said3--,saying ,so be it1 the highly effulgent ,lord ,shankara again said3--,by being under my protection you will have a celestial form1 be of unscathed body and freed from diseases4 ,by living always near me you will have no fear4 ,i give you this fifth boon that you will be well-known by your strength and manliness4 ,o ,vna1 if you have any other desire in your mind pray for another boon4 ,vna said3--,o lord1 by thy favour my body may not be disfigured4 ,i may not be ugly even if ,i have two arms4 ,hara said3--,o great ,asura1 ,i have nothing which ,i can not give away to my votaries4 ,besides you are my greatest votary4 ,what you have wished will be accomplished4 ,thereupon ,mahadeva again said to ,vna who stood by him3--,o ,vna1 what you have said1 will be so4 ,saying it the ,lord1 encircled by ghosts1 disappeared before all creatures 7#aei-afd74 ,,chapter ,,cclxxvi4 ,,krishna ,,finds ,,aniruddha3 ,,gives ,,the ,,kingdom ,,to ,,kumbhanda ,,and ,,fights ,,with ,,varuna ,,for ,,cows4 ,vaishampyana said3--,having thus obtained a number of boons ,vna was highly pleased4 ,and having attained to the dignity of ,mahkala he went with ,rudra 7#a74 ,vsudeva too1 on the other hand1 repeatedly asked ,nrada1 saying3--,o reverend sir1 my mind is overpowered with affection4 ,i wish to know truly where ,aniruddha is waiting bound with the noose of serpents4 ,the heroic ,aniruddha being taken away stealthily the city of ,dwrak is filled with anxiety4 ,i will therefore soon release him for whom ,i have come here4 ,o sir1 ,i wish to see even to-day ,aniruddha who has his enemies slain4 ,tell me if you know the place4 ,thus addressed by ,krishna ,nrada replied3 7#b-e74 ,o ,mdhava1 the prince ,aniruddha is waiting1 bound with serpents1 in the female appartment4 ,in the meantime quickly coming there ,chitralekh said3--,o lord1 this is the female appartment of the high-souled and energetic king of ,daityas ,vna4 ,do thou enter here at ease4 7#f-g74 ,thereupon ,baladeva1 ,krishna1 ,pradyumna1 ,narada and ,suparna entered into the female appartment for releasing ,aniruddha4 ,seeing ,garuda1 all the huge serpents1 which stuck to ,aniruddha's person in the shape of arrows1 at once left him4 ,coming out of his body those serpents dropped on the ground as arrows4 ,afterwards observed and addressed by ,krishna the highly illustrious ,aniruddha1 delighted and with folded hands1 said 7#h-aa73--,o god of gods1 ,o ,keshava1 thou art always victorious over thy enemies3 even the performer of hundred sacrifices cannot stand before thee4 ,thereupon with a delighted mind the noble-minded ,aniruddha saluted the highly powerful and illustrious ,balabhadra4 ,afterwards with folded hands he bowed unto the great ,garuda4 ,afterwards the powerful ,makaraketana1 holding variegated shafts1 approached his father ,pradyumna and saluted him4 ,ush too1 encircled by her friends1 saluted the highly powerful and irrepressible ,vshudeva and ,suparna of unimpeded course4 ,and with bashfulness she also bowed unto the holder of the flowery bow 7#ab-ag74 ,thereupon as requested by ,indra the highly effulgent ,narada smiling approached ,vasudeva's son the slayer of his enemies4 ,and having showered blessings on him he said3--,o ,govinda1 by good luck thou hast been united with ,pradyumna1 ,thereupon all the ,yadavas with ,aniruddha saluted the celestial saint ,nrada4 ,having honored them all in return he said to ,krishna3--,o ,lord1 celebrate a marriage acquired by prowess for ,aniruddha4 ,i have a great desire to see exchange of jokes between the parties of bridegroom and bride4 ,hearing the words of ,nrada all laughed and ,krishna said3--,o revered ,sir1 it will soon be accomplished4 ,in the meantime ,kumbhnda1 with all the articles for the wedding1 arrived before ,krishna and saluted him4 ,kumbhnva said3--,o ,krishna1 ,o thou of large arms1 do thou promise me safety4 ,with folded hands ,i seek refuge with thee4 7#ah-bd74 ,krishna1 at ,nrada's request1 had already stopped his going4 ,now seeing the high-souled ,kumbhnda before and promising him protection he said3--,o ,kumbhnda1 ,i have been pleased with hearing of your good deeds4 ,you will now become the king of this kingdom4 ,i confer this kingdom on you4 ,live you for ever under my protection and be happy and self-controlled with all your kinsmen4 ,having thus conferred the kingdom on the high-souled ,kumbhnda ,janrddana celebrated the wedding festival of ,aniruddha4 ,the ,divine ,regent of fire was present there in person 7#be-bh74 ,after ,aniruddha1 along with his wife1 had bathed himself and been adorned with various ornaments the ,apsaras began to cut diverse jokes with him4 ,the ,gandharvas sang melodious and auspicious songs and the ,apsaras danced thus beautifying that marriage party4 ,having thus celebrated ,aniruddha's nuptials and honored ,rudra1 the giver of boons1 adored even by the celestials the greatly wise ,upendra1 the victor of enemy's cities and the slayer of his enemies1 desired to go away accompanied by the celestials4 ,beholding ,krishna1 the destroyer of his enemies1 about to start for ,dwrak ,kumbhnda1 with folded hands1 said3--,hear1 ,o lotus-eyed slayer of ,madhu1 ,i have something to communicate unto thee4 ,o ,mdhava1 ,vna has some cows in charge of ,varuna4 ,they give nectar-like milk1 drinking which a man becomes highly powerful and invincible in battle 7#bi-ce74 ,after ,kumbhnda had said this ,hari's mind was filled with joy4 ,and bent on going there he expressed his desire4 ,thereupon having blessed ,keshava the divine ,brahm departed for his own region with the inhabitants thereof4 ,indra and ,maruts1 desirous of achieving victory1 set out for ,dwrak where ,krishna resides4 ,seated by the goddess on a peacock ,ush1 encircled by her friends1 started also for ,dwrak4 ,thereupon ,baladeva1 ,krishna1 the highly powerful ,pradyumna and energetic ,aniruddha sat on ,garuda's back4 ,uprooting the trees and shaking the earth1 ,garuda1 the foremost of birds1 went on4 ,when ,garuda proceeded all the quarters were agitated1 the sky was filled with dust and the sun was shorn of its rays4 ,having thus vanquished ,vna and ridden on ,garuda those foremost of men wended a long distance4 ,proceeding a long way towards ,varuna's region by the etherial way they saw those cows yielding celestial milk4 ,those cows1 of various colours1 were grazing in a forest situate on the bank of an ocean4 ,reading the signs described by ,kumbhnda they at once recognized them4 ,beholding those cows of ,vna the eternal ,krishna1 the prime cause of the universe1 well read in the essence of things and the foremost of strikers1 felt a desire for possessing them and said to ,garuda 7#cf-df74 ,krishna said3--,o ,garuda1 those are the precious kine of ,vna drinking whose milk a man becomes immortal4 ,do thou soon go there4 ,satyabhm has asked me to take those cows drinking whose milk the great ,asuras are not possessed by decrepitude and creatures are freed from fever4 ,she has asked me to take these kine if it does not eface virtue and not to be covetous if it stands in the way of my work4 ,o son of ,vinat1 surely these are the kine of which ,saty spoke to me 7#dg-ej74 ,garuda said3--,these are the kine no doubt4 ,i had seen them before in ,varuna's abode4 ,o ,keshava1 seeing me all on a sudden they are entering into ,varuna's palace4 ,therefore thou shouldst do some thing at once for possessing them4 ,saying this ,vinata's son agitated the ocean with the flapping of his wings and entered into ,varuna's abode4 ,thereupon seeing ,garuda enter by force into ,varuna's residence all his followers were stricken with fear and bewildered4 ,afterwards when ,varuna's irrepressible army1 with diverse weapons1 appeared before ,vsudeva1 they had to fight a terrible fight with ,garuda the enemy of serpents4 ,although thousands of ,varuna's irrepressible soldiers came to the battle-field they were all routed by the high-souled ,keshava4 ,the sixty thousand cars of ,varuna with burning weapons1 that had come to fight there1 all fled away and entered into ,varuna's abode4 ,consumed entirely by ,krishna with his arrows they broke down seeing nobody to protect them4 ,that army was completely killed with arrows by powerful and heroic ,baladeva1 ,janrddana1 ,pradyumna1 ,aniruddha and ,garuda 7#ea-eh74 ,seeing thus his own army routed by ,krishna of unwearied actions ,varuna was greatly worked up with anger and went where ,keshava was4 ,he was seen in the battle-field eulogised by the gods1 ,rishis1 ,gandharvas and bands of ,apsaras4 ,a beautiful yellow-colored umbrella1 with water streaming from it1 was held over his head4 ,the lord of waters1 followed by his sons1 grand-sons and soldiers1 took up his bow in anger1 stringed it and invited ,hari for battle4 ,thereupon blowing his conch-shell the lord of waters1 in anger1 ran towards ,hari like ,hara and covered him with arrows4 ,then the highly powerful ,janrddana blew his conch-shell ,pnchajanya and agitated all the quarters with shafts4 ,although assailed with clean shafts in the battle-field ,varuna smilingly fought with ,krishna 7#ei-fe74 ,seeing it ,janrddana got ready in the battle-field the dreadful ,vaishnava weapon and said to the intelligent ,varuna who stood before him ,wait here for a moment3 for killing you this dreadful ,vaishnava weapon1 destructive of enemies1 has been taken up by me4 ,seeing the ,vaishnava weapon upheld the highly powerful ,varuna took up his ,varuna weapon and sent up a leonine shout4 ,o ,victor of armies1 when that ,varuna weapon was discharged for counteracting ,vaishnava weapon from it streamed down profuse water4 ,however with the energy of ,vaishnava weapon that water was ablaze4 ,thus when ,varuna weapon was burnt down and ,vaishnava weapon grew ablaze again all1 filled with fear1 fled away on all sides4 ,seeing it ablaze ,varuna said to ,krishna 7#ff-ga73--,o great one1 remember the manifest ,prakriti which was unmanifest before1 ,o ,lord of yoga1 thou art always pervaded by ,sattwa 7goodness7 still why are you possessed by the 7disorganising7 tendency8 ,cast off ,tama 7disorganising tendency7 ,o god1 throw off your egoism and other weaknesses begotten by the five elements4 ,i am the eldest of thy ,vaishnava form4 ,though ,i deserve thy respect1 being the elder brother1 still why dost thou wish to consume me8 ,o foremost of warriors1 fire does not display its power towards another fire4 ,therefore do thou relinquish your anger directed towards me4 ,thou art the primary cause of the universe and there is none who can lord over thee4 ,prakriti1 capable of manifestating herself1 was formerly created by thee4 ,that ,prakriti1 subject to an end1 resorted to thy energy on account of thine1 being the origin of the universe4 ,through ,prakriti thou didst create this universe identical with ,vishnu1 ,agni1 and ,soma2 and why dost thou then attack it now8 ,salutation unto thee who art the origin of elements1 self-born1 eternal1 undecaying and identical with all1 manifested and unmanifested4 ,do thou protect me1 ,o thou of great effulgence1 who am worthy of being protected4 ,thou art the prime cause of the universe4 ,through thee the creation has multiplied itself4 ,as the boy plays with his toys so thou dost play with thy creations4 ,i am not against ,prakriti nor do ,i contaminate it4 ,thou dost put an end to the changes of ,nature when she is subject to them4 ,that1 which creates change even in changes1 cannot create any change in thee4 ,thou dost create changes in the impious and wicked4 ,when the world is pervaded by the sinful tendencies1 begotten by ,nature1 namely1 the qualities of ,raja 7self-concentration7 and ,tama 7disorganization7 then stupefication possesses her4 ,o lord1 thou art the fountain of supreme knowledge1 omniscient and the creator3 why dost thou stupify me8 7#gb-hd7 ,thus addressed by ,varuna1 ,krishna1 the omniscient hero1 the creator of the world1 was filled with joy4 ,thus spoken to ,krishna smilingly said3--,o hero of dreadful prowess1 do give me these kine for pacifying me4 ,thus addressed by ,krishna1 ,varuna1 clever in speaking1 again said3--,hear1 ,o slayer of ,madhu 7#he-hg74 ,o lord1 ,i had made a contract with ,vna4 ,how can ,i break it now8 ,o ,keshava1 thou canst make every one break his promise4 ,but ,o ,sire1 if a person's character is lost he becomes an object of censure unto the pious4 ,o slayer of ,madhu1 only the pious always deserve respect from all4 ,but the sinful breaker of his promise does not attain to any 7blissful7 region4 ,be thou propitiated therefore1 ,o slayer of ,madhu and do that by which my virtue may not be lost4 ,o ,mdhava1 it does not behove thee to engage me in a work which will lead to a breach of promise4 ,o thou having eyes like those of a bull1 ,i had formerly promised1 that if alive ,i would never give away these kine4 ,if thou dost wish to possess these kine kill me and take them away4 ,o thou of large arms1 ,o king of the celestials1 ,o slayer of ,madhu1 ,i have thus described unto thee my promise4 ,not a single portion of it is false4 ,every bit of it is true4 ,o ,mdhava1 if thou hast any pity for me1 save me4 ,if1 ,o thou of large arms1 dost thou wish to take these kine away1 kill me and take them4 7#hh-id74 ,vaishampyana said3--,thus addressed by ,varuna ,krishna1 the multiplier of the ,yadu race thought1 that what ,varuna had said about the kine could not be gainsaid and was accordingly silenced4 ,thereupon ,keshava1 who could understand all1 smilingly said to ,varuna3--,o ,lord ,varuna1 on account of your contract with ,vna you are saved4 ,specially you have expressed the truth in sweet and charming words4 ,how can ,i then perform an iniquity by you8 ,o lord of water1 you are truthful and therefore for pleasing you ,i let loose ,vna's cows4 ,and you too are released4 ,there is no doubt about it4 ,depart now4 ,thereupon sounding bugles ,varuna adored ,keshava with ,arghya4 ,after the ,yadu chief ,keshava had accepted it from ,varuna1 the lord of waters1 adored ,baladeva with a controlled mind4 ,giving protection unto ,varuna1 ,shouri1 the heroic descendant of ,shura1 with ,sachi's lord set out for ,dwrak4 ,the ,devas1 ,maruts1 ,sddhyas1 ,siddhas1 ,chranas1 ,gandharvas1 ,apsaras1 ,kinnaras followed ,krishna1 the eternal lord of all creatures in the etherial way1 7#ie-ajb74 ,when ,keshava1 on acquiring victory and fame1 proceeded the ,adityas1 ,vasus1 ,rudras1 the two ,ashwinis1 ,yakshas1 ,rkshasas1 ,siddhas1 ,chranas1 and ,vidyadharas followed him4 ,pleased at seeing ,vna and ,varuna defeated the great and ever quarrelsome ,nrada1 set out for ,dwrak4 ,thus proceeding ,keshava1 the holder of discus and club1 saw from a distance the city of ,dwarak having many doors and adorned with blue-turreted1 beautiful palaces resembling the summits of the mount ,kailsha and blew his conch-shell ,pnchajanya4 ,as the blare of ,pnchajanya used to indicate ,keshava's arrival and departure he1 with it1 communicated the news of his approach to the citizens of ,dwrak4 ,hearing the sound of ,pnchajanya the inhabitants of ,dwaraka adorned their respective habitations with profuse flowers1 jars full of water and fried paddy4 ,the streets of that prosperous city1 abounding in many jems1 were cleansed2 the ,brhmanas and the elderly persons with arghya and exclaiming his many victories adored ,mdhava4 ,people bowed unto ,krishna1 highly beautiful and resembling a mass of collyrium who sat on ,vinat's son4 ,the ,kshatriyas1 ,vaishyas and ,sudras in order adored the highly powerful ,ananta1 the slayer of ,keshi4 ,waiting in a garden of ,dwrak1 the lotus-eyed ,mdhava was eulogised by the ,rishis1 gods1 ,gandharvas and ,chranas4 ,seeing those wonders and the large-armed ,krishna the great ,dshrhas attained to an excess of joy4 ,beholding the great ,purusottama return after defeating ,vna1 the inhabitants of ,dwrak began to talk on diverse topics4 ,after the great ,krishna1 the greatest car-warrior amongst the ,yadavas1 had returned from that long distance whither he had gone through the help of ,suparna they conversed amongst themselves4 ,blessed and favoured are we since the kind lord of the universe1 the long and mighty-armed ,krishna is our protector4 ,riding on ,vinat's son the lotus-eyed deity defeated the irrepressible ,vna3 and now returning to ,dwrak he has gladdened our hearts4 ,while the inhabitants of ,dwrak thus conversed1 the gods1 the car-warriors1 entered into ,vasudeva's palace4 ,then coming down from ,garuda's back ,vsudeva1 ,bahadeva1 ,pradyumna and ,aniruddha entered into the palace4 ,celestial cars of various forms were then seen moving about in the sky4 ,drawn by swans1 bulls1 deer1 elephants1 horses1 ,sarasas and peacocks1 those thousands of cars displayed a great beauty there 7#ajc-aba74 ,thereupon in sweet words ,krishna addressed ,pradyumna and other princes3--,salute them in due order--those ,rudras1 ,adityas who have come here4 ,do you all salute the thousand-eyed ,nga who has come here with his followers and dreadful ,dnavas4 ,the seven great ,rishis1 other saints1 and those holders of discuses have all come here for pleasing me--do ye adore them all4 ,the oceans and other quarters have come here for satisfying me4 ,do you adore them in due order4 ,the great ,ngas headed by ,vsuki and cows have come here for pleasing me3 do you adore them in due order4 ,the ,yakshas1 ,rkshasas1 ,kinnaras1 stars and other luminous bodies have come here for pleasing me3 do you adore them in due order4 ,hearing the words of ,vasudeva the princes1 in due order1 saluted the high-souled gods and stood before them4 ,beholding the celestials the citizens1 filled with surprise1 soon collected articles for ,puja and said3--,oh ,i under the protection of ,vasudeva1 we have1 even here1 witnessed this great wonder4 ,afterwards showering flowers1 scents and powdered sandal they adored the gods4 ,controlling their senses and intellectual faculties the other inhabitants of ,dwrak worshipped the gods with fried paddy1 incense and prostration4 ,thereupon ,vsava embraced ,ahuka1 ,vasudeva1 ,shamva1 ,satyaki1 ,nishatha1 ,ulmukha1 the highly powerful ,viprithu and the great ,akrura and smelt their heads4 ,afterwards aiming at the slayer of ,keshi1 worthy of being eulogised1 the great ,shakra1 in the midst of the ,ydavas1 gave vent to the following most excellent words3--,this foremost of ,stwatas and ,yadus has displayed his glory and manliness in the battle field whilst releasing ,aniruddha4 ,having vanquished ,vna in the battle-field before ,mahadeva and ,guha he has returned to ,dwarak4 ,his thousands arms were reduced by him into two 7#abb-aci74 ,having left him only with two arms ,hari has returned to his own city4 ,all the works1 for which the high-souled ,krishna has been born in the land of men1 have been accomplished and we too have been divested of sorrow4 ,without any anxiety do you drink ,madhvika wine4 ,thus attached to worldly objects you will be able to spend your days happily4 ,under the protection of this high-souled one1 ,i too1 shorn of grief1 will live happily with the celestials4 ,having thus chanted the glories of the great ,keshava the destroyer of ,dnavas and adored of the world1 the thousand-eyed ,purandara1 encircled by the gods1 embraced him4 ,thereupon obtaining his permission1 he1 along with the gods and ,marutas1 set out for the celestial region4 ,having honored the highly powerful ,keshava with blessings of victory the great ,rishis1 along with ,yakshas1 ,rakshasas and ,kinnaras1 repaired to their respective quarters4 ,after the departure of ,purandara for the celestial region the highly powerful and great lotus-navelled deity enquired after their well-being4 ,thereupon there arose on all sides tumult of persons for seeing the moon-like countenance of ,keshava4 ,seeing their devotion the sinless ,keshava was highly pleased4 ,having thus returned to ,dwrak1 ,krishna1 obtaining all objects of desire1 riches and prosperity1 lived happily with the ,ydavas 7#aba-adj74 ,,chapter ,,cclxxvii4 ,,aniruddha',s ,,wedding ,,and ,,reception4 ,vaishampyana said3--,thereupon having his eyes expanded with joy the large-armed ,ahuka said to the highly effulgent ,krishna3--,o descendant of ,yadu1 hear what ,i say4 ,o my child1 seeing thee safely return we are all enjoying with the ,apsaras4 ,do thou undertake a great festival for ,aniruddha's return and wedding4 ,united with ,aniruddha and encircled by her friends the great ,ush is living with the greatest possible pleasure4 ,baidarbhi says that the great daughter of the high-souled ,kumbhnda should be enlisted as ,ush's companion4 ,confer now that charming and beautiful daughter of ,kumbhnda on ,shmva and the remaining maidens should be duly given unto the other princes4 ,let a great festival take place in thy residence as well as in that of ,aniruddha4 ,hear1 the damsels of sweet voice are playing on musical instruments in the inner appartment4 ,some of them are dancing and others are singing4 ,some with glee are conversing with one another4 ,and some1 adorned with garlands and clad in variegated raiments1 are moving about hither and thither4 ,some1 under the influence of wine1 are going to others1 and some1 with eyes expanded in joy1 are playing at chess4 ,ush is encircled by her companions2 take her into the palace4 ,the beautiful and noble daughter of ,vna1 by name ,ush1 is a worthy daughter-in-law of thy race4 ,welcome her with all dignity 7#a-aa74 ,after ,ahuka had said this females1 performing benedictory ceremonies1 as laid down in the ritualistic code1 conducted the beautiful ,ush to ,aniruddha's house4 ,beholding ,aniruddha ,devaki1 ,revati and the ,bidarbha princess ,rukshmini shed tears of joy4 ,thus when ,ush was taken into the room1 the beautiful damsels1 blowing bugles1 began to perform benedictory ceremonies4 ,the beautiful ,ush too1 under the shelter of the ,yadu chiefs1 lived in their palace and enjoyed best of happiness 7#ab-af74 ,after a few days1 the ,apsar ,chitralekha1 who was living there under the guise of a woman1 with the permission of ,ush and other companions1 started for the celestial region4 ,thus after the departure of her companions ,myvati first invited the beautiful ,asura princess ,ush and took her to her own residence4 ,seeing her youthful and beautiful daughter-in law ,ush ,pradyumna's wife welcomed her with costly jewels and dresses4 ,thereupon according to the custom of the family all the ladies of the ,yadu race duly treated the new daughter in-law ,ush 7#ag-bj74 ,vaishampyana said3--,o upholder of the ,kuru race1 ,i have thus described to you how ,vna was vanquished by ,vishnu in battle and left alive4 ,afterwards1 encircled by the ,yadavas and enjoying the highest prosperity ,krishna lived in ,dwarak and governed the whole world4 ,o king1 thus incarnating himself on earth ,vishnu was celebrated by the name of ,vsudeva the foremest of the ,yadu race4 ,you had formerly questioned me as to the cause of the powerful ,vishnu's taking birth from ,devaki in ,vasudeva's family in the ,vrishni race4 ,these are all the causes thereof4 ,o ,janameyaja1 you heard all that ,i had said at length relating to ,nrada's question and ,vasudeva's reply in the episode of the wonderful incident4 ,i have removed your doubts about ,krishna's life and conduct in ,mathur and have described all his movements4 ,krishna is the abode of wonders3 there is nothing more wonderful than he4 ,there is no wonder which has not been performed by ,vishnu4 ,vishnu is the foremost of the blessed--the origin and bestower of good fortune4 ,amongst the ,aditvas and ,daityas there is none more wonderful than ,achyuta4 ,he is ,adityas1 ,vasas1 ,rudras1 ,maruts1 the two ,ashwinis1 the sky1 earth1 quarters1 water and luminous bodies4 ,vishnu alone is the creator1 preserver and destroyer1 truth1 ,tapas and the grand-father ,brahma4 ,salute him1 ,o descendant of ,bharata4 ,this lord of the celestials is the whole universe1 is ,ananta amongst the ,ngas and ,shankara amongst the ,rudras4 ,this universe1 mobile and immobile1 has emanated from ,nryana4 ,janrddana has created this whole universe4 ,that ,eternal ,one alone is always adorable unto the gods4 ,thus have ,i recounted ,keshava's glories and ,vna's battle4 ,listening to them you will acquire incomparable family prestige4 ,sin will not invade them1 who will meditate on ,vna's battle and the most excellent deed of ,keshava4 ,o ,janamejaya1 thus after the termination of the sacrifice as questioned by you1 ,i have described all the glorious deeds of ,vishnu4 ,o king1 the man who can meditate on all these wonderful themes1 in his mind1 is freed from sins and repairs to the region of ,vishnu4 ,he1 who will recite this every morning1 will meet with no calamity either in this world or in the next4 ,by reciting it the ,brhmanas will be versed in the ,saman1 the ,kshatriyas will acquire victories1 the ,vaishyas will amass riches and the ,sudras will fare well4 ,he1 who will recite this1 will be visited by no misfortune and live a long life4 ,souti said3--,o foremost of the twice-born1 hearing this ,harivamsha1 ,parikshit's son ,janamejaya was freed from sins4 ,o ,sounaka1 ,i have thus described to you ,hari's family at length and in brief4 ,what more do you wish to hear again8 7#ba-da74 ,,bhavishya ,,parva ,,or ,,the ,,book ,,of ,,future4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,janamejaya',s ,,family4 ,shounaka said3--,o son of ,lomaharshana1 who are the sons of ,janamejaya8 ,and by whom the family of ,pandavas was founded8 ,i have been stricken with curiosity to hear this history4 ,i wish therefore to learn every detail about it as you have said 7#a-b74 ,souti said3--,parikshit's son ,janamejaya begat on his wife ,kshy two sons1 the king ,chandrpida and ,surypida who was conversant with the knowledge of emancipation4 ,by performing works befitting the ,kshatriyas1 the hundred sons of ,chandrpida1 who were all clever archers1 acquired celebrity on earth under the appellation of ,janamejayas 7#c-d74 ,of them the eldest ,satyakarana of long arms1 the performer of many sacrifices accompanied with profuse gifts1 was installed on the throne of ,hastinpur4 ,satyakarna's son the virtuous and powerful ,swetakarna had no issue and he therefore entered into woods with his spouse 7#e-f74 ,the beautiful ,yadu princess ,mlini1 of fair eye-brows1 conceived through the forest-ranging ,swetakarna4 ,just in the beginning of this conception the patriarch ,swetakarna entered like his fore-fathers into woods for good 7#g-h74 ,beholding her husband retire into forest1 ,mlini1 who was quick with a child1 followed him1 and on the way gave birth to a son having eyes like lotus petals4 ,as ,draupadi followed her husbands in the days of yore so the chaste and noble ,mlini followed her consort leaving the new-born baby behind4 ,while that tender baby1 divorced from his mother1 was crying in the mountain cave1 some cranes1 stricken with compassion for the great prince1 came there 7#i-aa74 ,seeing that crying prince ,shravistha's sons the ,rishis ,paippaladi and ,koushika felt compassion and took him up4 ,they then washed with water his two sides which were bruised against the rock and covered with blood4 ,the sides of the prince were dark-blue like those of a goat and were high and well-formed4 ,he therefore passed by the name of ,ajaprsha4 ,thereupon those two foremost of the twice-born 7,paippaladi and ,koushika7 named him ,ajaprsha and brought him up in the house of a ,rishi named ,vemaka 7#ab-ad74 ,vemaka's wife brought up ,ajaprsha as her son1 so he became ,vemaka's son and those two ,brhmanas became his councillors4 ,ajaprsha and the sons and grand-sons of ,paippaladi and ,koushika lived the same life4 ,this ,ajaprsha1 born in the race of ,puru1 founded the family of the ,pandavas 7#ae-af74 ,formerly while transferring his decrepitude ,nashusha's son the intelligent ,yayti sang this verse3 ,earth will forsooth be divested of the sun1 moon and planets but she will never be shorn of the ,purus 7#ag-ah74 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,vyasa',s ,,presence ,,at ,,janamejaya',s ,,sacrifice4 ,sounaka said3--,i have thus recited to you the entire ,harivamsha with all its ,parvas as recounted by ,vyasa's disciple4 ,may this endless history of ,hari's family1 nectar-like and destructive of all sins1 please us4 ,o you endued with patience1 because this history is pleasant to ears it has greatly gladdened our hearts4 ,afterwards1 ,o ,sauti1 what did the king ,janamejaya do on the termination of the ,sarpayajna after listening to this most excellent history 7#a-c78 ,souti said3--,hear1 ,i will describe to you all what the king ,janamejaya did listening to this most excellent history after the termination of the ,sarpayajna4 ,when this sacrifice was finished ,parikshit's son ,janamejaya collected materials for the celebration of a horse-sacrifice4 ,then inviting the ,ritwikas1 priests and preceptors he said3--,i am desirous of celebrating a horse-sacrifice4 ,do ye dedicate these horses 7#d-f74 ,thereupon informed of the object of ,parikshit's son ,janamejaya1 of indefatigable energy1 the virtuous-souled ,krishna ,dwaipyana1 the foremost of the omniscient1 all on sudden came there for witnessing 7the sacrifice74 ,beholding the great ,rishi ,veda-,vyasa arrive there the king ,janamejaya offered him ,arghya1 a seat and water for washing his feet according to the rules laid down in ,sastras4 ,o ,shounaka1 after they had both taken their seats the courtiers1 from all sides1 began to discourse on diverse ,vedic themes4 ,after they had finished their discourses1 king ,janamejaya said to the great ,muni ,veda-,vysa1 the grand-father of the ,pandavas and his own great grand-father 7#g-aj73--,the story of the ,mahabharata1 having many meanings and abounding in ,srutis1 is exceedingly pleasant to ears4 ,it was finished as if in a moment4 ,the history1 which spreads glories and gives fame like unto milk in a conch-shell1 has been beautifully recorded by thee4 ,as a man is not satisfied with ambrosia and bliss of heaven1 so ,i am not with listening to the stories of the ,mahabharata4 ,thou art omniscient1 ,o ,brahman and therefore ,i accost thee whether ,rajasuya was not the cause of the destruction of the ,kurus4 ,it appears to me that as many unconquerable kings meet with death at the time of revolution so the ,rajasuya ,yajna was ordained for battle4 ,i have heard that when this ,rajasuya was undertaken by ,soma it was followed by the war of which ,taraka was the root4 ,afterwards when ,varuna undertook this great sacrifice it was followed by the war between gods and ,asuras4 ,when the royal saint ,harishchandra undertook this sacrifice it was followed by the battle ,adivaka in which many ,kshatriyas were killed4 ,last of all when the worshipful ,pandavas undertook this most arduous sacrifice it was followed by the great ,bhrata war4 ,o great sir1 why did you not all put a stop to that ,rajasuya ,yajna the root of the world-destroying war8 ,it is difficult to celebrate this sacrifice well with all its branches4 ,when one of the branches of a sacrifice is neglected it leads to the destruction of people4 ,thou art the grand-father of our ancestors1 their first lord and art cognizant of the past and future4 ,thyself living as their guide why did those intelligent kings1 as if having none to govern them1 and deviating from the paths of morality1 commit sin8 7#aa-bc74 ,vyasa said3--,o king1 forsooth urged on by ,destiny those kings acted against the established usages and customs4 ,they did not ask me any thing about the future4 ,and1 ,i too did not tell them any thing unasked4 ,besides ,i was not capable of counteracting the future result1 for none can with stand the work of ,destiny4 ,i will describe to you the future subject about which you have questioned me4 ,but ,destiny is now very powerful4 ,and even listening to my words you will not be able to carry them out4 ,either through fear or zeal you will not be able to stand in the ways of a man for it is impossible to overcome predestination4 ,the ,sruti lays down that the ,kshatriyas should celebrate ,ashwamedha1 the foremost of sacrifices4 ,on account of the greatness of that sacrifice ,vsava will violate your ,ashwamedha4 ,o king1 even if you are capable of withstanding ,vsava either by your manliness or through the will of the ,providence you should not celebrate such a sacrifice4 ,however you1 ,sakra1 or the presiding priests will commit no sin thereby for ,destiny is all-powerful4 ,ordained by ,destiny ,brahm will obstruct the termination of ,indra's sacrifice4 ,in the course of time and according to the will of the ,providence creation will come to an end with the termination of a cycle and the ,brhmanas will sell the fruits of sacrifices4 ,therefore know this universe mobile and immobile1 as being subject to ,destiny 7#bd-cb74 ,janamejaya said3--,o reverend sir1 tell me1 what cause will arrive for putting a stop to the horse-sacrifice4 ,hearing it ,i will desist 7#cc74 ,vyasa said3--,o king1 the cause thereof will be the ireful curse of a ,brhmana4 ,you may fare well if you try to avoid it4 ,o slayer of enemies1 as long as the world will last1 the ,kshatriyas will not be able to collect materials for your horse-sacrifice 7#cd-ce74 ,janamejaya said3--,aswamedha will be stopped by the power of the fiery curse of a ,brhmana1 but ,i will be the instrument thereof4 ,indeed ,i am filled with fear and shame4 ,how will a man like myself1 the performer of many good deeds1 like unto a bird1 tied with a noose1 flying into the sky1 engage in such a cursed work1 and exert to live8 ,if ,i engage in such a work1 through me a rite1 practised from generation to generation1 will be spoiled4 ,console me1 saying that the horse-sacrifice will again be undertaken 7by kings7 7#cf-ch74 ,vyasa said3--,as an energy1 counteracted by another1 lives in it1 so the ,aswamedha sacrifice1 although stopped1 will exist in the gods and ,brhmanas4 ,leading the life of a soldier1 some descendants of ,kashyapa will again revive this horse-sacrifice in the ,kali-,yuga4 ,o king1 as the hour of universal dissolution brings into being many evil portends such as white planets so a ,brhmana1 born in his race1 will revive this sacrifice in the cycle of ,kali4 ,this sacrifice will bestow proper fruits on men celebrating it and they will range at the gate of the end of the cycle encircled by the ,rishis4 ,from that time the senses of men will not renounce the fruits of the pristine good works and will not be attached to them in this world4 ,a highly subtle religion1 deviating from the duties of the four orders1 and having charity at its root only1 the offspring of the time1 will flourish4 ,practising austerities to a small extent men1 ,o ,janamejaya1 at the end of this cycle will acquire spiritual powers4 ,thus blessed they will practise pious rites 7#ci-de74 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,kali-,,yuga4 ,janamejaya said3--,i do not know whether the time for ,moksha 7emancipation7 is distant or near4 ,therefore ,i wish to know about the cycle of ,kali which has followed ,dwpara struck with the arrows of virtue and sin4 ,with deeds easily performed we will acquire virtue4 ,stricken with this desire we have been born in this ,kali-yuga 7#a-b74 ,shounaka said ,o thou conversant with religion the cycle of ,kali1 a source of trouble to the creatures and the destruction of virtue1 is about to set in4 ,do thou therefore describe it with its characteristics 7#c74 ,shouti said3--,thus accosted the ,divine ,vysa accurately thought of the condition of men in the ,kali-yuga and began to describe the future cycle 7#d74 ,vyasa said3--,when ,kali will set in the kings1 incapable of protecting their subjects1 will only guard themselves busily exacting tributes from them4 ,at the end of this cycle the kings will not act like the ,kshatriyas1 the ,brhmanas will carry on their livelihood like the ,sudras and the ,sudras will behave like the ,brhmanas4 ,o ,janamejaya1 at the end of this cycle the ,brhmanas1 well read in ,srutis and ,vedas1 will take up arrows and ,havi will be divorced from sacrifices and all people will take their meals in the same row4 ,when the last of the cycles ,kali will appear men will be artizans1 untruthful1 fond of wine and meat and know the wives of their friends4 ,in the ,kali ,yuga the thieves will fare like the kings and the kings will act like thieves and the servants will enjoy unfixed incomes4 ,in the last cycle wealth will be spoken of highly1 the character of the pious will be despised and the fallen will not be censured4 ,the widows1 divorced from the consciousness of virtue and sin1 the ascetics and men of fifteen years of age will procreate offspring through promiscuous intercourse4 ,in that last cycle the villagers will sell food1 the ,brhmanas will sell the ,vedas1 and the women will sell their persons4 ,in this cycle all will read the ,vedas and celebrate ,vajasaneyi sacrifices and the ,sudras will 7boldly7 address all as ,o4 ,the ,sudras following the tenets of ,buddha will abstain from taking meat4 ,and with white teeth1 keen observation and shaving their heads and wearing silk raiments they will practise religion 7#e-ae74 ,the ,mlechchas will live in the province of ,kurupnchla and people of that country will live in that of the former4 ,in the end of the cycle men will go downwards4 ,the ,brhmanas will sell the fruits of ,tapas and sacrifices and the seasons will be perverted4 ,the beasts1 with tusks and teeth1 will be set to ploughs and carts3 men will till with the water of ponds and the clouds will irregularly discharge their contents4 ,the thieves will steal the wealth of one another and wretched men will be rich acquiring very little money4 ,in this last cycle men will be divorced from religious rites1 the divisions of the land will abound in deserts1 and the cities will be traversed by many roads4 ,in the ,kali yuga every body will become a merchant and the sons will divide the ancestral gifts4 ,impelled by covetuousness and false-hood people will fight with one another and rob their wealth4 ,in the absence of beauty1 personal grace and ornaments the women will be only adorned with hairs 7#af-bb74 ,in this last cycle1 men1 divorced from all objects of enjoyment1 as garlands1 sandal1 etc41 will find pleasure only in their wives 7#bb-bc74 ,when the wicked and non-aryans will multiply1 when the number of males will decrease1 and dis-proportionate to it that of women will increase know this as the real sign of the end of the cycle4 ,then every body will be a beggar3 and no one will give alms4 ,without distinction people will accept gifts from other ,varnas 7orders71 ,and afflicted by the king1 thieves and fire1 people will meet with extinction4 ,in this last cycle people will not get crops1 youthful persons will be visited by decrepitude and people will be unhappy for their bad ambition4 ,blowing high and downwards the wind will shower dust in the rany season and people will feel doubts about the next world4 ,every one will be wicked by nature1 will villify the ,god and be egoistic3 being covetous the ,brhmanas will blame others4 ,adopting the ways of the ,vaishyas the ,kshatriyas will maintain themselves by cultivation and trade and the ,brhmanas will destroy the dignity of religion 7#bd-bi74 ,in the end of the cycle men will not observe their vows and promise4 ,and what to speak of their satisfying their own debts1 they will1 for it1 even cast off courtesy4 ,fruitless will be a man's joy and fruitful will be his anger4 ,for milk the sheep will be regarded4 ,in the end of the cycle1 men1 shorn of the knowledge of scriptures1 will naturally behave thus4 ,disregarding moral laws1 men1 proud of their own learning1 will interpret the ,sastras4 ,when the last cycle will set in every one1 without the instruction of their elders1 will acquire knowledge in all branches and there will be no one who will not be a poet4 ,deviating from their right duties the ,brhmanas will turn out astrologers and the kings will become thieves 7#cj-cd74 ,in the end of the cycle those men1 who will co-habit with bastard women1 be deceiptful and drunkards1 will be ,brahmavadins and celebrate horse sacrifices4 ,eager for acquiring riches the ,brhmanas will officiate as priests for unworthy persons and partake of the forbidden food4 ,every one will recite ,bho6 and no one will study the ,vedas4 ,the women will put on one conch bangle and use an ornament of the shape of a paddy4 ,the stars will not be united with proper planets1 the quarters will be contrary--the appearance of an evening and burning will always be seen4 ,the son will engage his father in works and the daughter-in-law will order her mother-in-law4 ,men will co-habit with beasts and women of different castes4 ,the disciples will wound their preceptors with wordy shafts and men1 maddened1 will speak many things4 ,without offering the first four oblations to the gods the ,agnihotris will take their meals2 and without offering food to their guests1 men will eat themselves4 ,deceiving their sleeping husbands the women will visit other men1 and men too1 leaving their sleeping wives1 will go to other women4 ,when the cycle will run out people will be visited with diseases1 mental agony and envy and they will not remedy their own actions 7#ce-dc74 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,kali-,,yuga ,,described4 ,janamejaya said3--,when the whole world will thus be sullied1 by whom men will be protected8 ,how will they behave8 ,what will they take and how will they enjoy8 ,what will be their actions and endeavours8 ,how long will they live8 ,and meeting with what end will they attain to ,satya-,yuga8 7#a-b74 ,vyasa said3--,when religion will be shaken and good conduct will be extinct1 men1 shorn of accomplishments1 will be short-lived4 ,with the decrease of the duration of life1 there will be decay of strength4 ,it will lead to the perversity of colour which will produce diseases4 ,this will give birth to repentence which will beget the consciousness of the ,god4 ,and this will produce again virtue4 ,with this end they will attain to the ,satya ,yuga4 ,some1 observing virtue in words only1 will grow indifferent and some1 being conscientious1 will1 with curiosity1 enquire into causes4 ,having their minds freed from doubts1 some men1 proud of their learning1 will find out unity between inference and evidence 7#c-g74 ,others will disprove the ,vedas4 ,the wicked and ignorant men1 proud of their learning1 will be atheists4 ,they will be proud and divorced from the knowledge of ,sastras4 ,they will have reverence for the apparent meaning and be fond of discussions4 ,when at the revolution of the cycle religion will be shaken people will follow the last 7,vishnu's7 dispensation2 and with gifts and truthfulness they will perform many merciful acts 7#h-aa74 ,during that period people will eat every sort of things1 be of uncontrolled senses1 devoid of accomplishments and shameless4 ,know this as the consummate sign of sinfulness4 ,when the ,kshatriyas and other orders1 will resort to begging1 the eternal means of subsistence unto the ,brhmanas1 for their livelihood know it as the sign that sin has set in4 ,when this cycle1 destructive of knowledge and learning1 will be filled with sin1 people1 leading the life of celibacy1 will attain to the consummation of spiritualism within a short time4 ,in the last cycle will take place great wars1 great tumults1 great showers and fears3 know these to be the signs of sinfulness4 ,in the end of the ,yuga the ,rakshasas will assume the forms of the ,brhmanas and the kings1 bent upon speaking harsh words1 will enjoy the earth4 ,when men1 divorced from the study of the ,vedas1 celebration of sacrifices and morals1 proud1 avaricious1 eating all1 performing useless rites1 stupid1 selfish1 covetous1 putting on worthless dresses1 mean1 deviating from the eternal religion1 the stealers of other's riches1 the ravishers of others' wives1 lustful1 wicked1 deceiptful and brave1 will be born with equal character the various ascetics will hide themselves 7#ab-bj74 ,with words men will worship those persons1 devoted to the ,god1 who were born in the ,krita age 7#ba74 ,men will steal corns1 raiments1 edibles and even dry cow-dung 7#bb74 ,the thieves will steal the property of other thieves and murderers will kill other murderers4 ,when thieves will kill the other thieves people will fare well 7#bc74 ,when the world will be impoverished1 oppressed and divorced from evening prayers and when all the orders will live in the same style men1 pressed down by the weight of taxes1 will retire into woods 7#bd74 ,the sons will engage the father in all works and the daughter-in-law will make the mother-in law work4 ,and when sacrifices will be stopped the disciples will pain the preceptor with wordy shafts4 ,the ,rkshasas1 the voracious animals1 insects1 mice and serpents will injure men4 ,o king1 in the close of the cycle1 peace1 prosperity1 health1 friends and literature of the people will suffer decrease4 ,being themselves their own masters and thieves1 kings1 loaded with the miseries of the cycle1 will roam in circles in various countries4 ,travelling in their own countries and growing useless1 men1 with their friends1 will await the appointed time 7#be-bi74 ,assailed with fear and hunger and carrying their sons on their shoulders men will cross the ,koushiki and seek shelter in the provinces of ,anga1 ,banga1 ,kalinga1 ,kashmira1 ,mekala and ,rishikntagiri4 ,men will live with the ,mlechchas on the sides of the ,himalaya1 the bank of the ocean of salt water or in the forests4 ,the earth will be shorn and yet not shorn of its inhabitants4 ,although armed the guards will not do their duties4 ,men will live on deer1 fish1 birds1 beasts of prey1 serpents1 insects1 vegetables1 fruits and roots 7#cj-cd74 ,like ,munis men will collect themselves and put on bark1 leaves and deer-skin4 ,although living in mountain caves they will grow anxious for knowing and eating paddy growing in villages or in the forest4 ,they will with care rear up sheep1 goats1 asses and camels 7#ce-cf74 ,living on the bank of rivers for water they will obstruct the currents4 ,and they will sell and buy cooked food amongst themselves4 ,for taking their own shares the sons will fight over the capital4 ,under the influence of the age people will have children1 have none and will be shorn of the good marks of their families4 ,people1 in that cycle1 will follow a degraded faith preached by a degraded person4 ,the duration of a man's life will be thirty years4 ,and attacked by fever they will grow weak and lose their wealth2 their physical organs will be enfeebled by diseases and they will be visited by sorrow consequent upon the decrease of their longevity4 ,they will be busily engaged with visiting and serving the pious and on account of the wane of their conduct they will attain to ,satya-,yuga4 ,they will practise pious rites because they will not get objects of desire2 and they will shrink from committing oppressions on account of their weakness proceeding from the destruction of their own men 7#cg-dc74 ,thus making gifts1 observing truth and cherishing reverence for the safety of their own lives they will satisfy the four-fold duties and meet with well-being4 ,amongst those men rolling with the senses and their objects1 some will acquire the true knowledge and say ,whether virtue or death has sweet fruits4 ,as decline gradually takes place so does advancement4 ,afterwards when religion will be completely followed by men ,krita-yuga will set in4 ,as the moon increases in the light half of the month and decreases in the dark half1 so good conduct multiplies in the ,krita-,yuga and suffers decrease in the ,kali4 ,however the time is one3 according to increase and decrease1 ,satya1 ,treta1 ,dwpara and ,kali are its four stages4 ,as the moon is enshrouded by darkness in the dark fortnight and becomes full in the light fortnight so virtue increases in the ,satya and decreases in the ,kali ,yuga4 ,as a man does not regard an ancestral lump of gold covered with dust as gold and thinks himself poor1 and again considers himself rich when he finds it gold after it is cleansed1 so when the great soul is covered with ,my pervaded by the quality of darkness1 men call it a creature and when it is divorced from ,mya they call it pure intelligence4 ,it is thus said in the ,vedas and the learned men also have explained its meaning4 ,by penances having heaven etc41 for their object1 eternal fruits are begotten3 these fruits produce gunas or qualities and thus their actions are accomplished4 ,by these truthful actions even body is not liberated4 ,the fruits of actions follow the country1 time and worthy person in various ,yugas3 and thus difference is seen in them4 ,so the ,rishis have said2 in various cycles differences in worldly profit1 objects of desire1 adoration of the deities and duration of life1 are created4 ,as according to the nature of the ,providence the revolution of cycles takes place1 so the rise and decay takes place in the world which cannot stand inactive even for a moment 7#dd-ec74 ,,chapter ,v4 ,,indra ,,ravishes ,,vapusthama3 ,,vishwavasu ,,pacifies ,,janamejaya',s ,,wrath4 ,souti said3--,while the foremost of ,rishis thus consoled the king ,janamejaya1 his words1 relating to the past and future1 were heard by all those who were present in that meeting 7#a74 ,their ears were pleased with 7drinking7 the juice of that great ,rishi's words like unto the nectar-carrying rays of the moon 7#b74 ,hearing the charming history of the ,bhrata war in which many heroes were killed and which yielded virtue1 worldly profit and desire1 some1 in that assembly1 shed tears and some engaged in meditation4 ,that chronicle was described by the ,rishi as if it was written on his palm 7#c-d74 ,having circumambulated all the courtiers present there the divine ,rishi ,vysa obtained their permission and departed saying ,i will see you all again 7#e74 ,afterwards the leading ascetics followed that foremost of ,rishis ,vysa1 the best of speakers4 ,after the departure of the divine ,vysa and of the ,rishis1 the priests and the kings repaired whence they had come 7#f-g74 ,casting off anger like unto a serpent throwing off its venom and wrecking revenge on those dreadful ,pannagas king ,janamejaya went away4 ,with the ,homa fire the great ,muni ,astika saved ,takshaka of burning hood and repaired to his own hermitage4 ,king ,janamejaya too1 encircled by his own people1 went to the city of ,hastinpur and with joy began to govern his contented subjects4 ,a few days after ,janamejaya duly undertook the celebration of a horse sacrifice accompanied with profuse presents 7#h-aa74 ,having controlled herself according to the rites laid down in the scripture the worshipful lady ,vapusthum ,kshy1 went to the horse slain at ,janamejaya's sacrifice1 and sat down near it4 ,desiring for that perfectly beautiful lady ,vsava entered into the body of the slain horse and knew her4 ,beholding that change ,janamejaya said to the sacrificing priest1 ,this horse has not been slain3 kill him at once4 ,coming to know of that endeavour of ,indra's the wise priest communicated it to the royal saint ,janamejaya and imprecated a curse on ,indra 7#ab-be74 ,janamejaya said3--,o ,shounaka1 if there is any fruit accruing to me for my penances1 protection of the subjects and sacrifice1 ,i swear by it and tell you some thing2 hear2 from to-day the ,kshatriyas will no more worship the fickle-minded ,indra1 who has no control over his mind1 with horse sacrifices 7#af-ag74 ,then greatly worked up with anger king ,janamejaya said to the presiding priests3--,while this sacrifice of mine has been spoiled by ,indra1 forsooth ,i know that you have not the least of a ,brhmana's energy in you4 ,you should not therefore live in my territory4 ,do you go elsewhere with your friends4 ,thus addressed the ,brhmanas grew angry with ,janamejaya and went away4 ,thereupon greatly worked up with anger the highly pious king ,janamejaya went inside his palace and ordered his queens saying ,drive away the unchaste ,vapushtham from my house who has placed on my head her feet covered with dust4 ,she has destroyed my glory and fame and spoiled my honor4 ,i do not wish to see that unchaste wife like a cast off garland4 ,he1 who in this world lives with a wife fond of other men1 cannot enjoy sweet food and sleep happily in a solitary place4 ,he should not enjoy her like unto spoiled ,havi4 ,saying this1 ,parikshita's son1 irate1 was crying aloud4 ,the ,gandharva princess ,vishwvasu then said to him 7#ah-bd73 ,vishwavasu said3--,o king1 thou hast celebrated three hundred sacrifices2 ,vsava therefore cannot forgive you any longer4 ,vapustham1 this thy properly wedded wife1 has no fault4 ,she was formerly the ,apsar ,rambh and is now born as the daughter of the king of ,kshi4 ,enjoy with this best of beautiful damsels considering her as a great jewel4 ,do not ever leave her4 ,o foremost of ,kurus1 thou art like ,sachi's lord in riches4 ,beholding thee ready to celebrate sacrifices1 the king of gods1 seeking holes1 has put in obstacles here4 ,o king1 thinking that thou wilt surpass him in fruits of sacrifices1 the king of gods has obstructed this ,yajna 7#be-bh74 ,desirous of throwing an obstacle ,vsava1 seeing the horse slain and seeking loop holes1 has employed this illusion here4 ,indra has known her thinking her as ,rambha whom thou dost regard as ,vapustham4 ,worked up with anger in consequence thereof thou hast cursed those priests who have officiated at thy three hundred sacrifices and hast been deprived of the fruits which only ,indra is entitled to4 ,and those preceptors too have been driven away by thee4 ,vsava always stood in fear of thyself and the ,brahmanas4 ,by accomplishing this feat through his illusory power he has been freed from both the fears4 ,how can that highly powerful ,purandara1 who is desirous of achieving victories1 ravish the wives of his sons and grand sons which even the ordinary men do not8 ,as intelligence1 virtue1 control of senses1 spiritual prowess and glory exist sufficiently in ,indra the rider of lions so do they exist in thee who hast celebrated three hundred sacrifices4 ,therefore do not blame ,indra1 the preceptors1 ,vapustham and thy own self4 ,it is very difficult to overcome the ,destiny 7#bi-ce74 ,by virtue of his spiritual powers the king of gods entered into the horse and excited thy wrath3 but be not worked up with anger4 ,those1 who wish happiness1 should always follow the ways of the ,providence 7#cf74 ,it is very difficult to overcome the adverse destiny as it is to cross the current from a contrary direction4 ,therefore desist from the attempt2 and shorn of anxiety do thou enjoy in the company of this jewel of a sinless wife 7#cg71 ,o king1 if ordinary innocent ladies are divorced by men1 they curse the latter4 ,one should never divorce a celestial wife if she is innocent4 ,rays of the sun1 flames of fire1 the sacrificial altar1 oblations and a wife who is not attached by another are never sullied even when they are touched by others4 ,wives of good character like the goddess of prosperity should be always respected1 maintained1 protected and adored by the learned 7#ch-di74 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,janamejaya ,,lives ,,happily3 ,,effect ,,of ,,the ,,rishi',s ,,words4 ,shouti said3--,thus requested by ,vishwvasu ,janamejaya1 whose mind was filled with useless anxiety1 was propitiated with ,vapustham and celebrated a religious rite for the removal of sin4 ,driving away his mental labour1 desiring for fame and pleasing ,vapustham the pious ,janamejaya governed his kingdom 7#a-b74 ,he did not abstain from worshipping the ,brhmanas1 celebrating sacrifices1 making gifts and looking after his ,state and did not scold ,vapustham4 ,continually meditating with a confident heart on what the ,rishis of great penances had said1 viz41 ,it is impossible to overcome the work of ,destiny king ,janamejaya cast off his anger 7#c-d74 ,he1 who reads these great words of the great ,rishi1 becomes most adorable unto men1 lives sufficiently long and attains to fruits which it is difficult 7for others7 to acquire 7#e74 ,the man1 who reads these words destructive of the sin of the performer of hundred sacrifices1 is freed from sins1 obtains many desired-for objects and lives happily for a long time 7#f74 ,as a tree yields fruits originating from flowers and it springs up again from those fruits1 so those words1 emanating from the great ,rishi1 make him prosperous again 7#g74 ,by virtue of these words a son-less man obtains powerful sons1 a man1 losing his position in the world1 regains it1 one is freed from diseases and fetters1 and being endued with accomplishments he performs auspicious works 7#h74 ,by hearing these auspicious words of the ,rishi the maidens obtain husbands after their hearts and give birth to powerful and accomplished sons capable of grinding their enemies 7#i74 ,hearing these words the ,kshatriyas conquer the world1 and their enemies and acquire immense wealth1 the ,vaishyas obtain sufficient properties and the ,sudras attain to a better status 7#aj74 ,recollecting this episode which has been described to you in the circle of the ,brhmanas1 you1 resorting to patience and calmness1 range happily in the world4 ,thus ,i have recounted to you the lives and conduct of the great ,rishis of wonderful deeds4 ,tell me what else you wish to hear4 ,i will describe it to you 7#aa-ac74 ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,,the ,,attributes ,,of ,,god4 ,janamejaya said3--,o thou the lord of those conversant with ,yoga1 do thou describe to me at length the power of the lotus-navelled deity lying asleep in the water of the ocean and how the gods with ,rishis were born in the universe4 ,i am not satiated with listening to an account of his glories 7#a-b74 ,how long did that ,purrusottama lie there8 ,being himself the cause of the origin of time why did he sleep at that time 7#c78 ,how long after did the divine king of the celestials awake8 ,and after being aroused why did he create this universe8 ,who were the ,patriarchs before1 ,o great ,muni8 ,why did the ,eternal ,purusha create the worlds8 ,o ,muni1 formerly when the mobile and immobile creatures1 gods1 ,asuras1 serpents1 ,rkshasas1 air1 fire1 sky and earth were destroyed how did the highly powerful ,lord and ,preceptor of the celestials1 the king of great elements1 lie asleep in that all-expanding one ocean in which all the elements were immersed 7#d-h74 ,i have sought refuge with thee1 ,o ,brahman1 thou shouldst forsooth describe the glories of ,nryana 7#i74 ,o reverend sir1 it behoveth thee to describe unto me the past and future incarnations of the ,great ,deity that should be adored by persons having reverential faith 7#aj74 ,vaishampyana said3--,o sinless scion of the ,kuru race1 it is indeed worthy of thy family that thou art anxious to listen to the glorious deeds of ,nryana 7#aa74 ,o king1 hear as we had learnt from the ,brhmanas about the power of the ,lotus-navelled ,deity who had learnt it from the prime and ancient gods as recorded in the ,srutis 7#ab74 ,o ,bharata1 through mental concentration ,parsara's son1 the beautiful preceptor ,dwaipayana1 powerful like unto ,vrihaspati1 witnessed the power of the ,lotus-navelled ,deity and described it4 ,i shall describe it to you as ,i had heard before4 ,but although ,i am a ,rishi ,i have not been able to learn it completely 7#ac-ad74 ,o king1 who can try to know the ,great ,purusha ,nryana whom even the creator1 the originator of the universe1 could not know fully 7#ae78 ,i have heard truly what is held as a great secret by the creator of the universe1 identical with all and the origin of principles and by the great ,rishis and gods1 ,o sinless-one4 ,him alone1 persons conversant with spiritual knowledge meditate on4 ,he is the efficient cause of ,karma1 the prime deity of the celestials and is unseen by all4 ,he is without beginning and end3 ,he is the eternal truth which the great ,rishis strive to know3 ,he is ,jnna or knowledge of the celestials and is perceived by persons1 well read in the ,vedas as the ,absolute ,intelligence4 ,he is the creator of the objects of senses and creates the elements as ,hiranyagarbha4 ,he is intellect1 mind1 ,kshetrajna1 the principle of greatness1 ,purusha and the ,great ,soul4 ,he is identical with time the witness of all and is independent4 ,he is identical with five vital breaths1 the cause of their action1 is real and undecaying4 ,he is the cause of our actions and the ordainer of what we should do and should not4 ,he should be sought for by us1 by every means1 should be spoken of and heard of4 ,he is heaven1 emancipation1 the various changes1 the mysterious world and our protector4 ,i will describe this ,naryana unto you4 ,o king1 all that exists in the three worlds1 untruth1 cause and action1 past and future1 mobile1 immobile and eternal has emanated from the ,lotus-navelled ,lord1 the ,great ,purusha 7#ae-be74 ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,,the ,,duration ,,and ,,characteristics ,,of ,,yoga4 ,vaishampyana said3--,o ,janamejaya1 the learned have described the ,satya-,yuga as extending over four thousand years4 ,and to each period of junction1 at the commence ment and termination1 has been alloted four hundred years 7#a74 ,virtue had at that time four legs and sin one1 and men1 observant of their own duties1 used to celebrate sacrifices4 ,during that age the ,brhmanas used to perform their own duties1 the kings used to follow their own duties1 the ,vaishyas were busy with the work of cultivation and the ,sudras with serving 7others7 7#b-c74 ,truth1 the quality of goodness and religion flourished and people used to receive4 instruction from others for following the pious 7#d74 ,o ,bhrata1 such was the conduct of all men in the ,krita-,yuga whether of the religiously-minded or of persons born in low lives 7#e74 ,the duration of the ,tret-,yuga was three thousand years and that of its commencement and termination severally extended over three hundred years 7#f74 ,during that period virtue had three legs and sin two4 ,truth and the quality of goodness continued intact as in the ,krita-,yuga4 ,desiring for the fruits of religious practices mankind was vitiated4 ,and accordingly the religious rites of the four orders suffered deterioration and they grew weak4 ,o king1 thus the work of the ,tret-,yuga1 as ordained by the gods1 has been described to you4 ,listen now to the work of ,dwpara 7#g-i74 ,o foremost of ,kurus1 the duration of ,dwpara extended over two thousand years and that of its two periods of conjunction was two hundred years each 7#aj74 ,during that age wise ,brhmanas were born as being selfish1 possessed by the quality of ,rajas 7self-centering tendency71 deceiptful1 mean-minded and of perverted nature4 ,virtue had two legs and sin three and therefore the bridges of eternal religion were gradually perverted 7#aa-ab74 ,true ,brahmanahood disappeared1 faith in ,god was shattered1 and ,vrata1 fasts and other religious rites were abandoned 7#ac74 ,the duration of the ,kali-,yuga is one thousand years that of its two periods of conjunction is one hundred each 7#ad74 ,during this period virtue has one leg and sin has four4 ,men are born as being lustful and possessed by the quality of ,tamas 7disorganizing tendency74 ,none practises fast1 none behaves like a pious man and none speaks the truth4 ,every man becomes an atheist or ,brahma-vdin4 ,everyone becomes haughty and devoid of the feeling of affection4 ,the ,vipras will behave like the ,sudras and the ,sudras will be endued with the characteristics of the ,brhmanas 7#ae-ag74 ,in the ,kali-,yuga people will violate the ,ashramas1 procreate offspring by promiscuous intercourse and know women whom they should not know4 ,thus1 ,o ,janamejaya1 twelve thousand years constitute a ,yuga and seventy-one ,yugas constitute a ,manawantara4 ,at the time of the termination of a cycle no one doubts the three ,vedas4 ,the learned consider twelve thousand celestial years as constituting a ,yuga4 ,and a thousand of such ,yugas forms one day of ,brahm's 7#ah-bj74 ,o ,bhrata1 after the passing away of this day the great lotus-navelled ,deity1 the lord of great elements1 witnesses the decay of the body of the ,brhmanas1 ,daityas1 ,dnavas1 ,yakshas1 ,rakshas1 ,gandharvas1 ,kinnaras1 ,apsars1 celestial ,rishis1 ,brahma ,rishis1 ,royal ,rishis1 serpents1 mountains1 rivers1 beasts1 birds1 deer and other creatures4 ,then resorting to his world-destroying intelligence he performs dreadful feats for bringing the universe into dissolution 7#ba-be74 ,in the form of the sun he takes away the vision of all creatures1 in the shape of the wind he takes away their vital breaths1 in that of the fire he consumes all the worlds and in that of the cloud he again sends down unfavourable showers 7#bf74 ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,,the ,,work ,,of ,,dissolution ,,described4 ,vaishampyana said3--,having assumed the form of fire the ,yogin ,nryana1 of seven forms1 dries up the oceans with burning flames4 ,by ,his own energy ,he destroys all desires in the shape of rivers and oceans and their powers in the form of mountains4 ,he also destroys the two bodies gross and subtle4 ,and fixing all on ,brahma1 the root of both the bodies ,he dries up all the qualities in order to create the universe again4 ,he gives unto creatures the felicity that lies in ,brahma the efficient cause of the universe4 ,at that time ,he destroys even all this4 ,although ,hari is powerful like the wind1 ,he1 having conquered the whole universe1 draws upwards the five vital breaths and the five senses4 ,afterwards the five senses of the celestials and other creatures and their objects1 such as smell1 body etc4 resort to the earth 7for their existence7 7#a-f74 ,the organ of taste1 tongue and its object juice go to the water4 ,the organ of vision eye and its object colour go to the luminous bodies4 ,the organ of touch1 skin1 and its object touch1 the vital breath and its work1 motion1 go to the air4 ,and all these exist in the ,hrishikesha who is like a thread 7#g-h74 ,in order to keep the gods1 pervaded by subtle faculties1 senses and their objects in a balanced state in the universal thread the ,omniscient ,lord attracts them all through the air4 ,then the dreadful fire ,samvarttaka1 the cause of the universe produced by the contact of colour1 touch c1 burning up in a hundred flames1 consumes the whole world4 ,after that fire has reduced1 into ashes1 the mountains1 trees1 groves1 creepers1 twigs1 celestial cars1 cities1 hermitages1 celestial buildings and other habitations1 ,hari1 the preceptor of the world1 extinguishes it with the water of action4 ,then assuming the form of a huge cloud the thousand-eyed1 highly powerful ,krishna gratifies the earth with pure water4 ,thereupon when the earth is greatly pacified with highly auspicious1 sacred1 sweet and nectar-like water1 when the mountains and trees lie under water1 when the clouds are surcharged with water1 when the earth is converted into one sheet of water and shorn of all creatures1 all the great elements are immersed in ,hrishikesha1 lying in a subtle place shorn of the sun1 ether and living creatures 7#i-ag74 ,thus having dried up1 consumed1 agitated and drunk the entire creation the ,eternal ,purusha1 of unlimited intellect1 exists alone resorting to ,his ancient form4 ,when the great ,yogin lies in his ,yoga sleep in the all-covering ocean1 all the elements1 existing eternally1 lie unitedly in the pure ,brahma4 ,no one can perceive that unmanifest ,purusha as manifest when ,he lies for ayuta thousand years in the one ocean 7#ah-ai74 ,janamejaya said3--,what is this all-expanding ocean which thou hast described8 ,who is this ,purusha8 ,what is ,yoga8 who is a ,yogin8 7#bj74 ,vaishampyana said3--,no one can understand waiting how long the ,lord will convert all into one ocean4 ,at that time the ,lord will only gauge all1 see all and know all3 nothing else will be perceptible4 ,having permeated the the sky1 earth1 air and the other elements with ,his intelligence and kept the lord of celestials1 ,brahm endued with mental faculties immersed in ,himself the ,lord1 controlling ,his creative energy1 will be asleep in the water 7#ba-bb74 ,,chapter ,x4 ,,the ,,god ,,after ,,dissolution4 ,vaishampyana said3--,thus when every thing will be converted into one ocean the highly illustrious ,lord ,hari1 having brought about the dissolution of the universe as the material cause1 exists as pure intelligence4 ,the great ,nryana1 who is above the reach of the quality of ,rajas and whom the learned describe as eternal1 covered with his own consciousness1 lies asleep for three ages in the body of the impassable ocean the fruit of the quality of ,rajas and of elements4 ,the ,purusha1 having a head1 feet etc41 is attainable by ,yoga and sacrifices1 but the ,great ,purusha is different from him4 ,this pure intelligence lies in all4 ,the ,lord created from his mouth ,brahm and the ,saman reciters1 and from his arms ,hotas and ,adhyaru priests4 ,he then created ,mitra and ,varuna1 the reciters of the ,vedas1 ,samprastata and ,pratishta4 ,from his belly he created ,pratiharta and ,pota4 ,from his two thighs he created ,adhyapak and ,neshta1 from his hands created ,agnidra and ,subramanya and from his arms he created ,grv and ,unneta4 ,thus the ,lord created these most eminent sixteen sacrificial priests4 ,the ,lord is known in the ,vedas as the great ,soul4 ,through sacrifices one can attain to ,him4 ,the ,vedas1 ,upanishads and the sacrifices are described as the means for attaining to ,him4 ,when the ,lord exists in the form of his pure intelligence a wonderful affair takes place4 ,it is heard that ,mrkandeya witnessed it 7#a-ab74 ,by virtue of a boon granted by the ,lord and ,his power the great ,rishi ,mrkandeya lived for many thousand years4 ,and when he was worn out he lived in the cavity of ,his belly4 ,there he recited names1 performed ,homa and practised hard penances4 ,afterwards issuing out on pilgrimage he visited all the sacred shrines of the world1 hermitages1 various countries and cities4 ,thus travelling he gradually came out of the ,lord's mouth2 but over-powered by the illusory power of the ,deity he could not think that he had come out 7#ac-af74 ,thus coming out of ,his mouth ,mrkandeya saw one ocean1 i4e41 ,brahma in pure intelligence and all covered with the darkness of ignorance4 ,seeing it1 he was possessed by a dreadful fright and was anxious about his own life4 ,but seeing the ,pure ,intelligence he was pleased and filled with great wonder4 ,unable to discriminate all particularly and wholesale1 he1 stricken with terror1 thought--,is this my thought1 stupifaction or dream8 ,all these appear to me in a different light and nothing seems as real4 ,the ,real is shorn of attachments and the pain of ignorance4 ,it never appears in such a mental desire4 ,what is this region divested of the moon1 the sun1 the air1 mountains and earth8 ,thus thinking he saw in that great ocean like into a cloud surcharged with water a mountain-like ,purusha lying asleep4 ,that ,purusha was as if afflicting the worlds with his sunny effulgence4 ,he was awake as if for his gravity and breathing like a serpent 7#ag-bc74 ,then curiously enquiring ,who must be he8 the great ,muni ,mrkandeya approached the ,lord and gradually entered into the cavity of his belly4 ,entering there and thinking that he had dreamt a dream he1 with firm conviction1 began to move about there as before4 ,as formerly ,mrkandeya ranged over the surface of the earth visiting all the shrines so he travelled there4 ,by his ,yoga power he saw in the cavity of the ,deity's belly a hundred performers of sacrifices accompanied with profuse gifts1 and the ,brhmanas and other castes of good conduct who were observant of the duties of the four ,ashramas and following good ways4 ,although he travelled there hundreds and thousands of years the intelligent ,mrkandeya could not arrive at the end of the cavity 7#bd-bi74 ,thereupon once on a time ,mrkandeya again came out of 7the ,lord's7 mouth and saw a boy asleep on the branch of a fig-tree4 ,the inside of that forest1 girt with one ocean1 was covered with dew and was not therefore visible3 the earth was shorn of the four sorts of creatures and everything looked dreadful4 ,seeing it ,mrkandeya was again filled with curiosity1 but could not get near that boy who was effulgent like a thousand suns4 ,afraid of the ,lord's illusion he stood by the solitary water and thought ,have ,i not seen it before8 ,he then descended into the calm and limitless ocean and worn out with fear and toil he began to enjoy rest there 7#cj-cd74 ,thereupon the ,lord ,purusottama1 who had assumed the form of a swan and attained to boy-hood by ,his ,yoga power1 said in a voice gave like the muttering of a cloud 7#ce74 ,the ,lord said3--,o my son1 ,o foremost of heroes and ascetics1 ,o ,mrkandeya1 you are a boy4 ,you are greatly worn out with toil4 ,come near me1 you have no fear 7#cf74 ,mrkandeya said3--,who1 mentioning my name1 has destroyed my age of many thousand years and my asceticism and is thus afflicting me8 ,while ,brahm1 the lord of the universe1 designates me as long-lived1 it is not proper for any amongst the gods to address me thus4 ,by my ascetic power my head has become immortal4 ,what man1 desirous of giving up his ghost1 has mentioned my name and felt the desire of of seeing death8 7#cg-ci7 ,vaishampyana said3--,when the great ,muni ,mrkandeya thus expressed himself in anger the ,lord again addressed him who was filled with rage 7#dj74 ,the ,lord said3--,o my son1 ,i am your father and preceptor ,hrishikesha1 the ancient ,purusha who granted you a long lease of life4 ,why do you not approach me 7#da78 ,formerly your father ,hiranyagarbha1 practising hard penances1 adored me for having a son4 ,having created you a great ,rishi of a dreadful head1 of unlimited life and effulgent like fire ,i1 out of my will1 conferred you on him4 ,save my own kinsman no one can see me when ,i engage in ,yoga and sport in the all-extending ocean 7#db-dd74 ,vaishampyana said3--,thereupon hearing of his name and family the long-lived and great ascetic ,mrkandeya1 adored of the world1 with a delighted heart and having his eyes expanded with surprise1 placed his folded hands on his head1 saluted the ,lord with a hanging head and said 7#de-df74 ,mrkandeya said3--,o sinless one1 ,i want to know truly that thy illusory power by which thou hast assumed the form of a boy and art lying in the one ocean4 ,o lord1 what is this form8 and by what name art thou known in the world8 ,there is not a single element here4 ,methinks thou art the great element 7#dg-dh74 ,the ,lord said3--,i am ,nryana1 ,brahm and the cause of the birth of all creatures4 ,i create and destroy all elements4 ,i am ,indra1 the year amongst the seasons1 the cycle of cycles1 the revolution of cycles4 ,i am the entire host of creatures and gods4 ,i am ,shesha amongst the serpents1 and ,garuda amongst the birds1 ,i have a thousand heads and a thousand feet4 ,i am ,aditya1 the sacrificial ,purusha1 the sacrifice1 the fire that carries oblations1 the ocean and am known as the eternal4 ,i am that ,brhmana ,yati amongst the twice-born who have purified their souls by practising austerities in the world1 who have controlled my intellectual faculties by practicing it for many births4 ,i have pure wisdom1 am the soul of the universe1 and the foremost of ,yogins4 ,i am the destroyer of all elements and the end of the universe4 ,i am ,karma and energy and the propounder of religion for creatures4 ,i have no ,karma of my own4 ,i am the soul of the creatures and eternal4 ,i am ,prakriti1 ,purusha1 the ,prime ,deity1 eternal and undecaying4 ,i am the duty and penance of the followers of all the orders4 ,i am ,hayasira and the presiding ,deity of the ocean of milk4 ,i am honesty1 truth1 great1 one and ,prajpati4 ,i am known as the ,sankya1 ,yoga1 the great station1 worthy of being adored with sacrifices and the lord of learning4 ,i am luminary1 air1 earth1 sky1 water1 ocean1 stars and the ten quarters4 ,i am the year1 ,soma1 ,indra1 the sun1 the ocean of milk1 the other oceans1 the forest fire1 and the ,samvartaka fire4 ,i drink the watery ,havi4 ,i am ancient1 great1 the future and am known as the origin of all4 ,every thing that you see1 hear and perceive in this world is identical with me4 ,o ,mrkandeya1 ,i had created this universe before4 ,see1 ,i am creating it to-day and will do so in every cycle4 ,understanding all this1 and being eager to acquire my virtue and spiritual powers do you range happily in the cavity of my belly4 ,along with ,brahm and ,rishis the celestials are living on my body4 ,know me therefore as manifest and unmanifest1 as identical with ,yoga and unconquered4 ,i am the great mystic ,mantra of three words ,om and the sacred verse ,gyatri which is known as conferring three objects of life 7#di-ff74 ,vaishampyana said3--,the great ,muni ,vyasa has described in the ,vedas and ,purnas that the ,lord1 assuming the universal form1 made the ,rishi ,mrkandeya enter into his belly through his mouth4 ,in order to see personally the great unmanifest ,atman and enjoy supreme bliss that foremost of ,munis1 ,mrkandeya1 entered into the cavity of the belly and began to enjoy rest there4 ,assuming various forms and ranging in the great ocean shorn of the sun and moon the eternal ,lord1 the ,great ,atman gradually creates the world and destroys it at the time of dissolution 7#fg-fi74 ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,,the ,,creation ,,of ,a ,,lotus ,,after ,,dissolution4 ,vaishampyana said3--,having taken his birth as the ,brhmana saint ,apava ,vashistha and covered his own vessel body the ,lord began to practise penances 7#a74 ,afterwards the great ,vasishtha1 the soul of the universe and of unlimited powers1 thought of creating the five great elements and other creatures4 ,when the universe was divested of the sky1 became subtle and submerged in water ,vasisth1 having his intellectual faculties increased by the practice of penances1 spent a long time4 ,living in water and agitating the great ocean he rose up as the subtle ether with the second wave4 ,he then appeared in the ether as sound produced by the air and the great ,vasistha began to grow up as the air4 ,when the ocean was agitated by the increasing and powerful wind the waves struck one another4 ,when the water of the ocean was agitated the powerful ,lord appeared as the fire of dark ways4 ,the fire dried up the water of the great ocean2 from it arose the sky like a hole4 ,from his own energy was produced nectar-like pure water1 from it the ether1 from it air and from the crushing of waves was produced earth4 ,seeing it the ,lord1 the origin of the great elements1 was highly pleased4 ,beholding the elements the ,lord of many forms1 cognizant of the necessity and order of the creation of the universe1 began to think of objects for ,brahm4 ,thus at the end of a ,yuga and many ,yugas ,brahm took his birth4 ,he1 who is endued with knowledge1 the foremost of the ,yogins1 who sees the ,soul of the universe1 who is a ,brhmana of controlled senses amongst the twice-born of the world1 is ,brahm4 ,the ,lord ,brahma1 conversant with ,yoga1 engages ,brahm1 endowed with perfect spiritual powers and worshipped of all1 in creating the ,vedas and the objects of the universe4 ,thereupon1 for the purpose of creating creatures the ,eternal ,hari lay in the great ocean1 and sporting in diverse ways1 attained to great delight4 ,he then created from his navel a golden lotus with a thousand petals1 effulgent like the sun4 ,originating from the person of the great ,achyuta there shone in beauty that lotus1 effulgent like the burning flames of fire1 fragrant and lustrous like the clear autumnal sun 7#b-ag74 ,,chapter ,,xii4 ,a ,,description ,,of ,,the ,,earth4 ,vaishampyana said3--,the ,eternal ,hari then placed ,brahm on that golden lotus endued with all effulgence1 qualities and marks of the earth1 and extending over many a ,yojana4 ,he was the foremost of ,yogins1 the mind of all creatures and their creator and had his face directed towards all4 ,the great saints1 well-read in the ,puranas1 describe this lotus1 as originating from ,nrayana's person and supporting the earth 7#a-c74 ,the goddess who was the seat of that lotus is earth and the firm roots that grow inside it are the celestial mountains4 ,himavan1 ,meru1 ,neela1 ,nishadha1 ,kailsha1 ,krouncha1 ,gandhamadana1 the sacred ,trishira1 the charming ,mandara1 ,udaya1 ,kandara1 ,vindhya1 and ,asta1 these are the mountains granting all objects of desires1 and containing the hermitages of the gods1 ,siddhas and pious anchorites4 ,the country interspersed by these mountains is called the insular continent ,jamvu and here sacrificers celebrate their sacrifices4 ,the streams1 containing nectarine water1 that come out of the sacrifices1 are the goddess ,sarit 7river7 having and hundreds of sacred shrines4 ,the numberless filaments around the lotus are known on earth as the mountains of minerals 7#d-aj74 ,o king1 the upper petals of that lotus constitute the impassable and the mountainous tract of the ,mlechchas4 ,the lower petals constitute the nether region1 the abode of the great ,daityas and ,uragas2 the region underneath it is called ,udaka or the mine of great miseries4 ,persons committing heinous crimes are drowned there 7#aa-ac74 ,the vast sheet of water that lies at the extremity of this lotus is the ocean 7with land7 on all sides 7#ad74 ,because this great lotus originated in the mirror of ,naryana's heart it is called ,pushkara4 ,for this1 the great sacrificing ancient ,rishis1 who are acquainted with the origin of this lotus1 construct an altar of the shape of a lotus in the sacrificial ground4 ,in this way the ,lord created ,brahm in the lotus the creator of mountains1 rivers1 gods1 and other objects of the universe4 ,while ,brahm was created the ,great ,self-sprung ,lord1 of unlimited prowess1 lying on the bed of the huge ocean created the eternal lotus identical with the universe 7#ae-ah74 ,,chapter ,,xiii4 ,,the ,,world ,,of ,,creation ,,begins3 ,,the ,,birth ,,of ,,madhu ,,and ,,kaitabha4 ,vaishampyana said3--,after the revolution of a thousand ,yugas and the commencement of ,satya-,yuga the quality of ,tamas 7disorganizing tendency7 prevails4 ,at this time the great ,asura ,madhu1 the impediment of creation1 took his birth4 ,some time after1 by the quality of ,rajas for helping ,madhu the second ,asura ,kaitabha was produced4 ,these two great ,asuras1 ,madhu and ,kaitabha1 capable of assuming various forms and pervaded severally by the qualities of ,rajas and ,tamas1 began to agitate the water of the one ocean4 ,they were clad in dark-blue and crimson-coloured raiments1 had burning white teeth1 were elated with pride and adorned with shining ,keyuras and bracelets4 ,they had hideous coppery eyes1 spacious breast1 long arms and huge heads4 ,covered with coats of mail those two ,asuras appeared like two immobile mountains4 ,the colour of their body was like that of blue clouds1 their countenance was effulgent like the sun and the lustre of their arms imitated that of coppery clouds charged with lightning4 ,and they looked exceedingly dreadful1 as if with the movement of their hairs and feet the ocean over-flowed and ,hari1 the slayer of his enemies1 who was lying there1 trembled4 ,while they sported on that lotus1 the mouth of the universe1 they saw the eternal ,brahm endued with a shining body1 the foremost of ,yogins4 ,thereupon beholding ,brahm1 create1 at the command of ,nryana1 on that lotus1 the entire host of creatures1 gods1 the universe and his mind-born sons the ,rishis those two best of ,asuras ,madhu and ,kaitabha1 who had their blood-red eyes burning in anger1 said to him1 being desirous of fighting4 ,who art thou wearing a black crown and having four faces8 ,living on this lotus and shorn of anxiety1 thou art1 out of foolishness1 disregarding us4 ,come and fight with us4 ,we are great heroes4 ,thou shalt not be able to stand before us in battle4 ,who art thou8 ,whence art thou produced8 ,who hath sent thee hither8 ,who is thy creator and protector8 ,and by what name men call thee 7#a-ab78 ,brahma said3--,i have sprung from ,him who is unknowable in this world and am practicing ,yoga4 ,do you not know this8 7#ac7 ,madhu ,and ,kaitabha said3--,o great ,muni1 there is no one else superior to us in this world4 ,we have covered this universe with the qualities of ,rajas and ,tamas4 ,we are also possessed by these two qualities and appear before the ascetics as if suffering from misery and before the pious deceiptful4 ,know us as above the reach of creatures4 ,we are born in every ,yuga and stupify the world4 ,wealth1 objects of desire1 sacrifices and all sorts of gifts are under our control4 ,whatever people desire for happiness1 joy1 prosperity1 advancement and morality they obtain from us 7#ad-ag74 ,brahma said3--,knowing truly by my mental concentration ,him who is the foremost of ,yogins1 ,i am living in the quality of ,sattwa which ,i had known before4 ,engaged in fighting the ,lord ,himself1 who is the eternal ,satwa quality of the ,yogins1 who is the creator of the qualities of ,rajas and ,tamas1 who is the cause of the origin of creatures and from whom all creatures1 pervaded by the quality of ,sattwa and all other inferior qualities have originated1 will vanquish you 7#ah-bj74 ,vaishampyana said3--,thereupon bowing unto the lotus-navelled ,hrishikesha who was lying on a bed extending over many ,yojanas ,madhu and ,kaitabha said3--7#ba7 ,o ,purusottama1 we have been able to know that thou art the only cause of the origin of this universe2 know that our this conduct was meant for worshipping thee 7#bb74 ,o lord1 we too also wish to see thee as the ,eternal ,real ,isvara1 of sure sight as the learned have known thee4 ,o slayer of thy enemies1 we wish to receive a boon from thee4 ,o ,lord1 of sure success is thine view4 ,salutation unto thee 7#bc-bd74 ,the ,lord said3--,o foremost of ,asuras1 tell me speedily what boon do you pray for4 ,do you wish to live longer than the period ,i have alloted to you8 ,o highly powerful ,madhu and ,kaitabha1 you have obtained what you have tried for4 ,both of you are high-souled1 powerful and observant of the duties of the ,kshatriyas4 ,i therefore confer upon you this boon that you will be slain only by me 7#be-bf74 ,madhu ,and ,kaitabha said3--,o king of the celestials1 may we be slain at a place where no one had met with his death4 ,and may we 7afterwards7 become thy sons4 ,this is the boon we pray for 7#bg74 ,the ,lord said3--,in the future cycle you will be born as my sons4 ,i speak you the truth and you need not doubt it 7#bh74 ,vaishampyana said3--,having conferred this boon upon those two foremost of ,asuras ,madhu and ,kaitabha who were capable of protecting the world by their qualities of ,rajas and ,tamas the ,eternal ,lord1 the upholder of the universe1 placed them on his thighs and killed them 7#bi74 ,,chapter ,,xiv4 ,,brahma',s ,,creation4 ,vaishampyana said3--,seated on that lotus the long-armed ,brahm1 the foremost of those conversant with ,brahman1 practised hard austerities1 raising his hand up4 ,burning in his own effulgence that powerful ,yogin ,brahm shone there like the sun of a thousand rays4 ,afterwards having divided his own body into two1 and assumed the forms of the highly powerful illustrious preceptor of ,yoga and of the intelligent ,kapila1 the foremost of ,brahmavadins1 the propounder of the ,sankhya philosophy the ,eternal and undecaying ,lord ,nrayana approached ,brahm4 ,having come near ,brahm of immeasurable energy the great and highly powerful ,yogchharya1 worshipped of the great saints1 the foremost of ,brahmavadins1 conversant with the knowledge of great essence and engaged in ,kshatriyas-like works and ,kapila1 the propounder of ,sankhya1 said to him3--,o ,brahman1 thou art the master of all creatures1 the soul of the universe1 of firm senses on account of the multiplicity of creatures1 the support of the universe1 the preceptor of the world and art 7therefore7 worshipful unto all 7#a-g74 ,hearing their words and reciting the three verses1 as heard in the ,srutis1 relating to the knowledge of ,brahman ,brahm created the three worlds4 ,residing in ,bhurloka1 of the three worlds the ,lord ,brahm created his eternal mind-begotten son1 ,as soon as he was born the mind begotten son stood before ,brahm and said to him3--,o ,lord1 how can ,i help thee8 ,do thou command me4 ,brahm said3--,o you of great mind1 do what this ,brhmana ,kapila and the boon-giving ,nrayana tell you 7#h-aa74 ,vaishampyana said3--,after ,brahm had said this his mind-begotten son again said3--,who is there superior to my father8 ,stricken with this doubt1 he again1 with folded hands1 said3--,i am ready to serve you1 order me1 what ,i am to do and ,i will carry it out4 ,the great teachers of ,yoga and ,sankhya said3--,do thou recollect the eighteen forms of the undecaying ,brahm and the ,eternal ,great ,brahman4 ,hearing those words the mind-begotton son went away to the north and acquired the knowledge of ,brahman through ,jnna 7#ab-ad47 ,thereupon having created the second ,bhuvarloka the high-minded ,lord ,brahm created again his mind-begotten son4 ,according to ,brahm's order the mind-begotten son appeared before the grand-fathers1 the preceptors of ,yoga and ,snkhya and said3--,do you command me what ,i am to do4 ,afterwards going again with those two preceptors to the region of ,bhogavati he1 waiting by their side1 attained to a great region 7#ae-ag74 ,after the departure of that mind-begotten son the ,lord ,brahm created the third ,bhurbhuvaloka capable of acquiring emancipation and brought into being his third mind-begotten son4 ,afterwards commanded by ,brahm that mind-begotten son appeared before them and acquainted himself with their religion and movements4 ,these three persons are said to have been the sons of the high-souled ,shamvu 7#ah-ai74 ,having taken with him these three sons the ,lord ,nryana and ,kapila1 the lord of ascetics1 went to his own region 7#bj74 ,after their departure ,brahm1 ever observant of vows1 began again to practise hard austerities4 ,continually carrying on penances alone and not desisting from them the ,lord ,brahm created from half of his body a beautiful wife4 ,intercoursing with that wife capable of creating the world and equal to him in ascetic power1 effulgence and self-control ,brahm1 pervaded by the quality of ,tamas1 created the patriarchs1 the oceans1 rivers1 the sacred verse ,gyatri1 the mother of the ,vedas and the four ,vedas4 ,as the instruments of his own work the grand-father1 the creator of the world1 created sons1 the husbands of the universe and the creation from whom all the worlds emanated 7#ba-bf74 ,having first created his two sons1 the great ascetics ,vishwesha and ,dharma1 the support of all the ,asramas and giver of boons he next created the ,munis ,daksha1 ,marichi1 ,atri1 ,pulastya1 ,pulaha1 ,kratu1 ,vasishtha1 ,gotama1 ,bhrigu1 ,angira and others4 ,the descendants of the above mentioned ,rishis created by ,brahm1 are known as the great ,rishis of the ,atharva ,veda4 ,daksha begat ,aditi1 ,diti1 ,danu1 ,kl1 ,atyu1 ,sinhik1 ,muni1 ,prdha1 ,suras1 ,krodha1 ,vinat and ,kadru--these twelve daughters and twenty-seven stars4 ,marichi's son was ,kashyapa who became all powerful through asceticism4 ,daksha consented to confer those twelve maidens on ,kashyapa4 ,o ,janamejaya1 the great ,rishi ,daksha conferred ,rohini and other virtue-bestowing stars on ,soma amongst the ,vasus 7#bg-cc74 ,o foremost of the descendants of ,bharata1 the virtuous ,brahm conferred on ,dharma1 the foremost of gods1 the five most excellent maidens whom he had created before namely1 ,lakshmi1 ,kirti1 ,sadhy1 ,vishw always doing good and ,marutvati4 ,in the end1 the wife1 capable of assuming forms at will1 whom ,brahm created out of his half-body1 took upon herself the form of the cow ,surabhi and appeared before him4 ,o ,bhrata1 for creating the cows ,brahm1 cognizant of the cause of creation and adored of the world1 knew her4 ,by this1 he begat eleven huge-bodied sons1 crimson-hued like the evening cloud1 consuming all with their dreadful effulgence and pious4 ,because they ran crying to the ,grand-father as soon as they were born they passed by the name of ,rudras4 ,nirhiti1 ,sarpa1 ,aja1 ,ekapat ,mrigavyadha1 ,pinki1 ,dahana1 ,iswara1 ,ahivradhana1 the unconquerable ,kapli and the highly powerful ,senni are known as the eleven ,rudras 7#cd-da74 ,surabhi gave birth to bulls1 trees which do not grow by cultivation1 beans1 sands1 lambs1 most excellent ambrosia and medicinal herbs4 ,dharma begat on ,surabhi ,lakshmi and ,kama and ,sadhya on ,sadhy4 ,prabhava1 ,chyavana1 ,ishna1 ,surabhi1 ,aranya 7forest7 ,maruta1 ,vashwvasu1 ,suvala1 ,dhruva1 ,mahisha1 ,taneya1 ,vijnata1 ,manasa1 ,matsara and ,vibhuti are also known as the sons of ,surabhi4 ,sadhy1 worshipped of the world of ,sdhys and following ,vsava begat mountains1 serpents and bulls4 ,dharma begat on ,susham in order1 ,marudeva1 ,dhruva1 ,vishwvasu1 the lord ,soma1 ,parvatta1 ,yogendra1 ,vyu and ,nikriti4 ,it is heard that ,dharma begat ,vishwadevas on ,vishw4 ,the large-armed ,sudharm1 the highly powerful ,shankhap1 ,uktha1 ,vapushmn1 ,vishwvasu1 ,suparva1 the highly illustrious ,vishnu1 ,skumbhu1 the ,rishi's son ,ruru1 highly effulgent like the sun1 are the offspring of ,chakshusa ,manu4 ,vishw gave birth to ,vishwadevas4 ,dharma begat ,maruts on ,marutvati namely ,agni1 ,chaksha1 ,hari1 ,jyoti1 ,svitra1 ,mitra1 ,amrita1 the large-armed ,sankshepa1 ,viraja1 ,shukra1 ,vish wvasu1 ,vibhsasu1 ,ashmanta1 ,chirarashmi1 ,nijudhi1 ,jayona ,adbhuti1 ,charitra1 ,vahupannaga1 ,vrihanta and ,vrihadbhuta the aggrandiser of others 7#db-ef74 ,o king1 ,kashyapa begat on ,aditi1 the tweve most eminent ,aditys living in the celestial region namely ,indra1 ,vishnu1 ,bhaga1 ,tvashth1 ,varuna1 ,angsha1 ,aram1 ,ravi1 ,pish1 ,mitr1 the boon-giving ,manu and ,indra4 ,aditya begat on ,saraswati two superbly beautiful sons namely ,rupa and ,vala4 ,diti and ,danu gave birth to the ,daityas and ,dnavas4 ,the ,dnavas begat on ,surav the reptiles2 and they begat on ,kla the ,klakeya ,asuras and ,rkshasas4 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 ,anayusha produced all the diseases and calamities4 ,sinhik the mother of planets gave birth to the ,gandharvas1 the pious ,prdh to ,apsaras1 ,krodha to all goblins1 ,pishchs1 ,yakshas and ,guhyakas and ,surabhi to all quadrupeds4 ,vinat gave birth to ,aruna and ,garuda and ,kadru to all serpents4 ,o king1 when the high-souled ,brahm appeared on the lotus the ,viswadevas thus multiplied themselves4 ,this old account of the origin of lotus ,i had heard from ,dwaipyana4 ,when he described it from the beginning to the end the great ,rishis spoke highly of it4 ,the great man1 who with attention always reads this account of the origin of the first lotus1 is divested of grief in this world1 and enjoys various pleasures here and eternal bliss in heaven 7#eg-fg74 ,,chapter ,,xv4 ,,janamejava's ,,query4 ,janamejaya said3--,o ,brahman1 ,i have listened to your description of our great and illustrious family4 ,it is endued with many virtues1 consists of various metres1 compound words1 short but sweet words and is capable of conferring the three-fold objects of life 7#a-c74 ,you have described my ancestors1 on account of their dissension with the king ,duryodhana1 did not employ expedients for destroying the power of ,brhmanas1 the prowess of the warriors1 for vanquishing their rivals and killing the descendants of their family4 ,you have described that the descendants of the kings who were killed in that dreadful war obtained their respective kingdoms and that the king of ,kurus had been firmly established for following the behest of the ,divine ,lord4 ,o foremest of the twice-born1 you have described in order the duties of the three castes and the means by which one may attain to the celestial region2 out of your compassion for creatures you have in many ways described the duties of the four castes4 ,you have also described that on the wane of ,karma in which godliness predominates some go downwards through births and some rise up4 ,you also have divided into many parts the fruits of being humble4 ,indeed sweet are the words that you have said relating to the fruits of gifts and ,karma4 ,o reverend sir1 ,i am not capable of reading this great history of ,bharata even within one celestial day4 ,but sir1 ,i am anxious to hear from you in brief an account of ,jnna for communing with ,brahma 7#d-ab74 ,,chapter ,,xvi4 ,,the ,,great ,,brahman ,,described4 ,vaishampyana said3--,o king1 having controlled your five senses listen with whole-minded attention to what ,i say with a pure mind4 ,know him as ,nishkala ,purusha1 whom one cannot obtain through ,karma1 who appears before persons conversant with the knowledge of ,brahman1 who is not attached to actions1 who is related to ,brahma1 who is the unmanifest cause of the universe1 who is eternal1 and is with and without form4 ,egoism1 begotten by ,atman1 proceeds from this ,purusha 7#a-c74 ,he has a celestial form1 is the lord of the objects of senses1 is beyond the reach of thought1 eternal1 the origin of ,yugas1 identical with three forms of time1 and not being born is equal everywhere4 ,persons1 having the knowledge of ,nrayana1 know him as separate from the unmanifest4 ,he comprehends all1 courses everywhere1 has his head everywhere1 sees all1 has his face towards all1 hears all and extends over the space4 ,he is the cause of cause and action1 exists as manifest and unmanifest and is not seen by any body when he moves about 7#d-g74 ,although he is beyond the reach of thought and without any form1 yet he1 assuming a form and manifesting himself1 ranges everywhere as fire in a wood4 ,he is identical with past1 present and future4 ,he is ,parameshthin1 ,prajpati and the lord of the worlds4 ,this name of ,his ,has been truly sung4 ,that unmanifest one becomes manifest through ,brahma ,yoga4 ,ahankra has been begotten by ignorance proceeding from ,nryana 7#h-aj74 ,this ,purusha with the consciousness of self exists as ,brahma4 ,he is the lord of the world mobile and immobile and is called ,brahm4 ,the ,lord1 whose creation is this universe1 who is the origin of all1 said ,i will create all4 ,when ,brahma said this the consciousness of ego was produced from nature and thus the whole world was brought into being4 ,but the true1 ,omni-present ,brahma1 devoid of qualities1 remained as ,brahma4 ,from the five subtle elements1 the attributes of the unmanifest ,brahma1 emanated the ,vedas and their various branches 7#aa-ae74 ,thereupon commanded by ,brahma through whom every thing becomes manifest ,brahm took a form from nature and created water4 ,afterwards amongst creators following the command of ,iswara1 the seventh ,brahm created air as before1 held it and passed by the name of ,dhatri4 ,formerly when this universe1 produced by air1 was submerged under water the ,tarjasa celestials raised it up and now the whole universe is manifest4 ,when ,iswara felt a desire for creating the earth for placing his creation he converted a portion of water into solid substance and the other remained liquid3 and so the people perceived the earth 7#af-ai74 ,on account of the water being converted into a solid substance the ,purusha ,bhu rose up and filling all the quarters with a grave sound said3--,i wish to live above water4 ,on account of the water being turned solid ,i am being afflicted and worn out4 ,therefore hold me up4 ,afterwards ,prithivi1 ,earth1 spread everywhere and upholding all creatures desirous of having some room1 assumed a form and said ,raise me up4 ,hearing those sweet words ,hari assumed the form of a boar and jumped down into the great ocean4 ,having performed the most difficult task of raising up the ,earth from water he so engaged himself in ,samdhi 7mental concentration7 that nobody could see him4 ,he1 who assuming the form of a boar raised up the ,earth1 is the effulgent ,brahma4 ,some know him as ,aksa 7ether74 ,brahm1 the creator of all1 originated from ,him4 ,that ,iswara1 the origin of all1 through his subtle mental ,yoga of ,jnana1 is still upholding the earth in the shape of the serpent and tortoise1 for the well being of the world4 ,riving the interior of the earth and water which produced it the sun1 as if smiling1 stationed himself on high4 ,from the solar region1 full of heat emanated the lunar region full of water4 ,because the moon emanated from the ,eternal knowledge and was gifted with ,his supreme knowledge he was called ,soma 7,sa-,brahma and ,uma1 knowledge of ,brahman7 7#bj-bh74 ,from the end of the lunar region emanated air 7vital breath74 ,he began to nurse the ,vedas explaining the causes of all phenomena 7#bi74 ,through his knowledge of ,yoga and on account of his nature originating from ,brahman he created a celestial and eternal ,purusha 7#cj74 ,his liquid state became water and his solid state earth2 his holes became the sky and the luminous portion became the eye 7#ca74 ,the principle of ,mahat1 emanating from ,brahman as ,purusha and begotten by effulgence1 agitates the body through air1 when united with five elements 7#cb74 ,jiva or the human soul exists eternally as ,jnna in ,buddhi3 only ,isvara knows it 7#cc74 ,the fire or self which exist eternally in the body united with the five elements is the sun 7i4e4 supreme soul7 7#cd74 ,on account of the pristine actions the human soul either advances 7in spiritualism7 or goes down1 either enjoys happiness or suffers misery 7#ce74 ,stupified by the senses and therefore ignorant of 7the true form of7 ,brahman one meets with birth or death on account of his ,karma 7action7 7#cf74 ,as long as a man is not identified with the ,supreme ,brahman so long he passes through repeated births in this world 7#cg74 ,when by virtue of ,yoga he gets mastery over his senses he becomes at one with ,brahman and enjoys true happiness 7#ch74 ,yet separating himself from this world 7of changes7 he becomes identical with ,brahman3 he is not then led to ruin by anger 7and other passions7 nor becomes attached to objects of senses 7#ci74 ,this ominiscient person1 who has acquired the highest spiritual powers1 enters into the essence of elements4 ,he then knows the birth and death4 ,that man1 conversant with the true form of ,brahman1 acquires the knowledge of the means of emancipation and the past and future actions and attains to a most excellent status 7#dj-da74 ,by his manas 7mind7 he conquers all the intellectual faculties and all other desires that agitate the mind as the wind disturbs the ocean 7#db74 ,through the eye of ,jnna 7spiritual knowledge7 the soul of a man1 who conquers all the desires4 contaminating his mind1 is released from all the fetters of the body 7#dc74 ,the ,yogin1 having a subtle body1 can1 through spiritual science1 create or destroy the next world and can create even this world 7#dd74 ,he1 who has his mind1 fixed on the ,supreme ,soul1 can release those who1 on account of their pristine deeds1 have taken birth in a degraded order4 7#de74 ,action leads both to emancipation and enjoyment4 ,but he who has immersed himself in the ,brahman has no action leading to worldly enjoyments 7#df74 ,,chapter ,,xvii4 ,,the ,,creation ,,of ,,rivers4 ,vaishampyana said3--,the mount ,mainaka was fixed in that hole which was created on the face of the earth by the increasing sun 7#a74 ,it was called ,parvata because it filled up the ocean of desire and ,achala because it was fixed3 by nature1 it was however called ,meru 7#b74 ,on the spacious summit of the mount ,sumeru lives that highly prosperous ,purusha1 begotten by effulgence1 and manifest with head1 feet1 etc4 ,he was created by the ,great ,soul through ,nature 7#c74 ,the ,brahma energy1 that is laid inside the head1 assumed the lustrous burning form of ,purusha 7#d74 ,from his mouth emanated as if burning in his effulgence ,brahm with four mouths and with four foremost of the twice-born1 the foremost of those conversant with the knowledge of ,brahman4 ,from him the great elements again came into being 7#e-f74 ,the earth was upraised from water by ,brahm who was stationed in his room 7on ,meru71 therefore though invisible he came within the vision of men 7#g74 ,brahm's region1 the summit of ,meru1 is situated at the junction of heaven and earth4 ,it is a hundred or a thousand ,yojanas in height and its extent is four times as much4 ,no man1 with his celestial wisdom1 can within many thousand years1 measure its height1 for the dimension of the ,meru is only imaginary and cannot be gauged like the extent of a desert or the depth of a lake4 ,like its height and extent its circumference is also limitless4 ,o king1 the extent of the mount ,sumeru bounded with four side hills is a hundred ,yojanas 7#h-aj74 ,and some anchorites1 of accomplished asceticism1 conversant with the knowledge of ,brahman1 attribute innumerable other virtues to this mount 7#aa74 ,with ,maruts1 gods1 ,rudras1 ,vasus1 ,adityas and ,vishwadevas he protects the ,regents of the earth 7#ab74 ,o king1 with the ,divine ,vishnu he protects the earth emanating from the sun 7fire7 and ,varuna 7water7 in his ,brhmana body obtained from ,brahm1 ,vishnu's energy is equal everywhere 7#ac-ad74 ,with various observances the truthful ,brhmanas1 proficient in the study of the ,vedas1 have sung the ,brahman 7#ae74 ,all the three worlds exist in ,brahman and ,brahman pervades all either as being manifest or unmanifest 7#af74 ,the ,brhmanas1 who have mastered the ,vedas consider those actions as conducive to our well-being--the daily obligatory rites sanctioned by the ,vedas1 breathed out by ,isvara and practised by those ,brhmanas who are not deceiptful even in words1 not to speak of works1 through the purification of their mind4 ,although these rites yeild fruits of good works still they constitute but an iota of ,braman4 ,so the ,srutis hold4 ,the truthful ,brhmanas declare that this universe is but a minutest part of ,brahman who is the soul of all4 ,on account of the diversity of their mental faculties the ,brahmanas worship one ,brahman in sacrifices under various names such as ,brahm1 ,indra1 ,mitra1 ,varuna etc4 ,the ,vipras name in various way the one great ,brahman4 ,the form of the universe is gross and that of the mind is subtle4 ,and thinking that these two forms belong to understanding only the ,lord first created the union of male and female 7#ag-bj74 ,having made arrangements for diverse enjoyments the ,divine ,lord ,brahm enjoys them along with the goddess and his followers 7#ba74 ,brahm is the foremost of ,brahmavdins1 who1 although they are desirous of following humble pursuits1 always wend the way leading to emancipation 7#bb74 7,um is spiritual science and ,parameswara is the eternal ,jnna understanding7 his body is the stream of water flowing from heaven4 ,soma is born from this stream2 and by it ,maheshwara is the lord of goblins 7#bc74 ,it is called nadi river because having installed naturally ,maheswara as the king of ghosts it made a great noise 7#bd74 ,supporting herself on the region of ,brahm and passing through the mountains that stood in her way she descended on earth by seven ways3 and for this she is called ,gang 7#be74 ,o king1 in the form of ,godavari ,ganga divided herself into seven before she joined the ocean and coursed on various sacred shrines having divided herself into a thousand parts in the shape of ,jnhavi 7#bf74 ,first gross elements are produced from the great elements and then the actions of the intelligent begin 7#bg74 ,from his four lotus mouths the ,veda was produced which since then became the fountain of spiritual instructions to mankind4 ,the sacred sacrifice was an emanation of his ,jnna1 understanding1 and the four priests were its four legs--and the grand-father ,brahm was the lord 7#bh-bi74 ,the four legs of ,dharma by which the world is upheld are 7the four ,asramas71 first ,brahmacharya--the condition of a student1 and secondly the most sacred condition of a house-holder 7#cj74 ,the third stage is that of a religious recluse in a forest1 and the fourth is that of union with the great ,brahman4 ,these four stages of a religious life are regarded as leading to the attainment of heaven 7#ca74 ,the mental faculties of a man develop through the practice of ,yoga and the true understanding of the ,vedanta4 ,and the eternal ,vedas exist for the practice of ,brahmacharya 7#cb74 ,the ,pitris are gratified with observing the conduct of the house-holders and the ,rishis1 stationed on the summit of the mount ,sumeru1 are gratified with ,yoga 7#cc74 ,,chapter ,,xviii4 ,,the ,,creation ,,of ,,gandharvas ,,etc4 ,vaishampyana said3--,thereupon assuming the form of pure intelligence the ,grand-father conceives the aggregate creation through his mental faculties2 and through his inner soul withdrawn from all external objects he performs actions leading to the attainment of ,brahman4 ,engaged in mental concentration and on account of his unification with ,brahman1 he created offspring in his mind4 ,through his eyes1 the omnipotent ,brahm created the beautiful ,apsaras and from the tip of his nose he created ,tumvuru and hundreds and thousands of other ,gandharvas clad in variegated raiments and expert in reciting the ,vedas1 singing1 dancing1 and playing on musical instruments4 ,through his ,yoga power the omnipotent self-sprung deity created in his mind the immaculate goddess ,veda-,vani1 the very incarnation of his own beauty4 ,she had beautiful eyes1 hairs1 eye-brows and a lovely countenance4 ,the goddess of sweet words sat on a charming lotus of a hundred petals4 ,o king1 having created from his eyes the beautiful ,apsaras1 and from the tip of his nose the sweet-voiced ,gndharvas1 expert in playing on musical instruments ,brahm1 the soul of elements1 propounded the art of singing and produced the ,sman for other ,brahmans 7#a-i74 ,from his two feet were produced the mobile and immobile creation and men1 ,kinnaras1 ,yakshas1 ,rakshasas1 ,pichachas1 ,uragas1 elephants1 lions1 tigers1 thousands of other animals1 grass and quadrupeds4 ,he created from his hands those who take their food with their hands together with their works4 ,through vital airs the creator1 seeking happiness for all creatures1 created various functions of breath4 ,and then fixing his mind on the great ,atman full of felicity on account of the obstruction of five senses he remained there4 ,from his heart he created the kine and through his arms he created the birds2 and then he created acquatic animals in their different forms 7#aj-ad74 ,from the space between the two eye-brows the lord of ,yoga1 the divine ,grand-father through his ,yoga power1 created the celestial saint ,angira1 burning in effulgence1 and endued with true knowledge for the suppression of six senses4 ,and from his forehead he created the highly pious1 celestial saint ,bhrigu4 ,from his head the great ,yogin1 ,brahm created the quarrelsome ,nrada and ,sanat ,kumar 7#e-ag74 ,when the ,grand-father appointed1 the eternal king of the twice-born1 the night-ranging ,soma as the heir apparent the moon1 endued with the power begotton by great penances1 along with the stars1 filled the sky with various creatures and began to range there4 ,having acquired spiritual powers through ,yoga and mental culture the divine ,brahm created the mobile and immobile creatures from his body4 ,brahm created various regions as that of the sun c1 and appointed various agents for carrying on the work of day and night4 ,what has been said before leads to the attainment of ,brahma4 ,therefore the ,brahma ,yoga and ,sankhya ,yoga constitute the proved science of the scientists4 ,this has been also proved by the ,chrvakas4 ,this leads to unification and diversification4 ,this creates birth and death4 ,this creates and destroys time4 ,this is to be known as the discriminative knowledge 7#ah-bc74 ,,chapter ,,xix4 ,,kshatra ,,yuga ,,described4 ,janamejaya said3--,o ,brahman1 ,i have heard of the first ,yuga which is called ,brahma because it leads to the attainment of ,brahman4 ,o ,lord1 ,i wish to hear now some thing about the ,kshatrayuga which abounds in regulations1 brief and explanatory1 which is sung by the ,rishis conversant with expedients and which is beautified with sacrifices 7#a-b74 ,vaishampyana said3--,i will sing the greatness of this ,kshtrayuga1 which is adored with diverse charities and sacrifices and beautified with many creatures 7#c74 ,in this ,kalpa the ,lord1 who knows himself as the four-armed ,vishnu1 seeing differences and incarnating himself as ,daksha begotten by ,brahm1 procreated many offspring4 ,on account of his being shorn of attachments for the senses and the body he flourished amongst the ,brhmanas as having his soul immersed in communion and endued with the knowledge of inner self4 ,all these ,brhmanas1 who were of the size of a thumb1 were capable of passing through the solar region and ranging over all other lokas by virtue of the regulations leading to emancipation and other religious rites4 ,they were always busy with sacrifices and with controlling the senses and mental faculties4 ,in order to gain the pleasure of ,iswara they engaged themselves in ,vedic rites4 ,they were masters of the three ,vedas4 ,they led the life of celibacy and were enlightened with the knowledge of ,brahman4 ,these ,brhmanas1 of good conduct and consummate understanding1 met with death after thousands of years 7#c-c74 ,the ,brhmanas are pervaded by the quality of ,sattwa1 the ,kshatriyas by that of ,rajas1 the ,vaishyas by that of ,raja-,tamas and the ,sudras by ,tamas 7#i74 ,the colour of ,brhmanas is white1 that of the ,kshatriyas is red1 that of the ,vaishyas is yellow and that of the ,sudras is smoky-dark4 ,thus they have been divided by the thoughtful ,vishnu 7#aj74 ,o king1 thus according to qualities and colour1 men are divided1 in this world1 into ,brhmanas1 ,kshatriyas1 ,vaishyas and ,sudras4 ,observing highly wonderful and different sorts of duties1 men of the same size1 although apprized of the means of the works1 are divided into four ,varnas for partaking of the fruits thereof 7#aa-ab74 ,the first three castes are entitled to perform the rites laid down in the ,vedas4 ,therefore1 ,o king1 on account of your faith in ,vishnu1 you are entitled to read the ,vedas4 ,and therefore the birth of the three ,varnas1 namely1 the ,brhmanas1 the ,kshatriyas and the ,vaishyas is owing to ,lord's grace4 ,encompassed with works affording enlightenment regarding the true form of ,vishnu1 the ,lord ,prchetas ,daksha1 through his ,yoga power and wisdom1 undertook the work of creation4 ,thereupon1 for the advancement of arts and serving the three other ,varnas the ,sudras were produced4 ,they are not entitled to perform the ceremony of initiation and read the ,vedas4 ,as before fire is produced from a piece of rod by concussion smoke rises1 but it does not serve the practical purpose1 so the ,sudras1 taking birth in this world1 have multiplied themselves1 but they1 not being initiated1 cannot perform the various ,vedic rites 7#ac-ag74 ,thereupon ,daksha begat his other sons who were the supporters of the ,vedas1 strong1 endued with great energy1 power and effulgence4 ,daksha said to them3--,o ye powerful sons1 from your mouths ,i wish to know the strength of your mother1 the earth4 ,i am powerful and therefore cannot find out the end of the earth2 you should be like me4 ,afterwards ascertaining the truth ,i will distribute energy and strength amongst creatures4 ,on account of the vastness of the soil my creatures will multiply themselves4 ,the goddess1 earth1 the essence of the great creative energy of the ,lord1 did not show herself unto ,daksha's sons who were desirous of seeing her4 ,when in the ,krita age the pure souls1 of the sons of ,prajpati pervaded by the quality of ,sattwa1 are purified with seeing the ,prakriti1 ,nature1 the mother of all creatures1 without being urged on by ,purusha1 creates all engendered by sweat and eggs and decreases and increases all creatures who1 by nature1 partake of the fruits of works 7#ah-bc74 ,,chapter ,,xx4 ,,the ,,fruits ,,of ,,yoga4 ,janamejaya said3--,o foremost of the twice-born1 ,i wish to learn that of the ,treta yuga which ,i may know correctly the eternal ,brahman who is the subject of all sorts of learning 7#a74 ,vaishampyana said3--,being dispirited the foremost of ,purushas ,daksha1 through his ,yoga power1 assumed the form of a woman on the summit of the mount ,meru4 ,he became a highly charming damsel with well-formed thighs1 breast1 eye-brows1 a lotus-like countenance and dark eyes4 ,with his half body ,prchetas ,daksha begat on that damsel maidens by the name of ,padmas4 ,thereupon on renouncing the female form through his male form ,daksha again assumed the form of a most handsome man4 ,according to the rites of ,brhma marriage sanctioned by the ,smritis ,prchetas gave away those maidens4 ,of them he conferred ten on ,dharma1 thirteen on ,kashyapa and twenty seven maidens on ,soma4 ,o king1 after giving away those daughters in marriage ,dahsha repaired to the sacred shrine of ,prayga where ,brahm lived4 ,and there concentrating his mental and intellectual faculties and practising penances with the deer he travelled over the world4 ,sustaining himself with grass1 roots and fruits he continually practised rigid austerities4 ,the deer found delight in seeing his harmless spirit and the ,brhmanas1 who had been initiated1 who used to perform religious works and whose sins had been dissipated through ascetic observances1 were delighted with seeing the fruits of his austerities 7#b-aj74 ,at the time of conflict between ,yoga and intellectual faculties1 the man1 who is incapable of standing physical sufferings1 who has controlled his mind and who knows the time1 sees the ,karma and the spiritual power acquired through ,yajna on account of his omniscience4 ,and living with their wives in the company of the deer the anchorites1 living on vegetable food and shorn of anxiety1 attain to decrepitude4 ,the ,brhmanas1 who have studied the ,vedas1 see the great ,brahman in the human body and therefore they call it ,brahmakshetra or the soil of ,brahma 7#aa-ac74 ,the yatis1 divorced from works1 who have controlled their anger and passions and who range on earth desirous of wending the eternal way1 say this4 ,at the time of ,samdhi or mental concentration the entire creation is immersed in ,brahman4 ,and they again appear in the world on account of their pristine works4 ,although all creatures are immersed in ,brahman at the time of ,samdhi they again appear on earth on account of their pristine actions4 ,although unmanifest at the time of ,samdhi1 all creatures become manifest through the tendencies of nature4 ,it is therefore difficult to overcome her4 ,on account of the characteristics of the time the creatures become manifest and unmanifest 7#ad-af74 ,every object of creation1 mobile or immobile1 gross or subtle1 can acquire ,yoga under the influence of time4 ,while this ,yoga is possible for inanimate objects even every man should strive to acquire the knowledge of union with ,god4 ,in the course of time the eternal ,kashyapa begat all created beings on ,daksha's daughters4 ,o king1 the ,adityas1 the ,vasus1 the ,rudras1 ,viswadevas1 ,maruts1 the many-headed serpents1 ,sadhyas1 ,pannagas1 ,gandharvas1 ,kinnaras1 ,yakshas1 the vultures1 ,garuda with his wings1 the ,suvasan ,kinnaras1 cows and other quadrupeds1 men1 the entire earth1 mobile and immobile1 the mountains1 elephants1 lions1 tigers1 horses1 tusked animals1 boars1 wolves1 deer1 elephants with four white tusks1 and creatures1 capable of assuming forms at will1 were created4 ,in this ,bhratavarsha the land of eternal religion1 ,munis again took birth1 with same form1 beauty1 character and power as they possessed in the previous ,kalpa4 ,pious men1 who had mastered the ,vedas and acquired the knowledge of ,atman1 created both the external and internal world through their mental faculties4 ,in the region of ,swarga situate there all the celestials were settled 7#ag-be74 ,besides all the householders1 who acquire spiritual power through ascetic observances1 those who acquire it through leading the life of celibacy1 those who do it through serving their preceptors1 and those who acquire ,yoga through ,siddhi1 will not be constrained to undertake painful works4 ,those1 who controlling their minds and with forgiveness and firmness practise religious rites along with their wives1 range in the celestial region 7#bf-bh74 ,,chapter ,,xxi4 ,,the ,,process ,,of ,,pranayama4 ,vaishampyana said3--,persons1 who have controlled their senses and anger1 wearing matted locks and deer-skin1 concentrate their mind on the junction-place between nose and eye-brows for knowing the pure ,brahman 7#a74 ,this spot on the fore-head is the essence of bones and is not destroyed even after the destruction of the body4 ,it is encircled by the vital breath ,prna4 ,the vital breath goes here through tubes producing wind1 cough and phlegm4 ,this is the place where ,brahman can be perceived and is freed from all thorns of miseries4 ,here the three tubes and five vital breaths have been united4 ,so fixing their mind on this place the ,yogins strive to realize the presence of the great ,brahman4 ,the ,brhmanas1 who recite the seed of mantras ,om and celebrate sacrifices and who are immersed in their soul full of felicity1 only keep one fire of vital breath and divide it into five4 ,the ,munis1 well read in the ,vedas1 divert this fire into three channels namely 7,puraka1 ,kumbhaka and ,rechaka74 ,so dividing this one into three and practising ,puraka and other processes they acquire the true knowledge of ,atman 7#b-e74 ,one great fire spreads itself through oblations4 ,in the shape of ,swadh it produces the successful fruits of ,mantras 7#f74 ,then was born of himself the ,divine ,daksha1 ever successful and honouring creatures1 ,brahm1 the creator of ,brhmanas and the grand-father of all 7#g74 ,he is ,dandi1 ,charmi1 ,shari1 ,khargi1 ,shikhi1 and has a face like a lotus4 ,he was by nature shorn of sorrow and had controlled anger and other passions 7#h74 ,united with ,medh ,brahm is adored in ,pushkara and the ,saman verses sung by ,indra are recited by the ,brahmavadins 7#i74 ,clarified butter1 milk1 barley1 etc41 are dedicated to the external sacrifices1 but in the spiritual sacrifice all the productions of the mind are sacrificed at the altar of the great soul through mental concentration 7#aj74 ,having churned the fuel 7of selfishness7 consumed with the fire 7of the disappearance of deity7 and collected from the ,shami tree 7bodily pleasure7 one1 conversant with ,brahman1 brings the ,great ,soul there 7#aa74 ,in an inferior sacrifice insignificant articles are thrown into fire--and according to their changes heaven or inferior place is distributed to persons2 but such is not the case in a mental sacrifice 7#ab74 ,in the inferior ,yajna the fruits are attributed to the fire1 but in the ,atm-yajna the ,brahmavadins attribute it to spiritual exercises 7#ac74 ,vrihaspati acquired the four ,vedas in six months when the ,brahma ,yajna was undertaken at the cost of the ,brahma wealth 7#ad74 ,he instructed the pupils of his own school in this ,veda1 of the form of ,saraswati endued with letters highly charming and set to music 7#ae74 ,that sacrifice1 described by the word ,brahmana1 as mentioned by ,brahm appears like the second ,brahm region 7#af74 ,the sacrifice1 brought out from ,brahm's mouth by the word ,veda1 shorn of any doubt regarding its proof1 prospers as if speaking through various articles dedicated for his celebration 7#ag74 7,ordinary7 sacrifices are performed with fuel1 moon-plants1 ladles and other sacrificial vessels1 beggars and other persons who pray for money1 barley and other articles and vessels full of water 7#ah74 ,the sacrifices are performed with dedicating riches and gold to the great ,brahman1 and with cows and calves 7to the ,brhmanas7 7#ai74 ,the recitation of ,saman verses1 accompanied with the chanting of the ,vedas1 and continued with the limb of ,karma full of the knowledge of ,brahman1 is united with the science of worship 7#bj74 ,brahm1 in the shape of ,yajna formed by the fuels imagined in the mind1 along with ,maruts1 offers oblations of fire to those objects which are separately sprung from ,brahman and exist by nature in ,atman 7#ba74 ,according to the rites laid down in the ,vedas ,brahm1 the ,lord of all creatures1 does not celebrate sacrifices in honor of and touch ,brahman in the shape of pure intelligence 7#bb74 ,having churned the fiery wood produced from ,shami tree the omnipotent ,brahm propitiates first the gods with ,agnisthoma sacrifice 7#bc74 ,at the time of the celebration of the sacrifice the meeting is adorned with courtiers and the ,chamasa and ,adhyarju priests recite sweet verses while the performance goes on 7#bd74 ,o king1 with ascetics1 effulgent like the sun and moon1 who have mastered the ,vedas and their auxilliaries that great sacrifice was adorned 7#be74 ,with the loud recitation of the ,vedas that sacrifice appeared like the second ,brahma region4 ,the gods came down on earth4 ,that great sacrifice was honored in heaven and earth by the god-like1 humble and ascetic ,brhmanas who were conversant with ,vedas and their limbs and with the knowledge of ,brahman 7#bf-bg74 ,that great sacrifice1 undertaken by the ,brhmanas1 burning like the three fires lighted up in the sacrificial ground shone like the ,brahma region4 ,in that great sacrifice the ,brahmavadins recited the ,sman verses sung by ,indra and the ,yajur verses sanctioned by the ,sastras4 ,as soon as they were thought of in mind the truthful1 self-controlled and ascetic ,munis1 devoted to ,brahman1 came there 7#bh-cj74 ,having assumed different forms the ancient ,brahma-begotten ,vrihaspati1 the most worshipful amongst the great theologians1 acted in that sacrifice as ,hot and ,brahm 7#ca74 ,after the termination of the sacrifice the sacrificer dedicated the fruits of action to ,vishnu and took his birth from ,aditi whose last conception was brought about through ascetic energy 7#cb74 ,being divested of birth1 ignorance and its action he1 conversant with the knowledge of ,brahman1 attained to ,vishnu's feet divorced from happiness and misery and from which ,indra and many other gods have emanated and which can be obtained by undecaying spiritual exercises4 ,the ,munis1 who are freed from senses and their objects which are the causes of bondage1 are identical with ,him 7#cc-cd74 ,the various objects of senses are produced by passions1 which1 on account of the pristine actions1 completely overpower the mind4 ,so with great care one should subdue these passions 7#ce74 ,the ,munis1 although they enjoy various objects of sense1 are not brought by them under their control4 ,self-control is regarded as the greatest characteristic of the learned 7#cf74 ,the mind1 of ,brahmavadins who have acquired the true spiritual knowledge through instructions delivered by the word ,om1 is not possessed by learning 7#cg74 ,the ,brhmanas who always recite the ,vedas consider that loka as the best where the pious and the celestials live 7#ch74 ,o ,bhrata king1 that is the best loka where the gods1 nourished with sacrificial offerings1 do not meet with extinction and attaining which through his ,karma the sacrificer lives happily with his wife shorn of anxiety 7#ci74 ,the persons1 who see differences 7of caste1 position71 cannot use this body firm as rock for the purposes of emancipation 7#dj-da74 ,o king1 the ,brhmanas who are busy with ,karma are driven away from heaven after they had enjoyed the fruits of their actions1 and live on earth having their faces discoloured and their minds possessed by illusion 7#db74 ,the sweet speeched1 wise precepter of a calm form1 the foremost of those who remove sins1 addressed the following instructions of ,vedanta to those twice-born ones3--,you consider this body and senses as self and therefore fight with one another4 ,save emancipation1 you will not be able to cut with force this rock of attachment for the body even within hundred celestial years4 ,when through mental concentration you will perceive that you are all the one ,atman 7self71 you will ungrudgingly make friends with all creatures and simultaneously destroy your false notion that this body is the self 7#dc-de74 ,the two passions anger and jealousy increase the energy of conquering nature2 and the energy1 divorced from anger and envy1 increases devotion unto ,brahman 7#df74 ,while by my pure understanding ,i will abstain from enjoyments1 both here and in the next world1 while fire1 water and food which build up this body huge like a mountain of crystal and their actions words1 vital air1 and mind will be destroyed1 while the holes of wife and others1 the mental faculties1 the ,sastras and the passions will be shattered1 ,i will then order you to cut this mountain of bodily attachment4 ,you will also then be able to cut it4 ,hearing those sweet words of their preceptor the ,brhmanas observed silence 7#dg-di74 ,this chapter is purely allegorical4 ,it deals with a process of ,yoga called ,pranayama i4e4 the suppression of vital breath4 ,the word in the text is ,pitamaha which literally means ,grand-father4 ,allegorically it means the father of the father of action i4e4 father of the cause of action which is ,pure ,brahman4 ,in this way every word has an allegorical meaning4 ,as the whole chapter is allegorical we think it better to translate freely this and the subsequent chapters placing before our readers only the allegorical interpretation as some commentators have done4 ,we need not say that a literal rendering will not make out the meaning intelligible4 ,this whole ,parva seems to be an interpolation as it bears no connection with the original plot of the book4 ,it merely deals with ,yoga and cosmogony4 ,he1 who practises the process of ,pranayama namely the suppression of vital breath1 should1 according to the going down and coming up of the vital breath1 draw the air to ,brahmarandhra forehead2 and then drawing it back from there he should place it between the eye brows2 and then drawing it through eyes1 he should place it on the root of the nose4 ,from there he should draw it to the root of the tongue4 ,from there he should transfer it to the heart1 thence to the organ of procreation1 thence to the body1 thence to the organ of excretion1 thence to the root of the thighs1 thence to the middle of the thighs1 thence to the knee-joints1 thence to the root of the arms1 thence to ,jangha1 7half thighs71 thence to the ankle1 thence to ,angustha and thence to the feet4 ,thus he1 who draws the fire of ,prana 7vital air7 from one place to another1 is freed from all sins1 has his soul purified1 and lives so long as the moon and stars exist4 ,to hold the vital breath in one's own body is ,swadha4 ,through this physical process of ,yoga one can suppress completely his vital breath4 ,one1 who thus practises ,pranayama1 is freed from all disorders of wind1 cough and phlegm4 ,daksha-successful in all works undertaken i4e4 endowed with lordly powers4 ,it is an attribute of ,brahma4 ,bhuta3 always successful4 ,while practising the process of ,puraka1 he filled himself with vital air through the nostril and was at that time as stiff as a rod and therefore he is called ,dandi i4e4 rod-like4 ,while practising the physical process of ,kumbhaka he was filled like a leather-bag with vital air and so he is called ,charmi4 ,and while practising ,rechaka he became as thin as a reed and therefore he is called ,shari4 ,he was sharp as a sword for cutting the tree of worldliness4 ,he was pleased in the shape of ,daksha4 ,in this sloka ,pushakara means own soul and medha the intellectual faculties4 ,indra means the man who has seen his own self4 ,the ,saman verse is ,i am food and food is me4 ,the self-controlled ,rishis1 who are gifted with spiritual insight1 celebrate sacrifices for increasing their powers of mental concentration4 ,although the ,atman always appears in a body still casting off attachments for the body ,he manifests himself as ,iswara4 ,yoga is compared to a sacrifice4 ,in a mental ,yajna i4e4 ,yoga one need not dedicate inferior articles to fire as oblations4 ,though the ,yogin does not observe the practices of the external but inferior sacrifice he however acquires similar fruits4 ,the ,sruti says that if the ,yogins wish to see the region of the dead their ancestral manes appear before them4 ,when a ,yogin attains to a consummate stage he sees unseen and unheard of objects4 ,the ordinary persons1 who celebrate sacrifices1 are not entitled to know the ,great ,atman2 they are allowed to know ,isvara4 ,atman is the ,real ,absolute ,god and ,isvara is the ,god endued with ,maya or creative energy4 ,in the inferior sacrifices there is the difference of fruits proportionate to the excess and absence of reverence but in the ,atma-yajna i4e4 ,yoga there is no such thing for the common object of all is the attainment of salvation4 ,in the ordinary sacrifices of the world people enjoy fruits as they offer various articles4 ,but the ,yogins1 according to their spiritual culture1 attain fruits in the ,brahma region4 ,the ,munis1 who have seen ,brahman in this world1 have acquired many lordly powers4 i4e4 ,a qualified man acquires the consummation of his ,yoga practice within six months4 ,the sacrifice 7ordinary7 which is an outcome of ,pravritti 7tendency for works71 appears like spiritual ,yoga4 ,true emancipation cannot be acquired unless a man sees all persons as identical with himself4 ,,chapter ,,xxii4 ,,kurukshetra ,,and ,,the ,,duty ,,of ,,the ,,brahmanas4 ,vaishampyana said3--,although they listened to the instructions of their preceptor in the shape of a mountain those ,brhmana house-holders1 devoted to asceticism1 could not give up bodily attachment4 ,so the worship of fire with oblations daily increased and the worship of ,vishnu and preceptors was also introduced4 ,thus ,o king1 for the purification of the souls of the ,brhmanas ,karma ,knda was introduced in this world by those ,brahmavdins 7#a-b74 ,near the mount ,vindhya on this earth there is a sacred province by the name of ,kurukshetra which is even1 shorn of thorns and full of woods and twigs by which fire may be lighted4 ,performing ,god's work with pure heart the great ,brhmana householders lived there and practised ascetic penances4 ,even the ,yatis with great eagerness live there for acquiring piety4 ,the ,brhmanas1 who have followed the ,vnaprastha mode of life1 who perform ,agnihotra ceremony1 who have controlled their anger and passions1 who wear bark and deer-skin and who live on unsolicited food1 also wish to live there4 ,o king1 gradually obtaining it by the will of the ,providence1 the ,brhmanas1 with great care observe this mode of life4 ,he1 who knows this sacred initiation which was practised by the ,brahmavadi ,munis of old1 attains to eternal virtue4 ,without thoroughly mastering the ,vedas one should not lead the life of a householder1 should not observe the most difficult ,brahmachrya1 should not live the life of a hermit1 and should not give up the duties of a householder4 ,save by mastering the ,vedas miseries will never end4 ,to the reciters of the ,saman and ,yajur ,vedas the ,riks are their acquirement4 ,the ascetic ,brhmanas1 who wish to live like householders1 can receive instructions of the ,vednta from their preceptors and reap the fruits thereof4 ,a pious king should compell him who does not hear the ,vedas or celebrate the ,vedic rites to act like a ,sudra4 ,on the other hand there is none amongst the ,brhmanas who does not respect the ,vedas4 ,a student or a householder1 every ,brhmana controls his mind when he listens to the enunciation of his duties1 reads the ,vedas and receives the instructions4 ,therefore no king should disregard a ,brhmana4 ,therefore a ,brhmana1 who acquires the knowledge of ,sstras1 who gains the transcendental knowledge1 should thus read the ,vedas and control his senses 7#c-ae74 ,,chapter ,,xxiii4 ,,the ,,beginning ,,of ,,fight ,,between ,,devas ,,and ,,daityas4 ,vaishampyana said3--,the ,rishis and ,gandharvas1 headed by ,nrada1 who were well-read in the ,vedas and who were not visited by sins consequent upon the omission of rites1 worshipped the ,brhmanas with placing the sun and moon before them4 ,and they always worshipped the ,grandfather 7,brahm7 in sacrifices as a son adores his father4 ,eulogised with sweet words by those ,brhmanas who had controlled their five senses1 who always did good by all creatures and wished them well the ,lord ,brahm said3--,by good luck 7you have undertaken those sacrifices7 7#a-d74 ,thereupon the omnipotent ,lord addressed ,kashyapa saying3--,you will1 with your sons1 celebrate sacrifices on earth4 ,the ,yakshas and the ,asuras will all celebrate sacrifices with profuse gifts4 ,thereupon desirous of vanquishishing one another the ,daityas1 elated with the pride of their strength1 and the ,devas began to quarrel1 saying ,we will first celebrate sacrifices1 we will adore1 and were about to fight with one another4 ,the ,rishis1 whose sins had been washed away by ascetic penances and the ,brhmanas who had read the ,vedas and their auxiliaries1 prevented them all4 ,although prevented like unto bulls in ,gokula they began to fight with one another4 ,leaving aside sacrifices they began to fight in right earnest4 ,and when the battle set in they felt a desire for conquering their vital breath and met with death in the presence of all creatures4 ,thereupon controlling their external senses through understanding and non-attachment engendered by true ,jnna the ,asuras and ,suras1 like unto birds with wings1 controlled their own minds4 ,thereupon as a boat sinks down under the pressure of the weight of men so the earth1 the ground of sacrifices1 was agitated with the flames of worldly objects4 ,like unto roaring bulls the ,yoga postures are broken and the tubes are agitated by the vital breaths4 ,afterwards ,madhu1 whose intellectual faculties were agitated and ,vishnu1 identical with the quality of ,sattwa1 fought a dreadful battle which almost overturned the cycle and struck terror unto all creatures4 ,thereupon as the cloud pacifies the forest set on fire so ,vishnu controls all the mental energies4 ,he1 who recites the name of the ,lord1 appears in ,sattwa-guna after controlling his mind 7#a-af74 ,,chapter ,,xxiv4 ,,the ,,fight ,,between ,,madhu ,,and ,,vishnu4 ,vaishampyana said3--,that powerful ,daitya ,madhu of dreadful prowess bound ,mahendra on that mountain with a sharpened noose 7#a74 ,according to the words of ,pralhada and on the wane of true understanding ,madhu1 desirous of possessing the future dignity of ,indra1 bound him all on a sudden with invincible iron nooses2 and issuing out for battle at the head of his army he invited the fierce ,vishnu for fight1 as if urged on by death himself 7#b-d74 ,having divided themselves into divisions ,kashyapa's sons subjected themselves to ,madhu's control4 ,and taking up huge clubs they ran out for battle4 ,the ,gandharvas and ,kinnaras1 expert in the art of singing and dancing1 sang and danced on all sides4 ,with the sweet music of stringed instruments they pleased the fighting ,madhu and made him absent-minded4 ,when the ,dnavas and ,devas came within each other's view ,madhu1 shouting up1 fixed his mind on singing4 ,as fire lives secretly in wood1 so ,vishnu1 with his ,yoga eyes1 drew ,madhu's mind into the objects of senses and disappeared in the mount ,mandara4 ,having their minds pained a little the ,rishis1 of burning intelligence1 placed the ,grandfather before them and disappeared within a moment 7#e-aa74 ,worked up with anger1 ,madhu1 having eyes rolling in intoxication1 struck ,vishnu on the forehead with his hands4 ,but he did not lose a single step for it 7#ab74 ,vishnu too struck with the tip of his finger the ,daitya ,madhu on the breast4 ,thereat vomitting blood he dropped down on earth4 ,awating for the the hour of wrestling ,vishnu1 of inconcievable prowess1 expert in fighting1 did not strike the ,daitya when he fell down4 ,thereupon touching the ground with his knee-joints the ,daitya ,madhu rose up like ,indra's flag-staff4 ,and having his mind filled with anger he1 as if1 consumed all the quarters with his eyes4 ,afterwards roaring with harsh words and desirous of killing one another they engaged in wrestling 7#ac-af74 ,they were both endued with the strength of arms1 expert in fighting1 great ascetics and truthful4 ,those two great heroes began to assail each other4 ,it appeared that two mountains1 with rocky wings1 were fighting with each other4 ,infuriated with fighting they wrestled with one another on the ground4 ,and as two elephants strike each other with their tusks so they struck each other with their nails 7#ag-ai74 ,thereupon as after the termination of the summer season and in the beginning of the rainy season gold1 mixed with other mineral substances1 comes out of the mountains so blood gushed out profusely from the wounds4 ,covered with gushing blood they began to tear the surface of the earth with their feet4 ,striking each other in many ways those two heroes fought as the two birds1 desirous of eating flesh1 fight with each other with their wings4 ,thereupon creatures heard the ,siddhas sing the glories of ,vishnu identical with truth and all spiritual powers in the sky over ,pushkara4 ,with the elements of fire1 water and earth this body is formed4 ,and consciousness is then set to that body4 ,united with the body and senses as consciousness the great ,brahman is called ,jiva4 ,when the subtle cause is destroyed all the primary elements exist in it1 and that subtle substance again appears in many forms4 ,the subtle soul1 although disassociated from the body1 pervades all objects of the three worlds as consciousness and enjoys them4 ,for the suppression of the wicked and protection of the pious4 ,iswara1 identical with ,yoga and the protector of ,dyuloka1 assumes the form of a man1 ,shesha1 tortoise and others and upholds ,ananta who holds up the earth and the four ,vedas identical with himself4 ,the ,lord exists in the ,brhmanas as the ,vedas1 in the ,kshatriyas as warfare1 as trade in the ,vaishyas and as service in the ,sudras 7#bi-bi74 ,living in the kine the ,lord is distributing amongst you milk and sustaining you4 ,stationed in sacrificial ingredients he is protecting you with fruits1 the departed manes with the smoke of ,havi and the gods with a portion of ,havi 7#cj74 ,with four elements and seven sorts of food the ,lord1 along with the departed manes1 is protecting the three worlds 7#ca74 ,the form of those seven kinds of food is the sun and the moon1 which becomes manifest and unmanifest through their own energy 7#cb74 ,mind1 words and vital breaths--these three continually increase the sun2 and with the remaining four the moon increases in his own disc 7#cc74 ,the three classes of ,pitris spoil the balls of food offered to them and the remaining four classes accept them 7#cd74 ,as gold is converted into an ear-drop so thou art hidden in the five senses3 thou dost live in egoism and other principles2 thou hast emanated from the ,eternal and ,undecaying ,brahman 7#ce74 ,the fire and air draw energy from thee3 because they draw their energies from thee thou art called ,aditya 7#cf74 ,when the end of the cycle sets in1 thou dost as if scorch the universe with thy rays and devour it3 and therefore thou dost attain to the highest spiritual power 7#cg74 ,in ,amavashy 7the night in which the moon is not at all visible7 and the full-moon night thou dost range secretly with the ,rishis sprung from the sun1 moon and the ,vasus 7#ch74 ,thou dost celebrate sacrifices which yield nourishment1 grant heaven and do not bring about the deterioration of virtue4 ,during ,amavasy and ,purnim thou dost appear in trees1 herbs and the earth as the moon4 ,and for being born again thou dost take birth every fortnight 7#ci-dj74 ,o lord of elements1 whatever exists on the surface of the earth for the nourishment of creatures who have gone away and who will come again is identical with thee 7#da74 ,all the daily obligatory rites that are extant on earth are identical with thee4 ,thou art at one with ,yajna1 ,karma1 ,mantra1 words and atman 7#db74 ,there are two ways leading to heaven1 the sun and the clear moon4 ,the latter is the way to the region of the departed manes and the former is to that of the celestials 7#dc74 ,in the shape of creatures and guided by mortal regulations thou dost range in the universe only2 destroying the senses in thy own form thou art living invisible to all4 ,thou art born alone2 thou art the ancient universal ,purusha3 thou art undecaying and incomparable3 thou art self-controlled and yet thou dost play4 ,in energy thou art like fire1 and thou art ranging assuming the form of air3 and thou art always enveloped with five subtle elements4 ,in the work of the control of mind and external senses thou dost exist as ,jiva2 in the work of emancipation thou art the ,pure ,intelligence2 and in the work of daily destruction thou art in the form of ,rudra4 ,thou dost protect the universe as ,vishnu4 ,the various orders and castes are identical with thee3 thou art the consciousness of the eye and senses4 ,the self-controlled and sinless ,munis1 who have attained the ,great ,brahman through their works1 who consider the friend and foe as equal1 always serve thee 7#dd-dh74 ,thus eulogised by the various ,siddhas and ,munis the great ,vishnu thought of the form of ,hayashira4 ,while the ,lord assumed the form identical with the ,vedas and the body identical with all the gods ,siva remained on his head and ,brahm in his heart4 ,the rays of the sun remained on his ,kundalas and the moon and the sun on his two eyes4 ,the ,vasus remained on his two ,janghs and all the ,siddhas and gods on his joints4 ,the ,vedas remained in his words1 the ,maruts and ,varuna on his knee-joints4 ,having thus assumed a huge form1 highly wonderful even unto the gods the ,lord ,hari1 with his eyes reddened in anger1 began to assail the ,asura the very personification of stupefaction4 ,like unto a youthful damsel clad in a white cloth the earth was filled with ,madhu's fat and flesh 7#di-eh74 ,therefore1 ,o king1 the earth is called ,medini and perhaps for thousands of ,asuras she has obtained the appellation of ,dharani 7#ei74 ,the esoteric meaning of the passage is that ,madhu the spirit of stupefaction which is a demonaic emotion1 binds 7,mohendra7 the soul within the body4 ,,chapter ,,xxv4 ,,vishnu ,,kills ,,madhu4 ,vaishampyana said3--,beholding ,madhu's overthrow in ,pushkara1 all the creatures1 filled with joy1 sang and danced on all sides 7#a74 ,as if riving the sky with its golden summits covered with various mineral substances the foremost of mountains ,suprshwa shone there 7#b74 ,the mountains covered all over with minerals shone there with elevated summits like unto clouds charged with lightning 7#c74 ,on account of their summits being covered with sand and powdered coal raised by the wind they appeared like so many huge clouds4 ,the mountains1 whose summits were covered with clouds1 whose trees were scattered with their wings1 from which was produced profuse gold1 were as if stationed in the sky4 ,raised by the wind the winged mountains1 having their summits covered with golden minerals1 struck terror unto all birds4 ,the golden mountains were covered with crystal1 emeralds and sapphires4 ,the huge mountain ,himalaya was covered with white minerals4 ,and when his golden summits and wings are lighted up by the rays of the sun they display various sorts of jems4 ,the huge mountain ,mandara1 filled with crystal and containing two gateways built of ,vajra1 shone like the celestial region4 ,the mount ,kailsha1 adorned with various minerals1 its high summits like unto so many gate ways1 and trees covered with ,gandharvas playing on musical instruments1 the ,kinnarras singing and the celestial maidens1 making various gestures1 appeared like a sporting mountain 7#d-ab74 ,with ,madhu's singing1 acting1 dancing1 playing the mount ,kailsa excited desire like unto ,cupid 7#ac74 ,vishnu1 in the shape of the earth1 blue mount ,vindhya with summits like unto clouds stricken with the rays of the sun1 stationed on the mount ,meru1 sent down showers on earth through clouds 7#ad-ae74 ,with rising clouds the mountains discharge pure water1 various rocks1 mineral substances2 and through springs they discharge water clear like crystal4 ,after the end of the rainy season trees1 like unto clouds charged with lightning1 shine being adorned with flowers4 ,the elephants have been adorned with various ornaments of gold4 ,hanging and blossoming creepers1 supported by trees filled with birds1 are as if dancing on being shaken by the wind4 ,and during the spring the creepers1 shaken by a gust of wind1 like unto waves striking against the bank1 are pouring blossoms like unto drops of water4 ,the earth has been covered with various huge tres covered with fruits4 ,as if singing songs the trees1 fond of honey and birds1 are announcing the approach of ,cupid4 ,the ,divine ,vishnu1 the destroyer of ,madhu1 created a river of currents4 ,that stream had many fountains1 profuse water and beautiful landing places4 ,the shrines1 situate on its bank1 were charming and beautiful4 ,it was full of clear water and carried fragrance of flowers 7#af-bc74 ,enlightened by the ,vedic words ,there is nothing else but thee she enters into the ,yogin's heart4 ,enlightened by the ,vedic words1 and assuming the form of ,kapil 7i4e4 the balanced state of the three qualities7 in yoga she yeilds milk 7i4e4 unfolds spiritual science7 7#bd-be74 ,when all the intellectual faculties are destroyed only ,pure consciousness remains2 the three universal tendencies 7,gunas7 resort to the material body only for knowing the subtle element4 ,thereupon the ,yogin1 with mental concentration1 adores the highly wonderful1 eternal and pure ,atman4 ,brahman1 in the shape of pure ,jnna1 crossing over all objects of consciousness like water in a desert1 pervades the entire creation4 ,the beautiful1 well-formed illusory ,my covers the celestial ,atman4 ,when the cover of ,avidy is removed one can see ,atman4 ,the consciousness of ego is invincible like a mountain4 ,it depends on the three universal tendencies or ,gunas4 ,it exists eternally and is served even by the ,siddhas 7#bi74 ,,chapter ,,xxvi4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,pirthu ,,and ,,the ,,churning ,,of ,,the ,,ocean4 ,janamejaya said3--,o ,brahman1 when egoism and ignorance thus prevailed all over the world what did the people do 7#a78 ,vaishampyana said3--,in order to took after the work of adminstration ,prajpati1 along with the ,rishis1 installed ,vena's son ,prithu on the throne 7#b74 ,when the ,tret ,yuga set in the people spoke amongst themselves3--,he is our most excellent king born 7#c74 ,he will grant us livelihood1 protect the ,brhmanas and all creatures in satisfaction of duties entrusted to him by the ,lord 7#d74 ,in the meantime1 exhausted with the practice of various religious regulations the gods were taking rest on the table land of the mount ,gandhamdana 7#e74 ,thereupon when the spring set in gods and ,dnavas1 smelling fragrance from all sides1 were highly pleased4 ,they thought3--,the fragrance of flowers scattered by the wind is highly charming and delightful therefore the fragrance of every earthly object is most excellent4 ,smelling that fragrance the ,daityas were a little surprised in the beginning4 ,afterwards being delighted they attained to most excellent felicity 7#f-h74 ,excited with that smell they all said in a body3 ,such is the power of every flower3 we do not know what will be its fruit 7#i74 ,various modes of action are to be ascertained by inference4 ,by the power of this understanding men perform auspicious and inauspicious deeds 7#aj74 ,with the powerful mount ,mandara capable of assuming forms at will we will grind the herbs in water 7#aa74 ,we will churn the ocean with great force1 drink ambrosia and in a body make ourselves ready for destroying ,avidy or ignorance 7#ab74 ,the great force ,vishnu1 whom we worship1 will be our guide 7in ,yoga72 and although living with ,ripus 7passions7 still we will conquer them and enjoy ,dyuloka and ,bhurloka 7#ac74 ,with roots1 leaves1 branches1 flowers and fruits we will carry ambrosia to earth4 7#ad74 ,having spoken thus about the shaking of the mount ,mandara the ,daityas extracted all the herbs grown on the mount ,gandhamdana4 ,and then they ran for uprooting the mount ,mandara and agitated the earth4 ,the ,dnavas1 born in the race of ,danu1 could not uproot the mount ,mandara4 ,their knees bruised they fell down into the hollow of the mountain 7#ae-ag74 ,thereupon having dissipated their sins through ascetic penances and controlled their self through proper understanding they bent their heads down and sought refuge with ,ishwara 7#ah74 ,informed of their mental desire the omniscient and self-controlled ,brahm1 who can go every where for the well-being of all the worlds1 said in an invisible voice 7#ai-bj74 ,let the ,adityas1 ,vasus1 ,rudras1 ,maruts1 gods1 ,yakshas1 ,gandharvas and ,kinnaras be united and uproot the mount ,mandara and possess the herbs the very essence of the ,himalaya 7#ba-bc74 ,hearing those words in the presence of all1 the ,daityas1 endued with the strength of arms1 multiplied themselves into many with mind and words near the ocean of salt of water where ,pushkara was placed by all the ,devas and ,dnavas 7#bd-be74 ,having converted the mount ,mandara into the churning rod and ,vsuki into chord they churned the ocean of salt water with the herbs for thousands of years4 ,with the mixture of water and herbs arose ambrosia in the form of milk 7#bf-bg74 ,possessed by avarice and anger the ,asuras pilfered that ambrosia4 ,thereafter arose ,dhanwantari1 wine1 ,sree1 ,koustava jewel1 the clear moon1 the beautiful horse ,ucchaishrav and then milk4 ,in order to take it the ,devas said to ,rhu3--,none1 amongst the ,daityas and ,danvas1 has drunk this ambrosia4 ,thereupon with discus ,hari cut off ,rhu's head4 ,earth himself snatched away from ,indra's hand that nectar-like ,jnna which even the departed manes and ,munis have not enjoyed perpetually4 ,urged on by the ,vedic phrases and accepted the discipleship the ,earth stole away that nectar of knowledge 7#bh-ca74 ,the esoteric meaning is3--,the mount ,mandara means true understanding2 ,payas means ,jnana or knowledge and ,oshadhis--bodily attachment4 ,the meaning is that by means of true understanding we will drown bodily attachment in true knowledge4 ,that is1 being united with father1 wife1 brothers1 children etc4 ,,chapter ,,xxvii4 ,,the ,,destruction ,,of ,,bali4 ,janamejaya said3--,the ,daityas were slain by ,vishnu's power3 but what did they wish for when they grew powerful 7#a78 ,vaishampyana said3--,the highly powerful ,dnavas1 on account of their prowess1 prayed for kingdom and the truthful ,suras desired to carry on rigid austerities 7#b74 ,janamejaya said3--,having acquired lordly powers1 why did ,bali1 born in the race of ,hiranyakashipu1 celebrate in the days of yore1 a long-extending sacrifice in the land between the ,gang and ,yamuna 7#c78 ,vaishampyana said3--,o great king born in the race of ,bharata1 the highly powerful ,bali1 the foremost of ,dnavas1 celebrated a ,rajasuya sacrifice with profuse gold in the land situated between ,gang and ,yamun4 ,that was like a great ascetic penance for him4 ,when that great ,asura undertook the celebration of the ,yajna1 many ,brhmanas observant of ascetic vows and well read in the ,vedas1 accomplished ,yatins1 ,vlikhilya ,munis1 and many other twice-born ones1 who daily practised many religious rites1 came there in a body4 ,in that sacrifice rich presents were made4 ,and the preceptor ,shukra1 like unto fire amongst the ,brhmanas1 came there with his son for officiating as a priest on behalf of ,bali4 ,like unto ,hiranyakashipu amongst the ,daityas ,bali said to ,saraswati3--,thou didst tell me that thou wouldst of thy own accord confer a boon on me4 ,do thou do it now 7#d-aj74 ,in the form of a dwarf ,vishnu accepted as alms ground for placing his three feet from that descendant of ,hiranyakashipu 7#aa74 ,afterwards the ,eternal ,vishnu invaded the three worlds with his three foot-steps and assumed a celestial form4 ,deprived of their kingdom and with their soldiers1 ,prsas1 swords ,tomaras1 rods1 flags1 standards1 cars1 coats of mail1 cases1 axes and other weapons1 the ,daityas entered into the nether region4 ,on the other side1 filled with joy the gods1 along with ,vishnu1 at once rose up and installed ,indra as their king for establishing their sovereignty over all the worlds4 ,bali gratified them with the offering of ambrosia4 ,brahm gave that ambrosia to ,mahendra4 ,with this work ,bali was shorn of his sins and became immortal 7#ab-af74 ,thereupon first of all the gods blew the conch-shell which sprang from ,brahm's hands and the blare of which made the hairs of the enemy stand erect4 ,hearing the blare of that conch-shell the three worlds were controlled and having obtained ,indra as their king they enjoyed great peace4 ,armed with weapons made of fire and effulgent the three worlds stood before the mount ,mandara 7#ag-ai74 ,,chapter ,,xxviii4 ,,siva ,,obstructs ,,daksha',s ,,sacrifice ,,and ,,hari ,,fights ,,with ,,him4 ,vaishampyana said3--,o ,bhrata1 thereupon they all enjoyed peace and a kingdom of prosperity was established4 ,at that time there existing no difference as regards the knowledge of spiritual science between gods and men they all unitedly cultivated the knowledge of ,atman4 ,many however wept on the other hand2 the gods accepted the sacrificial offerings offered by men 7#a-c71 ,thereupon having instructed ,prchetas ,daksha for celebrating a horse-sacrifice the divine ,vrihaspati came there encircled by the ,rishis4 ,daksha was the maternal grandfather of all4 ,therefore in that ,yajna of ,daksha's who was devoid of the knowledge of ,self ,rudra1 together with ,nandi1 set in obstacles for his own share4 ,rudra's form1 by his own desire1 was divided into two4 ,the greatly pious ,nandi was born as a man4 ,through his ,yoga power the ,eternal ,brahman1 so well sung in the ,vedas1 was manifested by ,rudra 7#c-f74 ,encircled by various ,ganas1 such as ,sarupa ,arupa1 ,virupaksha1 ,ghatodara1 ,urddhanetra1 ,mahkaya1 ,vikata1 ,vmana1 ,shikhi1 ,jati1 ,trilochana1 ,shankukarna1 ,chiradhri1 ,charmi1 those holding nooses1 clubs1 bells in their hands1 those wearing ,kundalas and ,katakas and those carrying bugles1 flutes and ,mirdangas1 ,rudra ran on for obstructing ,daksha's sacrifice4 ,the goblins had in their hands conch-shell1 ,muraja1 ,tla and ,tala4 ,rudra1 the holder of trident and other fierce weapons1 worshipful unto the sacrificers1 shone like burning flame in that sacrifice4 ,it appeared that the burning fire of dissolution was about to devour the universe4 ,as at the end of a cycle the fire of dissolution devours in no time the whole universe1 so ,nandi and the holder of ,pinka were about to spoil that most excellent sacrifice4 ,striking terror unto ,munis wearing bark and skin the night-rangers ran forward to up-root the sacrificial stakes4 ,the ,pramathas1 having coppery eyes1 drank up sacrificial offerings with their tongues4 ,others1 with the end of their tongues long like the trunks of elephants1 began to devour the animals4 ,others up-rooted the stakes and struck the beasts4 ,some threw water into fire and laughed2 some1 shining with eyes red like ,jav flowers1 stole away the ,soma juice4 ,some1 with their hands resembling lotus-stalks1 cut off the ,darbha grass4 ,some broke down the sacrificial posts and others threw away the jars4 ,some felled the golden trees set up for beautifying the ground4 ,some with arrows broke down the golden vessels4 ,some destroyed the vessels and some uprooted ,arani4 ,some broke down the altars1 some ate the balls of rice and some spoiled the various articles with their nails4 ,thus continually obstructed day and night that great sacrifice began to roar like a mighty ocean4 ,on the other hand taking up the bow made of ,kichaka bamboo1 that was formerly given to him by the ,self-sprung ,brahm1 the highly-powerful ,mahdeva set arrows to it4 ,then drawing his bow with his knees he struck the great ,yajna4 ,wounded with arrows that great sacrifice leaped up into the sky3 and assuming the form of a deer and crying aloud he approached ,brahm4 ,wounded with arrows the sacrifice found shelter or peace nowhere on earth4 ,assailed with arrows piercing to his very vitals he sought refuge with ,brahm 7#g-be74 ,in sweet1 auspicious1 humble1 powerful and grave accents ,brahm said to the sacrifice in the form of a deer3--,o great deer1 you will thus remain stationed in the sky4 ,you have been defeated with an arrow of bent knots and variegated colours4 ,therefore united with ,soma do you live with the eternal ,rudra at the head of the planets4 ,acquiring movements in the sky be you united with stars2 be you ,dhruva amongst the luminous bodies4 ,and this celestial blood1 which is gushing out of your wound1 and which is dropping on the sky in consequence of your running1 will assume various colours and will be celebrated as the region of ,ketu4 ,during the rainy season it will form the sign of showers unto creatures4 ,seeing it people will meet with happiness or sorrow4 ,on account of its resting on senses it will in the sky pass by the name of ,indra's bow4 ,o king1 men's eyes will observe it with surprise4 ,it will be wondrous1 variegated and will be perfectly planned by the mind4 ,in the sky of heart where ,brahman is perceived it will be known only in name4 ,it will not be seen in night4 ,this wonderful phenomenon will be specially seen in the first part of the day4 ,rising up from the earth it will disappear in the sky4 ,at that time hundreds of ,prchetas ,dakshas1 in fear of ,rudra holding his bow1 will simultaneously run away4 ,with his ,pinka burning like ,brahma's rod at the end of a cycle ,nandi stood there along with other ,rudras4 ,holding up with one hand a huge bow and with another his discus the the large-armed ,vishnu stood there4 ,holding his conch-shell and club in his another hand and the sword in his fourth hand ,vishnu stood in front of all desirous of fighting with ,rudra 7#bf-cg74 ,thereupon taking up his ,shrnga bow1 his conch-shell peerless in the world and arrows ,vishnu1 with his soldiers1 stood at the head of the battle4 ,then putting on his gloves and armour he shone there like an ocean with the moon4 ,with various celestial weapons the effulgent ,adityas and ,vasus stood around ,nryana4 ,the ,maruts and ,vishwas took up ,rudra's cause4 ,the ,gandharvas1 ,kinnaras1 ,ngas1 ,yakshas1 ,pannagas and the ,rishis1 who had laid aside the rod of chastisement1 wished well of both the sides4 ,wishing for the well-being of all the worlds they continually recited ,lord's names for the universal peace4 ,rudra1 standing at the head of the battle1 struck ,vishnu on his breast and joints with sharpened arrows4 ,vishnu1 the soul and origin of all1 was not agitated thereby4 ,although he was endowed with six senses still his mind was not possessed by anger4 ,then ,vishnu1 bending his bow1 set arrows to it4 ,and in no time he discharged that arrow1 like unto the uplifting ,brahma weapon1 on ,rudra's breast4 ,even the mount ,mandara is shaken by the thunder-bolt3 but wounded with that arrow ,mahdeva did not tremble4 ,thereupon leaping up all on a sudden the ,eternal ,vishnu got hold of ,rudra's throat and for that the deity obtained the appellation of blue-throated 7#ch-dg74 ,vishnu said3--,thou art without birth and death4 ,do thou forgive me4 ,thou art the precepter of all creatures and scriptures4 ,i know thee 7#dh74 ,o descendant of ,bharata1 the ,lord is the agent of all actions and the most excellent of all elements on account of their being endless4 ,he is the material and efficient cause of the universe and he has performed the most auspicious works4 ,then from the sky were heard highly wonderful words emanating from the mouths of the ,siddhas4 ,salutation unto thee1 ,o ,eternal ,deity 7#di-ea74 ,thereupon raising up his ,pinaka1 the powerful ,nandi1 begotten by ,rudra1 almost beside himself with rage1 struck ,vishnu on the head4 ,beholding ,nandi the foremost of gods1 the omnipresent ,lord ,hari stupified him smilingly4 ,burning in his energy ,vishnu1 the giver of the highest object of life1 endued with forgiveness1 stood there firm like a mountain4 ,although powerful like the fire of dissolution still the unconquerable1 incomparable1 eternal ,hari of a quiescent soul1 on being propitiated1 apportioned a portion of sacrificial offerings for the intelligent ,rudra4 ,vishnu1 the foremost of gods1 is always virtuous and shorn of desires and by him the sacrifice was again established4 ,o king1 in that dreadful encounter between ,vishnu and ,rudra the ,ganas did not leave the parties they respectively espoused4 ,a righteous battle took place at the time of the spoliation of ,daksha's sacrifice4 ,and at that time the destruction of sacrifices was introduced in the world4 ,o king1 by the grace of ,vishnu1 the ,prajpati ,daksha1 who was not conversant with the knowledge of self1 acquired the knowledge of the ,supreme soul as the fruit of his sacrifice4 ,this lotus incarnation of the ,great ,vishnu has been recorded by the ,rishi ,dwaipayana in the ,poushkara ,purana and has been in order improved by the great ,rishis4 ,he1 who with attention listens to this ,purana1 acquires all objects of desire in this world2 and shorn of grief he enjoys happiness in the next world4 ,the man of great intellect1 who being purified and self-controlled makes the ,brhmanas listen to this celestial theme1 studies all spiritual subjects and is honored in the region of gods 7#eb-fc74 ,,chapter ,,xxix4 ,,the ,,boar ,,incarnation ,,of ,,vishnu4 ,janamejaya said3--,we have heard from the pious sages while reciting the ,puranas about the boar incarnation of ,vishnu of incomparable energy1 but we know nothing about his works1 accomplishments and object4 ,is that ,lord identical with sacrifice or ,yoga8 ,is his body made of elements or illusory8 ,who is the presiding deity ,hari1 or ,hara8 ,how is his prowess and conduct8 ,what did he do in the days of yore8 ,do thou describe truly before these great ,brhmanas this boar incarnation recorded in ,srutis 7#a-d74 ,vaishampyana said3--,o king1 ,i will describe to you the boar incarnation of ,krishna of highly wonderful deeds1 which has been described at length in religious books by ,krishna ,dwaipyana4 ,o ,janamejaya1 being purified and self-controlled hear how ,nryana assumed the form of a boar and how ,hari1 the slayer of his enemies1 assuming the boar form adorned with the sacred verses of the ,sruti1 raised up with his tusks the earth sunk underneath the ocean4 ,this highly sacred ,purana is like unto the ,vedas1 and is adorned with ,srutis4 ,it should not therefore be recited to an atheist4 ,he is a spiritual man1 who knows the meaning of this complete ,purana and of the ,sankhya and ,yoga systems expounded in it4 ,after the running out of the thousand cycles and the termination of ,brahm's day1 when all sorts of evil omens appear and all the elements become invisible ,vrishkapi1 identical with ,hari and ,hara1 takes the form of ,hiranyaret1 as the fire1 air and the sun1 consumes the world with his flames and dries up the ,vishwadevas1 ,sadhyas1 ,rudras1 ,adityas1 the two ,ashwinis1 all the ,patriarchs1 the seven ,rishis1 ,yakshas1 ,rkshasas1 ,gandharvas1 ,daityas1 ,pishachas1 ,nagas1 the various classes of ,bhutas1 the ,brahmanas1 ,kshatriyas1 ,vaishyas1 ,sudras1 quadrupeds and other lower animals living on earth 7#e-ae74 ,thereupon in the last part of ,brahm's day1 when according to the desire of ,ishwara1 thirty-three celestials1 well-read in ,itishsas1 ,upanishads1 ,vedas and other sciences and engaged in pious works and having their faces discoloured and limbs burnt by his effulgence took ,brahm1 the origin of the universe1 before them and appeared there the great ,yogin ,nryana in the shape of a swan entered into ,hari4 ,as in this world the sun daily rises and sets so the gods appear and disappear in ,nryana4 ,i will describe it 7#af-bj74 ,a cycle consisting of a thousand years complete is called ,nishesha for at that time the world1 the instrument of dissolution1 does not exist and so all the works of creatures are brought to a close4 ,having destroyed all the worlds consisting of the gods1 ,asuras and ,pannagas1 the ,lord only1 the preceptor of the world1 lives in ,his own ,self4 ,after the end of each cycle the ,lord1 again and again1 creates all creatures4 ,the ,lord is unmanifest and ,eternal4 ,the whole universe exists in ,him4 ,when the world is divested of the rays of the sun and the moon1 of smoke1 fire1 air1 sacrifices and religious rites1 when the birds become motionless and no animal moves about1 when the whole world is enveloped with darkness1 and every thing becomes invisible1 when all the works come to a close1 when the fall of lightning1 earth-quake and other portends disappear1 when the enemies are destroyed and the universe1 identical with ,nryana1 arrives at a state of equilibrium ,hrishikesha1 the ,great soul1 strives to sleep4 ,wearing matted locks like unto a thousand flames ,krishna1 clad in a yellow raiment1 resembling a cloud in hue and having red eyes1 a breast pasted with red sandal and adorned with the mystic mark of ,srivatsa1 appears there like a cloud charged with lightning4 ,a garland of a thousand lotuses adorns1 his neck and his wife1 ,lakshmi1 herself remains attached to his person4 ,thereupon ,vishnu1 of incomparable prowess and identical with virtue1 the grand-father of all1 enters into an undescribable ,yoga sleep4 ,thereupon after the completion of a thousand years he himself awakes as the ,lord ,purusottama the master of all the celestials4 ,afterwards the ,lord of the world again thinks of creating the universe4 ,with his supreme power he creates the departed manes1 gods1 ,asuras and men4 ,he then thinks of the works of the gods4 ,that lord of speech then creates all the worlds 7#ba-cd74 ,the ,lord is the creator1 protector and destroyer3 he is the ordainer3 he is self-control and regulation 7#ce74 ,all the gods are identical with ,nryana1 all works are identical with ,nryana1 all truth is identical with ,nryana and all dignity is identical with ,nryana4 ,all ,yajnas and ,srutis are identical with ,nryana4 ,emancipation is identical with ,nryana and ,he is the refuge of all4 ,virtue and sacrifices all depend on ,nryana4 ,knowledge and ascetic penances all proceed from ,him4 ,there is no god superior to ,nryana3 nor will there be any 7#cf-ch74 ,he is the ,self-sprung ,deity1 the lord of the universe2 ,he comes within the ken of knowledge as ,brahm and within that of perception as air4 ,he is identical with yajna4 ,he is known by us as both manifest and unmanifest3 he is omniscient and the creator of all4 ,he displays what the senses cannot3 and the latter cannot perceive what he does not display1 ,the gods1 the patriarchs and the seven ,rishis have not been able to know the end of ,him4 ,therefore the ,sruti says that ,he is without end4 ,his most supreme form the gods cannot see3 they only adore that form of ,his which ,he assumes at the time of ,his incarnation4 ,the gods only see that form of ,his in which ,he manifests ,himself4 ,the form which ,he does not show no body can search for4 ,he is the lord of elements1 the motion of the vital air and the fire of digestion4 ,he is the distributor of energy1 asceticism and ambrosia4 ,he enjoys the fruits of ,chturhotra in four ,asramas4 ,he is the ordainer of four ,yugas and four oceans4 ,he is the great ,yogin4 ,having destroyed the universe ,he keeps it in his womb for a thousand years and then unfolds the egg4 ,this omniscient ,prajapati creates the gods1 ,asuras1 the ,brhmanas1 serpents1 ,apsaras1 herbs1 the upholders of the universe1 ,yakshas1 ,guhyakas1 and the ,rakshasas 7#ci-dg74 ,,chapter ,,xxx4 ,,the ,,work ,,of ,,creation ,,and ,,upraising ,,of ,,the ,,earth4 ,vaishampyana said3--,the ,vedic ,sruti says that formerly this universe of ,brahm existed in the shape of a golden egg4 ,thereupon for creating the world the omnipotent ,lord cut off the egg which had its mouth upwards4 ,the ,lord1 who was conversant with the knowledge of all divisions1 again divided it into eight parts4 ,the etherial hole which was on the surface of the egg was converted into the most excellent ,brahma region intended for the virtuous4 ,and the hole underneath was converted into ,rastala4 ,as the material cause of the universe the ,lord created that egg with eight sorts of holes2 and he then divided senses1 in the shape of holes1 into gross and subtle elements4 ,and the various parcels of the egg dyed with diverse colors were converted into variegated clouds4 ,the liquid substance1 that was in the egg1 became gold on earth4 ,o ,king1 as the world is covered with oceans1 at the time of the universal dissolution so the entire universe was covered with the streaming juice of that egg4 ,and the water1 that came out of the egg which the ,lord created formerly for the construction of the celestial region1 became the golden mountains4 ,with that water1 all the quarters1 sky1 the region of ,nka and all other interstices were covered4 ,and wherever that water dropped mountains were created4 ,the earth was thick set with mountains and became impassable4 ,assailed by those mountains extending over many ,yojanas the earth was pressed down by their weight4 ,the celestial water1 identical with ,naryana which flowed down on earth became the golden energy4 ,assailed by that energy and unable to bear it the earth entered into the region underneath4 ,seeing the earth enter into the region underneath1 the slayer of ,madhu1 for the well-being of all1 devoted his attention to raising her 7#a-af74 ,the ,lord said3--,assailed by the weight of my strength the poor goodess ,earth is going to ,rasatala like unto a cow thrown helplessly into mud 7#ag74 ,the ,earth said3--,salutation unto ,purusottama who is endued with three foot-steps1 of incomparable strength1 the great man-lion of four arms1 and who bears the mystic mark of ,srivatsa on his breast and holds the bow ,shrnga1 discus1 sword and club 7#ah74 ,o lord1 thou dost hold ,atman1 thou dost uphold the universe1 the elements and protect the world4 ,thou dost1 by thy energy and strength1 hold all and ,i sustain them afterwards4 ,i cannot sustain what thou dost not uphold4 ,there is no element which is not supported by thee4 ,o ,nryna1 at every ,yuga1 thou dost1 for the behoof of the world1 relieve me of my burden4 ,assailed by thy energy ,i am about to enter into ,rastala4 ,i do now seek refuge with thee4 ,do thou save me4 ,when ,i am oppressed by the ,dnavas and the wicked-souled ,rkshasas ,i do seek thy shelter who art eternal and all truth4 ,when my mind is possessed by fear ,i1 hundreds of times1 pray to thee in my mind who art broad-shouldered and like unto a bull and seek thy shelter4 ,the ,lord said3--,o ,earth1 do not fear4 ,be self-controlled and enjoy peace4 ,i do bring you to your proper place which you wish 7#ai-bf74 ,vaishampyana said3--,thereupon the great ,lord thought in his mind of his celestial forms and said3--,assuming what form shall ,i upraise the earth8 ,then ascertaining how he would raise up the earth sunk under water1 the ,lord1 sporting in water1 thought of his boar-form4 ,hari1 the upholder of the ground1 thus engaged himself in raising up the earth4 ,that ,brahm form1 indentical with worlds1 was above the reach of all4 ,it extended over ten ,yojanas1 and was a hundred ,yojanas in height4 ,it was like a dark-blue cloud in hue--and its voice was like the muttering of clouds4 ,it was strong like a huge mountain and had white burning tusks4 ,it was effulgent like lighting and the rays of the sun4 ,his shoulders were plump and spacious4 ,his gait was like that of a proud tiger4 ,his back was elevated and he was endued with all the marks of a bull4 ,having thus assumed the form of a huge boar1 ,hari entered into ,rastala for raising up the earth4 ,the ,vedas were the feet of that boar1 the sacrificial stakes were its teeth1 the sacrifice was its hands1 ,chiti was its mouth1 fire was its tongue1 ,darbha grass was its hair1 ,brahman was its head4 ,that ,great ,yogin was the distributor of days1 nights and moments1 was identical with the ,vedas and their limbs1 and adorned with ,srutis4 ,having thus assumed the form of a sacrificial boar the preceptor of the world immediately entered into the region underneath4 ,he held the earth covered with the mass of water4 ,for the behoof of the world the ,lord entered into ,rastala and upraised the earth with his tusks sunk down there4 ,thereupon reinstating the earth in her proper place the ,lord upheld the upholders of the earth and then released her4 ,on account of her being held up by him the earth attained to peace and saluted the ,lord ,vishnu4 ,having thus assumed the form of sacrificial boar1 the ,lord1 for the well-being of all1 raised up the goddess ,earth4 ,having raised up the earth from ,rastala that foremost of ,suras1 having eyes1 devoted his attention to making various divisions of the world4 ,having assumed the form of a huge boar1 the highly illustrious ,achyuta1 of unequalled prowess1 raised up the earth with one tusk for the well-being of the world 7#bg-dh74 ,,chapter ,,xxxi4 ,,the ,,creation ,,of ,,mountains ,,and ,,rivers4 ,vaishampyana said3--,the earth floated over that vast expanse of water like a boat4 ,on account of the heaviness of her body she did not sink down 7#a74 ,the ,lord then thought of making divisions of the earth4 ,he then thought of the height of mountains1 the courses of rivers and their sizes1 small or less4 ,having divided the earth into four continents like unto four petals of a lotus and separated the oceans he created the golden mountain ,meru 7#b-d74 ,thereupon going to the eastern side he created the 7,udaya7 rising mountain a hundred yojanas in extent and a thousand yojanas in height4 ,with golden summits the fruits of his own energy and effulgent like the rising sun he completed it with body and base 7#e-f74 ,that one1 having lotus eyes1 created there golden trees of huge stems covered daily with flowers and fruits 7#g74 ,the ,great ,god ,vishnu next created the mount ,soumanaka which was a hundred yojanas in extent and two hundred in height4 ,he collected there thousands and thousands of jems and variegated altars shining like evening clouds4 ,he then created the mountain of a thousand summits1 the abode of hundreds of jems4 ,it was thickly covered with trees and was sixty yojanas in height4 ,there the celestial ,architect placed his most excellent seat adored of all creatures4 ,he then created the great mountain ,shaishira covered with forest4 ,its impassable caves were richly adorned4 ,from it he created the celebrated river ,vasudhra1 originating from dews abounding in birds and adorned with banks4 ,that river1 full of sacred sacrifices1 covered the entire eastern quarter with pearls and conch-shells1 daily yielded ambrosial fruits and flowers1 and had profuse shade4 ,it was adorned with many trees grown on its bank 7#h-ae74 ,thereupon having created divisons of the ,west1 the ,lord created the charming mountain of half gold and half silver in the south4 ,holding on one side the effulgence of the sun and on the other that of the moon that best of mountains shone there greatly in beauty 7#af-ag74 ,that mountain was as if simultaneously spread over with the rays of the sun and the moon4 ,thereupon he created in that quarter the huge mountain ,bhnumanta4 ,that mountain was covered with celestial trees conferring all wished-for fruits4 ,then he created the mount ,kunjara of the shape of an elephant 7#ah-ai74 ,it had golden rooms on all sides and was many yojanas in extent4 ,he then created the mount ,rishabha of the shape of a bear4 ,it was covered with golden sandal trees and was as if smiling with flowers4 ,he then created the mountain chief ,mahendra a hundred yojanas in height4 ,it had golden summits and huge blossoming trees4 ,the ,lord created that huge mountain on earth1 which1 filled with diverse jems1 was effulgent like the sun and the moon4 ,he then created the mountain ,malaya adorned with many blossoming trees 7#bj-bc74 ,he then created the mount ,mainka covered with a net of rocks4 ,he placed that huge mountain in the southern quarter 7#bd74 ,he then created the mount ,vindhy endued with a thousand summits and covered with various trees and creepers4 ,he then created the celebrated river ,payodhara1 full of milk like sweet water1 whirlpools and endowed with spacious banks4 ,that river beautified the southern quarter 7#be-bf74 ,having placed in the southern quarter that sacred river of a hundred branches and many holy pilgrimages the ,lord repaired to the western quarter4 ,there he created a huge mountain a hundred ,yojanas in height4 ,it was adorned with variegated and golden rocks1 caves1 ,shla1 ,tala and other trees shining like the sun and beautiful altars made of gold4 ,the ,lord established sixty thousand mountains in the ,western division4 ,there he created a ,vaidurya mountain named ,barha in imitation of his own boar form4 ,there were golden and silvery rocks4 ,there he also established the huge ,chakravn mountain of a thousand summits resembling his own discus4 ,he also created the silvery mountain ,shanka covered with dark-blue trees resembling his conch-shell4 ,on the summit of that mountain he placed the huge tree ,prijata produced from gold and jems4 ,the ,lord ,barha created in the western division the sacred and celebrated river ,ghritadhr of profuse water4 ,having thus created many divisions of the ,west he established in the north many golden and beautiful mountains4 ,he then created the golden mountain ,shoumya of the effulgence of the sun and extent of the sky4 ,even when divested of the sun the country was lighted up with its effulgence4 ,as with the heat of the sun the lunar region is lighted up so as if with the effulgence of that mountain the sun shone4 ,it appears1 from the subtle signs that the sun is giving its heat4 ,its thousand summits were filled with various shrines4 ,he then created again the setting 7,asta7 hill filled with various jems4 ,he then created there the charming and most beautiful mountains ,mandara and ,gandhamdana covered with flowers4 ,on the summit of the latter he created the wonderful golden river ,jamvu4 ,he then created the mounts ,trishikhara1 ,pushkara1 ,shubhra ,pndura1 the foremost of mountains ,kailsha of the hue of a cloud and the mountain chief ,himalaya covered with heavenly minerals4 ,the ,lord1 assuming the form of a boar1 created in the nothern division the heavenly river ,madhudhr endued with all virtues and a hundred mouths4 ,all those mountains had wings and could assume forms at will4 ,the ,lord ,paramesthin made them all many coloured4 ,having thus made the various divisions of the earth the ,lord thought of creating the gods and ,asuras4 ,the divine destroyer of the world1 having blood-red eyes1 created1 on all sides1 for the behoof of mankind1 many beautiful hills and sacred rivers full of water 7#bg-ej74 ,,chapter ,,xxxii4 ,,the ,,creation ,,of ,,the ,,vedas4 ,vaishampyana said3--,thus desirous of creating the universe the ,lord began to think4 ,while he was thus meditating a ,purusha came out of his mouth4 ,arriving before the ,lord1 the ,purusha asked ,what shall ,i do8 ,the ,lord1 the master of the universe1 smilingly replied3--,divide yourself into two4 ,saying this1 the ,lord disappeared4 ,o ,bhrata1 when the ,lord disappeared bodily no relic of his movement was seen there like unto a lamp put out4 ,then the ,hiranyagarbha1 who is sung in the ,vedas1 began to meditate on the words uttered by ,him4 ,formerly the ,lord of the universe was the only ,patriarch therefore he alone is entitled to sacrificial offerings4 ,the ,patriarch said3--,the ,great one asked me to divide myself into two1 but ,i have a great doubt regarding the division of ,self into two4 ,when the ,patriarch was thinking thus the word ,om was recited2 with its sound the earth1 sky1 and heaven were filled4 ,when ,prajapati's mind was practising ,om again from the heart of the god of gods1 sprang ,vashatkar4 ,again originated the three great sacred words ,om1 ,bhur1 ,bhuva1 etc41 with which the heaven1 earth and sky are filled4 ,afterwards was produced the sacred ,gayatri of twenty-four words the originator of metres4 ,completely recollecting that celestial verse ,prajapati created ,savitri4 ,the ,lord then created the four ,vedas1 ,rik1 ,saman1 ,atharvan and ,yayush with their accompanying religious rites 7#a-aa74 ,thereupon from his mind emanated ,sana1 ,sanaka1 ,santana1 ,barava1 ,sanandana1 and the omnipotent ,sanatkumar4 ,with ,rudra these six ,rishis are the mind-begotten sons of ,brahma4 ,in ,yoga ,tantra the ,yatis and the ,brhmanas speak highly of these six ,rishis1 ,brahm and ,kapila4 ,afterwards the ,self-sprung ,deity created his eight mind-begotten sons namely ,marichi1 ,atri1 ,pulastya1 ,pulaha1 ,kratu1 ,bhrigu1 ,angira and ,maru and the ,pitris of all creatures1 gods1 ,asuras and ,rakshasas4 ,at the end of ,nishesha ,kalpa1 the termination of the thousand ,yugas1 all these and their offspring disappeared from the world4 ,again after a thousand years these celestial ,yogins1 capable of procreating progeny1 will again take birth4 ,for a particular work with the end of every cycle the gods change their names and births4 ,from ,prajpati's right thumb the divine ,daksha was born4 ,his wife was born from ,brahma's left thumb4 ,daksha begat on that wife his celebrated daughters the mothers of the world4 ,o king1 with their progeny the whole world is covered4 ,thinking in his mind about the multiplication of his progeny ,daksha conferred his daughters1 ,aditi1 ,diti1 ,kt1 ,anyu1 ,sinhik1 ,muni1 ,prdh1 ,krodh1 ,surabhi1 ,vinat1 ,suras1 ,danu and ,kadru on ,kashyapa4 ,daksha gave his ten daughters namely ,arundhati1 ,vasu1 ,ymi1 ,lamv1 ,bhim1 ,marudvati1 ,sangkalpa1 ,muhurtta1 ,sdhy and ,vishw1 on ,brahm's son1 ,manu4 ,then he conferred his beautiful daughters of blameless limbs1 having lotus like eyes and full-moon-like countenances1 namely ,kirti1 ,lakshmi1 ,dhriti1 ,pushti1 ,buddhi1 ,medh1 ,kriya1 ,mati1 and ,lajj1 on ,dharma4 ,then was born ,atri's son ,atreya full of water4 ,he was of a thousand rays1 the lord of planets and the dispeller of darkness4 ,prchetas ,daksha conferred on him his most excellent twenty-seven daughters1 ,nakshatra1 ,yogini1 ,rohini1 etc4 ,hear1 ,i will name the progeny of ,kashyapa1 ,manu1 ,dharma and ,shashi4 ,kashyapa begat on ,aditi the gods ,aryam1 ,varuna1 ,mitra1 ,pusha1 ,dht1 ,purandara1 ,twashta1 ,bhaga1 ,angsha1 ,savita and ,parjanya4 ,we have also heard that ,kashyapa begat on ,diti two sons4 ,they were ,hiranyakashipu and the powerful ,hiranyaksha4 ,they were endued with incomparable prowess and like unto ,kashyapa in asceticism4 ,hiranyakashipu had five sons who were all very powerful4 ,they were ,pralhda1 ,anulava1 ,sanglahda1 ,hlda and ,anulhada4 ,pralhda had three highly powerful sons1 namely ,virochana1 ,jambha and ,kujmbha4 ,virochana's son was ,bali whose only son was ,vna4 ,his son was ,indradamana1 the victor of hostile cities4 ,danu had numerous children who were all celebrated as great ,asuras in the world4 ,of them the first-born ,viprachitti became the king4 ,krodh had many sons and grand-sons who were called ,krodhavashas4 ,they were highly dreadful and ruthless4 ,singhik gave birth to ,rhu who assailed the sun and the moon4 ,he devours the moon and destroys the sun4 ,kta's children were like unto ,death1 highly dreadful effulgent1 like dark blue clouds and had eyes shining like the sun4 ,kadru had many sons of whom the thousand headed ,sesha1 ,vsuki and ,takshaka acquired ascendancy4 ,they were all virtuous1 well-read in the ,vedas1 engaged in doing good unto creatures1 givers of boons and capable of assuming forms at will4 ,vinat's sons were ,tarksha1 ,aristhanemi1 the highly powerful ,garuda1 ,aruna and ,aruni4 ,pradh gave birth to the daughters ,anavady1 ,anuk1 ,anun1 ,arunapry1 ,anuga1 ,subhag and the eight holy ,apsaras worshipped even by the celestial saints4 ,alamvasha1 ,misrakeshi1 ,pundarik1 ,tilottam1 ,surupa1 ,lakshman1 ,kshem1 ,rambh1 ,mandram1 ,asit1 ,suvahu1 ,suvritta1 ,sumukhi1 ,supry1 ,sugandhy1 ,suras1 ,pramathini1 ,kshya and ,shradvati were celebrated as ,manneya ,apsaras4 ,vishwvasu and ,bharanya were known as ,gandharvas2 ,menak1 ,sahajany1 ,parnini1 ,punjikasthata1 ,kratusthata1 ,ghitachi1 ,vishwchi1 ,urvashi1 ,anumloch1 ,pramloch and ,manovati1 these ten were the celebrated ,apsaras4 ,from ,prajpati's determination were produced ambrosia1 liked by the whole world1 the ,brhmanas1 the cows and the ,rudras4 ,they have been all described in the ,purana as the offspring of ,subrahi4 ,i have thus described the progeny of ,kashyapa1 ,i will now describe that of ,manu4 ,o sinless one1 ,i will describe them to you in brief4 ,vishw gave birth to ,vishadevas and ,sdhy to ,sdhyas4 ,marudvati gave birth to ,maruts and from ,vasu ,vasus were born4 ,bhnu's sons were ,bhanus1 ,muhurtta's were ,muhurttajas and ,lamv gave birth to ,ghosha4 ,jmi gave birth to ,ngadithi and ,arundhati gave birth to all the objects of the world4 ,sangkalpa gave birth to ,sangkalpa1 and ,lakshmi gave birth to ,dharma's son ,kma1 the most favourite of the world4 ,kma begat on his wife ,rati two sons ,harsha and ,yasha4 ,soma begat on his wife ,rohini the great lord ,varsh by whom the moon becomes effulgent as soon as he rises4 ,thus thousands of wives and sons were born4 ,this is the root of the world4 ,the ,lord ,prajpati distributed powers amongst creatures according to their merit4 ,the ,lord then created the ten quarters1 the earth1 ,rishis1 oceans1 birds1 trees1 herbs1 serpents1 rivers1 gods1 demons1 the sky-rangers1 sacrifices and mountains 7#ab-fj74 ,,chapter ,,xxxiii4 ,,various ,,kings ,,are ,,appointed ,,by ,,brahma4 ,vaishampyana said3--,o ,bharata1 the ,lord appointed ,sakra1 effulgent like the sun1 as the king of the three worlds and of the gods 7#a74 ,jishnu1 the wielder of thunder-bolt1 clad in a coat of mail1 was given birth to by ,aditi4 ,that intelligent patron of ,srmitis is eulogised by ,adhyaryus 7#b74 ,as soon as he was born from ,aditi the ,lord ,sakra was covered with ,kua grass and therefore the king of gods passed by the name of ,koushika 7#c74 ,having installed the thousand-eyed ,purandara as the ,lord ,paramount ,brahm began gradually to distribute other kingdoms4 ,he installed ,soma as the king of ,yajnas1 asceticism1 stars1 planets1 the twice-born and herbs4 ,he appointed ,daksha the king of patriarchs1 ,varuna the lord of waters1 the all-destroyer ,vaishwnara1 the king of the departed manes and ,vayu that of smell1 bodiless creatures1 sound and ether 7#d-g74 ,he conferred on ,mahdeva the sovereignty over the goblins1 ,pishacas1 ,matris1 cows1 evil portends1 diseases1 calamities1 profuse rain1 other disturbances and the evil spirits4 ,he appointed ,vaishravana ,kuvera as the king of ,yakshas1 ,rakshasas1 ,guhyakas1 all the jewels and wealth4 ,he appointed ,sesha as the king of all animals having teeth1 ,vsuki as that of ,ngas and ,takshaka as that of serpents4 ,he appointed the ocean as the lord of rivers1 rain and waters and ,avury as the lord of ,adityas4 ,he appointed ,chitraratha as the king of ,gandharvas and ,kma that of ,apsaras4 ,he appointed the bull1 the carrier of ,mahadeva1 the king of all quadrupeds4 ,the highly effulgent ,hiranyakashipu was appointed the king of ,daityas and ,hiranyksha as the heir apparent4 ,the highly powerful and first born ,viprachitti was appointed the king of ,dnavas and ,asuras4 ,prajpati appointed ,mahkala as the king of ,kalakeyas and ,vitra that of the sons of ,anyusha the wife of ,twasth4 ,he appointed the great ,asura ,rahu1 the son of ,sinhik as the king of all portends and evil omens 7#h-af74 ,o ,bhrata1 thereupon he appointed ,vatsara 7year7 the king of seasons1 months1 cycles1 fortnights1 days1 nights1 ,tithis1 ,parvas1 ,kals1 ,ksths1 ,muhurttas1 the two ,ayanas1 ,yoga ,sstra and ,mathematics4 ,the highly powerful ,garuda was elected the king of all birds1 ,suparnas capable of seeing from a distance and of the ,bhogis4 ,vsava appointed ,aruna1 ,garuda's younger brother1 red like a ,jav flower1 as the king of the ,eastern quarter4 ,the highly illustrious ,yama1 the dispenser of justice and the son of the lord ,aditya was appointed by ,mahendra as the king of the south4 ,kashyapa's own begotten son1 who was under water and was celebrated afterwards by the name of ,amburja1 became the king of the ,west4 ,and ,pulastya's son the highly effulgent ,kuvera1 like unto ,mahendra himself1 was appointed the king of the north 7#ag-bd74 ,having thus made out the divisions of the kingdom1 the ,self-sprung ,deity1 the creator of the universe conferred on them severally the celestial regions4 ,the regions of some were effulgent like the sun1 some were like fire1 some were like lightning1 and some like the moon4 ,all those regions were of diverse colors1 capable of coursing at will1 many hundred yojanas in extent1 easily accessible unto the pious and hard of attainment for the sinful4 ,the regions1 which are beautiful to look at and are lustrous like the stars1 are those of the pious4 ,those who celebrate sacrifices with most excellent presents1 those who are faithful to their own wives1 forgiving1 simple and truthful1 those ,brhmanas who show kindness towards the poor1 those who are freed from covetousness1 and the quality of ,rajas1 and the ascetic sages repair to those regions4 ,having thus engaged his own sons ,prajapati1 the grand-father of the world1 repaired to the ,brahm region called ,pushkara4 ,having been entrusted by the ,self-sprung ,deity with the work of protection and been looked after by ,mahendra the celestials lived happily in their respective regions4 ,having been duly engaged in the work of protection all the gods1 headed by ,shakra1 enjoyed their portions of sacrificial offerings1 heaven1 fame and joy 7#be-cc74 ,,chapter ,,xxxiv4 ,,the ,,mountains ,,set ,,asuras ,,fighting ,,with ,,the ,,gods4 ,vaishampyana said3--,once on a time influenced by the ,lord's ,my all the winged mountains1 the upholders of the ,earth1 left it4 ,thereupon coming to the eastern quarter they dropped into the abode of the ,asuras governed by ,hiranyaksha as the elephants are drowned into a lake4 ,they then asked the ,asuras about the sovereignty over the celestial region4 7,they said7 ,although born after you the gods have acquired the sovereignty3 you are not kings although you are born first4 ,hearing those words the ,asuras made most excellent preparations 7#a-c74 ,and setting their mind upon possessing the earth they took recourse to their incomparable wily understanding4 ,the ,asuras1 of dreadful prowess1 took up various weapons1 such as1 discus1 thunder-bolt1 sword1 ,bhushundi1 bow1 noose1 ,prsa1 ,sakti1 ,mushala and club4 ,some1 accoutered in coats of mail1 rode upon infuriated elephants4 ,some great car-warriors drove chariots drawn by horses4 ,some rode on horses1 some1 depending on the strength of their own arma1 rode on camels1 some on bulls1 some on buffaloes1 some on asses and others proceeded on foot4 ,the soldiers1 desirous of fighting1 issued out delightedly encircling ,hiranyakasha 7#d-h74 ,thereupon1 hearing of the preparations made by the ,daityas for battle the celestials1 headed by ,purandara1 made also most excellent arrangements4 ,encircled by their four-fold army they were accoutered in coats of mail and finger-protectors and took up quivers and bows4 ,stationed in the midst of the army1 the celestials1 holding fierce weapons1 followed ,purandara who was seated on the ,airvata4 ,thereupon excited with blare of bugles and sound of trumpets ,hiranyaksha encountered the king of gods4 ,he covered ,vsava with sharpened axes1 ,nishtringshas1 clubs1 ,tomaras1 ,saktis1 ,mushalas and ,pattias4 ,thereupon there took place a highly dreadful shower of arrows4 ,with sharpened axes1 iron swords1 clubs1 ,kshepanis1 stones1 ,satagnis and other weapons the remaining ,daityas struck ,vsava and other gods4 ,beholding ,hiramyaksha1 having smoky hairs1 yellow bears1 holding various weapons1 having the colour of dark evening clouds1 wearing a most excellent crown1 dark-blue and yellow raiments1 having arms extending up to knees and adorned with ,vaidurya made ornaments1 stand before the ,asura army like unto dreadful ,death at the time of the universal dissolution1 ,vsava and all the celestials were greatly pained 7#i-ba74 ,beholding ,hiranyaksha proceed like the moveable mountain ,mahendra the gods1 who took up bows and arrows1 stood in the battle-field with ,purandara before them1 filled with anxiety4 ,that ,daitya army1 lighted up with the lustre of golden armours1 stood there like the autumnal sky set with stars4 ,they felled one another2 some1 desisting from duel fight1 broke their own arms4 ,some had their limbs shattered with clubs and some had their breasts wounded with arrows4 ,some fell down and some were thrown down whirling4 ,some broke down cars and some were crushed down by them4 ,and some cars could not move on in the thick of the fight4 ,that battle1 like unto an unfair day1 covered with ,dnava-like huge clouds and lightings1 in the shape of celestial weapons1 shone there with the downpour of arrows caused by both the armies4 ,worked up with anger the highly effulgent and powerful son of ,diti1 ,hiranyaksha increased himself like unto an ocean on the occasion of a ,parva4 ,from ,hiranyaksha's mouth1 who was worked up with anger1 came out burning cinders4 ,with the air filled with fire and smoke the gods were scorched4 ,like unto an elevated mountain the whole sky was covered with weapons1 bows and ,parighas4 ,assailed with ,hiranyaksha in battle with various weapons and having their breast and heads wounded with winged arrows the gods could not move in the battle-field4 ,the gods1 routed by ,hiranyaksha in battle1 albeit careful1 lost their consciousness4 ,all the gods were thus terrorized by ,hiranyaksha4 ,assailed with weapons by ,hiranyaksha the thousand-eyed ,shakra1 who was seated on the elephant1 could not move on in the battle-field for fear4 ,having vanquished all the celestials and overpowered their king the ,dnava thought the universe as subjected by himself 7#bb-bd74 ,,chapter ,,xxxv4 ,,the ,,lord ,,comes ,,out ,,as ,a ,,boar4 ,vaishampyana said3--,when the gods were assailed and their king became motionless the holder of discus 7,vishnu7 made up his mind for the destruction of ,hiranyaksha the holder of club 7#a74 ,assuming the form of a huge boar1 described before1 the ,lord1 the slayer of ,asuras1 came there 7#b74 ,he took up his conch-shell shining like the moon and his discus of a thousand blades resembling the ,chakra mountain 7#c74 ,the immortals always recite the secret names of this undecaying ,purusha1 such as ,mahadeva ,mahabudhi1 ,mahayogin and ,maheshwara4 ,he is the foremost of those conversant with the knowledge of ,atman4 ,he is always served by the pious4 ,that ancient ,purusha1 the creator of the universe1 is worshipped in the three worlds4 ,he is the ,vaikuntha of the celestials1 ,ananta of ,bhogis1 ,vishnu of the ,yogins1 and the presiding god of the sacrificial rites4 ,by his grace the celestials partake of the three-fold sacrificial offerings4 ,having struck that foremost of ,daityas with his discus the ,lord blew his most excellent conch-shell4 ,hearing that dreadful blare of the conch-shell which strikes terror unto the ,asuras the ,dnavas fled away on all sides4 ,thereupon the great ,asura ,hiranyaksha1 having crimson coloured eyes1 said in anger1 ,who is he8 and cast his looks on ,nryana1 in the shape of a boar1 the dispeller of the calamities of the celestials1 who stood before him with the discus4 ,thereupon ,hiranyaksha and other ,asuras1 with various weapons1 encountered ,nryana4 ,although assailed by the highly powerful ,daityas with various weapons ,hari stood unmoved in the battle-field4 ,afterwards the highly powerful ,hiranyaksha discharged a burning ,sakti on the breast of the boar-formed ,nryana which filled ,brahma with surprise4 ,seeing that ,sakti about to fall upon him the highly powerful ,boar1 setting up a roar1 felled it on the ground4 ,thereupon the ,lord1 whirling his sunny discus1 shot it on the head of the ,danava king4 ,like unto the summit of the mount ,meru clapped by a thunder-bolt the ,daitya-king fell down dead on earth2 on his death1 all the ,daityas filled with fear1 fled away on all sides 7#d-bc74 ,,chapter ,,xxxvi4 ,,release ,,of ,,the ,,celestials4 ,vaishampyana said3--,having thus routed all the ,asuras in battle1 ,hari released ,purandara and all the celestials 7#a74 ,having regained their natural temperament all the gods1 placing ,purandara before them1 approached ,nryana 7#b74 ,the ,gods said3--,o ,lord1 by thy favour1 we have been released from the mouth of ,death4 ,what will ,aditi's sons do for thee8 ,we are willing to serve thy feet 7#c-d74 ,hearing those words of the celestials1 the ,lord1 having lotus eyes1 was highly pleased and said to them who had their enemy slain 7#e74 ,do ye all protect the religions severally alloted to you by me and obey my laws4 ,you have been entitled to sacrificial offerings and therefore observe the laws established by me before4 ,having said this to the king of gods1 he again continued3--,you should behave impartially towards the good and the wicked4 ,o king of gods1 you should allow the ascetics to enter always into your region that grants all desirable objects4 ,may those1 who propitiate the gods with sacrifices1 obtain the fruits thereof4 ,may the pious and religious flourish and the sinful become extinct4 ,may the virtuous people1 serving in various stages1 conquer heaven4 ,may men1 who are truthful1 humble1 heroic and freed from envy1 enjoy the fruits of heaven4 ,those1 who are irreverent1 lustful1 avaricious1 wicked and atheistic1 should go to hell4 ,o king of gods1 you should observe these words of mine and your enemies will not be able to injure you as long as ,i am living4 ,having said this the holder of conch-shell1 discus and club disappeared4 ,all the gods were filled with great surprise and having saluted the ,boar they repaired to the celestial region 7#f-af74 ,,chapter ,,xxxvii4 ,,the ,,man-,,lion ,,incarnation ,,of ,,vishnu ,,hiranyakashipu',s ,,prayer ,,to ,,brahma4 ,vaishampyana said3--,o king1 ,i have thus described to you the boar incarnation of ,vishnu4 ,i will next describe the man-lion incarnation in which form the ,lord killed ,hiranyakashipu4 ,formerly in the ,krita ,yuga the founder of the ,daitya race1 the king ,hiranyakashipu practised great penances4 ,living under water he observed the vow of silence like an immoveable object for five thousand and five hundred years4 ,pleased with his self-control1 mastery over his senses and regulations ,brahma was highly pleased4 ,afterward in his white sunny car drawn by swans the ,lord ,brahm himself came there and said to the king of ,daityas ,o you of firm vows1 you are my votary4 ,i am pleased with you for your ascetic penances4 ,may you fare well4 ,pray for a desirable boon 7#a-aj74 ,thereupon the ,dnava-chief ,hiranyakashipu1 with a delighted heart and folded hands1 said3--,o lord1 may none1 amongst the gods1 ,asuras1 ,gandharvas1 ,yakshas1 ,uragas1 ,rakshasas1 men and ,pischas1 slay me4 ,may not the ,rishis1 when angered1 curse me4 ,may not my destruction be brought about with a weapon1 mountain1 tree1 dry or wet articles4 ,may not my death take place in heaven1 nether region1 sky or either in day or in night4 ,may he be my death only who1 with the stroke of his own palm1 will be able to kill me with my followers1 servants and kinsmen4 ,i will discharge the functions of the sun1 moon1 air1 fire1 water1 sky1 stars and ten quarters4 ,i will be ,kma1 ,krodha1 ,varuna1 ,vasava1 ,yama1 ,kuvera and the king of ,kimpurushas4 ,may huge weapons appear bodily before me in a battle 7#aa-ah74 ,brahma said3--,o my son1 ,i grant you these wonderful and celestial boons4 ,these boons are rare and not to be obtained by men4 ,forsooth1 by my favour1 you will obtain all desirable objects4 ,vaishampyana said3--,having said this ,brahm went to the ,vairja region through the etherial way4 ,afterwards hearing of the grant of this boon the gods1 ,ngas and ,gandharvas went to the ,grand-father and said3--,o lord1 by virtue of this boon the ,asura will oppress us4 ,do thou concert a measure for his destruction4 ,hearing their words the ,lord ,brahm said3--,o ye gods1 he must obtain the fruits of his penances4 ,after he will have enjoyed them the ,lord ,vishnu will slay him4 ,delighted with what the lotus-sprung ,deity had said the celestials repaired to their respective quarters 7#ai-bf74 ,vaishampyana said3--,elated with the power of the boon he had obtained the ,daitya-chief ,hiranyakashipu began to oppress the creatures4 ,that powerful ,daitya assailed the ascetic ,munis in the hermitages and the trutuful and self-controlled ,brhmanas4 ,having vanquished all the gods in the three worlds he brought them under subjection and lived in heaven4 ,urged on by ,destiny and elated with the pride of boon he made the ,daityas entitled to sacrifices and deprived the gods therefrom4 ,thereupon the ,adityas1 ,sdhyas1 ,vishws1 ,vasus1 ,rudras1 all the saints and the ,brhmanas approached the highly powerful and eternal ,vishnu adored of the world and sought his shelter4 ,the gods said3--,o ,nryana1 the gods have sought refuge with thee3 do thou save them and slay the ,daitya-chief ,hiranyakashipu4 ,thou art our protector1 great preceptor and the great god4 ,thou dost please the party of thy friends and destroy the enemies4 ,do thou help us for slaying ,diti's progeny4 ,vishnu said3 ,cast off your fear1 ,o ye immortals1 ,i promise you safety4 ,you will1 in no time1 attain to the celestial region as before4 ,i will soon kill that ,dnava king with his people who is elated with the pride of his boon and is unslayable even by the immortals4 ,vaishampyana said3--,having said this and dismissed the celestials the omniscient ,lord thought of the destruction of ,hiranyakashipu4 ,having assumed a body1 half-lion and half-man1 he arrived at ,harinyakashipu's court4 ,it was highly charming and a hundred yojanas in length and half as much in breadth4 ,there existed neither decrepitude nor sorrow4 ,it was adorned with various flowers and excellent seats 7#bg-dh74 ,,chapter ,,xxxviii4 ,,the ,,asuras ,,are ,,filled ,,with ,,surprise ,,at ,,seeing ,,the ,,man-,,lion ,,form4 ,vaishampyana said3--,o ,bhrata1 thereupon when ,hiranyakashipu and all the ,danavas saw that mighty-armed one like unto the wheel of time and fire covered with ashes1 the beauty1 of that man-lion form covered with matted wells and effulgent like the moon1 filled every where of that spacious ,hall4 ,seeing that form resembling a conch-shell1 a kunda flower and the moon the ,dnavas exclaimed ,what a wonderful form6 ,with their celestial vision however ,hiranyakashipu and ,pralhda could perceive that the ,lord1 in the shape of a lion1 had come there4 ,pralhda said3--,o large-armed king1 the first born amongst the ,daityas1 we have never seen a man-lion form1 nor have we heard of it4 ,how wonderful is this celestial form6 ,my mind says that this dreadful form has appeared for the destruction of the ,daityas4 ,the gods1 oceans1 rivers1 ,himavn1 and other boundary mountains1 the moon with the stars1 the ,adityas1 ,ashwinis1 ,varuna1 ,yama1 ,indra1 ,maruts1 ,rishis1 ,nagas1 ,yakshas1 ,gandharvas1 ,pishachas and dreadful ,rakshasas are all in his body4 ,brahm and the ,lord ,siva appear on his forehead4 ,the mobile and immobile creation1 all the ,daitayas together with ourselves1 this assembly hall1 the three worlds1 all are visible in him as the moon reflected on a mirror 7#a-ae74 ,,chapter ,,xxxix ,,vishnu ,,kills ,,hiranyakashipu4 ,vaishampyana said3--,hearing the words of ,pralhda ,hiranyakashipu said to the ,daityas3--,hold this lion assuming a wonderful form4 ,and if you entertain any doubt kill this forest-ranger4 ,hearing those words and delighted the ,danavas surrounded that huge-bodied lion and showed him fear4 ,thereupon sending up a leonine shout1 that man-lion1 like unto ,death with his mouth wide open1 dispersed the assemblage4 ,worked up with anger ,hiranyakashipu discharged various weapons at the lion4 ,but the highly powerful ,lord remained unmoved like the mountain ,himalaya4 ,and leaping up into the sky the ,man-lion tore ,hiranyakashipu into pieces with his nails and killed him4 ,after the destruction of the ,diti's son the earth1 lunar region1 solar region1 all the quarters1 rivers1 oceans and mountains again came into view4 ,thereupon pleased all the gods chanted the glories of the ,eternal ,purusha with various hymns 7#a-aj74 ,,chapter ,,xl4 ,,the ,,beginning ,,of ,,the ,,dwarf ,,incarnation3 ,,bali ,,becomes ,,king4 ,vaishampyana said3--,i have thus described to you the man-lion incarnation4 ,i will now describe the dwarf incarnation4 ,formerly the powerful ,vishnu1 assuming the form of a dwarf1 occupied the kingdom of the three worlds with three footsteps in the sacrifice of the powerful ,bali4 ,having released the earth he conferred it on the king of the celestials 7#a-c74 ,kashyapa1 the well-dressed son of ,marichi1 espoused two sisters of ,prajapati1 ,diti and ,aditi4 ,the great ,kashyapa begat on ,aditi the twelve classes of the celestials1 ,dht1 ,aryam1 ,mitra1 ,varuna1 ,angsha1 ,bhaga1 ,indra1 ,vivashwn1 ,pusha1 ,parjanya1 ,twasth and ,vishnu4 ,he began on ,diti the powerful ,hiranyakashipu4 ,the ,daitya-chief ,hiranyksha was his younger brother4 ,hiranyakashipu had five highly powerful sons1 namely ,pralhada1 ,hlada1 ,sangrada1 ,jambha and ,anuhrda4 ,pralhda's son was ,virochana whose son was ,bali4 ,their sons and grand-sons were all very powerful4 ,thousands of the descendants of these highly powerful daityas are seen all over the land4 ,having seen ,hiranyakashipu slain by the ,man-lion the ,daityas made ,bali their chief for the destruction of the gods4 ,he was heroic1 powerful1 pious and self-controlled like ,hiranyakashipu and therefore was installed as their king by the ,daityas4 ,they said3 ,o ,daitya king1 it is well known to you that the entire universe consisting of the three worlds1 mobile and immobile1 was under ,hiranyakashipu4 ,o slayer of gods1 the celestials1 having killed your grand-father1 have stolen the three worlds and appointed ,indra as their king4 ,therefore1 ,o lord1 try to rescue your ancestral kingdom with our help4 ,may you fare well and regain your ancestral kingdom4 ,encircled by thousands of ,asuras do you vanquish the celestials in their own region4 ,unlimited is your prowess and strength and by your accomplishments you have excelled even your grand-father 7#d-ae74 ,,chapter ,,xli4 ,,bali',s ,,prosperity4 ,vaishampyana said3--,the gods were 7accordingly7 defeated by the ,daityas and the worlds were occupied by them4 ,maya and ,samvara announced the victory of the highly powerful ,bali4 ,at that time the directions were clear1 pious acts flourished1 iniquity was suppressed1 and the sun coursed regularly in its path4 ,pralhda1 ,shamvara1 ,maya1 and ,anuhlda carefully guarded all the quarters4 ,people wended virtuous ways and there was absence of sin and increase of virtue4 ,the ,siddhas practised penances4 ,dharma flourished with four legs and ,adharma 7sin7 with one4 ,the kings properly protected their subjects and all the orders followed their respective duties4 ,bali was installed in the kingdom of gods unanimously by all the ,asuras4 ,when they began to shout in joy the boon-giving goddess of prosperity1 with a lotus in her hand1 appeared before ,bali1 and said3--,o foremost of the powerful1 ,o highly effulgent ,daitya king ,bali1 ,i have been pleased with you for your defeating the gods4 ,may you fare well4 ,having displayed your prowess you have vanquished the king of gods in battle4 ,seeing your wonderful power ,i have come to you4 ,o foremost of ,dnavas1 you are born in the race of ,hiranyakashipu and have been appointed the king of ,asuras4 ,it is therefore no wonder for you to perform such a feat4 ,you have excelled even that ,daitya king who enjoyed the entire three worlds4 ,besides you are always virtuous and pious4 ,o you of unlimited prowess1 you will therefore rule over the three worlds4 ,having thus addressed the ,daitya king that beautiful boon-giving goddess ,lakshmi disappeared 7#a-ad74 ,,chapter ,,xlii4 ,,the ,,gods ,,go ,,to ,,kashyapa ,,for ,,finding ,,out ,,means ,,for ,,the ,,destruction ,,of ,,bali4 ,janamejaya said3--,o foremost of the twice-born and ,munis1 vanquished by the ,daityas what did the gods do8 ,and how did they regain their heavenly kingdom 7#a78 ,vaishampyana said3--,hearing of a celestial voice the beautiful king of gods1 along with the celestials1 repaired to the most excellent palace of ,aditi situate in the east 7#b74 ,having arrived there ,purandara related to ,aditi every word about the celestial message 7#c74 ,aditi said3--,o my child1 yourself and all the immortals cannot slay ,virochana's son ,bali4 ,only the thousand-headed ,purusha is capable of slaying him and none else4 ,however ,i will ask your father the truthfnl ,kashyapa about the destruction of the great ,daitya ,bali 7#d-f74 ,thereupon the ,suras with ,aditi approached ,kashyapa4 ,there they saw the great ascetic1 the first preceptor of the ,devas1 like unto the sun of mitigated lustre through water1 fair and effulgent like a burning flame4 ,having left aside his staff and thrown an antelope skin on his person he was practising penances4 ,his body was covered with bark and antelope skin4 ,he was burning in ,brahma energy like fire incarnate when inflamed with incantations4 ,the lord ,maricha1 the father of ,suras and ,asuras1 was the foremost of ,brahmavdins and effulgent like the sun4 ,he was the creator of all and the most excellent master of the patriarchs4 ,he was born as the third patriarch in the person of his grand-son4 ,as the mind-begotten sons of ,brahm speak to him1 so those leading and heroic ,devas along with ,aditi bowed unto ,kashyapa and with folded hands communicated to him the celestial message imparted through an invisible agency as also that ,bali1 the foremost of ,daityas1 was unconquerable by the immortals4 ,hearing the words of his sons ,kashyapa desired to repair to the region of ,brahm4 ,kashyapa said3--,o sinless one1 we will repair to ,brahm's abode filled with the sound of the recitation of the ,vedas4 ,there you are to communicate truly what you had heard unto ,brahm 7#g-af74 ,vaishampyana said3--,thereupon the ,devas with ,aditi followed ,kashyapa to ,brahm's palace filled with celestial saints4 ,in highly costly and charming conveyances coursing at all the ,devas1 in a moment1 reached ,brahm's region4 ,desirous of beholding the immortal ,brahm a mass of asceticism they repaired to his extensive court4 ,seeing the ,hall where sweet ,saman verses were being sung they were highly pleased4 ,they heard the ,rik mantras chanted by great ascetics of pious rites1 well read in the ,vedas and their auxilliaries4 ,with the recitation of ,vedic verses the ,hall resounded4 ,having arrived there and heard the recitation of the ,vedas the ,suras considered their own persons purified4 ,with their mental faculties concentrated1 resorting to silence and fixing their minds on ,brahm1 they1 filled with surprise1 looked at one another 7#ag-bg74 ,placing ,kashyapa before them the ,suras again in their mind saluted the ,omnipotent ,preceptor of the world4 ,again was heard the sweet and grave recitation of the ,vedas by the ,devas well-read in various ,scriptures4 ,kashyapa's sons saw there leading ,brhmanas ever observant of vows and regulations and fond of recitations and ,homa4 ,carrying on the work of creation through celestial ,my1 ,brahm1 the grand-father of the world and the preceptor of ,suras and ,asuras was seated in that ,hall4 ,there ,daksha and other ,patriarchs1 ,prachet1 ,pulaha1 the foremost of the twice-born ,marichi1 ,bhrigu1 ,atri1 ,vasishtha1 ,goutama1 and ,nrada1 were worshipping him4 ,learning1 mind1 sky1 fire1 water1 earth1 sound1 touch1 form1 taste1 smell1 these objects of sense1 the principle of greatness1 the four ,vedas1 religious rites1 sacrifices1 determination1 vital breath and every other thing was present before the ,self-sprung ,deity4 ,profit1 religious merit1 object of desire1 envy and joy were before him4 ,shukra1 ,vrihaspati1 ,samvartta1 ,buddha1 ,shani1 ,rhu1 all the planets1 ,maruts1 ,vishwakarma1 the stars1 the sun and the moon were adoring ,brahm4 ,the sacred verse ,savitri1 the seven forms of speech1 the ,srutis1 ,gths1 ,laws1 ,commentaries1 ,kshana1 ,lava1 ,muhurtta1 day1 night1 month six seasons1 year1 four yugas1 evening1 the wheel of time and many others were present before the ,self-sprung ,deity4 ,with the pious ,devas ,kashyapa entered into that celestial ,hall affording all objects of desire4 ,beholding the ,great ,creator the ,eternal ,brahm1 burning in his own beauty1 freed from exhaustion and served by the ,brahma saints the ,devas bowed unto him4 ,having touched the feet of ,paramesthin with their crown they were freed from sins and became of quiescent souls4 ,seeing ,kashyapa present there with the ,devas the highly effulgent ,brahm said 7#bh-dg74 ,,chapter ,,xlii4 ,,brahma ,,instructs ,,the ,,devas ,,to ,,go ,,to ,,vishnu4 ,brahm said3--,o ye highly powerful gods1 ,i have learnt the object of your arrival here4 ,o leading ,suras1 your object will be accomplished4 ,that lord of the universe1 who will vanquish ,bali the foremost of ,dnavas1 is not only the victor of the ,daityas but is the conqueror of three worlds and is worshipful unto the gods4 ,that eternal origin of the universe is the ordainer of the worlds4 ,people call him omniscient and ,hemagarbha4 ,the great ,lord1 who will destroy the world and the ,asura-chief ,bali1 is the origin of all and is our first born4 ,that ,yogin1 that soul of the universe is above the reach of thought4 ,even the ,devas do not know that great one3 but that ,purusottama knows the gods1 ourselves and the whole universe4 ,by ,his grace we fare well4 ,and establishing communion with ,him people practise hard austerities in this world4 ,o ,devas1 in the northern division and on the northern bank of the ocean of milk there is a most excellent place called ,amrita 7nectar73 so the wise say4 ,go there and being self-controlled practise hard austerities4 ,there you will hear most sacred1 purified words relating to ,brahman grave like the muttering of clouds surcharged with water in the rainy season4 ,that celestial speech is destructive of all sins and was spoken by the god of gods of pure soul4 ,so long as your vow will not terminate you will hear that great universal speech4 ,o gods1 you have come to me and ,i am ready to grant you boons4 ,tell me what boon you do want4 ,thereupon having bowed unto that one identical with ,yoga ,kashyapa and ,aditi touched his feet and accepted the following boon4 ,may ,lord forsooth be born as our son4 ,when they with great reverence said so ,brahm said ,so be it4 ,let the ,devas pray to ,him for becoming their brother and he will agree4 ,having obtained this boon from him and been successful in their mission the gods repaired to their respective habitations4 ,saying 'so be it' the ,suras1 ,kashyapa and ,aditi touched ,brahm's feet and repaired to the nothern quarter4 ,within a short time they reached the nothern bank of the ocean of milk as ordered by the ,divine ,brahm4 ,crossing many oceans1 mountains and rivers those leading celestials saw a highly dreadful quarter enshrouded with darkness and divested of the sun and creatures4 ,reaching that place called ,amrita the ,suras along with ,kashyapa began to practise hard austerities for many years with a view to propitiate the thousand-eyed1 intelligent ,yogin ,nryana endued with all lordly powers4 ,observing the vows of celibacy and silence and controlling their senses and movements the ,suras practised hard austerities there4 ,the divine ,kashyapa recited for pleasing the ,lord ,narayana many ,vedic verses of eulogy 7#a-bf74 ,,chapter ,,xliii4 ,,vishnu ,,promises ,,help ,,to ,,the ,,gods4 ,vaishampyana said3--,hearing those most excellent eulogistic verses recited by the foremost of the twice-born ,kashyapa the ,lord ,nryana1 having a grave but sweet voice1 delightedly and distinctly said to the great gods through the muttering of clouds4 ,the words were heard from the sky1 but nobody could see the ,lord4 ,iswara said it with great delight 7#a-c74 ,vishnu said3--,o leading celestials1 ,i am pleased with you4 ,may you fare well4 ,do you pray for boons and ,i am ready to grant them 7#d74 ,kashyapa said3--,o immortals1 blessed are we all since the ,lord has been pleased with us4 ,thou art our supreme refuge4 ,if ,o ,lord1 thou art propitiated and desirous of giving us boons1 be thou born as ,vsava's younger brother1 ever enhancing the joy of thy kinsmen and as the son of myself and ,aditi4 ,vaishampyana said3--,then ,aditi1 the mother of ,devas1 desirous of praying for a boon1 said to the ,lord3--,i pray to thee for a boon4 ,for the well being of all the gods be thou born as my son 7#e-h74 ,the ,gods said3--,o lord1 do thou become our brother1 master1 king and protector4 ,if thou art born as ,aditi's son ,vsava and other celestials will be able to hear the name of ,deva4 ,do thou therefore be born as ,kashyapa's son 7#i74 ,vaishampyana said3--,thereupon ,vishnu said to the ,devas and ,kashyapa3--,o gods1 your enemies will not be able to stand even for a moment before me4 ,having slain the ,asuras and other enemies of the celestials ,i will make the latter partake of sacrificial offerings4 ,by my creative power ,i will make the gods partake of ,havya and the ,pitris of ,kavya4 ,therefore ,o ye gods1 return by the same way by which you came4 ,i will satisfy the desire of ,aditi the mother of gods as well as that of the great ,kashyapa4 ,do you repair to your respective abodes4 ,may good betide you and may you attain to your desired-for objects 7#aj-ad74 ,thus addressed by the powerful ,vishnu the gods delightedly worshipped the ,lord 7#ae74 ,having bowed unto the ,deity1 the great ,vishwadevas1 ,kashyapa1 ,aditi1 ,sdhyas1 ,maruts1 and the highly powerful ,indra repaired to the great hermitage of ,kashyapa in the eastern quarter4 ,and having arrived at that hermitage filled with saints they engaged in the study of the ,vedas and awaited ,aditi's conception4 ,aditi1 the mother of gods1 held in her womb that great one1 the soul of the universe of great power for a thousand celestial years4 ,after the completion of the thousandth year she gave birth to the son1 the protector of the gods and the destroyer of the ,asuras4 ,living in the womb the ,lord withdrew the energies of the three worlds and saved the gods4 ,when that master of gods1 the joy of the three worlds1 the fear of the ,daityas and the enhancer of the delight of the gods was born the celestials were freed from fear 7#ae-ba74 ,,chapter ,,xliv4 ,,vishnu',s ,,birth ,,as ,a ,,dwarf4 ,vaishampyana said3--,when that ,deity was born the seven ,patriarchs1 ,marichi and others and the seven saints bowed unto him1 ,bharadwja1 ,kashyapa1 ,goutama1 ,vishwmitra1 ,jamadagni1 ,vasistha1 and the lord ,atri1 who comes into view when the sun is completely clouded1 came there4 ,marichi1 ,angira1 ,pulastya1 ,pulaha1 ,kratu and the patriarch ,daksha bowed unto him4 ,aurva1 ,vashistha's son ,stamva1 ,kashyapa1 ,kapivan1 ,akapivan1 ,dattoli1 ,chyavana1 and ,vasistha's seven other sons who passed by the name of ,vsishthas1 ,hiranyagarbha's son1 the highly energetic ,aurvajta1 ,grgya1 ,prithu1 ,agrya1 ,janya1 ,vmana1 ,devavshu1 ,yadudhra1 ,somaja1 ,parjanya1 ,hiranyroma1 ,vedashira1 ,satyanetra1 ,nimva1 ,atimbimva1 ,chyavana1 ,sudhtm1 ,viraj1 ,atinam and ,sahishnu bowed unto him4 ,apsaras1 having shining persons adorned with various ornaments1 danced before ,nryana4 ,the ,gandharvas played on bugles in the sky 7#a-i74 ,tumvaru1 with other ,gandharvas1 began to sing4 ,mahsruti1 ,chitrashir1 ,urnyu1 ,anagha1 ,gomyu1 ,suryavarch1 ,somavarch1 ,yugapa1 ,trinapa1 ,karshni1 ,nandi1 ,chitraratha1 ,shslishira1 ,parjanya1 ,kali1 ,nrenda1 ,hh1 ,huhu1 and the highly effulgent ,gandharva ,hansa began to sing before ,keshava4 ,there beautiful ,apsaras1 of large eyes1 endued with all auspicious marks and adorned with various ornaments began to dance4 ,sumadhy1 ,chrumadhy1 ,pryamukhya1 the beautiful ,anuka1 ,jmi1 ,mishra keshi1 ,alamvush1 ,marichi1 ,sruhika1 ,vidyutparna1 ,tilottama1 ,atrika1 ,lakshman1 ,rambh1 the charming ,asit1 ,suvhu1 ,supnj1 ,subhag1 ,urvashi1 ,chitralekh1 ,sugriv1 ,sulochan1 ,pundarikasugandh1 ,surath1 ,pramthini1 ,nanda1 ,sarashwati1 ,menaka1 ,sahajany1 ,parnik1 ,punjikasthali and thousands of other ,apsaras danced there4 ,dht1 ,aryam1 ,mitr1 ,varuna1 ,angsha1 ,bhaga1 ,indra1 ,vivashwn1 ,push1 ,twasth1 ,savit and ,vishnu1 these twelve ,adityas1 who are known as ,kshyapeyas and effulgent like the sun bowed unto the high souled lord of celestials4 ,o king1 ,mrigvyadha1 ,sarpa1 the highly powerful ,nirhiti1 ,ajaikapt ,ahivridhna1 ,aparajita1 ,pinaki1 ,dahana1 ,ishwara1 ,kapila1 ,sthanu and ,bharga1 these ,rudras were also present there4 ,the two ,ashwinis1 the eight ,vasus1 the highly powerful ,maruts1 ,vishwadevas and ,sdhyas all stood before him with folded hands4 ,shesha's younger brother the great ,vsuki1 ,apukunja1 ,dhritarshtra1 ,valhaka and other highly powerful1 wrathful and effulgent ,ngas all stood before him with folded hands4 ,trksha1 ,arishthanemi the highly powerful ,garuda1 ,aruna and ,aruni all stood before him with folded hands4 ,the creator of the world himself with all the great patriarchs came there and said 7#aj-bi74 ,brahm said3--,he is the ,eternal ,lord1 the powerful ,vishnu from whom have emanated all the worlds4 ,having said this the ,lord ,brahm1 along with other celestial saints1 bowed unto the king of gods and returned to the celestial region4 ,when the ,lord was born as ,kashyapa's son he had eyes blood-red like the clouds of an unfair day and was of the form of a dwarf4 ,on his breast was the mystic mark of ,srivatsa4 ,with expanded eyes the ,apsars looked at him4 ,his effulgence was like that of a thousand suns rising simultaneously in the sky4 ,that beautiful ,lord was the supporter of ,bhur1 ,bhuva and other lokas1 had high shoulders and pure hairs1 was the refuge of the pious and offered no shelter unto the iniquitous4 ,the great ,yogins regard him as the most excellent ,yoga4 ,he has eight sorts of lordly powers4 ,people call him the foremost of ,devas4 ,the ,vipras long for emancipation through knowing that ,eternal ,purusha and persons1 afraid of the world1 are freed from birth and death4 ,all the ,ashramas designate him as ,tapas4 ,practising hard austerities and restricting their diet people serve him4 ,as ,anata of a thousand hoods and crimson eyes he is worshipped by ,sesha and other ,ngas in their region4 ,the ,vipras1 desirous of attaining to the celestial region1 worship him as ,yajna4 ,although present every where ,he is one4 ,he is the most excellent poet and the ,vedas sing ,him as the ordainer of sacrificial offerings4 ,virtue is ,his effulgence4 ,the sun and moon are ,his eyes and the sky is ,his body4 ,that omnipotent ,lord said to the ,devas in most excellent words 7#cj-db73--;,even knowing it ,i have attained to this boyhood through my ,yoga power4 ,what shall ,i do1 ,o ye celestials1 for you8 ,what boon shall ,i give8 ,do you with pleasure pray for what you want4 ,hearing those words of the high-souled dwarf1 ,indra and other gods with folded-hands said to ,kashyapa's son3--,by virtue of his ascetic penances and of the boon conferred on him by ,brahm1 the omniscient and highly powerful ,daitya king ,bali has possessed the entire universe through his prowess and self-control4 ,he is not to be slain by any one of us4 ,thou art alone capable of vanquishing him4 ,no one else can discomfit him4 ,therefore do we all seek refuge with thee1 ,o lord1 who art the remover of the fear of gods1 fond of thy votaries and the giver of boons4 ,o large-armed and great king of the celestials1 for the well being of the ,rishis and all the worlds and for the satisfaction of ,kashyapa and and ,aditi let the ,pitris partake of ,kavya and the celestials partake duly of ,havya4 ,do thou bring back the three worlds for giving them back to the great king of the celestials1 ,mahendra4 ,that ,dnava is celebrating a horse-sacrifice1 do thou therefore think of an expedient by which thou mayst regain the worlds 7#dc-eb74 ,vaishampyana said3--,thus addressed by the celestials ,vishnu1 in his dwarf form1 said to the ,devas1 filling them with joy 7#ec74 ,vishnu said3--,let ,angir's son1 the highly effulgent ,rishi ,vrihaspati1 who has mastered the ,vedas1 take me to his sacrifice4 ,going to his sacrificial ground ,i will do what ,i think proper for regaining the three worlds 7#ed-ee74 ,thereupon the highly effulgent and intelligent ,vrihaspati took the ,omnipotent ,dwarf to the sacrificial ground of the ,daitya king ,bali endued with high intellectual powers4 ,that ,dwarf assumed the form of a boy1 had smoky eyes1 wore sacrificial thread well-polished and deer-skin4 ,he had an umbrella and staff in his hands4 ,though not aged he appeared like an old man4 ,meditated upon by ,brahm and other gods that foremost of ,suras1 the ,lord of the ,patriarchs1 went to the sacrificial ground of the ,daitya king ,virochana's son ,bali 7#ef-fj74 ,although the gate was well-protected by properly armed and accoutered ,daityas he all on a sudden entered there 7#fa74 ,the powerful ,dwarf appeared before ,bali1 the king of ,daityas and ,dnavas1 completely encircled by priests well-versed in reciting mantras 7#fb74 ,having arrived at the sacrificial ground filled with ,brhmana saints the lord described himself as being identical with ,yajna4 ,having described in detail the sacrifice that ,eternal ,purusha1 identical with ,yajna and a master of sacrificial rites1 vanquished ,sukra and other priests with various quotations and they could advance no reply4 ,before the ,rishis and priests the ,omnipotent ,lord1 of wonderful speech1 with reasons and arguments laid down in the ,vedas1 but not visible to any1 described himself unto ,bali as being identical with sacrifice4 ,thereupon seeing the elderly ,rishis and ,upadhyayas 7preceptors7 silenced by that highly effulgent dwarfish boy ,virochana's son ,bali regarded it as a wonder4 ,and filled with surprise and bending low his head1 he1 with folded hands1 said3--,whence have you come8 ,who are you8 ,whose son are you8 what necessity have you here8 ,i had never seen before such an intelligent1 beautiful1 good-looking1 charming ,brhmana boy endued with such spiritual culture and so well read in the ,vedas4 ,the ,devas1 the ,rishis1 ,nagas1 ,yakshas1 ,asuras1 ,rakshasas1 ,pitris1 ,siddhas1 ,gandharvas1 none amongst them1 has such a son4 ,whoever you may be1 ,i bow1 unto you4 ,tell me what ,i can do for you 7#fc--gb74 ,thus addressed by ,bali that ,dwarf1 conversant with expedients1 whose nature cannot be conceived by any1 smiling a little1 said 7#gc74 ,,chapter ,,xlv4 ,,bali ,,promises ,,to ,,give ,,lands ,,to ,,the ,,dwarf4 ,vishnu said3--,what a wonderful sacrifice is this undertaken by the king of ,asuras4 ,there are various sorts of well prepared edibles4 ,o highly powerful ,dnava king1 your sacrifice has excelled that of the ,great ,creator ,brahm1 that of ,sakra the king of the celestials and that of ,yama1 and ,varuna 7#a-b74 ,this horse-sacrifice1 the best of all sacrifices leading to the attainment of heaven1 which you have undertaken for destroying your sins1 is full of all desirable objects and approved by the ,brahmavadins4 ,the ,sruti says that ,ashwamedha is the best of sacrifices4 ,this great ,yajna1 which is of the shape of a boar with golden horns1 iron hoops and gait fleet like the mind1 which has profuse gold and is the origin of the universe1 is highly sacred4 ,by performing this sacrifice a man rides the sacrificial horse and gets over his sins4 ,the ,vipras1 well read in the ,vedas1 call this sacrificial horse fire4 ,as the order of a householder is the best of all ,ashramas1 as the ,brhmanas are the best of mankind1 as you are now the foremost of ,asuras1 so the horse-sacrifice is the best of all sacrifices4 ,vaishampyana said3--,hearing those words of the ,dwarf1 ,bali1 the king of ,daityas1 was highly pleased 7#c-h74 ,bali said3--,o foremost of the twice-born1 who art thou8 ,what dost thou want8 ,what shall ,i give thee8 ,may good betide thee4 ,do thou pray for thy wished-for object and thou shalt have it 7#i74 ,the ,dwarf said3--,o ,dnava1 ,i do not pray for kingdom1 conveyances1 jewels or women4 ,if you are pleased1 if you have your mind fixed on virtue1 ,i pray from you for ground covering three foot-steps for the construction of the sacrificial house of my preceptor4 ,grant me this which is the highest object ,i pray for 7#aj-aa74 ,bali said3--,o foremost of orators1 ,o best of ,brhmanas1 what object of yours will be accomplished with ground covering three foot-steps4 ,pray for ground measuring hundreds and thousands of feet 7#ab74 ,shukra said3--,o you of large arms1 ,o great ,asura1 do not promise him any gift2 you do not know him4 ,he is the ,great ,lord ,hari4 ,having assumed the form of a dwarf through his ,my he has come here to impose on you for the well-being of the king of gods4 ,the ,omnipotent ,lord can assume various forms 7#ac-ad74 ,thus addressed by ,shukra ,bali meditated for some time and then determining in his mind3 ,where shall ,i do get a worthier person than he he was filled with joy4 ,then holding up a golden grass he stood motionless there4 ,bali said3--,o foremost of ,vipras having lotus eyes1 sit down4 ,i stand here with my face towards the east4 ,accept my gift saying 'give4' ,what lands will you take8 ,what is the extent of your three feet8 ,i will give it4 ,take up water1 the words of your preceptor will not be falsified 7#ae-ag74 ,shukra said3--,o ,daitya-king1 do not make him any present4 ,forsooth ,i have come to know that he is ,vishnu4 ,what wonderful devotion6 ,you have been imposed upon4 ,bali said3--,i have not been deceived1 the ,lord himself1 ,vishnu has come to my sacrifice4 ,i shall give unto this god of gods whatever he will ask of me4 ,what worthier person can there be than ,vishnu to whom ,i may make a gift8 ,saying this ,bali at once took water 7#ah-bj74 ,the ,dwarf said3--,o sinless king of the ,dnavas1 the land1 covering my three foot-steps1 will be enough for me4 ,what ,i have said before is true4 ,it can never be otherwise 7#ba74 ,vaishampyana said3--,hearing those words of the highly effulgent ,dwarf1 ,virochana's son ,bali1 the king of ,daityas and the slayer of his enemies1 threw an antelope skin on his person4 ,and then saying 'let it be so' he touched a jar full of water4 ,desirous of destroying the ,asura king the ,dwarf too extended his hand destructive of ,daityas4 ,as the king of ,dnavas1 with his face towards east1 was about to give him water ,pralhda prevented him4 ,beholding the un-foreseen form of the ,great ,hari1 who was willing to steal the prosperity of the ,asuras1 the greatly wise ,pralhda said3--,do not give any thing unto this dwarfish ,brhmana4 ,it is he who formerly killed your great grandfather4 ,this greatly wise ,vishnu has come to impose on you 7#bb-bh74 ,bali said3--,it is indeed a matter of great joy that ,i will be able to make gifts unto this ,deity4 ,i have obtained as an object of my gifts who is the lord of the universe1 who shows such a favour and who is superior even to ,bramh4 ,o foremost of ,asuras1 one1 who has been initiated for sacrifice1 must make gifts4 ,having thus expressed himself in the midst of the ,asuras ,virochana's son ,bali granted the ,lord ,nryana land measuring three feet4 ,pralhada said3--,o king of ,dnavas1 do not promise to give anything unto this ,vipra4 ,i do not consider him a ,vipra youth4 ,a ,brhmana is not like it4 ,beholding his form ,i think forsooth that the ,man-lion has returned again4 ,thus addressed by ,pralhda of unlimited energy1 ,bali1 as if remonstrating with him1 said 7#bi-cd74 ,bali said3--,misfortune of the person who prays for alms and that of the ,asura who drives him away disappointed visit the latter4 ,the man1 who having made a promise unto a ,brhmana1 does not satisfy it that sinful wight goes to hell with his friends and kinsmen4 ,afraid of suffering from poverty ,i am making a present of this earth to him2 who is there a worthier ,brhmana than he8 ,while there is none superior to him1 ,i confer this earth to him4 ,seeing the twice-born one beg alms from me in the shape of a dwarf ,i have been highly pleased4 ,i will therefore make him a gift3 do not prevent me4 ,bali again said to that dwarfish ,brahmana3--,o you of little understanding1 what will you do with land covering three foot steps8 ,i will confer on you the entire earth surrounded by the oceans4 ,the dwarf said3--,o foremost of ,dnavas1 ,i do not pray for the entire earth4 ,i am satisfied with land covering three foot-steps4 ,this is what ,i like and pray for 7#ce-da74 ,vaishampyana said3--,having said ,so be it the ,danava-king ,bali made the ,lord ,nryana of unmeasured energy touch land covering three foot-steps4 ,when his hand fell into water the ,lord ,dwarf considered himself insulted and displayed his universal form4 ,the earth was his feet1 the sky was his head1 the sun and moon were his eyes1 the ,pishacas were the fingers of his feet and the ,guhyakas were the fingers of his hands4 ,the ,vishwadevas were on his thighs1 the ,sddhyas were on his knees and the ,devas and ,apsaras emanated from his nails4 ,lightning formed his vision1 the rays of the sun were his hairs1 the stars were the holes of the hairs of his body and the ,rishis were those hairs4 ,the two ,ashwinis were his two feet1 and the highly powerful ,vayu was his nose4 ,the contrary quarters were his arms and the quarters were his ears4 ,the moon was his delightfulness1 virtue was his mind1 truth was his speech1 the goddess ,saraswati was his tongue1 the great goddess ,aditi was his neck1 the effulgent sun was his throat1 the gate of heaven was his navel1 ,mitras and ,twastha were his two eye-brows1 fire was his mouth1 ,prajpati was his testes1 ,brahm was his heart1 and ,kashyapa was his organ of pro-creation4 ,vasava was his back and the ,maruts were his joints4 ,the ,vedas constituted his presence1 lustre was his effulgence1 ,rudra was his breast1 the great ocean was his patience1 the highly powerful ,gandhatvas and serpents were his belly1 ,lakshmi was his intelligence1 ,dhriti was his beauty1 learning was his waist1 and the seat of the soul was his fore-head4 ,all the luminous bodies formed his ascetic penance1 and the king of gods ,sakra was his energy1 on his breast and sides were the gods1 sacrifices ,ishti rites1 the works of the twice-born and beasts4 ,beholding that universal form of ,vishnu the great ,asuras were worked up with anger4 ,and like insects going to a fire they approached him 7#db-ef74 ,,chapter ,,xlvi4 ,,the ,,danavas ,,described4 ,vaishampyana said3--,hear now of the names1 forms1 accomplishments and the principal weapons of the ,dnavas4 ,viprachitti1 ,shivi1 ,shanku1 ,ayashanku1 ,ayasshir1 ,ashwashira1 the powerful ,hayagriv1 ,ketumn1 ,ugra1 ,syogra1 ,vyavra1 the great ,asura ,pushkara1 ,pushkala1 ,swashwa1 ,ashwapati1 ,prahda1 ,ashwashir1 ,kumbha1 ,sanglhda1 ,gaganaprya1 ,anuhrda1 ,harihara1 ,varha1 ,sanhara1 ,aruja1 ,vrishaparva1 ,virupaksha1 ,munindra1 ,chandralochana1 ,nishprabha1 ,suprahva1 ,nirudara1 ,ekavaktra1 ,mahvaktra ,dwivaktra1 ,sherasa1 ,sharabha1 ,kunatha1 ,kupatha1 ,kvatha1 ,mahagarbha1 ,shankukarna1 ,mahdhwani1 ,dirghajish1 ,arkavadana1 ,mriduchpa1 ,mriduprya1 ,vyu1 ,garistha1 ,namachi1 ,shamvara1 ,vikshar1 ,chandrahanta1 ,krodhahanta1 ,krodhavardhan1 ,klaka1 ,kalakaksha1 ,vitra1 ,krodhavimokshana1 ,garistha1 ,havistha1 ,pralamva1 ,naraka1 ,pritha1 ,indratapana1 ,vatpi1 ,ketumn1 ,asilom1 ,vitom1 ,vskala1 ,pramada1 ,mada1 ,shriglavavana1 ,keshi1 ,ekksha1 ,rahu1 ,tuhunda1 ,samala1 ,sripa--these and many other ,daityas appeared before the ,great ,vishnu who was about to place his feet 7#a-ab74 ,of them1 some took up nooses1 some had their mouths wide open1 some had the voice of asses1 some took up ,satghnis1 some discus in their hands1 some had thunder-bolts1 some rods1 some mortars1 some swords1 some ,pattias1 some ,parashwadhas1 some ,praas1 some clubs1 some ,parighas1 some huge stones and some ,pushalas in their hands4 ,some ,dnavas had trees in their hands1 some had bows1 some had clubs1 some had ,bhushundis1 and some shook there with daggers in their hands4 ,those dreadful and highly powerful ,dnavas1 dressed in various ways1 were armed with diverse weapons4 ,some had their mouths like those of tortoises1 some had like those of fowls1 some had like those of swans1 and some had like those of asses2 some were camel-mouthed1 some were boar-mouthed and some dreadful ,dnavas had mouths like ,makaras4 ,some had their faces like hares1 some like cats1 some like ,sukas1 some like cows1 some like deer1 some like ,garuda1 some like swords and some like peacocks2 some were horse-mouthed1 some were elephant-mouthed and some had faces like those of various other weapons4 ,they put on skins of elephant and antelope4 ,their persons were covered with bark4 ,some amongst them were adorned with gold4 ,the ,asuras put on crowns and wore ,kundalas2 they1 clad in various raiments1 were adorned with diverse garlands and pastes4 ,holding their burning weapons those ,dnavas and ,asuras approached ,hrishikesha who was about to place his feet4 ,the effulgence of the ,lord at that time1 who was about to conquer the three worlds1 was like that of the sun4 ,having smashed all the sons of ,diti with his palms and feet the omnipotent lord possessed the three worlds with his three foot-steps4 ,having assumed a huge form he first attacked the earth2 when he occupied the earth the sun and moon were in his heart4 ,when he occupied the sky they were in his waist and when he occupied the heaven they were on his knees 7#ac-bi74 ,the twice-born thus described the form of ,vishnu of incomparable prowess4 ,having conquered the three worlds and slain the leading ,asuras1 ,hari1 adored of the universe1 conferred the earth on ,indra the king of gods4 ,the powerful ,vishnu assigned to ,bali the region under the earth called ,sutala4 ,obtaining that region for his residence the foremost of ,asuras ,bali was pleased4 ,since then the king of ,asuras has been living in ,rastala4 ,living there the greatly effulgent ,bali engaged in great meditation4 ,the intelligent ,bali said to ,nryana1 adored of the universe ,o ,lord1 do thou command me particularly what ,i should do now4 ,thereupon ,vishnu1 the lord of celestials1 said to the ,daitya king ,bali 7#cj-ca74 ,vishnu said3--,o great ,asura1 ,i have been pleased with you2 ,i am ready to grant you a boon3 pray for it4 ,may good betide you4 ,do you pray for desired-for objects4 ,never under any circumstances disobey the words of ,sakra1 the king of gods4 ,this is my command to you4 ,if you obey it you will meet with your well-being4 ,o ,daitya1 the water1 your offered1 was taken by me in the cavity of my palm and therefore you have no fear anywhere from the gods4 ,along with all the ,daityas and your followers1 do you live by my favour in that part of the nether region which is called ,sutala4 ,remembering my mandate do not disregard the words of ,shakra of incomparable energy4 ,o great ,asura1 all the gods are worshipful unto you4 ,you will attain to all your desirable objects2 you will acquire many dresses both in this world and in the next4 ,and by my favour you will always reign supreme over the ,daityas4 ,you will enjoy various objects and celebrate sacrifices accompanied with gifts4 ,whenever you will transgress this my command the highly powerful serpents will bind you with their hoods4 ,you should always bow unto ,mahendra and other gods4 ,indra1 the king of gods1 is my elder brother2 you should therefore obey his command 7#ce-dd74 ,bali said3--,o great ,god1 ,o holder of conch-shell1 discus and club ,o ,god of gods1 ,o preceptor of the gods1 and ,asuras1 ,o king of gods1 ,o foremost of celestials1 what position will be mine when ,i will live in that nether region8 ,how shall ,i live there8 ,how will my fame be unbroken8 7#de-df74 ,the ,lord said3--,o foremost of ,daityas1 a ,srddha without a ,shrotrya1 study without vows1 sacrifice without presents1 ,homa without ,ritwikas1 gifts without reverence and impure ,havi1 these six portions will belong to you4 ,the virtue of those who are ill-disposed towards my votaries1 the virtue of persons who are engaged in buying and selling1 the virtue of ,agnihotras1 the virtue of those who make charities without reverence and the virtue of those who officiate as priests1 will be your share1 ,o king of ,daityas1 by my favour 7#dg-dh74 ,vaishampyana said3--,hearing the words of the high souled ,vishnu1 the foremost of ,asuras1 ,bali said ,so be it4 ,and carrying out the command of the ,deity1 he entered into the nether region4 ,in the meantime the ,divine ,vishnu1 adored by the gods1 made divisions of the kingdom4 ,he conferred the eastern quarter on the king of gods of incomparable prowess1 the southern quarter on the great ,yama the king of the departed manes1 the western quarter on the high-souled ,varuna1 and the northern quarter on ,kuvera1 the king of ,yakshas2 the region under the earth he gave to the king of ,ngas and the region above he conferred on ,soma4 ,having thus parcelled out the three worlds the highly powerful lord of celestials ,vishnu1 adored of the great saints1 repaired to the heavenly region4 ,after the departure of that irrepressible dwarf all the gods1 with the performer of hundred sacrifices before them1 were filled with joy 7#di-ef74 ,vaishampyana said3--,after ,krishna had departed having bound ,virochana's son ,bali with seven hooded serpents such as ,kampana1 ,ashwatara etc4 the celestial saint ,nrada1 of his own accord1 came to him who was stricken with pain in consequence thereof 7#eg-eh74 ,seeing him thus afflicted and filled with compassion he said to that king of ,dnavas3--,i will find out means for releasing you4 ,o king of ,daityas1 with a purified soul meditate on the god of gods ,vsudeva who is without beginning or end and who is eternal and undecaying2 with your mind devoted to him you will in no time acquire emancipation 7#ei-fa74 ,thereupon his soul purified and mind controlled ,virochana's son1 with folded hands1 learnt from ,nrada the means of attaining to emancipation 7#fb74 ,having learnt that celestial hymn sung by ,nrada the great ,asura ,bali began to recite the names of that ,great ,god by whom the ,earth was raised up 7#fc74 ,salutation unto the ,eternal and ,great ,lord without end4 ,salutation unto the lotus-navelled ,deity ,vishnu who lay on water4 ,assuming a body endued with the energies of seven forms thou dost invade the three worlds4 ,o lord1 thou art the death of ,kla4 ,do thou release me4 ,when the sky is divested of the sun and the moon1 when sacrifices and ascetic penances are on the wane1 do thou think of creating the universe again4 ,do thou release me by this thy power4 ,mrkandeya1 the foremost of the twice-born1 saw in thee ,brahm1 ,rudra1 ,indra1 ,vayu1 fire1 rivers1 serpents and mountains4 ,do thou release me4 ,in the previous ,kalpa ,mrkandeya ,muni entered into thy belly and saw the entire universe mobile and immobile4 ,do thou save me by this thy power4 ,resorting to thy ,yoga power supported by thy learning thou dost alone create the three worlds and again engage in ,yoga4 ,do thou save me by this thy power4 ,lying in water thou dost enjoy ,yoga sleep and again think of the creation4 ,do thou save me by this thy power4 ,assuming the form of a sacrificial boar thou didst formerly upraise the earth4 ,do thou save me by that power of thine4 ,raising up the earth with thy tusks thou didst ordain three ,pindas for the departed manes4 ,do thou save me by that power of thine4 ,afraid of ,hiranyaksha the celestials fled away4 ,thou didst however save them4 ,do thou by that power release me4 ,having assumed a form with a huge mouth thou didst cut off in battle ,hiranyaksha's head with thy discus4 ,do thou by that power save me4 ,with thy roaring formerly the ,daitya ,hiranyakshipu was killed with his head and bones smashed4 ,do thou1 by that power of thine1 save me4 ,formerly before the very eyes of ,brahm the ,vedas were pilfered by the two ,daityas4 ,but thou didst regain them however4 ,do thou save me by that power of thine4 ,assuming the form of ,hayashira thou didst slay the two ,dnavas1 ,madhu and ,kaitabha and return the ,vedas unto ,brahm4 ,do thou save me by that power of thine4 ,the ,devas1 ,dnavas1 ,gandharvas1 ,yakshas1 ,siddhas and ,uragas cannot see thy end4 ,do thou save me by this power4 ,thou didst beget a son by name ,apntaralm who explained the ,vedas4 ,do thou save me by this power4 ,o lord1 ,agnihotra and other ,vedic rites1 the sacrifices in honor of the ,pitris and ,havi are all thy mysteries4 ,do thou save me by that power of thine4 ,the ,rishi ,dirghatama was born blind on account of the imprecation of his preceptor4 ,by thy favour he regained his eye-sight2 by that power of thine do thou save me4 ,thou didst release thy poor votary elephant possessed by ,rahu4 ,thou art undecaying1 eternal1 devoted to ,brahman and thy votaries4 ,thou art the chastiser of those who wend evil ways4 ,do thou save me4 ,i bow unto conch-shell1 discus1 club1 quiver1 ,shrnga bow and ,garuda3 may they release me from my fetters4 ,thereupon conch shell1 discus1 club1 quiver1 ,shrnga and ,garuda propitiated the ,lord and requested him to release ,bali from his fetters 7#fd-hf74 ,thereupon pleased the ,lord ordered the king of birds ,garuda1 the destroyer of serpents1 saying ,release ,bali from the fetters4 ,thereupon flapping his wings ,garuda1 of incomparable prowess1 went to ,ptla where ,bali was bound by the serpents4 ,informed of the arrival of ,garuda1 the serpents1 releasing the great ,asura ,bali1 fled away to the city of ,bhagovati in fear of ,vinata's son4 ,garuda1 who used to eat up serpents1 said to ,bali1 who had lost his prosperity and released from the noose by ,krishna's favour who was meditating with his head hanging down4 ,garuda said3--,o you of large arms1 ,o king of ,dnavas1 the powerful ,vishnu has ordered you1 freed from fetters1 to live in ,ptla with your children and friends4 ,o ,dnava1 do not move away an inch from this place4 ,if you break this contract your head will be sundered into a hundred pieces 7#hg-ia74 ,hearing the words of that king of birds the ,dnava said3--,i am obeying the orders of that ,great ,one4 ,o king of birds let the ,lord make some arrangements for my livelihood so that ,i may live here happily ,hearing the words of ,bali ,garuda said3--,the ,lord has already made arrangements for your maintenance4 ,you will be entitled to the offerings of those sacrifices that are celebrated without priests and regulations by persons unacquainted with the means of penance4 ,the celestials do not partake of such offerings4 ,nourished by such sacrificial offerings you will live here happily 7#ib-if74 ,vaishampyana said3--,kashyapa's son ,vishnu1 the supporter of the three worlds1 sent this message to the large armed king of ,dnavas4 ,the man1 who reverentially recites this hymn destructive of all sins1 has his iniquities destroyed4 ,the destroyer of a cow is freed from the sin consequent thereon and the murderer of a ,brhmana is also freed from his sins4 ,a man1 having no son1 gets one4 ,a maiden acquires a husband after her heart 7#ig-ii74 ,a woman is soon freed from her labour pain and gives birth to a son4 ,kapila1 the founder of ,snkhya school and other ,rishis1 desirous of emancipation1 repaired1 freed from sins1 to the insular continent of ,shewta the seat of ,moksha1 by reciting this hymn4 ,this hymn grants all heavenly objects4 ,for sooth does a man acquire all desirable objects1 who1 rising up early in the morning and purifying himself1 reads it with a controlled mind4 ,this dwarf incarnation of the ,lord is recounted by ,vipras well read in the ,vedas as a glorious deed of ,vishnu4 ,the man1 who reverentially listens on every ,parva to the recitation of this heavenly theme of dwarf incarnation1 vanquishes all his enemies1 being a powerful king like the highly powerful ,vishnu himself4 ,he acquires also unsullied fame and immense riches and objects of enjoyment4 ,as the dwarf is the favourite so he becomes beloved of all4 ,his sons and grand-sons multiply1 enjoy freedom from diseases and are endowed with all accomplishments4 ,the ,lord ,janrddana is pleased with him who reads it3 and he obtains all desirable objects4 ,so has ,krishna ,dwaipyana said 7#ih-ajg74 ,,chapter ,,xlvii4 ,,the ,,fruits ,,of ,,the ,,recitation ,,of ,,the ,,bharata4 ,janamejaya said3--,o ,revered ,sir1 according to what rules the learned hear the ,bhrata8 ,what are the fruits thereof4 ,what gods should be worshipped when it is complete8 ,what charities should be made after every ,parva8 ,what sort of a reciter is desirable8 ,describe all this to me 7#a-b74 ,vaishampyana said3--,o king1 hear how the ,bhrata should be listened to and what are the fruits thereof4 ,hear1 ,o king1 ,i will answer your questions 7#c74 ,the gods1 living in the celestial region1 came down on earth for sporting4 ,having finished that work they returned to their own region4 ,hear with attention1 ,i will describe the origin of gods and ,rishis on earth4 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 ,rudras1 ,saddhyas1 ,vishwadevas1 ,adityas1 the two ,ashwinas1 the regents of the quarters1 the great saints1 ,guhyakas1 ,gandharvas1 ,ngas1 ,vidydharas1 ,sraddhya1 ,dharma1 ,brahm1 the ascetic ,katyyana1 the mountains1 oceans1 rivers1 ,apsaras1 the planets1 years1 the two courses of the sun1 seasons1 the mobile and immobile objects1 the gods and ,asuras are all seen simultaneously described in 7this history of7 ,bhrata4 ,by listening to their names and illustrious deeds a man is immediately freed from even dreadful sins4 ,if one duly and in order listens to this history1 if one1 controlling his senses and purifying his soul1 masters this ,bhrata1 he should then make charities to commemorate the occasion4 ,with reverence and according to his might he should make presents unto the ,brahmans of various jewels1 cows with bi-metallic vessels for milching them1 well adorned and accomplished maidens1 various conveyances and houses1 lands1 dresses1 gold1 horses1 beds carried by infuriated elephants1 vehicles1 and well furnished cars4 ,he should give away unto the twice-born whatever excellent and costly articles he has got in his house4 ,what more he should even give away his own self1 his wife and sons4 ,if one makes these gifts reverentially he can master the ,bhrata4 ,hear how a man1 according to his might1 acquires spiritual powers by being pleased1 of good spirits1 bent upon serving1 truthful1 simple1 self-controlled1 and reverential4 ,the one who will recite this ,bhrata1 must be endued with a pure character and conduct1 clad in a white raiment1 self-controlled1 initiated1 well versed in all scriptures1 respectful and divested of malice4 ,he must be truthful1 worthy of respect and discreet 7#d-bj74 ,he should read it with ease1 without delay or haste1 distinctly and with motion4 ,while reading he should distinctly pronounce words and letters4 ,he should read it with concentration and in good health and spirits4 ,the rule is that having saluted ,nryana1 the foremost of ,beings ,nara as also the goddess of learning ,saraswati one should recite the ,bhrata 7#bb-bc74 ,o great king of ,bharata's race1 if one observing regulations and purifying himself hears the ,bhrata from such a person he reaps the fruits 7thereof74 ,after hearing it from the very beginning to the end of ,harivamsha one should satisfy the ,brhmanas by giving them all they want4 ,the man who once hears it recited1 obtains the fruits of ,agnistoma sacrifice1 and acquires a vehicle filled with nymphs in the celestial region4 ,with great pleasure he repairs to ,dyuloka with the celestials4 ,if he hears it twice he obtains the fruits of the ,atirtra sacrifice1 drives celestial cars filled with all jewels1 wears celestial garlands and raiments1 enjoys heavenly scents and always lives in the land of gods armed with a heavenly coat of mail4 ,if he hears it thrice he obtains the fruits of ,dwdashha sacrifice4 ,and he lives like a god for a million of years in heaven4 ,if he hears it four times he obtains the fruits of ,vjapeya sacrifice4 ,if he hears it five times he obtains the double fruits and repairs to heaven4 ,seated with celestials on a car effulgent like the sun and burning fire1 he enjoys for a million of years in ,indra's palace in the celestial region4 ,by hearing it six times he enjoys fruits four times as much and by hearing it seven times he enjoys them three times as much4 ,and riding on a car coursing at will1 huge like the summit of mount ,kailasha1 consisting of seats made of emerald1 diamond and sapphire1 he ranges every where along with the ,apsaras like the second sun4 ,if one hears it eight times he obtains the fruits of a ,rjasuya sacrifice1 drives in a charming car drawn by horses like unto the rays of the moon and fleet like the mind and sees the faces1 more charming than the moon itself1 of beautiful damsels4 ,and lying asleep on the lap of celestial damsels he hears the tinkling sound of waist-chains and other ornaments4 ,if one hears it for nine times he obtains the fruits of the king of sacrifices1 ,vjimedha4 ,seated on a car filled with ,gandharvas and ,apsaras and windows made of gold1 and adorned with golden pillars and diamond seats1 wearing celestial garlands and raiments and pasted with sandal he enjoys in the company of gods in the celestial region4 ,by hearing it ten times and saluting the twice-born one drives in a car filled with ,gandharvas1 expert in singing and ,apsaras1 with the sound of a net-work of small bells1 adorned with flags and pennons1 jewelled seats1 diamond gates and surrounded with golden nets4 ,wearing a sunny1 crown adorned with golden ornaments1 celestial garlands and unguents he roams at large in the celestial region4 ,he possesses great prosperity by the favour of gods4 ,in this wise he lives for many years in the celestial region4 ,he thus enjoys for twenty-one thousand years the company of the ,gandharvas and the king of gods in his region encircled by celestial damsels2 he lives like an immortal in various lokas4 ,thereupon living gradually in the lunar region1 solar region1 and that of ,shiva he attains to ,vishnu's region4 ,o great king1 such is the case2 one should not discuss about it4 ,my preceptor has said that1 one should cherish reverence4 ,whatever one wishes for in his mind he should give it to the reciter4 ,he should make presents of elephants1 horses1 cars1 conveyances1 beasts of burden1 golden ,kundalas1 golden thread1 various raiments and scents4 ,he should be like a god and then he will attain to ,vishnu's region4 ,o king1 afterwards at the time of the recitation of the ,bhrata one should make presents unto ,brahmans at every ,parva4 ,i will describe them4 ,o king1 ,o foremost of ,bharata's descendants1 informed of birth1 country1 wealth1 greatness and virtuous conduct of a ,brhmana a ,kshatrya should first make him recite benedictory verses and then begin the work4 ,afterwards at the termination of the ,parva he should please the twice-born with presents proportionate to his might4 ,he should first duly give unto the reciter raiments and scents and then entertain him with sweet pudding4 ,at the time of the recitation of the ,astika ,parva he should first entertain the ,brhmanas with sweet meats and then make him presents4 ,while the ,sabh ,parva is recited he should entertain the ,brhmanas with vegetable dishes4 ,whilst the ,aranya ,parva is recited he should entertain them with fruits and roots4 ,whilst the ,aranya ,parva is recited he should present the ,brhmanas with jars full of water and entertain them with sweet and delicious fruits and roots grown in the forest and wholesome dishes4 ,whilst the ,virat ,parva is recited he should make presents of various raiments4 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 at the time of the recitation of the ,udyoga ,parva he should entertain the ,brahmans1 adorned with garlands and unguents1 with various wholesome and sweet dishes4 ,o king1 at the time of the recitation of the ,bhishma ,parva he should present the ,brhmanas with most excellent conveyances and entertain them with well cooked dishes endued with many virtues4 ,whilst the ,drona ,parva is recited he should feed the ,brhmanas to their fill and present them with bows1 arrows and swords4 ,whilst the ,karna ,parva is recited he should1 with a controlled mind1 entertain the ,brhmanas with various well cooked dishes 7#bd-fd74 ,whilst the ,shalya ,parva is recited one should offer wine1 molasses and various sweet dishes4 ,whilst the ,gada ,parva is recited one should offer food of barley and whilst ,stri ,parva is read out one should please the ,brhmanas with presents of jewels4 ,whilst ,aishi ,parva is recited one should offer first ,ghee and then well-cooked dishes4 ,whilst the ,shnti ,parva is recited one should entertain the ,brahmanas with vegetable dishes and whilst the ,ashramavsi ,parva is recited one should entertain the ,brahmans with vegetable dishes and whilst the ,aswamedha ,parva is recited one should entertain the ,brahman as with dishes after their own hearts4 ,whilst the ,moushala ,parva is recited one should make presents of garlands and unguents 7#fe-fi74 whilst the ,mahprasthna ,parva is recited one should make presents of the articles mentioned before4 ,and after the recitation of ,harivamsha is over one should feed thousand ,brhmanas and present each of them with a cow and a golden coin4 ,h a poor man cannot afford to do it he should do half as much4 ,after the termination of each ,parva a wise man should present to the reciter a book and a gold coin4 ,after the termination of the ,harivansha ,parva he should entertain the ,brhmanas with milk and rice 7#fe-gc74 ,at the end of every ,parva a person1 well read in ,shastras and honored by the good1 clad in a white rainment and adorned with nice ornaments1 should1 being self-controlled1 finish ,sanihitas4 ,and then covering them with a silken cloth he should place them in a holy place and adore them with garlands and scents4 ,he then distribute meat1 various articles1 drinks1 gold1 cows and raiments4 ,a self-controlled man should always distribute three tolas of gold4 ,an incapable man should give half or one fourth of it4 ,he should offer to the ,bramhanas various articles after his own heart4 ,with reverence he should propitiate the reciter like unto his own preceptor4 ,he should then recite the names of all the gods especially that of ,nara-,nryana4 ,thereupon having adorned the ,bramhanas with garlands and scents he should gratify them with various gifts4 ,by doing so a man obtains the fruit of the ,atirtra sacrifice at every ,parva 7#gd-hd74 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 a reciter1 who can distinctly read letters and words and has a sweet voice1 should recite the future section of the ,bhrata before the twice-born4 ,he should first feast the reciter well adorned and then the twice-born ones4 ,he should then adore the former4 ,if a reciter is pleased one enjoys eternal and most excellent bliss4 ,if the ,brhmanas are pleased all the gods are propitiated 7#he-hg74 ,o foremost of ,bharatas1 so the pious should duly and in order gratify the twice-born with gifts1 after their own hearts 7#hh74 ,o foremost of men1 ,i have thus described to you the rules4 ,i have answered all your questions1 therefore you should be respectful in this matter4 ,o great king1 he who wishes to acquire most excellent bliss1 should assiduously listen to the recitation of the ,bhrata and fulfill conditions at its completion4 ,one should daily listen to ,bhrata and recite it4 ,he1 who has ,bhrata in his house1 acquires victory4 ,the ,bhrata is highly sacred2 various episodes have been described in the ,bhrata4 ,the gods even read it4 ,bhrata is the most excellent refuge 7#hf-ib74 ,the ,bhrata is superior to all ,shstras1 ,through ,bhrata one can acquire ,moksha 7emancipation74 ,this is what ,i tell you4 ,if a man recites the great ,bhrata1 the names of the earth1 cow1 ,saraswati1 ,brhmana and ,keshava he does not meet with ruin4 ,o foremost of ,bhratas1 in the beginning1 middle and end of the ,vedas1 ,rmyana and ,mahbhrata ,hari has been described4 ,man1 wishing to acquire the great station1 should listen to the recitation of the glorious deeds of ,vishnu and ,srutis4 ,this great work is the cannon of religion and is endued with all virtues4 ,he who wishes to acquire lordly powers should hear it4 ,dwaipayana has said that one1 listening to ,harivamsha in this unreal world1 acquires all wished-for objects4 ,having finished a complete recitation of ,harivamsha one acquires the fruit yielded by thousands of ,aswamedha and hundreds of ,vajapeya sacrifices4 ,o ,vishnu1 thou art without birth and decay1 thou art the only ,one worthy of being meditated upon4 ,thou art gross and subtle and art beyond the reach of perception4 ,thou art ,saguna and ,nirguna4 ,only the ,yogins can comprehend thee through their knowledge4 ,thou art the preceptor of the three worlds and creator4 ,i seek refuge with thee4 ,may all tide over calamities1 may all meet with well-being1 and may all acquire their wished-for objects for the completion of the recitation of the ,bhrata 7#ic-aja74 ,,chapter ,,xlviii4 ,,the ,,fruits ,,of ,,the ,,recitation ,,of ,,harivamsha4 ,janamejaya said3--,o foremost of ,munis1 do you describe to me the fruits one can acquire by listening to ,harivamsha and what gifts he should make4 ,vaishampyana said3--,o foremost of ,bharatas1 if a man listens to ,harivamsha ,purana1 all his sins1 committed by body1 words and thought1 are dissipated like the dew on the rising of the sun4 ,forsooth does a ,vaishnava reap1 by listening to ,harivamsha1 the fruits yielded by the hearing of the eighteen ,puranas4 ,those1 who reverentially listen to one half or even one portion of a sloka of ,harivamsha1 attain to the dignity of ,vishnu4 ,in the ,kaliyuga living in the insular continent of ,jamvu the number of hearers will be limited4 ,women1 who wish to have sons1 should listen to ,vishnu's glorious deeds4 ,he1 who1 after hearing it1 wishes to acquire fruits1 should give1 to the reciter according to his might1 gold of the weight of three ,nishkas4 ,for his own well-being he should present the reciter with a ,kapila cow1 with a cloth1 its calf and golden horns4 ,o foremost of ,bhratas1 ornaments for the ear and hand yield special fruits4 ,o king1 you should give lands unto the ,bramhanas4 ,there is no other gift like it and there will be none 7#a-ag74 ,,the ,,end4