file :i* includes ! orig9al illu/rations4 ,see #faija-;h4htm or #faija-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/ca*e_/epub_/ #faija_/pg#faija-;images4html7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/files_/#faij a_/faija-;h4zip7 ,images ( ! orig9al pages are available ?r\gh ,int]net ,ar*ive4 ,see https3_/_/ar*ive4org_/details_/,the,myth ology,of,greece,and,rome ,transcrib]'s note3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74 ,text enclos$ by equal signs is 9 bold face 7bold74 ,greek & ,roman ,my?ology ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ec4--;,head ( ,niobe4 ,flor5ce4 ,,! ,,my?ology ,,( ,,greece ,,& ,,rome ,) ,special ,ref]5ce to ,its ,use 9 ,art ,edit$ by ,g4 ,h4 ,,bian*i1 ,m4,a4 ,late ,s*ol> ( ,/4 ,pet]',s ,college1 ,cambridge ,bro!rton ,sanskrit ,prizeman1 #ahge ,) ,sixty-f\r ,illu/rations ,new & ,revis$ ,edition ,london3 ,*apman & ,hall1 ,ld4 ,made & ,pr9t$ 9 ,great ,brita94 ,ri*>d ,clay ,sons1 ,limit$4 ,pr9t]s1 ,bungay1 ,suffolk4 ,illu/ration ,,preface4 ,no apology c be ne$$ = introduc+ to ! public a "w l ! pres5t4 ,!re has long be5 a want ( a book :i* %\ld1 9 a mod]ate compass1 give a cle> & readable acc\nt ( ^! leg5ds2 = ,diction>ies ( ,my?ology d n give a view ( ! subject z a :ole2 & ! price ( mo/ o!r works on ! ,greek & ,roman my?s w\ld prev5t _! be+ us$ z class-books4 ,^! consid]ations h l$ ! publi%]s to br+ out ?is book 9 an ,engli% dress4 ,if any %\ld be incl9$ to ask :at ,my?ology has to d ) m5 ( ! pres5t day1 ! reply is pla94 ,! works ( art 9 our gall]ies & museums require a c]ta9 am\nt ( k ( ! my?ology ( ! ,greeks & ,romans = ! full appreciation ( _! subjects4 ,!re is h>dly any lit]ature 9 ,europe :i* has n be5 m or less col\r$ by ^! leg5ds2 & 9 our own day _! p[] to inspire ! poet has by no means ceas$4 ,nay1 !y h incorporat$ !mselves into our v language3 8,h]culean /r5g?0 is almo/ z common an expression n[ z x 0 two ?\s& ye>s ago2 & we /ill talk ( 8*im]ical0 expectations1 describe a man z 8tantalis$10 & use ! ,sph9x z ! symbol ( ! my/]i\s4 ,! pres5t "w1 translat$ f ! ,g]man ( ,o4 ,seemann1 seems well adapt$ to convey a k ( ^! my?s4 ,x is illu/rat$ ) cuts aft] "s ( ! ma/]pieces ( anci5t & mod]n art4 ,p>ticul> att5tion has be5 paid to ?is bran* ( ! subject1 & ! pr9cipal works ( art 9 ea* case are m5tion$4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 ,greek & ,roman deities & h]oes has be5 pres]v$1 b ! conv5tional spell+ has be5 reta9$4 ,a full index is app5d$1 9 :i* ! quantities ( ! v[els are c>efully m>k$4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,,introduction4 ,i4 ,,subjects ,,( ,,greek ,,& ,,roman ,,my?ology #aa ,,ii4 ,,popul> ,,ideas ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,gods #ac ,,"p ,i4--,,cosmogony ,,& ,,!ogony #ag ,,"p ,,ii4--,,! ,,gods4 ,,! ,,gods ,,( ,,olympus4 ,a4--,,sup]ior ,,deities4 ,zeus 7,jupit]7 #bb ,h]a 7,juno7 #ca ,pallas ,a!ne 7,m9]va7 #cd ,apollo #dj ,artemis 7,diana7 #dh ,ares 7,m>s7 #ea ,aphrodite 7,v5us7 #ef ,h]mes 7,m]curius7 #fb ,heph/us 7,vulcanus7 #fh ,he/ia 7,ve/a7 #ga ,janus #gd ,quir9us #gg ,b4--,,second>y ,,deities4 #a4 ,att5dant & ,m9i/]+ ,deities-- ,eros 7,amor7 #gh ,! ,muses #hj ,! ,*>ites 7,grati7 #hc ,!mis & ! ,hor 7,seasons7 #hd ,nice 7,victoria7 #he ,iris #hf ,hebe 7,juv5tas7 #hg ,ganym$es #hh #b4 ,! ,ph5om5a ( ! ,heav5s-- ,helios 7,sol7 #hi ,sel5e 7,luna7 #ia ,eos 7,aurora7 #ib ,! ,/>s #ic ,! ,w9ds #ic #c4 ,gods ( ,bir? & ,heal+-- ,asclepius 7sculapius7 #id ,inf]ior ,deities ( ,bir? & ,heal+ #if #d4 ,deities ( ,fate-- ,! ,mr 7,p>c7 #ih ,nemesis1 ,ty*e 7,=tuna71 & ,aga?odmon 7,bonus ,ev5tus7 #ih ,,! ,,gods ,,( ,,! ,,sea ,,& ,,wat]s4 ,poseidon 7,neptunus7 #ajj ,amphitrite #ajd ,triton & ! ,tritons #aje ,pontus & 8 ,desc5dants-- ,n]eus & 8 ,daught]s #aje ,?aumas1 ,phorcys1 ,ceto #ajf ,proteus #ajg ,glaucus #ajg ,ino ,leuco!a1 & ,melic]tes #ajh ,! ,sir5s #aji ,! ,race ( ,oceanus #aji ,,! ,,gods ,,( ,,! ,,e>? ,,& ,,l[] ,,_w4 ,ga 7,tellus7 #aab ,rhea ,cybele 7,magna ,mat] ,ida7 #aac ,dionysus1 or ,bac*us 7,lib]7 #aad ,! ,nymphs #abc ,! ,satyrs #abe ,sil5us #abf ,greek & ,roman ,wood-,spirits-- ,pan #abh ,silvanus #aca ,faunus & ,fauna #aca ,priapus #acc ,saturnus & ,ops #acc ,v]tumnus & ,pomona #ace ,flora #acf ,pales #acf ,t]m9us #acg ,demet] 7,c]es7 #acg ,p]sephone 7,pros]p9a7 #adc ,hades 7,pluto7 #adf ,! ,l[] ,_w #adg ,! ,er9yes 7,furi7 #aej ,hecate #aec ,sleep & ,dea? #aed ,,roman ,,deities ,,( ,,! ,,h\se ,,& ,,family4 ,! ,p5ates #aef ,! ,l>es #aeg ,! ,l>v1 ,lemures1 & ,manes #aeh ,,"p ,,iii4--,,! ,,h]oes4 ,,introductory #aei ,,! ,,creation ,,& ,,primitive ,,condition ,,( ,,mank9d #afb ,,prov9cial ,,h]oic ,,leg5ds-- ,! ,lapi? & ! ,c5taurs #afe ,!ban ,leg5d-- ,cadmus #agj ,acton #aga ,amphion & ,ze?us #agb ,cor9?ian ,leg5d-- ,sisyphus #agi ,glaucus #ahj ,bell]ophon & ! ,leg5d ( ! ,amazons #ahj ,argive ,leg5d-- ,io #ahe ,danas & ! ,danads #ahf ,prtus & 8 ,daught]s #ahg ,p]seus #ahh ,! ,dioscuri #aid ,h]acles 7,h]cules7 #aig ,! ,bir? & ,y\? ( ,h]acles #aih ,h]acles 9 ! ,s]vice ( ,eury/heus #aii ,de$s ( ,h]acles aft] 8 ,s]vice #bjf ,dea? & ,apo!osis #baa ,h]acles z ,god #bab ,attic ,leg5d-- ,cecrops #bag ,ere*!us1 or ,eri*?onius #bah ,!seus #bai ,cretan ,leg5d-- ,m9os & ! ,m9otaur #bbg ,talos #bbi ,,comb9$ ,,und]tak+s ,,( ,,! ,,lat] ,,h]oic ,,age-- ,! ,calydonian ,hunt #bcj ,! ,argonauts #bcb ,! ,!ban ,cycle #bcg ,! ,trojan ,cycle #bda ,! ,h]oic ,races ( ! ,trojan ,w>-- ,! ,d>danid1 or ,race ( ,d>danus #bda ,! ,pelopid1 or ,race ( ,pelops #bdb ,! acid1 or ,race ( acus #bde ,ne/or1 ! ,locrian ,ajax1 ,diom$es1 & ,odysseus #bdg ,! ,w> #bdi ,! ,return #beg ,,my?ic ,,se]s ,,& ,,b>ds #bfb ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,,fig4 ,,page #a4 ,bu/ ( ,cronus4 ,vatican ,museum1 #bj #b4 ,cameo ( ,a!nion #ba #c4 ,zeus ( ,otricoli4 ,vatican ,museum1 #bg #d4 ,jupit] ,v]ospi4 ,vatican ,museum1 #bi #e4 ,co9s ( ,elis ) ,phidias' ,zeus4 7,aft] ,ov]beck47 #cj #f4 ,b>b]9i ,juno4 ,vatican ,museum1 #cb #g4 ,head ( ,h]a1 p]haps aft] ,polycletus4 ,naples1 #cc #h4 ,pallas ,giu/9iani4 ,vatican1 #ch #i4 ,a!ne ,polias4 ,villa ,albani1 #ci #aj4 ,pallas ,a!ne4 ,naples1 #dj #aa4 ,apollo ,belv$]e4 ,vatican1 #dd #ab4 ,head ( ,apollo ,belv$]e1 #de #ac4 ,apollo ,ci?>dus4 ,muni*1 #dg #ad4 ,diana ( ,v]sailles1 #ej #ae4 ,m>s ,ludovisi1 #ee #af4 ,bu/ ( ,ares4 ,sculpture ,gall]y at ,muni*1 #ef #ag4 ,v5us ( ,milo4 ,l\vre1 #fj #ah4 ,v5us ,g5etrix4 ,villa ,borghese1 #fa #ai4 ,re/+ ,h]mes4 ,bronze ,/atue at ,naples1 #ff #bj4 ,/atue ( ,h]mes4 ,capitol9e ,collection1 #fg #ba4 ,heph/us4 ,bronze ,figure 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 #gj #bb4 ,ve/a ,giu/9iani4 ,torlonia ,collection1 #gd #bc4 ,head ( ,eros4 ,vatican1 #gh #bd4 ,eros try+ 8 ,b[4 ,capitol9e ,museum1 #gi #be4 ,polyhymnia4 ,b]l9 ,museum1 #hj #bf4 ,melpom5e4 ,vatican1 #ha #bg4 ,eut]pe4 ,vatican1 #hb #bh4 ,! ,hor4 ,relief f ! ,villa ,albani1 #he #bi4 ,victoria4 ,unit$ ,collections 9 ,muni*1 #hf #cj4 ,hebe4 ,f ,antonio ,canova1 #hh #ca4 ,ganym$es & ! ,eagle4 ,f ,?orwalds51 #hi #cb4 ,asclepius4 ,b]l91 #ie #cc4 ,head ( ,asclepius4 ,briti% ,museum1 #if #cd4 ,night & ! ,fates4 ,f ,c>/5s1 #ig #ce4 ,poseidon4 ,dolce ,gem1 #ajc #cf4 ,dionysus & ,lion4 ,f ! ,monum5t ( ,lysicrates1 #aaf #cg4 ,! s-call$ ,s>danapalus 9 ! ,vatican1 #aai #ch4 ,y\?ful ,dionysus4 ,f ! ,*ateau ,ri*elieu1 n[ 9 ! ,l\vre1 #abj #ci4 ,m>ble ,head ( ,y\?ful ,dionysus at ,leyd51 #aba #dj4 ,sleep+ ,ariadne4 ,vatican1 #abb #da4 ,danneck]'s ,ariadne4 ,frank=t-on-!-,ma91 #abc #db4 ,head ( ,satyr4 ,muni* ,sculpture ,gall]y1 #abf #dc4 ,pan4 ,f a ,mural ,pa9t+ at ,h]culaneum1 #acj #dd4 ,demet] ,en?ron$4 ,pa9t+ f ,pompeii4 ,naples1 #adb #de4 ,p]sephone ,en?ron$4 ,pa9t+ f ,pompeii4 ,naples1 #ade #df4 ,head ( ,hades4 ,palazzo ,*igi4 ,rome1 #adg #dg4 ,?ree-=m$ ,hecate4 ,capitol9e ,museum1 #aed #dh4 ,metope ( ! ,p>!non1 #aff #di4 ,f ! ,frieze ( ! ,temple at ,bass #afg #ej4 ,c5taur tea*+ a boy to play ^u ! ,pipe4 ,relief by ,kundmann1 #afi #ea4 ,acton4 ,gr\p4 ,briti% ,museum1 #agb #eb4 ,f>nese ,bull4 ,naples1 #agd #ec4 ,head ( ,niobe4 ,flor5ce1 ,frontispiece4 #ed4 ,niobe4 ,flor5ce1 #agh #ee4 ,amazon4 ,b]l91 #ahc #ef4 ,p]seus & ,&rom$a4 ,m>ble ,relief 9 ! ,museum at ,naples1 #aib #eg4 ,rondan9i ,m$usa4 ,muni*1 #aic #eh4 ,f>nese ,h]cules1 #bae #ei4 ,elg9 ,!seus4 ,briti% ,museum1 #bbe #fj4 ,!seus ,lift+ ! ,rock4 ,relief 9 ! ,villa ,albani1 #bbf #fa4 ,laocon4 ,gr\p1 #bee #fb4 ,priam be=e ,a*illes4 ,relief by ,?orwalds51 #bfj #fc4 ,rape ( ,hel54 ,campana ,collection4 ,p>is1 #bfa #fd4 ,orpheus & ,eurydice4 ,m>ble ,relief 9 ! ,villa ,albani1 #bfc ,illu/ration ,,greek ,,& ,,roman ,,my?ology4 ,,introduction4 ,i4--,,subjects ,,( ,,greek ,,& ,,roman ,,my?ology4 ,my?s may be describ$ z poetic n>ratives ( ! bir?1 life1 & actions ( ! old hea!n gods & h]oes or demigods4 ,bo? my? & leg5d#a are di/+ui%$ f ! 8,mhr*510 or popul> tale1 by n be+1 l ! latt]1 a m]e product ( ! imag9ation1 b always be+ f\nd$ on "s prec$+ reality1 :e!r t be an (t-recurr+ phase ( nature1 or a di/9ct & real occurr5ce4 ,x is (t5 mo/ difficult to recognise ) any precision ! true g]m ( a my?1 on acc\nt ( ! num]\s additions & alt]ations made by ! poets4 ,& !re=e ! "q1 :e!r a p>ticul> tradition be a my? or n1 is v h>d to answ]3 on "o side we are tempt$ to view1 9 ! god or demigod1 ! h]o ( a tribe magnifi$ to sup]human proportions by ! admiration ( po/]ity2 &1 on ! o!r side1 comp>ison ( ! leg5ds ( diff]5t families ( nations po9ts u to ! op]ations ( nature1 n only 9 ! demigod or ! h]o1 b 9 ! animals ( fable & ! traditions ( ! nurs]y4 ,footnote #a3 ,! ,g]man ^w 8sage0 7leg5d7 is really only a translation ( ! ,greek ^w 8my?os10 & is (t5 us$ 9 t s5se4 ,b lately ! cu/om has tacitly sprung up ( employ+ ! t]m 8my?os0 :5 speak+ ( ! life or actions ( ! gods1 & 8sage0 :5 speak+ ( ^? ( h]oes4 ,a l>ge proportion ( ^! my?s are due to m5's obs]vations ( ,nature1 & h] v>i\s active & creative =ces1 :i* appe>$ to _! lively ,s\!rn fancy z manife/ations ( s+le sup]natural be+s4 ,^! 7 reg>d$1 n[ z fri5dly1 n[ z ho/ile1 to man2 & m5 !re=e /rove z eag]ly to ga9 _! fav\r z to appease _! wra?4 ,( ! appe>ance ( ! deities :o ?us manife/$ !mselves 9 ! work+s ( nature1 m5 necess>ily =m$ at fir/ v crude & fanta/ic ideas4 ,b lat]1 :5 m5 em]g$ f ! simple conditions ( ! e>ly patri>*al epo*1 & began to dwell 9 regul> political communities1 !y gradually ceas$ to reg>d ! gods z m]e p]sonifications ( natural =ces4 ,!y began to reg>d !m z be+s act+ 9 accordance ) un*angeable moral laws1 & end[$ ) =ms simil> to ^? ( m5 7,an?ropomorphism74 ,!y br\ght ! gods into connection ) ea* o!r by means ( g5ealogies 9 a great measure artificial1 & built up a va/ political sy/em1 :i* has its c5tre 9 ,zeus1 ! 8fa!r ( gods & m540 ,/range to say1 h[ev]1 x 0 only among ! ,greeks t ?is sy/em ( developm5t prevail$4 ,! nations ( ,italy /ill cont9u$ to reg>d _! gods z m]e natural =ces--t look$ d[n on !m 9 a cold1 /range fa%ion--( ^: =m & mode ( life !y _h no cle> idea4 ,x 0 only lat]1 :5 ! ,romans came into intellectual contact ) _! ,greek neighb\rs1 & began to /udy _! language & lit]ature1 t !y adopt$ ! popul> ,greek conceptions conc]n+ ! gods4 ,!y n[ transf]r$ exi/+ my?s1 & fa!r$ !m on ^? ( _! own gods & goddesses :o bore ! close/ resemblance to ! ,greek div9ities1 & h>monis$ be/ ) _! natural int]pretation4 ,?us x 0 t ! ,roman ,jupit] 0 id5tifi$ ) ! ,greek ,zeus1 ,juno ) ,h]a1 ,m9]va ) ,a!ne2 ?\gh = peculi> deities1 su* z ,janus1 !y c\ld f9d no ,greek prototype4 ,,ii4--,,popul> ,,ideas ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,gods4 ,we le>n mo/ conc]n+ ! conceptions ! anci5ts =m$ ( _! gods f ! num]\s ,greek & ,roman poets ^: works h come d[n to u1 & :o contribut$ s l>gely to ! con/ruction ( ! my?s4 ,fir/1 bo? 9 antiquity & importance1 are ! poems attribut$ to ,hom]1 9 :i* we f9d ! :ole political sy/em ( ,olympus1 ) ,zeus at its head1 already con/ruct$4 ,h5ce=? ! gods1 9 outw>d appe>ance at lea/1 are end[$ ) =ms entirely human2 m gr& & beautiful & maje/ic1 b /ill n v]g+ on ! mon/r\s or fanta/ic4 ,n only 9 beauty & gr&eur1 b also 9 /r5g? & vig\r1 d ! gods surpass m54 ,let b ,zeus %ake 8 ambrosial locks1 & ! :ole ( ,olympus trembles4 ,! o!r deities are also end[$ 9 proportion ) great /r5g?4 ,z corporeal1 inde$1 !y are limit$ 9 reg>d to space1 & _c !re=e be omnipres5t2 b ?is re/riction affects !m f> less ?an mortals1 = !y c compass ! greate/ di/ances at lightn+ spe$4 ,9 a mom5t ,a!ne drops f ! heights ( ,olympus d[n to ,i?aca2 & ,poseidon1 ! ocean-god1 passes 9 ?ree or f\r /eps f ,samo?race to g 9 ,euba4 ,moreov]1 ! gods c see & he> at a mu* great] di/ance ?an m54 ,9 reg>d to he>+1 inde$1 !y seem to h unlimit$ p[]s4 ,pray]s asc5d to !m f e place1 irrespective ( _! p]sonal pres5ce4 ,9 ! same mann] ,zeus1 f 8 high ?rone 9 ,olympus1 sees all t passes among m51 &1 sitt+ on ! highe/ summit ( ,m\nt ,ida1 he c foll[ all ! ev5ts ( ! battle t rages be=e ,troy4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! gods are subject to ! same bodily wants z m54 ,!y refre% !mselves 9 ! same way ) sleep1 & h to support !mselves ) food & dr9k4 ,"h aga91 h[ev]1 !y are f> less fett]$ ?an mortals1 = !y c hold out mu* long] )\t satisfy+ ^! wants4 ,nor is _! food s co>se z t ( m52 !y live on ambrosia & nect>4 ,ano!r natural necessity is clo?+1 on ! ta/eful ord]+ ( :i* ! goddesses ev5 be/[ extraord9>y c>e1 & 9 ?is1 z 9 _m o!r respects1 greatly resemble ! daught]s ( ,eve4 ,al?\gh lat] art delights 9 repres5t+ "s ( ! deities ei!r slightly clo!d or q nak$1 yet we _c ju/ly conclude f ?is t ! popul> belief ( ! anci5ts conceiv$ ?us ( ^? gods4 ,gods end[$ ) frames l ^? ( mortals mu/ necess>ily be born 9 ! same way1 & develope gradually bo? 9 m9d & body4 ,b "h1 aga91 ev]y?+ proce$s ) ! utmo/ rapidity4 ,= in/ance1 ! new-born ,h]mes rises f 8 cradle to /eal ! cattle ( ,apollo1 &1 com+ into ! _w 9 ! morn+1 he is f\nd 9 ! aft]noon play+ on ! lyre1 :i* he has himself inv5t$4 ,! mo/ important po9t1 h[ev]1 9 :i* !y surpass mortals is t1 :5 once 9 full possession ( bodily & intellectual p[]s1 !y nev] gr[ old1 b rema9 ev] "y & beautiful1 ev] free f disease & dea?4 ,comp>$ ) ! race ( m51 :o are subject to ne$ & pa91 !y are ! 8happy10 8bless$0 gods1 ! gods 8:o live at ease10 :o c readily gratify e desire4 ,b ?is does n by any means prev5t _! suff]+ occasionally f ! pangs ( sorr[ & grief2 !y are vuln]able alike 9 body & s\l1 & expos$ to e k9d ( pa9ful s5sation4 ,s completely did ! ,greeks subject _! gods to human passions4 ,z reg>ds m5tal qualifications !y are naturally f> sup]ior to m54 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !y /& high] morally2 !y %un all t is evil1 impure1 & unju/1 & visit ) puni%m5t ! impiety & inju/ice ( man4 ,?is1 aga91 does n prev5t _! giv+ way to e description ( vice & folly1 su* z deceit1 ly+1 hatr$1 cruelty1 jeal\sy1 c4 ,!y are f> f holy1 !re=e1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* we speak ( ! ,supreme ,be+4 ,/ill less are !y conceiv$ z omnisci5t or omnipot5t4 ,_! p[]s inde$ are great1 & s is _! k4 ,!y are able to int]rupt ! c\rse ( nature--to s5d sudd5 /orms1 pe/il5ces1 & o!r evils--to end[ !mselves or o!rs ) any =ms !y l1 & to d _m o!r ?+s1 ( :i* we read 9 fairy tales4 ,b ev5 ,zeus1 to :om a f> great] measure ( p[] is accord$ ?an to o!r gods1 & on ^: w ! gov]nm5t ( ! univ]se dep5ds1 is himself subject$ to ! immutable decrees ( fate2 :il/ ! possibility ( deceiv+ & dup+ him is by no means exclud$4 ,:]e !n are we to seek = ! explanation ( ^! app>5t inconsi/5cies8 ,we h already said t ! active & creative =ces ( ,nature 7 p]sonifi$ by ! imag9ation ( m54 ,let u take "o ( ! fir/ conceptions likely to spr+ up--t ( ! love ( ! heav5 = ! e>?1 f :i* all nature is born4 ,diff]5t names w be us$ 9 diff]5t localities2 m5 w at la/ =get t !y all once meant ! same1 & out ( ! simple p]sonification w spr+ a s]ies ( div9e m>riages2 or if "o be recognis$ by ! :ole nation z ! wife1 ! o!r brides w s9k into mi/resses4 ,s ) ! ev]la/+ w> ( ! sun ) ! cl\ds2 we %all n only f9d sev]al gods ( ! light 9 ,greece1 b almo/ e tribe _h a p>ticul> h]o1 ^: great de$s we %all g5]ally f9d to be ^? ( ! sun4 ,yet 9 ! mid/ ( all ?is confusion1 m5 _h a feel+ t !re 0 some?+ above !m bett] & holi] ?an !y1 to :i* t :i* is good & holy alone 0 pleas+4 ,?is idea 0 m & m atta*$ to ,zeus himself1 z ! notion grew t ,zeus 0 ! supreme god1 ! k+ ( heav54 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,"p ,i4--,,cosmogony ,,& ,,!ogony4 ,by ,cosmogony1 we und]/& ! leg5ds relat+ to ! creation ( ! _w2 by ,!ogony1 ^? relat+ to ! orig9 ( ! gods4 ,on bo? po9ts we h to deal ) ! ,greeks alone1 s9ce ! ,romans nev] indulg$ 9 any rese>*es ( ?is k9d4 ,all t _! poets h to say on ! subject is1 )\t exception1 borr[$ f ! ,greeks4 ,accord+ to ! common acc\nt ! _w 0 =m$ out ( ,*aos4 ,by ?is1 h[ev]1 we mu/ n und]/& a huge & %apeless mass1 b m]ely d>k1 unb\nd$ space4 ,! acc\nts ( ! poets v>y v mat]ially z to h[ ! _w proce$$ f ,*aos4 ,! mo/ popul> view is t accord+ to :i* ,ga or ,ge 7! e>?7 fir/ issu$ f ,*aos2 :]eupon ,t>t>us 7! abyss b5ea? ! e>?7 imm$iately sev]$ itself1 & ,eros 7! love t =ms & b9ds all ?+s7 sprang into exi/5ce4 ,ga !n begot ( h]self ,uranus 7heav571 ! m\nta9s1 & ,pontus 7! sea74 ,! fir/ gods :o peopl$ ?is new _w 7 begott5 ( ! e>? p>tly by ,uranus & p>tly by ,pontus4 ,f h] union ) ,uranus sprang ! ,titans1 ! ,cyclopes1 & ! ,c5timanes2 f h] union ) ,pontus v>i\s sea-deities4 #a4 ,! race ( ,uranus4 ,accord+ to ,hesiod !re 7 twelve ,titans3 six males--,oceanus1 ,cu1 ,crius1 ,hyp]ion1 ,iapetus1 & ,cronus2 & six females--,?ia1 ,rhea1 ,!mis1 ,mnemosyne1 ,phbe1 & ,te?ys4 ,! int]pretation ( ^! div9ities is some:at difficult1 b !y d\btless repres5t$ ! elem5t>y =ces ( nature4 ,! ,cyclopes 7 ?ree 9 numb]--,brontes 7?und]71 ,/]opes 7lightn+71 & ,arges 7%eet-lightn+73 ^!1 we c cle>ly see1 ref] to ! ph5om5a ( ! /orm4 ,! ,c5timanes 7hundr$-h&$71 aga91 are ?ree 9 numb]--,cottus1 ,bri>eus1 & ,gyes4 ,^!1 too1 repres5t de/ructive =ces ( nature--p]haps ! e>?quake1 ! tempe/u\s sea1 & ! /orm-w9d4 #b4 ,! race ( ,pontus4 ,by ,pontus ,ga became ! "m ( ! fabul\s sea-deities--,n]eus1 ,?aumas1 ,phorcys1 ,ceto1 & ,eurybia4 ,^!1 aga91 _h num]\s desc5dants4 ,n]eus repres5ts ! sea 9 its quiet /ate3 we %all h to speak ( him & 8 daught]s lat] on4 ,?aumas repres5ts to u ! maje/y ( ! sea4 ,he is ! fa!r ( ,iris 7! ra9b[71 & ( ! ,h>pies 7/orm-w9ds74 ,la/ly1 ,phorcys & ,ceto1 f ^: union ! frightful ,gorgons & ,gr proce$$1 typify all ! dang]s & t]rors ( ! sea4 ,_m m>riages also took place among ! ,titans !mselves4 ,! num]\s sea-nymphs are desc5d$ f ,oceanus & ,te?ys2 f ,hyp]ion & ,?ia come ! deities ( ! light--,helios 7sun71 ,sel5e 7moon71 & ,eos 7dawn72 f ,cu & ,phbe ! deities ( ! night--,leto 7d>k night7 & ,a/]ia 7/>ry night74 ,! mo/ important ( all ! ,titans1 h[ev]1 are ,cronus & ,rhea1 :o pave ! way = ! univ]sal dom9ion ( _! son ,zeus4 ,uranus1 fe>+ le/ 8 la/-born sons1 ! p[]ful ,cyclopes & ,c5timanes1 might "o day seize 8 p[]1 buri$ !m directly aft] bir? 9 ! deep abyss b5ea? ! e>?4 ,?is displeas$ ,ga1 _! "m1 :o !reupon prompt$ ! ,titans to conspire aga9/ _! fa!r1 & induc$ ,cronus1 ! y\nge/ & brave/ ( !m1 to lay viol5t h&s on ,uranus4 ,uranus 0 mutilat$1 ca/ into *a9s1 & compell$ by 8 sons to abdicate 8 sov]eignty1 :i* n[ pass$ to ,cronus4 ,b ,cronus 0 n long de/9$ to enjoy ! fruits ( 8 crime4 ,! curse ( ,uranus1 :o prophesi$ t he w\ld suff] a l fate at ! h&s ( 8 own son1 0 fulfill$4 ,s anxi\s 0 he to av]t su* a cata/rophe1 t he swall[$ 8 *ildr5 imm$iately aft] _! bir?4 ,five _h already suff]$ ?is fate--,he/ia1 ,demet]1 ,h]a1 ,hades1 & ,poseidon4 ,b _! "m ,rhea1 griev$ at _! lot1 det]m9$ to rescue h] next son1 ,zeus1 by a /ratagem4 ,9 ! place ( h] *ild1 %e gave to h] suspici\s & cruel husb& a /one wrapp$ 9 swaddl+ clo!s1 :i* he swall[$ )\t fur!r exam9ation4 ,zeus1 :o 0 ?us rescu$1 0 re>$ by ! nymphs 9 a grotto on ,m\nt ,dicte1 9 ,crete4 ,! %e-goat ,amal!a s]v$ z 8 nurse1 :il/ ! bees br\ght him honey to eat4 ,9 ord] t ! cries ( ! *ild might n betray 8 pres5ce to 8 suspici\s fa!r1 ! ,curetes1 or att5dant prie/s ( ,rhea1 dr[n$ 8 voice 9 ! cla%+ ( _! weapons4 ,zeus rema9$ ?us hidd5 until he _h become a mighty ?\gh y\?ful god4 ,he !n attack$ & ov]?rew 8 fa!r ,cronus1 :om he also compell$1 by means ( a device ( ,ga1 to br+ =? ! *ildr5 t he _h dev\r$4 ,"o "p ( ! ,titans--,oceanus1 ,!mis1 ,mnemosyne1 & ,hyp]ion--submitt$ )\t hesitation to ! dom9ion ( ! new rul] ( ! _w4 ,! o!rs1 h[ev]1 refus$ allegiance2 b ,zeus1 aft] a conte/ ( t5 ye>s1 ov]?rew !m1 ) ! help ( ! ,cyclopes & ,c5timanes4 ,z a puni%m5t1 !y 7 ca/ into ,t>t>us1 :i* 0 !n clos$ by ,poseidon ) braz5 gates4 ,!ssaly1 ! l& :i* be>s ! cle>e/ traces ( natural convulsions1 0 suppos$ to h be5 ! sc5e ( ?is mighty w>4 ,zeus & 8 adh]5ts f\ght f ,olympus2 ! ,titans f ! opposite m\nta9 ( ,o?rys4 ,comp>ison ( ! leg5ds ( o!r nations does n %[ u any su* elaborate g5ealogy4 ,zeus has 8 c\nt]p>ts almo/ ev]y:]e1 & ,uranus himself appe>s 9 ,india2 b ,cronus1 9 ! s5se ( ! fa!r ( ,zeus1 is probably traceable to ! common epi!t ( ,zeus1 ,cronion1 :i* 0 assum$ 9 lat] times to be a patronymic4 ,x 0 natural to d$uce f ! idea t "o p[] ( nature sprang f ano!r1 ! expression t ! god ( ! fir/ p[] 0 ! *ild ( ! god ( ! second2 x w\ld p]haps be m correct to say t x 0 ! same ?+ to ! e>ly races ( m54 ,z to ! w>s1 :i* 7 s great a /umbl+-block to ! ,greek philosoph]s1 we may notice t ! supreme god mu/1 ( c\rse1 h be5 ! son ( a supreme god2 & yet1 if 8 pr$ecessor 7 supreme1 mu/ h dispossess$ him4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4--;,bu/ ( ,cronus4 ,vatican ,museum4 ,! ,titans1 n be+ actually objects ( wor%ip1 7 n frequ5tly repres5t$ 9 anci5t art4 ,cronus is ! only exception1 :i* may be expla9$ by ! fact t ! ,romans id5tifi$ him ) _! own ,saturn1 or h>ve/-god4 ,he is g5]ally depict$ ) a sev]e & gloomy expression ( c\nt5ance1 ! back ( 8 head be+ veil$1 z a symbol ( 8 res]v$ "*4 ,9 ! ,vatican ,museum at ,rome !re is a bu/ ( ?is k9d 9 good pres]vation1 an engrav+ ( :i* we give 7,fig4 #a74 ,aft] 8 victory ov] ! ,titans1 ,zeus %>$ ! empire ( ! _w ) 8 two bro!rs1 ,poseidon & ,hades4 ,! =m] he made rul] ( ! ocean & wat]s2 ! latt] he set ov] ! inf]nal regions2 ev]y?+ else he reta9$ = himself4 ,?is new ord] ( ?+s1 h[ev]1 0 by no means securely e/abli%$4 ,! res5tm5t ( ,ga l$ h] to produce ) ,t>t>us1 h] y\nge/ & mo/ p[]ful son1 ! giant ,typhoeus1 a mon/] ) a hundr$ fire-brea?+ dragons' heads1 :om %e s5t to ov]?r[ ! dom9ion ( ,zeus4 ,a great battle took place1 :i* %ook heav5 & e>?4 ,zeus1 by means ( 8 nev]-ceas+ ?und]bolts1 at l5g? ov]came ,typhoeus1 & ca/ him into ,t>t>us1 or1 accord+ to lat] writ]s 7,p9d> & ,virgil71 buri$ him b5ea? ,m\nt tna 9 ,sicily1 :5ce at times he /ill brea!s out fire & flames t[>d heav54 ,"s poets tell ( ano!r rebellion1 t ( ! ,giants1 aga9/ ! dom9ion ( ,zeus4 ,^! are said to h sprung f ! drops ( blood :i* fell on ! e>? f ! mutilat$ body ( ,uranus4 ,f ! pla9s ( ,phlegra1 9 ,!ssaly1 !y s\ght to /orm ,olympus by pil+ ,pelion on ,ossa4 ,b aft] a bloody battle1 9 :i* all ! gods took "p1 ! two 7 conqu]$1 & s5t to %>e ! fate ( ! vanqui%$ ,titans4 ,! dom9ion ( ,zeus 0 n[ securely e/abli%$1 & no ho/ile attack ev] aft] di/urb$ ! peaceful ease ( ! inhabitants ( ,olympus4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4--;,cameo ( ,a!nion4 ,! e>ly hi/ory ( ,zeus1 z well z 8 conte/s = ! empire ( ! univ]se1 commonly call$ ! ,giganto-ma*ia1 0 a fav\rite subject ) ,greek art4 ,9 ! m anci5t ( ^! works ! ,giants d n diff]1 ei!r 9 =m or appe>ance1 f ! ,gods & ,h]oes4 ,9 lat] works !y are repres5t$ ) ! bodies ( dragons1 only ! upp] portion ( ! body be+ human4 ,!y appe> ?us on ! celebrat$ cameo ( ! ,naples ,museum1 :]e ,zeus1 9 8 *>iot drawn by f\r fi]y horses1 is 9 ! act ( *>g+ !m 7,fig4 #b74 ,illu/ration ,,"p ,,ii4--,,! ,,gods4 ,i4--,,! ,,gods ,,( ,,olympus4 ,a4--,,sup]ior ,,deities4 #a4 ,zeus 7,jupit]74--,*ief ( ! cele/ial deities is ,zeus1 call$ by ! ,romans ,jupit]1 ! controll] & rul] ( ! univ]se4 ,z be+ ! god ( heav5 p> excell5ce1 ! 8,skyfa!r10 he is to bo? nations ! s\rce ( all life 9 nature1 & f 8 graci\s h& are %$ bless+ & abundance4 ,all ! ph5om5a ( ! air 7 suppos$ to proce$ f him4 ,he ga!rs & disp]ses ! cl\ds1 ca/s =? 8 lightn+1 /irs up 8 ?und]1 s5ds d[n ra91 hail1 sn[1 & f]tilis+ dew on ! e>?4 ,) 8 gis--an imp5etrable %ield hung ) a hundr$ gold5 tassels1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* ! fe>ful head ( ! ,gorgon is fa/5$--he produces /orm & tempe/4 ,! gis1 ?\gh (t5 mean+ %ield1 is prop]ly a goat-sk9 fa/5$ to & support+ ! true %ield2 lat] x appe>s z a %ort cloak1 & ev5 z a brea/plate1 cov]$ ) scales1 & fr+$ ) s]p5ts4 ,x is n (t5 f\nd 9 repres5tations ( ,zeus2 ?\gh a /atue ( him at ,leyd5 %[s x1 & 9 a cameo he is se5 ) x wrapp$ ar\nd 8 left arm3 simil>ly x 0 common to wrap ! *lamys or sc>f r\nd ! left arm1 = purposes ( def5ce4 ,! gis usually belongs to ,a!ne1 :o borr[s x f h] fa!r 9 ! ,iliad4 ,%e is se5 we>+ x 9 ,fig4 #i4 ,9 ?is ^w we probably see a confusion ( two ideas1 diff]5t1 ?\gh ( simil> orig92 f ! same root t gives u ! 8spr++0 goat we h ! /orm-cl\d 8toss$0 ov] ! sky4 ,! anci5ts1 h[ev]1 7 n cont5t to reg>d ,zeus m]ely z a p]sonification ( ,nature2 !y reg>d$ him also f an e?ical /&po9t1 f :i* side he appe>s f> m important & awful4 ,!y saw 9 him a p]sonification1 s to speak1 ( t pr9ciple ( undeviat+ ord] & h>mony :i* p]vades bo? ! physical & moral _w4 ,! /rict unalt]able laws by :i* he rules ! community ( ! gods =m a /rong contra/ to ! caprici\s comm&s ( 8 fa!r ,cronus4 ,h5ce ,zeus is reg>d$ z ! protector & def5d] ( all political ord]4 ,f him ! k+s ( ! e>? receive _! sov]eignty & rights2 to him !y are responsible = a consci5ti\s fulfilm5t ( _! duties4 ,^? among !m :o unju/ly exce$ _! p[]s & p]v]t ju/ice he nev] fails to puni%4 ,zeus1 moreov]1 also presides ov] c\ncils & assemblies1 keeps wat* ov] _! ord]ly c\rse1 & sugge/s to !m wise c\nsels4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important props ( political society is ! oa?2 & accord+ly1 z ,zeus ,horkios 71 deus fidius ( ! ,romans71 he wat*es ov] oa?s1 & puni%es p]jury4 ,he also wat*es ov] b\nd>ies1 & accompanies ! y\?s ( ! l& z !y m>* to ! def5ce ( _! c\ntry's bord]s1 giv+ !m ! victory ov] ! invad]s4 ,all civil & political communities enjoy 8 protection2 b he p>ticul>ly wat*es ov] t association :i* is ! basis ( ! political fabric--! family4 ,! head ( e h\sehold 0 !re=e1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 ! prie/ ( ,zeus4 ,x 0 he :o pres5t$ ! (f]+s to ! god 9 ! "n ( ! family4 ,at 8 alt>1 :i* g5]ally /ood 9 ! middle ( ! c\rt 79 small h\seholds ?is 0 repres5t$ by ! he>?71 all /rang]s1 fugitives1 & suppliants f\nd %elt]4 ,z ,zeus ,x5ius 7hospitalis7 he protects ! w&]]1 & puni%es ^? :o violate ! anci5t laws ( hospitality by m]cilessly turn+ ! helpless /rang] f _! door4 ,! sup]/ition ( e>ly times saw 9 all ! ph5om5a ( ! heav5s manife/ations ( ! div9e w4 ,?us ! *ief deity ( heav5 0 naturally reg>d$ z ! highe/ s\rce ( inspiration1 & 0 believ$ to reveal 8 w to m5 9 ! ?und]1 ! lightn+1 ! flight ( birds1 or dreams4 ,z ! supreme oracul> deity1 ,zeus n only _h an oracle ( 8 own at ,dodona 9 ,epirus1 :i* 0 ! mo/ anci5t 9 ,greece1 b also reveal$ ! future by ! m\? ( 8 fav\rite son ,apollo4 ,?\gh he possess$ no prop] oracle among ! ,romans1 yet ! latt] look$ ) all ! m c>e & anxiety on ! ph5om5a ( ! air & sky1 ! "r int]pretation ( :i* =m$ a special & difficult bran* ( k4 ,zeus 0 ! e>lie/ national god ( ! ,greeks4 ,8 wor%ip ext5d$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ,greece1 ?\gh "s ( 8 %r9es _h a special importance4 ,! mo/ anci5t ( !m 0 t at ,dodona1 :]e ! ,pelasgian ,zeus 0 wor%ipp$ at a "t prior to ! exi/5ce ( any temples 9 ,greece4 ,he 0 "h repres5t$ 9 ! celebrat$ =m ( ! sacr$ oak1 9 ! ru/l+ ( ^: bran*es ! deity reveal$ himself to ! fai?ful4 ,he 0 also wor%ipp$ on ! summit ( ,m\nt ,tom>us1 at ! foot ( :i* lay ,dodona--m\nta9-tops be+ naturally ! e>lie/ seats ( 8 wor%ip4 ,b all ! e>li] %r9es 7 ov]%ad[$ by ! great national seat ( ! wor%ip ( ,hell5ic ,zeus at ,olympia1 on ! nor!rn banks ( ! riv] ,alpheus1 9 ,elis1 :]e ! r5[n$ ,olympian games 7 celebrat$4 ,! magnific5t /atue ( ,zeus1 by ,phidias1 0 an additional inducem5t to devotees1 :o flock$ ?i!r f e qu>t]4 ,nei!r 0 ! wor%ip ( ,jupit] any less ext5sive 9 ,italy4 ,! mo/ r5[n$ ( all 8 %r9es 0 und\bt$ly ! temple erect$ by ,t>qu9 on ! ,capitol at ,rome4 ,?is1 aft] be+ ne>ly de/roy$ by fire 9 ! "t ( ,sulla1 0 re/or$ to m ?an its pri/9e spl5d\r4 ,! orig9al e>!n image 0 replac$ by a /atue ( gold & ivory1 ! "w ( ! ,greek arti/ ,apollonius1 aft] ! model ( ! ,olympian ,zeus4 ,be=e proce$+ to discuss ! god z he appe>s 9 art1 we mu/ take a glance at 8 num]\s family4 ,! my?ology ( ! ,greeks /&s 9 notori\s contra/ to t ( ! ,romans1 9 attribut+ to ,zeus a great numb] ( mortal z well z immortal sp\ses1 & an unusually num]\s po/]ity4 ,"h we mu/ rem>k t1 9 spite ( ! occasional jokes ( ! comic poets on ! num]\s am\rs ( ! god1 & ! consequ5t jeal\sy ( ,h]a1 !re 0 no?+ f>!r f ! int5tion ( ! ,greeks ?an to repres5t ! supreme deity ( heav5 z a s5sual & lascivi\s be+4 ,! explanation lies p>tly 9 ! great numb] ( contemporane\s local =ms ( wor%ip t exi/$ indep5d5tly ( ea* o!r1 & p>tly 9 ! fact t ! lively fancy ( ! ,greek pictur$ e new production "u ! guise ( procreation4 ,9 t "p ( my?ology :i* tea*es ! g5ealogy ( ! gods1 ! e>lie/ wife ( ,zeus 0 ,metis 7prud5ce71 ! daught] ( ,oceanus4 ,zeus dev\r$ h]1 fe>+ le/ %e %\ld be> a son1 :o w\ld deprive him ( ! empire x _h co/ him s mu* to atta94 ,x 0 soon aft] ?is t he produc$ ,pallas ,a!ne f 8 own head4 ,8 second goddess-wife 0 ,!mis1 "o ( ! ,titans1 by :om he became ! fa!r ( ! ,hor & ! ,mr 7,fates74 ,dione appe>s z ! wife ( ,zeus ( ,dodona1 & ! "m ( ,aphrodite2 :il/ ,arcadian ,zeus 0 w$d$ to ,maia1 by :om he _h ,h]mes4 ,by ,demet] 7,c]es7 he became ! fa!r ( ,p]sephone 7,pros]p9e1 goddess ( vegetation72 by ,eurynome1 a daught] ( ,oceanus1 ( ! ,*>ites 7,graces72 by ,mnemosyne1 ( ! ,muses2 by ,leto 7,latona71 ( ,apollo & ,artemis4 ,! y\nge/ ( all 8 div9e wives1 :o 0 recognis$ by lat] my?ology z 8 only legitimate que51 0 8 si/] ,h]a4 ,by h] he became ! fa!r ( ,ares 7,m>s71 ,heph/us 7,vulcan71 & ,hebe4 ,among 8 mortal mi/resses ! mo/ celebrat$ is ,semele1 ! daught] ( ,cadmus1 k+ ( ,!bes1 & "m ( ,dionysus4 ,! o!rs--,l$a1 ,dana1 ,alcm5e1 ,europa1 & ,io--w be m5tion$ h]eaft]4 ,! my?ology ( ! ,romans1 z we h already rem>k$1 fir/ depict$ ,jupit] z devoid ( all family ties4 ,x 0 only aft] _! religion _h be5 ,hell5is$ t m5 t]m$ him ! son ( ,saturn & ,ops1 made ,juno 8 wife & ,m9]va 8 daught]4 ,/atues ( ,zeus 7 necess>ily v num]\s1 bo? f ! great ext5t ( 8 wor%ip & ! great numb] ( 8 temples t exi/$ 9 ,greece4 ,( all ^! ! mo/ r5[n$ 0 ! magnific5t /atue ( ,zeus at ,olympia1 ! "w ( ! ,a!nian sculptor ,phidias 7#ejj-dcb ,b4,c474 ,! figure 0 seat$ on a l(ty ?rone1 & 0 m ?an #dj feet high4 ,x 0 made ( gold & ivory1 or m probably a /atue ( wood 0 ov]laid ) plates ( ivory & gold4 ,! uncov]$ p>ts--! face1 ?roat1 brea/1 & h&s--7 ( ivory4 ,9 8 "r h& 0 a figure ( ,victory1 also ( gold & ivory2 9 8 left 0 a royal sceptre1 on ! top ( :i* p]*$ an eagle4 ,! num]\s l5g?y descriptions t exi/ c give u b a fa9t idea ( ! l(ty maje/y t ! sculptor diffus$ ov] ! c\nt5ance ( ! god4 ,! object ( ,phidias 0 to repres5t him to mank9d1 n only z ! omnipot5t rul] ( ,olympus1 f> sup]ior to all gods & m51 bo? 9 p[] & wisdom2 b also z ! graci\s fa!r ( all1 & ! k9dly disp5s] ( all good gifts4 ,! hair1 :i* rose /raight f ! br[1 & !n fell 9 equal divisions on ei!r side1 imp>t$ to ! face a lion-l expression ( consci\s p[]4 ,?is 0 r5d]$ /ill m effective by ! high =ehead & /rongly-=m$ nose4 ,at ! same "t1 ! expression ( ! slightly-op5$ lips l5t an idea ( k9dly b5evol5ce4 ,! /ory goes t ,phidias1 aft] complet+ ! /atue1 pray$ ( ! god a sign t he 0 well pleas$ ) 8 "w4 ,zeus !reupon caus$ a fla% ( lightn+ to desc5d ?r\gh ! op5 ro( ( ! temple1 & ?us ackn[l$g$ 8 own image4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4--,zeus ( ,otricoli4 ,vatican ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4--;,jupit] ,v]ospi4 ,vatican ,museum4 ,?is sublime ma/]piece ( ,phidias1 :i* 0 reckon$ among ! sev5 wond]s ( ! _w1 cont9u$ 9 exi/5ce1 ?\gh n )\t injury1 = upw>ds ( #hjj ye>s4 ,x appe>s to h be5 de/roy$ by fire 9 ! "t ( ,!odosius ,,iii4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4--;,co9s ( ,elis ) ,phidias' ,zeus4 7,aft] ,ov]beck47 ,! foll[+ are ! mo/ important ( ! exi/+ /atues ( ,zeus by ,greek & ,roman sculptors4 ,! fir/ 9 po9t ( arti/ic wor? is a bu/ ( ,zeus1 9 ,c>r>a m>ble--n[ 9 ! ,vatican ,museum at ,rome--:i* 0 discov]$ 9 ! la/ c5tury at ,otricoli 7,fig4 #c74 ,! union ( s]5e maje/y & b5evol5ce is ! *ief feature 9 ! sublime c\nt5ance4 ,next comes a colossal /atue 9 m>ble1 kn[n z ! ,jupit] ( ,v]ospi1 also 9 ! ,vatican ,museum 7,fig4 #d74 ,la/ly1 !re is a bu/ ( ,zeus1 discov]$ at ,pompeii1 & n[ 9 ! ,museum at ,naples1 besides an equally beautiful bronze /atue 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 f\nd at ,p>amy?ia 9 ,epirus4 ,on comp>+ all ! extant art monum5ts ( ,zeus1 we may ga!r t ! object ( anci5t art 0 to pres5t him especially z ! b5ign rul] ( ! univ]se1 sitt+ en?ron$ 9 consci\s maje/y & blissful ease on ! heights ( ,olympus4 ,8 *>act]i/ic features are ! clu/]+ hair1 fall+ l a mane on ei!r side ( 8 f9e ar*$ br[1 & ! ri* wavy be>d4 ,8 attributes consi/ ( ! sceptre1 z a symbol ( 8 sov]eignty2 ! ?und]bolt2 ! eagle2 ! votive b[l1 z a symbol ( 8 wor%ip2 ! ball b5ea? or ne> 8 seat1 z a symbol ( ! univ]se he rules2 &1 la/ly1 a figure ( ,victory4 ,8 head is sometimes adorn$ ) a g>l& ( oak-leaves1 ! oak be+ sacr$ to him2 & sometimes ) an olive-bran* or pla9 b&1 ! latt] be+ a m>k ( sov]eignty4 ,9 ,fig4 #e we give an engrav+ ( two co9s ( ,elis1 "o ( :i* is 9 ! ,flor5t9e & ! o!r 9 ! ,p>is ,museum4 #b4 ,h]a 7,juno74--,h]a1 accord+ to ,hom]1 0 ! elde/ ( ! daught]s ( ,cronus & ,rhea4 ,%e is ! fem99e c\nt]p>t ( ,zeus1 h] bro!r & husb&4 ,%e repres5ts ! air or atmosph]e2 = :i* reason %e1 l ,zeus1 0 suppos$ to control ! ph5om5a ( ! air & sky1 &1 z que5 ( heav51 %>$ ) him all ! hon\rs ( 8 position4 ,h] conjugal relations to ,zeus1 :i* =m ! sub/ance ( all ! my?s t ref] to h]1 af=d$ ! poets a ri* & productive mat]ial = s]i\s & sportive poetry4 ,!y sang ( ! solemn m>riage ( ,zeus & ,h]a1 ! remembrance ( :i* 0 celebrat$ at spr+tide ) fe/ive (f]+s & m>riage rites be=e ! %r9e ( ! goddess4 ,nei!r did !y fail to tell ( ! conjugal /rife ( ! royal pair1 & ( ! cruel fate :i* ov]took ! mortal wom5 :o enjoy$ ! fav\rs ( ,zeus4 ,x 0 ?us t jeal\sy & cont5tion became ! lead+ features 9 ! "* ( ! goddess2 :]eas1 bo? 9 h] wor%ip & 9 ! repres5tations ( arti/s1 %e appe>s z a graci\s & k9dly deity1 ! especial protectress ( h] own sex4 ,! natural signification ( ,h]a appe>s to h quickly disappe>$ among ! ,greeks1 & %e seems to h be5 *iefly hon\r$ z ! gu>dian ( ! m>riage tie4 ,! nobl5ess ( ! woman :o pres]ves inviolate ! sanctity ( ?is bond f9ds 9 h] its mo/ sublime expression4 ,z ! special patroness ( m>riage1 %e 0 suppos$ to wat* ov] its sanctity1 to v\*safe ! bless+ ( *ildr51 & to protect wom5 9 *ildbir?4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4--;,b>b]9i ,juno4 ,vatican ,museum4 ,! wor%ip ( ,h]a 0 orig9ally n v ext5sive4 ,! cradle ( h] wor%ip 0 ,argos1 on :i* acc\nt %e is (t5 t]m$ ,argive4 ,argos1 ,myc51 & ,sp>ta are po9t$ out 9 ! "t ( ,hom] z h] fav\rite t[ns4 ,h] wor%ip naturally ext5d$ z h] new "* ( goddess ( m>riage became m prom95t4 ,9 ,botia & ,euba h] wor%ip 0 v anci5t1 b h] *ief %r9e 0 ! ,h]um1 betwe5 ,argos & ,myc54 ,"h 0 a mo/ magnific5t /atue ( ! goddess1 made ( ivory & gold1 ! "w ( ! ,sicyonian arti/1 ,polycletus4#b ,footnote #b3 ,polycletus1 a native ( ,sicyon1 0 a sculptor1 ar*itect1 & ca/] 9 bronze4 ,he 0 a contempor>y ( ,phidias1 &1 next to him1 ! mo/ celebrat$ arti/ ( antiquity4 ,juno 7prop]ly ,jov9o7 takes ! same place z goddess ( *ildbir? & patroness ( m>riage among ! ,romans z ,h]a did among ! ,greeks4 ,9 addition to ?is %e 0 v5]at$1 "u ! "n ( ,juno ,reg9a1 z ! tutel>y deity ( ! city & empire ( ,rome4 ,h] *ief %r9e 0 on ! ,capitol1 :]e %e _h a sep>ate *apel 9 ! temple ( ,jupit]4 ,! ,matronalia1 ! *ief fe/ival ( ! goddess1 0 celebrat$ on ! fir/ day ( ,m>*1 :5 all ! matrons ( ! city m>*$ 9 procession to h] temple on ! ,esquil9e1 & !re (f]$ h] fl[]s & libations4 ,! victims usually sacrific$ to ,juno 7 "y heif]s3 h] sacr$ birds 7 ! goose & ! cr[1 to :i* ! peacock ( ! ,greek ,h]a 0 aft]w>ds add$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4--;,head ( ,h]a1 p]haps aft] ,polycletus4 ,naples4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ ( ! art monum5ts t relate to ,juno is ! ,juno ,ludovisi1 a colossal m>ble bu/ ( rem>kable beauty1 :i*1 ?anks to ca/s & photographs1 is tol]ably well kn[n4 ,h] l(ty & comm&+ c\nt5ance is ! ideal ( p]fect womanly beauty1 comb9+ 9 a r>e degree woman's *ief ornam5ts--dignity & grace4 ,aft] ?is comes ! ,juno ,b>b]9i ( ! ,vatican ,museum1 an entire & upright figure ( great size 7,fig4 #f71 di/+ui%$ by ! admirable drap+ ( ! g>m5ts4 ,! ,f>nese ,juno1 n[ 9 ! ,naples ,museum1 also des]ves m5tion4 ,9 ! same museum !re is a s+ul>ly beautiful head ( ,h]a 7,fig4 #g71 :i* p]haps lays claim to reflect ! conception ( ,polycletus4 ,! *>act]i/ic features ( ,juno are a some:at prom95t *91 express+ unb5d+ det]m9ation ( w2 some:at curl+ lips1 well-def9$ no/rils1 l>ge full eyes1 & a high & noble =ehead4 ,! attributes ( ! goddess consi/ ( ! sceptre & diadem1 significant ( h] p[]2 ! veil 7(t5 omitt$ 9 ! /atues ( lat] arti/s71 z a symbol ( ! m>ri$ woman2 ! votive b[l 9 ! h&1 ! pomegranate z a symbol ( love1 & ! peacock or goose at h] feet1 also at times ! cuckoo1 z h]ald ( spr+4 #c4 ,pallas ,a!ne 7,m9]va74--,! acc\nts :i* ! ,greeks gave ( ! bir? ( ,pallas v>y consid]ably4 ,! mo/ common is t :i* has be5 already m5tion$4 ,accord+ to ?is1 ,zeus produc$ h] f 8 head1 :i* he _h ord]$ ,heph/us to cleave op54 ,! great goddess ( w>1 9 full arm\r1 ) pois$ spe>1 !n sprang =? f h] fa!r's head1 *ant+ a w>-song1 :il/ a mighty commotion bo? on sea & l& ann\nc$ ! great ev5t to ! _w4 ,9 h] physical "* ,pallas appe>s z ! goddess ( ! dawn4 ,! bir? ( ! dawn f ! =ehead ( ! sky is n only a natural idea1 b "o :i* c be trac$ 9 ! leg5ds ( o!r nations4 ,sev]al ( ! o!r /ories ( h] bir? are connect$ ) ! "n ,tritog5ia1 ! daught] ( ,tritos1 a god1 ^: "n1 ?\gh n actually f\nd 9 ,greek my?ology1 may be trac$ 9 ,amphitrite1 ,triton1 & ! ,lake ,tritonis4 ,?is "n1 :i* orig9ally express$ ! bir? ( ! dawn f ! wat]1 0 aft]w>ds expla9$ 9 v>i\s ways1 & ! fir/ "p 0 ev5 d]iv$ f a prov9cial ,greek ^w mean+ head4 ,look$ at f h] e?ical side1 %e appe>s z ! goddess ( wisdom1 a reflection & p]sonification ( t pr(\nd wisdom & sagacity ) :i* ,fa!r ,zeus controls ! de/9ies ( ! _w4 ,h5ce we may easily ga!r ! o!r features ( h] "*4 ,%e is1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! protectress ( /ates2 & all t _! welf>e requires 9 peace or w> proce$s f h]4 ,?us %e appe>s z goddess ( peace z well z w>4 ,9 ! latt] capacity %e accompanies ! army on its m>*1 inspires ! soldi]s ) ard\r = ! fray1 & rew>ds !m ) victory & ri* spoils2 %e also af=ds h] mighty protection to t[ns & cities at home4 ,9 ,hom] %e figures1 besides1 z ! k9dly guide & protectress ( individual h]oes1 su* z ,odysseus1 ,a*illes1 ,diom$es4 ,x 0 %e :o fir/ taught mank9d to manage ! horse1 & to build %ips & *>iots2 %e also inv5t$ ! w>-trumpet & flute4 ,z goddess ( w> %e usually we>s1 besides helmet1 %ield1 & spe>1 ! dreadful gis4 ,! latt]1 9 art monum5ts1 is repres5t$ z a brea/plate cov]$ ) dragon's scales1 & surr\nd$ ) s]p5ts1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* is ! dreadful head ( ,m$usa1 :i* has ! effect ( turn+ e "o t looks on x into /one4 ,z goddess ( peace1 ,a!ne is equally lavi% 9 bless+4 ,ev]y?+ necess>y ei!r to ! physical or intellectual welf>e ( mank9d 0 believ$ to proce$ f h]1 & to be subject to h] influ5ce4 ,accord+ly1 useful inv5tions ( all k9ds are ascrib$ to h]4 ,x 0 %e :o fir/ gave m5 ! rake & ! pl\gh2 x 0 %e :o inv5t$ ! di/aff & loom1 z well z ! art ( dye+ wov5 /uffs1 & _m o!r fem99e accompli%m5ts4 ,by lat] writ]s ?is skill 9 art is ext5d$ to o!r ?+s1 & %e is repres5t$ z ! patroness ( e bran* ( sci5ce1 art1 & manufacture4 ,%e is also call$ ,a!ne ,hygiea1 because %e 0 believ$ to s5d pure atmosph]e1 to w>d (f pe/il5ce1 & to promote ! gr[? & heal? ( ! y\? ( ! l&4 ,we _c wond]1 !re=e1 t ! wor%ip ( a goddess s b5evol5t1 & ex]cis+ su* an important influ5ce on human life1 0 v ext5sive 9 ,greece4 ,n[h]e did %e receive a high] degree ( v5]ation ?an at ,a!ns1 ( :i* city %e 0 really ! tutel>y deity4 ,h] mo/ important %r9e 0 ! ,p>!non 7temple ( ! virg9 goddess71 :i* 0 erect$ by ,p]icles on ! ,acropolis1 & ! rema9s ( :i*1 ev5 9 ! pres5t day1 excite ! wond] & admiration ( ! _w4 ,! :ole l& ( ,attica 01 inde$1 9 a c]ta9 measure1 ! peculi> prop]ty ( ! goddess1 :i* %e won aft] h] well-kn[n conte/ ) ,poseidon4 ,zeus _h decre$ ! sov]eignty ov] ,attica to t deity :o %\ld be/[ on ! l& ! mo/ useful pres5t4 ,poseidon !reupon creat$ ! horse2 b ,a!ne caus$ ! olive-tree to gr[1 & 0 ?us held to h won ! victory4 ,! sacr$ olive-tree1 :i* 0 ?us call$ into exi/5ce1 0 %[n 9 ! ,temple ( ,ere*!us on ! ,acropolis1 & possess$ su* a wond]ful vitality t1 :5 ! ,p]sians burnt x aft] captur+ ! t[n1 x imm$iately put =? a fre% %oot4 ,argos & ,cor9? 7 also r5[n$ seats ( ! wor%ip ( ,pallas ,a!ne2 & %e also enjoy$ ! highe/ v5]ation 9 ,sp>ta1 ,botia1 ,!ssaly1 ,arcadia1 & ,rhodes4 ,! ,roman ,m9]va1 ^: "n 0 d]iv$ f a root mean+ 8to ?9k10 0 ,hell5is$ at a v e>ly p]iod1 & id5tifi$ ) ! ,greek ,pallas4 ,9 ,rome1 h[ev]1 ! w>like "* ( ! goddess 0 completely m]g$ 9 t ( ! peaceful inv5tress & patroness ( ! art & sci5ces1 & ( all h&iwork ( wom54 ,%e 0 "h wor%ipp$1 9 company ) ,jupit] & ,juno1 z ! tutel>y deity ( ! city & empire1 & _h1 9 consequ5ce1 h] own %r9e 9 ! temple ( ,jupit] ,capitol9us4 ,%e also _h temples on ! ,av5t9e & ,clian hills1 to :i* a ?ird 0 add$ by ,pompey1 9 #fa ,b4,c41 9 ! ,campus ,m>tius4 ,fe/ivals ( ! goddess4--,! ,pana!na1 ! *ief fe/ival ( ! ,greek ,pallas1 7 celebrat$ ) great pomp e f\r ye>s4 ,a solemn procession pass$ ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,a!ns up to ! ,acropolis2 & an (f]+ 0 made to ! goddess 9 ! %ape ( a co/ly g>m5t 7peplus71 arti/ically embroid]$ by ! ,a!nian maid5s4 ,horse races1 a?letic & musical conte/s1 took place at ! same "t4 ,ano!r fe/ival ( less importance1 call$ ! ,less] ,pana!na1 0 celebrat$ e ye> at ,a!ns 9 hon\r ( ! goddess4 ,at ,rome ! *ief fe/ival ( ,m9]va1 ! ,qu9quatrus ,majores1 0 held on ! #ai? ( ,m>*1 & 01 9 lat] times1 ext5d$ to five days4 ,x 0 especially obs]v$ by all engag$ 9 intellectual pursuits1 & by arti/s & artisans4 ,z ,m9]va 0 also patroness ( s*ools1 ! s*oolboys also took "p 9 ! celebration1 & enjoy$ a welcome holiday4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4--,pallas ,giu/9iani4 ,vatican4 ,! virg9 goddess 0 at all times a fav\rite subject ) anci5t art4 ,ev5 9 ! e>lie/ times1 be=e ca/+ 9 bronze or m>ble sculpture 0 kn[n1 :ile ! images ( ! gods 7 z yet rudely c>v$ 9 wood1 ,pallas 0 a frequ5t subject ( del9eation4 ,^! wood5 images usually repres5t$ ! goddess z /&+ upright ) pois$ spe> 9 front ( ! battle1 & 7 !n call$ ,palladia4 ,m5 delight$ to believe !m to h fall5 f heav51 & to be a sure means ( protection aga9/ ho/ile attack4 ,:5 ,greek art 0 9 its prime1 ! fir/ ma/]s vi$ ) ea* o!r 9 ! repres5tation ( ! goddess4 ,phidias outdid !m all 9 8 r5[n$ /atue ( ,a!ne ,p>!nos1 :i* /ood 9 ! temple on ! ,acropolis4 ,! figure 0 #ci feet high1 & 0 con/ruct$ ( ivory & gold4 ,its maje/ic beauty naturally =m$ "o ( ! *ief attractions ( ! magnific5t temple4 ,x disappe>$1 )\t leav+ any clue beh9d x1 dur+ ! /ormy p]iod ( ! invasion ( ! nomadic tribes4 ,9 proce$+ to give an acc\nt ( ! mo/ important exi/+ /atues ( ! goddess1 we mu/ fir/ m5tion a magnific5t m>ble bu/ :i* ,k+ ,ludwig ,i4 ( ,bav>ia procur$ = ! ,muni* collection1 & :i* 0 =m]ly 9 ! ,villa ,albani1 at ,rome4 ,! goddess "h we>s a tight-fitt+ helmet1 ! top ( :i* is decorat$ ) a s]p5t1 ! emblem ( wisdom4 ,h] brea/plate1 :i* is bord]$ ) s]p5ts1 falls l a cape ov] h] %\ld]s1 & is fa/5$ 9 ! middle by ! ,gorgon's head1 a t]rible b /rik+ contra/ to ! pure & noble c\nt5ance ( ! goddess4 ,a f9e bu/1 ) a delicate & y\?ful expression ( c\nt5ance1 is pres]v$ 9 ! ,vatican ,museum at ,rome4 ,ano!r1 n less beautiful1 b ) grave & almo/ mascul9e features1 0 discov]$ 9 ! excavations ( ,pompeii1 & is n[ 9 ! ,naples ,museum4 ,among exi/+ 7full-l5g?7 /atues1 ! ,pallas ,giu/9iani1 ( ! ,vatican ,museum at ,rome1 is held to be ! f9e/ 7,fig4 #h74 ,?is probably once /ood 9 a ,roman temple1 hav+ be5 f\nd 9 a place :]e !re 0 =m]ly a temple ( ,m9]va4 ,?is /atue1 9 accordance ) ! ,roman conception1 be>s a m peaceable "*1 al?\gh nei!r ! spe> nor helmet are want+4 ,next come two /atues f\nd ne> ,velletri1 "o ( :i* is 9 ! ,capitol9e ,museum at ,rome1 :il/ ! o!r =ms a *ief ornam5t ( ! ,l\vre collection 9 ,p>is4 ,bo? repres5t ! goddess 9 ! "* ( a b5ign deity fo/]+ all peaceful works1 ) a g5tle b e>ne/ expression ( c\nt5ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i4--;,a!ne ,polias4 ,villa ,albani4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4--,pallas ,a!ne4 ,naples4 ,! ,f>nese ,m9]va ( ! ,naples ,museum & ! 8,hope0 copy 9 ,london betray simil> *>act]i/ics4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 a /atue discov]$ at ,h]culaneum 7n[ at ,naples71 ,m9]va appe>s z a w>like goddess1 9 an evid5tly ho/ile attitude 7,fig4 #aj74 ,?is is also ! case ) ! celebrat$ /atue at ! ,l\vre1 :i*1 on acc\nt ( ! necklace worn by ! goddess1 is g5]ally call$ ,m9]ve au ,colli]2 & aga9 9 a /atue ( ! ,villa ,albani1 9 :i* a lion's sk9 ?r[n ov] ! head takes ! place ( ! helmet 7,fig4 #i74 ,on comb9+ ! *>act]i/ic features ( ,m9]va1 we may ga!r t h] mo/ prom95t trait is a l(ty s]i\sness1 well befitt+ ! *a/e1 grave "* ( ! virg9 goddess4 ,! clos$ lips & ! prom95t *9 betray a det]m9$ & resolute disposition1 :il/ h] mi5 & be>+ give tok5 ( /r5g? & dignity4 ,among ! fav\rite animals ( ,m9]va we may m5tion ! s]p5t1 ! owl1 & ! cock4 ,! fir/ is a symbol ( wisdom1 ! second ( pr(\nd m$itation1 & ! la/ ( eag] desire = ! fray4 ,! attributes ( ,m9]va consi/ ( ! gis1 :i* s]ves z a %ield1 ! spe>1 & ! helmet4 ,! helmet is sometimes adorn$ ) ! figures ( griff9s1 significant ( ! ov]p[]+ might ( ! we>]4 ,! /atues are all fully clo!d1 9 accordance ) ! *a/e "* ( ! goddess4 #d4 ,apollo4--,z ,a!ne is ! fav\rite daught] ( ,zeus1 s ,apollo ranks z ! mo/ glori\s & beautiful ( 8 sons4 ,l o!r sons ( ,zeus1 he is a god ( light1 &1 inde$1 ! pure/ & highe/ repres5tative ( ?is mighty p[] 9 nature4 ,8 "m1 ,leto 7,latona71 is a repres5tative ( ! d>kness ( ! night4 ,accord+ to ! sacr$ leg5d1 %e 0 compell$ :5 pregnant to w&] ab\t1 because mank9d1 dread+ ! appe>ance ( ! mighty god1 refus$ to receive h]4 ,?is my? 0 aft]w>ds alt]$ by lat] writ]s1 :o assign ! jeal\sy ( ,h]a z ! cause ( h] w&]+s4 ,leto at l5g? f\nd a refuge on ,delos1 :i* 0 once a float+ isl&1 & _h to be fa/5$ to ! bottom ( ! sea by means ( l(ty columns4 ,z ! bright god ( heav51 to :om ev]y?+ impure & unholy is hateful1 we f9d ,apollo1 soon aft] 8 bir?1 prep>+ to d battle ) ! evil p[]s ( d>kness4 ,) 8 arr[s he slew bo? ! giant ,tityus & ! s]p5t ,py?on1 ! latt] a mon/] t inhabit$ ! valley ( ! ,pli/us1 ne> ,delphi1 & de/roy$ bo? m5 & cattle4 ,^! & simil> my?s are m]ely a panegyric on ! conqu]+ p[] ex]cis$ by ! g5ial w>m? ( ,spr+ ov] ! d>k gloom ( ,w9t]4 ,b ?\gh ,apollo ?us appe>s z ! foe ( all t is evil & impure1 anci5t my?s1 nev]!less1 repres5t him also z a t]rible god ( dea?1 s5d+ virul5t pe/il5ces & deal+ out de/ruction to m5 & animals by means ( 8 un]r+ arr[s4 ,?is may be easily expla9$1 h[ev]1 by glanc+ at ! natural signification ( ! god4 ,! rays ( ! sun d inde$ put to flight ! cold ( w9t]1 b z _! heat increases !y !mselves ultimately become ! cause ( disease & dea?4 ,?is is beautifully portray$ 9 ! fable ( ! dea? ( ,hyac9?us4 ,to proce$ fur!r 9 ! analysis ( 8 "* z god ( light1 ,apollo next appe>s z ! protector ( /reets & h\ses4 ,a conical pill> 0 usually erect$ at ! side ( ! doors ( h\ses z a symbol ( him1 & a def5ce aga9/ all sorc]ies4 ,connect$ ) ?is is 8 repute z a god ( heal?2 "o :o is inde$ able to s5d disease & dea?1 b :o1 on ! o!r h&1 is all-p[]ful to protect aga9/ physical maladies4 ,?is feature 9 8 "*1 h[ev]1 is m ext5sively develop$ 9 ! p]son ( 8 son1 ,asclepius 7sculapius74 ,b x is n only outw>d ills t ?is wond]-work+ deity c cure3 z ! true r$eem] f s9 & crime1 he alone c af=d consolation to guilty s\ls4 ,ev5 ^? pursu$ by ! ,furies he sometimes receives 9 t5d]ness & pity1 a f9e in/ance ( :i* is f\nd 9 ! /ory ( ,ore/es4 ,x is "h t we mu/ seek ! explanation ( 8 "* z god ( music2 9 ! fact t x ex]cises s soo?+ & tranquillis+ an influ5ce on ! s\l ( man4 ,8 fav\rite in/rum5t 0 ! lyre1 :i* he 0 wont to play ) ma/]ly skill at ! banquets ( ! gods1 :il/ ! ,muses accompani$ him ) _! wondr\s /ra9s4 ,apollo 0 !re=e reg>d$ z ! lead] ( ! ,muses 7,musagetes72 & all ! great s+]s ( antiquity1 su* z ,orpheus & ,l9us1 are my?ically repres5t$ z 8 sons4 ,b ,apollo atta9$ 8 greate/ importance among ! ,greeks z god ( prophecy4 ,8 oracles cont9u$ to ex]cise an important influ5ce on social & political life1 ev5 d[n to ! late/ times4 ,! inspiration ( ,apollo 0 di/+ui%$ by ! fact t ! god reveal$ ! future less by means ( outw>d signs ?an by induc+ an ec/atic condition ( m9d bord]+ on madness 9 ^? p]sons ?r\gh :om he wi%$ to proclaim 8 oracles4 ,^! 7 g5]ally wom5 & maid5s1 :o1 ei!r at oracul> %r9es prop]1 or dwell+ alone z ,sibyls1 gave =? ! responses ( ! god4 ,9 e>ly times !y 7 some:at num]\s4 ,!re 0 an oracle at ,cl>us1 ne> ,colophon2 an oracle at ,didyma1 ne> ,miletus2 & an oracle on ! ,ism5us1 ne> ,!bes4 ,^! 7 ev5tually all ?r[n into ! %ade by t ( ,delphi4 ,! responses ( ?is oracle ex]cis$1 dur+ a long p]iod ( ,grecian hi/ory1 an all-p[]ful influ5ce1 especially on ! ,dorian tribes4 ,! convulsions ( ! ,py?ia1 or prie/ess ( ,apollo1 7 br\ght ab\t p>tly by ! *ew+ ( laurel leaves1 & p>tly by ! gase\s vap\rs t issu$ f a cleft 9 ! e>? b5ea? ! sacr$ tripod4 ,! ec/atic condition 9 :i* %e gave ! responses1 :i* 7 compreh5sible only to ! initiat$ prie/s1 manife/$ itself 9 a foam+ at ! m\? & 9 convulsions ( ! body4 ,delphi naturally became ! *ief seat ( ! wor%ip ( ,apollo4 ,! gorge\s temple 0 rebuilt 9 ! "t ( ! ,pisi/ratid1 aft] ! de/ruction ( ! old "o by fire4 ,its weal? f (f]+s became s great t _! value 0 comput$ at #aj1jjj tal5ts 7m ?an #b1jjj1jjj74 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,delphi ! ,py?ian games 7 celebrat$ 9 ! ?ird ye> ( e ,olympiad4 ,! %r9e ( ! god at ,delos1 8 bir?place1 0 little less r5[n$4 ,! sanctu>y itself 0 situat$ at ! foot ( ,m\nt ,cyn?us2 b ! :ole isl& 0 sacr$ to ! god1 = :i* reason no "o 0 buri$ !re4 ,"h1 too1 games1 said to h be5 in/itut$ by ,!seus1 7 celebrat$ e f\r ye>s 9 hon\r ( ! god4 ,apollo _h1 besides1 a great numb] ( less celebrat$ %r9es & temples1 n only 9 ,greece1 b also 9 ,asia ,m9or1 & :]ev] ! ,greek colonies ext5d$4 ,! ,apollo ( ! ,romans1 z 8 "n indicates1 0 transf]r$ to ,rome f ,greece4 ,at a comp>atively e>ly p]iod m5 began to feel ! want ( a prophetic deity1 z ! ,roman gods1 al?\gh !y v\*saf$ h9ts z to ! future1 conf9$ _! responses to a m]e ,yea or ,nay4 ,moreov]1 9 ! "* ( god ( heal+1 he 0 e>ly admitt$ into ! ,roman sy/em1 z we ga!r f ! fact t ! fir/ temple really d$icat$ to ,apollo 0 erect$ 9 #dbi ,b4,c41 "u ! pressure ( a griev\s pe/il5ce4 ,! wor%ip ( ,apollo 0 especially exalt$ by ! ,emp]or ,augu/us1 :o ascrib$ 8 victory at ,actium *iefly to ! assi/ance ( ! god4 ,he accord+ly erect$ a magnific5t temple to ,apollo on ! ,palat9e1 :i* 0 embelli%$ ) ! celebrat$ /atue ( ,apollo ,ci?>dus1 by ,scopas4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4--;,apollo ,belv$]e4 ,vatican4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4--;,head ( ,apollo ,belv$]e4 ,?is rem>k leads u to contemplate ! diff]5t /atues ( ! god4 ,apollo con/antly be>s a v y\?ful appe>ance1 & is always be>dless4 ,8 figure is /rong & h&some1 8 head cov]$ ) fair clu/]+ locks1 & 8 face expressive ( maje/y1 b m>k$ )al by a *e]ful s]5ity4 ,su* is ! orig9al & fundam5tal type1 :i* 0 usually foll[$ 9 ! repres5tation ( ! god4 ,x 0 pr9cipally develop$ by ,scopas & ,praxiteles1 :o belong$ to ! lat] ,attic s*ool1 :i* fl\ri%$ f ! end ( ! ,peloponnesian w> to ! reign ( ,alex&] ! ,great4 ,! pr9cipal creation ( ,scopas 0 a m>ble /atue1 repres5t+ ! god z a ,py?ian ,ci?>dus ) ! lyre 9 8 h&1 clo!d 9 a long robe rea*+ to ! feet4 ,?is invaluable "w 0 procur$ by ,augu/us = ! temple he erect$ to ,apollo on ! ,palat9e4 ,praxiteles1 a y\ng] contempor>y ( ,scopas1 acquir$ consid]able r5[n by 8 bronze figure ( a y\?ful ,apollo pursu+ a liz>d 7,apollo ,sauroctonus74 ,9 exi/+ art monum5ts sometimes ! conception ( a w>like1 v5geful deity obta9s1 9 :i* case ! god is repres5t$ z nude1 or ne>ly s1 & arm$ ) quiv] & b[4 ,at o!r times he we>s a mild & b5evol5t aspect2 he is !n di/+ui%$ by 8 lute1 & completely envelop$ 9 a *lamys4 ,( ! =m] k9d is ! mo/ beautiful & celebrat$ ( all 8 exi/+ /atues1 ! ,apollo ,belv$]e1 :i* 0 discov]$ 9 #aejc1 ne> ,nettuno1 ! anci5t ,antium1 & is n[ 9 ! ,vatican4 ,! pr\d self-consci\sness ( a conqu]+ deity is inimitably express$ 9 8 :ole attitude4 ,he /&s ) 8 "r h& & leg aga9/ ! trunk ( a tree1 8 left arm out/ret*$1 ) ! gis1 probably z a symbol ( fe> & t]ror1 9 8 h&4 ,! s]p5t creep+ up ! tree is a symbol ( ! p[]s ( d>kness vanqui%$ by ! god 7,fig4 #aa74 ,x may also be tak5 z ! symbol ( life & heal+1 l ! s]p5t ( ,asclepius 7see p4 #if74 ,we h also giv5 a l>g] engrav+ ( ! head ( ! ,belv$]e ,apollo1 9 ord] to af=d a cle>] idea ( its wondr\s beauty 7,fig4 #ab74 ,! s-call$ ,apoll9o1 ( ! ,flor5ce gall]y1 a y\?ful figure re/+ aft] battle1 is a "w ( sc>cely less beauty4 ,! %ape ( ! body1 :i* is entirely nude1 is wond]fully s(t & delicate4 ,) 8 left arm ! god leans ^u a tree2 9 8 left h& he neglig5tly holds ! b[1 :il/ 8 "r h& is rais$ to 8 head 9 a m$itative fa%ion4 ,! ,f>nese ,apollo ( ! ,naples ,museum possesses an equally graceful =m4 ,! god is "h repres5t$ z a musician2 9 8 left h& he holds ! lyre1 :il/ 8 "r glides ov] ! /r+s4 ,! animat$ expression ( 8 face1 indicat+ 8 entire devotion to 8 art1 is exquisitely beautiful4 ,! goose at 8 feet1 :i* 0 reg>d$ ev5 by ! anci5ts z a music-lov+ bird1 appe>s to dr9k 9 ) rapture ! heav5ly tones4 ,9 ^? works :i* repres5t ! god z a ,py?ian lute-play] 9 a long ,ionian g>m5t1 we p]ceive an almo/ fem99e figure & a vision>y expression ( face4 ,! mo/ important works ( ?is k9d are ! ,apollo ,ci?>dus ( ! ,muni* collection 7,fig4 #ac71 =m]ly call$ ! ,muse ( ,b>b]9i1 :i* is m>k$ by a some:at quiet] attitude2 & ! s-call$ ,apollo ,musagetes ( ! ,vatican collection1 :i* is *>act]is$ by a lively danc+ movem5t ( ! figure1 & is g5]ally reg>d$ z an imitation ( ! ma/]piece ( ,scopas already m5tion$4 ,a pure & heav5ly inspiration seems to p]vade ! features ( ! laurel-cr[n$ god2 8 mighty lyre1 to ! tones ( :i* he appe>s to be s++1 is susp5d$ f a b& across ! *e/1 & is aptly adorn$ ) ! portrait ( ,m>syas1 8 vanqui%$ rival4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4--;,apollo ,ci?>dus4 ,muni*4 ,la/ly1 ! graceful /atue ( ,apollo ,sauroctonus 7,liz>d-slay]7 des]ves m5tion4 ,_m copies ( x /ill exi/1 ! *ief ( :i* is a m>ble /atue 9 ! ,vatican collection4 ,! delicate figure ( ! god1 midway betwe5 y\? & boyhood1 leans c>elessly aga9/ ! trunk ( a tree1 up :i* a liz>d is creep+4 ,! god is eag]ly wat*+ its movem5ts1 9 ord] to seize a fav\rable mom5t to nail x to ! tree ) 8 arr[4 ,! pr9ciple attributes ( ,apollo are ! b[1 arr[s1 quiv]1 laurel cr[n1 & lyre4 ,to ^! may be add$1 z symbols ( 8 prophetic p[]1 ! tripod & ! omphalos 7navel71 ! latt] be+ a repres5tation ( ! e>?'s c5tre 9 ! temple at ,delphi1 on :i* he is (t5 depict$ z sitt+4 ,! god also appe>s /&+ on ! omphalos2 z 9 ! case ( a m>ble /atue lately f\nd 9 ! !atre ( ,dionysus4 ,8 sacr$ animals 7 ! wolf1 ! h9d1 ! bat1 ! swan1 ! goose1 & ! dolph92 ! ?ree la/ be+ music-lov+ creatures4 #e4 ,artemis 7,diana74--,artemis is ! fem99e c\nt]p>t ( h] tw9 bro!r ,apollo1 ) :om %e entirely h>monises :5 reg>d$ f h] physical aspect4 ,l him1 %e is a beautiful & propiti\s deity2 b l him1 too1 %e c deal out1 at times1 dea? & de/ruction among mank9d4 ,l ,apollo1 %e promotes ! gr[? ( ! "y plant1 & is equally ! foe ( all t is evil & impure4 ,l him1 %e is skill$ 9 ! use ( ! b[1 ( :i* %e avails h]self1 h[ev]1 n only = ! de/ruction ( mon/]s1 b also at times to *a/ise ! insol5ce ( man--witness ! dea? ( ! *ildr5 ( ,niobe4 ,h] fav\rite amusem5t is ! *ase2 arm$ ) quiv] & b[ %e ranges m\nta9 & valley1 accompani$ by a b& ( nymphs4 ,! *ase end$1 %e delights to ba! 9 "s fre% spr+1 or to lead (f "s fav\rite dance on ! fl[]y mead[s1 surr\nd$ by h] nymphs1 all ( :om %e ov]tops by a head4 ,!n ! he>t ( h] "m1 ,leto1 rejoices z %e gazes on ! innoc5t sports ( h] lovely daught]4 ,z a virg9 goddess %e 0 especially v5]at$ by "y maid5s1 ^: patroness %e rema9$ till _! m>riage1 & to :om %e af=d$ an example ( *a/ity4 ,! /ory ( ,acton1 :o 0 *ang$ into a /ag & !n torn to pieces by 8 own dogs1 %[s t %e did n suff] any injury to h] virg9 mode/y to g unpuni%$4 7,= ?is /ory see ! ,!ban leg5ds47 ,orig9ally1 ,artemis appe>s to h be5 ! goddess ( ! moon1 j z h] bro!r ,apollo is unmi/akably id5tical ) ! sun4 ,?is conception1 h[ev]1 cont9u$ to gr[ fa9t] & fa9t]1 until1 9 ! lat] days ( confusion ( religions1 x 0 aga9 reviv$4 ,artemis 0 frequ5tly conf\nd$ ) ,sel5e or ,phbe 7,luna74 ,! national ,artemis ( ! ,greeks 0 orig9ally q di/9ct f ! ,artemis ,or?ia1 a d>k & cruel deity1 to :om human sacrifices 7 (f]$ 9 ,laconia4 ,lycurgus aboli%$ ?is b>b>\s cu/om1 b caus$ in/ead a numb] ( boys to be cruelly :ipp$ be=e ! image ( ! goddess on ! occasion ( h] annual fe/ival4 ,?is is ! same ,artemis to :om ,agamemnon 0 ab\t to (f]1 9 ,aulis1 8 daught] ,iphig5ia1 previ\s to ! dep>ture ( ! ,greeks = ,troy4 ,! ,scy?ians 9 ,tauris likewise _h a goddess :om !y propitiat$ ) human sacrifices4 ,?is caus$ h] to be conf\nd$ ) ,artemis ,or?ia1 & ! /ory arose t ,iphig5ia 0 convey$ by ! goddess to ,tauris1 f :i* place %e subsequ5tly1 assi/$ by h] bro!r ,ore/es1 br\ght ! image ( ! goddess to ,greece4 ,! ,ephesian ,artemis1 kn[n to u z 8,diana ( ! ,ephesians10 0 di/9ct f all t h be5 m5tion$4 ,%e 01 9 fact1 an ,asiatic1 n a ,hell5ic deity4 ,! ,roman ,diana1 :o 0 e>ly id5tifi$ ) ! ,greek ,artemis1 0 likewise orig9ally a goddess ( ! moon4 ,z su*1 %e possess$ a v anci5t %r9e on ,m\nt ,algidus1 ne> ,tusculum4 ,l ! ,greek ,artemis1 %e 0 also reg>d$ z ! tutel>y goddess ( wom51 & 0 invok$ by wom5 9 *ildbir?4 ,?is 0 also ! case ) ,artemis1 al?\gh ! matrons ( ,greece look$ = m protection 9 ?is respect at ! h&s ( ,h]a4 ,%e ga9$1 h[ev]1 a c]ta9 political importance 9 ,rome aft] hav+ be5 made by ,s]vius ,tullius ! tutel>y deity ( ! ,lat9 ,league4 ,z su*1 %e possess$ a sacr$ grove & temple on ! ,av5t9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad4--;,diana ( ,v]sailles4 ,artemis is a fav\rite subject ) ! ma/]s ( ! lat] ,attic s*ool4 ,%e is always repres5t$ z y\?ful1 sl5d] & light ( foot1 & )\t womanly fulness4 ,h] devotion to ! *ase is cle>ly betok5$ by ! quiv] & b[ :i* %e g5]ally be>s1 & by ! high girt robe & ,cretan %oes1 :i* all[ h] to pass un5cumb]$ ?r\gh ! ?ickets ( ! =e/4 ,among exi/+ /atues1 ! mo/ celebrat$ is ! s-call$ ,diana ( ,v]sailles1 :i* came f ! ,villa ( ,hadrian1 at ,tibur 7,fig4 #ad74 ,x is n[ a *ief ornam5t ( ! ,l\vre collection1 & is a wor?y companion to ! ,belv$]e ,apollo1 al?\gh x does n q equal ?is 9 beauty4 ,9 ?is /atue ! goddess does n appe> z a huntress1 b r z ! protectress ( wild animals4 ,%e is conceiv$ z hav+ j come to ! rescue ( a hunt$ de]1 & is 9 ! act ( turn+ ) angry mi5 on ! pursu]s4 ,) h] "r h& %e grasps an arr[ f ! quiv] t hangs at h] back1 & 9 h] left %e holds ! b[4 ,a really beautiful /atue ( ! ,vatican collection depicts ! goddess 9 a mo/ /rik+ attitude4 ,%e has j s5t =? h] deadly arr[1 & is eag]ly wat*+ its effect4 ,! h\nd at h] side is j ab\t to />t 9 eag] pursuit ( ! m>k1 :i* 0 evid5tly !re=e a wild animal4 ,9 h] left h& is ! b[1 /ill /rung1 f :i* h] "r h& has j direct$ ! arr[4 ,h] foot is likewise uprais$ 9 triumph1 & h] :ole deportm5t expresses ! pr\d joy ( victory4 ,! *ief attributes ( ,diana are b[1 quiv]1 & spe>1 & also a tor*1 z an emblem ( h] p[] to disp5se light & life4 ,! h9d1 ! dog1 ! be>1 & ! wild bo> 7 e/eem$ sacr$ to h]4 #f4 ,ares 7,m>s74--,ares1 ! son ( ,zeus & ,h]a1 repres5ts w> f its fatal & de/ructive side1 by :i* he is cle>ly di/+ui%$ f ,a!ne1 ! wise dispos] ( battles4 ,he 01 x is probable1 orig9ally a p]sonification ( ! angry cl\d$ sky4 ,8 home1 accord+ to ,hom]1 0 9 ,?race1 ! l& ( boi/]\s1 w9try /orms1 among ^: w>like inhabitants he 0 held 9 high e/eem1 al?\gh 8 wor%ip 0 n s ext5sive 9 ,greece4 ,hom]1 9 ! ,iliad1 pa9ts 9 p>ticul>ly lively col\rs ! picture ( ! rude 8manslay+0 god ( w>4 ,he "h appe>s z a deity :o delights only 9 ! wild d9 ( battle1 & is nev] we>y ( /rife & slaught]4 ,clad 9 braz5 arm\r f head to foot1 ) wav+ plume1 helmet1 & high-pois$ spe>1 8 bull's hide %ield on 8 left arm1 he ranges ! battlefield1 ca/+ d[n all be=e him 9 8 impetu\s fury4 ,) /r5g? he comb9es great agility1 & is1 accord+ to ,hom]1 ! fleete/ ( ! gods4 ,/rong ?\gh he be1 h[ev]1 he is ov]mat*$ 9 battle by ,a!ne2 a palpable indication t prud5t c\rage (t5 accompli%es m ?an impetu\s viol5ce4 ,! usual att5dants & s]vants ( ,ares are ,fe> & ,t]ror4 ,by "s writ]s !y are describ$ z 8 sons1 yet 9 ,hom] !y fight aga9/ him4 ,!re is little to be said ( ! pr9cipal seats ( 8 wor%ip 9 ,greece4 ,9 ,!bes he 0 reg>d$ z ! god ( pe/il5ce2 & ,aphrodite1 :o else:]e appe>s z ! wife ( ,heph/us1 0 giv5 him to wife4 ,by h] he became ! fa!r ( ,h>monia1 :o m>ri$ ,cadmus1 & ?us became ! ance/ress ( ! ,cadmean race 9 ,!bes4 ,accord+ to an ,a!nian local leg5d1 8 hav+ sla9 a son ( ,poseidon gave rise to ! in/itution ( ! ,areopagus4 ,he 0 "h reg>d$ z ! god ( v5geance4 ,a celebrat$ /atue by ,alcam5es adorn$ 8 temple at ,a!ns4 ,among ! w>like p ( ,sp>ta ! wor%ip ( ,ares 0 also ext5sive4 ,?is deity 0 reg>d$ ) a f> great] degree ( v5]ation 9 ,rome1 "u ! appellation ( ,m>s1 or ,mavors4 ,he seems to h occupi$ an important position ev5 among ! e>lie/ ,italian tribes4 ,x 0 n z god ( w>1 h[ev]--= :i*1 amid ! peaceful pursuits ( cattle-re>+ & husb&ry1 !y c>$ little--b z ! god ( ! spr+ triumph+ ov] ! p[]s ( w9t] t he 0 wor%ipp$4 ,x 0 f 8 b\nty t ! primitive p look$ = ! prosp]\s gr[? ( _! flocks & ! fruits ( _! fields2 x 0 ,m>s on :om !y call$ = protection aga9/ bad wea!r & de/ructive pe/il5ce4 ,9 w>like ,rome1 h[ev]1 ?is deity soon laid aside 8 peaceful "*1 & donn$ ! bright arm\r ( ! god ( w>4 ,he 0 ev5 reg>d$ z be+1 aft] ,jupit]1 ! mo/ important god ( ! /ate & p ( ,rome4 ,numa himself gave him a flam5 ( 8 own1 & creat$ or re/or$ 9 8 hon\r ! prie/hood ( ! ,salii4 ,! occasion1 accord+ to ! sacr$ leg5d1 0 on ?is wise4 ,z ,k+ ,numa "o morn+1 f ! anci5t palace at ! foot ( ! ,palat9e1 rais$ 8 h&s 9 pray] to ,jove1 besee*+ 8 protection & fav\r = ! infant /ate ( ,rome1 ! god let fall f heav51 z a m>k ( 8 fav\r1 an oblong braz5 %ield 7ancile74 ,at ! same "t a voice 0 he>d decl>+ t ,rome %\ld endure z long z ?is %ield 0 pres]v$4 ,numa !n caus$ ! sacr$ %ield1 :i* 0 recognis$ z t ( ,m>s1 to be c>efully pres]v$4 ,! bett] to prev5t its ab/raction1 he ord]$ an arti/ to make elev5 o!rs exactly simil>1 & in/itut$ = _! protection ! college ( ! ,salii1 twelve 9 numb]1 l ! %ields1 :o 7 select$ f ! noble/ families 9 ,rome4 ,e ye> 9 ! mon? ( ,m>*1 :i* 0 sacr$ to ,m>s1 !y bore ! sacr$ %ields 9 solemn procession ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,rome1 execut+ w>like dances & *ant+ anci5t w>-songs4 ,f ! days ( ,numa ! wor%ip ( 8,fa!r ,m>s0 cont9u$ to acquire an ev]-increas+ popul>ity4 ,be=e ! dep>ture ( a ,roman army on any exp$ition1 ! imp]ator retir$ to ! sanctu>y ( ! god 9 ! old palace1 & !re t\*$ ! sacr$ %ields & ! spe> ( ! /atue ( ,m>s1 cry+ al\d at ! same "t1 8,m>s1 wat* ov] u60 ,accord+ to popul> belief1 ! god himself w5t unse5 be=e ! ho/ z x m>*$ to battle1 :5ce he 0 call$ 8,gradivus40 ,9 ! w> ) ! ,lucanians & ,bruttians 7#bhb ,b4,c471 :5 ! consuls 7 hesitat+ :e!r to beg9 ! attack1 an unkn[n y\? ( extraord9>y /ature & beauty enc\rag$ ! troops to beg9 ! assault on ! enemy's camp1 & 0 himself ! fir/ to scale ! wall4 ,:5 he 0 aft]w>ds s\ght =1 9 ord] t he might receive 8 ri*ly m]it$ rew>d1 he _h disappe>$1 leav+ no trace beh9d him4 ,z x c\ld h be5 none o!r ?an ,fa!r ,m>s1 ! consul1 ,fabricius1 decre$ him a ?anksgiv+ ( ?ree days' duration4 ,m>s naturally receiv$ a due %>e ( all booty tak5 9 w>4 ,defeat 0 ascrib$ to 8 wra?1 :i* m5 /rove to av]t by extraord9>y s9-(f]+s4 ,popul> belief made ,m>s ! fa!r1 by a ve/al virg91 ( ,romulus & ,remus1 ! leg5d>y f\nd]s ( ! city4 ,8 wife appe>s to h be5 ,n]io2 b %e enjoy$ no hon\rs at ,rome4 ,9 att5dance on ,m>s we f9d ,metus & ,pallor1 :o answ] to ! ,greek deities already m5tion$2 & also 8 si/] ,bellona1 correspond+ to ! ,enyo1 :o 0 wor%ipp$ 9 ,pontus & ,cappadocia1 ?\gh n 9 ,greece prop]4 ,bellona _h a temple 9 ! ,campus ,m>tius4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae--,m>s ,ludovisi4 ,! ,campus ,m>tius 7,field ( ,m>s71 ! celebrat$ place ( ex]cise ( ! ,roman y\?1 /ret*$ f ! ,quir9al we/w>ds to ! ,tib]1 & 0 d$icat$ to ! god ( w>4 ,augu/us1 aft] ! ov]?r[ ( ! murd]]s ( ,cs>1 8 adoptive fa!r1 erect$ a temple to ,m>s1 :i* 0 built 9 ,greek /yle1 & f> surpass$ 9 gr&eur & spl5d\r all ! o!r temples ( ! god4 ,?ree columns ( x are /ill /&+1 mute witnesses ( vani%$ spl5d\r4 ,a l>ge numb] ( religi\s fe/ivities 7 celebrat$ 9 ! mon? ( ,m>* 9 hon\r ( ,m>s4 ,! procession ( ! ,salii =m$ ! *ief feature ( ! fe/ival2 b !re 7 also races & games4 ,on ! ,ides ( ,octob] also a *>iot race took place 9 hon\r ( ,m>s1 at :i* ! s+ul> cu/om prevail$ ( (f]+ ! ne> horse ( ! victori\s team to ! god4 ,! inhabitants ( ! two olde/ qu>t]s ( ! city cont5d$ = ! head ( ! slaught]$ animal1 & :oev] got x 0 suppos$ to reap great bless+s f its possession4 ,anci5t arti/s repres5t$ ,m>s z a tall & p[]ful "y man1 ^: activity1 h[ev]1 is z app>5t z 8 /r5g?4 ,8 *>act]i/ic features are %ort curly hair1 small eyes1 & broad no/rils1 significant ( ! viol5ce & passionat5ess ( 8 nature4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ ( exi/+ /atues is ! ,m>s ,ludovisi ( ! ,villa ,ludovisi1 at ,rome4 ,x has (t5 be5 conjectur$ t ?is is an imitation ( ! r5[n$ "w ( ,scopas4 ,! deity is depict$ z re/+ aft] battle2 &1 9 spite ( ! usual turbul5ce ( 8 disposition1 he "h appe>s to h surr5d]$ himself to a m g5tle frame ( m9d4 ,! little god ( love cr\*+ at 8 feet gazes into 8 face ) a rogui%1 triumphant smile1 z ?\gh rejoic$ to see t ev5 ! wilde/ & mo/ untameable mu/ submit to 8 sway1 & ?us %[s u :at has call$ =? ?is g5tle mood4 7,fig4 #ae47 ,! ,m>s ,ludovisi is an orig9al "w1 ,greek 9 its orig91 ?\gh belong+ to a some:at late p]iod4 ,! ,borghese ,m>s ( ! ,l\vre1 on ! o!r h&1 is und\bt$ly ( ,roman orig94 ,x is suppos$ to repres5t ,ares b\nd by ! craft ( ,heph/us4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af4--;,bu/ ( ,ares4 ,sculpture ,gall]y at ,muni*4 ,besides ^! two pr9cipal /atues1 ! bu/ ( ,m>s ( ! ,muni* collection des]ves m5tion4 ,x is di/+ui%$ by a peculi>ly expressive head1 ( :i* we give an engrav+ 7,fig4 #af74 ,! attributes ( ,m>s are ! helmet 7decorat$ ) ! figures ( wolf-h\nds & griff9s71 %ield1 & spe>4 ,! animals sacr$ to him 7 ! wolf1 ! horse1 & ! woodpeck]4 #g4 ,aphrodite 7,v5us74--,9 ! ,iliad1 ,aphrodite is repres5t$ z ! daught] ( ,zeus & ,dione1 ! goddess ( moi/ure1 :o1 z ! wife ( ! god ( heav51 0 held 9 high e/eem among ! old ,pelasgians4 ,! same notion ( ! goddess be+ produc$ f moi/ure is se5 9 ! leg5d1 :i* relates t ,aphrodite 0 born ( ! foam ( ! sea1 & fir/ t\*$ l& on ! isl& ( ,cyprus1 :i* 0 h5ce=? held sacr$ to h]4 ,%e 0 probably a p]sonification ( ! creative & g5]ative =ces ( nature1 & figur$ among ! ,greeks z goddess ( beauty & sexual love4 ,we mu/ n =get t ?is conception does n cov] ! :ole "* ( ! goddess4 ,%e n only appe>s z ,aphrodite ,p&emus 7! e>?ly ,aphrodite71 a goddess ( ! spr+1 by ^: wondr\s p[] all g]ms 9 ! natural & vegetable _w are quick5$1 b we also he> ( ,aphrodite ,urania1 a cele/ial deity1 :o 0 v5]at$ z ! disp5s] ( prosp]ity & f]tility2 & also an ,aphrodite ,pontia 7( ! sea71 ! tutel>y deity ( %ips & m>9]s1 :o controll$ ! w9ds & ! waves1 & grant$ to %ips a fair & prosp]\s passage4 ,z ! wor%ip ( ,aphrodite 0 extremely popul> among ! num]\s isl&s & ports ( ! ,grecian seas1 we c well imag9e t x 0 9 ?is latt] "* t %e receiv$ h] greate/ %>e ( hon\r4 ,! poets pa9t ,aphrodite z ! mo/ beautiful ( all ! goddesses1 ^: magic p[] n ev5 ! wise/ c\ld )/&4 ,ev5 wild animals 7 consci\s ( h] influ5ce1 & press$ r\nd h] l lambs4 ,%e 0 end[$ ) ! celebrat$ love-begett+ magic girdle1 :i* %e c\ld lay aside at w & l5d to o!rs4 ,& z %e ?us gave rise to passion 9 o!rs1 %e h]self 0 n free f its influ5ce4 ,?is is evid5c$ by ! num]\s /ories ( h] am\rs ) ! gods or fav\r$ mortals1 :i* x is s difficult to br+ into h>mony ) ea* o!r4 ,sometimes ,ares1 sometimes ,heph/us1 is said to be h] husb&4 ,! latt] acc\nt1 :i* orig9at$ 9 ,lemnos1 0 ! m popul>2 d\btless because its v /rang5ess 9 mat+ ! sweete/ & mo/ lovely ( ! goddesses ) ! lame & ugly god ( fire _h a c]ta9 *>m4 ,no *ildr5 are m5tion$ z spr++ f ! union ( ,aphrodite ) ,heph/us2 b ,eros & ,ant]os1 z well z ,demus & ,phobus1 are said to be h] *ildr5 by ,ares4 ,o!r leg5ds1 g5]ally ( a local "*1 unite h] to ,dionysus1 or to ,h]mes4 ,! /ory ( h] love = ! beautiful ,adonis cle>ly repres5ts ! decay ( nature 9 autumn1 & its resuscitation 9 spr+4 ,adonis1 :om ,aphrodite t5d]ly lov$1 0 kill$1 :5 hunt+1 by a wild bo>4 ,inconsolable at h] loss1 ,aphrodite pite\sly entreat$ ,fa!r ,zeus to re/ore 8 life4 ,zeus at l5g? cons5t$ t ,adonis %\ld sp5d "o "p ( ! ye> 9 ! _w ( %ad[s1 & ! o!r 9 ! upp] _w4 ,cle>ly ! mon/] t depriv$ ,adonis ( life is only a symbol ( ! fro/y w9t]1 be=e ^: freez+ bla/ all life 9 nature decays4 ,9 ! /ory ( ,troy1 ,aphrodite plays an important "p4 ,%e 0 ! orig9al cause ( ! w>1 hav+ assi/$ ,p>is 9 8 elopem5t ) ,hel54 ,?is 0 8 rew>d = 8 celebrat$ judgm5t1 9 :i* he aw>d$ ! prize ( beauty to ,aphrodite 9 pref]5ce to ,h]a or ,a!ne4 ,besides ! ,trojan pr9ce ,an*ises enjoy$ h] fav\rs1 & %e became by him ! "m ( ! pi\s h]o neas4 ,! goddess appe>s ev] ready to assi/ un=tunate lov]s2 ?us %e aid$ ! h]o ,peleus to obta9 ! beautiful sea-nymph ,!tis4 ,on ! o!r h&1 %e puni%es ) ! utmo/ sev]ity ^? :o f pride or disda9 resi/ h] p[]4 ,?is appe>s 9 ! leg5d ( ,hippolytus1 son ( ,!seus1 ,k+ ( ,a!ns1 :om %e ru9$ ?r\gh ! love ( 8 /ep-"m ,phdra2 also 9 ! /ory ( ! beautiful y\? ,n>cissus1 :om %e puni%$ by an ungratifi$ self-love1 because he _h despis$ ! love ( ! nymph ,e*o4 ,! ,seasons & ! ,graces appe> 9 att5dance on ,aphrodite4 ,_! (fice is to dress & adorn h]4 ,%e is also accompani$ by ,eros1 ,po?us1 & ,him]us 7,love1 ,long+1 & ,desire71 besides ,hym51 or ,hym5u1 ! god ( m>riage4 ,! ,roman ,v5us 7! ,lovely ,"o7 0 reg>d$ by ! e>li] ,italian tribes z ! goddess ( spr+1 = :i* reason ,april1 ! mon? ( buds1 0 held sacr$ to h]4 ,%e e>ly acquir$ a c]ta9 social importance1 by hav+ ascrib$ to h] a b5efic5t influ5ce 9 promot+ civil h>mony & sociability among m54 ,aft] h] id5tification ) ! ,aphrodite ( ! ,greeks1 %e became m & m a goddess m]ely ( s5sual love & desire4 ,%e _h ?ree pr9cipal %r9es--^? ( ,v5us ,murcia1 ,v5us ,cloac9a1 & ,libit9a4 ,! fir/ ( ^! surnames po9ts to ,v5us z ! myrtle goddess 7! myrtle be+ an emblem ( *a/e love72 h] temple 0 situat$ on ! br[ ( ! ,av5t9e1 & 0 suppos$ to h be5 erect$ by ! ,lat9s1 :o 7 plant$ !re by ,ancus ,m>cius4 ,! temple ( ,v5us ,cloac9a 7! ,purifi]7 0 said to h be5 erect$ 9 memory ( ! reconciliation ( ! ,romans & ,sab9es1 aft] ! rape ( ! ,sab9e wom54 ,! surname ( ,libit9a po9ts to h] z goddess ( corpses4 ,all ! app>atus ( fun]als 7 kept 9 ?is temple1 & h] att5dants 7 at ! same "t ! public und]tak]s ( ! city4 ,to ^! anci5t %r9es 0 add$ ano!r 9 ! "t ( ,julius ,cs>1 :o erect$ a temple to ,v5us ,g5etrix1 ! goddess ( w$lock1 9 fulfilm5t ( a v[ made at ! battle ( ,ph>salus4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4--,v5us ( ,milo4 ,l\vre4 ,aphrodite1 or ,v5us1 is notori\sly an especially common subject ( repres5tation among ! arti/s ( antiquity4 ,! task ( giv+ expression to ! mo/ p]fect female beauty1 array$ 9 all ! *>ms ( love1 by means ( *isel or bru%1 cont9ually spurs ! arti/ to fre% endeav\rs4 ,x 0 especially among ! ma/]s ( ! lat] ,attic s*ool1 :o devot$ !mselves to ! repres5tation ( ! y\?ful & beautiful among ! gods 9 :om ! nude appe>$ lea/ (f5sive1 t /atues ( ,v5us 7 attempt$4 ,! ,v5us ( ,cnidus1 by ,praxiteles1 0 ! mo/ important "w ( t ma/]2 & ! p ( ,cnidus 7 s pr\d ( x t !y engrav$ h] image on _! co9s4 ,! fact t !y v5tur$ to portray ! goddess z entirely nude may be reg>d$ z a sign bo? ( ! fall+ away ( ! popul> fai? & ( ! decay ( art4 ,h5ce=?1 except 9 ! case ( /atues = ! temples1 x became an e/abli%$ cu/om to repres5t ,v5us & o!r k9dr$ deities z nude4 ,v5us is fur!r di/+ui%$ by a fulness ( =m1 :i* is1 nev]!less1 comb9$ ) sl5d]ness & grace4 ,! c\nt5ance is oval2 ! eyes are n l>ge1 & h a langui%+ expression2 ! m\? is small1 & ! *eeks & *9 full & r\nd4 ,( ! num]\s exi/+ /atues we c "h m5tion only ! mo/ important4 ,fir/ among !m 9 arti/ic wor? is a m>ble /atue l>g] ?an life1 :i* 0 f\nd 9 #ahbj on ! isl& ( ,melos 7,milo71 & is n[ 9 ! ,l\vre at ,p>is 7,fig4 #ag74 ,9 ?is /atue only ! upp] "p ( ! body is nude1 ! l[] portions1 f ! hips d[nw>d1 be+ cov]$ ) a light g>m5t4 ,"o sc>cely kn[s :i* to admire mo/ 9 ?is spl5did /atue--! s+ul>ly dignifi$ expression ( ! head1 or ! *>m+ fulness & magnific5t proportions ( ! limbs4 ,! arms are q brok5 (f1 s t we _c det]m9e ! conception ( ! arti/ ) any c]ta9ty4 ,x is suppos$ t ! goddess held 9 h] h& ei!r an apple1 :i* 0 a symbol ( ! ,isle ( ,melos1 or ! bronze %ield ( ,ares4 ,h] looks express pr\d & joy\s self-consci\sness4 ,9 ! ,v5us ( ,capua 7s call$ because f\nd among ! ru9s ( ! ,amphi!atre7 %e aga9 appe>s z a victori\s goddess 7,v5us ,victrix74 ,?is /atue is n[ 9 ! ,museum at ,naples4 ,! %ape ( ! nude body is n s vigor\s or fre% z t ( ! ,v5us ( ,milo1 b some:at s(t & ill-def9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4--,v5us ,g5etrix4 ,villa ,borghese4 ,! ,m$icean ,v5us1 =m]ly 9 ! ,villa ,m$ici at ,rome1 is bett] kn[n4 ,x is a "w ( ! lat] ,attic s*ool1 9 :i*1 at ! end ( ! second c5tury ,b4,c41 ,greek art once m blooms = a :ile4 ,x is ! "w ( ! ,a!nian arti/ ,cleom5es1 ?\gh probably *isell$ 9 ,rome4 ,z ,v5us ,anadyom5e 7ris+ f ! sea7 ! goddess appe>s entirely nude4 ,?is is ! mo/ y\?ful 9 appe>ance ( all h] /atues1 & is di/+ui%$ by ! p]fect regul>ity & beauty ( its =m1 ?\gh !re is no trace ( ! l(ty dignity ( ! goddess4 8,:at a desc5t10 says ,kraus 9 8 ,*ri/ian ,art1 8is !re f ! ,v5us ( ,milo to ?is coquette1 ^: app>5tly ba%ful po/ure is only meant to *all5ge ! notice ( ! behold]40 ,! 8,v5us cr\*+ 9 ! ba?0 ( ! ,vatican collection1 & ! 8,v5us loos+ h] s&al0 ( ! ,muni* ,gall]y1 are creations simil> 9 /yle4 ,9 "s imitations ( ! ,cnidian ,v5us1 ! mo/ important ( :i* are 9 ,rome & ,muni*1 ! goddess we>s a m dignifi$ demean\r2 & also 9 ! wond]fully graceful ,v5us ,g5etrix ( ! ,villa ,borghese1 at ,rome 7,fig4 #ah74 ,! attributes ( ,v5us v>y mu* accord+ to ! prevail+ conception ( ! goddess4 ,! dove1 ! sp>r[1 & ! dolph91 & among plants ! myrtle1 ! rose1 ! apple1 ! poppy1 & ! lime-tree1 7 sacr$ to h]4 #h4 ,h]mes 7,m]curius74--,h]mes 0 ! son ( ,zeus & ,maia1 a daught] ( ,atlas4 ,he 0 born 9 a grotto ( ,m\nt ,cyll5e 9 ,arcadia1 :5ce he is call$ ,cyll5ius4 ,we "k ! /ories ( 8 y\? *iefly f ! s-call$ ,hom]ic ,hymn4 ,f ?is we le>n h[ ,h]mes1 soon aft] 8 bir?1 sprang f 8 "m's lap to seek ! ox5 ( ,apollo4 ,f9d+ outside ! cave a tortoise1 he /ret*$ /r+s across its %ell1 & ?us made a lyre1 to :i* he sung ! loves ( ,zeus & ,maia4 ,!n hid+ ! lyre 9 8 cradle1 he w5t out to seek = food4 ,com+ to ,pi]ia 9 ! ev5+1 he /ole !nce fifty c[s f ! h]ds ( ,apollo1 & drove !m to ! riv] ,alphes4 ,"h he slew two ( !m1 & roa/$ ! fle%1 b c\ld n swall[ x4 ,!n return+ home 9 ! e>ly morn+1 he pass$ ?r\gh ! key-hole l ! morn+ breeze1 & lay d[n 9 8 cradle4 ,apollo1 h[ev]1 soon rem>k$ ! !ft1 & hurri$ aft] ! impud5t robb]4 ,h]mes n[ play$ ! innoc5t1 & ob/9ately d5i$ ! *>ge2 b ,apollo 0 n to be deceiv$1 & =c$ ! "y ?ief to accompany him to ! ?rone ( ,zeus to h _! qu>rel decid$4 ,zeus ord]$ ,h]mes to re/ore ! cattle1 b ,apollo gladly made !m ov] to ,h]mes on receiv+ ! newly-inv5t$ lyre4 ,?us ,h]mes became ! god ( %eph]ds & pa/ures1 :il/ ,apollo h5ce=? zeal\sly devot$ himself to ! art ( music4 ,z a tok5 ( _! ?or\gh reconciliation1 ,apollo gave 8 bro!r god ! gold5 ,caduceus1 or magic w&1 by means ( :i* he c\ld be/[ happ9ess on :omsoev] he w\ld2 & h5ce=? bo? dwelt toge!r 9 ! utmo/ h>mony & love1 ! fav\rite sons ( _! fa!r ,zeus4 ,v>i\s int]pretations h be5 giv5 ( ! nature ( ,h]mes4 ,"s h se5 9 him ! ?und]/orm1 "s ! dawn1 & "s ! morn+ breeze4 ,! "n ,h]mes1 comp>$ ) ! correspond+ ,indian words1 seems to make 8 connection ) ! morn+ c]ta94 ,sev]al po9ts 9 ! leg5d j relat$ guide u to ! breeze r ?an ! dawn2 ! inv5tion ( music1 ! k9e c>ri$ (f--:i*1 nev]!less1 he _c eat 7! w9d _c consume z fire does :at x breaks d[n & c>ries (f7--& ! pass+ ?r\gh ! key-hole 8l ! morn+ breeze40 ,s also 8 function ( guide & conductor ( ! s\l1 :i* we %all speak ( pres5tly4 ,! foll[+ are ! mo/ important features 9 ! "* ( ,h]mes3--,n only does he promote ! fruitfulness ( flocks & h]ds1 b he also be/[s prosp]ity & success on all und]tak+s1 especially ^? ( trade & comm]ce4 ,z ! gu>dian ( ! /reets & roads1 & ! fri5dly guide ( ^? travell+ on bus9ess1 ,h]mes mu/ h appe>$ especially wor?y ( hon\r among ! ,greeks1 :o 7 at all times %>p & gre$y m5 ( bus9ess4 ,accord+ly1 m5 erect$ 9 8 hon\r1 on ! roads1 :at 7 call$ ,h]m--m]e blocks ( /one1 or po/s1 ) "o or m heads3 ^! latt] 7 at cross-roads1 & also s]v$ z f+]-po/s4 ,h]m#c 7 also (t5 to be se5 9 ! /reets ( t[ns & 9 public squ>es4 ,n only did ,h]mes protect & guide m]*ants :il/ travell+1 b he also end[$ !m ) %rewdness & cunn+ to outwit o!rs4 ,& z a god :o _h himself comm5c$ 8 c>e] by a dext]\s !ft1 he 0 fa9 to all[ ?ieves & rogues to invoke 8 protection be=e ent]+ on _! op]ations2 j z 9 ! pres5t day robb]s & b&its 9 ,italy or ,greece see no?+ /range 9 ask+ _! patron sa9t to be/[ on !m a ri* prey4 ,e *ance ga9--9 gambl+1 = in/ance--& e =tunate discov]y 7 attribut$ to ,h]mes4 ,footnote #c3 ,9 ?is mean+1 h[ev]1 "s h d]iv$ ! ^w f a diff]5t root1 & suppos$ x to mean orig9ally only 8pill>s40 ,?\gh play+ su* an important "p 9 human life1 ,h]mes also appe>s z ! fleet mess5g] & dext]\s ag5t ( ,zeus4 ,x is 9 ?is guise t ! epic poets love to depict him4 ,) 8 gold5-w+$ %oes he passes m swiftly ?an ! w9d ov] l& & sea1 execut+ ! commissions ( 8 fa!r ,zeus or ! o!r inhabitants ( ,olympus4 ,?us he is s5t by ,zeus to comm& ! nymph ,calypso to release ,odysseus1 & to w>n gi/hus aga9/ ! murd] ( ,agamemnon4 ,at times1 difficult tasks are allott$ to him2 = in/ance1 ! de/ruction ( ! hundr$-ey$ gu>dian ( ,io1 on :i* acc\nt ,hom] calls him ! ,argus-slay]4 ,d\btless 9 ?is my? ! hundr$-ey$ ,argus repres5ts ! />ry heav5s2 ,argus is sla9 by ,h]mes1 t is1 9 ! morn+ ! />s cease to be visible4 ,z mess5g] & h]ald ( ! gods1 he is a model = all e>?ly h]alds1 :o1 9 anci5t times1 7 ! indisp5sable ag5ts ( k+s 9 e difficult bus9ess4 ,h5ce he be>s ! h]ald's /aff1 or caduceus4 ,?is is ! same w& once giv5 him by ,apollo1 consi/+ ( ?ree bran*es1 "o ( :i* =ms ! h&le1 :il/ ! o!r two bran* (f l a =k1 & are jo9$ 9 a knot4 ,! orig9 ( ?is h]ald's /aff appe>s to h be5 ! olive bran* wrea!d ) fillets ( wool4 ,x 0 only at a lat] p]iod t ! two la/ 7 conv]t$ into s]p5ts4 ,by means ( ?is w& ,h]mes c ei!r induce deep sleep or r\se a slumb]]1 b he uses x *iefly 9 guid+ s\ls to ! inf]nal regions4 ,?is leads u to speak ( ! important (fice ( ,h]mes z ,psy*opompus1 or conductor ( ! s\l4 ,e s\l1 aft] dea?1 comm5c$ its j\rney to ! region ( %ad[s "u ! guidance ( ! god4 ,on extraord9>y occasions1 :]e1 = in/ance1 ! spirits 7 summon$ 9 ! oracles ( ! dead1 ,h]mes _h to reconduct ! s\ls ( ! dep>t$ to ! upp] _w1 ?us becom+ a m$iator betwe5 ^! two regions1 9 o!r respects s f> divid$4 ,z dreams come f ! l[] _w1 ,h]mes 0 naturally reg>d$ z ! deity f :om !y proce$$2 on :i* acc\nt p 7 wont to ask him = good dreams be=e go+ to sleep4 ,! highe/ conception ( ,h]mes1 h[ev]1 is t ( ! god :o presides ov] ! br++ up ( *ildr52 &1 inde$1 :at god 0 m fitt$ to be pres5t$ z an example to ,grecian y\? ?an ! mess5g] ( ! gods1 equally dext]\s 9 m9d & body8 ,he is ! fleete/ ( runn]s & ! mo/ skilful ( disc-?r[]s & box]s2 & ?\gh he does n1 l ,apollo1 repres5t any ( ! high] =ms ( intellectual life1 /ill he possesses 9 ! highe/ degree t practical common s5se :i* 0 s greatly valu$ among ! ,greeks4 ,! wre/l+ s*ool & ! gymnasium 7 consequ5tly reg>d$ z 8 in/itutions1 & adorn$ ) 8 /atues4 ,9 fur!r developm5t ( 8 relation to ! education ( ! "y1 lat] poets ev5 made him ! inv5tor ( spee*1 ( ! alphabet1 & ( ! art ( int]pret+ languages4 ,! cu/om :i* prevail$ among ! ,greeks ( (f]+ him ! tongues ( ! slaught]$ animals1 %[s cle>ly t !y also consid]$ him z ! patron ( eloqu5ce4 ,!re is little to be said ( ! ,roman ,m]cury4 ,z 8 "n 7f m]c>i1 to trade7 signifies1 he 0 consid]$ by ! ,romans solely z god ( trade4 ,8 wor%ip 0 introduc$ at ! same "t z t ( ,c]es--"s ye>s aft] ! expulsion ( ! ,t>qu9s1 at a season ( great sc>city--b appe>s to h become conf9$ to ! plebeians4 ,! guild ( m]*ants reg>d$ him z _! tutel>y deity1 & (f]$ sacrifices to him & 8 "m ,maia on ! ,ides ( ,may4 ,! pla/ic repres5tation ( ,h]mes made equal progress ) 8 ideal developm5t4 ,! fir/ /atues ( ! god1 f\nd$ on ! anci5t ,h]m already m5tion$1 repres5t$ him z a %eph]d1 sometimes z ! h]ald & mess5g] ( ! gods1 always z a p[]ful1 be>d$ man4 ,lat]1 he assum$ a m y\?ful appe>ance1 & 0 repres5t$ z a be>dless y\? 9 ! v prime ( /r5g?1 ) broad *e/1 li! b p[]ful limbs1 curly hair1 & small e>s1 m\?1 & eyes2 altoge!r a wond]ful comb9ation ( grace & vig\r4 ,if we add to ?is ! expression ( k9dly b5evol5ce :i* plays ar\nd 8 f9ely-cut lips1 & ! inquir+ look ( 8 face z he b5ds =w>d ?\ghtfully1 we h ! pr9cipal *>act]i/ic features ( ! god4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4--,re/+ ,h]mes4 ,bronze ,/atue at ,naples4 ,among exi/+ /atues1 a full-siz$ 8,h]mes at re/10 9 bronze1 :i* 0 f\nd at ,h]culaneum1 & is n[ 9 ! ,naples ,museum1 is p]haps mo/ wor?y ( m5tion4 ,he "h appe>s z ! mess5g] ( ! gods1 & has j sat d[n on a rock to re/4 ,! w+$ s&als =m 8 only clo?+1 & ^! are1 /rictly speak+1 n really s&als1 b simply /raps cov]+ ! foot1 to :i* w+s are fa/5$ close to ! ankles 7,fig4 #ai74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj4--,/atue ( ,h]mes4 ,capitol9e ,collection4 ,a spl5did m>ble /atue ( ! ,vatican collection1 :i*1 0 once tak5 = ,ant9\s1 portrays ! god z ! patron ( wre/l+2 ! ,caduceus :i* he holds 9 8 left h& is1 h[ev]1 a mod]n addition4 ,9 ! ,h]mes ,ludovisi ( ,rome we h a graceful repres5tation ( ,h]mes ,logius1 ! patron ( ! art ( rhetoric4 ,! w+s are "h n plac$ on ! feet1 or ev5 directly on ! head1 z is (t5 ! case1 b are fa/5$ to a l[ r\nd travell+-hat4 ,a pretty bronze /atuette 9 ! ,briti% ,museum depicts ,h]mes z ! god ( trade & comm]ce1 ) a well-fill$ purse 9 8 h&4 ,su* is also ! conception ( a f9e /atue ( ! ,capitol9e collection at ,rome 7,fig4 #bj74 ,! pr9cipal attributes ( ! god h already be5 incid5tally m5tion$3 !y are w+s on ! feet1 head1 or cap2 ! h]ald's /aff1 ! votive b[l1 & ! purse4 #i4 ,heph/us 7,vulcan74--,heph/us1 ! god ( fire & ! =ge1 0 commonly reg>d$ z a son ( ,zeus & ,h]a4 ,he 0 s lame & ugly t 8 "m 9 %ame ca/ him f heav5 into ! sea4 ,b ,eurynome & ,!tis1 ! ,oceanids1 took pity on him1 & t5d$ him = n9e ye>s 9 a deep grotto ( ! sea1 9 return = :i* he made !m _m ornam5ts4 ,aft] be+ reconcil$ to 8 "m1 he return$ to ,olympus "u ! guidance ( ,dionysus4 ,accord+ to ano!r n less popul> acc\nt1 x 0 n 8 "m :o treat$ him s cruelly1 b ,zeus4 ,heph/us1 on ! occasion ( a qu>rel betwe5 ,zeus & ,h]a1 came to ! help ( 8 "m1 :]eupon ! angry god ( heav5 seiz$ him by ! foot & hurl$ him f ,olympus4 ,! un=tunate ,heph/us fell = a :ole day1 b alight$ at sund[n on ! isle ( ,lemnos ) b little brea? 9 8 body4 ,"h ! ,s9tians1 :o inhabit$ ! isl&1 t5d$ him till 8 recov]y4 ,lat] writ]s say t x 0 f ?is fall t he became lame4 ,! same fundam5tal idea lies at ! root ( ^! v>i\s leg5ds1 viz41 t fire fir/ came d[n f heav5 9 ! =m ( lightn+4 ,heph/us orig9ally repres5t$ ! elem5t ( fire1 & all ! effects ( fire are accord+ly ref]r$ to him4 ,! fires ( ! e>? break =? f ! op5 crat]s ( volcanoes2 x mu/ !re=e be ,heph/us :o is work+ 9 ! mid/ ( ! fi]y m\nta91 :]e he has 8 =ges & 8 smi?ies4 ,s says ! leg5d ( ,m\nt ,mosy*lus1 9 ,lemnos1 ! *ief seat ( 8 wor%ip4 ,sc>cely less celebrat$1 f its connection ) him1 0 ,m\nt tna1 9 ,sicily4 ,aft] x 0 obs]v$ t ! w9e 0 p>ticul>ly good 9 ! neighb\rhood ( volcanic m\nta9s1 ! /ory ( ! intimate fri5d%ip betwe5 ,heph/us & ,dionysus 0 concoct$4 ,! mo/ b5eficial action ( fire is manife/$ 9 its p[] to melt metals & r5d] !m useful to man 9 ! %ape ( implem5ts & tools ( all k9ds4 ,h5ce ! conception ( ! "* ( ,heph/us t5d$ ev] m & m to repres5t him z ! ma/] ( all +5i\s work+ 9 metals1 & z ! patron ( artific]s & craftsm5 us+ fire4 ,9 ?is "* he 0 br\ght into close connection ) ! art-lov+ goddess ,a!ne1 & h5ce we see :y bo? ^! div9ities enjoy$ s _m k9dr$ hon\rs & _h s _m fe/ivals 9 common at ,a!ns1 ! *ief seat ( ,greek sci5ce & art4 ,x 0 also *iefly 9 ! "* ( artific] t ,heph/us 0 treat$ ( by ! poets1 :o delight to describe ! gorge\s braz5 palace :i* he built himself on ,olympus1 9 :i* 0 a huge work%op ) tw5ty cunn+ly-devis$ pairs ( bell[s4 ,he also con/ruct$ !re ! imp]i%able dwell+s ( ! gods4 ,_m also 7 ! +5i\s implem5ts :i* he con/ruct$1 su* z ! walk+ tables1 or tripods1 :i* mov$ ( _! own accord into ! banquet+-*amb] ( ! gods1 & !n return$ to _! places aft] ! meal 0 ov]4 ,he also made himself two gold5 /atues ( maid5s1 to assi/ him 9 walk+1 & be/[$ on !m spee* & motion4 ,among ! o!r works ( 8 m5tion$ by ! poets are ! gis & sceptre ( ,zeus1 ! trid5t ( ,poseidon1 ! %ield ( ,h]acles1 & ! arm\r ( ,a*illes1 among :i*1 also1 0 a %ield ( extraord9>y beauty4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba4--;,heph/us4 ,bronze ,figure 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! wor%ip ( ,heph/us 0 n v ext5sive 9 ,greece4 ,! mo/ important seat ( 8 wor%ip 0 ! isle ( ,lemnos1 :]e he 0 suppos$ to dwell on ,m\nt ,mosy*lus ) 8 workm51 ! ,cabiri1 :o answ] to ! ,cyclopes ( tna4 ,he 0 held 9 great e/eem at ,a!ns1 :]e1 at diff]5t fe/ivals1 tor* races 7 held 9 8 hon\r4 ,"y m5 ran ) burn+ tor*es1 & :oev] fir/ rea*$ ! goal ) 8 tor* alight receiv$ ! prize4 ,he 01 moreov]1 highly v5]at$ by ! ,greeks 9 ,campania & ,sicily1 a fact :i* may be easily expla9$ by ! fi]y m\nta9s ( ^! places4 ,! ,romans call$ ?is god ,vulcanus1 or1 accord+ to its m anci5t spell+1 ,volcanus4 ,!y hon\r$ 9 him ! bless+s & b5eficial action ( fire4 ,!y also s\ght 8 protection aga9/ conflagrations4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ! ,greek writ]s1 ! orig9al & m common conception ( ! god gave place to ! popul> image ( ! smi?-god1 or ,mulcib]1 :o _h 8 =ges 9 tna1 or on ! ,lip>i ,isles1 & :o vi$ ) 8 comrades 9 wield+ ! hamm]4 ,9 correspond5ce ) ! ,greek my?s1 ,v5us 0 giv5 him to wife2 by ?is m5 d\btless s\ght to convey ! idea t truly arti/ic works c only be creat$ 9 h>mony ) beauty4 ,! *ief %r9e ( ! god 9 ,rome 0 ! ,volcanal1 9 ! ,comitium1 :i* 0 n really a temple1 b m]ely a cov]$ fire-place4 ,9 ! ,campus ,m>tius1 h[ev]1 0 a real temple close to ! ,flam9ian ,circus1 :]e ! fe/ival ( ! ,volcanalia 0 celebrat$ ) e k9d ( game on ! #bcrd day ( ,augu/4 ,greek & ,roman arti/s g5]ally repres5t$ ?is god z a p[]ful1 be>d$ man ( full age4 ,he is di/+ui%$ by ! %ortness ( 8 left leg1 by ! %>p1 %rewd glance ( 8 cunn+ eye1 & 8 firm m\?4 ,8 attributes are ! smi?'s tools1 ! po9t$ oval workman's cap1 & ! %ort upp] g>m5t ( ! craftsman or humble citiz54 ,) ! exception ( "s small bronzes 9 ,london & ,b]l91 & a newly discov]$ m>ble bu/ ( ! ,vatican collection1 we possess no antique /atues ( ! god wor? m5tion+4 ,! engrav+ 7,fig4 #ba7 is f a bronze 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 #aj4 ,he/ia 7,ve/a74--,x mu/ h be5 at a comp>atively late p]iod t ,he/ia1 ! daught] ( ,cronus & ,rhea1 atta9$ a g5]al v5]ation1 z h] "n is n m5tion$ ei!r 9 ! ,iliad or ,odyssey4 ,he/ia is ! gu>dian angel ( mank9d1 :o gu>ds ! security ( ! dwell+1 & is1 9 consequ5ce1 reg>d$ z ! goddess ( ! family he>?1 ! c5tre ( dome/ic life4 ,! he>? possess$ among ! anci5ts a f> high] significance ?an x does 9 mod]n life4 ,x n only s]v$ = ! prep>ation ( meals1 b 0 also e/eem$ ! sacr$ alt> ( ! h\se2 !re ! images ( ! h\sehold gods 7 plac$1 & ?i!r1 aft] ! old patri>*al fa%ion1 ! fa!r & prie/ ( ! family (f]$ sacrifice on all ! important occasions ( dome/ic life4 ,no (f]+ 0 made 9 :i* ,he/ia1 ! v c5tre ( all dome/ic life1 _h n h] %>e4 ,& z ! /ate is compos$ ( families1 ! goddess ( ! dome/ic circle naturally becomes ! protectress ( e political community4 ,on ?is acc\nt1 9 ,greek /ates ! ,prytaneum1 or seat ( ! gov]n+ body1 0 d$icat$ to ,he/ia2 !re %e _h an alt>1 on :i* a fire 0 ev] kept burn+4 ,f ?is alt> coloni/s1 :o 7 ab\t to leave _! native l& 9 se>* ( new homes1 always took "s fire--a pleas+ figurative indication ( ! moral ties betwe5 ! colony & ! "m c\ntry4 ,z ! he>?-fire ( ! ,prytaneum 0 an outw>d & visible sign to ! memb]s ( a /ate t !y 7 "o great family1 s ! ,he/ia ( ! temple at ,delphi signifi$ to ! ,greeks _! national connection & ! unity ( _! wor%ip4 ,h] alt> 9 ?is temple 0 plac$ 9 ! hall be=e ! cave ( ! oracle2 on x 0 plac$ ! celebrat$ omphalus 7navel ( ! e>?1 likewise an emblem ( ! goddess71 ,delphi be+ reg>d$ by ! ,greeks z ! c5tre ( ! :ole e>?4 ,"h1 too1 a fire 0 kept ev] burn+ 9 hon\r ( ,he/ia4 ,! "* ( ! goddess 0 z pure & unt>ni%$ z flame itself4 ,n only did %e h]self rema9 a virg91 ?\gh woo$ by bo? ,poseidon & ,apollo1 b h] s]vice c\ld be p]=m$ only by *a/e virg9s4 ,%e does n appe> to h _h a sep>ate temple ( h] own 9 ,greece1 s9ce %e _h a place 9 e temple4 ,! s]vice ( ,ve/a occupi$ a f> m important place 9 ! public life ( ! ,romans4 ,h] mo/ anci5t temple1 :i* 0 suppos$ to h be5 built by ,numa ,pompilius1 0 situat$ on ! slope ( ! ,palat9e opposite ! ,=um4 ,x 0 built 9 a circle1 & 0 ( mod]ate dim5sions1 be+1 inde$1 little m ?an a cov]$ fire-place4 ,9 x ! et]nal fire1 a symbol ( ! life ( ! /ate1 0 kept burn+4 ,"h1 too1 ! s]vice 0 p]=m$ by virg9s1 ^: numb] 0 at fir/ f\r1 b 0 aft]w>ds increas$ to six4 ,_! *ief occupation 0 to ma9ta9 ! sacr$ fire1 & to (f] up daily pray]s at ! alt> ( ! goddess = ! welf>e ( ! ,roman p4 ,! ext9ction ( ! sacr$ flame 0 e/eem$ an om5 ( com+ mis=tune1 & br\ght sev]e puni%m5t on ! neglig5t prie/ess4 ,! *oice ( ve/als lay ) ! ,pontifex ,maximus4 ,!y 7 *os5 betwe5 ! ages ( six & t5 ye>s1 always out ( ! be/ ,roman families4 ,= ?irty ye>s !y rema9$ b\nd to _! sacr$ (fice1 dur+ :i* "t !y _h to pres]ve ! /ricte/ *a/ity4 ,aft] ! lapse ( ?irty ye>s !y return$ to civil life1 & 7 p]mitt$ to m>ry if !y lik$4 ,ano!r sanctu>y ( ,ve/a exi/$ 9 ,lav9ium1 ! metropolis ( ! ,lat9s1 :]e ! ,roman consuls1 aft] ent]+ on _! (fice1 _h to p]=m a solemn sacrifice4 ,! fe/ival ( ,ve/a 0 celebrat$ on ! #i? ( ,june1 on :i* occasion ! ,roman wom5 7 wont to make a pilgrimage b>efoot$ to ! temple ( ! goddess1 & place be=e h] (f]+s ( food4 ,9 ! dome/ic life ( ! ,romans ! he>? & ! he>?-goddess ,ve/a occupi$ z important a position z among ! ,greeks4 ,! wor%ip ( ,ve/a is closely connect$ ) t ( ! ,p5ates1 ! k9dly1 protect+1 h\sehold gods1 :o provid$ = ! daily wants ( life1 & ab\t :om we %all h m to say be=e conclud+ ! subject ( ! gods4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4--,ve/a ,giu/9iani4 ,torlonia ,collection4 ,agreeably to ! *a/e1 pure "* ( ! goddess1 %e c\ld only be repres5t$ 9 art ) an expression ( ! /ricte/ moral purity2 %e g5]ally appe>s ei!r sitt+ or /&+1 h] c\nt5ance *>act]is$ by a ?\ghtful gravity ( expression4 ,h] pr9cipal attributes consi/ ( ! votive b[l1 ! tor*1 ! simpulum1 or small cup1 :i* 0 us$ 9 mak+ libations1 & ! sceptre4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! dignity & sanctity ( h] "*1 %e 0 always repres5t$ z fully clo!d1 :i* may acc\nt = ! fact t ! anci5ts _h s few /atues ( ! goddess4 ,we may1 !re=e1 consid] x =tunate t su* a spl5did example z ! ,ve/a ,giu/9iani1 :i* belongs to ! private collection ( ,pr9ce ,torlonia1 at ,rome1 has come d[n to u4 ,x is suppos$ to be an orig9al "w ( ! be/ p]iod ( ,greek art4 ,! goddess is repres5t$ z /&+ 9 a calm po/ure1 h] "r h& press$ aga9/ h] side1 :il/ ) ! left %e po9ts significantly t[>ds heav51 z ?\gh wi%+ to impress on mank9d :]e to direct _! pray]s & ?\ghts 7,fig4 #bb74 #aa4 ,janus4--,among ! mo/ important gods ( ! ,romans 0 ! celebrat$ ,janus1 a deity q unkn[n to ! ,greeks4 ,9 8 orig9al "* he 0 probably a god ( ! light & sun--! male c\nt]p>t1 9 fact1 ( ,jana1 or ,diana1 & ?us v simil> to ! ,greek ,apollo4 ,z long z he ma9ta9$ ?is orig9al "*1 d]iv$ f nature1 he 0 reg>d$ z ! god ( all g]ms & fir/ beg9n+s1 & possess$1 9 consequ5ce1 an important influ5ce bo? on ! public & private life ( ! ,romans4 ,we mu/ conf9e ourselves to m5tion+ "s ( ! mo/ important traits result+ f ?is view ( 8 "*4 ,fir/1 ,janus is ! god ( all beg9n+s ( "t4 ,he beg9s ! new ye>1 ^: fir/ mon? 0 call$ ,janu>y aft] him1 & 0 d$icat$ to him4 ,?us1 ,new ,ye>'s ,day 7,kal5d ,janu>i7 0 ! mo/ important fe/ival ( ! god2 on ?is occasion ! h\ses & doors 7 adorn$ ) g>l&s & laurel b\ghs1 ! laurel be+ suppos$ to ex]cise a pot5t influ5ce aga9/ all magic & diseases4 ,relatives & fri5ds ex*ang$ small pres5ts 7pr9cipally sweets2 = example1 dates & figs wrapp$ 9 laurel leaves7 & good wi%es = ! com+ ye>4 ,! god himself receiv$ (f]+s ( cake1 w9e1 & inc5se1 & 8 /atue 0 adorn$ ) fre% laurel b\ghs4 ,?is (f]+ 0 repeat$ on ! fir/ day ( e mon?1 = ,janus op5$ up e mon?2 & z ! ,kal5ds 7 sacr$ to ,juno1 he 0 !re=e call$ ,junonius4 ,9 ! same way ,janus 0 suppos$ to beg9 e new day1 & call$ ,matut9us ,pat]4 ,he also appe>s z ! doorkeep] ( heav51 ^: gates he op5$ 9 ! morn+ & clos$ 9 ! ev5+4 ,f be+ ! god ( all temporal beg9n+s1 he soon became ! patron & protector ( all ! beg9n+s ( human activity4 ,! ,romans _h a mo/ sup]/iti\s belief 9 ! importance ( a good comm5cem5t = ev]y?+1 conclud+ t ?is _h a magical influ5ce on ! good or evil result ( e und]tak+4 ,?us1 nei!r 9 public nor private life did !y ev] und]take any?+ ( importance )\t fir/ confid+ ! beg9n+ to ! protection ( ,janus4 ,among ! mo/ important ev5ts ( political life 0 ! dep>ture ( ! y\? ( ! c\ntry to w>4 ,an (f]+ 0 !re=e made to ! god by ! dep>t+ g5]al1 & ! temple1 or cov]$ passage sacr$ to ! god1 0 left op5 dur+ ! cont9uance ( ! w>1 z a sign t ! god _h dep>t$ ) ! troops & _h !m "u 8 protection4 ,! consul nev] neglect$1 :5 he ent]$ on 8 (fice1 to ask ! bless+ ( ,janus1 & ! assemblies nev] began _! consultations )\t invok+ ,janus4 ,9 ! same way ! private citiz51 9 all important occurr5ces & und]tak+s1 s\ght by pray]s & v[s to acquire ! fav\r ( ,janus4 ,! husb&man1 be=e he comm5c$ ei!r to s[ or to reap1 br\ght to ,janus ,consivius an (f]+ ( cake & w9e4 ,! m]*ant1 :5 he ent]$ on a j\rney ( bus9ess1 & ! sailor1 :5 he weigh$ an*or & />t$ on a long & dang]\s voyage1 nev] omitt$ to invoke ! bless+ ( ! god4 ,?is view ( ! god also expla9s ! cu/om ( call+ on ,janus fir/ 9 e pray] & at e sacrifice1 s9ce1 z keep] ( ! gates ( heav51 he also appe>$ to give admittance to ! pray]s ( m54 ,z ! god ( all fir/ beg9n+s1 ,janus is also ! s\rce ( all spr+s1 riv]s1 & /reams ( ! e>?4 ,on ?is acc\nt ! f\nta9 nymphs 7 g5]ally look$ on z 8 wives1 & ,fontus & ,tib]9us z 8 sons4 ,! p[] ( ,janus 9 caus+ spr+s to rise sudd5ly f ! e>? 0 exp]i5c$1 to _! co/1 by ! ,sab9es4 ,! latt]1 9 consequ5ce ( ! rape ( _! wom51 _h ov]run ! infant /ate ( ,rome1 & 7 ab\t to introduce !mselves into ! t[n on ! ,palat9e ?r\gh an op5 gate1 :5 !y sudd5ly f\nd !mselves dr5*$ by a hot sulphur spr+ t gu%$ viol5tly f ! e>?1 & 7 oblig$ to retire4 ,9 ! leg5d allud$ to1 ,janus appe>s z ! protector ( ! gates ( ! city4 ,z ! god :o presid$ ov] ! =tunate entrance to & exit f all h\ses1 /reets1 & t[ns1 ,janus 0 held 9 high hon\r among ! p4 ,8 "* z gu>dian ( gates & doors br\ght him into close connection ) ! ,p5ates & o!r h\sehold gods2 h5ce ! cu/om ( erect+ ov] ! doors an image ( ! deity ) ! well-kn[n two faces1 "o ( :i* look$ out & ! o!r 94 ,janus _h no temple1 9 ! prop] s5se ( ! ^w1 at ,rome4 ,8 %r9es consi/$ ( gateways 9 common places ( resort & at cross-roads1 or ( ar*$ passages1 9 :i* ! image ( ! god 0 erect$4 ,! ,temple ( ,janus 9 ! ,=um at ,rome1 :i* has be5 already allud$ to1 0 a sanctu>y ( ?is k9d clos$ ) doors1 & 0 probably ! mo/ anci5t 9 ! city4 ,its doors /ood op5 only 9 "t ( w>4 ,roman art nev] succe$$ 9 execut+ a pla/ic repres5tation peculi> to ,janus1 ! d\ble head be+ only an imitation ( ! ,greek d\ble ,h]m4 ,9 c\rse ( "t entire figures ( ,janus appe>$1 b ^! always _h a d\ble face4 ,!y 7 g5]ally be>d$1 b 9 lat] times "o face 0 be>d$1 ! o!r y\?ful4 ,n "o specim5 ( ^! works ( art has be5 pres]v$1 s t we only "k ^! =ms f co9s4 ,! usual attributes ( ,janus 7 keys & /aff4 #ab4 ,quir9us4--,quir9us 0 also a purely ,roman div9ity1 b hav+ be5 reckon$ among ! great deities ( heav51 he mu/ !re=e be m5tion$ "h4 ,9 8 symbolic mean+ he bore a great resemblance to ,m>s2 & z ,m>s 0 ! national god ( ! ,lat9 population ( ,rome1 s ,quir9us 0 ! national god ( ! ,sab9es :o came to ,rome ) ,titus ,tatius4 ,toge!r ) ,jupit] & ,m>s1 he =m$ ! tutel>y ,tr9ity ( ! ,roman empire4 ,8 %r9e 0 on ! ,quir9al1 :i* 0 orig9ally inhabit$ by ! ,sab9es1 & :i* 0 nam$ aft] him4 ,numa gave ,quir9us a prie/ ( 8 own4 ,he _h a special fea/ on ! #ag? ( ,febru>y1 b 8 wor%ip appe>s to h assimilat$ itself m & m to t ( ,m>s4 ,he 0 subsequ5tly id5tifi$ ) ,romulus4 ,b4--,,second>y ,,deities4 #a4 ,att5dant & ,m9i/]+ ,deities4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bc4--;,head ( ,eros4 ,vatican4 #a4 ,eros 7,amor74--,( ! deities :o appe> 9 ! tra9 ( ,aphrodite1 ,eros alone seems to h enjoy$ div9e hon\rs2 ,long+ & ,desire be+ no m ?an allegorical figures typify+ "s ( ! influ5ces t emanate f ! goddess ( love4 ,eros 0 commonly reput$ ! son ( ,aphrodite & ,ares1 & 0 g5]ally depict$ z a boy ( wondr\s beauty1 on ! v]ge ( y\?4 ,8 *>act]i/ic weapon is a gold5 b[1 ) :i* he %oots =? 8 arr[s f secret lurk+-places1 ) an unfail+ effect t repres5ts ! sweet b consum+ pangs ( love4 ,zeus himself is repres5t$ z unable to )/& 8 influ5ce--an intimation t love is "o ( ! mo/ t]rible & mighty =ces ( nature4 ,z unrequit$ love is aimless1 ,ant]os 0 conceiv$ by ! imag9ation ( ! poets z ! bro!r & companion ( ,eros1 & consequ5tly a son ( ,aphrodite4 ,z ! little ,eros1 says ! my?1 w\ld nei!r gr[ nor ?rive1 8 "m1 by ! advice ( ,!mis1 gave him ?is bro!r z a playfell[2 aft] :i* ! boy 0 glad s long z 8 bro!r 0 ) him1 b sad 9 8 abs5ce4 ,eros 0 n only v5]at$ z ! god :o k9dles love betwe5 ! sexes1 b 0 also reg>d$ z ! au?or ( love & fri5d%ip betwe5 y\?s & m54 ,on ?is acc\nt 8 /atue 0 g5]ally plac$ 9 ! gymnasia betwe5 ^? ( ,h]mes & ,h]acles2 & ! ,sp>tans sacrific$ to him be=e battle1 b9d+ !mselves to hold toge!r fai?fully 9 battle1 & to /& by "o ano!r 9 ! h\r ( ne$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bd4--;,eros try+ 8 ,b[4 ,capitol9e ,museum4 ,?is deity 0 t]m$ by ! ,romans ,amor1 or ,cupido1 b ?is 0 solely 9 imitation ( ! ,greek ,eros1 s9ce he nev] enjoy$ among !m any public v5]ation4 ,! significant fable ( ! love ( ,cupid = ,psy*e1 a p]sonification ( ! human s\l1 is ( comp>atively late orig91 ?\gh x 0 a v fav\rite subject 9 art4 ,arti/s foll[$ ! poets 9 ! del9eation ( ,eros1 9 s f> z !y g5]ally depict$ him z a boy on ! conf9es ( y\?4 ,an ,eros by ! r5[n$ arti/ ,praxiteles 0 e/eem$ "o ( ! be/ works ( antiquity4 ,x 0 br\ght to ,rome by ,n]o1 b 0 de/roy$ by fire 9 ! reign ( ,titus4 ,9 lat] times ! god ( love 0 repres5t$ z mu* y\ng]1 because ! mis*iev\s pranks attribut$ to him by ! poets 7 m adapt$ to ! age ( *ildhood4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #be4--,polyhymnia4 ,b]l9 ,museum4 ,a consid]able numb] ( /atues or /atuettes ( ,eros h come d[n to u f antiquity4 ,among ! mo/ celebrat$ is ! ,torso 7mutilat$ /atue7 ( ! ,vatican1 ( ! glori\s head ( :i* we give an engrav+ 7,fig4 #bc74 ,!re is also an 8,eros try+ 8 b[0 7,fig4 #bd7 9 ! ,capitol9e ,museum at ,rome1 & an 8,eros play+ ) dice0 9 ! ,b]l9 ,museum4 ,la/ly1 !re is ! celebrat$ gr\p ( ! ,capitol9e ,museum1 :i* repres5ts ! embraces ( ,cupid & ,psy*e4 ,eros g5]ally appe>s ) w+s 9 ! art monum5ts ( antiquity4 ,8 insignia are b[ & arr[s1 9 addition to a burn+ tor*4 ,! rose 0 held especially sacr$ to him1 = :i* reason he (t5 appe>s cr[n$ ) roses4 ,9 connection ) ,v5us & 9 company ) ,amor we f9d ,hym5u1 a p]sonification ( ! joys ( m>riage1 :o 01 h[ev]1 only recognis$ by lat] writ]s & by lat] art4 ,he is portray$ z a beautiful y\?1 w+$ l ,eros1 b tall]1 & ( a m s]i\s aspect4 ,8 indisp5sable attribute is ! m>riage tor*4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bf--,melpom5e4 ,vatican4 #b4 ,! ,muses4--,p9d> gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( ! ,muses4 ,aft] ! defeat ( ! ,titans1 ! cele/ials bes\ght ,zeus to create "s be+s :o might p]petuate 9 song ! mighty de$s ( ! gods4 ,9 answ] to ?is pray]1 ,zeus begot ) ,mnemosyne 7,memory7 ! n9e ,muses4 ,!y s+ ( ! pres5t1 ! pa/1 & ! future1 :ile ,apollo's lute accompanies _! sweet /ra9s1 :i* gladd5 ! he>ts ( ! gods z !y sit assembl$ 9 ! l(ty palace ( ,fa!r ,zeus1 9 ,olympus4 ,look$ at 9 connection ) nature1 !re is little d\bt b t ! ,muses 7 orig9ally nymphs ( ! f\nta9s4 ,! v5]ation ( ! ,muses fir/ arose 9 ,pi]ia1 a di/rict on ! ea/]n declivity ( ,m\nt ,olympus 9 ,!ssaly1 f ^: /eep & rocky heights a numb] ( sweet rippl+ brooks desc5d to ! pla9s4 ,! p]ception ( ?is natural music l$ at once to a belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( su* song-lov+ goddesses4 ,_! seat 0 subsequ5tly transf]r$ f ! declivities ( ,olympus to ,m\nt ,helicon 9 ,botia1 or to ,m\nt ,p>nassus1 at ! foot ( :i* ! ,ca/alian f\nta91 :i* 0 sacr$ to !m1 _h its s\rce4 ,orig9ally ! ,muses 7 only goddesses ( song1 ?\gh !y are sometimes repres5t$ ) in/rum5ts on vases4 ,9 e>ly times1 too1 !y only appe> z a *orus or company1 b at a lat] p]iod sep>ate functions 7 assign$ to ea*1 z presid+ ov] ?is or t bran* ( art4 ,_! names 7 ,clio1 ,melpom5e1 ,t]psi*ore1 ,polyhymnia1 ,?alia1 ,urania1 ,eut]pe1 ,erato1 & ,calliope4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bg4--;,eut]pe4 ,vatican4 ,accord+ to ! art-di/ribution made1 probably1 at ! "t ( ! ,alex&r9e s*ool1 ,calliope repres5ts epic poetry & sci5ce g5]ally1 h] attributes be+ a roll ( p>*m5t & a p54 ,clio is ! muse ( hi/ory1 & is likewise *>act]is$ by a roll & p51 s t x is sometimes difficult to di/+ui% h] f ,calliope4 ,eut]pe repres5ts lyric poetry1 & is di/+ui%$ by h] d\ble flute4 ,melpom5e1 ! muse ( trag$y1 g5]ally appe>s ) a tragic mask1 a club or sword1 & a g>l& ( v9e leaves4 ,t]psi*ore is ! muse ( danc+1 & has a lyre & plectrum4 ,to ,erato is assign$ erotic poetry1 toge!r ) geometry & ! mimic art2 %e g5]ally be>s a l>ge /r+$ in/rum5t4 ,?alia1 ! muse ( com$y1 is di/+ui%$ by a comic mask1 an ivy g>l&1 & a crook4 ,polyhymnia presides ov] ! grav] *ant ( religi\s s]vice2 %e may be recognis$ by h] dress1 wrapp$ closely r\nd h]1 & h] grave1 ?\ghtful c\nt5ance1 b is )\t attribute ( any k9d4 ,la/ly1 ,urania1 ! muse ( a/ronomy1 holds 9 "o h& a cele/ial globe1 & 9 ! o!r a small w&4 ,sev]al ,european museums possess anci5t gr\ps ( ! ,muses1 among :i*1 p]haps1 ! f9e/ is t pres]v$ 9 ! ,vatican4 ,f ?is gr\p are copi$ our engrav+s ( ,melpom5e & ,eut]pe 7,figs4 #bf & #bg74 ,! orig9al ( ,polyhymnia 7,fig4 #be7 is 9 ! ,b]l9 ,museum4 ,! ,romans v5]at$ a numb] ( f\nta9-nymphs ( song & prophecy "u ! "n ( ,cam51 among :om ! ,eg]ia ( ! hi/ory ( ,numa is well kn[n4 ,! ,roman writ]s seem to h id5tifi$ ^! goddesses ) ! ,muses at pleasure4 #c4 ,! ,*>ites 7,grati74--,! ,*>ites g5]ally appe> 9 ! tra9 ( ! goddess ( love1 :om x 0 _! duty to clo! & adorn4 ,!y are (t5 f\nd1 h[ev]1 9 att5dance on o!r gods1 s9ce all t is *>m+ & graceful1 ei!r to ! s5ses or ! intellect1 0 suppos$ to proce$ f !m4 ,_! names are ,aglaa1 ,euphrosyne1 & ,?alia4 ,!y 7 commonly repres5t$ z ! daught]s ( ,zeus & ,eurynome1 ! ,oceanid4 ,lat] writ]s1 h[ev]1 make !m ! daught]s ( ,dionysus & ,aphrodite4 ,!y 7 v5]at$ z ! s\rce ( all t makes human life m beautiful & pleasant1 )\t :om !re c\ld be no real enjoym5t ( life4 ,?us1 ev5 ! gods w\ld n sit d[n to banquets )\t ! ,*>ites2 & :5ev] m5 came toge!r to fea/1 !y fir/ call$ on !m & (f]$ !m ! fir/ b[l4 ,music1 eloqu5ce1 art1 & poetry receiv$ ! high] consecration only at _! h&s2 :5ce ,p9d> t]ms 8 songs a gift f !m4 ,wisdom1 brav]y1 k9dly b5evol5ce1 & gratitude--9 f9e1 all ^? qualities :i* become m5 mo/1 & make !m agreeable 9 ! eyes ( _! fell[-m51 7 suppos$ to proce$ f ! ,*>ites4 ,! ,graces ( ! ,romans 7 simply transf]r$ f ! my?ology ( ! ,greeks1 & h1 !re=e1 ! same mean+ z ! ,*>ites4 ,art repres5t$ ! ,*>ites or ,graces z bloom+ maid5s1 ( sl5d]1 comely =m1 *>act]is$ by an expression ( joy\s innoc5ce4 ,9 _! h&s !y (t5 hold fl[]s1 ei!r roses or myrtles4 ,!y are less (t5 di/+ui%$ by def9ite attributes ?an by a mutual int]tw9+ ( arms4 ,9 e>li] ,greek art !y always appe> fully clo!d2 b gradually _! clo?+ became less & less1 until at l5g?1 9 ! age ( ,scopas & ,praxiteles1 :5 nude figures _h become common1 x entirely disappe>$4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 few anci5t /atues ( ! ,*>ites 9 exi/5ce4 #d4 ,!mis & ! ,hor 7,seasons74--,9 intimate connection ) ! ,*>ites we f9d ! ,hor1 ! daught]s ( ,zeus & ,!mis4 ,!y 7 g5]ally repres5t$ z ?ree 9 numb]--,eunomia1 ,dice1 & ,ir5e4 ,!y repres5t ! regul> m>* ( nature 9 ! *anges ( ! seasons1 & ,!mis1 :o p]sonifies ! et]nal laws ( nature1 & z ! daught] ( ,uranus & ,ga ranks among ! mo/ anci5t deities1 is consequ5tly _! "m4 ,!mis is ! repres5tative ( ! reign ( law among gods & m52 at ,zeus' comm& %e calls toge!r ! assemblies ( ! gods4 ,%e also occupies a simil> position on e>?1 z presid+ ov] national assemblies & ! laws ( hospitality4 ,h] daught]s1 ! ,hor1 appe> 9 a simil> ?\gh 9 a subord9ate & att5dant "*4 ,9 ,hom] !y figure z ! s]vants ( ,zeus1 :o wat* ! gates ( heav51 n[ clos+ !m ) ?ick cl\ds1 n[ cle>+ ! cl\ds away4 ,!y also appe> z ! s]vants & att5dants ( o!r div9ities1 su* z ,h]a1 ,aphrodite1 ,apollo1 & ! ,muses4 ,l _! "m1 !y preside ov] all law & ord] 9 human affairs2 & "u _! protection ?rives all t is noble & beautiful & good4 ,we "k b little conc]n+ ! wor%ip ( ! ,hor among ! ,greeks4 ,! ,a!nians celebrat$ a special fe/ival 9 _! hon\r1 b !y recognis$ only two--,?allo1 ! season ( blossom1 & ,c>po1 ! season ( ! rip5$ fruit4 ,! adoption ( f\r ,hor1 correspond+ to ! f\r seasons ( ! ye>1 appe>s to h aris5 at a lat] p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bh4--,! ,hor4 ,relief f ! ,villa ,albani4 ,9 pla/ic art ,!mis is g5]ally repres5t$ ) a balance 9 "o h& & a palm bran* 9 ! o!r4 ,! ,hor g5]ally appe> z lovely girls danc+ ) _! g>m5ts tuck$ up1 & adorn$ ) fl[]s1 fruit1 & g>l&s4 ,subsequ5tly !y 7 di/+ui%$ by v>i\s attributes1 typical ( ! diff]5t seasons4 ,su* is ! case 9 ! engrav+ 7,fig4 #bh71 aft] a relief 9 ! ,villa ,albani4 #e4 ,nice 7,victoria74--,nice is no?+ b a p]sonification ( ! irresi/ible & inv9cible p[] ex]cis$ by ! god ( heav5 by means ( 8 lightn+4 ,%e also appe>s 9 ! company ( ,pallas ,a!ne1 :o 0 h]self hon\r$ by ! ,a!nians z ! goddess ( victory4 ,victory does n seem to h _h _m sep>ate temples or fe/ivals1 s9ce %e g5]ally appe>s only 9 att5dance on h] sup]ior deities4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bi4--,victoria4 ,unit$ ,collections 9 ,muni*4 ,f> m ext5sive 0 ! v5]ation ( ,victoria at ,rome1 a fact = :i* ! w>like "* ( ! p easily acc\nts4 ,h] *ief %r9e 0 on ! ,capitol1 :]e successful g5]als 7 wont to erect /atues ( ! goddess 9 remembrance ( _! exploits4 ,! mo/ magnific5t /atue ( ?is k9d 0 "o erect$ by ,augu/us 9 fulfilm5t ( a v[ aft] 8 victory at ,actium4 ,! prop] fe/ival ( ! goddess took place on ! #ab? ( ,april4 ,9 bo? ,greek & ,roman art ,victory 0 repres5t$ z a w+$ goddess4 ,%e is di/+ui%$ by a palm bran* & laurel g>l&1 :i* 7 ! cu/om>y rew>ds ( brav]y among ! anci5ts4 ,l>ge /atues ( ! goddess are seldom met )1 ?\gh %e is (t5 depict$ on vases1 co9s1 & small bronzes4 ,! museum ( ,cassel has a small bronze /atue ( ! goddess1 :il/ a f9e alto-relievo 9 t]ra-cotta exi/s 9 ! ,royal ,collection at ,muni* 7,fig4 #bi74 #f4 ,iris4--,iris 0 orig9ally a p]sonification ( ! ra9b[1 b %e 0 aft]w>ds conv]t$ into ! swift mess5g] ( ! gods1 ! ra9b[ be+1 z x 71 a bridge betwe5 e>? & heav54 ,9 ?is "* %e makes h] appe>ance 9 ,hom]1 b1 lat] /ill1 %e 0 aga9 trans=m$ into a special att5dant ( ,h]a4 ,h] swiftness 0 a/\nd+2 8,l hail or sn[10 says ,hom]1 8t falls f ! cl\ds10 %e d>ts f "o end ( ! _w to ! o!r--nay1 dives to ! hidd5 dep?s ( ! ocean & into ! recesses ( ! l[] _w1 execut+ ! comm&s ( ! gods4 ,9 art ,iris 0 repres5t$ ) w+s1 l ,nice1 to :om %e1 9 _m respects1 be>s a /rong resemblance4 ,%e may be di/+ui%$ f ! latt]1 h[ev]1 by h] h]ald's /aff 7,caduceus74 ,a v mu* injur$ specim51 f ! ea/ p$im5t ( ! ,p>!non at ,a!ns1 is n[ pres]v$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 #g4 ,hebe 7,juv5tas74--,hebe 0 ! daught] ( ,zeus & ,h]a1 &1 accord+ to h] natural int]pretation1 repres5t$ ! y\?ful bloom ( ,nature4 ,9 ! fully develop$ my?ology ( ! ,greeks %e appe>s z ! cupbe>] ( ! gods1 to :om1 at meals1 %e pres5ts ! sweet nect>4 ,x may at fir/ seem /range t ! daught] ( ! greate/ ( ! div9ities ( ,greece %\ld be relegat$ to s inf]ior a position4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is easily expla9$ by ! old patri>*al cu/om ( ! ,greeks1 by :i* ! "y unm>ri$ daught]s1 ev5 9 royal palaces1 wait$ at table on ! m5 ( ! family & ! gue/s4 ,9 po/-,hom]ic poetry & leg5d ,hebe no long] appe>s z cupbe>] ( ! gods1 ! (fice hav+ be5 assign$ to ,ganym$es4 ,?is 0 ei!r 9 consequ5ce ( ! promotion ( ! son ( ! ,k+ ( ,troy1 or on acc\nt ( ,hebe's m>riage ) ! deifi$ ,h]acles4 ,hebe occupies no important place 9 ! religi\s sy/em ( ! ,greeks2 %e seems to h be5 *iefly hon\r$ 9 connection ) h] "m ,h]a1 or n[ & !n ) ,h]acles4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cj4--;,hebe4 ,f ,antonio ,canova4 ,juv5tas1 or ,juv5tus1 is ! correspond+ deity ( ! ,romans2 b1 z 0 ! case ) s _m o!rs1 !y contriv$ to br+ h] into a m intimate connection ) _! political life by hon\r+ 9 h] ! undy+ & unfad+ vig\r ( ! /ate4 ,%e _h a sep>ate *apel 9 ! temple ( ,jupit] ,capitol9us4 ,) reg>d to ! arti/ic repres5tation ( ,hebe1 /atues ( ?is goddess appe> to h be5 v r>e 9 anci5t times2 at lea/1 among all ! num]\s /atues t h be5 discov]$1 none c be safely id5tifi$ ) ,hebe4 ,%e is ! m (t5 met ) on ornam5tal vases & reliefs1 on :i* ! m>riage ( ,h]acles & ,hebe is a fav\rite subject4 ,%e is usually depict$ z a highly-graceful1 mode/ maid51 p\r+ out nect> f an uprais$ vessel4 ,%e appe>s ?us 9 ! _w-r5[n$ ma/]piece ( ! ,italian sculptor ,canova1 s well kn[n f ca/s4 ,9 default ( an anci5t /atue1 we give an engrav+ ( ?is "w 7,fig4 #cj74 #h4 ,ganym$es4--,a simil> (fice 9 ,olympus 0 fill$ by ! son ( ,tros1 ! ,k+ ( ,troy1 ,ganym$es1 :o 0 made immortal by ,zeus1 & in/all$ z cupbe>] ( ! gods4 ,nei!r ,hom] nor ,p9d>1 h[ev]1 relate ! episode ( ,zeus s5d+ 8 eagle to c>ry (f ,ganym$es4 ,?is feature ( ! /ory1 :i* is a fav\rite subject ( arti/ic repres5tation1 is fir/ f\nd 9 ,apollodorus4 ,! ,roman poet1 ,ovid1 !n w5t a /ep f>!r1 & made ! rul] ( ,olympus trans=m himself into an eagle1 9 ord] to c>ry (f 8 fav\rite4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ca4--;,ganym$es & ! ,eagle4 ,f ,?orwalds54 ,! rape ( ! beautiful boy is (t5 portray$ 9 anci5t art4 ,! mo/ fam\s monum5t is a bronze gr\p ( ,leo*>es1 an arti/ :o fl\ri%$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,a copy ( x /ill exi/s 9 ! celebrat$ /atue ( ,ganym$es 9 ! ,vatican collection4 ,9 mod]n art ! /ory has be5 treat$ ) /ill great] frequ5cy4 ,!re is an extremely beautiful gr\p ( ?is k9d by ,?orwalds51 9 :i* ,ganym$es is repres5t$ z giv+ ! eagle dr9k out ( a b[l 7,fig4 #ca74 #b4 ,! ,ph5om5a ( ! ,heav5s4 #a4 ,helios 7,sol74--,helios 7,lat9 ,sol71 ! sun-god1 belongs to t small class ( deities :o h pres]v$ _! physical mean+ intact4 ,8 wor%ip 0 conf9$ to a few places1 ! mo/ important ( :i* 0 ! isl& ( ,rhodes4 ,an annual fe/ival1 att5d$ ) musical & a?letic conte/s1 0 "h celebrat$ ) great pomp 9 hon\r ( ! sun-god4 ,he is portray$ by ! poets z a h&some y\? ) fla%+ eyes & %9+ hair cov]$ ) a gold5 helmet4 ,8 daily (fice 0 to br+ ! light ( day to gods & m51 :i* he p]=m$ by ris+ f ,oceanus 9 ! ea/1 :]e ! ,e?iopians live1 & complet+ 8 c\rse along ! firmam5t4 ,= ?is purpose ! po/-,hom]ic poets end[ him ) a sun-*>iot drawn by f\r fi]y horses2 & ?\gh ,hom] & ,hesiod d n attempt to expla9 h[ he pass$ f ! we/ :]e he sets1 to ! ea/ :]e he rises1 lat] poets obviate ! difficulty by mak+ him sail r\nd half ! _w 9 a gold5 boat 7accord+ to o!rs a gold5 b$72 & ?us he 0 suppos$ aga9 to arrive at ! ea/4 ,9 ! f> we/ ,helios _h a spl5did palace1 & also a celebrat$ g>d51 :i* 0 "u ! *>ge ( ! ,hesp]ides4 ,he is describ$ z ! son ( ! ,titans ,hyp]ion & ,!a1 :5ce he himself is call$ a ,titan4 ,by 8 wife ,p]se1 a daught] ( ,oceanus1 he became ! fa!r ( tes1 ,k+ ( ,col*is1 celebrat$ 9 ! leg5d ( ! ,argonauts1 & ( ! /ill m celebrat$ sorc]ess ,circe4 ,ano!r son ( ,helios 0 ,pha?on1 :o1 9 attempt+ to drive 8 fa!r's horses1 came to an untimely end4 ,helios sees & he>s e ?+2 :5ce he 0 believ$ to br+ hidd5 crimes to light1 & 0 invok$ z a witness at all solemn decl>ations & oa?s4 ,all ! /ories relat+ to ,helios 7 gradually transf]r$ to ! ,roman ,sol1 :o 0 orig9ally a ,sab9e deity1 *iefly by means ( ! ,metamorphoses ( ,ovid4 ,! untir+ *>iote] ( ! heav5s 0 also hon\r$ z ! patron ( ! race-c\rse2 b he nev] atta9$ a prom95t position 9 religi\s wor%ip4 ,helios1 or ,sol1 is depict$ z a h&some y\?1 8 head encircl$ by a cr[n1 :i* gives =? twelve bright rays correspond+ to ! numb] ( ! mon?s1 8 mantle fly+ ab\t 8 %\ld]s z he /&s 9 8 *>iot4 ,x 0 *iefly 9 ,rhodes1 h[ev]1 t ,helios 0 made ! subject ( ! sculptor's art4 ,"h1 9 #bhj ,b4,c41 0 erect$ 9 8 hon\r ! celebrat$ colossal /atue :i* has acquir$ a _w-wide celebrity "u ! "n ( ! ,colossus ( ,rhodes1 & :i* 0 reckon$ z "o ( ! sev5 8wond]s ( ! _w40 ,x 0 ! "w ( ,*>es ( ,l9dus1 & 0 #aje feet 9 height4 #b4 ,sel5e 7,luna74--,z ,artemis is ! tw9 si/] ( ,apollo1 s is ,sel5e ! tw9 si/] ( ,helios2 he repres5t+ ! sun1 %e ! moon4 ,sel5e1 h[ev]1 nev] really enjoy$ div9e hon\rs 9 ,greece4 ,! poets depict h] z a :ite-arm$ goddess1 ^: beautiful tresses are cr[n$ ) a brilliant diadem4 ,9 ! ev5+ %e rises f ! sacr$ riv] ( ,oceanus1 & pursues h] c\rse along ! firmam5t ( heav5 9 h] *>iot drawn by two :ite horses4 ,%e is g5tle & timid1 & x is only 9 secret t %e loves beautiful y\?s & kisses !m 9 sleep4 ,poets delight to s+ ( ! secret love %e *]i%$ = ! beautiful ,endymion1 ! son ( ! ,k+ ( ,elis4 ,%e caus$ him to fall into an et]nal sleep1 & he n[ reposes 9 a rocky grotto on ,m\nt ,latmus1 :]e ,sel5e nightly visits him1 & gazes ) rapture on 8 c\nt5ance4 ,9 lat] times %e 0 (t5 conf\nd$ ) ,artemis1 ,hecate1 & ,p]sephone4 ,! same rem>ks apply to ! ,roman ,luna4 ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 _h a temple ( h] own on ! ,av5t9e1 :i* 0 suppos$ to h be5 d$icat$ to h] by ,s]vius ,tullius4 ,l h] bro!r ,sol1 %e 0 hon\r$ 9 ,rome 9 connection ) ! circus1 & 0 held to preside ov] ! public games4 ,9 sculpture1 ,sel5e1 or ,luna1 may be recognis$ by ! half moon on h] =ehead1 & by ! veil ov] ! back ( h] head2 %e also be>s 9 h] h& a tor*4 ,! sleep+ ,endymion 0 a frequ5t subject ( repres5tation on s>cophagi & monum5ts4 #c4 ,eos 7,aurora74--,eos1 ! goddess ( ! dawn1 0 also a daught] ( ,hyp]ion & ,!a1 & a si/] ( ,sel5e & ,helios4 ,%e 0 fir/ m>ri$ to ! ,titan ,a/ru1 by :om %e became ! "m ( ! w9ds--,boreas1 ,zephyrus1 ,eurus1 & ,notus 7nor?1 we/1 ea/1 & s\? w9ds74 ,?is is a my?ological mode ( intimat+ ! fact t ! w9d g5]ally rises at dawn4 ,aft] ,a/ru1 :o1 l mo/ ( ! ,titans1 _h rebell$ aga9/ ! sov]eignty ( ,zeus1 & _h be5 ca/ into ,t>t>us1 ,eos *ose ! h&some hunt] ,orion = h] husb&4 ,! gods1 h[ev]1 w\ld n cons5t to _! union1 & ,orion 0 sla9 by ! arr[s ( ,artemis1 aft] :i* ,eos m>ri$ ,ti?onus1 ! son ( ! ,k+ ( ,troy4 ,%e begg$ ,zeus to be/[ on him immortality1 b1 hav+ =gott5 to ask = et]nal y\?1 ! gift 0 ( d\btful value1 s9ce ,ti?onus at la/ became a %rivell$-up1 decrepid old man1 9 :om ! goddess took no pleasure4 ,memnon1 ,k+ ( ?iopia1 celebrat$ 9 ! /ory ( ! ,trojan w>1 0 a son ( ,eos & ,ti?onus4 ,he came to ! assi/ance ( ,troy1 & 0 sla9 by ,a*illes4 ,s9ce !n1 ,eos has wept )\t ceas+ = h] d>l+ son1 & h] te>s fall to ! e>? 9 ! %ape ( dew4 ,eos is repres5t$ by ! poets z a glori\s goddess1 ) beautiful hair1 rosy arms & f+]s--a true picture ( ! invigorat+ fre%ness ( ! e>ly morn+4 ,*e]ful & active1 %e rises e>ly f h] c\*1 &1 envelop$ 9 a saffron-col\r$ mantle1 %e h>nesses h] horses ,lampus & ,pha?on 7,brightness & ,lu/re71 9 ord] t %e may ha/5 on 9 front ( ! sun-god & ann\nce ! day4 ,! views & fables connect$ ) ,eos 7 transf]r$ by ! ,roman writ]s to ! p]son ( _! goddess ,aurora#d )\t und]go+ any alt]ation4 ,footnote #d3 ,! ,mat] ,matuta ( ! ,romans 0 a deity v simil> to ! ,eos ( ! ,greeks4 ,%e 0 ! goddess ( ! e>ly dawn1 & 0 held 9 high e/imation among ! ,roman wom5 z a deity :o assi/$ !m 9 *ildbir?4 ,l ! ,greek ,leuco!a1 %e 0 also reg>d$ z a goddess ( ! sea & h>b\rs1 :o assi/$ ^? 9 p]il4 ,repres5tations ( ?is goddess are f\nd n[ & !n on vases & gems4 ,%e ei!r appe>s driv+ a *>iot & f\r horses1 z h>ness+ ! /e$s ( ,helios1 or z glid+ ?r\gh ! air on w+s & spr9kl+ ! e>? ) h] dew4 #d4 ,! ,/>s4--,only a few ( ! />s are ( any importance 9 my?ology4 ,phosphorus & ,hesp]us1 ! morn+ /> & ! ev5+ />1 :i* 7 =m]ly reg>d$ z two di/9ct be+s1 7 repres5t$ 9 art 9 ! guise ( beautiful boys ) tor*es 9 _! h&s4 ,!re 7 also sev]al leg5ds relat+ to ,orion1 :om we h already allud$ to z ! husb& ( ,eos4 ,he himself 0 made a con/ellation aft] hav+ be5 sla9 by ! arr[s ( ,artemis1 :ile 8 dog 0 ,sirius1 ^: ris+ ann\nces ! hotte/ season ( ! ye>4 ,all k9ds ( my?s 7 inv5t$ ab\t o!r con/ellations2 among o!rs1 ! ,hyades1 ^: ris+ betok5$ ! adv5t ( ! /ormy1 ra9y season1 dur+ :i* ! sailor avoids go+ to sea4 ,! /ory w5t t !y 7 plac$ among ! con/ellations by ! gods out ( pity1 because !y 7 inconsolable at ! dea? ( _! bro!r ,hyas1 :o 0 kill$ by a lion :il/ hunt+4 ,connect$ ) !m are ! ,pleiades1 i4e41 ! />s ( m>9]s1 s call$ because on _! ris+ 9 ,may ! fav\rable season = voyages beg9s4 ,!y 7 sev5 9 numb]1 & 7 likewise set 9 ! heav5s by ! gods4 ,f9ally1 we mu/ n =get to m5tion ,arctus1 ! ,be>4 ,tradition ass]t$ t ?is 0 none o!r ?an ! ,arcadian nymph ,calli/o1 :o _h be5 plac$ among ! con/ellations by ,zeus :5 sla9 9 ! =m ( a %e-be> by ,artemis4 ,%e _h brok5 h] v[s ( *a/ity1 & borne a son1 ,arcas1 to ,zeus4 #e4 ,! ,w9ds4--,! f\r *ief w9ds h be5 already allud$ to z ! sons ( ,eos4 ,!y 7 especially v5]at$ by ^? ab\t to make voyages1 :o !n solicit$ _! fav\r ) pray]s & (f]+s4 ,o!rwise1 !y ma9ta9$ _! "* ( pure natural =ces1 & 71 consequ5tly1 ( little importance 9 my?ology4 ,! rude nor? w9d1 ,boreas1 or ,aquilo1 0 especially dread$ on acc\nt ( 8 /ormy viol5ce1 & 0 h5ce reg>d$ z a bold ravi%] ( maid5s4 ,?us an ,attic leg5d ass]ts t he c>ri$ (f ,ori?yia1 ! daught] ( ,ere*!us1 z %e 0 play+ on ! banks ( ! ,ilissus4 ,%e bore him ,calas & ,zetes1 well kn[n 9 ! /ory ( ! ,argonauts4 ,boreas1 h[ev]1 /ood 9 high fav\r among ! ,a!nians1 :o erect$ an alt> & *apel to him1 because1 dur+ ! ,p]sian w>1 he _h p>tially de/roy$ ! fleet ( ,x]xes (f ,cape ,sepias4 ,z ,boreas is ! god ( ! w9t] /orm1 s ,zephyrus appe>s z ! welcome mess5g] ( ,spr+2 on :i* acc\nt "o ( ! ,hor 0 giv5 him to wife4 ,zephyrus 0 call$ ,favonius by ! ,romans1 to intimate ! fav\rable influ5ce he ex]cis$ on ! prosp]\s gr[? ( ! vegetable _w4 ,^!1 toge!r ) ! o!r *ief w9ds1 ,notus 7s\? w9d7 & ,eurus 7ea/ w9d7 7 sometimes said to reside 9 sep>ate places2 at o!r times !y 7 said to dwell toge!r 9 ! ,w9d-m\nta91 on ! fabul\s isl& ( olia1 :]e !y 7 rul$ ov] by ,k+ olus4 #c4 ,gods ( ,bir? & ,heal+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cb4--;,asclepius4 ,b]l94 #a4 ,asclepius 7sculapius74--,x 0 only 9 lat] times t ! necessity ( hav+ special gods ( bir? & heal+ made itself felt2 at all ev5ts1 ,asclepius1 or sculapius1 z he is call$ by ! ,romans1 does n appe> z a god 9 ,hom]4 ,! wor%ip ( ?is deity1 :o 0 said to be ! son ( ,apollo1 appe>s to h orig9at$ 9 ,epidaurus1 ! seat ( 8 pr9cipal %r9e1 & !nce to h become g5]ally diffus$4 ,9 ,epidaurus 8 prie/s erect$ a l>ge hospital1 :i* enjoy$ a great reputation4 ,! common me?od ( cure consi/$ 9 all[+ ^? :o 7 sick to sleep 9 ! temple1 on :i* occasion1 if !y _h be5 zeal\s 9 _! pray]s & (f]+s1 ! god appe>$ to !m 9 a dream & discov]$ ! necess>y rem$y4 ,! wor%ip ( ?is deity 0 introduc$ into ,rome 9 ! ye> #bia ,b4,c41 9 consequ5ce ( a sev]e pe/il5ce :i* = ye>s _h depopulat$ t[n & c\ntry4 ,! ,sibyll9e books 7 consult$1 & !y recomm5d$ t ,asclepius ( ,epidaurus %\ld be br\ght to ,rome4 ,! /ory goes t ! sacr$ s]p5t ( ! god foll[$ ! ,roman ambassadors ( its own accord1 & *ose = its abode ! ,insula ,tib]9a at ,rome1 :]e a temple 0 at once erect$ to sculapius4 ,a gild$ /atue 0 add$ to ! temple 9 ! ye> #ac ,b4,c4 ,! me?od already m5tion$ ( sleep+ 9 ! temple 0 also adopt$ "h4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cc4--;,head ( ,asclepius4 ,briti% ,museum4 ,9 art1 ,asclepius is repres5t$ z a be>d$ man ( ripe ye>s1 ) s+ul>ly noble features1 f :i* ! k9dly b5evol5ce ( a b5efactor ( mank9d looks =?4 ,he is g5]ally accompani$ by a s]p5t1 z a symbol ( self-r5ovat+ vital p[]1 :i* he is fe$+ & c>ess+1 or :i* is m commonly repres5t$ z creep+ up 8 /aff4 ,su* is ! conception 9 ! engrav+ 7,fig4 #cb71 :i* is aft] a /atue pres]v$ at ,b]l94 ,z ! god ( heal+1 he has also o!r attributes--a b[l conta9+ ! heal+ draught1 a bun* ( h]bs1 a p9e-apple1 or a dog2 ! latt] be+ a symbol ( ! vigilance ) :i* ! physician wat*es disease4 ,!re are num]\s extant /atues ( ! god1 al?\gh ! great /atue 9 gold & ivory ( ! temple at ,epidaurus has be5 entirely lo/4 ,a f9e head ( colossal proportions 0 discov]$ on ! ,isle ( ,melos1 & is n[ an ornam5t ( ! ,briti% ,museum 7,fig4 #cc74 ,!re is1 on ! o!r h&1 a v f9e /atue )\t a head 9 exi/5ce at ,a!ns1 ne> ! temple ( ,zeus4 ,!re are1 moreov]1 celebrat$ /atues 9 ,flor5ce1 ,p>is1 & ,rome 7,vatican72 9 ! la/ case1 ( a be>dless sculapius4 #b4 ,inf]ior ,deities ( ,bir? & ,heal+4--,! ,greeks also hon\r$ ,ili?yia z a goddess ( bir?4 ,?is appe>s to h be5 orig9ally a surname ( ,h]a1 z a deity :o succ\r$ wom5 9 *ildbir?4 ,hygiea 0 look$ on z a goddess ( heal?1 & 0 describ$ z a daught] ( ,asclepius4 ,! ,romans _h no ne$ ( a special goddess presid+ ov] bir?1 al?\gh !y hon\r$ a deity (t5 id5tifi$ ) ,hygiea1 :om !y call$ ,/r5ia1 or ,salus4 ,z gu>dian ( ! *amb] ( bir?1 !y hon\r$ ,c>na1 or ,c>dea1 :o 0 suppos$ to drive away ! evil ,/riges 7scree* owls7 t came at night to suck ! blood ( ! new-born *ild4 ,c>na 0 fur!r reg>d$ z ! protectress ( physical heal?4 ,ano!r ( ^! inf]ior deities1 ( :om m5 s\ght long life & cont9u$ heal?1 bore ! "n ( ,anna ,p]5na 7! circl+ ye>74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cd4--,night & ! ,fates4 ,f ,c>/5s4 #d4 ,deities ( ,fate4 #a4 ,mr 7,p>c74--,! ,mr1 bett] kn[n by ! ,lat9 "n ( ,p>c1 really d5ote t portion ( a man's life & =tune :i* is det]m9$ f 8 bir?2 s t1 9 ?is s5se1 !re are z _m ,mr z individuals4 ,! ,greeks1 h[ev]1 :o 7 wont to rev]e all su* indef9ite numb]s "u ! sacr$ numb] ?ree1 g5]ally recognis$ ?ree4 ,^! !y reg>d$ z ! d>k & inexplicable p[]s ( fate1 daught]s ( ! night4 ,_! names 7 ,clo?o 7sp9n]71 ,la*esis 7allott]71 & ,atropos 7inevitable74 ,only two ,p>c 7 orig9ally kn[n to ! ,romans1 b a ?ird 0 aft]w>ds add$ to make _! own my?ology h>monise ) t ( ! ,greeks4 ,! popul> conception ( ! ,p>c z grave ho>y wom5 0 n foll[$ 9 art1 :]e !y always appe> z "y4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance1 _! attributes 7 all alike1 sep>ate functions n yet hav+ be5 allott$ to !m4 ,b at a subsequ5t p]iod x 0 ,clo?o :o spun1 ,la*esis :o held1 & ,atropos :o cut ! ?read ( life4 ,?is arrangem5t 0 fir/ adopt$ by lat] arti/s1 :o g5]ally give ,clo?o a sp9dle1 ,la*esis a roll ( p>*m5t1 & ,atropos a balance1 or let ! la/ po9t to ! h\r ( dea? on a dial4 ,su* is ! case 9 a tal5t$ creation ( ,c>/5s1 9 :i* ! conception ( mod]n times is br\ght into h>mony ) ! ideal ( antiquity 7,fig4 #cd74 #b4 ,nemesis1 ,ty*e 7,=tuna71 & ,aga?odmon 7,bonus ,ev5tus74--,nemesis really d5otes ! apportionm5t ( t fate :i* is ju/ly des]v$1 & a consequ5t repugnance to t :i* is n4 ,hom] does n ackn[l$ge ,nemesis z a goddess1 & s x is probable t h] claim to public v5]ation dates f a lat] p]iod4 ,%e 0 reg>d$ z a goddess ( equality1 :o wat*es ov] ! equilibrium ( ! moral univ]se1 & sees t happ9ess & mis=tune are allott$ to man accord+ to m]it4 ,h5ce arose1 subsequ5tly1 ! idea ( an av5g+ deity1 :o visits ) condign puni%m5t ! crimes & wick$ness ( mank9d4 ,9 ?is "* %e resembles ! ,furies4 ,! ,romans likewise introduc$ ,nemesis into _! sy/em2 at lea/ h] /atue /ood on ! ,capitol1 ?\gh popul> sup]/ition nev] reg>d$ h] ) a fri5dly eye4 ,! v>i\s conceptions ( ,nemesis are aga9 display$ 9 works ( art4 ,! k9dly1 g5tle goddess1 :o disp5ses :at is j1 is depict$ z a "y woman ( grave & ?\ghtful aspect1 hold+ 9 h] h& ! in/rum5ts ( measurem5t & control 7cubit1 bridle1 & rudd]74 ,z ! /]n av5g] ( human crimes1 %e appe>s ) w+s 9 a *>iot drawn by griff9s1 ) a sword or :ip 9 h] h&4 ,ty*e1 ! goddess ( good =tune1 01 accord+ to common acc\nts1 ! daught] ( ,oceanus & ,te?ys4 ,%e 0 usually hon\r$ z ! tutel>y deity ( t[ns1 & z su* _h temples & /atues 9 _m popul\s cities ( ,greece & ,asia4 ,9 c\rse ( "t1 h[ev]1 ! idea ga9$ gr\nd t ,ty*e 0 ! au?or ( evil z well z ( good =tune4 ,%e resembl$1 9 ?is respect1 ! ,=tuna ( ! ,romans1 :o 0 reg>d$ z ! s\rce ( all t is unexpect$ 9 human life4 ,s]vius ,tullius 0 said to h introduc$ into ,rome ! wor%ip ( ,=tuna1 ^: fav\rite he _h c]ta9ly e reason to reg>d himself4 ,he erect$ a temple to h] "u ! "n ( ,=s ,=tuna1 & made ! #bd? ( ,june ! common fe/ival ( ! goddess4 ,lat]1 h] wor%ip became /ill m ext5sive4 ,"u ! mo/ diff]5t surnames1 "s ( :i* ref]r$ to ! /ate 7,=tuna populi ,romani71 & o!rs to e description ( private affairs1 %e _h a great numb] ( temples & *apels erect$ 9 h] hon\r4 ,%e _h also celebrat$ temples 9 ,antium & ,prne/e4 ,anci5t arti/s end[$ ?is goddess ) v>i\s attributes1 ! mo/ important ( :i* 0 ! rudd]1 :i* %e held 9 h] h& 9 tok5 ( h] p[] to control ! =tunes ( mank9d4 ,%e is also end[$ ) a sceptre = ! same purpose1 & ) a horn ( pl5ty z ! giv] ( good =tune2 sometimes %e is also repres5t$ ) ! y\?ful ,plutus 9 h] arms4 ,! lat] conception ( an imp>tial goddess ( fate is app>5t 9 ^? art-monum5ts :i* depict h] /&+ on a ball or :eel4 ,among ! l>g] exi/+ works1 we may m5tion a copy pres]v$ 9 ! ,vatican ( a ,ty*e by ,euty*ides ( ,sicyon1 :i* 0 =m]ly exhibit$ 9 ,antio*4 ,! goddess "h we>s a mural cr[n on h] head z ! tutel>y deity ( t[ns1 & has a %eaf ( corn 9 h] "r h&4 ,besides ,=tuna1 ! ,romans hon\r$ a deity call$ ,felicitas z ! goddess ( positive good =tune4 ,lucullus is said to h erect$ a temple to h] 9 ,rome1 :i* 0 adorn$ ) ! works ( art br\ght by ,mummius f ! spoils ( ,cor9?4 ,ev5 ?is did n suffice = ! religi\s ne$s ( ! p1 & we f9d t ! belief 9 p]sonal protect+ deities grew rapidly among bo? ,greeks & ,romans4 ,^! deities 7 t]m$ by ! ,greeks 8dmones10 & by ! ,romans 8g5ii40 ,!y 7 believ$ to be ! invisible c\nsellors ( e individual1 accompany+ him f bir? to dea?1 ?r\gh all ! /ages ( life1 ) advice & com=t4 ,(f]+s ( w9e1 cake1 inc5se1 & g>l&s 7 made to !m1 p>ticul>ly on bir?days4 ,,ii4--,,! ,,gods ,,( ,,! ,,sea ,,& ,,wat]s4 #a4 ,poseidon 7,neptunus74--,poseidon1 or ,neptunus1 z he 0 call$ by ! ,romans1 0 ! son ( ,cronus & ,rhea4 ,hom] calls him ! y\ng] bro!r ( ,zeus1 9 :i* case 8 subjection to ! latt] is only natural4 ,accord+ to ! common acc\nt1 h[ev]1 ,zeus 0 ! y\nge/ ( ! sons ( ,cronus1 b acquir$ ! sov]eignty ov] 8 bro!rs by hav+ ov]?r[n _! cruel fa!r4 ,poseidon 0 accord+ly indebt$ to 8 bro!r = 8 dom9ion ov] ! sea & its deities1 & 0 !re=e subject to him4 ,he usually dwelt1 n 9 ,olympus1 b at ! bottom ( ! sea4 ,"h he 0 suppos$ to inhabit1 ) ,amphitrite 8 wife1 a magnific5t gold5 palace 9 ! neighb\rhood ( g4 ,orig9ally1 l ,oceanus & ,pontus1 he 0 a m]e symbol ( ! wat]y elem5t1 b he aft]w>ds atta9$ an entirely indep5d5t p]sonality4 ,ev5 9 ,hom] he no long] appe>s z ! sea itself1 b z its mighty rul]1 :o ) 8 p[]ful arms upholds & circumscribes ! e>?4 ,he is viol5t & impetu\s1 l ! elem5t he repres5ts4 ,:5 he /rikes ! sea ) 8 trid5t1 ! symbol ( 8 sov]eignty1 ! waves rise ) viol5ce1 da% 9 pieces ! %ips1 & inundate ! l& f> & wide4 ,poseidon likewise possesses ! p[] ( produc+ e>?quakes1 cleav+ rocks1 & rais+ isl&s 9 ! mid/ ( ! sea4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a ^w or look f him suffices to allay ! wilde/ tempe/4 ,virgil1 9 ! fir/ book ( ! neid1 has giv5 a beautiful description ( ! tam+ ( ! fi]ce elem5ts by ! god4 ,poseidon 0 naturally reg>d$ z ! *ief god ( all ! seaf>+ classes1 su* z fi%]m51 boatm51 & sailors1 :o e/eem$ him z _! patron & tutel>y deity4 ,to him !y address$ _! pray]s be=e ent]+ on a voyage1 to him !y br\ght _! (f]+s 9 gratitude = _! safe return f ! p]ils ( ! deep4 ,poseidon1 !re=e1 enjoy$ ! highe/ reputation among ! seaf>+ ,ionians4 ,8 temples1 alt>s1 & /atues 7 mo/ num]\s 9 ! h>b\rs & seaport t[ns1 & on isl&s & promontories4 ,among ! num]\s %r9es ( ?is deity we may m5tion t ( ,cor9?1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( :i* 7 celebrat$ 9 8 hon\r ! ,i/hmian games1 :i* subsequ5tly became a national fe/ival 9 ,greece1 ,pylus1 ,a!ns1 & ! isl&s ( ,rhodes1 ,cos1 & ,t5os4 ,x 0 only natural t _m leg5ds1 local & prov9cial1 %\ld exi/ ab\t a god :o play$ su* an important "p 9 ! lives ( seaf>+ folk4 ,9 ! ,trojan epos he figures z a viol5t enemy ( ,troy1 8 indignation hav+ be5 provok$ by ! inju/ice ( ! ,trojan k+1 ,laom$on4 ,poseidon _h built ! walls ( ,troy at ! k+'s reque/ ) ! aid ( ,apollo1 b ,laom$on hav+ *eat$ him 9 ! matt] ( ! /ipulat$ rew>d1 ,poseidon !reupon s5t a t]rible sea-mon/]1 :i* laid wa/e ! crops & slew ! inhabitants4 ,!y _h rec\rse to ! oracle1 :i* c\nsell$ ! sacrifice ( ! k+'s daught] ,hesione4 ,! unhappy maid5 0 expos$ to ! mon/]1 b 0 rescu$ by ,h]acles4 ,! fable ( ?is mon/]1 :i* is manife/ly a symbol ( ! inundation ( ! sea1 is repeat$ 9 _m succe$+ /ories 7e4g41 9 ! /ory ( ,p]seus1 :o rescu$ 9 a simil> way ,&rom$a1 ! daught] ( ! k+ ( ?iopia74 ,!re are numb]less /ories1 9 :i* ,poseidon appe>s z ! fa!r ( ! diff]5t national h]oes4 ,! mo/ important is1 p]haps1 ! leg5d ( ,!seus1 ( :i* we %all speak lat] on4 ,!re 0 sc>cely a ,grecian t[n or di/rict :i* did n lay claim to div9e orig9 = ! p]son ( its f\nd] or ance/ral h]o4 ,aga91 ! conception ( ! wild /ormy nature ( ! sea caus$ ,poseidon to be repres5t$ z ! fa!r ( v>i\s giants & mon/]s4 ,by ! nymph ,?osa he became ! fa!r ( ! savage ,polyphemus1 sla9 by ,odysseus1 :o ?us provok$ ! implacable enmity ( ,poseidon4 ,! giant ,antu1 :o f\ght ) ,h]acles1 0 also said to be a son ( ,poseidon2 besides _m o!r mon/]s1 su* z ,procru/es1 ,c]cyon1 & ! ,alod4 ,! fav\rite animal ( ,poseidon 0 ! horse1 :i* he 0 suppos$ to h creat$4 ,?is may1 p]haps1 be due to ! fact t ! imag9ation ( ! ,greeks pictur$ to itself ! horses ( ,poseidon 9 ! roll+ & b\nd+ waves4 ,9 ,a!ns ! orig9 ( ! horse 0 ref]r$ to ! conte/ betwe5 ,a!ne & ,poseidon1 z to :o %\ld make ! l& ! mo/ useful pres5t4 ,9 ,cor9?ian leg5d ,poseidon appe>s z ! fa!r ( ! w+$ horse ,pegasus by ,m$usa4 ,?is /ory is connect$ ) ! tam+ ( ! horse1 :i* 0 ascrib$ to ,poseidon4 ,on acc\nt ( 8 intimate connection ) ! horse1 ,poseidon 0 especially reg>d$ z ! patron ( ! games1 & _h1 9 consequ5ce1 an alt> ( 8 own on all race-c\rses4 ,! competitors1 be=e ! races1 solicit$ 8 fav\r ) pray]s & sacrifices4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ce4--,poseidon4 ,dolce ,gem4 ,! dolph9 & ! p9e-tree 7 held sacr$ to ,poseidon1 ! latt] probably because x 0 s ext5sively us$ 9 %ipbuild+4 ,black /e]s1 horses1 rams1 & wild bo>s 7 sacrific$ to him4 ,! ,romans n be+ a seaf>+ p1 ,neptune nev] /ood 9 su* high e/imation among !m z among ! ,greeks4 ,9 ,rome 8 prom95t *>act]i/ic 0 8 connection ) ! horse & ! race-c\rse4 ,^! 7 plac$ "u 8 special protection1 = :i* reason ! only temple he _h 9 ,rome /ood 9 ! ,circus ,flam9ius4 ,! repres5tation ( ,poseidon1 or ,neptune1 9 art h>monises tol]ably well ) ! descriptions ( ! poets4 ,he is accord+ly repres5t$ z simil> to 8 bro!r ,zeus 9 size & figure1 ) broad deep *e/1 d>k wavy hair1 & pi]c+ eyes4 ,arti/s intimat$ ! great] viol5ce ( 8 nature by giv+ him m angul>ity ( face1 & a m bri/l+ & disord]$ head ( hair ?an ,zeus4 ,! expression ( 8 c\nt5ance is m grave & sev]e1 & ! k9dly smile t plays ar\nd ! m\? ( ,zeus is altoge!r want+4 ,anci5t /atues ( ,poseidon are comp>atively r>e4 ,! ,vatican ,museum possesses a f9e bu/1 & also a m>ble /atue ( ! god4 ,he is g5]ally di/+ui%$ by ! trid5t 9 8 "r h&2 sometimes 9 its place we f9d a till]4 ,a b& simil> to a diadem d5otes 8 dom9ion ov] ! sea4 ,our engrav+ ( ! god is aft] a beautiful gem ( ! ,dolce collection 7,fig4 #ce74 #b4 ,amphitrite4--,aft] ,poseidon _h atta9$ an almo/ exclusive v5]ation z god ( ! sea1 ,amphitrite1 "o ( ! ,n]eids1 0 giv5 him to wife4 ,accord+ to ! usual acc\nt1 he c>ri$ h] away f ,naxos4 ,o!rs say t %e fl$ to ,atlas to avoid ! rude woo+ ( ! god1 b ,poseidon's dolph9 f\nd h] & fet*$ h] back4 ,%e _h ?ree *ildr5 by ,poseidon--,triton1 ,rhode1 & ,b5!sicyme4 ,9 pla/ic art1 ,amphitrite is g5]ally depict$ z a slim & beautiful "y woman1 ei!r nude or half clo!d1 rid+ 9 ! *>iot ( ,poseidon at 8 side1 or by h]self4 ,on gems %e also appe>s en?ron$ on ! back ( a mighty ,triton1 or rid+ a seahorse or dolph94 ,h] hair g5]ally falls loosely ab\t h] %\ld]s4 ,%e is di/+ui%$ by ! royal insignia ( ! diadem & sceptre1 at times %e also wields ! trid5t ( h] husb&4 ,! wor%ip ( ,amphitrite 0 entirely unkn[n to ! ,romans1 :o recognis$ ! sea-goddess ,salacia z ! wife ( ,neptune4 #c4 ,triton & ! ,tritons4--,triton 0 ! only son ( ,poseidon & ,amphitrite2 he nev] appe>s1 h[ev]1 to h enjoy$ div9e hon\rs4 ,?is p]haps expla9s h[ x came to pass t he 0 subsequ5tly degrad$ to ! level ( a fabul\s sea-mon/]4 ,! poet ,apollonius ,rhodius describes him z hav+ a body1 ! upp] p>ts ( :i* 7 ^? ( a man1 :ile ! l[] p>ts 7 ^? ( a dolph94 ,su* too is 8 appe>ance 9 works ( art4 ,poets & arti/s soon revell$ 9 ! conception ( a :ole race ( simil> ,tritons1 :o 7 reg>d$ z a wanton1 mis*iev\s tribe1 l ! ,satyrs on l&4 ,! ,tritons1 z sea-deities ( fanta/ic =m1 are ( little importance 9 high] art1 ?\gh !y 7 all ! m frequ5tly employ$ 9 f\nta9s & wat]-works4 ,! =e-legs ( a horse 7 sometimes add$ to ! human body & dolph9's tail1 ?us giv+ rise to ! figure t]m$ ! ,i*?yoc5taur4 #d4 ,pontus & 8 ,desc5dants4--,we h already spok5 ( ,pontus & 8 race 9 our acc\nt ( ! ,!ogony4 ,"h we c only m5tion ^? ( 8 *ildr5 :o ei!r enjoy$ div9e hon\rs1 or are ( importance 9 art4 ,! elde/ among !m 0 ,n]eus4 #a4 ,n]eus & 8 ,daught]s4--,n]eus pres5ts to u ! calm & pleasant side ( ! sea4 ,he appe>s z a k9dly1 b5evol5t old man1 ! good _s ( ! gean sea1 :]e he dwells ) 8 fifty lovely daught]s1 ! ,n]eids1 ev] ready to assi/ ! /orm-beat5 sailor 9 ! h\r ( ne$4 ,l all wat]-spirits1 ,n]eus possess$ ! gift ( prophecy1 ?\gh he did n always *oose to make use ( x4 ,h]acles s\ght him on 8 way to ! g>d5 ( ! ,hesp]ides1 9 ord] to le>n h[ he might get possession ( ! gold5 apples4 ,9 spite ( 8 urg5t entreaties1 ,n]eus endeav\r$ to elude him by assum+ e k9d ( %ape1 ?\gh he 0 at l5g? vanqui%$ by ! p]si/5ce ( ! h]o1 :o w\ld n let him g until he _h obta9$ ! necess>y in=mation4 ,by 8 wife ,doris1 ! daught] ( ,oceanus1 he became ! fa!r ( fifty1 or1 accord+ to "s1 ( a hundr$ daught]s1 :o 7 all v5]at$ z k9dly1 b5efic5t sea-nymphs4 ,!y are a *>m+1 lovely tribe1 :o w9 ! he>ts ( ! sailors--n[ by _! m]ry sports & dances1 n[ by _! timely assi/ance 9 ! h\r ( dang]4 ,?is joy\s b& g5]ally =ms ! tra9 ( ,poseidon & ,amphitrite4 ,besides ,amphitrite1 ! *os5 bride ( ,poseidon1 we f9d among !m ,!tis1 ! beautiful "m ( ,a*illes1 s celebrat$ 9 anci5t poetry1 :o usually figures z _! lead]4 ,h] beauty & grace 7 s great t ,zeus himself became h] lov]4 ,he surr5d]$ h]1 h[ev]1 to ,peleus1 son ( acus1 because an oracle _h decl>$ t ! son ( ,!tis %\ld become great] ?an 8 fa!r4 ,9 art ,n]eus g5]ally appe>s z an old man ) ?9 grey locks4 ,he is commonly di/+ui%$ by a sceptre1 or ev5 a trid5t4 ,! ,n]eids 7 depict$ z graceful maid5s1 9 e>li] times slightly clo!d1 b lat] entirely nude1 rid+ on dolph9s1 ,tritons1 or o!r fabul\s mon/]s ( ! deep4 #b4 ,?aumas1 ,phorcys1 ,ceto4--,:il/ ,n]eus & 8 daught]s repres5t ! sea 9 its peaceful aspect1 ,?aumas1 ! second son ( ,pontus1 repres5ts x z ! _w ( wond]s4 ,by ,electra1 a daught] ( ,oceanus1 he became ! fa!r ( ,iris1 ! mess5g] ( ! gods1 & also ( ! ,h>pies4 ,! latt] p]sonify ! /orm-w9ds4 ,orig9ally fair maid5s1 !y 7 aft]w>ds repres5t$ z w+$ creatures1 half man & half bird2 !y _h ! faces ( maid5s1 b _! bodies 7 cov]$ ) vultures' fea!rs2 !y 7 pale & emaciat$ 9 appe>ance1 & 7 cont9ually torm5t$ ) an insatiable hung]4 ,!y are be/ kn[n f ! /ory ( ! ,argonauts1 :]e !y appe> z ! torm5tor ( ! bl9d k+ ,ph9eus1 ^: table !y cont9ually robb$ ( its vi&s1 :i* !y ei!r dev\r$ or spoil$4 ,!y 7 reg>d$ by ! anci5ts z ! m9i/]s ( sudd5 dea?1 & 7 said to be ei!r two or ?ree 9 numb]4 ,phorcys & ,ceto1 ! bro!r & si/] ( ,?aumas1 pres5t to u ! sea "u its t]rible aspect4 ,?is pair1 f ^: union sprang ! ,gorgons1 ! ,gr1 & ! dragon ( ! ,hesp]ides1 typify all ! t]rors & dang]s ( ! deep4 ,we %all h m to say conc]n+ ! ,gorgons & ,gr 9 ! /ory ( ,p]seus4 #e4 ,proteus4--,proteus is a deity ( inf]ior rank4 ,he is repres5t$ z an old man 7! s]vant ( ,poseidon7 end[$ ) ! gift ( prophecy4 ,he plays ! same "p 9 ! /ory ( ,troy z ,n]eus does 9 t ( ,h]acles4 ,8 usual abode 0 ! isl& ( ,ph>os4 ,x 0 ?i!r t ,m5elaus turn$ aft] he _h be5 driv5 to ! coa/ ( ,egypt1 on 8 return f ,troy1 to seek ! advice ( ! 8un]r+ old man ( ! sea40 ,b ,proteus1 be+ 9 no amiable mood1 s\ght to elude ! importunity ( ! h]o by conv]t+ himself into a lion1 a dragon1 a pan!r1 a wild bo>1 & _m o!r =ms4 ,at l5g?1 h[ev]1 he 0 vanqui%$ by ! p]si/5ce ( ,m5elaus1 & v\*saf$ an answ]4 ,he 0 suppos$ to be ! keep] ( ! fi% :o inhabit ! dep?s ( ! sea1 & ( ! o!r m>9e animals4 ,9 works ( art he g5]ally appe>s l a ,triton1 i4e41 ) body end+ 9 a fi%'s tail4 ,he is usually di/+ui%$ by a crook4 #f4 ,glaucus4--,among ! inf]ior sea-deities1 ,glaucus des]ves m5tion z play+ a "p 9 ! /ory ( ! ,argonauts4 ,he 0 really only a local god ( ! ,an!donians 9 ,botia1 & 8 wor%ip 0 n ext5d$ to o!r places 9 ,greece4 ,b ?\gh he _h no spl5did temples1 he /ood 9 v high e/imation among ! l[] classes ( sailors & fi%]m52 inde$ we f9d univ]sally t ! common p1 9 all _! c>es1 turn$ r to ! inf]ior deities1 :om !y suppos$ to /& clos] to !m1 ?an to ! high] & m important gods4 ,accord+ to ! /ory1 ,glaucus 0 orig9ally a fi%]man ( ,an!don1 :o atta9$ 9 a wond]ful mann] ! rank ( a god4 ,"o day1 aft] hav+ caught "s fi%1 he laid !m half dead on ! turf close by4 ,he 0 a/oni%$ to see1 h[ev]1 t on com+ 9 contact ) a c]ta9 h]b1 :i* 0 unkn[n to him1 !y 7 re/or$ to life & sprang back into ! sea4 ,he himself n[ ate ( ?is wond]ful h]b1 & imm$iately felt himself p5etrat$ by s wondr\s a s5sation ( bliss & animation t1 9 8 excitem5t1 he too sprang into ! sea4 ,oceanus & ,!tis h]eupon cleans$ him f all 8 human impurities1 & gave him a place among ! sea-gods4 ,he 0 v5]at$ on _m ( ! isl&s & coa/s ( ,greece z a fri5dly deity1 ev] ready to assi/ ! %ipwreck$ sailor or ! ca/away4 ,9 art he is repres5t$ z a ,triton1 r\gh & %aggy 9 appe>ance1 8 body cov]$ ) mussels or sea-we$4 ,8 hair & be>d %[ t luxuriance :i* *>act]ises sea-gods4 #g4 ,ino ,leuco!a1 & ,melic]tes4--,l ,glaucus1 ,ino1 ! daught] ( ,cadmus1 atta9$ at once immortality & div9e rank by a leap into ! sea4 ,%e 0 a si/] ( ,semele1 ! "m ( ,dionysus1 & ! wife ( ,a?amas1 k+ ( ,or*om5us4 ,x 0 %e :o1 aft] ! unhappy dea? ( ,semele1 took *>ge ( ! infant ,dionysus4 ,h]a1 h[ev]1 av5g$ h]self by driv+ ,a?amas mad1 :]eupon he da%$ ,le>*us1 8 elde/ son by ,ino1 aga9/ a rock4 ,he 0 ab\t to inflict ! same fate on ,melic]tes1 8 second son1 :5 9 frantic ha/e ! unhappy "m s\ght to save h] *ild by flight4 ,a?amas1 h[ev]1 pursu$ h] z f> z ! ,i/hmus1 :5 ,ino1 see+ no hope ( escape1 ca/ h]self f ! rock ,moluris into ! sea4 ,"h %e 0 k9dly receiv$ by ! ,n]eids1 :o conv]t$ bo? h] & h] son into sea-deities4 ,%e h5ce=? bore ! "n ( ,leuco!a1 & h] son t ( ,palmon4 ,!y 7 bo? reg>d$ z b5evol5t deities ( ! /ormy sea1 :o came to ! assi/ance ( ^? :o 7 %ipwreck$ or 9 o!r p]il4 ,!y appe> 9 ?is guise 9 ! ,odyssey1 :]e ,odysseus1 :o saw only c]ta9 dea? be=e him1 is repres5t$ z hav+ be5 sav$ by a sc>f ?r[n to him by ,leuco!a4 #h4 ,! ,sir5s4--,! ,sir5s mu/ also be reckon$ among ! sea-deities4 ,!y are be/ kn[n f ! /ory h[ ,odysseus succe$$ 9 pass+ !m ) 8 companions )\t be+ s$uc$ by _! song4 ,he _h ! prud5ce to /op ! e>s ( 8 companions ) wax1 & to h himself b\nd to ! ma/4 ,! ,sir5s 7 reg>d$ z ! daught]s ei!r ( ! riv]-god ,a*el\s by "o ( ! nymphs1 or ( ,phorcys & ,ceto4 ,only two ,sir5s are m5tion$ 9 ,hom]1 b ?ree or f\r 7 recognis$ 9 lat] times & introduc$ into v>i\s leg5ds1 su* z t ( ! ,argonauts1 or ! ,sicilian /ory ( ! rape ( ,p]sephone4 ,demet] is said to h *ang$ _! bodies into ^? ( birds1 because !y refus$ to g to ! help ( _! companion1 ,p]sephone1 :5 %e 0 c>ri$ (f by ! god ( ! l[] _w4 ,9 art !y are repres5t$1 l ! ,h>pies1 z "y wom5 ) ! w+s & feet ( birds4 ,sometimes !y appe> altoge!r l birds1 only ) human faces2 at o!r times ) ! arms & bodies ( wom51 9 :i* case !y g5]ally hold in/rum5ts ( music 9 _! h&s4 ,z _! songs 7 dea? to ^? :o 7 s$uc$ by !m1 !y are (t5 depict$ on tombs z spirits ( dea?4 #i4 ,! ,race ( ,oceanus4--,la/ly1 we mu/ enum]ate among ! wat]-deities ! num]\s desc5dants ( ,oceanus1 viz41 ! ,oceanids1 & also ! riv]s t are spread ov] ! e>?4 ,! latt] 7 believ$ to h _! common s\rce 9 ! ocean encircl+ ! e>?1 & !nce to fl[ b5ea? ! gr\nd until !y rea*$ ! surface 9 spr+s4 ,oceanus himself appe>s 9 ! my?s :i* treat ( ! g5ealogy ( ! gods z ! elde/ son ( ,uranus & ,ga1 & !re=e1 l 8 wife ,te?ys1 a ,titan4 ,z he did n take "p 9 ! rebellion ( ! o!r ,titans aga9/ ! dom9ion ( ,zeus1 he did n %>e _! dreadful fate1 b 0 all[$ to rema9 9 undi/urb$ enjoym5t ( 8 anci5t doma94 ,he 0 suppos$ to dwell on ! mo/ we/]n %ores ( ! e>?1 :i* he nev] left ev5 to att5d ! assemblies ( ! gods4 ,on acc\nt ( _! great importance to ! f]tility ( ! soil1 ! riv]-gods enjoy$ a great reputation among ! ,greeks1 al?\gh _! wor%ip 0 entirely ( a local nature4 ,only ,a*el\s1 ! greate/ ( all ! ,greek riv]s1 appe>s to h enjoy$ g5]al v5]ation4 ,! riv]-gods 7 believ$ to dwell ei!r 9 ! dep?s ( ! riv]s !mselves1 or 9 rocky grottoes ne> _! s\rces4 ,!y 7 depict$ ei!r z delicate y\?s1 or z m5 9 _! prime1 or z old m51 accord+ to ! magnitude ( ! riv]4 ,!y all possess a con=mity ) ! nature ( _! elem5t1 viz41 t p[] ( trans=mation :i* we discov] 9 ! o!r sea-deities4 ,!y also appe>1 l o!r wat]-spirits1 to possess ! gift ( prophecy4 ,among ! ,romans all fl[+ wat]s 7 held sacr$4 ,fontus1 ! son ( ,janus1 0 especially e/eem$ z ! god ( spr+s & f\nta9s 9 g5]al2 b1 z among ! ,greeks1 ea* riv] _h its special deity4 ,! mo/ important ( ^! 0 ,tib]9us4 ,! spr+s 7 popul>ly suppos$ to be inhabit$ by nymphs gift$ ) ! p[]s ( prophecy & magic1 :o sometimes hon\r$ mortals ) _! fav\rs1 z ,eg]ia did ,k+ ,numa4 ,9 art ! riv]-gods 7 commonly repres5t$ 9 ! guise ( ^? animals ^: =ms !y 7 mo/ 9 ! habit ( assum+4 ,!y ?us appe> z s]p5ts1 bulls1 or ev5 z m5 ) bulls' heads4 ,!y 7 also portray$1 h[ev]1 9 purely human guise1 ) ! exception ( hav+ small horns on ei!r side ( ! head4 ,_! attributes consi/ ( urns & horns ( pl5ty1 symbols ( ! bless+s t proce$ f !m4 ,,iii4--,,! ,,gods ,,( ,,! ,,e>? ,,& ,,l[] ,,_w4 ,we n[ come to a class ( deities :o /& 9 ! mo/ decid$ contra/ to ! gods ( ! heav5 & ! sea1 :om we h previ\sly describ$4 ,x consi/s ( ^? deities ^: p[] is incessantly ex]t$ ei!r on ! surface or 9 ! dep?s ( ! e>?1 & :o are accord+ly br\ght into ! close/ connection ) ! life ( man4 ,! wor%ip ( ^! deities assum$ among ! ,greeks a passionate & excit$ "*1 at fir/ entirely /range to ! ,romans1 ?\gh x gradually crept 9 "h also4 ,?\gh ! anci5ts saw 9 ! e>?1 on ! "o h&1 ! fruitful s\rce ( all life 9 nature1 !y did n seek to disguise ! fact t x is1 on ! o!r h&1 also ! op5 sepul*re into :i* all e>?ly exi/5ce s9ks :5 its "t is ov]4 ,! wor%ip ( ^! deities 0 !re=e celebrat$ ) fe/ivals ( joy & mir? at ! season ( ! revival ( nature1 & ) m\rnful solemnities at ! season ( its decay4 ,! devotees manife/$ bo? _! mir? & m\rn+ 9 a l\d1 noisy1 passionate mann]1 usually designat$ orgia/ic4 ,an elem5t ( my/]y nev] fail$ to introduce itself into ! wor%ip ( ^! deities1 :o1 9 virtue ( _! dwell+s1 7 able to inspire a great] feel+ ( awe ?an ! bright =ms ( ! gods ( heav54 ,_! wra? also1 :i* manife/$ itself 9 ! /]ility ( ! soil1 0 ! subject ( especial fe>4 ,my/]ies prop]1 or secret rites1 exi/$ only among ! ,greeks1 b nev] f\nd _! way into ! religi\s sy/ems ( ,italy4 ,we %all enum]ate fir/ ! deities ( ! upp] _w1 :o preside ov] ! gr[? ( flocks & ! fruits ( ! e>?1 & !n ^? :o inhabit ! l[] _w4 #a4 ,ga 7,tellus74--,fir/ among !m is ,ga1 or ,"m ,e>? h]self4 ,?is deity appe>s 9 ! ,cosmogony 7or my?s relat+ to ! =mation ( ! univ]se7 z "o ( ! primeval creative =ces1 hav+ h]self proce$$ imm$iately f ,*aos4 ,9 lat] times %e acquir$ a m p]sonal & pla/ic "*1 al?\gh %e nev] atta9$ any real importance 9 ! religi\s sy/em ( ! ,greeks1 ow+ to ! exi/5ce ( m def9ite & sub/antial deities1 su* z ,rhea1 ,he/ia1 ,demet]1 & ,!mis4 ,! wor%ip ( ,tellus 9 ,rome 0 m important1 al?\gh "h1 too1 x 0 some:at ?r[n into ! %ade by ! wor%ip ( ,c]es & k9dr$ deities4 ,! *ief significance ( ,ga lies 9 ! fact t %e is ! s\rce ( all life & increase 9 nature4 ,%e is h5ce reg>d$ z a "m :o t5ds ) lov+ c>e all h] *ildr54 ,"u ?is aspect h] praises are sung by ,hesiod1 & also 9 an anci5t ,dodonaic hymn4 ,l ,demet] & o!r deities :o disp5se prosp]ity & abundance1 %e appe>s z t5d+ & n\ri%+ ! "y1 & is (t5 repres5t$ ?us on anci5t monum5ts4 ,at ! same "t ,ga is ! common grave ( mank9d1 & draws all ?+s1 ) inexorable sev]ity1 d[n into h] d>k womb4 ,%e ?us becomes a goddess ( dea? & ! l[] _w1 & 0 on ?is acc\nt invok$1 toge!r ) ! ,manes1 z a witness ( all solemn compacts & oa?s4 ,a v anci5t %r9e ( ?is goddess exi/$ at ,delphi1 & ! oracle !re _h once1 said ! ,delphians1 belong$ to h]4 ,9 ,rome1 :]e %e 0 also v5]at$ z a goddess ( m>riage1 h] temple /ood on ! site ( ! h\se ( ,spurius ,cassius4 ,fe/ive (f]+s 7 made to h] be=e & aft] se$-"t4 ,on ! occasion ( ! ,paganalia1 %e & ,c]es 7 propitiat$ by ! sacrifice ( a pregnant s[1 :i* 0 suppos$ to promote ! prosp]ity ( ! com+ ye>4 #b4 ,rhea ,cybele 7,magna ,mat] ,ida74--,rhea is well kn[n z ! daught] ( ,uranus & ,ga1 & ! wife ( ,cronus1 by :om %e became ! "m ( ,zeus & ! o!r ,cronid4 ,%e seems to h enjoy$ only a limit$ measure ( div9e hon\rs1 until %e 0 id5tifi$ ) ! ,phrygian goddess ,cybele1 :o1 l ! ,egyptian ,isis1 0 an ,asiatic symbol ( f]tility4 ,%e 0 wor%ipp$ ?r\gh\t ,lydia & ,phrygia "u ! appellation ( ! 8,mighty ,"m40 ,!nce h] wor%ip1 :i* 0 ( a peculi>ly noisy "*1 made its way ?r\gh ! ,greek colonies into ,greece itself1 & t[>ds ! end ( ! second ,punic w> 01 at ! in/ance ( ! ,sibyll9e books1 introduc$ into ,rome4 ,attalus1 k+ ( ,p]gamus1 0 on ?is occasion good en\gh to pres5t ! ,romans ) a sacr$ /one1 :i* 0 reg>d$ by ! inhabitants ( ,pess9us z ! great "m h]self4 ,aft] its arrival at ,o/ia1 ?is /one 0 c>ri$ to ,rome amid a solemn procession ( ,roman matrons4 ,! day ( its arrival 7#aj? ,april7 0 ev] aft]w>ds kept z a fe/ival1 at :i* games 7 celebrat$ "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! prtor4 ,! wor%ip ( ,cybele1 h[ev]1 nev] seems to h become naturalis$ 9 ,rome1 p]haps because ,romans 7 n all[$ to (ficiate z h] prie/s4 ,! true home ( ! wor%ip ( ,cybele 0 ! di/rict ( ,pess9us1 a r\gh & rocky m\nta9 l&4 ,x 0 "h t %e made h] noisy processions1 seat$ 9 a *>iot drawn by lions or pan!rs1 amid ! boi/]\s music ( h] weird att5dants1 ! ,corybantes & ,curetes4 ,! my?s t relate to ! goddess be> a wild1 fanta/ic "*1 simil> to t ( h] rites4 ,! be/ kn[n among !m is ! /ory ( h] fav\rite1 ,attis1 or ,atys4 ,he 0 a ,phrygian y\? ( a beauty s exceptional t ! great "m ( ! gods *ose him = h] husb&4 ,at fir/ he return$ h] affection1 b aft]w>ds he prov$ fai?less1 & 0 ab\t to m>ry a daught] ( ! k+ ( ,pess9us4 ,b ! v5geance ( ! angry goddess ov]took him1 = :5 ! w$d+ gue/s 7 assembl$ at ! fe/ive banquet ! goddess appe>$ 9 _! mid/1 & fill$ ^? pres5t ) panic fe>1 & tr\bl$ _! m9ds4 ,atys fl$ to ! m\nta9s1 :]e he slew himself 9 a fit ( fr5zy4 ,aft]w>ds1 ! goddess in/itut$ a great m\rn+ 9 memory ( him1 :i* took place ab\t ! "t ( ! v]nal equ9ox4 ,! prie/s ( ! goddess m>*$1 amid ! l\d noise ( kettle-drums & fifes1 to ! m\nta9s1 9 ord] to se>* = ! lo/ y\?2 & :5 at l5g? he1 or an image repres5t+ him1 0 f\nd1 ! prie/s1 9 an ec/asy ( joy1 danc$ ab\t 9 wild excitem5t1 ga%+ !mselves ) knives4 ,repres5tations ( ,rhea ,cybele are r>e4 ,a /atue repres5t+ h] seat$ on a ?rone is %[n 9 ! ,vatican4 ,h] usual attribute is a kettle-drum4 #c4 ,dionysus1 or ,bac*us 7,lib]74--,dionysus1 or ,bac*us1 0 reg>d$ by ,greeks & ,romans alike z ! god ( w9e & v9ey>ds4 ,9 8 m ext5d$ mean+ he repres5ts ! bless+s ( ! autumn4 ,x is he :o causes ! fruits to rip5 = ! use ( man2 x is likewise he :o disp5ses to mank9d all ! advantages ( civilisation & ref9em5t1 & ( well-ord]$ political affairs4 ,!bes 0 describ$ z ! bir?place ( ! god4 ,8 "m 0 ,semele1 ! daught] ( ,cadmus1 :om ,zeus1 ! great god ( heav51 hon\r$ ) 8 love4 ,?is v love1 h[ev]1 prov$ fatal to ,semele1 = ! ev]-jeal\s ,h]a came to h] 9 ! guise ( h] nurse1 ,b]o1 & succe$$ 9 excit+ h] suspicions z to ! tru? ( h] lov]'s div9ity4 ,%e insidi\sly p]suad$ ,semele to make h] lov] swe> to d :at %e desir$1 & !n to put him to ! te/4 ,semele did s1 & !n bes\ght ,zeus to appe> to h] 9 ! full maje/y ( 8 div9e =m4 ,9 va9 did ,zeus adjure h] to take back h] fooli% reque/2 %e insi/$ on its fulfilm5t1 & p]i%$ mis]ably1 be+ burnt to a%es by ! flame ( ,zeus1 :o approa*$ h] 9 a fla% ( lightn+4 ,h] unborn *ild 0 pres]v$ by ,zeus1 :o ord]$ ,h]mes to c>ry x to ! nymphs ( ,nysa to be br\ght up4 ,a lat] leg5d makes ,ino1 ! si/] ( ,semele1 ! fo/]-"m ( ,dionysus4 ,! locality ( ?is ,nysa is some:at unc]ta91 b x is g5]ally suppos$ to be a di/rict ( ,m\nt ,pangu 9 ,?race4 ,dionysus1 aft] gr[+ up amid ! solitude ( ! =e/ & /r5g!n+ himself by 8 conte/s ) its wild bea/s1 at l5g? plant$ ! v9e4 ,bo? ! god & 8 att5dants soon became intoxicat$ ) its juice2 aft] :i*1 cr[n$ ) wrea?s ( laurel & ivy1 & accompani$ by a cr[d ( nymphs1 satyrs1 & fauns1 he rang$ ! woods1 :i* res\nd$ ) ! l\d & joyful cries ( 8 inspir$ wor%ipp]s4 ,! leg5d says t 8 education 0 !n complet$ by ,sil5us1 ! son ( ,pan4 ,9 company ) 8 preceptor & ! re/ ( 8 tra91 he !n set =? to spread 8 wor%ip & ! cultivation ( ! v9e among ! nations ( ! e>?4 ,he did n conf9e himself to m]e v9e-plant+1 h[ev]1 b prov$ a real b5efactor ( mank9d by f\nd+ cities1 & by introduc+ m civilis$ mann]s & a m pleasant & sociable mode ( life among m54 ,on su* z refus$ 8 fav\rs 8 wra? fell ) dreadful effect4 ,agave1 ! "m ( ! ,!ban k+ ,p5!us1 :o _h refus$ to receive him1 & ! re/ ( ! ,!ban wom51 7 driv5 mad by him2 & 9 _! fr5zy !y mi/ook ! k+ = a wild bo> & tore him to pieces4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cf4--;,dionysus & ,lion4 ,f ! ,monum5t ( ,lysicrates4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ among ! my?s :i* te/ify to ! wondr\s p[] ( ,dionysus is ! /ory ( ! puni%m5t ( ! ,tyrrh5ian pirates4 ,on ! occasion ( 8 passage f ,ic>ia to ,naxos1 ^! pirates put ,dionysus 9 *a9s1 purpos+ to take him to ,italy1 & !re sell him z a slave4 ,at a nod f ! y\?ful god ! *a9s fell f 8 limbs2 he appe>$ z a lion1 :ile a be> 0 se5 at ! o!r end ( ! %ip4 ,v9es & ivy t5drils w\nd !mselves r\nd ! ma/ & sails ( ! %ip1 :i* /ood /ill1 :il/ ! /ra9s ( ! nymphs bur/ =?4 ,! sailors1 t]rifi$ by ! trans=mation ( ! god1 leap$ ov]bo>d1 & 7 *ang$ into dolph9s4 ,a f9e repres5tation1 9 relief1 ( ?is sc5e /ill exi/s on ! monum5t ( ,lysicrates1 at ,a!ns4 ,! mo/ beautiful feature 9 x is ! figure ( ! god play+ ) 8 lion 9 ! mo/ joy\s unconsci\sness 7,fig4 #cf74 ,) ! "n ( ,naxos1 :i* 0 a *ief seat ( 8 wor%ip1 is connect$ ! celebrat$ /ory ( 8 m>riage ) ,ariadne1 ! daught] ( ,m9os1 k+ ( ,crete4 ,! ,attic h]o1 ,!seus1 aft] escap+ ! dang]s ( ! ,labyr9? by h] means1 _h tak5 h] away ) him f ,crete 9 ord] to m>ry h]4 ,he des]t$ h]1 h[ev]1 :il/ asleep on ! isl& ( ,naxos1 ei!r ( 8 own accord or because w>n$ ( ! god 9 a dream4 ,! indescribable angui% & con/]nation ( ,ariadne1 on awak+ to f9d h]self alone & des]t$ on a =eign /r&1 0 only equall$ by h] joy\s surprise :5 ,bac*us1 return+ f 8 travels 9 ,india1 f\nd h] & made h] 8 bride4 ,! poets1 inde$1 d n relate t ,zeus !n be/[$ on h] t immortality :i* he _h already giv5 8 son on acc\nt ( 8 glori\s a*ievem5ts & extraord9>y m]it t[>d mank9d2 b su* appe>s to h be5 ! popul> tradition4 ,at ,a!ns a sort ( h>ve/ ?anksgiv+ 0 celebrat$ 9 hon\r ( bo? ,dionysus & 8 bride1 at :i* v9es ) ! grapes on !m 7 borne 9 solemn procession ?r\gh ! /reets ( ! city4 ,! wor%ip ( ,dionysus ext5d$ n only ov] ! :ole ( ,greece1 b also to ,italy1 ,asia ,m9or1 ,?race1 & ,mac$onia1 & to e place :]e ! v9e 0 cultivat$ by ! ,greeks4 ,! god 0 extoll$ z ,lyu1 ! deliv]] f c>e1 & great fe/ivals 7 in/itut$ 9 8 hon\r1 :i* 7 ( a disord]ly "*1 b v popul> among ! common p4 ,at ! "t ( ! w9t] sol/ice !re 0 m\rn+1 because at ?is season ! v9e seem$ to die away1 & ! god 0 believ$ to be suff]+ p]secution at ! h&s ( ! evil spirits ( w9t]1 & oblig$ to flee 9 consequ5ce to ! sea or l[] _w4 ,x 01 !re=e1 ?\ght "r to suff] ) him1 & p manife/$ _! grief at 8 disappe>ance by e k9d ( wild ge/ure4 ,at ! w9t] fe/ivals ( ,dionysus1 :i* 7 celebrat$ e o!r ye>1 only wom5 & girls took "p4 ,! fe/ivals ( ! god at ! beg9n+ ( spr+1 :5 ! new w9e 0 ta/$ = ! fir/ "t1 7 purely fe/ivals ( gladness1 l ! great] ,dionysia at ,a!ns4 ,on ^! occasions ! reawak5+ ( nature 0 celebrat$ ) b\ndless joy & boi/]\s mir?4 ,all k9ds ( jokes & mis*iev\s pranks 7 indulg$ 91 & fe/ive processions & !atrical p]=mances foll[$ ea* o!r 9 quick succession4 ,! foll[+ fe/ivals 7 celebrat$ at ,a!ns 9 hon\r ( ,dionysus3-- #a4 ,! ,less] or ,rural ,dionysia4 ,?is 0 ! v9tage fe/ival prop]1 :i* did n take place 9 ,attica till ! end ( ,novemb] or beg9n+ ( ,decemb]1 because !y lik$ to let ! grapes hang z long z possible4 ,a he-goat 0 fir/ solemnly sacrific$ to ! god2 ?is 0 foll[$ by a fe/ive procession be>+ ! sacr$ ?+s1 & ! fe/ival conclud$ ) all k9ds ( c\ntry amusem5ts1 danc+1 masqu]ad+1 & revell+4 ,! *ief amusem5t ( ! "y m5 0 danc+ on ! lea!r bag4 ,out ( ! sk9 ( ! slaught]$ goat 0 made a lea!r bag1 :i* 0 inflat$ & sme>$ ) oil3 ! "y m5 !n attempt$ to dance on x4 #b4 ,! ,l5a1 or fea/ ( ! w9e-press1 0 celebrat$ 9 ! mon? ( ,janu>y at ,a!ns1 9 ! place :]e1 accord+ to an old tradition1 ! fir/ w9e-press _h /ood4 ,"h /ood ! ,l5on1 "o ( ! two *ief temples ( ! god4 ,! *ief feature ( ! fe/ival 0 a magnific5t procession ) ! sacr$ symbols ( ! god4 ,?is 0 foll[$ by a great banquet1 ! vi&s = :i* 7 furni%$ by ! city ( ,a!ns4 ,! new w9e :i* 0 drunk on ^! occasions did n t5d to dim9i% ! hil>ity ( ! wor%ipp]s1 s t all k9ds ( mis*iev\s jokes 7 p]petrat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cg4--,! s-call$ ,s>danapalus 9 ! ,vatican4 #c4 ,! ,an!/]ia 7 celebrat$ 9 ,febru>y1 on ! #aa?1 #ab?1 & #ac? days ( ! mon? ,an!/]ion4 ,!y 7 suppos$ to commemorate ! return ( ,dionysus f ! l[] _w1 or1 9 o!r words1 ! reawak5+ ( nature f ! sleep ( w9t]4 ,! fir/ day 0 call$ 7cask-op5+71 because on ?is day ! new w9e 0 fir/ broa*$4 ,! second & *ief day ( ! fe/ival 0 call$ 7cups74 ,a procession & a great banquet took place1 at :i* ! gue/s 7 cr[n$ ) fl[]s4 ,_m lib]ties 7 p]mitt$ to ! slaves on ?is occasion1 z at ! ,roman ,saturnalia4 ,! ?ird day 0 call$ 7pots71 because vessels 7 display$ fill$ ) all k9ds ( boil$ vegetables4 ,^! 7 reg>d$ 9 ! light ( (f]+s = ! s\ls ( ! dead1 :o 7 popul>ly suppos$ to revisit ! upp] _w on ?is occasion4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ch4--,y\?ful ,dionysus4 ,f ! ,*ateau ,ri*elieu1 n[ 9 ! ,l\vre4 #d4 ,! ,great] or ,city ,dionysia =m$ ! *ief fe/ival ( ! god1 & ! prop] spr+-fea/ ( ! ,a!nians4 ,x 0 celebrat$ ) extraord9>y spl5d\r 9 ! mon? ( ,m>*1 & la/$ sev]al days1 br++ toge!r a va/ conc\rse ( /rang]s f all p>ts4 ,! city1 r5[n$ alike = ! ref9$ arti/ic ta/e & ! ke5 wit ( its inhabitants1 !n donn$ its holiday g>b1 & innum]able m]ry antics 7 play$ by ! cr[ds assembl$ 9 ! /reets & squ>es4 ,! *ief feature ( ! fe/ival 0 a solemn procession1 9 :i* an old wood5 /atue ( ! god 0 borne ?r\gh ! /reets4 ,!re 7 likewise banquets & comic processions 9 masks1 & gr& repres5tations ( new com$ies & trag$ies4 ,! proce$+s conclud$ ) ! pres5tation ( prizes to ! successful competitors4 ,! ,italian nationalities likewise celebrat$ a fe/ival on ! #ag? ( ,m>*1 call$ ! ,lib]alia1 9 hon\r ( ,lib]1 or ,lib] ,pat]1 ! ,italian god ( ! v9e4 ,x 0 di/+ui%$ ?r\gh\t by ! simple c\ntrifi$ "* ( ! proce$+s1 & resembl$ ! ,less] ,dionysia ( ! inhabitants ( ,attica4 ,p amus$ !mselves ) all k9ds ( jokes & antics1 & ) masqu]ades1 ! masks = :i* 7 cut f ! b>k ( trees4 ,! *ief object ( ! fe/ival 0 to pray = ! f]tility ( ! v9es4 ,^! innoc5t fe/ivals _h no?+ to d ) ! voluptu\s ,bac*analia :i* 7 aft]w>ds introduc$ into ,rome 9 imitation ( ! ,greek my/]ies1 & :i* ! mo/ rigor\s int]f]5ce ( ! au?orities 0 unable to suppress4 ,if we try to conceive briefly ! significance ( ! wor%ip ( ,dionysus 9 ! religion ( ! anci5ts1 we %all f9d t 9 8 primitive "* ! god 0 a p]sonification ( ! active1 productive p[] ( nature4 ,z ,demet] 0 suppos$ to give corn & ! o!r fruits ( ! field1 s ,dionysus 0 suppos$ to give ! fruits ( trees1 & especially ( ! v9e4 ,he 0 likewise reg>d$ z ! au?or ( ! bless+s ( civilisation1 s t1 on ?is po9t1 he supplem5ts ! idea ( ! great culture-goddess ,demet]1 ) :om1 bo? among ! ,greeks & ,romans1 he _h _m temples & fe/ivals 9 common4 ,look+ at 8 "* f ano!r side1 we f9d him com+ into contact ) ,apollo1 s9ce he 0 suppos$ n only to end[ m5 ) a k9dly1 *e]ful disposition1 b also to inspire !m ) a love ( music1 on :i* acc\nt he 0 hon\r$ ) ,apollo z ! fri5d & lead] ( ! ,muses4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ci4--,m>ble ,head ( ,y\?ful ,dionysus at ,leyd54 ,arti/ic repres5tations ( ,dionysus h come d[n to u on num]\s monum5ts4 ,9 e>li] art he 0 g5]ally depict$ z maje/ic & grave1 & on t acc\nt repres5t$ ) a be>d4 ,we h giv5 an in/ance ( ?is e>li] conception 9 ! s-call$ ,s>danapalus ( ! ,vatican 7,fig4 #cg74 ,9 lat] art he became m y\?ful1 & 0 *>act]is$ by a delicate r\ndness ( =m4 ,! /atues ( ?is p]iod are di/+ui%$ by ! almo/ fem99e expression ( face ) :i* !y end[ ! god1 z well z by ! r\nd$ limbs & ! graceful ease ( e attitude4 ,! /atue ( a y\?ful ,dionysus 9 ! ,l\vre at ,p>is is an in/ance ( ?is lat] mode ( conception 7,fig4 #ch74 ,s likewise is ! head ( ,dionysus at ,leyd51 :i* is di/+ui%$ by a sweet expression ( rev]ie4 ,8 s(t hair1 :i* falls ab\t 8 %\ld]s 9 delicate r+lets1 is g5]ally int]tw9$ ) a g>l& ( v9e leaves or ivy 7,fig4 #ci74 ,! o!r attributes ( ! god are ! ?yrsus1 or ,bac*ic w&1 ! diadem1 ! sk9 ( a wild bea/ fall+ across 8 *e/1 :i* (t5 =ms 8 sole clo?+1 & ! dr9k+-cup 9 8 h&4 ,he is g5]ally accompani$ by lions1 tig]s1 or pan!rs2 & ! bull & ram1 z ! symbols ( f]tility1 7 held sacr$ to him1 :ile ! latt] 0 also 8 usual sacrifice4 ,among plants1 besides ! v9e & ! ivy1 ! laurel 0 held sacr$ to him on acc\nt ( its p[]s ( inspiration4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dj4--,sleep+ ,ariadne4 ,vatican4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #da4--;,danneck]'s ,ariadne4 ,frank=t-on-!-,ma94 ,( all ! prom95t p]sonages 9 ! /ories ( ,dionysus1 ,ariadne has receiv$ mo/ att5tion at ! h&s ( ! sculptor4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ ( su* anci5t monum5ts is a m>ble figure ( great beauty1 l>g] ?an life1 repres5t+ ! sleep+ ,ariadne4 ,x is n[ pres]v$ 9 ! ,vatican ,museum at ,rome 7,fig4 #dj74 ,among ! productions ( mod]n sculptors1 ! ,ariadne ( ,danneck]1 at ,frank=t-on-!-,ma91 :i* repres5ts h] z ! bride ( ,!seus1 rid+ on a pan!r1 ju/ly enjoys a v high reputation 7,fig4 #da74 #d4 ,! ,nymphs4--,we n[ come to a class ( inf]ior t]re/rial div9ities :o are (t5 f\nd 9 ! tra9 ( ,bac*us4 ,! mo/ num]\s & important ( ^! are ! ,nymphs4 ,!y p]sonify ! re/less activity & en]gy ( nature1 ov] ! :ole ( :i* _! p[] ext5ds4 ,!y manife/ _! pres5ce 9 ! murmur+1 rippl+ /reams & brooks1 z well z 9 ! spr\t+ vegetation ( wood & mead[4 ,!y are t5d]1 graceful maid5s1 :o1 ?\gh k9dly dispos$ t[>ds m51 yet avoid human habitations1 & pref] ! peaceful solitude ( ! woods & m\nta9s1 :]e !y lead a m]ry1 joy\s life among ! clefts & grottoes4 ,sometimes !y devote !mselves to useful pursuits1 & sp9 & weave2 sometimes !y engage 9 graceful dances1 & s+ m]ry songs1 or ba! _! delicate limbs 9 ! :ite spray ( lonely brooks4 ,!y gladly jo9 ! tra9 ( ^? sup]ior deities suppos$ to preside 9 ! realms ( nature4 ,?us we see !m jo9+ 9 ! ,bac*ic revelry ) ,dionysus1 or figur+ 9 ! tra9 ( ,aphrodite1 or rang+ field & wood z !y hunt 9 ! company ( ,artemis4 ,accord+ to ! divisions ( nature1 ov] :i* ! ,nymphs 7 suppos$ to preside1 we may di/+ui% ! foll[+ classes3-- #a4 ,! ,wat]-,nymphs1 to :om1 9 _! wid] signification1 ! ,oceanids & ,n]eids also belong4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 we h only to deal ) ! wat]-nymphs ( ! brooks & f\nta9s ( ! l&1 :o are di/+ui%$ by ! "n ( ,naiads4 ,z ! k9dly n\ri%]s ( plants1 & z !reby m9i/]+ indirectly to ! su/5ance ( bo? man & bea/1 !y enjoy$ a l>ge measure ( v5]ation among ! anci5ts1 al?\gh1 be+ inf]ior deities1 !y c\ld claim no temples ( _! own4 ,l ! sea-nymphs1 !y possess$ ! gift ( prophecy1 & appe> z ! patrons ( poetry & song4 #b4 ,nymphs ( ! ,m\nta9s1 or ,oreads1 to :om belong ! nymphs ( ! valleys & gl5s 7,nap74 ,^! 7 v num]\s1 & receiv$ special names f ! p>ticul> m\nta9s or di/ricts !y inhabit$4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ among !m 0 ! ,botian nymph ,e*o4 ,%e 0 consum$ by love = ! beautiful y\? ,n>cissus1 a son ( ! riv]-god ,cephisus1 & f9d+ t he did n reciprocate h] affection1 %e p9$ away 9 ev]-increas+ grief1 until at l5g? h] emaciat$ frame 0 *ang$ into rock1 & no?+ b h] voice rema9$4 ,b ,aphrodite av5g$ ?is injury to h] sex on ,n>cissus1 :o _h 9 8 va9 self-love ?us contemn$ ! beautiful nymph4 ,z he 0 hunt+ "o day on ,m\nt ,helicon1 he b5t d[n to qu5* 8 ?ir/ f a spr+ cle> z cry/al1 & ! goddess caus$ him to fall 9 love ) 8 own %ad[1 :i* 0 reflect$ 9 ! wat]4 ,! object ( 8 desires be+ unatta9able1 he too p9$ away f grief1 & ! fl[] nam$ aft] him has ev] s9ce cont9u$ an emblem ( he>tless beauty4 #c4 ,! ,dryads1 or ,hamadryads 7wood-nymphs74 ,^! appe> to h be5 a conception ( lat] times4 ,x 0 suppos$ t _! exi/5ce dep5d$ on t ( ! trees !y inhabit$1 s t :5 ! latt] 7 de/roy$ ! nymphs also p]i%$4 ,n %>+ immortality1 !re=e1 !y _c prop]ly be reckon$ among ! gods4 ,! v5]ation ( nymphs 0 v anci5t 9 ,greece1 & 0 !nce transf]r$ to ,rome4 ,goats1 lambs1 milk1 & oil 7 (f]$ to !m4 ,9 art !y are depict$ z lovely maid5s1 g5]ally only slightly clad1 & adorn$ ) fl[]s & g>l&s4 ,! ,naiads are also repres5t$ z draw+ wat]1 or ) attributes relat+ to _! elem5t4 #e4 ,! ,satyrs4--,9 contra/ to ! ,nymphs1 or female p]sonifications ( ! life ( ,nature1 we f9d a numb] ( inf]ior wood & wat]-deities ( ! male sex1 call$ ,satyrs1 ,sil5i1 & ,panes1 betwe5 :om x is difficult to di/+ui% cle>ly4 ,g5]ally by ,satyrs 7,fauni7 we und]/& ! wood & m\nta9-spirits prop]1 :o are insep>ably connect$ ) ,dionysus1 ^: att5dant tra9 !y =m4 ,co>se s5suality & a wanton _s ( mis*ief are ! lead+ features ( _! "*4 ,on acc\nt ( _! animal prop5sities !y 7 fabl$ to be only half human 9 appe>ance1 ) blunt noses & o!rwise ignoble features1 bri/l+ hair1 goat-l e>s1 & a goat's tail4 ,l ! ,muses1 !y love music & danc+1 _! in/rum5ts be+ ! ,syr9x & ! flute1 toge!r ) cymbals & ca/anets4 ,l _! ma/]1 !y 7 passionately addict$ to excessive indulg5ce 9 w9e2 b :]eas 9 ! =m] ?is produc$ only a raptur\s en?usiasm & an exalt$ frame ( m9d1 ) !m its effects 7 purely s5sual1 & excit$ !m to insane & unseemly pranks ( all k9ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #db4--;,head ( ,satyr4 ,muni* ,sculpture ,gall]y4 ,! ,satyrs 7 n an uncommon subject ( repres5tation among anci5t arti/s4 ,! conception 0 bas$ on ! orig9al hide\s half-man1 half-animal type2 & 9 art1 z well z 9 poetry1 ! blunt nose1 ! po9t$ e>s1 & ! goat's tail =m _! *>act]i/ic features4 ,! ,bac*ic insignia ( a b& r\nd ! br[ & an ivy g>l& also belong to !m4 ,!re are "s p>ticul>ly f9e antique /atues ( satyrs 9 ! art-collections ( ,muni* & ,rome4 ,! engrav+ 7,fig4 #db7 %[s ! highly-expressive face ( a satyr 9 ! ,muni* collection4 #f4 ,sil5us4--,sil5us1 accord+ to ! common tradition1 0 an old satyr :o t5d$ & br\ght up ,dionysus1 & aft]w>ds became ! fai?ful companion ( 8 w&]+s4 ,he is depict$ by ! poets z a some:at eld]ly man1 ) blunt nose & bald head1 hairy *e/ & ?ighs1 & a /oma* s l>ge t he c sc>cely walk4 ,he g5]ally appe>s rid+ on an ass 9 front ( ! ,bac*ic company1 ) a satyr on ei!r side support+ 8 half-drunk5 =m4 ,! arti/s ( antiquity seem to h devot$ !mselves frequ5tly to ! subject ( ,sil5us4 ,!y ei!r repres5t$ him z ! nurse & preceptor ( ! y\?ful ,bac*us1 hold+ ! *ild 9 8 arms & reg>d+ him ) a look ( affection1 9 :i* ! comic elem5t is entirely lack+1 or !y pres5t him to u z ! insatiable b good-natur$ w9e-bibb]4 ,8 /&+ attribute is ! w9e-sk91 besides :i*1 l o!r memb]s ( ! ,bac*ic tra91 he be>s a ?yrsus & ivy g>l&4 ,besides ,sil5us1 :o 0 celebrat$ z ! preceptor ( ,dionysus1 !re 0 a :ole tribe ( ,sil5i4 ,:e!r ?is is due to ! fact t ! old] satyrs 7 call$ ,sil5i1 or :e!r !y =m a special class ( deities presid+ ov] ! fl[+1 gu%+ wat]1 _c be det]m9$ ) any c]ta9ty4 ,among ! ,sil5i 7 two p]sonages :o play a "p 9 ! /ory ( ,dionysus4 ,^! 7 ,m>syas & ,midas4 ,! =m]1 l all satyrs1 0 an accompli%$ ma/] ( ! flute1 & *all5g$ ,apollo to a trial ( skill :i* prov$ fatal to him4 ,! conditions ( ! conte/ 7 t he :o 0 vanqui%$ %\ld put himself entirely 9 ! p[] ( 8 adv]s>y4 ,apollo won1 & made a cruel use ( 8 victory by hang+ ,m>syas on a p9e tree & flay+ him alive4 ,midas 0 ! my?ic f\nd] ( ! k+dom ( ,phrygia1 9 ,asia ,m9or1 :i!r he _h emigrat$ f ,mac$onia4 ,tradition makes him a son ( ,cybele1 &1 z h] fav\rite1 end[$ ) fabul\s weal?4 ,b1 l _m ( ! sons ( m5 9 ! pres5t day1 ! ri*] he grew ! great] 0 8 ?ir/ = gold1 until x betray$ him at l5g? into an act ( great folly4 ,"o day1 ! drunk5 ,sil5us /ray$ f ! company ( ,bac*us into ! g>d5 ( ,midas4 ,! latt] receiv$ him ) great hospitality1 & aft] ent]ta9+ him sumptu\sly = t5 days br\ght him to ,bac*us4 ,pleas$ ) 8 k9dness1 ! god rew>d$ him ) ! gratification ( any wi% he might make4 ,midas n[ wi%$ t ev]y?+ he t\*$ might turn to gold4 ,naturally ! gratification ( ?is wi% well-nigh prov$ 8 ru92 & he only escap$ by wa%+1 at ! comm& ( ! god1 9 ! riv] ,pactolus1 :i* has ev] s9ce wa%$ d[n gold 9 its s&s4 ,a lat] fable makes ,midas ! judge 9 ! rivalry ( ,apollo & ,pan1 on :i* occasion he decid$ 9 fav\r ( ! latt]1 = :i* ! god *ang$ 8 e>s into ^? ( an ass4 ,mod]n criticism has se5 9 ! ri* ,midas "o ( ! _m p]sonifications ( ! sun1 :o1 z he rises ov] ! e>?1 turns all ?+s to gold4 #g4 ,greek & ,roman ,wood-,spirits4--#a4 ,pan4--,pan 0 a v anci5t god ( ! woods & mead[s4 ,he 0 at fir/ hon\r$ only by ! inhabitants ( ! m\nta9-l& ( ,arcadia & by o!r pa/oral tribes4 ,subsequ5tly 8 div9ity 0 m g5]ally ackn[l$g$ & m highly e/eem$4 ,common acc\nts make him ! son ( ,h]mes by ! nymph ,p5elope1 a daught] ( ,dryops4 ,8 "m 0 n a little t]rifi$ at 8 bir?1 s9ce he 0 hairy all ov]1 & _h horns & goat's feet4 ,8 fa!r wrapp$ him 9 a h>e-sk91 & bore him to ,olympus1 :]e ! assembl$ gods %[$ no small pleasure at ! sight ( ! /range little wood-demon4 ,f "t immemorial ,pan 0 reg>d$ by ! %eph]ds ( ,greece z _! mo/ d\ghty protector2 = :i* reason ! m\nta9 caves 9 :i* !y ga!r$ _! h]ds toge!r at night1 or 9 ?reat5+ wea!r1 7 held sacr$ to him4 ,!re 7 _m su* caves ( ,pan 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,arcadia1 & also "o at ! foot ( ! ,acropolis at ,a!ns1 besides o!rs on ,m\nt ,p>nassus 9 ,botia1 & else:]e4 ,pan 0 e/eem$ a god ( great *e]fulness & activity ( "*1 :o lov$ to range ! woods z a huntsman1 & 0 on ?is acc\nt reg>d$ ) little less v5]ation by huntsm5 ?an by %eph]ds4 ,he 0 also look$ on z ! patron ( fi%+ & bee-keep+4 ,z ! god ( %eph]ds1 ,pan 0 also a lov] ( music1 & on return+ 9 ! ev5+ f ! *ase1 says ! ,hom]ic /ory1 he 0 wont to play sweet tunes on 8 pan-pipe 7,syr9x71 :il/ ! ,oreads1 or m\nta9-nymphs1 sang ! praises ( ! gods & l$ (f _! spirit$ dances4 ,! poets h f\nd$ a /ory on 8 discov]y ( ! ,syr9x4 ,!y inv5t$ a fabul\s nymph call$ ,syr9x1 ) :om ,pan 0 suppos$ to h fall5 viol5tly 9 love4 ,! nymph1 h[ev]1 did n return 8 affection1 & fl$ f 8 embraces4 ,pan pursu$ h]1 & 9 h] extremity %e s\ght ! aid ( ,ga1 :o trans=m$ h] into a re$4 ,out ( ?is re$ ,pan1 by jo9+ sev5 pieces toge!r1 made an in/rum5t :i* he call$ ! ,syr9x1 aft] ! nymph4 ,pan 0 z passionately fond ( danc+ z ( music4 ,accord+ to ,p9d>1 he 0 ! mo/ accompli%$ danc] among ! gods4 ,8 fav\rite amusem5t 0 to dance 9 company ) ! m\nta9-nymphs1 on :i* occasions he regal$ !m ) e k9d ( droll leap1 9 ! p]=mance ( :i* 8 goat's feet /ood him 9 good /ead4 ,z a wood-deity1 ,pan also possess$ ! gift ( prophecy2 inde$1 accord+ to "s1 x 0 he :o fir/ imp>t$ ?is gift to ,apollo4 ,he c]ta9ly _h a v anci5t oracle at ,acacesium 9 ,arcadia4 ,wild m\nta9\s c\ntry & ! ?ick untrodd5 =e/ are bo? alike apt to impress ! lonely travell] ) feel+s ( awe4 ,all su* s5sations ( sudd5 & unacc\ntable fe> 7 ascrib$ to ,pan 7,panic74 ,he 0 also said to delight 9 t]rify+ travell]s ) all k9ds ( /range noises4 ,h5ce1 at a lat] p]iod1 arose ! /ory t 9 ! conte/ ) ! ,titans he r5d]$ good s]vice to ,zeus by bl[+ on a %ell trumpet :i* he _h inv5t$1 :]eupon ! ,titans 7 seiz$ ) a sudd5 t]ror4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is only ano!r v]sion ( ,triton's s]vices at ! battle ) ! giants4 ,x is well kn[n t ! ,a!nians introduc$ ! wor%ip ( ,pan1 to :i* !y _h be5 hi!rto /rang]s1 into _! city aft] ! battle ( ,m>a?on1 9 consequ5ce ( ! assi/ance :i* !y believ$ !y _h receiv$ f ! god4 ,su* are ! m anci5t & simple features ( ! "* ( ,pan4 ,he assum$ a high] significance :5 m5 began to reg>d him z ! companion ( ! 8,mighty ,"m10 & assign$ him a place 9 ! ,bac*ic circle4 ,m5 n[ saw 9 him a productive =ce ( nature l ! ,phrygian ,attis2 inde$1 9 consequ5ce ( a mis9t]pretation ( 8 "n1 he 0 made ! creator & god ( ! univ]se4 ,he seems to h orig9ally signifi$ ! 8purify+0 breeze1 :i* at "o "t :i/l$ ?r\gh ! re$s1 or at ano!r moan$ dismally 9 ! =e/1 fright5+ ! belat$ travell]4 ,aft] he _h once be5 introduc$ into ! company ( ,dionysus1 poets & arti/s alike set !mselves to "w to inv5t a numb] ( ,panes & little ,pans 7,panisci71 :o 7 easily conf\nd$ ) ! ,satyrs & ,sil5i4 ,! *ief %r9e ( ,pan 0 at ,acacesium 9 ,arcadia4 ,c[s1 goats1 & %eep 7 sacrific$ to him1 besides (f]+s ( milk1 honey1 & new w9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dc4--,pan4 ,f a ,mural ,pa9t+ at ,h]culaneum4 ,9 art we mu/ di/+ui% ! e>li] & lat] types ( ! god4 ,9 ! =m]1 :i* dates f ! be/ days ( ,greek art1 he is conceiv$ z entirely human 9 appe>ance1 ) ! exception ( two spr\t+ horns on ei!r side ( ! =ehead4 ,lat]1 he 0 depict$ ) l>g] horns1 a long goat's be>d1 & goat's feet4 ,we give an engrav+ ( ?is lat] conception 7,fig4 #dc71 :i* is tak5 f a mural pa9t+ at ,naples4 ,! usual attributes ( ,pan are a ,syr9x & %eph]d's crook1 sometimes also a p9e g>l&4 #b4 ,silvanus4--,among ! ,roman wood-deities1 ,silvanus occupies a position mo/ ak9 to t ( ,pan1 al?\gh !y are n exactly id5tical4 ,8 "n1 d]iv$ f silva 7wood71 po9ts him out z ! god ( ! =e/1 :]e he 0 suppos$ to dwell1 a deity k9dly dispos$ t[>ds mank9d1 & propiti\s to ! welf>e ( trees1 plants1 & cattle4 ,at times1 h[ev]1 he appe>s1 l ,pan1 z a mis*iev\s sprite1 :o delights to trick & t]rify ! lonely travell]4 ,8 sph]e ( activity 0 n conf9$ to ! woods1 s9ce he 0 also reg>d$ z ! au?or ( fruitfulness 9 g>d5s & or*>ds4 ,9 ?is "* ,silvanus be>s a close resemblance to ,t]m9us1 ! god ( b\nd>ies & l&$ prop]ty1 inasmu* z he pres]ves fields1 g>d5s1 & h\ses f h>m4 ,! fir/ ( ! fruits ( ! field 7 (f]$ to him4 ,he _h two %r9es 9 ,rome1 "o on ! ,vim9al & ano!r on ! ,av5t9e4 ,arti/s & poets agree 9 repres5t+ ,silvanus z an old man ) a ru/ic head-ge>1 scatt]+ bloom+ lilies & o!r fl[]s4 ,he is usually di/+ui%$ by a prun+-knife4 #c4 ,faunus & ,fauna4--,closely resembl+ ,silvanus is ano!r deity call$ ,faunus1 "o ( ! mo/ anci5t national gods ( ,italy4 ,he appe>s z ! good _s ( ! m\nta9s1 pa/ures1 & pla9s4 ,he 0 reg>d$ by ! %eph]ds z _! be/ protector1 s9ce he made _! cattle fruitful & drove (f noxi\s bea/s ( prey4 ,9 ! =m] "* he 0 also call$ ,inuus 7! f]tilis]72 9 ! latt] ,lup]cus 7! w>d]-(f ( wolves74 ,l ,pan1 he appe>s to h 8 seat 9 ! woods1 :5ce he sometimes t]rifies & annoys travell]s4 ,at night1 too1 he creeps into m5's h\ses1 & torm5ts !m ) evil dreams & horrible app>itions 7,incubus74 ,l ,pan1 too1 ,faunus possess$ ! gift ( prophecy1 & answ]$ bo? by direct revelations & by dreams4 ,9 ?is "* he 0 call$ ,fatuus1 & _h a celebrat$ oracle 9 ! grove at ,tibur1 on ! spr+ ,albunea4 ,hav+ once inv5t$ a numb] ( ,fauns1 ! poets soon began to id5tify !m ) ! ,satyrs ( ! ,greeks4 ,9 hon\r ( ?is decid$ly national deity1 diff]5t fe/ivals 7 celebrat$1 at :i* rams 7 sacrific$ & libations ( w9e & milk made4 ,! ,faunalia 7 celebrat$ on ! ,nones ( ,decemb]1 on :i* occasion ! gue/s at ! fe/ive bo>d surr5d]$ !mselves to ! mo/ unre/ra9$ mir?1 & grant$ _m lib]ties also to _! slaves4 ,! ,lup]calia1 h[ev]1 =m$ ! prop] expiatory fe/ival ( ,faunus4 ,?is fe/ival 0 celebrat$ on ! #ae? ( ,febru>y1 & 0 rem>kable = ! numb] ( anci5t cu/oms :i* 7 obs]v$4 ,! *ief ( ^! 0 ! c\rse ( ! ,lup]ci1 or prie/s ( ,faunus1 :o1 aft] mak+ _! (f]+1 ran f ! %r9e ( ! god 7,lup]cal71 on ! ,palat9e1 ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,rome1 _! only clo?+ be+ an apron cut f ! sk9 ( ! slaught]$ animal4 ,!y /ruck all :om !y met ) ?ongs1 also cut f ! same blood-/a9$ sk94 ,b>r5 wom5 plac$ !mselves 9 ! way ( ! ,lup]ci1 believ+ t by means ( ! /rokes ! reproa* ( b>r5ness w\ld be tak5 away f !m4 ,z a day ( atonem5t1 ?is day 0 t]m$ dies februatus 7f febru>e1 to purify71 :5ce ! "n ( ! mon?4 ,! fem99e c\nt]p>t ( ,faunus1 ?\gh n 8 wife1 0 ,fauna1 a propiti\s1 k9dly goddess ( ! pla9s4 ,%e is also call$ ,maia1 or ,bona ,dea4 ,! wom5 made an (f]+ to h] e ye> at night1 on :i* occasion males 7 /rictly exclud$4 ,9 art ,faunus be>s exactly ! same appe>ance z ,pan1 ) :om1 inde$1 he 0 (t5 id5tifi$4 #h4 ,priapus4--,! wor%ip ( ,priapus1 ! god ( fields & g>d5s1 appe>s to h be5 long ( a purely local "*1 conf9$ pr9cipally to ! di/ricts on ! ,hellespont1 s9ce he is n ev5 m5tion$ by e>li] writ]s4 ,he 0 ! son ( ,dionysus & ,aphrodite1 & presid$ ov] ! exub]ant f]tility ( nature4 ,he 0 suppos$ to ex]cise influ5ce ov] ! fruitfulness ( flocks & h]ds1 :il/ fi%+ & ! re>+ ( bees 7 also plac$ "u 8 protection4 ,8 special sph]e1 h[ev]1 0 ! protection ( g>d5s & v9ey>ds4 ,asses 7 sacrific$ to him1 a fact :i* gave rise to all sorts ( comical /ories relat+ to ! ho/ility ( ,priapus to ?is animal4 ,besides ?is1 he receiv$ ! fir/ fruits ( ! g>d5 & field & dr9k-(f]+s ( milk & honey4 ,! wor%ip ( ,priapus 0 introduc$ into ,italy at ! same "t z t ( ,aphrodite1 & he 0 id5tifi$ ) ! native ,mutunus4 ,?is deity 0 sc>cely notic$ 9 high] art4 ,9 ! g>d5s ( ,italy1 h[ev]1 r\gh-hewn pill>s ( wood1 simil> to ^? ( ,h]mes1 7 erect$ 9 8 hon\r4 ,he is usually di/+ui%$ by a prun+-knife & club4 #i4 ,saturnus & ,ops4--,be=e pass+ to ,demet]1 or ,c]es1 ! great goddess ( civilisation1 to :om by ,greeks & ,romans alike ! bless+s ( ! h>ve/ 7 ascrib$1 & :o =ms ! be/ l9k betwe5 ! gods ( ! upp] & l[] worlds1 we mu/ pause to consid] "s gods ( agriculture & cattle-re>+ peculi> to ! ,romans4 ,among !m are ,saturn & ,ops1 :o belong to ! mo/ anci5t national deities ( ,italy4 ,to ,saturn 0 ascrib$ ! introduction ( agriculture1 toge!r ) ! cultivation ( ! v9e & o!r fruits4 ,he 01 !re=e1 v5]at$ z ! great b5efactor ( mank9d1 :o n only promot$ ! physical welf>e ( m51 b :o also introduc$ a high] /&>d ( civilisation4 ,aft] ! ,romans _h become acqua9t$ ) ! my?ology ( ! ,greeks1 !y id5tifi$ him ) ,cronus4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 ! /ory arose t1 aft] 8 de?ronem5t by ,jupit]1 ,saturn fl$ to ,italy1 :]e he 0 hospitably receiv$ by ,janus4 ,!re he is said to h br\ght toge!r ! inhabitants1 :o _h hi!rto w&]$ ab\t )\t any fix$ homes1 & to h unit$ !m 9 regul> political communities1 ov] :i* he himself rul$4 ,?is 0 ! gold5 age4 ,9 remembrance ( ! happy age :5 m5 7 n yet tr\bl$ by sorr[ or ne$1 ! ,saturnalia 7 celebrat$ dur+ ?ree days1 beg9n+ f ! #ag? ( ,decemb]4 ,?is fe/ival1 :i* ) *ang$ mean+ /ill cont9ues 9 ! ,c>nival ( ! pres5t day1 0 celebrat$ 9 ,rome ) p>ticul>ly great spl5d\r4 ,unb\nd$ fe/ivity reign$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole t[n1 & v5t$ itself 9 e description ( joke & prank4 ,! di/9ctions ( class 7 susp5d$1 ! c\rts & s*ools kept holiday1 & ! %ops 7 clos$4 ,! *ief day 0 ! #ai? ( ,decemb]1 :i* 0 especially a fe/ive day = ! slaves1 = on ?is day !re 7 practically no slaves 9 ,rome4 ,no s]vices 7 requir$ ( !m1 & !y 7 all[$ to don ! clo!s ( _! ma/]s & to eat & dr9k z mu* z !y lik$1 :il/ _! ma/]s wait$ on !m at table4 ,& ?is cu/om all[$ a class1 o!rwise subject to s _m afflictions1 to =get _! sorr[s = at lea/ "o day 9 a ye>4 ,weal?y ,romans g5]ally kept op5 h\se on ?is day1 & vi$ ) ea* o!r 9 ! spl5d\r ( _! hospitalities2 & ( c\rse a solemn sacrifice 0 made to ,saturn4 ,! wooll5 b&ages :i*1 dur+ ! great] "p ( ! ye>1 envelop$ ! feet ( 8 /atue 9 ord] t he might n dep>t )\t v\*saf+ a bless+1 7 on ?is day unloos$1 & ?r\gh\t ! night ! temple 0 illum9at$ ) wax tap]s4 ,?is fe/ival1 :i* 0 extremely popul> among ! ,romans1 0 also celebrat$ ) games 9 ! circus4 ,! *ief temple ( ,saturn1 :i* 0 begun by ,t>qu9ius ,sup]bus & f9i%$ 9 ! fir/ ye>s ( ! ,republic1 0 situat$ on ! asc5t to ! ,capitol f ! ,=um4 ,b5ea? x 0 a vault conta9+ ! /ate treasury1 or r>ium1 ! gu>dian%ip ( ! /ate treasures be+ committ$ to ?is god z ! disp5s] ( e bless+4 ,reg>d$ z ! wife ( ,saturn1 & !re=e id5tifi$ ) ,rhea1 ,ops 0 ! goddess ( ! se$-"t & h>ve/4 ,on ?is acc\nt h] wor%ip 0 closely connect$ ) t ( ,saturn1 & %e _h a place 9 8 temple on ! ,capitol9e4 ,a fe/ival 0 celebrat$ 9 hon\r ( h] on ! #be? ( ,augu/1 :5 ! newly-ga!r$ corn 0 ?re%$4 ,:5 tak5 toge!r1 ,saturn & ,ops 7 reg>d$ z deities :o presid$ ov] m>riage & ! education ( *ildr51 x be+ an easy /ep f ! deity ( ! spr\t+1 rip5+ se$1 to t ( ! budd+1 ?riv+ season ( human life4 ,saturn is always repres5t$ z an old man1 & is g5]ally di/+ui%$ by a prun+-knife or sickle4 #aj4 ,v]tumnus & ,pomona4--,v]tumnus & ,pomona mu* resemble ,saturn & ,ops1 ! only diff]5ce be+ t ! =m] ex]t _! influ5ce solely on ! gr[? & welf>e ( ! fruits ( ! g>d5 & or*>d4 ,v]tumnus prop]ly signifies ! self-*ang+ "o2 ref]r+1 probably1 to ! manifold *anges :i* ! fruit und]goes f ! "t ( its fir/ appe>ance 9 blossom to t ( its maturity4 ,= ! same reason ! god 0 said to possess ! faculty ( assum+ any %ape he lik$4 ,! fir/ ( ! fl[]s & fruits 7 (f]$ to him4 ,pomona1 z h] "n signifies1 0 ! goddess ( ! fruit h>ve/1 & call$ by ! poets ! wife ( ,v]tumnus4 ,ea* deity _h a special prie/ 7flam571 ?\gh ! latt] naturally held only an inf]ior position4 ,9 art ,v]tumnus g5]ally appe>s z a beautiful y\?1 8 head cr[n$ ) a g>l& ( e>s ( corn or laurel1 ) a horn ( pl5ty1 z a symbol ( ! bless+s he be/[s1 9 8 "r h&4 ,he is sometimes di/+ui%$ by a di% fill$ ) fruit1 or a prun+-knife4 ,pomona is g5]ally repres5t$ z ! season ( ,autumn1 a beautiful maid5 ) b\ghs ( fruit-trees 9 h] h&4 #aa4 ,flora4--,among ! inf]ior deities ( ! pla9 0 ,flora1 ! goddess ( blossoms & fl[]s1 :o 0 held 9 great hon\r by ! ,sab9es1 & ev]y:]e 9 ! int]ior ( ,italy4 ,h] wor%ip is said to h be5 introduc$ into ,rome by ,numa1 :o assign$ ! goddess a prie/ ( h] own4 ,%e atta9$ a high] significance by becom+ a goddess ( mat]nity1 :om wom5 invok$ be=e _! conf9em5t4 ,h] fe/ival 0 celebrat$ ) great rejoic+s f ! #bh? ( ,april to ! #a/ ( ,may 7,floralia74 ,! doors ( ! h\ses 7 adorn$ ) fl[]s1 & wrea?s 7 worn 9 ! hair4 ,aft] ! fir/ ,punic w>1 ! fe/ival1 :i* 0 rem>kable ?r\gh\t = its m]ry & tumultu\s "*1 0 also celebrat$ ) games1 h>es & de] be+ hunt$ 9 ! circus4 ,arti/s appe> to h repres5t$ ,flora z ! season ( ,spr+1 9 ! guise ( a beautiful girl cr[n$ ) fl[]s4 ,!re is a f9e m>ble /atue ( ?is k9d1 l>g] ?an life1 9 ! museum at ,naples1 call$ ! ,f>nese ,flora4 #ab4 ,pales4--,pales 0 ! anci5t pa/oral goddess ( ! ,italian tribes1 f :om ! "n ,palat9e1 :i* orig9ally meant no?+ b a pa/oral colony1 0 d]iv$4 ,%e 0 especially v5]at$ by ! %eph]ds1 :o bes\ght h] to s5d fruitfulness & heal? to _! flocks4 ,a fe/ival 9 h] hon\r 0 celebrat$ on ! #ba/ ( ,april1 ! anniv]s>y ( ! f\ndation ( ! city 7,palilia71 at :i* v anci5t ru/ic cu/oms 7 obs]v$4 ,! mo/ rem>kable ( ^! 0 ! k9dl+ ( a l>ge /raw fire1 ?r\gh :i* ! %eph]ds ru%$ ) _! flocks1 ?9k+ ?us to purify !mselves f _! s9s4 ,milk & bak$ millet-cakes 7 (f]$ to ! goddess4 ,!re is no /atue ( h] n[ 9 exi/5ce4 #ac4 ,t]m9us4--,t]m9us1 al?\gh he _h no?+ to d ei!r ) ! welf>e ( ! crops or ! fruitfulness ( ! flocks1 may yet be reckon$ among ! field deities1 z ! god :o specially presid$ ov] b\nd>ies4 ,all l&m>ks 7 held sacr$ to him1 & _! erection 0 att5d$ ) religi\s c]emonies4 ,9 ord] t 8 p might fully appreciate ! sanctity ( b\nd>ies1 ,k+ ,numa in/itut$ a special fe/ival 9 hon\r ( ! god1 call$ ! ,t]m9alia1 & annually celebrat$ on ! #bcrd ( ,febru>y4 ,! proprietors ( l&s bord]+ on ea* o!r 7 wont on ?is occasion to cr[n ! b\nd>y /one ) g>l&s1 & to make an (f]+ ( a flat cake to ! god4 ,9 8 wid] signification ,t]m9us 0 reg>d$ z ! god "u ^: protection ! b\nd>ies ( ! /ate repos$1 & 9 ?is "* he _h a *apel 9 ! temple ( ,m9]va on ! ,capitol4 ,a /atue ( ! god also /ood 9 ! mid/ ( ! temple ( ,jupit] ,capitol9us1 :i* is expla9$ by ! foll[+ /ory3--,aft] ,t>qu9ius _h conceiv$ ! plan ( build+ ! great temple ( ,jupit] on ! ,capitol1 ! limit$ space necessitat$ ! removal ( sev]al exi/+ %r9es1 :i* c\ld only occur ) ! cons5t ( ! deities !mselves4 ,!y all express$ by means ( auguries _! read9ess to make way = ! highe/ god ( heav51 except ,t]m9us1 :o refus$1 & ^: %r9e _h !re=e to be includ$ 9 ! temple ( ,jupit]4 ,/atues ( ,t]m9us are exactly l ! ,h]m ( ! ,greeks1 & h no importance 9 art4 #ad4 ,demet] 7,c]es74--,demet] 0 a daught] ( ,cronus & ,rhea4 ,h] "n signifies ,"m ,e>?1 & %e is1 !re=e1 an expression ( ! anci5t conception ( ! e>?-goddess1 ) a special ref]5ce to nature & human civilisation4 ,%e 0 also nam$ ,deo1 & by comp>ison ( ^! two words1 h] "n has be5 int]pret$ z ,dawn-,"m1 f ! same root z ,zeus1 ! sky4 ,! ?riv+ ( ! crops 0 ascrib$ to h] influ5ce2 %e 0 fur!r reg>d$ z ! patroness ( all ^? arts :i* are m or less intimately connect$ ) agriculture1 & :i* m5 fir/ le>n$ f h]4 ,demet] ?us rises to ! rank ( a goddess ( civilisation4 ,%e rescu$ m5 by means ( agriculture f ! l[] grades ( hunt]s & %eph]ds1 & br\ght _! =m] rude & b>b>\s mann]s into subjection to law & morality4 ,%e ?us becomes t 8b\ntiful daught] ( ,heav510 :o1 z ,s*ill] s+s 9 8 ,lay ( ! ,bell1 8( old ,call$ ! wild man f wa/e & wold1 ,&1 9 8 hut ?y pres5ce /eal+1 ,r\s$ ea* famili> h\sehold feel+2 ,&1 be/ ( all ! happy ties1 ,! c5tre ( ! social b&1-- ,! in/9ct ( ! ,fa!rl&40 ,reg>d$ 9 ?is light1 %e comes into contact ) ,dionysus1 ^: b5eficial influ5ce on human civilisation & mann]s we h already describ$4 ,?is acc\nts = ! intimate connection ( ^! two deities 9 ! ,eleus9ian my/]ies1 :]e ,dionysus-,iac*us ev5 appe>s z ! son ( ,demet] & ! husb& ( ,cora-,p]sephone4 ,ow+ to ! important "p %e play$ 9 ! in/itution ( law & ord] among mank9d1 %e 0 v5]at$ z ! goddess ( m>riage1 m>riage be+ ! necess>y f\ndation ( civil society4 ,%e 0 also reg>d$ z ! tutel>y goddess ( national assemblies4 ,( ! num]\s leg5ds :i* are l9k$ ) ! "n ( ?is goddess1 none p]haps is m celebrat$1 or m pregnant ) mean+ 9 reg>d to h] wor%ip1 ?an ! rape ( h] daught] ,p]sephone1 or ,cora4 ,! latt] 0 once play+ ) ! daught]s ( ,oceanus 9 a fl[]y mead[1 :]e !y 7 pick+ fl[]s & mak+ g>l&s4 ,p]sephone happ5$ to quit h] companions = a mom5t to pluck a n>cissus %e _h p]ceiv$1 :5 sudd5ly ! gr\nd op5$ at h] feet1 & ,pluto1 or ,hades1 ! god ( ! inf]nal regions1 appe>$ 9 a *>iot drawn by snort+ horses4 ,swift z ! w9d he seiz$ & c>ri$ (f ! t]rifi$ maid5 9 spite ( h] /ruggles1 & vani%$ aga9 into ! regions ( d>kness be=e h] companions 7 aw>e ( ! cata/rophe4 ,all ?is occurr$1 h[ev]1 ) ! k ( ,zeus1 :o _h1 unkn[n to ,demet]1 promis$ h] daught] to ,pluto4 ,:5 ,demet] miss$ h] d>l+ *ild1 & none c\ld tell h] :]e %e _h gone1 %e k9dl$ tor*es1 & dur+ _m days & nights w&]$ 9 anxiety ?r\gh all ! c\ntries ( ! e>?1 n ev5 re/+ = food or sleep4 ,at l5g? ,helios1 :o sees & he>s ev]y?+1 told ,demet] :at _h happ5$1 n disguis+1 h[ev]1 t x _h occurr$ ) ! cons5t ( ,zeus4 ,full ( wra? & grief1 ! goddess n[ )drew f ! society ( ! o!r gods into ! deepe/ solitude4 ,mean:ile all ! fruits ( ! e>? ceas$1 & a g5]al fam9e ?reat5$ to ext+ui% ! human race4 ,9 va9 ,zeus s5t "o mess5g] aft] ano!r1 besee*+ ! angry goddess to return to ,olympus4 ,demet] swore t %e w\ld nei!r return nor all[ ! fruits ( ! e>? to gr[ until h] daught] 0 re/or$ to h]4 ,at l5g? ,zeus 0 fa9 to cons5t1 & despat*$ ,h]mes to ! l[] _w to br+ ,p]sephone back4 ,p]sephone joyfully prep>$ to obey ?is comm&1 b z %e 0 ab\t to dep>t ,hades gave h] a pomegranate-se$ to eat1 :]eupon %e f\nd h]self b\nd to him & unable to return4 ,by means ( ,zeus1 h[ev]1 a compact 0 made by :i* ,p]sephone 0 to sp5d two-?irds ( ! ye> 9 ! upp] _w ) h] "m1 & ! rema9+ portion ) h] husb&4 ,& ?us e ye> at spr+tide %e asc5ds f h] subt]rane\s k+dom to enjoy h]self 9 h] "m's company1 b returns aga9 late 9 autumn to ! regions ( d>kness & dea?4 ,x is n difficult to discov] ! mean+ ( ?is my?4 ,x is simply an allegorical repres5tation ( ! spectacle t is annually r5ew$ be=e our eyes--! dy+ away & com+ to life aga9 ( ! vegetable _w4 ,:il/ ,cora is dwell+ dur+ ! w9t] mon?s 9 ! realms ( ,hades1 ,nature appe>s to we> a g>b ( m\rn+ = h] lo/ daught]4 ,9 ! ,eleus9ian my/]ies ?is inevitable decease & resurrection ( ! vegetable _w 0 conceiv$ z a symbol ( high] mean+1 sett+ =? ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,e liv+ be+ %>es ! fate ( ,cora2 e life becomes ! prey ( cold1 inexorable dea?1 only to arise f ! d>kness ( ! grave m beautiful & glori\s ?an be=e4 ,closely connect$ ) ?is beautiful & expressive my? is ano!r :i* ref]s to ! in/itution ( ! ,eleus9ian my/]ies4 ,:5 ,demet]1 aft] ! loss ( h] daught]1 0 w&]+ ov] ! e>? 9 ! guise ( a poor old woman1 %e came to ,eleusis4 ,! daught]s ( ,celes1 ! k+ ( ! city1 f\nd h] sitt+ on a /one by ! ,maid5s' ,well z !y came ?i!r to draw wat]1 & (f]$ ! old woman s]vice 9 _! fa!r's h\se z nurse to _! y\nge/ bro!r ,demophon4 ,! goddess cons5t$1 & 0 k9dly receiv$ 9 ! h\se ( ,celes1 :]e %e 0 at once in/all$ z nurse to ! "y pr9ce4 ,%e became s fond ( ! *ild t %e resolv$ to make him immortal by ano9t+ him ) ambrosia1 & !n lay+ him at night 9 ! gl[ ( ! fire4 ,%e 0 discov]$ at h] "w1 h[ev]1 by ! "m ( ! *ild1 ^: cries di/urb$ h]1 & ?us prev5t$ h] f fulfill+ h] b5evol5t int5tion4 ,%e n[ reveal$ h]self to ,celes1 & comm&$ him to build h] a temple 9 ,eleusis4 ,:5 x _h be5 ha/ily complet$1 ) ! help ( ! goddess1 %e initiat$ ,celes & "s o!r pr9ces ( ,eleusis--,triptolemus1 ,eumolpus1 & ,diocles--9 ! solemn rites ( h] s]vice4 ,on ,triptolemus1 :o is call$ ! son ( ,celes1 %e impos$ ! task ( dissem9at+ a k ( agriculture & ( h] own wor%ip ?r\gh\t ! e>?1 & = ?is purpose l5t him h] own *>iot & dragons4 ,on ?is he travell$ ?r\gh ! c\ntries ( ! e>?1 mak+ kn[n ev]y:]e ! bless+s ( agriculture1 & unit+ m5 9 regul> political communities4 ,he 0 n well receiv$ 9 all places1 & ! goddess _h sometimes to /ep 9 & puni% ^? :o contemn$ h] b5efits4 ,su* 0 ! case ) ! ,scy?ian k+ ,lynceus & ! ,!ssalian pr9ce ,erysi*?on2 b at l5g? h] cause triumph$1 & ! wor%ip ( ! b\ntiful goddess spread itself ov] ! :ole _w4 ,! *ief seat ( h] wor%ip 0 ! city ( ,eleusis1 :i* 0 beautifully situat$ on ! bay ( ,salamis4 ,x reta9$ ?is hon\r ev5 aft] x _h lo/ its indep5d5ce & come into ! possession ( ! ,a!nians4 ,! ,eleus9ian my/]ies 7 celebrat$ bo? "h & at ,a!ns1 9 hon\r ( ,demet] & ! deities associat$ ) h]4 ,!y probably conta9$ a symbolical hi/ory ( ,cora4 ,!re 0 a di/9ction betwe5 ! great] & less] my/]ies4 ,! latt] 7 celebrat$ at ,a!ns 9 ! mon? ( ,an!/]ion 7,febru>y71 & 7 a k9d ( prep>ation = ! great] my/]ies1 :i* took place 9 ,septemb]1 & 7 celebrat$ dur+ n9e days1 p>tly at ,a!ns & p>tly at ,eleusis4 ,9 ^! secret rites only ^? c\ld take "p :o _h be5 initiat$4 ,! *ief feature ( ! fe/ival 0 a great & solemn procession on ! six? day f ,a!ns to ,eleusis1 a di/ance ( ab\t twelve miles4 ,all ^? :o took "p 9 x--(t5 z _m z #cj1jjj--7 cr[n$ ) myrtle1 & bore tor*es 9 _! h&s1 z ! procession />t$ f ,a!ns at ! e>lie/ dawn4 ,! fe/ival ( ! ,!smophoria1 :i* 0 celebrat$ at ! beg9n+ ( ,novemb]1 9 hon\r ( ,demet] 9 h] "* ( lawgiv] & goddess ( m>riage1 0 less important ?an ! ,eleus9ia4 ,x la/$ = five days1 & only m>ri$ wom5 7 all[$ to take "p 9 x4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dd4--;,demet] ,en?ron$4 ,pa9t+ f ,pompeii4 ,naples4 ,! ,c]es ( ! ,romans1 ?\gh und\bt$ly an anci5t ,italian goddess1 0 ! v c\nt]p>t ( ! ,greek ,demet]1 ) :om1 aft] ! successful introduction ( h] wor%ip dur+ ! fir/ ye>s ( ! ,republic1 %e 0 entirely id5tifi$4 ,! *ief fe/ival ( ,c]es & h] associate deities1 ,lib] & ,lib]a1 fell on ! #ai? ( ,april1 :i*1 z ! prop] spr+ mon?1 0 especially d$icat$ by ! inhabitants ( ,italy to deities presid+ ov] agriculture4 ,! ,c]ealia 7 op5$ by a gr& procession1 9 :i* e "o 0 clo!d 9 :ite4 ,x 0 fur!r celebrat$ ) solemn sacrifices & games 9 ! circus1 ! managem5t ( :i* lay ) ! plebeian diles4 ,! usual sacrifice1 bo? among ,greeks & ,romans1 0 ! s[ 7! symbol ( fruitfulness71 b1 besides ?is1 c[s & ! fir/ fruits ( ! trees & hives 7 (f]$ to h]4 ,9 ! repres5tations ( ! goddess an expression ( l(ty dignity is bl5d$ ) condesc5d+ b5evol5ce & g5tl5ess4 ,h] pr9cipal attributes are a tor*1 a %eaf ( corn1 a g>l& ( e>s ( corn int]wov5 9 h] hair1 & a basket fill$ ) fl[]s at h] side4 ,among ! few antique /atues1 a l>ge m>ble figure 9 ! ,capitol9e ,museum at ,rome des]ves especial m5tion4 ,! engrav+ 7,fig4 #dd71 :i* is aft] a ,pompeian pa9t+1 depicts ,demet] z ! b\ntiful goddess ( agriculture4 ,%e is seat$ on a ?rone1 & holds a tor* consi/+ ( two calices 9 h] "r h&1 & a bun* ( corn 9 h] left4 #ae4 ,p]sephone 7,pros]p9a74--,9 ,p]sephone1 ! goddess ( ! l[] _w1 :om ! ,a!nians pref]r$ to call by h] my/ic "n ( ,cora1 two di/9ct conceptions are embodi$4 ,on ! "o h& %e appe>s z ! wife ( ! d>k god ( ! l[] _w--l him1 a gloomy1 awe-inspir+ deity1 :o pitilessly drags d[n all t lives into ! hidd5 dep?s ( ! e>?2 :5ce ! grave is call$ ! *amb] ( ,p]sephone4 ,su* is ! view ( h] tak5 by ,hom] & lat] epic poets4 ,^! repres5t h] z sitt+ en?ron$ at ! side ( h] grim "l1 ! joyless que5 ( ! inf]nal regions1 to dwell 9 :i* 7 worse ?an to be a slave on e>?4 ,on ! o!r h& %e appe>s z ,cora1 ! lovely daught] ( ! all-b\ntiful ,"m ,e>?2 a p]sonification1 9 fact1 ( t nev]-dy+ =ce ( nature :i*1 ye> by ye>1 causes ! mo/ luxuriant vegetation to spr+ up be=e our eyes1 only1 h[ev]1 to die away aga9 9 ! autumn4 ,9 a some:at n>r[] s5se ,p]sephone may be reg>d$ z a type ( ! gra91 :i* long rema9s 9 ! gr\nd :]e x has be5 s[n z ?\gh dead1 b aft]w>ds breaks =? into new life4 ,x 0 only natural to associate ) ?is la/ conception ideas ( ! immortality ( ! s\l1 ( :i*1 9 ! secret doctr9es ( ! my/]ies1 ,p]sephone 0 a symbol4 ,?\gh we "k b little conc]n+ ! details ( ! my/]ies1 we are yet aw>e t _! *ief object 0 to dissem9ate bett] & pur] ideas ( a future life ?an ! popul> fai? ( ! ,greeks af=d$4 ,x 0 commonly believ$ t ! s\ls ( m5 aft] dea? l$ a dull1 mis]able exi/5ce 9 ! _w ( %ad[s4 ,^? initiat$ 9 ! my/]ies1 h[ev]1 7 taught t dea? 0 only a resurrection ( ! s\l to a bright] & bett] life1 on ! condition1 ( c\rse1 t a man _h fully pleas$ ! gods & r5d]$ himself wor?y ( su* a happy lot4 ,p]sephone1 or ,pros]p9a1 z %e is call$ 9 ,lat91 0 a deity orig9ally entirely /range to ! ,romans1 :o borr[$ all _! ideas ( ! l[] _w f ! ,greeks4 ,nev]!less1 !y id5tifi$ h] ) ,lib]a1 an anci5t ru/ic goddess ( f]tility1 ! fem99e c\nt]p>t ( ,lib]1 "u :i* "n %e signifies ! same z ! ,greek ,cora4 ,black1 b>r5 c[s 7 sacrific$ to ,p]sephone z an inf]nal goddess1 b %e does n appe> to h _h any temples ( h] own4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #de4--,p]sephone ,en?ron$4 ,pa9t+ f ,pompeii4 ,naples4 ,p]sephone is ( no great importance 9 art1 & /atues ( h] are r>e4 ,%e is repres5t$ ei!r z ! fair daught] ( ,demet]1 or z ! grave1 sev]e que5 ( ! _w ( %ad[s4 ,9 ! latt] "* %e may g5]ally be recognis$ by h] sceptre & diadem4 ,h] o!r attributes are e>s ( corn1 a poppy1 & a tor*1 z a symbol ( h] connection ) ! ,eleus9ian my/]ies1 besides ! pomegranate & n>cissus4 ,! engrav+ 7,fig4 #de71 aft] a pa9t+ 9 ! ,naples ,museum1 repres5ts h] z ! ,/ygian que54 #af4 ,hades 7,pluto74--,! same tw(old nature :i* we meet ) 9 ,p]sephone may be obs]v$ also 9 h] husb&1 ,hades1 or ,adoneus 7! invisible71 z he is call$ by ! epic poets1 on acc\nt ( ! my/]i\s gloom 9 :i* 8 k+dom z well z 8 p]son 0 envelop$4 ,he fir/ appe>s z ! unrel5t+1 inexorable foe ( human life1 on :om "o _c ev5 ?9k )\t fe> & trembl+4 ,= ?is reason1 says ,hom]1 8he is ( all ! gods ! mo/ dete/$ among mortals40 ,?is conception1 h[ev]1 0 subsequ5tly supplant$ by "o ( a less dismal nature1 9 :i* ! o!r side ( 8 "* is br\ght into prom95ce4 ,f ?is po9t ( view he is repres5t$ n only z s5d+ n\ri%m5t to plants f ! deep bosom ( ! e>?1 b also z (f]+ unb\nd$ ri*es to mank9d 9 ! %ape ( ! preci\s metals :i* lie 9 8 subt]rane\s passages & *amb]s4 ,9 ?is s5se he 0 also call$ ,pluto1 or ,pluteus--t is1 ! god ( ri*es4 ,hades belong$ to ! e>lie/ deities ( ,greece1 be+1 l ,poseidon1 a bro!r ( ,zeus4 ,:5 ! ?ree bro!rs p>tition$ ! univ]se among !mselves1 ,hades receiv$ ! d>k regions ( ! e>? z 8 exclusive k+dom1 ! portals ( :i* he 0 said to keep clos$1 9 ord] t no s\l might return to ! upp] _w )\t 8 cons5t4 ,he 0 also t]m$ ,polydectes 7! receiv] ( _m71 f ! fact ( 8 seiz+ on all m51 )\t di/9ction1 at _! appo9t$ "t1 & convey+ !m to 8 dismal realms4 ,! ideas :i* m5 fir/ ent]ta9$1 z to ! mode 9 :i* ,hades ex]cis$ 8 p[] ov] mortals1 exactly correspond$ ) _! grim conception ( ! god4 ,he 0 look$ on z a p[]ful & dread$ robb]1 :o1 z 9 ! case ( ,p]sephone1 seizes on 8 prey & c>ries x (f ) 8 swift horses4 ,lat]1 a mild] conception ( ! god 0 introduc$4 ,! task ( c>ry+ ! s\ls ( ! dead to ! l[] _w 0 delegat$ to ,h]mes1 :o ?us became a s]vant ( ,pluto1 ! ,zeus ( ! inf]nal regions1 j z he 0 o!rwise a s]vant ( ! ,zeus ( heav54 ,b ?\gh ! orig9al dismal conception ( ?is deity z ! inexorable god ( dea? 0 mu* dim9i%$ 9 c\rse ( "t1 yet ,hades1 nev]!less1 always convey$ an idea ( some?+ grim & my/]i\s to ! ,greek m9d2 :i* is p]haps ! reason :y s few my?s1 beyond t ( ! rape ( ,pros]p9a1 7 circulat$ conc]n+ him4 ,he c1 9 fact1 sc>cely be said to h _h a place 9 ! public wor%ip ( ! ,greeks4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #df4--;,head ( ,hades4 ,palazzo ,*igi4 ,rome4 ,! ,roman conception ( ?is deity diff]$ little f t ( ! ,greeks1 hav+ be51 9 fact1 borr[$ entirely f a ,greek s\rce4 ,by !m he 0 call$ ,pluto1 or ,pat] ,dis4 ,he _h no temple 9 ,rome1 b _h1 9 common ) ,pros]p9a1 a subt]ranean alt> 9 ! ,campus ,m>tius1 :i* 0 uncov]$ & us$ once a-ye>4 ,only black animals 7 sacrific$ to him4 ,arti/s naturally hesitat$ to portray a be+ ^: v "n !y fe>$ to pron\nce1 & consequ5tly antique /atues ( ,hades are v r>e4 ,8 *>act]i/ic features--a grim expression ( c\nt5ance1 tightly-clos$ lips1 & long tangl$ hair--are embodi$ 9 a m>ble head1 9 ! possession ( ,pr9ce ,*igi at ,rome1 ( :i* we give an engrav+ 7,fig4 #df74 ,8 pr9cipal attributes are a sceptre1 a votive b[l1 & sometimes a two-prong$ =k1 or a key4 #ag4 ,! ,l[] ,_w4--,to our consid]ation ( ,hades we mu/ add "s rem>ks on ! ideas :i* ! anci5t ,greeks & ,romans _h ( ! o!r life & ( ! abodes ( ! dead4 ,x may be well to rem>k1 at ! outset1 t ! ,romans d n orig9ally appe> to h believ$ 9 a k+dom ( ! dead 9 ! int]ior ( ! e>?1 & t all _! ideas on ?is subject 7 borr[$ f ! writ+s ( ! ,greeks4 ,nei!r d _! ideas on ?is subject1 nor ev5 ^? ( ! ,greeks1 appe> to h be5 inv>iably ! same at all times4 ,ev5 9 ! poetry ( ,hom] we come across two v diff]5t views z to ! situation ( ! realms ( ! dead4 ,accord+ to t :i* we f9d 9 ! ,iliad1 x 0 situat$ b5ea? ! disc-%ap$ e>?1 only a ?9 lay] sep>at+ x f ! upp] _w4 ,?is is made evid5t on ! occasion ( ! great battle ( ! gods 9 ! #bj? book1 :]e we read-- 8,pluto1 ! inf]nal mon>*1 he>d al>m$1 ,&1 spr++ f 8 ?rone1 cri$ out 9 fe>1 ,le/ ,neptune1 break+ ?r\gh ! solid e>?1 ,to mortals & immortals %\ld lay b>e ,8 d>k & dre> abode ( gods abhorr$40 ,accord+ to ano!r view :i* prevails 9 ! ,odyssey1 ! _w ( %ad[s 0 n situat$ b5ea? ! e>?1 b lay f> to ! we/w>d1 on ! o!r side ( ,oceanus1 or on an isl& 9 ! same2 s indef9ite & vague 7 m5's ideas z to ! locality ( ! k+dom ( dea? 9 ! "t ( ,hom]1 & s undevelop$ 7 _! conceptions z to ! lives ( dep>t$ s\ls4 ,! l[] _w appe>s z a desolate1 dismal region1 :]e dep>t$ spirits lead a %ad[y1 dreamy exi/5ce1 to rea* :i* is no happ9ess4 ,!re is no diff]5ce 9 _! lots2 = we z yet he> no?+ ( ! judgm5t ( ! dead4 ,! ,elysian fields1 to :i* ! special fav\rites ( ! gods 7 transf]r$1 =m no "p ( ! l[] _w 9 ,hom]1 b 7 suppos$ to lie 9 an entirely di/9ct region 9 ! f> ,we/ 7! isles ( ! ble/74 ,lat] on1 ! outl9es ( ! l[] _w become m cle>ly def9$4 ,x 0 n[ suppos$ to be a region 9 ! c5tre ( ! e>?1 ) sev]al passages to & f ! upp] _w4 ,?r\gh x fl[$ sev]al riv]s--,cocytus1 ,pyriphlege?on1 ,a*]on1 & ,/yx4 ,! la/ ( ^! encompass$ ! l[] _w sev]al times1 & c\ld only be cross$ by ! aid ( ,*>on1 ! f]ryman1 :o 0 depict$ z a sull5 old man ) a bri/l+ be>d4 ,! ,greeks !re=e us$ to place an obolus 7small copp] co97 9 ! m\?s ( _! dead1 9 ord] t ! s\l might n be turn$ back by ,*>on = lack ( money4 ,on ! f>!r side ( ! riv] ! portals 7 wat*$ by ! dreadful hell-h\nd ,c]b]us1 a ?ree-head$ mon/]1 :o refus$ no "o entrance1 b all[$ none to leave ! h\se ( ,pluto4 ,all s\ls1 on rea*+ ! l[] _w1 _h to appe> be=e ! tribunal ( ,m9os1 ,rhadaman?us1 & acus4 ,^? ^: lives _h be5 upright 7 !n p]mitt$ to ent] ,elysium1 :]e !y l$ a life ( un9t]rupt$ bliss2 :il/ ^? :o on e>? _h be5 crim9al & wick$ 7 consign$ to ,t>t>us1 :]e !y 7 torm5t$ by ! ,furies & o!r evil spirits4 ,^? ^: lives _h n be5 di/9ctly good or bad rema9$ 9 ! asphodel mead[1 :]e z dim %ad[s !y pass$ a dull1 joyless exi/5ce4 ,! puni%m5ts ( great crim9als 9 ! inf]nal regions 7 a fruitful !me = ! imag9ation ( ! poets4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ crim9als 7 ,tityus1 ,tantalus1 ,sisyphus1 ,ixion1 & ! ,danaids4 ,we h said t ! idea ( ! judgm5t ( ! dead is n f\nd 9 ! e>lie/ leg5ds4 ,h5ce we mu/ expect to f9d1 9 "s cases1 t ! crimes suppos$ to h drawn d[n ! wra? ( ! gods 7 ei!r lat] inv5tions1 or _h v little connection ) ! puni%m5t inflict$4 ,?us to take ! case ( ,tantalus1 ! orig9al idea appe>s to h be5 ! burn+ sun look+ ^u sweet fruits & /reams ( wat]1 & dry+ !m up in/ead ( be+ able to enjoy !m4 ,x is possible t ano!r "p ( ! leg5d1 ! (f]+ ( 8 *ildr5 = ! gods ( heav5 to eat1 may h a simil> orig94 ,s ! /ory ( ,sisyphus seems to po9t to ! sun daily toil+ up ! /eep hill ( heav51 yet ev] oblig$ to recomm5ce 8 we>y task4 ,s ! "n ,ixion seems to be d]iv$ f a ^w mean+ :eel1 & to be yet ano!r allusion to ! orb ( day4 ,z m5 began to =get ! reality und]ly+ ^! words1 & to ?9k t "s real p]son suff]$ ^! woes1 x 0 only natural t !y %\ld try to f9d a reason4 ,g5]ally1 p]haps always1 "s po9t 9 ! /ory c\ld be twi/$ into a crime des]v+ ( puni%m5t 7comp>e ! leg5d ( dipus74 ,! puni%m5t ( ,tityus1 :o _h (f]$ viol5ce to ,leto1 consi/$ 9 be+ *a9$ to ! e>?1 :il/ two vultures cont9ually gnaw$ at 8 ev]-gr[+ liv]4 ,tantalus1 ! ance/or ( ! ,atrid1 ,agamemnon & ,m5elaus1 _h be5 deem$ wor?y to hold int]c\rse ) ! gods1 until he ?\ght fit to put _! omnisci5ce to ! te/ by sett+ be=e !m ! fle% ( 8 son ,pelops4 ,?is crime he 0 condemn$ to expiate by ! torm5ts ( cont9ual hung] & ?ir/4 ,above 8 head 7 susp5d$ ! mo/ beautiful fruits2 b :5 he attempt$ to snat* !m1 a gu/ ( w9d blew !m beyond 8 rea*4 ,at 8 feet fl[$ a /ream ( ! pure/ wat]2 b :5 he tri$ to qu5* 8 ?ir/1 x sudd5ly vani%$ into ! gr\nd4 ,sisyphus1 =m]ly k+ ( ,cor9?1 _h provok$ ! wra? ( ! gods by 8 num]\s crimes1 & 0 condemn$1 9 consequ5ce1 to roll a block ( /one up a high m\nta91 :i*1 on rea*+ ! top1 always roll$ d[n aga9 to ! pla94 ,ixion1 a n less insol5t (f5d]1 0 b\nd h& & foot to an ev]-revolv+ :eel4 ,la/ly1 ! ,danaids1 or daught]s ( ,danaus1 :o1 at _! fa!r's comm&1 _h sla9 _! husb&s on ! w$d+ night1 7 condemn$ to p\r wat] cont9ually into a cask full ( holes1 :i* c\ld nev] be fill$4 #ah4 ,! ,er9yes 7,furi74--,! ,er9yes1 or ,furies1 7 d5iz5s ( ! l[] _w1 :o execut$ ! comm&s ( ,hades & ,p]sephone4 ,!y 7 ultimately ?ree 9 numb]1 & _! names 7 ,tisiphone1 ,alecto1 & ,megra2 & ?is numb]1 l t ( ! ,graces1 ! ,fates1 & o!rs1 is due to ! fact t ! ,greeks express$ any undef9$ numb] by ! sacr$ num]al ?ree4 ,9 _! orig9al signification !y appe> z ! av5g]s ( e violation1 ei!r on ! "p ( gods or m51 ( ! moral laws ( ! univ]se4 ,:51 at a lat] p]iod1 ! idea ( an av5g+ ,nemesis _h become m & m develop$1 ! significance ( ! ,er9yes dim9i%$1 & _! av5g+ duties 7 conf9$ to ! family4 ,z ! inexorable pursu]s ( e injury done to ! sacr$ ties ( blood--especially ! murd] ( k9dr$--!y receiv$ a mu* great] degree ( att5tion at ! h&s ( ! ,greek tragic poets1 by :om !y 7 frequ5tly br\ght on ! /age4 ,! pictures ?us drawn ( ! rel5tless activity ( ! ,er9yes are bo? p[]ful & /rik+4 ,no?+ c equal ! ke5 sc5t ) :i* !y trace ! crime1 or ! untir+ spe$ ) :i* !y pursue ! crim9al4 ,z a symbol ( ?is latt] quality1 ! poets h end[$ !m ) braz5 feet4 ,_! appe>ance is wan & ,gorgon-l2 wild lu/ = blood is writt5 9 _! features1 & ! s]p5ts :i* tw9e r\nd _! heads 9 ! place ( hair deal out de/ruction & dea? on _! unhappy victims4 ,flight avails !m n\ght1 = !re is no region :i!r ! av5g+ ,furies _c foll[1 no di/ance t !y _c compass4 ,) tor* swung on high !y dog ! /eps ( ! unhappy wret*1 l swift huntresses foll[+ 9 ! track ( _! h>d-press$ game1 & nev] re/ until !y h driv5 him to madness & dea?4 ,:at1 !n1 0 ! orig9 ( ! belief 9 ^! dreadful be+s8 ,two explanations h be5 giv51 & 9 ea* case we %all see 9 !m ! p[]s ( nature4 ,:e!r we are to look ^u !m z ! /orm-cl\ds d>t+ lightn+s ^u ! crim9al1 or z ! bright dawn ris+ ov] ! e>? & po9t+ out 8 hid+-place1 we mu/ recognise ! idea ( ! puni%m5t ( s91 inflict$ by ! p[]s ( heav54 ,if1 z seems mo/ probable 7cf4 ! g5ealogy giv5 !m by s*ylus & ,sophocles71 we are to take ! latt] explanation1 we %all h "s reason = ! names ( 8k9dly0 & 8v5]able10 appli$ to !m by ! ,greeks1 p>tly1 no d\bt1 ow+ to ! anci5t cu/om ( avoid+ words ( ill-om54 ,yet poetical my?ology treat$ ?is z a trans=mation ( _! nature1 & associat$ x ) a special ev5t1 namely1 ! in/itution ( ! ,areopagus at ,a!ns1 & ! purification ( ! matricide ,ore/es effect$ by ?is v5]able c\rt4 ,! /ory relates t ,ore/es1 aft] hav+ sla9 8 "m ,clytmne/ra & h] infam\s p>am\r gi/hus1 9 rev5ge = ! murd] ( 8 fa!r ,agamemnon1 w&]$ = a long "t ab\t ! e>? 9 a /ate bord]+ on madness1 ow+ to ! p]secution ( ! ,er9yes4 ,at l5g?1 h[ev]1 he 0 befri5d$ by ,apollo & ,a!ne1 ! k9dly deities ( ! lum9\s !r4 ,apollo fir/ purifi$ him be=e 8 own alt> at ,delphi1 & !n def5d$ him be=e ! c\rt ( ! ,areopagus1 :i* _h be5 f\nd$ by ,a!ne4 ,ore/es 0 "h acquitt$1 = ,a!ne1 :5 ! votes = & aga9/ him 7 equal1 decl>$ t !n & 9 all future "t ! crim9al %\ld h ! b5efit ( ! d\bt4 ,! ,furies1 inde$1 7 at fir/ v wro?1 & ?reat5$ ! l& ) b>r5ness bo? ( wom5 & soil2 b ,a!ne succe$$ 9 pacify+ !m1 by promis+ t a %r9e %\ld be erect$ to !m on ! hill ( ! ,areopagus4 ,aft] !y _h tak5 possession ( ?is sanctu>y1 !y 7 !nce=? v5]at$ by ! ,a!nians1 "u ! names ( ,semn 7v5]able71 or ,eum5ides 7b5evol5t71 z propiti\s deities :o1 ?\gh !y /ill cont9u$ to puni% crimes1 7 ev] ready to grant m]cy to ! rep5tant s9n]1 & to give succ\r to all good m54 ,!re 7 diff]5t traditions conc]n+ ! orig9 ( ! ,er9yes4 ,accord+ to ,hesiod1 !y ow$ _! exi/5ce to ! fir/ execrable crime committ$ s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! _w1 = !y 7 ! daught]s ( ,e>?1 & sprang f ! drops ( blood t fell f ! mangl$ body ( ,uranus4 ,!y "h appe>1 !re=e1 z an embodim5t ( ! curses :i* ! angry fa!r invok$ on ! head ( 8 unnatural son4 ,sophocles1 on ! o!r h&1 calls !m ! daught]s ( ,ga & ,scotos 7d>kness ( night74 s*ylus simply t]ms !m ! daught]s ( ! ,night4 ,besides ! %r9e 9 ,a!ns already m5tion$1 !y _h ano!r ne> ! city1 a sacr$ grove 9 ,colonus1 :i* 0 celebrat$ z ! la/ refuge ( ! un=tunate dipus4 ,9 ,a!ns !y _h an annual fe/ival1 at :i* libations ( milk & honey 7 made to !m4 ,9 art ! ,er9yes are repres5t$ z swift huntresses1 arm$ ) spe>1 b[1 & quiv]4 ,tor*es1 sc\rges1 or snakes 7 also put 9 _! h&s4 ,!y 71 moreov]1 provid$ ) w+s on _! %\ld]s or head z a tok5 ( _! swiftness4 #ai4 ,hecate4--,among ! my/ic deities ( ! l[] _w we mu/ n omit to m5tion ,hecate4 ,by ! ,romans1 inde$1 %e 0 nev] publicly v5]at$1 ?\gh %e 0 n exactly unkn[n to !m4 ,common tradition made h] a daught] ( ! ,titan ,p]seus & ,a/]ia4 ,%e rul$ pr9cipally ov] ! secret =ces ( ,nature1 :i* p]haps expla9s ! spectral & awe-inspir+ =m :i* ?is goddess assum$4 ,%e 0 suppos$ to preside ov] all nocturnal horrors1 & n only to haunt ! tombs & cross-roads h]self 9 company ) ! spirits ( ! dead1 b also to s5d nightly phantoms f ! l[] _w1 su* z ! man-eat+ spectre ,empusa1 & o!r fabul\s gobl9s4 ,z h] "n seems to signify1 ,hecate 7f>-/rik+7 0 orig9ally a moon-goddess1 n l ei!r ,artemis or ,sel5e1 b repres5t+ ! new moon 9 its invisible phase4 ,! anci5ts n be+ able to acc\nt = ! diff]5t phases ( ! moon1 naturally came to ! conclusion t1 :5 invisible1 x 0 t>ry+ 9 ! l[] _w4 ,! public wor%ip ( ! goddess 0 n v ext5sive1 b h] importance 9 connection ) ! my/]ies 0 all ! great]4 ,m5 7 wont to affix small pictures ( h] to h\ses & city gates1 :i* 7 suppos$ to prev5t any bad spells f affect+ ! t[n or h\se4 ,on ! la/ day ( e mon? h] image on ! h\se doors 0 cr[n$ ) g>l&s1 & vi&s 7 set be=e x 9 h] hon\r1 :i* 7 aft]w>ds eat5 by ! poor1 & t]m$ ! meals ( ,hecate4 ,wood5 images ( ! goddess ) ?ree faces 7 g5]ally set up :]e ?ree roads met1 & "h dogs 7 sacrific$ to h] z s9-(f]+s = ! dead4 ,?is usually took place on ! ?irtie? day aft] dea?4 ,z 9 ! case ( o!r inf]nal deities1 black lambs 7 sacrific$ to h]1 besides libations ( milk & honey4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dg4--,?ree-=m$ ,hecate4 ,capitol9e ,museum4 ,hecate 0 g5]ally repres5t$ z ?ree-=m$ 7tri=mis71 :i* probably has "s connection ) ! appe>ance ( ! full1 half1 & new moon4 ,9 ord] to expla9 m cle>ly ! nature ( su* a repres5tation1 we give an engrav+ 7,fig4 #dg7 aft] a bronze /atuette 9 ! ,capitol9e ,museum at ,rome4 ,! figure fac+ u holds 9 h] h&s a key & a rope1 :i* po9t h] out z ! portress ( ! l[] _w2 ov] h] br[ is a disc1 repres5t+1 probably1 ! d>k surface ( ! new moon4 ,! figure on ! "r holds 9 ei!r h& a tor*1 9 virtue ( h] "* z a my/ic goddess1 :il/ on h] br[ is a half-moon & a lotus-fl[]4 ,la/ly1 ! ?ird figure be>s1 z a symbol ( ! full moon1 a ,phrygian cap ) a radiant diadem fa/5$ on x1 :i* gives =? sev5 rays2 9 h] "r h& is a knife1 9 h] left ! tail ( a s]p5t1 ( :i* no satisfactory int]pretation has hi!rto be5 discov]$4 #bj4 ,sleep & ,dea?4--,sleep & ,dea? 7 conceiv$ by ! anci5ts z tw9 bro!rs4 ,accord+ to ,hesiod1 !y 7 *ildr5 ( ,night alone4 ,!y dwelt 9 ! l[] _w1 :5ce !y visit$ ! e>? to /eal ov] mortals2 ! =m] a k9dly b5evol5t _s1 ! latt] grim & cruel4 ,ap>t f ?is conception1 :i* 0 especially develop$ by lat] poets & arti/s1 ,dea? 0 sometimes depict$ z q di/9ct f ,sleep1 & 9 a /ill less amiable guise4 ,! diff]5t =ms ( viol5t dea? 7 p]sonifi$ z female deities ( =midable aspect1 call$ ! ,c]es2 or ,apollo & ,artemis among ! inhabitants ( heav51 & ,pluto & ,p]sephone among ^? ( ! l[] _w1 7 repres5t$1 z ! deities ( dea?4 ,! ,romans _h a p]sonal god ( dea?1 :om !y call$ ,orcus2 he 0 repres5t$ z an arm$ w>rior deal+ out mortal w\nds among mank9d4 ,b none ( ^! special gods ( dea? _h any great importance1 ei!r 9 religion or art4 ,arti/s1 inde$1 lab\r$ s$ul\sly to dim9i% ! dreadful appe>ance ( ,?anatus 7dea?71 & to r5d] him m & m l 8 bro!r ,hypnus 7sleep74 ,?anatus & ,hypnus (t5 appe> 9 company1 ei!r sleep+ or /&+2 ! =m] usually be>s a rev]s$ tor*1 ! latt] a poppy-/alk or a horn1 out ( :i* he is p\r+ "s liquid4 ,!y are bo? g5]ally repres5t$ 9 ! bloom ( y\?4 ,9 ,fig4 #cd1 :i* is aft] a draw+ ( ,asmus ,c>/5s1 !y appe> z ! *ildr5 ( ,night1 & are "h br\ght into imm$iate connection ) ! o!r p[]s1 ,nemesis & ! ,p>c1 :o control ! de/9ies ( man4 ,besides ,sleep & ,dea?1 ,hesiod also m5tions ,dreams z ! *ildr5 ( ,night4 ,o!r writ]s1 h[ev]1 call !m ! sons ( ,sleep1 :o dwell 9 ! f> ,we/1 close to ! realms ( ,hades4 ,?is h\se ( dreams has1 9 ,hom]'s well-kn[n description1 two gates--"o ( ivory1 ?r\gh :i* pass flatt]+1 deceptive dreams1 & "o ( horn1 :5ce ! true dreams proce$4 ,morpheus 0 made ! special god ( dreams by ! poets1 & t]m$ ! son ( ,hypnus4 ,,iv4--,,roman ,,deities ,,( ,,! ,,h\se ,,& ,,family4 ,be=e pass+ to ! h]oic leg5ds1 "s rem>ks are necess>y conc]n+ ! inf]ior deities1 :o play$ su* an important "p 9 ! dome/ic wor%ip ( ! ,romans4 ,we h already incid5tally rem>k$ t ! p ( ,italy g5]ally pass$ by ! great] gods ( ! heav5 & e>? 9 anxi\s awe4 ,_! invocation & adoration 0 left to public wor%ip1 :il/1 9 _! less important dome/ic conc]ns1 m5 _h rec\rse to c]ta9 inf]ior deities1 :om !y ?\ght ne>] to !m2 j z 9 ! pres5t day1 9 ,italy1 ! common p pref] to communicate _! pray]s & wi%es to _! patron sa9ts r ?an to ! ,almighty himself4 #a4 ,! ,p5ates4--,! ,p5ates 7 ! k9dly dome/ic deities ( ! ,romans--! gu>dians ( ! h\sehold1 :o especially provid$ = its daily wants4 ,( _! "n1 numb]1 & sex no?+ is kn[n--n because ! facts h be5 lo/ to u1 b because ! ,romans !mselves 7 cont5t ) ?is indef9ite conception4 ,simil> good spirits1 ex]t+ an active influ5ce 9 ! h\sehold1 7 recognis$ by popul> ,g]man sup]/ition1 )\t exp]i5c+ any necessity ( hav+ di/9ct names = !m4 ,! %r9e ( ! ,p5ates consi/$ ( ! he>?1 ! c5tral po9t ( ! h\se1 :i* n only s]v$ = ! prep>ation ( meals1 b 0 also especially d$icat$ to religi\s purposes4 ,x /ood 9 ! 8atrium10 ! only l>ge room 9 ! ,roman h\se1 :]e ! family met = meals & receiv$ visitors4 ,on ! he>?1 a fire 0 cont9ually kept burn+ 9 hon\r ( ,ve/a & ! ,p5ates4 ,ar\nd x1 aft] ! introduction ( images ( ! gods1 7 plac$ ! /atues ( ! ,p5ates4 ,^! 7 g5]ally small & puppet-l1 &1 among ! poor] classes1 7 only r\ghly cut out ( wood4 ,!re 0 no dome/ic occurr5ce1 ei!r ( joy or m\rn+1 9 :i* ! ,p5ates did n take "p4 ,l ! ,l>es1 ( :om we %all speak pres5tly1 !y p>ticipat$ 9 ! daily meal1 portions be+ set on c]ta9 plates = t purpose be=e ! images4 ,!re 7 also ,/ate ,p5ates1 ! anci5ts reg>d+ ! /ate z no?+ b an ext5d$ family4 ,! temple ( ,ve/a 0 to ! /ate :at ! he>? 0 to ! h\sehold4 ,"h 0 ! seat ( _! wor%ip1 & "h x 0 t ! ,roman ,pontifex ,maximus br\ght ^? (f]+s :i*1 9 private h\seholds1 7 ! "p ( ! head ( ! family4 ,9 ! inn]mo/ sanctu>y ( ! temple ( ,ve/a !re 7 /atues ( ^! ,p5ates1 ( great sanctity1 s9ce neas 0 report$ to h br\ght !m ) him f ,troy4 ,we h no tru/wor?y in=mation z to _! numb] or appe>ance1 =1 ) ! exception ( ! ,pontifex & ! ,ve/al ,virg9s1 none ev] ent]$ ! holy place4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to add t !y 7 believ$ to ex]cise an especial influ5ce on ! welf>e & prosp]ity ( ! /ate & p ( ,rome4 #b4 ,! ,l>es4--,! ,l>es1 l ! ,p5ates1 7 ! tutel>y deities ( ! h\se & family1 & on t acc\nt (t5 conf\nd$ ) !m4 ,!y 7 commonly suppos$ to be ! glorifi$ spirits ( ance/ors1 :o1 z gu>dian deities1 /rove to promote ! welf>e ( ! family4 ,! seat ( _! wor%ip 0 also ! family he>? 9 ! atrium1 :]e _! images ( wood or wax 7 g5]ally pres]v$ 9 a sep>ate %r9e ( _! own 7,l>>ium74 ,! ,l>es receiv$ an especial degree ( v5]ation on ! fir/ day ( e mon?2 b1 l ! ,p5ates1 !y took "p 9 all ! dome/ic occurr5ces1 :e!r ( joy or sorr[4 ,l ! ,p5ates1 !y also receiv$ _! %>e at e meal on p>ticul> di%es1 & 7 cr[n$ ) g>l&s on ! occasion ( e family rejoic+4 ,:5 a son assum$ ! toga virilis 7came ( age71 he d$icat$ 8 bulla#e to ! ,l>es1 amid pray]s & libations & burn+ ( inc5se4 ,:5 ! fa!r ( ! h\se />t$ on a j\rney or return$ 9 safety1 ! ,l>es 7 aga9 address$1 & _! /atues cr[n$ ) wrea?s1 fl[]s & g>l&s be+ _! fav\rite (f]+s4 ,footnote #e3 ,a gold or silv] ornam5t1 l a m$al1 :i* 0 worn r\nd ! neck dur+ *ildhood4 ,! same conception :i* p]vades ! dome/ic ,l>es may be p]ceiv$ 9 a m ext5sive =m 9 ! ,l>es ( ! ,g5s1 ! city1 & ! /ate itself4 ,! ,l>es d n appe>1 9 fact1 to h diff]$ 9 _m respects f ! h]oes wor%ipp$ by ! ,greeks4 ,at all ev5ts1 ,romulus & ,remus1 ! my?ical f\nd]s ( ! city1 7 reg>d$ z its ,l>es1 &1 9 ! "t ( ,augu/us1 ! g5ius ( ! emp]or 0 associat$ ) !m4 #c4 ,l>v1 ,lemures1 & ,manes4--,j z ! ,l>es 7 reg>d$ z ! good & happy spirits ( ance/ors1 ! s\ls ( o!rs 7 suppos$ to w&] ab\t 9 ! guise ( evil demons & spectres1 giv+ rise to weird t]rors1 & ca/+ bad spells on ! s5ses ( ^? :om !y met4 ,su* 0 especially believ$ to be ! fate ( ^? :o _h n receiv$ burial1 or 9 ^: case ! prescrib$ c]emonies _h be5 neglect$1 & :o be+1 9 consequ5ce1 unable to f9d re/1 7 doom$ to flit ab\t ! e>?4 ,su* spirits 7 call$ ,l>v1 or ,lemures4 ,! propitiatory fe/ival ( ! ,lemuria1 or ,lemuralia1 :i* 0 said to h be5 in/itut$ 9 memory ( ! murd]$ ,remus1 0 celebrat$ annually 9 _! hon\r on ! #i?1 #aa?1 & #ac? ( ,may4 ,e pat]familias 0 suppos$ dur+ ^! days to p]=m c]ta9 midnight c]emonies1 & to repeat c]ta9 =ms1 :i* _h ! effect ( bani%+ any evil spirits4 ,9 contra/ to ! ,l>es & ,l>v1 ! s\ls ( ! dead 7 also commonly v5]at$ z ,manes1 or good spirits4 ,^! 7 believ$ aft] burial to h be5 conv]t$ into be+s ( a high] ord]1 :o dwelt1 inde$1 9 ! int]ior ( ! e>?1 b ex]cis$1 not)/&+1 a consid]able influ5ce on ! affairs ( ! upp] _w4 ,x 0 possible to summon !m f ! l[] _w by means ( sacrifices4 ,a g5]al fe/ival ( ! dead took place 9 ,febru>y1 :5 ! ,manes 7 propitiat$ ) (f]+s & libations4 ,^! (f]+s 7 plac$ on ! tombs ( ! deceas$1 &1 ( c\rse1 v>i$ extremely1 accord+ to ! means ( ! donors4 ,illu/ration ,,"p ,,iii4--,,! ,,h]oes4 ,i4--,,introductory4 ,on pass+ to h]oic my?ology1 a _w /ill m ri* 9 m>vels ?an t ) :i* we h already become acqua9t$ pres5ts itself to our view4 ,! great] ext5t ( ?is dep>tm5t ( my?ic lore is easily compreh5sible1 if we take into consid]ation ! multitude ( sep>ate exi/5ces into :i* ,greek life 0 split up1 ev5 f ! e>lie/ times4 ,ea* ( ! numb]less c\ntries1 isl&s1 cities1 & t[ns endeav\r$ to trace back its peculi> in/itutions to my?ical f\nd]s & ance/ors2 & z ^! 7 always describ$ ei!r z ! sons or z ! fav\rites ( ! gods1 !re accord+ly sprang up1 9 c\rse ( "t1 a va/ numb] ( local h]oic leg5ds4 ,^! fabul\s f\nd]s ( /ates1 h[ev]1 7 n ! only h]oes ( ,greek my?ology4 ,! attempt to pi]ce ! cl\ds ( obscurity :i* envelop$ ! e>ly hi/ory ( mank9d1 & ! desire ( a m enlight5$ age to bridge ov] ! int]v5+ gulf1 & fill x ) be+s :o %\ld =m a connect+ l9k betwe5 ! sublime =ms ( ! great inhabitants ( ,olympus & ! puny race ( mortals1 naturally gave rise to a :ole s]ies ( h]oic leg5ds4 ,^! 7 p>tly ! prop]ty ( entire nationalities1 or ev5 ( ! :ole ,hell5ic race1 & p>tly ( a local or prov9cial "*4 ,moreov]1 z ! gods collectively 7 divid$ into gods prop] & dmones--t is to say1 spirits resembl+ ! gods1 b inf]ior to !m 9 wisdom & p[]1 ^: work+s m5 saw 9 air & e>? & sea--ev5 s ! race ( mortals 0 divid$ into h]oes & m51 betwe5 :om a simil> diff]5ce subsi/$4 ,! latt] are1 9 _! nature1 n diff]5t f ! =m]--bo? are alike mortal1 & mu/ at l5g? fall a prey to inexorable dea?4 ,b ! h]oes are end[$ ) a degree ( physical /r5g? & dext]ity1 c\rage & endurance "u difficulties1 su* z nev] fall to ! lot ( ord9>y m54 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 by any means all :o liv$ 9 ?is e>ly my?ical p]iod :o 7 acc\nt$ h]oes2 b1 j z 9 ,g5esis vi4 #b a di/9ction is made betwe5 ! 8sons ( ,god0 & ! 8daught]s ( m510 s 9 ! pres5t in/ance ! h]oes 7 ! mighty ones--! rul+ spirits ( ! age--^? ^: m>vell\s exploits contribut$ to remove ! ob/acles to civilisation & culture1 :o deliv]$ c\ntries f cruel robb]s & savage bea/s1 :o dra9$ m>%es1 made roads ?r\gh untrodd5 =e/s1 & regulat$ ! c\rse ( riv]s4 ,by _! actions !y prov$ !mselves m5 ( no ord9>y p[]s1 end[$ ) div9e /r5g?1 &1 !re=e1 app>5tly ( div9e orig94 ,x appe>$1 at lea/1 t su* be+s mu/ h _h an orig9 diff]5t f t ( ord9>y m51 :o 7 made out ( clay1 or sprang f trees or /ones4 ,"s ( ^! h]oes may p]haps h _h a real exi/5ce1 hav+ probably be5 ! ance/ors ( ! lat] dom9ant races1 to :om a dim tradition rea*$4 ,o!rs 7 und\bt$ly a product ( ! imag9ation4 ,to ^! may be add$ a ?ird class1 & ?is is by f> ! mo/ num]\s1 includ+ ^? :o 7 orig9ally p]sonifications ( v>i\s natural ph5om5a1 &1 z su*1 deifi$ & v5]at$ 9 local =ms ( wor%ip1 b :o 7 lat]1 9 consequ5ce ( ! bir? ( new political communities1 expell$ f _! place 9 public wor%ip1 & only cont9u$ to exi/ 9 ! popul> fai? 9 ! inf]ior "* ( h]oes4 ,_m su* h]oes 7 aft]w>ds aga9 promot$ to ! rank ( gods1 ?\gh ) an alt]$ mean+ 7e4g41 ,h]acles74 ,any real v5]ation ( h]oes by pray]s & sacrifices c sc>cely be said to h exi/$ be=e ! migration ( ! ,h]aclid--at lea/ !re is no m5tion ( x 9 ,hom]4 ,ev5 lat]1 except 9 ! case ( ^? h]oes :o 7 rais$ to ! rank ( gods = _! great de$s1 & :o 71 !re=e1 wor%ipp$ 9 temples ( _! own1 ! wor%ip ( h]oes is sc>cely to be di/+ui%$ f t ( ! dead4 ,hom] makes no di/9ction betwe5 ! fate ( h]oes aft] dea? & t ( ord9>y mortals1 all be+ doom$ alike to ! gloomy realms ( ,hades4 ,z we h already obs]v$1 x 0 only c]ta9 special fav\rites1 or sons ( ,zeus1 :o 7 except$ f ?is gloomy lot1 & 7 transport$ 9 _! bodily %ape to ! ,isles ( ! ,ble/4 ,hesiod1 on ! o!r h&1 says t all h]oes--:om he1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 t]ms demigods--7 transport$ to ! ,isles ( ! ,ble/1 :]e ,cronus rul$ ov] !m4 ,"h1 = ! fir/ "t1 ! idea ( a j retribution 9 ! o!r _w takes a def9ite %ape2 = ,hesiod obvi\sly conceives a resid5ce 9 ,elysium to be ! rew>d ( m]itori\s actions p]=m$ 9 ! upp] _w4 ,?is idea 0 subsequ5tly m fully develop$1 especially 9 ! my/]ies1 & m5 7 gradually elevat$ to a belief 9 ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,! spirits ( ! dead 7 believ$1 ev5 aft] !y 7 9 _! graves1 to ex]t cont9ually a my/]i\s influ5ce2 on :i* acc\nt m5 /rove to ga9 _! fav\r by means ( (f]+s1 !reby remov+ e real di/9ction betwe5 ! wor%ip ( h]oes & t ( ! dead4 ,amid ! multitude ( leg5ds ( ?is k9d1 we %all only dwell ^u ^? :i* occupy a prom95t position ei!r 9 poetry or 9 art4 ,we %all beg9 ) ^? :i* relate to ! creation & e>ly civilisation ( mank9d1 aft] :i* we %all pass to ! mo/ celebrat$ prov9cial leg5ds1 & conclude ) ^? t ref] to ! m important ( ! common und]tak+s ( ! lat] h]oic age4 ,,ii4--,,! ,,creation ,,& ,,primitive ,,condition ,,( ,,mank9d4 ,! leg5ds conc]n+ ! orig9 ( ! human race diff] v widely4 ,! mo/ anci5t are und\bt$ly ^? :i* describe m5 z spr++ f ! trees or rocks4 ,ano!r tradition ass]ts t ! human race 0 ( lat] gr[?1 hav+ be5 fir/ call$ into exi/5ce by ,zeus & ! gods ( ,olympus4 ,a ?ird acc\nt makes ! ,titan ,prome!us1 ! son ( ,iapetus1 ! creator ( mank9d1 b leaves x unc]ta9 :e!r ?is took place be=e or aft] ! flood ( ,deucalion4 ,prome!us1 accord+ to ?is acc\nt1 made m5 ( clay & wat]1 aft] :i* ,a!ne brea!d a s\l into !m4 ,!re 7 likewise v>i\s acc\nts conc]n+ ! primeval condition ( mank9d4 ,accord+ to "o1 ! human race rais$ itself1 ) ! assi/ance ( ! gods1 f a /ate ( helpless b>b>ism3 ?is progress 0 ! subject ( num]\s leg5ds4 ,ano!r acc\nt repres5ts m5 z liv+ orig9ally 9 a holy & happy communion ) ! gods 7! gold5 age71 & ass]ts t !y fir/ became savage aft] hav+ lo/ ?is good =tune by _! presumption4 ,( ! my?s t relate to ! introduction ( ! fir/ elem5ts ( civilisation among mank9d by div9e aid1 !re is none1 except ^? already m5tion$ conc]n+ ,dionysus & ,demet]1 m celebrat$ ?an ! /ory ( ,prome!us4 ,! ,titan ,iapetus _h1 by ,clym5e1 ! daught] ( ,oceanus1 f\r sons--! /\t-he>t$ ,atlas1 ! presumptu\s ,m5tius1 ! crafty ,prome!us1 & ! fooli% ,epime!us4 ,) ! "n ( ,prome!us is l9k$ ! idea ( ! fir/ comm5cem5t ( civilisation among mank9d by ! introduction ( fire4 ,prome!us is said to h /ol5 fire f heav51 & to h taught its use to man4 ,by be+ employ$ = all ! common purposes ( daily life1 h[ev]1 ?is pure cele/ial elem5t became pollut$2 :]eupon ,zeus visit$ ! au?or ( ?is sacrilege ) a fe>ful puni%m5t4 ,he ord]$ ,prome!us to be *a9$ to a rock1 :]e1 dur+ ! day-"t1 an eagle dev\r$ 8 liv] 7! seat ( all evil desires71 :i* always grew aga9 dur+ ! night4 ,x is v difficult to see ! orig9 ( ?is s]ies ( leg5ds1 b ! f\ndation seems to be ! discov]y ( fire by man4 ,at any rate1 "o ^w1 closely resembl+ ! "n ,prome!us1 appe>s 9 ,india z ! "n ( ! /ick us$ to produce fire by friction4 ,if ?is be ! case1 we %all see 9 p>ts ( ! ,greek leg5d in/ances ( ! ev]-recurr+ pr9ciple1 t :5 ! real d]ivation ( a ^w is lo/1 m5 try to give x an explanation by atta*+ x to ! ne>e/ ^w 9 ! exi/+ language 7cf4 ! d]ivation ( ,pan m5tion$ p4 #acj74 ,:5 ! notion ( 8=e?\ght0 _h once be5 atta*$ to 8 "n1 x w\ld be natural to inv5t a complem5t>y leg5d ab\t 8 bro!r ,epime!us 7aft]?\ght74 ,! leg5d ( ,prome!us appe>s 9 its gr&e/ =m 9 s*ylus' play1 8,prome!us ,b\nd40 ,! idea t1 toge!r ) ! introduction ( civilisation1 _m evils :i* 7 be=e unkn[n to man came into exi/5ce1 is express$ 9 ! my? ( ,p&ora4 ,zeus det]m9$ to leave mank9d 9 possession ( ,prome!us' gift2 b he ord]$ ,heph/us to make an image ( a beautiful woman1 :i* ! gods !n end[$ ) life & adorn$ ) all k9ds ( gifts1 :5ce %e 0 call$ ,p&ora4 ,aphrodite be/[$ on h] ! s$uctive *>ms t k9dle love1 ,a!ne in/ruct$ h] 9 e art1 ,h]mes endu$ h] ) a smoo? tongue & a crafty disposition1 :il/ ! ,seasons & ,graces adorn$ h] ) fl[]s & f9e dresses4 ,zeus !n s5t h]1 "u ! guidance ( ,h]mes1 to ! fooli% ,epime!us1 :o1 9 spite ( ! w>n+ ( 8 bro!r n to accept any pres5t f ,zeus1 receiv$ ,p&ora & made h] 8 wife4 ,!re 0 9 ! h\se ( ,epime!us a clos$ j>1 :i* he _h be5 =bidd5 to op51 & :i* conta9$ all k9ds ( diseases & ills4 ,p&ora remov$ ! cov] & ^! escap$1 & m5 :o _h be=e be5 free f disease & c>e h ev] s9ce be5 torm5t$4 ,p&ora clos$ ! j> 9 "t to keep 9 ,hope4 ,?us bo? ,greek leg5d & ,biblical tradition alike repres5t woman z ! fir/ cause ( evil & dea?4 ,! leg5d ( ! five ages ( mank9d transports u to q ano!r region ( tradition4 ,accord+ to ?is1 ! gods fir/ creat$ a gold5 race ( m51 :o liv$ free f c>e & sorr[1 :ile ! e>?1 ( its own accord1 furni%$ !m ) all t 0 necess>y to support life4 ,subject nei!r to ! infirmities ( age nor to ! pangs ( sickness & disease1 m5 at la/ sank peacefully1 z into a sweet sleep1 to dea?4 ,9 :at mann] ! gold5 age disappe>$ is n relat$2 we are only told t ?is race1 not)/&+ its disappe>ance1 /ill cont9ues to exi/ 9 ! upp] _w1 9 ! %ape ( good spirits1 :o gu>d & protect mortals4 ,aft] ?is1 ! gods creat$ a second 7silv]7 race ( m51 :o 71 h[ev]1 f> inf]ior to _! pr$ecessors1 bo? 9 m9d & body4 ,!y pass$ _! "t 9 idle & effem9ate pursuits1 & refus$ to pay ! gods due hon\rs4 ,zeus1 9 8 wra?1 !reupon blott$ !m out f ! face ( ! e>?1 & creat$ ! ?ird 7braz57 race ( mank9d out ( a% wood4 ,?is race prov$ head/rong & viol5t4 ,!y 7 ( giant /ature & great /r5g?1 & took pleasure 9 no?+ b battle & /rife4 ,_! weapons1 h\ses1 & ut5sils 7 ( bronze1 iron n yet be+ kn[n4 ,zeus 0 n compell$ to de/roy ?is evil race1 s9ce !y de/roy$ !mselves 9 _! blood?ir/y /rife4 ,accord+ to ano!r acc\nt1 !y 7 de/roy$ by ! flood ( ,deucalion4 ,deucalion appe>s to h be5 a son ( ,prome!us1 :ile 8 wife ,pyrrha 0 ! daught] ( ,epime!us & ,p&ora4 ,zeus hav+ det]m9$ to de/roy ! corrupt race ( ! ?ird or bronze age by a flood1 ,prome!us w>n$ 8 son1 :o built himself an ark1 into :i* he retir$ ) 8 wife :5 ! wat]s began to rise4 ,n9e days & nights he 0 toss$ on ! wat]s2 at l5g? 8 vessel re/$ on ,m\nt ,p>nassus 9 ,botia4 ,he disemb>k$1 & imm$iately (f]$ a sacrifice ( ?anksgiv+ to ,zeus ! pres]v]4 ,pleas$ at 8 gratitude1 ,zeus grant$ 8 pray] = ! re/oration ( ! human race2 & ,deucalion & ,pyrrha 7 comm&$ by ,h]mes to ca/ /ones beh9d !m1 f :i* sprang a new race ( m54 ,su* is ! leg5d 9 its mo/ anci5t =m2 lat] writ]s engraft$ on x /ill f>!r incid5ts ( ,biblical tradition1 until at la/ ! ,greek ,noah 0 repres5t$ z hav+ tak5 liv+ animals ) him into ! ark1 & z hav+ let loose a dove aft] 8 l&+ on ,p>nassus4 ,,iii4--,,prov9cial ,,h]oic ,,leg5ds4 #a4 ,! ,lapi? & ! ,c5taurs4--,we %all comm5ce ) ! ,!ssalian leg5d ( ! ,lapi? & ,c5taurs1 on acc\nt ( its great antiquity & its importance 9 sculpture4 ,we read 9 ! ,hom]ic poems h[ ! ho>y ,ne/or on "o occasion boa/s ( hav+1 9 8 y\ng] days1 tak5 "p ) 8 fri5ds ,piri?os & ,cneus1 & ! o!r pr9ces ( ! ,lapi?1 9 _! conte/ ) ! savage ,c5taurs4 ,9 ,hom]'s acc\nt ! ,c5taurs are m]ely depict$ z an old ,!ssalian m\nta9 tribe ( giant /r5g? & savage f]ocity1 utt]ly unable to control _! rude1 s5sual nature4 ,nor d we f9d "h any m5tion ( _! be+ half horses & half m52 !y are m]ely said to h inhabit$ ! m\nta9 di/ricts ( ta & ,pelion1 9 ,!ssaly1 & to h be5 driv5 !nce by ! ,lapi? into ! high] m\nta9-l&s ( ,p9dus4 ,_! conte/ ) ! ,lapi? is sometimes conceiv$ z a symbol ( ! /ruggle ( ,greek civilisation ) ! /ill exi/+ b>b>ism ( ! e>ly ,pelasgian p]iod4 ,?is may be ! reason :y ,greek art1 :5 9 its bloom1 devot$ itself s especially to ?is subject4 ,! orig9 ( ?is conte/ is ref]r$ to ! m>riage fea/ ( ,piri?os & ,hippodamia1 to :i* ! pr9cipal ,c5taurs _h be5 invit$4 ,on ?is occasion ! ,c5taur ,eurytion1 heat$ ) w9e1 attempt$ to c>ry (f ! bride2 ?is gave rise to a conte/ :i*1 aft] dreadful losses on bo? sides1 end$ 9 ! complete defeat ( ! ,c5taurs4 ,! ,c5taurs1 h[ev]1 s9ce !y 7 ?us able to sit ) ! ,lapi? at meat1 mu/ h be5 end[$ ) purely human =ms4 ,!seus & ,ne/or1 ! fri5ds ( ,piri?os1 bo? took "p 9 ! battle4 ,ano!r prom95t w>rior 0 ! gigantic ,cneus 7,slay]71 :o _h be5 r5d]$ invuln]able by ,poseidon1 b :om ! ,c5taurs slew on ?is occasion by bury+ him b5ea? a mass ( trees & rocks4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 also a natural explanation ( ! tales ( ^! /range be+s4 ,! fa!r ( ! ,c5taurs is ,ixion1 :o1 z we h already se51 may be int]pret$ to be ! sun4 ,! crime said to h be5 ! cause ( 8 puni%m5t 0 8 love = ,h]a 7! goddess ( ! atmosph]e74 ,if we take ^! po9ts1 toge!r ) ! leg5d t ,ixion begat ! ,c5taurs ( ,nephele1 ! cl\d1 we may be prep>$ to see 9 ! horse-=m$ ,c5taurs a p>allel to ! c[s ( ! sun1 ! bright cl\ds :i* pass ov] ! sky4 ,!re is ! m gr\nd = ?is1 z simil> be+s appe> 9 ,indian my?ology1 & _! "n has1 ) mu* probability1 be5 id5tifi$ ) t ( ! ,c5taurs4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dh4--,metope ( ! ,p>!non4 ,z we h already m5tion$1 ! ,c5taurs play an important "p 9 art4 ,! cu/om ( depict+ !m half horse & half man came into vogue aft] ! "t ( ,p9d>1 & 0 quickly adopt$ 9 sculpture4 ,9 ! repres5tations ( e>li] art ! face ( a man is jo9$ to ! body & h9d legs ( a horse4 ,b 9 its high] /age ( developm5t1 aft] ! "t ( ,phidias1 ?is 0 replac$ by a m elegant conception1 & ! body ( a man f ! navel upw>ds 0 jo9$ to ! complete body ( a horse1 s t ! ,c5taurs ( ?is p]iod h ! f\r feet ( a horse & ! h&s & arms ( a man4 ,su* is _! appe>ance on num]\s extant art monum5ts1 ( :i* we %all m5tion ! mo/ important4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !re are ! reliefs f ! frieze ( ! ,!seum at ,a!ns4 ,?is temple1 :i* is /ill 9 a good /ate ( pres]vation1 0 conv]t$ dur+ ! middle ages into a *apel ( ,/4 ,george4 ,x is suppos$ to h be5 built at ! in/ance ( ,cimon1 aft] he _h br\ght back ! bones ( ! ,attic h]o f ,scyros4 ,besides o!r important pieces1 :i* we %all m5tion h]eaft]1 ! temple has1 on its we/]n or h9d] frieze1 a repres5tation ( ! conte/s ( ! ,c5taurs & ,lapi? at ! w$d+ ( ,piri?os1 done 9 ,p>ian m>ble4 ,x is execut$ 9 su* a mann] t x is impossible to discov] :i* p>ty w get ! upp] h&2 & ?is has enabl$ ! arti/1 ^: "n has n come d[n to u1 to introduce a lively v>iety into ! diff]5t sc5es ( ! combat4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #di4--;,f ! ,frieze ( ! ,temple at ,bass4 ,we h ano!r s]ies ( mo/ spl5did repres5tations f ! battle ( ! ,c5taurs1 full ( life & _s1 on "s dilapidat$ metopes#f ( ! ,p>!non at ,a!ns4 ,?is spl5did specim5 ( ,doric ar*itecture is #bbg feet 9 l5g? & #aja feet 9 bread?4 ,x 0 ru9$ 9 #afhg1 dur+ ! w> betwe5 ! ,v5etians & ,turks1 by a %ell :i* broke ?r\gh ! mid/ ( ! m>ble ro(4 ,a l>ge "p ( ! n9ety-two metopes ( ! out] frieze conta9 a numb] ( ! mo/ beautiful & life-l sc5es f ! battle ( ! ,giants & t ( ! ,c5taurs4 ,( ^! metopes1 ?irty-n9e /ill rema9 on ! temple1 ?\gh !y are all 9 a t]ribly mutilat$ condition2 sev5te5 are 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 & "o 9 ! ,l\vre at ,p>is4 ,^? f ! s\? side are comp>atively 9 ! be/ /ate ( pres]vation2 ^! are sev5te5 9 numb]1 ! :ole numb] on ! s\? side hav+ be5 ?irty-two4 ,!y repres5t1 exclusively1 sc5es f ! battle ( ! ,c5taurs4 ,"h a be>d$ ,c5taur is c>ry+ (f a woman1 :om he holds 9 8 p[]ful grasp2 !re1 ano!r is gallop+ away ov] ! body ( 8 fall5 enemy2 ano!r is engag$ 9 a fi]ce conte/ ) a human foe2 :il/ a f\r? lies sla9 on ! field4 ,! engrav+ we app5d may give a fa9t idea ( ! beauty & bold design ( ?is spl5did creation 7,fig4 #dh74 ,to ^! gr& monum5ts ( ,greek art we mu/ add ! frieze ( ! temple ( ,apollo ,epicurius at ,bass1 ne> ,phigalia 9 ,arcadia1 :i* 0 discov]$ 9 #ahab1 & is n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,x repres5ts1 likewise1 a s]ies ( ! mo/ vivid sc5es f ! battle ( ! ,lapi? & ,c5taurs4 ,9 ! individual gr\ps & sc5es ( ! battle1 :i* is "h complet$ be=e our eyes1 !re is ! same v>iety & animation1 s t we mu/ ascribe x to "s great arti/ 7,fig4 #di74 ,footnote #f3 ,! squ>es betwe5 ! triglyphs ( ! frieze :i* are int5d$ to support ! gable1 e "o ( :i* is g5]ally adorn$ ) a sep>ate sculpture 9 relief4 ,besides ^! sculptures 9 relief1 "s spl5did s+le /atues ( ,c5taurs h come d[n to u f antiquity4 ,among ^!1 ! fir/ place mu/ be assign$ to ! two ,c5taurs 9 ! ,capitol9e ,museum4 ,!y are execut$ 9 black m>ble1 & 7 f\nd 9 ! villa ( ,hadrian at ,tivoli1 :]e s _m anci5t art treasures h be5 br\ght to light4 ,among ! ,c5taurs1 ,*iron1 :o 0 fam\s alike = 8 wisdom & 8 k ( m$ic9e1 des]ves m5tion z ! preceptor ( _m ( ! h]oes ( antiquity4 ,s f> sup]ior 0 he to 8 savage k9dr$1 bo? 9 education & mann]s1 t he 0 commonly report$ to h _h a diff]5t orig91 & 0 !re=e describ$ z a son ( ,cronus & ,philyra1 or ,phyllira1 "o ( ! ,oceanids4 ,hom]1 :o knew no?+ ( ! equ9e %ape ( ! ,c5taurs1 repres5ts him z ! mo/ upright ( ! ,c5taurs1 & makes him ! fri5d ( ,peleus & ! preceptor ( ! y\?ful ,a*illes1 :om he in/ruct$ 9 ! art ( heal+ & gymna/ic ex]cises4 ,he 01 moreov]1 relat$ to bo? ^! h]oes1 8 daught] ,endes hav+ be5 ! "m ( ,peleus4 ,subsequ5tly1 o!r my?ical h]oes 7 add$ to ! numb] ( 8 pupils1 su* z ,ca/or & ,polydeuces1 ,!seus1 ,ne/or1 ,meleag]1 & ,diom$es4 ,music1 too1 0 n[ repres5t$ z a subject ( 8 in/ruction1 ?\gh ?is is p]haps due to a mis9t]pretation ( ! "n ( 8 "m4 ,he inhabit$ a cave on ,m\nt ,pelion2 lat] my?ology1 h[ev]1 transf]r$ 8 resid5ce1 aft] ! ,c5taurs _h be5 driv5 f ,pelion by ! ,lapi?1 to ! promontory ( ,malea4 ,"h1 by an unlucky accid5t1 he 0 w\nd$ ) a poison$ arr[ by 8 fri5d ,h]acles1 &1 ! w\nd be+ incurable1 he volunt>ily *ose to die 9 ! place ( ,prome!us4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ej4--;,c5taur tea*+ a ,boy to play ^u ! ,pipe4 ,relief by ,kundmann4 ,! idea ( ! connection ( ! ,c5taurs ) ! arts & sci5ces orig9at$ 9 ! /ory ( ,*iron & ,a*illes1 & has s9ce furni%$ mod]n art ) ! subjects = "s ( its mo/ valuable works4 ,fig4 #ej repres5ts a ,c5taur tea*+ a boy to play on ! flute1 & is aft] an alto-relievo ( ! ,vi5nese sculptor ,kundmann4 #b4 ,!ban ,leg5d4--#a4 ,cadmus4--,among ,!ban leg5ds1 none is m celebrat$ ?an ! f\nd+ ( ,!bes by ,cadmus4 ,cadmus 0 a son ( ! ,phnician k+ ,ag5or4 ,aft] ,zeus c>ri$ (f 8 si/] ,europa to ,crete 7vide ! ,cretan ,leg5ds71 he 0 despat*$ by 8 fa!r 9 se>* ( h]4 ,accompani$ by 8 "m ,telephassa1 he came to ,?race & !nce to ,delphi1 :]e he 0 comm&$ by ! oracle to rel9qui% 8 que/4 ,x fur!r ord]$ him to foll[ a "y heif] ) ! m>k ( a cresc5t on ei!r side1 & to build a t[n on ! place :]e ! heif] %\ld lie d[n4 ,cadmus obey$1 &1 f9d+ ! heif] 9 ,phocis1 he foll[$ h]4 ,%e l$ him into ,botia1 & at l5g? lay d[n on a ris+ gr\nd4 ,on ?is spot ,cadmus f\nd$ a t[n1 :i* he call$ ,cadmea1 aft] himself1 ?\gh he _h fir/ to exp]i5ce a p]il\s adv5ture4 ,be=e sacrific+ ! heif]1 he s5t "s ( 8 companions to fet* wat] f a neighb\r+ spr+1 :]e !y 7 sla9 by a dragon belong+ to ,ares :i* gu>d$ ! spr+4 ,cadmus !n w5t himself1 & slew ! dragon1 ! tee? ( :i* he s[$ 9 ! gr\nd by ! advice ( ,pallas4 ,h]eupon arm$ m5 sprang f ! gr\nd2 !y imm$iately turn$ _! arms aga9/ ea* o!r1 & 7 all sla9 except five4 ,cadmus built 8 new t[n ) ! assi/ance ( ^! m51 :o ?us became ! ance/ors ( ! noble families ( ,!bes4 ,9 expiation ( ! dragon's dea?1 ,cadmus 0 oblig$ to d s]vice to ,ares = eight ye>s4 ,at ! end ( ?is p]iod ,ares p>don$ ,cadmus & gave him ,h>monia--8 daught] by ,aphrodite--to wife4 ,h>monia became ! "m ( f\r daught]s--,autono1 ,ino1 ,semele1 & ,agave4 ,aft] reign+ = a long "t at ,!bes1 ,cadmus 0 compell$ 9 8 old age to retire to ! ,en*elians 9 ,illyria2 b :e!r he 0 driv5 out by ,amphion & ,ze?us 7:o appe> 9 ,hom] z ! f\nd]s ( ,!bes7 or )drew f "s o!r cause is n manife/4 ,he & 8 wife 7 aft]w>ds *ang$ into s]p5ts1 & transf]r$1 by ! comm& ( ,zeus1 to ! ,elysian fields4 ,9 ?is /ory we see ano!r =m ( ! combat ( ! h]o ) ! mon/]1 & c probably give x ! same explanation4 ,! dragon gu>ds ! wat]s1 & ! h]o1 by kill+ x1 frees !m4 ,d we n see 9 ?is ! combat ( ! sun ) ! cl\d2 & 9 ! arm$ m5 :o turn _! weapons aga9/ "o ano!r1 ! cl\ds t seem to fight ) "o ano!r 9 ! ?und]/orm8 ,yet ev5 admitt+ ?is int]pretation1 x may be t we h 9 ! "n ( ,cadmus an allusion to ! civilisation & ! arts receiv$ by ! ,greeks f ! ,ea/4 ,s1 too1 ) ! alphabet1 ! inv5tion ( :i* ,hell5ic tradition ascrib$ to him4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ea4--;,acton ,gr\p4 ,briti% ,museum4 #b4 ,acton4--,we h already incid5tally m5tion$ ! =tunes ( ?ree ( ! daught]s ( ,cadmus--,ino1 ,semele1 & ,agave4 ,! elde/1 ,autono1 m>ri$ ,ari/u1 ! son ( ,apollo1 & became by him ! "m ( ,acton4 ,acton 0 h&$ ov] to ,*iron to be re>$ z a /\t hunt] & w>rior2 b he _h sc>cely rea*$ ! prime ( y\? :5 he 0 ov]tak5 by a lam5table fate4 ,:il/ hunt+ "o day on ,m\nt ,ci?ron1 he 0 *ang$ by ,artemis into a /ag1 & 0 torn 9 pieces by 8 own dogs4 ,! cause ( h] ang] 0 ei!r t ,acton _h boa/$ t he 0 a m skilful hunt] ?an ,artemis1 or t he _h surpris$ ! virg9 goddess ba?+4 ,! latt] tradition ultimately prevail$1 &1 9 lat] times1 ev5 ! rock :5ce he beheld ,artemis 0 po9t$ out on ! road betwe5 ,meg>a & ,plata4 ,he receiv$ h]oic hon\rs 9 ,botia1 & 8 protection 0 invok$ aga9/ ! deadly p[] ( ! sun 9 ! dog-days4 ,! /ory ( ,acton is probably no?+ b a repres5tation ( ! decay ( v]dant nature b5ea? an oppressive summ] heat4 ,! /ory ( ,acton's trans=mation & dea? 0 a fav\rite subject = sculpture4 ,a small m>ble gr\p1 repres5t+ ,acton beat+ (f two dogs :i* are attack+ him1 0 f\nd 9 #aggd1 & is n[ pres]v$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,fig4 #ea74 #c4 ,amphion & ,ze?us4--,besides ! royal family ( ,cadmus1 :i* 0 cont9u$ 9 ,!bes aft] 8 dep>ture by 8 son ,polydorus1 we come across ! scions ( ano!r rul+ family ( ,!bes :i* came f ,hyria1 or ,hysia1 9 ,botia1 9 ! p]sons ( ,amphion & ,ze?us4 ,nycteus1 k+ ( ,!bes1 _h a wond]fully beautiful daught] call$ ,antiope1 ^: fav\rs ,zeus enjoy$ on approa*+ h] 9 ! =m ( a ,satyr4 ,on becom+ pregnant1 %e fl$ f ! res5tm5t ( h] fa!r to ,sicyon1 :]e ! k+1 ,epopeus1 receiv$ h] & made h] 8 wife4 ,?is enrag$ ,nycteus1 :o made w> on ,epopeus 9 ord] to compel him to deliv] up 8 daught] ,antiope4 ,he 0 oblig$ to retire )\t accompli%+ 8 purpose1 b1 on 8 dea?1 he entru/$ ! execution ( 8 v5geance to 8 bro!r ,lycus1 :o succe$$ him4 ,lycus defeat$ & slew ,epopeus1 de/roy$ ,sicyon1 & took ,antiope back ) him z prison]4 ,on ! way1 at ,eleu!r on ,ci?ron1 %e gave bir? to ! tw9s ,amphion & ,ze?us4 ,^! 7 imm$iately expos$1 b 7 subsequ5tly discov]$ & br\ght up by a compassionate %eph]d4 ,antiope 0 n only kept prison] 9 ! h\se ( ,lycus1 b _h also to submit to ! mo/ h>% & humiliat+ treatm5t at ! h&s ( 8 wife ,dirce4 ,at l5g? %e manag$ to escape1 & by a wond]ful *ance discov]$ h] two sons1 :o _h gr[n1 on lonely ,ci?ron1 into /urdy y\?s4 ,! /ory ( h] wrongs s enrag$ !m t !y resolv$ to wreak a cruel v5geance on ,dirce4 ,aft] hav+ tak5 ,!bes & sla9 ,lycus1 !y b\nd ,dirce to ! horns ( a wild bull1 :i* dragg$ h] ab\t till %e p]i%$4 ,accord+ to ano!r /ory1 ,dirce came to ,ci?ron to celebrate ! fe/ival ( ,bac*us4 ,"h %e f\nd h] runaway slave1 :om %e 0 ab\t to puni% by hav+ h] b\nd to ! horns ( a bull4 ,happily1 h[ev]1 ,amphion & ,ze?us recognis$ _! "m1 & inflict$ on ! cruel ,dirce ! puni%m5t %e _h de/9$ = ano!r4 ,h] mangl$ rema9s !y ca/ into ! spr+ ne> ,!bes :i* be>s h] "n4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eb4--;,f>nese ,bull4 ,naples4 ,! puni%m5t ( ,dirce =ms ! subject ( num]\s pieces ( sculpture4 ,! mo/ important among !m is ! ,f>nese ,bull 7,toro ,f>nese7 9 ! museum at ,naples 7,fig4 #eb74 ,?is _w-r5[n$ m>ble gr\p is suppos$1 ) ! exception ( c]ta9 p>ts :i* h be5 re/or$ 9 mod]n times1 to h be5 ! "w ( ! bro!rs ,apollonius & ,tauriscus1 ( ,tralles 9 ,c>ia1 ,apollonius & ,tauriscus belong$ to ! ,rhodian s*ool1 :i* fl\ri%$ 9 ! ?ird c5tury ,b4,c4 ,?is colossal gr\p--und\bt$ly ! l>ge/ :i* has desc5d$ to u f antiquity--0 fir/ erect$ 9 ,rhodes1 b came1 dur+ ! reign ( ,augu/us1 into ! possession ( ,as9ius ,pollio1 ! great art-patron4 ,x 0 discov]$ 9 #aedg 9 ! ,!rm ( ,c>acalla at ,rome1 & 0 set up 9 ! ,palazzo ,f>nese4 ,x 0 !nce transf]r$ to ,naples 9 #aghf1 z a portion ( ! ,f>nese inh]itance4 ,! foll[+ is a brief explanation ( ! gr\p1 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 ! mo/ complete acc\nt c\ld give b an imp]fect idea ( its beauty4 ,! sc5e is laid on ! rocky heights ( ,ci?ron4 ,! position ( ! h&some y\?s on a rocky crag is z picturesque z x is dang]\s1 & s]ves n only to l5d ! gr\p a pyramidal aspect pleas+ to ! eye1 b also to set be=e u _! m>vell\s /r5g?4 ,!re are sev]al tok5s t ! occurr5ce took place dur+ a ,bac*ic fe/ival3 ! wick] ci/a my/ica 9 use at ! fe/ivals ( ,dionysus--! fawn sk9 :i* ,dirce we>s--! ivy g>l& t has fall5 at h] feet--! brok5 ?yrsus1 &1 la/ly1 ! ,bac*ic insignia :i* di/+ui% ! %eph]d boy1 :o is sitt+ on ! "r wat*+ ! proce$+s ) pa9ful int]e/--all po9t to ?is fact4 ,! lyre :i* re/s aga9/ ! tree beh9d ,amphion is a tok5 ( 8 well-kn[n love ( music4 ,! female figure 9 ! backgr\nd is ,antiope4 ,! /ory goes on to relate t ! two bro!rs1 aft] ! expulsion & dea? ( ,lyons1 acquir$ ! sov]eignty ( ,!bes1 ?\gh ,amphion always figures z ! real k+4 ,! two bro!rs 7 widely diff]5t 9 disposition & "*4 ,ze?us appe>s to h be5 rude & h>%1 & passionately fond ( ! *ase4 ,amphion1 on ! o!r h&1 is repres5t$ z a fri5d ( ! ,muses1 & devot$ to music & poetry4 ,he soon _h an opportunity ( prov+ 8 wondr\s skill :5 !y began to enclose ,!bes1 :i* _h be5 be=e unprotect$1 ) walls & t[]s2 = :il/ ,ze?us remov$ great blocks & pil$ !m "o on ano!r by means ( 8 va/ /r5g?1 ,amphion _h b to t\* ! /r+s ( 8 lyre & break =? into "s sweet melody1 & ! mighty /ones mov$ ( _! own accord & ob$i5tly fitt$ !mselves toge!r4 ,?is is :y ,amphion is always repres5t$ 9 sculpture ) a lyre & ,ze?us ) a club4 ,we c sc>cely d\bt t ^! ,!ban ,dioscuri1 l ! ,ca/or & ,polydeuces ( ,sp>ta1 :o are well kn[n to be only symbols ( ! morn+ & ev5+ />1 7 orig9ally p]sonifications ( "s natural ph5om5on2 ?\gh we are no long] 9 a position to say :at x 04 ,amphion is fur!r celebrat$ on acc\nt ( ! melan*oly fate ( 8 sons & daught]s4 ,he m>ri$ ,niobe1 ! daught] ( ! ,phrygian k+ ,tantalus1 & si/] ( ,pelops4 ,great 0 ! happ9ess ( ?is m>riage2 ! gods seem$ to %[] d[n _! bless+s on ! royal pair4 ,_m bloom+ & lovely *ildr5 grew up 9 _! palace1 ! pride & delight ( _! happy p>5ts4 ,f ?is p>adise ( pure/ joy & happ9ess !y 7 soon to pass into a night ( ! deepe/ m\rn+ & mo/ cruel affliction ?r\gh ! presumption ( ,niobe--! same presumption :i* _h l$ h] fa!r ,tantalus to trifle ) ! gods & consummate 8 own ru94 ,! he>t ( ,niobe 0 lift$ up ) pride at ! numb] ( h] *ildr51#g & %e v5tur$ to pref] h]self to ,latona1 :o _h only two2 nay1 %e ev5 w5t s f> z to =bid ! ,!bans to (f] sacrifice to ,latona & h] *ildr51 & to claim ^! hon\rs h]self4 ,! v5geance ( ! (f5d$ deities1 h[ev]1 n[ ov]took h]1 & all h] *ildr5 7 laid l[ 9 "o day be=e ! un]r+ arr[s ( ,apollo & 8 si/]4 ,! p>5ts did n survive ?is deep affliction4 ,amphion slew himself1 & ,niobe1 already p>alys$ ) grief1 0 turn$ into /one by ! pity ( ! gods1 & transf]r$ to h] old ,phrygian home on ,m\nt ,sipylus1 ?\gh ev5 ! /one has n ceas$ to weep4 ,footnote #g3 ,! numb] ( ,niobe's *ildr5 v>ies mat]ially4 ,hom] 7,il4 xxiv41 #fjb7 gives h] six sons & z _m daught]s4 ,accord+ to ,hesiod & ,p9d>1 %e _h t5 sons & t5 daught]s2 b ! mo/ common acc\nt1 & t foll[$ by ! tragic poets1 all[s h] f\rte5 *ildr54 ,ev]y:]e ! numb] ( sons & daught]s appe>s to be equal4 ,! /ory ( ,niobe 0 frequ5tly treat$ ( by ! tragic poets1 bo? s*ylus & ,sophocles hav+ writt5 trag$ies be>+ h] "n4 ,su* is ! sub/ance ( ?is beautiful leg5d1 ?\gh its details v>y consid]ably 9 ! acc\nts ( ! poets & my?ologi/s4 ,! mo/ circum/antial & ri*ly-col\r$ acc\nt ( x is conta9$ 9 ! ,metamorphoses ( ,ovid4 ,! poets h cont9ually /riv5 to impose a purely e?ical int]pretation on ! /ory1 by repres5t+ ! de/ruction ( ! *ildr5 ( ,niobe z ! consequ5ce ( ! great s9 ( _! "m2 b x is m probably a physical mean+ :i* lies at ! root ( ! leg5d4 ,x is1 9 fact1 a picture ( ! melt+ ( ! sn[ be=e ! hot scor*+ rays ( ! sun4 ,?is incid5t ! f]tile imag9ation ( ! ,greeks portray$ 9 ! mo/ beautiful metaphors4 ,b j z a subject s purely tragic z ! hi/ory ( ,niobe f\nd its fir/ true developm5t 9 tragic poetry1 s likewise x only atta9$ its prop] place 9 sculpture aft] art _h laid aside its e>li] & m simple epic "*1 & set itself to depict1 9 _! full =ce1 ! inw>d passions ( ! s\l4 ,?is t5d5cy t[>ds pa?os & effect is *>act]i/ic ( ! age ( ,praxiteles & ,scopas1 & ! lat] ,attic s*ool4 ,to ?is age 7#d? c5tury ,b4,c47 belong$ ! gr\p ( ,niobe1 :i* 0 s highly celebrat$ ev5 among ! anci5ts1 & :i* 0 se5 by ,pl9y 9 ! temple ( ,apollo ,sosianus at ,rome1 al?\gh p ev5 !n hesitat$ :e!r to ascribe x to ,praxiteles or ,scopas4 ,none b "o ( ^! great ma/]s c\ld h be5 ! au?or ( ?is trag$y hewn 9 /one4 ,al?\gh ! orig9al figures ( ?is magnific5t gr\p h disappe>$1 yet copies ( mo/ ( !m are /ill 9 exi/5ce4 ,) reg>d to ! celebrat$ ,flor5t9e ,niobe gr\p1 ! dissimil>ity ( its treatm5t & ! v>i\s k9ds ( m>ble employ$ s]ve to %[ t x is n a ,greek orig9al1 b a ,roman imitation4 ,x 0 f\nd at ,rome 9 #aehc1 ne> ! ,lat]an ,*ur*1 & 0 pur*as$ by ,c>d9al ,m$ici to adorn 8 villa on ! ,monte ,p9cio4 ,9 #agge x 0 br\ght to ,flor5ce1 :]e x has rema9$ s9ce #agid 9 ! gall]y ( ! ,uffizi4 ,!re has nev] be5 b "o op9ion z to ! beauty ( ?is gr\p4 ,fir/ among ! figures--n only 9 size1 b also 9 arti/ic p]fection--is t ( ,niobe h]self4 ,! unhappy que5 displays 9 h] :ole he>+ s maje/ic & noble a demean\r1 t1 ev5 if none ( ! o!r spl5did results ( ,greek sculpture _h come d[n to u1 ?is alone w\ld be> ample te/imony to ! high p]fection & creative p[] ( ,greek art4 ,! foll[+ description ( ! arrangem5t ( ! gr\p is tak5 f ,lbke's ,hi/ory ( ,pla/ic ,art3-- ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ed4--,niobe4 ,flor5ce4 8,apollo & ,artemis are to be suppos$ outside ! gr\p2 !y h accompli%$ _! "w ( v5geance & de/ruction f an invisible position 9 ! heav5s4 ,?is is d5ot$ by ea* movem5t ( ! fly+ figures1 :o ei!r gaze upw>ds 9 affright t[>ds ! heav5s1 or seek to cov] !mselves ) _! g>m5ts4 ,"o ( ! sons is already /ret*$ dead on ! e>?2 ano!r leans 9 mortal agony aga9/ a rock1 fix+ 8 eyes1 already glaz$ 9 dea?1 on ! spot :5ce de/ruction has ov]tak5 him4 ,a ?ird bro!r is /riv+ 9 va9 to protect ) 8 robe 8 si/]1 :o has fall5 w\nd$ at 8 feet1 & to cat* h] 9 8 arms2 ano!r has sunk on 8 knees1 & clut*es 9 agony at ! w\nd 9 8 back2 :il/ 8 preceptor is endeav\r+ to %ield ! y\nge/ boy4 ,all ! o!rs are flee+ in/9ctively to _! "m1 ?9k+1 d\btless1 t %e :o _h s (t5 af=d$ protection c\ld save !m also f ! av5g+ arr[s ( ! gods4 ,?us f ei!r side ! waves ( ?is dreadful flight ru% t[>ds ! c5tre1 to break on ! sublime figure ( ,niobe z ^u a rock4 ,%e alone /&s un%ak5 9 all h] sorr[1 "m & que5 to ! la/4 ,clasp+ h] y\nge/ daught]1 ^: t5d] ye>s h n pres]v$ h]1 9 h] arms1 & b5d+ ov] z ?\gh to %ield ! *ild1 %e turns h] own pr\d head upw>ds1 &1 be=e h] left h& c cov] h] sorr[-/rick5 face ) h] robe1 %e ca/s t[>ds ! av5g+ goddess a look 9 :i* bitt] grief is bl5d$ ) sublime dignity ( s\l 7,fig4 #ed74 ,9 ?is look !re is nei!r defiance nor pray] = m]cy1 b a sorr[ful & yet )al l(ty expression ( h]oic resignation to inexorable fate t is wor?y ( a ,niobe4 ,?is admirable figure1 !n1 is pre-em95tly ! c5tral po9t ( ! composition1 s9ce x expresses an atonem5t :i*1 9 a sc5e ( horror & annihilation1 /irs ! he>t to ! deepe/ sympa?y40 ,ze?us 0 n m =tunate ?an ,amphion 9 8 dome/ic affairs4 ,he m>ri$ ,adon 7night+ale71 ! daught] ( ,p&>eos4 ,p&>eos 0 ! fri5d & companion ( ,tantalus1 = :om he /ole a liv+ dog made ( brass f ! temple ( ,zeus 9 ,crete1 & 0 on t acc\nt turn$ into /one4 ,adon 0 jeal\s ( ! good-=tune ( ,niobe 9 hav+ s _m beautiful *ildr52 %e h]self hav+ only "o son1 ,itylus4 ,%e resolv$1 "o night1 to slay ! elde/ son ( ,niobe1 b %e kill$1 9 mi/ake1 h] own *ild in/ead4 ,zeus took compassion on h]1 & *ang$ h] into a night+ale4 ,9 ?is guise %e /ill cont9ues to bewail h] loss 9 long-drawn m\rnful notes4 ,tradition says no?+ z to ! dea? ( ,ze?us1 al?\gh ! common grave ( ! ,!ban ,dioscuri 0 po9t$ out 9 ,!bes4 ,aft] 8 dea?1 ,laius1 ! son ( ,labdacus & gr&son ( ,polydorus1 re/or$ 9 8 p]son ! race ( ,cadmus to ! ?rone ( ,!bes4 7,see ! leg5d ( ! ,labdacid lat] on47 #c4 ,cor9?ian ,leg5d4--#a4 ,sisyphus4--,cor9?1 or ,ephyra1 z x 0 =m]ly call$1 0 said to h be5 f\nd$ by ,sisyphus1 ! son ( olus4 ,its inhabitants1 on acc\nt ( ! position ( _! city betwe5 two seas1 7 naturally incl9$ to deify t elem5t1 & x is n improbable t ,sisyphus 0 m]ely an anci5t symbol ( ! re/less1 ev]-roll+ waves ( ! sea4 ,?is int]pretation1 h[ev]1 is by no means c]ta92 & ! idea ( ,sisyphus 9 ! l[] _w ev] roll+ a huge /one to ! top ( a m\nta9 might equally well ref] to ! sun1 :i*1 aft] atta9+ its highe/ po9t 9 ! heav5s at ! "t ( ! summ] sol/ice1 glides back aga91 only to beg9 its c>e] anew on ! %orte/ day4 ,9 any case1 ! roll+ ( ! /one does n appe> to h be5 orig9ally a puni%m5t4 ,x 0 only lat]--aft] p _h become famili> ) ! idea ( retribution 9 ! l[] _w--t x assum$ ?is "*4 ,9 ord] to acc\nt = x1 a special crime _h to be f\nd = ,sisyphus4 ,accord+ to "s1 he 0 puni%$ at ! in/ance ( ,zeus1 because he _h reveal$ to ! riv]-god ,asopus ! hid+-place ( 8 daught] g9a1 :om ,zeus _h secretly c>ri$ (f f ,phlius4 ,accord+ to ano!r tradition1 he us$ to attack travell]s1 & put !m to dea? by cru%+ !m ) great /ones4 ,! ,cor9?ians be+ crafty m5 ( bus9ess1 x 0 natural t !y %\ld accr$it _! my?ical f\nd] ) a ref9$ cunn+4 ,( ! num]\s leg5ds :i* exi/$ conc]n+ him1 none 0 m celebrat$ ?an t ( ! cunn+ mode 9 :i* he succe$$ 9 b9d+ ,dea?1 :om ,ares _h to be despat*$ to release4 #b4 ,glaucus4--,tradition describes ,glaucus z a son ( ,sisyphus by ,m]ope4 ,he also appe>s to h _h a symbolic mean+1 & 0 once id5tical ) ,poseidon1 ?\gh he 0 aft]w>ds degrad$ f ! rank ( a god to t ( a h]o4 ,he is rem>kable = 8 un=tunate end4 ,on ! occasion ( "s fun]al games1 celebrat$ 9 ,iolcus 9 hon\r ( ,pelias1 he took "p 9 ! *>iot race1 & 0 torn 9 pieces by 8 own horses1 :i* _h tak5 fright4 #c4 ,bell]ophon & ! ,leg5d ( ! ,amazons4--,! ?ird national h]o ( ,cor9? 0 ,bell]ophon1 or ,bell]ophontes4 ,"h ! ref]5ce to ! sun is s obvi\s1 t ! signification ( ! my? is unmi/akeable4 ,he 0 t]m$ ! son ( ,poseidon or ,glaucus1 & none c\ld appreciate ?is g5ealogy bett] ?an ! ,cor9?ians1 :o daily saw ! sun rise f ! sea4 ,we mu/ fir/1 h[ev]1 n>rate ! sub/ance ( ! /ory4 ,bell]ophon 0 born & br\ght up at ,cor9?1 b 0 oblig$ f "s cause or o!r to leave 8 c\ntry4 ,t he kill$ ,bell]us1 a noble ( ,cor9?1 is no?+ b a fable aris+ f an un=tunate mis9t]pretation ( 8 "n4 ,he 0 hospitably receiv$ by ,prtus1 k+ ( ,tiryns1 ^: wife at once fell 9 love ) ! h&some1 /ately y\?4 ,f9d+1 h[ev]1 t ,bell]ophon slight$ h] passion1 %e sl&]$ him to h] husb&1 & ,prtus =?) s5t him to 8 fa!r-9-law1 ,iobates1 k+ ( ,lycia1 ) a tablet1 my/]i\s signs on :i* bade ,iobates put ! be>] to dea?4 ,at ?is juncture ! h]oic c>e] ( ,bell]ophon beg9s4 ,iobates s\ght to fulfil ! comm& ( ,prtus by involv+ 8 gue/ 9 all k9ds ( desp]ate adv5tures4 ,he fir/ s5t him to de/roy ! ,*imra1 a dang]\s mon/] t deva/at$ ! l&4 ,! =e "p ( its body 0 t ( a lion1 ! c5tre t ( a goat1 & ! h9d] "p t ( a dragon4 ,accord+ to ,hesiod1 x _h ?ree heads--t ( a lion1 a goat1 & a dragon4 ,accord+ to ! same poet1 ! ,*imra 0 a fire-brea?+ mon/] ( great swiftness & /r5g?1 ! daught] ( ,typhon & ,e*idna4 ,bell]ophon de/roy$ ! mon/] by rais+ himself 9 ! air on 8 w+$ horse ,pegasus1 & %oot+ x ) 8 arr[s4 ,pegasus 0 ! (fspr+ ( ,poseidon & ,m$usa1 f ^: trunk x sprung aft] ,p]seus _h /ruck (f h] head4 ,bell]ophon captur$ ?is wond]ful animal z x desc5d$ at ! ,acro-,cor9?us to dr9k ( ! spr+ ( ,pir5e4 ,9 ?is he 0 assi/$ by ! goddess ,a!ne1 :o also taught him h[ to tame & use x4 ,"h1 !n1 he appe>s to h already possess$ ! horse at ,cor9?2 ?\gh ano!r tradition relates t ,pegasus 0 fir/ s5t to him :5 he set out to conqu] ! ,*imra4 ,! orig9 ( ! /ory is ascrib$ to a fi]y m\nta9 9 ,lycia2 b1 z all dragons & su*like mon/]s ( antiquity are repres5t$ z brea?+ =? fire & flames1 we are p]haps sc>cely ju/ifi$ 9 hav+ rec\rse to a volcano4 ,?is *>act]i/ic is1 9 fact1 m]ely a common symbol ( ! furi\s & dang]\s "* ( ^! mon/]s4 ,! conte/ ( ,bell]ophon is f> m likely to be a picture ( ! dry+ up1 by means ( ! sun's rays1 ( ! furi\s m\nta9 torr5ts :i* flood ! corn-fields4 ,o!rs1 aga91 h ?\ght t ! ,*imra repres5ts ! /orms ( w9t] conqu]$ by ! sun4 ,! next adv5ture 9 :i* ,iobates engag$ ,bell]ophon 0 an exp$ition aga9/ ! ,solymi1 a neighb\r+ b ho/ile m\nta9 tribe4 ,aft] he _h be5 successful 9 subdu+ !m1 ,iobates s5t him aga9/ ! w>like ,amazons1 hop+ t among !m he w\ld be c]ta9 to meet 8 dea?4 ,we "h1 = ! fir/ "t1 come across ?is rem>kable nation ( wom51 ) :om o!r ,greek h]oes1 su* z ,h]acles & ,!seus1 are said to h f\ght2 & x w n1 !re=e1 be =eign to our object to dwell "h on _! mo/ important features4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ee--;,amazon4 ,b]l94 ,! ,amazons appe> 9 leg5d z e>ly z ,hom]1 ?\gh he only m5tions !m incid5tally4 ,!y 7 said to be a nation ( wom51 :o suff]$ no m5 among !m1 except s f> z x 0 necess>y to keep up ! race4 ,! wom51 on ! o!r h&1 7 tra9$ f _! e>lie/ ye>s 9 all w>like ex]cises2 s t !y 7 n only suffici5tly p[]ful to def5d _! own l& aga9/ =eign invad]s1 b also to make plund]+ incursions into o!r c\ntries4 ,_! dom9ions1 ! situation ( :i* 0 at fir/ indef9itely describ$ z 9 ! f> nor? or f> we/1 7 aft]w>ds r$uc$ to m di/9ct limits1 & plac$ 9 ,cappadocia1 on ! riv] ,!rmodon1 _! capital be+ ,!miscyra 9 ,scy?ia1 on ! bord]s ( ,lake ,motis1 :]e _! int]c\rse ) ! ,scy?ians is said to h giv5 rise to ! ,s>matian tribes4 ,lat] writ]s also speak ( ! ,amazons 9 ,we/]n ,libya4 ,( ! num]\s /ories rife conc]n+ !m1 none is m ta/eless ?an t ( _! cutt+ (f or burn+ out ! "r brea/1 9 ord] n to incommode !mselves 9 ! use ( ! b[4 ,f ! ,!rmodon !y are said to h made great exp$itions z f> z ! gean sea2 !y are ev5 report$ to h invad$ ,attica1 & made w> on ,!seus4 ,!y also play a prom95t "p 9 ! /ory ( ,h]acles1 by :om !y 7 defeat$2 & 9 ! ,trojan w>1 :51 "u _! que5 ,p5!silea1 !y came to ! assi/ance ( ,priam aga9/ ! ,greeks4 ,! ,amazons 7 frequ5tly repres5t$ 9 ,greek art4 ,!y are "h depict$ z f9e1 p[]ful wom51 resembl+ ,artemis & h] nymphs1 ?\gh ) /\t] legs & arms4 ,!y g5]ally appe> arm$1 _! weapons be+ a long d\ble-edg$ battle-axe 7bip5nis7 & a semicircul> %ield4 ,an anecdote relat$ by ,pl9y proves :at a fav\rite subject ! ,amazons 7 ) ,greek arti/s4 ,he says t ! celebrat$ sculptors1 ,phidias1 ,polycletus1 ,phradmon1 & ,cresilas1 made a wag] z to :o %\ld create ! mo/ beautiful ,amazon4 ,polycletus receiv$ ! prize1 s t we may conclude t he br\ght ?is /atue--! ideal ,amazon ( ! ,greeks--to its highe/ p]fection4 ,un=tunately1 we "k no?+ ( x1 except t x 0 ( bronze1 & /ood ) ! /atues ( ! o!r arti/s 9 ! temple ( ! ,ephesian ,artemis4 ,! ,amazon ( ,phidias1 we are told1 0 repres5t$ z lean+ on a spe>2 ,cresilas1 on ! o!r h&1 endeav\r$ to portray a w\nd$ ,amazon4 ,besides ^! /atues1 we he> a great deal ( ! ,amazon ( ,/rongylion1 celebrat$ = ! beauty ( h] legs1 :i* 0 9 ! possession ( ,n]o4 ,we /ill possess a consid]able numb] ( ,amazon /atues1 "s ( :i* are suppos$ to be imitations 9 m>ble ( ! r5[n$ /atue at ,ephesus4 ,!re are1 moreov]1 sev]al /atues ( w\nd$ ,amazons1 "s ( :i* are believ$ to be copies ( ! "w ( ,cresilas4 ,!re is also ano!r m>ble /atue1 consid]ably l>g] ?an life1 :i* takes a /ill high] rank4 ,x 0 orig9ally set up 9 ! ,villa ,mattei1 b s9ce ! "t ( ,clem5t ,,xiv4 x has be5 9 ! ,vatican collection4 ,x is app>5tly a repres5tation ( an ,amazon re/+ aft] battle2 %e is 9 ! act ( lay+ aside h] b[1 z %e has already done h] %ield1 battle-axe1 & helmet4 ,9 do+ s %e raises h]self slightly on h] left foot1 an attitude :i* is z *>m+ z x is natural4 ,la/ly1 we mu/ n omit to m5tion a /atue t has newly come into ! possession ( ! ,b]l9 ,museum1 :i* is suppos$ to be aft] a "w ( ,polycletus 7,fig4 #ee74 ,we mu/ n[ return to ! hi/ory ( ,bell]ophon4 ,aft] return+ 9 triumph f 8 exp$ition aga9/ ! ,amazons1 ! life ( ! "y h]o 0 once m attempt$ by ,iobates1 :o caus$ him to be surpris$ by an ambuscade4 ,bell]ophon1 h[ev]1 aga9 escap$1 slay+ all 8 assailants4 ,iobates n[ ceas$ f fur!r p]secution1 & gave him 8 daught] 9 m>riage1 & a %>e 9 ! k+dom ( ,lycia4 ,bell]ophon1 9 full possession ( p[] & ri*es1 & surr\nd$ by bloom+ *ildr51 seem$ to h rea*$ ! summit ( e>?ly prosp]ity1 :5 he 0 ov]tak5 by a griev\s *ange ( =tune4 ,he 0 seiz$ ) madness1 & w&]$ ab\t alone1 flee+ ! society ( m51 until he at l5g? p]i%$ mis]ably4 ,p9d> says t he incurr$ ! enmity ( ! gods by attempt+ to fly to heav5 on 8 w+$ horse ,pegasus2 :]eupon ,zeus s5t a gadfly to /+ ! horse4 ,pegasus ca/ (f ,bell]ophon1 & flew ( 8 own accord to ! /ables ( ,zeus1 ^: ?und]-*>iot he has ev] s9ce drawn4 ,! sad fate ( ,bell]ophon 0 ! subject ( a t\*+ trag$y ( ,euripides1 "s p>ts ( :i* are /ill 9 exi/5ce4 ,h]oic hon\rs 7 paid to ,bell]ophon 9 ,cor9?1 & he also _h a %r9e 9 ! celebrat$ cypress-grove ( ,poseidon4 #d4 ,argive ,leg5d4--#a4 ,io4--,! fir/ p]sonage :o meets u on ! v ?re%old ( ! my?ic age ( ,argos is ,ina*us1 ! god ( ! ,argive riv] ( t "n4 ,ina*us 0 v5]at$ by ! inhabitants z ! fir/ f\nd] ( ,argive civilisation aft] ! flood ( ,deucalion4 ,by 8 union ) ,melia1 ! daught] ( ,oceanus1 he became ! fa!r ( ,io1 fam$ = h] beauty1 ^: hi/ory1 :i* is ( great antiquity1 has be5 s greatly embelli%$ by ! poets & leg5d>y writ]s4 ,! foll[+ is ! sub/ance ( ! /ory3-- ,io 0 ! prie/ess ( ,h]a4 ,h] great beauty attract$ ! notice ( ,zeus4 ,on rem>k+ ?is1 ,h]a1 9 h] jeal\sy1 *ang$ ,io into a :ite heif]1 & set ! hundr$-ey$ ,argus ,panoptes 7! all-see+7 to wat* h]4 ,zeus1 h[ev]1 s5t ,h]mes to take away ! heif]4 ,h]mes fir/ lull$ ! gu>dian to sleep ) 8 w& & !n slew him1 :5ce he is call$ ,argiphontes 7slay] ( ,argus74 ,h]a av5g$ h]self by s5d+ a gadfly to torm5t ,io1 :o1 9 h] madness1 w&]$ ?r\gh ,europe & ,asia1 until %e at l5g? f\nd re/ 9 ,egypt1 :]e1 t\*$ by ! h& ( ,zeus1 %e recov]$ h] orig9al =m1 & gave bir? to a son4 ,?is son1 :o 0 call$ ,epaphus1 aft]w>ds became k+ ( ,egypt1 & built ,memphis4 ,! my?1 z we h already rem>k$1 has receiv$ _m embelli%m5ts1 = ! w&]+s ( ,io grew m & m ext5sive ) ! gr[? ( geographical k4 ,! true int]pretation ( ! my? is due to ,f4 ,w4 ,welck]1 ^: m]itori\s rese>*es 9 ,greek my?ology h prov$ ( su* great value4 ,io 7! w&]]7 is ! moon1 ^: app>5tly irregul> c\rse & tempor>y disappe>ance 0 consid]$ a mo/ curi\s ph5om5on by ! anci5ts4 ,! moon-goddess ( antiquity 0 v frequ5tly repres5t$ "u ! figure ( a heif]2 & ,isis h]self1 ! ,egyptian goddess ( ! moon1 0 always depict$ ) horns4 ,! gu>dian ( ! heif]1 ! hundr$-ey$ ,argus1 is a symbol ( ! />ry heav54 ,:e!r we see 9 ,h]mes ! dawn or ! morn+ breeze1 9 ei!r case ! slay+ ( ,argus w simply mean t ! />s become invisible at sunrise4 ,!re is no?+ extraord9>y 9 repres5t+ ! app>5t irregul>ity ( ! moon's c\rse1 inexplicable z x 0 to ! anci5ts1 "u ! guise ( m5tal disord]4 ,simil> repres5tations occur 9 ! /ories ( ! sol> h]oes1 ,bell]ophon & ,h]acles4 ,9 ! s\?-ea/--! direction 9 :i* ,egypt lay f ,greece--,io aga9 appe>s z full moon1 9 h] orig9al %ape4 #b4 ,danas & ! ,danads4--,accord+ to ! leg5d1 ,danas 0 a desc5dant ( ,io4 ,epaphus1 ! son ( ,io1 _h a daught] ,libya1 :o bore to ,poseidon two sons1 ,ag5or & ,belus4 ,! =m] reign$ ov] ,phnicia1 ! latt] ov] ,egypt4 ,belus1 by 8 union ) ,an*9o1 or ,a*iro1 ! daught] ( ! ,nile1 became ! fa!r ( gyptus & ,danas4 ,betwe5 ^! two bro!rs--! =m] ( :om _h fifty sons & ! latt] fifty daught]s--a deadly enmity arose2 ?is induc$ ,danas to migrate f ,egypt & seek ! old home ( 8 ance/ress ,io4 ,he emb>k$ ) 8 fifty daught]s 9 a %ip--! fir/ t 0 ev] built--& ?us came to ,argos1 :]e ,gelanor1 ! reign+ desc5dant ( ,ina*us1 resign$ ! cr[n 9 8 fav\r4 ,z k+ ( ,argos1 ,danas is said to h br\ght ! l&1 :i* suff]$ f want ( wat]1 to a high] /ate ( cultivation by wat]+ x ) wells & canals4 ,he is also said to h introduc$ ! wor%ip ( ,apollo & ,demet]4 ,! /ory proce$s to relate t ! fifty sons ( gyptus foll[$ _! uncle to ,argos1 & compell$ him to give !m 8 fifty daught]s 9 m>riage4 ,danas1 9 rev5ge1 gave ea* ( 8 daught]s on ! w$d+ day a dagg]1 & comm&$ !m to slay _! husb&s 9 ! night4 ,all obey$ 8 comm& except ,hyp]mne/ra1 :o sp>$ h] husb& ,lynceus1 & aft]w>ds ev5 succe$$1 ) ! assi/ance ( ,aphrodite1 9 effect+ 8 reconciliation ) h] fa!r4 ,lynceus succe$$ ,danas 9 ! k+dom1 & became1 by 8 son ,abas1 ! ance/or ( bo? ! great ,argive h]oes1 ,p]seus & ,h]acles4 ,at a lat] p]iod1 ! fable sprang up t ! ,danads 7 puni%$ = _! crimes 9 ! l[] _w by hav+ cont9ually to p\r wat] into a cask full ( holes4 ,x has be5 frequ5tly rem>k$ t ?is puni%m5t has no conceivable connection ) ! crime4 ,nei!r mu/ we =get t ! idea ( retribution 9 ! l[] _w 0 ( a comp>atively late date4 ,orig9ally1 too1 ! idea prevail$ t ! pursuits ( ! upp] _w 7 cont9u$ aft] dea? 9 ! realms ( ,hades4 ,& h]e9 lies ! key to ! int]pretation ( ! my?1 :i* is evid5tly connect$ ) ! irrigation ( ,argos ascrib$ to ,danas4 #c4 ,prtus & 8 ,daught]s4--,acrisius & ,prtus 7 tw9 sons ( ,abas1 ! son ( ,lynceus & ,hyp]mne/ra4 ,betwe5 ^! two bro!rs an implacable ho/ility exi/$1 :i* 0 said by ! poets to h comm5c$ ev5 9 _! "m's womb4 ,prtus receiv$1 z 8 %>e ( ! patrimony1 ! k+dom ( ,tiryns2 b he 0 subsequ5tly expell$ by 8 bro!r1 & took refuge at ! c\rt ( ,iobates1 k+ ( ,lycia4 ,iobates gave him 8 daught] ,antea1 or ,/h5eba1 9 m>riage1 & aft]w>ds re/or$ him to 8 k+dom ( ,tiryns4 ,prtus1 ) ! aid ( ! ,lycian workm5 :om he _h br\ght ) him 7,cyclopes71 built a /rong =tress1 :i* enabl$ him n only to ma9ta9 peaceable possession ( ,tiryns1 b also to ext5d 8 dom9ion z f> z ,cor9?4 ,! leg5d !n passes to ! hi/ory ( 8 ?ree daught]s1 ! ,prtides1 ^: pride 0 s excit$ by _! fa!r's greatness & _! own beauty t !y began to ?9k !mselves sup]ior to ! gods4 ,_! arrogance1 h[ev]1 0 soon puni%$1 = !y 7 visit$ ) a f\l disease & driv5 mad4 ,!y n[ fl$ ! society ( mank9d1 & w&]$ ab\t among ! m\nta9s & woods ( ,argos & ,arcadia4 ,at l5g? ,prtus succe$$ 9 procur+ ! s]vices ( ! celebrat$ soo?say] & purifi] ,melampus1 :o und]took ! purification & cure ( 8 daught]s4 ,x 0 report$ ( ,melampus t s]p5ts _h lick$ 8 e>s :il/ asleep1 & t he acquir$1 9 consequ5ce1 a k ( ! language ( birds4 ,he successfully accompli%$ ! cure ( ! ,prtides1 & receiv$1 z a rew>d1 ! h& ( ! pr9cess ,iphianassa1 9 addition to :i* bo? he & 8 bro!r ,bias receiv$ a %>e 9 ! sov]eignty ( ,tiryns4 ,?us x 0 t ! race ( ! ,amy?aonid1 :o all inh]it$ ! gift ( see+ into futurity1 & f :om ! celebrat$ soo?say] ,amphi>as himself 0 desc5d$1 came to ,argos4 #d4 ,p]seus4--,acrisius1 ! bro!r ( ,prtus1 _h a daught] call$ ,dana1 ^: =tune x 0 to ga9 ! love ( ! great rul] ( ,olympus4 ,h] fa!r1 ,acrisius1 0 induc$ by an oracle1 :i* =etold t he %\ld be kill$ by 8 own gr&son1 to immure ,dana 9 a subt]rane\s *amb]4 ,zeus1 h[ev]1 9 8 love = h]1 *ang$ himself into a %[] ( gold5 ra91 & ?us introduc$ himself ?r\gh ! ro( ( h] prison4 ,?us 0 ! god-l h]o ,p]seus born4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ?is my?1 too1 is f\nd$ on ! idea ( ! bridal union ( heav5 & e>?2 ?is is "o ( ! pictures ( nature :i* ! m9d mo/ readily =ms4 ,dana repres5ts ! c\ntry ( ,argos2 h] prison is ! heav51 envelop$1 dur+ ! gloomy mon?s ( w9t]1 ) ?ick cl\ds4 ,h] (fspr+ by ,zeus repres5ts ! light ( ! sun1 :i* returns 9 ! spr+-"t & beg9s1 l a v]itable h]o1 its conte/ ) ! p[]s ( dea? & d>kness4 ,! ,gorgon ,m$usa has ! same significance 9 ! hi/ory ( ,p]seus t ! hide\s ,py?on has 9 t ( ,apollo4 ,! leg5d !n proce$s to relate t ,acrisius1 hav+ he>d ( ! bir? ( 8 gr&son1 to av]t ! fate ?reat5$ by ! oracle1 ord]$ "m & *ild to be conf9$ 9 a *e/ & ca/ into ! sea4 ,b human wisdom avails n\ght aga9/ ! inevitable decrees ( heav54 ,! *e/ 0 ca/ by ! waves on ! rocky isl& ( ,s]iphus1 :]e x 0 f\nd by ! fi%]man ,dictys2 & ,dana & h] *ild 7 hospitably receiv$ & c>$ = by ,dictys & 8 bro!r ,polydectes1 ! rul] ( ! isl&4 ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 subsequ5tly wi%$ to m>ry ,dana1 & on h] reject+ 8 advances made h] a slave4 ,fe>+ ! v5geance ( ,p]seus1 he despat*$ him1 z soon z he 0 gr[n up1 on a mo/ p]il\s adv5ture4 ,?is 0 no o!r ?an to br+ him ! head ( ! ,gorgon ,m$usa--a t]rible w+$ woman1 :o dwelt ) h] two si/]s1 ! daught]s ( ,phorcys & ,ceto1 on ! f>!/ we/]n %ore ( ! e>?1 on ! bord] ( ,oceanus4 ,p]seus set out1 ?\gh he 0 9 ! greate/ p]plexity h[ to accompli% s p]il\s a task4 ,h]mes1 h[ev]1 at ?is juncture came to 8 aid2 & ,a!ne1 ! special patroness ( h]oes1 inspir$ him ) c\rage4 ,^! deities fir/ %[$ him h[ to procure ! necess>y means = accompli%+ 8 und]tak+1 :i* consi/$ ( an invisible helmet1 a magic wallet1 & a pair ( w+$ s&als4 ,all ^! 7 9 ! h&s ( ! ,nymphs1 by :om probably ! wat]-nymphs are meant4 ,! way to _! abode he c\ld only le>n f ! ,gr4 ,^! creatures1 :o 7 likewise ! daught]s ( ,phorcys & ,ceto1 7 report$ to h come into ! _w z old wom52 _! v appe>ance 0 appall+1 & !y _h b "o eye & "o too? betwe5 !m1 ( :i* !y made use 9 turn4 ,!y1 too1 dwelt on ! outskirts ( ! gloomy region inhabit$ by ! ,gorgons1 :5ce !y are call$ by s*ylus _! s5t9els4 ,"u ! guidance ( ,apollo & ,a!ne1 ,p]seus came to ! ,gr4 ,he !n robb$ !m ( _! "o eye & "o too?1 & ?us =c$ !m to tell him ! way to ! habitations ( ! ,nymphs4 ,f ! latt] he at once obta9$ ! objects he s\ght2 & hav+ donn$ 8 w+$ s&als1 he ha/5$ to ! abode ( ! ,gorgons1 :om he =tunately discov]$ asleep4 ,a!ne !n po9t$ out to him ,m$usa--! o!r two si/]s1 ,/h5o & ,euryale1 be+ immortal--& enjo9$ him to approa* !m c>efully backw>ds1 z ! sight ( _! faces w\ld infallibly turn any mortal into /one4 ,) ! help ( h] mirror-l %ield & ! sickle ( ,h]mes1 ,p]seus succe$$ 9 cutt+ (f ! head ( ,m$usa )\t look+ r\nd2 & hav+ plac$ ! head 9 8 wallet1 he ha/5$ away4 ,8 helmet1 :i* r5d]$ him invisible1 enabl$ him to escape ! pursuit ( ! o!r ,gorgons1 :o _h mean:ile awak$4 ,f ! trunk ( ,m$usa sprang ! w+$ horse ,pegasus1 & ,*rysaor1 ! fa!r ( ,g]yones4 ,on 8 return to ,s]iphus1 ,p]seus turn$ ! unrighte\s ,polydectes into /one by means ( ! ,gorgon's head1 :i* he !n pres5t$ to ,a!ne2 & aft] mak+ 8 b5efactor1 ,dictys1 k+ ( ! isl&1 he turn$ 8 /eps t[>ds 8 native place1 ,argos4 ,su* are ! ess5tial features ( ! my?--conc]n+ :i*1 9 spite ( its antiquity1 we h no e>li] s\rces ( in=mation--su* is ! orig9al framework on :i* 0 aft]w>ds built up ! hi/ory ( ! fur!r adv5tures ( ! h]o4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ ( ^! 0 ! rescue ( ,&rom$a1 :i* =m$ ! subject ( a drama ( ,euripides1 & 0 also highly popul> among arti/s & poets4 ,! foll[+ is a brief acc\nt ( ?is exploit3--,cassiopea1 ! wife ( ,cepheus1 k+ ( ?iopia1 v5tur$ to extol h] own beauty above t ( ! ,n]eids1 :o !reupon bes\ght ,poseidon to av5ge !m4 ,he grant$ _! reque/1 & n only ov]:elm$ ! l& ) disa/r\s floods1 b s5t also a t]rible sea-mon/]1 :i* dev\r$ bo? man & bea/4 ,! oracle ( ,ammon decl>$ t ! l& c\ld only be sav$ by ! sacrifice ( ! k+'s daught]1 ,&rom$a1 to ! mon/]4 ,cepheus1 aft] "s "t1 yield$ to ! entreaties ( 8 p1 & ,&rom$a 0 *a9$ to a rock close to ! sea4 ,9 ?is situation %e 0 f\nd by ,p]seus1 on 8 return f 8 adv5ture ) ! ,gorgons4 ,he =?) attack$ & slew ! sea-mon/]1 & releas$ ! trembl+ maid51 :o soon aft] m>ri$ h] pres]v]4 ,lat] writ]s1 n satisfi$ ) ?is adv5ture1 add$ t ,p]seus 0 also oblig$ to vanqui% a rival 9 ,ph9eus1 ! k+'s bro!r1 to :om ,&rom$a _h be5 already promis$4 ,ph9eus1 toge!r ) 8 w>riors1 0 *ang$ into /one by means ( ! ,gorgon's head4 ,! leg5d concludes ) ! return ( ! h]o to ,argos1 :]e he 0 reconcil$ to 8 gr&fa!r ,acrisius1 :o _h at fir/ fl$ 9 t]ror to ,l>issa4 ,on ! occasion1 h[ev]1 ( "s games :i* ! p ( ,l>issa _h in/itut$ 9 8 hon\r1 ,p]seus 0 un=tunate en\gh to kill ,acrisius ) 8 discus1 ?us involunt>ily fulfill+ ! prophecy ( ! oracle4 ,9 ?is feature ( ! /ory we recognise an unmi/akeable ref]5ce to ! symbolic mean+ ( ,p]seus2 = ! discus "h repres5ts1 z 9 ! /ory ( ! dea? ( ,hyac9?us1 ! face ( ! sun4 ,p]seus1 unwill+ to ent] on ! inh]itance ( ! gr&fa!r he _h sla91 ex*ang$ ! k+dom ( ,argos = t ( ,tiryns1 :i* 0 h&$ ov] to him by its k+1 ,megap5!s1 ! son ( ,prtus4 ,he "h f\nd$ ! cities ( ,midea & ,myc51 & became1 ?r\gh 8 *ildr5 by ,&rom$a1 ! ance/or ( _m h]oes1 &1 among o!rs1 ( ,h]acles4 ,8 son ,electryon became ! fa!r ( ,alcm5e1 :il/ ,amphitryon 0 desc5d$ f ano!r ( 8 sons4 ,accord+ to ,pausanias1 h]oic hon\rs 7 paid to ,p]seus1 n only ?r\gh\t ,argos1 b also 9 ,a!ns & ! isl& ( ,s]iphus4 ,p]seus occupies a prom95t position 9 ,greek art4 ,8 common attributes are ! w+$ s&als1 ! sickle :i* he made use ( to slay ,m$usa1 & ! helmet ( ,hades4 ,9 bodily =m1 z well z 9 co/ume1 he appe>s v l ,h]mes4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ef4--,p]seus & ,&rom$a4 ,m>ble ,relief 9 ! ,museum at ,naples4 ,among ! art monum5ts :i* relate to 8 adv5tures is a m>ble relief f ! ,villa ,pamfili1 n[ 9 ! ,capitol9e ,museum at ,rome1 depict+ ! rescue ( ,&rom$a4 ,! sea-mon/] lies dead at ! feet ( ,p]seus1 :o is assi/+ ! joyful ,&rom$a to desc5d f ! rock4 ,! attitude & expression ( bo? figures are v /rik+3 on ! "o side1 maid5ly mode/y2 on ! o!r1 pr\d self-reliance4 ,x is wor? rem>k+ t ,p]seus1 9 addition to 8 w+$ %oes1 has also w+s on 8 head4 ,! same conception is p]ceptible1 ) a few m9or po9ts ( diff]5ce1 9 sev]al ,pompeian pa9t+s1 & on a m>ble relief ( ! ,naples ,museum 7,fig4 #ef74 ,repres5tations ( ,m$usa are mo/ly conf9$ to masks1 :i* are (t5 f\nd on coats ( mail1 %ields1 leaves ( fold+ doors1 & in/rum5ts ( all k9ds4 ,!re are two types1 repres5t+ an e>li] & a lat] conception ( ,m$usa4 ,e>li] art set itself to depict ! horrible only 9 ! head ( ,m$usa2 & arti/s1 !re=e1 /rove to imp>t to ! face z /rong an expression ( rage & f]ocity z 0 possible1 repres5t+ h] ) tongue loll+ =?1 & bo>-l tusks4 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k t1 9 ! e>li] examples ( ^! masks--:i* are frequ5tly met ) on co9s1 gems1 & pott]y--! hair g5]ally falls /iff & /raight ov] ! =ehead1 s]v+ to r5d] ! horrible bread? ( ! face /ill m /rik+1 :ile ! snakes appe> to be fa/5$ r\nd ! neck l a necklace4 ,v diff]5t is ! conception adopt$ by ! lat] & m s5su\s s*ool4 ,?is lab\r$ pr9cipally to give expression to ! gradual ebb+ away ( life 9 ! c\nt5ance ( ! dy+ ,gorgon1 an effect :i* 0 r5d]$ /ill m /rik+ by trans=m+ ! hide\s ,gorgon face ( e>li] times into an ideal ( ! mo/ p]fect beauty4 ,! mo/ spl5did example ( ?is lat] conception1 :i* _h be5 creep+ 9 s9ce ! age ( ,praxiteles1 is to be f\nd 9 ! ,m$usa ,rondan9i ( ! ,muni* collection--a m>ble mask ( mo/ beautiful workman%ip1 :i* 0 br\ght f ! ,rondan9i ,palace at ,rome 7,fig4 #eg74 ,?is ,m$usa1 l _m o!rs ( ! lat] type1 has w+s on ! head4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eg4--,rondan9i ,m$usa4 ,muni*4 #e4 ,! ,dioscuri4--,on pass+ to ,laconia & ,mess5ia1 ! s\!rn di/ricts ( ! ,peloponnesus1 we come 9 contact ) ! leg5d ( ! ,dioscuri4 ,tynd>es & 8 bro!r ,ic>ius 7 said to h f\nd$ ! mo/ anci5t sov]eignty 9 ,lac$mon4 ,!y 7 driv5 !nce1 h[ev]1 by _! half-bro!r ,hippocon1 & 7 k9dly receiv$ by ,!/ius1 ! rul] ( ! anci5t city ( ,pleuron 9 tolia1 :o gave ,tynd>es 8 daught] ,l$a 9 m>riage4 ,ic>ius receiv$ ! h& ( ,polyca/e1 :o bore him ,p5elope--aft]w>ds ! wife ( ,odysseus2 :ile ,l$a 0 ! "m ( ! ,dioscuri1 ,ca/or & ,polydeuces 7,pollux74 ,tynd>es 0 aft]w>ds re9/at$ 9 8 ,lac$monian k+dom at ,amycl by ,h]acles4 ,besides ^! two sons1 ,l$a _h also two daught]s1 ,clytmne/ra & ,hel5e 7,hel571 :o are celebrat$ 9 connection ) ! ,trojan w>4 ,an anci5t leg5d also exi/$ to ! effect t ,l$a _h be5 belov$ by ,zeus1 :o _h approa*$ h] "u ! guise ( a swan4 ,! greate/ incongruity prevails z to :i* ( ! *ildr5 c\ld claim a div9e orig94 ,9 ,hom]1 ,hel5 alone is repres5t$ z ! daught] ( ,zeus2 :ile ,clytmne/ra1 toge!r ) ,ca/or & ,polydeuces1 appe> z ! *ildr5 ( ,tynd>es4 ,at a subsequ5t p]iod1 ! "n ( 8,dioscuri0 7sons ( ,zeus7 & a belief 9 _! div9e orig9 arose simultane\sly4 ,lat] /ill1 ,ca/or 0 repres5t$ z a mortal1 & ! son ( ,tynd>es2 & ,polydeuces z immortal1 & ! son ( ,zeus4 ,aft] ,ca/or1 h[ev]1 _h fall5 9 ! conte/ ) ! sons ( ,aph>eus1 8 bro!r ,polydeuces1 unwill+ to "p f him1 prevail$ on ,zeus to all[ !m to rema9 toge!r1 on condition ( _! sp5d+ "o day 9 ,olympus & ! next 9 ,hades4 ,!y ?us l$ a life divid$ betwe5 mortality & immortality4 ,! foll[+ is an acc\nt ( _! h]oic de$s3--,on atta9+ manhood1 ,ca/or di/+ui%$ himself by 8 skill 9 ! managem5t ( horses2 :il/ ,polydeuces became r5[n$ z a skilful box]1 ?\gh he too _h skill 9 rid+4 ,!y fir/ made w> on ,!seus1 :o _h c>ri$ (f _! si/] ,hel51 !n t5 ye>s old1 & set h] free by ! conque/ ( ,aphidn4 ,!y next took "p 9 ! exp$ition ( ! ,argonauts1 9 :i* ,polydeuces ga9$ /ill fur!r r5[n by 8 victory ) ! ce/us ov] ! celebrat$ box] ,amycus4 ,!y 7 also pres5t at ! ,calydonian bo> hunt4 ,_! la/ und]tak+ 0 ! rape ( ! daught]s ( ,leucippus1 k+ ( ,mess5ia4 ,?is 0 ! cause ( _! combat ) _! c\s9s ,idas & ,lynceus1 ! sons ( ,aph>eus1 to :om ! damsels _h be5 betro!d4 ,accord+ to o!rs1 h[ev]1 x sprang f a qu>rel z to ! division ( "s booty t !y _h c>ri$ (f toge!r4 ,ca/or 0 sla9 by ,idas1 :]eupon ,polydeuces 9 8 wra? slew ,lynceus1 :ile ,idas himself 0 ov]:elm$ by a ?und]bolt f ,zeus4 ,! int]pretation ( ?is my? is by no means void ( difficulty4 ,x is commonly suppos$ t !y 7 anci5t ,peloponnesian div9ities ( light1 :o1 aft] ! ,dorian invasion1 7 degrad$ to ! rank ( h]oes4 ,!y are (t5 int]pret$ z p]sonifications ( ! morn+ & ev5+ />1 or ( ! twilight 7dawn & dusk74 ,?is view di$ out aft] ! second deification t !y und]w5t4 ,!y 7 v5]at$1 n only 9 _! native ,sp>ta1 b ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ,greece1 z k9dly1 b5efic5t deities1 ^: aid might be invok$ ei!r 9 battle or 9 ! dang]s ( %ipwreck4 ,9 ?is latt] "* !y are laud$ by an ,hom]ic hymn1 9 :i* !y are repres5t$ z d>t+ ?r\gh ! air on _! gold5 w+s1 9 ord] to calm ! /orm at ! pray] ( ! t]ror-/rick5 m>9]4 ,x has (t5 be5 rem>k$1 & ) a great appe>ance ( tru?1 t ^! ,dioscuri flitt+ ab\t on _! gold5 w+s are probably no?+ m ?an :at is commonly call$ ,/4 ,elmo's fire--an electric flame :i*1 is (t5 se5 play+ r\nd ! tops ( ! ma/s dur+ a /orm1 & :i* is reg>d$ by ! sailors z a sign ( its spe$y abatem5t2 inde$ ! "n ,elmo has be5 suppos$ a corruption ( ,hel5e4 ,9 ,sp>ta1 ! ,dioscuri 7 reg>d$ z ! tutel>y deities ( ! /ate1 z well z an example ( w>like val\r = ! y\? ( ! c\ntry4 ,_! %r9es "h 7 v num]\s4 ,_! anci5t symbol1 :i* ! ,sp>tans always took ) !m on a campaign1 consi/$ ( two p>allel beams jo9$ by cross-b>s4 ,!y _h o!r fe/ivals & temples besides ^? ( ,sp>ta2 9 ,mant9ea1 = in/ance1 :]e an et]nal fire 0 kept burn+ 9 _! hon\r2 also 9 ,a!ns1 :]e !y 7 v5]at$ "u ! appellation ( ,anaces4 ,_! fe/ival 0 "h celebrat$ ) horse-rac+4 ,! ,olympic games also /ood "u _! special protection1 & _! images 7 set up 9 all ! pal/ra4 ,!y 71 9 fact1 ev]y:]e reg>d$ z extremely b5evol5t & sociable deities1 :o fo/] all t is noble & beautiful among m54 ,! ,dioscuri 7 believ$ to h assi/$ ! ,romans aga9/ ! ,lat9s at ! ,lake ,regillus2 & ! dictator1 ,a4 ,po/umius1 v[$ a temple to !m1 :i* 0 erect$ 9 ! ,=um1 opposite ! temple ( ,ve/a4 ,9 commemoration ( ?is aid1 ! ,equites made a solemn procession f ! temple ( ,honos1 pa/ ! temple ( ! ,dioscuri1 to ! ,capitol e ye> on ! ,ides ( ,july4 ,9 art ! ,dioscuri are repres5t$ z h]oic y\?s ( noble mi5 & slim b p[]ful =ms4 ,_! *>act]i/ic m>ks are conical caps1 ! po9ts ( :i* are adorn$ ) a />4 ,!y g5]ally appe> nude1 or clo!d only ) a light *lamys1 & ne>ly always 9 connection ) _! horses1 ei!r rid+1 /&+ by & hold+ !m1 or lead+ !m by ! bridle4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ repres5tation ( ! ,dioscuri t has come d[n to u f antiquity consi/s ( ! m>ble /atues call$ ! ,colossi ( ,monte ,cavallo1 9 ,rome4 ,^! are eighte5 feet 9 height1 & ! proportions ( ! figures1 toge!r ) ^? ( ! horses1 are exquisite4 ,!y are set up on ! ,quir9al1 :i* has receiv$ f !m ! "n ( ,monte ,cavallo4 ,!y are n1 inde$1 orig9al works1 b are probably imitations ( bronzes ( ! mo/ fl\ri%+ p]iod ( ,greek art1 execut$ 9 ! "t ( ,augu/us4 #f4 ,h]acles 7,h]cules74--,( all ! my?s ( ! c\ntries orig9ally inhabit$ by ! olians ! my? ( ,h]acles is ! mo/ glori\s4 ,?is h]o1 ?\gh 8 fame 0 *iefly dissem9at$ by means ( ! ,dorians1 0 yet by bir? ! common prop]ty ( ! olian race--_! national h]o1 9 fact1 j z he aft]w>ds became ! national h]o ( ! :ole ( ,greece4 ,no o!r ,greek my? has receiv$ s _m subsequ5t additions--n only f native1 b also f =eign s\rces--z ?is2 :i* is1 9 consequ5ce1 ! mo/ ext5sive & complicat$ ( all ,greek my?s4 ,we %all1 !re=e1 h to conf9e ourselves to ! consid]ation ( its mo/ *>act]i/ic features1 & ^? :i* are ! mo/ important 9 ! hi/ory ( art4 ,9 ,hom]1 :o is "h aga9 our mo/ anci5t au?ority1 ! lead+ features ( ! my? are trac$--! enmity ( ,h]a t[>ds ! h]o2 8 p]iod ( subjection to ,eury/heus1 & ! lab\rs by :i* he emancipat$ himself 7?\gh special m5tion is made only ( 8 seizure ( ,c]b]us72 8 exp$itions aga9/ ,pylus1 ,ephyra1 *alia1 & ,troy4 ,! v]ses 9 ! ,odyssey 7xi4 #fjb-d71 :i* ref] to 8 deification & subsequ5t m>riage ) ,hebe1 are probably a lat] ins]tion4 ,9 ! ,iliad1 ,h]acles is spok5 ( z a great h]o ( old5 "t1 8:om ! ,fates & ! griev\s wra? ( ,h]a subdu$40 ,9 ,hom]1 too1 he appe>s z a purely ,grecian h]o1 8 w>like und]tak+s hav+ nev] yet l$ him beyond ,troy1 & 8 arm\r diff]+ 9 no respect f t ( o!r h]oes4 ,! description ( him 9 ,hesiod's ,!ogony & 9 ! ,%ield ( ,h]acles is some:at m m9ute1 b is o!rwise ess5tially ! same4 ,f :at s\rce ! deification ( ,h]acles sprang--:e!r x 0 due to ,phnician influ5ces or n--has hi!rto rema9$ an undet]m9$ "q2 we only "k t x appe>s z an accompli%$ fact ab\t #gjj ,b4,c4 ,i4 ,,! ,,bir? ,,& ,,y\? ,,( ,,h]acles4--,?is portion ( ! leg5d f\nd its *ief developm5t 9 ,botia4 ,amphitryon1 a son ( ,alcu & gr&son ( ,p]seus1 0 compell$ to flee f ,tiryns ) 8 betro!d ,alcm5e--likewise a desc5dant ( ,p]seus by h] fa!r ,electryon--on acc\nt ( a murd]1 & f\nd an asylum at ! c\rt ( ,creon1 k+ ( ,!bes4 ,f ?is place he und]took an exp$ition aga9/ ! robb] tribes ( ! ,telebo 7,taphians71 9 consequ5ce ( a promise made to ,alcm5e1 ^: bro!r !y _h sla94 ,aft] ! successful t]m9ation ( ?is exp$ition1 ! m>riage 0 to h be5 celebrat$ at ,!bes4 ,b1 9 ! mean:ile1 ! great rul] ( ,olympus himself _h be5 smitt5 ) ! *>ms ( ,alcm5e1 &1 tak+ ! =m ( ! abs5t ,amphitryon1 _h left h] pregnant ) ,h]acles1 to :om %e aft]w>ds gave bir? at ! same "t ) ,iphicles1 ! son ( ,amphitryon4 ,! sov]eignty ov] all ! desc5dants ( ,p]seus1 :i* ,zeus _h de/9$ = ,h]acles1 0 snat*$ f him by ! crafty jeal\sy ( ,h]a1 :o prolong$ ! pa9s ( ,alcm5e & ha/5$ ! deliv]y ( ! wife ( ,/h5elus1 ! uncle ( ,amphitryon1 by two mon?s4 ,n cont5t ) hav+ subject$ ! h]o to ! w ( ! weak & c[>dly ,eury/heus1 ,h]a1 accord+ to a subsequ5t acc\nt ( ! poets1 s5t two s]p5ts to kill ! *ild :5 he 0 ab\t eight mon?s old4 ,h]acles1 h[ev]1 gave ! fir/ pro( ( 8 div9e orig9 by /rangl+ ! s]p5ts ) 8 h&s4 ,an acc\nt ( ?is sc5e has desc5d$ to u 9 a beautiful poem ( ,p9d>4 ,9 ,!bes1 ! boy grew up & 0 put "u ! c>e ( ! be/ preceptors4 ,b1 ?\gh he excell$ 9 e feat ( /r5g? & val\r1 he made no progress 9 musical arts1 & ev5 slew 8 ma/] ,l9us on acc\nt ( a some:at h>% repro( :i* 8 inaptitude entail$ on him4 ,z a puni%m5t1 ,amphitryon s5t him to ,m\nt ,ci?ron to m9d ! flocks1 a mode ( life :i* ,h]acles cont9u$ until he _h complet$ 8 eighte5? ye>4 ,x 0 to ?is p]iod t ! sophi/ ,prodicus1 a contempor>y ( ,socrates1 ref]r$ 8 beautiful allegory ( ! ,*oice ( ,h]acles4 ,aft] atta9+ 8 full gr[? 7accord+ to ,apollodorus he 0 f\r cubits 9 height7 & /r5g?1 ! "y h]o p]=m$ 8 fir/ great feat by kill+ ! lion ( ,ci?ron4 ,:e!r x 0 ?is sk9 or t ( ! ,nemean lion :i* he aft]w>ds us$ z a g>m5t is n c]ta94 ,8 next act 0 to free ! ,!bans f ! ignom9i\s tribute :i* !y 7 compell$ to pay to ,erg9us1 k+ ( ,or*om5us1 by a successful exp$ition1 9 :i* ,amphitryon1 h[ev]1 lo/ 8 life4 ,creon1 ! k+ ( ,!bes1 9 gratitude gave ! h]o 8 daught] ,meg>a 9 m>riage1 :ile ,iphicles m>ri$ h] si/]4 ,,ii4 ,,h]acles ,,9 ,,! ,,s]vice ,,( ,,eury/heus--,,! ,,twelve ,,lab\rs4--,we n[ come to ! second epo* 9 ! life ( ! h]o1 9 :i* he p]=m$ v>i\s lab\rs at ! bidd+ ( ,eury/heus1 k+ ( ,myc5 or ,tiryns4 ,! numb] ( ^! 0 fir/ fix$ at twelve 9 ! ,alex&rian age1 :5 ,h]acles 0 id5tifi$ ) ! ,phnician sun-god1 ,baal2 probably f ! analogy af=d$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! sun ?r\gh ! twelve signs ( ! ,zodiac4 ,! subjection ( ,h]acles to 8 unmanly c\s9 ,eury/heus is g5]ally repres5t$ z a consequ5ce ( ! /ratagem by :i* ,h]a obta9$ = ! latt] ! sov]eignty ov] all ! desc5dants ( ,p]seus4 ,at a lat] p]iod ,h]acles 0 said to h become insane1 9 consequ5ce ( ! summons ( ,eury/heus to d 8 bidd+4 ,! foll[+ is an acc\nt ( ! lab\rs ( ,h]acles3-- #a4 ,! ,fight ) ! ,nemean ,lion4--,! di/rict ( ,nemea & ,cleon 0 inhabit$ by a mon/r\s lion1 ! (fspr+ ( ,typhon & ,e*idna1 ^: sk9 bade defiance to e weapon4 ,h]acles1 aft] us+ 8 arr[s & club aga9/ ! animal 9 va91 at la/ drove x into a cave1 & !re /rangl$ x ) 8 h&s4 ,he aft]w>ds us$ ! head ( ! lion z a helmet1 & ! imp5etrable sk9 z a def5ce4 #b4 ,! ,l]nan ,hydra4--,?is 0 a great wat]-s]p5t1 likewise ! (fspr+ ( ,typhon & ,e*idna4 ,! numb] ( its heads v>ies 9 ! acc\nts ( poets1 ?\gh anci5t gems usually repres5t x ) sev54 ,x ravag$ ! c\ntry ( ,l]na 9 ,argolis1 de/roy+ bo? m5 & bea/s4 ,9 ?is adv5ture ,h]acles 0 accompani$ by ,iolas1 ! son ( 8 bro!r ,iphicles1 :o1 on ?is z on o!r occasions1 appe>s z 8 fai?ful companion4 ,aft] driv+ ! mon/] f its lair by means ( 8 arr[s1 he advanc$ fe>lessly1 &1 seiz+ x 9 8 h&s1 began to /rike (f its heads ) 8 sword4 ,to 8 amazem5t1 9 ! place ( ea* head he /ruck (f two sprang up4 ,he !n ord]$ ,iolas to set on fire a neighb\r+ wood1 & ) ! firebr&s se>$ ! ?roats ( ! s]p5t1 until he at l5g? succe$$ 9 slay+ x4 ,he !n dipp$ 8 arr[s 9 its gall1 ?us r5d]+ ! w\nds inflict$ by !m incurable4 #c4 ,! ,eryman?ian ,bo>4--,?is animal inhabit$ ! m\nta9 di/rict ( ,eryman?us 9 ,arcadia1 f :i* place x wa/$ ! corn-fields ( ,psophis4 ,h]acles drove ! bo> up to ! sn[-cov]$ summit ( ! m\nta91 & !n caught x alive1 z ,eury/heus _h comm&$ him4 ,:5 he arriv$ at ,myc5 ) ! t]rible bea/ on 8 back1 ,eury/heus 0 s t]rifi$ t he hid himself 9 a vessel4 ,?is comic sc5e is frequ5tly depict$ on vases4 ,x 0 on ?is occasion t ,h]acles de/roy$ ! ,c5taurs4 ,on ! road ! h]o1 hungry & ?ir/y1 0 hospitably receiv$ by ! fri5dly ,c5taur ,pholus1 :o holds ! same place among ! ,arcadian ,c5taurs z ,*iron does among ^? ( ,!ssaly4 ,pholus broa*$1 9 hon\r ( 8 gue/1 a cask ( w9e ly+ 9 8 cave1 :i* 0 ! common prop]ty ( all ! ,c5taurs4 ,! fragrance ( ! w9e attract$ ! o!r ,c5taurs liv+ on ,m\nt ,pholo1 & !y imm$iately attack$ ! tippl+ h]o ) pieces ( rock & trunks ( trees4 ,h]acles1 h[ev]1 drove !m back ) arr[s & firebr&s1 & completely vanqui%$ !m aft] a t]rible fight4 ,on return+ to ! cave ( ,pholus1 he f\nd 8 fri5d dead4 ,he _h drawn an arr[ out ( a dead body to exam9e x1 b accid5tally let x fall on 8 foot1 f ! w\nd ( :i* he di$4 #d4 ,! ,h9d ( ,c]ynea4--,?is animal1 :i* 0 sacr$ to ! ,arcadian ,artemis1 _h gold5 horns & braz5 ho(s1 ! latt] be+ a symbol ( its untir+ fleetness4 ,h]acles 0 comm&$ to br+ x alive to ,myc51 & = a :ole ye> he cont9u$ to pursue x ov] hill & dale ) untir+ en]gy4 ,at l5g? x return$ to ,arcadia1 :]e he succe$$ 9 captur+ x on ! banks ( ! ,ladon1 & bore x 9 triumph to ,myc54 #e4 ,! ,/ymphalian ,birds4--,^! voraci\s birds1 :i* f$ on human fle%1 _h braz5 claws1 w+s1 & beaks1 & 7 able to %oot out _! fea!rs l arr[s4 ,!y inhabit$ ! di/rict r\nd ,lake ,/ymphalis 9 ,arcadia4 ,h]acles slew "s1 & s t]rifi$ ! re/ by means ( 8 braz5 rattle t !y nev] return$4 ,?is latt] circum/ance is app>5tly an addition ( lat] times1 to expla9 _! reappe>ance 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,argonauts4 #f4 ,cleans+ ( ! ,/ables ( ,augeas4--,! six? task ( ,h]acles 0 to cleanse 9 "o day ! /ables ( ,augeas1 k+ ( ,elis1 ^: weal? 9 cattle _h become prov]bial4 ,h]acles repair$ to ,elis1 :]e he (f]$ to cleanse ! /ables1 9 :i* 7 ?ree ?\s& ox51 if ! k+ w\ld cons5t to give him a t5? "p ( ! cattle4 ,augeas agre$ to d s2 ,h]acles !n turn$ ! c\rse ( ! ,p5eus or ! ,alpheus1 or1 accord+ to "s1 ( bo? riv]s1 ?r\gh ! /alls1 & ?us c>ri$ (f ! fil?4 ,augeas1 h[ev]1 on le>n+ t ,h]acles _h und]tak5 ! lab\r at ! comm& ( ,eury/heus1 refus$ to give him ! /ipulat$ rew>d1 a brea* ( fai? = :i* ,h]acles1 lat]1 took t]rible v5geance on ! k+4 #g4 ,! ,cretan ,bull4--,9 ! hi/ory ( ,m9os1 k+ ( ,crete1 we f9d t ,poseidon once s5t up a bull out ( ! sea = ,m9os to sacrifice1 b t ,m9os 0 induc$ by ! beauty ( ! animal to place x among 8 own h]ds1 & sacrific$ ano!r 9 its /ead2 :]eupon ,poseidon drove ! bull mad4 ,! sev5? lab\r ( ,h]acles consi/$ 9 captur+ ?is bull & br++ x to ,myc54 ,x 0 aft]w>ds set free by ,eury/heus1 & appe>s lat]1 9 ! /ory ( ,!seus1 z ! bull ( ,m>a?on4 #h4 ,! ,m>es ( ,diom$es4--,diom$es 0 k+ ( ! ,bi/ones1 a w>like tribe ( ,?race4 ,he inhumanly caus$ all /rang]s ca/ ^u 8 coa/s to be giv5 to 8 wild m>es1 :o f$ on human fle%4 ,to b9d ^! horses & br+ !m alive to ,myc5 0 ! next task ( ,h]acles4 ,?is1 too1 he successfully accompli%$1 aft] inflict+ on ,diom$es ! same fate to :i* he _h condemn$ s _m o!rs4 #i4 ,! ,girdle ( ,hippolyte4--,admete1 ! daught] ( ,eury/heus1 0 anxi\s to obta9 ! girdle :i* ! que5 ( ! ,amazons _h receiv$ f ,ares2 & ,h]acles 0 accord+ly despat*$ to fet* x4 ,aft] v>i\s adv5tures he l&$ 9 ,!miscyra1 & 0 at fir/ k9dly receiv$ by ,hippolyte1 :o 0 will+ to give him ! girdle4 ,b ,h]a1 9 ! guise ( an ,amazon1 spread a report t ,h]acles 0 ab\t to c>ry (f ! que51 ^u :i* ! ,amazons attack$ ,h]acles & 8 foll[]s4 ,9 ! battle :i* ensu$ ,hippolyte 0 kill$1 & ! h]o1 aft] secur+ ! girdle1 dep>t$4 ,on 8 j\rney homew>ds occurr$ 8 celebrat$ adv5ture ) ,hesione1 ! daught] ( ,laom$on1 k+ ( ,troy4 ,?is k+ _h refus$ ,poseidon & ,apollo ! rew>ds he _h promis$ !m = _! assi/ance 9 build+ ! walls ( ,troy4 ,9 consequ5ce ( 8 p]fidy1 ,apollo visit$ ! c\ntry ) a pe/il5ce1 & ,poseidon s5t a sea-mon/]1 :i* deva/at$ ! l& f> & wide4 ,by ! advice ( ! oracle1 ,hesione1 ! k+'s daught]1 0 expos$ to be dev\r$ by ! animal4 ,h]acles (f]$ to de/roy ! mon/]1 if ,laom$on w\ld give him ! horses :i* 8 fa!r ,tros _h receiv$ z a comp5sation = ! loss ( ,ganym$es4 ,laom$on agre$1 & ,h]acles !n slew ! mon/]4 ,laom$on1 h[ev]1 aga9 prov$ false to 8 ^w1 & ,h]acles1 ) a ?reat ( future v5geance1 dep>t$4 #aj4 ,! ,ox5 ( ,g]yones4--,! next task ( ,h]acles 0 to fet* ! cattle ( ! ?ree-head$ w+$ giant ,g]yones1 or ,g]yoneus 7,g]yon74 ,?is mon/] 0 ! (fspr+ ( ,*rysaor 7r$ slay]7 & ,callirrho 7fair-fl[+71 an ,oceanid1 & inhabit$ ! isl& ( ,ery?ia1 9 ! f> ,we/1 9 ! region ( ! sett+ sun1 :]e he _h a h]d ( ! f9e/ & fatte/ cattle4 ,x 0 only natural t ,h]acles1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 long j\rney to ,ery?ia & back1 %\ld meet ) num]\s adv5tures2 & ?is exp$ition has1 accord+ly1 be5 m ri*ly embelli%$ ?an any o!r by ! imag9ation ( ! poets4 ,he is g5]ally suppos$ to h pass$ ?r\gh ,libya1 & to h sail$ !nce to ,ery?ia 9 a gold5 boat1 :i* he =c$ ,helios 7! sun7 to l5d him by %oot+ at him ) 8 arr[s4 ,hav+ arriv$ 9 ,ery?ia1 he fir/ slew ! h]dsman :o 0 m9d+ ! ox51 toge!r ) 8 dog4 ,he 0 !n proce$+ to drive (f ! cattle1 :5 he 0 ov]tak5 by ,g]yon4 ,a viol5t conte/ ensu$1 9 :i* ! ?ree-head$ mon/] 0 at l5g? vanqui%$ by ! arr[s ( ! mighty h]o4 ,h]acles is !n suppos$ to h recross$ ! ocean 9 ! boat ( ! sun1 &1 />t+ f ,t>tessus1 to h j\rney$ on foot ?r\gh ,ib]ia1 ,gaul1 & ,italy4 ,we pass ov] 8 conte/s ) ! ,celts & ,ligurians1 & only notice briefly 8 victory ov] ! giant ,cacus1 m5tion$ by ,livy1 :i* took place 9 ! di/rict :]e ,rome 0 aft]w>ds built1 because ,roman leg5d connect$ ) ?is ! introduction ( ! wor%ip ( ,h]cules into ,italy4 ,at l5g?1 aft] _m adv5tures1 he arriv$ at ,myc51 :]e ,eury/heus sacrific$ ! ox5 to ! ,argive goddess ,h]a4 ,h]acles has n[ complet$ t5 ( 8 lab\rs1 b ,eury/heus1 z ,apollodorus relates1 refus$ to admit ! de/ruction ( ! ,l]nan ,hydra1 because on t occasion ,h]acles _h avail$ himself ( ! help ( ,iolas1 or ! cleans+ ( ! /ables ( ,augeas1 because ( ! rew>d = :i* he _h /ipulat$2 s t ! h]o 0 compell$ to und]take two m4 ,?is acc\nt does n1 h[ev]1 h>monise ) ! tradition ( ! response ( ! oracle1 9 def]5ce to :i* ,h]acles surr5d]$ himself to s]vitude1 & :i* (f]$ ! prospect ( twelve lab\rs f ! fir/4 #aa4 ,! ,apples ( ! ,hesp]ides4--,?is adv5ture has be5 ev5 m embelli%$ ) lat] & =eign additions ?an ! la/4 ,! gold5 apples1 :i* 7 "u ! gu>dian%ip ( ! ,hesp]ides1 or nymphs ( ! we/1 con/itut$ ! m>riage pres5t :i* ,h]a _h receiv$ f ,ga on ! occasion ( h] m>riage ) ,zeus4 ,!y 7 closely gu>d$ by ! t]rible dragon ,ladon1 :o1 l all mon/]s1 0 ! (fspr+ ( ,typhon & ,e*idna4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 f> less emb>rass+ to ! h]o ?an 8 total ignorance ( ! site ( ! g>d5 ( ! ,hesp]ides1 :i* l$ him to make sev]al fruitless ef=ts be=e he succe$$ 9 rea*+ ! desir$ spot4 ,8 fir/ object 0 to ga9 in=mation z to ! situation ( ! g>d51 & = ?is purpose he j\rney$ ?r\gh ,illyria to ! ,eridanus 7,po71 9 ord] to inquire ! way ( ! nymphs :o dwelt on ?is riv]4 ,by !m he 0 ref]r$ to ! trea*]\s sage ,n]eus1 :om he manag$ to seize :il/ asleep1 & refus$ to release until he _h obta9$ ! desir$ in=mation4 ,h]acles !n proce$$ by way ( ,t>tessus to ,libya1 :]e he 0 *all5g$ to a wre/l+ mat* by ! giant ,antu1 a p[]ful son ( ,e>?1 :o 01 accord+ to ,libyan tradition1 ( a mon/r\s height 7"s say sixty cubits74 ,he 0 attack$ by ,h]acles1 b1 z he receiv$ new /r5g? f 8 "m ,e>? z (t5 z he t\*$ ! gr\nd1 ! h]o lift$ him up 9 ! air & squeez$ him to dea? 9 8 arms4 ,f ,libya ,h]acles pass$ into ,egypt1 :]e ! cruel k+ ,busiris 0 9 ! habit ( seiz+ all /rang]s :o ent]$ ! c\ntry & sacrific+ !m to ,zeus4 ,h]acles w\ld h suff]$ a simil> fate1 _h he n brok5 ! *a9s laid ^u him1 & sla9 ! k+ & 8 son4 ,8 indulg5ce at ! ri*ly-furni%$ table ( ! k+ 0 a feature 9 ! /ory :i* af=d$ no small amusem5t to ! comic writ]s1 :o 7 especially fond ( je/+ on ! subject ( ! heal?y & h]oic appetite ( ,h]acles4 ,f ,egypt ! h]o made 8 way into ?iopia1 :]e he slew ,ema?ion1 ! son ( ,ti?onus & ,eos1 = 8 cruelty to /rang]s4 ,he next cross$ ! sea to ,india1 & !nce came to ! ,caucasus1 :]e he set ,prome!us free & de/roy$ ! vulture t prey$ on 8 liv]4 ,aft] ,prome!us _h describ$ to him ! long road to ! ,hesp]ides1 he pass$ ?r\gh ,scy?ia1 & came at l5g? to ! l& ( ! ,hyp]boreans1 :]e ,atlas bore ! pill>s ( heav5 on 8 %\ld]s4 ,?is 0 ! end ( 8 j\rney1 = ,atlas1 at 8 reque/1 fet*$ ! apples1 :il/ ,h]acles support$ ! heav5s4 ,"h aga9 ! comic poets introduc$ an amus+ sc5e4 ,atlas1 hav+ once ta/$ ! delights ( fre$om1 betray$ no anxiety to relieve 8 sub/itute1 b (f]$1 in/ead1 to be> ! apples himself to ,eury/heus4 ,h]acles1 h[ev]1 prov$ ev5 m cunn+ ?an he1 =1 app>5tly agree+ to ! proposition1 he ask$ ,atlas j to relieve him until he _h arrang$ m com=tably a cu%ion = 8 back4 ,:5 ,atlas good-hum\r$ly cons5t$1 ,h]acles ( c\rse left him 9 8 =m] position1 & made (f ) ! apples4 ,ano!r acc\nt /ates t he desc5d$ himself into ! g>d5 & slew ! hundr$-head$ dragon :o kept gu>d ov] ! trees4 #ab4 ,c]b]us4--,! mo/ d>+ ( all ! feats ( ,h]acles1 & t :i* be>s ! palm f all ! o!rs1 & is 9 consequ5ce1 always put at ! end ( 8 lab\rs1 0 ! br++ ( ,c]b]us f ! l[] _w4 ,9 ?is und]tak+1 :i* is m5tion$ ev5 by ,hom]1 he 0 accompani$ by ,h]mes & ,a!ne1 ?\gh he _h hi!rto be5 able to disp5se ) div9e aid4 ,he is commonly report$ to h made 8 desc5t into ! l[] _w at ,cape ,tn>um 9 ,laconia4 ,close to ! gates ( ,hades he f\nd ! adv5tur\s h]oes ,!seus & ,piri?os1 :o _h gone d[n to c>ry (f ,p]sephone1 fa/5$ to a rock4 ,he succe$$ 9 sett+ ,!seus free1 b ,piri?os he 0 oblig$ to leave beh9d him1 because ( ! viol5t e>?quake :i* occurr$ :5 he attempt$ to t\* him4 ,aft] sev]al fur!r adv5tures1 he ent]$ ! pres5ce ( ! "l ( ! l[] _w4 ,hades cons5t$ to 8 tak+ ,c]b]us1 on condition t he %\ld ma/] him )\t us+ any weapons4 ,h]acles seiz$ ! furi\s bea/1 &1 hav+ *a9$ him1 he br\ght him to ,eury/heus1 & aft]w>ds c>ri$ him back to 8 place 9 ! l[] _w4 ,! completion ( ?is task releas$ ,h]acles f 8 s]vitude to ,eury/heus4 ,,iii4 ,,de$s ,,( ,,h]acles ,,aft] ,,8 ,,s]vice4--#a4 ,! ,murd] ( ,iphitus & ,conte/ ) ,apollo4--,! h]o1 aft] 8 release f s]vitude1 return$ to ,!bes1 :]e he gave 8 wife ,meg>a 9 m>riage to ,iolas4 ,he !n proce$$ to ! c\rt ( ,eurytus1 k+ ( *alia1 :o _h promis$ 8 beautiful daught] ,iole 9 m>riage to ! man :o %\ld vanqui% himself & 8 sons 9 %oot+ ) ! b[4 ,! situation ( *alia is v>i\sly giv52 sometimes x is plac$ 9 ,!ssaly1 sometimes 9 ! ,peloponnesus1 on ! bord]s ( ,arcadia & ,mess5ia1 & sometimes 9 ! isl& ( ,euba1 close to ,eretria4 ,h]acles ga9$ a mo/ complete victory2 b ,eurytus1 nev]!less1 refus$ to give him 8 daught]1 reproa*+ him ) ! murd] ( 8 *ildr5 by ,meg>a1 & ) 8 ignom9i\s bondage to ,eury/heus4 ,h]acles1 ) _m ?reats ( future v5geance1 )drew1 & :51 n long aft]w>ds1 ,iphitus1 ! son ( ,eurytus1 fell into 8 h&s1 he ca/ him f ! highe/ t[] ( 8 citadel 9 ,tiryns4 ,?is some:at trea*]\s action be+ at v>iance ) ! g5]al "* ( ! h]o1 ! /ory subsequ5tly arose t ,iphitus 0 a fri5d ( ,h]acles1 & _h advocat$ 8 cause ) ,eurytus1 & t ,h]acles only treat$ him ?us 9 a fit ( insanity4 ,! bloody de$ 0 fraught ) ! grave/ consequ5ces4 ,aft] seek+ purification & absolution 9 va9 among m51 ,h]acles came to ,delphi1 9 ord] to seek ! aid & consolation ( ! oracle4 ,b ,apollo1 ) :om ! royal family ( *alia /ood 9 high fav\r1 reject$ him2 :]eupon ,h]acles =c$ 8 way into ! temple1 & 0 already 9 ! act ( be>+ away ! holy tripod1 9 ord] to erect an oracle ( 8 own1 :5 he 0 confront$ by ! angry deity4 ,a fe>ful combat w\ld d\btless h ensu$1 if ! fa!r ( gods & m5 himself _h n int]f]$ to prev5t ?is unnatural /rife betwe5 8 fav\rite sons by sep>at+ ! combatants ) 8 lightn+4 ,h]acles 0 n[ comm&$ by ! ,py?ian prie/ess to all[ himself to be sold by ,h]mes into slav]y = ?ree ye>s1 to expiate ! murd] ( ,iphitus4 #b4 ,h]acles 9 ! ,s]vice ( ,omphale4--,?is portion ( ! /ory is ( ,lydian orig91 b 0 clev]ly int]wov5 ) ! ,greek leg5d4 ,! ,lydians1 9 fact1 hon\r$ a sun-h]o call$ ,s&on1 :o resembl$ ,h]acles 9 _m respects1 z ! ance/or ( _! k+s4 ,! ori5tal "* ( ! ,lydian ,h]acles at once manife/s itself 9 ! fact t he "h appe>s z entirely devot$ to s5sual pleasures1 becom+ effem9ate 9 ! society ( wom51 & all[+ himself to be clo!d 9 female attire1 :il/ 8 mi/ress ,omphale donn$ 8 lion-sk9 & club1 & flaunt$ up & d[n be=e him4 ,he did n always l+] 9 su* inactivity1 h[ev]2 sometimes ! old desire = action urg$ him =? to gallant de$s4 ,?us he vanqui%$ & *a/is$ ! ,c]copes1 a race ( gobl9s :o us$ to trick & waylay travell]s4 ,he also slew ,syleus1 :o compell$ all pass+ travell]s to dig 9 8 v9ey>d2 :i* =m$ ! subject ( a satyric drama ( ,euripides4 #c4 ,8 ,exp$ition aga9/ ,troy4--,aft] p]=m+ sev]al o!r feats 9 ! s]vice ( ,omphale1 ,h]acles aga9 became free4 ,he n[ appe>s to h und]tak5 an exp$ition aga9/ ! fai?less ,laom$on1 k+ ( ,troy1 9 company ) o!r ,greek h]oes1 su* z ,peleus1 ,telamon1 & ,ocles1 ^: numb] increas$ z "t w5t on4 ,! city 0 tak5 by /orm3 ,ocles1 inde$1 0 sla91 b1 on ! o!r h&1 ,laom$on & all 8 sons except ,pod>ces fell be=e ! arr[s ( ,h]acles4 ,hesione1 ! daught] ( ! k+1 0 giv5 by ,h]acles to 8 fri5d ,telamon1 & became by him ! "m ( ,teuc]4 ,%e receiv$ p]mission f ,h]acles to release "o ( ! prison]s1 & *ose h] bro!r ,pod>ces1 :o aft]w>ds bore ! "n ( ,priamus 7! r$eem$71 & cont9u$ ! race ( ,d>danus 9 ,ilium4 #d4 ,! ,peloponnesian ,exp$itions ( ,h]acles4--,! leg5d relates t ! h]o n[ und]took 8 long-def]r$ exp$ition aga9/ ,augeas1 :i* 0 ! means ( k9dl+ a ,mess5ian & ,lac$monian w>4 ,aft] assembl+ an army 9 ,arcadia1 :i* 0 jo9$ by _m gallant ,greek h]oes1 he advanc$ aga9/ ,elis4 ,h]acles1 h[ev]1 fell sick2 & 9 8 abs5ce 8 army 0 attack$ & driv5 back ) great loss by ! brave ,actorid or ,molionid1 ! nephews ( ,augeas4 ,x 0 only aft] ,h]acles _h sla9 ^! h]oes 9 an ambuscade at ,cleon1 z !y 7 on _! way to ! ,i/hmian games1 t he succe$$ 9 p5etrat+ into ,elis4 ,he !n slew ,augeas1 & gave ! k+dom to 8 son ,phyleus1 ) :om he 0 on fri5dly t]ms4 ,x 0 on ?is occasion t he in/itut$ ! ,olympic games4 ,he !n m>*$ aga9/ ,pylus1 ei!r because its k+1 ,neleus1 _h giv5 assi/ance to ! ,molionid1 or else because ,neleus _h refus$ to purify him f ! murd] ( ,iphitus4 ,?is exp$ition aga9/ ,pylus 0 subsequ5tly greatly embelli%$ by ! poets1 :o made x into a great battle ( ! gods1 "o "p ( :om f\ght = ,neleus1 & ! o!r "p = ,h]acles4 ,! *ief feature 0 ! combat betwe5 ,h]acles & ,p]iclym5us1 ! brave/ ( ! sons ( ,neleus1 :o _h receiv$ f ,poseidon1 ! tutel>y deity ( ! ,pylians1 ! p[] ( trans=m+ himself into any k9d ( animal4 ,! result ( ! combat 0 ( c\rse a complete victory = ,h]acles4 ,neleus1 ) 8 elev5 gallant sons1 0 sla91 & only ! y\nge/1 ,ne/or1 rema9$ to p]petuate ! celebrat$ race4 ,! ,lac$monian exp$ition ( ,h]acles1 :i* foll[s close on t aga9/ ,pylus1 0 und]tak5 aga9/ ,hippocon1 ! half-bro!r ( ,tynd>es1 :om he _h expell$4 ,hippocon 0 defeat$ & sla9 by ,h]acles1 :o gave 8 k+dom to ,tynd>es4 ,on ?is occasion ,h]acles 0 assi/$ by ,cepheus1 k+ ( ,tegea1 ) 8 tw5ty sons1 a circum/ance :i* is only m5tion$ on acc\nt ( a rem>kable leg5d connect$ ) 8 /ay 9 ,tegea4 ,h]acles is "h said to h left ,auge1 ! beautiful si/] ( ,cepheus1 & prie/ess ( ,a!ne1 pregnant ) ,telephus1 ^: wondr\s adv5tures h occupi$ arti/s & poets alike4 ,auge conceal$ h] *ild 9 ! grove ( ,a!ne1 :]eupon ! angry goddess visit$ ! l& ) a fam9e4 ,ales1 ! fa!r ( ,auge1 on discov]+ ! fact1 caus$ ! *ild to be expos$1 & sold ! "m beyond ! sea4 ,auge ?us came into ,mysia1 :]e ! k+ ,teu?ras made h] 8 wife4 ,telephus 0 suckl$ by a h9d4 ,he grew up1 & ultimately1 aft] "s wond]ful adv5tures1 succe$$ 9 f9d+ 8 "m4 ,he succe$$ ,teu?ras1 &1 lat]1 became embroil$ ) ! ,greeks :5 !y l&$ on _! exp$ition aga9/ ,troy1 on :i* occasion he 0 w\nd$ by ,a*illes4 ,telephus1 among all ! sons ( ,h]acles1 is said to h borne ! greate/ resemblance to 8 fa!r4 #e4 ,a*elos1 ,nessus1 ,cycnus4--,! next episode 9 ! hi/ory ( ! h]o is 8 woo+ ( ,deanira1 ! daught] ( neus1 k+ ( tolia4 neus is celebrat$ z ! fir/ cultivator ( ! v9e 9 t c\ntry1 & z ! fa!r ( ! tolian h]oes1 ,meleag] & ,tydeus4 ,! riv]-god ,a*elos 0 also a suitor = ! h& ( ,deanira1 & z nei!r he nor ,h]acles w\ld rel9qui% _! claim1 x 0 decid$ by ! combat betwe5 ! rivals#h s (t5 describ$ by ! poets4 ,! p[] ( assum+ v>i\s =ms 0 ( little use to ,a*elos1 =1 hav+ f9ally trans=m$ himself into a bull1 he 0 depriv$ ( a horn by ,h]acles1 & compell$ to decl>e himself vanqui%$4 ,h]acles re/or$ him 8 horn1 & receiv$ 9 ex*ange t ( ! goat ,amal!a4 ,aft] 8 m>riage ) ,deanira1 ,h]acles liv$ = "s "t happily at ! c\rt ( 8 fa!r-9-law1 :]e 8 son ,hyllus 0 born4 ,9 consequ5ce ( an accid5tal murd]1 he 0 oblig$ to leave tolia & retire to ! c\rt ( 8 fri5d ,cex1 k+ ( ,tra*is1 at ! foot ( ,m\nt ta4 ,on ! road occurr$ 8 celebrat$ adv5ture ) ! ,c5taur ,nessus4 ,on com+ to ! riv] ,ev5us1 ,h]acles entru/$ ,deanira to ,nessus to c>ry across1 :il/ he himself wad$ ?r\gh ! swoll5 /ream4 ,! ,c5taur1 induc$ by ! beauty ( 8 burd51 attempt$ to c>ry (f ,deanira1 b 0 pi]c$ by an arr[ ( ,h]acles1 & expiat$ 8 attempt ) 8 life4 ,he av5g$ himself by giv+ ,deanira "s ( 8 blood to make a magic salve1 ) :i* he assur$ h] %e c\ld always secure ! love ( h] husb&4 ,footnote #h3 ,! mo/ beautiful description exi/s 9 a *orus 9 ! ,tra*9i ( ,sophocles1 & 9 ,ovid's ,metamorphoses4 ,on rea*+ ,tra*is !y 7 hospitably receiv$ by ,cex4 ,h]acles fir/ defeat$ ! ,dryopes1 & assi/$ ! ,dorian k+ gimius 9 8 conte/ ) ! ,lapi?4 ,he next engag$ 9 8 celebrat$ combat ) ,cycnus1 ! son ( ,ares1 :i* took place at ,iton1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! ,gulf ( ,pagas4 ,h]acles n only slew 8 oppon5t1 b ev5 w\nd$ ! god ( w> himself1 :o _h come to ! assi/ance ( 8 son4 ,?is conte/ is ! subject ( ! celebrat$ poem call$ ! ,%ield ( ,h]cules1 :i* goes "u ! "n ( ,hesiod4 ,,iv4 ,,dea? ,,& ,,apo!osis4--,! dea? ( ,h]acles1 ( :i* we le>n mo/ f ! ma/]ly description ( ,sophocles 9 ! ,tra*9i1 is g5]ally suppos$ to h be5 connect$ ) 8 exp$ition aga9/ ,eurytus4 ,! h]o1 :o c\ld n =get ! ignom9i\s treatm5t he _h receiv$ at ! h&s ( ,eurytus1 n[ m>*$ ) an army f ,tra*is aga9/ *alia4 ,! t[n & citadel 7 tak5 by /orm1 & ,eurytus & 8 sons sla92 :il/ ! beautiful ,iole1 :o 0 /ill unm>ri$1 fell into ! h&s ( ! conqu]or4 ,h]acles n[ )drew ) great booty1 b halt$ on ! promontory ( ,c5um1 opposite ! ,locrian coa/1 to raise an alt> & (f] a solemn sacrifice ( ?anksgiv+ to 8 fa!r ,zeus4 ,deanira1 :o 0 torm5t$ ) jeal\s misgiv+s conc]n+ ,iole1 ?\ght x 0 n[ high "t to make use ( ! *>m ( ,nessus4 ,%e accord+ly s5t h] husb& a :ite sacrificial g>m5t1 :i* %e ano9t$ ) ! o9tm5t prep>$ f ! blood ( ! ,c5taur4 ,h]acles donn$ ! g>m5t )\t suspicion1 b sc>cely _h ! flames f ! alt> heat$ ! poison ?an x p5etrat$ ! body ( ! unhappy h]o4 ,9 ! mo/ fe>ful agony he /rove to te> (f ! g>m5t1 b 9 va91 = x /uck l a pla/] to 8 sk92 & :]e he succe$$ 9 r5d+ x away by =ce1 x tore out great pieces ( 8 fle% at ! same "t4 ,9 8 fr5zy he seiz$ ! h]ald ,li*as1 ! be>] ( ! un=tunate pres5t1 & viol5tly da%$ him 9 pieces aga9/ a rock ( ! sea4 ,9 ?is /ate ,h]acles 0 br\ght to ,tra*is1 :]e he f\nd t ,deanira1 full ( sorr[ & despair on le>n+ ! consequ5ces ( h] act1 _h put an end to h] own life4 ,conv9c$ t cure 0 hopeless1 ! dy+ h]o proce$$ f ,tra*is to ta1 & !re erect$ a fun]al pile on :i* to end 8 torm5ts4 ,none ( ^? ar\nd him1 h[ev]1 w\ld cons5t to set ! pile on fire1 until ,pz1 ! fa!r ( ,philoctetes1 happ5$ to pass by1 & r5d]$ him ! s]vice1 9 return = :i* ,h]acles pres5t$ him ) 8 b[ & arr[s4 ,z ! flames rose high1 a cl\d desc5d$ f heav51 &1 amid furi\s peals ( ?und]1 a *>iot ) f\r horses1 driv5 by ,a!ne1 appe>$ & bore ! illu/ri\s h]o to ,olympus1 :]e he 0 joyfully receiv$ by ! gods4 ,he "h became reconcil$ to ,h]a1 :o gave him ! h& ( h] beaute\s daught] ,hebe 9 m>riage4 ,v4 ,,h]acles ,,z ,,god4--,we h already laid be=e our read]s ! mo/ *>act]i/ic features ( ! my?4 ,to int]pret x & trace x back 9 all its details to ! orig9al s\rces w\ld be1 amid ! mass ( prov9cial & =eign leg5ds ) :i* x is amalgamat$1 almo/ impossible4 ,?us mu* is c]ta91 h[ev]1 t1 ap>t f ! conceptions :i* 7 engraft$ on ! /ory f ,tyrian & ,egyptian s\rces1 ev5 9 ! case ( ! ,greek ,h]acles1 my?s bas$ on natural ph5om5a are mix$ up ) hi/orical & allegorical my?s4 ,! hi/oric elem5t1 = in/ance1 is app>5t 9 ! w>s ( ,h]acles aga9/ ! ,dryopes--aga9/ ,augeas1 ,neleus1 & ,hippocon4 ,"h ! exploits ( ! :ole ,dorian race are p]sonifi$ 9 ! actions ( ! h]o4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 mo/ ( 8 s+le combats a symbolic mean+1 d]iv$ f natural ph5om5a1 is unmi/akeable4 ,h]acles1 9 fact1 appe>s to h be51 orig9ally1 a symbol ( ! p[] ( ! sun triumph+ ov] ! d>k p[]s 9 nature4 ,driv5 f ,argos by ! wor%ip ( ! ,argive ,h]a1 he fir/ sank to ! level ( a h]o1 b 01 subsequ5tly1 aga9 rais$ to ! dignity ( a god4 ,?is occurr$ at a "t :5 ! gods ( ,greece _h altoge!r ca/ aside _! physical mean+2 s t he 0 n[ reg>d$ pr9cipally f an e?ical po9t ( view4 ,he appe>s z a symbol ( t l(ty =ce ( "* :i* triumphs ov] all difficulties & ob/acles4 ,poets & philosoph]s alike vi$ ) ea* o!r 9 pres5t+ him to ! y\? ( _! c\ntry 9 ?is "*1 po9t+ to 8 c>e] z a brilliant example ( :at a man might accompli%1 9 spite ( a ?\s& ob/acles1 by m]e det]m9ation & =ce ( w4 ,! well-kn[n allegory ( ! sophi/ ,prodicus1#i call$ 8,! ,*oice ( ,h]cules10 is an in/ance ( ! mode 9 :i* ! hi/ory ( ! h]o 0 us$ to inculcate moral precepts4 ,footnote #i3 ,prodicus1 a native ( ! isl& ( ,ceos1 0 an eld] contempor>y ( ,socrates4 ,l ! latt]1 he taught 9 ,a!ns1 & met ) a simil> fate1 hav+ be5 condemn$ to dea? z an enemy ( ! popul> religion & a corruptor ( ! ,a!nian y\?4 ,9 ! religi\s sy/em ( ! ,greeks1 ,h]acles 0 specially hon\r$ z ! patron ( ! gymnasia2 ! gymnasium ( ,cynos>ges 9 ,a!ns be+ solely d$icat$ to him4 ,aft] 8 deification1 ,h]acles 0 also reg>d$ 9 ! "* ( a savi\r & b5efactor ( 8 nation2 z "o :o _h n only m]it$ ! la/+ gratitude ( mank9d by 8 de$s ?r\gh\t an active & labori\s life--9 hav+ rid ! _w ( giants & noxi\s bea/s1 9 hav+ ext+ui%$ de/ructive =ces ( nature1 & aboli%$ human sacrifices & o!r b>b>\s in/itutions ( antiquity--b also z a k9dly & b5efic5t deity1 ev] ready to af=d help & protection to mank9d 9 ! h\r ( ne$4 ,9 ?is "* he 0 kn[n by ! names ( ,sot] 7,savi\r7 & ,alexicacus 7av]t] ( evil74 ,he _h temples & fe/ivals 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,greece4 ,9 ,m>a?on1 :i* boa/$ ( be+ ! fir/ seat ( 8 wor%ip1 games 7 celebrat$ 9 8 hon\r e f\r ye>s1 at :i* silv] cups 7 giv5 z prizes4 ,! f\r? day ( e mon? 0 held sacr$ to him1 ?is day be+ reg>d$ z 8 bir?day4 ,we h already m5tion$ ! leg5d>y introduction ( 8 wor%ip into ,rome4#aj ,h]cules1 z he 0 call$ 9 ,italy1 0 id5tifi$ ) ! ,italian h]o ,rec>anus4 ,he _h an alt> 9 ! ,=um ,bo>ium1 e/abli%$1 accord+ to tradition1 by ,ev&]4 ,! ,roman poets1 ( c\rse1 devot$ especial att5tion to ! /ories ( 8 j\rney ?r\gh ,italy1 & 8 fight ) ,cacus4 ,footnote #aj3 ,!re seems gr\nd = ?9k+ t ! ,italian ,h]cules 0 prop]ly a rural deity conf\nd$ ) ,h]acles on acc\nt ( ! simil>ity ( _! names2 :ile ,rec>anus prop]ly correspond$ ) ! great ,h]acles 9 mean+4 ,9 ,h]acles anci5t art s\ght to portray ! conception ( gigantic bodily /r5g?4 ,he is1 !re=e1 g5]ally repres5t$ z a full-gr[n man--r>ely z a *ild or y\?4 ,we may obs]ve ! mann] 9 :i* ! prom95t idea ( physical =ce is express$ by reg>d+ ! =mation ( ! neck & ?roat 9 ! /atue ( ,h]acles4 ,no?+ c express bett] a bull-l /r5g? ?an ! %ort neck & ! prom95t muscles1 especially if associat$ ) a broad1 deep *e/4 ,we %all be able to appreciate ?is di/9ctive "* /ill m cle>ly if we comp>e ! =m ( ,h]acles ) t ( ! ideal god ,apollo1 ^: neck is especially long & sl5d]4 ,! figure ( ,h]acles is1 moreov]1 *>act]is$ by a head small 9 comp>ison ) ! giant body2 by curly hair1 bu%y eyebr[s1 & muscul> arms & legs4 ,?is conception 0 pr9cipally develop$ by ,myron & ,lysippus4 ,a /atue ( ,h]acles by ! =m] arti/ play$ a "p 9 connection ) ! art robb]ies ( ,v]res 9 ,sicily4 ,lysippus erect$ sev]al celebrat$ /atues ( ,h]acles1 ! mo/ rem>kable ( :i* 0 ! bronze colossus 9 ,t>5tum1 :i* ! ,romans1 aft] ! capture ( t t[n1 transf]r$ to ! ,capitol4 ,!nce x 0 br\ght1 by ord] ( ,con/ant9e1 to 8 new capital ( ,con/ant9ople1 :]e x rema9$ until ! ,lat9 crusade ( #abjb1 :5 x 0 melt$ d[n4 ,lysippus portray$ 9 ?is /atue a m\rn+ ,h]acles1 :i* no "o _h ev] attempt$ be=e him4 ,! h]o appe>$ 9 a sitt+ po/ure1 )\t 8 weapons1 8 left elb[ re/+ on 8 left leg1 :ile 8 head1 full ( ?\ght & sorr[1 re/s on ! op5 h&4 ,! same arti/1 9 a /ill great] "w1 depict$ ! twelve lab\rs ( ,h]acles4 ,^! =m$ a gr\p :i* 0 orig9ally execut$ = ,alyzia1 a seaport t[n ( ,ac>nania1 b :i* 01 subsequ5tly1 likewise transf]r$ to ,rome4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eh4--;,f>nese ,h]cules4 ,fir/ among exi/+ /atues is ! ,f>nese ,h]cules 7,fig4 #eh74 ,?is celebrat$ colossal /atue1 n[ 9 ! ,naples ,museum1 0 discov]$ 9 #aedj1 on ! site ( ! ,!rm ( ,c>acalla4 ,! h]o is /&+ upright1 re/+ 8 left %\ld] on 8 club1 f :i* hangs 8 lion's sk94 ,?is attitude1 z well z ! head droop+ t[>ds ! brea/1 & ! gloomy gravity ( 8 c\nt5ance1 cle>ly %[ t ! h]o feels b[$ d[n by ! burd5 ( 8 labori\s life4 ,ev5 ! ?\ght t he is soon to be releas$ f 8 ignom9i\s s]vitude 7he holds beh9d him1 9 8 "r h&1 ! ?ree apples ( ! ,hesp]ides1 ! fruit ( 8 la/ lab\r7 is unable to *e] him1 & 8 ?\ghts seem to rev]t only to ! pa/4 ,on acc\nt ( ! conception ( ! piece1 & ! exi/5ce ( ano!r copy be>+ ! "n ( ,lysippus1 ! ,f>nese ,h]cules is suppos$ to be a copy ( a "w ( ,lysippus1 ( :i* no?+ fur!r is kn[n4 ,/ill m important z a "w ( art1 ?\gh x has rea*$ u 9 a t]ribly mutilat$ condition--m9us head1 arms1 & legs--is ! celebrat$ ,torso ( ,h]cules1 9 ! ,vatican4 ,?is 0 f\nd 9 ,rome dur+ ! reign ( ,pope ,julius ,,ii41 on a spot :]e ! !atre ( ,pompey1 ( :i* x 0 probably an ornam5t1 once /ood4 ,gr\ps4--,h]acles 9 action 0 a /ill m fav\rite subject ) arti/s1 :o delight$ to portray ! diff]5t sc5es ( 8 v]satile life4 ,numb]less repres5tations ( su* sc5es occur1 n only 9 ! =m ( /atues & works 9 relief1 b m especially on anci5t vases4 ,we m5tion "h1 9 ! *ronological ord] ( ! ev5ts1 "s ( ! mo/ important4 #a4 ,h]acles & ! ,s]p5ts4--,?is sc5e 0 e>ly depict$ by ! celebrat$ pa9t] ,zeuxis1 :o repres5t$ ,h]acles z /rangl+ ! s]p5ts1 :il/ ,alcm5e & ,amphitryon /ood by 9 amazem5t4 ,!re are also sev]al /atues repres5t+ ?is feat1 among :i* t at ,flor5ce takes ! fir/ rank4 ,!re is also a pa9t+ f ,h]culaneum 9 ! ,naples ,museum4 #b4 ,! ,twelve ,lab\rs4--,^! h naturally be5 treat$ ( times out ( numb]4 ,we h already m5tion$ ! gr\ps ( ,lysippus1 :i* he execut$ = ! t[n ( ,alyzia4 ,a /ill exi/+ bronze /atue 9 ! ,capitol9e ,museum1 repres5t+ ,h]acles battl+ ) ! ,hydra1 appe>s to belong to ?is s]ies4 ,among int]e/+ rema9s are ! metope reliefs on ! ,!seum at ,a!ns4 ,t5 on ! ea/ side ( ! temple repres5t sc5es f ! life ( ,h]acles4 ,n9e ( !m belong to ! twelve lab\rs1 viz41 ! ,nemean lion1 ! ,hydra1 ! ,arcadian h9d1 ! ,eryman?ian bo>1 ! horses ( ,diom$es1 ,c]b]us1 ! girdle ( ,hippolyte1 ,g]yon1 & ! ,hesp]ides2 :il/ ! t5? tablet repres5ts 8 conte/ ) ,cycnus4 ,! rema9s ( ! spl5did temple ( ,zeus at ,olympia1 :i* 0 complet$ ab\t #dce ,b4,c41 are less important4 ,! metopes ( ! front & back ( ! temple conta9$ six ( ! lab\rs ( ,h]acles4 ,^? repres5t+ ! conte/ ) ! ,cretan bull1 ! dy+ lion1 a portion f ! fight ) ,g]yon1 & "s o!r fragm5ts1 7 f\nd 9 #ahbi1 & convey$ to ! museum ( ! ,l\vre at ,p>is4 ,! only "o :i* is p]fect1 h[ev]1 is ! spirit$ & life-l repres5tation ( ! /ruggle ) ! ,cretan bull4 #c4 ,p>]ga 7,subord9ate ,de$s74--,fir/ among ^! come ! sc5es f 8 conte/ ) ! ,c5taurs1 :i* 7 frequ5tly treat$ ( 9 art4 ,gr\ps ( ^! exi/ 9 ! museum at ,flor5ce2 !re are also v>i\s repres5tations to be f\nd on vases4 ,8 adv5ture ) ,nessus is repres5t$ sep>ately on a ,pompeian pa9t+ 9 ! ,naples ,museum2 ,nessus cr\*es 9 a humble po/ure be=e ,h]acles1 :o has ! little ,hyllus 9 8 arms1 & he appe>s to be ask+ p]mission to c>ry ,deanira across ! /ream4 ,!re is also an int]e/+ repres5tation ( ! release ( ,prome!us on ! ,s>cophagus ( ! ,capitol1 f ! ,villa ,pamfili1 :i* is1 9 o!r respects1 also wor?y ( m5tion4 ,! seizure ( ! tripod at ,delphi is also frequ5tly portray$ 9 art4 #d4 ,h]acles & ,omphale4--,( ! monum5ts ref]r+ to ,h]acles' connection ) ,omphale1 ! mo/ important is ! beautiful ,f>nese gr\p 9 m>ble 9 ! ,naples ,museum4 ,omphale has ?r[n ! lion's sk9 r\nd h] beautiful limbs1 & holds 9 h] "r h& ! h]o's club4 ,?us equipp$1 %e smiles triumphantly at ,h]acles1 :o is clo!d 9 female attire1 ) a di/aff 9 8 h&4 #e4 ,h]acles & ,telephus4--,! romantic hi/ory ( ,telephus 0 also frequ5tly treat$ ( 9 art4 ,! ,naples ,museum possesses a f9e pa9t+1 repres5t+ ! discov]y ( ! *ild aft] x has be5 suckl$ by ! h9d1 on :i* occasion1 /range to say1 ,h]acles himself is pres5t4 ,9 ! ,vatican ,museum !re is a f9e m>ble gr\p1 repres5t+ ,h]acles ) ! *ild ,telephus 9 8 arms4 #g4 ,attic ,leg5d4--#a4 ,cecrops4--,cecrops1 ! fir/ f\nd] ( civilisation 9 ,attica1 plays a simil> "p "h to t :i* ,cadmus does 9 ,!bes4 ,l ,cadmus1 he 0 aft]w>ds call$ an immigrant2 inde$ he 0 said to h come f ,sais 9 ,l[] ,egypt4 ,9 8 case1 h[ev]1 we are able to trace ! rise ( ! errone\s tradition ) f> great] di/9ctness4 ,pure ,attic tradition recognises him only z an auto*?on--t is1 an orig9al inhabitant born ( ! e>?2 & fur!r adds1 t1 l ! giants1 he 0 half man & half s]p5t4 ,z ! my?ical f\nd] ( ! /ate1 he 0 also reg>d$ z ! build] ( ! citadel 7,cecropia72 & m>riage1 z well z o!r political & social in/itutions1 7 ascrib$ to him4 ,p]haps he is only a local p]sonification ( ,h]mes4 ,! probability ( ?is view is greatly enhanc$ by ! fact t 8 ?ree daught]s1 ,h]se1 ,aglaurus1 & ,p&rosus1 receiv$ div9e hon\rs4 ,x 0 "u ,cecrops t ! celebrat$ conte/ occurr$ betwe5 ,poseidon & ,a!ne = ! possession ( ,attica1 & 0 by 8 means decid$ 9 fav\r ( ! goddess4 ,we h already giv5 an acc\nt ( x1 & ne$ only "h rem>k t ! /ory is purely ! result ( ! obs]vation ( natural ph5om5a4 ,9 ,attica1 9 fact1 !re are only two seasons--a cold1 wet1 & ra9y w9t] 7,poseidon71 & a w>m1 dry1 g5ial summ] 7,pallas74 ,^! seem to be cont9ually /riv+ = ! supremacy ( ! l&4 ,cecrops 0 succe$$ 9 ! gov]nm5t by ,cranas1 :o is repres5t$ by "s z 8 son4 ,! common my?ological acc\nt places ! flood ( ,deucalion 9 8 reign4 ,aft] ! expulsion ( ,cranas1 ,amphictyon1 "o ( ! sons ( ,deucalion1 succe$$ to ! sov]eignty ( ,attica1 ( :om no?+ m is kn[n ?an t he 0 depriv$ ( ! gov]nm5t by ,ere*!us4 #b4 ,ere*!us1 or ,eri*?onius4--,ere*!us1 or ,eri*?onius1 is really only a second ,cecrops--! my?ical f\nd] ( ! /ate aft] ! flood1 z ,cecrops 0 be=e x4 ,be+ also e>?born1 he is1 l ,cecrops1 end[$ ) a s]p5t's =m4 ,!re 0 ano!r v sacr$ leg5d conc]n+ him1 :i* /at$ t ,ga 7,ge71 imm$iately aft] 8 bir?1 gave him to ! goddess ,pallas to nurse4 ,! latt] fir/ entru/$ him to ! daught]s ( ,cecrops1 h] att5dants & prie/esses1 enclos$ 9 a *e/4 ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 prompt$ by curiosity1 op5$ ! *e/1 contr>y to ! comm&s ( ! goddess1 & 7 puni%$ 9 consequ5ce ) madness4 ,eri*?onius 0 n[ re>$ by ! goddess h]self 9 h] sanctu>y on ! citadel1 & 0 subsequ5tly made k+ ( ,a!ns4 ,! same /ories are !n relat$ ( him z ( ,cecrops--t he regulat$ ! /ate1 introduc$ ! wor%ip ( ! gods1 & settl$ ! dispute betwe5 ,poseidon & ,a!ne4 ,! tomb ( ,ere*!us 0 %[n 9 ! ,ere*!um1 ! anci5t temple d$icat$ to ,a!ne ,polias1 :]e ! nev]-dy+ olive tree creat$ by ! goddess 0 also pres]v$4 ,two among ! daught]s ( ,ere*!us are celebrat$ 9 leg5d4 ,! fir/ is ,ori?yia1 :o 0 c>ri$ (f by ,boreas1 & became ! "m ( ,calas & ,zetes1 :om we come across aga9 9 ! /ory ( ! ,argonauts2 ! o!r is ,procris1 ! wife ( ! h&some hunt] ,cephalus1 :o 0 said to be a son ( ,h]mes by ,h]se1 ! daught] ( ,cecrops4 ,cephalus 0 c>ri$ (f by ,eos1 :o 0 unable to %ake 8 fidelity to 8 wife4 ,x s]v$1 h[ev]1 to excite ! jeal\sy ( ! latt]1 :i* ultimately prov$ fatal to h]4 ,procris _h hidd5 h]self among ! bu%es1 9 ord] to wat* h] husb&1 :5 ,cephalus1 tak+ h] = a wild animal1 unwitt+ly kill$ h]4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,ere*!us1 ! tragic poets relate t ,ion1 ! my?ical ance/or ( ! ,ionians1 rul$ 9 ,a!ns4 ,?is means no?+ m ?an t ! primitive ,pelasgian age 9 ,attica _h n[ come to an end1 & ! dom9ion ( ! ,ionians comm5c$4 #c4 ,!seus4--,!seus is ! national h]o ( ! ,ionians1 j z ,h]acles is ( ! olians4 ,he has n unju/ly be5 call$ ! second ,h]acles2 & he has1 inde$1 _m features 9 common ) ! olian h]o1 s9ce ! national jeal\sy ( ! ,ionians l$ !m to adopt e possible means ( mak+ _! own h]o rival t ( _! neighb\rs4 ,!y !re=e /rove to repres5t him1 likewise1 z a h]o tri$ 9 numb]less conte/s--g5]\s1 unselfi%1 & devot$ to ! int]e/s ( mank9d--& ( c\rse ascrib$ to him a multitude ( adv5tur\s exploits4 ,!re is no great und]tak+ ( antiquity 9 :i* ,!seus is n suppos$ to h tak5 "p1 & he 0 ev5 s5t on an exp$ition to hell1 9 imitation ( ,h]acles4 ,he 0 ! son ( ! ,a!nian k+ geus1 :om my?ological tradition made a great-gr&son ( ,ere*!us4 ,aft] 8 fa!r ,p&ion _h be5 driv5 out by 8 relations1 ! sons ( ,metion1 geus betook himself to ,meg>a1 :]e he 0 hospitably receiv$ by ! rul]1 ,pylas4 ,f ,meg>a1 geus1 ,pallas1 ,nisus1 & ,lycus1 ! sons ( ,p&ion1 und]took an exp$ition aga9/ ,a!ns1 :i* end$ 9 ! expulsion ( ! ,metionid1 & ! re/oration ( ! =m] royal family 9 ! p]son ( geus4 ,su*1 at lea/1 is ! tradition2 al?\gh x is m probable t ,a!ns nev] _h a k+ ( ?is "n1 & t geus 7wave-man7 is only a surname ( ,poseidon1 ! *ief deity ( ! seaf>+ ,ionians4 geus1 ?\gh twice m>ri$1 _h no heir1 & n[ und]took a j\rney to ,delphi to seek ! advice ( ! oracle4 ,on 8 way back he /opp$ at ! c\rt ( ,pit!us1 k+ ( ,trz51 & became1 by 8 daught] ?ra1 ! fa!r ( ,!seus4 ,be=e 8 dep>ture1 he plac$ 8 sword & s&als b5ea? a heavy /one1 & comm&$ ?ra to s5d 8 son to ,a!ns z soon z he 0 able to move ! /one & take 8 fa!r's sword4 ,!seus 0 c>efully tra9$ 9 music & gymna/ics by ! sagaci\s ,pit!us1 & soon develop$ into a /ately y\?4 ,he is also suppos$ to h be5 educat$ by ! ,c5taur ,*iron1 ^: in/ruction _h n[ become a necess>y item 9 ! education ( a real h]o4 ,:5 ,!seus 0 sixte51 8 "m took him to ! /one b5ea? :i* lay 8 fa!r's sword & s&als4 ,) a slight ef=t he rais$ ! /one1 & ?us ent]$ on 8 h]oic c>e]4 ,8 e>li] adv5tures consi/$ 9 ov]com+ a s]ies ( ob/acles t beset him 9 8 j\rney f ,trz5 to ,a!ns4 ,!y are g5]ally suppos$ to h be5 six 9 numb]4 #a4 ,betwe5 ,trz5 & ,epidaurus he slew ,p]iphetes1 ! son ( ,heph/us--:o 0 lame1 l 8 fa!r--because he 0 9 ! habit ( murd]+ travell]s ) 8 iron club2 :5ce he is call$ ,corynetes1 or club-be>]4 #b4 ,he next deliv]$ ! ,i/hmus f ano!r p[]ful robb] call$ ,s9is4 ,he us$ to fa/5 travell]s :o fell into 8 h&s to ! top ( a p9e tree1 :i* he b5t to ! e>?1 & !n all[$ to recoil2 aft] :i*1 on _! rea*+ ! gr\nd1 he w\ld kill !m outright2 :5ce he is call$ ,pityocamptes1 or p9e-b5d]4 ,!seus inflict$ ! same fate on him4 #c4 ,9 ! woody di/rict ( ,crommyon he de/roy$ a dang]\s wild s[ t laid wa/e ! c\ntry4 #d4 ,n f> f ?is1 on ! rock ( ,sciron1 on ! bord]s ( ,meg>a1 dwelt ano!r mon/]1 call$ ,sciron1 :o compell$ travell]s to wa% 8 feet1 & !n kick$ !m into ! sea4 ,!seus s]v$ him 9 a simil> fa%ion4 #e4 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,eleusis he vanqui%$ ! giant ,c]cyon1 :o compell$ all :o fell into 8 h&s to wre/le ) him4 #f4 ,8 la/ combat await$ him on ! conf9es ( ,eleusis1 :]e dwelt ! inhuman ,dama/es4 ,?is mon/] us$ to lay 8 victims 9 a b$3 if ?is 0 too %ort1 he w\ld hack (f _! project+ limbs2 if too long1 he w\ld beat out & pull asund] _! limbs1 :5ce he is call$ ,procru/es4 ,he 0 also sla9 by ,!seus4 ,on rea*+ ,a!ns1 he f\nd 8 fa!r geus 9 ! toils ( ! dang]\s sorc]ess ,m$ea1 :o _h fl$ f ,cor9? to ,a!ns4 ,%e 0 on ! po9t ( mak+ away ) ! newcom] by poison1 :5 geus1 =tunately1 recognis$ him by ! sword he bore1 & pres]v$ him f 8 imp5d+ fate4 ,m$ea 0 compell$ to flee2 b a new dang] await$ ! h]o f ! fifty sons ( ,pallas1 :o _h reckon$ on succe$+ _! *ildless uncle geus4 ,!seus1 h[ev]1 slew "s 9 battle & expell$ ! re/4 ,he n[ und]took 8 greate/ & mo/ adv5tur\s feat1 9 ord] to free 8 c\ntry f its %ameful tribute to ,m9os1 k+ ( ,crete1 ^: son1 ! y\?ful h]o ,&rogeos1 _h be5 trea*]\sly murd]$ by ! ,a!nians & ,meg>eans4 ,ano!r acc\nt says t he 0 s5t by geus aga9/ ! bull ( ,m>a?on1 & ?us sla94 ,at any rate1 ,m9os und]took a w> ( rev5ge4 ,he fir/ m>*$ aga9/ ,meg>a1 ( :i* ,nisus1 ! bro!r ( geus1 0 k+4 ,m9os conqu]$ him by means ( 8 own daught] ,scylla1 :o became enam\r$ ( ,m9os1 & cut (f f h] fa!r's head ! purple lock on :i* 8 life dep5d$4 ,aft] hav+ tak5 ,meg>a & sla9 ,nisus1 ,m9os m>*$ aga9/ ,a!ns4 ,"h he 0 equally successful1 & compell$ ! vanqui%$ ,a!nians to expiate ! blood ( 8 son by s5d+1 e eight or 7accord+ to ! ,greek me?od ( reckon+7 e n9e ye>s1 sev5 y\?s & sev5 maid5s to be dev\r$ by ! ,m9otaur4 ,?is 0 a mon/]1 half man & half bull4 ,twice already _h ! bloody tribute be5 s5t1 & ! ?ird fell j aft] ,!seus' arrival 9 ,a!ns2 he at once bravely (f]$ to g among ! allott$ victims4 ,he 0 resolv$ to d battle ) ! ,m9otaur1 & to /ake 8 life on ! lib]ation ( 8 c\ntry f ! %ameful tribute4 ,"u ! guidance ( ,aphrodite he pass$ ov] to ,crete1 & soon discov]$ ! efficacy ( h] protection4 ,! goddess k9dl$ a passionate love = ! h]o 9 ! brea/ ( ,ariadne1 ! daught] ( ,m9os4 ,ariadne r5d]$ him e possible assi/ance 9 8 und]tak+1 & especially pres5t$ him ) a clew ( ?read1 by means ( :i* ,!seus1 aft] hav+ sla9 ! ,m9otaur1 0 enabl$ to f9d 8 way out ( ! ,labyr9?4 ,we h already n>rat$ h[ ,ariadne 0 des]t$ by ,!seus on ! isle ( ,naxos1 only to become ! bride ( ,dionysus1 ! div9e son ( ,semele4 ,!seus also l&$ at ,delos1 :]e he in/itut$ ! fe/ival ( ! ,delia 9 hon\r ( ! div9e *ildr5 ( ,leto4 ,on rea*+ ,a!ns1 he %[$ 8 gratitude to 8 div9e protectress by ! in/itution ( ! wor%ip ( ,aphrodite ,p&emus4 ,9 hon\r ( ,dionysus & ,ariadne1 he in/itut$ ! ,os*ophoria1 9 :i* fe/ival ,a!ne also _h a %>e4 ,la/ly1 9 hon\r ( ,apollo1 he in/itut$ ! ,pyanepsia1 a fe/ival :i* 0 celebrat$ on ! sev5? day ( ! mon? ,pyanepsion 7end ( ,octob]74 ,! happy return ( ,!seus f 8 ,cretan exp$ition1 h[ev]1 prov$ ! dea? ( 8 ag$ fa!r4 geus1 z he /ood on ! coa/ look+ = 8 son's return1 p]ceiv$ t ! %ips _h black sails in/ead ( :ite1 :i* 7 to h be5 hoi/$ 9 ! ev5t ( 8 son's success2 & believ+ t all 0 lo/1 he ca/ himself headlong into ! sea4 ,?is /ory 0 p]haps only inv5t$ to acc\nt = ! "n ( ! gean ,sea4 ,) reg>d to ! o!r exploits ( ,!seus1 !re exi/s ! greate/ v>iety ( acc\nts z to ! ord] 9 :i* !y took place4 ,z k+1 he is said to h be5 ! fir/ to unite ! sep>ate di/ricts ( ,attica into "o political community1 ) "o /ate ,prytaneum1 & to h in/itut$ ! fe/ival ( ! ,pana!na 9 commemoration ( ?is ev5t4 ,! foll[+1 among 8 lat] exploits1 are wor?y ( m5tion3-- #a4 ,he captur$ ! bull ( ,m>a?on 7said to h be5 ! same :i* ,h]acles br\ght alive f ,crete71 & sacrific$ x 9 ,a!ns to ,apollo ,delph9ius4 #b4 ,he assi/$ 8 fri5d ,piri?os1 ! pr9ce ( ! ,lapi?1 9 8 conte/ ) ! ,c5taurs4 #c4 ,he und]took ) ,piri?os an exp$ition to ,lac$mon1 9 :i* !y c>ri$ (f ,hel51 ! si/] ( ! ,dioscuri4 #d4 ,at ! reque/ ( ,piri?os1 he accompani$ him to ! l[] _w to c>ry (f ,p]sephone2 b ,hades1 enrag$ at _! audacity1 caus$ !m bo? to be b\nd 9 *a9s & fa/5$ to a rock4 ,!seus 0 rescu$ f ?is plight by ,h]acles1 b dur+ 8 abs5ce ! ,dioscuri _h releas$ _! si/] f ,aphidn1 :]e %e 0 conf9$4 #e4 ,he next jo9$ ,h]acles 9 8 exp$ition aga9/ ! ,amazons1 & receiv$1 z ! rew>d ( victory1 _! que5 ,antiope1 or ,hippolyte4 ,ano!r tradition ass]ts t ,antiope foll[$ him ( h] own free w to ,a!ns1 :]e %e 0 m>ri$ to him1 & became ! "m ( ,hippolytus1 fam$ = 8 unhappy fate4 ,8 great beauty caus$ 8 /ep-"m ,phdra1 a lat] wife ( ,!seus1 & a si/] ( ,ariadne1 to fall 9 love ) him4 ,z he )drew himself f h] di%on\rable proposals by flight1 %e accus$ him to 8 fa!r ( attempts on h] virtue4 ,!seus1 9 8 wra?1 bes\ght ,poseidon to puni% 8 fai?less son2 & ! god1 :o _h sworn to grant any reque/ ( ,!seus1 s5t a wild bull 7i4e41 a break]7 out ( ! sea z ,hippolytus 0 driv+ 9 8 *>iot along ! sea-%ore4 ,?is s t]rifi$ 8 horses t ,hippolytus 0 ?r[n f 8 *>iot1 & dragg$ along ! gr\nd till he 0 dead4 ,?is /ory--! sc5e ( :i* 0 aft]w>ds transf]r$ to ,trz51 :i!r ,!seus 0 suppos$ to h fl$ on acc\nt ( a murd]--0 dealt ) 9 a t\*+ mann] by ! tragic poets4 ,! ,hippolytus ( ,euripides is /ill extant4 #f4 ,z a result ( ! c>ry+ (f ( ,antiope1 a second conte/ ) ! ,amazons 0 subsequ5tly inv5t$1 9 :i* ,!seus 0 engag$ alone1 & :i* took place 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( ,a!ns4 ,! ,amazons are suppos$ to h invad$ ,attica1 9 ord] to release _! que54 ,antiope1 h[ev]1 0 s enam\r$ ( ,!seus t %e refus$ to return1 & f\ght at h] husb&'s side1 aga9/ h] k9dr$1 until %e 0 sla94 ,la/ly1 ,!seus is said to h tak5 "p 9 ! ,calydonian bo> hunt1 & also 9 ! exp$ition ( ! ,argonauts1 ( :i* we %all h m to say h]eaft]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ei4--;,elg9 ,!seus4 ,briti% ,museum4 ,! dea? ( ,!seus is commonly agre$ to h tak5 place 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--,he _h be5 depriv$ ( ! sov]eignty ( ,a!ns by ,m5e/heus1 :o 0 aid$ by ! ,dioscuri2 & !n )drew to ! isl& ( ,scyros4 ,"h he 0 at fir/ hospitably receiv$1 b subsequ5tly murd]$ 9 a trea*]\s mann] by ,lycom$es1 ! rul] ( ! isl&4 ,demophon1 ! son ( ,!seus1 is said to h aft]w>ds recov]$ 8 fa!r's k+dom4 ,at a /ill lat] p]iod ! bones ( ! h]o 7 br\ght to ,a!ns by ,cimon1 at ! comm& ( ! ,delphic oracle4 ,cimon is also suppos$ to h caus$ ! erection ( ! temple ( ,!seus1 :i* /ill exi/s 9 ,a!ns1 & s]ves z an art museum4 ,! eigh? day ( e mon? 0 held sacr$ to ,!seus1 besides :i* he _h a special fe/ival1 call$ ! ,!sea1 on ! eigh? ( ,pyanepsion4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fj4--,!seus ,lift+ ! ,rock4 ,relief 9 ! ,villa ,albani4 ,art has foll[$ ! example ( ! poets & my?ologi/s 9 depict+ ,!seus z a second ,h]acles4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 ! *>act]i/ic diff]5ces t exi/$ betwe5 ! ,doric & ,ionic races become app>5t4 ,j z ! latt] race surpass$ ! =m] 9 ela/icity1 bo? ( m9d & body1 s _! national h]o gives tok5 n only ( a high] intellectual be+1 b also ( a body m li!1 & capable ( great] swiftness & dext]ity1 ?an t ( ! ,doric h]o4 ,! slight] & m elegant =m ( ,!seus lacks1 p]haps1 ! %e] brute /r5g? ( ,h]acles1 b is comp5sat$ by ! possession ( a f> great] degree ( activity & adroitness4 ,! expression ( face is m amiable & ! hair less bri/l+ ?an t ( ,h]acles1 :ile !re is g5]ally no be>d4 ,su* is ,!seus z depict$ by ,greek art at ! epo* ( its full developm5t2 lat] art /rove to r5d] ! =m ( ! body /ill m li! & graceful4 ,! co/ume ( ,!seus consi/s1 l t ( 8 prototype ,h]acles1 ( a lion's sk9 & club2 sometimes also ( ! *lamys & petasus ( ! ,attic y\?4 ,exi/+ art monum5ts are f> less num]\s 9 8 case ?an 9 t ( ,h]acles4 ,if ! explanation is correct1 ! ,briti% ,museum possesses a ,!seus ( priceless value4 ,among ! /atues ( ! ,p>!non :i* h be5 pres]v$1 !re is "o ( a figure neglig5tly recl9+ on a lion's sk91 :i*1 ) ! exception ( ! nose1 h&s1 & feet1 is 9 a tol]ably good /ate ( pres]vation 7,fig4 #ei74 ,x belong$ to ! great gr\p ( ! ea/ gable1 :i* repres5t$ ! fir/ appe>ance ( ! new-born ,a!ne to ! a/oni%$ gods4 ,x is ! figure ( a y\? 9 8 prime1 some:at l>g] ?an life1 & altoge!r a p]fect ideal ( manly beauty4 ,a repres5tation ( ! conflict ( ,!seus ) ! invad+ army ( ! ,amazons /ill exi/s on a l>ge piece ( frieze-"w1 :i*1 toge!r ) ! repres5tations ( ! battle ( ! ,lapi? & ,c5taurs 7:i* h be5 already m5tion$71 =m]ly decorat$ ! walls ( ! %r9e ( ,apollo's temple 9 ,phigalia1 & is n[ ! prop]ty ( ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,among ! ,greek w>riors ,!seus may be easily recognis$ by 8 lion's sk9 & ! club1 :i* he is 9 ! act ( sw++ aga9/ a m\nt$ ,amazon1 probably ! lead] ( ! ho/ile army4 ,we give an engrav+ ( ! sc5e :]e ,!seus obta9$ ! sword & s&als ( 8 fa!r f b5ea? ! rock1 aft] a relief 9 ! ,villa ,albani 7,fig4 #fj74 #h4 ,cretan ,leg5d4--#a4 ,m9os & ! ,m9otaur4--,cretan my?s are bo? obscure & difficult ( int]pretation1 because ,phnician & ,phrygian influ5ces made !mselves felt at a v e>ly p]iod1 & native s\rces fail u4 ,m9os is commonly suppos$ to h be5 ! fir/ k+ ( ! c\ntry4 ,he 0 ! son ( ,zeus & ,europa1 :o is call$ 9 ,hom] a daught] ( ,phnix4 ,?is ,phnix 0 subsequ5tly made into ,ag5or1 a ,phnician1 k+ ( ,sidon2 & ! /ory !n arose t ,zeus1 9 ! =m ( a :ite bull1 _h c>ri$ (f ,europa1 & arriv$ ) 8 lovely prey 9 ,crete4 ,europa is !re said to h giv5 bir? to ,m9os1 ,rhadaman?ys 7,rhadaman?us71 & "s say ,s>p$on4 ,%e aft]w>ds m>ri$ ,a/]ion1 :o br\ght up ! sons ( ,zeus z 8 own *ildr51 &1 at 8 dea?1 left ! k+dom to ,m9os4 ,he1 aft] expell+ 8 bro!rs ,s>p$on & ,rhadaman?us1 became sole k+ ( ,crete4 ,( 8 bro!rs1 ,s>p$on w5t to ,lycia1 :il/ ! pi\s ,rhadaman?us f\nd a refuge 9 ,botia4 ,m9os next m>ri$ ,pasipha1 a daught] ( ,helios & ,p]ses1 by :om he became ! fa!r ( ,catreus1 :o succe$$ him1 ,deucalion1 ,glaucus1 & ,&rogeos1 besides sev]al daught]s1 ( :om ! mo/ celebrat$ are ,ariadne & ,phdra4 ,m9os gave wise laws to 8 p1 & became supreme at sea among ! isles ( ! gean ,sea1 & ev5 z f> z ,attica4 ,9 8 "n we f9d ! same root 7mean+ 8to ?9k07 :i* we h se5 9 ,m9]va1 & :i* appe>s 9 ! "n ( ! ,indian lawgiv] ,manu4 ,9 ord] to v9dicate 8 "r to ! cr[n1 ,m9os bes\ght ,poseidon to s5d him a bull out ( ! sea1 :i* he 0 !n to sacrifice to ! god4 ,poseidon grant$ 8 pray]1 b ,m9os 0 induc$ by ! beauty ( ! animal to place x among 8 own h]ds4 ,z a puni%m5t ( 8 p]fidy1 ,poseidon k9dl$ 9 ! brea/ ( ,pasipha an unnatural love = ! bull1 & ! fruit ( _! connection 0 ! ,m9otaur4 ,?is 0 a mon/]1 half man & half bull1 :i* ,m9os %ut up 9 ! labyr9? t _h be5 made by ! skill ( ,ddalus4 ,! food ( ! mon/] consi/$ ( human be+s1 :o 7 p>tly crim9als & p>tly y\?s & maid5s1 s5t z tribute f ! subjugat$ c\ntries4 ,?is la/$ until ,!seus came to ,crete1 &1 ) ! aid ( ,ariadne & ,ddalus1 de/roy$ ! ,m9otaur4 ,su* is ! sub/ance ( ?is p]plex+ my?ical tradition1 ( :i* ! simple/ int]pretation is t ! ,m9otaur 0 orig9ally an anci5t idol ( ! ,phnician sun-god ,baal1 :i* _h ! =m ( a bull1 & to :i* human sacrifices 7 (f]$4 ,! de/ruction ( ! ,m9otaur by ,!seus is a symbol ( ! triumph ( ! high] ,greek civilisation ov] ,phnician b>b>ism1 & ! consequ5t abolition ( human sacrifices4 ,closely connect$ ) ! royal family ( ,crete we f9d ,ddalus1 ! mo/ celebrat$ arti/ ( ! leg5d>y p]iod4 ,he is said to h be5 a son ( ,metion1 & a desc5dant ( ,ere*!us1 & to h fl$ f ,a!ns to ,crete aft] murd]+ 8 nephew ,talus 9 a fit ( pr(essional jeal\sy4 ,dur+ 8 resid5ce 9 ,crete he con/ruct$ ! ,labyr9?1 an und]gr\nd build+ ) an endless maze ( passages1 z a dwell+-place = ! ,m9otaur2 besides _m o!r wond]ful works ( art4 ,= hav+ aid$ ,!seus 9 8 combat ) ! ,m9otaur1 ,ddalus & 8 son ,ic>us 7 bo? imprison$ 9 ! ,labyr9? ( ,m9os4 ,! /ory ( 8 flight1 :i* he accompli%$ by means ( ! artificial w+s t he made = himself & 8 son1 is well kn[n f ! ,metamorphoses ( ,ovid4 ,ic>us fell into ! sea t is nam$ aft] him1 & 0 dr[n$1 b ,ddalus rea*$ ,cum 9 safety4 ,f ?is place he pass$ ov] to ,sicily1 :]e he 0 hospitably receiv$ by ,cocalus4 ,:5 ,m9os1 h[ev]1 pursu$ ! fugitive & dem&$ 8 surr5d]1 n only 0 8 reque/ refus$1 b he 0 ev5 put to dea? by ! contrivance ( ! k+'s daught]s4 ,( ! o!r sons ( ,m9os1 ,deucalion is celebrat$ z hav+ tak5 "p 9 ! ,calydonian bo> hunt1 & also z ! fa!r ( ! h]o ,idom5eus1 :o f\ght aga9/ ,troy4 ,glaucus 0 kill$1 :ile yet a boy1 by fall+ into a cask ( honey z he 0 pursu+ a m\se4 ,he is report$1 h[ev]1 to h be5 re/or$ to life by ! ,cor9?ian augur ,polyidus1 or1 accord+ to o!rs1 by ,asclepius himself4 #b4 ,talos4--,! leg5d ( ,talos1 ! braz5 man1 betrays likewise a ,phnician orig91 & ref]s to ! cruel practice ( (f]+ human sacrifices4 ,?is ,talos 0 made ( brass1 & 0 invuln]able4 ,heph/us1 or1 z o!rs say1 ,zeus gave him to ,m9os z gu>dian ( ! isl& ( ,crete1 r\nd :i* he travell$ ?rice a-day4 ,if he p]ceiv$ any /rang]s approa* he w\ld spr+ into ! fire1 &1 aft] becom+ r$-hot1 he w\ld clasp !m to 8 brea/1 until !y expir$ b5ea? ! s>donic *uckle ( ! demon4 ,he attempt$ to drive (f ! ,argonauts ) /ones1 b 0 de/roy$ by ! skill ( ,m$ea4 ,talos _h a s+le ve91 :i* ran f 8 head to 8 feet1 & 0 clos$ at ! top ) a nail4 ,?is nail ,m$ea clev]ly succe$$ 9 extract+1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ,talos bl$ to dea?4 ,,iv4--,,comb9$ ,,und]tak+s ,,( ,,! ,,lat] ,,h]oic ,,age4 #a4 ,! ,calydonian ,hunt4--,! /ory ( ,meleag] & ! ,calydonian bo> hunt 0 und\bt$ly1 9 its orig91 no?+ m ?an a prov9cial my? bas$ on natural ph5om5a1 l o!r my?s t we h already expla9$4 ,9 ?is case ! physical significance involv$ 9 ! my? soon disappe>$1 ow+ to ! treatm5t x receiv$ at ! h&s ( ! epic & dramatic poets4 ,! poets1 9 fact1 succe$$ 9 introduc+ "s /rik+ e?ical conceptions1 :i* absorb$ all high] int]e/4 neus1 k+ ( ,calydon 9 tolia1 on ! occasion ( a great fe/ival :i* 0 celebrat$ aft] a successful v9tage1 _h accid5tally or purposely omitt$ to sacrifice to ,artemis4 ,to puni% ?is neglect %e s5t a huge wild bo>1 :i* deva/at$ ! fields ( ,calydon1 & seem$ inv9cible by any ord9>y means on acc\nt ( its va/ size4 ,meleag]1 ! brave & h]oic son ( neus1 !re=e assembl$ m5 & h\nds 9 great numb] to slay x4 ,! bo> 0 sla92 b ,artemis /irr$ up /rife ov] ! head & hide betwe5 ! tolians & ! ,curetes ( ,pleuron4 ,at fir/ ! =m] 7 victori\s2 b :5 ,meleag] )drew 9 wra? f ! battle because 8 "m _h curs$ him = ! dea? ( h] bro!r1 !y 7 no long] able to keep ! field1 & soon saw _! city closely inve/$ by _! enemies4 ,9 va9 did ! eld]s & prie/s ( ,calydon besee* ,meleag]2 9 va9 did 8 fa!r1 si/]s1 & ev5 "m besee* him to aid 8 h>d-press$ c\ntrym54 ,l ,a*illes 9 ! ,trojan w>1 :5 he 0 wro? ) ,agamemnon on acc\nt ( ! loss ( ,briseis1 ,meleag] long refus$ to /ir4 ,at la/ 8 wife--! beautiful ,cleopatra--succe$$ 9 mov+ him4 ,he donn$ 8 arm\r1 & put himself at ! head ( 8 c\ntrym5 = a sally aga9/ ! besieg]s4 ,brilliant1 inde$1 0 ! victory ( ! m5 ( ,calydon2 b ! h]o ,meleag] did n return f ! battle1 = ! cruel ,er9yes1 :o _h he>d 8 "m's curse1 de/roy$ him ) ! arr[s ( ,apollo4 ,su* is ! e>lie/ =m ( ! leg5d1 z x exi/s 9 ! ,iliad4 ,9 "t1 h[ev]1 ,meleag] 0 said to h call$ toge!r aga9/ ! bo> all ! r5[n$ h]oes ( ,greece4 ,among o!rs !re came ! ,dioscuri1 ,ca/or & ,pollux2 ,!seus & 8 fri5d ,piri?os2 ,idas & ,lynceus1 ! sons ( ,aph>eus2 ,admetus ( ,ph]2 ,jason1 f ,iolcus2 ,iphicles & ,iolas1 f ,!bes2 ,peleus1 ! fa!r ( ,a*illes2 ,telamon1 f ,salamis2 ,ancu & ! beautiful huntress ,atalante 7,atalanta71 f ,arcadia2 besides ! soo?say] ,amphi>as1 f ,argos4 ,aft] neus _h ent]ta9$ 8 gue/s royally = n9e days1 ! hunt began1 & ! huge bea/1 :i* 0 z l>ge z an ox1 0 surr\nd$ & driv5 f its lair4 ,atalante1 ! swift huntress1 0 ! fir/ to inflict a w\nd4 ,ancu !n advanc$ ) 8 battle-axe1 b ! enrag$ bea/1 ) "o /roke ( 8 dreadful tusks1 tore op5 8 body & kill$ him on ! spot4 ,at l5g? ! mon/] receiv$ a mortal w\nd f a spe> hurl$ by ! p[]ful arm ( ,meleag]1 & 0 soon despat*$ by ! re/4 ,meleag] receiv$ z 8 due ! head & hide ( ! slaught]$ animal1 b resign$ ! prize to ,atalante1 ( :om he 0 enam\r$1 on ! gr\nd t %e 0 ! fir/ to w\nd ! bo>4 ,?is act excit$ ! bitt] jeal\sy ( ,plexippus & ,toxeus1 ! sons ( ,!/ius1 k+ ( ,pleuron1 & bro!rs ( ,al?a1 ! "m ( ,meleag]4 ,!y accord+ly lay 9 wait = ,atalante1 & robb$ h] ( ! pres5t4 ,enrag$ at ?is1 ,meleag] slew !m bo?4 ,b ,meleag]'s dea?1 ?\gh caus$ by ! wra? ( 8 "m1 0 work$ out diff]5tly 9 ! "t ( ! tragic poets4 ,! ,fates _h appe>$ to ,al?a1 soon aft] ! bir? ( ,meleag]1 & in=m$ h] t h] son w\ld only live until a c]ta9 br&1 :i* 0 !n burn+ on ! fire1 0 consum$4 ,al?a imm$iately snat*$ ! br& f ! flames & c>efully treasur$ x up4 ,aft] ,meleag] _h sla9 h] bro!rs1 9 ! fir/ outbur/ ( grief & indignation aga9/ h] son1 %e plac$ ! br& aga9 9 ! fire1 & ?us cut (f ! noble h]o 9 ! prime ( 8 y\? & beauty4 ,al?a1 on le>n+ ! unhappy fate ( h] son1 full ( sorr[ = h] ha/y de$1 put an end to h] own life4 #b4 ,! ,argonauts4--,! /ory ( ! ,argonauts exp]i5c$ a simil> fate to t ( ! ,calydonian hunt4 ,x 0 orig9ally no?+ b a my? bas$ on natural ph5om5a2 b 9 ! h&s ( ! poets x swell$ to a mass ( leg5ds common to all ! tribes ( ,greece1 ! nucleus ( :i* 0 ! hi/ory ( ! gold5 fleece4 ,a?amas1 ! son ( olus1 0 k+ ( ! ,m9y4 ,he put away 8 fir/ wife1 ,nephele 7cl\d71 9 ord] to m>ry ,ino1 ! daught] ( ,cadmus2 ?\gh he /ill kept ,phrixus 7ra9-%[]7 & ,helle 7ray ( light71 8 *ildr5 by ,nephele1 ) him4 ,by ,ino he _h two o!r *ildr51 ,le>*us & ,melic]tes1 :om _! "m naturally pref]r$ to h] /ep*ildr51 & = ^: sake %e endeav\r$ to drive ! latt] f _! fa!r's h\se4 ,soon aft]w>ds1 ei!r at ! comm& ( ,nephele1 :om "s repres5t z a goddess1 or 9 consequ5ce ( h] pray]s = ! puni%m5t ( ,a?amas1 ! l& 0 visit$ ) a long dr\ght1 & ,ino p]suad$ h] husb& to sacrifice ,phrixus z a s9-(f]+ to ,zeus1 9 ord] to put an end to ! calamity4 ,:e!r ,helle 0 to h %>$ h] bro!r's fate we _c tell1 =1 be=e ,ino c\ld accompli% h] purpose1 ,nephele came to ! assi/ance ( h] *ildr51 & gave !m a w+$ ram ) a gold5 fleece1 :i* ,h]mes _h pres5t$ to h] = t purpose4 ,seat$ on ?is ram !y fl$ ov] ! sea to ,col*is4 ,on ! way ,helle fell into t "p ( ! sea :i* be>s h] "n1 & 0 dr[n$1 b ,phrixus arriv$ safely 9 ,col*is 7a71 :]e he sacrific$ ! ram to ,zeus1 :o _h pres]v$ him 9 8 flight4 ,! fleece he hung up 9 ! grove ( ,ares z a sacr$ treasure1 sett+ ov] x a t]rible1 ev]-wat*ful dragon z its gu>dian4 ,to fet* ?is treasure f a =eign l&1 & !reby to release ! c\ntry & p ( ! ,m9y f ! calamity ) :i* !y 7 oppress$1 0 ! task ( ! h]oes ( ! race ( olus4 ,a?amas 0 s griev$ at ! evil he _h br\ght on 8 c\ntry t he became insane1 & s\ght to slay ,ino & h] *ildr54 ,he did1 inde$1 kill ,le>*us by da%+ him aga9/ a rock1 b ,ino succe$$ 9 sav+ h]self & h] y\ng] *ild ,melic]tes by leap+ into ! sea 7cf4 ,ino ,leuco!a74 ,a?amas !n fl$ to ,epirus1 & ! k+dom devolv$ on 8 bro!r ,cre!us4 ,cre!us m>ri$ ,tyro1 ! daught] ( 8 y\ng] bro!r ,salmoneus1 k+ ( ,elis4 ,tyro bore him ?ree sons1 ! elde/ ( :om1 son1 succe$$ 8 fa!r 9 ! k+dom1 b 0 soon aft] expell$ by 8 /ep-bro!r ,pelias1 :o is describ$ z a son ( ,tyro & ,poseidon4 son ) difficulty manag$ to rescue 8 little son ,jason f ! h&s ( ,pelias1 & br\ght him to ! ,c5taur ,*iron to be educat$4 ,9 ,*iron's cave ! "y h]o grew up1 a fav\rite ) gods & m54 ,aft] complet+ 8 tw5tie? ye>1 he betook himself to ,iolcus to dem& ( 8 uncle 8 rightful inh]itance4 ,pelias1 n d>+ to use viol5ce to ! /urdy y\?1 endeav\r$ to get rid ( 8 unwelcome gue/ by involv+ him 9 a mo/ dang]\s adv5ture4 ,he decl>$ t he w\ld gladly resign ! cr[n if ,jason w\ld recov] ! gold5 fleece f ,col*is4 ,jason1 l a true h]o1 at once accept$ ! p]il\s adv5ture4 ,9 ! h>b\r ( ,iolcus he caus$ a l>ge %ip ) fifty o>s to be con/ruct$1 :i* he call$ ! 8,argo10 aft] its build]1 ,argus4 ,he !n call$ toge!r ! h]oes1 :o _h cons5t$ at 8 invitation to take "p 9 ! exp$ition4 ,9 ! orig9al v]sion ( ! /ory1 ! exp$ition 0 /at$ to h be5 und]tak5 only by ! h]oes ( ! race ( ! ,m9y--su* z ,aca/us1 ,admetus1 & ,p]iclym5us4 ,at a lat] p]iod1 h[ev]--:5 ! date ( ! exp$ition _h be5 fix$ at "o g5]ation be=e ! ,trojan w>--no h]o ( any note 0 all[$ to be abs5t f ! und]tak+4 ,9 ?is mann] 7 add$ ! ,dioscuri1 ! sons ( ,boreas1 ,calas & ,zetes1 ,telamon1 ,peleus1 ,meleag]1 ,tydeus1 ,iphitus1 ,!seus1 ,orpheus1 ,amphi>as1 & ev5 ,h]acles4 ,9 ! la/ case1 ! incongruity ( all[+ ! h]o to play only a subord9ate "p 0 soon felt1 & 8 "n 0 )drawn4 ,he 0 said to h be5 left beh9d 9 ,mysia1 :]e he _h l&$ 9 ord] to se>* = 8 fav\rite ,hylas1 :o _h be5 c>ri$ (f by ! ,naiads4 ,! numb] ( ! ,argonauts 0 f9ally comput$ at fifty1 tally+ ) ! numb] ( o>s4 ,! exp$ition proce$$ f ,iolcus to ,lemnos1 & !nce ?r\gh ! ,hellespont to ,cyzicus1 :]e !y 7 k9dly receiv$ by ! ,doliones4 ,f ,cyzicus !y proce$$ to ,bi?ynia1 :]e !y 7 oppos$ by ! ,bebryces1 ^: k+1 ,amycus1 0 sla9 by ,pollux 9 a box+ mat*4 ,_! greate/ difficulty lay 9 ! passage ( ! ,bosporus1 !re be+ at ! entrance ( ! ,pontus 7,black ,sea7 two t]rible rocks1 :i* 7 9 con/ant motion--n[ retreat+ to ! %ore on ei!r side1 n[ ha/ily da%+ toge!r aga92 :5ce !y 7 call$ ! ,symplegades4 ,?is occurr$ s rapidly t ev5 ! swifte/ vessel _h n "t en\gh to get ?r\gh4 ,! ,argonauts 7 9 great p]plexity4 ,at l5g? ! bl9d se] ,ph9eus1 :o dwelt 9 ,?racian ,salmydessus1 & ^: gratitude !y won by deliv]+ him f ! ,h>pies :o _h torm5t$ him1 assi/$ !m ) 8 advice4 ,by means ( a /ratagem he recomm5d$ !y 7 enabl$ to br+ ! ,argo ?r\gh )\t any consid]able damage1 aft] :i* ! ,symplegades rema9$ /ation>y4 ,aft] ?is !y /ood along ! s\? coa/ t[>ds _! de/9ation1 :i*1 9 ! orig9al leg5d1 appe>s to h be5 ! utt]ly fabul\s a1 subsequ5tly conv]t$ into ,col*is4 ,?is 0 ! resid5ce ( ! mighty k+ etes1 a son ( ! sun-god4 ,to rob him1 ei!r by craft or by viol5ce1 ( ! gold5 fleece 0 ! task ( ,jason1 ! lead] ( ! ,argonauts4 ,! second prom95t "* 9 ! /ory1 ,m$ea1 ! daught] ( etes1 n[ makes h] appe>ance4 ,x 01 9 fact1 only ?r\gh h] love t ,jason 0 enabl$ to surm\nt ! va/ ob/acles :i* /ood betwe5 him & ! possession ( ! gold5 fleece4 ,:5 ! h]o dem&$ ! fleece ( etes1 ! latt] decl>$ t he w\ld deliv] x up to him aft] he _h accompli%$ two tasks4 ,! fir/ 0 to h>ness two braz5-foot$1 fire-brea?+ bulls1 :i* etes _h receiv$ f ,heph/us1 to a pl\gh1 & ) !m to till an uncultivat$ field4 ,! second 0 to s[ 9 ! furr[s ! dragon's tee? t etes w\ld give him1 & to de/roy ! arm$ m5 :i* w\ld !n spr+ up4 ,jason's he>t fail$ him on he>+ ^! conditions1 b ,m$ea1 :o 0 an en*antress & prie/ess ( ,hecate1 0 equal to ! occasion4 ,%e gave ! h]o a magic salve to protect him aga9/ ! fi]y brea? ( ! bulls & to end[ him ) inv9cible /r5g?1 :i* enabl$ him to accompli% 8 fir/ task successfully4 ,9 ! case ( ! arm$ m5 :o sprang f ! dragon's tee?1 by ! advice ( ,m$ea he foll[$ ! example ( ,cadmus1 & ca/ among !m a heavy /one1 :]eupon 9 bl9d fury !y turn$ _! arms aga9/ ea* o!r1 & 7 all de/roy$4 ,! conditions impos$ ^u him by etes 7 ?us accompli%$2 b ! k+1 :o p]ceiv$ t ,jason _h only succe$$ ?r\gh ! aid ( 8 daught]1 made ?is a pretext = refus+ to surr5d] ! fleece4 ,jason !n remov$ x by night f ! grove ( ,ares1 aft] ,m$ea _h1 by means ( h] en*antm5ts1 lull$ ! wat*ful dragon to sleep4 ,t same night ! ,argonauts emb>k$ on bo>d _! %ip & put to sea1 ,m$ea accompany+ !m z ! future wife ( ,jason4 ,! wra?ful etes attempt$ to ov]take ! fugitives1 b ,m$ea succe$$ 9 /ay+ ! pursuit by slay+ h] y\ng] bro!r ,apsyrtus1 :om %e _h br\ght ) h]1 & scatt]+ 8 limbs 9 ! sea4 ,! mo/ div]se acc\nts exi/ z to ! road tak5 by ! ,argonauts on _! homew>d j\rney4 ,"s say t !y sail$ up ! ,phasis to ! ,ea/]n ,sea1 & !n1 pass+ ?r\gh ! ,r$ ,sea & ,libyan des]t1 ov] :i* !y _h to c>ry ! ,argo twelve days' j\rney1 came to ,lake ,tritonis1 & !nce to ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,accord+ to ano!r acc\nt1 !y s\ght to pass ?r\gh ! ,i/] 7,danube7 & ,eridanus 7,po7 to ! ,we/]n ,ocean2 b ! object ( ?is acc\nt 0 manife/ly to subject !m to ! same vicissitudes & adv5tures z ,odysseus & 8 companions4 ,at l5g? ,jason l&$ happily 9 ,iolcus1 & deliv]$ ! gold5 fleece into ! h&s ( 8 uncle4 ,pelias1 h[ev]1 /ill refus$ to surr5d] ! k+dom to ,jason1 & ,m$ea !re=e det]m9$ to make away ) him by craft4 ,hav+ p]suad$ ! daught]s ( ,pelias t %e possess$ a means ( mak+ ! old man "y aga91 %e direct$ !m to slay _! fa!r1 cut him 9 pieces1 & boil ! limbs 9 a cauldron fill$ ) all mann] ( h]bs2 ?is !y did 9 ! va9 expectation ( see+ him re/or$ to y\?4 ,jason n[ took possession ( 8 fa!r's k+dom1 b 0 soon aft]w>ds expell$ by ,aca/us1 ! son ( ,pelias1 & took refuge 9 ,cor9?4 ,8 subsequ5t mis=tunes are well kn[n4 ,?9k+ to bett] 8 condition1 he 0 ab\t to m>ry ,cresa1 ! daught] ( ! k+ ( ,cor9?1 :5 he 0 arre/$ by ! fe>ful v5geance ( 8 fir/ wife4 ,m$ea s5t ! bride a poison$ g>m5t1 :i* caus$ h] to die an agonis+ dea?1 & !n slew h] own *ildr5 by ,jason2 aft] :i* %e fl$ 9 h] *>iot drawn by w+$ dragons to ,a!ns1 :]e %e long f\nd protection at ! c\rt ( geus4 ,jason ei!r put an end to 8 own life1 or 0 kill$ by ! fall ( a rott5 beam ( ! ,argo4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( ! gold5 fleece we h "o ( ! mo/ widely spread my?s ( all1 namely1 t ( ! loss & recov]y ( a treasure4 ,9 ,teutonic tradition we h ! treasure ( ! ,nibelungs1 9 :i* ! v "n is almo/ id5tical2 & if we include ! /ories ( wom5 c>ri$ (f & rescu$1 ! li/ becomes endless4 ,& ! treasure ( all ^? /ories has be5 int]pret$ to be ! gold5 cl\ds4 ,! ,dragon :i* gu>ds ! treasure aga9 appe>s 9 ! /ory ( ! apples ( ! ,hesp]ides1 & is closely alli$ to ! ,sph9x4 #c4 ,! ,!ban ,cycle4--,! highly tragic hi/ory ( ! ,!ban h\se ( ! ,labdacid1 teem+ z x does ) important *>act]s & ev5ts1 has at all times furni%$ subjects = ,greek art & poetry1 & has giv5 bir? to a :ole s]ies ( epic & dramatic works4 ,! =m]1 :i* w\ld h conduc$ f> m to an exact acqua9tance ) ! leg5d1 h1 un=tunately1 p]i%$1 ) ! exception ( a few unimportant fragm5ts2 al?\gh _m important works ( ! great tragic poets1 s*ylus1 ,sophocles1 & ,euripides1 relat+ to ! subject1 /ill rema94 ,! common acc\nt runs ?us3--,laius1 a great-gr&son ( ,cadmus1 0 w>n$ by ! oracle to beget no *ildr51 z he 0 doom$ to p]i% by ! h&s ( 8 son1 :o w\ld !n m>ry 8 "m4 ,:5 8 wife ,ioca/e gave bir? to a son1 ,laius accord+ly expos$ ! *ild1 ) its feet pi]c$1 on ,m\nt ,ci?ron4 ,! *ild1 call$ dipus f ! swell+ ( its feet1 did n die1 b 0 f\nd by "s ,cor9?ian %eph]ds1 :o br\ght x to ,polybus1 k+ ( ,cor9?4 ,polybus1 hav+ no *ildr5 ( 8 own1 adopt$ dipus1 :o grew up 9 ! belief t ,polybus & ,m]ope 7 8 real p>5ts1 until "o day a taunt ( 8 companions z to 8 my/]i\s orig9 rais$ d\bts 9 8 m9d4 ,9 ord] to solve 8 misgiv+s1 he w5t to consult ! oracle ( ,delphi1 b he "h receiv$ only ! obscure direction n to return to 8 c\ntry1 s9ce1 if he did1 he w\ld kill 8 fa!r & m>ry 8 "m4 ,fe>+ on ?is acc\nt to return to ,cor9?1 he took ! road to ,!bes1 & ?us1 by 8 presumptu\s prud5ce1 br\ght ab\t ! v consequ5ces he 0 s anxi\s to avoid4 ,on ! road he 0 met by ,laius1 :o 0 on 8 way to ! oracle to ask its advice conc]n+ ! ,sph9x4 ,a qu>rel arose1 9 a n>r[ defile1 betwe5 ,laius & dipus2 & dipus slew 8 fa!r )\t kn[+ :o he 04 ,on arriv+ at ,!bes he succe$$ 9 deliv]+ ! c\ntry f ! ,sph9x4 ,?is mon/]1 :i* _h ! comb9$ =m ( a woman & a lion1 _h be5 s5t by ,h]a1 :om ,laius _h 9 "s way (f5d$1 f ,e?iopia to deva/ate ! l& ( ,!bes4 ,seat$ on a rock close to ! t[n1 %e put to e "o t pass$ by a riddle1 & :oev] 0 unable to solve x1 %e ca/ f ! rock into a deep abyss4 ,?is calamity induc$ ,creon1 on ! dea? ( 8 bro!r-9-law ,laius1 to proclaim t :oev] solv$ ! riddle %\ld obta9 ! cr[n & ! h& ( ,ioca/e4 dipus succe$$ 9 solv+ x1 & ?us deliv]$ ! c\ntry f ! mon/]1 :o ca/ h]self into ! abyss4 ,! ,sph9x belongs to ! same family z _m ( ! mon/]s we h spok5 ( already2 %e is call$ by ,hesiod ! *ild ( ,or?ros & ,*imra1 :om we h se5 to be ! daught] ( ,typhon & ,e*idna4 ,x w\ld seem1 !re=e1 probable t ! conte/ betwe5 h] & h] oppon5t may be int]pret$ 9 ! same way z t ( ,bell]ophon & ! ,*imra1 or ( ,zeus & ,typhon4 ,9 support ( ?is1 ! foll[+ consid]ations may be adduc$4 ,s9ce we "k t ?und] 0 suppos$ to be a w>n+ or enc\ragem5t to m51 x is easy to see 9 x ! my/]i\s voice ( ! cl\d1 only intelligible to ! wise/ ( m54 ,h5ce ! conqu]or ( ! cl\d 0 call$ ! man :o und]/ood h] language4 7,x w\ld n a little help ?is idea1 t dipus might seem d]iv$ f a ^w mean+ 8to "k407 ,!n ! dea? ( ! ,sph9x w be ! cl\d fall+ ^u ! e>? 9 ! %ape ( ra94 dipus1 on ! o!r h&1 w be ! same antagoni/ z we h be=e se5 victori\s ov] ! cl\d dragons2 ! sun1 born helpless1 ris+ to take ! k+dom aft] ! slaught] ( 8 enemies1 yet at la/ s9k+ bl9d$ into an unkn[n grave4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 does n cov] ! crimes laid to 8 *>ge4 ,b !y h be5 expla9$ 9 ?is way3 t :5 p lo/ consci\sness ( ! real mean+ ( ! mis=tunes ( dipus1 !y ca/ ab\t = "s adequate cause1 & f\nd "o 9 ! two great crimes ( ince/ & p>ricide4 ,we h se5 some?+ simil> to ?is 9 ! case ( ,ixion4 ,fur!r1 ! names ( ! wives assign$ by v>i\s writ]s to dipus are connect$ ) ! light1 & ! "n ,laius has be5 int]pret$ z 8enemy0 ( ! light4 ,sph9x itself signifies 8?rottl]40 ,9 art1 ! ,sph9x _h ! =m ( a lion1 g5]ally 9 a recumb5t position1 ) ! brea/ & upp] "p ( a beautiful woman4 ,:5 ! ,greeks saw simil> figures 9 ,egypt1 !y naturally gave !m ! "n ( ,sph9x4 ,b "n1 family1 & mean+ ( ! ,sph9x are alike ,greek1 al?\gh ! ,egyptian /atues h tak5 too firm possession ( ! "n ev] to lose x4 ,anci5t ,egyptian art revell$ 9 ! creation ( colossal ,sph9xes1 :i* 7 c>v$ out ( granite4 ,a notable example ( ?is k9d exi/s 9 ! giant ,sph9x ne> ! ,pyramids ( ,gizeh1 :i* is eighty-n9e feet long4 ,f su* mon/r\s figures z ^!1 ,greek art held alo(4 dipus 0 rew>d$ ) ! sov]eignty ( ,!bes & ! h& ( ,ioca/e2 & = sev]al ye>s he enjoy$ un9t]rupt$ happ9ess1 surr\nd$ by f\r bloom+ *ildr51 ! fruit ( 8 ince/u\s m>riage4 ,by ! secret ag5cy ( ! goddess1 ! dreadful tru? 0 at l5g? discov]$4 ,ioca/e hang$ h]self1 & dipus1 9 despair1 put out 8 own eyes4 ,n cont5t ) ?is volunt>y p5ance1 ! h>d-he>t$ ,!bans compell$ him besides to leave _! city & c\ntry1 :ile 8 sons ,eteocles & ,polynices1 :o 7 n[ gr[n up1 refus$ to /ir a foot 9 _! fa!r's behalf4 dipus1 aft] invok+ bitt] curses on _! heads1 )drew1 &1 guid$ by 8 fai?ful daught] ,antigone1 at la/ f\nd an asylum 9 ! grove ( ! ,eum5ides at ,colonus1 ne> ,a!ns4 ,8 grave !re 0 reg>d$1 9 consequ5ce ( an anci5t response ( ! oracle1 z a national treasure4 ,! curse ( _! fa!r took effect on 8 unnatural sons4 ,! eld]1 ,eteocles1 drove out 8 bro!r ,polynices1 :o !n s\ght ! assi/ance ( ,adra/us1 k+ ( ,argos4 ,adra/us 0 a gr&son ( ,bias1 ( ! race ( ! ,amy?aonid1 & by 8 m>riage ) ! daught] ( ! weal?y ,polybus acquir$ ! sov]eignty ( ,sicyon4 ,he n only hospitably receiv$ ! fugitive ,polynices1 b gave him 8 daught] 9 m>riage1 & promis$ to assi/ him 9 recov]+ ! cr[n ( ,!bes4 ,9 ?is exp$ition ,adra/us s\ght to ga9 ! aid ( ! o!r ,argive h]oes4 ,!y all decl>$ _! read9ess to accompany him1 ) ! exception ( ,amphi>as1 8 bro!r-9-law1 :o 0 equally r5[n$ = 8 wisdom & c\rage4 ,amphi>as 0 a great-gr&son ( ! celebrat$ se] ,melampus1 & inh]it$ f him ! gift ( prophecy4 ,he 0 ?us enabl$ to p]ceive ! disa/r\s t]m9ation ( ! w>1 & /rove to h9d] x4 ,b ,polynices & ! fi]y ,tydeus--likewise a son-9-law ( ,adra/us--7 s unceas+ 9 _! entreaties1 t he at l5g? s\ght to escape _! importunity by flight4 ,polynices1 h[ev]1 brib$ 8 wife ,eriphyle1 by ! pres5t ( a magnific5t necklace1 :i* _h =m]ly be5 giv5 to ,h>monia on ! occasion ( h] m>riage ) ,cadmus1 to betray 8 place ( concealm5t4 ,h]eupon ,amphi>as 0 oblig$ unwill+ly to jo9 ! exp$ition1 :i* end$ z he _h prophesi$4 ,! attack on ,!bes 0 n only repuls$1 b all ! ,argive lead]s1 ) ! exception ( ,adra/us1 :o 0 sav$ by ! fleetness ( 8 horse1 7 sla94 ,polynices & ,eteocles fell 9 s+le combat ) ea* o!r4 ,! flight ( ,adra/us to ,attica1 :]e he procur$ ! assi/ance ( ,!seus 9 compell+ ! ,!bans to grant ! fall5 h]oes a solemn burial1 is a feature unkn[n to ! orig9al leg5d1 & may be ascrib$ to ! patriotic impulses ( ! ,a!nian dramati/s4 ,! celebrat$ trag$y ( ,sophocles1 call$ ,antigone1 is bas$ on ! assumption t ,creon1 ! new k+ ( ,!bes1 all[$ ! burial ( ! o!r h]oes1 b left ,polynices to lie unburi$ on ! field l a dog1 & condemn$ ,antigone to dea? because %e v5tur$ to bury h] bro!r 9 despite ( 8 comm&4 ,creon 0 de/9$ to meet ) a dreadful retribution1 = 8 own son1 :o 0 betro!d to ,antigone1 kill$ himself 9 grief at h] fate4 ,t5 ye>s lat]1 ! sons ( ! fall5 h]oes are said to h comb9$ ) gialeus1 ! son ( ,adra/us1 to av5ge _! fa!rs' defeat4 ,?is exp$ition has !re=e be5 call$ ! w> ( ! ,epigoni 7desc5dants71 & n be+ und]tak51 l t ( _! fa!rs1 9 manife/ opposition to ! w ( ! gods1 prov$ successful4 ,laodamas1 ! savage son ( ,eteocles1 :o 0 n[ k+ ( ,!bes1 0 defeat$ 9 a decisive battle ne> ,!bes1 &1 aft] gialeus _h fall5 by 8 h&s1 0 himself sla9 by ,alcmon1 ! son ( ,amphi>as4 ,! ,!bans 7 unable any long] to hold _! city1 &1 foll[+ ! advice ( ! bl9d se] ,tiresias1 !y )drew "u ! cov] ( d>kness & mi/4 ,! ag$ ,tiresias expir$ on ! road1 at ! f\nta9 ( ,tilphusa2 ( ! re/1 "s took refuge 9 ,!ssalia1 & "s s\ght o!r l&s4 ,! victori\s ,argives1 aft] plund]+ & p>tly de/roy+ ! city1 d$icat$ a great portion ( ! booty--among :i* 0 ,manto1 ! daught] ( ,tiresias--to ! oracle ( ,delphi4 ,!y !n made ,!rs&]1 ! son ( ,polynices1 k+ ( ,!bes2 ^u :i* _m ( ! fugitive inhabitants return$4 ,!rs&] subsequ5tly took "p 9 ! ,trojan w>1 & !re p]i%$4 #d4 ,! ,trojan ,cycle4--,we n[ come to ! ,trojan w>1 ! f\r? & mo/ celebrat$ ( ! common und]tak+s ( ! lat] h]oic age4 ,"h ! s\rces ( our in=mation are f> m pl5tiful ?an 9 any =m] p]iod ( my?ic hi/ory1 because bo? ! gr& national epics1 ! ,iliad & ! ,odyssey1 :i* are commonly ascrib$ to ,hom]1 relate to ! ,trojan w>4 ,z ! cont5ts ( ^! immortal poems are probably well kn[n to our read]s1 we %all only dwell on ! mo/ ess5tial features ( ! /ory4 ,i4 ,,! ,,h]oic ,,races ,,( ,,! ,,trojan ,,w>4--#a4 ,! ,d>danid1 or race ( ,d>danus4--,! royal family ( ,troy 7 desc5d$ f ,d>danus1 a son ( ,zeus by ,electra1 a daught] ( ,atlas4 ,d>danus is said to h emigrat$ f ,samo?race1 or1 accord+ to o!rs1 f ,italy to ,arcadia1 to ! nor?-we/ portion ( ,asia ,m9or1 betwe5 ! range ( ,ida & ! ,hellespont1 :]e he receiv$ f k+ ,teuc] "s l& to =m a settlem5t4 ,by a daught] ( ! riv]-god ,simos1 or1 z o!rs say1 ( ,scam&]1 ,d>danus _h a son call$ ,tros1 f :om ! ,trojans d]iv$ _! "n4 ,tros _h ?ree sons--,ass>acus1 ,ilus1 & ,ganym$es4 ,! la/1 :o1 l all ! scions ( ! race ( ,d>danus1 0 possess$ ( wond]ful beauty1 0 rais$ by ,zeus to ! dignity ( cupbe>] to ! gods1 & ?us became immortal4 ,ilus & ,ass>acus became ! f\nd]s ( two diff]5t bran*es ( ! ,d>danian race4 ,! latt] rema9$ 9 8 native settlem5t ( ,d>dania1 :]e he became ! fa!r ( ,capys & ! gr&fa!r ( ,an*ises1 ! fa!r ( neas4 ,ilus1 on ! o!r h&1 emigrat$ to ! pla9s ( ! ,scam&]1 :]e he f\nd$ ! city ( ,ilium1 or ,troy4 ,aft] complet+ ! t[n1 he begg$ ,zeus to be/[ on him a sign ( 8 fav\r4 ,! next morn+ he f\nd 9 front ( 8 t5t ! celebrat$ ,palladium--an image ( ,pallas ,a!ne1 c>v$ 9 wood4 ,on ! possession ( ?is dep5d$ ! =tune & welf>e ( ! city4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,ilus1 8 son ,laom$on became k+ ( ,troy4 ,at 8 reque/1 ,poseidon & ,apollo built ! citadel ( ,p]gamum4 ,we h already relat$ h[ ?is k+1 by 8 fai?less conduct provok$ ! wra? ( ,h]acles1 & ! fir/ capture ( ! city4 ,( 8 sons only ,priam rema9$2 9 him ! race ( ,d>danus fl\ri%$ afre%1 = by 8 wife ,hecuba & by 8 concub9es he _h a great numb] ( sons & daught]s4 #b4 ,! ,pelopid1 or race ( ,pelops4--,! ,pelopid1 :o 7 *iefly in/rum5tal 9 ! de/ruction ( ,troy1 7 desc5d$ f ! ,phrygian k+ ,tantalus1 :o 0 r5[n$ alike = 8 unexampl$ good =tune & 8 subsequ5t unhappy fate4 ,he 0 ! son ( ,zeus & ,pluto 7ri* pl5ty71 & inhabit$ a citadel on ,m\nt ,sipylus1 :5ce 8 ri* pa/ure-l&s & fruitful corn-fields ext5d$ twelve days' j\rney1 z f> z ,ida & ! ,propontis4 ,! v gods hon\r$ him ) _! fri5d%ip1 & liv$ on su* intimate t]ms t !y invit$ him to eat at _! table4 ,?is unhe>d-( good =tune1 h[ev]1 begot 9 ! puny mortal su* presumption1 t he began to indulge 9 ! grosse/ outrages on gods & m54 ,at l5g? he w5t s f> z to cut 8 son ,pelops 9 pieces to boil !m1 & set !m be=e ! gods 9 ord] to te/ _! omnisci5ce4 ,! cup ( 8 iniquity n[ seem$ full1 & ! gods br\ght d[n a heavy retribution on ! head ( ! crim9al by 8 well-kn[n puni%m5t 9 ! l[] _w1 :]e1 ?\gh surr\nd$ by ! mo/ delici\s fruits1 & /&+ up to 8 neck 9 wat]1 he 0 nev]!less condemn$ to suff] ! pangs ( cont9ual hung] & ?ir/4 ,ano!r tradition relates t he 0 kept 9 con/ant anxiety by a huge rock :i* 0 susp5d$ ov] 8 head4 7,see pp4 #adi1 #aej47 ,! *ildr5 ( ,tantalus 7 ,pelops & ,niobe4 ,! unhappy fate ( ! latt] has already be5 describ$ 9 ! my?ic hi/ory ( ,!bes4 ,pelops 0 re/or$ to life by ! art ( ,h]mes2 & a portion ( 8 %\ld]1 :i* _h be5 consum$ by ,demet]1 0 replac$ by ! gods ) a piece ( ivory4 ,pelops is said to h gr[n up 9 ,olympus1 among/ ! bless$ gods4 ,on be+ re/or$ to e>?1 he proce$$ to ,elis1 :]e he became a suitor = ! h& ( ,hippodamia1 ! beautiful daught] ( ! k+ nomas4 ,! latt] _h promis$ 8 daught] to ! man :o %\ld vanqui% him 9 a *>iot race3 :oev] fail$ 0 oblig$ to expiate 8 tem]ity ) 8 life1 z nomas transfix$ him ) 8 un]r+ lance z he pass$4 ,?irte5 noble y\?s _h already suff]$ ?is fate1 :5 ,pelops appe>$ to und]go ! dang]\s ordeal4 ,by means ( ! untir+ w+$ horses :i* _h be5 giv5 him by ,poseidon1 & also by brib+ ,myrtilus1 ! ,k+'s *>iote]--:o1 be=e />t+1 )drew ! l9*-p9s f 8 ma/]'s *>iot or replac$ !m ) wax--he came (f victori\s4 nomas ei!r 0 kill$ by ! break+ d[n ( 8 *>iot1 or put an end to 8 own life on see+ himself vanqui%$4 ,pelops n[ obta9$ bo? ,hippodamia & ! k+dom ( ,elis2 b he ill rew>d$ ,myrtilus1 :o _h r5d]$ him su* valuable s]vice1 by ca/+ him into ! sea1 9 ord] to release himself f 8 obligations4 ,h]mes1 ^: son he is reput$ to h be51 set him among/ ! />s z *>iote]4 ,! sons ( ,pelops by ,hippodamia 7 ,atreus & ,?ye/es1 ^: hi/ory1 :i* is full ( ! mo/ revolt+ crimes1 =m$ a fav\rite subject ) ! tragic poets4 ,fir/1 ,atreus & ,?ye/es murd]$ _! /ep-bro!r ,*rysippus1 & 7 compell$ to leave _! c\ntry 9 company ) _! "m4 ,!y 7 hospitably receiv$ at ,myc5 by _! bro!r-9-law ,/h5elus1 ! son ( ,p]seus1 or by 8 son ,eury/heus4 ,on ,eury/heus' dea?1 !y inh]it$ ! sov]eignty ( ! ,p]sid 9 ,argos1 & ,atreus n[ took up 8 resid5ce 9 ! pr\d capital ( ,myc51 :5ce1 /range to say1 ! mo/ anci5t specim5 ( ,greek sculpture has come d[n to u 9 ! s-call$ ,gate ( ,lions4 ,soon an implacable enmity arose betwe5 ! two bro!rs1 & ,?ye/es1 9 consequ5ce1 0 bani%$ f ,argos4 ,he took ) him1 9 rev5ge1 ,plei/h5es1 ! "y son ( ,atreus1 br\ght him up z 8 own son1 & despat*$ him1 lat]1 to ,myc5 to kill ,atreus4 ,8 design 0 discov]$1 & he expiat$ 8 int5d$ crime ) 8 life4 ,:5 ,atreus le>n$ t x 0 8 own son :om he _h condemn$ to dea?1 he det]m9$ on a dreadful rev5ge4 ,pret5d+ to be reconcil$1 he recall$ ,?ye/es & 8 *ildr5 to ,myc52 & ,?ye/es1 tru/+ to 8 bro!r's ^w1 return$4 ,atreus !n privately seiz$ ! two "y sons ( ,?ye/es1 slew !m1 & set ?is horrible food be=e _! fa!r4 ,horror-/ruck at ?is inhuman cruelty1 ! sun turn$ 8 *>iot & w5t back 9 8 c\rse4 ,?ye/es1 utt]+ fe>ful curses aga9/ 8 bro!r & ! :ole race ( ! ,pelopid1 aga9 escap$1 & took refuge ) ,!sprotus1 k+ ( ,epirus4 ,lat]1 he succe$$1 ) ! help ( 8 only rema9+ son gi/hus1 9 av5g+ himself on 8 bro!r4 ,atreus 0 sla9 by gi/hus :il/ (f]+ up a sacrifice on ! sea-%ore1 & ,?ye/es n[ acquir$ ! sov]eignty ( ,myc54 ,! sons ( ,atreus1 ,agamemnon & ,m5elas1 fl$ f _! b>b>\s uncle to ,sp>ta1 :]e ,tynd>es1 ! k+1 receiv$ !m k9dly1 & gave !m 8 daught]s1 ,clytmne/ra & ,hel51 9 m>riage4 ,) 8 aid ,agamemnon recov]$ 8 fa!r's k+dom1 slew ,?ye/es1 & drove out gi/hus4 ,m5elas rema9$ 9 ,sp>ta--:]e he succe$$ ,tynd>es--until ! c>ry+ (f ( 8 wife ,hel5 by ,p>is gave rise to ! ,trojan w>4 #c4 ,! acid1 or race ( acus4--,aft] ! sons ( ,atreus1 ! acid play ! mo/ important "p 9 ! ,trojan w>2 9 fact1 we are almo/ ju/ifi$ 9 say+ t ! w> 0 an exploit ( ^! two races ( h]oes & _! peoples1 ! ,a*ans ( ,argos & ! ,hell5es ( ,ph?ia4 ,! ance/or ( ! acid 0 acus1 :o 0 r5[n$ alike = 8 wisdom & ju/ice1 & on ?is acc\nt subsequ5tly made a judge 9 ! l[] _w4 acus 0 a son ( ,zeus by g9a1 a daught] ( ! riv]-god ,asopus4 ,he rul$ ov] ! isl& ( g9a1 & m>ri$ ,endes1 ! daught] ( ! wise ,c5taur ,*iron4 ,%e bore him two sons1 ,peleus & ,telamon4 ,on rea*+ manhood !y 7 compell$ to leave _! c\ntry1 because1 l ! sons ( ,pelops1 !y _h murd]$1 9 a fit ( jeal\sy1 a /ep-bro!r :o 0 a fav\rite ) _! fa!r4 ,peleus betook himself to ,ph?ia1 :]e he 0 k9dly receiv$ by ,eurytion1 :o be/[$ on him ! h& ( 8 daught] & a ?ird "p ( 8 k+dom4 ,peleus aft]w>ds took "p 9 ! bo> hunt ( ,calydon1 on :i* occasion he _h ! mis=tune to kill 8 fa!r-9-law4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 he left ,ph?ia & proce$$ to ,iolcus1 :]e he took "p 9 ! fun]al games :i* ,aca/us 0 celebrat+ 9 hon\r ( 8 fa!r ,pelias1 :o _h p]i%$ by ! trea*]y ( ,m$ea4 ,"h he exp]i5c$ a simil> fate to t ( ,bell]ophon at ! c\rt ( ,prtus4 ,a/ydameia1 ! wife ( ,aca/us1 f9d+ h]self unable to s$uce him1 sl&]$ him to h] husb&1 :o !reupon s\ght to take 8 life4 ,aft] hunt+ on ,pelion "o day1 ,peleus fell asleep1 & 0 left ?us unprotect$ by ,aca/us1 :o hop$ by ?is means to get rid ( him4 ,he w\ld1 inde$1 h be5 murd]$ by ! ,c5taurs1 if ! gods _h n tak5 pity on him1 & s5t him by ,h]mes a sword ( wond]ful p[]1 ) :i* he 0 enabl$ to repel ! assaults ( ! wild inhabitants ( ! =e/4 ,peleus1 ) ! help ( ! ,dioscuri1 subsequ5tly took ,iolcus1 & put ! trea*]\s ,aca/us & 8 wife to dea?4 ,z a rew>d = 8 *a/ity1 ! gods gave him ! goddess ,!tis--a beautiful daught] ( ,n]eus--to wife4 ,%e bore him "o son1 ,a*illeus 7,a*illes71 ! greate/ & brave/ h]o ( ! ,trojan w>4 ,a lat] tradition ass]ts t ,!tis left h] husb& soon aft] ! bir? ( ,a*illes1 because he _h di/urb$ h] :5 %e 0 ab\t to r5d] h] *ild immortal 9 ! fire1 j z ,demet] int5d$ to d to ! *ild ( ,celes2 b ?is /ory is unkn[n to ,hom]4 ,accord+ to a /ill lat] leg5d1 %e plung$ h] son into ! ,/yx1 & !reby r5d]$ him invuln]able 9 e "p except ! heel by :i* %e held him4 ,l all noble h]oes1 ,a*illes 0 in/ruct$ by ,*iron1 "u :om he acquir$ su* wond]ful skill 9 all feats ( /r5g? & agility t he soon surpass$ all 8 contempor>ies4 ,9 addition to ,*iron1 ,hom] names ,phnix1 ! son ( ,amyntor1 z ! in/ructor ( ! y\?ful h]o4 ,a*illes proce$$ to ! ,trojan w> ) *e]ful det]m9ation1 al?\gh he knew be=eh& t he 0 n fat$ to return alive4 ,! /ory t 8 "m ,!tis1 9 ord] to av]t 8 fate1 s5t him1 disguis$ 9 wom5's clo!s1 to ! c\rt ( ,lycom$es1 k+ ( ,scyros1 :]e he 0 discov]$ by ! craft ( ,odysseus1 is a po/-,hom]ic inv5tion4 ,f ,telamon1 ! second son ( acus1 0 desc5d$ ,aias or ,ajax1 a h]o ( b little less importance4 ,telamon1 aft] 8 flight f g9a1 f\nd a new home 9 ,salamis1 :]e he m>ri$ ! daught] ( ! k+ ,cy*reus4 ,on ! decease ( ,cy*reus1 he succe$$ to ! cr[n4 ,aft] ! dea? ( 8 fir/ wife1 he m>ri$ ,p]iba1 a daught] ( ,alca?os1 k+ ( ,meg>a1 :o bore him ,ajax4 ,tradition tells u mu* ( ! intimate fri5d%ip ( ,h]acles & ,telamon1 :o took "p 9 ! ,trojan exp$ition ( 8 mighty fri5d4 ,h]acles1 9 return1 gave him ,hesione1 ! daught] ( ,laom$on1 by :om he became ! fa!r ( a second son1 ,teuc]4 ,l e celebrat$ h]o ( antiquity1 he is said to h tak5 "p 9 ! ,calydonian hunt & ! exp$ition ( ! ,argonauts4 ,no?+ inf]ior to ?is brave & d\ghty fa!r 0 8 son ,ajax1 on :om ! mighty h]o ,h]acles _h invok$ ! bless+ ( 8 fa!r ,zeus1 :5 z a *ild he held him 9 8 arms4 ,he 0 ( great] size & /r5g? ?an any ( ! o!r h]oes2 ?\gh he appe>s some:at unc\? & clumsy :5 contra/$ ) ! swift & agile =m ( ,a*illes4 ,8 mighty %ield 0 z *>act]i/ic ( him z ! pond]\s deadly spe> 0 ( ,a*illes4 ,beside him1 8 bro!r ,teuc] ranks z ! be/ ar*] among ! ,greeks4 #d4 ,ne/or1 ! ,locrian ,ajax1 ,diom$es1 & ,odysseus4--,associat$ ) ! h]oes ( ! race ( ,pelops & acus 7 "s o!r r5[n$ *iefta9s4 ,fir/ among !m 0 ! ag$ ,ne/or1 ( ,pylus1 ^: wise c\nsels 7 z indisp5sable to ! ,greeks be=e ,troy z ! dauntless c\rage ( an ,a*illes or an ,ajax4 ,ne/or 0 ! y\nge/ ( ! twelve sons ( ,neleus1 :o 0 himself a son ( ,poseidon & ,tyro1 & tw9-bro!r ( ,pelias4 ,neleus1 hav+ be5 driv5 out by ,pelias1 took refuge 9 ,mess5ia1 :]e he became ! f\nd] ( a new k+dom4 ,lat]1 h[ev]1 bo? 8 sov]eignty & ! glory ( 8 h\se 7 well-nigh ext+ui%$ by ! ho/ility ( ,h]acles1 :o slew all ! sons ( ,neleus except ,ne/or4 ,:5 q "y1 ,ne/or defeat$ ! neighb\r+ tribes ( ! ,epei & ,arcadians1 & re/or$ ! dom9ions ( 8 fa!r to _! =m] ext5t4 ,he likewise took "p 9 ! conte/ betwe5 ! ,lapi? & ! ,c5taurs1 9 ! ,calydonian bo> hunt1 & 9 ! exp$ition ( ! ,argonauts4 ,?\gh s f> advanc$ 9 ye>s--hav+ rul$ ov] ?ree g5]ations ( m5--he c\ld n )/& ! desire to take "p 9 ! ,trojan w>4 ,! ,locrian ,ajax--also call$ ! ,less] ,ajax1 to di/+ui% him f 8 mighty namesake--0 a son ( ! ,locrian k+ ,oleus1 ( :om no?+ m is kn[n ?an t he took "p 9 ! exp$ition ( ! ,argonauts4 ,ajax 0 r5[n$ among ! ,greeks = 8 skill 9 hurl+ ! spe> & = 8 great fleetness1 9 :i* he 0 surpass$ only by ,a*illes4 ,he always appe>s 9 a l95 corslet1 & 8 foll[]s1 ! ,opuntian ,locrians1 are also light-arm$ troops4 ,diom$es 0 a memb] ( ! (t-m5tion$ race ( ! olian ,amy?aonid4 ,8 fa!r 0 ! hot-head$ ,tydeus1 :o 0 kill$ 9 ! w> ( ! ,sev5 aga9/ ,!bes4 ,diom$es1 :o inh]it$ no small portion ( 8 fa!r's wild1 untameable disposition1 ( c\rse took "p 9 ! w> ( ! ,epigoni1 & subsequ5tly succe$$ 8 gr&fa!r ,adra/us 9 8 ,argive sov]eignty at ,sicyon4 ,he also re/or$ 8 pat]nal gr&fa!r1 ! ag$ tolian k+ neus1 :o _h be5 de?ron$ by ! sons ( 8 bro!r ,agrius1 to 8 k+dom4 ,9 ! ,iliad he appe>s z a special fav\rite ( ,pallas ,a!ne1 & ,hom] makes him play an important "p 9 ! conte/s ( ! ,greeks be=e ! walls ( ,troy4 ,9 po/-,hom]ic /ory he is repres5t$ z hav+ c>ri$ (f ! ,trojan ,palladium4 ,f9ally1 ,odysseus 7,ulysses71 ! mo/ popul> ( ! ,greek h]oes ( ! ,trojan w>1 0 a son ( ,lartes1 k+ ( ,i?aca1 by ,anticlea1 ! daught] ( ,autolycus4 ,autolycus inhabit$ a di/rict on ,m\nt ,p>nassus1 & 0 r5[n$ = 8 cunn+4 ,8 gr&son seems to h inh]it$ no small "p ( 8 gr&fa!r's disposition4 ,?r\gh 8 noble & virtu\s wife ,p5elope1 ,odysseus 0 closely relat$ to ! ,atrid2 ,p5elope be+ ! daught] ( ,ic>ius1 :o 0 a bro!r ( ! ,sp>tan k+ ,tynd>es4 ,he 0 !re=e oblig$--?\gh mu* aga9/ 8 w--to comply ) ! reque/ ( ,m5elas1 & jo9 ! exp$ition aga9/ ,troy4 ,on acc\nt ( 8 wisdom & eloqu5ce1 8 dext]ity 9 all feats ( /r5g?1 & 8 dauntless val\r 9 ! mid/ ( dang]1 he also 0 a special fav\rite ( ,pallas4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,w>4--,! ,iliad ( ,hom]1 ! mo/ important s\rce ( our in=mation ) reg>d to ! ,trojan w>1 does n deal ) ! ev5ts ( ! fir/ n9e ye>s2 & ( ^? ( ! t5? & la/ ye> x only gives su* episodes z relate to ! qu>rel ( ,a*illes & ,agamemnon4 ,( ! orig9 ( ! w>1 & ! ev5ts ( ! fir/ n9e ye>s1 x speaks only incid5tally1 = ! sake ( explanation4 ,! gap has to be fill$ up f ! works ( ^? writ]s :o _h access to o!r epic poems ( ! ,trojan cycle1 :i* are n[ no long] extant4 ,eris1 ! goddess ( discord1 n hav+ be5 invit$ to ! m>riage fe/ivities ( ,peleus & ,!tis1 av5g$ h]self by ca/+ into ! assembly a gold5 apple1 ) ! inscription--8,to ! faire/40 ,! ?ree rival goddesses--,h]a1 ,a!ne1 & ,aphrodite--ea* claim$ ! apple = h]self1 b 7 ref]r$ by ,zeus to ! decision ( ,p>is4 ,p>is 0 a son ( ,priam1 ! ,trojan k+4 ,imm$iately aft] bir?1 he 0 expos$ on ,m\nt ,ida1 9 consequ5ce ( an ill-om5$ dream :i* 8 "m ,hecuba _h dur+ h] pregnancy4 ,he 0 f\nd1 h[ev]1 & br\ght up by "s %eph]ds4 ,he decid$ 9 fav\r ( ,aphrodite1 :o _h promis$ him ! mo/ beautiful woman on e>? z 8 wife4 ,soon aft]w>ds1 at "s games giv5 by ! k+1 ! y\?1 :o 0 equally di/+ui%$ = 8 h&some p]son & 8 bodily dext]ity1 aft] hav+ wre/$ ! prize f all 8 bre?r51 0 recognis$ by ! prophetess ,cass&ra1 & receiv$ into 8 fa!r's fav\r4 ,he next und]took a j\rney across ! sea to ,greece1 &1 among o!r places1 visit$ ! c\rt ( ,m5elas1 k+ ( ,sp>ta1 by :om he 0 hospitably receiv$ & ent]ta9$4 ,aphrodite k9dl$ 9 ! brea/ ( ! "y wife ( ,m5elas a fatal love = _! h&some gue/1 :o dazzl$ h] z mu* by ! beauty ( 8 p]son z by ! ori5tal spl5d\r ( 8 appe>ance4 ,:ile ,m5elas 0 abs5t 9 ,crete1 & h] bro!rs1 ! ,dioscuri1 7 engag$ 9 _! /rife ) ! sons ( ,aph>eus1 ,hel5 fl$ ) h] s$uc] to ,troy4 ,on ! refusal ( ! k+ ( ,troy to surr5d] ,hel51 ,m5elas succe$$ 9 r\s+ ! :ole ( ,greece to a w> ( rev5ge4 ,?is task 0 ! m easy1 z mo/ ( ! ,grecian *iefta9s _h be5 suitors ( ,hel51 & _h b\nd !mselves by an oa? to ,tynd>es to unite 9 support ( ! husb& :om ,hel5 %\ld *oose1 9 ! ev5t ( 8 ev] be+ injur$ or attack$4 ,! well-mann$ %ips ( ! ,greeks assembl$ 9 ! ,botian port ( ,aulis4 ,_! numb] am\nt$ to elev5 hundr$ & eighty-six1 accord+ to ,hom]2 ( :i* ,agamemnon1 :o _h be5 *os5 lead] ( ! exp$ition1 alone furni%$ ov] "o hundr$4 ,agamemnon1 h[ev]1 hav+ (f5d$ ,artemis by kill+ a h9d sacr$ to ! goddess1 ! dep>ture ( ! exp$ition 0 delay$ by cont9u\s calms1 until at l5g?1 at ! comm& ( ! prie/ ,cal*as1 ,agamemnon det]m9$ to appease ! wra? ( ! goddess by sacrific+ 8 daught] ,iphig5ia on h] alt>4 ,at ! fatal mom5t ,artemis rescu$ ! victim1 &1 aft] sub/itut+ a h9d 9 h] /ead1 convey$ ,iphig5ia to ,tauris1 :]e %e became a prie/ess 9 ! temple ( ! goddess4 ,! fleet n[ sail$ ) a fair w9d4 ,! exp$ition fir/ /opp$ at ,t5$os1 opposite ! coa/ ( ,troy4 ,"h1 on ! occasion ( a banquet1 ,philoctetes1 :o possess$ ! b[ & arr[s ( ,h]acles on :i* ! conque/ ( ,troy dep5d$1 0 bitt5 9 ! foot by a s]p5t1 & on acc\nt ( 8 cries & ! (f5sive smell ( ! w\nd 0 c>ri$ to ,lemnos1 & !re left to 8 fate4 ,! ,greeks next effect$ a l&+ on ! coa/ ( ,troy1 9 spite ( ! opposition ( ,hector & neas2 = ,protesilas devot$ himself to dea? = ! ,greeks1 & sprang fir/ on ! ,trojan %ore4 ,ev5 ,cycnus1 ! mighty son ( ,poseidon1 :o 0 k+ ( ,colon 9 ,troas1 & came to ! assi/ance ( ! ,trojans1 0 unable to /em ! advance ( ! ,greeks2 & 8 body be+ invuln]able1 he 0 /rangl$ by ,a*illes by means ( a ?ong twi/$ r\nd 8 neck4 ,aft] ! ,greeks _h made a /ation = _! %ips1 ! w> began 9 e>ne/4 ,sev]al ( _! attacks on ! t[n hav+ be5 successfully repell$ by ! ,trojans1 ! ,greeks n[ conf9$ !mselves to mak+ inroads & plund]+ excursions into ! surr\nd+ c\ntry1 9 :i* ,a*illes 0 always ! mo/ prom95t actor4 ,! fir/ n9e ye>s ( ! w> 7 by no means fruitful 9 important ev5ts1 & ! we>isome monotony ( ! siege 0 brok5 only by ! s+le combat betwe5 ,a*illes & ,trolus1 ! y\nge/ son ( ,priam1 9 :i* ,trolus 0 sla91 & by ! fall ( ,palam$es ( ,euba1 ! head ( ! ,greek peace-p>ty1 :i* 0 br\ght ab\t by ! trea*]y ( ,odysseus4 ,at l5g?1 9 ! t5? ye> ( ! w>1 a qu>rel broke out betwe5 ,a*illes & ,agamemnon respect+ a female slave :o _h be5 tak5 captive1 & gave = ! "t q ano!r aspect to affairs4 ,x is at ?is po9t t ! ,iliad comm5ces4 ,a*illes1 9 8 wra?1 retir$ to 8 t5t1 & refus$ to take any fur!r "p 9 ! w>2 :il/ ! ,trojans1 :o fe>$ him m ?an all ! o!r ,greeks1 became bold]1 & no long] kept to ! protection ( _! walls4 ,zeus1 at ! reque/ ( ,!tis1 gave !m ! victory 9 _! fir/ engagem5t ) ! ,greeks4 ,hector drove ! latt] back to _! %ips1 & 0 already ab\t to set !m on fire1 :5 ,a*illes cons5t$ to all[ 8 fri5d ,patroclus to don 8 arm\r & lead 8 ,myrmidons to ! assi/ance ( ! ,greeks4 ,! ,trojans 7 n[ driv5 back1 b ,patroclus1 9 ! ard\r ( pursuit1 0 sla9 by ,hector1 & depriv$ ( 8 arm\r1 & ,m5elas1 ) ! help ( ! great] ,ajax & o!r h]oes1 only succe$$ 9 rescu+ 8 corpse aft] a bloody & ob/9ate /ruggle4 ,! wra? ( ,a*illes 0 n[ entirely div]t$ by ! desire ( av5g+ on ,hector ! dea? ( 8 mu*-lov$ fri5d ,patroclus4 ,he 0 sc>cely will+ ev5 to wait = ! new arm\r :i* 8 goddess-"m procur$ him f ! work%op ( ,heph/us4 ,no soon] 0 he 9 possession ( x ?an he aga9 appe>$ on ! field1 & ,hector--! bulw>k ( ,troy--soon succumb$ to 8 furi\s onslaught4 ,a*illes1 h[ev]1 0 g5]\s en\gh to surr5d] 8 corpse to ! entreaties ( ,priam4 ,! ,iliad concludes ) ! solemn fun]al ( ,hector4 ,! succe$+ ev5ts1 up to ! dea? ( ,a*illes & ! conte/ = 8 arms1 7 n>rat$ 9 ! ?iopis ( ,arct9us ( ,miletus1 ) ! cont5ts ( :i* we h "s slight acqua9tance1 al?\gh ! "w itself is lo/4 ,all k9ds ( brilliant exploits are report$ to h be5 p]=m$ by ,a*illes be=e ! walls ( ,troy1 :i* 7 manife/ly unkn[n to ! e>li] /ory4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 imm$iately aft] ,hector's dea?1 ,p5!silea1 ! que5 ( ! ,amazons1 came to ! assi/ance ( ! ,trojans1 & f\ght s bravely at ! head ( h] army t ! ,greeks 7 h>d press$4 ,a*illes at l5g? ov]came ! h]oic daught] ( ,ares4 ,aft] h] fall1 a new ally ( ! ,trojans appe>$ 9 ,memnon1 k+ ( ?iopia1 :o is call$ a son ( ,eos1 because ! ?iopians 7 suppos$ to dwell 9 ! f> ,ea/4 ,among ^? :o fell by ! h& ( ?is h&some & c\rage\s h]o 0 ,antilo*us1 ! valiant son ( ,ne/or4 ,:5 ,memnon1 h[ev]1 v5tur$ to meet ! inv9cible ,a*illes1 he also 0 vanqui%$1 aft] a brave /ruggle4 ,! fre% morn+ dew1 :i* spr+s f ! te>s ( ,eos1 proves t %e has nev] ceas$ to lam5t h] h]oic son4 ,b dea? 0 soon to ov]take him be=e :om s _m h]oes _h bitt5 ! du/4 ,9 an assault on ! ,scan gate1 ,a*illes 0 kill$1 at ! head ( 8 ,myrmidons1 by an arr[ ( ,p>is1 :i* 0 direct$ by ,apollo4 ,accord+ to lat] writ]s1 ^: acc\nts 7 foll[$ by ! tragic poets1 he 0 trea*]\sly murd]$ "h on ! occasion ( 8 betro?al to ,polyx5a1 ! beautiful daught] ( ,priam4 ,a furi\s conte/1 la/+ ! :ole day1 took place = ! possession ( 8 corpse & arm\r3 at l5g? ,odysseus & ,ajax succe$$ 9 convey+ x to a place ( safety4 ,m\rn+ & confusion reign$ among ! ,greeks at 8 dea?4 ,dur+ sev5te5 days & nights ,!tis1 ) ! :ole b& ( ,n]eids1 bewail$ 8 untimely fate 9 m\rn+ melodies1 s sad & t\*+ t nei!r gods nor m5 c\ld refra9 f te>s4 8,see1 te>s are %$ by e god & goddess1 to survey ,h[ soon ! ,beautiful is pa/1 ! ,p]fect dies away60 ,! dea? ( ! brave/ ( ! ,greeks 0 foll[$ by an unhappy qu>rel betwe5 ,ajax & ,odysseus respect+ 8 arms4 ,ajax1 on acc\nt ( 8 ne> relation%ip to ! deceas$ h]o1 & ! great s]vices he _h r5d]$ to ! cause ( ! ,greeks1 seem$ to h ! be/ claim2 b ,agamemnon1 by ! advice ( ,a!ne1 adjudg$ !m to ,odysseus4 ,ajax 0 s mortifi$ at ?is decision t he became insane1 & put an end to 8 own life4 ,an entire trag$y ( ,sophocles1 treat+ ( ! m\rnful fate ( ! son ( ,telamon1 has come d[n to u4 ,aft] ,ajax _h quitt$ ! sc5e1 ,odysseus became decid$ly ! *ief p]sonage among ! ,greeks4 ,x 0 he :o captur$ ! ,trojan se] ,hel5us1 & extort$ f him ! secret t ,ilium c\ld n be tak5 )\t ! arr[s ( ,h]acles4 ,h]eupon ,philoctetes1 :o 0 /ill ly+ sick at ,lemnos1 0 fet*$1 & 8 w\nd heal$ by ,ma*aon4 ,p>is soon aft]w>ds fell by 8 h&4 ,x 0 ,odysseus1 moreov]1 :o1 9 company ) ,diom$es1 und]took ! p]il\s task ( ent]+ ,troy 9 disguise & /eal+ ! ,palladium1 on :i* ! safety ( ! city dep5d$4 ,x 0 he :o fet*$ ,neoptolemus1 ! "y son ( ,a*illes1 f ,scyros to ! ,trojan camp1 x hav+ be5 decre$ t 8 pres5ce 0 necess>y to ! success ( ! ,greeks4 ,la/ly--& ?is 0 8 greate/ s]vice--x 0 ,odysseus :o devis$ ! celebrat$ wood5 horse1 & ! /ratagem :i* l$ to ! f9al capture ( ! city4 ,9 ! belly ( ! horse1 :i* 0 built by ,epes1 "o hundr$ *os5 w>riors ( ! ,greeks conceal$ !mselves4 ,! re/ ( ! ,greeks set fire to _! camp1 & sail$ away to ,t5$os2 :]eupon ! ,trojans1 deceiv$ by ! assurances ( ,s9on1 dragg$ ! fatal horse1 amid cries ( joy1 into ! city4 ,9 va9 did ! ,trojan prie/ ( ,apollo1 ,laocon1 seek to div]t !m f _! folly4 ,none w\ld give he$ to 8 w>n+s2 & :51 soon aft]w>ds1 bo? he & 8 sons1 :il/ sacrific+ to ,poseidon on ! sea-%ore1 7 /rangl$ by two s]p5ts t came up out ( ! sea1 ! ,trojans reg>d$ ?is z a puni%m5t s5t by ! gods = 8 evil c\nsel1 & 7 ! m confirm$ 9 _! purpose4 ,! dea? ( ,laocon & 8 sons =ms ! subject ( "o ( ! mo/ spl5did ( ! creations ( ,greek art t h come d[n to u f antiquity4 ,! gr\p 0 f\nd1 9 ! ye> #aejf1 by a ,roman citiz5 9 8 v9ey>d1 close to ! =m] ,!rm ( ,titus1 & 0 made ov] by him1 = a consid]able annuity1 to ,pope ,julius ,,ii41 :o !n plac$ x 9 ! ,vatican collection4 ,! "r arm ( ,laocon1 :i* 0 want+1 has1 un=tunately1 be5 incorrectly re/or$4 ,?is is atte/$ by a copy ( ! gr\p :i* 0 subsequ5tly discov]$ 9 ,naples4 ,we give an engrav+ ( ! gr\p 9 its orig9al =m 7,fig4 #fa74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fa4--,laocon4 ,gr\p4 ,x treats really ( ?ree di/9ct incid5ts1 :i* h be5 skilfully incorporat$1 by ! arti/s to :om we owe ! "w 7! ,rhodians ,ages&]1 ,a!nodorus1 & ,polydorus71 into "o h>moni\s gr\p4 ,! elde/ son is z yet unhurt1 & appe>s to be s loosely held by ! coils ( ! s]p5t t he might easily escape 8 imp5d+ fate1 if he 7 n m effectually re/ra9$ by 8 lov+ sympa?y ) 8 noble fa!r1 on :om he gazes ) pite\s looks4 ,laocon himself1 :o naturally =ms ! c5tre ( ! gr\p1 is depict$ at ! mom5t 9 :i*1 mortally w\nd$ by ! s]p5t1 he s9ks on ! alt>1 to rise f :i* he va9ly ex]ts 8 la/ rema9+ /r5g?4 ,) 8 left arm he /ill me*anically seeks to repel ! s]p5ts4 ,8 hi!rto en]getic resi/ance has begun to fail1 & 8 noble head is rais$ 9 m\rnful resignation to heav51 z ?\gh to ask ! gods :y !y _h condemn$ him to s t]rible a fate4 ,! dignifi$ & resolute aspect ( 8 c\nt5ance =ms a beautiful contra/ to t ( 8 body1 :i* is manife/ly quiv]+ 9 ! ke5e/ agony4 ,! y\ng] son on 8 "r is already 9 ! la/ agonies ( dea?1 & ?\gh 8 left h& grasps in/9ctively ! head ( ! snake1 he is evid5tly incapable ( fur!r resi/ance4 ,he is droop+ l a pluck$ fl[]1 & 9 "o m mom5t w h brea!d 8 la/4 ,on ! night succe$+ ,laocon's horrible end1 & ! rejoic+s ( ! ,trojans at ! app>5t dep>ture ( ! ,greeks1 ! ,greek fleet return$ 9 sil5ce at a signal giv5 by ,s9on4 ,! h]oes :o 7 hidd5 9 ! wood5 horse !n desc5d$ & op5$ ! gates to ! ,greek ho/1 :o ru%$ into ! doom$ city4 ,a t]rible sc5e ( plund] & c>nage ensu$1 ! ,trojans1 9 _! dismay & confusion1 (f]+ no resi/ance4 ,! fate ( ! sacr$ city 0 fulfill$2 ,priam p]i%$ be=e ! alt> ( ,zeus by ! h& ( ,neoptolemus1 & ) him ! glory ( ,troy 0 laid 9 ! du/4 ,! m5 7 put to dea?1 ! wom5 & *ildr51 toge!r ) ! ri* booty1 7 c>ri$ (f1 ! =m] be+ de/9$ to ! h>d lot ( slav]y4 ,among !m 0 ! ag$ que5 ,hecuba1 ) all h] daught]s & daught]s-9-law4 ,hel5--! cause ( all ?is mis=tune--0 f\nd 9 ! h\se ( ,dephobus1 :om %e _h m>ri$ aft] ! dea? ( 8 bro!r ,p>is4 ,! city 0 burnt to ! gr\nd1 &1 long aft]1 o!r cities rose on its site4 ,/ill ! tradition ( ! siege rema9$ among ! inhabitants1 ?\gh1 ev5 9 ,roman times1 le>n$ m5 _h begun to decl>e t ,old ,troy mu/ h _h ano!r site4 ,& n[ :5 ! la/ ,ilium _h be5 no m = _m c5turies1 & ! v exi/5ce ( ,hom]'s ,troy _h be5 decl>$ a fable1 ! palace & ! traces ( ! conflagration h be5 f\nd4 ,dr4 ,s*liemann has excavat$ ! leg5d>y site1 & we "k n[ t ,a!ne 0 wor%ipp$ 9 ! city1 & t x p]i%$ by fire4 ,we c h>dly tell at pres5t ! full importance ( ^! discov]ies1 nor ( ^? at ,myc51 :]e ! traditional tombs ( ! ,grecian lead]s h be5 exam9$1 & _! long-buri$ weal? br\ght to light4 ,yet ?is1 too1 ! greate/ ( all ! ,grecian leg5d s]ies1 dissolves into ! ph5om5a ( nature4 ,t !re 0 a ,trojan w>1 & t we h "s hi/orical facts ab\t x1 we c h>dly d\bt2 b s _m my?s h cry/allis$ r\nd x1 t to u x mu/ be m]ely leg5d4 ,! v names ( ,a*illes1 & ,p>is1 & ,hel51 ^u :om ! :ole /ory turns1 h be5 recognis$ 9 ,indian leg5d4 ,po9t aft] po9t 9 _! hi/ory is f\nd 9 ! leg5d hi/ory ( e nation ( ! ,aryan family4 ,! only conclusion t we c draw is1 t su* /ories mu/ h come into be+ be=e ! sep>ation ( ! ,aryan family1 & _c !re=e conta9 ! lat] hi/ory ( any "o bran*4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,return4--,! ,greeks1 aft] sacrific+ ,polyx5a on ! grave ( ,a*illes at ,sigeum1 prep>$ to return to _! c\ntry4 ,few1 h[ev]1 7 de/9$ to rea* _! homes )\t "s mis=tune1 or1 ev5 :5 arriv$ !re1 to exp]i5ce a k9dly welcome4 ,( ! two sons ( ,atreus1 ,agamemnon1 aft] escap+ a /orm on ! coa/ ( ,euba1 l&$ safely on 8 native %ores1 b 0 soon aft] murd]$ by 8 wife & gi/hus1 :o _h1 dur+ 8 abs5ce1 return$ to ,argos & m>ri$ ,clytmne/ra4 ,cass&ra1 ! ,trojan prophetess1 :o1 9 ! division ( ! spoils1 _h fall5 to ,agamemnon1 %>$ 8 fate4 ,%e _h cont9ually pr$ict$ ! un=tunate end ( ! w> & ! ultimate fate ( ! city1 b _h always be5 laugh$ to scorn by h] incr$ul\s c\ntrym54 ,! fate ( ! comm&] ( ! ,greeks1 ) its ev5tful consequ5ces1 0 a fav\rite subject ) ! tragic poets4 ,8 murd] did n g unav5g$4 ,ore/es1 ! only son ( ,agamemnon & ,clytmne/ra1 _h be5 ha/ily remov$ f ! sc5e by 8 si/] ,electra1 & s5t to 8 uncle1 ,/rophius1 k+ ( ,phocis4 ,/rophius _h him c>efully educat$ ) 8 own son ,pylades1 :o 0 ab\t ! same age4 ,a mo/ intimate fri5d%ip soon sprang up betwe5 ! two y\?s1 :i*1 f its fai?fulness & con/ancy1 has become prov]bial4 ,on rea*+ manhood1 ! sole ?\ght ( ,ore/es 0 to av5ge 8 noble fa!r's trea*]\s dea? at ! h&s ( ! crafty gi/hus & 8 "m ,clytmne/ra4 ,accompani$ by 8 fri5d ,pylades1 he return$1 9 ! eigh? ye> ( 8 exile1 to ,myc51 & !re slew bo? gi/hus & ,clytmne/ra4 ,al?\gh 9 s do+ he _h only fulfill$ a duty1 he yet incurr$ ! deepe/ guilt by ! murd] ( h] :o gave him bir?1 & at once f\nd himself pursu$ by ! av5g+ ,furies4 ,!y dogg$ 8 /eps1 & ceas$ n to pursue him ?r\gh all ! c\ntries ( ! e>?1 until he 0 at l5g? direct$ by ! oracle at ,delphi to convey ! /atue ( ,artemis f ,tauris to ,attica4 ,aft] he _h1 ) ! help ( 8 newly-f\nd si/]1 successfully a*iev$ ?is task1 he 0 purifi$ by ,apollo 7see page #aeb74 ,( ! num]\s dramas t 7 writt5 on ! subject ( ! =tunes ( ! ,pelopid1 :i* we h "h briefly t\*$ on1 ! ,agamemnon1 ,*ophor1 & ,eum5ides ( s*ylus1 ! ,electra ( ,sophocles1 & ! ,electra & ,iphig5ia 9 ,tauris ( ,euripides1 are /ill extant4 ,we mu/ n[ turn to ! =tunes ( ! o!r ,greek lead]s4 ,agamemnon's bro!r ,m5elaus 0 ov]tak51 (f ,cape ,malea1 by a fe>ful /orm1 :i* c>ri$ him to ,crete & ,egypt1 :5ce1 aft] sev5 ye>s ( w&]+1 he return$ to ,sp>ta ) ,hel5 & 8 %>e ( ! spoils ( ,troy4 ,! ,locrian ,ajax exp]i5c$ a /ill m unhappy fate4 ,on ! night ( ! de/ruction ( ,troy he _h p5etrat$ into ! temple ( ,pallas1 & _h n only torn away ! prie/ess ,cass&ra1 :o 0 cl++ = safety to ! alt> & /atue ( ! goddess1 b _h also ov]turn$ ! /atue ( ,pallas h]self4 ,z a puni%m5t = ?is (f5ce1 8 %ip 0 wreck$ on ,cape ,caph>eus1 ,he w\ld /ill h be5 able to escape ) 8 life--hav+ succe$$ 9 gett+ hold ( a rock--if he _h n giv5 su* (f5ce to ,poseidon by 8 impi\s boa/ t he ne$$ n ! help ( ! gods1 t ! god split ! rock ) 8 trid5t1 :]eupon ,ajax fell into ! sea & 0 dr[n$4 ,diom$es1 ,philoctetes1 & ,idom5eus rea*$ _! homes 9 safety1 b 7 all soon aft]w>ds driv5 out1 aft] :i* !y all ?ree emigrat$ to ,italy4 ,"h ,diom$es f\nd$ _m t[ns1 & 0 long wor%ipp$ ) h]oic hon\rs4 ,teuc] also succe$$ 9 rea*+ ,salamis 9 safety1 b 8 fa!r ,telamon 0 s wro? because he _h n bett] protect$ 8 bro!r ,ajax1 or at lea/ av5g$ 8 dea?1 t he refus$ to receive him4 ,he 01 !re=e1 likewise oblig$ to leave 8 c\ntry1 & subsequ5tly settl$ on ! isl& ( ,cyprus4 ,b ( all ! ,greek h]oes ,odysseus exp]i5c$ ! mo/ rev]ses1 :ile at home 8 fai?ful wife ,p5elope & 8 son ,telema*us 7 h>d press$ by ! suitors4 ,x 0 only 9 ! t5? ye> aft] ! fall ( ,troy1 & aft] num]\s w&]+s & vicissitudes1 t he 0 p]mitt$ to return to 8 native ,i?aca & puni% ! %ameless suitors :o _h wa/$ 8 sub/ance & goods4 ,! /ory ( 8 adv5tures is s well kn[n t we ne$ n dwell on x "h1 fur!r ?an to m5tion t1 accord+ to po/-,hom]ic acc\nts1 ,odysseus 0 kill$ by ! h& ( ,telegonus1 8 own son by ,circe4 ,! ev5ts ( ! ,trojan cycle h suppli$ n only ! poet1 b also ! arti/ & ! sculptor1 ) a l>ge numb] ( _! mo/ acceptable subjects4 ,s+le sc5es1 su* z ! judgm5t ( ,p>is1 h be5 cont9ually select$1 ev] s9ce ! "t ( ,raphael1 z fav\rite subjects ( repres5tation4 ,( mod]n ma/]s1 ,c>/5s1 ,?orwalds5 ! great ,dani% sculptor1 ,cornelius1 ,g5elli1 & ,prell] 7,l&scapes ( ! ,odyssey7 h illu/rat$ ! /ory ( ,troy 9 a s]ies ( spl5did compositions4 ,we give an engrav+ ( a relief by ,?orwalds51 repres5t+ ,priam be=e ,a*illes 7,fig4 #fb74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fb4--,priam be=e ,a*illes4 ,relief by ,?orwalds54 ,( ! m important extant works ( antiquity1 we may m5tion ! w$d+ ( ,peleus & ,!tis1 depict$ on ! ,franais vase 9 ! ,naples ,museum2 ! abduction ( ,hel51 depict$ on a m>ble relief 9 ! =m] ,campana collection1 n[ 9 ! ,l\vre 7,fig4 #fc72 ! m>ble gr\p 9 ,rome1 kn[n by ! "n ( 8,pasqu9o10 :i* repres5ts ,m5elas rais+ ! corpse ( ,patroclus2 &1 la/ly1 ! celebrat$ g9a m>bles 9 ,muni*4 ,^! la/ are ! rema9s ( a m>ble gr\p f ! gable ( a temple ( ,pallas at g9a1 repres5t+ a battle betwe5 ! ,greeks & ,trojans4 ,!y 7 discov]$ at g9a 9 ! ye> #ahaa2 ,k+ ,ludwig ,i4 ( ,bav>ia1 :o 0 a great patron ( art1 b\ght ! g9a m>bles1 &1 aft] hav+ !m re/or$ by ,?orwalds51 plac$ !m 9 ! ,muni* collection4 ,! ,laocon1 ! mo/ important ( all ! works relat+ to ! ,trojan cycle1 has already be5 discuss$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fc4--,rape ( ,hel54 ,campana ,collection4 ,p>is4 ,v4--,,my?ic ,,se]s ,,& ,,b>ds4 ,we h already incid5tally m5tion$ mo/ ( ! se]s ( antiquity--,melampus1 ! son ( ,amy?aon1 :o figures 9 ,argive leg5d2 likewise ,amphi>as1 ,tiresias1 & ,cal*as4 ,conc]n+ ,tiresias1 we may rem>k t ! anci5ts ascrib$ to him a fabul\s age1 ext5d+ ov] sev5 or ev5 n9e g5]ations2 s t he 0 ?us a witness ( all t happ5$ to ,!bes1 f ! f\ndation ( ! city to its de/ruction by ! ,epigoni4 ,l all celebrat$ soo?say]s1 he 0 acqua9t$ ) ! language ( birds1 & c\ld p5etrate ! mo/ hidd5 secrets ( nature2 on :i* acc\nt he enjoy$ up to 8 dea? an ev]-increas+ reputation among ! ,!bans4 ,we h already relat$ h[1 9 extreme old age1 :5 8 native city c\ld no long] )/& ! assaults ( ! ,epigoni1 he exp]i5c$ ! bitt] lot ( hav+ to take refuge 9 flight1 & at l5g? succumb$ b5ea? ! h>d%ips ( ! j\rney4 ,9 ! second c5tury ,a4,d4 8 grave 0 /ill %[n 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,hali>tus4 ,among ! fugitive ,!bans :o fell into ! h&s ( ! ,argives is said to h be5 ,manto1 ! daught] ( ,tiresias1 :o 0 likewise r5[n$ z a prophetess4 ,%e 0 d$icat$1 toge!r ) a l>ge portion ( ! spoils1 to ! oracle at ,delphi4 ,by ! comm& ( ! god %e 0 s5t into ,asia ,m9or1 :]e %e f\nd$ ! oracle ( ,cl>os1 ne> ,colophon4 ,%e "h m>ri$ ! ,cretan ,rhacius1 & became by him ! "m ( ,mopsus1 :o aft]w>ds f\nd$ ! oracle ( ,mallos 9 ,cilicia4 ,among ! names ( ! my?ic b>ds t h be5 h&$ d[n to u are und\bt$ly to be f\nd "s recollections ( ^? :o fir/ cultivat$ ! art ( poetry2 p>tly1 h[ev]1 !y are no?+ m ?an p]sonifications ( c]ta9 t5d5cies & modes ( poetry4 ,su* is probably ! case ) ! my?ic b>d ,l9us1 :o 0 celebrat$ 9 ,argos1 ,!bes1 & ,euba4 ,no?+ is m common ?an = an unsophi/icat$ p to bur/ =? 9 lam5tation ov] ! decay & f9al ext9ction ( ! bloom+ life ( nature4 ,?is1 z we see 9 ! my? ( ,hyac9?us1 0 (t5 portray$ "u ! metaphor ( a beautiful boy sla9 by a quoit or by savage dogs--bo? symbols ( ! scor*+ heat ( ! sun4 ,! dirges :i* f "t immemorial 7 sung ov] ! beautiful boy ,l9us1 at ! season ( v9tage1 probably gave rise to ! my? :i* makes ,l9us himself ! s+]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fd4--,orpheus & ,eurydice4 ,m>ble ,relief ,9 ! ,villa ,albani4 ,simil> doleful memories are l9k$ ) ! "n ( ,orpheus1 :o is (t5 t]m$ a bro!r ( ,l9us1 ?\gh he 0 really n an olian1 b a ,?racian ( ,pi]ia4 ,t :i* is be/ kn[n ( him is ! /ory ( 8 love = ! beautiful nymph ,eurydice4 ,%e 0 bitt5 9 ! foot by a snake1 & ?us snat*$ away f him by dea?4 ,orpheus !n fill$ m\nta9 & valley ) songs ( lam5tation s pite\s1 t ! wild bea/s ( ! =e/ 7 en*ant$ at ! s\nd1 & foll[$ him l lambs2 & ! v rocks & trees mov$ f _! places4 ,8 ye>n+ t[>ds 8 belov$ ,eurydice induc$ him to desc5d to ! l[] _w1 to beg h] release f ! grim k+ ( %ad[s4 ,"h 8 pite\s lay caus$ ev5 ! ,er9yes to %$ te>s ( compassion1 & mov$ ! h>d he>t ( ! ,/ygian k+4 ,he releas$ ,eurydice on condition t ,orpheus %\ld n look back on h] till he rea*$ ! upp] _w4 ,orpheus1 h[ev]1 violat$ ?is condition1 & ,eurydice 0 once m lo/ to him4 ,he himself1 n long aft]w>ds1 :il/ w&]+ 9 8 despair ov] ! ,?racian m\nta9s1 0 torn 9 pieces by "s wom5 9 ! mad excitem5t ( _! nightly ,bac*analian orgies4 ,a spl5did repres5tation ( ! second p>t+ ( ! lov]s by ,h]mes1 ! guide ( s\ls1 has come d[n to u on a m>ble relief1 :i* is pres]v$ 9 ! ,villa ,albani 7,fig4 #fd74 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,index4 bas1 #ahg4 ca/us1 #bcd1 #bcg1 #bdf4 *lu1 #aaj1 #baj4 *rn1 #adi4 *illes 7*illeus71 #ce1 #afh1 #bdf1 #bea1 #bec4 *r1 #ahf4 crsu1 #ahg1 #aia4 ,acton1 #di1 #aga4 ,actrd1 #bji4 ,admt1 #bjb4 ,admtus1 #bca1 #bcd dnis1 #eg4 ,adra/us1 #bdj1 #bda1 #bdh4 cus1 #adi1 #bde1 #bdg4 dn1 #agi4 ts1 #ij1 #bce4 geus1 #bbj1 #bbc1 #bcg4 gleus1 #bda4 gmu1 #baa4 gna1 #ahj1 #bde4 gis1 #bb1 #ce1 #dj4 gi/hus1 #fd1 #aeb1 #bde1 #beg4 gyptus1 #ahf4 nz1 #eh1 #aeg1 #bea4 lus1 #id1 #agi1 #bcb4 sclpu 7vide ,asclepius74 sn1 #bcc4 ?ra1 #bbj4 tna1 #ba1 #fi4 gmemnn1 #di1 #fd1 #aeb1 #bde1 #beg4 g?dmn1 #ih4 gv1 #aae1 #aga4 gnr1 #agj1 #ahf1 #bbg4 ,agla1 #hc4 ,aglaurus1 #bah4 ,agru1 #bdh4 dneus1 #adf 7vide ,hades74 jax1 ,telamonian1 #bdg1 #bec4 jax1 ,locrian1 #bdg1 #bdh1 #bei4 ,alcu1 #aih4 ,alc?u1 #bdg4 ,alcmon1 #bda4 ,alcmn1 #bf1 #aia1 #aih4 lect1 #aea4 lu1 #bji4 ld1 #ajb4 ,al?a1 #bcb4 mal?a1 #ai1 #baj4 mzons1 #ahj1 #ahb1 #bjb1 #bbd4 mor1 #gh4 ,amphru1 #ahh1 #bca1 #bcd1 #bdj4 ,amphictyn1 #bah4 ,amphn1 #aga1 #agb4 ,amphitrt1 #aja1 #ajd4 ,amphitryn1 #aia1 #aih4 mycus1 #aie1 #bcd4 myntor1 #bdf4 my?nd1 #ahh1 #bdj1 #bdh4 ncs1 #aif4 ,ancu1 #bca4 ,an*n1 #ahf4 ,an*ss1 #eh1 #bdb4 ,&rgs1 #bbb1 #bbh4 ,&rmda1 #ajb1 #aij4 ,anna ,pr5na1 #ih4 ,antu1 #ajb1 #bje4 ,anta1 #ahg4 ,antros1 #eg1 #gh4 ,an!/ra1 #aah4 ,anticla1 #bdi4 ,antgn1 #bdj4 ,antl*us1 #bec4 ,antp1 #bbd4 phreus1 #aid4 phrd1 #aid1 #bca4 phidn1 #aie1 #bbd4 ,aphrdt1 #be1 #eb1 #ef1 #gh1 #hc1 #afc1 #bbb1 #bdi4 pollo1 #ad1 #bf1 #dj1 #fb1 #aeb1 #aee1 #agf1 #bjf1 #bdb4 ,apsyrtus1 #bcf4 qulo1 #id4 ,arcas1 #ic4 ,arctus1 #ic4 ,areopagus1 #eb1 #aeb4 rs1 #bf1 #ea1 #eg1 #gh1 #agj1 #aga1 #bjb1 #bcc4 ,args1 #ah4 ,argphonts1 #ahe4 ,argonauts1 #ij1 #ajg1 #aie1 #bja1 #bbe1 #bcj1 #bcb1 #bcd1 #bdh4 ,arg1 #bcd4 ,args1 #ca1 #ahe1 #bdd4 ,argus1 #fd1 #ahe1 #ahf1 #bcd4 radn1 #aaf1 #abc1 #bbb1 #bbh4 ri/u1 #aga4 ,artmis1 #be1 #dh1 #aee1 #aga1 #bja1 #bcj1 #bej1 #beh4 ,asclpu1 #db1 #id1 #bbi4 spus1 #ahj1 #bde4 ,assrcus1 #bdb4 ,a/ra1 #ah1 #aec4 ,a/rn1 #bbg4 ,a/ru1 #ib4 ,a/ydma1 #bdf4 tlant1 #bca4 ?mas1 #ajh1 #bcb4 ?n1 #ac1 #cd1 #afc1 #bjf1 #bdi4 ?n ,plz1 #ce1 #ch1 #bai4 ,atlas1 #fb1 #afb1 #bje4 ,atreus1 #bdd4 ,atrpos1 #ih4 ,attica1 #cf1 #bag4 ,attis 7tys71 #aad1 #acj4 ,aug1 #bji4 ,augz1 #bja1 #bjh1 #bab4 ,aurra1 #ib4 ,autlycus1 #bdi4 ,autn1 #aga4 ,bac*us1 #aad4 ,bellrphn 7,belrphonts71 #ahj1 #bci4 ,bellna1 #ed4 ,blus1 #ahf4 ,b5?scm1 #ajd4 ,br1 #aae4 ,bz1 #ahh1 #bdj4 ,bn ,d1 #acb4 ,bnus v5tus1 #ih4 ,brd1 #id1 #bcd4 ,brz1 #ib1 #id1 #bai4 ,brreus1 #ah4 ,bronts1 #ah4 ,bsris1 #bje4 ,cbr1 #gj4 ,ccus1 #bjd1 #bad4 ,cadmus1 #bf1 #eb1 #aad1 #agj1 #aga1 #bag1 #bcb1 #bcg1 #bdj4 ,cneus1 #afe4 ,cls1 #id1 #bai1 #bcd4 ,cal*as1 #bej1 #bfb4 ,callp1 #hb4 ,callrh1 #bjc4 ,calli/1 #ic4 ,calydonian ,hunt1 #aie1 #bbe1 #bcj1 #bdf4 ,clyps1 #fd4 ,cmn1 #hc4 ,cpys1 #bdb4 ,c>na 7,c>da71 #ig4 ,c>p1 #he4 ,cass&ra1 #bej1 #beg1 #bei4 ,casspa1 #aij4 ,ca/r1 #afh1 #age1 #aid1 #bca4 ,catreus1 #bbh4 ,cecrops1 #bag1 #bah4 ,clu1 #adj4 ,c5taurs1 #afe1 #bjj1 #bbc4 ,c5taurs1 fight )1 #aff4 ,c5timanes1 #ag4 ,cphlus1 #bai4 ,cpheus 7?iopia71 #aij4 ,cpheus 7,tegea71 #bji4 ,cphsus1 #abe4 ,c]brus1 #adi1 #aig1 #bjf4 ,c]cpes1 #bjh4 ,c]cyn1 #ajb1 #bba4 ,cres1 #be1 #acg1 #adc4 ,cres 7,fates71 #aee4 ,ct1 #ah1 #ajf1 #aji1 #ahi4 ,cx1 #baj4 ,*s1 #ag4 ,*rts1 #be1 #hc4 ,*rn1 #adi4 ,*mra1 #aha4 ,*rn1 #afh1 #aga1 #bbj1 #bcc1 #bde4 ,*rsor1 #aij1 #bjc4 ,*rsippus1 #bdd4 ,circ1 #ij1 #bei4 ,clrus1 oracle (1 #db1 #bfb4 ,cl1 #hb4 ,clcna1 #ei4 ,cl?1 #ih4 ,clymn1 #afb4 ,clytmne/ra1 #aeb1 #aid1 #bde1 #beg1 #beh4 ,cclus1 #bbi4 ,cu1 #ah4 ,clossus ( ,rhodes1 #ia4 ,cra1 #ach1 #adc4 ,crybantes1 #aac4 ,crynts1 #bba4 ,cottus1 #ah4 ,crnu1 #bah4 ,crn1 #aih1 #aii1 #bch1 #bda4 ,cr!us1 #bcc4 ,crsa1 #bcg4 ,cru1 #ag4 ,crnus1 #ah1 #ga1 #aac1 #acd1 #afh4 ,cpd1 #gi4 ,crtes1 #ai1 #aac1 #bca4 ,cybl1 #aac1 #abg4 ,cy*reus1 #bdg4 ,cyclpes1 #ag1 #gj1 #ahg4 ,cycnus1 #baj1 #bea4 ,cylln1 #fb4 ,ddlus1 #bbh1 #bbi4 ,dmons1 #ajj4 ,dma/s1 #bba4 ,dn1 #bf1 #ahh4 ,danaids1 #adi1 #ahf4 ,dnu1 #ahf4 ,d>dnus1 #bdb4 ,dea?1 #aed4 ,dnra1 #baj4 ,dphbus1 #bef4 ,delphian ,oracle1 #db1 #gb1 #aab1 #agj4 ,dmtr1 #ai1 #be1 #aji1 #acg1 #aci1 #ahf1 #bdc4 ,dmphn1 #adj1 #bbe4 ,dmus1 #eb1 #eg4 ,d1 #acg4 ,deucln1 #afb1 #afd1 #bah4 ,dna1 #di 7vide ,artemis74 ,dc1 #hd4 ,dictys1 #ahi4 ,didyman ,oracle1 #db4 ,docls1 #adj4 ,dmds1 ,argive1 #afh1 #bdg1 #bei4 ,dmds1 ,?racian1 #bjb4 ,dn1 #be1 #ef4 ,dnsa1 ,great]1 #aai4 ,dnsa1 ,less]1 #aah4 ,dnsus1 #bf1 #eg1 #fh1 #hc1 #aad1 #acj1 #bbc4 ,doscri1 #aid1 #bbd1 #bca1 #bcd1 #bdf1 #bej4 ,dirc1 #agc4 ,dis1 #adg4 ,ddna1 ,oracle (1 #bd4 ,dris1 #ajf4 ,dryads1 #abe4 ,drypes1 #baa1 #bab4 ,dryops1 #abh4 *idna1 #aha1 #bjj1 #bjd4 *1 #eh1 #abd4 gra1 #hc4 lectra 7daught] ( ,agamemnon71 #beh4 lectra 7daught] ( ,atlas71 #bdb4 lectra 7daught] ( ,oceanus71 #ajf4 lectryn1 #aia1 #aih4 leusna1 #ada4 leusis1 #adj4 lysum1 #adi1 #afa4 m?n1 #bje4 ,ends1 #afh1 #bde4 ,endymn1 #ia4 n1 #ed4 s1 #ah1 #ib1 #bai1 #bec4 pphus1 #ahe1 #ahf4 pu1 #bed4 pgni1 #bda1 #bdh1 #bfb4 pm!us1 #afc4 ppeus1 #agc4 rt1 #hb4 re*!us1 #id1 #bah1 #bbi4 ,ergnus1 #aii4 ri*?nu 7vide ,ere*!us74 rnes1 #ii1 #aej1 #aea1 #bca1 #beh1 #bfd4 riphl1 #bdj4 ris1 #bdi4 ros1 #ag1 #eg1 #eh1 #gh4 rysi*?n1 #ada4 tocls1 #bdj1 #bda4 ,eumndes1 #aeb1 #bci4 ,eumolpus1 #adj4 ,eunma1 #hd4 ,euphrsyn1 #hc4 ,eurp 7,europa71 #bf1 #bbg4 ,eurus1 #ib4 ,euryl1 #aij4 ,euryba1 #ah4 ,eurydc1 #bfd4 ,eurynm1 #be1 #fh1 #hc4 ,eury/heus1 #aih1 #bjb1 #bdd4 ,eurytn1 #afe1 #bdf4 ,eurytus1 #bjf1 #baa4 ,eut]p1 #hb4 ,fates 7vide ,mr74 ,fauna1 #acb4 ,faunla1 #acb4 ,faunus1 #aca4 ,fvnu1 #id4 ,flctas1 #ajj4 ,flra1 #acf4 ,fontus1 #gf1 #aaj4 ,=tna1 #ih4 ,fr 7,furies7 7vide ,er9yes74 ,ga1 #ag1 #ai1 #aab1 #abi1 #aec1 #bjd1 #bah4 ,gnymds1 #hg1 #bjc4 ,g1 #ag 7vide ,ga74 ,glnr1 #ahf4 ,gni1 #ajj4 ,gryns 7,g]yon71 #aij1 #bjc4 ,ggantes 7,giants71 #ba4 ,glaucus ,pontius1 #ajg4 ,glaucus 7son ( ,m9os71 #bbh4 ,glaucus 7son ( ,sisyphus71 #ahj4 ,gorgnum 7vide gis74 ,gorgons1 #ah1 #ajg1 #ahi4 ,graces1 #hc1 #afc4 ,grdvus1 #ec4 ,gr1 #ah1 #ajg1 #ahi4 ,grt 7vide ,graces74 ,gys1 #ah4 ,hds1 #ai1 #aci1 #adf1 #ahg1 #bbd4 ,hamadryads1 #abe4 ,h>mna1 #eb1 #aga1 #bdj4 ,h>pies1 #ah1 #ajf1 #bce4 ,hb1 #bf1 #hg1 #aig1 #bab4 ,hcb 7vide ,hecuba74 ,hct1 #ia1 #aec4 ,hector1 #bea4 ,hcba1 #bdc1 #bdi1 #bef4 ,hln 7,hel571 #eh1 #aid1 #bbd1 #bde1 #bef1 #bei4 ,hlnus1 #bed4 ,hlos1 #ah1 #hi1 #aci1 #bjc1 #bbh4 ,hell1 #bcb4 ,hph/us1 #bf1 #eb1 #eg1 #fh1 #afc1 #bba1 #bbi1 #bce1 #beb4 ,hra1 #ac1 #ai1 #bf1 #ca1 #fh1 #hg1 #if1 #aig1 #bjb1 #bjd1 #bch1 #bdi4 ,hracls1 #gi1 #hg1 #ajf1 #afa1 #ahc1 #ahg1 #aig1 #bcd4 ,hrum1 #cb4 ,h]cles1 #bjd1 #bad 7vide ,h]acles74 ,h]ms1 #ad1 #be1 #eg1 #fb1 #afc1 #ahf1 #ahi1 #bjf1 #bdc4 ,h]oes1 #aei4 ,h]s1 #bah1 #bai4 ,hsne1 #bjc1 #bjh1 #bdg4 ,hesprdes1 #ij1 #ajg1 #bjd4 ,hesprus1 #ic4 ,he/a1 #ai1 #ga4 ,hmrus1 #eh4 ,hippcn1 #bji1 #bab4 ,hippdma1 #bdc4 ,hipplyt1 #bbd4 ,hipplytus1 #eh1 #bbd4 ,hom]1 #ac1 #ce1 #eb1 #hf1 #add1 #bjf1 #bdi4 ,hnos1 #aif4 ,hr1 #be1 #hd4 ,hyc9?us1 #da1 #bfc4 ,hydes1 #ic4 ,hydra1 #bjj4 ,hyga1 #cf1 #if4 ,hylas1 #bcd4 ,hyllus1 #baj4 ,hymn1 #eh4 ,hymnu1 #eh4 ,hyprn1 #ah1 #ij1 #ib4 ,hyp]mne/ra1 #ahg4 ,hypnus1 #aee4 ptus1 #ag1 #afb4 cru1 #aid1 #bdi4 crs1 #bbi4 ,i*?yoc5taurs1 #aje4 das1 #aie1 #bca4 dmneus1 #bbi1 #bei4 ,iliad1 #bca1 #bdb1 #bdh4 l?yia1 #if4 lus1 #bdb4 n*us1 #ahe4 n1 #ajh1 #aae1 #aga1 #bcb4 nu1 #aca4 1 #bf1 #fd1 #ahe4 bts1 #aha1 #ahg4 ca/1 #bch4 lu1 #bjj1 #bjd1 #bjf1 #bca4 l1 #bjf1 #baa4 n1 #bai4 phnassa1 #ahh4 phicls1 #aih1 #bca4 phgna1 #di1 #bea4 phtus1 #bjf1 #bcd4 rn1 #hd4 rs1 #ah1 #hf1 #ajf4 sis1 #ahf4 ,ism5ian ,oracle1 #db4 ,i/hmian ,games1 #aja4 tylus1 #agi4 ,ixn1 #adi1 #aff4 ,jnus1 #ac1 #gd4 ,jsn1 #bca1 #bcc4 ,jno1 #ac1 #bf1 #cb4 ,jpt]1 #ac1 #bb1 #bd1 #cf1 #gg4 ,jv5tas1 #hg4 ,labdcd1 #bcg4 ,labdcus1 #agi4 ,l*sis1 #ih4 ,ldn1 #bjd4 ,lrts1 #bdi4 ,lu1 #agi1 #bcg4 ,lampus1 #ib4 ,lcn1 #bed4 ,ldmas1 #bda4 ,lmdn1 #ajb1 #bjc1 #bjh1 #bdb4 ,lp?1 #afe1 #baa1 #bbc4 ,lrs1 #aeg4 ,l>v1 #aeh4 ,ltna 7vide ,leto74 ,lar*us1 #ajh1 #bcb4 ,lda1 #bf1 #aid4 ,lmrla1 #aeh4 ,lmrs1 #aeh4 ,lna1 #aah4 ,lt1 #ah1 #be1 #da1 #dh1 #aej4 ,leucippus1 #aie4 ,leuc?a 7vide ,ino74 ,lb]1 #abj1 #adc4 ,lbrla1 #abj4 ,lbtna1 #ei4 ,lbya1 #ahf4 ,l*as1 #bab4 ,lnus1 #db1 #aii1 #bfc4 ,l[] ,_w1 #adg4 ,lna1 #di1 #ia4 ,lp]cla1 #acb4 ,lp]cus1 #aca4 ,lyu1 #aag4 ,lycmds1 #bbe1 #bdg4 ,lycus 7,!bes71 #agc4 ,lycus 7,meg>a71 #bbj4 ,lynceus 7,scy?ian71 #ada4 ,lynceus 7son ( ,aph>eus71 #aie1 #bca4 ,lynceus 7son ( ,danaus71 #ahg4 ,m*n1 #bed4 ,maia1 #be1 #fb1 #acb4 ,mns1 #aeh4 ,mant1 #bda1 #bfb4 ,m>s1 or ,mvors1 #bf1 #eb1 #gg4 ,m>syz1 #abg4 ,mt] ,magna da1 #aac1 #acj4 ,mt] ,mtta1 #ib 7note74 ,matrnlia1 #cc4 ,mda1 #bba1 #bcj1 #bce1 #bdf4 ,mdsa1 #ce1 #ajc1 #aha1 #ahi4 ,mgp5?s1 #aia4 ,mgra1 #aej4 ,mgra1 #aii1 #bjf4 ,mlamps1 #ahh1 #bdj4 ,mlg]1 #afh1 #baj1 #bcj1 #bcd4 ,mla1 #ahe4 ,mlc]ts1 #ajh1 #bcb4 ,melpmn1 #hb4 ,memnn1 #ib1 #bec4 ,mnlu1 #bde1 #bej1 #beh4 ,mne/heus1 #bbe4 ,mntu1 #afb4 ,m]cru1 #fe4 ,mrp1 #ahj1 #bch4 ,mtn1 #bbj1 #bbi4 ,mtnd1 #bbj4 ,mtis1 #be4 ,mtus1 #ed4 ,mdas1 #abg4 ,mn]va1 #ac1 #bf1 #cf1 #acg1 #bbh4 ,mns1 #aaf1 #adi1 #bjb1 #bbb1 #bbg1 #bbh4 ,m9otaur1 #bbb1 #bbg1 #bbh4 ,mnmsyn1 #ag1 #ai1 #be1 #ha4 ,mr1 #be1 #ih1 #bcb4 ,mlnd1 #bji4 ,mopsus1 #bfb4 ,morpheus1 #aee4 ,msy*lus1 #gj4 ,mulcb]1 #ga4 ,murca1 #ei4 ,muses1 #be1 #db1 #hj1 #ha1 #aba4 ,mtnus1 #acc4 ,myrtlus1 #bdd4 ,naiads1 #abd4 ,np1 #abd4 ,n>cissus1 #eh1 #abd4 ,nleus1 #bji1 #bab1 #bdh4 ,nmsis1 #ih4 ,noptlmus1 #bed1 #bef4 ,nphl1 #bcb4 ,neptune 7,neptnus71 #ajd4 ,n]eids1 #aje1 #aij1 #bec4 ,nreus1 #ah1 #aje1 #bje4 ,n]io1 #ed4 ,nessus1 #baj4 ,ne/or1 #afe1 #afh1 #bji1 #bdg4 ,nc1 #he4 ,night1 #aed4 ,nlus1 #ahf4 ,nb1 #dh1 #agf1 #bdc4 ,nsus1 #bbj1 #bbb4 ,ntus1 #ib4 ,nycteus1 #agb4 ,nymphs1 #abc1 #ahi1 #bjd4 ,oceanids1 #fh1 #hc1 #aaj1 #afh4 cnus1 #ah1 #be1 #ia1 #aji1 #afb4 dysseus1 #fd1 #ajb1 #aji1 #bdi1 #bec1 #bei4 dps1 #aec1 #bch4 neus1 #baj1 #bcj1 #bdh4 nmu1 #bdc4 cls1 #bjh4 leus1 #bdh4 ,olympian ,games1 #bd1 #dc1 #aif4 ,omphl1 #bjh4 ,ops1 #acc4 ,orcus1 #aee4 ,oreads1 #abd1 #abi4 re/s1 #di1 #aeb1 #beh4 rn1 #ib1 #ic4 r?yia1 #id1 #bai4 ,orpheus1 #db1 #bcd1 #bfd4 ,os*phra1 #bbc4 ,pgnala1 #aac4 ,plmn1 #aji4 ,plmds1 #bea4 ,ples1 #acf4 ,palldum1 #bdb1 #bdi1 #bed4 ,pallas1 #bbj1 #bbb4 ,pallas ,a?n 7vide ,a!ne74 ,pallor1 #ed4 ,pn1 #aae1 #abh4 ,pn?na1 #cg1 #bbc4 ,p&rs1 #agi4 ,p&n1 #bbj4 ,p&ra1 #afc4 ,p&rsus1 #bah4 ,pnes1 #abe1 #acj1 #ace4 ,p>c1 #ih1 #aee4 ,pris1 #bdi1 #bec1 #bed4 ,p>?nn1 #cf4 ,psph1 #bbh4 ,patroclus1 #beb4 ,pgsus1 #ajc1 #aha1 #aij4 ,pleus1 #eh1 #ajf1 #afh1 #bjh1 #bca1 #bcd1 #bde1 #bdi4 ,plz1 #ahj1 #bcc1 #bdf1 #bdh4 ,plpd1 #bdc1 #beh4 ,plops1 #aej1 #agf1 #bdc4 ,pnts1 #gc1 #aef4 ,pnlp1 #aia1 #bdi1 #bei4 ,pnlp 7,nymph71 #abh4 ,p5?sla1 #ahc1 #beb4 ,p5!us1 #aae4 ,prba1 #bdg4 ,priclymnus1 #bji1 #bcd4 ,prphts1 #bba4 ,p]s1 #ij4 ,p]ss1 #bbh4 ,p]sphn1 #be1 #ia1 #aji1 #ach1 #adc1 #aee1 #bbd4 ,p]seus1 #ajb1 #ahh1 #aih1 #bdd4 ,phdra1 #eh1 #bbd1 #bbh4 ,ph?n 7son ( ,helios71 #ij4 ,ph?n 7horse ( ,eos71 #ib4 ,phloctts1 #bab1 #bea1 #bed1 #bei4 ,phlyra1 #afh4 ,phneus1 #ajg1 #aia1 #bce4 ,phbus1 #eg4 ,phb1 #ah1 #di4 ,phnix1 #bdf4 ,phlus1 #bjj4 ,phorcys1 #ah1 #ajf1 #aji1 #ahi4 ,phosphrus1 #ic4 ,phrixus1 #bcb4 ,phleus1 #bji4 ,pr?u1 #afe1 #bjf1 #bca4 ,pit!us1 #bbj4 ,ptycampts1 #bba4 ,pleides1 #ic4 ,plexippus1 #bcb4 ,plteus1 #adf4 ,plt1 #adf1 #aee4 ,plt 7fem471 #bdc4 ,pd>cs1 #bjh4 ,pz1 #bab4 ,plybus1 #bch4 ,plyca/1 #aid4 ,plycltus1 #cb4 ,plydects1 #ahi1 #aij4 ,plydeucs 7,pollux71 #afh1 #age1 #aid1 #bca4 ,plydrus1 #agb1 #agi4 ,plyhymna1 #hc4 ,plydus1 #bbi4 ,plyncs1 #bdj4 ,plyphmus1 #ajb4 ,plyxna1 #bec1 #bef4 ,pmna1 #ace4 ,pontus1 #ag1 #ah1 #aje4 ,pseidn1 #ac1 #ai1 #bj1 #gb1 #ajj1 #ahj1 #bji4 ,p?us1 #eh4 ,prmus 7,priam71 #ahc1 #bjh1 #bdc1 #bdi1 #bef4 ,prpus1 #acc4 ,procris1 #bai4 ,procru/s1 #ajb1 #bba4 ,prtdes1 #ahh4 ,prtus1 #aha1 #ahg1 #aia4 ,prm!us1 #afb1 #bje4 ,prs]pna 7vide ,p]sephone74 ,prtslu1 #bea4 ,prteus1 #ajg4 ,ps*1 #gi4 ,pynepsa1 #bbc1 #bbf4 ,pylds1 #beh4 ,pyrrha1 #afd4 ,p?a 7vide ,delphian ,oracle74 ,p?n1 #da1 #ahi4 ,qu9quatrs ,mjrs1 #cg4 ,qurnus1 #gg4 ,rec>nus1 #bad4 ,rhdman?ys 7,rhadaman?us71 #adi1 #bbg4 ,rha1 #ah1 #ga4 ,rha ,cybl1 #aac4 ,rhd1 #ajd4 ,slca1 #aje4 ,salmneus1 #bcc4 ,slus1 #ig4 ,s&n1 #bjg4 ,s>pdn1 #bbg4 ,sturnlia1 #acd4 ,sturnus1 #bf1 #acc4 ,satyrs1 #abe4 ,scrn1 #bba4 ,scts1 #aec4 ,scylla1 #bbb4 ,sln1 #ah1 #di1 #ia1 #aec4 ,sml1 #bf1 #ajh1 #aad1 #aga4 ,semn1 #aeb4 ,sibyls1 #db4 ,slni1 #abe1 #abg4 ,slnus1 #aae1 #abf4 ,silvnus1 #aca4 ,sms1 #bdb4 ,snis1 #bba4 ,snn1 #bed4 ,sir5s1 #aji4 ,sru1 #ic4 ,ssyphus1 #adi1 #agi4 ,sleep1 #aed4 ,sol1 #hi1 #ij4 ,slymi1 #ahb4 ,sph9x1 #bch4 ,/>s1 !1 #ic4 ,/rps1 #ah4 ,/hnba1 #ahg4 ,/hnlus1 #aih1 #bdd4 ,/hn1 #aij4 ,/rna1 #ig4 ,/rges1 #ig4 ,/rphu1 #beh4 ,/ymphldes1 #bja4 ,/yx1 #adi4 ,sleus1 #bjh4 ,symplgdes1 #bce4 ,sr9x1 #abf1 #abi4 ,tls1 #bbi4 ,tantlus1 #adi1 #agf1 #bdc4 ,t>trus1 #ag1 #ai1 #ba4 ,tlmn1 #bjh1 #bca1 #bcd1 #bde1 #bdg1 #bei4 ,tlb1 #aih4 ,tlgnus1 #bei4 ,tlm*us1 #bei4 ,tlphassa1 #agj4 ,tlphus1 #bji4 ,tellus1 #aab4 ,t]mnus1 #aca1 #acg4 ,t]ps*r1 #hb4 ,t?ys1 #ah1 #ii4 ,teuc]1 #bjh1 #bdg1 #bei4 ,teu?ras1 #baj4 ,?la1 #hb1 #hc4 ,?all1 #he4 ,?ntus1 #aee4 ,?aumas1 #ah1 #ajf4 ,?a 7,?a71 #ah1 #ij1 #ib4 ,?mis1 #ag1 #be1 #gh1 #hd4 ,!rs&]1 #bda4 ,?seus1 #dc1 #ajb1 #aaf1 #aff1 #afh1 #ahc1 #bjf1 #bai1 #bbh1 #bca1 #bcd4 ,!smphra1 #ada4 ,!sprtus1 #bde4 ,!/u1 #aid1 #bcb4 ,?tis1 #eh1 #fh1 #ajf1 #bdf1 #bdi1 #beb1 #bec4 ,?sa1 #abj4 ,?ye/s1 #bdd4 ,tbrnus1 #gf1 #aaj4 ,trsz1 #bda1 #bfb4 ,tsphn1 #aea4 ,titans1 #ag1 #ah1 #ai1 #ij4 ,t?nus1 #ib1 #bje4 ,ttyu1 #da1 #adi4 ,toxeus1 #bcb4 ,triptlmus1 #adj4 ,trtn1 #ce1 #ajd1 #aje1 #abi4 ,trlus1 #bea4 ,trs1 #hh1 #bjc1 #bdb4 ,ty*1 #ii4 ,tdeus1 #baj1 #bcd1 #bdj1 #bdh4 ,tyndru1 #aid1 #bji1 #bde1 #bdi4 ,typheus1 #ba4 ,tphn1 #bjj1 #bjd4 ,tr1 #bcc4 lysses 7vide ,odysseus74 rna1 #hb4 rnus1 #ag1 #ah1 #ai1 #ba1 #aeb4 ,vnus1 #eh4 ,v]tumnus1 #ace4 ,ve/a1 #gb1 #aef4 ,victra1 #he4 ,vulcan 7,volcnus71 #gj4 ,w9ds1 !1 #ic4 ,zphyrus1 #ib1 #id4 ,zts1 #id1 #bai1 #bcd4 ,z?us1 #aga1 #agb1 #agi4 ,zeus1 #ab1 #ac1 #af1 #ai1 #bb1 #ca1 #fb1 #hh1 #aae1 #afb1 #ahe4 ,illu/ration ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,transcrib]'s note3 #a4 ,sil5tly correct$ typographical errors & v>iations 9 spell+4 #b4 ,ar*aic1 non-/&>d1 & unc]ta9 spell+s reta9$ z pr9t$4