,,transcrib]',s ,,note ,italic text is d5ot$ by und]scores4 ,obvi\s typographical errors & punctuation errors h be5 correct$ aft] c>eful comp>ison ) o!r occurr5ces )9 ! text & consultation ( ext]nal s\rces4 ,no o!r *anges h be5 made to ! text4 ,,! ,,educational ,,writ+s ,,( ,,ri*>d ,,mulca/] ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,james ,,maclehose ,,& ,,sons1 ,,glasg[1 ,publi%]s to ! ,univ]sity4 ,,macmillan ,,& ,,co41 ,,ltd41 ,,london4 ,new ,york1 ,! ,macmillan ,co4 ,london1 ,simpk91 ,hamilton & ,co4 ,cambridge1 ,macmillan & ,b[es4 ,ed9burgh1 ,d\glas & ,f\lis4 ,,mcmiii4 ,,! ,,educational ,,writ+s ,,( ,,ri*>d ,,mulca/] 7#aecb-afaa7 ,,abridg$ ,,& ,,arrang$1 ,,) ,a ,,critical ,,e/imate ,,by ,,james ,,oliphant1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,r4,s4,e4 ,,au?or ,,( 8,,victorian ,,noveli/s10 ,,etc4 ,,glasg[ ,,james ,,maclehose ,,& ,,sons ,publi%]s to ! ,univ]sity #aijc ,,glasg[3 ,,pr9t$ ,,at ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,press ,,by ,,rob]t ,,maclehose ,,& ,,co4 ,,to ,,my ,,si/] ,,amy ,m4 ,,smi? ,,preface4 ,"s apology is ne$$ = ! pres5tation ( an ,elizabe?an writ] to ,engli% read]s 9 any =m b t ( ! orig9al text4 ,! ju/ification ( ! pres5t volume mu/ lie 9 ! fact t 9 ! ?ree c5turies & m t h elaps$ s9ce ! educational writ+s ( ,ri*>d ,mulca/] 7 giv5 to ! _w1 !y h entirely fail$ to ga9 acceptance z lit]ature4 ,?is neglect ( "o ( our mo/ int]e/+ & important educationi/s is no d\bt *iefly to be reg>d$ z "p ( ! g5]al indiff]5ce :i* until rec5tly ! ,briti% public has consi/5tly %[n to all discussion ( educational problems1 b :5 we consid] ! reputation ( ,mulca/]'s contempor>y1 ,rog] ,as*am1 :o _h f> less to say1 b knew h[ to say x ) lucidity & grace1 we are con/ra9$ to admit t ,mulca/] has lo/ 8 opportunity ( cat*+ ! _w's e>1 & t if 8 writ+s are to be kn[n & appreciat$ z !y des]ve by ?is g5]ation1 x mu/ be r = _! sub/ance ?an = _! lit]>y /yle4 ,x is true t ! s]i\s /ud5t may n[ be tru/$ to inve/igate = himself ! ?\ghts ( e>li] au?ors 9 spite ( difficulties ( =m & expression1 b ! g5]al read] w expect m help ?an1 9 ! case ( ,mulca/] at lea/1 is at pres5t available4 ,! e>li] ( 8 two *ief works1 ! ,positions1 publi%$ 9 #aeha1 0 out ( pr9t = #cjj ye>s1 until ! issue 9 #ahhh ( an almo/ facsimile edition by ! late ,mr4 ,quick1 to :om ! cr$it ( discov]+ ?is au?or is ma9ly due1 :ile ! second "w1 ! ,elem5t>ie1 has nev] be5 repr9t$ at all4 ,x is safe to assume t n _m read]s w c>e to possess !mselves ( ! some:at exp5sive repr9t ( ! =m] "w1 or to in/itute a se>* = "o ( ! r>e copies ( ! orig9al & only edition ( ! latt]4 ,& if ^! books 7 to be made m accessible1 x seem$ wor? :ile at ! same "t to pres5t !m 9 su* a =m t !y %\ld be readily intelligible to ! ord9>y read]4 ,9 ! case ( an ackn[l$g$ lit]>y classic x may be inadmissible to tamp] ev5 ) ! type & spell+1 f> m ) ! phraseology & arrangem5t ( s5t5ces1 b su* scruples w\ld be out ( place ) ! au?or n[ 9 "q4 ,an attempt has be5 made to remove all gratuit\s h9drances to a full und]/&+ ( ! au?or's mean+1 :ile omitt+ no?+ t is at once *>act]i/ic & significant4 ,x is hop$ t 9 ! process ( adaptation z little z possible has be5 lo/ ( ! qua9t flav\r ( ! orig9al1 & ( ! gifts ( expression t ,mulca/] und\bt$ly possess$1 h[ev] mu* ^! 7 obscur$ by ! euphui/ic t5d5cy & ! some:at lab\r$ con/ruction t m>k$ ! prose ( 8 "t4 ,j4 ,o4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,,! ,,me?od ,,( ,,treatm5t1 #a ,,! ,,purpose ,,( ,,writ+1 #b ,,reasons ,,= ,,writ+ ,,9 ,,engli%1 #d ,,fir/ ,,pr9ciples1 #d ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,au?ority1 #g ,,! ,,ideal ,,& ,,! ,,possible1 #aa ,,:5 ,,s*ool ,,education ,,%\ld ,,beg91 #ab ,,risk ,,( ,,ov]pressure1 #ac ,,m5s ,,sana ,,9 ,,corpore ,,sano1 #ad ,,physical ,,ex]cise ,,ne$s ,,regulation1 #ae ,,physical ,,& ,,m5tal ,,tra9+ ,,%\ld ,,g ,,toge!r1 #ae ,,ex]cise ,,specially ,,necess>y ,,= ,,/ud5ts1 #af ,,! ,,be/ ,,k9ds ,,( ,,ex]cise1 #ag ,,football ,,z ,a ,,=m ,,( ,,ex]cise1 #ag ,,is ,,education ,,to ,,be ,,(f]$ ,,to ,,bo? ,,sexes8 #ah ,,all ,,_c ,,receive ,a ,,le>n$ ,,education1 #ai ,,*oice ,,( ,,s*ol>s ,,bo? ,,f ,,ri* ,,& ,,poor1 #bj ,,! ,,numb] ,,( ,,s*ol>s ,,limit$ ,,by ,,circum/ances1 #ba ,,! ,,numb] ,,( ,,s*ol>s ,,kept ,,d[n ,,by ,,law1 #bb ,,tal5t ,,n ,,peculi> ,,ei!r ,,to ,,ri* ,,or ,,poor1 #bb ,,*oice ,,( ,,^? ,,fit ,,= ,,le>n+1 #bc ,,h[ ,,! ,,*oice ,,( ,,s*ol>s1 ,,%\ld ,,be ,,det]m9$1 #bd ,,gr\nds ,,= ,,promotion1 #be ,,co-,,op]ation ,,( ,,p>5ts1 #bg ,,admission ,,into ,,colleges1 #bh ,,pref]m5t ,,to ,,degrees1 #bi ,,natural ,,capacity ,,9 ,,*ildr51 #cj ,,enc\ragem5t ,,bett] ,,?an ,,sev]ity1 #cb ,,moral ,,tra9+ ,,falls ,,*iefly ,,on ,,p>5ts1 #cb ,,elem5t>y ,,in/ruction--,,read+1 #cc ,,! ,,v]nacul> ,,fir/1 #cd ,,mat]ial ,,( ,,read+1 #ce ,,writ+1 #cf ,,elem5t>y ,,p]iod ,a ,,"t ,,( ,,probation1 #cg ,,draw+1 #cg ,,music1 #ci ,,f\r ,,elem5t>y ,,subjects1 #db ,,/udy ,,( ,,languages1 #dd ,,foll[ ,,nature1 #de ,,education ,,( ,,girls1 #ej ,,aim ,,( ,,education ,,= ,,girls1 #ec ,,:5 ,,_! ,,education ,,%\ld ,,beg91 #ed ,,all ,,%\ld ,,h ,,elem5t>y ,,education1 #ee ,,high] ,,/udies ,,= ,,"s1 #eg ,,:at ,,high] ,,/udies ,,are ,,suitable1 #eh ,,:o ,,%\ld ,,be ,,_! ,,tea*]s1 #fj ,,! ,,education ,,( ,,"y ,,g5tlem51 #fj ,,private ,,& ,,public ,,education1 #fa ,,:at ,,%\ld ,a ,,g5tleman ,,le>n8 #fe ,,:at ,,makes ,a ,,g5tleman8 #fh ,,le>n+ ,,useful ,,to ,,noblem51 #gj ,,c\rse ,,( ,,/udy ,,= ,a ,,g5tleman1 #gb ,,=eign ,,travel1 #gc ,,g5tlem5 ,,%\ld ,,take ,,up ,,! ,,pr(essions1 #gg ,,! ,,tra9+ ,,( ,a ,,pr9ce1 #gh ,,bo>d+-,,s*ools1 #gi ,,s*ool ,,build+s1 #hb ,,be/ ,,h\rs ,,= ,,/udy1 #hd ,,elem5t>y ,,tea*] ,,mo/ ,,important1 #he ,,! ,,gramm> ,,s*ool ,,tea*]1 #hg ,,! ,,tra9+ ,,( ,,tea*]s1 #ij ,,univ]sity ,,re=m1 #ia ,a ,,college ,,= ,,languages1 #ib ,a ,,college ,,= ,,ma!matics1 #ic ,a ,,college ,,= ,,philosophy1 #ie ,,pr(essional ,,colleges1 #if ,,g5]al ,,/udy ,,= ,,pr(essional ,,m51 #if ,a ,,tra9+ ,,college ,,= ,,tea*]s1 #ig ,,use ,,( ,,! ,,sev5 ,,colleges1 #ih ,,unit+ ,,( ,,colleges1 #ii ,,univ]sity ,,read]s1 #ajj ,,evils ,,( ,,ov]pressure1 #aja ,,limit ,,( ,,elem5t>y ,,c\rse1 #ajc ,,difficulties ,,9 ,,tea*+1 #ajd ,,uni=mity ,,( ,,me?od1 #aje ,,*oice ,,( ,,s*ool ,,books1 #aaj ,,s*ool ,,regulations1 #aac ,,puni%m5ts1 #aac ,,condition ,,( ,,tea*]s1 #aag ,,consultation ,,ab\t ,,*ildr51 #aah ,,sy/ematic ,,direction1 #aba ,,! ,,/&>d ,,( ,,engli% ,,spell+1 #abd ,,! ,,p]oration1 #aga ,,critical ,,e/imate1 #bji ,,biographical ,,sket*4 ,ri*>d ,mulca/] came ( a bord] family t c\ld trace its desc5t back to ! elev5? c5tury4 ,on 8 wife's tomb he describes himself z 8by anci5t p>5tage & l9eal desc5t1 an esquire born10 & !re is evid5ce t "s ( 8 ance/ors held positions ( importance1 bo? adm9i/rative & academic4 ,9 ! f\rte5? c5tury we he> ( a ,ri*>d de ,molca/re1 :o1 z ! second son1 inh]it$ f 8 fa!r1 ,sir ,william1 ! e/ates ( ,brak5hill & ,solport1 & ! family reta9$ its consid]ation up to our own "t4 ,b 9 ! reign ( ,elizabe? ! ance/ral l&s 7 no long] 9 ! possession ( ! bran* to :i* our au?or belong$4 ,he 0 probably born 9 ! bord] di/rict1 & ! date ( 8 bir? mu/ h be5 ab\t #aecb4 ,he 0 s5t to ,eton1 !n "u ,ni*olas ,udall1 :o z a headma/] 0 kn[n alike = 8 le>n+ & 8 sev]ity1 & :o z ! writ] ( ! fir/ regul> ,engli% com$y1 may h giv5 ,mulca/] 8 ta/e = ! drama4 ,9 #aedh he w5t to ,cambridge z a ,k+'s ,s*ol>1 b 9 #aeee we he> ( 8 election z a ,/ud5t ( ,*ri/*ur*1 ,ox=d4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> he 0 8lic5s$ to proce$ 9 ,arts40 ,he _h a reputation = a k ( ,hebrew z well z ( ,lat9 & ,greek1 & seems %ortly aft]w>ds to h *os5 ! pr(ession ( a s*oolma/]1 mak+ 8 way to ,london ab\t #aeeh or #aeei4 ,9 #aefj ! ,guild ( ,m]*ant ,taylors decid$ to e/abli% ! well-kn[n day ,gramm> ,s*ool = boys :i* /ill be>s _! "n1 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> ,mulca/] 0 appo9t$ ! fir/ headma/]1 hav+ *>ge ( two hundr$ & fifty s*ol>s1 ) ! assi/ance ( ?ree und]ma/]s4 ,! s*ool h\rs 7 f #g to #aa a4m4 & f #a to #e p4m41 ) "o half holiday 9 ! week1 besides ! ord9>y *ur* fe/ival days1 & = ?is ! headma/] receiv$ ! sal>y ( #aj 7equival5t to #hj or #ajj n[71 besides a dwell+ 9 ! s*ool & a small sum f entrance fees4 ,he 0 grant$ tw5ty days' leave ( abs5ce 9 ! ye>1 b 0 n all[$ to hold any o!r (fice1 ?\gh 8 appo9tm5t 0 only held f ye> to ye>4 ,! reputation ,mulca/] _h already ga9$ z a tea*] be=e 8 appo9tm5t is %[n 9 ! fact t ! po/ 0 (f]$ to him )\t 8 application1 & t he accept$ x only aft] "s hesitation1 :5 he 0 promis$ an additional #aj ( sal>y1 on ! private & p]sonal gu>antee ( "o ( ! ,gov]nors4 ,he held ! position = tw5ty-five ye>s1 & 8 successful conduct ( ! s*ool is fully atte/$ by ! v]dict ( em95t s*ol>s :o act$ z exam9]s1 by ! expressions ( satisfaction 9 ! m9utes ( ! ,c\ncil1 & by ! te/imony ( ! pupils !mselves1 _m ( :om atta9$ di/9ction 9 aft]-life4 ,( ,mulca/]'s s*ol>s at ,m]*ant ,taylors' ,s*ool ! mo/ fam\s 0 ,edmund ,sp5s]1 b 9 ! abs5ce ( any ref]5ce to 8 tea*] by ! poet1 we h to be cont5t ) ! direct evid5ce ( ,lancelot ,&rews1 ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/]1 & ,sir ,james ,:itelock1 ,ju/ice ( ! ,k+'s ,b5*4 ,( ! =m] x is record$ t he 8ev] lov$ & hon\r$0 8 =m] headma/]1 befri5d+ him & 8 son aft] him1 & keep+ 8 portrait ov] ! door ( 8 /udy4 ,! latt] tells u t ,mulca/] besides in/ruct+ him well 9 ,lat91 ,greek1 & ,hebrew1 0 c>eful to increase 8 skill 9 music1 & *ose him to act ) o!r s*ol>s 9 ! plays he pres5t$ at ,c\rt1 by :i* means ! boys 7 taught good mann]s & self-confid5ce4 ,! acc\nt ( him 9 ,full]'s ,wor?ies may p]haps repres5t ! impressions ( less gift$ s*ol>s--8,atropos might be p]suad$ to pity1 z soon z he to p>don1 :]e he f\nd j fault4 ,! pray]s ( cock]+ mo!rs prevail$ ) him z mu* z ! reque/s ( indulg5t fa!rs1 r increas+ ?an mitigat+ 8 sev]ity on _! (f5d+ *ild4444 ,o!rs h taught z mu* le>n+ ) few] la%es1 yet 8 %>pness 0 ! bett] endur$1 because imp>tial1 & _m excell5t s*ol>s 7 br$ "u him40 ,b :ile ,mulca/] 0 build+ up securely ! reputation ( ! s*ool1 8 own position 0 n always com=table1 & 9 ! end ! friction betwe5 himself & ! gov]n+ body became s great t he felt con/ra9$ to resign ! headma/]%ip4 ,?is 0 no d\bt p>tly due to 8 own some:at ha/y & ma/]ful temp]1 = on "o occasion at lea/ x is record$ 9 ! m9utes ( ! ,c\ncil t he _h made op5 apology = ?+s said & done 9 ang]1 b !re 7 m la/+ causes ( dispute4 ,aft] ! fir/ eight ye>s ! promis$ supplem5t to 8 (ficial income 0 no long] =?com+1 app>5tly ow+ to ! decl9+ circum/ances ( ! memb] ( ! ,c\ncil :o _h contribut$ x1 & ,mulca/] hav+ on ! /r5g? ( ?is extra sum increas$ ! sal>y ( 8 fir/ assi/ant1 conceiv$ t he 0 entitl$ to its cont9uance f ! ,company4 ,!re 7 besides disputes betwe5 ! ,c\ncil & ! au?orities ( ,/4 ,john's ,college1 ,ox=d1 :]e its f\nd]1 a memb] ( ! ,guild1 _h res]v$ c]ta9 free places = orphans com+ f ! s*ool1 & 9 ^! ,mulca/] 0 involv$4 ,:ile ! ,c\ncil seems to h act$ ?r\gh\t )9 its rights1 & 9 ! end %[$ a desire to deal ev5 g5]\sly ) its headma/]1 x is easy to und]/& ! difficulties ( ! situation1 especially to a man l ,mulca/]1 ^: natural impati5ce ( control w\ld n be dim9i%$ by 8 evid5t s5se t 9 bir? z well z 9 le>n+ he 0 above 8 (ficial sup]iors4 ,s necess>y did he feel x to rega9 8 fre$om t 9 #aehf he t5d]$ 8 resignation1 )\t app>5tly hav+ any def9ite prospect ( o!r "w4 ,dur+ ! next t5 ye>s sc>cely any?+ is kn[n ( ,mulca/]'s life1 except t he 0 9 /rait5$ circum/ances4 ,by #aehh 8 claim on ! ,m]*ant ,taylors' ,guild _h be5 adju/$ by a compromise1 & fri5dly relations mu/ h be5 re/or$1 = we f9d him act+ z exam9] to ! ,s*ool 9 t ye>4 ,= "p ( ?is "t at lea/ he 0 out ( ,london1 = he seems to h be5 = a ye> vic> ( ,cranbrook 9 ,k5t1 & he 0 aft]w>ds grant$ by ! ,que5 ! preb5d ( ,yatesbury1 9 ! diocese ( ,salisbury4 ,9 #aeif came a return ( prosp]ity 9 a settl$ position4 ,! headma/] ( ,/4 ,paul's ,s*ool1 :i* _h be5 f\nd$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! c5tury by ,john ,colet1 & bequea!d by him to ! managem5t ( ! ,silk ,m]c]s' ,guild1 _h resign$ 8 po/1 z a result ( simil> diff]5ces ) ! gov]n+ body to ^? :i* occurr$ 9 ! ,m]*ant ,taylors' ,s*ool1 & ,mulca/]1 :atev] misgiv+s he may h _h1 _h le>n$ en\gh f 8 rec5t exp]i5ce n to decl9e ! vacant (fice :5 x 0 (f]$ to him4 ,he 0 already 9 8 sixty-f\r? ye> :5 he receiv$ ! appo9tm5t1 & he cont9u$ to hold x till he 0 sev5ty-six4 ,! conditions 7 mu* ! same z ^? "u :i* he _h =m]ly work$1 ! /atutes ( ,/4 ,paul's ,s*ool hav+ inde$ s]v$ z a model to ! lat] f\ndation1 b ! numb] ( s*ol>s 0 limit$ to #aec1 & ! sal>y ( ! headma/] 0 #cf 7equal to ab\t #cjj n[71 9 addition to a resid5ce 9 ! s*ool4 ,9 #afjb ! sal>ies ( all ! tea*]s 7 d\bl$1 9 recomp5se = c]ta9 re/rictions impos$ by a new set ( regulations1 & :5 ,mulca/] resign$ 8 position 9 #afjh1 presumably on acc\nt ( fail+ /r5g?1 he receiv$ a ye>ly p5sion ( #ff #cs4 #d;d4 until 8 dea? ?ree ye>s lat]4 ,!re is little to record ( 8 lab\rs dur+ 8 twelve ye>s' s]vice at ,/4 ,paul's ,s*ool1 ! only out/&+ ev5t be+ 9 connection ) ! accession ( ,james ,i4 9 #afjc4 ,x 0 ! privilege ( 8 s*ol>s to welcome ! ,sov]eign to ! capital1 & we read t on ?is occasion a ,lat9 spee*1 prep>$ by ! headma/]1 0 deliv]$ by "o ( ! s*ol>s at ! door ( ! ,s*ool4 ,x is pa9ful to le>n t ! clos+ ye>s ( ,mulca/]'s life 7 cl\d$ by di/ress+ pov]ty4 ,nor is ?is easy to und]/&1 = besides 8 p5sion1 he 0 n )\t res\rces4 ,he _h "s "t be=e be5 grant$ by ,que5 ,elizabe? ! liv+ ( ,/an=d ,riv]s 9 ,essex1 b _h be5 preclud$ f ent]+ on x :ile he rema9$ at ,/4 ,paul's ,s*ool4 ,on 8 retirem5t f ! headma/]%ip he took up ! duties ( 8 c\ntry *>ge1 not)/&+ 8 advanc$ age1 ?\gh )\t /rik+ success1 accord+ to ,full]'s acc\nt3 8,i h he>d f ^? :o h he>d him prea* t 8 s]mons 7 n excell5t1 :i* to me seems no wond]1 p>tly because !re is a diff]5t discipl9e 9 tea*+ *ildr5 & m51 p>tly because su* :o make div9ity n ! *oice ( _! y\? b ! refuge ( _! age seldom atta9 to em95cy !re940 ,9 spite ( ^! two s\rces ( income we f9d ,mulca/] 9 #afji mak+ a pitiful b unsuccessful appeal to 8 old patrons1 ! ,m]*ant ,taylors1 & :5 he di$ two ye>s lat] he left 8 son burd5$ ) debts1 f :i* he 0 only reliev$ by ! aid ( "s ( 8 fa!r's =m] s*ol>s1 & ( ! two ,guilds "u :i* he _h s]v$4 ,8 wife _h di$ two ye>s be=e him1 aft] fifty ye>s ( w$d$ life1 & h] virtues are record$ 9 a commemorative tablet4 ,mulca/]'s educational writ+s 7 produc$ t[>ds ! close ( ! p]iod sp5t at ,m]*ant ,taylors' ,s*ool1 ! ,positions appe>+ 9 #aeha1 & ! ,fir/ ,"p ( ! ,elem5t>ie 9 #aehb4 ,! completion ( ! latt]1 & ! fur!r works promis$ on high] education1 7 nev] accompli%$4 ,he also wrote num]\s ,lat9 v]ses1 includ+ an address to ,que5 ,elizabe? at ! ,k5ilwor? pageant ( #aege1 & a cate*ism1 also 9 ,lat91 = ! use ( 8 pupils at ,/4 ,paul's ,s*ool1 :ile he is m5tion$ z ! au?or ( a "w entitl$ ,cato ,*ri/ianus1 :i* has n come d[n to u4 ,all ! s\rces ( in=mation reg>d+ ,mulca/]'s life & writ+s h be5 collect$ & comp>$ ) exhau/ive indu/ry by ,dr4 ,!odor ,klhr 9 a pamphlet entitl$ ,leb5 und ,w]ke ,ri*>d ,mulca/]'s 7,dresd51 #ahic74 ,,! ,,educational ,,writ+s ,,( ,,ri*>d ,,mulca/] ,! ,me?od ( ,treatm5t4 ,:osoev] %all consid] c>efully ! mann] ( br++ up *ildr5 :i* is 9 g5]al fav\r )9 ?is realm1 _c b agree ) me 9 wi%+ t x 7 improv$4 ,i d n ?9k x well1 h[ev]1 9 ?is place to lay b>e its special defects1 because ,i am 9 hope ( see+ !m heal$ )\t s /rong a measure4 ,if ,i %\ld seek to expose all ! inconv5i5ces :i* are exp]i5c$ betwe5 p>5ts & s*oolma/]s1 & betwe5 tea*]s & le>n]s2 if ,i %\ld ref] to all ! difficulties ?r\gh :i* ! education & upbr++ ( *ildr5 is s]i\sly impair$1 ,i might revive causes ( annoyance1 & !reby make ! evils worse4 ,& ev5 ?\gh ,i 7 to rem$y !m1 ! pati5t might be> 9 m9d h[ *urli%ly he 0 cur$1 & ?\gh he %\ld pay well = ! heal+1 he might be ill-satisfi$ ) ! treatm5t4 ,:]e=e 9 m5d+ ?+s t are amiss1 ,i take t to be ! mo/ advisable way :i* save? ! man )\t mak+ ! means unpleasant4 ,if )\t ent]+ into controv]sies ,i set d[n :at seems to me on reasonable gr\nds to be ! "r c\rse z be+ n only ! be/1 b mo/ )9 compass1 ! wrong c\rse w =?) %[ itself by comp>ison1 & w ?us receive a *eck )\t any ne$ = fault-f9d+4 ,! ,purpose ( ,writ+4 ,i h taught 9 public n[ )\t int]ruption = two-&-tw5ty ye>s1 & h always _h a v great *>ge committ$ to my h&s1 my fulfilm5t ( :i* ,i leave to an imp>tial judgm5t4 ,dur+ ?is "t1 bo? ?r\gh :at ,i h se5 9 tea*+ s long1 & :at ,i h tri$ 9 tra9+ up s _m1 ,i well p]ceive t1 ) ! disadvantages :i* myself & o!r tea*]s h be5 subject to1 none ( u h be5 able to d z mu* z we might4 ,i believe ,i h n only le>n$ :at ^! disadvantages are1 b h disc]n$ h[ !y may be remov$1 s t ,i & all o!rs may be able to d mu* m good ?an h]et(ore4 ,& z ,i write = ! common good ,i appeal to ! read]'s c\rtesy to give me cr$it = good int5tions1 ?\gh my hopes %\ld n be realis$4 ,= ,i am only do+ :at is op5 to all1 namely1 to give public utt]ance to my p]sonal convictions1 & to claim indulg5ce = :at is int5d$ = ! g5]al good4 ,z ,i am myself ready to give fav\rable consid]ation to o!rs :o d ! same1 ,i expect any :o make use ( my "w to _! own pr(it to give me cr$it = x1 & ^? :o get no b5efit f x at lea/ to sympa?ise ) me 9 meet+ s little success = my good int5tions4 ,i may be told--,y are alone 9 rais+ ?is matt]2 y d b tr\ble y\rself2 y _c turn aside ! c\rse1 :i* is old & well-e/abli%$1 & !re=e v /rong = y to /rive aga9/4 ,?is ?+ :i* y recomm5d is n e man's w>es2 x w n be compass$4 ,d y let x alone2 if y mu/ ne$s write1 turn y\r p5 to o!r matt]s :i* ! ,/ate w l bett]1 :i* ?is age w readily approve (1 :i* y may urge ) cr$it if !y be new & suitable1 or confirm ) praise if !y be old & ne$ repeat+4 ,if su* objections 7 n inv>iably rais$ to all attempts to turn ei!r f bad to good1 or f good to bett]1 ,i w\ld answ] !m c>efully1 b n[ ,i ne$ n1 = 9 ord] to ga9 any advantage he :o wi%es to h x mu/ be prep>$ to wre/le = x1 bo? 9 spee* & 9 writ+1 aga9/ ! corruption ( 8 age1 aga9/ ! lonel9ess ( attempt1 aga9/ p>ty prejudice1 aga9/ ! difficulties ( p]=mance4 ,nor mu/ he be disc\rag$ by any ord9>y ?w>t+1 :i* is a ?+ well kn[n to exp]i5c$ /ud5ts1 & ( lea/ acc\nt :]e x is be/ kn[n1 h[ev] fe>ful a ?+ x may seem to timid fancies to /em corruption & /rive aga9/ ! /ream4 ,= ! /ream w turn :5 a /rong] tide returns1 & ev5 if !re be no tide1 yet an untir+ ef=t w make way aga9/ x till x prevails4 ,& surely x 7 m hon\rable = "s "o1 or "s few1 to haz>d _! own cr$it & e/imation = ! "t 9 fav\r ( a ?+ :i* !y "k to be des]v+ ( support1 ?\gh x may n be held ( mu* acc\nt1 ?an ?r\gh too timor\s a concession to public op9ion1 :i*1 9 spite ( its influ5ce1 is n always ! s\nde/1 to leave excell5t causes )\t def5ce if !y be oppos$4 ,= may x n fall out t su* a ?+ z ?is w be call$ = h]eaft]1 ?\gh at pres5t x may be out ( fav\r1 because some?+ else is 9 fa%ion8 ,i _h r1 !re=e1 t x 7 ready !n to be ( use :5 x is wi%$1 ?an t po/]ity %\ld be defraud$ ( a ?+ s pass+ good1 = fe> ( its be+ dislik$ at ! fir/ sett+ =?4 ,reasons = ,writ+ 9 ,engli%4 ,i write 9 my natural ,engli% tongue1 because ?\gh ,i appeal to ! le>n$1 :o und]/& ,lat91 ,i wi% to rea* also ! unle>n$1 :o und]/& only ,engli%1 & ^: int]e/s are to be ! m consid]$ t !y h few] *ances ( in=mation4 ,! p>5ts & fri5ds ) :om ,i h to deal are = ! mo/ "p no ,lat9i/s1 & ev5 if !y 71 yet we und]/& t tongue be/ to :i* we are fir/ born1 & our fir/ impression is always 9 ,engli% be=e we r5d] x into ,lat94 ,& 9 recomm5d+ a new me?od ( atta9+ an admitt$ b5efit1 %\ld we n make use ( all ! helps we c to make ourselves und]/ood8 ,he t und]/&s no ,lat9 c und]/& ,engli%1 & he t und]/&s ,lat9 v well c und]/& ,engli% f> bett]1 if he w confess ! tru?1 h[ev] pr\d he may be ( 8 ,lat9ity4 ,:5 my subject requires ,lat9 ,i w n !n sp>e x1 z f> z my k all[s1 b till x d1 ,i w s]ve my c\ntry 9 ! way t ,i ?9k w be mo/ intelligible to h]4 ,fir/ ,pr9ciples4 ,my purpose is to help ! :ole bus9ess ( tea*+1 ev5 f ! v fir/ f\ndation1 t is to say1 n only :at is giv5 9 ! ,gramm> ,s*ool1 & :at foll[s aft]w>ds1 b also ! elem5t>y tra9+ :i* is giv5 to infants f _! fir/ entrance1 until !y are ?\ght fit to pass on to ! ,gramm> ,s*ool4 ,9 my mann] ( proce$+ ,i propose to foll[ ! prec$5t ( ^? le>n$ au?ors :o h treat$ ) mo/ cr$it ( ?is & simil> subjects1 9 fir/ lay+ d[n c]ta9 pr9ciples to :i* all read]s w agree4 ,by ?is means x is possible to pass on to ! end )\t *all5ge1 or if any difficulty %\ld arise1 x c always be resolv$ by a ref]5ce to ^! pr9ciples4 ,9 ma!matics1 :i* (f]s ! be/ model ( me?od to all ! o!r sci5ces1 be=e any problem or !orem is pres5t$1 !re are set d[n c]ta9 def9itions1 po/ulates1 axioms1 to :i* g5]al ass5t is ask$ at ! outset1 & on :i* ! :ole /ructure is built up4 ,i am ! m incl9$ to adopt ?is me?od1 because ,i am to deal ) a subject t mu/ at ! fir/ be v c>efully h&l$1 till pro( gives my treatm5t cr$it1 :atev] c\nt5ance hope may seem to l5d x 9 ! mean:ile4 ,i mean specially to deal ) two /ages 9 le>n+1 fir/ ! ,elem5t>y1 :i* ext5ds f ! "t t ! *ild is set to d any?+1 till he is remov$ to ! high] s*ool1 & !n ! ,gramm> ,s*ool c\rse1 :]e ! *ild do? cont9ue 9 ! /udy ( ! le>n$ tongues till at ! "t ( due rip5ess he is remov$ to "s univ]sity4 ,! importance ( ! ,elem5t>y "p lie? 9 ?is1 t a ?or\gh gr\nd+ "h helps ! :ole c\rse ( aft] /udy1 :]eas insuffici5t prep>ation 9 ! e>ly /ages makes a v weak sequel4 ,= j z a prop] am\nt ( "t sp5t "h1 )\t too mu* ha/e to pu% onw>ds1 br+s on ! re/ ( ! s*ool /ages at _! due season1 & 9 ! end s5de? abroad suffici5t m5 = ! s]vice ( _! c\ntry1 s too headlong a desire to hurry on swiftly1 9 p]petual infirmity ( matt]1 cause? too mu* *ildi%ness 9 lat] ye>s1 :5 judgm5t & skill & rip5ess are m 9 keep+ ) grey hairs4 ,! ,gramm> ,s*ool c\rse1 :ile x is a suitable subject = me to deal )1 z ,i am myself a tea*]1 is also v pr(itable = ! c\ntry to he> (1 z 9 ! pres5t great v>iety ( tea*+1 "s uni=m me?od seems to be call$ =4 ,to h ! y\? ( ! c\ntry well direct$ 9 ! tongues1 :i* are ! pa?s to wisdom1 ! treasuries ( le>n+1 ! /oreh\ses ( humanity1 ! vehicles ( div9ity1 ! s\rces ( k & wisdom--c ?is be a small matt]1 if x be well p]=m$8 ,if fitt+ occasion by ! way %\ld cause me to attempt any?+ fur!r ?an ^! two divisions ( ! subject1 ?\gh ,i %\ld seem to be go+ beyond my s*ool exp]i5ce1 ,i tru/ ,i %all n be ?\ght to travel beyond my capacity4 ,9 seek+ = ! approval ( m5 ,i may inde$ f9d "s :o are satisfi$ ) ?+s z !y are1 :o ?9k _! p5ny good silv]1 & decl9e my (f]1 be+ unwill+ to receive tea*+ f su* humble h&s z m9e4 ,!re may be o!rs :o grant t !re is some?+ amiss1 b ?9k my rem$y n well fitt$ to am5d x1 & look disda9fully on my cr$5tials4 ,i admit my lack ( au?ority1 b till "s "o bett] takes ! matt] up1 :y %\ld ,i n d :at ,i c8 ,if ! w>es ,i br+ prove m>ketable1 :y %\ld ,i n (f] !m = sale8 ,z ,i am likely to enc\nt] su* objections1 ,i propose at ! outset to meet all ,i c on gr\nds ( reason1 ) full c\rtesy to ^? :o make !m4 ,inasmu* z ,i mu/ apply my pr9ciples to "s "o gr\nd1 ,i h *os5 ! ,elem5t>y1 r ?an ! ,gramm> ,s*ool c\rse1 because x is ! v l[e/1 & ! fir/ to be dealt )1 & because ! consid]ations t apply to x may easily be transf]r$ aft]w>ds to ! ,gramm> ,s*ool or any o!r /udies4 ,! po9ts ,i propose to deal ) are su* z ! foll[+3 ,at :at age a *ild %\ld be s5t to s*ool1 & :at he %\ld le>n !re2 :e!r all *ildr5 %\ld be s5t to s*ool2 :e!r physical ex]cise is a necess>y "p ( upbr++2 :e!r "y maid5s ought to be set to le>n+2 h[ "y g5tlem5 %\ld be br\ght up2 h[ uni=mity c be introduc$ into tea*+4 ,i %all also speak ( c\rtesy & correction1 ( public & private education1 ( ! *oice ( promis+ s*ol>s1 ( places & times = le>n+1 ( tea*]s & s*ool regulations1 & ( ! ne$ = re/rict+ ! numb]s ( ! le>n$ class4 ,9 my views on ^! & k9dr$ matt]s ,i %all seek to w9 ! approval ( my c\ntrym51 be=e ,i proce$ to deal ) p>ticul> precepts & ! details ( ! upbr++ ( *ildr54 ,9 my discussion ( all ^! matt]s1 :ile 9 me?od ,i %all foll[ ! example ( ! be/ writ]s1 ,i w1 9 ! sub/ance ( my argum5t1 make appeal only to nature & reason1 to cu/om & exp]i5ce1 :]e !re is a cle> prospect ( advantage to my c\ntry1 avoid+ any appe>ance or suspicion ( fanciful & impracticable notions4 ,i may hope t ! desire to see ?+s improv$ w n be acc\nt$ fanciful1 unless by ^? :o ?9k !mselves 9 heal? :5 !y are sick unto dea?1 & :ile feel+ no pa9 because ( extreme weakness1 hold _! fri5ds fooli% 9 wi%+ !m to alt] _! mode ( life4 ,! ,use ( ,au?ority4 ,"s well-mean+ p1 :5 !y wi% to p]suade _! fell[-c\ntrym5 ei!r by p5 or by spee*1 to adopt a c]ta9 c\rse1 if !y c claim ! au?ority ( any good writ]s fav\r+ _! op9ions1 /raightway assume t _! own argum5ts are suffici5tly support$ to ensure _! proposal be+ c>ri$ out4 ,?is assurance1 h[ev]1 is *eck$ sometimes by reflection1 sometimes by exp]i5ce4 ,wise reflection may =esee t ! special circum/ances ( ! c\ntry w n admit ( ! propos$ *ange1 or aft] "s trial ! unsuitability may be %[n by exp]i5ce4 ,s t 9 cases :]e au?orities p]suade1 & circum/ances control1 ^? :o w\ld use e>li] writ]s to ma9ta9 _! cr$it mu/ always keep 9 view ! application to p>ticul> conditions4 ,i see _m p ( good intellig5ce1 consid]able read+1 & facility ( expression1 bo? abroad & at home1 fall into great error by neglect+ special circum/ances1 & ov]/ra9+ ! =ce ( au?ority4 ,9 deal+ ) education1 mu/ ,i entreat my c\ntry to be cont5t ) ?is because su* a "o comm5ds x1 or =ce h] to t because su* a ,/ate approves ( x8 ,! %[ ( "r deceives u1 & ! lik5ess ( unlike ?+s do? lead u :]e x li/e?4 ,= ! bett] und]/&+ ) :at w>9ess au?ority is to be us$1 let x be consid]$ t !re are two sorts ( au?ors t we deal ) 9 our /udies4 ,( ! "o k9d are writ]s on ! ma!matical sci5ces1 :o proce$ by ! necessity ( a demon/rable subject1 & en=ce ! conclusions by inevitable argum5t4 ,( ! o!r k9d are writ]s on ! moral & political sci5ces1 :o1 deal+ ) human affairs1 mu/ h reg>d to ! circum/ances ( e p>ticul> case4 ,) ! =m] ! tru? ( ! subject-matt] ma9ta9s itself1 )\t ! ne$ = any p]sonal au?ority1 & is beyond debate2 x is ) ! latt] t controv]sy arises1 ! writ]'s cr$it (t5 au?oris+ ! ?+1 & 9 ?is case great inju/ice may be done by quot+ )\t discrim9ation z to diff]5ce ( circum/ance4 ,x is no pro( t because ,plato praise? some?+1 because ,ari/otle approve? x1 because ,cic]o comm5ds x1 because ,qu9tilian or anyone else is acqua9t$ ) x1 !re=e x is = u to use4 ,:at if our c\ntry hon\r x 9 !m1 & yet = all t may n use x h]self1 because ! circum/ances =bid8 ,nay1 :at if ! writ]s' au?ority be cit$ )\t consid]+ 9 :at circum/ances ! op9ion 0 orig9ally express$8 ,is n a great wrong done by him :o wre/e? ! mean+ ( ! au?or he quotes8 ,he t w deal ) writ]s s z to turn _! conclusions to ! use ( 8 c\ntry mu/ be v well advis$1 & dilig5tly m>k t _! mean+ & 8 application are consi/5t1 & mu/ consid] h[ mu* ( _! op9ion 8 c\ntry w admit4 ,:e!r ,i %all myself be able to c>ry out :at ,i dem& f o!rs1 ,i d>e n w>rant1 b ,i w d my be/ to use my au?or well1 & to take circum/ances into acc\nt1 nev]1 if ,i c help x1 to (f] any?+ t has n all ! f\ndations t ,i promis$ be=e1 namely1 nature to lead x1 reason to back x1 cu/om to comm5d x1 exp]i5ce to approve x1 & pr(it to pref] x4 ,i ?9k a /ud5t ought r to inve/ himself 9 ! habit ( 8 writ] ?an to /& mu* ^u 8 title & au?ority 9 pro( or dispro(1 z x is well und]/ood t all our /udies are indebt$ to ! orig9al devis]s & ! mo/ eloqu5t writ]s4 ,!re=e1 to avoid undue l5g?1 ,i w nei!r give au?orities nor examples1 z x is n a "q ( a man's "n1 b ( ! real value ( ! argum5t4 ,i %all n busy myself ) cit+ au?ors1 ei!r to %[ :at ,i h read or h[ f> ,i am 9 agreem5t ) o!rs4 ,x is n ne$ful to heap up witnesses :]e no?+ is d\btful2 ! natural use ( te/imony is to prove :]e !re is d\bt1 n to cloy :]e all is cle>4 ,9 su* cases1 = want ( s\nd judgm5t1 a catalogue ( names & a multitude ( s5t5ces1 :i* only say :at no "o d5ies1 are =c$ on to ! /age to seem to arm ! quot]1 :o is fight+ )\t a foe1 & fly+ :5 !re is no cause = fe>4 ,9 po9ts ( le>n+ :i* are beyond controv]sy1 ,i appeal to ! judgm5t ( ^? :o h gone ov] ! same gr\nd1 & c te/ ! tru? ( :at ,i say )\t be+ told ! "n ( ! au?or1 :om !y w admit to h be5 well cit$ :5 !y f9d me say+ z he sai?1 :e!r x be ?r\gh recollection ( :at ,i h read or f co9cid5ce ( judgm5t :]e ,i h n read4 ,i d hon\r good writ]s1 b )\t sup]/ition1 be+ 9 no way addict$ to titles4 ,b see+ t ,reason do? hon\r !m1 !y mu/ be cont5t to rema9 outside !mselves1 & use e means to br+ h] =w>d1 z _! lady & mi/ress1 ^: au?ority & cr$it procure !m admission :5 !y come f h]4 ,x is n s because a writ] said s1 b because ! tru? is s1 & he said ! tru?4 ,inde$1 ! tru? is (t5 weak5$ 9 ! he>]'s op9ion1 ?\gh n 9 itself1 by nam+ ! writ]4 ,if tru? did dep5d ^u ! p]son1 %e w\ld (t5 be br\ght into a mis]able plight1 be+ con/ra9$ to s]ve fancy & alt] at w1 :]eas %e %\ld b5d to no "o1 h[ev] op9ionative p may p]suade !mselves4 ,?is is kn[n to ! le>n$ & wise1 ^: c\rtesy ,i crave4 ,z = ! unle>n$1 ,i mu/ entreat !m1 = _! sakes if n = m9e1 n to debate ) me on po9ts :]e !y _c judge4 ,9 matt]s t are intelligible to bo?1 ,i mu/ pray !m to weigh my words well1 & ev] to give me cr$it = good int5tions4 ,! ,ideal & ! ,possible4 ,^? anci5t writ]s1 :o h depict$ ideal commonweal?s1 & h imag9$ ! upbr++ ( su* p>agons z %\ld be fitt$ = a place 9 !m1 be=e ask+ :5 _! y\? %\ld beg9 to le>n1 h commonly laid d[n ! conditions ( _! tra9+ f a v e>ly /age4 ,!y beg9 by consid]+ h[ to deal ) ! infant :ile he is /ill "u 8 nurse1 discuss+ :e!r he %\ld be nurs$ by a /rang] or by 8 "m1 :at playfell[s %\ld be *os5 = him :ile he is /ill 9 ! nurs]y1 & :at exquisite public or private tra9+ c be devis$ = him aft]w>ds4 ,^! & o!r consid]ations !y fall into1 :i* d well beseem ! br++ up ( su* an "o z may inde$ be wi%$1 ?\gh sc>cely hop$ =1 b c by no means be appli$ to our y\? & our education1 :]e9 we wi% = no m ?an we c hope to h4 ,nay1 ^! writ]s g fur!r1 z m]e wi%]s may1 & appo9t ! p>5ts ( ?is s p]fect a *ild1 to be s wise & le>n$ t !y may inde$ fit into an ideal s*eme1 b too f> surpass ! model t ,i c h 9 view4 ,:]e=e leav+ on "o side ^! ideal measures & p1 ,i mean to proce$ f su* pr9ciples z our p>5ts d actually build on1 & z our *ildr5 d rise by to t m$iocrity :i* furni%e? out ?is _w1 & n to t excell5ce :i* is fa%ion$ = ano!r4 ,& yet !re is a value 9 ^! f9e pictures1 :i* by po9t+ out ! ideal let u behold :]e9 ! be/ consi/e?1 :at col\rs x is kn[n by1 :at /ate x keepe?1 & by :at means we may be/ approa* x4 ,x may p]haps be said t despair ( obta9+ ! v be/ is apt to disc\rage all hope1 = by miss+ any "o ( ^! r>e conditions--& our frailty w fail ei!r 9 all or 9 mo/--we m> ! :ole m\ld4 ,h[beit we are mu* b\nd to ! excell5t wits ( ^? div9e writ]s :o1 by _! s+ul> k approa*+ ne> to ! true/ & be/1 c\ld mo/ truly & be/ disc]n :at con/itution !y 7 (1 & be+ anxi\s to s]ve _! race ?\ght x _! "p to communicate :at !y _h se51 if only = ?is1 t :ile we might despair ( hitt+ ! highe/1 yet by see+ :]e x lodg$ we might ) great praise draw ne> unto x4 ,b to return f ?is "q ( ideals to our ord9>y education1 ,i p]suad$ myself t all my c\ntrym5 wi% !mselves z wise & le>n$ z ^! imag9>y p>5ts are surmis$ to be1 ?\gh !y may be cont5t ) s mu*1 or r ) s little1 ( wisdom & le>n+ z ,god do? allot !m1 & t !y w h _! *ildr5 nurs$ z well z !y c1 :]ev] or by :omsoev] x may be1 s t ! be+s :om !y love s well z bequea!d to !m by nature1 may be well br\ght up by nurture2 & t till ! infant c gov]n himself1 !y w seek to save x f all su* p]ils z may seem to h>m x 9 any k9d ( way1 ei!r f ! p or ! circum/ances t surr\nd x1 & t ?is w be done ) su* =e?\ght z ord9>y circumspection c sugge/ to consid]ate & c>eful p>5ts2 & f9ally1 t = 8 prop] s*ool+1 all :o c w provide x1 ev5 if x be at "s co/4 ,:5 ,s*ool ,education %\ld beg94 ,"o ( ! fir/ que/ions is at :at age *ildr5 %\ld be s5t to s*ool1 = !y %\ld nei!r be delay$ too long1 s t "t is lo/1 nor ha/5$ on too soon1 at ! risk ( _! heal?4 ,! rule !re=e mu/ be giv5 accord+ to ! /r5g? ( _! bodies & ! quickness ( _! wits jo9tly4 ,if ! p>5ts be n want+ 9 means1 & !re is a conv5i5t place ne>1 :]e9 to h ! *ild taught1 & a tea*] ) suffici5t k1 & ) discretion to tra9 him up well by correction & tea*+ him good mann]s1 & fit companions1 su* z s good a ma/] may be able to *oose2 & if ! *ild also himself h a good und]/&+ & a body able to be> ! /ra9 ( le>n+1 me?9ks x 7 !n be/ t he began to be do+ some?+ z soon z he c use 8 intellig5ce1 )\t ov]tax+ 8 p[]s ei!r ( m9d or body1 z ! wise h&l+ ( 8 tea*] w direct4 ,:at ! age %\ld be ,i _c say1 = rip5ess 9 *ildr5 does n always come at ! same "t1 any m ?an all corn is ripe = "o reap+1 ?\gh x is pretty ne>ly at ! same "t4 ,"s are quick1 "s are sl[2 "s are will+ :5 _! p>5ts are1 & o!rs only :5 !y are incl9$ !mselves1 accord+ z a wise upbr++ has dispos$ !m to d well1 or fooli% coddl+ has made !m pref] _! play4 ,risk ( ,ov]pressure4 ,anyone :o des]ves to be a p>5t %\ld be prep>$ to judge = himself z to 8 "y son's rip5ess = s*ool life1 & surely no "o is s de/itute ( fri5ds t he has n "s "o to consult if necess>y4 ,^? :o fix ^u a def9ite age = beg9n+ h an eye to t k :i* !y ?9k may be easily ga9$ 9 ^! e>ly ye>s1 & :i* x w\ld be a pity to lose4 ,i agree ) !m t x w\ld be a pity to lose any?+ ne$lessly t c\ld be ga9$ )\t mu* ef=t & )\t injur+ ! *ild4 ,b x w\ld be a great] pity = s small a ga9 to risk a m important "o1 to w9 an h\r 9 ! morn+1 & lose ! :ole day aft]4 ,if ! *ild has a weak body1 h[ev] bright 8 und]/&+ may be1 let him gr[ on ! long] till 8 /r5g? equals 8 intellig5ce4 ,= exp]i5ce has taught me t a "y *ild ) a quick m9d pu%$ on = p to wond] at ! %>pness ( its edge has ?us mo/ commonly be5 ha/5$ to its grave1 ?r\gh weakness ( body1 to ! grief ( ! *ild's fri5ds & ! reproa* ( _! judgm5t2 & ev5 if su* a *ild lives1 he w nev] g deep1 b w always float on ! surface )\t mu* balla/1 ?\gh p]haps cont9u+ = a "t to excite wond]4 ,soon] or lat]1 h[ev]1 8 intellig5ce w fail1 ! wond] w cease1 :ile 8 body w prove feeble & p]i%4 ,:]e=e ,i c\ld wi% ! bright] *ild to be less ^u ! spur1 & ei!r ! long] kept f le>n+ altoge!r1 le/ he suff] z ! edge ( an ov]%>p knife is turn$1 or at lea/ be giv5 v little1 = fe> ( 8 eag]ness lead+ to a surfeit4 ,m5s ,sana 9 ,corpore ,sano4 ,z 9 sett+ a *ild to s*ool we consid] ! /r5g? ( 8 body no less ?an ! quickness ( 8 m9d1 x w\ld seem t our tra9+ ought to be two-fold1 bo? body & m9d be+ kept at _! be/1 s t ea* may be able to support ! o!r 9 :at !y h to d toge!r4 ,a great deal has be5 writt5 ab\t ! tra9+ ( ! m9d1 b = ! bett]+ ( ! body is !re no means to ma9ta9 x 9 heal?1 & *iefly 9 ! /ud5t1 ^: occupation treads x d[n8 ,yea1 surely1 a v natural & heal?ful means 9 ex]cise1 :]eby ! body is made fit = all its be/ functions4 ,& !re=e p>5ts & tea*]s ought to take c>e f ! v beg9n+ t 9 reg>d to diet ! *ild's body is n /uff$ s t ! intellig5ce is dull$1 & t its g>m5ts nei!r burd5 ! body ) _! weight nor weak5 x ) too mu* w>m?4 ,! ex]cise ( ! body %\ld always accompany & assi/ ! ex]cise ( ! m9d1 to make a dry1 /rong1 h>d1 & !re=e a long-la/+1 body1 & by ?is means to h an active1 %>p1 wise1 & well-le>n$ s\l4 ,physical ,ex]cise ne$s ,regulation4 ,x is n en\gh to say t *ildr5 are always /irr+ ( _! own accord1 & !re=e ne$ no special att5tion 9 reg>d to bodily ex]cise4 ,if x 7 n t we make !m keep absolutely /ill :5 !y are le>n+ 9 s*ool1 & ?us re/ra9 _! natural /irr+1 !n we might leave x to _! own incl9ations to s]ve _! turn )\t m ado4 ,b a m ?an ord9>y /illness requires m ?an ord9>y ex]cise1 & ! "o mu/ be regulat$ z mu* z ! o!r4 ,& z sitt+ quiet helps ill-hum\rs to bre$ & burd5 ! body1 relief mu/ be s\ght 9 ex]cise "u ! direction ( p>5ts & tea*]s4 ,physical & ,m5tal ,tra9+ %\ld g toge!r4 ,! s\l & ! body1 be+ co-p>tn]s 9 good & ill1 9 sweet & s\r1 9 mir? & m\rn+1 & hav+ g5]ally a common sympa?y & mutual feel+1 h[ c !y be1 or r :y %\ld !y be1 sev]$ 9 education8 ,i assign bo? ! fram+ ( ! m9d & ! tra9+ ( ! body to "o man's *>ge4 ,= h[ c t man judge well ( ! s\l1 ^: "w has to d ) ! body alone8 ,& h[ %all he p]ceive :at is be/ = ! body1 :o hav+ ! s\l only committ$ to 8 c>e1 h&s ov] ! body to "s o!r man's treatm5t8 ,:]e !re is too mu* di/raction & sep>ation ( functions1 ea* speciali/ t5ds to make ! mo/ ( 8 own subject1 to ! sacrifice ( o!rs t may be m important4 ,:]e=e 9 ord] to h ! c>e :i* is due to ea* "p equally di/ribut$1 ,i w\ld appo9t1 ,i say1 only "o tea*] to deal ) bo?4 ,= ,i see no great difficulty ei!r 9 reg>d to ! necess>y k1 or to ! am\nt ( "w4 ,moreov]1 z ! disposition ( ! s\l w resemble t ( ! body1 if ! s\l be influ5c$ = good1 x w affect ! body also4 ,ex]cise ,specially ,necess>y = ,/ud5ts4 ,= ?\gh ! s\l z ! f\nta9 ( life1 & ! /imulus ( ! body1 may & w be> x out = a :ile1 by =ce ( c\rage1 yet weakness _c always be dissembl$1 b w 9 ! end betray itself1 p]haps j :5 x is ! greate/ pity4 ,_m p ( high _s1 notable = _! le>n+ & skill 9 ! highe/ pr(essions1 h fail$1 ow+ to want ( att5tion to bodily heal?1 j :5 _! c\ntry _h mo/ hope ( b5efit+ by _! s]vices4 ,x is ne$ful1 !re=e1 to help ! body by "s me?odical tra9+1 especially = ^? :o use _! bra9s1 su* z /ud5ts1 :o are apt to consid] too little h[ !y may cont9ue to d t = long :i* !y d well4 ,!y %\ld eat v mod]ately1 & _! ex]cise %\ld also be mod]ate1 & n v>y too mu*1 & _! clo?+ %\ld be ?91 ev5 f ! fir/ swaddl+1 t ! fle% may become h>d & firm4 ,! ,be/ ,k9ds ( ,ex]cise4 ,mulca/] gives a li/ ( ! =ms ( ex]cise :i* he ?9ks mo/ suitable1 bo? = indoors1 & = out ( doors4 ,9 ! =m] class are--speak+ & read+ al\d1 s++1 laugh+1 weep+1 hold+ ! brea?1 danc+1 wre/l+1 f5c+1 & :ipp+ ! top2 9 ! latt] are--walk+1 runn+1 leap+1 swimm+1 rid+1 hunt+1 %oot+1 & play+ at ball4 ,^! ( c\rse are n all consid]$ suitable = *ildr51 b a selection c\ld be made f !m to be practis$ 9 s*ool "u ! regulation ( ! ma/]4 ,he !n ent]s ^u a detail$ & curi\s exam9ation ( ! value ( ea* ( ^! =ms ( ex]cise1 consid]$ ma9ly 9 reg>d to _! physiological effects4 ,9 all ?is x has be5 po9t$ out by ,s*midt 7,ges*i*te d] ,erziehung1 ,vol4 ,,iii41 ,pt4 ,i1 pp4 #cgd-f7 t ,mulca/] foll[$ closely1 ?\gh )\t special ackn[l$gm5t1 ! ,de ,arte ,gymna/ica ( ,girolamo ,m]curiale1 a contempor>y ,italian physician4 ,z ! sci5ce is mo/ly ( ! traditional & some:at fanta/ic "* !n preval5t1 ! discussion is n p>ticul>ly pr(itable f a mod]n /&po9t4 ,x w be int]e/+1 h[ev]1 z an illu/ration ( 8 treatm5t1 to see h[ he deals ) a game t seems to h _h mu* ! same features 9 8 day z 9 ours4 ,football z a ,=m ( ,ex]cise4 ,football c\ld n possibly h held its pres5t prom95ce1 nor h be5 s mu* 9 vogue z x is ev]y:]e1 if x _h n be5 v b5eficial to heal? & /r5g?4 ,to me ! abuse ( x is a suffici5t argum5t t x has a "r use1 ?\gh z x is n[ commonly practis$1 ) ?rong+ ( a rude multitude1 ) bur/+ ( %9s & break+ ( legs1 x is nei!r civilis$1 nor wor?y ! "n ( any heal?y tra9+4 ,& "h "o c easily see ! use ( ! tra9+ ma/]1 = if !re is "s "o /&+ by1 :o c judge ( ! play1 & is put 9 control ov] ! play]s1 all ^! objections c be easily remov$4 ,by su* regulation1 ! play]s be+ put into small] numb]s1 sort$ into sides & giv5 _! special positions1 s t !y d n meet ) _! bodies s boi/]\sly to try _! /r5g?1 nor %\ld] & %ove "o ano!r s b>b>\sly1 football may /r5g!n ! muscles ( ! :ole body4 ,by provok+ sup]fluities d[nw>ds x relieves ! head & ! upp] p>ts1 x is good = ! b[els1 & x drives d[n ! /one & gravel f ! bladd] & ! kidneys4 ,! motion also helps weak hams & sl5d] %anks by mak+ ! fle% firm]1 yet ra% runn+ & too mu* viol5ce (t5 break "s int]nal conduit & cause ruptures4 ,is ,education to be (f]$ to bo? ,sexes8 ,we are next to consid] :o are ^? to :om education %\ld be giv51 :i* ,i take to be *ildr5 ( bo? sorts1 male & female4 ,b "y maid5s mu/ give me leave to speak ( boys fir/1 because naturally ! male is m wor?y & m important 9 ! body politic2 !re=e t side may claim le>n+ z fir/ fram$ = _! use & mo/ prop]ly belong+ to !m1 ?\gh out ( c\rtesy & k9dness !y may be cont5t to l5d "s advantages ( _! education 9 ! "t ( y\? to ! female sex on :om !y aft]w>ds be/[ !mselves1 & ! fruit ( _! :ole tra9+4 ,all _c receive a ,le>n$ ,education4 ,z = boys1 x has be5 set beyond d\bt long ago1 t !y %\ld be s5t to s*ool1 to le>n h[ to be religi\s & lov+1 h[ to gov]n & obey1 h[ to =eca/ & prev5t1 h[ to def5d & assail1 & 9 %ort1 h[ to p]=m excell5tly by lab\r ! duties = :i* nature has fitt$ !m only imp]fectly4 ,b 9 ! matt] ( ?is s desirable a tra9+1 two important que/ions arise2 fir/1 :e!r all *ildr5 %\ld be put to s*ool )\t any re/ra9t ^u ! numb]1 & secondly1 if any re/riction is ne$ful1 h[ x is to be impos$4 ,9 ! body politic a c]ta9 proportion ( p>ts mu/ be pres]v$ j z 9 ! natural body1 or di/urbances w arise1 & ,i consid] t x is a burd5 to a commonweal? on ! "o h& to h too _m le>n$1 j z x is a loss on ! o!r h& to h too few1 & t x is important to h k & intellig5ce well adapt$ to ! /ation 9 life1 z1 if ^! are misplac$ x may lead to disquiet & s$ition4 ,!re is always dang] to a ,/ate 9 excess ( numb]s beyond ! opportunities ( useful employm5t1 & ?is is specially true 9 ! case ( s*ol>s4 ,= !y pr(ess le>n+1 t is to say1 ! s\l ( ! ,/ate1 & x is too p]il\s to h ! s\l ( ! ,/ate tr\bl$ ) _! s\ls1 t is1 necess>y le>n+ ) unnecess>y le>n]s4 ,s*ol>s1 by reason ( _! conceit :i* le>n+ inflames1 _c re/ satisfi$ ) little1 & by _! k9d ( life !y prove too disda9ful ( lab\r1 unless necessity makes !m trot4 ,if t wit fall to prea* :i* 7 fitt] = ! pl\gh1 & he to climb a pulpit :o 0 made to scale a wall1 is n a good c>t] ill lo/1 & a good soldi] ill plac$8 ,all *ildr5 _c get a full tra9+ at s*ool1 ev5 ?\gh _! private circum/ances admit ( x1 yet z reg>ds writ+ & read+1 if t 7 all1 :at if ev]yone _h !m1 = ! sake ( religion & _! necess>y affairs8 ,9 ! long p]iod ( _! :ole y\?1 if !y m9d$ no m1 ^! two w\ld be easily le>n$ 9 _! leisure times by special opportunities1 if no ord9>y means 7 available & no s*ool nigh4 ,e p>i% has a m9i/]1 :o c give help 9 reg>d to writ+ & read+1 if !re is no "o else4 ,*oice ( ,s*ol>s bo? f ,ri* & ,poor4 ,"s d\bt may rise betwe5 ! ri* & poor1 :e!r all ri* & none poor1 or "s 9 bo?1 may & %\ld be s5t to le>n+4 ,if "s ri* are s5t1 provid$ = out ( private res\rces1 "s poor w be comm5d$ by promis+ p>ts to public provision = ! g5]al advantage1 & if nei!r private nor public provision is mismanag$1 ! matt] w decide itself by ! capacity ( ! le>n]s & _! disposition to prove virtu\s4 ,! safe condition is t ! ri* %\ld n h too mu*1 nor ! poor too little4 ,9 ! =m] case1 ! ov]plus bre$s a loose & dissolute bra92 9 ! latt]1 ! insuffici5cy causes a base & s]vile temp]4 ,= he :o is nev] 9 ne$1 ow+ to ! supplies ( 8 fri5ds1 nev] ex]cises 8 wits to be a fri5d to himself1 b commonly proves reckless till ! black ox treads ^u 8 toes1 & necessity makes him try :at mettle he is made (4 ,& he :o is always 9 ne$1 = want ( fri5ds1 is apt to f9d 8 heav5 9 :atev] rids him ( 8 difficulties1 & to wor%ip t sa9t :o s]ves 8 turn be/4 ,n[ if weal?y p>5ts out ( _! private =tune1 & public patrons out ( _! surplus weal? w\ld try to avoid ^! two extremes1 !n nei!r w\ld ov]-abundance make ! "o too wanton1 nor want make ! o!r too s]vile4 ,nei!r w\ld be tempt$ to ha/5 on too fa/1 ! "o le/ he %\ld lose "s "t1 & ! o!r le/ he %\ld miss "s *ance ( a livelihood4 ,! middle sort ( p>5ts1 :o nei!r welt] 9 too mu* weal?1 nor wre/le ) too mu* want1 seem mo/ promis+ ( all1 if _! *ildr5's capacity is 9 keep+ ) _! p>5ts' circum/ances & position1 :i* mu/ be ! level = ! fatte/ to fall d[n to1 & ! leane/ to leap up to1 to br+ =? ! /ud5t :o w s]ve 8 c\ntry be/4 ,! ,numb] ( ,s*ol>s limit$ by ,circum/ances4 ,all _c pass on to le>n+ t ?rong ?i!rw>d1 because ( ! inconv5i5ces t may ensue1 by want ( pref]m5t = su* a multitude1 & by depriv+ o!r trades ( _! necess>y work]s4 ,ev]yone desires to h 8 *ild le>n$1 yet = all t e p>5t mu/ be> 9 m9d t he is m b\nd to 8 c\ntry ?an to 8 *ild4 ,if ! p>5t w n yield to reason "s k9d ( re/ra9t mu/ be us$4 ,=tunately ! "q is (t5 det]m9$ by necessity4 ,y w\ld h y\r *ild le>n$1 b y\r purse w n /ret*2 y mu/ be pati5t1 & devise "s o!r c\rse )9 y\r means4 ,y are n able to sp>e him f y\r elb[ = y\r own ne$s1 :]eas le>n+ mu/ h leisure1 & ! s*ol>'s book be 8 only bus9ess free f outside int]f]5ce4 ,y h no s*ool ne> y1 & y _c pay = tea*+ fur!r (f2 !n let y\r own trade cont5t y1 & keep y\r *ild at home4 ,or y\r *ild is ( weak con/itution2 !n let s*ool+ alone1 make play 8 physician1 & heal? 8 object4 ,:i*ev] way necessity drives y1 p]=ce t way mu/ ye trot4 ,if ! re/ra9$ *ild _c get ! skill to write & read1 ,i lam5t t lack1 = ^! two po9ts conc]n e man ne>ly1 & are useful 9 e k9d ( bus9ess4 ,i d>e n v5ture to all[ s _m ! ,lat9 tongue1 nor any o!r language1 unless x be 9 cases :]e ^? tongues are f\nd necess>y 9 _! trades4 ,= o!rwise ! fe> is le/1 hav+ su* b5efits ( s*ool1 !y w n be cont5t ) _! own /ation 9 life1 b because !y h "s little smack ( book le>n+ !y w ?9k ev5 ! highe/ positions l[ en\gh = !m1 n consid]+ t 9 well-gov]n$ ,/ates ,lat9 is all[$ bo? to c\ntry cl[ns & t[n artific]s2 yet ^! rema9 9 _! own call+1 )\t pride or ambition1 on acc\nt ( t small k by :i* !y are bett] able to furni% out _! own trades4 ,! ,numb] ( ,s*ol>s kept d[n by ,law4 ,x is no objection to allege aga9/ su* a lawful re/ra9t1 t if su* a measure _h be5 9 =ce we might h lo/ m5 ( high intellig5ce & great le>n+ :o h be5 ( mu* s]vice to ! ,/ate4 ,"s degree ( =esight & ord]ly re/ra9t are m likely to secure t necess>y functions w be well s]v$ ?an if all is left to *ance & individual w4 ,nor is x reasonable to object t x 7 a pity1 by ! sev]ity ( an unk9d law1 to h9d] t excell5ce :i* ,god commonly gives to ! poor] sort4 ,tal5t n peculi> ei!r to ,ri* or ,poor4 ,z = pity+ ! poor1 ye ne$ n wi% a begg> to become a pr9ce1 ?\gh ye all[ him a p5ny & pity 8 necessities4 ,if he is poor provide = him1 t he may live by trade1 b let him n idle4 ,has he tal5t8 ,well1 are artific]s fools8 ,& d n all trades require ability8 ,b is he v likely to di/+ui% himself 9 le>n+8 ,i d n reject him2 he has 8 *ance ( be+ provid$ a public help 9 common patronage4 ,b he does n well to oppose 8 own p>ticul> w aga9/ ! public good2 let 8 c\ntry ?9k en\gh ( him1 b let him bew>e ( ?9k+ too mu* ( himself4 ,because ,god has (t5 %[n himself b\ntiful 9 conf]r+ tal5t on ! poor] sort1 t does n prove t he has n be/[$ z great gifts on "s ( ! upp] class1 ?\gh !y may h fail$ to use !m4 ,! commonweal?1 x is urg$1 mu/ be prep>$ to give scope = ability1 9 :atev] class x may be f\nd4 ,*oice ( ^? fit = ,le>n+4 ,! *oice ( le>n]s is a matt] requir+ c>eful ?\ght at all times & 9 all places1 b especially 9 our own day & c\ntry4 ,= x is m important to :om y commit le>n+ :5 y h f\nd :at to le>n ?an to f9d :at to le>n be=e y commit x1 because ! be/ in/rum5t %\ld always be h&l$ by ! fitte/ p]son1 & n by e "o t has a fancy to h&le x4 ,:5 ! *oice foll[s private lik+ r ?an public advantage1 m mis*ief is caus$ ?an is easily discov]$1 ?\gh ! sm>t is g5]ally felt4 ,!re is inde$ little use 9 discuss+ ! "q ( fitness1 if no *oice is to be made :5 ! "q is decid$4 ,& z ! be/[al ( le>n+ mu/ h its beg9n+ 9 ! "y *ild1 ought n good *oice to g be=e if ! due effect is to foll[8 ,h[ ! ,*oice ( ,s*ol>s %\ld be ,det]m9$4 ,i w n[ consid] :at k9ds ( tal5t & disposition are1 ev5 f infancy1 to be ?\ght mo/ fitt+ to s]ve ! ,/ate 9 ! matt] ( le>n+4 ,(t5 ^? :o give lea/ promise at fir/ turn out mo/ suitable 9 ! end2 :]e=e ! absolute rejection ( any1 be=e maturity is rea*$1 n only does an injury to ^? :o are reject$1 b w\ld be an evid5ce ( ra%ness 9 ^? :o reject4 ,= ! v>iety is v great1 ?\gh :]e c]ta9ty is impossible pref]5ce mu/ be giv5 to ! mo/ likely4 ,9 ! qualities t give promise ( good s]vice :5 le>n+ has be5 ga9$1 !re are commonly reckon$ an hon\rable disposition1 zeal = moral virtue1 & ! desire to b5efit society )\t ?\ght ( p]sonal pr(it4 ,!re mu/ also be tak5 into acc\nt ! %rewdness ( intellig5ce :i* w n be easily deceiv$ nor div]t$ f a "r op9ion1 ei!r by ! influ5ce ( feel+ 9 !mselves or ! /r5g? ( p]suasion 9 o!rs4 ,& g5]ally :atev] virtue gives pro( ( a good man & a good citiz5 mu/ be held ( value1 s t ! le>n] %\ld %[ capability & discretion 9 matt]s ( le>n+1 & t[>dness & con/ancy 9 matt]s ( liv+4 ,all ?is ref]s to free m5 :o c secure indep5d5tly ! opportunities ( le>n+1 yet provision is to be made = ^? ( good natural intellig5ce :o ne$ "s help4 ,!re are ?ree k9ds ( gov]nm5t--,mon>*y1 ,olig>*y1 & ,democracy1 ea* ( :i* dem&s a diff]5t type ( citiz5 & s*ol>4 ,t *ild is likely 9 lat] ye>s to prove ! fitte/ subject = le>n+ 9 a ,mon>*y :o at a t5d] age %[s himself ob$i5t to ! rules ( ! ,s*ool1 &1 if he %\ld (f5d1 takes 8 puni%m5t g5tly1 )\t compla9+ or tak+ affront4 ,9 behavi\r t[>ds 8 companions he is g5tle & c\rte\s1 )\t wrangl+ or compla9+4 ,he w l5d a help+ h&1 & use e p]suasion r ?an h ei!r 8 tea*] disquiet$ or 8 s*ool-fell[s puni%$4 ,&1 !re=e1 ei!r he receives simil> c\rtesy f 8 s*ool-fell[s1 or :oev] %[s him any disc\rtesy mu/ be prep>$ = *all5ge & combat ) all ! re/4 ,if he has any natural capacity 9 :i* he excels 8 companions1 x w be s well regulat$ & %[ itself ) su* mode/y t x %all appe> 9 no way upsett+ or ov]-ambiti\s4 ,at home he w be s def]5tial to 8 p>5ts1 s c\rte\s among s]vants1 s dutiful t[>d all ) :om he has to deal1 t !re w be cont5tion :o c praise him mo/ beh9d 8 back1 & :o c *]i% him mo/ be=e 8 face4 ,^! qualities w n be easily disc]n$ till ! *ild is ei!r 9 ! ,gramm> ,s*ool by regul> b n premature advancem5t1 or at lea/ ^u 8 passage f ! complet$ c\rse ( ! ,elem5t>y ,s*ool1 because 8 age by t "t1 & 8 progress "u regulation1 w make x possible 9 "s degree to p]ceive 8 incl9ation4 ,be=e t "t we p>don _m ?+s1 & use enc\ragem5t & motives ( ambition to inflame ! little "o onw>d1 :i* are discont9u$ aft]w>ds4 ,:5 ( _! own accord1 )\t any motive ( fe> or o!r incitem5t1 !y beg9 to make "s %[ ( _! le>n+ 9 "s special direction1 !n conjecture is on foot z to :at _! c>e] ought to be4 ,gr\nds = ,promotion4 ,:5 ! possession ( means bids ! s*ool door op51 ! admission & "r ( cont9uance is grant$ to all1 till aft] "s pro( ! ma/]1 :o is ! fir/ *oos] ( ! f9e/1 beg9s to disc]n :]e !re is ability to g =w>d1 & :]e natural weakness sugge/s prompt removal4 ,:5 ! ma/] has discov]$ /r5g? or infirmity ( nature1 z may appe> 9 ! ease or difficulty ( acquir+ & reta9+ t are se5 9 boys ( diff]5t aptitude1 8 desire w naturally be to h ! promis+ s*ol>s cont9u$1 to procure ! removal ( ! dull] ones by div]t+ _! en]gy into "s o!r c\rse m 9 keep+ ) _! natural b5t ?an le>n+1 9 :i* !y are likely to make little progress1 h[ev] long !y rema9 at s*ool4 ,c>e mu/ be tak51 h[ev]1 n to decide prematurely1 = x may prove t ^? wits t at fir/ 7 f\nd to be v h>d & blunt may s(t5 & prove %>p 9 "t1 & %[ a f9] edge1 ?\gh ?is is n to be appli$ to dull>ds g5]ally4 ,= natural dulness w %[ itself 9 ev]y?+ t conc]ns memory & und]/&+1 :ile t k9d ( dulness t may "s day *ange into %>pness w %[ itself only at int]vals1 l a cl\dy day t w turn out f9e 9 ! end4 ,:]e=e1 inju/ice may be done by a ha/y judgm5t1 &1 on ! o!r h&1 ! boy :o is n yet /rong en\gh = manual "w may rema9 a little long] at s*ool1 :]e1 ev5 if he d little good1 he is sure to take little h>m4 ,moreov]1 if ! p>5ts c af=d x1 & wi% to keep _! *ildr5 on at s*ool1 ev5 ?\gh _! progress is small1 ! ma/] mu/ h pati5ce1 & measure 8 pa9s by ! p>5t's purse1 :]e he kn[s !re is pl5ty1 & n by ! *ild's pr(it1 :i* he sees w be small4 ,only he mu/ keep ! p>5t con/antly in=m$ h[ matt]s /&1 bo? z a matt] ( duty & to prev5t disappo9tm5t4 ,b ! case is diff]5t ) a poor *ild1 :o %\ld be s5t to a trade at once1 if he is n promis+ 9 le>n+4 ,co-op]ation ( ,p>5ts4 ,see+ t ! s*oolma/]1 to ^: judgm5t ,i comm5d ! *oice1 is no absolute pot5tate 9 our commonweal?1 to dispose ( p's *ildr5 z he pleases1 b only a c\nsellor to act along ) ! p>5t1 if ! latt] is will+ to take advice1 ,i %\ld wi%1 t 9 ord] to h ?is duly accompli%$1 p>5ts & tea*]s %\ld be n only acqua9t$1 b on fri5dly t]ms ) ea* o!r4 ,& ?\gh "s p>5ts ne$ no c\nsel1 & "s tea*]s c give b little1 yet ! wise p>5t is always will+ to li/5 be=e he decides1 & ! op9ion ( a skilful tea*] des]ves to be he>d4 ,if ?is co-op]ation _c be e/abli%$1 ! poor *ild w suff] 9 ! pres5t1 & ! p>5ts w lose mu* satisfaction 9 ! end4 ,?is k9d ( control w cont9ue z long z ! *ild is ei!r "u a ma/] 9 s*ool1 or "u a tutor 9 college1 & 9 ?is p]iod a great numb] may be v wisely arrang$ =1 unle>n$ trades be+ suffici5tly suppli$1 & a life ( le>n+ res]v$ = ^? only :o by _! intellig5ce & judgm5t are fitt$ = x4 ,by su* means ! proportion w be prop]ly adju/$ 9 e bran* ( ! public s]vice1 & ! risk avoid$ ( hav+ too l>ge a total numb]4 ,?is p]iod "u ! ma/]'s *>ge is ! only p]iod :5 ! y\? c be controll$ by outside direction2 = aft]w>ds at a m dang]\s age !y come to *oose = !mselves1 & _! defects ( nature & mann]s1 if n correct$1 may br+ sorr[ to !m & to _! fri5ds4 ,& ?\gh ! s*oolma/] may n always h 8 c\nsel foll[$ 9 su* a case1 yet if he let ! p>5t "k 8 op9ion 8 duty w be dis*>g$4 ,= if ! p>5t %[s himself unwill+ to foll[ ! tea*]'s op9ion1 support$ by good reasons1 b "u ! influ5ce ( bl9d affection ov]e/imates 8 *ild's aptitude = le>n+1 !n ?\gh ! ma/] %\ld = 8 own ga9 keep on an unpromis+ pupil1 ! fault lies ) ! p>5t :o w\ld n see ev5 aft] fair w>n+4 ,s t x always proves true t p>5ts & tea*]s %\ld be famili>ly l9k$ toge!r 9 amity & cont9ual conf]5ce = _! common *>ge1 & t ea* %\ld tru/ 9 ! judgm5t & p]sonal goodwill ( ! o!r4 ,?is w come to pass only :5 ! tea*] is c>efully *os5 & kept on t]ms ( fri5dly conf]5ce--n m]ely because 8my neighb\r's *ildr5 g to s*ool ) y1 s y %all h m9e too10--a common reason 9 ! case ( *ildr5 :o are cont9ually be+ s5t po/+ ab\t to try all sorts ( s*ools1 & nev] /ay long 9 any1 ?us reap+ z mu* le>n+ z ! roll+ /one ga!rs moss4 ,admission into ,colleges4 ,! o!r means :]eby "s selection may be made is by admission into colleges1 pref]m5ts to degrees1 advancem5t to liv+s4 ,9 reg>d to ^! ! commonweal? may receive all ! great] h>m t !y come ne>] ! public s]vice1 s t pla9 deal+ is ! m praisewor?y1 9 ord] to prev5t mis*ief4 ,z conc]ns colleges ,i d n consid] t ! s*ol>%ips 9 !m are int5d$ only = poor /ud5ts1 = ^: ne$s t small help c\ld nev] suffice1 7?\gh "s advantage may be giv5 to !m 9 consid]ation ( special promise :i* has no o!r *ance ( be+ recognis$7 b r t !y are simply pref]m5ts = le>n+ & advancem5ts = virtue1 alike to ! weal?y z a rew>d ( well-do+1 & to ! poor] /ud5ts z a necess>y support4 ,!re=e1 z 9 admission ,i w\ld give fre$om to *oose f bo? sorts1 s ,i w\ld re/rict ! *oice to ^? :o give g5u9e promise ( usefulness4 ,= if elections are sway$ by fav\r1 %[n on gr\nds n ( m]it b ( private fri5d%ip1 ?\gh p]haps ) "s col\r ( reg>d = le>n+1 ^? :o are responsible = ! inju/ice w rep5t :5 x is too late1 f9d+ !mselves s]v$ 9 _! own co92 = ^? :o get 9 by su* means1 ow+ _! own advancem5t to private influ5ce1 w act 9 ! same way t[>ds o!rs1 )\t reg>d to ! common welf>e4 ,:5 fav\r is %[n on any o!r gr\nd ?an t ( m]it1 f\nd]s are disc\rag$1 public provision is misus$1 & le>n+ gives place to idl+4 ,b if elections 7 made on gr\nds ( fitness alone1 ! unfit w\ld be div]t$ 9 "t into "s o!r *annel1 ! be/ w\ld be *os51 ! int5tions ( f\nd]s w\ld be fulfill$1 "s p]jury = ! non-p]=mance ( /atutes w\ld be avoid$1 new patrons w\ld be procur$1 religion advanc$1 & good /ud5ts enc\rag$4 ,pref]m5t to ,degrees4 ,pref]m5t to degrees may be1 & inde$ ought to be1 a m p[]ful *eck on insuffici5cy1 because by ?is means ! :ole c\ntry is made ei!r a lam5table spoil to bold ignorance1 or a fav\rable soil = sob] k4 ,:5 a s*ol> is all[$ by au?ority ( ! ,univ]sity to pr(ess capacity 9 a c]ta9 specialty = :i* he be>s ! title1 & is s5t into ! _w by ! help ( p :o h act$ "u unwor?y influ5ces 9 disreg>d ( m]it1 :at mu/ our c\ntry ?9k :5 %e he>s ! boa/ ( ! ,univ]sity title s\nd 9 h] e>s1 & fails to f9d ! b5efit ( ,univ]sity le>n+ to s]ve h] 9 h] ne$8 ,%e w n blame ! ignorant graduate1 :o is only naturally try+ to d ! be/ = himself1 b %e w v greatly blame ! ,univ]sities = hav+ deceiv$ h] & betray$ h] tru/4 ,= 9 grant+ a degree ! ,univ]sity is virtually say+1 8,be=e ,god & my c\ntry1 ,i "k ?is man1 n by p]functory k1 b by ?or\gh exam9ation1 to be well able to p]=m 9 ! ,commonweal? ! duties ( ! pr(ession to :i* 8 degree belongs1 & ! c\ntry may re/ ^u my cr$it 9 security = 8 suffici5cy40 ,:at if ! ,univ]sity knew be=eh& t he nei!r 0 su* an "o1 nor 0 ev] likely to prove su*8 ,let ! e>ne/ pr(essors ( true religion 9 ! univ]sities at ?is day consult _! consci5ces & rem$y ! defect = _! own cr$it & ! good ( _! c\ntry4 ,a tea*] may be p>don$1 = seek+ ?us e>ne/ly to h true wor? recognis$1 consid]+ t !reby w\ld come n only satisfaction to himself1 b advantage to 8 pupils & to ! c\ntry at l>ge4 ,c he be any?+ b griev$ to see ! results = :i* he has lab\r$ ) inf9ite c>e & pa9s set at naught by bad managem5t at a lat] /age8 ,x seems to be reasonable = anyone :o is giv5 ! *>ge ( numb]s to conc]n himself n only ) :at comes "u 8 own imm$iate regulation1 b ) ! means ( secur+ public protection & enc\ragem5t = 8 pupils aft] !y pass out ( 8 c>e4 ,natural ,capacity 9 ,*ildr54 ,i w n[ consid] :at *ildr5 ought to le>n :5 !y are fir/ s5t to s*ool4 ,!re are 9 ! human s\l c]ta9 natural capacities :i* by ! wisdom ( p>5ts & ! disc]nm5t ( tea*]s1 :o may p]ceive !m 9 ! *ild's infancy & d _! be/ to cultivate !m1 may ev5tually be made v pr(itable bo? to _! possessor1 & to ! commonweal?4 ,if ^! natural capacities are n p]ceiv$1 ^? :o are responsible mu/ be *>g$ ei!r ) ignorance or ) neglig5ce1 & if !y are p]ceiv$ b are ei!r n improv$ or wrongly direct$1 ! tea*]s & tra9]s1 :e!r !y are p>5ts or s*oolma/]s1 mu/ be mu* lack+ 9 s\nd skill1 or else !y are guid$ by /upid fancies4 ,)\t mak+ any complete analysis ( ! m5tal p[]s1 ,i w\ld po9t out "s natural incl9ations 9 ! s\l1 :i* seem to crave ! help ( education & nurture1 & by means ( ^! may be cultivat$ to advantage4 ,9 ! little "y s\ls we f9d fir/ a capacity to p]ceive :at is taught to !m1 & to imitate ^? ar\nd !m4 ,t faculty ( le>n+ & foll[+ %\ld be well employ$ by *oos+ ! prop] matt] to be set be=e !m1 by c>efully proce$+ /ep by /ep 9 a reasonable ord]1 by h&l+ !m w>ily s z to draw !m on ) enc\ragem5t4 ,we f9d also 9 !m a p[] ( ret5tion2 !re=e _! memories %\ld at once be furni%$ ) ! v be/1 see+ t x is a treasury1 & nev] suff]$ to be idle1 z x loses its p[] s soon4 ,= 9 default ( ! bett]1 ! worse w take possession1 & bid itself welcome4 ,we f9d 9 !m fur!r an ability to disc]n :at is good & :at is evil1 s t !y %\ld =?) be acqua9t$ ) :at is be/1 by le>n+ to obey au?ority1 & dissuad$ f ! worse by ! fe> ( disapproval4 ,^! ?ree ?+s1 p]ception1 memory1 & judgm5t1 ye w f9d pe]+ out ( ! little "y s\ls at a "t :5 ye c see :at is 9 !m1 b !y _c yet see x !mselves4 ,n[ ^! natural capacities be+ once disc]n$1 mu/ z !y arise be foll[$ ) dilig5ce1 increas$ by good me?od1 & enc\rag$ by sympa?y1 till !y come to _! fruition4 ,enc\ragem5t bett] ?an ,sev]ity4 ,! be/ way to secure good progress1 s t ! intellig5ce may conceive cle>ly1 memory may hold fa/1 & judgm5t may *oose & disc]n ! be/1 is s to ply !m t all may proce$ volunt>ily1 & n ) viol5ce1 s t ! w may be ready to d well1 & lo? to d ill1 & all fe> ( correction may be entirely abs5t4 ,surely to beat = n le>n+ a *ild t is will+ en\gh to le>n1 b ^: intellig5ce is defective1 is worse ?an madness4 ,moral ,tra9+ falls *iefly on ,p>5ts4 ,! duty ( lead+ *ildr5 to cleave to ! good & =sake ! bad1 9 matt]s ( ord9>y conduct1 is %>$ by all :o come 9 contact ) !m2 x belongs to ! p>5ts by nature1 to s*oolma/]s by ! *>ge committ$ to !m1 to neighb\rs z a matt] ( c\rtesy1 & to p 9 g5]al on ! gr\nd ( a common humanity4 ,tea*]s1 x is true1 h special opportunities ( influ5c+ ! morals & mann]s ( *ildr51 by means ( ! au?ority !y naturally ex]cise1 9 tea*+ !m :at is be/1 & induc+ !m to practise x1 ev5 by =ce at fir/1 till !y come to appreciate x = !mselves4 ,b ?is control ( good mann]s is n = tea*]s alone1 = z ,i h said1 !y mu/ co-op]ate ) ! p>5ts1 to :om t duty naturally app]ta9s mo/ ne>ly1 z !y h ! fulle/ au?ority ov] ! *ildr54 ,:]e=e1 res]v+ = ! tea*] only s mu* z /rictly belongs to him1 9 in/ruct+ ! *ild :at is be/ 9 good mann]s1 & 9 fram+ good regulations & see+ t !y are prop]ly c>ri$ out1 ,i ref] ! re/ to ^? :o are ! appo9t$ gu>dians ( morals1 to secure ei!r by private discipl9e at home1 or by public control outside1 t "y p are well br\ght up to di/+ui% ! good f ! bad1 ! seemly f ! unseemly1 t !y may "k ,god1 s]ve _! c\ntry1 be a com=t to _! fri5ds1 & help "o ano!r1 z good fell[-citiz5s are b\nd to d4 ,b ! task ( tra9+ _! intellig5ce & memory belongs :olly to ! tea*]1 & ,i w n[ proce$ to deal ) x4 ,elem5t>y ,in/ruction--,read+4 ,i might v well be ?\ght want+ 9 discretion if ,i 7 to press any f>-fet*$ proposals into ?is discussion ( g5]al pr9ciples1 & ,i %all !re=e deal only ) me?ods t are 9 h>mony ) ! cu/oms ( ?is c\ntry1 & ) ! circum/ances ( ! "t4 ,among ! subjects ( in/ruction t h univ]sally be5 recognis$ & practis$1 ,read+ c]ta9ly holds ! fir/ place1 alike = ! tra9+ ( ! m9d 9 ! process ( acquir+ x1 & = its usefulness aft] x is acquir$4 ,= ! pr9t$ page is ! fir/ & simple/ mat]ial = impressions 9 ! art ( tea*+1 & no?+ comes be=e x4 ,:5 by gradual practice 9 comb9+ lett]s & 9 spell+ out words "u direction1 ! *ild has acquir$ ! faculty ( read+ easily1 :at a clu/] ( b5efits ?us come )9 rea*6 ,:atev] anyone has publi%$ to ! _w by p5 or pr9t1 = any end ( pr(it or pleasure1 :e!r ( free w or "u con/ra9t1 by read+ x is all made to s]ve u--9 religion1 to promote ! love & fe> ( ,god1 9 law1 to aid u 9 r5d]+ ob$i5ce & s]vice to our fell[-m51 & 9 life g5]ally to enable u to expel ignorance & acquire skill to d ev]y?+ well4 ,:]e=e ,i make ,read+ ! fir/ f\ndation on :i* ev]y?+ else mu/ re/1 & be+ a ?+ ( su* mom5t1 x %\ld be ?or\ghly le>n$ :5 x is once begun1 z facility w save mu* tr\ble bo? to ma/] & s*ol> at a lat] /age4 ,! *ild %\ld h 8 read+ p]fect bo? 9 ! ,engli% & 9 ! ,lat9 tongue long be=e he dreams ( /udy+ gramm>4 ,! ,v]nacul> ,fir/4 ,z = ! "q :e!r ,engli% or ,lat9 %\ld be fir/ le>n$1 hi!rto !re may seem to h be5 "s reasonable d\bt1 al?\gh ! nature ( ! two tongues ought to decide ! matt] cle>ly en\gh2 = :ile our religion 0 express$ only 9 ,lat91 ! s+le rule ( le>n+ 0 to le>n to read t language1 z t5d+ to ! k valu$ by ! ,*ur*4 ,b n[ t we h return$ to our ,engli% tongue z be+ prop] to ! soil & to our fai?1 ?is re/ra9t is remov$1 & lib]ty is re/or$1 s t we c foll[ ! direction ( reason & nature1 9 le>n+ to read fir/ t :i* we speak fir/1 to take mo/ c>e ov] t :i* we use mo/1 & 9 beg9n+ our /udies :]e we h ! be/ *ance ( good progress1 ow+ to our natural famili>ity ) our ord9>y language1 z spok5 by ^? ar\nd u 9 ! affairs ( e-day life4 ,?is is ! bett] ord] also 9 respect t ,engli% pres5ts c]ta9 difficulties t are abs5t 9 ,lat91 & t *ildr5 c ma/] m easily :5 _! memories are /ill un/or$1 & consid]ations ( reason d n affect !m4 ,:ile ,lat9 has be5 purifi$ to a def9ite =m 9 :i* x has be5 fix$ & pres]v$1 ,engli%1 ?\gh x is progress+ v fairly1 is /ill want+ 9 ref9em5t1 ! spell+ be+ h>d]1 & ! pronunciation h>%]1 ?an 9 ,lat94 ,mat]ial ( ,read+4 ,9 ?is a special & cont9ual reg>d %\ld be _h to ^! f\r po9ts 9 ! *ild--8 memory1 8 delight1 8 capacity1 & 8 advancem5t4 ,z to 8 memory1 ,i w\ld provide t z he mu/ practise x ev5 f ! fir/1 s he may also practise x ^u ! be/1 bo? = pleasure 9 ! c\rse ( le>n+1 & = pr(it aft]w>ds4 ,z to 8 delight1 :i* is no mean allurem5t to 8 le>n+ well1 ,i w\ld be equally c>eful t ! matt] :i* he %all read1 may be s fit = 8 ye>s1 & s pla9 to 8 intellig5ce1 t :5 he is at s*ool1 he may desire to g =w>d 9 s int]e/+ a /udy1 & :5 he comes home1 he may take great pleasure 9 tell+ 8 p>5ts :at pretty little ?+s he f9ds 9 8 book1 & t ! p>5ts also may h no less pleasure 9 he>+ _! little "o speak1 s t ea* ( !m %all r seek to anticipate ! o!r1 ! *ild to be tell+ some?+1 & ! p>5t to be ask+4 ,z to 8 capacity1 ,i w\ld s provide1 t ! matt] :i* he %all le>n may be s easy to und]/&1 & ! t]ms :i* ,i w use1 s simple to foll[1 t bo? "o & ! o!r %all br+ no?+ b enc\ragem5t4 ,z to 8 advancem5t1 ,i w\ld be v p>ticul> t !re may be su* consid]ation & *oice 9 syllables1 words1 & s5t5ces1 & 9 all ! incid5tal notes1 t !re %all be no?+ want+ :i* may seem wor? ! wi%+1 to help fully ei!r 9 spell+ correctly1 or read+ easily2 s t ! *ild :o c read ^! well1 may read any?+ else well1 if ! read+ ma/] w keep t ord] 9 8 tea*+ :i* ,i int5d to give him 9 my precept1 & n d ! infant h>m by hurry+ him on too fa/1 & measur+ 8 =w>dness n by 8 own k b by ! notions ( 8 fri5ds4 ,writ+4 ,next to read+ foll[e? ,writ+1 at "s reasonable di/ance aft]1 because x require? "s /r5g? 9 ! h&1 :i* is n s /eady & firm = writ+ z ! tongue is /irr+ & ready = read+4 ,b ?\gh 9 education writ+ %\ld succe$ read+1 9 its orig9 x mu/ h be5 e>li]4 ,= ! p5 or "s su* in/rum5t did c>ve1 fir/ r\ghly & !n completely1 ! lett] or lett]-l device1 & !reby did ! eye behold 9 outw>d =m :at ! voice deliv]$ to ! e> 9 s\nd1 s t writ+ 0 us$ z ! int]pret] ( ! m9d1 & read+ became ! exp\nd] ( ! p54 ,f its rude beg9n+s writ+ has advanc$ s mu* t x n[ proves ! prop ( remembrance1 ! executor ( mo/ affairs1 ! deliv]] ( secrets1 ! mess5g] ( mean+s1 ! inh]itance ( po/]ity1 :]eby !y receive :atev] is bequea!d to !m1 9 law to live by1 9 lett]s to le>n & enjoy4 ,= ! prop] /udy ( ?is valuable art ! ma/] mu/ himself acquire1 & mu/ tea* 8 s*ol>1 a neat h&writ+1 fa/ & easy to read1 & ! matt] ( ! headl9e1 f :i* example is tak51 %\ld be pi?y1 & suitable = enri*+ ! memory ) a pr(itable provision4 ,practice %\ld n be left (f till x ha? br\ght great skill & read9ess1 = writ+ once p]fectly acquir$ is a wond]ful help 9 ! re/ ( our le>n+4 ,elem5t>y ,p]iod a ,"t ( ,probation4 ,dur+ ! "t ( le>n+ to read & to write ! *ild's intellig5ce w manife/ itself s z to decide :e!r x may v5ture fur!r ^u great] le>n+1 or 7 be/1 ow+ to "s natural defect1 to take to some?+ requir+ less skill4 ,b if ! *ild is set to any high] "w :ile he is /ill ( t5d] ye>s1 8 ma/] pu%+ him on beyond :at he is ready =1 !re may be loss ( temp]1 :i* (t5 breaks out into beat+1 to ! dull+ ( ! *ild1 ! disc\rag+ ( ! ma/]1 & ! reproa* ( s*ool-life1 :i* %\ld n only yield satisfaction 9 ! end1 :5 le>n+ has become a sure possession1 b %\ld pass on v pleasantly by ! way4 ,:atev] *ildr5 le>n1 !y %\ld le>n p]fectly1 = if opportunity to g on fur!r %\ld fail !m1 ?r\gh loss ( fri5ds or o!r mis=tune1 x 7 good t !y "k ?or\ghly :at !y _h practis$1 :]eas if x is kn[n only imp]fectly x w /& !m 9 v small /ead1 or none at all4 ,to write & read well is a pretty good /ock = a poor boy to beg9 ! _w )4 ,draw+4 ,aft] c>eful consid]ation ( ! matt] no "o w hold x op5 to controv]sy t ,draw+ ) p5 or p5cil %\ld be taught along ) writ+1 to :i* x is v closely relat$4 ,= a p5 & p5knife1 ink & pap]1 a pair ( compasses & a rul]1 a desk1 & a s&box1 w set !m bo? up1 & 9 ^! e>ly ye>s1 :ile ! f+]s are flexible1 & ! h& easily br\ght "u control1 good progress c be made4 ,& g5]ally ^? t h a natural aptitude = writ+ w h a knack ( draw+ too1 & %[ "s evid5t tal5t 9 t direction4 ,& ! place t judgm5t holds 9 ! m9d z ! measure ( :at is j & seemly1 is fill$ 9 ! _w ( s5se by draw+1 :i* judges ( ! proportion & aspect ( all t appeals to ! eyes4 ,because ,draw+ uses bo? numb] & figure to "w )1 ,i w\ld cull out z mu* numb]+ f ,ari?metic1 ! mi/ress ( numb]s1 & s mu* figur+ out ( ,geometry1 ! lady ( figures1 z %all s]ve = a f\ndation to ! *ild's draw+1 )\t ei!r difficulty to fright5 him1 or t$i\sness to tire him4 ,:atev] %all belong to col\r+1 %ad+1 & su* o!r te*nical po9ts1 s9ce !y are m ! conc]n ( ! pa9t] ?an ( ! beg9n] 9 draw+1 ,i w\ld res]ve !m = a lat] /age1 & leave !m to ! /ud5t's *oice1 :5 he is to specialise & betake himself to "s p>ticul> trade 9 life4 ,at :i* "t1 if he *ance to *oose ! p5 & p5cil to live by1 ?is introduction w !n prove 8 great fri5d1 z he himself %all f9d1 :5 he puts x to ! pro(4 ,la/ ( all1 inasmu* z draw+ is a ?+ t is ?or\ghly useful to _m good workm5 :o live hone/ly by its means1 & atta9 a good degree ( e/imation & weal?1 su* z ar*itects1 embroid]]s1 engrav]s1 /atu>ies1 modell]s1 design]s1 & _m o!rs l !m1 besides ! le>n$ use ( x = ,a/ronomy1 ,geometry1 ,geography1 ,topography1 & su* o!r /udies1 ,i w\ld !re=e pick out "s special figures1 appropriate to _m ( ! =esaid purposes :i* x seems fitte/ to tea* a *ild to draw1 & ,i w\ld also %[ h[ ^! are to be dealt ) f _! v beg9n+ to _! la/ p]fection1 see+ x is beyond all controv]sy t if draw+ be ?\ght ne$ful x %\ld be dealt ) :ile ! f+]s are supple1 & ! writ+ is /ill 9 progress1 s t bo? ! p5 & ! p5cil1 bo? ! rule & ! compass1 may g =w>d toge!r4 ,music4 ,music completes ! li/ ( elem5t>y subjects1 & is divid$ into two p>ts--! cultivation ( ! voice1 & ! practice ( an in/rum5t1 ! =m] resembl+ read+1 z x produces to ! e> :at is se5 by ! eye1 ! latt] resembl+ writ+1 z x imitates ! voice4 ,bo? %\ld be begun e>ly1 :ile ! voice & ! muscles are /ill pliable to tra9+4 ,s++ has ! advantage ( be+ less co/ly ?an ! /udy ( an in/rum5t 9 reg>d to ! necess>y provision4 ,z to ! value ( ,music1 !re c be no room = d\bt2 inde$1 x seems to h be5 s5t z a solace f heav5 = ! sorr[s ( e>?4 ,"s m5 ?9k x is ov] sweet1 & %\ld be ei!r disp5s$ ) altoge!r1 or at lea/ n mu* practis$4 ,= my own "p ,i _c =be> to place x among ! mo/ valuable means 9 ! upbr++ ( ! "y1 & 9 ?is op9ion ,i h ! support ( all ! be/ au?orities ( antiquity4 ,!re are s _m argum5ts 9 fav\r ( ! art2 x is s anci5t1 s hon\rable1 s univ]sal1 s highly valu$ 9 all times & places1 alike 9 ,*ur* s]vices & o!rwise2 x is su* a calm] ( passion1 su* a p[]ful influ5ce on ! m9d1 t ,i mu/ /ay my h& 9 writ+ ab\t x1 le/ be+ fairly emb>k$ ,i %\ld be unable to /op4 ,x w be en\gh = me to say ( ,music t x is 9 accordance ) national cu/om1 t x is v com=t+ to ! we>i$ m9d1 t x is a means ( p]suasion :i* all mu/ appreciate :o delight 9 ! proportions ( numb]1 t x is be/ & mo/ easily le>n$ 9 *ildhood1 :5 x c d lea/ h>m1 t its h>monies c\ld n h su* p[] to /ir emotion if !y _h n "s close natural aff9ity to ! con/itution ( ! body & s\l ( man1 & t we see & read ! wond]ful effects x has _h 9 ! cure ( desp]ate diseases4 ,& yet ) all its claims x ar\ses di/ru/ 9 "s qu>t]s1 ev5 9 hone/ & well-dispos$ natures t are too mu* incl9$ to /]nness4 ,!y1 h[ev]1 w probably alt] _! op9ion1 if !y w consid] m deeply :at ,music is 9 its true nature1 or if !y come to discuss ! matt] ) ^? :o take a s\nd] view1 or m c]ta9ly /ill if ! art 9 its be/ =m has a fav\rable *ance ( appeal+ to _! li/5+ e>s4 ,! sci5ce itself ha? naturally great p[] to probe & sway ! incl9ation ( ! m9d to ?is or t emotion1 ?r\gh ! prop]ties ( numb] 9 :i* x consi/s4 ,x also gives great delight ?r\gh its h>monies1 to :i* ! moods ( ! he>]s respond4 ,x is = ?is t "s disapprove ( x1 hold+ t x provokes too mu* to va9 pleasures1 & lays ! m9d op5 to ! entry ( light ?\ghts4 ,& to "s also x seems h>mful on religi\s gr\nds1 because x c>rie? away ! e> ) ! sweetness ( ! melody1 & bewit*e? ! m9d ) a sir5's s\nd1 s$uc+ x f ^? pleasures :]e9 x ought to dwell1 into fantasies ( h>mony1 & )draw+ x f virtu\s ?\ghts to /range & w&]+ devices4 ,a suffici5t answ] to all ?is is t 9 respect ( a ?+ t may be1 & 0 meant to be1 prop]ly us$1 x is no j gr\nd aga9/ x t x may also be abus$4 ,music w n h>m !e if ?y behavi\r be good1 & ?y int5tion hone/2 x w n betray !e if ?y e>s c take x 9 & int]pret x aright4 ,receive x 9 a prop] _s1 & x w s]ve !e to good purpose4 ,if ?y mann]s be bad1 or ?y judgm5t corrupt1 x is n music alone :i* ?\ do/ abuse1 nor can/ ?\ cle> ?yself ( ! blame t belongs to ?y "* by ca/+ x on ,music4 ,x is ?\ t ha/ abus$ h]1 & n %e !e4 ,& :y %\ld ^? :o c use x rightly =ego _! own good because ( a few peevi% p :o c nev] be pleas$8 ,! tra9+ 9 ,music1 z 9 all o!r faculties1 has a special eye to ^! ?ree po9ts3--! *ild himself1 :o is to le>n2 ! matt] itself1 :i* he is to le>n2 & ! in/rum5t itself1 on :i* he is to le>n4 ,i w s deal ) ! fir/ & ! la/ heads1 t is1 9 reg>d to ! *ild & ! in/rum5t1 t nei!r ( !m %all lack :atev] is ne$ful1 ei!r = fram+ ! *ild's voice1 or ex]cis+ 8 f+]s1 or *oos+ 8 lessons1 or tun+ 8 in/rum5t4 ,= 9 ! voice !re is a prop] pit*1 :]e x is nei!r ov] nor "u-/ra9$1 b delicately br\ght to its be/ condition1 to la/ out well1 & rise or fall )9 due compass1 & s t x may become tunable & pleasant to he>4 ,& 9 ! tra9+ ( ! f+]s also1 !re is reg>d to be _h1 bo? t ! *ild /rike ! notes cle>ly1 s z n to spoil ! s\nd1 & t 8 f+]s run ) c]ta9ty & lightness1 s z to avoid indi/9ct execution4 ,( ^! ! fir/ commonly falls out ?r\gh too mu* ha/e 9 ! "y le>n]1 :o is ev] long+ to press =w>d2 ! second fault comes ( ! ma/] himself1 :o does n consid] ! natural dext]ity & ord] ( developm5t 9 ! jo9ts1 = if ?is is rightly att5d$ to1 ! f+]s easily become flexible & ma/] difficulties ( execution )\t pa94 ,z = ! matt] ( music1 :i* ! *ild is to le>n1 ,i w\ld set d[n by :at means & degrees1 & by :at lessons1 a boy :o is to be br\ght up to s+ may & ought to proce$ regul>ly f ! fir/ t]m ( art1 & ! fir/ note 9 s\nd1 until he %all be able )\t any frequ5t or s]i\s failure to s+ 8 "p 9 prick-song1 ei!r by himself at fir/ :ile he is inexp]i5c$1 or ) o!rs = good practice aft]w>ds4 ,= ,i take s mu* to be en\gh = an ,elem5t>y in/itution1 :i* c only introduce ! subject1 ?\gh x mu/ foll[ ! "r pr9ciple1 & ,i po/pone ! /udy ( composition & h>mony till fur!r k & maturity are atta9$1 :5 ! :ole body ( music w dem& att5tion4 ,& yet s9ce ! *ild mu/ always be advanc+ 9 t direction1 ,i w\ld set him d[n to rules ( composition & h>mony1 :i* w make him bett] able to judge ( s++1 j z 9 language he :o is accu/om$ to write c be/ judge ( a writ]4 ,conc]n+ ! virg9als & ! lute1 :i* two in/rum5ts ,i h *os5 because ( ! full music utt]$ by !m & ! v>iety ( execution !y require1 ,i w\ld also set d[n z _m *os5 lessons = bo? z %all br+ ! "y le>n] to play reasonably well on !m1 ?\gh n at fir/ sight1 :e!r by ! e> or by ! book1 always provid$ t prick-song g be=e play+4 ,f\r ,elem5t>y ,subjects4 ,*ildr51 !re=e1 are to be tra9$ up 9 ! ,elem5t>y ,s*ool1 = help+ =w>d ! abilities ( ! m9d1 9 ^! f\r ?+s1 z recomm5d$ to u bo? by reason & cu/om3 ,read+1 to enable u to receive :at has be5 bequea!d to u by o!rs1 & to /ore our memories ) :at is be/ = u2 ,writ+1 to enable u to d = o!rs :at 0 done = u1 by h&+ on ! fruits ( our own exp]i5ce1 & besides to s]ve our own purposes2 ,draw+1 to be a guide to ! s5ses1 & to af=d u pleasure 9 ! objects ( sight2 & ,music1 bo? ) ! voice & ) an in/rum5t1 = ! reasons above /at$4 ,by read+ we receive :at antiquity has left u2 by writ+ we h& on :at po/]ity craves ( u2 by bo? we get great advantage 9 all ! circum/ances ( our daily life4 ,by del9eat+ ) ! p5cil1 :at object is !re op5 to ! eye1 ei!r br\ght =? by nature1 or set =? by art1 ! k & use ( :i* we _c atta9 to8 ,by ! /udy ( music1 besides ! acquirem5t ( a noble sci5ce1 s def9itely =m$ by ari?metical precept1 s necess>y a /ep to fur!r k1 su* a glass 9 :i* to behold bo? ! beauty ( concord & ! blots ( diss5sion1 ev5 9 a body politic1 h[ mu* help & pleasure our natural weakness receives = consolation1 = hope1 = c\rage6 ,i d n t\* "h on ! skilful h&l+ ( ! untra9$ voice1 nor ! f9e ex]cis+ ( ! unskill$ f+]s1 ?\gh ^! ?+s are n to be neglect$ :]e !y c be obta9$1 & are naturally requir$ :5 imp]fection is to be remov$ by !m4 ,aga91 does n all our le>n+1 appreh5d$ by ! eye & utt]$ by ! tongue1 confess ! great b5efit x receives by read+8 ,does n all our expression1 br\ght =? by ! m9d & set d[n by ! p51 ackn[l$ge obligation to ! /udy ( writ+8 ,d n all our descriptions1 :i* picture to ! s5se :at is fa%ion$ 9 ?\ght1 bo? prea* & praise ! p5cil :i* makes !m visible8 ,does n all our delight 9 times ( leisure1--& we lab\r only = ! sake ( ga9+ re/ & fre$om f c>e1--prote/ 9 pla9 t]ms t x is wond]fully indebt$ to ! music ( bo? voice & in/rum5t8 ,?is is ! natural sweet5] ( our bitt] life1 9 ! judgm5t ( e man :o is n too mu* s\r$4 ,n[1 :at quality ( le>n+ is !re1 des]v+ ( any praise1 t does n fall )9 ?is elem5t>y c\rse1 or is n fur!r$ by x1 :e!r x be connect$ ) ! high] pr(essions1 or occupations ( l[] rank1 or ! necess>y trades ( common life8 ,/udy ( ,languages4 ,inasmu* z ,gramm> is us$ p>tly z a help to =eign languages1 x fur!rs u v mu* 9 t way1 because all our le>n+ be+ got f =eign c\ntries1 z regi/]$ 9 _! tongues1 if we lack ! k ( ! "o1 we lack ! hope ( ! o!r4 ,:5 le>n+ & k came fir/ to light1 ^? m5 :o 7 ! au?ors ( !m utt]$ _! m9ds 9 ! same spee* t !y us$ :5 !y br$ ! ?+s4 ,& z !y ne$$ no =eign tongue = matt] t 0 br$ at home1 s !y _h no use ( any ,gramm> b t by :i* !y endeav\r$ to ref9e _! natural spee* at home4 ,b :5 _! devices1 fir/ set out 9 _! own tongues1 7 aft]w>ds s\ght = by =eign /ud5ts to increase _! le>n+ & to enri* _! c\ntry ) =eign w>es1 ! =eign /ud5ts 7 !n driv5 to seek ! assi/ance ( ,gramm> ( ! second k9d1 because !y c\ld n und]/& ! ?+s :i* 7 writt5 9 a =eign tongue1 )\t ! k ( ! tongue itself4 ,9 ! primitive ,gramm> *ildr5 be+ tra9$ z ,i n[ require1 w5t /raightway f ! elem5t>y to ! sub/ance ( le>n+1 & to ! ma!matical sci5ces1 :i* are s t]m$1 because inde$ ! :ole s*ol>s' le>n+ consi/$ 9 !m1 z 9 ! fir/ degree ( "r /udy4 ,= :atev] goes be=e !m 9 "r ord] is no?+ b m]e elem5t>y /udy1 & :atev] goes be=e !m 9 wrong ord]1 z x is di/ort$ 9 nature1 x works no great wond]4 ,b 9 ! second use ( ,gramm>1 we are =c$ ( necessity1 aft] ! elem5t>y subjects1 h[ev] hurri$ & simple !y may be1 to deal ) ! tongues ere we pass to ! sub/ance ( le>n+2 & ?is help f ! tongues1 ?\gh x is mo/ necess>y1 z our /udy is n[ arrang$1 yet h9d]s u 9 "t1 :i* is a ?+ ( great price1--nay1 x h9d]s u 9 k1 a ?+ ( great] price4 ,= 9 l+]+ ov] language we are remov$ & kept back "o degree fur!r f s\nd k1 & ?is h9drance comes 9 our be/ le>n+ "t1 :ile we are "u ma/]s & read]s1 ( :om we may le>n f> bett] ?an ( ourselves1 if z mu* reg>d be _h to _! *oice1 z ,i h else:]e recomm5d$4 ,foll[ ,nature4 ,! pro( ( a good ,elem5t>y ,c\rse is1 t x %\ld foll[ nature 9 ! multitude ( its gifts1 & t x %\ld proce$ 9 tea*+ z %e does 9 develop+4 ,= z %e is unfri5dly :]ev] %e is =c$1 s %e is ! be/ guide t anyone c h1 :]ev] %e %[s h]self fav\rable4 ,:]e=e1 if nature makes a *ild mo/ fit to excel 9 _m aptitudes1 provid$ ^! are fur!r$ by e>ly tra9+1 is n t education mu* to be blam$ t fails to d its "p1 all[+ ! *ild to be depriv$ by neglig5ce ( ! excell5ce t nature int5d$ = x8 ,aga91 see+ t !re are no natural gifts t _c be help$ =w>d by tra9+1 is n t mann] ( /udy to be mo/ highly approv$ :i* takes mo/ pa9s :]e nature is mo/ lavi%8 ,! h&1 ! e>1 ! eye1 are ! *ief means ( receiv+ & h&+ on our le>n+4 ,& does n ?is c\rse ( /udy in/ruct ! h& h[ to write1 to draw1 to play2 ! eye to read by lett]s1 to di/+ui% =m by l9es1 to judge by means ( bo?2 ! e> to call = ! s\nd ( voice & in/rum5t = its own pleasure & cultivation8 ,&1 9 g5]al1 :atev] gift nature has be/[$ ^u ! body1 to be br\ght out or improv$ by tra9+1 = any pr(itable use 9 life1 does n ?is elem5t>y c\rse f9d x out & make ! mo/ ( x8 ,z = ! capacities ( ! m9d1 :e!r !y conc]n virtu\s liv+ or skill 9 le>n+1 :atev] be ! art1 sci5ce1 or pr(ession to :i* !y belong1 d !y n all evid5tly dep5d ^u read+ & writ+ z _! natural f\ndations8 ,! /udy ( language mu/ be ! basis ( gramm>1 rhetoric1 logic1 & _! d]ivatives1 among :i* may be c\nt$ all ! p>ts ( philosophy1 bo? moral & natural1 z well z ! ?ree pr(essions ( div9ity1 law1 & m$ic9e1 us+ z !y d 9 all _! bran*es ! in/rum5t ( spee*4 ,if ma!matics be 9 "q1 or any k9dr$ subjects t h a be>+ on me*anical sci5ce1 ?\gh _! second>y use is to :et ! m5tal p[]s1 yet !y mu/ re/ on a /udy ( ! prop]ties ( numb]1 figure1 motion1 & s\nd4 ,& z = our pleasure 9 ! beauties ( art1 t is obta9$ by ! provision ( draw+ = ! eye & music = ! e>4 ,s t1 9 my op9ion1 ! fa!rs & f\nd]s ( ?is elem5t>y c\rse 7:i* ,i am only attempt+ to re9troduce1 ?\gh ) z mu* goodwill z s good a ?+ des]ves7 h %[n great =esight 9 lay+ su* sure f\ndations z to secure t all natural capacities %all n only be c>efully fo/]$ at _! fir/ spr\t+1 b br\ght to ! fulle/ p]fection :5 !y are ripe = ! h>ve/4 ,:5 ,i use ! t]m nature ,i mean t p[] :i* ,god has implant$ 9 8 creatures1 bo? to pres]ve ! race & to fulfil ! end ( _! be+4 ,! cont9uance ( _! k9d is ! pro( ( _! be+1 b ! fulfilm5t ( _! end is ! fruit ( _! be+4 ,?is latt] is ! po9t to :i* education has a special eye 7?\gh x does n despise ! o!r71 s t ! "y fry may be br\ght up to prove good 9 ! end1 & s]ve _! c\ntry well 9 :atev] position !y may be plac$4 ,= ! p]=mance ( ?is end ,i take x t ?is elem5t>y c\rse is mo/ suffici5t1 be+ ! be/ means ( p]fect+ all ^? p[]s ) :i* nature end[s our race1 by us+ ^? /udies :i* art & reflection appo9t1 & ^? me?ods :i* nature h]self sugge/s4 ,= ! end ( education & tra9+ is to help nature to h] p]fection 9 ! complete developm5t ( all ! v>i\s p[]s4 ,?is is :at ,i mean by foll[+ nature1 n c\nt]feit+ h] 9 h] own prop] "w by fooli% imitation1 or p]v]se attempt to produce h] effects1 l an ,apelles 9 portraiture or an ,ar*im$es 9 ! laws ( motion1 b aft] consid]+ & m>k+ ) good judgm5t :at are ! natural t5d5cies & incl9ations1 to frame a s*eme ( education 9 consonance ) ^!1 & br+ to p]fection by art all ^? p[]s :i* nature be/[s 9 frank abundance4 ,= ! physical life ( man1 9 ord] to ma9ta9 & develop bo? ! individual & ! species1 nature has provid$ organs t receive1 prep>e & di/ribute n\ri%m5t = ! body1 & has1 besides1 giv5 u = self-pres]vation ! p[] ( p]ceiv+ all s5sible ?+s by means ( feel+1 he>+1 see+1 smell+1 & ta/+4 ,^! qualities ( ! outw>d _w1 be+ appreh5d$ by ! und]/&+ & exam9$ by ! judgm5t1 are h&$ ov] to ! memory1 & aft]w>ds prove our *ief--nay1 our only--means ( obta9+ fur!r k4 ,moreov]1 we h also a p[] ( movem5t1 ei!r "u ! influ5ce ( emotion or by ! enticem5t ( desire1 ei!r = ! direct purposes ( life1 z 9 ! action ( ! pulse & 9 brea?+1 or = outw>d action1 su* z walk+1 runn+1 or leap+4 ,to s]ve ! end bo? ( s5se-p]ception & ( motion1 nature has plant$ 9 ! body a bra91 ! pr9ce ( all our organs1 :i* by spread+ its *annels ?r\gh e "p ( our frame produces all ! effects ?r\gh :i* s5se passes into motion4 ,fur!r1 our s\l has 9 x a desire to obta9 :at x holds to be good1 & to avoid :at x ?9ks evil4 ,?is desire is /irr$ ei!r by quiet allurem5t or by viol5t incitem5t1 & :5 once x is inflam$ x /rives to compass its end4 ,to satisfy ?is desire nature has giv5 u a he>t to k9dle heat1 & z ! s5se is mov$ by ! qualities ( ! object1 & motion is effect$ by means ( s9ews1 s appetite1 be+ /irr$ by ! object ( desire or repulsion1 is suppli$ ) ! means ( satisfy+ itself4 ,la/ ( all1 our s\l has 9 x an imp]ial pr]ogative ( und]/&+ beyond s5se1 ( judg+ by reason1 ( direct+ action = duty t[>ds ,god & our fell[m51 = conque/ 9 affection & atta9m5t 9 k1 & = su* o!r ?+s z m9i/] to ! v>i$ uses ( our mortal life1 & prove its title to cont9ue beyond ! sph]e ( ?is roam+ pilgrimage4 ,to s]ve ?is hon\rable purpose ( und]/&+ & reason+1 nature1 ?\gh %e has no place 9 ?is e>?ly body ( ours wor?y to receive su* great & /ately gue/s ) _! :ole ret9ue1 yet does :at %e c1 &1 h]self act+ z h>b+]1 assigns !m = lodg+ h] pr9cipal *amb]1 ! v closet ( ! bra91 :]e %e be/[s e "o ( reason's und]/&+ fri5ds1 accord+ to _! v>i\s ranks & special dignities4 ,all ^? capacities 9 _! fir/ natural condition conc]n only ! exi/5ce ( an uncultivat$ man2 b :5 !y are fa%ion$ to _! be/ by good education1 !y =m ! life ( a p]fect & excell5t man4 ,= to exi/ m]ely1 to fe$1 to multiply1 to use ! s5ses1 to desire1 to h natural & unimprov$ reason--:at great ?+ is x1 ?\gh x is some?+ m ?an brute bea/s h1 if ! o!r div9e qualities t build ^u ^! are n dilig5tly foll[$8 ,^! high] p[]s n only rise out ( ! l[] at ! fir/1 b hon\r !m 9 ! end1 j z ! be/ fruit hon\rs its fir/ blossom1 or z ! mo/ skilful "w graces ! fir/ gr\nd on :i* x is wr\ght4 ,besides t !y prove !mselves to be ! mo/ excell5t ends :i* nature meant f ! fir/1 ?\gh %e h]self made b a weak %[1 h[ev] pliable = man's indu/ry to "w on = 8 own advantage4 ,he :o does n live at all _c live well2 he :o does n fe$ at all _c fe$ mod]ately2 he :o does n reproduce _c ex]cise cont95ce2 he :o has no s5se _c use x sob]ly2 he :o does n desire _c desire consid]ately2 he :o uses no reason _c use x advis$ly4 ,b he :o ex]cises all ^! functions has 9 !m all ! capacities t nature c af=d him to use !m all well1 & he w s use !m if judgm5t rule z mu* 9 hav+ !m well z necessity 9 hav+ !m at all4 ,= reason1 z x is our diff]5ce 9 comp>ison ) bea/s1 is our excell5ce 9 comp>ison ) m51 if we use x aright4 ,^? p[]s ( reason+ & und]/&+ 9 man1 !re=e1 be+ h&l$ 9 a workmanlike fa%ion & appli$ to _! be/ uses by su* devices & means z are ?\ght fitte/1 direct ! natural appetites s z to secure ! heal? ( ! p>ts appo9t$ = !m1 & ( ! :ole body1 :i* is comp\nd$ ( ^? p>ts4 ,!y develop ! s5ses & _! organs to _! be/ p]fection & longe/ endurance4 ,!y re/ra9 desire to ! rule ( reason & ! advice ( =esight4 ,!y enri* ! m9d & ! s\l itself by lay+ up 9 ! treasury ( remembrance all arts & imag9ations1 all k1 wisdom1 & und]/&+1 by :i* ei!r ,god is to be hon\r$ or ! _w is to be hone/ly & fai?fully s]v$2 & ?is heav5ly b5efit is begun by education1 & confirm$ & p]fect$ by cont9u\s ex]cise1 :i* cr[ns ! :ole "w4 ,education ( ,girls4 ,9 nam+ ! p]sons :o 7 to receive ! b5efit ( education ,i did n exclude "y maid5s1 &1 !re=e1 see+ ,i made !m "o bran* ( my division1 ,i mu/ n[ say some?+ m ab\t !m4 ,"s may ?9k t ! matt] might well en\gh h be5 pass$ ov] 9 sil5ce1 z n belong+ to my purpose1 see+ t my pr(essional conc]n is ) ! education ( boys4 ,b see+ t ,i beg9 z l[ z ! fir/ elem5t>y tra9+1 9 :i* "y maid5s ord9>ily %>e1 h[ c\ld ,i seem to take no notice ( !m8 ,& to prove t !y ought to receive education ,i f9d f\r special reasons1 any "o ( :i*--!re=e surely all toge!r--may p]suade _! greate/ adv]s>y1 mu* m !n myself1 :o am = !m too? & nail4 ,! fir/ is ! cu/om ( ! c\ntry1 :i* all[s !m to le>n4 ,! second is ! duty we owe to !m1 *>g+ u 9 consci5ce n to leave !m defici5t4 ,! ?ird is _! own aptness to le>n1 :i* ,god w\ld nev] h be/[$ on !m to rema9 idle or to be us$ to small purpose4 ,! f\r? is ! excell5t results %[n 9 !m :5 !y h _h ! advantage ( good upbr++4 ,i d n advocate s5d+ "y maid5s to public ,gramm> ,s*ools1 or to ! ,univ]sities1 z ?is has nev] be5 ! cu/om 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,i w\ld all[ !m le>n+ )9 c]ta9 limits1 hav+ reg>d to ! diff]5ce 9 _! vocation1 & 9 ! ends :i* !y %\ld seek 9 /udy4 ,we see "y maid5s are taught to read & write1 & c le>n to d well 9 bo?2 we he> !m bo? s+ & play pass+ well2 we "k t !y le>n ! be/ & f9e/ ( our le>n$ languages to ! admiration ( all m54 ,z to ! liv+ mod]n languages ( highe/ reputation 9 our "t1 if any "o is incl9$ to d5y t 9 ^! !y c comp>e ) ! be/ ( our sex1 !y w claim no o!r te/s ?an to talk ) su* a "o 9 :i*ev] ( ^! tongues he may *oose4 ,^! ?+s our c\ntry do? /& to2 ^! accompli%m5ts _! p>5ts procure = !m accord+ to _! means & opportunities1 9 s f> z _! daught]s' aptitude do? (f] hope ( _! ga9+ an advantage ?r\gh !m1 by be+ pref]r$ 9 m>riage or "s o!r c>e]4 ,nay1 d we n see 9 our c\ntry "s ( t sex s excell5tly well tra9$1 & s r>ely qualifi$ 9 reg>d bo? to ! tongues !mselves & to ! subject-matt] conta9$ 9 !m1 t !y may be plac$ along )1 or ev5 above1 ! mo/ vaunt$ p>agons ( ,greece or ,rome1 or ! ,g]man & ,fr5* g5tlewom5 s mu* prais$ by rec5t writ]s1 or ! ,italian ladies :o d>e ev5 to write !mselves1 & des]ve fame = s do+8 ,& :at be "y maid5s 9 relation to our sex8 ,d we n1 accord+ to nature1 *oose f among !m ^? :o are to be our ne>e/ & mo/ necess>y fri5ds1 ! mo!rs ( our *ildr58 ,are !y n ! v creatures t 7 made = our com=t1 ! only rem$y = our solitude1 our close/ companions 9 weal or woe1 %>]s 9 all our =tunes until dea?8 ,& c we 9 consci5ce d o!rwise ?an give c>eful ?\ght to ! welf>e ( ^? t are l9k$ to u 9 s _m ways8 ,is x a small ?+ to h our *ildr5's mo!rs well /r5g!n$ 9 m9d z 9 body8 ,& is !re any bett] means ( /r5g!n+ _! m9ds ?an to tea* !m t k ( ,god & religion1 ( civil & dome/ic duties1 :i* we ourselves ga9 by education1 & ought n to d5y to !m--t education :i* is to be f\nd 9 books1 & c be s well acquir$ 9 y\?8 ,if ,nature has giv5 to "y maid5s abilities to prove excell5t 9 _! k9d1 & yet !reby 9 no way to fail 9 _! mo/ laudable duties 9 m>riage1 b r to beautify !mselves ) admirable ornam5ts1 are we n to be *>g$ ) extreme unnaturalness if we d n guide by discipl9e :at is giv5 to !m by ,nature8 ,! excell5t effects 9 ^? wom5 :o h be5 well tra9$ %[ cle>ly t !y des]ve ! be/ tra9+4 ,:at bett] example c be f\nd to assure ! _w ?an our mo/ de> sov]eign lady & pr9cess1 :o is s famili>ly acqua9t$ ) ! n9e ,muses t !y /rive :i* may love h] be/ = be+ ! mo/ le>n$1 & = ^: excell5t k we :o ta/e ( ! fruit h mo/ cause to rejoice8 ,aim ( ,education = ,girls4 ,b n[ hav+ grant$ !m ! b5efit & society ( our education1 we mu/ det]m9e ! end :i* ?is tra9+ is to s]ve1 s t x may be bett] appli$4 ,our tra9+ is )\t re/riction ei!r z reg>ds subject-matt] or me?od1 because our employm5t is s g5]al2 _! functions are limit$1 & s mu/ _! education be also4 ,if a "y maid5 is to be br\ght up ) a view to m>riage1 ob$i5ce to au?ority & simil> qualities mu/ =m ! be/ k9d ( tra9+2 if f necessity %e has to le>n h[ to e>n h] own liv+1 "s te*nical tra9+ mu/ prep>e h] = a def9ite call+2 if %e is to adorn "s high position %e mu/ acquire suitable accompli%m5ts2 if %e is de/9$ = gov]nm5t1 :i* may be (f]$ to h] by m51 & is n d5i$ h] by ,god1 ! greatness ( ! position calls = g5]al excell5ce1 & a v>iety ( gifts4 ,:]e=e1 hav+ ^! diff]5t ends always 9 view1 we may appo9t !m diff]5t k9ds ( tra9+ 9 accordance ) circum/ances4 ,b "s *urli% c>p] w say3 8,:at %\ld wom5 d ) le>n+80 ,su* a "o w nev] pick out ! be/1 b be always ready to blame ! wor/4 ,if all m5 always made a good use ( _! le>n+ we might h some?+ to allege aga9/ wom51 b see+ t misuse is common to bo? sexes :y %\ld we blame !m1 :5 we are n free f ! same infirmity ourselves8 ,"s wom5 may make a bad use ( _! writ+1 o!rs ( _! read+2 "s may turn all t !y le>n to bad acc\nt4 ,& ,i pray y :at d we8 ,i d n excuse ill1 b ,i b> ^? f accus+ :o are z bad !mselves4 ,z we %>e bo? virtues & vices ) wom51 let u ex*ange =be>ance1 &1 hop+ = ! be/1 give !m free opportunity4 ,:5 _! ,education %\ld beg94 ,?is is my op9ion z to :i* ought to be educat$ & :5 !y %\ld beg94 ,! same lib]ty1 9 respect ( circum/ances1 be+ all[$ to p>5ts 9 reg>d to _! daught]s z has be5 grant$ to !m ) _! sons1 ! same consid]ation be+ _h = _! fitness ( m9d & body1 & ! same c>e be+ tak5 = suitable physical ex]cise to fur!r _! heal? & /r5g?1 ,i consid] ! same "t ( beg9n+ prop] = bo?--a "t n to be :olly det]m9$ by ye>s1 b r by _! developm5t z %[n by _! ability to use _! intellig5ce )\t tir+1 & to "w )\t we>y+ _! bodies4 ,= ?\gh girls seem g5]ally to h a quick] rip5+ ( intellig5ce ?an boys1 9 spite ( appe>ances ?is is n ! case4 ,?r\gh natural weakness !y _c conta9 long :at !y possess1 & s give x out v soon2 yet !re are prat+ boys j z !re are prattl+ w5*es4 ,besides1 _! bra9s are n s mu* lad5 z ^? ( boys1 ei!r z reg>ds am\nt or v>iety1 & !re=e l empty casks !y make ! great] noise4 ,9 ! same way ^? m5 :o seem to be v quickwitt$ by "s sudd5 pretty answ] or "s %>p rep>tee1 are n always mo/ burd5$ ) le>n+1 b m]ely (f] ! be/ out ( a small /ore1 tak+ aft] _! mo!rs4 ,?\gh !y mu/ ( c\rse possess ?is %>pness ( wit s9ce x manife/s itself1 yet x might dwell )9 !m a great :ile )\t manife/+ itself1 if /udy kept !m quiet1 or !y 7 preoccupi$ ) great de$s4 ,x is small affairs1 urg+ to spe$y expression1 t beget t k9d ( read9ess4 ,boys h x always b (t5 hide x because !y c af=d to wait2 girls h x always & always %[ x1 because !y are 9 a great] hurry4 ,& see+ x is to be f\nd 9 bo?1 x des]ves c>e 9 bo?1 s t !y %\ld nei!r be pu%$ on too mu* nor all[$ to be idle too long4 ,maid5s are naturally weak] 9 body1 !re=e m att5tion mu/ be paid to !m 9 ?is reg>d ?an is necess>y = boys4 ,!y are to be ! pr9cipal pill>s 9 ! uphold+ ( h\seholds1 & s !y are likely to prove if _! tra9+ be wise4 ,!y w be ! de>e/ com=t a man c h if !y incl9e to good1 ! greate/ curse1 if !y tread awry4 ,!re=e !y are to be w>ily t5d$1 z !y be> a jewel ( su* wor? 9 a vessel ( su* weakness4 ,all %\ld h ,elem5t>y ,education4 ,! r>e excell5ces 9 "s wom5 _c be tak5 z a prec$5t = all to foll[1 z !y only %[ u ! special success t a few p>5ts h atta9$ 9 _! daught]s' upbr++4 ,^! %9+ examples1 h[ev]1 ?\gh !y _c be us$ to =m g5]al precepts1 are at lea/ pro(s t wom5 c le>n if !y w1 & may le>n :at !y please1 if !y l5d _! m9ds to x4 ,to le>n to read is v common :]e x is conv5i5t1 & writ+ is n refus$1 :]e opportunity s]ves4 ,read+1 ev5 if x 7 ( no o!r use1 is v ne$ful = religion1 to enable !m to "k :at !y ought to p]=m1 if !y h none :om !y c li/5 to1 or if _! memories are n /eadfa/1 to refre% !m4 ,"h ,i may n omit _m great pleasures :i* ^? wom5 t h "t & skill to read1 )\t h9d]+ _! h\sewif]y1 d cont9ually receive by read+ com=t+ & wise disc\rses1 p5n$ ei!r 9 ! =m ( hi/ory or directions to live by4 ,z = writ+1 ?\gh x may be abus$1 x is (t5 v conv5i5t1 especially 9 matt]s ( bus9ess4 ,music is v desirable = maid5s :]e x is to be _h1 ?\gh *iefly = ! satisfaction ( ! p>5ts :5 ! daught]s are "y1 z is g5]ally %[n :5 ! "y w5*es become "y wives1 & 9 le>n+ to be mo!rs1 lightly =get _! music1 ?us prov+ t !y /udi$ x m to please _! p>5ts ?an !mselves4 ,b if hav+ be5 once le>n$1 x c be kept up1 z is q possible ) prop] managem5t1 x is a pity to let x g1 z x 0 acquir$ only ) great pa9s & at consid]able co/4 ,le>n+ to s+ & play f ! notes is easy en\gh1 if x be att5d$ to f ! fir/1 & ?is c be kept up too1 ?\gh x suff]s f discont9uance4 ,see+ x is b little t girls c le>n1 ! "t be+ s %ort1 because !y are always 9 ha/e to get husb&s1 x is exp$i5t t :at !y d %\ld be done p]fectly1 s t ) ! loss ( _! p5ny !y d n lose _! p5nywor? also4 ,z = skill 9 ne$lework & h\sewif]y1 x is a great recomm5dation 9 a woman to be able to gov]n & direct h] h\sehold1 to look to h] home & family1 to provide & take c>e ( necess>ies1 al?\gh ! good-man pay1 to "k ! res\rces ( h] kit*5 9 reg>d to all ov] :om %e has *>ge1 9 sickness & 9 heal?4 ,b ,i m$dle n ) ?is z ,i am only deal+ ) ?+s t are incid5t to le>n+4 ,i h n[ spok5 ( all ! subjects t %\ld univ]sally be taught to girls4 ,high] ,/udies = ,"s4 ,! "q z to h[ f> any maid5 may proce$ 9 le>n+ beyond ! subjects already spok5 ( requires m consid]ation & m c>eful h&l+ z x is a matt] ( "s mom5t conc]n+ ^? 9 high position4 ,& yet !re are "s ( l[ degree t seek to resemble ^? above !m1 & are satisfi$ ev5 ) an appe>ance ( imitation1 b 9 s do+ !y are pass+ ! b\nds ( :at is beseem+ to _! bir?4 ,x is m]e folly :5 a p>5t ( humble /ation tra9e? up 8 daught] 9 ^! high accompli%m5ts1 ( :i* ,i %all pres5tly speak1 if %e m>ries 9 h] own l[ly rank4 ,= 9 su* a case ^! gifts w seem s out ( place t %e w n ga9 ! respect t is paid to "o :o has be5 wisely br\ght up1 b w r be accus$ ( va9 presumption4 ,ea* rank has a c]ta9 prep>ation becom+ to x1 :i* is be/ secur$ :5 !re is no attempt to ov]/ret* "o's p[]s4 ,if "s unusual capacity atta9 success beyond expectation1 x is g5]ally a m>k$ exception1 & :oev] %oots at ! same m>k1 9 ! hope ( hitt+1 may soon] miss1 = !re are _m *ances ( miss+ to "o ( hitt+1 & wond]s t are se5 only once are no examples to imitate4 ,e maid may n hope to spe$ z %e w\ld wi%1 because "o ha? sp$ bett] ?an %e c\ld h wi%$4 ,:5 ! "q is h[ mu* a woman ought to le>n1 ! answ] may be1 8z mu* z %all be ne$ful10 & if ?is is d\btful also1 ! reply may be1 ei!r z mu* z befits :at h] p>5ts hope to obta9 = h]1 if _! position be humble1 or z mu* z is 9 keep+ ) ! prospects naturally belong+ to _! rank1 if t rank be high4 ,if ! p>5ts be ( good /&+1 & ! daught]s h special aptitudes1 ^! may be successfully cultivat$1 s t ! "y maid5s are v soon comm5d$ to "r hon\rable mat*es 9 :i* _! accompli%m5ts w be seemly & s]viceable1 b5efitt+ p]haps ! commonweal? z well z _! own families4 ,if ! p>5ts be ( humble rank1 & ! maid5s 9 _! education %[ f ! v fir/ "s special gifts t (f] good promise1 ev5 ) natural progress1 !re is gr\nd = hope t _! unusual qualities may br+ !m to "s great mat*4 ,d\btless ?is hope may fail1 = great p]sonages h n always ! good judgm5t1 nor "y maid5s ! good =tune1 t w\ld lead to su* a result1 yet 9 any case ! maid5s w\ld rema9 ! ga9]s1 = !y at lea/ h _! gifts to com=t _! m$iocre /ation1 & ^? great p]sonages lose f ! lack ( judgm5t to set =? _! nobility4 ,:at ,high] ,/udies are ,suitable4 ,c>ry+ ! education fur!r may consi/ ei!r 9 p]fect+ ! f\r /udies already m5tion$1 read+ well1 writ+ neatly1 s++ sweetly1 & play+ f9ely1 to su* an unusual degree1 t ?\gh ! ?+s are b ord9>y1 special excell5ce 9 !m may br+ m ?an ord9>y admiration1 or else 9 acquir+ skill 9 languages 9 addition to ! above1 s t ! abundance ( gifts may cause yet m wond]4 ,i fe> wom5 w\ld h little turn = geometry or ! si/] sci5ces1 nor w\ld ,i make !m ma!maticians1 except 9 s f> z !y /udy music1 nor lawy]s to plead at ! b>1 nor physicians1 ?\gh skill 9 h]bs has be5 mu* comm5d$ 9 wom51 nor w\ld ,i h !m pr(ess div9ity1 to prea* 9 pulpits1 ?\gh !y mu/ practice x z virtu\s liv]s4 ,philosophy w\ld help !m 9 g5]al disc\rse1 if !y _h leisure to /udy x1 b ! k ( "s tongues1 ei!r z ! vehicle ( deep] le>n+1 or = _! imm$iate uses1 may well be wi%$ = !m1 & all ^? p[]s also t belong to ! furniture ( spee*4 ,if ,i %\ld all[ !m ! p5cil to draw1 z well z ! p5 to write1 & !reby entitle !m to all my elem5t>y /udies1 ,i might h good reasons to give4 ,= "y maid5s are ready en\gh to take to x1 & x w\ld help to beautify _! ne$lework4 ,& is n a "y g5tlewoman1 ?9k y1 ?or\ghly well equipp$ :o c read di/9ctly1 write neatly & swiftly1 s+ sweetly1 & play & draw well1 und]/& & speak ! le>n$ languages1 z well z ! mod]n tongues approv$ by h] "t & c\ntry1 & :o has "s k ( logic & rhetoric1 besides ! in=mation acquir$ 9 h] /udy ( =eign languages8 ,if 9 addition to all ?is %e be an hone/ woman & a good h\sewife1 w\ld %e n be wor? wi%+ = & wor? en%r9+8 ,& is x likely t h] *ildr5 w be "o :it ! worse br\ght up8 ,:o %\ld be _! ,tea*]s4 ,! only o!r "q 9 reg>d to "y maid5s is :]e1 & "u :om1 !y %\ld le>n1 & ?is dep5ds on h[ long _! /udies c ext5d1 :i* is g5]ally till !y are ab\t ?irte5 or f\rte5 ye>s old4 ,^? :o are able to cont9ue long] h _! "t & place suitably appo9t$1 accord+ to ! circum/ances ( _! p>5ts4 ,z = _! tea*]s1 _! own sex 7 fitte/ 9 "s respects1 b ours frame !m be/1 & ) good reg>d to "s circum/ances1 w br+ !m up excell5tly well1 especially if ! p>5ts co-op]ate by ex]cis+ a wise control ov] !m4 ,! great]-born ladies & g5tlem51 z !y are to enjoy ! b5efit ( ?is education mo/1 s !y h ! be/ means ( prosecut+ x1 be+ able to secure ! be/ tea*]s1 & n be+ limit$ 9 "t4 ,& s ,i take my leave ( "y maid5s & g5tlewom51 to :om ,i wi% z well z ,i h said well ( !m4 ,! ,education ( ,"y ,g5tlem54 ,"u my la/ head+ ,i set =? at l>ge h[ "y maid5s 7 to be advanc$ 9 le>n+ accord+ to _! rank1 :i* me?\ght 0 v incid5t to my purpose1 because !y are c\nt]bran*es to u z mortal & reasonable creatures1 & also because !y are always our mates1 & may sometimes1 accord+ to law & bir?1 be our mi/resses4 ,n[1 consid]+ t !y are always closely connect$ ) u1 & sometimes exce$ u 9 dignity ( position1 z !y %>e ) u all qualities1 & all hon\rs ev5 up to ! sceptre1 :y %\ld !y n also %>e 9 our tra9+ & education1 s t !y may p]=m well ! "p :i* !y h to play1 :e!r x be 9 a position ( equality ) u1 or sov]eignity above u8 ,"h n[ ensue? ano!r "q ( great importance 9 reg>d to ! k9d ( p :o are to be dealt )1 ! "q ( a class ^: position is always 9 ! sup]lative1 & ( :om great ?+s are expect$1 ?\gh sometimes by _! own fault !y =feit _! *ances1 & h& !m ov] to o!rs :om nature ennobles ?r\gh _! inborn virtues--,i mean "y g5tlem5 ( all ranks up to ! cr[n itself4 ,x is ! cu/om among ^? ( good bir? to pref] to h _! sons educat$ privately at home r ?an at s*ool4 ,?is is reasonable en\gh = maid5s because ( _! sex1 b "y g5tlem5 %\ld be educat$ publicly1 t !y may h ! b5efit ( mix+ ) o!rs1 z has be5 ! cu/om 9 all ! be/ ord]$ commonweal?s1 & has be5 recomm5d$ by all ! mo/ le>n$ writ]s1 ev5 9 ! case ( pr9ces4 ,private & ,public ,education4 ,:at is ! import ( ^! two words #8private education'8 ,private is t :i* ha? respect 9 all circum/ances to "s p>ticul> case2 public 9 all circum/ances reg>de? e "o alike4 ,education is ! br++ up ( "o1 n to live alone1 b among/ o!rs1 because company is our natural m$ium2 :]eby he %all be be/ able to p]=m all ^? functions 9 life :i* 8 position %all require1 :e!r public or private1 9 ! int]e/ ( 8 c\ntry 9 :i* he 0 born1 & to :i* he owes 8 :ole s]vice4 ,all ^! functions are 9 reality public1 & conc]n ev]yone1 ev5 :5 !y seem mo/ private1 because individual ends mu/ be adju/$ to wid] social ends2 & yet p give ! pref]5ce to private education :]e all ! circum/ances are peculi> to "o le>n]2 z if he :o 0 br\ght up alone 7 always to live alone1 or z if "o %\ld say1 #8,i w h y to deal ) all1 b nev] to see all2 y\r end %all be public1 b y\r means %all be private4' ,h[ c education be private8 ,x is an abuse ( ! "n z well z ( ! ?+4 ,?is isolation1 = a pret5d$ advantage 9 education1 ( ^? :o mu/ aft]w>ds pass on toge!r1 is v mis*iev\s1 z x all[s e p>5t to foll[ out 8 own :ims1 rely+ on ! privacy ( 8 own h\se to be free f criticism1 on ! subs]vi5cy ( ! tea*] :om he may *oose to suit 8 own purposes1 & on ! submission ( 8 *ild :o is b\nd to obey him on pa9 ( meet+ 8 displeasure4 ,9 public s*ools su* sw]v+ f :at is g5]ally approv$ is impossible4 ,! ma/] is always 9 ! public eye1 :at he tea*es is kn[n to all2 ! *ild is n alone1 & he le>ns only :at has be5 submitt$ to ! judgm5t ( ! community4 ,:atev] inconv5i5ces may be insep>able f s*ools1 /ill great] arise 9 private education4 ,x puffs up ! recluse ) pride2 x is an enemy to sympa?y betwe5 ^? :o h unequal opportunities2 x fo/]s self-conceit 9 ! abs5ce ( comp>ison ) o!rs2 x enc\rages contempt 9 ! sup]ior1 & envy 9 ! inf]ior4 ,?is k9d ( education :i* s[e? ! se$ ( diss5sion by discov]+ diff]5ces1 :]e ! fruits ( a common upbr++ %\ld be se5 9 ! firm knitt+ ( social bonds1 %\ld be disc\rag$ ow+ to its effect 9 in/ill+ ! poison ( spite4 ,c]ta9ly ! ?+ do? naturally t5d ?is way1 ?\gh its influ5ce may be (t5 int]rupt$ 9 "t by ! pressure ( public op9ion4 ,b if ! *ild turn out bett] !n ,i h =eca/1 & %[ himself c\rte\s1 x w be due to 8 natural goodness1 or to 8 exp]i5ce outside1 n to ! k9d ( education :i* br+s no su* c\rtesy1 ?\gh ! *ild may see x 9 8 p>5ts1 & read ( x 9 8 books4 ,sometimes x make? him too %eepi%ly ba%ful :5 he comes to ! light1 ow+ to 8 be+ unaccu/om$ to company4 ,m commonly1 h[ev]1 he is too *ildi%ly bold ?r\gh not+ no?+ except :at he bre$s 9 8 own m9d 9 8 solit>y tra9+1 :]e he ?9ks only ( himself1 & has none to control him1 n ev5 8 ma/]1 :atev] %[ !re may be ( ob$i5ce to au?ority 9 ?is private cloi/]+4 ,surely x is reasonable = "o 9 8 *ildhood to become acqua9t$ ) o!r *ildr51 see+ he has to live ) !m z m5 9 8 manhood4 ,is x good = ! ord9>y man to be br\ght up on a well-regulat$ public sy/em1 & n good = ! man ( high] position8 ,by #8private' ,i d n mean :at is done at home = public uses--9 t case almo/ ev]y?+ might be call$ private--b :at is kept at home by pref]5ce1 9 ord] to s]ve ! bett] ! int]e/ ( a p>ticul> individual4 ,x w\ld seem to be g5]ally a "q n ( ! matt] or ! me?od ( education1 b ( ! select privacy ( ! place :]e x is giv54 ,i mu/ beg leave to say t ! results are 9 fav\r ( public tra9+1 :i* f ! mid/ ( m$iocrity br+s up s*ol>s ( su* excell5ce t !y take a wor?y place 9 all ranks1 ev5 next to ! highe/1 :]eas private education ) all its advantages ( weal?1 do? r>ely %[ any?+ 9 le>n+ & judgm5t above b>e m$iocrity4 ,!re is no comp>ison betwe5 ! two k9ds1 if prejudice be set aside4 ,if ! privately-taught pupil *ance to come to speak1 x mo/ly falle? out dream+ly1 because seclusion 9 education is a puni%m5t to ! tongue2 & 9 tea*+ a language to exclude companions to speak to1 is l seek+ to qu5* ?ir/1 yet clos+ ! m\? s t no moi/ure c get 94 ,if su* a pupil come to write1 x is lean1 & no?+ b sk91 betray+ ! great pa9s ! ma/] ha? _h to take1 9 default ( any help+ circum/ances ?r\gh ! pupil's int]c\rse ) companions4 ,! boy c b repeat :at he he>s1 & he he>s only "o p]son :o1 ?\gh he knew ev]y?+1 _c say mu*1 = he ha? no suffici5t audi5ce to provoke him to utt]ance4 ,if ! ma/] made an ef=t to deliv] himself ( any?+ weighty1 me?9ks an unobs]v$ li/5] w\ld he> a /range disc\rse1 & w\ld f9d ! boy asleep2 or1 if he _h a companion1 play+ ) 8 h&s or feet "u ! table1 ) "o eye on 8 talk+ ma/] & ! o!r on 8 playmate4 ,b :y is private education s mu* 9 vogue8 ,!re may be "s excuse = ^? ( v high position1 especially = ! pr9ce himself1 :o /&+ alone1 _c well mix ) 8 subjects1 & mu/ d :at he c to surpass !m )\t ?is advantage4 ,yet if ev5 ! greate/ c\ld h 8 education s arrang$ t he might h ! company ( a good *oice numb]1 :]e9 to see all ! diff]5ces ( capacity & le>n to judge ( all1 z he ha? aft]w>ds to deal ) all1 w\ld x be any sacrilege8 ,b :y d ! g5try 9 ?is respect r ape _! sup]iors 9 rank1 ?an foll[ ! class bel[1 :o are really lik] to !m1 & :o =m ! *ief support]s ( ! ,/ate8 ,to h ! *ild le>n bett] mann]s & h m virtu\s surr\nd+s6 ,z bad at home z outside2 evil mann]s are br\ght into s*ool1 n br$ !re4 ,to avoid ! di/raction ( l>ge numb]s8 ,! *ild %all notice ! m1 & s prove ! wis]1 ! multitude ( examples (f]+ ! means ( s\nd judgm5t4 ,nay1 9 a numb]1 ?\gh he f9d "s undesirable1 :om he %\ld avoid1 he %all f9d _m apt & indu/ri\s1 :om to foll[4 ,9 s*ool1 moreov]1 he %all p]ceive t vice is puni%$1 & virtue prais$1 z ne$s mu/ :]e all is done 9 ! public view4 ,is x to keep ! *ild 9 heal? by mak+ him bide at home1 = fe> ( infection outside8 ,dea? is )9 doors also1 & da9ties at home h de/roy$ m *ildr5 ?an dang]s outside4 ,is x f affection1 because ye _c be> to let ! *ild out ( y\r pres5ce8 ,t is too fooli%4 ,emulation is a great inspir] ( virtue4 ,if y\r *ild d well at home alone1 h[ mu* bett] w\ld he d ) company8 ,x quick5s ! spirits1 & enliv5s ! :ole nature1 to h to compete ) o!rs--to h p]haps "o companion ahead ( him to foll[ & le>n f1 ano!r bel[ him to tea* & vaunt ov]1 & a ?ird ( 8 own /&+ ) :om to /rive = praise ( =w>dness4 ,to sum up ?is "q1 ,i d take public education to be bett] ?an private1 z be+ m ^u ! /age1 :]e faults are m readily se5 & s are soon] am5d$1 & z be+ ! be/ means ( acquir+ bo? virtue & le>n+1 :i* fl\ri% accord+ to _! fir/ plant+4 ,:at virtue is private8 ,wisdom1 to =esee :at is good = a des]t8 ,c\rage1 to def5d :]e !re is no assailant8 ,temp]ance1 to be mode/ :]e !re is none to *all5ge8 ,ju/ice1 to d "r :5 !re is none to dem& x8 ,:at %\ld a ,g5tleman le>n8 ,z = ! education ( g5tlem51 at :at age %all ,i sugge/ t !y %\ld beg9 to le>n8 ,_! m9ds are ! same z ^? ( ! common p1 & _! bodies are (t5 worse4 ,! same consid]ations 9 reg>d to "t mu/ apply to all ranks4 ,:at %\ld !y le>n8 ,i "k ( no?+ else1 nor c ,i sugge/ any?+ bett]1 ?an :at ,i h already sugge/$ = all4 ,only "y g5tlem5 mu/ h "s special /udies t w help !m to gov]n "u _! pr9ce 9 positions ( tru/4 ,!y %\ld h always be=e !m ! virtues t belong to ! gov]nm5t ( o!rs1 & to ! wise direction ( _! own conduct4 ,h[ev]1 ! g5]al matt] ( duty be+ taught to all1 ea* "o may apply x to 8 own p>ticul> case1 )\t ! ne$ = any special ref]5ce outside ! ord9>y s*ool c\rse1 especially see+ t ! duties ( gov]nm5t j z (t5 fall into ! h&s ( ^? ( l[] rank ^: virtue & capacity w9 !m promotion4 ,:at ex]cises %all "y g5tlem5 h8 ,! v same z o!r *ildr54 ,:at ma/]s8 ,! same4 ,:at diff]5ce ( arrangem5ts8 ,all "o & ! same1 except :]e private education is pref]r$1 ?\gh1 z ,i h said1 !y are none ! bett] = ! want ( good fell[%ip4 ,& if !y are z well taught & z well ex]cis$ z %\ld foll[ f ! g5]al plan laid d[n = all "y *ildr51 !y %all h no cause to compla9 ( public education4 ,= x is no mean /uff :i* is provid$ ev5 = ! meane/ to be /or$ )4 ,! *ildr5 ( g5tlem5 h great advantages1 :i* !y may ?ank ,god =2 !y c c>ry on _! education to ! end1 :]eas ^? ( ! humbl] class h to give x up soon]1 & !y h _m opportunities :i* are d5i$ to ord9>y le>n]s4 ,if !y fail to use ^! advantages aright !y are all ! m to blame1 j z ! great] cr$it is due to ^? :o 9 spite ( h9drances make su* advancem5t t !y w9 ! pref]m5ts =feit$ by ! neglig5ce ( ^? to :om !y naturally belong4 ,z = ri* m51 :o n be+ ( g5tle bir?1 b gr[+ to weal? by "s means or o!r1 imitate g5tlem5 9 ! education ( _! *ildr51 z if money made equality1 & ! purse 7 ! gr\nd ( pref]m5t1 )\t any o!r consid]ation1 :o contemn ! l[] ranks f :i* !y sprang1 & cloi/] up _! *ildr5 z a support to _! position1 !y are 9 ! same case z reg>ds fre$om ( *oice1 b f> beh9d 9 true g5tility4 ,z !y 7 ( l[] condition !mselves1 !y might ) m acceptance cont9ue _! *ildr5 9 ! same k9d ( tra9+ :i* br\ght up ! p>5ts & made !m s weal?y1 & n try to pu% !mselves into a rank too f> beyond _! humble orig94 ,= ( all ! means to make a g5tleman1 money is ! mo/ vile4 ,all o!r means h "s sign ( virtue1 b ?is is too bad to mate ei!r ) high bir?1 or ) great wor?4 ,= to become a g5tleman is to be> ! cognisance ( virtue1 to :i* hon\r is companion2 ! vile/ devices are ! readie/ means to become mo/ weal?y & ought n to look hon\r 9 ! face4 ,x may be pret5d$ t intellig5ce & capacity h enabl$ !m to make _! way1 b x is n d5i$ t ^! qualities may be turn$ to ! wor/ uses1 may only once 9 a ?\s& times make a g5tleman4 ,x is n intellig5ce t des]ves praise1 b ! matt] to :i* x has be5 direct$1 & ! mann] 9 :i* x has be5 employ$4 ,:5 x is be/[$ wisely on ! good ( ! community1 x des]ve? all praise2 if devot$ :olly to fill+ a private purse1 )\t reg>d to ! means1 s long z no?+ evil is disclos$1 !n x des]ve? no praise = ! result1 b r suspicion z to ! me?od ( br++ x ab\t4 ,^! p 9 _! bus9ess w n scruple to br+ pov]ty to ?\s&s1 & = giv+ a p5ny to "o ( ^! ?\s&s !y w be acc\nt$ *>itable4 ,!y w give a s*ol> "s pretty exhibition1 9 ord] to seem religi\s1 & "u a sl5d] veil ( c\nt]feit lib]ality w hide ! spoil ( ransack$ pov]ty4 ,& ?\gh !y d n pr(ess to be impov]i%+ p ( set purpose1 yet _! k9d ( deal+ do? pi]ce z x passe?4 ,b ( ^! k9d ( folks ,i int5d n to speak4 ,my purpose is to employ my pa9s ^u su* z are g5tlem5 inde$4 ,yet x is wor? t gives "n & note to nobility2 x is virtue t mu/ end[ x1 or vice w undo x4 ,z ,i wi% well to ?is class1 s ,i wi% _! education to be good1 & if x 7 possible1 ev5 bett] ?an t ( ord9>y p4 ,b t _c be1 = ! common tra9+1 if x be well appo9t$1 is ! be/ & fitte/ = !m1 especially z !y may h x 9 full1 :ile ^? ( mean] rank h to be cont5t ) x incomplete4 ,:at makes a ,g5tleman4 ,be=e ,i ent] ^u ! tra9+ ( g5tlem5 & %[ :at is specially suitable = !m1 ,i w exam9e ^? po9ts :i* are be/ got by good education1 & be+ once got d adorn !m mo/1 :i* two consid]ations are n =eign to my purpose4 ,i mu/ fir/ ask :at x is to be a g5tleman or a nobleman1 & :at qualities ^! t]ms assume to be pres5t 9 ! p]sons ( ^? to :om !y are appli$1 & aft]w>ds1 :at are ! causes & uses ( g5tility1 & ! reasons :y x is s highly ?\ght (4 ,b ere ,i beg9 to deal ) any ( ^! po9ts1 once = all ,i mu/ recomm5d to ^? ( g5tle bir? ex]cise ( ! body1 & *iefly su* k9ds z besides b5efit+ _! heal? %all be/ s]ve _! call+ & place 9 _! c\ntry4 ,j z ^? qualities :i* ,i h set =? = ! g5]al tra9+1 be+ mo/ easily compass$ 9 _! p]fection by !m1 may v well beseem a g5tlemanly m9d1 s may ! physical ex]cises )\t exception be f\nd useful1 ei!r to make a heal?y body1 see+ t our con/itution is all ! same1 or to prep>e !m = su* occupations z belong to _! position4 ,is x n = a g5tleman to foll[ ! *ase & to hunt8 ,do? _! place reprove !m if !y h skill to dance8 ,is skill 9 sitt+ a horse no hon\r at home1 no help abroad8 ,is ! use ( a weapon suitable to _! call+ any blemi% to !m8 ,inde$ ^? great ex]cises are mo/ prop] to su* p]sons & are n = ^? ( mean] rank4 ,:at is x !n to be a nobleman or a g5tleman8 ,! p ( ?is c\ntry are ei!r g5tlem5 or ( ! commonalty4 ,! latt] is divid$ into ^? :o are engag$ 9 trade1 & ^? :o "w ) _! h&s4 ,_! di/9ction is by weal?1 = "s ( !m1 :o h en\gh & m1 are call$ ri* m51 "s :o h no m ?an en\gh1 poor m51 & "s :o h less ?an en\gh1 begg>s4 ,!re are also ?ree ranks 9 g5tility1 ! g5tlem51 :o are ! cream ( ! common p1 ! noblem51 :o are ! fl[] ( g5tility1 & ! pr9ce1 :o is ! primate & pe>l ( nobility4 ,_! diff]5ce is 9 au?ority1 ! pr9ce hav+ mo/1 ! nobleman com+ next1 & ! g5tlem5 "u bo?4 ,to be virtu\s or vici\s1 to be ri* or poor1 are no peculi> badge ( ei!r k9d2 a g5tleman or a common man may alike be virtu\s or vici\s1 ri* or poor1 ) l& or )\t x4 ,b z ! g5tleman 9 any position mu/ h ! p[] ( ex]cis+ 8 lawful au?ority !re are "s virtues t seem to belong to him specially1 su* z wisdom 9 policy1 val\r 9 execution1 ju/ice 9 =m+ decisions1 mode/y 9 demean\r4 ,:e!r g5tility come by desc5t or des]t makes no diff]5ce2 he t give? fame to 8 family fir/1 or he t des]ve? su* hon\r1 or he t adds to 8 h]itage by noble means1 is ! man :om ,i mean4 ,he t cont9ue? :at he receiv$ ?r\gh desc5t f 8 ance/ry1 by des]t 9 8 own p]son1 ha? mu* to ?ank ,god =1 & do? well des]ve d\ble hon\r among m51 z be>+ ! true coat ( arms ( ! be/ nobility1 :5 des]t = virtue is qu>t]$ ) desc5t 9 blood1 see+ t anci5t l9eage & inh]itance ( nobility are 9 su* cr$it among u1 & always h be54 ,z g5tility argue? a c\rte\s1 civil1 well-dispos$1 sociable con/itution ( m9d 9 a sup]ior degree1 s do? nobility imply all ^! & mu* m1 9 a high] rank ) great] au?ority4 ,& d n ^! di/9ctive qualities des]ve help by good & virtu\s education8 ,le>n+ useful to ,noblem54 ,excell5t wisdom1 :i* is ! means ( advanc+ grave & politic c\nsellors1 is b a s+le cause ( pref]m5t2 likewise val\r1 :i* is ! means ( mak+ a noble & gallant capta91 is b a s+le cause ( advancem5t2 b :]e ^! two qualities1 wisdom & c\rage1 are comb9$ 9 ! same man1 ! m]it is d\bl$4 ,! means ( pref]m5t :i* dep5d ^u le>n+ are ei!r m>tial1 = w> & def5ce 9 relation to =eign c\ntries1 or political1 = peace & tranquillity at home4 ,! w>rior seems to dep5d mo/ on 8 p]sonal c\rage & exp]i5ce1 :i* )\t any le>n+ or read+ at all1 h (t5 br\ght =? excell5t lead]s1 b ) ^? helps 9 addition produce mo/ r>e & fam\s g5]als4 ,^? :o use ! p5 mo/ 9 tak+ "p 9 ! direction ( public gov]nm5t1 or 9 fill+ ! necess>y (fices 9 ! adm9i/rative or judicial s]vice ( ! ,/ate1 = ! common peace & quietness1 )\t pr(ession ( fur!r le>n+1 ?\gh !y h _! *ief in/rum5t ( cr$it f books1 are n debtors to book-k only1 because indu/ry1 exp]i5ce1 & discretion h mu* to d ) _! success4 ,x is ^? :o dep5d :olly ^u le>n+ t ,i am mo/ conc]n$ )1 :5 ,i ask h[ g5tlem5 %\ld be tra9$ to h !m le>n$4 ,! highe/ position to :i* le>n$ val\r do? give advancem5t1 is t ( a wise c\nsellor1 ! fruit ( ^: le>n+ is policy1 n 9 ! limit$ s5se :]e x is oppos$ to /raight=w>dness1 b 9 ! philosophical s5se1 z mean+ ! g5]al skill to judge ?+s rightly1 to see !m 9 _! due proportions1 to adapt !m to any giv5 circum/ances1 ) z little di/urbance z possible to exi/+ arrangem5ts1 :e!r x be 9 matt]s religi\s or secul>1 public or private1 pr(essional or indu/rial4 ,su* a man is1 9 ! sph]e ( religion1 a div9e :o is able to judge s\ndly ( ! g5]al pr9ciples & applications ( div9ity2 9 ! sph]e ( gov]nm5t1 a lawy] :o makes ! laws 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 & kn[s be/ h[ to h !m kept2 9 %ort he is ! man1 :e!r he be conc]n$ ) ecclesia/ical or temporal affairs1 & :atev] 8 rank or 8 pr(ession may be1 :o is mo/ s\nd & able1 & suffici5t 9 all po9ts4 ,& ?\gh ! speciali/ may "k m ?an he 9 any p>ticul> matt] :i* he has n leisure to get up ?or\ghly himself1 yet he w be able to make su* skilful & me?odical enquiries ( ! special /ud5t t he w probe 8 k to ! bottom1 & !n h&le ! mat]ial he ga9s to bett] purpose ?an ! o!r c\ld ) all 8 s*ol>%ip4 ,( all ^? t dep5d ^u le>n+ ,i hold ?is k9d ( man wor?ie/ to be pref]r$1 9 div9ity a *ief among div9es1 ?\gh he d n prea*1 9 law1 ! fir/ ( lawy]s1 ?\gh he d n plead1 & simil>ly 9 all ! o!r dep>tm5ts ( public direction4 ,b :]e=e is all ?is8 ,to %[ h[ necess>y a ?+ x is to h "y g5tlem5 well br\ght up4 ,= if ^! causes d make ! man ( mean bir? noble1 :at w !y d 9 him ^: hon\r is augm5t$ ) p]petual increase1 if he add p]sonal wor? to 8 nobility 9 blood8 ,:]e=e ! necessity ( ! tra9+ be+ evid5tly s great1 ,i w h&le t z well z ,i c1 by way ( g5]al precept1 ) ref]5ce to ^? ^: wisdom is _! weight1 le>n+ _! l9e1 ju/ice _! balance1 hon\r _! arm\r1 & all ! diff]5t virtues _! greate/ ornam5ts 9 ! eyes ( all m54 ,c\rse ( ,/udy = a ,g5tleman4 ,z ,i h already said1 ,i "k no bett] tra9+ = ! g5tleman ?an t :i* is provid$ "u prop] conditions = ! ord9>y man2 b :ile ! latt] le>ns fir/ = necessity1 & aft]w>ds = advancem5t1 ! great] p]sonage ought to /udy = 8 cr$it & hon\r z well4 ,= :i* be g5tlemanly accompli%m5ts1 if ^! be n--to read1 to write1 to draw1 to s+1 to play1 to h language & le>n+1 heal? & activity1 nay1 ev5 to pr(ess ,div9ity1 ,law1 ,m$ic9e1 or any o!r wor?y occupation8 ,^! ?+s a g5tleman ha? mo/ leisure to acquire1 & n be+ too mu* "u ! spur ( necessity he c practise !m ) uprightness4 ,^! s-call$ 8lib]al0 pr(essions are too commonly n[ 9 ! h&s ( mean] m51 :o make a trade ( _! high call+1 & only seek to enri* !mselves4 ,do? ,div9ity tea* to scrape1 or ,law to scrat*1 or any o!r k9d ( le>n+ to :i* ! epi!t 8lib]al0 is appli$8 ,! practice ( ^! call+s crie? = help to ransom x f ! pressure ( selfi% ne$s to :i* x ha? fall5 a prey1 ow+ to ! indiff]5ce ( ! nobility1 :o ?9k any?+ f> m seemly to be/[ _! "t & weal? ^u ?an ! le>n$ pr(essions4 ,b if "y g5tlem5 ( p>ts w\ld be pleas$ to be s well affect$ t[>d _! c\ntry z to %\ld] out m]c5>y pr(essional m5 by !mselves tak+ _! places1 h[ =tunate x w\ld be = ! c\ntry1 & = ! "y g5tlem5 z well6 ,en\gh might be sp>$ = su* employm5t )\t unduly less5+ ! numb]s t fill ! c\rt & c>ry on milit>y & judicial functions only too abundantly4 ,if ! w>like g5tlem5 betook !mselves to arms & paid m att5tion to ex]cise1 & if ! m peacefully-incl9$ took _! books & fell to le>n+1 recall+ by dilig5ce ^? faculties :i* !y h = s long all[$ to run wa/e1 %\ld n ! *ange be welcom$8 ,?is 7 bett] ?an va9 fopp]y & travell+ ab\t4 ,=eign ,travel4 ,:at is ?is travell+8 ,i d n ask 9 reg>d to m]*ants1 :om necessity obliges to travel & to t>ry long f home = ! sake ( _! own trade & (t5 ( our b5efit1 nor 9 reg>d to soldi]s1 :o :5 !re is peace at home mu/ g abroad to le>n 9 =eign w>s h[ to def5d _! c\ntry :5 x is necess>y4 ,nor d ,i ref] to su* travell]s z ,solon1 or ,py?agoras1 or ,plato1 :o s\ght k :]e x 01 9 ord] to br+ x :]e x 0 n4 ,we h no ne$ to travel 9 se>* ( le>n+ z !y did4 ,we h at ?is day1 ?anks to pr9t+1 z mu* ( t z any c\ntry ne$s to h1--nay1 z mu* z ! anci5t _w ev] possess$1 if we w\ld use x aright4 ,& "y g5tlem51 if !y made ! be/ use ( _! weal?1 might procure & ma9ta9 su* excell5t ma/]s & companions & libr>ies1 t !y might acquire all ! be/ le>n+ f> bett] by /udy+ quietly at home ?an by /irr+ ab\t1 if ! desire = k 7 ! cause ( _! travell+4 ,& ?is excuse is made ev5 by p ( mean] rank1 :o love to look abroad = in/ruction t !y c\ld get q well at home f compet5t p]sons :o nev] cross$ ! seas4 ,if !re be defects 9 our own c\ntry1 !y c be rem$i$ out ( our own res\rces by giv+ good he$ to ! matt]1 )\t ! ne$ ( borr[+ f o!r l&s4 ,:at1 !n1 is travel1 int]rupt+ education z x does1 & rais+ ! "q :e!r "y g5tlem5 9 *oos+ x are b5efit+ _! c\ntry & !mselves8 ,to travel is to see c\ntries abroad1 to m>k _! s+ul>ities1 to le>n _! languages1 & to return !nce ) an equipm5t ( wisdom t w s]ve ! ne$s ( "o's own c\ntry4 ,!re may be "s :o ga9 all ^! advantages f travel2 b = "o ^: natural excell5ce & virtue w turn su* a haz>d\s exp]i5ce to pr(it1 !re are _m to :om x w prove p]nici\s1 ow+ to _! impetu\s temp] & _! comm& ( money beyond ! discretion ( _! ye>s4 ,& :ile ^! are engag$ 9 travel1 :at might !y h be5 acquir+ at home8 ,s\nd] le>n+1 ! same /udy ( language1 &1 above all1 ! love ( _! native l&1 :i* gr[e? by famili>ity1 b is mightily impair$ by abs5ce & an acquir$ fancy = =eign cu/oms4 ,:at is ! natural end ( be+ born 9 a p>ticul> c\ntry8 ,to s]ve "o's fa!rl&4 ,) =eign fa%ions8 ,!y w n fit4 ,= e c\ntry has its own appropriate laws & arrangem5ts1 & its special circum/ances c be und]/ood only by ^? :o /udy its con/itution c>efully on ! spot4 ,:at is q suitable & excell5t = o!r nations may n be> transplant+ "h2 x may n fit 9 ) ! habits ( our p1 or at lea/ ! *ange might require s mu* ef=t t x w\ld n be wor? ! co/4 ,i d n d5y t travel is good1 if x hits on ! "r p]son2 ?\gh ,i ?9k ! same lab\r1 ) equally good int5tions1 c\ld be sp5t ) bett] results at home4 ,he t roame? abroad ha? no su* l9e to lead him z he t t>rie? at home1 unless 8 und]/&+1 ye>s & exp]i5ce (f] bett] security ?an is ! case ) ^? ( :om ,i am n[ speak+4 ,=eign ?+s fit u n2 or1 if !y fit our backs1 at lea/ !y d n fit our bra9s1 unless !re be some?+ amiss !re4 ,if we wi% to le>n f o!r c\ntries1 x is bett] to summon a =eign ma/] to u ?an to g abroad z =eign s*ol>s ourselves4 ,our ladies at home c acquire all ! accompli%m5ts ( ^! travell$ g5tlem5 )\t /irr+ abroad1 = x is n :at "o has se5 t is ( value1 b ! languages & le>n+ t are br\ght back1 & ^! are to be f\nd at home4 ,our lady mi/ress1 :om ,i mu/ ne$s rememb] :5 excell5ce is be+ spok5 (1 a woman1 a g5tlewoman1 a lady1 a pr9cess1 9 ! mid/ ( _m o!r affairs ( bus9ess1 9 spite ( h] sex & sundry imp$im5ts to a free m9d su* z le>n+ require?1 c d all ^! ?+s to ! wond] ( all he>]s1 :i* ,i say "y g5tlem5 c le>n bett] at home1 z ,h] ,maje/y did4 ,x may be said t ,h] ,maje/y is n to be us$ z a prec$5t1 see+ %e is ( a pr9cely c\rage t w\ld n be ov]?r[n by any difficulty 9 le>n+ :at might advance h] p]son beyond all praise1 & help h] position beyond expectation4 ,b yet x may be said1 :y may n "y g5tlem51 :o c allege no ob/acle1 obta9 ) m lib]ty :at ,h] ,highness got ) s little8 ,x is hav+ z mu* money z !y l t eggs !m on to w&]4 ,if !y w5t abroad z ambassadors to acquire exp]i5ce ?r\gh deal+ ) great affairs1 or if !y 7 well kn[n z le>n$ m5 to :om important in=mation w\ld ev]y:]e naturally be (f]$1 or if !y ev5 w5t 9 ! tra9 ( ! =m]1 or "u ! tuition ( ! latt]1 s t au?ority might secure b5efits = !m & pres]ve !m f h>m1 ,i w\ld n disapprove ( x1 z !y might !n le>n to foll[ 9 ! foot/eps ( _! lead]s4 ,b ?is is a v diff]5t matt] f ! pursuit ( ^? special ends t c\ld be bett] atta9$ at home4 ,= good1 simple1 well-mean+ "y g5tlem51 /rong 9 purse & weak 9 ye>s1 to travel at a v5ture 9 places :]e !re is dang] to heal?1 to life1 to conduct1 f> f ! *ances ( succ\r & rescue--! ?\ght is s repugnant to me t ,i "k n :at to say4 ,g5tlem5 %\ld take up ! ,pr(essions4 ,i d wi% !n t well-dispos$ "y g5tlem5 w\ld be pleas$ to betake !mselves betimes to "s k9d ( le>n+ t is inde$ lib]al1 see+ t _! circum/ances protect !m f int]e/$ motives1 & enable !m to s]ve _! c\ntry hon\rably4 ,in/ead ( all becom+ lawy]s or c\rt (ficials1 :y d n "s ( !m *oose to be div9es1 or physicians1 or to take up "s o!r le>n$ pr(ession8 ,any g5tleman 9 our c\ntry :o is n[ s qualifi$ is e/eem$ & hon\r$ above all o!rs ( 8 call+1 & inde$ gets "s hon\r ev5 if he is n p>ticul>ly well qualifi$4 ,are n ^! pr(essions to be rev]5c$ = _! subject-matt] & = _! influ5ce8 ,& are !y n !re=e prop] = ! nobility8 ,i d n hold ! conduct ( b>b>\s invasions to be ! true field ( activity = ! nobility2 !y %\ld be = ! mo/ "p peaceful1 & w>like only = def5ce if ! c\ntry be assail$1 or = attack if previ\s wrongs are to be av5g$4 ,nor d ,i take weal? to be any wor?y cause ( hon\r to ! own]1 unless x be bo? got by laudable means & employ$ 9 comm5dable ways1 nor any quality or gift t adorns ! body1 unless x s]ves a good purpose1 nor any end[m5t ( ! m9d :i* is n ex]cis$ 9 con=mity ) reason & wisdom4 ,su* gifts are dem&$ 9 ! call+s ,i h nam$ z wor?y ( ! nobility4 ,:o d>e ?9k lightly ( div9ity 9 itself8 ,!re is m hesitation n[ ab\t adopt+ x z a pr(ession ?an =m]ly1 :5 ! emolum5ts 7 great]1 & ! dignity m g5]ally recognis$1 b ! position gr[s bett] aga91 & a good g5tleman may f9d 9 x ! hon\r :i* he seeks4 ,z = m$ic9e1 if g5tlem5 w n /udy & practise x1 !y mu/ pay ! p5alty ( ignorance1 z !y w suff] 9 _! own bodies z well z 9 _! pockets by leav+ ! pr(ession to ^? ( mean] rank1 ^: att5dance is (t5 r flatt]+ & fawn+ ?an intellig5t s]vices4 ,?is caution1 h[ev]1 "y g5tlem5 mu/ be> 9 m9d1 t x 7 a great deal bett] !y _h no le>n+ at all & knew _! own ignorance1 ?an a m]e smatt]+1 incomplete ( its k9d1 & insecurely held 9 _! m9ds4 ,= _! ackn[l$g$ ignorance h>ms only !mselves1 z o!rs m skilful may supply _! places1 b unripe le>n+ puffe? !m up1 & _! rank enc\rages !m to be sup]ficial1 ei!r 9 n dige/+ :at !y h read1 or 9 n read+ suffici5tly1 or 9 do+ desultory "w1 or presum+ on _! /ation to def5d ill-consid]$ notions4 ,to conclude1 ,i wi% "y g5tlem5 to be bett] ?an ord9>y m5 9 ! be/ k9d ( le>n+1 z !y h ampl] opportunities ( acquir+ x & turn+ x to good acc\nt = ! b5efit ( _! c\ntry & _! own hon\r4 ,! ,tra9+ ( a ,pr9ce4 ,z a *ild1 ! greate/ pr9ce may be1 l o!r *ildr51 9 s\l ei!r f9e or gross1 9 body ei!r /rong or weak1 9 =m ei!r well-develop$ or ill1 s t 9 reg>d to ! "t = beg9n+ to le>n & ! prop] c\rse ( /udy1 he is no less subject to ! g5]al laws already laid d[n ?an 8 subjects are4 ,we mu/ take him z ,god s5ds him1 = we _c *oose z we w\ld wi%1 j z he mu/ make ! be/ ( 8 p1 ?\gh 8 p be n ! be/4 ,:5 ! "y pr9ce's elem5t>y education is pa/1 & !re is m scope = read+1 c>e mu/ be tak5 to *oose su* matt] z may recomm5d humility z well z af=d adequate k1 s t compet5ce 9 affairs may be support$ by ! gift ( c\rte\s p]suasion4 ,int]c\rse ) =eign ambassadors1 & conf]5ce ) 8 own c\nsellors1 require bo? a k ( tongues & a k ( ! matt]s t come "u discussion4 ,& z he gov]ne? 8 ,/ate by means ( 8 two arms1 ! ecclesia/ical1 :i* pres]ves & purifies religion1 ! ma9 support ( volunt>y ob$i5ce1 & ! political1 :i* by ma9ta9+ ! civil gov]nm5t do? keep ord] & diffuse well-be+1 if he lack k to use 8 arms aright1 is he n m ?an lame8 ,& is n 8 be/ help to be f\nd 9 le>n+8 ,m>tial skill is ne$ful1 b only = def5ce1 because a /irr+ pr9ce1 always ready to make aggression1 is a plague to 8 p & a puni%m5t to himself1 & ev5 :5 he seems to ga9 mo/1 is only gett+ :at he or 8 desc5dants mu/ "s day lose aga9 ) p]haps some?+ 9 addition4 ,b religi\s k is f> m important1 be+ specially necess>y = a pr9ce1 inasmu* z he ha? none b ,god to fe>4 ,almighty ,god be ?ank$ :o ha? at ?is day l5t u a ,pr9cess :o inde$ fe>e? ,him1 & :o !re=e1 des]v+ to be lov$1 desires n to be fe>$ by u4 ,i pray ,god long to pres]ve h] ^: good education do? tea* u :at education c d1 & ,i h good cause to rejoice t ?is "w ( m9e conc]n+ education is giv5 =? 9 h] "t4 ,bo>d+ ,s*ools4 ,i turn to ! "q :e!r x is bett] = a *ild to bo>d ) 8 ma/] or else:]e1 or to come f home daily to s*ool4 ,if ! place :]e ! p>5ts dwell be ne> ! s*ool1 or only s f> (f t ! v walk may be = ! boy's heal?1 & if ! p>5t himself be c>eful & wise to be z good a fur!r] 9 ! tra9+ ( 8 own *ild z he is a fa!r to its be+1 !n c]ta9ly ! p>5t's home is mu* bett]1 if = no?+ else1 yet because ! p>5t c m easily at all times look aft] ! int]e/s ( 8 own1 hav+ only "o or a few1 ?an ! s*oolma/] c aft] 8 ord9>y duties are ov]1 especially z he w h to divide 8 att5tion among _m4 ,fur!r1 all ! consid]ations :i* p]suade p r to h _! *ildr5 taught at home ?an along ) o!rs outside1 especially ) reg>d to _! mann]s & behavi\r1 =m argum5ts = _! at lea/ bo>d+ at home1 if ! p>5ts w take _! position s]i\sly1 because ! p>5t c bo? see to ! upbr++ ( ! *ild outside s*ool & int]e/ himself 9 ! "w done by ! *ild 9 s*ool4 ,= und\bt$ly ! ma/]s are we>i$ ) work+ all day1 s t ! individual help !y c give 9 _! homes 9 ! ev5+ c be b little1 )\t at once tir+ ! ma/] unduly & dull+ ! *ild1 if he is always por+ ov] 8 books4 ,!re mu/ be times = recreation if any?+ is to be well done cont9u\sly4 ,c anyone help ?9k+ t x is a great deal m ?an en\gh = ! ma/] to tea*1 & ! s*ol> to le>n1 daily f #f 9 ! morn+ till #aa1 & f #a 9 ! aft]noon till wellnigh #f at night1 if ! "t is to be really well appli$--nay1 ev5 if ! h\rs 7 a great deal few]8 ,& may n ! re/ ( ! day be reasonably sp5t 9 "s recreation t (f]s a pleasant v>iety to bo? p>ties8 ,9 ! ma/]'s home ,i grant *ildr5 may keep s*ool h\rs bett]1 & be less liable to idl5ess & truancy2 ! ma/] also may keep !m bett] "u 8 eye 9 8 g5]al tea*+ :5 !y are :olly "u 8 c>e 9 place ( 8 own *ildr51 may arrange _! h\rs bett] accord+ to ! subjects !y are /udy+1 & may soon] be able to discov] _! special tal5ts & incl9ations4 ,!re are also c]ta9 private consid]ations t h weight ) p>5ts 9 s5d+ _! *ildr5 to bo>d away f home1 :i* ,i leave to _! private ?\ghts1 z ,i res]ve "s to my own4 ,if ! ma/] h *>ge only ( ! s*ol>s :o bo>d ) him1 & c himself d all t is necess>y = ! be/ education1 & ! numb]s be mod]ate en\gh to all[ ( consid]able progress1 !n ,i "k ( no m fav\rable circum/ances1 if ! size1 situation1 & conv5i5ce ( 8 h\se1 & o!r necess>y conditions are all suitable4 ,b :ile he is ?9k+ only ( 8 bo>d]s' advancem5t1 "s sl[-pay+ p>5ts w be sure to keep him lean1 if he look n well to x1 & 8 =tunes w n fl\ri%1 or at lea/ ! risks w cause him cont9ual anxiety4 ,p>5ts h a diff]5t eye to _! *ildr5's com=t :5 !y are at a bo>d+-s*ool1 & are ready to compla9 ( _m ?+s t are made ( no acc\nt at home4 ,& if sickness or dea? %\ld come1 ! wor/ con/ruction is put ^u x1 z if dea? did n "k :]e ! p>5t dwells4 ,& ?\gh ! ma/] %\ld h done n only :at he 0 =mally b\nd to d1 b ev5 m ?an he c\ld h done = 8 own *ild1 yet all t is no?+4 ,:]e=e1 z p>5ts mu/ ?9k ( ! objection on _! side to s5d+ out _! *ildr5 to bo>d1 s ma/]s on _! "p mu/ bew>e ( admitt+ !m to _! own injury4 ,inde$1 my own op9ion is t x is q en\gh = a ma/] to und]take ! education alone4 ,if p>5ts d n live ne> en\gh to ! s*ool1 !y %\ld bo>d _! *ildr5 else:]e ?an ) ! ma/]4 ,!y are di/9ct (fices1 to be a p>5t & a tea*]1 & ! difficulties ( upbr++ are too s]i\s = all ! responsibilities to be ?r[n into ! h&s ( "o alone4 ,s*ool ,build+s4 ,( ! places ( elem5t>y education !re is n mu* to say1 z ! ma/]s supply rooms z l>ge z !y c1 consid]+ ! fees t ! p>5ts are will+ to pay1 & ! little p :o att5d ^! s*ools are n z yet capable ( any great ex]cise4 ,! ,gramm> ,s*ools require m att5tion1 because ! ye>s t are1 or at lea/ ought to be1 sp5t !re are ! mo/ important bo? = develop+ ! body & = fram+ ! m9d & "*4 ,"h ! pupils are mo/ subject to ! ma/]'s direction1 & provision is made = !m n only out ( ! p>5ts' res\rces1 b also f public end[m5t1 s f> z ! build+s are conc]n$4 ,z ! elem5t>y s*ools mu/ be ne> ! p>5ts' homes on acc\nt ( ! y\? ( ! s*ol>s1 !y mu/ (t5 be 9 ! middle ( cities & t[ns1 b ,i c\ld wi% t ! ,gramm> ,s*ools 7 plant$ 9 ! outskirts & suburbs1 ne> to ! fields1 :]e p>tly by enclos+ "s private gr\nd = regul> ex]cises bo? 9 ! op5 & "u cov]1 & p>tly by utilis+ ! op5 fields = rambles ( wid] range1 !re might be little or no feel+ ( re/riction 9 ! matt] ( space4 ,!re %\ld be a good airy s*oolroom above = ! languages1 & ano!r bel[ = o!rs /udies & = cont9u+ & complet+ ! elem5t>y tra9+1 :i* w n be well en\gh kept up if x is left to private practice at home4 ,!re mu/ also be suitable accommodation = ! ma/] & 8 family1 ev5 if !y be pretty num]\s1 & !re %\ld be a conv5i5t play-gr\nd adjo9+ ! s*ool1 wall$ r\nd & hav+ at lea/ a qu>t] ( ! space cov]$ ov] l a cloi/]1 = ! *ildr5's ex]cise 9 ra9y wea!r4 ,all ?is w require no mean purse1 b surely !re is weal? en\gh 9 private possession1 if !re 7 w en\gh to end[ public education4 ,yet we h no great cause to compla9 9 reg>d to ! numb] ( s*ools & f\nd]s1 = already dur+ ! "t ( ,h] ,maje/y's mo/ =tunate reign !re h be5 m s*ools erect$ ?an exi/$ be=e h] "t 9 ! :ole k+dom4 ,i w\ld r h few] & h !m bett] appo9t$ = ! ma/]'s accommodation & = g5]al conv5i5ce4 ,a small am\nt ( help w make mo/ ( our rooms s]ve1 & enable our tea*]s to give in/ruction & c>ry on ! ex]cises "u satisfactory conditions4 ,! places = /udy & = ex]cise ought to adjo9 ea* o!r1 & be capable ( hold+ consid]able numb]s1 to be det]m9$ by ! ne$s ( ! surr\nd+ di/rict4 ,! s*ools t ,i "k are mo/ly well plac$ already1 or if !y are 9 ! he>t ( t[ns1 !y c\ld be easily ex*ang$ = "s c\ntry situation1 f> f di/urbances yet ne> en\gh to all necess>y conv5i5ces4 ,x w\ld be a v useful "p ( a great & good f\ndation if x provid$ = ! removal ( rooms to m suitable places1 ei!r by ex*ange or by new pur*ase1 & ,i ?9k lic5ce w\ld m readily be grant$ = ?is purpose ?an to build new s*ools4 ,i am all ! m impell$ to recomm5d a c\ntry situation on acc\nt ( ! inconv5i5ces t ,i h myself exp]i5c$1 bo? 9 reg>d to my own heal? & t ( my s*ol>s1 & ! lack ( facilities = ! ex]cises on :i* ,i lay s mu* /ore4 ,yet ,i am by no means ! wor/ (f 9 ?is respect1 ow+ to ! zeal & g5]osity %[n 9 ! provision made by ! ,wor%ipful ,company ( ,m]*ant ,taylors 9 ,london1 9 ^: s*ool ,i h n[ s]v$ = tw5ty ye>s1 ! fir/ & only headma/] s9ce its f\ndation4 ,if ye consid] :at is to be done 9 ^! rooms :i* ,i desire1 ye %all bett] judge :at rooms w s]ve4 ,two rooms w be suffici5t = ! language /udy & ! cont9uation ( ! elem5t>y c\rse1 an upp] room ) prop] arrangem5ts = v5tilation & ! prev5tion ( too mu* noise1 & ano!r simil>ly fitt$ up und]nea? to s]ve = :at else is to be done4 ,i c\ld wi% t we _h few] s*ools & t !y 7 m effici5t2 x w\ld be well if on c>eful consid]ation ( ! mo/ conv5i5t c5tres ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 _m ( ! exi/+ s*ools c\ld be put toge!r to make a few good ones4 ,to conclude ?is matt]1 ,i wi% ! rooms to be commodi\s1 = ?\gh su* /udies z read+ require small elb[-room1 writ+ & draw+ mu/ n be /rait5$1 nor music ei!r1 & physical ex]cises especially mu/ h ample scope4 ,& su* rooms1 if ! numb]s are n too l>ge1 if ! di/ance is n too great = ! "y *ildr51 w ) "s di/9ction & sep>ation ( places s]ve conv5i5tly bo? = ! elem5t>y s*ool & ! gramm> s*ool1 :i* is s mu* ! bett]4 ,be/ ,h\rs = ,/udy4 ,i ?9k x is n good to beg9 /udy imm$iately aft] ris+1 or j aft] meals1 or to cont9ue "r up to ! "t ( go+ to b$4 ,f #g to #aj 9 ! =5oon1 & f #b till almo/ #e 9 ! aft]noon are ! mo/ fitt+ h\rs1 & q en\gh = *ildr5 to be le>n+4 ,! morn+ h\rs w s]ve be/ = memory "w & :at requires m5tal ef=t2 ! aft]noon = go+ ov] aga9 ! mat]ial t has be5 already acquir$4 ,! o!r times be=e meals are = ex]cise4 ,! h\rs aft] meals & be=e /udy is resum$1 are to be giv5 to re/+ ! body & refre%+ ! m9d1 )\t too mu* movem5t4 ,to conclude1 we mu/ make ! be/ ( ^? places & h\rs t are at pres5t appo9t$1 & yet be prep>$ to adopt bett] arrangem5ts1 z soon z x %all please ,god to s5d !m4 ,& by p]suasion "s tea*]s may be able to br+ wise p>5ts to try *anges 9 ! direction ,i h po9t$ out4 ,9 ! meantime "s excell5t man1 hav+ ! advantage ( a well-situat$ h\se1 & be+ indep5d5t ( outside help & able to control 8 own arrangem5ts1 may be prep>$ to make useful exp]im5ts4 ,elem5t>y ,tea*] mo/ ,important4 ,! ,elem5t>y s*ool is left to ! l[e/ & ! wor/ class ( tea*]1 because good s*ol>s w n abase !mselves to x4 ,! fir/ gr\nd+ %\ld be und]tak5 by ! be/ tea*]1 & 8 rew>d %\ld be ! greate/1 because 8 "w dem&s mo/ en]gy & mo/ judgm5t1 & compet5t m5 c\ld easily be induc$ to ent] ^! l[] ranks if !y f\nd t suffici5t rew>d 7 (f]$4 ,x is natural en\gh = ignorant p to make little ( ! e>ly tra9+1 :5 !y see h[ little consid]ation is paid to x1 b m5 ( judgm5t "k h[ important ! f\ndation is1 n only z reg>ds ! matt] t is taught1 b ! mann] ( h&l+ ! *ild's intellig5ce1 :i* is ( great mom5t4 ,b to say some?+ conc]n+ ! tea*]'s rew>d1 :i* is ! enc\ragem5t to good tea*+1 :at is ! s5se 9 increas+ ! sal>y z ! *ild gr[s 9 le>n+8 ,is x to cause ! ma/] to take great] pa9s1 & br+ 8 pupil bett] =w>d 9 view ( ! promise ( :at is to come8 ,nay1 surely t _c be4 ,pres5t paym5t w\ld be a great] inducem5t to br+ pupils =w>d ?an ! hope 9 promise1 = 9 view ( ! v>iety & incon/ancy ( p>5ts' m9ds1 :at assurance is !re t ! *ild w cont9ue ) ! same ma/]8 ,t he :o took great pa9s = little ga9 %\ld receive m = less tr\ble8 ,besides1 if ! rew>d 7 good he w\ld ha/5 to ga9 m ?r\gh ! supply ( new s*ol>s1 :o w\ld be attract$ by ! report ( 8 dilig5t & successful "w4 ,z ?+s are1 ! ma/] :o gets ! pupils lat] reaps ! b5efit ( ! elem5t>y tea*]'s lab\r1 because ! *ild makes m %[ ) him4 ,:y %\ld ?is be s8 ,x is ! f\ndation well & s\ndly laid t makes all ! upp] build+ secure & la/+4 ,i c only give c\nsel1 b if ! decision lay ) me ! fir/ pa9s well tak5 %\ld 9 tru? be mo/ lib]ally recomp5s$1 & ! emolum5t %\ld dim9i%1 z less pa9s are ne$$ 9 go+ up ?r\gh ! s*ool c\rse4 ,by ?is me?od no ma/] w\ld h reason to compla9 t ! pupils :o come to him h n be5 suffici5tly gr\nd$ 9 ! elem5t>y subjects1 :i* is a con/ant s\rce ( tr\ble at pres5t bo? to tea*]s & s*ol>s4 ,inde$ too (t5 we ,gramm> ,s*ool ma/]s c h>dly make any progress1 c sc>cely ev5 tell h[ to place ! raw boys 9 any p>ticul> =m ) any hope ( /eady advance1 s rott5 is ! gr\ndwork ( _! prep>ation4 ,if ! high] ma/] has to repair ?is weakness1 aft] ! boy comes "u 8 *>ge1 he c]ta9ly des]ves triple sal>y1 bo? = 8 own mak+ & = m5d+ :at ! elem5t>y tea*] ei!r m>r$ ?r\gh ignorance1 or fail$ to make ?r\gh undue ha/e1 :i*1 9 my op9ion1 is ! commone/ & wor/ k9d ( m>r+4 ,z = ! sal>ies ( ! ma/]s t succe$ ! elem5t>y1 ,i hold t ! increas+ numb]s t !y c und]take w make up = ! l>g] am\nt to be giv5 to ! elem5t>y tea*]1 h[ev] mu* t may be4 ,= ! fir/ ma/] c deal only ) a few1 ! next ) m1 & s on1 asc5d+ z ! s*ol>s gr[ 9 reason & discretion4 ,to deal ) ! unequal advancem5t ( *ildr51 x 7 good t !y 7 promot$ 9 numb]s toge!r1 & t !y 7 admitt$ into ! s*ools only at f\r p]iods 9 ! ye>1 s t !y might be prop]ly classifi$1 & n hurl$ h& ov] head into "o =m )\t discrim9ation1 z is n[ too (t5 ! case4 ,!re %\ld be a def9ite plan ( promotion agre$ ^u among ! tea*]s1 s t "o c say1 8,?is *ild ,i h taught1 & su* & su* c he d10 & ! o!r kn[e? :at ! *ild %\ld h be5 taught1 & :at he may be suppos$ to "k4 ,! elem5t>y tea*]1 !n1 %\ld be compet5t = 8 task1 & :5 he is1 he %\ld be suffici5tly well provid$ = by ! p>5ts4 ,adequate rew>d w\ld make v able m5 incl9e to take x up1 & ?\gh ! supply may z yet be insuffici5t1 en\gh c\ld soon be tra9$ if inducem5t 7 (f]$4 ,! ,gramm> ,s*ool ,tea*]4 ,my *ief conc]n mu/ be ) ! ma/] ( ! ,gramm> ,s*ool1 :o _c be too c>efully select$1 = he has to deal ) ^? ye>s :i* det]m9e ! success ( all ! future c\rse1 z dur+ ?is p]iod bo? body & m9d are mo/ re/less & mo/ 9 ne$ ( regulation4 ,he has to complete ! le>n+ ga9$ 9 ! elem5t>y /udies1 & he (f]s hope or despair ( p]fection to ! ,univ]sity tutor 9 ! case ( _! proce$+ fur!r4 ,= ?is class ( tea*] also ,i mu/ ask = suffici5t ma9t5ance 9 consid]ation ( _! compet5ce & fai?ful "w4 ,= x is a great disc\ragem5t to an able man to take dilig5t pa9s :5 he f9ds 8 :ole day's "w insuffici5t to furni% him ) ! necess>y provision4 ,exp]i5ce ha? taught me t :]e ! ma/]'s sal>y is made to rise & fall ) ! numb]s ( 8 pupils1 he w ex]t himself mo/1 & ! *ildr5 w pr(it mo/1 provid$ he h no m ?an he c manage himself )\t haz>d+ 8 own cr$it & ! pupils' welf>e by tru/+ to indep5d5t assi/ants4 ,! prop] use ( assi/ants is n z we n[ see x 9 s*ools1 :]e u%]s are _! own ma/]s1 b to help ! headma/] 9 ! easi] "p ( 8 duties4 ,if ! ma/]'s sal>y is fix$ by agreem5t at a def9ite sum1 !n he %\ld n be giv5 too l>ge numb]s to deal )1 nor %\ld he be oblig$ to eke out 8 income 9 o!r ways outside 8 pr(ession4 ,x is unreasonable to dem& a man's :ole "t1 & yet make su* scant paym5t t he has to look else:]e1 outside ! s*ool1 to add to x4 ,among _m causes t make our s*ools ineffici5t1 ,i "k none s s]i\s z ! weakness ( ! pr(ession ow+ to ! b>5ess ( ! rew>d4 ,! good t come? by s*ools is inf9ite2 ! qualities requir$ 9 ! tea*] are _m & great2 ! *>ges :i* 8 fri5ds h be5 at 9 8 br++ up are heavy2 yet he has b little to hope = 9 ! way ( pref]m5t4 ,our call+ creeps l[1 & has pa9 = a companion1 always ?ru/ to ! wall1 ?\gh always =mally admitt$ to be wor?y4 ,our com=t mu/ be 9 ! g5]al conclusion t ^? are good ?+s :i* want no prais+1 ?\gh !y g a-cold = lack ( *]i%+4 ,b ye w p]haps say--:at %all ?is man be able to p]=m :om y are s anxi\s to h suitably ma9ta9$1 & to ^: *>ge ! y\? ( our c\ntry is to be committ$8 ,surely t *>ge is great1 & if he is to dis*>ge x well1 he mu/ be well qualifi$ = x1 & ought to be v well requit$ = do+ x s well4 ,besides 8 mann] & behavi\r1 :i* mu/ be beyond cavil1 & 8 skill 9 ex]cis+ ! body1 he mu/ be able to tea* ! ?ree le>n$ tongues1 ,lat91 ,greek1 & ,hebrew1 if ^! are requir$4 ,& 9 ^! a m$iocrity ( k is n en\gh1 = he :o means to plant ev5 a little well1 mu/ himself f> exce$ m$iocrity4 ,he mu/ be able to und]/& 8 au?or1 to correct mispr9ts1 ! mi/akes ( unskilful diction>ies1 & ! fooli% comm5ts ( sup]ficial writ]s on ! matt] he is tea*+1 & he mu/ be s well furni%$ be=e he beg9s to tea* t he c express himself readily1 & n h to be le>n+ z he goes along1 di/ract+ 8 s*ol>s by 8 hesitations4 ,"t & exp]i5ce w d mu* to poli% ! mann] ( tea*+1 b !re mu/ be k ( ! matt] f ! fir/4 ,he mu/ be acqua9t$ ) all ! be/ gramm>s1 s t he c always add notes by ! way1 ?\gh n ( c\rse to ! burd5+ ( ! *ildr5's memory4 ,besides ^! & o!r po9ts ( le>n+1 he mu/ h det]m9ation to take pa9s1 p]sev]ance to cont9ue 9 8 "w )\t %r9k+1 discretion to judge ( circum/ances1 *e]fulness to delight 9 ! success ( 8 lab\r1 sympa?y to enc\rage a promis+ y\?1 hopefulness to ?9k e *ild an ,alex&]1 & c\rte\s l[l9ess 9 8 op9ion ( himself4 ,= ev5 ! smalle/ ?+ 9 le>n+ w be well done only by him :o kn[s mo/1 & by reason ( 8 /ore ( k is able to p]=m 8 task ) pleasure & ease4 ,^! qualities des]ve mu*1 & are n (t5 f\nd 9 our s*ools1 because ! rew>ds ( lab\r are s insuffici5t1 b !y w\ld soon be _h if ! ma9t5ance 7 adequate4 ,! ,tra9+ ( ,tea*]s4 ,if ! rew>ds ( ! tea*+ pr(ession 7 suffici5t to attract good /ud5ts1 ! way to make !m well fitt$ to des]ve ^! rew>ds w\ld be to arrange = _! be+ tra9$ at ! ,univ]sities4 ,i t\* ^u ?is matt] ) "s hesitation1 = x w\ld involve "s *anges t might n be easily compass$1 b if ! v "n ( *ange is to be avoid$1 no improvem5ts c\ld ev] take place1 & ?\gh my proposals may raise objections at fir/1 ,i believe t ! m !y are consid]$ ! m !y w comm5d !mselves1 z well to ! ,univ]sity au?orities z to all o!rs conc]n$4 ,by ! means ,i am ab\t to sugge/1 n only s*oolma/]s1 b all o!r memb]s ( ! le>n$ pr(essions1 w\ld be bett] fitt$ on leav+ ! ,univ]sity to p]=m :at is expect$ ( !m 9 ! s]vice ( ! commonweal?4 ,i w\ld h x und]/ood t ,i h no great fault to f9d ) ! pres5t con/itution ( ! ,univ]sities1 b grant+ t ?+s are well done !re already1 !re is no disc\rtesy 9 wi%+ t !y might be manag$ a good deal bett]4 ,univ]sity ,re=m4 ,my idea re/s on f\r po9ts2 #a/4 ,:at if ! ,colleges 7 divid$ into faculties accord+ to ! pr(essions = :i* !y prep>e8 #bnd4 ,:at if /ud5ts ( simil> age1 :o 7 /udy+ = ! same pr(ession1 7 all be/[$ 9 "o h\se8 #c;d4 ,:at if ! ,college liv+s 7 made m valuable by comb9ation1 & ! ,colleges /r5g!n$ by be+ less5$ 9 numb]8 #d?4 ,:at if 9 e h\se !re 7 valuable fell[%ips = le>n$ s*ol>s :o w\ld rema9 _! :ole lives 9 ! position8 ,w\ld n ! c\ntry b5efit by ^! measures8 ,& ha? n ! ,/ate au?ority to c>ry !m out1 see+ t x ha? already giv5 its sanction to ! mak+ ( f\ndations1 ) a res]vation ( ! "r to alt] !m if suffici5t cause %\ld be %[n8 ,is x n z admissible to discuss ! improvem5t ( ! ,univ]sities by plant+ s\nd le>n+1 z to decide ^u tak+ away l&s f colleges1 & bo>d+ out ! /ud5ts1 because !y _c agree among !mselves ab\t ! use ( ! end[m5ts8 ,w\ld !re be any bett] means ( giv+ a new & fair] aspect to ! "w ( ! ,univ]sities1 & ( br++ !m into great] fav\r ) ! public8 ,9 ! fir/ erection ( s*ools & colleges1 private zeal inflam$ good f\nd]s2 9 alt]+ ^! = ! bett]1 ! ,/ate1 = consid]ations ( public int]e/1 may increase ! advantage1 )\t dep>t+ f ! int5tion ( ! f\nd]s1 :o w\ld h gladly welcom$ any improvem5t4 ,x is = ea* age "u ! spur ( necessity to po9t out :at is be/ = its own circum/ances1 & ! ,/ate mu/ ex]cise its wisdom & policy 9 br++ ?is ab\t4 ,i w n[ take up m fully ! f\r po9ts ,i h nam$1 9 ! hope ( (f]+ reasons t may prove conv9c+4 ,a ,college = ,languages4 ,w\ld x n be conv5i5t & pr(itable if !re 7 "o college :]e no?+ 0 pr(ess$ b languages1 to be ?or\ghly acquir$ z a means to fur!r /udy )9 ! univ]sity1 & to public s]vice outside8 ,t be+ ! pr(ess$ end1 & no?+ else be+ dealt ) !re1 w\ld n a high /&>d ( suffici5cy be ! bett] rea*$ ?r\gh g5]al agreem5t8 ,& w\ld n daily conf]5ce & cont9u\s application 9 ! same subject be likely to secure effici5cy8 ,z x is n[1 :5 ev]yone deals confess$ly ) ev]y?+1 no "o c say ) c]ta9ty1 8,?us mu* c su* a "o d 9 ?is p>ticul> ?+10 b he ei!r speaks by conjecture t may (t5 deceive ev5 ! speak]1 or else out ( c\rtesy :i* z (t5 beguiles ^? :o he> & believe4 ,= :]e all ex]cises1 conf]5ces1 & conv]sations1 bo? public & private1 are on ! same subject1 because ! soil br+e? =? no o!r /uff1 !re mu/ ne$s foll[ great p]fection4 ,:5 ! tongues are ?us sep>at$ f o!r le>n+1 x w soon appe> :at a diff]5ce !re is betwe5 him :o c only speak & him :o c d m4 ,no subject c be m necess>y ?an languages 9 univ]sity tra9+4 ,= ! tongues be+ ! receptacles ( matt]1 )\t a p]fect und]/&+ ( !m :at hope is !re ( und]/&+ matt]8 ,& see+ words are ! names ( ?+s1 appli$ & giv5 accord+ to _! prop]ties1 h[ c ?+s be prop]ly und]/ood by u1 :o make use ( words to "k !m by1 unless ! =ce ( spee* is ?or\ghly und]/ood8 ,i d see 9 writ]s & he> 9 speak]s great defects 9 ! mi/ak+ ( mean+s1 & evid5t errors ?r\gh insuffici5cy 9 ! /udy ( language4 ,su* /udy %\ld be well advanc$ by ! ,gramm> ,s*ool1 b x ne$s to be br\ght to great] p]fection ?an x c be !re4 ,& x may be t "s1 wi%+ only a g5]al culture1 w be cont5t to re/ 9 ?is lit]>y faculty1 tak+ delight 9 ! writ+s ( ! poets & hi/orians1 & n pass+ on to any pr(essional /udy4 ,a ,college = ,ma!matics4 ,i w\ld h ano!r college devot$ to ! ,ma!matical ,sci5ces1 ?\gh ,i %all be oppos$ by "s ( good intellig5ce1 :o n kn[+ ! =ce ( ^! faculties because !y consid]$ !m unwor?y ( /udy1 z n lead+ to pref]m5t1 are accu/om$ to mock at ma!matical heads4 ,su* /udies require conc5tration1 & dem& a type ( m9d t does n seek to make public display until aft] mature contemplation 9 solitude4 ,x is ?is sil5t m$itation on ! "p ( ! true /ud5ts1 or ! appe>ance ( x 9 ^? t are b c\nt]feits1 t laye? !m op5 to ! mock]y ( "s1 :o %\ld r =be> if !y w rememb] 9 :at high e/eem ^? sci5ces 7 held by ,socrates1 & by ,plato1 :o =bad anyone to ent] 8 ,academy t 0 ignorant ( ,geometry4 ,= ! m5 :o pr(ess ^! sci5ces & br+ !m into disrepute are ei!r q ignorant & ma9ta9 _! cr$it by ! use ( c]ta9 t]ms & te*nical expressions )\t ev] gett+ at ! k]nel1 or !y are su* z hav+ "s k occupy !mselves ) ! trivial & sophi/ical & illusive p>ts ( ! subject1 r ?an ) its true uses 9 ! advancem5t ( ! arts4 ,b 9 spite ( ! contempt :i* is ?us (t5 br\ght on ! ,ma!matical ,sci5ces1 ,i w v5ture to give my op9ion 9 def5ce ( _! value4 ,9 "t all le>n+ may be br\ght into "o tongue1 & t naturally und]/ood by all1 s t s*ool+ = tongues may prove ne$less1 j z once !y 7 n ne$$2 b x c nev] fall out t arts & sci5ces 9 _! ess5tial nature %all be any?+ b mo/ necess>y = e commonweal? t is n utt]ly b>b>\s4 ,we attribute too mu* to tongues1 9 pay+ m he$ to !m ?an we d to matt]1 & e/eem x m hon\rable to speak f9ely ?an to reason wisely4 ,aft] all1 words are prais$ only = ! "t1 b wisdom w9s 9 ! end4 ,! ,ma!matical ,sci5ces %[ !mselves 9 _m pr(essions & trades :i* d n be> ! titles ( le>n+1 :]eby x is well se5 t !y are really pr(itable2 !y d n make mu* outw>d %[1 b our daily life b5efits greatly by !m4 ,x is no j objection to ask1 8,:at %\ld m]*ants1 c>p5t]s1 masons1 %ipma/]s1 m>9]s1 surveyors1 ar*itects1 & o!r su* d ) le>n+8 ,d !y n s]ve ! c\ntry's ne$s well en\gh )\t x80 ,?\gh !y may d well )\t x1 might !y n d bett] ) x8 ,! speak+ ( ,lat9 is no necess>y pro( ( deep] le>n+1 b ,ma!matics are ! fir/ rudim5ts = "y *ildr51 & ! sure means ( direction = all skill$ workm51 :o )\t su* k c only g by rote1 b ) x might rea* g5u9e skill4 ,! sci5ces t we t]m #8ma!matical' f _! v nature always a*ieve some?+ good1 intelligible ev5 to ! unle>n$1 by numb]1 figure1 s\nd1 or motion4 ,9 ! mann] ( _! tea*+ also !y plant 9 ! m9d ( ! le>n] a habit ( resi/+ ! influ5ce ( b>e probabilities1 ( refus+ to believe 9 light conjectures1 ( be+ mov$ only by infallible demon/rations4 ,ma!matics _h its place be=e ! tongues 7 taught1 :i* ?\gh !y are n[ necess>y helps1 because we use =eign languages = ! conveyance ( k1 yet pu% u "o degree fur!r (f f k4 ,a ,college = ,philosophy4 ,! ?ird college %\ld be devot$ to ,philosophy 9 all its ?ree k9ds1 ea* ( :i* =ms a prep>ation = a p>ticul> pr(ession--,natural ,philosophy = ,m$ic9e1 ,political ,philosophy = ,law1 & ,moral ,philosophy = ,div9ity4 ,b 9 ?is di/ribution "s w ask1 8,:]e d ,logic & ,rhetoric come 980 ,i w\ld ask 9 reply1 8,:at is ! place ( ,gramm>80 ,x is ! prep>ative to language4 ,9 ! same way1 ,logic on ! side ( demon/ration takes ! "p ( ,gramm> = ! ,ma!matical ,sci5ces & ,natural ,philosophy1 & 9 its consid]ation ( probabilities fills ! same place = ,moral & ,political ,philosophy4 ,rhetoric helps ! writ] to atta9 purity ( /yle )\t emotion1 & ! speak] to use p]suasion ) an appeal to ! feel+s1 ?\gh sometimes1 inde$1 ! latt] deals only 9 argum5t1 :ile ! =m] may wax hot ov] 8 writ+4 ,z to ! prop] ord] ( ^! /udies1 we are accu/om$ to set "y /ud5ts to ,moral & ,political ,philosophy fir/1 b we %\ld r foll[ ,ari/otle 9 plac+ ,natural ,philosophy next to ! ,ma!matical ,sci5ces1 because x is m intelligible = "y heads on acc\nt ( its d$uctive reason+1 :]eas ,moral & ,political ,philosophy1 be+ subject to p>ticul> circum/ances 9 life1 %\ld be res]v$ = rip] ye>s4 ,pr(essional ,colleges4 ,! ?ree pr(essions above m5tion$--,m$ic9e1 ,law1 & ,div9ity--%\ld ea* be end[$ ) its p>ticul> ,college & liv+s1 in/ead ( hav+ its /ud5ts scatt]$4 ,to h ! physician ?us le>n$ is n too mu* to ask1 consid]+ t 8 pr(ici5cy dep5ds on 8 k1 & ) him ignorance is simply but*]y4 ,z = ,law1 if ! :ole /udy 7 r$uc$ into "o body1 w\ld our c\ntry h any cause to compla98 ,w\ld %e n r h great reason to be v glad8 ,we h n[ ?ree sev]al pr(essions 9 ,law1 z if we 7 a ?ree-head$ ,/ate1 "o ,engli% & ,fr5*1 ano!r ,roman ,imp]ial1 & ! ?ird ,roman ,ecclesia/ical1 :]eas ,engli% alone 7 simply be/4 ,! di/raction ( temporal1 civil1 & canon law is 9 _m ways v injuri\s to our c\ntry4 ,!re c be no "q t x is good = ! div9e to h "t to /udy ! sci5ces t are ! h&maids to 8 pr(ession4 ,g5]al ,/udy = ,pr(essional ,m54 ,b is x advisable t ^? wi%+ to ent] ! pr(essions %\ld h to g ?r\gh all ! colleges t (f] a g5]al prep>atory tra9+1--! colleges = ,languages1 ,ma!matics1 & ,philosophy8 ,no "o c\ld d\bt ?is1 except su* z are ready to ?9k !mselves ripe1 :ile !y are /ill raw 9 ! op9ion ( o!r m54 ,he t w be p]fect 9 8 pr(ession ought at lea/ to h a contemplative k ( all t goes be=e4 ,x w be = ! ga9 ( ! community t :ile ! /ud5t's y\? is w$d$ to hone/ & le>n$ m$itation1 ! heat ( t /irr+ age is cool$1 :i* might set all on fire to ! public h>m2 ripe judgm5t is ga9$1 & all ambiti\s passions are made subject to self-control4 ,till "y m5 :o are com+ =w>d to ! pr(essions are made to t>ry long] & /udy m s\ndly1 le>n+ %all h no cr$it1 & our c\ntry _c b suff]4 ,x may be ask$3 8,:at ha? a div9e to d ) ,ma!matics80 ,well1 0 n ,moses tra9$ 9 all ! le>n+ ( ! ,egyptians8 ,h[ c ! div9e presume to judge & condemn sci5ces ( :i* he kn[s no?+ b ! "n8 ,& has n ! lawy] to deal ) _m que/ions t require a k ( ! sci5ces8 ,! physician m ?an all %\ld see t 8 pr(essional skill is support$ by a wide g5]al /udy4 ,a ,tra9+ ,college = ,tea*]s4 ,!re w be "s difficulty 9 w9n+ a college = ^? :o w aft]w>ds pass to tea* 9 s*ools4 ,!re is no specialis+ = any pr(ession till ! /ud5t leaves ! ,college ( ,philosophy1 f :i* he w g to ,m$ic9e1 ,law1 or ,div9ity4 ,?is is ! "t also :5 ! int5d+ s*oolma/] %\ld beg9 8 special tra9+4 ,9 him !re is z mu* le>n+ necess>y z1 ) all def]5ce to _! subjects1 is requir$ by any ( ! o!r ?ree pr(essions1 especially if x be consid]$ h[ mu* ! tea*] ha? to d 9 prep>+ s*ol>s = all o!r c>e]s4 ,:y %\ld n ^! m5 h ?is compet5ce 9 le>n+1 to be *os5 = ! common s]vice8 ,are *ildr5 & s*ools s small an elem5t 9 our commonweal?8 ,is ! fram+ ( "y m9ds & ! tra9+ ( _! bodies a matt] ( s little skill8 ,are s*oolma/]s 9 ?is realm s few t !y ne$ n be tak5 acc\nt (8 ,:oev] w n all[ ( ?is c>eful provision = su* a sem9>y ( tea*]s is mo/ unwor?y ei!r to h _h a good ma/] himself1 or to h a good "o h]eaft] = 8 *ildr54 ,:y %\ld n tea*]s be well provid$ =1 s t !y c cont9ue _! :ole life 9 ! s*ool1 z div9es1 lawy]s1 & physicians d 9 _! sev]al pr(essions8 ,if ?is 7 ! case1 judgm5t1 k1 & discretion w\ld gr[ 9 !m z !y get old]1 :]eas n[ ! s*ool1 be+ us$ b = a %ift1 f :i* !y w aft]w>ds pass to "s o!r pr(ession1 ?\gh x may s5d out compet5t m5 to o!r c>e]s1 rema9s itself f> too b>e ( tal5t1 consid]+ ! importance ( ! "w4 ,i consid] !re=e t 9 our univ]sities !re %\ld be a special college = ! tra9+ ( tea*]s1 inasmu* z !y are ! in/rum5ts to make or m> ! gr[+ g5]ation ( ! c\ntry1 & because ! mat]ial ( _! /udies is comp>able to t ( ! greate/ pr(essions1 9 respect ( language1 judgm5t1 skill 9 tea*+1 v>iety ( le>n+1 :]e9 ! =m+ ( ! m9d & ! ex]cis+ ( ! body require ! mo/ c>eful consid]ation1 to say no?+ ( ! dignity ( "* :i* %\ld be expect$ f !m4 ,use ( ! ,sev5 ,colleges4 ,surely !re is no?+ unreasonable 9 propos+ t ^! sev5 colleges %\ld be set up1 & %\ld h ! names ( ! ?+s !y pr(ess--,languages1 ,ma!matics1 ,philosophy1 ,education1 ,m$ic9e1 ,law1 & ,div9ity4 ,if x _h be5 s arrang$ f ! beg9n+1 public op9ion w\ld n[ h comm5d$ ! policy & wisdom ( ^? t orig9at$ x4 ,& c we n br+ ab\t /ill :at1 if x _h be5 done at fir/1 w\ld h met ) su* hon\r1 & w des]ve ev]la/+ memory1 at :atev] "t x may be done8 ,great] *anges h be5 bo? desir$ & accompli%$ 9 our "t4 ,all t is ne$ful = do+ x well is ready to our h&3 ! mat]ial is !re2 ! l&s h nei!r to be begg$ nor pur*as$2 !y h already be5 acquir$ & giv51 & c easily be br\ght into ord]1 especially z ?is is a "t ( re=m4 ,z = putt+ /ud5ts ( simil> age & /udies into ! same h\se1 x is desirable on _m gr\nds1 b p>ticul>ly because x enc\rages emulation among ^? :o are be/ fitt$ to compete ) ea* o!r4 ,unit+ ( ,colleges4 ,9 say+ t colleges %\ld be comb9$1 s z to p]mit ! bett]+ ( /ud5ts' liv+s1 ,i %all h ! support at lea/ ( ^? :o are n[ will+ to *ange _! college = a fatt] liv+1 or ev5 to ab&on ! univ]sity altoge!r = _! own advantage4 ,at pres5t college liv+s are c]ta9ly too lean1 & =ce good wits to fly be=e !y are well fea!r$4 ,a bett] ma9t5ance w\ld give m "t & opportunity = /udy1 & ?us secure a high] /&>d ( le>n+1 great] rip5ess ( judgm5t1 & m solidity ( "*4 ,/ud5ts w\ld be made m indep5d5t1 & w\ld n h to come "u obligations by accept+ support f o!r qu>t]s4 ,! re/riction 9 ! numb] ( liv+s w\ld be no objection1 z x w\ld %ut out ^? less qualifi$ to pr(it by !m1 & ?us raise ! level ( atta9m5t4 ,x 7 bett] = ! c\ntry to h a few well tra9$ & suffici5tly provid$ =1 ?an an unle>n$ multitude4 ,moreov]1 x is n consonant ) ! lib]al nature ( le>n+ ei!r t x %\ld be unnecess>ily dep5d5t on *>ity1 or t x %\ld 9 ?is way come "u ! control ( ^? :o may act r f p]sonal consid]ations ?an reg>d to ! common welf>e4 ,:]e le>n+ gr[s up by props x loses its true "*2 x is be/ :5 ! /em c itself be> up ! bran*es4 ,! outw>d conditions = ! fur!rance ( le>n+ are ! selection ( s*ol>s on gr\nds ( ability & promise1 & suffici5t "t & ma9t5ance = _! due prep>ation2 ! qualities requir$ = ! /ud5t himself are dilig5ce & discretion to pr(it fully by 8 opportunities4 ,univ]sity ,read]s4 ,! la/ re=m :i* ,i am ready to cont5d = is t !re %\ld be ,univ]sity read]s appo9t$1 ( mature ye>s1 accr$it$ le>n+ & secure position1 :o %\ld direct & control ! /udies ( ! /ud5ts4 ,private /udy alone c nev] be comp>$ ) ! opportunity ( work+ "u "o :o has read & dige/$ all ! be/ books 9 ! subject1 ^: judgm5t has be5 =m$ by 8 wide read+1 & ^: exp]i5ce & int]c\rse ) _m intellects has giv5 him skill & address4 ,! /ud5t :o has n ?is advantage w ga9 less ) great] pa9s1 s9ce he c\ld 9 "o lecture h ! b5efit ( 8 read]'s univ]sal /udy1 put 9 su* a =m t he c use x at once4 ,su* read]s w\ld save _! co/ 9 books alone1 :i* w\ld n !n be s ne$ful to ! /ud5t4 ,!y c\ld be appo9t$ ) little or no co/ to ! univ]sities1 & if !y c>ri$ on _! "w 9 conv5i5t h\ses ( _! own1 !y w\ld und\bt$ly draw z _m /ud5ts to _! private e/abli%m5ts z !re are n[ 9 ! public colleges4 ,evils ( ,ov]pressure4 ,ha/y press+ onw>d is ! greate/ enemy t any?+ c h1 ^: be/ is to rip5 at leisure4 ,i h appo9t$ 9 my elem5t>y tea*+--,read+1 ,writ+1 ,draw+1 ,s++1 ,play+4 ,n[ if ^! are imp]fectly acquir$ :5 ! *ild is s5t to ! ,gramm> ,s*ool1 :at an error is committ$6 ,h[ _m small infants h we s5t to ,gramm> :o c sc>cely read1 & h[ _m to le>n ,lat9 :o nev] wrote a lett]6 ,ev5 ?\gh "s y\ng/] c\ld d mu* bett] ?an all 8 companions1 x 7 no h>m = him to be capta9 a good :ile 9 8 elem5t>y s*ool1 r ?an to be a common soldi] 9 a s*ool :]e all are capta9s4 ,_m & s]i\s are ! evils t are caus$ by su* ha/+1 & if deplor+ !m c\ld am5d !m1 ,i w\ld lam5t t !y are s num]\s & s h>d to rem$y4 ,h[ common is ! lack ( prop] gr\nd+ 9 *ildr51 & h[ great is ! fooli%ness ( _! fri5ds 9 reg>d to x6 ,?is is ! *ief cause t at once makes *ildr5 lo? to le>n1 & s*oolma/]s seem h>% 9 _! tea*+4 ,= z ! ma/] ha/5s on to ! natural aim ( 8 pr(ession1 & ! s*ol> draws back1 be+ unable to be> ! burd51 !re rises 9 ! ma/] an irritation :i* c only be controll$ by ! wisdom & pati5ce t are ! fruits ( exp]i5ce4 ,& z 9 ! tea*] irritation bre$s heat1 s 9 ! s*ol> weakness bre$s fe>1 & s mu* ! m if he f9ds 8 ma/] some:at too impati5t1 :]e=e nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r c d mu* good at all4 ,:]eas if ! boy _h no?+ to fe>1 h[ eag] he w\ld be1 & :at a pleasure ! tea*] w\ld take 9 8 aptness to le>n6 ,b ev5 if ! *ild's weakness is felt bo? by himself & by 8 tea*]1 x is difficult to get ! p>5t to believe 9 x1 ow+ to ! bl9dness ( 8 affection1 & he w pref] to seek out "s o!r tea*] :o w adopt 8 views1 & und]take ! task4 ,?us *ange fe$s 8 hum\r = ! "t1 ?\gh he w aft]w>ds rep5t 8 folly1 :5 ! defect proves incurable1 & ! fir/ ma/] is at la/ admitt$ to h be5 a true prophet4 ,s necess>y a ?+ is x to prev5t ills 9 "t1 & :5 w>n+ is giv5 n to laugh x to scorn nor blame ! wat*man4 ,if ! imp]fections :i* come m f ha/e ?an f ignorance did n g beyond ! elem5t>y s*ool1 ! h>m done might be r$ress$1 b z "o bill[ drive? on ano!r1 s ha/e1 beg9n+ !re1 makes ! o!r successions 9 le>n+ move on at too headlong a pace4 ,is x only to ! ,gramm> ,s*ool t *ildr5 are s5t too e>ly8 ,are !re none s5t to ! ,univ]sity :o1 :5 !y come out ( x ye>s aft]w>ds1 might ) advantage return to ! ,gramm> ,s*ool aga98 ,d n "s ( good intellig5ce f9d 9 ! c\rse ( _! /udy ! evil effects ( too great ha/e at ! beg9n+1 & wi% too late t !y _h be5 bett] advis$8 ,& ev5 if !y make up :at !y h miss$1 d !y n f9d x true t a process :i* may be pleasant en\gh to "y boys is full ( pa9 = old] p8 ,! ,univ]sities c be/ judge ( ! weaknesses ( our ,gramm> ,s*ools :5 !y f9d ! defects ( ^? y\?s :om !y receive f u1 ?\gh !y 7 n s5t by u4 ,we see ^! defects ourselves1 b we _c rem$y !m1 = ! p>tiality ( p>5ts ov]-rules all reason1 & :5 ! pupil is remov$ all conf]5ce ) ! tea*] is cut (f4 ,9 "s places ! multitude ( s*ools m>s ! :ole m>ket1 giv+ too great opportunity = *ange1 g5]ally = ! worse1 s t by degrees ! elem5t>y s*ol> enfeebles ! ,gramm> ,s*ool boy1 & he 9 turn transporte? 8 weakness f 8 s*oolma/] to 8 univ]sity tutor4 ,s important is x to avoid ha/e at ! fir/1 le/ x cause injury to ! la/4 ,are n y\?s (t5 s5t into ! _w1 :o may receive consid]ation on acc\nt ( _! degrees1 b des]ve none = _! le>n+8 ,if m5 did n judge s5sibly t "y %oots mu/ be gre51 h[ev] good an appe>ance !y may make1 y\? might deceive !m ) its titles1 z x deceives itself ) conceit4 ,! causes ( ha/e are--impati5ce1 :i* c abide no t>ry+ :5 a re/less conceit is ov]lad52 ! desire ( lib]ty1 to live z he pleases1 because he pleases n to live z he %\ld2 arrogance1 mak+ him wi% to appe> a p]son ( importance2 hope ( pref]m5t1 urg+ him to desire dignities be=e ! ability to support !m4 ,9 ! mean:ile ! common welf>e is sacrific$ to p]sonal advantage1 & ev5 t advantage is 9 appe>ance & n 9 reality4 ,! cank] t consume? all1 & cause? all ?is evil1 is ha/e1 an ill-advis$1 ra%1 & head/rong c\nsellor1 t is mo/ p]nici\s :5 !re is ei!r "s appe>ance ( rip5ess 9 ! *ild1 or "s unwise enc\ragem5t f a tea*] :o is )\t true disc]nm5t4 ,x is "t t p]fecte? all2 x is ! "m ( tru?1 ! t\*/one ( rip5ess1 ! enemy ( error1 ! true support & help ( man4 ,limit ( ,elem5t>y ,c\rse4 ,:5 ! *ild c read s readily & confid5tly t ! l5g? ( 8 lesson gives him no tr\ble2 :5 he c write s neatly & s fa/ t he f9ds no k9d ( ex]cise t$i\s2 :5 8 p5 or p5cil gives him only pleasure2 :5 8 music1 bo? vocal & in/rum5tal1 is s f> =w>d t a little volunt>y practice may keep x up & ev5 improve x2 !n ! elem5t>y c\rse has la/$ long en\gh4 ,! *ild's ord9>y ex]cises 9 ! ,gramm> ,s*ool w cont9ue 8 read+ & writ+ & he w always be draw+ ( 8 own accord1 because x delighte? 8 eye1 & busie? n 8 bra94 ,8 music1 h[ev]1 mu/ be enc\rag$ by ! pleasure tak5 9 x by ! tea*] & 8 p>5ts1 = 9 ^? e>ly ye>s *ildr5 are musical r = o!rs' b5efit ?an = _! own4 ,x is c]ta9 t 9 t>ry+ long en\gh to br+ all ^! ?+s to p]fection !re is no real loss ( "t1 especially see+ t ^! atta9m5ts1 ev5 if !y g no fur!r1 make a pretty adornm5t to a h\sehold if !y be ?or\ghly acquir$4 ,difficulties 9 ,tea*+4 ,a great & le>n$ man ( our day1 ,philip ,melanc?on1 ?\ght s mu* ( ! tr\blesome & toilsome life :i* we tea*]s lead t he wrote an int]e/+ book on ! mis]ies ( s*oolma/]s4 ,we h to ?ank him = 8 good-w2 b z !re is no k9d ( life1 be x high or l[1 t has n its own %>e ( tr\bles1 we ne$ n be ov]:elm$ by a s5se ( our special difficulties4 ,our pr(ession is c]ta9ly m ardu\s ?an mo/2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 n _m h su* opportunities ( do+ good s]vice4 ,!re is little pr(it1 h[ev]1 9 su* comp>isons4 ,to :at purpose %\ld ,i %[ :y ! tea*] blames "o ?+1 ! p>5t ano!r1 ! *ild no?+ b ! rod :i* he is s prone to des]ve8 ,s apt are we to rep9e at ! pa9 we suff]1 )\t weigh+ ! (f5ce :i* des]v$ x4 ,i w r proce$ to deal ) ! rem$ies = :at he calls 8mis]ies10 b ,i w\ld pref] to t]m inconv5i5ces1 ) :i* ! tea*+ pr(ession has to cont5d 9 our own "t4 ,! c\nsel ,i (f]1 ?\gh ref]r+ specially to ! y\nge/ s*ol>s1 may well be c>ri$ fur!r & appli$ to ! olde/ & mo/ advanc$ 9 any c\rse ( le>n+4 ,! rem$ies ,i take to be two--uni=mity ( me?od1 :i* w\ld secure economy bo? ( "t & exp5se1 & ! e/abli%m5t ( public s*ool regulations1 made cle>ly kn[n to all conc]n$1 :i* w\ld prev5t misund]/&+s betwe5 tea*]s & p>5ts or s*ol>s4 ,uni=mity ( ,me?od4 ,no "o :o has ei!r taught1 or has be5 taught himself1 c fail to recognise t !re is too mu* v>iety 9 tea*+1 & !re=e too mu* bad tea*+1 = 9 ! mid/ ( _m by-pa?s !re is b "o "r way4 ,?is is prov$ by ! diff]5ces ( op9ion t m5 %[1 due to bett] or worse tra9+ 9 y\?1 to great] or less application to /udy1 to long] or %ort] cont9uance at _! books1 to _! lik+ or dislik+ "s p>ticul> k9d ( le>n+1 & _m o!r simil> causes1 :i* may lead ignorance to vaunt itself ) all ! au?ority t belongs to s\nd k4 ,! div]sity ( gr\ndwork :i* lies at ! root ( s mu* confusion ( judgm5t is a great h9drance to y\? & a discr$it to s*ools1 & causes s]i\s inequalities 9 ! univ]sities4 ,x may happ5 t a weak tea*] by "s accid5t br+s up a /rong s*ol>1 & t an abl] man ow+ to "s ord9>y h9drance makes little %[ = 8 lab\r4 ,b if v>iety _h giv5 place to uni=mity1 ev5 ! weake/ tea*] might h done v well1 if he _h ! intellig5ce to foll[ ! directions put be=e him4 ,?is defect has (t5 be5 deplor$ by our be/ tea*]s1 :o h nev]!less %runk f ! task ( supply+ ! rem$y4 ,if a uni=m sy/em c\ld be agre$ ^u1 all ! y\? ( ?is :ole realm w seem to h be5 br\ght up 9 "o s*ool1 & "u "o ma/]1 bo? 9 reg>d to ! matt] & to ! mann] ( _! tea*+1 :ile diff]+ 9 _! own inv5tion1 :i* is individual by nature1 ?\gh x may be tra9$ by g5]al rules ( art4 ,su* a measure mu/ ne$s br+ pr(it to ! le>n] by sav+ him f ! *ances ( go+ a/ray1 ease to ! tea*] by light5+ 8 lab\r1 hon\r to ! c\ntry by provid+ a /ore ( good mat]ial1 & immortal r5[n to ! enlight5$ sov]eign :o %\ld conf] s great a b5efit4 ,?\gh agreem5t 9 a uni=m me?od mu/ be en=c$ by au?ority1 x mu/ be bas$ on "s lik5ess ( ability 9 tea*]s 9 reg>d to _! own specialty1 ?\gh !y may diff] mu* 9 ! mann] ( apply+ x & 9 o!r qualities4 ,n[ ! only way to procure ?is equal /&>d ( effici5cy1 :]e natural diff]5ces are s great1 is to lay d[n 9 "s def9ite s*eme :at seems be/1 bo? z to :at & z to h[ to tea*1 ) all ! p>ticul> circum/ances t may apply to ! be/-ord]$ s*ools n beyond ! rea* ( ! indiff]5t tea*]1 yet su* z to satisfy ! m skilful4 ,?us dilig5ce on ! "p ( ! less able may ev5 effect m ?an ! great] le>n+ ( ! o!r1 :o may become neglig5t or insol5t f ov]-confid5ce4 ,if ,i am n mi/ak51 !re are good reasons = hold+ t x is bett] = ! commonweal? to provide "s direction = ! ord9>y tea*] :o w cont9ue 9 8 pr(ession ! great] "p ( 8 life & h _m *ances ( do+ good1 ?an to leave x at r&om to ! lib]ty ( ! m le>n$1 :o commonly make use ( tea*+ only to %ift ) = a "t1 & are b pilgrims 9 ! pr(ession1 always ?9k+ ( remov+ to "s easi] or m pr(itable k9d ( life4 ,s*ol>s _c pr(it mu* :5 _! tea*]s act l /rang]s1 :o1 int5d+ "s day to return to _! own c\ntry1 _c h t zeal\s c>e :i* ! native %[e?1 & ?\gh consci5ce may sometimes cause an hone/ man to "w well & d 8 duty 9 ?is tempor>y position1 su* cases c be only exceptional1 & g5]al provision mu/ be = ! lead+ ( ! weak]1 :o w always ne$ x4 ,if :5 ?is s*eme = settl+ ! matt] & ! mann] ( tea*+ is set d[n1 ^? :o h to c>ry x out prove neglig5t1 & delay or ev5 defeat ! good effects1 by _! ill-advis$ h&l+ ( :at 0 well meant1 ! ov]se]s & patrons ( s*ools mu/ br+ pressure to be> on su* tea*]s1 ( _! own motion if !y c1 & if !y _c1 !n by ! assi/ance ( le>n$ m5 :o are compet5t to act1 & :o out ( c\rtesy w help to fur!r ! end 9 view4 ,our precepts are g5]al2 ! application mu/ be made accord+ to ! circum/ances ( p>ticul> cases4 ,i h only r\ghly indicat$ ! purpose ( uni=mity 9 tea*+1 & ! disjo9t+ ( skill by misord]$ v>iety1 yet :o is s bl9d z n to disc]n t ! "o removes ! evils caus$ by ! o!r1 & !reby relieves ! s*ools ( _m h9drances8 ,rapid progress 9 le>n+ w\ld at once foll[1 ?r\gh ! *oice ( ! be/ & fitte/ au?ors f ! fir/1 ! use ( ex]cises adapt$ to ! advancem5t ( ! *ild1 & ! tea*]'s ord]ly proc$ure 9 g5]al4 ,by ?is means ! s*ol> w\ld n le>n any?+ he ought to =get1 or leave any?+ ne$ful unle>n$1 ?r\gh ! ill-advis$ c\nsel ( 8 tea*]1 & ! tea*] on 8 "p w\ld be sav$ f hurry+ on too fa/1 or dwell+ too long on "o ?+4 ,! be/ c\rse be+ hit ^u at ! fir/1 z may be g5]ally appo9t$1 "o ?+ helpe? ano!r =w>d naturally1 )\t =c+2 :at is fir/ taught make? way = :at mu/ foll[ next1 & cont9ual use w let no?+ be =gott5 :i* is once well got1 & ! gradual advance 9 le>n+ w succe$ 9 proportion1 )\t loss ( "t or unnecess>y lab\r ei!r ?r\gh l+]+ too long or hurry+ on too fa/4 ,?is result _c possibly be br\ght ab\t at pres5t1 :ile ?+s are left to ! discretion ( tea*]s1 ( :om ! mo/ are n specially enlight5$1 & ev5 ! v be/ _c always hit ^u ! mo/ fruitful me?ods1 & :ile ! cu/om>y education is held z a sanction1 alt]ation ev5 = ! bett] consid]$ a h]esy1 & approval det]m9$ by p]sonal prejudice4 ,i d n t\* ^u any h9drances t _c easily be remov$1 if ! matt] be tak5 9 h& by au?ority2 difficulties t belong to special circum/ances mu/ be dealt ) at ano!r "t4 ,! lack ( uni=mity is cle>ly %[n :5 *ildr5 *ange bo? s*ools & tea*]s2 ei!r ! new ma/] ?9ks x "s discr$it to himself to beg9 :]e ! old "o left (f1 or disapproves ( ! *oice t ! previ\s tea*] _h made1 or seeks to exalt himself by f9d+ fault ) ! o!r1 or else ! arrangem5t ( 8 s*ool does n admit ( a regul> progression1 e s*ool hav+ a plan ( its own4 ,sometimes ! boy n be+ prop]ly gr\nd$1 ei!r ?r\gh ! ignorance ( 8 tea*]s or 8 own neglig5ce1 _c easily be influ5c$ = ! bett]1 or l$ to give up 8 own conceit ( himself1 & ?is g5]ally happ5s :5 ! p>5ts are unreasonable & ?9k _! *ild disgrac$ if he is 8put back10 z ! phrase is1 :]eas 9 reality he is bid only to look back1 to see t :i* he nev] saw & ought to h se5 v ?or\ghly4 ,?is cause ( disord]1 proce$+ f ! p>5ts1 affecte? u all1 caus+ great weakness & mu* failure ( classification 9 ! =ms ( our s*ools1 :]eas if !re 7 a uni=m ord] fix$ by au?ority1 h[ev] (t5 ! *ild may *ange1 8 advancem5t is easily te/$1 & ! p>5ts w h no pretext = discont5t1 :5 !y see t ! matt] is fix$ by public provision1 & t !re is no room = private p>tiality4 ,at pres5t ! only ?+ t is uni=m 9 our s*ools is ! common gramm> set =? by au?ority1 ! use ( :i* confirms ! op9ion ,i h express$1 z reg>ds bo? ! policy ( adopt+ x f ! beg9n+1 & ! advantage ( hav+ some?+ def9itely decid$ to :i* we are all b\nd to agree4 ,:e!r ! book n[ 9 use may be reta9$ ) "s am5dm5t1 or %\ld give place to "o ) a bett] me?od1 is a matt] = consid]ation1 = all su* books1 s]v+ = direction1 mu/ be fa%ion$ to ! matt] :i* !y seem to direct by rule & precept1 exi/+ z !y d1 n = _! own sake1 b z a means to an end4 ,! exp]i5ce ( hav+ a common gramm> proves ! value ( uni=mity1 b x rema9s a matt] ( controv]sy :e!r x is itself ! be/ possible gramm>4 ,! second advantage ( uni=mity is ! sav+ ( exp5se4 ,:ile x is left to ! tea*]'s lib]ty to make 8 own *oice1 bo? z to :at book he %all use & :at me?od he %all adopt1 :at ) ! v>iety ( judgm5t & inequality ( le>n+ 9 tea*]s1 :i* may be unifi$ by au?ority1 b w nev] be by cons5t1 ! p>5ts' purses are heavily tax$ & poor m5 are sorely p9*$4 ,?is is br\ght ab\t bo? by ! *ange ( books1 ! ma/] (t5 rev]s+ 8 =m] *oice1 & also by _! numb]1 e book be+ comm5d$ to ! buy] :i* ei!r make? a fair %[ to be pr(itable1 or is o!rwise solicit$ to ! sale ow+ to ! ne$ = dispos+ ( an ov]-supply4 ,:atev] is ne$ful to be us$ 9 s*ools may be v well compris$ 9 a small compass2 "o small volume may be comp\nd$ ( ! m>r[ ( _m1 & ! *ange ne$ n be great4 ,nor yet h]eby is any injury done to good writ]s1 ^: books may v well t>ry = ! rip5ess ( ! read]1 & ! place t is due to !m 9 ! ord9>y asc5t ( le>n+ & /udy1 accord+ to _! value & degree1 s t !y may w9 praise = _! au?ors f ^? :o are able to judge1 & may br+ pr(it to ! /ud5t :5 he is able to und]/& & rememb] !m4 ,*oice ( ,s*ool ,books4 ,9 our ,gramm> ,s*ools we pr(ess to tea* ! tongues1 or r to make a beg9n+ ) tea*+ !m4 ,e subject t is treat$ 9 any tongue supplies ! /ud5t ) ! t]ms t belong to x1 :i* are mo/ easily got up 9 connection ) ! matt]4 ,if1 !n1 ! s*ol> ( ! ,gramm> ,s*ool be taught to write1 speak1 & und]/& readily 9 "s well-*os5 subject1 ! s*ool has p]=m$ its duty 9 do+ ev5 s mu*1 ?\gh ! boy may n "k all1 or ev5 mo/1 ( ! words 9 ! language1 :i* is a matt] = fur!r /udy4 ,^? t assign _! tasks to ,gramm> ,s*ool tea*]s recomm5d hi/orians & poets1 ?\gh !y make "s di/9ction ( writ]s accord+ to ! t5d5cy ( _! matt] & ! purity ( _! /yle4 ,b :at "t is !re 9 our s*ools to run ov] all ^!1 or ev5 to deal ) a few ( !m ?or\ghly8 ,w\ld x n be m cr$itable to our pr(ession1 & m conv5i5t = ! p>5ts1 to h a selection c>efully made & pr9t$ by itself8 ,& %\ld n ! mo/ important books be left ov] to be tak5 9 connection ) ! p>ticul> call+s to :i* !y ref]8 ,let ^? :o are gift$ ) imag9ation make a special /udy ( ! poets1 & ^? :o take mo/ int]e/ 9 ! records ( memorable de$s devote !mselves to hi/ory4 ,if m5 ( great] le>n+ h leisure & desire to read1 !y may use hi/ories = pleasure z an aft]-d9n] /udy1 nei!r try+ ! bra9 nor prov+ t$i\s1 s9ce !y _c g5]ally be accept$ z a basis ( judgm5t1 because ignorance ( ! circum/ances causes a difficulty 9 apply+ conclusions4 ,!y may also run ?r\gh ! poets :5 !y are dispos$ to laugh1 & to behold :at brav]y en?usiasm inspire?4 ,= :5 poets write sob]ly & pla9ly1 )\t attempt+ any illusion1 !y c sc>cely be call$ poets1 ?\gh !y write 9 v]se1 b only :5 !y cov] a tru? ) a veil ( fancy1 & transfigure ! reality4 ,we %\ld !re=e cull out "s ( ! be/ & mo/ suitable = our introductory c\rse1 & leave all ! re/ = special /ud5ts1 & t n 9 ! poets & hi/ories alone1 b also 9 all o!r books t are n[ admitt$ into our s*ools4 ,"s v excell5t passages1 mo/ eloqu5tly & =cibly p5n$ = ! poli%+ ( good mann]s & inducem5t to virtue1 may be pick$ out ( "s ( ! poets1 & f none m ?an ,horace4 ,b he$ mu/ be tak5 t we d n plant any poetic fury 9 ! *ild's disposition4 ,= t impetu\s imag9ation1 :]e x already exi/s1 is 9 itself too wayw>d1 ?\gh x be n help$ =w>d1 & :]e x is n pres5t x %\ld 9 no case be =c$4 ,z = o!r writ]s1 reg>d mu/ be paid to ! numb] & *oice ( _! words1 ! smoo?ness & propriety ( _! composition1 & ! solid wor? ( _! matt]4 ,qu9tilian's rule is ! be/1 & %\ld always be obs]v$ 9 *oos+ writ]s = *ildr5 to le>n1 to pick out su* z w fe$ ! intellig5ce ) ! be/ mat]ial1 & ref9e ! tongue ) ! mo/ poli%$ /yle1 s t we avoid alike trivial & unsuitable matt]1 h[ev] eloqu5tly set =?1 & :at is rudely express$1 h[ev] weighty & wise x may be1 res]v+ only ^? passages :]e ! good t5d5cy & intelligibility ( ! subject are clo!d & hon\r$ ) ref9$ & fitt+ language4 ,i int5d myself1 by ! grace ( ,god1 to be/[ "s pa9s on ?is task1 if ,i see any hope ( my lab\r be+ enc\rag$4 ,if any "o else w take ! matt] up ,i am ready to /& aside & rejoice 9 8 success2 if none o!r w1 !n ,i tru/ my c\ntry w be> ) me :5 ,i (f] my dutiful s]vice 9 s necess>y a case4 ,if any "o ( high] position %\ld be incl9$ to res5t my action1 ,i mu/ appeal to ! public judgm5t1 yet if su* a "o does n /ep =? & prove 8 own skill1 he _c compla9 if ano!r speaks :ile he is sil5t4 ,i crave ! g5tle & fri5dly con/ruction ( su* z be le>n$1 or love le>n+1 & if ,i %\ld h ! mis=tune to dissatisfy any 9 my "w1 ,i w d my be/ to improve x4 ,s*ool ,regulations4 ,! second rem$y = ! difficulties ( tea*]s is to set =? ! s*ool regulations 9 a public place1 :]e !y may be easily se5 & read1 & to leave z little z possible unc]ta9 :i* ! p>5t ought to "k1 & out ( :i* dissatisfaction may arise4 ,= if at ! fir/ entry ! p>5t agree to ^? arrangem5ts :i* he sees set =?1 s t he _c aft]w>ds plead ei!r ignorance or disapproval1 he _c take (f5ce if 8 *ild be =c$ to keep !m 9 ! =m to :i* he cons5t$4 ,yet :5 all is done !re may be d\bt ab\t ! int]pretation ( ! rules4 ,:]e=e ! mann] ( tea*+1 ! me?od ( promotion1 ! times ( admission1 ! division ( numb]s1 ! text-books1 & all ^? matt]s into :i* uni=mity c be introduc$1 be+ already kn[n to be fix$ by au?ority1 z ,i tru/ !y w be1 or at lea/ ! arrangem5ts be+ set d[n :i* ! s*oolma/] on 8 own judgm5t int5ds to keep1 x w fur!r remove ! *ance ( cont5tion betwe5 ! tea*] & ! p>5ts if x be also /at$ :at are ! regul> h\rs ( "w1 exceptions be+ made 9 special cases1 & :at w be ! int]vals = play1 :i* inde$ is v necess>y1 & n z yet suffici5tly tak5 into acc\nt4 ,puni%m5ts4 ,b ! tea*] mu/ above all make cle> :at puni%m5ts he w use1 & h[ mu*1 = e k9d ( fault t %all seem puni%able by ! rod4 ,= ! rod c no m be sp>$ 9 s*ools ?an ! sword 9 ! h& ( ! ,pr9ce4 ,by ! rod ,i mean "s =m ( correction1 to inspire fe>4 ,if t in/rum5t be ?\ght too sev]e = boys1 :i* 0 n devis$ by our "t1 b receiv$ f antiquity1 ,i w n /rive ) any man 9 its def5ce1 if he w leave u "s means = compell+ ob$i5ce :]e numb]s h to be taught toge!r4 ,ev5 9 private upbr++1 if ! bir* is :olly bani%$ f ! home1 p>5ts _c h _! w1 :atev] !y may say4 ,& if 9 m5 s]i\s faults des]ve & receive sev]e puni%m5t1 surely *ildr5 _c escape puni%m5ts :i* br+ proportional unhapp9ess4 ,& if p>5ts 7 z c>eful to enquire into ! reasons :y _! *ild has be5 beat5 z !y are ready to be unreasonably aggriev$1 !y might ga9 a great deal m = ! *ild's advantage1 & ! *ild himself w\ld lose no?+ by ! p>5t's assurance4 ,b commonly 9 su* cases ra%ness has its recomp5se1 ! error be+ se5 :5 ! mis*ief is incurable1 & rep5tance is useless4 ,beat+1 h[ev]1 mu/ only be = ill-behavi\r1 n = failure 9 le>n+1 & x 7 m ?an fooli% to hide all faults & (f5ces "u ! "n ( 8n le>n+40 ,:at w\ld t *ild be )\t beat+1 :o ev5 ) x c h>dly be reclaim$1 ^: capacity is suffici5t1 ! only h9drance ly+ 9 8 evil disposition8 ,! aim ( our s*ools is le>n+2 if x fails ?r\gh neglig5ce1 puni% ! neglig5ce1 if by any o!r wilful fault1 puni% t fault4 ,let ! tea*] make x cle> :at ! puni%m5t is =1 & leave z little z possible to ! report ( ! *ild1 :o w always make ! be/ ( 8 own case1 & w be soon] believ$ ?an ev5 ! be/ ma/]1 especially if 8 "m be 8 c\nsellor1 or if 8 fa!r be incon/ant & )\t judgm5t4 ,! s*oolma/] mu/ !re=e h a li/ made out ( s*ool faults1 beg9n+ ) moral (f5ces1 su* z swe>+1 disob$i5ce1 ly+1 /eal+1 & be>+ false witness1 & includ+ also m9or brea*es ( discipl9e1 su* z truancy & unpunctuality4 ,to ea* ( ^! %\ld be apportion$ a c]ta9 numb] ( /ripes1 n _m b un*angeable4 ,! ma/] %\ld also try to secure t ! fault %\ld be confess$1 if possible1 )\t compulsion1 & ! boy cle>ly convict$ by ! v]dict ( 8 s*oolfell[s4 ,= o!rwise *ildr5 w dispute ! matt] vigor\sly1 rely+ on cr$ulity & p>tiality at home4 ,if any ( _! companions be appo9t$ monitors--& su* help mu/ be _h :]e ! ma/] _c always be pres5t himself--& take !m napp+1 !y w allege spite or "s private grudge4 ,& if ! ma/] use correction1 to support ! au?ority ( 8 lieut5ants1 ! culprit w compla9 at home t he ha? be5 beat5 )\t cause4 ,if ! ma/] po/pone puni%m5t1 ! delay w s]ve !m to devise "s way ( escape1 9 :i* !y c c\nt ^u home support4 ,to tell tales out ( s*ool1 :i* 9 old5 times 0 held to be high treason1 is n[ commonly practis$ 9 an unwor?y way4 ,!re are s _m petty /ratagems & devices t boys w use to save !mselves t ! ma/] mu/ be v circumspect1 & leave no appe>ance ( impunity :]e a p5alty is really des]v$4 ,x 7 inde$ "s loss ( "t = le>n+ to sp5d any 9 beat+ if x did n seem to make = ! improvem5t ( mann]s & conduct4 ,x is pass+ h>d to reclaim a boy 9 :om long impunity ha? graft$ a c>eless security1 or r a /urdy insol5ce2 & yet fri5ds w urge t ! boy %\ld n be beat5 = fe> ( disc\rag+ him1 ?\gh !y w h cause to regret ?is aft]w>ds4 ,x is also n good aft] any correction to let *ildr5 dwell too long on ! pa9 !y h suff]$1 le/ x cause too mu* res5tm5t1 unless ! p>5ts are wise & /eadfa/2 & inde$ t *ild is happy :o has su* p>5ts1 & :o lights z well on a skilful & discreet ma/] :o acts 9 h>mony ) !m4 8,b c]ta9ly x is mo/ true1 :atev] plausible argum5ts may be us$ 9 a contr>y s5se1 t ! det]m9$ ma/] :o c use ! rod discreetly1 ?\gh he may displease "s :o ?9k all puni%m5t indiscreet :5 x falls on _! own *ildr51 do? p]=m 8 duty be/1 & w always br+ up ! be/ s*ol>s4 ,no ma/] ( any =ce ( "* c d o!r ?an well1 :]e ! p>5ts foll[ ! same treatm5t at home :i* ! tea*] does at s*ool1 & if !y disapprove ( any?+1 w r make a compla9t to ! ma/] privately ?an condole ) _! *ild op5ly1 & 9 s do+ br+ ab\t m mis*ief 9 "o direction ?an !y c d good 9 any o!r4 ,! same faults mu/ be faults at home :i* are faults at s*ool1 & mu/ be foll[$ by ! same consequ5ces 9 bo? places1 s t ! *ild's good may be consid]$ cont9u\sly z well 9 correction z 9 comm5dation40 ,^? :o write mo/ /rongly 9 fav\r ( g5tl5ess 9 education res]ve a place = ! rod1 & we :o frankly face ! ne$ = sev]ity on occasion1 recomm5d tea*]s to use c\rtesy t[>ds _! pupils :5ev] x is possible4 ,! diff]5ce is t !y seem to make mu* ( c\rtesy1 b are =c$ by ! position to confess ! ne$ = ! rod1 :ile we1 ?\gh accept+ ! necessity op5ly1 are yet m incl9$ to g5tl5ess ?an ^? :o make great] pr(essions 9 _! desire to curry fav\r4 ,i w\ld r haz>d ! reproa* ( be+ a sev]e ma/] 9 mak+ a boy le>n :at may aft]w>ds be ( s]vice to him1 ev5 ?\gh he be neglig5t & unwill+ at ! "t1 ?an t he %\ld lack any advantage :5 he is old]1 because ,i fail$ to make him le>n1 ow+ to my va9 desire to be consid]$ a c\rte\s tea*]4 ,a s*oolma/]1 if he be really wise1 w ei!r prev5t 8 pupils f committ+ faults1 or :5 !y are committ$1 w turn ! matt] to ! be/ acc\nt1 b 9 any case he mu/ h full discretion giv5 to him to use sev]ity or g5tl5ess z he ?9ks be/1 )\t any appeal4 ,b ,i d ?9k g5tl5ess & c\rtesy t[>ds *ildr5 m ne$ful ?an beat+4 ,i h myself _h ?\s&s ( pupils pass+ ?r\gh my h&s :om ,i nev] beat1 because !y ne$$ x n2 b if ! rod _h n be5 9 sight to assure !m ( puni%m5t if !y act$ amiss1 !y might h des]v$ x4 ,yet 9 reg>d to ^? :o came next to ! be/1 ,i f\nd t ,i w\ld h done bett] if ,i _h us$ m correction & less g5tl5ess1 aft] c>elessness _h got head 9 !m4 ,:]e=e1 ,i mu/ ne$s say t :]e numb]s h to be dealt )1 ! rod ought to rule1 & ev5 :]e !re are few1 x ought to be se51 h[ev] h>d ?is may s\nd4 ,b ! ma/] mu/ always h a fa!rly affection ev5 = ! mo/ unsatisfactory boy1 & mu/ look ^u ! s*ool z a place ( am5dm5t1 :]e failures are b\nd to occur4 ,condition ( ,tea*]s4 ,:]e ! sal>y is suffici5t1 x is well = a s*oolma/] to be m>ri$1 = affection t[>ds 8 own *ildr5 w give him a m fa!rly feel+ t[>ds o!rs1 & smallness ( sal>y w make a s+le man remove soon]1 z he has less to c>ry ) him4 ,an old] tea*] %\ld be m fit to gov]n1 be+ m con/ant & free f ! levity ( y\?1 & ow+ to ! discretion & le>n+ :i* ye>s %\ld br+ ) !m4 ,:5 all is done1 ! poor tea*] mu/ be subject to z mu* z ! sun is1 9 hav+ to %9e ^u all1 & see mu* m ?an he c am5d4 ,8 life is ardu\s1 & !re=e he %\ld be piti$2 x is cle>ly useful1 & !re=e he %\ld be *]i%$2 x wre/les ) un?ankfulness above all measure1 & !re=e he %\ld be com=t$ ) all enc\ragem5t4 ,"o displeas$ p>5t w d m h>m 9 tak+ (f5ce at "s trifle1 ?an a ?\s& ( ! mo/ grateful w ev] d good1 ?\gh x be nev] s well des]v$4 ,su* small recomp5se is giv5 = ! great] pa9s1 ! v acqua9tance dy+ out :5 ! *ild leaves ! s*ool1 ?\gh ) confess$ cr$it & manife/ pr(it4 ,b :at call+ is !re :i* has n to combat ) disc\rtesies8 ,pati5ce mu/ com=t :5 difficulty disc\rage?1 & a resolute m9d is a bulw>k to itself4 ,consultation ab\t ,*ildr54 ,( all ! means devis$ by policy & reflection to fur!r ! upbr++ ( *ildr51 z reg>ds ei!r le>n+ or good habits1 ,i see none comp>able to ^! two--conf]5ce among all ^? :o are int]e/$ 9 see+ *ildr5 well br\ght up1 & sy/ematic con/ancy 9 c>ry+ out :at is s plann$ by g5]al agreem5t1 s t !re %all be no *anges except :]e circum/ances dem& x4 ,! conf]5ce ( ^? int]e/$ 9 ! upbr++ ( *ildr5 may be ( f\r k9ds--betwe5 p>5ts & neighb\rs1 betwe5 tea*]s & neighb\rs1 betwe5 p>5ts & tea*]s1 & betwe5 tea*]s & tea*]s4 ,"u ! t]m 8neighb\rs0 ,i include all /rang]s :o are mov$ ei!r by duty or c\rtesy to help 9 ! tra9+ ( *ildr54 ,n[ if p>5ts are will+ to take c\nsel ) su*1 !y may le>n by ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs h[ to deal ) _! own families4 ,if neighb\rs are will+ to give advice to p>5ts :5 !y notice any?+ amiss 9 _! *ildr51 is x n hon\rable 9 !m to act s hone/ly8 ,& does x n %[ wisdom 9 p>5ts to take x 9 a fri5dly _s8 ,& are n ^! *ildr5 =tunate :o h su* solicit\s help]s among _! fri5ds1 & su* consid]ate li/5]s at home4 ,?is consultation may be betwe5 ! neighb\r & ! tea*]4 ,9 ?is ! tea*] mu/ act v w>ily1 = he has to consid] :at cr$it he may give to ! in=m]1 h[ f> ! s*ol> is capable ( am5dm5t1 & h[ ! p>5ts w look at ! matt]4 ,:5 ! p>5t is deal+ ) 8 own *ild1 ei!r f 8 own k or f accept$ report1 8 judgm5t is life or dea?1 )\t appeal1 b :5 ! tea*] takes ?is (fice on him _m objections may be made4 #8,:y did y believe8 ,:y did he m$dle8 ,:y did y act 9 ?is way8' ,b if su* consultation be wisely h&l$ by all conc]n$1 x w be a great advantage to ! *ild to be made to feel t1 :]ev] he is & :atev] he does1 if anyone sees him1 8 p>5t or 8 ma/]1 or bo? toge!r1 w also see him ?r\gh ! eyes ( o!rs4 ,z = consultation betwe5 p>5ts & tea*]s1 ,i h already said mu* on ?is head1 b x is su* an important matt] t ,i c nev] say too mu* ab\t x1 because _! fri5dly & fai?ful co-op]ation br+s ab\t p]petual ob$i5ce 9 ! *ild1 scorn ( evil1 & desire to d well4 ,no?+ h9d]s ?is s mu* z cr$ulity & p>tiality 9 ! p>5ts1 :5 !y are unable to )/& _! *ildr5's te>s & plead+ aga9/ "s des]v$ puni%m5t4 ,?\gh ! p>5ts may at ! "t ga9 _! po9t1 !y w f9d 9 ! end t !y _c h _! own w z !y w\ld l4 ,su* consultation is ( special value :5 ! *ild is leav+ s*ool to proce$ onw>d to fur!r le>n+1 & :5 !re is a "q ( *ang+ ma/]s ow+ to "s fanci$ grievance4 ,9 ! =m] case1 ! p>5t by seek+ ! tea*]'s advice c be sur] ( 8 gr\nd4 ,9 ! latt] case1 x may prev5t loss to ! *ild ?r\gh misund]/&+4 ,y are (f5d$ ) ! ma/]1 b h y conf]r$ ) him1 & expla9$ to him op5ly ! cause ( y\r dissatisfaction8 ,h y made q sure t ! fault is n 9 y\r son1 or 9 y\rself8 ,if ! ma/] be wise1 & if he ha? be5 advis$ly *os51 ?\gh he %\ld *ance to h err$1 he w "k h[ to make am5ds2 if he be n wise1 !n ! consultation w help to %[ him up1 & make x c]ta9 h[ mu* tru/ c be put 9 him4 ,i mu/ ne$s say once = all t !re is no public or private means t makes s mu* = ! good upbr++ ( *ildr5 z ?is conf]5ce betwe5 p>5ts & tea*]s4 ,! la/ k9d ( consultation t ,i recomm5d is t among ! memb]s ( ! tea*+ pr(ession1 :i* has a good influ5ce on education g5]ally4 ,c any s+le p]son1 or ev5 a few1 h[ev] skilful !y may be1 see ! tru? z cle>ly z a numb] c1 9 common consultation8 ,ev5 9 matt]s n conc]n$ ) le>n+ su* conf]5ce is f\nd pr(itable1 & :]e x is practis$ among tea*]s = ! common good1 x may h ! advantage ( giv+ =? a unanim\s op9ion to ! public4 ,9 places :]e !re are a numb] ( s*ools )9 a small compass1 ?is k9d ( conf]5ce c be easily secur$ & is v desirable4 ,sy/ematic ,direction4 ,! next condition ( good upbr++ is ! be/ (fspr+ ( wise conf]5ces1 namely1 c]ta9ty ( direction1 indicat+ :at to d & :at to le>n1 h[ to d & h[ to le>n1 :5 & :]e to d t :i* ref9es ! behavi\r1 & to le>n t :i* advance? k4 ,= *ildr51 be+ !mselves ignorant1 mu/ h sy/em to direct !m1 & tra9]s mu/ n devise some?+ new e day1 b %\ld at once make def9itely kn[n :at !y w require f ! *ildr51 & :at ! *ildr5 may look = at _! h&s4 ,?is sy/ematic regul>ity mu/ be laid d[n & ma9ta9$ 9 s*ools = le>n+1 9 ! home = behavi\r1 & 9 *ur*es = religion1 because ^! ?ree places are ! *ief resorts t *ildr5 h4 ,9 s*ool+ x assure? ! p>5ts z to :at is promis$ !re1 & h[ f> x is likely to be p]=m$1 by in=m+ !m ( ! me?od & ord]s t are set d[n2 x directe? ! *ildr5 z by a well-trodd5 pa?1 h[ to come to :]e _! j\rney lie?2 x relieve? ! ma/]'s m9d by putt+ 8 mean+ & wi%es into writ+1 & giv+ ! results ( exp]i5ce 9 a =m t c be foll[$ z by habit )\t con/ant r5ewal4 ,z = regul>ity at home1 ,i h already urg$ x1 9 wi%+ t p>5ts w\ld act s 9 ! home t !re may be con=mity betwe5 _! managem5t & t ( ! s*ool4 ,by ?is means nei!r w\ld s*ools h cause to compla9 ( infection f private corruption1 nor w\ld !y easily s5d any misdemean\r home1 s9ce ! *ild w\ld be sure to be %>ply *eck$ by its p>5ts = any ill-do+4 ,!re %\ld be ! utmo/ regul>ity = *ildr5 9 ! home1 decid+ = !m :5 to rise & :5 to g to b$1 :5 & h[ to say _! morn+ & ev5+ pray]s1 :5 & h[ to greet _! p>5ts night & morn+1 on leav+ & on ent]+ ! h\se1 at meat & on o!r occasions4 ,ob$i5ce to ! pr9ce & to ! laws is securely gr\nd$ :5 private h\ses are s well ord]$2 !re is little ne$ = prea*+ :5 private tra9+ is s c>efully c>ri$ out4 ,regul>ity & ord] are equally ne$ful = *ildr5 :5 !y att5d ! *ur*es on holidays & fe/ivals4 ,all ! "y ones ( ! p>i% %\ld be plac$ 9 a p>ticul> "p ( ! *ur*1 :]e !y c be prop]ly sup]vis$1 none be+ suff]$ to range ?r\gh ! /reets on any pret5ce1 & all be+ 9 ! eye ( ! p>5ts & p>i%ion]s4 ,!y mu/ fur!r be att5tive to ! div9e s]vice & le>n betimes to rev]5ce ! rule !y w aft]w>ds h to live by4 ,regul>ity br+s pres5t pleasure & mu* advantage lat] on1 & he t is acqua9t$ ) discipl9e 9 8 y\? w ?9k himself 9 exile if he f9d x n 9 old age4 ,:oev] p]ceives & deplores ! pres5t v>iety 9 s*ool+1 ! disord] 9 families1 & ! dissolut5ess 9 ! *ur*1 w ?9k ,i h n said amiss4 ,yet ?is sy/ematic regul>ity is n to be s rigid t x w n yield to discretion :]e a *ange 9 ! circum/ances dem&s x4 ,z n[ our tea*+ consi/e? 9 tongues1 if "s o!r ?+ at a future "t seems fitt] = ! ,/ate1 x mu/ be adopt$ & giv5 its prop] place4 ,b 9 mak+ *anges x is well to alt] by degrees1 & n ov]turn ev]y?+ all at once4 ,un=tunately human nature is readi] to receive a numb] ( corrupt+ influ5ces ?an to take pa9s to less5 a s+le evil by degrees4 ,?us bold h ,i be5 ) y1 my good & c\rte\s fell[-c\ntrym51 9 tak+ up y\r "t ) a multitude ( words1 ^: =ce ,i "k n1 b ^: purpose ha? be5 to %[ h[1 9 my op9ion1 ! pres5t great v>iety 9 tea*+ may be r$uc$ to "s uni=mity4 ,i h giv5 free expression to my op9ions1 n because ,i am greatly dissatisfi$ ) :at we h1 b because ,i (t5 wi% = :at we h n1 z some?+ mu* bett]1 & ! r to be wi%$ because x might be s easily atta9$4 ,i might h set =? my pr9ciples 9 aphori/ic =m1 leav+ comm5t>y & recomm5dation to exp]i5ce & "t1 b 9 ! fir/ place ,i d n des]ve s mu* cr$it t my b>e ^w %\ld /& = a w>rant1 & 9 ! second place ,i 0 unwill+ to ali5ate by precise brevity ^? :om ,i might w9 ov] by argum5t4 ,:]e=e ,i h writt5 on all ! v>i\s po9ts en\gh1 ,i ?9k1 = any read] :o w be cont5t ) reason1--too mu*1 ,i fe>1 = s evid5t a matt]1 z ,i believe ^! pr9ciples _c be sub/antially contradict$4 ,= ,i h gr\nd$ !m ^u read+1 & "s reasonable exp]i5ce1 & h appli$ !m to ! circum/ances ( ?is c\ntry1 )\t attempt+ to en=ce any =eign or /range device4 ,moreov] ,i h tri$ to leav5 !m ) common-s5se1 9 :i* long tea*+ ha? left me n entirely defici5t4 ,i d n take ^u me1 dictator-l1 to pron\nce p]emptorily1 b 9 ! way ( c\nsel to say :at ,i h le>n$ by long tea*+1 by read+ some:at1 & obs]v+ m2 & ,i mu/ pray my fell[-c\ntrym5 s to und]/& me1 = hav+ be5 urg$ ^! _m ye>s by "s ( my fri5ds to publi% some?+1 & nev] hi!rto hav+ v5tur$ into pr9t1 ,i might seem to h let ! re9s ( mode/y run loose1 if at my fir/ attempt ,i %\ld seem l a ,caes> to (f] to make laws4 ,h[beit1 my ye>s beg9n+ to decl9e1 & c]ta9 ( my obs]vations seem+ to "s folks to crave utt]ance1 ,i ?\ght x wor? ! haz>d ( ga9+ "s m5's fav\r4 ,my wi%es p]haps may seem sometimes to be novelties4 ,novelties p]haps !y are1 z all am5dm5ts to ! ?+ t ne$e? r$ress mu/ be1 b at lea/ !y are n fanta/ic1 hav+ _! seat 9 ! cl\ds4 ,i am n ! only "o :o has ev] wi%$ = *ange4 ,if my wi% 7 impossible ( fulfilm5t1 ?\gh x seem$ desirable1 x w\ld des]ve to be d5i$1 b :]e ! ?+ is bo? pr(itable & possible1 :y %\ld x n be br\ght ab\t1 if wi%+ may procure x8 ,i wi% conv5i5t accommodation = le>n+ & ex]cise4 ,?is does n n[ exi/ 9 e "p ( ! c\ntry1--inde$ x sc>cely exi/s any:]e z yet4 ,i w\ld n h wi%$ x if !re _h be5 any real difficulty 9 accompli%+ x1 & x w n come ab\t be=e ! wi% is express$4 ,!re is no h]esy nor h>m 9 my wi%es1 :i* are all = ! good & happ9ess ( my c\ntry4 ,! ,/&>d ( ,engli% ,spell+4 ,because ,i take ^u me to direct ^? :o tea* *ildr5 to read & write ,engli%1 & because ! read+ mu/ ne$s be su* z writ+ leads to1 !re=e ,i w ?or\ghly exam9e ! :ole c]ta9ty ( our ,engli% writ+1 z f> z ,i am able1 because x is a ?+ bo? prop] to my subject & pr(itable to my c\ntry4 ,= our natural tongue be+ z b5eficial to u = our ne$ful expression z any o!r is to ! p :o use x1 & hav+ z pretty & fair phrases 9 x1 & be+ z ready to yield to any rule ( art z any o!r1 :y %\ld ,i n take "s pa9s to f9d out ! correct writ+ ( ours1 z m5 h done 9 o!r c\ntries ) !irs8 ,& s mu* ! r because x is ass]t$ t ! writ+ ( x is exce$+ly unc]ta91 & c sc>cely be rescu$ f extreme confusion )\t "s extreme measure4 ,i mean1 !re=e1 to deal ) x 9 su* a way t ,i may wipe away ! op9ion t x is ei!r unc]ta9 & confus$ or incapable ( direction1 s t bo? native ,engli% p may h "s secure place to re/ 91 & /rang]s :o desire x may h "s c]ta9 means ( le>n+ ! language4 ,= ! p]=mance ( ?is task1 & = my own bett] guidance1 ,i w fir/ exam9e ! means by :i* o!r tongues ( mo/ sacr$ antiquity h be5 br\ght to arti/ic =m & discipl9e = _! correct writ+1 to ! end t by foll[+ _! way ,i may hit ^u _! me?od1 & at ! lea/ by _! example may devise "s means correspond+ to !irs1 :]e ! cu/om ( our tongue & ! nature ( our spee* w n admit ( ! same c\rse be+ exactly foll[$4 ,t be+ done1 ,i w try all ! v>iety ( our pres5t writ+1 & r$uce ! unc]ta9 =ce ( all our lett]s to z mu* c]ta9ty z any writ+ c atta94 ,i beg9 at ! subject ( correct writ+1 because read+1 :i* is ! fir/ elem5t>y /udy1 mu/ be direct$ bo? 9 precept & practice accord+ to ! way t ! ?+ :i* is to be read is writt5 or pr9t$4 ,& consid]+ t ! correct writ+ ( our tongue is /ill 9 "q1 "s1 :o are too f> 9 advance1 e/eem+ x q unfit1 "s1 :o are too f> beh9d1 ?9k+ x p]fect en\gh1 "s1 :o h ! s\nde/ op9ion1 judg+ x to be on ! :ole well appo9t$1 ?\gh 9 c]ta9 p>ticul>s requir+ to be improv$1 is x n a v necess>y lab\r to fix ! writ+1 s t ! read+ may be sure8 ,n[1 9 exam9+ ! correct me?od ( our writ+1 ,i beg9 at t :i* ! le>n$ tongues us$1 to f9d out :at 0 "r = !mselves1 :5 !y 7 9 ! same position 9 :i* ours n[ is4 ,= all tongues keep "o & ! same rule = _! ma9 developm5t1 ?\gh ea* has its special features4 ,9 ?is way ,i %all be able to answ] all ^? objections :i* *>ge our writ+ ) ei!r insuffici5cy or confusion1 & also to exam9e1 z by a sure t\*/one1 all ! o!r supplem5ts :i* h be5 devis$ h]et(ore to help our writ+1 by ei!r alt]+ ! old *>act]s1 or devis+ "s new1 or increas+ _! numb]4 ,= if ! o!r tongues t h be5 s highly e/eem$1 :5 !y 7 subject to1 & *>g$ )1 ^! same suppos$ wants ) :i* our writ+ is n[ burd5$1 deliv]$ !mselves by o!r means ?an ei!r alt]+1 or sup]s$+1 or increas+ _! *>act]s1 & made use ( _! own mat]ial1 :y %\ld we seek means t are /range & n 9 keep+ ) our language :5 we h su* a patt]n to p]fect our writ+ by s well-w>rant$ a prec$5t8 ,t ! f9e/ tongue 0 once q rude is prov$ by ! v c\rse ( nature1 :i* proce$s f weakness to /r5g?1 f imp]fection to p]fection1 f a l[ degree to a high dignity4 ,:at means1 !n1 did ^? languages use1 :i* h won ! op9ion ( be+ correctly writt51 to come by ! me?od t produc$ t op9ion8 ,!re are two consid]ations 9 reg>d to spee* conc]n+ ! way t has be5 foll[$ 9 its ref9+4 ,= if we look into ! fir/ degree ( ref9+1 be=e :i* no tongue at all _h any beauty 9 ! p51 we h to consid] h[ ! v fir/ language proce$$ f h] fir/ rud5ess to h] fulle/ p]fection4 ,aga91 we h to consid] h[ o!r second>y languages h improv$ & purifi$ !mselves by foll[+ ! same me?od z t us$ by ! primitive tongue4 ,b ,i desire to be w>rant$ by !m bo?1 t is1 to foll[ ! fir/ ref9]s & also ! second improv]s 9 ?is c\rse1 :i*1 z f> z ,i "k1 no man has yet kept 9 ?is subject1 ?\gh sev]al h writt5 or?ographies4 ,& my op9ion is1 t x be/ beseems a s*ol> to proce$ by art to any recov]y f ! claws ( ignorance4 ,!re=e1 ,i w exam9e1 ev5 f ! v root1 h[ & by :at degrees ! v fir/ tongue seems to h come by h] p]fection 9 writ+1 & :at means 7 tak5 to cont9ue t p]fection1 ev] s9ce ! "t t any tongue 0 p]fect$4 ,consid]ation1 h[ev]1 mu/ always be _h to ! special peculi>ities ( any p>ticul> tongue1 z ^! _c be compris$ "u a g5]al precept along ) any o!r tongue1 b mu/ be treat$ z exceptions to ! common rule4 ,& yet ev5 ^! p>ticul> features are n omitt$ 9 ! g5]al me?od ( ! fir/ ref9+1 & ?us x is comm5d$ to u by means ( translations1 :i* come 9 ! ?ird degree1 & ref9e aft] ! fir/1 by foll[+ ! int]v5+ process4 ,n[1 9 ?is long passage f ! fir/ condition ( extreme rud5ess to ! la/ neatness ( f9i%$ skill1 ,i w "n ?ree /ages1 ea* naturally succe$+ ! o!r1 :]e ! read]'s und]/&+ may alight & g on foot1 if x be we>i$ ) rid+4 ,! fir/ /age is :ile ! s\nd alone bore sway 9 writ+4 ,! second is :ile cons5t 9 use remov$ au?ority f s\nd alone to ! jo9t rule ( reason1 cu/om1 & s\nd4 ,! ?ird1 :i* is n[ 9 progress1 is :ile reason & cu/om secure _! own jo9t gov]nm5t ) s\nd by means ( art4 ,= z s\nd1 l a re/ra9$ b n bani%$ ,t>qu9ius1 desir+ to be re/or$ to 8 fir/ sole mon>*y1 & f9d+ support]s only 9 ! prov9ce ( s\nd1 s\ght to make a tumult among ! writ]s1 ev] aft] t reason & cu/om 7 jo9$ ) him 9 commission4 ,i w1 !re=e1 fir/ deal ) ! gov]nm5t 9 writ+ :i* 0 "u s\nd1 :5 ev]y?+ 0 writt5 accord+ to ! s\nd1 ?\gh t /age came to an end long ago4 ,i %\ld beg9 too f> back 9 seek+ out ! gr\nd ( correct writ+1 if ,i %\ld enquire ei!r :o devis$ lett]s fir/1 or :o wrote fir/1--a ?+ z unc]ta9 to be kn[n z x w\ld be fruitless if x 7 kn[n4 ,= :at c]ta9ty c !re be ( s old a ?+1 or :at pr(it c arise f kn[+ "o man's "n1 ev5 if "o 7 ! f\nd]1 :i* c sc>cely be8 ,= ?\gh he be hon\r$ = ! fruit ( 8 inv5tion1 yet 8 au?ority w\ld d small good1 see+ t ! matt] 9 "q is to be confirm$ n by ! cr$it ( ! inv5tor1 :o dwells we "k n :]e1 b by ! us]'s pr(it1 :i* ev]yone feels4 ,& !re=e z !y :o devis$ ! ?+ fir/ 7= x 0 ! inv5tion ( no "o man1 nor ( any "o age71 did a m>vell\sly good turn to all _! po/]ity1 s we1 z _! po/]ity1 mu/ ?9k well ( ! inv5tors1 & mu/ judge t pure necessity 0 ! f\ndress ( lett]s1 & ( all writ+1 z x has be5 ! only g5]al bre$] ( all ?+s t bett] our life1 ne$ & want =c+ m5's wits to seek = su* helps4 ,= z ! tongue convey$ spee* no fur!r ?an to ^? t 7 )9 he>+1 & ! necessity ( communication (t5 arose betwe5 p]sons :o 7 fur!r (f1 a device 0 made to s]ve ! eye af> (f by ! means ( lett]s1 z nature satisfi$ ! e> close at h& by ! use ( spee*4 ,= ! h&+ d[n ( le>n+ by ! p5 to po/]ity 0 n ! fir/ cause ( f9d+ out lett]s1 b an excell5t use p]ceiv$ to be 9 !m to s]ve = p]petuity a great :ile aft] !y _h be5 f\nd by necessity4 ,! lett]s be+ ?us f\nd out 9 ord] to s]ve a ne$ful turn1 took ! =ce ( express+ e di/9ct s\nd 9 ! voice1 n by !mselves or any virtue 9 _! =m 7= :at lik5ess or aff9ity has ! =m ( any lett] 9 its own nature to ! =ce or s\nd 9 a man's voice87 b only by cons5t ( ! m5 :o fir/ inv5t$ !m1 & ! happy use ( !m p]ceiv$ by ^? :o fir/ receiv$ !m4 ,h]eupon 9 ! fir/ writ+ ! s\nd alone l$ ! p51 & e ^w 0 writt5 ) ! lett]s t ! s\nd comm&$1 because ! lett]s 7 inv5t$ to express s\nds4 ,!n = ! correct mann] ( writ+1 :o 0 sov]eign & judge b s\nd alone8 ,:o gave s5t5ce ( p51 ink1 & pap]1 b s\nd alone8 ,!n ev]yone1 h[ev] unskilful1 0 p>tak] 9 ! au?ority ( t gov]nm5t by s\nd4 ,& !re 0 good reason :y s\nd %\ld rule alone1 & all ^? h a %>e 9 ! gov]nm5t ( s\nd1 :o 7 able ev5 to make a s\nd4 ,9 ^? days1 all ! argum5ts t cleave s firmly to ! pr]ogative ( s\nd1 & plead s greatly = 8 int]e/1 9 ! sett+ d[n ( lett]s1 7 e/eem$ mo/ highly1 z be+ mo/ agreeable to ! "t1 & mo/ s]viceable to ! ,/ate4 ,b aft]w>ds :5 s\nd ^u suffici5t cause 0 depos$ f 8 mon>*y1 z be+ no fit p]son to rule ! p5 alone1 & _h o!rs jo9$ ) him 9 ! same commission1 :o 7 ( z good c\nt5ance z he1 ?\gh n meant to act )\t him1 !n _! cr$it 0 n at all s absolute1 ?\gh reasonably good /ill4 ,?is any well-advis$ support]s ( s\nd may well p]ceive1 & be well cont5t )1 if !y w b m>k ! re/riction 9 ! au?ority ( s\nd1 & its causes4 ,= z great inconv5i5ces foll[$1 & ! writ+ itself prov$ m false ?an true1 :5 ! p5 set d[n ! =m t ! e> sugge/$ to answ] a p>ticul> s\nd1 & z ! s\nd itself 0 too imp]i\s1 )\t m]cy or =giv5ess :atev] ju/ification ! contr>y side _h1 m5 ( good und]/&+1 :o p]ceiv$ & dislik$ ?is imp]i\sness ( s\nd1 :i* 0 ma9ta9$ ) great unc]ta9ty1--nay r ) confusion ?an assurance ( "r1--assembl$ !mselves toge!r to conf] ^u a matt] ( su* g5]al int]e/1 & 9 ! end1 aft] resolute & ripe delib]ation1 pres5t$ !mselves be=e s\nd1 us+ ! foll[+ argum5ts to modify 8 hum\r1 b seek+ r to p]suade ?an compel3 ,t x w\ld please him to take _! spee* 9 good "p1 consid]+ t x conc]n$ n _! private good1 b ! g5]al int]e/ ( ! :ole prov9ce ( writ+3 ,t he w\ld call to 8 remembrance ! reasons :i* mov$ !m at ! fir/ to give him alone ! au?ority ov] ! p51 z "o :om !y !n ?\ght mo/ fit = su* a gov]nm5t1 & inde$ mo/ fit to gov]n alone3 ,t !y n[ p]ceiv$1 n any fault 9 him1 = us+ l a pr9ce :at 0 8 peculi> "r1 grant$ by _! own commission1 b an ov]sight 9 !mselves 9 unadvis$ly ov]*>g+ him ) an e/ate :i* he c\ld n rule alone )\t a sacrifice ( 8 hon\r1 :]e( !y 7 z t5d] z ( _! own s\ls3 ,t _! reque/ !re=e unto him 0 n to ?9k m ( 8 own private hon\r ?an ( ! good ( ! :ole prov9ce3 ,t !y might ) 8 good leave am5d _! own error1 :i* h[ev] x conc]n$ 8 p]son yet %\ld n affect 8 cr$it1 ! fault be+ !irs 9 _! fir/ *oice4 ,!y paus$ a little :ile1 be=e !y utt]$ ! ma9 cause ( _! motion1 = !y notic$ t s\nd began to *ange col\r1 & 0 half ready to swoon4 ,= ! fell[ is passionate1 tyrann\s 9 au?ority b timor\s4 ,h[beit1 see+ t ! common good urg$ !m to spee*1 !y w5t on1 & told him 9 pla9 t]ms t he mu/ be cont5t to ref] himself to ord]1 & s mu* ! r because _! mean+ 0 n to seek ei!r 8 deprivation or 8 resignation1 b to urge him to qualify 8 gov]nm5t1 & make use ( a fur!r c\ncil :i* !y meant to jo9 ) him1 z a ?+ likely to be> great fruit1 & ( good example 9 _m su* cases1 s9ce ev5 great pot5tates & pr9ces1 = ! g5]al weal ( _! /ates1 7 v well cont5t1 ^u humble suit made to !m1 to admit su* a c\ncil1 & use x 9 affairs3 ,t ! reasons :i* mov$ !m to make ?is suit1 & might also move him to admit ! same1 7 ( great importance3 ,t because lett]s 7 fir/ f\nd only to express him1 !re=e !y _h giv5 him alone ! :ole gov]nm5t !re91 & 7 well cont5t$ ) x1 until !y _h espi$1 n 8 misgov]nm5t1 b _! own mis*oice3 ,t ! b>e & primitive inv5tions1 be+ b rude1 & be+ rul$ accord+ly1 & exp]i5ce at ! "t af=d+ no m gr[? 9 ref9em5t1 :y %\ld !y n n[ yield to ref9em5t1 ^u bett] cause1 :at !y yield$ to rud5ess f m]e necessity8 ,t no man hav+ any s5se ( ! correctness 9 writ+ t is comm5d$ by exp]i5ce w\ld yield ! direction to s\nd alone1 :i* is always alt]+1 & diff]s accord+ z ei!r ! pron\nc] is ignorant or le>n$1 or ! p>ts t pron\nce are ( cle> or /op deliv]y1 or z ! e> itself has judgm5t to disc]n3 ,t consid]+ ^! defects1 :i* crave re=m1 & ! lett] itself1 :i* desires "s assurance ( h] own use1 x might /& ) 8 good pleasure to admit to 8 c\ncil two grave & great p]sonages1 :om !y _h long ?\ght (1 & ?r\gh ^: assi/ance he might ! bett] gov]n ! prov9ce ( ! p54 ,s9ce !y prais$ ! p>ties s mu*1 he desir$ _! names4 ,!y answ]$--,reason1 to consid] :at w be mo/ agreeable ^u suffici5t cause1 & ,cu/om1 to confirm by exp]i5ce & pro( :at ,reason w\ld l be/1 & yet n to d any?+ )\t conf]5ce ) s\nd4 ,! p]sonages pleas$ him = _! own wor?9ess1 b ! v ?+ t recomm5d$ !m to him = _! own value made him dislike !m = ! dang] to himself4 ,= is n ei!r reason or cu/om1 if x please !m to aspire1 m likely to rule ! p5 ?an s\nd8 said he to himself4 ,h[beit1 aft] !y _h *>g$ 8 consci5ce ) all ^? reasons 9 "o ?rong1 :i* !y _h us$ individually be=e1 urg+ t x 7 no di%on\r to yield a little to ^? :o _h giv5 him 8 :ole rule3 ,t !y might h leave to am5d _! own error 9 ov]*>g+ him3 ,t ?\gh !y seem$ to l[] 8 rank1 yet !y did n seek to defraud him ( 8 own3 ,t ! wrongs done to writ+1 :i* !y indicat$ to him 7 matt]s wor?y ( r$ress3 ,t ! c\ncillors :om !y appo9t$ 7 hon\rable & hone/3 ,t ! common b5efit ( ! :ole prov9ce ( writ+ e>ne/ly su$ = x1 & !y 7 v well assur$ t s good a fa!r z he 0 to t poor e/ate w\ld nev] be unwill+1 b r volunt>ily condesc5d )\t any reque/1 t he might n be half di%on\r$ 9 delay+ ! reque/ f n kn[+ ! grievances4 ,aft] !y _h press$ him s closely1 ?\gh he 0 v lo?1 aft] be+ once a sole mon>*1 to become almo/ a private p]son by admitt+ controll]s1 z x seem$ to him1 r ?an c\ncillors1 z !y meant1 yet p]ceiv+ t _! p[] 0 su* t !y might =ce him to grant :at !y begg$ ( him if he %\ld try to make t]ms ) !m1 he 0 cont5t to yield1 ?\gh ) "s %[ ( discont5t 9 8 v c\nt5ance1 & to admit ,reason & ,cu/om z 8 fell[-gov]nors 9 ! correct me?od ( writ+4 ,= 9 v de$ wise & le>n$ p1 :atev] !y may l5d ignorance to play ) = a "t1 res]ve to !mselves judgm5t & au?ority to ex]cise control1 :5 !y see unskilfulness play ! fool too mu*1 z 9 ?is same qu>rel = ! alt]ation ( s\nds accord+ to a presumptu\s rule !y _h v great reason to d4 ,= z 9 faces1 ?\gh e man by nature has two eyes1 two e>s1 "o nose1 "o m\?1 & s =?1 yet !re is always su* div]sity 9 c\nt5ances t any two m5 may easily be di/+ui%$1 ev5 if !y are z l z ! two bro!rs1 ! ,lac$aemonian pr9ces1 ( :om ,cic]o speaks2 s likewise 9 ! voice1 ?\gh 9 ev]yone x passes ?r\gh by "o m\?1 "o ?roat1 "o tongue1 "o b>ri] ( tee?1 & s =?1 yet x is z diff]5t 9 ev]yone1 z reg>ds ! s\nd1 by reason ( "s div]sity 9 ! vocal organs1 z ! faces are diff]5t 9 =m1 ?r\gh "s evid5t di/9ction 9 ! natural ca/ ( features4 ,& ?is div]sity1 ?\gh x h9d]s n ! expression ( ev]yone's m9d1 is yet too unc]ta9 to rule e man's p5 9 sett+ d[n lett]s4 ,& aga91 :at reason _h x to foll[ e man's e>1 z a ma/] scriv5]1 & to leave e man's p5 to its own s\nd1 :]e !re 7 su* diff]5ces1 t !y c\ld n agree :]e ! "r 01 ev]yone lay+ claim to x8 ,aga91 :y %\ld ignorance 9 any matt] be tak5 = a guide 9 a case dem&+ k8 ,because ( ! clam\r ( numb]s8 ,t 7 to make x an affair ( popul> op9ion1 :]eas ! subject is "o ( special difficulty1 requir+ wisdom4 ,& !re=e if any numb]1 ?\gh nev] s few1 des]ve to be foll[$1 x 7 only !y :o c\ld bo? speak be/1 & give ! be/ reason :y4 ,b t k9d ( p 7 too few at ! fir/ to f9d any place aga9/ a popul> gov]nm5t1 :]e ! e> l$ ! e>1 & x 0 ask$ :y s\nd %\ld give ov] 8 int]e/1 see+ lett]s 7 devis$ to express s\nd 9 e "o ( u1 & n m]ely ! fancy ( a few wise fell[s4 ,& yet :5 corn 0 once introduc$1 acorns grew out ( use ?\gh a fit en\gh meat 9 a hoggi% _w4 ,= naturally ! fir/ s]ves ! turn till ! f9] & bett] comes =w>d4 ,& z some?+ wor?ily took ! place ( no?+1 s mu/ t some?+ aga9 give place to its bett]2 z s\nd did some?+ to expel rud5ess1 ?\gh x may n set itself to keep out progress 9 ref9em5t4 ,wise m5 w\ld /& no long] to t div]sity 9 writ+1 :i* necess>ily foll[$1 :5 ev]yone spelt z 8 vocal organs fa%ion$ ! s\nd1 or z 8 skill s]v$ him1 or z 8 e> c\ld disc]n4 ,all ^! means are full ( v>iety1 & nev] 9 agreem5t1 z appe>s by ! example ( :ole nations1 :i* _c s\nd "s lett]s t o!rs c4 ,ow+ to ^! discont5tm5ts1 & by cons5t ( ^? :o c\ld judge & pron\nce be/1 !y arriv$ at a c]ta9 & reasonable cu/om--or r1 tru? to say1 to a cu/om>y reason--:i* !y held = a law1 n inadv]t5tly hit on ?r\gh error & "t1 b advis$ly resolv$ on by judgm5t & skill4 ,nor yet did !y1 contr>y to _! promise1 deprive s\nd ( all 8 royalty1 :i* 0 l t ( a dictator be=e1 b !y jo9$ reason ) him1 & cu/om too1 s z to beg9 !n 9 ackn[l$g$ "r1 & n 9 corruption aft]1 z a ,caes> & a ,pompey1 to be 8 colleagues 9 a triumvirate4 ,f t "t =w>d s\nd c\ld d mu*1 b n at all s mu* z be=e1 be+ _m times v ju/ly ov]rul$ by 8 well-advis$ companions 9 (fice4 ,?us end$ ! mon>*y ( s\nd alone4 ,we are n[ come to t gov]nm5t 9 writ+ :i* 0 "u s\nd1 reason & cu/om jo9tly1 & :i* proce$$ 9 ?is way4 ,reason1 z he is naturally ! pr9cipal director ( all ! be/ do+s1 & n ( writ+ alone1 began to play ! ma/]1 b yet wisely & ) great mode/y4 ,= consid]+ ! disposition ( 8 two companions1 fir/ ( s\nd1 :i* ! lett]s 7 to express 9 duty1 be+ devis$ = t purpose1 & !n ( cu/om1 :i* 0 to confirm & pave ! way to g5]al approval1 he e/abli%$ ?is = a g5]al law 9 ! prov9ce ( writ+--t z ! fir/ f\nd]s & devis]s ( ! lett]s us$ _! own lib]ty1 9 assign+ by volunt>y *oice a p>ticul> "* = ! eye1 to a p>ticul> s\nd 9 ! voice1 s x %\ld be lawful = ! said f\nd]s & _! po/]ity1 accord+ z ! necessity ( _! use & ! dispat* 9 _! p5 did seem to require x1 ei!r to increase ! numb] ( lett]s1 if ! supply seem$ n to satisfy ! v>iety 9 s\nd1 or to apply "o & ! same lett] to div]se uses1 if x c\ld be done ) "s nice di/9ction1 9 ord] to avoid a multitude ( *>act]s1 z we apply words1 :i* are limit$ 9 numb]1 to ?+s :i* are )\t limit2 & g5]ally1 l absolute lords 9 a t5ancy at m]e w1 to make _! own ne$ ! te/ ( all lett]s1 ( all writ+1 ( all speak+1 to *op1 to *ange1 to alt]1 to transf]1 to enl>ge1 to less51 to make1 to m>1 to beg91 to end1 to give au?ority to ?is1 to take x f t1 z !y !mselves %\ld ?9k good4 ,?is decree be+ p5n$ by reason1 bo? s\nd & cu/om at once approv$--s\nd1 because !re 0 no rem$y1 ?\gh 8 he>t long$ /ill = 8 =m] mon>*y1 :i* 0 n[ eclips$2 cu/om1 because t s]v$ 8 turn be/4 ,= if necess>y use & dispat* 9 ! p5 c\ld h au?ority1 :i* 0 giv5 !m 9 law1 by cons5t ( ! m5 :o 7 successors to ^? t fir/ f\nd$ ! lett] 7:i* 7 m5 ( ! mo/ le>n$ & wise/ sort71 !n 7 cu/om inde$1 hav+ reason = a fri5d1 & s\nd no foe1 a v great pr9ce 9 ! :ole prov9ce 9 bo? writ+ & speak+4 ,& good reason :y4 ,= cu/om is n t :i* m5 d or speak commonly or mo/1 ^u :atsoev] occasion1 b only t :i* is gr\nd$ at ! fir/ ^u ! be/ & fitte/ reason1 & is !re=e to be us$ because x is ! fitte/4 ,if ?is take place accord+ to ! fir/ appo9tm5t1 !n is cu/om 9 8 "r2 if n1 !n abuse 9 fact seems to usurp ^u cu/om 9 "n4 ,s t ,i take cu/om to build ^u ! cause1 & n to make ! cause4 ,aft] reason _h br\ght bo? s\nd to ?is ord]1 & cu/om to ?is au?ority1 !n 0 !re no?+ admitt$ 9 writ+ b t only1 :i* 0 sign$ by all _! ?ree h&s4 ,if ! s\nd alone s]v$1 yet reason & cu/om mu/ ne$s confirm s\nd2 if reason mu/ h place1 bo? s\nd & cu/om mu/ ne$s approve reason2 if cu/om w\ld be cr$it$1 he c\ld n pass unless bo? s\nd support$ him & reason ratifi$ him4 ,dur+ ! comb9$ gov]nm5t ( ^! ?ree1 ! matt] ( all our precepts t conc]n writ+ fir/ grew to /r5g?2 !n rules 7 e/abli%$ & exceptions laid d[n1 :5 reason & cu/om p]ceiv$ suffici5t cause4 ,b none ( all ^! 7 z yet comm5d$ to art & set d[n 9 writ+2 !y 7 only held 9 ! memory & obs]vation ( writ]s1 hav+ suffici5t matt] to furni% ! body ( an art1 b lack+ 9 me?od1 :i* came next 9 place1 & jo9$ itself ) ! o!r ?ree = ?is purpose4 ,all ?is "t1 :ile reason & cu/om gov]n$ ! p5 z well z s\nd1 ! discont5t$ fri5ds ( s\nd nev] re/$1 b always s\ght means to supplant ! o!r two1 ev] buzz+ into ignorant e>s ! au?ority ( s\nd & 8 "r to 8 own expression2 & ! same errors t tr\bl$ ! p5 :ile s\nd alone 0 ! judge1 began to creep 9 aga91 & cause a new tr\ble1 inasmu* z all ( ! m ignorant sort 7 cle>ly ( op9ion t ! v /]nness ( s\nd 0 simply to be accept$ )\t all exception1 ?\gh ^? ( le>n+ & wisdom1 :o _h fir/ set up reason & cu/om z companions to s\nd1 & /ill cont9u$ ( ! same m9d1 c\ld v well di/+ui% usurpation f inh]itance1 & "r f wrong4 ,reason !re=e1 f9d+ by ! creep+ 9 ( ?is error bo? t he himself 0 be+ injur$ by s5seless "t1 & 8 good cu/om sorely assail$ by c\nt]feit corruption1 p]ceiv$ ! fault to lie 9 ! want ( a good not>y1 & a /rong obligation1 by :i* to set 9 ev]la/+ au?ority1 by "r rule & true writ+1 :at he & cu/om bo?1 by ! cons5t ( s\nd1 _h cont9u$ 9 use1 ?\gh n put d[n 9 writ+4 ,?is w\ld ev] be 9 dang] ( cont9ual revolt f ! be/ to ! wor/1 by ! unc]ta9ty ( "t & ! elvi%ness ( error1 unless x 7 set d[n 9 writ+1 & ! conditions subscrib$ by all _! cons5ts1 = a p]petual evid5ce aga9/ ! rep9]4 ,= ?is is ! diff]5ce betwe5 a reasonable cu/om & an artificial me?od1 t ! fir/ does ! ?+ = ! second to confirm1 & ! second confirms by obs]v+ ! fir/4 ,:ile no?+ 0 set d[n 9 writ+1 s\nd & 8 accomplices 7 9 hopes ( "s recov]y1 b ?is hope 0 cut (f :5 ! writ+s 7 made1 & ! conditions settl$4 ,! not>y :o 0 to cut (f all ^! controv]sies & bre$ a p]petual quiet 9 ! matt] ( writ+1 0 ,art1 :i* ga!r+ into "o body all ^? r&om rules t ,cu/om _h beat5 out1 dispos$ !m s 9 writ+1 t ev]yone knew 8 own limits1 ,reason 81 ,cu/om 81 ,s\nd 84 ,n[ :5 ,reason1 ,cu/om1 & ,s\nd 7 br\ght into ord]1 & driv5 to c]ta9ty by ! means ( art & me?od1 !n began ! ?ird1 ! la/1 & ! be/ assurance 9 writ+4 ,art1 be+ h]self 9 place1 p]ceiv$ ! direction ( ! :ole tongue to be an inf9itely h>d task--nay to be sc>cely possible 9 g5]al1 consid]+ ! div]se prop]ties ( ! ?ree rul]s1 reason1 cu/om1 & s\nd1 :i* alt] always ) "t4 ,= :at p c be sure ( _! own tongue any long :ile8 ,does n spee* alt] sometimes = ! bett]1 if ! ,/ate :]e x is us$ itself cont9ue & gr[ to bett] c\nt5ance1 ei!r = great le>n+1 or = any o!r matt]1 :i* may help to ref9e a language8 ,& does x n sometimes *ange to ! m corrupt1 if ! ,/ate :]e x is us$ *ance to be ov]?r[n1 & a ma/]-tongue com+ 9 z conqu]or1 comm& bo? ! p1 & ! p's spee* also8 ,9 consid]ation ( ?is unc]ta9ty1 ,art betook h]self to "s "o p]iod 9 ! tongue1 :5 x 0 ( mo/ acc\nt1 & !re=e fitte/ to be made a patt]n = o!rs to foll[1 & pleasante/ = h]self to "w & toil 94 ,^u ?is p]iod %e be/[$ all ^? notes1 :i* %e p]ceiv$ by obs]vation 7! secret>y to reason7 to be 9 ! common use ( spee* & p51 ei!r cle> 9 s\nd1 or suitable to reason1 or lik$ by cu/om1 b always support$ by !m all4 ,su* a p]iod 9 ! ,greek tongue 0 ! "t :5 ,demo/h5es liv$1 & t le>n$ race ( ! fa!r-philosoph]s3 su* a p]iod 9 ! ,lat9 tongue 0 ! "t :5 ,cic]o liv$1 & ^? ( t age3 su* a p]iod 9 ! ,engli% tongue ,i take ?is to be 9 our own day1 bo? = ! p5 & = spee*4 ,art *oos+ su* a p]iod 9 ! primitive tongue1 & hav+ all ! mat]ial ga!r$ into notes1 :]e) to set up h] :ole frame & build+ ( me?od1 di/ribut$ !m 9 su* a way t !re 0 n any "o ?+ necess>y = correct writ+1 b %e _h x 9 writ+1 sav+ "s p>ticul>s :i* w be always impati5t ( rule1 & make fre% matt] = ano!r p]iod 9 spee*2 ?\gh t :i* is n[ made s sure by means ( art c nev] be 9 dang] ( any alt]ation1 b w always be held = a prec$5t to o!rs1 be+ mo/ p]fect 9 itself4 ,= a tongue once enroll$ by ! b5efit ( art1 & gr[n to good cr$it1 is e/abli%$ 9 su* assurance t its "r _c be d5i$1 & opposition w\ld be soon espi$1 h[ev] x %\ld wrangle2 !n x is made a common example = ! ref9+ ( o!r languages1 :i* h mat]ial = su* a me?od1 & desire to be s ref9$4 ,?is c\rse 0 kept by ! fir/ tongue t ev] 0 ref9$1 f ! fir/ inv5tion ( any lett]s1 until corruption :i* _h slily crept 91 b _h be5 wisely p]ceiv$1 made a re=m necess>y4 ,?is re=m grew aga9 to corruption1 9 ! nature ( a relapse1 because1 ?\gh x 0 s\ndly made1 yet x 0 n arm$ ) suffici5t security aga9/ ! fe/]+ evil ( error & corruption4 ,!re=e1 :5 x felt ! want ( su* an assurance1 x begg$ aid f art1 :i*1 l a beat5 lawy]1 h&l$ ! matt] ) su* =e?\ght 9 ! p5n+ ( 8 books1 t ea* ( ^? :o 7 9 any way int]e/$ 0 taught to "k :at 0 8 own4 ,o!r tongues besides ! fir/ to be ref9$1 on m>k+ ?is curr5t ( ev5ts1 appli$ ! same to _! own writ+1 & 7 v glad to use ! b5efit ( ^? m5's lab\r1 :o wre/l$ ) ! difficulties ( s\nd1 error1 corruption1 & ! residue ( t ill-hum\r$ tribe4 ,?is orig9al prec$5t 9 ! fir/1 & transf]r$ patt]n 9 ! re/1 ,i mean to foll[ 9 f9d+ out our correct ,engli% writ+1 & :e!r x w prove to be fa%ion$ accord+ly & fram$ l ! patt]n1 %all appe> :5 ! ?+ itself %all come =? 9 h] own natural hue1 ?\gh 9 artificial habit4 ,be=e ,i deal fur!r ) ?is matt]1 ,i mu/ exam9e two pr9cipal po9ts 9 our tongue1 ( :i* "o is1 :e!r x has mat]ial 9 x = art to build on1 because ,i said t art dealt :]e %e f\nd suffici5t matt] = h] lab\r4 ,! o!r is1 :e!r our writ+ is ju/ly *all5g$ = ^? infirmities ) :i* x is *>g$ 9 our "t1 because ,i said t ?is p]iod ( our own "t seems to be ! mo/ p]fect p]iod 9 our ,engli% tongue1 & t our cu/om has already beat5 out its own rules1 ready = ! me?od & framework ( art4 ,^! two po9ts are necess>ily to be consid]$4 ,= if !re be ei!r no mat]ial = art ow+ to ! extreme confusion1 or if our cu/om be n yet ripe en\gh to be r$uc$ to rule1 !n t p]fect p]iod 9 our tongue is n yet come1 & ,i h ent]$ ^u ?is subject :ile x is yet too gre54 ,h[ev]1 ,i hope x w n prove premature1 & !re=e ,i w fir/ %[ t !re is 9 our tongue great & suffici5t /uff = art to "w ^u2 !n t !re is no su* infirmity 9 our writ+ z is pret5d$1 b t our cu/om has become fit to receive ?is fram+ by art by ! me?od :i* ,i h laid d[n1 )\t any outside help1 & by ^? rules only :i* may be ga!r$ out ( our own ord9>y writ+4 ,x mu/ ne$s be t our ,engli% tongue has matt] en\gh 9 h] own writ+ to direct h] own practice1 if x be r$uc$ to def9ite precepts & rules ( art4 ,! causes :y ?is has n z yet be5 ?or\ghly p]ceiv$ are ! hope & despair ( ^? :o h ei!r ?\ght ^u x & n dealt ) x1 or h dealt ) x b n rightly ?\ght ^u x4 ,= "s1 consid]+ ! great difficulty :i* !y f\nd to be 9 ! writ+ ( our language1 almo/ e lett] be+ deput$ to _m & v>i\s--ev5 well-nigh contr>y--s\nds & uses1 & almo/ e ^w ei!r want+ lett]s = its necess>y s\nd1 or hav+ m ?an necessity dem&s1 began to despair 9 ! mid/ ( su* a confusion ( ev] f9d+ out any sure direction on :i* art might be firmly gr\nd$4 ,p]haps ei!r !y did n seek1 or did n "k h[ to seek1 ! "r =m ( me?od = art to adopt4 ,b :e!r difficulty 9 ! se>*1 or infirmity 9 ! se>*]s1 gave cause = ?is1 ! p>ties !mselves gave ov] ! ?+1 z 9 a desp]ate case1 & by n m$dl+ ?r\gh despair !y fail to help ! "r4 ,aga9 "s o!rs1 be>+ a good affection to _! natural tongue1 & be+ resolv$ to bur/ ?r\gh ! mid/ ( all ^! difficulties1 :i* (f]$ su* resi/ance1 devis$ a new means1 9 :i* !y plac$ _! hope ( br++ ! ?+ ab\t4 ,:]eupon "s ( !m :o 7 ( great place & good le>n+1 set =? 9 pr9t p>ticul> treatises ) ^! newly conceiv$ means1 %[+ h[ we ought to write1 & s to write correctly4 ,b _! good hope1 by reason ( _! /range means1 _h ! same result t ! despair ( ! o!rs _h1 ei!r f _! misconceiv+ ! ?+s at fir/1 or f _! diffid5ce at ! la/4 ,! causes :y _! plans did n take effect1 & ?us 9 "p h9d]$ ! ?+1 by mak+ _m ?9k ! case m desp]ate ?an x really 01 7 ^!4 ,! despair ( ^? :o ?\ght t ! tongue 0 incapable ( any direction1 came ( a wrong cause1 ! fault aris+ inde$ n f ! ?+ :i* !y condemn$ z altoge!r rude & incapable ( rule1 b f ! p>ties !mselves1 :o mi/ook _! way4 ,= ! ?+ itself w soon be put into ord]1 ?\gh x requires "s dilig5ce & c>eful consid]ation 9 him t mu/ f9d x out4 ,b :5 a writ] takes a wrong pr9ciple q contr>y to common practice1 :]e trial mu/ be ! t\*/one1 & practice mu/ confirm ! means :i* he conceives1 is x any m>vel if ! use ( a tongue resi/ su* a means1 :i* is n 9 con=mity ) x8 ,f ?is proce$$ ! despair ( hitt+ aright1 because !y miss$ _! int5tion1 :]eas 9 reality !y %\ld h *ang$ _! int5tion1 9 ord] to hit ^u ! "r1 :i* is 9 ! ?+ & w soon be f\nd out1 if x be rightly s\ght =4 ,aga91 ! hope ( ! o!rs deceiv$ !m too q z mu*4 ,= !y did n consid] t :]eas common reason & common cu/om h be5 long engag$ 9 seek+ out _! own c\rse1 !y !mselves w be c\ncillors1 & w nev] yield to any private conception1 :i* %all seem evid5tly ei!r to =ce !m or cross !m1 9 act+ z !y !mselves d1 nev] giv+ any precept h[ to write correctly1 till !y h rail$ at cu/om z a mo/ p]nici\s enemy to tru? & "r1 ev5 9 ! ?+s :]e cu/om has mo/ "r1 if x has "r 9 any4 ,!re=e :5 !y proce$$ 9 an argum5t ( cu/om1 ) ! enmity ( him :o is ,"l ( ! soil1 0 x any wond] if !y fail$ ( _! purpose1 & h9d]$ ! f9d+ out ( our correct writ+1 :i* mu/ ne$s be compass$ by ! cons5t ( cu/om & ! fri5d%ip ( reason8 ,s 9 ! meantime1 :ile despair deceives ! "o1 & hope beguiles ! o!r1 ! "o miss+ 8 way1 ! o!r mak+ a foe1 & bo? go+ a/ray1 !y bo? lose _! lab\r1 & h9d] ! f9d+ out ( ! be/ mode ( writ+1 because ! true me?od ( f9d+ out su* a ?+ has ano!r c\rse1 z ,i h %[n be=e4 ,yet not)/&+ all ?is1 x is v manife/1 t ! tongue itself has matt] 9 x to furni% out an art1 & t ! same means :i* has be5 us$ 9 r$uc+ o!r tongues to _! be/ =m1 w s]ve ?is ( ours1 bo? = g5]ality ( precept & = c]ta9ty ( f\ndation1 z may be easily prov$ on ^? f\r gr\nds--! antiquity ( our tongue1 ! p's intellig5ce1 _! le>n+1 & _! exp]i5ce4 ,= h[ c x be b t a tongue :i* has cont9u$ = _m hundr$s ( ye>s n only a tongue1 b "o ( good acc\nt1 bo? 9 spee* & p51 %\ld h gr[n 9 all t "t to "s ref9em5t & assurance ( itself1 by s long & s g5]al a use1 ! p t h us$ x be+ none ( ! dulle/1 & lab\r+ cont9ually 9 all ex]cises t conc]n le>n+1 & 9 all practices t procure exp]i5ce1 ei!r 9 peace or 9 w>1 ei!r 9 public or private1 ei!r at home or abroad8 ,z = ! antiquity ( our spee*1 :e!r x be measur$ by ! anci5t ,teutonic1 :5ce x orig9ally comes1 or ev5 b by ! late/ t]ms :i* x borr[s daily f =eign tongues1 ei!r out ( pure necessity 9 new matt]s1 or out ( m]e brav]y to g>ni% itself )1 x _c be "y--unless ! ,g]man himself be "y1 :o claims a pr]ogative = ! age ( 8 spee*1 ( an inf9ite prescription2 unless ! ,lat9 & ,greek be "y1 ^: words we enfran*ise to our own use1 ?\gh n always imm$iately f !mselves1 b mo/ly ?r\gh ! ,italian1 ,fr5*1 & ,spani%2 unless o!r tongues1 :i* are nei!r ,greek nor ,lat91 nor any ( ! =5am$1 f :i* we h some?+1 z !y h f ours1 w = company's sake be cont5t to be "y1 t ours may n be old4 ,b ,i am well assur$ t e "o ( ^! w /rive = antiquity1 & r grant x to u ?an =go x !mselves4 ,s t if ! v newe/ words we use sav\r ( great antiquity1 & ! gr\nd ( our spee* is mo/ anci5t1 x mu/ ne$s !n foll[ t our :ole tongue 0 wean$ long ago1 z hav+ all h] tee?4 ,z = ! importance ( our tongue1 bo? 9 p5 & spee*1 no man w h any d\bt :o is able to judge :at ^? ?+s are t make any tongue to be ( acc\nt1 :i* ?+s ,i take to be ?ree--! au?ority ( ! p :o speak x1 ! subject-matt] ) :i* ! spee* deals1 & ! manifold uses :i* x s]ves4 ,= all ^! ?ree our tongue ne$ n give place to any ( h] pe]s4 ,fir/1 to say some?+ ( ! p t use ! tongue1 ! ,engli% nation has always be5 ( good cr$it & great e/imation1 ev] s9ce cr$it & e/imation 9 ! c\rse ( hi/ory came ov] to ?is side ( ! ,alps1 :i* appe>s to be true--ev5 by =eign *ronicles 7n to use our own 9 a case t affects ourselves71 :i* w\ld nev] h said s mu* ( ! p if x _h be5 obscure1 & unwor?y ( a p]petual hi/ory4 ,next1 z to ! matt] ) :i* x deals1 :e!r private or public1 x may comp>e ) "s o!rs t ?9k v well ( !mselves4 ,= n to t\* ^u ord9>y affairs ( common life1 w matt]s ( le>n+ 9 any k9d ( argum5t make a tongue ( acc\nt8 ,our nation !n1 ,i ?9k1 w h>dly be prov$ to h be5 unle>n$ at any "t1 9 any k9d ( le>n+1 n to use any /rong] t]ms4 ,!re=e1 hav+ le>n+ by confession ( all m51 & utt]+ t le>n+ 9 _! own tongue = _! own use1 !y c\ld n b enri* ! tongue1 & br+ x consid]ation4 ,w matt]s ( w>1 :e!r civil or =eign1 make a tongue ( acc\nt8 ,neighb\r+ nations w n d5y our p to be v w>like1 & our own c\ntry w confess x1 ?\gh lo? to feel x1 bo? on acc\nt ( rememb]+ ! suff]+1 & ( fe>+ to gall our fri5ds by vaunt+ ourselves4 ,n[1 9 (f]+ mat]ial = spee*1 w> is su* a bre$] t1 ?\gh x is oppos$ to le>n+ because x is an enemy to ! ,muses1 yet x d>es comp>e ) any dep>tm5t ( le>n+ = ! multitude ( its disc\rses1 ?\gh ^! are n commonly s c]ta9 or useful z le>n$ subjects4 ,= w> 7besides ! _m grave & s]i\s consid]ations ab\t x7 z sometimes x s5ds u true reports1 ei!r privately 9 ! =m ( projects & devices t are int5d$1 or publicly 9 ev5ts :i* are blaz$ abroad because !y h occurr$1 s mo/ly x gives out--,i d>e n say lies1 b--v incr$ible news1 because x c hat* ^! at w1 be+ 9 no dang] ( control1 & commonly free f witnesses4 ,e man1 moreov]1 seeks bo? to praise himself & to h>m 8 enemy1 besides procur+ "s c\rte\s ent]ta9m5t by tell+ :at is n true to ^? t love to he> x4 ,all ^! tales ab\t /ratagems & eng9es ( w> & _m o!r su* ?+s1 give matt] = spee* & occasion = new words1 & by mak+ ! language s ready1 make x ( r5[n4 ,w all k9ds ( trade1 & all sorts ( traffic1 make a tongue ( acc\nt8 ,if ! spread+ sea & ! spaci\s l& c\ld use any spee*1 !y w\ld bo? %[ y :]e & 9 h[ _m /range places !y h se5 our p1 & also let y "k t !y deal 9 z mu*1 & 9 z great a v>iety ( matt]s1 z any o!r p1 :e!r at home or abroad4 ,?is is ! reason :y our tongue s]ves s _m uses1 because x is conv]sant ) s _m p1 & s well acqua9t$ ) s _m matt]s1 9 su* v>i\s k9ds ( deal+4 ,n[ all ?is v>iety ( matt] & div]sity ( trade1 bo? make mat]ial = our spee*1 & af=d ! means ( enl>g+ x4 ,= he :o is s practis$ w utt] :at he practises 9 8 natural tongue1 & if ! /rang5ess ( ! matt] requires x1 he :o is to utt]1 w r ?an /ick 9 8 utt]ance1 use ! =eign t]m1 expla9+ t ! p ( ! c\ntry call x s1 & by t means make a =eign ^w an ,engli% d5iz54 ,all ^! reasons conc]n+ ! tongue & its importance be+ put toge!r1 n only prove ! nation's ex]cise 9 le>n+1 & _! practice 9 o!r deal+s1 b seem to inf]--to say ! lea/--no base-witt$ p1 because x is n ! "p ( fools to be s le>n$1 s w>like1 & s well-practis$ 9 affairs4 ,i %all n ne$ to prove any ( ^! positions1 ei!r f =eign or home hi/ory1 z my read]s :o are /rang]s w n urge me = !m1 & ^? ( my own nation w n1 ,i ?9k1 ga9say me 9 !m1 s9ce !y "k !m to be true1 & may use !m = _! hon\r4 ,!re=e ,i may well conclude my fir/ position1 t if use & cu/om1 hav+ ! advantage ( su* l5g? ( "t to ref9e our tongue1 ( s great le>n+ & exp]i5ce to furni% mat]ial = ! ref9+1 & ( s good intellig5ce & judgm5t to direct x1 h atta9$ no?+ :i* !y refuse to let g 9 ! correct mann] ( our writ+1 !n our tongue has no c]ta9ty to tru/ to1 b writes all at r&om4 ,b ! antec$5t is1 9 my op9ion1 altoge!r impossible2 !re=e ! consequ5t is a great deal m ?an probable1 :i* is t our tongue has 9 h] own possession v good evid5ce to prove h] own correct writ+2 & ?\gh no man z yet1 to judge by any public writ+ ( 81 seems to h se5 ?is1 yet ! tongue itself is ready to %[ x to anyone :o is able to read x1 & to judge :at evid5ce is tru/wor?y 9 reg>d to ! /&>d ( writ+4 ,!re=e1 see+ ,i h prov$ suffici5tly 9 my own op9ion t !re is great cause :y our tongue %\ld h "s good /&>d 9 h] own writ+1 & consid] myself to h _h ! sight ( t evid5ce by :i* su* a /&>d appe>s mo/ capable ( ju/ification1 & am n altoge!r ignorant ( h[ to give a decision ^u x1 ,i w d my be/1 accord+ to ! c\rse :i* ,i said 0 kept 9 ! fir/ g5]al ref9+ ( any spee*1 & has also be5 transf]r$ to e second>y & p>ticul> tongue1 to set =? "s /&>d = ,engli% writ+4 ,?is ,i w base ^u ^? notes :i* ,i h obs]v$ 9 ! tongue itself1 ! be/ & f9e/ !re91 :i* by comp>ison ) !mselves (f] ! means ( correct+ ! worse1 )\t ei!r introduc+ any innovation1 z ^? d :o set =? new devices1 or mi/ak+ my way1 z ^? d :o despair t our tongue c be br\ght to any c]ta9ty )\t "s m>vell\s =eign help4 ,?us mu* = ! mat]ial fit = art 9 our tongue2 n[ = ! objections :i* *>ge x ) infirmities4 ,^? :o see imp]fections 9 our tongue ei!r blame c]ta9 errors :i* !y allege to be 9 our writ+1 or else !y w seem to seek its re=mation4 ,9 po9t+ out errors !y rail at cu/om z a vile corrupt]1 & compla9 ( our lett]s z mis]ably defici5t4 ,9 _! desire = r$ress !y appeal to s\nd z ! only sov]eign & sure/ lead] 9 ! gov]nm5t ( writ+1 & fly to innovation1 z ! only means ( re=m+ all errors 9 our writ+4 ,9 _! qu>rel ) cu/om !y seek to br+ x into g5]al hatr$1 z a common corrupt] ( all good ?+s1 decl>+ x to be no m>vel if x abuse spee*1 :i* 9 pass+ ?r\gh e man's m\?1 & be+ imitat$ by e man's p51 mu/ ne$s ga!r mu* corruption by ! way1 because ! ill are _m j z ! good are few1 & common corruption1 :i* !y t]m cu/om1 is an ill director to f9d out a "r4 ,h]eupon !y conclude t1 z x seems mo/ probable1 s x is mo/ true t ! *ief errors :i* h crept into our p5 take _! beg9n+ f ! sole infection ( an evil cu/om1 :i* ought n s mu* z once to be nam$1 = direction to :at is "r1 9 ei!r p5 or spee*1 be+ s manife/ly false1 not)/&+ :atev] any writ]s1 old or new1 c pret5d to ! contr>y4 ,!n !y desc5d to p>ticul>ities1 prov+ t we sometimes burd5 our words ) too _m lett]s1 sometimes p9* !m ) too few1 sometimes mis%ape !m ) wrong s\nd+1 sometimes misord] !m ) wrong plac+4 ,& are n ^! m>vell\sly great causes ( discont5t ) cu/om1 :i* is ! bre$] ( !m8 ,& yet if good writ]s seem to fav\r cu/om1 !n ! case is n s cle> z y take x to be1 t x is no?+ b a hell ( mo/ vile corruptions2 t x alone infects all good ?+s2 t x alone corrupts correct writ+4 ,= if x 7 inde$ only ?is1 !y w\ld n w>rant x1 & give x su* great cr$it1 z ,i rememb] !y d4 ,is !re n1 !n1 "s error 9 ! "n1 & may n cu/om be miscon/ru$8 ,= c]ta9ly ^! writ]s1 :5 !y speak ( cu/om1 mean t rule 9 conduct & virtu\s life 9 :i* good m5 agree1 & _! cons5t is :at ^! m5 t]m cu/om1 z !y call t rule 9 speak+ & writ+ ! cu/om :]e9 ! mo/ skilful & le>n$ agree4 ,& is x likely t ei!r ! hone/ 9 act w mislead virtue 9 liv+1 or ! le>n$ w disapprove ( correctness 9 writ+8 ,&1 aga91 ^? hone/ m5 :o approve ( cu/om 9 matt]s ( life compla9 v mu* ( corruption 9 mann]s & evil behavi\r2 & ! le>n$ m51 :o approve ( cu/om 9 matt]s ( spee* & p51 compla9 v mu* ( error 9 writ+ & corruption 9 spee*2 & bo? accuse ! majority ( p z ! lead]s to error1 & set d[n ! common abuse at ! door ( ! multitude4 ,& !re=e x _c be o!rwise b t ! d\ble "n is :at deceives4 ,= ^? :o accuse cu/om mean false error :i* c\nt]feits cu/om1 & is a great capta9 among ! impud5t = evil & ! ignorant = ra%ness1 & yet has ! *ief "p 9 direct+ all4 ,& ^? :o praise cu/om mean pla9 tru?1 :i* _c dissemble1 :i* is ! companion ( ! hone/ 9 virtue1 & ( ! le>n$ 9 k1 & directs all be/4 ,n[ w ye see8 ,?is mi/]m$ 8cu/om0 9 ! p5 is t c\nt]feit abuse :i* 0 ! only cause :y ! mon>*y ( s\nd1 ( :i* ,i spoke be=e1 0 dissolv$1 & itself condemn$ by ^? wise p :o jo9$ reason ) s\nd2 & ! "r cu/om :i* writ]s comm5d s is t companion ( reason :i* succe$$ 9 its place :5 ! c\nt]feit 0 ca/ out4 ,n[ y see ! error4 ,s nei!r d writ]s approve ( su* a corruption1 nor is cu/om y\r oppon5t1 b bo? writ]s & cu/om1 z well z y & ,i w scrat* out ! eyes ( common error1 = misus+ good ?+s & bely+ cu/om4 ,if good ?+s are abus$ x is by bad p1 ^: misnam$ cu/om is rightly nam$ error4 ,if words are ov]*>g$ ) lett]s1 t comes ei!r by ! covet\sness ( ^? :o sell !m by l9es1 or ! ignorance ( ^? :o1 besides pe/]+ !m ) too _m1 bo? weak5 !m ) too few1 & wrong !m ) ! *ange ( =ce & position4 ,:5 !y h dealt ?us ) cu/om1 & ) _! oppon5ts 7z !y consid] ^? :o are really _! fri5ds7 )\t m>k+ :at _! reasons are1 or by ^: au?ority cu/om is e/abli%$1 :i* !y s impugn by sugge/ion ( a c\nt]feit1 !n !y beg9 to compla9 sorely ( ! insuffici5cy & pov]ty ( our lett]s4 ,:ile ^! are z _m z 9 o!r tongues1 yet !y d n suffice1 x is alleg$1 = ! full & "r expression ( our s\nds1 ?\gh !y express !m aft] a sort1 b =ce u to use a numb] ( !m1 l ! ,delphic sword ( :i* ,ari/otle speaks1 = _m s\nds & s]vices contr>y to ! nature ( su* an in/rum5t1 ea* lett] be+ int5d$ at fir/ = "o s\nd4 ,?us x comes to pass t we bo? write improp]ly1 n answ]+ ! s\nd ( :at we say1 & are nev] l ourselves 9 any ( our writ+1 b always v>y accord+ to ! writ]'s hum\r1 )\t any c]ta9 direction4 ,!re=e1 =eign]s & /rang]s wond] at u1 bo? = ! unc]ta9ty 9 our writ+ & ! incon/ancy 9 our lett]s4 ,& is x n a great %ame t s able a nation z ! ,engli%1 :o h be5 ( v good note = s _m ye>s1 ei!r %\ld n notice1 or w\ld n am5d1 9 all ?is "t ! pov]ty ( _! p51 & ! confusion 9 _! lett]s1 b bo? let _! writ+ ?us always run riot1 & !mselves be mock$ by =eign p8 ,if =eign]s d m>vel at u1 we may requite !m ) z mu*1 & return _! wond] home1 consid]+ t !y !mselves are subject to ! v same difficulties :i* !y wond] at 9 u1 & h no m lett]s ?an we h1 & yet bo? write & are und]/ood 9 spite ( all ^! insuffici5cies1 j z we also write & are und]/ood 9 ?is our insuffici5cy ev5 by _! own confession4 ,b ! common use ( writ+ among ^? /rang]s1 :i* agrees s ) ours 9 our unc]ta9ty1 makes me ?9k t ?is compla9t ( insuffici5cy is n g5]al ei!r ) !m or ) u1 b 9 bo? cases belongs to a few1 :o object+ to :at !y "k no?+ (1 & n obs]v+ :at !y _c1 !re=e blame :at !y %\ld n4 ,= if _! blam+ ^u good cause1 & m>k+ ^u wise judgm5t concurr$ ) _! numb]1 ?\gh n s great1 ,i %\ld be afraid le/ !y %\ld h ! bett]1 because !y 7 ! few]2 b be+ bo? ! few] & ! weak]1 !y c>ry no great weight 9 condemnation4 ,o!r folks also1 :o see some?+ z well z !y1 d n q disapprove ( all _! disapproval1 b desire "s r$ress1 :]e !re is good cause1 ?\gh !y may n agree z to ! means ( br++ ab\t ! r$ress1 nor yet admit t ! error is z great z ^! objectors pret5d4 ,= we confess t ?is multiplicity & manifold use 9 ! =ce & s]vice ( our lett]s requires "s di/9ctions to be kn[n by1 if g5]al acqua9tance ) our own writ+ d n help u to p]ceive 9 use :at we put d[n by use2 b /ill we def5d & ma9ta9 ! multiplicity itself1 z a ?+ mu* us$ ev5 9 ! be/ tongues1 & !re=e n unlawful1 ev5 ?\gh !re 7 no di/9ctions4 ,& aga91 we d n ?9k t e cu/om is an evid5t corruption1 :]e ! g5]al usage ( ^? :o _c be suspect$ ( writ+ ) o!r ?an good judgm5t1 lays ! gr\ndwork = precept1 z lead+ to ! ex]cise ( art1 & assurance to ! p54 ,& we re/ cont5t ) ! numb] ( our lett]s4 ,"s p 9 /udy+ to increase ?is numb]1 only cumb] our tongue1 bo? ) /range *>act]s & ) ne$less diph?ongs1 =c+ u away f :at ! g5]al rule has won & is cont5t )4 ,& :y n ^! lett]s only8 ,or :y may !y n be put to _m uses8 ,?is paucity & pov]ty ( lett]s has cont5t$ ! be/ & brave/ tongues t ei!r are1 h be51 %all be1 or c be1 & has express$ by !m1 bo? 9 spee* & p51 z great v>iety & z mu* difficulty 9 all subjects z possibly c be express$ or und]/ood by ! ,engli% tongue or be devis$ by any ,engli% intellig5ce4 ,! p t n[ use !m1 & ^? t h us$ !m1 h naturally ! same organs ( voice1 & ! same deliv]y 9 s\nd1 = all _! speak+1 t we ,engli% h1 because !y are m51 j z we ,engli% folk are2 & !y h&$ d[n ! use ( ! p5 to u1 & n we to !m4 ,& f9d+ 9 _! own use ?is necessity :i* y note1 !y fl$ to t help :i* y ?9k naught1 & 7 bold ) _! lett]s1 to make !m s]ve div]se turns1 sometimes ) *ange1 sometimes ) "s +5i\s m>k ( di/9ction4 ,t ?is k9d ( di/9ction is en\gh1 is kn[n to all :o are acqua9t$ ) ! =eign lett]s1 & ) ^? writ]s :o treat ( !m4 ,nor is !re any difficulty :i* !y are n subject to1 ei!r 9 ! same or 9 v simil> ?+s1 j z we are4 ,& w /rang]s wond] at u8 ,or d n ^? ( our own p :o are le>n$ p]ceive ^! ?+s8 ,= 9 ! ignorant ,i require no su* discretion4 ,i c]ta9ly ?9k t all p1 z !y h ! same natural organs to speak by1 ?\gh f habit "s may h>p m on "o s\nd ?an on o!rs1 & "s--ev5 :ole nations--may lean m ^u "o organ1 su* z ! ?roat or ! tee?1 ?an o!rs d1 yet naturally all are made able to s\nd all k9ds ( spee* & all lett]s1 if !y are accu/om$ to !m at ! mo/ fitt+ age & by ! be/ means4 ,i hold also t x is only education & cu/om t make ! diff]5ce1 & !re=e rule all1 or at lea/ mo/1 9 spee*1 :]e9 if !re be any reason1 x is n natural & simple1 z 9 ?+s1 b artificial & comp\nd1 bas$ ^u su* & su* a cause 9 cu/om & cons5t4 ,& ?\gh ! ,hebrew gramm>ians alone divide _! lett]s accord+ to ! vocal organs on :i* !y lean mo/1 su* z ! ?roat1 ! ro( ( ! m\?1 ! tongue1 ! lips1 or ! tee?1 yet n ! ,hebrews alone h t di/9ction 9 nature1 b e p :i* has ?roat1 tee?1 palate1 tongue1 lips1 & ) ^? organs use ! utt]ance ( s\nds4 ,?is is an argum5t to me1 bo? t use is ! mi/ress1 & t he :o s\nds on any "o me?od by ! usage ( 8 c\ntry1 may be smoo!d to "s o!r by ! contr>y use1 & t !re=e ! same lett]s w s]ve all p1 if !y *oose to frame !mselves accord+ly4 ,=1 o!rwise1 :y d we p]suade our p to s\nd ,lat9 9 "o way1 ,greek 9 ano!r1 ,hebrew 9 ano!r1 ,italian 9 ano!r1 if x is n a ?+ t we c become acqua9t$ ) ?r\gh cu/om>y usage8 ,& ?is be+ s 9 all nations1 :at ne$ h we = m lett]s to utt] our m9ds1 see+ t ! organs ( utt]ance are all "o1 & t no?+ c be utt]$ ei!r m div]se or difficult ?an ^? h utt]$ f :om we h ! lett]s we possess8 ,nor is x any discr$it to our p to re/ cont5t ) ^? lett]s1 & ) t numb]1 :i* antiquity has approv$ & held = suffici5t4 ,is nature1 !re=e1 :i* 0 fruitful 9 !m1 n[ s b>r5 t we may n inv5t1 & add some?+ to !irs8 ,no1 =soo?4 ,all mank9d is "o1 )\t any respect ( ?is or t age1 bo? to nature h]self1 & to ! ,god & ,"l ( nature1 & !re=e :at is giv5 to "o man1 or deliv]$ 9 "o age ( common s]vice1 is meant = all m5 & all ages1 & always = _! b5efit2 nor is ei!r ,god himself1 or nature 8 m9i/]1 ti$ to any "t = ! deliv]y ( _! gifts1 b :5ev] man's necessity compels him to seek1 !n !y help him to f9d4 ,we und]/&1 !re=e1 t z no "o age br+s =? ev]y?+1 s no "o age c b confess t x has "s "o or o!r p>ticul> inv5tion1 ?\gh n ! self-same1 because x is en\gh to h receiv$ x once to use ev] aft]4 ,s is x 9 ?is use ( lett]s1 :i* be+ once p]fect$ is nev] to be %ak51 unless a bett] means be f\nd ( utt]+ our spee*1 :i* ,i %all n see1 nor c =esee by any secret prophecy4 ,9 ^! inv5tions1 ?\gh ! fir/ receiv] h ! pr]ogative 9 tak+1 yet ! :ole po/]ity has ! b5efit 9 us+1 & g5]ally ) great] p]fection1 because "t & cont9uance increase & prune1 & :5 x is at ! full1 x is a mi/ake to seek fur!r1 :i* ,i take to be ! case 9 ! matt] ( p5n+4 ,nor is ! re/ra9t f innovat+1 alt]+1 or add+ to ?+s already p]fect$ any disc\rtesy 9 reason1 or any disc\nt5ance 9 nature1 b ! simple deliv]y ( a p]fect ?+ to our eld] bre?r5 to be convey$ unto u2 z we 9 l case mu/ be ! transport]s to our po/]ity ( su* ?+s z x pleases ,god to cont9ue by our means1 :e!r receiv$ f our eld]s or devis$ by ourselves4 ,b :y may we n use all our f\r-&-tw5ty lett]s1 ev5 = f\r-&-tw5ty uses ea*1 if occasion s]ve1 see+ t ! *>act]s be+ kn[n are m famili> & easi] to be disc]n$ ?an any new device--yea1 ev5 ?\gh ! old resembl$ ea* o!r m1 & !re 7 b "o new8 ,x has be5 suffici5tly decl>$ already1 t ^? m5 :o fir/ devis$ lett]s1 res]v$ ! au?orities ov] !m & _! use to !mselves = life1 & to _! successors = ev]1 to modify & use !m z x %\ld please !m be/ by cons5t among !mselves1 z necessity arose4 ,& :y n s1 :]e ! inv5tion is _! own1 & ! "r use ( x8 ,?is g5]al res]vation is enroll$ already 9 all reason & antiquity1 & ! p>ticul> cons5t = ! writ+ ( our language is giv5 already by our g5]al use1 & w be regi/]$ also 9 a v good record1 ,i hope1 & t %ortly4 ,& w y make t sov]eign :i* is b subalt]n8 ,or w y take t to be immovable l a /eady rock1 :i* roams by nature1 to s]ve ! f9d]8 ,!re is no su* assurance 9 s\nd = ! e/abli%+ ( a "r z y conceive1 nor any su* necessity 9 lett]s to be con/ant 9 "o use z y seek to en=ce4 ,! philosoph] says t nature makes "o ?+ = "o use1 & t e use has its p>ticul> in/rum5t naturally1 b t our own inv5tions--nay1 t ev5 ! mo/ natural means--may ?r\gh our application1 s]ve = sundry ends & uses4 ,& w lett]s /& s ^u _! reputation z n to seem to admit ( our apply+ !m to _! own purposes1 see+ t !y are bo? our creatures1 & by creation our bondm51 bo? to s\nd z we %all ?9k good1 & 9 z _m ways z we may wi% !m to s]ve8 ,no1 surely1 !y d n ?9k s1 b !y are mo/ ready to s]ve z we appo9t1 bo? by creation & by cov5ant4 ,! lett]s yield readily1 b "s lett]s seek to delay _! dutiful ob$i5ce1 hold+ t _! sub/ance is adamant1 & t !y 7 n born to yield s4 ,) ! same p5 we make lett]s & m> !m2 ) ! same we direct & de/roy !m2 :i* are contr>y uses1 ?\gh meant to compass ! same "r end4 ,& w lett]s seem to s]ve b = "o use1 be+ no?+ b elves ( ! p5's bre$+8 ,!y w n1 b prove _! own dutifulness to ! p51 _! p>5t1 by foll[+ 8 direction 9 v _m po9ts1 z !y yield to reason & reasonable cu/om 9 _m ( _! p[]s1 :]eby !y seem to argue aga9/ cont5tion1 !y !mselves be+ satisfi$4 ,! numb] ( ?+s :i* we write & speak ab\t is inf9ite1 yet ! words ) :i* we write & speak are def9ite & ( limit$ numb]4 ,!re=e we are driv5 to use "o & ! same ^w 9 v _m--nay sometimes 9 v contr>y s5ses--& t is ! case 9 all ! be/ languages1 z well z 9 ,engli%1 :]e a numb] ( our words are ( v v>i\s p[]s1 z 9 ! s5t5ce3 8,a bird flies light1 :]ev] %e may light10 & _m o!rs t ne$ n n[ be m5tion$4 ,& w lett]s /& alo(1 s z to s\nd always 9 b "o way1 & to s]ve always b "o use1 :]e _! great-gr&fa!rs1 ev5 ! words !mselves1 are =c$ to be manifold--nay1 are v well cont5t s to be1 because ( _! f\nd]'s comm& to be pliable1 & at ! volunt>y disposal ( wisdom & le>n+8 ,lett]s mu/ n /& alo(1 b approve ( ! s]vice allott$ to !m1 be x nev] s manifold1 see+ t )\t confusion1 cu/om>y acqua9tance w make ! di/9ctions cle>2 z a disput] w sift out ! diff]5ce ( manifold words1 s t ! v>iety 9 _! s5ses may cause no qu>rel 9 ! argum5t4 ,if ?r\gh want ( skill & m]e ignorance1 we d n write always 9 ! same way1 !n k is ! help]1 & he t w foll[ ! "r usage mu/ h ! desire to le>n aright4 ,if di/9ctions are want$ !n acc5t mu/ be ! means ( avoid+ confusion1 or "s su* device :i* may s]ve ! purpose )\t pe/]+ ! writ+ by any?+ too /range4 ,= x is mo/ c]ta9 t we may use our lett]s l all o!r ?+s ^: end is ! conv5i5ce ( man4 ,nor is x any abuse :5 ^? :o use c give a reason t is suffici5t to ! wise1 & n contr>y to good cu/om4 ,& ?\gh "s may n be p]suad$1 yet :5 an act is pass$ by division ( ! h\se1 x is law by p>liam5t4 ,!n ! objectors mu/ rel5t & foll[1 ?\gh !y may n fav\r x4 ,!y mu/ make ! be/ ( :at !y ?\ght wor/1 :5 lawful au?ority re/ra9s _! w4 ,a ?+ orig9ally free1 be+ once controll$ by ord]1 has lo/ its fre$om1 & mu/ !n keep ! curr5t appo9t$ = x1 be+ itself subject to man = 8 uses4 ,our lett]s are limit$ 9 numb]1 b _! usage is c]ta9 ev5 9 _! greate/ unc]ta9ty1 & !re=e ,i take x t we may re/ cont5t bo? ) _! numb] & ) _! use4 ,s mu* conc]n+ ! compla9t ( our pov]ty 9 lett]s1 & ! confusion 9 _! p[]s1 :i* ,i d n wond] at1 because ,i see x s 9 all ?+s2 & ,i see no cause :y we _c ov]come ! difficulty by our own inv5tions & devices1 :]e we are to take acc\nt ( no?+ b our own cons5t1 guid$ by ! judgm5t ( ! wise/ m51 & imitation ( uncorrupt$ nature4 ,if !re be ne$1 ! increase 9 ! numb] ( our lett]s is n refus$ to u any m ?an to o!r p1 b ! ne$ is d5i$1 because we ent]$ ^u o!r p's mo/ p]fect inv5tions1 & ?\gh ?is came lat] 9 "t1 yet x 0 s mu* ! sur]1 because all ?+s necess>y 7 devis$ to our h&s1 & because our ne$ c be no new ne$4 ,:atev] we ne$ to write we are able to write1 & :5 we h writt5 x we are able to read x4 ,if !re be any fault1 ! rem$y mu/ be1 n to seek :at we h n1 b to m>k :at we h1 see+ t we h suffici5t4 ,! cr$it ( s\nd be+ well e/abli%$ 9 _! op9ion1 z ! natural "l & lead] ( all our lett]s1 & cu/om be+ condemn$ z a traitor1 intrud+ aga9/ all "r ^u ! t]ritory ( s\nd1 !n !y turn to ! cure ( ?is diseas$ corruption1 & pray ,hippocrates to be judge4 ,to am5d t :i* is amiss 9 ! writ+ ( our tongue1 _! gr\nd-"w be+ laid 9 ! %ak5 mon>*y ( depos$ s\nd1 !y proce$ 9 a full c\rse ( g5]al innovation1 ?\gh "s m & "s less4 ,fir/1 !y increase ! numb] ( our lett]s & diph?ongs1 z if x 7 n possible ei!r h]et(ore to h writt51 or at ?is day to write1 any ^w correctly1 = want ( "s increase 9 ! numb] ( our lett]s4 ,= z ! ov]*>g+ ( our words ) too _m lett]s comes by us+ too mu* ^? :i* we h already1 s ! difficulty ?r\gh us+ !m s div]sely proce$s f ! m]e want ( mat]ial to answ] ea* p>ticul> purpose4 ,!n !y *ange ! =m ( our lett]s & br+ u 9 new faces ) v /range l9eam5ts1 h[ well-fav\r$ to behold1 ,i am sure ,i "k1 & h[ unready = a p5man to run on )1 me?9ks ,i =esee1--yet su* read9ess 9 ! "* to foll[ ! h& r\ndly is a special s]vice belong+ to ! p54 ,nor d ,i myself 9 ^! obs]vations s mu* reg>d :at ! pr9t w /amp well1--= x w express any?+ well ^: =m c be imitat$1--z :at ! p5 w write well & t ) good dispat*1 because pr9t+ is b a peculi> b5efit = ! few1 :ile writ+ is g5]al & 9 e man's f+]s4 ,a =m t is fair to ! eye 9 pr9t & cumb]some to ! h& 9 p5n+1 w n pass 9 writ+4 ,to conclude1 ?is1 !y say1 is ! only help to am5d all misses3 = defect1 to enl>ge2 = :at is old & corrupt1 to br+ 9 :at is new & correct2 ne$ en=ces r$ress1 & duty requires ^! *anges4 ,mu/ we !n alt] all our writ+s anew8 ,or f :at day is ?is re=m to take full place8 ,x is a /range po9t ( physic :5 ! rem$y itself is m dang]\s ?an ! disease4 ,besides1 ,i take ! alt]ation 9 ?is sort to be nei!r necess>y1 z !re is no su* insuffici5cy1 nor yet exp$i5t1 see+ t su* inconv5i5ces foll[4 ,= spee* be+ an in/rum5t & means ( utt]+ :at ! m9d conceives1 if by ! deliv]y ( ! m\? ! m9d be und]/ood1 ! spee* is suffici5t 9 fully answ]+ s ne$ful a purpose4 ,if writ+1 9 :i* ,i include bo? ! pr9t & ! p51 s fully express ! pi? ( ! voice t ! read] may und]/& ! writ]'s mean+ 9 full1 ,i _c p]suade him t ! lett]s :i* he reads are n suffici5t to express ! writ]'s mean+1 z he is ready to confute ?is by ! pro( t he und]/&s x mo/ completely4 ,b ^! objectors w say t ?is und]/&+ comes1 n ?r\gh ! writ+1 b by ! intellig5t read]1 :o und]/&s correctly by means ( ! s usual1 ?\gh s corrupt1 writ+1 :i* is imp]fectly & improp]ly writt51 & t propriety 9 us+ ! p5 is wrongly refus$1 :5 x may be _h easily ) v small ef=t4 ,i l ! reason well1 z ,i admit "s imp]fection4 ,b nei!r is ! imp]fection s great z !y conceive1 nor is _! reason s ne> to r$ress z !y ?9k4 ,z = ! imp]fection1 h[ x comes & h[ to help x1 my :ole lab\r w prove t 9 ! sequel4 ,z = _! reason1 ,i _c see t x w\ld be a small ef=t1 because !y alt] entirely1 or at lea/ !y q *ange ! sup]ficial appe>ance1 :i* 9 ?is case1 :]e propriety 9 writ+ is ! possession ( cu/om1 w\ld be too great a /ra94 ,= cu/om1 be+ s secure1 w n be cont5t to be ov]rul$ 9 8 own prov9ce1 or to admit ! claim ( any re=m :]e he is proprietor1 h[ev] private m5's notions1 ^u nev] s probable appe>ances1 may (f] support to ! contr>y side4 ,! use & cu/om ( our c\ntry has already *os5 a k9d ( p5n+1 9 :i* %e has set d[n h] religion1 h] laws1 h] private & public deal+s2 e private man has1 ) ! approval ( 8 c\ntry1 s drawn 8 private writ+s1 8 evid5ce1 8 lett]s1 t ! ?+ seems impossible to be remov$ by s /rong an alt]ation1 ?\gh x be mo/ will+ to receive "s reasonable prun+1 s t ! sub/ance may rema91 & ! *ange take place 9 su* po9ts only z may please )\t novelty1 & pr(it )\t =c+4 ,= 7 x n 9 good soo? too viol5t a /ep to (f] to ov]?r[ a cu/om s g5]ally receiv$1 s def9itely settl$--nay1 gr\nd$ s securely z %all %ortly appe>--by alt]+ ei!r all or mo/ ( our lett]s8 ,7 x n a sign ( a v simple orator to ?9k t by s /range an innovation he c\ld p]suade cu/om to divorce himself f s long & s lawful a mat*8 ,nay1 7 x n wond]ful ev5 b to wi% t all our ,engli% scripture & div9ity1 all our laws & policy1 all our evid5ce & writ+s 7 p5n$ anew1 because we h n t set d[n 9 writ+ :i* our =efa!rs meant1 b ei!r m or less1 ow+ to ! insuffici5cy ( our writ+1 :i* is n able to set fai?fully & fully d[n :at ! m9d conceives8 ,!y w say t !y d n mean s radical a *ange4 ,b !y mu/ ne$s mean x1 because x mu/ ei!r foll[ at once ^u ! admitt+ ( ?is new alt]ation1 :i* is too great 9 s5se1 or1 aft] a t]m ( ye>s1 :i* is too great 9 ?\ght4 ,= ) a new writ+ com+ 91 & ! old "* gr[+ out ( k1 all records ( :atev] k9d mu/ ne$s ei!r come ov] to ! new fa%ion1 or rema9 worm-eat5 l an old relic1 to be read z ! ,roman religion writt5 d[n "u ,numa ,pompilius 0 read by ^? ( ,cic]o's "t1 :5 e ^w 0 z unc\? & /range z if x _h come f "s o!r _w4 ,b am ,i n und]tak+ a ne$less task 9 disapprov+ :at ,i ne$ n fe>1 because !re is no dang] 9 x1 ! v usage ( our c\ntry refus+ x already8 ,i grant ,i am4 ,b yet ,i mu/ say some?+ t ,i may n seem to contemn1 s9ce if ,i say no?+ my oppon5ts may !n seem to h said some?+4 ,b c]ta9ly ,i hold ! ?+ to be mu* too cumb]some & inconv5i5t1 ev5 ?\gh x 7 likely to be pr(itable1 b :]e no likelihood ( any pr(it at all is 9 sight1 & ! *ange itself seems nei!r necess>y nor easy1 ,i _c approve ! means1 ?\gh ,i be> no grudge to its propos]s1 :o des]ve great ?anks = _! good int5tions4 ,= _! lab\r is v pr(itable to help =w>d "s r$ress1 ?\gh !y !mselves h n hit on x4 ,= :ile diff]5t m5 attempt to solve ! problem1 "s "o or o!r w hit x at la/1 :]eas ! case w\ld be desp]ate if x 7 nev] dealt )4 ,b ?is am5dm5t ( !irs is too f>-fet*$1 & )\t its help we und]/& our pr9t & p51 our evid5ce1 & o!r writ+4 ,& ?\gh we grant "s imp]fection1 z 9 a tongue n yet fully develop$1 yet we d n admit t x is to be p]fect$ ei!r by alt]+ ! =m or by increas+ ! numb] ( our famili> lett]s1 b only by obs]v+ :]e ! tongue by h] ord9>y cu/om yields to ! ref9+ process1 z ! old1 & !re=e ! be/1 me?od leads u4 ,= x is no argum5t1 :5 faults are f\nd1 to say ?is is ! help1 & only ?is1 because no o!r is 9 sight4 ,b :5ev] ! "r is f\nd by ord]ly seek+1 !n ! argum5t is true1 t x 0 n ?or\ghly s\ght1 :5 x 0 d5i$ to exi/4 ,& to speak imp>tially betwe5 ! lett] & s\nd on ! "o side1 & cu/om & ! lett] on ! o!r side1 lett]s c express s\nds ) all _! jo9ts & prop]ties no m fully ?an ! p5cil c ! =m & l9eam5ts ( ! face1 ^: m]it is n life b lik5ess2 = ! lett]s1 ?\gh !y yield n always :at s\nd exactly requires1 give always ! ne>e/1 & cu/om is cont5t ) ?is4 ,& !re=e if a lett] d n s\nd j z y wi%1 yet hold x z ! next be/1 le/ if y *ange y come n s ne>4 ,& ?\gh "o lett] be us$ 9 div]se1 or ev5 contr>y s\nds1 y _c avoid x by any *ange1 see+ t no o!r has be5 lik$ hi!rto b ?is :i* we use4 ,c]ta9ly1 s f> z ,i h obs]v$1 we are z well appo9t$ = our necessity 9 t way1 & z mu* b\nd to our g5]al cu/om = ! artificial tones ( our natural tongue z any o!r nation is to any o!r language1 :e!r anci5t 9 books or mod]n 9 spee*4 ,& :atev] insuffici5cy seems to be 9 its writ+1 x w excuse itself1 & lay ! :ole blame ^u ! insuffici5t obs]v] = n seek+ ! solution 9 ! "r way4 ,?is w be f\nd true1 :5 x %all be se5 t by suffici5t c>e x may be made cle> & pure )\t any =eign help1 & )\t ei!r alt]+ ! =m or increas+ ! numb] ( our ord9>y lett]s1 b only by notes ( its own bre$+1 :i*1 be+ already 9 use1 desire no?+ else b "s direction f art4 ,?is ,i am 9 good hopes ( p]=m+1 accord+ to ! plan ( ! be/ ref9]s 9 ! mo/ ref9$ tongues1 ) su* consid]ation z ei!r bre$s g5]al rules1 or else mu/ be> ) p>ticul> exceptions4 ,i w m>k :at our cu/om>y writ+ w yield u 9 ! way ( notes1 )\t dream+ ( *ange1 :i* _c /em s fatal a curr5t z cu/om runs )4 ,i w !re=e d my be/ to confirm our cu/om 9 8 own "r1 :i* w be easily obta9$1 :]e m5 are acqua9t$ ) ! matt] already1 & w\ld be v glad to see :]e9 ! correct mann] ( _! writ+ /&s1 & a great deal m glad to f9d x s ne> :5 !y ?\ght x to be fur!r (f4 ,?us h ,i run ?r\gh ^! alleg$ infirmities 9 our tongue1 ^: physick+ ,i l n ?is way1 & !re=e ,i w jo9 close ) my own obs]vation to see if t w help4 ,^? m5 :o w give any c]ta9 direction = ! writ+ ( any tongue1 or = any?+ else t conc]ns a tongue1 mu/ take "s p]iod 9 its hi/ory1 or else _! rules w prove inapplicable4 ,= e tongue has a c]ta9 asc5t f ! l[e/ to ! highe/ po9t1 & a desc5t aga9 f ! highe/ to ! l[e/2 & z 9 ! asc5t x has n rea*$ a secure position1 because x is n ?or\ghly r$uc$ to art1 s 9 ! desc5t x comes to be n wor? not+1 because x gets rude aga91 & 9 a mann] )]$4 ,h5ce x comes t ! age ( ,demo/h5es is ! pr9ce ( ,greece1 z t ( ,cic]o is ! fl[] ( ,rome1 & if ! languages ( ^! c\ntries _h n be5 committ$ to ! security ( books1 !y w\ld h be5 ( little wor?2 nay1 !y w\ld h be5 =gott5 altoge!r1 long be=e our day1 z ! spok5 tongues ( ^? nations1 *ang+ cont9ually s9ce ! p]iods nam$1 are n[ q alt]$1 or at lea/ are no?+ l :at !y 7 9 _! prime1 ?\gh /ill bloom+ 9 ano!r =m4 ,s t books give life :]e bodies br+ only dea?4 ,consid] ! ,greek & ,lat9 writ]s be=e ! ages ( ^? m51 & by comp>+ !m ) ^!1 y w see ! diff]5ce t ,i spoke (1 ! e>li] be+ too rude to be br\ght "u rule1 & ! lat] dep>t+ f e/abli%$ rules & yield+ to *ange4 ,?is p]iod ( full developm5t1 ) ! asc5t to x & ! decl9e lead+ to decay1 %[s u t ev]y?+ belong+ to man is subject to *ange1 ! language *ang+ also1 b nev] dy+ out4 ,x mu/ ne$s be !re=e t !re is some?+ ( ! nature ( a s\l 9 e spok5 tongue t fe$s ?is *ange ev5 ) p]ceptible means4 ,= if any tongue be fix$1 & free f movem5t1 x is en%r9$ 9 books1 n subject to ord9>y use1 b made immortal by ! regi/] ( memory4 ,?is secret my/]y1 or r quick5+ _s1 t dwells 9 e spok5 tongue1 & !re=e 9 our own1 ,i call 8pr]ogative10 because :5 s\nd has done 8 be/1 :5 reason has said 8 be/1 & :5 cu/om has c>ri$ into effect :at is be/ 9 bo?1 ?is pr]ogative w resi/ any ( !m1 & take exception to all _! rules1 h[ev] g5]al & c]ta94 ,x ?us makes way = a new *ange1 :i* w foll[ at "s /age ( ! language1 if ! writ]'s p]iod be *os5 at ! be/4 ,i _c comp>e ?is cu/om>y pr]ogative 9 spee* to any?+ bett] ?an to ^? :o devise new g>m5ts1 & are left by law to lib]ty ( device4 ,h5ce x comes 9 ! matt] ( app>el1 t we d n rema9 l ourselves = any l5g? ( "t1 ?\gh :at is mo/ seemly1 l a rule ( art1 pleases ! wise/ p be/4 ,f ?is same lib]ty ( spee* to c>ve out a way = itself1 come ! exceptions to our g5]al rules4 ,h5ce x comes t en\gh1 b\gh1 t\gh1 & su* o!r primitives are s /rangely writt51 & m /rangely s\nd$4 ,9 ?is way pr]ogative seems to be l quicksilv]1 ev] /irr+ & nev] settl$1 ?\gh ! g5]al cu/om always (f]s itself to be ord]$ by rule1 z a close fri5d to reason4 ,?is /irr+ qu9tess5ce1 lead+ to *ange 9 a ?+ t is naturally *angeable & n blamewor?y = *ang+1 "s n v well-advis$ p consid] z an error1 & a private misuse1 contr>y to cu/om1 because x seems to be a v imp]i\s controll]1 b 9 ?is !y are deceiv$4 ,= inde$1 ?\gh ?is pr]ogative1 by opposition 9 p>ticul> cases1 *ecks g5]al conclusions1 yet t opposition came n f individual m52 x is a private ?+ itself1 & ! v life-blood :i* pres]ves tongues 9 _! be/ natural =m1 f ! fir/ "t t !y grew to be ( any acc\nt till !y come to decay1 & beg9 a new p]iod1 diff]5t f ! old1 ?\gh excell5t 9 its k9d1 :i* 9 its turn mu/ give way to ano!r :5 ! "t is ripe4 ,i take ?is pres5t p]iod ( our ,engli% tongue to be its v height1 because ,i f9d x z excell5tly ref9$1 bo? 9 its g5]al sub/ance & 9 its cu/om>y writ+1 z ei!r =eign workman%ip c give x gloss1 or home-wr\ght h&l+ c give x grace4 ,:5 ! p]iod ( our nation :i* n[ uses ! tongue s well is dead & dep>t$1 ano!r w succe$1 & ) ! p ! tongue w alt]4 ,a lat] p]iod may 9 its full h>ve/ prove comp>able to ! pres5t1 b surely ?is :i* we n[ h seems to be at its be/ & brave/1 & :atev] may become ( ! ,engli% ,/ate1 ! ,engli% tongue _c prove fair] ?an x is at ?is date1 if x may please our le>n$ class to ?9k s ( x1 & to be/[ _! lab\r on a subject s capable ( adornm5t1 & s fitt+ to !mselves4 ,! =ce ( pr]ogative is su* t x _c be disobey$1 ?\gh x seems to d]ange "s well-ord]$ rule1 & make p wond] :o d n weigh ! cause4 ,= ?is reason1 :5 any case arises q contr>y to ! common precept1 ?\gh n to ! common cu/om1 !n we mu/ ne$s ?9k ( ! p[] ( pr]ogative1 a great pr9cess 9 influ5ce1 & a p>5t to corruption1 b int5d+ to raise ano!r ,phnix f ! =m] a%es4 ,he :o refuses to grant su* a pr]ogative to any tongue1 d5ies x life1 unless he means1 by regi/]+ "s p]iod 9 x ( mo/ excell5t note1 to re/ra9 pr]ogative1 & pres]ve ! tongue1 :i* he secures by writ+ f be+ pr(an$ by ! p2 x becomes !n a le>n$ tongue & exempt f corruption1 z our book-languages are1 ^: rules are s secure t !y dream ( no *ange4 ,?is pr]ogative & lib]ty :i* ! nation has1 to use bo? spee* & p5 at w1 is ! cause :y ,engli% writ]s are f9] n[ ?an !y 7 "s hundr$ ye>s ago1 ?\gh "s antiqu>y may consid] ! old writ+ f9]4 ,b ! "q is :]e9 f95ess consi/s4 ,s 0 ,sallu/ deceiv$ among ! ,romans1 liv+ ) ,cic]o1 & writ+ l anci5t ,cato4 ,9 ?is pr]ogative ( writ+1 ! v p5 itself is a great influ5ce & has m>vell\s au?ority1 = be+ ! secret>y :o c>ries out :at is express$ by ! intellig5ce1 x presumes ^u ?is to v5ture1 z f> z any c\nsellor may1 ?\gh nev] aga9/ reason1 ^: in/rum5t x is to satisfy ! eye z ! tongue satisfies ! e>4 ,cu/om1 ^: *>ge pr]ogative is1 z ! p5 is 8 convey]1 fav\rs ! p5 v greatly & w n hesitate to ma9ta9 t a da% ) a p5 may hold = a w>rant1 :5 bo? spe$ & grace bid ! p5 be bold4 ,h5ce x comes t 9 our language s _m z's are he>d1 & s few se51 ow+ to ! reg>d = dext]ity & spe$ 9 ! flu5cy ( writ+2 & z ! p5 c d ?is1 ,i take x z a matt] ( pr]ogative1 = ! sake ( smoo?ness1 t our tongue uses z s mu* = s4 ,b x may be said t all our exceptions1 due to mo/ reasonable pr]ogative1 may well be r$uc$ to a g5]al =m1 :i* ,i d n at all d5y1 ?\gh ,i see "s difficulty 9 alt]+ :at our cu/om has ?us grasp$1 & x 7 almo/ too mu* to require any wise & le>n$ man s to arre/ exceptions1 p>ticul>ly :]e no /&>d c be fix$4 ,he :o wi%es ?is seems to conceive ( su* a ?+1 b ev5 if x 7 attempt$1 ! /ream ( cu/om w\ld break out aga9 imm$iately 9 "s o!r way1 & cause an ev5 great] gap1 = no banks c keep x 9 s n>r[ly b ^? t are cont5t to be sometimes ov]fl[$1 & no /r5g? c )/& su* a curr5t b ^? /ays :i* 9 ! fury ( wat] w b5d l a bulru%4 ,if any p51 ei!r ?r\gh ignorance or pret5sion1 (f5d aga9/ reason1 & intrude ^u pr]ogative1 t is no good quill1 & x w n be upheld by me2 nor is t curr5t to be call$ cu/om :i* holds by usurpation2 nor is t cause to be acc\nt$ reason :i* has any o!r beg9n+ ?an g5u9e k1 or any o!r end+ ?an ! nature ( ! ?+ w seem to admit4 ,c]ta9ly1 :5 ,i consid] ! matt] deeply--& my ?\ghts on x h n be5 slight or sup]ficial--,i _c see :y1 :5 ! imp]fections are remov$ t always accompany p]fection1 & c easily be remov$1 to ! satisfaction ( ! wise :o are n bl9d$ ) _! own habits1 ! tongue z well z ! p5 may n q well h its pr]ogative1 s9ce our cu/om has become s well-ord]$ t x may be rul$ )\t *opp+ or *ang+ a s+le lett]1 or o!rwise begg+ m aid f =eign inv5tion ?an ,i h already suffici5tly set d[n4 ,^! are my sugge/ions = ! regulation ( our tongue & ! fix+ ( a /&>d 9 its writ+4 ,if ,i h 9 any way hit ! m>k1 ,i %all be w>rant$ by ! "r1 ?\gh x may n seem s to "s1 & 9 ?is ,i mu/ be com=t$1 ev5 if ,i _c cont5t all4 ,,! ,,p]oration4 ,to my g5tle read]s & fell[-c\ntrym51 :]e9 _m ?+s are h&l$ conc]n+ le>n+ 9 g5]al1 & ! nature ( ! ,engli% & =eign tongues1 besides "s p>ticul> rem>ks ab\t ! writ+ ( books 9 ,engli%4 ,my fell[-c\ntrym5 & g5tle read]s1 my fir/ purpose 9 tak+ up ?is subject1 & v5tur+ into pr9t1 ( :i* till lately ,i h /ood 9 awe1 0 to d "s good 9 ! pr(ession 9 :i* ,i h = _m ye>s be5 engag$1 & by giv+ my exp]i5ce 9 ! tea*+ ( ! le>n$ tongues1 to light5 ! lab\r ( o!r m51 because ,i _h discov]$ "s defects t requir$ a rem$y4 ,b ! consid]ation ( ^! l$ me a great deal fur!r ?an ,i dream$ ( at fir/4 ,int5d+ to deal only ) ! tea*+ ( languages 9 ! ,gramm> ,s*ool1 ,i 0 en=c$ by ! sway ( m$itation to ?9k ( ! :ole c\rse ( le>n+1 & to consid] h[ e p>ticul> ?+ arose 9 a def9ite ord]4 ,= )\t t consid]ation h[ c\ld ,i h disc]n$ :]e to beg9 & :]e to end1 9 any "o ?+ t dep5ds on a sequel & proce$s f a pr9ciple8 ,= ! subject ,i am deal+ ) is a matt] ( asc5t1 :]e e p>ticul> t goes be=e has cont9ual ref]5ce to :at comes aft]1 if ! :ole s*eme is sci5tifically arrang$4 ,9 ?is c\rse ( m9e1 ! elem5t>y pr9ciples may be comp>$ to ! fir/ gr\ndwork1 ! tea*+ ( tongues to ! second /orey & ! aft]-le>n+ to ! upp] build+s4 ,n[ z 9 ar*itecture & build+ he 7 no good workman :o did n plan 8 framework s t ea* ( ! asc5ts %\ld h>monise ) ! o!rs1 s 9 ! /ages ( le>n+ x 7 no ma/]ly "p n to %[ a simil> c>e1 & t _c be done till ! :ole is ?\ght ( & ?or\ghly %ap$ 9 ! m9d ( him :o und]takes ! "w4 ,aft] ,i _h =m$ an op9ion bo? z to :]e lay ! blemi%es :i* disfigur$ le>n+ & z to h[ !y might be r$ress$1 z well = my own practice z by way ( advice to o!rs1 ,i came d[n to p>ticul>s & began to exam9e ev5 f ! v fir/ :at w5t be=e ! tongues 9 ! ord]ly upbr++ ( *ildr54 ,?is 0 ! fir/ task t claim$ me be=e ,i fell to fur!r ?\ghts & ! la/ too1 ev5 :5 ,i _h consid]$ all t foll[$1 b x 0 !n und]tak5 m advis$ly4 ,i ent]$ ^u an inve/igation into ! :ole e>ly tra9+ all ! m readily because ,i p]ceiv$ great backw>dness 9 ! le>n+ ( tongues ?r\gh infirmities 9 ! elem5t>y gr\ndwork4 ,:at a toil x is to a gramm> ma/] :5 ! "y *ild :o is br\ght to him to tea*1 has no f\ndation laid on :i* any?+ c be built6 ,i und]took1 !re=e1 to enquire into all ^? ?+s t conc]n ! elem5t>y tra9+1 z a /age 9 tea*+ prec$+ ! /udy ( gramm>1 hop+ by my own lab\r to be ( use to a multitude ( ma/]s4 ,moreov]1 z ?is matt] conc]ns le>n]s :o h n yet ent]$ ^u ,lat91 & tea*]s :o may h only m$iocre le>n+1 ,i ?\ght x be/ to publi% 9 ! tongue t is common to u all1 bo? be=e & aft] we le>n ,lat94 ,b "h !re are ?ree que/ions t may p]haps be ask$3 ,fir/1 :at ^? blemi%es are :i* ,i obs]v$ 9 ! ma9 body ( le>n+1 a subject s closely inve/igat$ 9 our day by su* a v>iety & excell5ce ( le>n$ wits t e bran* ( x is ?\ght to h recov]$ ! consid]ation x _h at its highe/ po9t2 secondly1 :y 9 reg>d to me?ods ( tea*+ ,i d n cont5t myself ) foll[+ ! prec$5t ( o!r writ]s1 :o 9 great numb]s h writt5 le>n$ treatises ) ! same end 9 view1 b r toil myself ) a private lab\r1 ! issue ( :i* is unc]ta91 :]eas ! previ\s writ]s on ! subject1 be+ !mselves le>n$1 & hav+ a*iev$ success1 may be foll[$ ) assurance2 ?irdly1 if x is my endeav\r to h&le a le>n$ subject 9 ! ,engli% tongue1 :y ,i take s mu* pa9s & su* a special c>e 9 h&l+ x1 t ! weak] sort1 ^: b5efit ,i pr(ess to consid]--nay1 (t5 o!rs also ( reasonable /udy--c ) difficulty und]/& ! c\*+ ( my s5t5ce & ! dep? ( my mean+4 ,:ile ,i answ] ^! que/ions1 ,i mu/ pray y\r pati5ce1 my good ma/]s1 because ! ?+s may n be lightly pass$ ov]1 & 9 satisfy+ y\r dem&s ,i %all pave ! way = ! suit ,i h to make to y4 ,fir/1 z = my g5]al c>e = ! :ole c\rse ( le>n+1 ,i h ?us mu* to say4 ,! end ( e individual man's do+s = 8 own advantage1 & ! end ( ! :ole commonweal = ! good ( u all1 are s mu* alike 9 aspect1 & s entirely ! same 9 nature1 t :5 ! "o is se5 ! o!r ne$s little seek+4 ,ea* individual man lab\rs 9 ?is _w 9 ord] to w9 re/ aft] toil1 to h ease aft] "w2 he does n wi% to be always engag$ 9 lab\r1 :i* w\ld be exce$+ly irksome if x 7 endless4 ,! soldi] fights 9 8 own int5tion p]haps to ga9 ease ?r\gh weal?1 :i* he may w9 by spoil2 9 outw>d appe>ance he lab\rs = ! advantage ( 8 c\ntry by way ( def5ce & security4 ,! m]*ant traffics 9 8 own int5tion to procure p]sonal ease ?r\gh private weal?2 to ! public he seems to lab\r = ! common b5efit1 by supply+ wants 9 necess>y w>es = g5]al use4 ,inde$1 all m51 :atev] be _! occupation1 :ile seek+ private ends 9 _! actions1 at ! same "t concur 9 s]v+ g5]al ends4 ,?us x appe>s t ease aft] lab\r is ! common aim ( bo? private & public ef=ts1 because ev]yone 9 ! natural c\rse ( 8 :ole conduct has reg>d to ! g5]al prosp]ity & quiet1 :i* ma9ta9 8 own p]sonal well-be+4 ,!n ! means bo? ( com+ by ?is end1 & :5 x is come by1 ( ma9ta9+ x 9 /ate1 mu/ ne$s lie 9 su* directions z make = ! peace & quietness ( a ,/ate1 = ! keep+ ( concord & agreem5t )\t any ma9 public brea*1 bo? 9 private h\ses & g5]ally ?r\gh\t ! :ole gov]nm5t4 ,^! peaceable directions ,i call1 & n ,i alone1 by ! simple "n ( g5]al le>n+1 compris+ "u x all ! arts ( peace & ! m9i/ry ( tranquillity--a matt] ( great mom5t1 be+ ! only "r means to s bless$ a ?+ z =tunate peace1 imp>t+ ! b5efit ( public quietness to e h\sehold1 z a c5tral f\nta9 s]ves e man's ci/]n by private pipes1 & if x be n s\nd1 convey+ ! blemi% l ! infect$ wat] ( a f\nta91 or ! corrupt blood t escap+ f ! liv] poisons ! :ole body4 ,ev5 w> itself1 a pr(ess$ enemy to le>n+1 because x is 9 feud ) peace1 may by j h&l+ be %[n to "w = peace at home by unit+ ! m9ds ( all aga9/ a common foe4 ,by ! employm5t ( le>n+ 9 e dep>tm5t all pr9ces gov]n _! ,/ates2 ! g5]al control is ex]cis$ ?r\gh grave & le>n$ c\nsellors & wise & fai?ful ju/ici>ies1 & ! p>ticul> control1 9 religion by div9es1 9 ! heal? ( ! body by physicians1 9 ! ma9t5ance ( "r by lawy]s1 & s on 9 e p>ticul> pr(ession1 f ! greate/ to ! meane/1 ?r\gh\t ! :ole gov]nm5t--a mo/ bless$ means to a mo/ bless$ end1 a le>n$ ma9t5ance ( a heav5ly happ9ess 9 an e>?ly ,/ate ( a heav5ly con/itution4 ,!re=e1 any error 9 ?is means is an injury inde$1 & des]ves to be ?\ght ( z a h9drance to peace1 & a p]nici\s de/roy] ( ! be/ public end1 beg9n+ p]haps z a small sp>k1 b always ga!r+ /r5g? by ! conflu5ce ( simil> infection 9 "s o!r p>ts1 till at la/ x sets all on fire1 & bur/s out 9 a confusion1 ! m to be fe>$ t x fe/]s be=e x breaks into flame1 & %r\d+ itself "u a %[ ( peace1 consumes )\t suspicion1 & escapes be+ br\ght to t]ms z a pr(ess$ enemy4 ,i may say t 9 my reflection on ?is subject ( ! asc5t ( le>n+ f ! elem5t>y /age1 ,i ?\ght ,i f\nd ^! f\r imp]fections 9 ! :ole body ( le>n+--9 "s places an excess1 9 o!rs a defect1 9 o!rs too great a v>iety1 9 o!rs too mu* disagreem5t4 ,^! are f\r great enormities 9 a peaceable means1 bre$+ great diseases1 & bidd+ defiance to quiet1 bo? )9 ! ,/ate 9 ! gov]n+ direction1 & outside x by evid5t inflammation1 & !y are !re=e to be ?\ght ( n only = compla9t 9 p>ticul> cases1 b by magi/rates 9 reg>d to _! am5dm5t4 ,z = excess ,i conceive t z 9 e natural body ! numb] ( s9ews1 ve9s1 & art]ies to give x life & motion1 is def9ite & c]ta91 s 9 a body politic ! di/ributive use ( le>n+1 :i* ,i comp>e to ^? p>ts1 is ev]y:]e c]ta94 ,& :atev] is m ?an nature requires 9 ei!r ( !m1 z 9 ! "o x bre$s disease1 s 9 ! o!r x causes de/ruction by brea* ( proportion1 & s consequ5tly ( peace4 ,9 natural bodies excess appe>s :5 "o or m p>ts encroa* on ! o!rs & enfeeble !m4 ,9 communities ?is excess 9 le>n+ is to be disc]n$ :5 ! private pr(essions swell too mu* & s weak5 ! :ole body1 ei!r by ! multitude ( pr(essional m51 :o bite deeply :]e _m mu/ be f$ & !re is little to fe$ on1 or by unnecess>y pr(essions1 :i* *oke (f ! m useful1 & fill ! _w ) trifles1 or by an inf9itude ( books1 :i* cloy up /ud5ts1 & weak5 !m by an intol]able diffus5ess ( treatm5t1 fatt5+ ! c>cass b l[]+ ! /r5g? ( pi?y matt]4 ,d n all ^! surfeits exi/ at ?is day 9 our own ,/ate8 ,are !y n enemies to ! common good1 be+ gr[n out ( proportion8 ,are !y n wor? consid]ation & r$ress8 ,i pass n[ to ! "q ( defect4 ,9 a natural body !re is too little1 :5 ei!r some?+ necess>y is want+1 or :at is !re is too weak to s]ve its purpose4 ,& does n le>n+ %[ ! same defects1 disquiet+ to a ,/ate1 :5 ! necess>y pr(essional m5 are want+ ei!r 9 numb] or 9 wor?9ess2 :]e %[ takes ! place ( s\nd /uff2 :]e 9 place ( real le>n+ only sup]ficial k is s\ght1 en\gh to make a %ift )2 :5 necess>y pr(essions are despis$ & trampl$ "u foot1 because ! cursory /ud5t has to po/ away 9 ha/e2 :5 !re is a lack ( ne$ful books to fur!r le>n+1 & ^? we h are ( little use ow+ to insuffici5cy ( treatm5t8 ,?is corruption 9 le>n+ any man may see :o desires to seek out ei!r ! malady or its cure2 x is a brea* ( proportion1 & !re=e ( peace1 9 a commonweal?1 a p9+ evil :i* consumes by />v+4 ,z = div]sity 9 matt]s ( le>n+1 ,i ?9k t z x proce$s f diff]5ces 9 ability1 9 upbr++1 9 intellig5ce1 9 judgm5t1 because ^! are mu* f9] 9 "s ?an 9 o!rs1 x does a great deal ( h>m to ! peace ( any ,/ate1 especially :]e its lead]s1 ?\gh !y may n fall out1 b m]ely express _! op9ions1 yet divide /udies accord+ to _! fav\rites1 consid]+ ! importance ( ! subjects less ?an ! attraction ( ! au?ors4 ,if ?is div]sity breaks out 9 e>ne/1 z x has frequ5tly done 9 our "t1 :ile pr9t+ itself1 :i* 9 its natural & be/ uses is ! in/rum5t ( necessity & ! expon5t ( le>n+1 becomes v (t5 too easy an outlet = vaunt+ ambition1 = malici\s envy & rev5ge1 = all passions to all purposes1 :at a sore bl[ is giv5 to ! public quiet1 :5 ! means to welf>e is made an in/rum5t ( di/emp]6 ,= w n he fight 9 8 fury :o brawls 9 8 books8 ,d n ^? m9ds seem arm$ = op5 conflict--nay1 d !y n arm o!rs too by press+ enmity =w>d--:i* 9 private /udies ent] into combats on pap]2 :i* by too mu* eag]ness make a great ado 9 matt]s bett] qu5*$ ?an /irr$ to life2 :i* :et _! wits be=eh& to be wrangl]s ev] aft]1 & z f> z lies 9 !m di/urb ! g5]al welf>e8 ,:at ,i disapprove ( is ne$less combats 9 le>n+2 ^? t are fruitful may g on1 yet ) no m passion ?an common civility & ,*ri/ian *>ity w all[4 ,excess ov]burd5s1 defect weak5s1 div]sity di/racts1 b diss5sion de/roys4 ,y "k y\rselves1 my le>n$ read]s1 :at a wond]ful /ir !re is daily 9 y\r s*ools1 ?r\gh div]g+ op9ions 9 logic1 9 philosophy1 9 ma!matics1 9 physics4 ,! lawy] g5]ally ab/a9s f controv]sal writ+1 because he does n ga9 by x :at he seeks2 plead+ 9 ! ,common ,c\rts (f]s a bett] pa/ure = a lean purse ?an a busy p54 ,! diss5sion 9 div9ity is specially fi]ce1 ! m s because x (t5 falls out t ! adv]s>ies int]m+le _! own passions ) ! matt]s !y treat (4 ,= :ile our religi\s doctr9es sometimes require def5ce1 disputes might (t5 be comp\nd$1 if m5's feel+s 7 z readily cool$ z !y are inflam$4 ,b 9 ! mean:ile h[ greatly is ! g5]al peace di/urb$ by diss5sions t turn aside a wor?y means1 to ma9ta9 a wrong & become a slave to "s inord9ate passion6 ,i _c ent] fully ^u ?is subject1 b t\* ^u x m]ely t my good read]s may und]/& h[ mu* my desire = ! fur!rance ( le>n+ 0 increas$ aft] ,i _h notic$ ^! inconv5i5ces1 ?\gh at fir/ ,i meant only to help ! tea*+ ( ! le>n$ tongues4 ,agreem5t among ! le>n$ is ! "m ( g5]al cont5tm5t2 by c>p+ & contradict+ !y tr\ble ! _w & ta9t !mselves1 be>+ all ! :ile ! "n ( ,*ri/ians--a title :i* enjo9s u to avoid cont5tion1 ev5 by ! submission ( ^? :o are wrong$1 & *>ges u to def5d our religion1 n ) passionate m9ds1 b ) ! arm\r ( pati5ce & tru?4 ,^! 7 ! blemi%es :i* ,i saw by ! way1 & lam5t$ 9 ! body ( le>n+4 ,! am5dm5t :i* ,i desire re/s ^u two great pill>s--! pr(essors ( le>n+1 :o mu/ give intellig5ce ( ! error1 & ! pr9cipal magi/rates--nay1 ev5 ! sov]eign pr9ce--:o be+ ,god's great in/rum5ts to procure quietness = our s\ls & bodies1 our goods & actions1 mu/ br+ ab\t r$ress 9 s important a matt] z ! c\rse ( le>n+4 ,! pr9ce may cut (f :at is 9 excess1 make up :at is defici5t1 reconcile div]sities1 expel diss5sions1 by 8 lawful au?ority = ! g5]al good2 & ev]yone w submit1 because ev]yone is b5efit$4 ,?is1 inde$1 confirms ,plato's say+ t k+s %\ld be philosoph]s2 t is1 t all magi/rates %\ld be le>n$4 ,x is a great corrosive to ! :ole body ( le>n+1 :i* is ! procur] ( peace1 :5 ^? :o h to direct ga9 _! wisdom only ?r\gh exp]i5ce4 ,t is mu*1 b exp]i5ce & le>n+ toge!r make ! bett] equipm5t4 ,x is an hon\rable conception1 besides t x t5ds to ! g5]al good1 = a le>n$ & virtu\s pr9ce1 assi/$ by wise c\nsel1 to r$uce ! numb] ( ^? t foll[ le>n+1 by "s pr9ciple ( selection 9 e dep>tm5t1 to decide :at k9ds ( le>n+ are mo/ useful to ! ,/ate1 & to appo9t a reasonable numb] ( su* books z h ! be/ me?ods ( treatm5t4 ,! f9al au?ority 9 reg>d to e pr(ession has always la9 ) ! pr9ce4 ,action has be5 tak5 be=e 9 all ! directions ,i h spok5 (1 bo? by cons5t ( ! le>n$ & by comm& ( good pr9ces4 ,z our c\ntry is small1 ! ?+ c\ld be ! m easily done2 z our liv+s are limit$1 x is ! m ne$ful2 z ! evil is great1 we are ! less able to be> x2 z our sov]eign is le>n$1 we %all be ! readi] to give e>2 z our p are ( good und]/&+1 !y are ! bett] able to in=m h]4 ,b z ! physician does n ?rive by ! prev5tion ( disease1 nor ! lawy] gr[ ri* by arre/+ cont5tions1 nor a div9e prosp] s mu* 9 a heav5 :]e all is good z on e>? :]e all is evil1 & z private pr(it w be foll[$1 ?\gh x br+ confusion to ! ,/ate1 r$ress w n /ir1 because x judges ! _w to be 9 "s fault :i* x is lo? to confess4 ,h[ev]1 to secure "s r$ress & help 9 ?is matt] at ! h& ( ! rul]1 is ! duty ( all :o make a pr(ession ( le>n+1 if !y w b consid] ! reputation ( le>n+ 9 our day1 :e!r f ! contempt 9 :i* "s pr(essions are held1 or f a defici5cy 9 ^? :o ent] !m4 ,9 ! pr(essors ( le>n+1 to ^: solicitation ?is po9t is recomm5d$1 two ?+s are *iefly requir$4 ,fir/1 t ) m9ds giv5 to peace !y %\ld /udy s\ndly !mselves1 & t ! matt] be wor?y & tak5 9 due ord]4 ,= s\nd le>n+ w n s soon be %ak5 at e eag] po9t ( controv]sy z t :i* is %all[4 ,ord]ly progress gives security1 & a pacific temp] fur!rs ! end t is desir$ bo? privately & publicly4 ,! cons5t ( ! le>n$ & _! quiet incl9ation are a great bless+ to any ,commonweal?1 b especially to ours 9 ?is cont5ti\s "t1 :5 ov]:ett$ m9ds d v little good to "s wor?y pr(essions4 ,! di/ract+ division ( m9ds into sects & sorts ( philosophy did mu* injury 9 ! c\ntries :]e x befel1 & ^? nations among :i* religi\s diss5sions arose h nev] be5 quiet s9ce4 ,! second po9t requir$ 9 a /ud5t is n to seek 8 own advancem5t s mu* z t ( ! ?+s he pr(esses1 & inde$ ! possession ( ^! ?+s is ! be/ means to advance himself1 =1 :]e ignorance is blam$1 k is approv$1 ev5 ?\gh ! approv] may n be le>n$4 ,he :o /udies s\ndly recomm5ds lett]s by 8 own example2 he :o solicits ! help ( ^? 9 au?ority advances le>n+ /ill fur!r2 he :o uses 8 p5 to /r5g!n ! be/ curr5t ( op9ion proves ! g5u95ess ( 8 desire by 8 own practice4 ,9 ?is la/ =m my own lab\r seeks to recomm5d uni=mity1 to /rip (f :at is ne$less1 to supply "s defects1 to help ev]yone to z quiet a c\rse z ,i c temp] my /yle to4 ,! second "q :i* ,i said might be dem&$ ( me1 :y ,i d n foll[ ! prec$5t ( ^? le>n$ writ]s :o h h&l$ ! subject ) great admiration may be v soon answ]$4 ,i admit t ! numb] ( ^? :o h writt5 ^u ! upbr++ ( *ildr5 might be consid]$ suffici5t1 & ,i grant ! excell5ce ( _m ( !m1 su* z ,bembus1 ,/urmius1 & ,erasmus4 ,b ! situation is diff]5t4 ,a free city & a c\ntry "u a mon>*y are n 9 ! same position1 ?\gh !y agree 9 "s g5]al respects1 9 :i* inde$ ^! writ]s d n diss5t f me4 ,nor d ,i fail to foll[ good writ]s1 tak+ example f ^? au?ors :o taught all ! lat] ones to write s well4 ,i am ! s]vant ( my c\ntry2 = h] sake ,i lab\r1 h] circum/ances ,i mu/ consid]1 & :atsoev] ,i %all p5 ,i %all myself see x c>ri$ out1 by ! grace ( ,god1 9 ord] ! bett] to p]suade o!rs by (f]+ ! pro( ( trial4 ,! ?ird "q1 z to my writ+ 9 ,engli%1 & my be+ s c>eful--,i w n say fa/idi\s--9 expression1 conc]ns me m ne>ly1 = x has "s importance4 ,x is ! op9ion ( "s t we %\ld n treat any philosophical subject1 or any ord9>y subject 9 a philosophical mann]1 9 ! ,engli% tongue1 because ! unle>n$ f9d x too difficult to und]/& 9 any case1 & ! le>n$1 hold+ x 9 little e/eem1 get no pleasure f x4 ,9 reg>d bo? to writ+ 9 ,engli% g5]ally1 & my own writ+ 9 p>ticul>1 ,i h ?is to say3 ,no "o language is f9] ?an any o!r naturally1 b ea* becomes cultivat$ by ! ef=ts ( ! speak] :o1 us+ su* opportunities z are af=d$ by ! k9d ( gov]nm5t "u :i* he lives1 endeav\rs to g>ni% x ) eloqu5ce1 & enri* x ) le>n+4 ,su* a tongue1 elegant 9 =m & le>n$ 9 matt]1 :ile x keeps )9 its natural soil1 n only s]ves its imm$iate purpose ) j admiration1 b 9 =eign]s :o become acqua9t$ ) x1 x k9dles a great desire to h _! own language resemble x4 ,?us x came to pass t ! p ( ,a!ns beautifi$ _! spee* 9 ! practice ( plead+1 & enri*$ x ) all k9ds ( k1 br$ bo? )9 ,greece & outside ( x4 ,?us x came to pass t ! p ( ,rome1 hav+ =m$ _! practice 9 imitation ( ! ,a!nian1 became enam\r$ ) ! eloqu5ce ( ^? f :om !y 7 borr[+1 & translat$ _! le>n+ also4 ,h[ev]1 !re 0 n ne>ly ! same am\nt ( le>n+ 9 ! ,lat9 tongue dur+ ! "t ( ! ,romans z !re is at ?is day by ! indu/ry ( /ud5ts ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ,europe1 :o use ,lat9 z a common means ( expression1 bo? 9 orig9al works & 9 translations4 ,roman au?ority fir/ plant$ ,lat9 among u "h1 by =ce ( _! conque/1 & its use 9 matt]s ( le>n+ causes x to cont9ue4 ,!re=e ! s-call$ ,lat9 tongues h _! own peoples to ?ank1 bo? = _! own cultivation at home & = ! fav\r !y enjoy abroad4 ,s x falls out t1 z we are pr(it$ by means ( ^! tongues1 we %\ld pay !m hon\r1 & yet n )\t *]i%+ our own1 9 reg>d bo? to cases :]e ! usage is be/ & to ^? :]e x is op5 to improvem5t4 ,= did n ^! tongues use ev5 ! same means to cultivate !mselves be=e !y prov$ s beautiful8 ,did ! p %r9k f putt+ into _! own language ! ideas !y borr[$ f =eign s\rces8 ,if !y _h done s1 we %\ld nev] h _h ! works we s greatly admire4 ,!re are two *ief reasons :i* keep ,lat91 & to "s ext5t o!r le>n$ tongues1 9 high consid]ation among u1--! k :i* is regi/]$ 9 !m1 & _! use z a means ( communication1 9 bo? speak+ & writ+1 by ! le>n$ class ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,:ile ^! two b5efits are reta9$1 if !re is any?+ else t c be done ) our own tongue1 ei!r 9 beautify+ x1 or 9 turn+ x to practical acc\nt1 we _c b take advantage ( x1 ev5 ?\gh ,lat9 %\ld ?us be displac$1 z x displac$ o!rs1 bequea?+ its le>n+ to u4 ,= is x n inde$ a m>vell\s bondage1 to become s]vants to "o tongue = ! sake ( le>n+1 dur+ ! great] "p ( our "t1 :5 we c h ! v same treasure 9 our own language1 :i* =ms ! joyful title to our lib]ty1 z ! ,lat9 rem9ds u ( our ?raldom8 ,i love ,rome1 b ,i love ,london bett]2 ,i fav\r ,italy1 b ,i fav\r ,engl& m2 ,i hon\r ! ,lat9 tongue1 b ,i wor%ip ! ,engli%4 ,i wi% ev]y?+ 7 9 our tongue :i* ! le>n$ tongues ga9$ f o!rs1 nor d ,i wrong !m 9 treat+ !m z !y did _! pr$ecessors1 tea*+ u by _! example h[ boldly we may v5ture1 not)/&+ ! op9ion ( "s among u1 :o desire r to please !mselves ) a =eign language t !y "k1 ?an to pr(it _! c\ntry 9 _! own language1 :i* !y ought to "k4 ,x is no argum5t to say3 ,w y di%on\r ^? tongues :i* h hon\r$ y1 & )\t :i* y c\ld nev] h enjoy$ ! le>n+ ( :i* y propose to rob !m8 ,= ,i hon\r !m /ill1 z mu* z any "o1 ev5 9 wi%+ my own tongue to be a p>tak] ( _! hon\r4 ,= if ,i did n hold !m 9 great admiration1 because ,i "k _! value1 ,i w\ld n ?9k x any hon\r = my own language to imitate _! grace4 ,i wi% we _h ! /ores ) :i* !y furni%$ !mselves f =eign s\rces4 ,= ! tongues t we /udy 7 n ! fir/ gett]s1 ?\gh by le>n$ lab\r !y prove to be good keep]s1 & !y are ready to dis*>ge _! tru/1 9 h&+ on to o!rs :at 0 committ$ to !m = a t]m1 & n 9 p]petuity4 ,!re c be no disgrace 9 _! deliv]+ to o!rs :at !y receiv$ on t und]/&+4 ,! di%on\r w lie r ) ! tongue t refuses to receive ! inh]itance int5d$ = x & duly (f]$ to x1 & f ?is di%on\r ,i w\ld our language 7 free4 ,i admit ! good =tune ( ^? tongues t _h s great a />t ov] o!rs t !y are mo/ welcome :]ev] !y set foot1 & are always admir$ = _! r>e excell5ce1 dispos+ all m5 to ?9k little ( any =m ( spee* t does n resemble !m1 & to rank ev5 ! be/ ( ^! z m>vell\sly beh9d !m4 ,! dilig5t lab\r ( ! le>n$ m5 ( anci5t times s enri*$ _! tongues t !y prov$ v pliable1 z ,i am assur$ our own w prove1 if our le>n$ fell[-c\ntrym5 w be/[ _! lab\r on x4 ,& :y1 ,i pray y1 %\ld su* lab\r n be be/[$ on ,engli%1 z well z on ,lat9 or any o!r language8 ,w y say x is ne$less8 ,c]ta9ly t w n hold4 ,if loss ( "t ov] tongues1 :ile y are pilgrims to le>n+1 is no injury1 or lack ( s\nd skill1 :ile language di/racts ! m9d f ! s5se1 especially ) ! fooli% & inexp]i5c$1 !n !re might be "s gr\nd = hold+ x ne$less4 ,b s9ce !re 0 no ne$ = ! pres5t loss ( "t 9 /udy ?r\gh lab\r+ ) tongues1 & s9ce our und]/&+ is m p]fect 9 our natural spee*1 h[ev] well we may "k ! =eign language1 me?9ks necessity itself calls = ,engli%1 by :i* all t brav]y may be _h at home t makes u gaze s mu* at ! f9e /rang]4 ,b y w say x is unc\?2 s x is1 ?r\gh be+ unus$4 ,s 0 x ) ,lat91 & s x is ) e language4 ,cic]o himself1 ! p>agon ( ,rome :ile he 0 alive1 & our be/ patt]n n[ ?\gh he is dead1 _h great wre/l+ ) su* wrangl]s1 & _! disda9 ( _! natural spee*1 be=e he won f ! public ( 8 "t ! op9ion 9 :i* he 0 held by ! be/ ( 8 fri5ds !n1 & is held by u n[4 ,are n all 8 prefaces to 8 philosophical writ+s full ( su* conflicts ) ^! cavill]s8 ,engli% wits are v well able1 ?ank ,god1 if ! good w 7 pres5t1 to make t unc\? & unkn[n le>n+ v famili> to our p 9 our own tongue1 ev5 by ! example ( ^? v writ]s we e/eem s highly1 :o hav+ done = o!r languages :at ,i wi% = ours 9 ! l case1 mu/ ne$s approve ( u1 unless !y ass]t t ! m]it ( convey+ k f a =eign tongue di$ ) !m1 n to revive among u4 ,b :atev] !y may say to cont9ue _! own cr$it1 our fell[-c\ntrym5 _c b ?9k t x is our praise to obta9 by pur*ase & transplant+ into our own tongue :at !y 7 s desir\s to place 9 !irs1 & are n[ s lo? to =go aga92 x is inde$ ! faire/ fl[] ( _! :ole g>l&1 = ^! tongues w\ld )] soon1 or decay altoge!r1 b = ! great k conta9$ !re94 ,if our p 7 n readi] to wond] at _! workman%ip ?an to take tr\ble ) _! own tongue1 !y might h ! same advantage4 ,our ,engli% is our own1 & mu/ be us$ by ^? to :om x belongs1 z 7 ^? o!rs t 7 rank$ ) ! be/4 ,b x may be repli$ t our ,engli% tongue is n wor?y ( su* cultivation1 because x has s little ext5t1 /ret*+ no fur!r ?an ?is isl& ( ours1 & n ev5 ov] ! :ole ( t4 ,:at ?\gh ?is be true8 ,/ill x reigns "h & s]ves our purpose2 x %\ld be bru%$ clean 9 ord] to be worn4 ,are n ,engli% folk1 ,i pray y1 z p>ticul> z =eign]s8 ,& is n z mu* ta/e ne$$ = our tongue 9 speak+1 & our p5 9 writ+1 z = app>el & diet8 ,b1 x w be said1 our ,/ate is no empire1 hop+ to enl>ge itself by rul+ o!r c\ntries4 ,:at !n8 ,?\gh x be nei!r l>ge 9 possession1 nor 9 pres5t hope ( great increase1 yet :]e x rules x c make good laws to suit its position1 z well z ! l>ge/ c\ntry c1 & (t5 bett]1 s9ce 9 ! greate/ gov]nm5ts !re is (t5 confusion4 ,b aga91 x w be urg$1 we h no r>e k belong+ to our soil to make =eign]s /udy our tongue z a treasure ( su* /ore4 ,:at ( t8 ,we are able by its means to apply to our use all ! great treasure bo? ( =eign soil & ( =eign language4 ,& :y may n ,engli% wits1 if !y w b5d _! wills to seek matt] & me?od1 be z mu* s\ght aft] by =eign /ud5ts = ! increase ( _! k z our soil is already s\ght aft] by =eign m]*ants = ! increase ( _! weal?8 ,z ! soil is f]tile because x is cultivat$1 s ! wits are n b>r51 if !y *oose to br+ =?4 ,yet ?\gh all ?is be true1 we are 9 despair ( ev] see+ our own language s ref9$ z 7 ^? :]e public orations 7 held 9 ord9>y c\rse1 & ! v tongue itself made a *>iot to hon\r4 ,our ,/ate is a mon>*y1 :i* controls language1 & tea*es x to please2 our religion is ,*ri/ian1 & pref]s ! nak$ tru? to ref9em5t ( t]ms4 ,:at !n8 ,if = want ( t ex]cise :i* ! ,a!nian & ! ,roman enjoy$ 9 _! spaci\s c\rts1 no ,engli%man %\ld prove to be a ,cic]o or a ,demo/h5es1 yet 9 tru? he may prove comp>able to !m 9 8 own commonweal? & 9 ! eloqu5ce t befits x4 ,& :y n inde$ comp>able to !m 9 all po9ts t conc]n 8 natural tongue8 ,our bra9 c br+ =?2 our ideas w be> life2 our tongues are n ti$1 & our lab\r is our own4 ,& eloqu5ce itself is limit$ nei!r to "o language nor to "o soil2 ! :ole _w is its measure1 & ! wise e> is its judge1 hav+ reg>d n to greatness ( /ate1 b to ! capacity ( ! p4 ,& ev5 ?\gh we %\ld despair ( altoge!r rivall+ ! excell5ce ( =eign tongues1 mu/ our own !re=e be unbeautifi$8 ,x %\ld c]ta9ly /rive to rea* its be/ if ,i c\ld help4 ,we may aspire to come to a c]ta9 height1 ev5 ?\gh we c pass no fur!r4 ,! nature ( our gov]nm5t w admit true speak+ & writ+1 & eloqu5ce w be approv$ if x gives pleasure & is wor?y ( praise1 s long z x prea*es peace1 & t5ds to pres]ve ! ,/ate4 ,our religion does n condemn any ornam5t ( language :i* s]ves ! tru? & does n presume ov]mu*4 ,nay1 may n eloqu5ce be a great bless+ f ,god1 & ! trumpet ( 8 hon\r1 z ,*ryso/om calls t ( ,/4 ,paul1 if x be religi\sly b5t8 ,^? :o h read ! /ory ( ! e>ly *ur* f9d t eloqu5ce 9 ! primitive ,*ri/ians ov]?rew great =ces b5t aga9/ our fai?1 & p]suad$ numb]s to embrace ! cause1 :5 ! p[] ( tru? 0 jo9$ to =ce 9 ! ^w4 ,we %\ld seek eloqu5ce to s]ve ,god1 b %un x to s]ve ourselves1 unless we h ,god's w>rant4 ,b w y ?us break (f communication ) le>n$ =eign]s by bani%+ ,lat91 & putt+ h] le>n+ into y\r own tongue8 ,communication w n cease :ile p h cause to int]*ange deal+s1 & x may easily be cont9u$ )\t ,lat94 ,already 9 "s c\ntries1 ^: languages are ak9 to ! ,lat91 ! le>n$ class are wean+ _! tongues & p5s f ! use ( ,lat91 bo? 9 writt5 disc\rse & spok5 disputation1 to _! own natural spee*4 ,x is a "q n ( disgrac+ ,lat91 b ( grac+ our own language4 ,:y %\ld we hon\r a /rang] m ?an our own1 if ! purpose be s]v$8 ,& al?\gh1 on acc\nt ( ! limitations ( our language1 no =eign] w\ld seek to borr[ f u z we d f o!r tongues1 because we devise no?+ new1 ?\gh we receive ! old1 yet we ourselves ga9 v mu* 9 /udy by be+ set f ! fir/ 9 ! privy *amb]s ( k1 ?r\gh ! famili>ity ( our native spee*4 ,ju/9ian ! emp]or said to ! /ud5ts ( law1 :5 he gave imp]ial =ce to 8 ,in/itutes1 t !y 7 mo/ happy 9 ! advantage ( he>+ ! ,emp]or's voice at fir/ h&1 :ile ^? ( e>li] times 7 delay$ = f\r :ole ye>s4 ,& does n our /udy ( =eign languages take u fully f\r ye>s8 ,if ?is 7 ! only h9drance inde$1 & if we ga9$ o!rwise1 we c\ld be> ! loss4 ,b x is n only "t t is lo/ 9 /udy+ =eign tongues1 ?\gh we mu/ use !m till we le>n to d )\t !m4 ,:o c d5y t we und]/& be/ 9 our natural spee*1 see+ t all our =eign le>n+ is appli$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( our own language1 & le>n+ is ( value only 9 s f> z x is appli$ to p>ticul> uses8 ,b :y n ev]y?+ 9 ,engli%1 a tongue 9 itself bo? deep 9 mean+ & frank 9 utt]ance8 ,i d n ?9k t any language :atsoev] is bett] able to express all subjects ) pi? & pla9ness1 if he :o uses x is z skilful & well-in/ruct$ z ! =eign]4 ,me?9ks ,i myself c\ld prove ?is 9 reg>d to ! mo/ v>i$ subjects1 ?\gh ,i am no great s*ol>1 b only an e>ne/ well-wi%] to my own c\ntry4 ,& ?\gh 9 deal+ ) c]ta9 subjects we mu/ use _m =eign t]ms1 we are only do+ :at is done 9 ! mo/ r5[n$ languages1 t boa/ ( _! skill & k4 ,x is a necessity betwe5 "o c\ntry & ano!r to int]*ange words to express /range matt]1 & rules are appo9t$ = adapt+ !m to ! use ( ! borr[]s4 ,x is an accid5t :i* keeps our tongue f natural gr[? out ( its own res\rces1 & n ! real nature ( ! language1 :i* c\ld /ra9 ) ! /ronge/ & /ret* to ! fur!/1 ei!r = ! purposes ( gov]nm5t1 if we 7 conqu]ors1 or = le>n+ if we 7 its treasur]s1 no :it beh9d ! subtle ,greek = c\*+ close1 or ! /ately ,lat9 = spread+ fair4 ,our tongue is capable ( all1 if our p w\ld be/[ pa9s ^u x4 ,! v soil ( ,greece1 x is not$ by "s1 _h a ref9+ influ5ce on ,philelphus1 :o 0 born 9 ,italy4 ,italy1 says ,erasmus1 w\ld h _h ! same effect on our ,sir ,?omas ,m1 if he _h be5 tra9$ !re4 ,& _c lab\r & practice "w z great wond]s 9 ,engli% wits at home z ! air c d abroad8 ,is a *ange ( soil ! be/ or ! only means ( fur!r+ gr[?8 ,nay1 surely wits are equally %>p ev]y:]e1 ?\gh :]e !re is less int]c\rse & a heavi] climate1 ! lab\r mu/ be great] to make up = :at is want+ 9 nature4 ,if su* pa9s be tak5 we may boldly arm ourselves ) t two-word$ & ?rice wor?y "q--,:y n8 ,b grant t x 7 an h]esy1 see+ t we are tra9$ 9 =eign tongues1 ev5 to wi% ev]y?+ to be 9 ,engli%4 ,c]ta9ly !re is no fault 9 h&l+ 9 ,engli% :at is prop] to ,engl&1 ?\gh ! same subject well h&l$ 9 ,lat9 w\ld be likely to please ,lat9i/s4 ,b an ,engli% b5efit mu/ n be measur$ by ! pleasure ( a ,lat9i/4 ,x is a matt] n = s*ol>s to play )1 b = /ud5ts to practise1 :]e ev]yone c judge4 ,besides1 h[ _m %all[ ?+s are (t5 utt]$ 9 ,lat9 & o!r =eign tongues1 :i* "u ! b>e veil ( a /range =m seem to be some?+1 b if !y 7 express$ 9 ,engli%1 & ! mask pull$ (f s t ev]yone c\ld see !m1 w\ld make b a sorry %[1 & soon be disclaim$ ev5 by ^? :o utt]$ !m1 ) "s ?\ght ( ! old say+--8,_h ,i kn[n1 ,i w\ld n60 ,& 7 x n bett] to ga9 judgm5t ?r\gh\t 9 our own ,engli% ?an ei!r to lose x or h9d] x 9 ,lat9 or any o!r =eign tongue8 ,su* consid]ations make me ?ankful = :at we h ga9$ f =eign s\rces1 b at ! same "t desir\s ( fur!r+ ! int]e/ ( my own natural tongue1 & !re=e 9 treat+ ( ! fir/ rudim5ts ( le>n+ ,i am v well cont5t to make use ( ,engli%1 )\t r5\nc+ my "r to use ,lat9 or any o!r le>n$ tongue1 :5 ,i come to speak ( matt]s :]e x may be suitable4 ,b :ile my writ+ 9 ,engli% may seem n amiss = ! s]vice ( my c\ntry1 my mann] ( writ+ may (f5d "s 9 seem+ fa/idi\s & obscure1 & ,i may be br\ght to task z fail+ 9 :at ,i pr(ess$1 by deal+ ) matt]s too h>d = ! ignorant to und]/&1 or us+ too close a /yle & too r>e t]ms = pla9 folks to foll[4 ,all ^! difficulties are v great foes to ! p]ception ( ! ord9>y man1 :o c und]/& only s f> z he has be5 tra9$1 & !y are no good fri5ds to my purpose1 z ,i write = ! b5efit ( ! _m1 :o are untra9$ & unskilful4 ,b al?\gh ^! objections make a v plausible %[1 yet ,i mu/ beg leave to plead my own cause 9 reg>d to matt]1 /yle1 & ! use ( t]ms4 ,inde$ half my answ] is giv5 :5 ,i say t ,i mean well to my c\ntry1 = 9 attempt+ difficulties "o may claim p>don = defects1 & :at ,i d is 9 ! int]e/ ( our tongue1 :i* ,i desire to see enri*$ 9 e way & hon\r$ ) e ornam5t ( eloqu5ce1 s t x c vie ) any =eign language4 ,b fir/ to exam9e ! *>ge ( h>dness 9 ! subject-matt]1 :i* ! read] is said to h difficulty 9 und]/&+4 ,9 :at1 ,i pray y1 consi/s ?is h>dness t is said to lie 9 ! matt]8 ,or r does n all h>dness belong to ! p]son1 & n to ! ?+1 9 ?is case z ev]y:]e else8 ,if ! p]son :o und]takes to tea* does n "k 8 subject well en\gh to make x prop]ly und]/ood1 is ! ?+ !re=e h>d t is n ?or\ghly grasp$8 ,or if ! le>n] ei!r fails to und]/& ow+ to defici5t k1 or w n make ! ne$ful ef=t ow+ to "s evil disposition1 is ! ?+ !re=e h>d :i* is s cross$ by p]sonal infirmity8 ,surely n4 ,!re is no h>dness 9 any?+ :i* is express$ by a le>n$ p51 h[ev] f> remov$ f common use1 7?\gh to %ield neglig5ce ! *>ge is (t5 made71 if ! tea*] kn[s x suffici5tly1 & ! le>n] be will+ & n wayw>d4 ,= :at are ! ?+s :i* we h&le 9 le>n+8 ,are !y n ( our own *oice8 ,are !y n our own inv5tions8 ,are !y n meant to supply our own ne$s8 ,& 0 n ! fir/ inv5tor v well able to op5 up ! ?+ he inv5t$ be=e he comm5d$ x to o!rs8 ,or did ^? :o receiv$ x d s be=e !y 7 in/ruct$ z to its use8 ,or c\ld blunt ignorance h won su* cr$it 9 a d\btful case1 ?\gh pr(ess+ to br+ advantage1 t x 0 believ$ be=e x _h p]suad$ ^? :o _h any =esight1 by pla9 evid5ce t ! ?+ 0 pr(itable1 z well = ! pres5t z = ! "t to come8 ,if ! fir/ inv5tor c\ld bo? f9d & p]suade1 8 foll[] mu/ d likewise1 or be at fault himself2 he mu/ deliv] ! matt] f ! suspicion ( h>dness1 :i* arises f 8 own defect 9 exposition4 ,if he :o reads fails to grasp ! mean+ ?r\gh ignorance1 he is to be p>don$ = 8 infirmity2 if hav+ "s capacity he fails f lack ( w1 he is puni%$ en\gh by be+ left 9 ignorance2 & if :ile able to foll[ ) ! be/ he keeps ) ! wor/1 bl9d$ und]/&+ is ! greate/ d>kness1 & puni%es ! evil hum\r ) ! deprav+ ( reason4 ,if an exp\nd]1 su* z ,i am n[1 be himself weak1 he is ill-advis$ if he ei!r writes be=e he kn[s1 or does n m5d :5 he has writt5 amiss1 provid$ he kn[s :]e & h[4 ,yet ! read]'s c\rtesy is "s protection aga9/ error to him :o writes1 z ! writ]'s p>don is a protection to him :o reads1 if simple ignorance is ! only fault1 )\t defect 9 goodwill4 ,x w be admitt$ t h>dness mu/ arise ei!r f ! ?+ itself or f ! h&l+4 ,if ! ?+ itself is h>d x mu/ be because x is /range to ! read]1 because x is outside ( 8 ord9>y int]e/s & occupations1 or because he does n give full /udy & att5tion to x4 ,to illu/rate ! =m] difficulty1 :at aff9ity is !re1 9 respect ( occupation1 betwe5 a simple pl\ghman1 a w>y m]*ant1 & a subtle lawy]1 or betwe5 manual trades & metaphysical disc\rses1 :e!r 9 ma!matics1 physics1 or div9ity8 ,aga91 ev5 to /ud5ts :o pr(ess "s alliance ) :at !y /udy1 c any?+ be easy if !y h n lab\r$ suffici5tly 9 x8 ,i ne$ say no m ?an ?is1 t :]e !re is no acqua9tance 9 pr(ession !re is no help to und]/&+1 :]e !re is no famili>ity !re is no facility1 :]e !re is no conf]5ce !re is no k4 ,if ! man delves ! e>?1 & ! matt] dwells 9 heav51 !re is no means ( unit+ !m ov] s great a di/ance4 ,b :5 ! und]/&+1 ?\gh 9 aff9ity1 is cle>ly insuffici5t1 !re is f> m h>dness ?an :]e !re is a diff]5ce ( occupation1 because a va9 conceit br+s mu* m error ?an weak k4 ,"s good may come out ( an ignorant fell[ if he beg9 to take hold1 b ! lukew>m le>n$ m>s 8 way by prejudic$ op9ion4 ,b 9 all ?is1 if !re be any difficulty ab\t ! matt]1 its cause lies 9 ! man1 & n 9 ! nature ( ! ?+4 ,i am quick 9 tea*+1 & h>d ( und]/&+1 b t[>ds :om & :y8 ,t[>ds him1 =soo?1 :o is n suffici5tly acqua9t$ ) ! matt] 9 h&4 ,well1 !n1 if want ( famili>ity is ! cause ( ! difficulty1 acqua9tance once made & cont9u$ w rem$y t compla9t1 if ! matt] seem wor? ! man's acqua9tance 9 8 natural tongue1 = t is a "q 9 a vision bl9d$ by =eign glam\rs1 or if ! le>n] is really desir\s to be rid ( 8 ignorance1 = t is ano!r "q :]e a va9 op9ion ov]-values itself4 ,= 9 ! case ( a book writt5 9 ! ,engli% tongue !re are s _m ,engli%m5 well able to satisfy fully ! ignorant read]1 t x 7 too great a disc\rtesy n to light5 a man's lab\r ) a %ort "q1 & an equally %ort answ]4 ,b :]e ! matt]1 be+ no pleasant tale nor amor\s device1 b a s]i\s & wor?y argum5t conc]n+ sob] le>n+1 n famili> to all read]s1 or ev5 to all writ]s1 pr(esses no ease )\t "s ef=t1 !n if su* ef=t be n made an unnatural idl5ess is betray$1 :i* desires less to f9d ease ?an to f9d fault4 ,= :y %\ld "o lab\r to help all1 & none be will+ to help t "o8 ,nay1 :y %\ld none be will+ to help !mselves out ( ! dang] & bondage ( bl9d ignorance8 ,if ! book 7 all 9 ,lat91 & ! read] 7 n acqua9t$ ) a s+le ^w1 !n ! case w\ld be desp]ate1 b z x is1 any man may compass x ) v little inquiry f 8 skilful neighb\r4 ,!re=e if any?+ seems h>d to an ignorant man :o desires to "k1 & fails ow+ to ! unfamili>ity ( ! subject1 he mu/ h&le ! ?+ (t51 s t x may become easy1 & :5 a d\bt arises he mu/ conf] ) ^? :o h m k4 ,= all /range ?+s seem great novelties1 & are h>d to grasp at _! fir/ arrival1 b aft] "s acqua9tance !y become q famili>1 & are easily dealt )4 ,& words likewise :i* express /range matt]s1 or are /rang]s !mselves1 are n wild bea/s1 nor is a t]m a tig] to prove :olly untractable4 ,famili>ity & acqua9tance w br+ facility bo? 9 matt] & 9 words4 ,if ! h&l+ seems to cause ! difficulty1 & if t proce$s f him :o pres5ts ! argum5t1 n only 9 ! op9ion ( ! unpractis$ read]1 b truly 9 ! view ( ^? :o are able to judge1 !n su* a writ] is wor?y ( blame1 9 seek+ to exp\nd )\t suffici5t /udy2 b if ! defective h&l+ is due n to ! writ]1 b to pla9 misund]/&+1 !n !re is small praise to ! read] :o miscon/rues )\t reg>d to c\rtesy or rev]5ce = tru?4 ,z = my /yle 9 treatm5t1 if x be *>g$ ) difficulty1 t also proce$s f *oice1 be+ int5d$ to %[ t ,i come f ! =ge1 be+ always famili> ) /rong /eel & pi?y /uff 9 ! read+ ( good writ]s1 & !re=e b\nd to resemble t metal 9 my /yle4 ,to argue closely & ) sequ5ce1 to trace causes & effects1 to seek s9ews & s\nd /r5g? r ?an wa/e fle%1 is seemly = a /ud5t1 especially :5 he writes = p]petuity1 :]e ! read] may keep ! book by him to /udy at 8 leisure1 n be+ =c$ ei!r to take x all at once or =go x altoge!r1 z is ! case 9 spee*4 ,disc\rses t are entirely popul>1 or are writt5 9 ha/e = ! mom5t1 may well be slight 9 mann]1 = _! life is %ort2 & :]e :at is said is at once to be put to pres5t use1 ! pla9] ! /yle ! m plausible x w be1 & !re=e mo/ excell5t 9 its k9d1 s9ce ! expression mu/ be adapt$ to ! imm$iate end 9 view1 leav+ no?+ to muse on1 z !re is no "t = mus+4 ,b :]e ! matt] is no c\ri] to po/ away 9 ha/e1 & !re mu/ be mus+ on x1 ano!r c\rse mu/ be tak51 & yet ! mann] ( deliv]y mu/ n be ?\ght h>d1 nor comp>$ ) o!rs ( a diff]5t k9d1 consid]+ t x is meant to tea*1 & c use su* pla9ness only z ! subject admits (4 ,does any man ( judgm5t 9 le>n+ & 9 ! ,lat9 tongue ?9k t ,cic]o's orations & 8 disc\rses 9 philosophy 7 equally well kn[n & ( equal pla9ness to ! p ( ,rome1 ?\gh bo? 9 _! own way are pla9 en\gh to u1 :o "k ! ,lat9 tongue bett] ?an our own1 because we pore ov] x1 & pay no att5tion to our own8 ,c]ta9ly n1 z appe>s f _m passages 9 ,cic]o himself1 :]e he notes ! diff]5ce1 & confesses t ! newness ( ! subjects :i* he transport$ f ,greece 0 ! cause ( "s d>kness to ! ord9>y read]1 & ( "s contempt to ! le>n$ because !y fanci$ ! ,greek m4 ,yet nei!r ignorance nor contempt c\ld disc\rage 8 p5 f seek+ ! advantage ( 8 own language1 by translat+ into x ! le>n+ :i* o!rs wi%$ to rema9 9 ! ,greek2 he kept on 8 c\rse1 & 9 ! end ! tide turn$ 9 8 fav\r1 br++ him ! cr$it :i* he enjoys to ?is day4 ,& he himself be>s witness t ! resi/ance he met ) 0 due n only to ! matt] ( :i* he treat$1 b also to 8 mann] ( expression1 & ev5 to ! v words he us$1 :i* be+ /range & newly-co9$ 7 n und]/ood by ! ord9>y read]4 8,i c\ld write ( ^! ?+s10 he says1 mean+ philosophical subjects1 8l ,amasanius0 7an obscure writ] ( apoph!gms7 8b 9 t case n l myself2 z pla9ly z he1 b n !n s z to satisfy myself1 or d ju/ice to ! subject z ,i %\ld h&le x4 ,i mu/ def9e1 divide1 di/+ui%1 ex]cise judgm5t1 & use ! t]ms ( art4 ,i mu/ h reg>d z well to ^? f :om my le>n+ is borr[$1 t !y may say !y meant x s1 z to ^? = :om x is borr[$1 t !y may say !y und]/& x40 ,! writ] :o does o!rwise may be ?\ght pla9 by ^? :o seek no?+ f>1 b if ^? :o call = pla9ness are always to be pleas$1 & dealt ) s da9tily t !y are put to no pa9s to le>n & enquire1 :5 !y f9d !mselves 9 a difficulty ?r\gh _! own ignorance2 if !y mu/ be made a lure = le>n+ to desc5d to1 r deg5]at+ h]self ?an tea*+ !m to look up1 :at is ! use ( skill8 ,he :o made ! e>? made hills & dales1 heights & pla9s1 smoo? places & r\gh1 & yet all good ( _! own k9d4 ,pla9ness is good = a pleasant c\rse1 & a popul> /yle is 9 place 9 ord9>y argum5t1 :]e no art is ne$$ because ! read] kn[s none1 & ! matt] c be simply express$1 be+ inde$ 9 h] be/ col\rs :5 %e is dress$ = common purposes4 ,likewise ?is alleg$ h>dness1 ?\gh x belong to ! matt]1 has its special use 9 :ett+ p's wits1 & mak+ a deep impression1 :]e :at seems d>k conta9s some?+ t mu/ be consid]$ ?rice be=e x is ma/]$4 ,lab\r is ! co9 :i* is curr5t 9 heav51 = :i* & by :i* ,almighty ,god sells ,8 be/ w>es1 ?\gh 9 ,8 great goodness ,he sometimes does m = "s 9 giv+ !m quickness & intellig5ce1 ev5 )\t great lab\r1 ?an any lab\r c d = o!rs1 9 ord] to let u "k t ,8 m]cy is ! mi/ress :5 our lab\r le>ns be/4 ,b 9 our ord9>y life1 if c>pet+ be knight+1 :]e is necess>y def5ce8 ,if easy und]/&+ be ! readie/ le>n+1 !n wake n my lady2 %e le>ns z %e lies4 ,if all ?+s are h>d :i* ev]yone ?9ks to be s1 :]e is ! privilege & b5efit ( /udy8 ,:at is ! use ( /udy1 if :at we get by lab\r is condemn$ z too h>d = ^? t d n /udy4 ,i w n allege t ! le>n$ m5 ( old made use ( obscure expressions 9 matt]s ( religion 9 ord] to w9 rev]5ce t[>ds a subject t belong$ to ano!r _w & c\ld n be fully dealt ) 9 ord9>y spee*1 nor t ! old wisdom 0 express$ 9 riddles1 prov]bs1 fables1 oracles1 & my/ic v]ses1 9 ord] to draw m5 on to /udy1 & fix 9 ! memory :at 0 c>efully consid]$ be=e x 0 utt]$4 ,are any ( our olde/ & be/ writ]s :om we n[ /udy1 & :o h be5 ?\ght ! greate/1 ea* 9 8 k9d1 ev] s9ce !y fir/ wrote1 und]/ood at once aft] a s+le read+1 ev5 ?\gh ^? :o are /udy+ !m "k _! tongue z well z we "k ,engli%--nay1 ev5 bett]1 because x is m intricate8 ,or is _! mann] ( writ+ to be disapprov$ ( z d>k1 because ! ignorant read] or fa/idi\s /ud5t _c /raightway ru% into x8 ,t !y fell into t compress$ k9d ( writ+ ow+ to _! v pi? 9 say+ mu* :]e !y speak lea/1 is cle>ly %[n by ! comm5ts ( ^? :o exp& at great l5g? :at 0 set d[n 9 "o %ort s5t5ce--nay1 ev5 9 a s+le phrase ( a s5t5ce4 ,are n all ! *ief p>agons & pr9cipal lead]s 9 e pr(ession ( ?is same "*1 inaccessible to ord9>y p1 ev5 ?\gh us+ ! same language1 & giv+ ( _! /ore only to ^? :o w /udy8 ,b may n ?is obscurity lie 9 him :o f9ds x r ?an 9 ! matt]1 :i* is simple 9 itself1 & simply express$1 ?\gh x may n seem s to him8 ,our da9t9ess deceives u1 our want ( goodwill bl9ds u--nay1 our lack ( skill is ! v wit* :i* b]eaves u ( s5se1 ?\gh we pr(ess to h k & fav\r t[>ds le>n+4 ,= ev]yone :o bids a book good-morr[ is n necess>ily a s*ol>1 or a judge ( ! subject dealt ) 9 ! book4 ,he may h /udi$ up to a c]ta9 po9t1 b p]haps nei!r h>d nor long1 or he may be v little acqua9t$ ) ! subject he is seek+ to judge (4 ,p]haps ! desire ( pref]m5t has cut %ort 8 /udy :5 x 0 mo/ promis+1 or !re is "s o!r ( ! _m causes ( weakness1 al?\gh pret5sion may impose ^u ! _w ) a %[ ( le>n+4 ,any man may judge well ( a matt] :i* he has suffici5tly /udi$1 & ?or\ghly practis$ 7if x be a /udy t requires practice71 & has reg>d$ 9 its v>i\s relations4 ,a pretty skill 9 "s p>ticul> direction w sometimes glance beyond1 & %[ a smatt]+ ( fur!r k1 b no fur!r ?an a glance1 no m ?an a smatt]+4 ,!re=e1 9 my judgm5t ( ano!r man's writ+s1 s mu* only is j z ,i %\ld be able to prove s\ndly1 if ,i 7 s]i\sly *all5g$ by ^? :o c judge1 n s mu* z ,i may v5ture uncontroll$1 9 seek+ m]ely to please myself or ^? z ignorant z myself4 ,apelles c\ld admit ! op9ion ( ! cobbl]1 s f> z 8 k ( cobbl+ ju/ifi$ him1 b n an in* fur!r4 ,z = my mann] ( writ+1 if ,i d n meet expectation1 ,i h always "s w>rant1 = ,i write r ) reg>d to ! ess5ce ( ! matt] 9 h& ?an to sup]ficial effect4 ,= h[ev] x may be 9 spee*1 & 9 t k9d ( writ+ :i* resembles spee*1 be+ adapt$ to ord9>y subjects ) an imm$iate practical end1 c]ta9ly :]e ! matt] has to /& a m la/+ te/1 & be tri$ by ! hamm] ( le>n$ criticism1 !re %\ld be precision1 ord]ly me?od1 & c>efully *os5 expression1 e ^w hav+ its due =ce1 & e s5t5ce be+ well & delib]ately weigh$4 ,su* writ+1 ?\gh x may be )\t e/eem 9 our age ?r\gh ! triviality ( ! "t1 may yet w9 x 9 ano!r1 :5 its value is appreciat$4 ,"s hundr$s ( ye>s may pass be=e sa9ts are en%r9$1 or books ga9 _! full au?ority4 ,z = ! g5]al writ+ 9 ! ,engli% tongue1 ,i mu/ ne$s say t = "s po9ts ( h&l+ !re is no language m excell5t ?an ours4 ,= tea*+ memory "w pleasantly1 z 9 ! old leon9e v]ses1 :i* run 9 rhyme1 x admits m dalliance ) words ?an any o!r tongue ,i "k4 ,9 firmness ( spee* & /rong end+ x is v =cible1 because ( ! monosyllabic words ( :i* x s l>gely consi/s4 ,= f9e translation 9 pi?y t]ms ,i f9d x z quick z any =eign tongue1 or quick]1 z x is wond]fully pliable & ready to express a po9t$ ?\ght 9 v few words4 ,= apt expression ( a good deal ( matt] 9 n _m words x w d z mu* 9 orig9al utt]ance z 9 any translation4 ,?is compact expression may sometimes seem h>d1 b only :]e ignorance is h>b\r$1 or :]e indol5ce is an idol1 :i* w n be p]suad$ to crack ! nut1 ?\gh x covet ! k]nel4 ,i ne$ give no example ( ^!1 z my own writ+ w s]ve z a g5]al patt]n4 ,no "o c judge s well ( ^! po9ts 9 our tongue z ^? :o f9d matt] fl[+ f _! p5 :i* refuses to be express$ 9 any o!r =m4 ,= our tongue has a special "* z well z e o!r1 & _c be surpass$ = grace & pi?4 ,9 reg>d to ! =ce ( words1 :i* 0 ! ?ird note ( alleg$ obscurity1 !re are to be consid]$ famili>ity = ! g5]al read]1 beauty = ! le>n$1 effectiv5ess to give pleasure1 & borr[+ to ext5d our res\rces & admit ( ready expression4 ,!re=e1 if any read] f9d fault ) a ^w :i* does n suit 8 e>1 let him m>k ! "o he kn[s1 & le>n to value ! o!r1 :i* is wor? 8 kn[+4 ,d we n le>n f words8 ,no m>vel if x is s1 = a ^w is a metaphor1 a le>n$ translation1 some?+ c>ri$ ov] f its orig9al s5se to s]ve 9 "s place :]e x is ev5 m prop]ly us$1 & :]e x may be mo/ significant1 if x is prop]ly und]/ood4 ,take pa9s to le>n f x2 y h !re a means ( ga9+ k4 ,x is n commonly us$ z ,i am us+ x1 b ,i tru/ ,i am n abus+ x1 & x may be fill+ a m /ately place ?an any y h ev] se5 x 94 ,!n m>k t ! place hon\rs ! p>son1 & ?9k well ( good words1 = ?\gh !y may be h&l$ by ord9>y1 or ev5 by f\l lips1 yet 9 a fair] m\?1 or "u a f9] p51 !y may come to hon\r4 ,x may be a /rang]1 & yet no ,turk1 & ?\gh x 7 ! ^w ( an enemy1 yet a good ?+ is wor? gett+1 ev5 f a foe1 z well by ! language ( writ]s z by ! spoil ( soldi]s4 ,& :5 ! =eign ^w has yield$ itself & be5 receiv$ into fav\r1 x is no long] =eign1 ?\gh ( =eign race1 ! prop]ty 9 x hav+ be5 alt]$4 ,b he :o w speak ( words ne$ n lack !m4 ,h[ev]1 9 ?is place !re is no fur!r ne$ ( words1 to say ei!r :i* are famili>1 or beautiful1 or effective1 or :i* are borr[$2 nor is !re ne$ to say t 9 reg>d to any ornam5t 9 words we give place to no o!r tongue4 ,z = my own words & ! t]ms t ,i use1 !y are g5]ally ,engli%1 & if any be an incorporat$ /rang]1 or translat$1 or fre%ly-co9$1 ,i h %ap$ x to fit ! place :]e ,i use x1 z f> z my skill w p]mit4 ,! example & precept ( ! be/ judges w>rant u 9 enfran*is+ =eign words1 or translat+ our own )\t too manife/ insol5ce or wanton affectation1 or else inv5t+ new ones :]e !y are cle>ly s]viceable1 ! context expla9+ !m suffici5tly till frequ5t usage has made !m well kn[n4 ,!re=e1 to say :at ,i mean 9 pla9 t]ms1 he :o is s\ndly le>n$ w /raightway recognise a s*ol>2 he :o is well acqua9t$ ) a /rong p51 :e!r 9 read+ au?ors or 9 actual use1 w soon ma/] a compact /yle2 he :o has skill 9 language1 :e!r old & s*ol>ly or newly receiv$ into fav\r1 w n wond] at words ^: orig9 he kn[s1 nor be surpris$ at a ?\ght t]sely express$1 9 a way famili> to him 9 o!r languages4 ,!re=e1 z ,i fe> n ! judgm5t ( ! skilful1 because c\rtesy goes ) k1 s ,i value _! fri5d%ip1 because _! support gives me cr$it4 ,z = ^? :o lack ! skill to judge rightly1 ?\gh !y may be %>p c5sors & ready to talk l\dly1 ,i mu/ crave _! p>don if ,i d n b[ to _! c5sure1 :i* ,i _c accept z a true judgm5t4 ,yet ,i am cont5t to be> ) su* fell[s1 & p>don !m _! errors 9 reg>d to myself1 z ,i tru/ t ^? :o c judge w 9 _! c\rtesy p>don me my own errors4 ,^? :o _c judge rightly = want ( k1 b w n betray _! weakness by judg+ wrongly1 if !y desire to le>n 9 any case ( d\bt1 h ! le>n$ to give !m c\nsel4 ,! pr(it is !irs1 if !y are will+ to take x1 b if n1 !y %all n det] me f writ+1 & ,i %all hope at l5g? by des]v+ well to w9 _! fav\r1 or at lea/ _! sil5ce4 ,9 conclusion z to ! mann] ( writ+ & use ( words 9 ,engli%1 ?is is my op9ion1 t he :o w ju/ify himself may f9d _m argum5ts1 "s closely relat$ to ! p>ticul> subject t may be 9 "q1 o!rs m g5]al b likely to be s]viceable1 & if 9 8 practice he ha? due reg>d to cle> & appropriate expression1 !n ev5 ?\gh "o or two ?+s %\ld seem /range to ^? :o judge1 ! writ] is free f blame4 ,z = inv5tion 9 matt] & eloqu5ce 9 /yle1 ! le>n$ "k well 9 :at writ]s !y are to be f\nd1 & ^? :o are n s*ol>s mu/ le>n to ?9k ( su* ?+s be=e !y presume to judge1 le/ by fail+ to measure ! writ]'s level1 !y %\ld h no j /&>d to apply4 ,z = ! matt] itself :i* is to be treat$ by any le>n$ me?od1 z ,i h already said1 famili>ity w make x easy1 ?\gh x seem h>d1 j z x w make ! mann] ( expression easy1 ?\gh x seem /range1 if ! ?+ really des]ves to be /udi$1 :i* w n appe> until "s progress is made4 ,& a little h>dness1 ev5 9 ! mo/ obscure philosophical discussions1 w nev] seem t$i\s to an enquir+ m9d1 su* z he mu/ h :o ei!r seeks to le>n himself1 or desires to see 8 native tongue enri*$ & made ! in/rum5t ( all 8 k1 z well z ( 8 ord9>y ne$s4 ,b ,i h be5 too t$i\s1 my good read]s1 yet p]haps n s1 s9ce no ha/e is enjo9$1 & y may read at leisure4 ,i h n[ to reque/ y1 z ,i m5tion$ at fir/1 to grant me y\r fri5dly con/ruction1 & ! fav\r due to a fell[-c\ntryman4 ,! rev]5ce t[>ds le>n+ :i* leads ! good /ud5t to embrace h] 9 8 y\?1 & advances him to hon\r by h] pref]5ce 9 lat] ye>s1 w plead = me ) ! le>n$ 9 g5]al1 9 my endeav\r to ass]t ! rights ( h] by ^: au?ority alone !y are !mselves ( any acc\nt4 ,among my fell[-tea*]s ,i may hope t community ( int]e/ w help me m ) ! c\rte\s & le>n$ ?an a fooli% feel+ ( rivalry w h>m me ) ignorant & spiteful detractors4 ,reg>d = my own pr(ession1 & ?is hope ( support f le>n$ tea*]s1 move me to lay /ress ^u "o special po9t1 :i* 9 duty mu/ affect !m no less ?an me1 namely1 ! ne$ = c>eful ?\ght 9 improv+ our s*ools4 ,i say no?+ "h ( ! consci5ti\s & religi\s motives t influ5ce u1 nor ( ! ne$ = p]sonal ma9t5ance t dem&s our lab\r4 ,b ,i w\ld ackn[l$ge ! special munific5ce ( our pr9ces & p>liam5ts t[>ds our :ole ord] 9 our c\ntry's behalf1 p>tly 9 suff]+ u to enjoy old immunities1 p>tly 9 grant+ u div]s o!r exemptions f p]sonal s]vices & ord9>y paym5ts to :i* our fell[-subjects are liable4 ,^! fav\rs des]ve at our h&s an hon\rable remembrance1 & b9d u fur!r to dis*>ge ! tru/ committ$ to u4 ,i d\bt n t ?is feel+ :i* moves me /rongly1 moves also _m ( my pr(ession1 ^: fri5d%ip ,i crave = fav\rable con/ruction1 & ^: conf]5ce ,i desire = help 9 exp]i5ce1 z ,i %all be glad 9 ! common cause ei!r to p]suade or be p]suad$4 ,( ^? t are n le>n$ ,i beg fri5d%ip also1 & *iefly z a matt] ( "r1 because ,i lab\r = !m1 & my goodwill des]ves no un?ankfulness4 ,god bless u all to ! advancem5t ( ,8 glory1 ! hon\r ( our c\ntry1 ! fur!rance ( good le>n+1 & ! well-be+ ( all ranks1 pr9ce & p alike6 ,,critical ,,e/imate4 ,,critical ,,e/imate4 ,if ! say+ ( ,plato may be appli$ to ano!r sph]e1 n v f> remov$ f civil gov]nm5t1 we may believe t education w nev] be rightly practis$ until ei!r tea*]s become philosoph]s1 or philosoph]s become tea*]s4 ,x is c]ta9ly rem>kable h[ seldom 9 ! hi/ory ( educational progress !re has aris5 any writ] ^: au?ority 0 bas$ alike on ! p[] ( ! ab/ract ?9k] to rise above ! conditions ( ! imm$iate pres5t into ! atmosph]e ( pure reason1 & on ! in/9ct ( ! pr(essional work]1 ^: conceptions ( :at is possible h be5 *a/5$ by direct exp]i5ce ( ! actual4 ,( ! five classical ,engli% writ]s :o h made any notewor?y contribution to educational ?\ght1 all b "o h fail$ to ga9 a la/+ influ5ce1 ?r\gh ! limitation 9 _! outlook caus$ by defici5t practical k4 ,as*am's exp]i5ce 0 too exclusively academic & c\rtly to sugge/ mu* to him beyond que/ions ( me?od 9 ! advanc$ tea*+ ( ,lat9 & ,greek4 ,milton's vision1 re/rict$ by 8 %ort & p>tial attempt at in/ruct+ a few select$ boys1 n>r[$ itself to "o s*ool p]iod ( "o rank ( society ( "o sex1 & 8 g5ius c\ld n save him f wild extravagance 9 8 ideas ( ! acquirem5ts possible = ! av]age s*ol>4 ,! sugge/ions ( ,locke1 :ile 9 "o aspect !y 7 m compreh5sive1 are yet ess5tially ^? ( a !ori/1 :o _h nev] fac$ ! difficulty t ! upbr++ ( a *ild by a private tutor is possible only to ! m]e/ fraction ( any population4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 z ! heir ( previ\s c5turies1 has naturally be5 able to comm& a wid] view1 b ev5 ^? :o h ga9$ mo/ f 8 book1 mu/ h felt t ow+ to 8 highly g5]alis$ mode ( treatm5t he has at _m po9ts fail$ to grapple ) ! problems t *iefly beset ! pr(essional tea*]4 ,a little exp]i5ce1 l a little k1 is a dang]\s ?+1 & x may be t ^? writ]s1 all ( :om claim to h made trial ( ! actual "w ( education1 w\ld h be5 m conv9c+ if !y _h writt5 f an av[$ly deta*$ /&po9t4 ,ri*>d ,mulca/] alone holds ! vantage-gr\nd ( be+ at once a ?9k] & a practical exp]t 9 matt]s ( education4 ,nor does ?is mean only t 8 "r to speak ) au?ority w = t reason be m readily admitt$2 ! evid5ce ( 8 full] equipm5t = ! task may be se5 ?r\gh ! :ole texture ( 8 writ+s4 ,he _h n ,as*am's ease 9 expression & *>m ( mann]1 nor ,milton's comm&+ intellect & p[] ( utt]ance1 nor ! fe>lessness & philosophic grasp ( ,locke1 nor ! encyclopdic k & acum5 ( ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 b he _h beyond !m all two ess5tial gifts t w 9 ! end give him a unique place 9 ! hi/ory ( our educational developm5t--a cle> insight into ! realities ( human nature1 & an enlight5$ p]ception ( ! conditions t det]m9e ! culture ( m9d & s\l4 ,to ^? :o "k little or no?+ ( ,mulca/] su* a claim w seem extravagant1 & x w naturally be d\bt$ :e!r any writ] :o des]ves to be put ^u s high a p$e/al1 c\ld possibly h rema9$ s long 9 neglect4 ,x may be rejo9$ t 9 a subject l education _m factors h a "p 9 ! mak+ ( reputations4 ,x is no m]e co9cid5ce t ! au?ors nam$ above1 ^: views on education are s mu* m widely-kn[n ?an ^? ( ,mulca/]1 all ga9$ _! *ief fame 9 "s o!r sph]e ( ?\ght2 we read :at !y h to say on ?is subject because x comes f writ]s :o h caught ! _w's e> 9 "s field ( m g5]al int]e/4 ,?is advantage is naturally to be associat$ ) gifts ( expression su* z ,mulca/] un=tunately possess$ only 9 a v limit$ degree1 ?\gh 8 defici5cy is due mu* m to ! rudim5t>y condition ( ,engli% prose 9 g5]al 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 ?an to any lack ( cle> ?9k+ on 8 own "p4 ,x is true1 inde$1 t no f9e s5se ( h>mony 9 s\nd c be cr$it$ to a writ] :o p]petrates su* a s5t5ce z--8,i say no m1 :]e x is too mu* to say ev5 s mu* 9 a sore ( too mu*40 ,b ev5 if ,mulca/] _h spok5 ) ! tongue ( an angel1 he w\ld probably h rema9$ a voice cry+ 9 ! wild]ness1 = ! "t 0 n yet come4 ,! ultimate value ( ,r\sseau's message to ! _w 9 ! realm ( education 0 f> less1 b 8 unique p[]s ( p]suasive eloqu5ce1 ! fame he _h a*iev$ 9 o!r ways1 & ! rip5ess ( ! "t1 comb9$ to give ! lat] writ] an extraord9>y influ5ce4 ,:5 ,mulca/]'s judgm5ts & sugge/ions are /udi$ f ! vantage-gr\nd ( ! pres5t1 & 9 a =m t dive/s !m ( adv5titi\s difficulties ( und]/&+1 !y w be recognis$ z giv+ him a place ( high importance1 n only 9 ! *a9 ( hi/orical succession1 b 9 ! f9al hi]>*y ( educational re=m]s4 ,x is necess>y to take into acc\nt ! /ate ( op9ion on matt]s ( le>n+ & on ! g5]al conduct ( life1 9 ! ,engl& ( ,que5 ,elizabe?'s day1 be=e we c appreciate ! significance ( our au?or's ?\ght4 ,we mu/ place ourselves 9 ! atmosph]e ( ! ,r5asc5ce & ! ,re=mation1 = al?\gh ^! great movem5ts1 :i* repres5t$ ! intellectual & moral aspects 9 ! awak5+ ( mod]n ,europe1 _h be5 "s "t 9 progress1 & _h ev5 giv5 place to reaction 9 ! c\ntries ( _! bir?1 _! full influ5ce did n rea* our %ores till t[>ds ! close ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! phase ( ,engli% national life repres5t$ by ,mulca/] is t imm$iately prec$+ ! great expansion ( consci\s m5tal activity to :i* voice 0 s memorably giv5 by ,sp5s]1 ,%akespe>e1 ,bacon1 & _! contempor>ies4 ,! pre/ige ( ,elizabe?1 dep5d+ z x did s l>gely on ! secure e/abli%m5t ( ! ,prote/ant fai?1 _h n yet rea*$ ! height x atta9$ ?r\gh ! f9al repulse ( ,spani% aggression1 b yet ! p[] ( ! cr[n reta9$ mu* ( ! absolute sway ov] individual fre$om t _h be5 built up & impress$ on ! popul> imag9ation by ! e>li] ,tudors4 ,x 0 n a "t ei!r ( revolt or ( reaction4 ,! m gall+ =ms ( political & intellectual despotism _h already disappe>$ 9 ! g5]al ov]?r[ ( ! m$ieval rgime1 & x 0 a m press+ "q h[ to ma9ta9 exi/+ *>t]s ( lib]ty ?an h[ to ext5d !m4 ,?is cons]vative temp] is to be disc]n$ 9 all ! purely ,engli% writ]s ( ! p]iod1 ?\gh 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ,brita9 ,knox & 8 companions 7 tr\bl+ ! wat]s ( controv]sy 9 a m /r5u\s fa%ion4 ,ap>t f ! influ5ce ( an atmosph]e ( g5]al con=mity to e/abli%$ au?ority & prevail+ s5tim5t1 ,mulca/] 0 con/itutionally cauti\s4 ,he 0 no zealot1 defiant ( opposition1 & c>eless ( ! e/eem 9 :i* he might be held4 ,8 respect = tradition1 &1 x mu/ be add$1 8 sympa!tic in/9cts1 dispos$ him always to seek gr\nds ( agreem5t r ?an ( diff]5ce1 to support 8 sugge/ions by ! weight ( au?ority & prec$5t1 to c>ry 8 read]s ) him by w9n+ _! cons5t unaw>es r ?an by />tl+ !m into reluctant acquiesc5ce ?r\gh ! use ( p>adox & exagg]ation4 ,yet !re 0 no timidity or half-he>t$ness 9 8 temp]am5t4 ,he 0 pr(\ndly conv9c$ ( ! ju/ice ( 8 criticisms & ! value ( 8 proposals1 & he 0 n backw>d 9 urg+ 8 views1 9 season at lea/ if n out ( season1 on all :o %>$ ! responsibility ( reject+ !m or giv+ !m effect4 ,he has be5 accus$1 inde$1 ( ov]we5+ self-conceit1 & x is to be fe>$ t ?is is ! only p]si/5t impression ( ! man t rema9s ) a numb] ( ^? :o "k little ( him beyond 8 "n4 ,he has be5 cit$ z a classical example ( ! folly into :i* a misplac$ vanity c lead "o :o ent]s ) a light he>t into ! region ( prophecy1 t 8mo/ gratuit\s =m ( error10 on ! gr\nd t he believ$ ! highe/ possible p]fection ( ,engli% prose to be repres5t$ by ! /yle ( 8 own writ+s4 ,?is conception1 h[ev]1 is due to a misund]/&+ :i* x w be wor? :ile to remove4 ,! rem>k t is quot$ aga9/ him occurs 9 ! ,p]oration ( ! ,elem5t>y1 8,i ne$ no example 9 any ( ^!1 :]e( m9e own p5n+ is a g5]al patt]n40 ,tak5 ap>t f ! context1 z x usually is1 su* a s5t5ce s\nds fatu\s en\gh1 be+ naturally und]/ood to mean t ,mulca/] ?\ght he _h no?+ to le>n f any o!r writ]s1 & _h himself devis$ a p]fect model ( ,engli% composition4 ,b anyone :o w take ! tr\ble to read ! :ole passage 7p4 #bja7 w see at once t ! /atem5t really means1 8,i ne$ give no example ( any ( ^! idiosyncrasies ( our language1 especially compactness ( expression1 z !y are suffici5tly illu/rat$ 9 my own writ+40 ,?is is a v diff]5t matt]1 & ?\gh ,mulca/] _h little s5se ( /yle1 & 0 curi\sly mi/ak5 9 8 idea t ,engli% prose _h no great] heights to rea* ?an ! /&>d ( 8 own "t1 ! error 0 due to defects ( lit]>y ta/e & judgm5t1 n ( "* or temp]4 ,:5 8 writ+s are tak5 z a :ole1 !y (f] ample evid5ce t he 0 s+ul>ly mode/ 9 8 pret5sions1 los+ all self-consci\sness 9 8 en?usiasm = ! causes he _h at he>t4 ,?is attitude may acc\nt = ! disposition 9 "s qu>t]s to d5y ,mulca/] any special orig9ality 9 reg>d to 8 lead+ pr9ciples4 ,b 9 a subject l education1 :i* conc]ns s _m dep>tm5ts ( life & "*1 :at is ! precise mean+ ( orig9ality8 ,z ! ess5tial traits ( human nature h rema9$ unalt]$ 9 ! la/ two or ?ree ?\s& ye>s1 except = a sl[ developm5t along l9es 9 cont9uity ) ! pa/1 x is va9 to expect t ! broad] tru?s :i* und]lie ! arts ( social improvem5t w be subject to any radical *ange4 ,9 su* matt]s we mu/ build on ! wisdom ( ! anci5ts1 & ! only possible orig9ality consi/s 9 disc]n+ ! new applications t are suit$ to ! pres5t "t & place4 ,x is safe to say t !re is h>dly a s+le educational doctr9e t has ev] won acceptance1 ! g]ms ( :i* are n to be f\nd 9 ! writ+s ( ,plato & ,ari/otle4 ,yet e age & e c\ntry mu/ "w out its own salvation by *oos+1 comb9+1 & apply+ to its ne$s ! g5]al pr9ciples t h be5 laid d[n by ^? t came be=e4 ,su* eclecticism1 if x _c /rictly be call$ orig9ality1 is at lea/ ! highe/ wisdom1 & he :o fir/ proclaims ! doctr9e z true = 8 own "t & place des]ves ! cr$it ( ! pione]4 ,! discov]ies ( ! ,greek philosoph]s 9 social politics1 if discov]ies !y c\ld be call$1 _h to be made ov] aga9 = ! mod]n _w1 & x may ev5 be said t !y _h to be made indep5d5tly = ea* sep>ate c\ntry4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury !re 0 less uni=mity 9 political & social conditions1 & less mutual influ5ce among ! diff]5t ,/ates ( ,europe ?an !re is n[4 ,al?\gh ! ,engli% nation "u ,elizabe? c\ld n rema9 :olly unaffect$ by ! m dra/ic *anges ( op9ion & s5tim5t t m>k$ ! c\rse ( ! re=m+ _s 9 ,g]many & 9 ,scotl&1 x c]ta9ly dem&$ a r>e sagacity & indep5d5ce ( m9d1 if n absolute orig9ality1 to disc]n h[ f> ! new outlook c\ld be %>$ by ^? ^: exp]i5ce _h be5 less revolution>y4 ,to und]/& ! value ( ,mulca/]'s "w x is ( less mom5t to ask :at may h be5 8 indebt$ness to ,plato or ,qu9tilian1 or ev5 to ,lu!r & ,knox1 ?an to consid] :e!r he _h be5 directly anticipat$ by any ( 8 own c\ntrym51 & :e!r he himself anticipat$1 if he did n influ5ce1 lat] ,engli% writ]s on education4 ,a "r e/imate ( ,mulca/]'s temp]am5t1 & ( 8 relation to ! surr\nd+ conditions ( ?\ght & feel+1 is due n only z a matt] ( p]sonal ju/ice1 b z af=d+ a key to a prop] e/imate ( 8 writ+s4 ,= ^! h a significance beyond t ( mo/ works ( ! k9d1 9 =m+ a some:at unique record ( hi/orical facts = a bygone p]iod4 ,! attempt to trace ! l9es ( progress by comp>+ "o phase ( culture ) ano!r1 has hi!rto _h imp]fect success 9 ! sph]e ( education1 =1 l ! arts ( music & act+1 x works 9 a p]i%able m$ium1 & makes a direct impression only on a s+le g5]ation4 ,ev5 indirect te/imony has until rec5tly be5 almo/ entirely want+4 ,to h>dly any writ] ( e>li] times has x occurr$ to make any report ( ! actual conduct ( tea*+ z x exi/$ ar\nd him1 = ! b5efit ( future ages4 ,^? :o 7 int]e/$ 9 ! subject h be5 m conc]n$ to (f] speculative sugge/ions ( re=m t h app>5tly little organic relation to ! conditions ( _! own community4 ,x is n s mu* to ! =mal treatises ( ,plato & ,ari/otle t we mu/ look = su* k z we c obta9 ( ,a!nian education 9 ! f\r? c5tury be=e ,*ri/1 z to ! incid5tal ref]5ces ( writ]s :o _h no ?\ght ( convey+ any def9ite or detail$ in=mation on ! matt]4 ,we f9d ! same de>? ( evid5ce :5 we try to asc]ta9 ! actual work+ ( educational me?ods & organisation 9 ! mo/ advanc$ c\ntries ( ,europe dur+ ! two or ?ree c5turies t succe$$ ! ,r5asc5ce4 ,! contempor>y writ]s on ! subject are = ! mo/ "p ideali/s2 & :ile we gladly ackn[l$ge _! s]vices 9 t capacity1 we mu/ regret t to ! vision>y outlook ( ! re=m] !y did n add ! c>eful obs]vation ( ! hi/orian4 ,if ,mulca/] is a notewor?y exception to ?is rule1 x is n because ( set purpose he und]took ! task ( record & criticism4 ,x 0 no "p ( 8 plan to (f] any n>rative or /ati/ical report2 inde$ he expressly refra9s f comm5t+ on ! curr5t practice ( tea*+1 & alludes to x only incid5tally4 ,8 int5tion1 z ) ! great majority ( educational writ]s1 0 to sugge/ improvem5ts1 to propose an ideal2 b 8 responsible position z a headma/] gave him an ev]-pres5t s5se ( :at 0 practicable1 & enabl$ him to base 8 ef=ts on ! firm gr\nd ( accompli%$ fact4 ,8 proposals are s evid5tly relat$ to ! exi/+ /ate ( affairs t !y may almo/ be tak5 z af=d+ an hi/orical record ( contempor>y practice4 ,! common-s5se criticisms ( a %rewd obs]v] l ,montaigne1 & ! dreams ( an ideali/ su* z ,rabelais1 h _! own value2 b we %all li/5 ev5 m readily to ! words ( "o :o speaks out ( ! fulness ( imm$iate k1 yet ) equal p[] to r\se our aspiration & en]gy4 ,be=e consid]+ ,mulca/]'s contributions to ! !ory & art ( education /rictly s-call$1 x w be well to glance at 8 influ5ce 9 ! m g5]al aspects ( le>n+ & lit]ature4 ,he mu/ be cr$it$ ) an important %>e 9 ! movem5t t[>ds ! de?ronem5t ( ,lat9 9 fav\r ( ! v]nacul> tongues1 z ! m$ium ( communication 9 subjects hi!rto held to belong exclusively to ! doma9 ( ! le>n$ class4 ,! initiative 9 ?is matt] goes back1 ( c\rse1 to ! "t ( ,dante1 b ev5 ) ! examples ( ,italy1 ,france1 & ,spa9 to sugge/ ! *ange1 x 0 a di/9ct & difficult task to "w x out = our own language4 ,mulca/] 0 n ! fir/ ,engli%man to write a book 9 8 native tongue :i* ev]yone w\ld h expect$ to be writt5 9 ,lat94 ,sir ,?omas ,m1 9 "s ( 8 hi/orical & controv]sial works1 ,rog] ,as*am1 & a few o!r writ]s ( less] note1 _h anticipat$ him 9 practice1 & _h be5 m successful 9 atta9+ a lucid & graceful /yle1 b x may fairly be claim$ t ,mulca/] 0 ! fir/ to give a reason$ ju/ification ( ! c\rse he foll[$ & recomm5d$1 & to fur!r ! end 9 view by tak+ def9ite /eps to elaborate ! means4 ,nor is x only = 8 s]vice 9 help+ to e/abli% a canon ( lit]>y ,engli%1 & %[ ! way to o!rs by us+ x himself to ! be/ ( 8 ability1 t ackn[l$gm5t is due4 ,x 0 a /ill m conspicu\s m]it to see cle>ly1 & to en=ce by ^! means1 ! tru? t ! increase ( le>n+1 & ! me?ods by :i* x may be fur!r$1 are subjects ( int]e/ n to any limit$ class alone1 b to e memb] ( ! community4 ,!re may be comp>atively little pres5t value 9 8 judgm5ts z to ! prop] cont5t ( ! ,engli% vocabul>y1 & ! =ms ( spell+ :i* he ?\ght %\ld be made au?oritative1 b at lea/ x is notewor?y t1 at a "t :5 l+ui/ic sci5ce 0 at a rudim5t>y /age1 he _h rea*$ a s+ul>ly j conception ( ! ess5tial nature ( a language1 & ! conditions ( its gr[? & decay4 ,! int]e/+ allegory :]e he traces ! process by :i* spee* came to be repres5t$ by writt5 symbols1 proves him to h grasp$ ! idea1 only 9 lat] times fully und]/ood1 t language1 z a product ( human activity1 %>es 9 all ! features *>act]i/ic ( organic developm5t4 ,x is n only ! m =mal aspects ( language1 moreov]1 t he treats ) discrim9ation4 ,on ! /ill subtl] "q ( its relation to ?\ght & k he speaks ) a disc]nm5t f> beyond 8 "t4 ,! usurp+ tyranny ( words ov] ! m9ds ( m51 9 place ( ! lawful dom9ation ( ! realities !y symbolis$1 _h 9 ! movem5t ( ! ,r5asc5ce *ang$ its =m )\t relax+ its sev]ity4 ,if !y 7 no long] s frequ5tly us$ z m]e c\nt]s 9 va9 disputations1 !y 7 yet apt to be reg>d$ ) unreason+ idolatry1 z ! sacr$ embodim5t ( ! ?\ghts & feel+s ( settl$ =ms ( civilisation 9 ! pa/1 exempt f any enquiry z to ! conceptions !y express$4 ,mulca/] does n %>e ?is illusion4 ,9 8 view language is prim>ily a means ( communication1 & ?\gh ! acquirem5t ( =eign tongues may be a necessity = ! "t1 yet !y 8pu% u "o degree fur!r (f f k40 ,he may n h fully realis$ ! degree 9 :i* language is to be reckon$ ) z a =m ( arti/ic expression & z an in/rum5t ( ?\ght1 ?\gh 8 appreciation ( ! possibilities ( ! ,engli% tongue %[s t he did n =get ^! invaluable uses2 b 9 any case he saw cle>ly1 & he 0 "o ( ! fir/ to see1 t ! cry+ ne$ ( 8 "t 0 to be set free f ! despotism ( words1 :i* made !m r a h9drance ?an a help to real k4 8,we attribute too mu* to tongues1 9 pay+ m he$ to !m ?an we d to matt]40 ,! be>+ ( ?is op9ion on educational !ory w be consid]$ pres5tly1 b x des]ves to be not$ at ! outset 9 evid5ce ( ! advanc$ philosophical /&po9t ( a writ] :o belong$ to ! g5]ation prec$+ ,francis ,bacon4 ,mulca/]'s indep5d5ce ( conv5tional practice is fur!r set beyond d\bt by 8 conception ( ! place ( au?ority 9 argum5t4 ,anticipat+ ,locke 9 deprecat+ ! con/ant use ( great names 9 support ( a writ]'s !sis1 he is ( c\rse lay+ d[n a pr9ciple n[ s univ]sally accept$ t x seems unnecess>y to ref] to x1 b ^? :o are acqua9t$ ) ! ,r5asc5ce writ]s ( any c\ntry "k h[ widely a slavi% reg>d = ! op9ions ( ! classical au?ors took ! place ( a direct appeal to ! rational judgm5t ( ! read]4 ,x 0 no ne$less s]vice to assign limits to ?is controv]sial habit1 to discrim9ate betwe5 sup]/iti\s s]vility & ju/ifiable def]5ce to previ\s ?9k]s1 to call = a fe>less /atem5t ( ! tru? z x appe>$ to ea* new enquir+ _s1 & claim t x %\ld be te/$ :olly by its con=mity to reason & nature & exp]i5ce4 ,especially valuable = 8 "t 0 8 insi/5ce on ! diff]5ce ( circum/ance betwe5 ! anci5t & ! mod]n worlds1 & betwe5 ! *>act]s ( ! v>i\s nations4 ,he may seem to u to c>ry ^! di/9ctions to an excess :5 9 consid]+ ideal types ( human nature he takes acc\nt ( ! =m ( gov]nm5t "u :i* ea* individual has to live1 hold+ c]ta9 qualities appropriate to a mon>*y & o!rs to a republic1 b at lea/ he laid a useful emphasis on ! relativity ( progress1 & on ! ne$ = h>mony 9 ! compon5t in/itutions ( a p>ticul> =m ( society4 ,ano!r pro( ( ,mulca/]'s g5]al enlight5m5t may be f\nd 9 ! fact t he 0 ! fir/ ( 8 c\ntrym5 to affirm s]i\sly t education 0 ! bir?right ( e *ild born into ! community4 ,x is n int5d$ to sugge/ by ?is t he anticipat$ ! full assumption by ! ,/ate ( ! duty ( provid+ & en=c+ univ]sal education1 b r t he desir$ to fo/] a public s5tim5t & social conditions :i* w\ld be fav\rable to ! idea t ! rudim5ts ( le>n+ %\ld by "o means or ano!r be di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole body ( ! nation4 ,ef=ts 9 ?is direction _h be5 made 9 o!r c\ntries "u ! levell+ influ5ce ( ! re=m+ _s 9 religion1 b 9 ,engl&1 :]e ! *ange ( fai? _h be5 less associat$ ) a democratic impulse1 no?+ _h z yet be5 done to popul>ise education 9 ! prop] s5se ( ! t]m1 & public op9ion _h /ill to be prep>$ = ! movem5t4 ,x is true t ! %>p di/9ctions ( rank :i* ! sixte5? c5tury inh]it$ f ! ,middle ,ages 7 nev] s absolutely m>k$ 9 ! sph]e ( le>n+ z 9 o!r dep>tm5ts ( life4 ,?\gh ! *ild ( l[ly bir? c\ld nev] become a g5tleman1 he c\ld become a s*ol>4 ,! help+ h& ext5d$ by ! ,*ur* to ! promis+ boy ( l[ degree did n1 h[ev]1 imply any relaxation ( ca/e feel+ s f> z ! g5]al supply ( educational facilities 0 conc]n$4 ,! humble s*ol> 0 rais$ out ( 8 own class1 & 0 always reg>d$ z an exception4 ,tak5 9 ! mass1 ! g5try & ! commonalty 7 cle>ly sep>at$1 & no k9d ( tra9+ 0 ?\ght 9 any way due to ! latt] except su* z might make !m directly s]viceable to _! bett]s4 ,= ! fir/ notable attack on ?is fundam5tal article ( m$ieval fai?1 ap>t f ! indirect & int]e/$ claims ( ! ,re=mation lead]s to ! means ( influ5c+ ! "y1 cr$it is g5]ally giv5 to ,com5ius4 ,b x mu/ be rememb]$ t half a c5tury be=e 8 "t1 & 9 a c\ntry :]e ! rgime ( social /atus has always held a firm position1 a /rong prote/ aga9/ educational exclusiv5ess 0 rais$ by ,ri*>d ,mulca/]1 :o ma9ta9$ t ! elem5ts ( k & tra9+ %\ld be recognis$ z ! privilege ( all1 irrespective ( rank or sex1 & )\t reg>d to _! future economic functions4 8,z = ! education ( g5tlem510 he writes1 8at :at age %all ,i sugge/ t !y %\ld beg9 to le>n8 ,_! m9ds are ! same z ^? ( ! common p1 & _! bodies are (t5 worse4 ,! same consid]ations 9 reg>d to "t mu/ apply to all ranks4 ,:at %\ld !y le>n8 ,i "k ( no?+ else1 nor c ,i sugge/ any?+ bett]1 ?an :at ,i h already sugge/$ = all40 ,& 8 unwill+ness to recognise any k9d ( disability 9 matt]s ( education1 except :at 0 prov$ by ! te/ ( exp]i5ce to be natural1 is fur!r %[n 9 8 insi/5ce t1 z f> z may be possible1 girls %\ld h ! same advantages z boys4 ,?\gh1 z he says1 9 def]5ce to ! g5]al feel+ ( 8 "t & c\ntry he w n g s f> z to propose t girls %\ld be admitt$ to ! gramm> s*ools & univ]sities1 he n only wi%es !m to %>e 9 all ! opportunities ( elem5t>y education1 b he :olly approves ( ! ideal ( high] culture = wom51 :i* 0 repres5t$ 9 ! atta9m5ts ( ,que5 ,elizabe? h]self4 ,we may n[ turn to matt]s t are less ! conc]n ( ! philosophic ?9k] & social obs]v] ?an ( ! exp]t 9 educational practice4 ,let u fir/ exam9e ,mulca/]'s conception ( ! cont5t ( a lib]al education1 f ! two po9ts ( view1 z to h[ f> x %\ld embrace a culture ( ! :ole nature1 & z to ! prop] range ( di/9ctively m5tal /udies4 ,x is a matt] ( hi/ory t 9 bo? ^! respects ! ,r5asc5ce ideal _h fall5 away f ! example ( ! ,greeks4 ,intellectual culture _h to a l>ge ext5t be5 dissociat$ f physical & moral tra9+4 ,! life ( ! s*ol> 0 a ?+ ap>t f ! conception ( *ivalry1 :i* enc\rag$ ! physical pr[ess & reg>d to a code ( hon\r t 7 develop$ by ! milit>y class4 ,! =mal pr(ession ( a religi\s end 9 le>n+ took ! place ( a g5u9e cultivation ( "*1 & :ile ?is re/rict$ pa? 0 op5 to ! m gift$ ( ! poor] classes1 ! alt]native ideal 0 res]v$ = ! upp] social ranks4 ,x is true t 9 our own c\ntry 9 ! ,elizabe?an era !re 0 "s reconciliation ( ^! div]se aims 9 ! p]sons ( su* m5 z ,walt] ,raleigh & ,philip ,sidney1 b ! type !y repres5t$ 0 q exceptional1 & _h no app>5t influ5ce on g5]al educational me?ods4 ,!re 0 great ne$ = ,mulca/]'s plea t 9 ! upbr++ ( *ildr5 we %\ld return to ! ideal express$ 9 ,juv5al's famili> phrase1 8m5s sana 9 corpore sano40 ,no /ress ne$ be laid on ! p>ticul> =ms ( physical ex]cise :i* he recomm5d$4 ,8 sugge/ions "h 7 n orig9al1 & ! pres5t "t has little to le>n f ! physiological conceptions ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,b :at 0 really in/ructive 9 8 own day1 & is sc>cely less s 9 ours1 is ! intimate relation he conceiv$ to exi/ betwe5 ! body & ! m9d--a relation t dem&$ a h>moni\s tra9+ ( ! :ole nature4 8,! s\l & ! body be+ co-p>tn]s 9 good w1 9 sweet & s\r1 9 mir? & m\rn+1 & hav+ g5]ally a common sympa?y & mutual feel+1 h[ c !y be1 or r :y %\ld !y be1 sev]$ 9 education8444 ,z ! disposition ( ! s\l w resemble t ( ! body1 if ! s\l be influ5c$ = good1 x w affect ! body also40 ,8 use ( ! t]m s\l1 moreov]1 is significant ( ! conviction :i* und]lies all 8 writ+1 t ! end ( all physical intellectual tra9+ is ! developm5t ( ! feel+s t prompt to "r conduct4 ,he 0 n c>ri$ away by ! curr5t craze = book-le>n+ into accept+ z a legitimate end ( education ! pursuit ( k = its own sake2 9 8 view ! tea*] mu/ always h reg>d to ! unfold+ ( ! :ole "* t w\ld be> fruit 9 ! dis*>ge ( ! duties ( citiz5%ip & o!r activities ( a complete life4 ,n t he wi%$ ! s*ool to assume any prepond]at+ control ov] ! *ild1 ei!r 9 ! direction ( op9ion or 9 moral asc5d5cy4 ,he _h too cle> an insight into ! spr+s ( conduct to ignore ! pot5cy ( ! e>lie/ influ5ces ( ! home1 & s f> f seek+ to usurp ! au?ority ( p>5ts 9 det]m9+ _! *ildr5's lives1 he urges ! close/ co-op]ation & good feel+ among all :o h ! pupil's welf>e at he>t4 ,"s fur!r insight w be ga9$ into 8 compreh5sive ideal ( upbr++ :5 we come to consid] 8 appreciation ( home influ5ce m closely1 b x may fir/ be ask$ :at 8 conception 0 ( ! m5tal cultivation t %\ld be aim$ at 9 a lib]al curriculum4 ,9 reg>d to ! second>y or gramm> s*ool p]iod ( education1 ) :i* he 0 mo/ intimately acqua9t$1 ?\gh he has _m acute criticisms & lum9\s sugge/ions to (f]1 8 express$ int5tion ( supply+ a sy/ematic treatm5t 0 un=tunately left unfulfill$2 & ( 8 ideas z to univ]sity tea*+ we h little m ?an a sket* ( propos$ re=ms4 ,on ^! po9ts some?+ may pres5tly be said1 b we may turn fir/ to 8 contributions t[>ds ! e/abli%m5t ( a s\nd elem5t>y sy/em1 :i* he held to be ! mo/ important /age ( all1 because x 0 ! only =m ( education t c\ld be br\ght )9 ! rea* ( e *ild1 & 0 ! f\ndation ( all fur!r progress 9 le>n+4 ,ev5 ?is "p ( ! task t he impos$ on himself rema9s incomplete1 b !re is mat]ial en\gh = a judgm5t ( 8 po9t ( view4 ,x w\ld seem t 9 ,engl&1 up to ! ,elizabe?an era at lea/1 no provision _h ev] be5 made = rudim5t>y in/ruction = any except ^? :o 7 de/9$ to proce$ to ! high] /ages ( le>n+1 & t ! elem5t>y tra9+ giv5 to ^! select few 0 limit$ to ! b>e/ prep>ation = ! traditional /udy ( ! classics4 ,! read+ & writ+ ( ! v]nacul> mu/ h be5 acquir$ up to a c]ta9 po9t be=e ! ,lat9 gramm> c\ld be attack$1 b x is cle> t no adequate ju/ice 0 done ev5 to ^! prelim9>y subjects1 & t no attempt 0 made to include a delib]ate tra9+ ( ! s5ses & activities ( ! *ild4 ,mulca/]'s proposals z to an elem5t>y c\rse c]ta9ly d n s\nd revolution>y4 ,8 subjects co9cide pretty ne>ly ) our famili> 8?ree ,r's10 & he is himself c>eful to %[ t he is m]ely 8reviv+0 :at is comm5d$ by ! precepts ( ! wise m5 ( old1 & by ! practice ( ! greate/ ,/ates4 ,b x 0 no small m]it to be ! fir/ to p]ceive t su* a revival 0 possible & desirable 9 8 own "t & c\ntry1 & :5 8 proposals are exam9$ x w be f\nd t 9 ! _s 9 :i* he conceiv$ !m !y 7 f> 9 advance alike ( contempor>y1 & ( mu* lat]1 ?\ght & practice4 ,x is a well-kn[n criticism ( 8 contempor>y1 ,montaigne1 t tea*]s 7 apt to ?9k too mu* ( ! matt] t 0 to be taught1 & too little ( ! nature ( ! le>n]4 ,t ?is rem>k 0 j 9 relation to ^! times we c well believe :5 we consid] h[ rec5tly ! traditional be>+ ( ! s*oolma/] has be5 associat$ r ) ! h>% en=cem5t ( uncong5ial tasks "u ! ?reat ( p5alties ?an ) ! sympa!tic enc\ragem5t ( will+ & int]e/$ lab\rs4 ,as*am _h prote/$ aga9/ ! %ort-sight$ sev]ity ( tea*]s1 b fail$ to see t its root lay 9 ! fact t ! /udies pres5t$ 7 g5]ally ill-adapt$ to ! capacities & incl9ations ( ! s*ol>s4 ,mulca/]1 on ! o!r h&1 recognis$ t ! rem$y mu/ be s\ght 9 ! discov]y ( a m reasonable me?od1 t[>ds :i* he _h def9ite con/ructive proposals to (f]4 ,he may ev5 be said to h anticipat$ by a c\ple ( c5turies ! doctr9e ( ,r\sseau1 aft]w>ds utilis$ by ,pe/alozzi & ,froebel1 t ! p>am\nt aim ( ! tea*] is n to communicate k1 b to /imulate & guide ! natural activity ( ! *ild4 ,x is to be not$ t e "o ( ! five subjects he propos$ to tea* 9 ! elem5t>y s*ool is ( ! nature ( an art1 call+ = indep5d5t action on ! "p ( ! le>n]1 & giv+ pleasurable ex]cise to ! s5ses & bodily organs z well z to ! intellig5ce4 ,x 0 m ?an a happy intuition t l$ him to give s hon\rable a place to draw+ & music2 x 0 a consi/5t application ( 8 doctr9e t ! m9ds ( "y *ildr5 mu/ be f$ ?r\gh ! *annels ( s5se p]ception1 & t faculty is to be develop$ by plac+ ! outlets ( en]gy 9 imm$iate contact ) ! p[]s ( acquisition4 ,draw+ 0 int5d$ to give a direct & practical k ( space relations & ( ! =ms ( natural objects1 by comb9+ ! activities ( eye & h&1 :ile at ! same "t x fav\r$ ! cultivation ( arti/ic expression4 ,music1 be+ bas$ on v>i$ arrangem5ts ( numb] 9 pit* & "t1 0 c\nt$ on to supply ! gr\nd-"w ( ari?metic1 :ile 9 accordance ) ! p]suasion ( ! ,greeks x 0 held to ex]cise a def9ite /hetic & moral influ5ce on "*4 ,t ,mulca/] _h n only ?\ght out 8 !ories on ! matt]1 b _h v]ifi$ !m by individual *ild-/udy1 is cle> f ! t]ms ( 8 recomm5dations4 8,we mu/ seek = natural incl9ations 9 ! s\l1 :i* seem to crave ! help ( education & nurture1 & by means ( ^! may be cultivat$ to advantage4444 ,! be/ way to secure good progress1 s t ! intellig5ce may conceive cle>ly1 memory may hold fa/1 & judgm5t may *oose & disc]n ! be/1 is s to ply !m all t !y may proce$ volunt>ily & n ) viol5ce40 ,! same insight into ! he>t ( ! educational process appe>s 9 8 treatm5t ( ! gramm>-s*ool curriculum4 ,:5 we rememb] ! absorb+ pre-occupation ) classical le>n+ t 0 ! di/9ctive m>k ( ! ,r5asc5ce s*ol>s1 & ! prom95ce giv5 9 consequ5ce to l+ui/ic /udy 9 education1 we %\ld n wond] if ,mulca/] 7 f\nd acquiesc+ 9 "s degree 9 ! n>r[ ideal t exalt$ k at ! exp5se ( faculty1 & laid m /ress on ! int]pretation ( words ?an ( ?+s4 ,:at w r excite our surprise & admiration is ! ext5t to :i* he 0 able to rise above ! contempor>y e/imate ( ! value ( ,lat9 & ,greek z in/rum5ts ( culture4 ,x is f ! p5 ( "o ^: reputation 9 8 own day 0 bas$ on 8 ma/]y ( anci5t languages & 8 success z a tea*] ( ! classics1 t we h ! cle>e/ /atem5t ( ! contra/ betwe5 ! indirect1 incid5tal value ( l+ui/ic tra9+1 & ! direct1 =mative influ5ces ( sci5tific /udy4 8,9 "t all le>n+ may be br\ght into "o tongue1 & t naturally und]/ood by all1 s t s*ool+ = tongues may prove ne$less1 j z once !y 7 n ne$$2 b x c nev] fall out t arts & sci5ces 9 _! ess5tial nature %all be any?+ b mo/ necess>y = e commonweal? t is n utt]ly b>b>\s4444 ,! sci5ces t we t]m #8ma!matical' f _! v nature always a*ieve some?+ good1 intelligible ev5 to ! unle>n$1 by numb]1 figure1 s\nd1 or motion4 ,9 ! mann] ( _! tea*+ also !y plant 9 ! m9d ( ! le>n]s a habit ( resi/+ ! influ5ce ( b>e probabilities1 ( refus+ to believe 9 light conjectures1 ( be+ mov$ only by infallible demon/rations40 ,x has be5 /at$ above t ,mulca/] _h rea*$ a conception di/9ctly 9 advance ( 8 "t 9 reg>d to ! true significance ( words1 z ! signs ( realities 9 ! out] _w & ( ! impressions ^! realities make ^u ! m9d4 ,we may "h notice ! influ5ce ( ?is conception on 8 treatm5t ( l+ui/ic /udy z a means ( education4 ,:ile fully admitt+ ! necessity = acquir+ ! classical languages z long z ^! cont9u$ to be ! only vehicles ( le>n+1 he nev] fails to regret ! loss ( "t absorb$ 9 /udy+ !m1 & he anticipates ) satisfaction ! "t :5 mod]n tongues1 & especially 8 own1 w be suffici5tly develop$ & ref9$ to replace ,lat9 & ,greek1 believ+ z he does t 8all t brav]y may be _h at home t makes u gaze s mu* at ! f9e /rang]40 ,n t he ev] =gets t words are some?+ m ?an m]e symbols1 t inde$ !y come to h a c]ta9 objective reality ( _! own1 :i* mu/ be appreh5d$ z directly z t ( any o!r natural ph5om5on4 8,d we n le>n f words80 he asks4 8,no m>vel if x is s1 = a ^w is a metaphor1 a le>n$ translation1 some?+ c>ri$ ov] f its orig9al s5se to s]ve 9 "s place :]e x is ev5 m prop]ly us$1 & :]e x may be mo/ significant1 if x is prop]ly und]/ood4 ,take pa9s to le>n f x2 y h !re a means ( ga9+ k40 ,b ?is appreciation ( ! inn] significance ( language does n bl9d him to ! fact1 app>5tly unp]ceiv$ by all 8 contempor>ies1 t ! un=tunate ne$ = devot+ s mu* "t & en]gy to l+ui/ic /udy 0 a v s]i\s h9drance to ! natural unfold+ ( ! m5tal faculties ?r\gh a reasonable education4 ,9 8 own words1 8we 7 =c$ 444 to deal ) ! tongues1 ere we pass to ! sub/ance ( le>n+2 & ?is help f ! tongues1 ?\gh x is mo/ necess>y1 z our /udy is n[ arrang$1 yet h9d]s u 9 "t1 :i* is a ?+ ( great price--nay1 x h9d]s u 9 k1 a ?+ ( great] price4 ,= 9 l+]+ ov] language1 we are remov$ & kept back "o degree fur!r f s\nd k1 & ?is h9drance comes 9 our be/ le>n+ "t40 ,& 9 ano!r passage he bewails ! 8loss ( "t ov] tongues1 :ile y are pilgrims to le>n+10 & ! 8lack ( s\nd skill1 :ile language di/racts ! m9d f ! s5se40 ,:]e c\ld we f9d a /rong] indictm5t ( ! ,public ,s*ool tradition t bani%es e =m ( nature /udy dur+ ! 8be/ le>n+ "t10 ! ye>s :5 ! p[]s ( obs]vation are 9 _! fir/ fre%ness1 = ! sake ( a premature initiation into ! subtleties ( ,lat9 ,gramm>8 ,we may pass to ano!r important "q ) :i* ,mulca/] deals 9 a _s 9 h>mony ) 8 enlight5$ conception ( g5]al in/ruction4 ,8 assumption t ! day-s*ool is ! normal arrangem5t1 & t ei!r an entirely private or a bo>d+-s*ool education requires to be ju/ifi$ by special circum/ances1 gives him a f> wid] outlook & a saf] /&po9t ?an c be claim$ = !ori/s1 ^: ideal1 l t ( ,locke1 reg>ds only ! upbr++ ( a g5tleman's son at home "u a tutor1 or1 l t ( ,milton1 involves ! collection ( l>ge numb]s 9 bo>d+ e/abli%m5ts ( a conv5tual nature4 ,?is is a matt] t is naturally relat$ to ! ext5sion ( educational opportunities ?r\gh\t all classes ( ! community4 ,z long z only a select few 7 ?\ght fit = le>n+1 resid5ce 9 ! mona/]y 0 almo/ an affair ( necess>y conv5i5ce1 b :5 tea*+ came to be m widely (f]$1 ! day-s*ool became a recognis$ in/itution1 & su* o!r arrangem5ts z impli$ great] exp5diture 7 reta9$ only by ! ri*1 z in/rum5ts ( social exclusiv5ess4 ,x is 9 c\ntries :]e di/9ctions ( rank are comp>atively little m>k$ t ! day-s*ool sy/em has fl\ri%$ mo/1 & ! p>tiality %[n 9 ,mulca/]'s day = ! s]vices ( a private tutor1 & 9 subsequ5t times = ! bo>d+-s*ool1 is c]ta9ly to be tak5 9 great measure z an ass]tion ( class sup]iority4 ,mulca/] 0 no democrat1 b he saw t ! ri* _h m to lose ?an to ga9 by arrangem5ts t unduly re/rict$ _! exp]i5ce4 ,moreov] he cle>ly disc]n$ ! importance ( ! family z ! true social unit1 ! nurs]y ( ! virtues t %\ld be develop$ 9 ! s*ool1 & f9d ex]cise 9 ! public1 z well z ! private1 conduct ( life4 ,x is n 8 fault t 8 c\ntrym5 h become b\nd h& & foot to a sy/em "u :i* ! va/ majority ( well-to-d p>5ts h& ov] _! *ildr51 body & s\l1 f ! t5d]e/ ye>s to ! c>e ( pr(essional upbr+]s1 dive/+ !mselves ) a light he>t ( ! mo/ preci\s responsibilities t nature has conf]r$ on !m4 8,h[ c education be private80 he asks1 8,x is an abuse ( ! "n z well z ( ! ?+40 ,b on ! o!r h& he urges--8,all ! consid]ations :i* p]suade p r to h _! *ildr5 taught at home ?an along ) o!rs outside1 especially ) reg>d to _! mann]s & behavi\r1 =m argum5ts = _! bo>d+ at lea/ at home1 if ! p>5ts w take _! position s]i\sly4444 ,!y are di/9ct (fices1 to be a p>5t1 & a tea*]1 & ! difficulties ( upbr++ are too s]i\s = all ! responsibilities to be ?r[n into ! h&s ( "o alone40 ,on ! "q ( ! position & /&+ ( ! tea*] ,mulca/]'s cont5tions 7 sc>cely m timely & j = 8 own g5]ation ?an !y are = ! pres5t "t4 ,?\gh c]ta9 ranks ( ! tea*+ pr(ession h nev] be5 )\t social consid]ation1 x rema9s true t tea*]s z a :ole 7 long reg>d$ z an inf]ior ord] ( ! cl]gy1 :o did n rea* ! goal ( _! ambition until !y _h succe$$ 9 leav+ _! fir/ call+1 to take ! m tranquil & dignifi$ position ( a cure ( s\ls4 ,z he puts x--8,! s*ool be+ us$ b = a %ift1 f :i* !y w aft]w>ds pass to "s o!r pr(ession1 ?\gh x may s5d out compet5t m5 to o!r c>e]s1 rema9s itself f> too b>e ( tal5t1 consid]+ ! importance ( ! "w40 ,x 0 only natural t ! pr(ession %\ld suff] f ?is want ( indep5d5ce1 9 ! g5]al e/eem1 & !re=e 9 its sub/antial rew>ds1 b ! claim :i* our au?or puts =w>d = great] public consid]ation1 is obvi\sly bas$1 n on any petty res5tm5t on behalf ( himself or 8 fell[s1 b on broad g5]al gr\nds ( social advantage4 ,he _h a high s5se ( ! importance ( ! tea*]'s task = ! national welf>e1 & he 0 anxi\s on all gr\nds t ^? mo/ fitt$ to fulfil x ) success1 %\ld 9 ! fir/ place be induc$ to ent] ! pr(ession by ! prospect ( adequate recognition1 & 9 ! second place h suffici5t opportunity ( tra9+ to enable !m to d ju/ice to x4 8,i consid] t 9 our univ]sities !re %\ld be a special college = ! tra9+ ( tea*]s1 inasmu* z !y are ! in/rum5ts to make or m> ! gr[+ g5]ation ( ! c\ntry 444 & because ! mat]ial ( _! /udies is comp>able to t ( ! greate/ pr(ession1 9 respect ( language1 judgm5t1 skill 9 tea*+1 v>iety 9 le>n+1 :]e9 ! =m+ ( ! m9d & ex]cis+ ( ! body require ! mo/ c>eful consid]ation1 to say no?+ ( ! dignity ( "* :i* %\ld be expect$ f !m40 ,mulca/]1 x w "h be se51 has good gr\nds to (f] = magnify+ 8 (fice1 & /riv+ to w9 a place ( hon\r = x 9 ! social economy4 ,subsequ5t exp]i5ce has t5d$ to sugge/ t 8 ef=t to ga9 great] consid]ation = 8 pr(ession 0 m utopian ?an c\ld p]haps h appe>$ to 8 contempor>ies4 ,!re are c]ta9 g5]al reasons :y 9 a c\ntry l ours ! tea*+ pr(ession _c be expect$ to rea* ! solid>ity t belongs1 = example1 to ! pr(ession ( m$ic9e or ( law4 ,! wide economic diff]5ces 9 our civilisation inevitably p]petuate di/9ctions ( rank1 :i* are n[h]e m cle>ly %[n ?an 9 ! *oice ( s*ools4 ,x is natural & "r t p>5ts %\ld be no less conc]n$ ab\t ! companion%ip !y provide = _! *ildr5 ?an ab\t ! quality ( ! tea*+1 & s9ce a free & compulsory education has br\ght into ! national s*ools n only ! poore/ b ! l[e/ class1 ^? :o c af=d x mu/ be excus$1 & ev5 comm5d$1 if !y take advantage ( o!r opportunities1 :]e "s pr9ciple ( selection is appli$4 ,& z !re are diff]5t classes ( *ildr51 repres5t+ on ! :ole diff]5t k9ds ( home-upbr++1 s !re w be diff]5t ranks ( tea*]s1 v>y+ widely 9 _! /atus & emolum5ts4 ,! "q ( numb]s w always among day-s*ools give ! t[n tea*] an advantage ov] 8 c\ntry bro!r2 ! "q ( fees1 9 s f> z ^! are n c\nt]-balanc$ by end[m5ts or ,/ate support1 w draw ! mo/ highly-qualifi$ tea*]s to ! s*ools t s]ve ! ri*2 & ! second>y tea*] w1 on ! :ole1 rank above ! elem5t>y tea*]1 p>tly because great] atta9m5ts are requir$ f him1 & p>tly because ! high] tea*+1 requir+ a prolong$ s*ool c\rse1 is dem&$ *iefly by ! well-to-d classes4 ,t ?is economic diff]5tiation w\ld become s m>k$ c\ld sc>cely h be5 =ese5 ?ree c5turies ago1 & ev5 ?\gh x already exi/$1 ,mulca/] 0 do+ good s]vice 9 prote/+ aga9/ its extrem] =ms4 ,8 claim t ! elem5t>y tea*] is ! mo/ important ( all1 t he %\ld h ! smalle/ classes to deal )1 & t he %\ld be ! mo/ highly paid1 mu/ ( c\rse be tak5 z a c\nsel ( p]fection1 b if !re is no pres5t prospect ( its be+ fully admitt$ 9 practice1 !re is c]ta9ly a gr[+ acceptance ( ! pr9ciple und]ly+ x1 t ! mo/ critical p]iod ( education is 9 ! e>ly ye>s1 :5 ! fir/ impressions are be+ receiv$1 & t no influ5ce des]ves to be s well consid]$ z t :i* is to call =? an individual response f ! awak5+ intellig5ce4 ,difficult z ! atta9m5t ( ,mulca/]'s ideal ( ! position ( tea*]s may h be51 he 0 und\bt$ly on ! "r pa? to seek x1 :5 he advocat$ t _! tra9+ %\ld be entru/$ to ! univ]sities4 ,! dem& = adequate prep>ation is ! only reasonable means ( secur+ at once a fitt+ /atus1 & a rew>d suffici5t to attract ! be/ tal5t1 & ! recognition ( ! "w ( education z des]v+ to rank ) ! o!r le>n$ pr(essions = :i* a special academic tra9+ is requir$1 is ! natural expression ( a heal?y public s5tim5t on ! matt]4 ,! high] ! requirem5ts are pit*$1 ! saf] w be ! gu>antee t aspirants w be drawn to ! "w by a g5u9e belief 9 x z _! true vocation1 = ! sake ( :i* x is wor? :ile to make "s sacrifice4 ,! atmosph]e ( a univ]sity1 moreov]1 (f]s ! fulle/ opportunity to ! tea*] ( acquir+ ! bread? ( g5]al culture1 & ! savoir vivre1 9 :i* he is s apt to be defici5t4 ,mulca/]'s proposals = univ]sity re=m 9 g5]al w be f\nd 9 sev]al important respects to h anticipat$ ! c\rse ( subsequ5t legislation4 ,he wi%$ ! ,/ate to h a free h& 9 controll+ ! uses ( private end[m5ts accord+ to ! special ne$s ( ea* g5]ation1 z long z ! confid5ce ( ! orig9al f\nd]s 0 n betray$1 & he 0 n sl[ to po9t out directions :]e he consid]$ t *anges 7 urg5tly ne$$4 ,we "k t 9 8 "t ! condition ( ! ,univ]sities ( ,ox=d & ,cambridge 0 f> f satisfactory1 p>tly because def9ite abuses _h crept 91 & p>tly because _! con/itution naturally (f]$ a passive resi/ance to regulative organisation4 ,mulca/]'s sugge/ions all t5d to great] conc5tration ( aim & facility ( classification4 ,he may h c>ri$ 8 desire = uni=mity too f> :5 he advocat$ ! specialisation ( e college to a p>ticul> /udy1 & ev5 to a p>ticul> /age 9 t /udy4 ,s f> z resid5ce is conc]n$ !re is surely no ne$ to =go ! b5efits ( a v>i$ social int]c\rse among /ud5ts ( diff]5t /&+ & pursuits1 b x _c be d\bt$ t e ef=t %\ld be made to c\nt]act ! loss ?is may entail by provid+ full opportunities ?r\gh\t ! :ole univ]sity = ! emulation ( ^? :o are 9 ! same academic position4 ,9 ,elizabe?an days !re 0 n ! same fre$om ( int]*ange 9 lectures among ! v>i\s colleges t n[ obta9s1 & ,mulca/] 0 do+ good s]vice 9 deprecat+ ! isolation & disp]sion ( int]e/ t int]f]$ ) progress4 ,we mu/ also comm5d ! disc]nm5t he %[$ 9 pres5t+ ! claims ( a def9ite & compreh5sive curriculum 9 g5]al le>n+ to ! att5tion ( ^? :o wi%$ to engage 9 pr(essional /udies1 z well z 8 zeal = ! m c>eful selection ( c&idates = s*ol>%ips1 fell[%ips1 & degrees4 ,nor is x to be =gott5 t he 0 probably ! fir/ to sugge/ ! appo9tm5t ( 8read]s0 9 ! univ]sities1--an arrangem5t t 0 n adopt$ till almo/ our own "t4 ,! significance ( ,mulca/]'s !ories may be/ be appreciat$ by comp>+ !m ) ^? ( ! great educational re=m] :o came next 9 ord] ( "t4 ,! s]vices r5d]$ to ! _w by ,com5ius are too well accr$it$1 & too widely ackn[l$g$1 to suff] any s]i\s loss ( pre/ige by su* a comp>ison4 ,x has be5 already urg$ t true orig9ality 9 social affairs means an enlight5$ judgm5t z to :at is possible & desirable = "o's own "t & c\ntry1 & ! re=m ( education _h to be work$ out & proclaim$ = cont95tal ,europe on indep5d5t l9es4 ,x is n likely t ,mulca/]'s writ+s _h any direct influ5ce on ,com5ius1 ?\gh !y c\ld h>dly fail to make "s contribution to ! g5]al /ock ( ideas t is successively inh]it$ by ea* g5]ation1 & spreads almo/ imp]ceptibly ov] an ev] wid5+ area4 ,ev5 ap>t f any claim to priority 9 doctr9e1 ! =cible p]sonality ( ! ,moravian writ]1 express+ itself 9 a s+ul>ly exhau/ive treatm5t ( educational problems & _! practical application1 w always assure to him an unque/ion$ au?ority1 :ile 8 ass]tion ( ! weighty pr9ciple t words & ?+s mu/ be taught toge!r1 spok5 & writt5 signs be+ con/antly associat$ ) ! objects1 qualities1 or actions !y repres5t1 is 9 itself en\gh to secure him a la/+ reputation4 ,b f ! national po9t ( view1 :i* 9 trac+ su* hi/orical successions x is n unreasonable to assume1 we may ju/ly note t !re are a consid]able numb] ( educational doctr9es1 n[ g5]ally accept$ among u 9 !ory if n 9 practice1 ! e>lie/ =mulation ( :i*1 ?\gh g5]ally ascrib$ to ,com5ius1 is really to be f\nd 9 ! writ+s ( ,ri*>d ,mulca/]4 ,m ?an ?is1 x may be ma9ta9$ t on sev]al important po9ts a m p5etrat+ insight 0 %[n by our own c\ntryman1 9 spite ( 8 disadvantage 9 "t4 ,9 reg>d bo? to ! end & ! scope ( education1 = example1 a m humani/ic conception seems to h be5 held by ,mulca/]4 ,unlike ,com5ius1 :o lays *ief /ress on ! prep>ation = et]nity1 he sets =? z ! ma9 purpose ( y\?ful tra9+ ! m proximate aims ( self-realisation & useful s]vice to "o's fell[m54 8,! end ( education & tra9+ is to help nature to h] p]fection 9 ! complete developm5t ( all ! v>i\s p[]s 444 :]eby ea* %all be be/ able to p]=m all ^? functions 9 life :i* 8 position %all require1 :e!r public or private1 9 ! int]e/ ( 8 c\ntry 9 :i* he 0 born1 & to :i* he owes 8 :ole s]vice40 ,& :ile bo? writ]s insi/ t ! rudim5ts ( le>n+ %\ld be taught to *ildr5 ( e social class & ( bo? sexes1 ! ,engli%man alone expresses sympa?y ) ! ideal ( a high] education = girls :]e circum/ances p]mit4 ,x w\ld seem also t ,mulca/] took ! m reasonable view ( ! relation ( a tea*] to 8 class1 = 8 claim t ! elem5t>y ma/] %\ld h ! smalle/ numb] to deal )1 at lea/ %[s a full] s5se ( ! importance ( individual treatm5t ?an is convey$ 9 ! lat] writ]'s dictum t x does n matt] h[ l>ge a class is if ! tea*] has monitors to help him4 ,among ! doctr9es ( ,com5ius to :i* 8 expositors h atta*$ special importance may be numb]$ ! foll[+3 t ! e>lie/ tea*+ %\ld be giv5 9 ! v]nacul>2 t ! fir/ subjects taught %\ld be su* z give scope to ! *ild's activity2 t k %\ld be communicat$ ?r\gh ! s5ses & put to imm$iate use2 t examples %\ld be taught be=e rules2 t ! arts %\ld be taught practically2 t 9 language-/udy gramm> %\ld accompany read+ & speak+2 t le>n+ %\ld be spontane\s & pleasant )\t undue pressure2 t *ildr5 %\ld n be beat5 = failure 9 /udy1 b only = moral (f5ces2 & t education %\ld foll[ 9 g5]al ! guidance ( nature4 ,^! pr9ciples n[ rank among ! commonplaces ( educational me?od1 & 9 s f> z _! acceptance has be5 fur!r$ by ! p]suasive advocacy ( ,com5ius ! gratitude ( ! _w is due to him2 b :y %\ld ,engli%m5 =get t !y _h all be5 proclaim$ ) unmi/akable cle>ness 9 ?is c\ntry half a c5tury e>li]8 ,read]s ( ! =ego+ pages mu/ be already conv9c$ t ! doctr9es 9 "q =m an ess5tial "p ( ,mulca/]'s !ory ( education2 b x may be wor? :ile to recall 9 a connect$ =m a few ( ! m /rik+ passages 9 :i* !y are express$4 ,on ! use ( ! v]nacul> 9 ! e>ly ye>s3 8,z = ! "q :e!r ,engli% or ,lat9 %\ld be fir/ le>n$1 hi!rto !re may seem to h be5 "s reasonable d\bt1 al?\gh ! nature ( ! two tongues ought to decide ! matt] cle>ly en\gh1 444 b n[ 444 we c foll[ ! direction ( reason & nature 9 le>n+ to read fir/ t :i* we speak fir/1 to take mo/ c>e ov] t :i* we use mo/1 & 9 beg9n+ our /udies :]e we h ! be/ *ance ( good progress1 ow+ to our natural famili>ity ) our ord9>y language1 z spok5 by ^? ar\nd u 9 ! affairs ( ev]yday life40 ,no p>ticul> quotation is ne$$ to illu/rate ,mulca/]'s dep5d5ce = 8 elem5t>y tra9+ on /udies t call$ =? individual ef=t f ! *ild1 = ! c\rse he plann$ includes no o!r k9d ( occupation1 b ! foll[+ s5t5ces may /& = a pro( t he recognis$ ! natural *annels ?r\gh :i* k is acquir$ & utilis$ 9 ! guidance ( action3 8,nature has 444 giv5 u = self-pres]vation ! p[] ( p]ceiv+ all s5sible ?+s by means ( feel+1 he>+1 see+1 smell+1 & ta/+4 ,^! qualities ( ! outw>d _w1 be+ appreh5d$ by ! und]/&+ & exam9$ by ! judgm5t1 are h&$ ov] to ! memory1 & aft]w>ds prove our *ief--nay1 our only--means ( obta9+ fur!r k4444 ,to s]ve ! end bo? ( s5se-p]ception & ( motion1 nature has plant$ 9 ! body a bra91 ! pr9ce ( all our organs1 :i* by spread+ its *annels ?r\gh e "p ( our frame1 produces all ! effects ?r\gh :i* s5se passes into motion40 ,on ! po9t ( subord9at+ rules to ! imitation ( examples1 & le>n+ ! arts by practically engag+ 9 !m1 ,mulca/] writes3 8,*ildr5 "k n :at !y d1 mu* less :y !y d x1 till reason gr[ into "s rip5ess 9 !m1 & !re=e 9 _! tra9+ !y pr(it m by practice ?an by kn[+ :y1 till !y feel ! use ( reason1 :i* tea*es !m to consid] causes4444 ,:5 ! end ( any art is :olly 9 do+1 ! initiation %\ld be %ort1 s z n to h9d] t end by keep+ ! le>n]s too long mus+ ^u rules4444 ,we mu/ keep c>efully t rule ( ,ari/otle :i* tea*es t ! be/ way to le>n any?+ well :i* has to be done aft] x is le>n$1 is always to be a-do+ :ile we are a-le>n+40 ,to ! "q ( ! be/ me?od 9 l+ui/ic /udy1 ,mulca/] 0 ready to apply ?is pr9ciple ( le>n+ directly ?r\gh practice1 & 8 s5se ( ! prop] place ( grammatical k is %[n 9 ! foll[+ passage3 8,gramm> 9 itself is b ! b>e rule1 & a v nak$ ?+4444 ,9 gramm>1 :i* is ! introduction to spee*1 !re %\ld be no su* l5g? z is cu/om>y1 because its end is to write & to speak1 & 9 do+ ?is z mu* z possible we le>n our gramm> be/1 :5 x is appli$ to matt] & n clogg$ ) rules4 ,z = und]/&+ writ]s1 t comes ) ye>s & rip5ess ( intellig5ce1 n by means ( ! rules ( gramm>40 ,x has already be5 se5 t ,mulca/] %>$ fully 9 ! human] views ^u ! treatm5t ( *ildr5 t 7 beg9n+ to ass]t !mselves 9 8 day2 b x is int]e/+ to notice t he bas$ 8 conviction n only on ! g5]al claims ( sympa?y1 b also on gr\nds ( purely educational exp$i5cy4 8,^! ?ree ?+s--p]ception1 memory1 & judgm5t--ye w f9d pe]+ out ( ! little "y s\ls4 ,n[ ^! natural capacities be+ once discov]$ mu/ z !y arise be foll[$ ) dilig5ce1 increas$ by good me?od & enc\rag$ by sympa?y1 till !y come to _! fruition4 ,! be/ way to secure good progress1 s t ! intellig5ce may conceive cle>ly1 memory may hold fa/1 & judgm5t may *oose & disc]n ! be/1 is s to ply !m t all may proce$ volunt>ily1 & n ) viol5ce1 s t ! w may be ready to d well & lo? to d ill1 & all fe> ( correction may be entirely abs5t4 ,surely to beat = n le>n+ a *ild t is will+ en\gh to le>n1 b ^: intellig5ce is defective1 is worse ?an madness4444 ,beat+ mu/ only be = ill-behavi\r1 n = failure 9 le>n+40 ,f9ally we mu/ admit t ! pr9ciple urg$ by ,com5ius1 & aft]w>ds pu%$ to an extreme by ,r\sseau & ,froebel1 ( foll[+ ! guidance ( nature 9 plann+ ! proc$ure ( in/ruction 0 explicitly /at$ by ,mulca/]4 8,! ?ird pro( ( a good elem5t>y c\rse 0 t x %\ld foll[ nature 9 ! multitude ( its gifts1 & t x %\ld proce$ 9 tea*+ z %e does 9 develop+4 ,= z %e is unfri5dly :]ev] %e is =c$1 s %e is ! be/ guide t anyone c h1 :]ev] %e %[s h]self fav\rable40 ,x n infrequ5tly happ5s t ! doctr9es ( a notable re=m]1 :ile !y are full ( light & lead+ = 8 contempor>ies1 h no m ?an a hi/orical int]e/ = succe$+ g5]ations4 ,! rapidity ( _! absorption 9 ! g5]al curr5t ( e/abli%$ !ory mu/ be l>gely det]m9$ by ! /r5g? ( ! influ5ce ) :i* !y 7 fir/ ass]t$1 s t 9 "o aspect x may be said t ! m pot5t ! impress ( ! orig9al m9d1 ! soon] w its individual effects become imp]ceptible4 ,b x w\ld be z ra% to make ?is rule ! measure ( an e/imate ( relative greatness1 )\t tak+ acc\nt ( o!r contribut+ conditions1 z x w\ld be unreasonable to be misl$ into ! opposite error ( und]valu+ proposals :i* _h only a tempor>y fitness & are ( no pres5t significance4 ,9 tru? x is a good deal a matt] ( accid5t :e!r ! words ( wisdom :i* fall f m5 ( g5ius & insight be> fruit e>ly or late1 & :ile di/ance 9 "t (f]s a vantage-gr\nd = ! j assignm5t ( ! tributes ( admiration & gratitude1 ! "q ( imm$iate applicability mu/ n bulk too l>gely among ! elem5ts on :i* our judgm5t ( a reputation is bas$4 ,z has be5 already sugge/$1 ,mulca/] lo/ 8 opportunity ( spe$y acceptance = 8 ideals ?r\gh 8 inability to comm5d !m ) p]suasive eloqu5ce1 ?\gh su* an imp$im5t to appreciation is happily n irremovable4 ,! m se>*+ inve/igation ( our "t into ! hi/ory ( educational ?\ght might or might n h discov]$ a high pres5t value 9 ! aspirations to :i* he gave some:at inadequate expression1 )\t 8 title to fame be+ mat]ially affect$4 ,b x w und\bt$ly give to 8 writ+s a great additional int]e/ if x %\ld appe> t !y set =? lessons :i* ! ?ree int]v5+ c5turies h fail$ to le>n1 & :i* are /ill clam\r+ = acceptance 9 our own day4 ,x w\ld n be difficult to %[ t _m ( ! re=ms :i* he urg$ & anticipat$1 :ile !y h be5 =mally admitt$ z necess>y or exp$i5t1 h z yet made little way 9 leav5+ ! :ole mass ( educational practice4 ,!re is good reason to ma9ta91 = example1 t ! imp>tial diffusion ( ! opportunities ( le>n+ ?r\gh\t all classes ( ! community1 :i* 0 a fundam5tal "p ( ,mulca/]'s gospel1 has be5 mu* less completely realis$ among u ?an is g5]ally suppos$4 ,we are apt to re/ satisfi$ ) ! idea ( univ]sal education )\t ov]-c>eful a scrut9y into ! nature ( :at is (f]$ 9 its "n4 ,9 s f> z elem5t>y in/ruction 0 conc]n$ ,mulca/] drew no di/9ction betwe5 ri* & poor1 betwe5 ^? ( g5tle & ( l[ly bir?2 all 7 to h ! same treatm5t1 irrespective ( ! uses to :i* _! k might aft]w>ds be turn$4 ,our ,/ate sy/em ( education may pr(ess to c>ry out ?is aim1 b ! ju/ice ( ! claim mu/ be d5i$ s long z ! nature & quality ( :at is =cibly impos$ ^u ! mass ( ! p is s]i\sly at fault4 ,our sy/em ( public elem5t>y education 9 ?is c\ntry1 h[ev] effici5tly x may be organis$1 fails entirely to provide a s\nd g5]al tra9+ ow+ to its adoption ( a curriculum t is unduly utilit>ian 9 aim4 ,x is und5iable t ?is is l>gely due to an implicit ca/e feel+ :i* prescribes t ! education ( ! masses %all fit !m directly = ! p]=mance ( c]ta9 indu/rial tasks 9 a /ate ( economic subjection4 ,! well-to-d citiz5 wi%es 8 own *ild1 ev5 f ! fir/1 to be taught diff]5tly f ! *ild ( poor] p>5ts1 ^: s*ool+ he helps to pay = & has "s %>e 9 regulat+4 ,! c\rse ( /udy he *ooses may be no bett]1--9 "s respects x is und\bt$ly worse2 b at lea/ x is diff]5t1 & con=ms to ! conv5tional /&>d ( a lib]al tra9+ = life z a :ole4 ,! codes drawn up = our national sy/em are n fram$ = any su* purpose4 ,p>tly f +ra9$ class prejudice1 p>tly to get tangible results to %[ = ! public money exp5d$1 & p>tly f a b5evol5t b %ort-sight$ reg>d = suppos$ utilities1 we h ov]burd5$ ! curriculum ) ! m me*anical p>ts ( le>n+4 ,we put too mu* ( ! drudg]y into ! ye>s :5 we c make sure ( ! *ildr51 s t a m9imum ( int]e/ is tak5 9 ! "w = its own sake1 ) ! result t :5 ! compulsory t]m is rea*$1 ! great majority ( !m use _! lib]ty to ?r[ aside _! books = ev]4 ,:ile ?is reproa* rema9s j1 c we say t ! ideal ( a true univ]sal elem5t>y education has yet be5 rea*$8 ,x is p]haps idle to expect any equalisation ( opportunities by po/pon+ e k9d ( specialism to a p]iod beyond ! elem5t>y /age1 until !re is a m g5]al agreem5t z to :at con/itutes a lib]al education4 ,if we apply ! t\*/one ( ,mulca/]'s conception1 h[ mu* ( ! traditional lumb] :i* is n[ ob/ruct+ our progress w\ld h to be cle>$ away6 ,we are ! bond-slaves ( two tyrants--! _s ( an outworn classicism & ! _s ( a utilit>ianism falsely s-call$4 ,"u ! dom9ation ( ! =m] we di/ort ! curriculum ( our high]-class s*ools1 prep>atory z well z second>y1 by project+ into ! elem5t>y p]iod & practically impos+ on e s*ol> l+ui/ic /udies t %\ld =m a specialism only = a v few dur+ ! lat] ye>s ( s*ool life4 ,misguid$ by ! latt] we debase our public prim>y education by fill+ up ! "t ) subjects ( m]e in=mation t nei!r ar\se ! int]e/s ( ! le>n] nor af=d a g5u9e m5tal discipl9e4 ,x w\ld inde$ a/\nd ! ,elizabe?an s*oolma/] :o tol]at$ pre-occupation ) ! le>n$ tongues only until 8 native ,engli% %\ld rea* a high en\gh po9t ( cultivation to become a wor?y receptacle ( le>n+1 & :o lam5t$ ! tempor>y ne$ = a m$ium :i* kept ! /ud5t 8"o degree fur!r (f f k0 to f9d t aft] m ?an #cjj ye>s ! %ackles _h n yet be5 ca/ aside4 ,nor w\ld he be less dismay$ to discov] t ! sole alt]native (f]$ to ^? :o 7 exclud$ f :at pr(ess$ to be a lib]al culture1 consi/$ only to a v small ext5t ( t direct k ( ! facts & laws ( ,nature :i* he conceiv$ to be ! prop] food dur+ 8our be/ le>n+ "t10 b ma9ly ( ! dry bones ( second-h& exp]i5ce4 ,mulca/]'s ideal w n be atta9$ until we h devis$ a c\rse ( /udy up to ! age ( at lea/ #ad or #ae ye>s1 :i* %all =m a prep>ation = life t is applicable to all pupils alike--to boys & girls1 to ri* & poor1 to ^? :o c pursue _! sy/ematic education fur!r1 & to ^? :o mu/ discont9ue x !n to ent] into ! _w ( affairs4 ,en\gh p]haps has be5 already said1 ?\gh x w\ld be an easy task to cont9ue ! catalogue ( re=ms sugge/$ by ,mulca/]1 :i* h be5 approv$ by ! cons5sus ( judgm5t among ?9k]s on education1 b h n yet be5 fully c>ri$ out 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,:5 we rememb] ! ov]-pressure & cramm+ t h result$ f ! abuse ( exam9ations 9 ! treatm5t ( le>n+ z a m>ketable commodity subject to ! sev]e/ /ruggles ( competition2 or ! widespread neglect ( ! arts & sci5ces z in/rum5ts ( g5]al tra9+2 or ! unholy sep>ation ( p>5ts & *ildr5 dur+ ! mo/ critical ye>s ( mutual influ5ce1 ?r\gh ! acceptance ( ! bo>d+-s*ool sy/em z a normal in/itution2 or ! anomal\s position ( tea*]s1 left z !y are )\t recognition z memb]s ( an ackn[l$g$ pr(ession1 & hav+ to dep5d = _! tra9+ on ! volunt>y provision made by religi\s sects1--:5 we reflect t on ^! & on _m k9dr$ matt]s ( high urg5cy ! wise/ guidance 0 (f]$ to u m ?an ?ree c5turies ago1 we %all h little hesitation 9 admitt+ ! claim ( ,ri*>d ,mulca/] to be consid]$ ! ,fa!r ( ,engli% ,p$agogy4 ,illu/ration3 7,publi%]'s colophon47