,mississippi ,p9ey ,woods3              
a photographic /udy ( folk ar*itecture  
by                              ,patti  
,c>r ,black                             
an exhibition                           
at !                    ,mississippi    
,/ate ,hi/orical ,museum                
,illu/ration3 ,cov] photograph3 ,gri/   
mill at ,lake ,b\nds1 ,cl>ke      ,c\nty
                                        
,,mississippi ,,p9ey ,,woods            
a photographic /udy ( folk ar*itecture  
by                              ,patti  
,c>r ,black                             
,mississippi ,dep>tm5t ( ,ar*ives &     
,hi/ory                                 
,jackson1 ,mississippi                  
#aigf                                   
,repr9t$ #aihj        ,illu/ration3 ,map
      ,t5nessee ,hills    ,black        
,prairie    ,pontotoc ,ridge    ,flat   
,woods    ,nor? ,c5tral ,hills          
,jackson ,prairie    ,br[n ,loam &      
,loess ,hills    ,delta    ,,p9ey       
,,woods    ,my appreciation & ?anks to !

 _m resid5ts ( ! ,p9ey ,woods :o  gave  
me directions1 in=mation1 & access to _!
 homes1 especially  ,miss ,g]tie        
,a9swor?1 ,hulan ,purvis1 ,bob &        
,patricia ,h>ris1 ,cl>5ce  ,smi?1 ,*>les
 ,a4 ,mc,gee1 ,s4 ,d4 ,sullivan1 & ,mrs4
 ,l4 ,e4 ,turn]4                        
,introduction          ,illu/ration3    
,opposite3 ,sam ,hosey h\se ne> ,moss1  
,jasp] ,c\nty      8,!n a h\se appe>$ on
 its ridge 444 z if some?+ came slid+   
out ( ! sky1 ! :ole t9 ro( ( ! h\se ran 
) new blue4 ,!    po/s along ! por*     
s(tly bloom$ d[nw>d1 z if *alk m>ks 7   
be+ drawn1 "o m "t1 d[n a /ill mi/y     
slate4 ,! h\se 0    reveal$ z if /&+ !re
 f pure memory aga9/ a n[ moonless      
sky4 ,= ! l5g? ( a brea?1 ev]y?+ /ay$   
%ad[less1 z    "u a lift+ h&1 & !n a    
passage %[$1 runn+ ?r\gh !    h\se1 "r  
?r\gh ! middle ( x44440                 
--,eudora ,welty    ,! dogtrot h\se     
describ$ by ,eudora ,welty 9 ,los+      
,battles is 9  e ,mississippian's       
memory4 ,dogtrots1 a "p ( ! ,mississippi

  l&scape s9ce ! e>ly #ai? c5tury1 7 "o 
( ! mo/ popul>  =ms ( folk /ructures 9 !
 /ate1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! s\!a/]n  section4 
,! /udy ( folk ar*itecture has be5      
l>gely ignor$ 9 ,mississippi1  ) ! major
 att5tion go+ to l>ge mansion h\ses4    
,ev5 ! t]m  8antebellum0 has be5 us$ to 
ref] only to afflu5t homes4 ,_m         
dogtrots1 log h\ses1 & o!r rural homes 9
 ,mississippi are  antebellum 7built    
be=e ! ,civil ,w>7 & are f> m widespread
 &  *>act]i/ic ( #ai? c5tury            
,mississippi ar*itecture4    ,! h\ses   
built by ! pione]s !mselves repres5t an 
important &  basic elem5t ( ,mississippi
 culture4 ,!y reveal ! +5uity &  c\rage 
& affirmation ( m5 & wom5 :o built _!   
homes )  little money1 limit$ mat]ials1 
& no =mal tra9+ z ar*itects  & build]s4 
,few ( ^! /ructures are left /&+ 9 _!   
orig9al =m & e day br+s ! de/ruction (  
m4 ,?is /udy  is int5d$ to be a sampl+1 
n an exhau/ive survey ( ,p9ey ,woods    
folk ar*itecture4 ,x 0 und]tak5 ) !     
support & enc\ragem5t  ( ,dr4 ,byrle    

,kyn]d1 director ( ! ,mississippi ,/ate 
,hi/orical ,museum  & ,dr4 ,william     
,f]ris ( ,yale ,univ]sity & 0 made      
possible by a  grant f ! ,national      
,end[m5t = ! ,arts4                     
,! ,p9ey ,woods      ,! s\!a/]n qu>t] ( 
,mississippi1 kn[n z ! ,p9ey ,woods1    
ext5ds s\?w>d f ,int]/ate #bj to )9     
tw5ty miles ( ! ,gulf  ,coa/1 & f !     
,alabama l9e to ! ,br[n ,loam ,belt we/ 
( !  ,pe>l ,riv]4 ,x is a high roll+ l&1
 once cov]$ by d5se /&s (  long-leaf    
p9e1 & pat*es ( h>dwood 9 ! bottoms4    
,num]\s riv]s  & creeks criss-cross its 
s&y soil4 ,! ,leaf & ,*ickasa:ay =m  !  
,pascag\la ,riv] t empties into         
,pascag\la ,bay4 ,! ,pe>l ,riv]1  ) its 
tribut>ies1 ! ,/rong & ! ,bogue ,*itto1 
empties into !  ,gulf ( ,mexico4    ,!  
,p9ey ,woods1 orig9ally inhabit$ by !   
,*octaw ,indians1 0 c$$  to ! ,unit$    
,/ates by a s]ies ( treaties beg9n+ ) ! 
,treaty  ( ,m\nt ,dext] 9 #ahje4 ,9 !   
great migration aft] ! ,w> ( #ahab1     
settl]s began com+ 9 by horseback1 on   

foot1 by wagon teams1 mov+  we/ across !
 ,=t ,/eph5s-,nat*ez road & !           
,?ree-,*opp$ ,way &  d[n ,jackson's     
,milit>y ,road4 ,!y came by flatboat d[n
 ! riv]s1 &  lat] by /eamboat up !      
,pe>l4 ,!y came f ! ,c>ol9as1 ,georgia1 
& ,t5nessee to ! l& describ$ by ,j4 ,f4 
,h4 ,claiborne 9 #ahdj z  8cov]$        
exclusively ) ! long-leaf p9e2 n brok51 
b roll+  l ! waves 9 ! middle ( ! great 
ocean4 ,! grass gr[s ?ree  feet high &  
hill & valley are /udd$ all ov] ) fl[]s 
( e  hue40                              
,e>ly ,settl]s      ,! pione]s ( ! ,p9ey
 ,woods 7 n agriculturi/s4 ,!y 7        
prim>ily live/ock grazi]s & hunt]s1 ^:  
*ief int]e/ 9 !  l& 0 to h a place = a  
cab91 a few out-build+s & /ock  p5s1    
small corn & vegetable pat*es1 & op5    
range = _!  live/ock4 ,9 #ahgj ,william 
,h4 ,sp>ks ( ,nat*ez wrote ab\t !       
settlem5ts 9 ! ,p9ey ,woods4 ,he said !y
 87 con/itut$ ( a  diff]5t p 7f !       
agricultural population f>!r we/73 ,mo/ 
( !m 7 f ! poor] di/ricts ( ,georgia & !

 ,c>ol9as4  ,true to ! in/9cts ( ! p f  
:om !y 7 desc5d$1 !y  s\ght z ne>ly z   
possible j su* a c\ntry z t f :i* !y    
came1 & 7 really refugees f a gr[+      
civilization consequ5t  ^u a d5s]       
population & its necessities4 ,!y 7 n   
agriculturi/s 9 a prop] s5se ( ! t]m2   
true1 !y cultivat$ 9  "s degree ! soil1 
b x 0 n ! prime pursuit ( ^! p1  nor 0 !
 location s\ght = ?is purpose4 ,!y      
desir$ an op51  poor1 p9e c\ntry1 :i*   
=bade a num]\s population4 ,"h !y  re>$ 
imm5se h]ds ( cattle1 :i* subsi/$       
exclusively ^u co>se  grass & re$s :i*  
grew abundantly among ! tall1 long-leaf$
 p9e1  & along ! small creeks & bran*es 
num]\s 9 ?is section4  ,?r\gh ^! almo/  
int]m9able p9e =e/s ! de] 7 abundant1  &
 ! canebrakes full ( be>s4 ,!y comb9$ ! 
pursuits ( hunt+  & /ock-m9d+1 & d]iv$  
support & rev5ue almo/ exclusively  f   
^!40    ,gradually1 9 ! second wave (   
migration1 f>m]s began mov+ into  !     
,p9ey ,woods1 m5 :o desir$ ! own]%ip ( !
 l& r ?an  its free use4 ,old] settl]s  

began to decrease _! h]ds & increase  _!
 fields1 b by #ahfj /ill only a fraction
 ( ! l& 0  8improv$ l&40 ,because ! soil
 0 poor & ! f>ms t5d$ to be  small1 !   
plantation sy/em & slav]y nev] ?riv$    
!re4 ,! numb]  ( slave[n]s 7 few & !    
,p9ey ,woods has rema9$ pr$om9antly     
:ite4    ,9 ! clos+ decade ( ! #ai?     
c5tury1 ! railroads op5$ !  c\ntry to ! 
lumb] indu/ry4 ,nor!rn lumb] companies  
b\ght va/  areas1 sawmills 7 e/abli%$1  
lumb] t[ns sprang up4 ,9 less ?an  ?irty
 ye>s ! great p9e =e/s 7 /ripp$1 gho/   
t[ns 7  left1 & ! /umps ( cut-ov] l&    
atte/$ to ! ravag+ ( !  =e/s4           
,re=e/ation has re/or$ mu* ( ! l& to    
loblolly-%ortleaf p9e =e/s1 &           
indu/rialization is sl[ly  *ang+ ! "* ( 
! ,p9ey ,woods4                         
,folk ,ar*itecture      ,because ( !    
availability ( trees1 log h\ses 7 ! mo/ 
common  type ( h\se built 9 ! ,p9ey     
,woods dur+ ! #ai? c5tury4 ,! mo/       
typical /yle1 /ill f\nd today1 is !     
8d\ble-p50 con/ruction1 also  call$     

8dogtrot0 or 8two-p5s-&-a-passage40     
,s*ol>s disagree on ! orig9 ( ! dogtrot4
 ,"s h attribut$ x  to ,sc&9avian       
influ5ce1 :ile o!rs h %[n a close       
relation%ip  to ! d\ble-p5 h\ses (      
,africa4 ,h5ry ,glassie has sugge/$ t ! 
dogtrot develop$ 9 ! l[] ,t5nessee      
,valley ar\nd #ahbe4 ,h[ev]1 a          
description ( a dogtrot 9 ,mississippi z
 e>ly z #aghi has be5  record$4 ,9      
,n>rative ( a ,j\rney ,d[n ! ,ohio &    
,mississippi 9  #aghi-ij 7,c9c9nati1    
#ahhh7 ,samuel ,s4 ,=man ( ,new ,j]sey  
describ$ 8  uncle's h\se t he visit$ on 
a plantation bord]+ ,/4 ,ca!r9e  ,creek1
 f\r miles f ,nat*ez3      ,! place _h a
 small cle>+ & a log h\se on x1 & he put
 up    ano!r log h\se to correspond ) x1
 ab\t f\rte5 feet ap>t1    connect+ !m )
 bo>ds1 ) a piazza 9 front ( ! :ole4 ,! 
usual t]m appli$ to su* a /ructure 0 t x
 0 8two p5s & a    passage40 ,?is       
connect+ passage made a f9e hall1 &     
altoge!r    gave x a good & com=table   
appe>ance4    ,x seems probable t !     

dogtrot con/ruction 0 a natural physical
  developm5t1 possibly happ5+ 9 v>i\s   
c\ntries simultane\sly4  ,%ort] logs or 
timb]s 7 m easily h&l$ & ! size ( a cab9
  possibly 0 det]m9$ by ! l5g? ( logs ! 
build] c\ld h&le4  ,lat] :5 an          
additional room 0 ne$$1 ! corn] timb]+ (
 !  log p5 made x impossible to butt !  
units toge!r4 ,! space left  betwe5 !   
p5s 0 made wide en\gh to be useful4     
,all ( ! log dogtrots /udi$ 9 ! ,p9ey   
,woods 7 built 9 /ages1  foll[+ ! same  
patt]n4 ,! settl] built a "o-room log   
h\se or  8p540 ,lat]1 z 8 family & =tune
 increas$ he built an id5tical  log p5 &
 connect$ ! two ) a common ro(1 leav+ a 
passageway  or 8dogtrot0 betwe5 ! p5s & 
provid+ an ov]hang = por*es  front &    
back4 ,"o p5 usually s]v$ z a kit*5 &   
liv+ room &  ! o!r z a b$room4 ,! cov]$ 
passage =m$ an area = h\sehold          
activities1 *ildr5's play1 & a cool     
sitt+ spot = summ]  ev5+s4 ,today !     
passageway is m likely to h\se ! 8deep  
freeze40 ,z ! family grew & m rooms 7   

ne$$1 ! sides ( !  front or back por* 7 
wall$ (f & call$ 8%$ rooms0 or 8drop    
%$s0 7,fig4 #a74    ,all log h\ses 7 n  
dogtrots1 & dogtrot con/ruction 0 n     
limit$ to log h\ses4 ,_m lat] frame     
h\ses 7 built 9 ! popul>  /yle4 ,:5     
,hulan ,purvis ( ,rank9 ,c\nty decid$ to
 build a frame h\se  = 8 family 9 #aiaj1
 he emulat$ ! con/ruction ( 8 fa!r's    
dogtrot1 us+ ! same type ( 8long-/raw$0 
p9e1 b p9e t _h  be5 plan$ at ! sawmill 
r ?an hewn by h& 7,fig4 #bc74    ,_m ( !
 e>ly dogtrots h be5 remodell$1 enclos+ 
!  passageway = a c5tral room 7,fig4    
#be74 ,o!rs h be5 ab&on$ or  de/roy$4 ,n
 all h\ses ) op5 passageways are        
dogtrots4 ,! ,bob  ,goodloe h\se 9 ,smi?
 ,c\nty is an example ( a non-dogtrot   
because !  two sides ( ! h\se are n (   
equal size or symmetrical relation%ip   
7,fig4 #bf74                            
,tools      ,! only tool a man actually 
ne$$ to build a log h\se 0 an axe4  ,)  
an aug]1 an adze1 a draw+ knife1 a froe 
& maul1 a broadaxe1 or  saw1 he c\ld    

build x m effici5tly4 ,tools & build+   
te*niques  7 pass$ d[n f g5]ation to    
g5]ation4 ,"o su* te*nique  enabl$ a man
 to raise ! walls high] ?an he c\ld lift
 a log by  plac+ two logs at an angle   
aga9/ ! wall to s]ve z a skid &  us+ =k$
 /icks or ropes to guide ! logs into    
place4    ,ano!r te*nique 0 splitt+ logs
 by /&+ !m v]tically betwe5  scaffold+ &
 saw+ d[nw>d1 l[]+ ! scaffold+ z ! log 0
  cut4        ,illu/ration3 #a4         
,sullivan ,h\se1 ne> ,mize1 ,smi?       
,c\nty4 ,built      #ahaj-bj by ,tom    
,sullivan 9 8,sullivan's ,holl[40       
,pres5t own]3 ,%ep ,sullivan            
,illu/ration3 #b4 ,fir/ %]iff's (fice1  
,pike ,c\nty4 ,built 9 #ahae      by    
,laban ,bacot4      ,pres5t own]3 ,mrs4 
,lloyd ,hamilton        ,illu/ration3   
#c4 ,john ,walt]s cab91 ,rank9 ,c\nty1  
#ahfjs4      ,pres5t own]3 ,james ,huff 
,illu/ration3 #d4 ,tool %$1 ,wal?all    
,c\nty4      ,pres5t own]3 ,george ,w+o 
,illu/ration3 #e4 ,blacksmi? %op1 ,lake 
,b\nds1 ,cl>ke ,c\nty1 ca4      #aijj4  

,pres5t own]3 ,mrs4 ,g]trude ,gatl9     
,illu/ration3 #f4 ,jona?an ,a9swor?     
h\se1 ne> ,h>risville1      ,simpson    
,c\nty1 ca4 #ahfj-gj4      ,pres5t own]3
 ,miss ,g]tie ,a9swor?                  
,illu/ration3 #g4 ,,saddle ,,not*       
,aunt ,judy cab91 ,wigg9s1 ,/one ,c\nty1
 ca4 #ahgj4 ,pres5t own]3 ,b4      ,c4  
,batson        ,illu/ration3 #h4        
,v-,,not*      ,sullivan h\se1 ,smi?    
,c\nty1 ca4 #ahaj-bj4 ,pres5t own]3 ,%ep
      ,sullivan        ,illu/ration3 #i4
 ,,half-,,dovetail ,,not*      ,wiley   
,mc,neill h\se1 ,cl>ke ,c\nty1 ca4      
#ahbj-cj4 ,pres5t own]3      ,*>les     
,mc,gee        ,illu/ration3 #aj4       
,,squ>e ,,not*      ,lang b>n1 ne>      
,%ubuta1 ,cl>ke ,c\nty4 ,built ov] an   
#ahae-ahcj      dogtrot4 ,pres5t own]3  
,mrs4 ,mildr$ ,wilk9s                   
,illu/ration3 #aa4 ,,half-,,squ>$       
,/rong ,riv] f>m h\se1 ,simpson ,c\nty4 
,pres5t own]3 ,mrs4 ,guy      ,gillespie
        ,illu/ration3 #ab4 ,,saddle-,v  
,,comb9ation      ,c>t] ,place1 ,george 

,c\nty1 pre-,civil ,w>4 ,pres5t own]s3  
,mr4 &      ,mrs4 ,bill ,bailey         
,illu/ration3 #ac4 ,he>t p9e section =  
f\ndation block4 ,wiley      ,mc,neill  
h\se1 ,cl>ke ,c\nty1 ca4 #ahbj-cj4      
,pres5t own]3 ,*>les      ,mc,gee       
,illu/ration3 #ad4 ,native s& rocks =   
f\ndation block4 ,john ,a4      ,mc,leod
 h\se1 ,=e/ ,c\nty1 #aibj4 ,pres5t own]3
 ,mrs4 ,lida ,rog]s        ,illu/ration3
 #ae4 ,por* well4 ,sam ,hosey h\se1 ne> 
,moss1 ,jasp]      ,c\nty4 ,pres5t own]3
 ,ross ,hosey        ,illu/ration3 #af4 
,bricks replac$ mud-&-/ick *imney 9     
#aiea4      ,! orig9al f\ndation /ones  
rema94 ,wiley ,mc,neill h\se1 ,cl>ke    
,c\nty4        ,illu/ration3 #ag4 ,l(t  
w9d[s4 ,wiley ,mc,neill h\se1 ,cl>ke    
,c\nty4      ca4 #ahbj-cj4              
,illu/ration3 #ah4 ,%+le or bo>d ro(4   
,tool %$1 ,wal?all      ,c\nty4         
,pres5t own]3 ,george ,w+o              
,illu/ration3 #ai4 ,w9d[ %utt]4 ,john   
,walt]s cab91 ,rank9      ,c\nty1       
#ahfjs4      ,pres5t own]3 ,james ,huff 

,illu/ration3 #bj4 ,deta*$ kit*54 ,david
 ,bracey ,w>d h\se1 ,silv]      ,creek1 
,lawr5ce ,c\nty4      ,pres5t own]3     
,mrs4 ,alma ,h$gepe?                    
,illu/ration3 #ba4 ,jona?an ,a9swor?    
h\se1 ne> ,h>risville1      ,simpson    
,c\nty1 ca4 #ahfj-gj4      ,pres5t own]3
 ,miss ,g]tie ,a9swor?                  
,illu/ration3 #bb4 ,william ,jackson    
,purvis h\se1 ,rank9 ,c\nty1            
pre-#ahhj4      ,pres5t own]3 ,hulan    
,purvis        ,illu/ration3 #bc4 ,hulan
 ,purvis h\se1 ,rank9 ,c\nty1 #aiaj4    
,pres5t own]3 ,hulan ,purvis            
,illu/ration3 #bd4 ,sullivan h\se1 ne>  
,mize1 ,smi? ,c\nty1 #ahaj-bj4          
,pres5t own]3 ,%ep ,sullivan            
,illu/ration3 #be4 ,press ,bond h\se1   
,bond1 ,/one ,c\nty1 ca4 #ahgj4         
,pres5t own]3 ,mrs4 ,m>y ,alice ,cok]   
,illu/ration3 #bf4 ,a non-dogtrot4 ,bob 
,goodloe h\se1 ,burns1 ,smi?            
,c\nty4      ,pres5t own]3 ,bob ,goodloe
        ,illu/ration3 #bg4 ,p>k] 8t5t0  
7#ahhj71 olde/ cab9 on ,salem      ,*ur*

 ,campgr\nd1 e/abli%$ 9 #ahdb4          
,illu/ration3 #bh4 ,boyk9 ,me?odi/      
,*ur*1 ,smi? ,c\nty1 #aheh4             
,illu/ration3 #bi4 ,*9a ,grove ,me?odi/ 
,*ur*1 ,wal?all ,c\nty1      #ahed4     
,illu/ration3 #cj4 ,a-ro(4 ,de5 b>n1    
,jeff]son ,davis ,c\nty4                
,illu/ration3 #ca4 ,lang b>n1 ,cl>ke    
,c\nty4 ,built ov] an #ahae-ahcj        
dogtrot4        ,illu/ration3 #cb4 ,log 
b>n1 ,c>t] ,place1 ,george ,c\nty4      
,pres5t own]3 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,bill ,bailey
        ,illu/ration3 #cc4 ,a decorative
 tree mobile        ,illu/ration3 #cd4  
,b$spr+s = a gate        ,illu/ration3  
#ce4 ,/reet light reflectors us$ z po/  
cov]s to      prev5t rott+              
,illu/ration3 #cf4 #g-up sign us$ =     
backspla%                               
,con/ruction      ,! log h\ses 7 built (
 peel$ or 8skunt0 logs ( native longleaf
  p9e1 call$ 8light]$10 8yell[10 8he>t0 
or 8long-/raw$0 p9e4 ,!  settl] select$ 
trees ) /raight smoo? trunks            
approximately !  same size4 ,! trees 7  

fell$1 cut into ! correct l5g?1 &       
peel$4 ,!y 7 haul$ to ! build+ site ) ox
 or mule teams4 ,!  f\ndation blocks 7  
usually v]tical sections ( l>ge he>t p9e
  logs 7,fig4 #ac71 al?\gh "s h\ses us$ 
native iron rock z f\ndation  /ones     
7,fig4 #ad74 ,^! f\ndations held ! sills
 ( ! h\se a foot  or two (f ! gr\nd s t 
! light & air "u ! h\se  protect$ x f   
dampness & 8wood lice0 or t]mites4 ,9 "s
 cases1  ! sills 7 laid directly on !   
e>?4 ,! sills ( ! ,wiley  ,mc,neill     
h\se1 ,cl>ke ,c\nty1 laid on ! gr\nd    
ar\nd #ahcj1 today %[  little sign (    
rott+ or t]mite damage4 ,! res9 9 he>t  
p9e acts  z a natural pres]vative1 mak+ 
! wood almo/ inde/ructible4    ,"s ( !  
h\ses 7 built ) :ole peel$ logs 7,fig4  
#d72 o!rs  ) split logs 7,fig4 #e7 &    
/ill o!rs ) squ>e-hewn logs  7,fig4 #f74
 ,! logs 7 not*$ or 8scrib$0 at ! corn]s
 to fit  securely & /eadily4 ,! /yle ( !
 not* v>i$ ) ! cultural  backgr\nd1     
skill or pref]5ce ( ! build]4 ,saddle   
not*+1  ,v-not*+1 ,half-dovetail+1      

,squ>e corn]+1 ,halv$ corn]+ & a        
saddle-,v comb9ation are f\nd 9 ! ,p9ey 
,woods 7,figs4 #g-ab74 ,(  ^!1 !        
half-dovetail is ! mo/ difficult to     
produce4 ,x is self  lock+1 z is !      
,saddle & ,v-not*1 :ile ! ,squ>e &      
,half-,squ>e  require ! use ( pegs to   
hold ! timb] 9 place4    ,! spaces      
betwe5 ! logs 7 ei!r *9k$ ) clay & moss 
or  batt5$ ) split p9e pickets4 ,! log  
h\ses left /&+ today 9  ! ,p9ey ,woods  
are g5]ally batt5$ inside & out ) p9e   
bo>ds4  ,exact+ build]s squ>$ (f !      
corn]s1 b usually logs 7 left to  ext5d 
beyond ! not*es4 ,! floor joi/s re/$ on 
! sills & 7  fitt$ to make an ev5 base =
 ! floor ( wide h&-plan$ p9e  bo>ds4 ,_m
 ( ! e>li] h\ses _h clay floors1 b no   
h\se 0  f\nd /ill reta9+ ! dirt floor4  
,! ceil+1 made ( wide r\gh-hewn bo>d1 0 
atta*$ to ceil+  joi/s1 provid+ a l(t   
space 9 _m ( ! h\ses4 ,small ladd]-l    
/airs l$ ?r\gh a hole 9 ! ceil+ to !    
l(t1 :i* 0  sometimes us$ = sleep+      
qu>t]s or = /orage ( se$s1 h]bs1  nuts1 

& g\rds1 7,fig4 #ag74    ,! raft]s 7    
made ( small1 peel$ p9e poles4 ,p9e     
planks nail$ to  ! raft]s =m$ ! base ( !
 %+le ro(4 ,/raight gra9$ p9e  trees 7  
select$ = ro( %+les4 ,! tree 0 cut into 
blocks  eighte5 to tw5ty in*es long &   
split into 8bolts40 ,a froe & maul  7   
us$ to rive out ! bo>ds to a half-in*   
?ickness & ! ro(  0 cov]$ ) ! bo>ds     
ov]lapp+ 7,fig4 #ah74 ,9 ! ,p9ey ,woods1
  su* %+le ro(s 7 call$ 8bo>d0 ro(s4    
,today mo/ h be5  replac$ by t9 or      
masonite4 ,! ov]hang ( ! ro( provid$    
ab\t  eight feet front & re> = por*es4  
,ea* p5 usually _h a w9d[ on bo? sides (
 ! fireplace1 cut into  ! wall aft] !   
log p5 0 built4 ,!re 7 no w9d[ panels 9 
!  e>ly h\ses1 b ?ick %utt]s made (     
h&-plan$ p9e bo>ds 7,fig4  #ai74    ,ea*
 p5 _h a fireplace4 ,! e>ly *imneys 7   
8catt$10 made (  8/ick & mud10 & built  
on a f\ndation ( native rocks1 su* z s& 
or iron rocks4 ,! *imney 0 fram$ up )   
c>efully laid pieces (  oak /rips4      
,prairie grass or sage 0 mix$ ) wat] &  

clay &  ?r[n ov] ea* rung ( ! fram+4 ,! 
log grass ov]lapp$ ea*  rung1 fill+ !   
spaces4 ,aft] ! entire frame 0 cov]$1 x 
0  dress$ d[n ) mud4 ,:5 ! clay h>d5$1 !
 *imney 0 ready =  fire4 ,fireplaces 7  
fitt$ ) a b> & hooks to hold vessels =  
heat+ wat] & cook+4 ,^! inflammable     
/ick-&-mud *imneys &  fireplaces 7      
replac$ ) bricks aft] kilns began op]at+
 7,fig4  #af74    ,z a h\se grew1       
usually a kit*5 0 built beh9d & away f !
  h\se z a protection aga9/ fire4 ,x 0  
connect$ to ! h\se by a  bo>d walkway   
ei!r cov]$ or uncov]$ 7,fig4 #bj74 ,x is
 r>e today to  f9d ! deta*$ kit*5 /ill  
/&+ = mo/ h\se own]s1 )  access to      
electricity1 tore d[n ! kit*5 w+ & made 
a kit*5  %$ f a portion ( ! back por*4  
,9 ! #bj? c5tury1 outdoor  toilets gave 
way to mod]n plumb+ 9 %$ rooms4    ,be=e
 8runn+ wat]0 0 available1 x 0 consid]$ 
a great  conv5i5ce to h an additional   
well 9 ! h\se4 ,^! wells 7  usually on a
 front por* & _h a n>r[ cyl9d] = draw+  
wat]  7,fig4 #ae74    ,! ,a9swor? h\se 9

 ,simpson ,c\nty1 ! ,purvis h\se 9      
,rank9  ,c\nty1 & ! ,sullivan h\se 9    
,smi? ,c\nty are well-pres]v$ log       
dogtrots4    ,jona?an ,a9swor? built 8  
log h\se on ! ,flor5ce-,h>risville road 
9 nor? ,simpson ,c\nty betwe5 #ahfj-ahgj
 7,fig4 #ba74 ,g]tie ,a9swor?1  pres5t  
own] & gr&daught] ( ,jona?an1 0 born 9 !
 h\se z  0 h] fa!r1 ,*>les ,h\/on       
,a9swor?4    ,made ( squ>$ split-logs   
approximately #ad in*es 9 diamet]1 !    
h\se 0 built 9 /ages1 foll[+ ! typical  
patt]n ( progression4  ,! #bd-;foot     
squ>e nor? p5 0 con/ruct$ fir/ ) squ>e  
not*+4  ,an id5tical p5 0 add$ a few    
ye>s lat]1 leav+ a passageway  betwe51 )
 ! :ole h\se ro($ ov] to provide a front
 & back  por*4 ,soon aft]w>ds1 a kit*5 &
 d9+ room1 ea* ab\t twelve  feet squ>e1 
7 built (f ! re> ( ! h\se4 ,9 #aicg1 ^! 
/ructures 7 torn d[n & ! nor? p5 aga9   
became ! kit*5 &  ! s\? portion ( ! back
 por* 0 wall$ up z a b$room4 ,lat]1  ) !
 arrival ( electricity1 ! nor? back por*
 0 wall$ up =  a kit*54 ,none ( !       

outbuild+s are ! orig9al ones4 ,! pres5t
  corn crib 0 built 9 #aiaa2 ! 8c> h\se0
 9 #aibe2 ! b>n 9 #aice4  ,miss ,a9swor?
 rememb]s fruit h\ses1 :i* 7 built (    
small logs  & daub$ ) mud4 ,! h\se does 
n h plumb+ & ,miss ,a9swor?  /ill draws 
h] wat] f ! well conv5i5tly plac$ on !  
front  por*4    ,! ,purvis h\se /&s 9 ! 
,walt]s ,community 9 s\!a/ ,rank9       
,c\nty 7,fig4 #bb74 ,william ,jackson   
,purvis began build+ ! h\se prior  to   
#ahhj4 ,! f\r? g5]ation ( 8 family n[   
lives !re4    ,al?\gh bo? rooms h be5   
ceil$ & panel$ 9 rec5t ye>s & !  s\?    
fireplace remov$1 ! basic ext]ior rema9s
 un*ang$4    ,! orig9al p5 0 built on ! 
ea/ side ( pres5t-day ,highway #dc  &   
mov$ to ! we/ side ar\nd #ahhb4 ,! code 
= reassembl+ !  p5 c /ill be se5 c>v$ 9 
! logs4    ,! nor? p5 0 add$ "s tw5ty   
ye>s lat]4 ,! split-logs ( p9e  are put 
toge!r ) ,v-not*+4 ,an unusual feature  
is a /orm-pit  built "u ! nor? p5 ) an  
entrance ?r\gh an op5+ 9 !  floor4    ,9
 #aije :5 ! fir/ son m>ri$1 ! nor?      

portion ( ! front por*  0 wall$ (f = !  
newly-w$s4 ,9 ! #aigjs ! nor? re> por* 0
  wall$ (f z a kit*5 & ! s\? re> por* z 
a ba?room4 ,!  h\se n[ has bo?          
electricity & plumb+4    ,a function+   
f>m until rec5tly1 ! out-build+s include
 a smoke  h\se1 c[ b>n1 mule b>n1       
blacksmi? %op1 se$ h\se1 *ick5 h\se1  & 
tool %$4 ,! blacksmi? %op /ill conta9s !
 old bell[s & a  h&made gr9d+ tool4 ,!  
tool %$ holds h&-c>v$ mule hames1 a     
h&-pegg$ rake1 & o!r g>d5 tools4    ,tom
 ,sullivan built 8 "o-room cab9 (       
squ>e-hewn logs 9 ,*octaw  ,indian      
c\ntry4 ,! area lat] became kn[n z      
,sullivan's ,holl[1 ,smi?  ,c\nty4 ,!   
orig9al log cab9 0 built #ahaj-ahbj :5  
,sullivan  migrat$ f ,georgia1 & 8      
desc5dants h liv$ 9 x ev] s9ce4    ,a   
d\ble-p5 0 add$ lat] us+ split logs     
in/ead ( ! orig9al  squ>e-hewn4 ,?ree %$
 rooms h be5 add$ ov] ! ye>s1 ! la/  "o 
= a ba?room 9 #aife 7,fig4 #bd74        
,int]ior walls are batt5$ ) p9e bo>ds & 
! ceil+ is made (  8saw$0 bo>ds4 ,!     

mud-&-/ick *imneys on ea* end 7 replac$ 
by  brick *imneys 9 #aiae4 ,! dogtrot   
passageway is usually clos$ up 9  ! w9t]
 mon?s ) pla/ic panels4 ,! h\se is      
occupi$ today by  ,%ep ,sullivan1 a six?
 g5]ation desc5dant ( ! build]4         
,! ,campgr\nd      ,s]v+ a special      
function 7 ! campgr\nds :]e ,prote/ant  
religi\s meet+s 7 held once or twice a  
ye>1 usually dur+  8lay+-by0 "t4 ,! e>ly
 camp meet+s 7 held 9 an arbor-l  %elt] 
con/ruct$ ( oak po/s ) ,v-tops =m+ a    
frame =  horizontal poles t 7 !n cov]$ )
 leafy bran*es4 ,?is  %elt] 0 call$ !   
tab]nacle4 ,r\gh plank seats 7 con/ruct$
 by  lay+ long planks on supports held  
up by /akes driv5 9 ! gr\nd4  ,! dirt   
floor 0 cov]$ ) p9e /raw or sawdu/ to   
keep ! du/  d[n & ! pulpit 0 made ( r\gh
 planks4 ,small] %elt]s call$  t5ts :]e 
! p camp$ out 7 built ar\nd ! tab]nacle 
&  furni%$ ) p9e plank or pole b$s &    
tables1 /raw & %uck  mattresses4 ,lat] m
 sub/antial campgr\nds1 su* z pres5t-day
  ,salem ,*ur* campgr\nd1 7 built ) a   

p]man5t tab]nacle &  /urdy cab9s4 ,!    
,salem ,campgr\nd on ! ,jackson-,george 
,c\nty l9e is  ! olde/ extant campgr\nd 
9 ! /ate 7,fig4 #bg74 ,! fir/ camp      
meet+ at ,salem 0 held 9 #ahbf & !      
pres5t site 0 select$ 9  #ahdb4 ,!      
campgr\nd today is /ill arrang$ 9 !     
orig9al ,u-%ape1  b ! mat]ials ( !      
build+s h be5 replac$4 ,! tab]nacle is  
built ( r\gh lumb]1 ) ?ree sides op5 &  
log po/s support+  ! ro(4 ,! floor1     
cov]$ ) p9e /raw1 holds wood5 b5*es :i* 
c seat #cjj p4 ,! cab9s :i* surr\nd !   
tab]nacle are /ill  traditionally kn[n z
 8t5ts40 ,ea* cab9 has two rooms1 "o =  
sleep+1 "o = eat+1 cook+1 or sitt+1 & ! 
floors are  cov]$ ) p9e /raw4 ,a wood5  
b5* adorns ea* front por*4 ,!  olde/ t5t
 on ! campgr\nd is ! ,p>k] t5t built    
ar\nd #ahhj4  ,meet+s h be5 held e ye>  
at ,salem ,campgr\nd s9ce #ahbf except  
= two ye>s dur+ ! ,civil ,w>4           
,*ur*es      ,aft] transportation       
improv$ & z ! c\ntry became m ?ickly    
populat$1 *ur*es 7 built4 ,rural ,p9ey  

,woods *ur*es 7 simple  /ructures4      
,boyk9 ,me?odi/ ,*ur* 7,fig4 #bh7 ne>   
,burns & ,p9ey ,grove  ,*ur* at         
,polkville are typical examples4 ,!     
pione] *ur* build+  0 rectangul>1 made (
 r\gh sawn p9e1 ) p9e %utt]s at !  w9d[s
 & home-made b5*es front+ t[>d !        
home-made pulpit4  ,!re 0 no ceil+1 ) ! 
room ris+ to expos$ h&-hewn raft]s4     
,(t5 !re 7 two front doors1 "o = ! m5 & 
"o = ! wom51  & "o re> door4 ,on !      
gr\nds ( ,p9ey ,grove1 "o c /ill see !  
long /ret* ( tables :i* 7 built =       
8protract$ meet+s0 :i*  took ! place (  
camp meet+s4 ,in/ead ( camp+ out1 ! p   
att5d$ s]vices dur+ ! day & w5t home = !
 night4 ,!re 0  always 8d9n] on ! gr\nd0
 at ! protract$ meet+4    ,*ur*es 9 m   
afflu5t areas g5]ally _h slave gall]ies1
 cab9et  "w on ! pews1 & glass w9d[s4   
,*9a ,grove ,me?odi/ ,*ur* built  9     
#ahed 9 ,wal?all ,c\nty is a good       
example 7,fig4 #bi74                    
,b>ns      ,al?\gh ro( /yles v>y1 ! b>n 
type us$ almo/ exclusively 9 !  ,p9ey   

,woods is ! transv]se-crib b>n4 ,h5ry   
,glassie1 folk hi/orian1  has !oriz$ t !
 transv]se-crib b>n develop$ 9 ! s\!rn  
,t5nessee ,valley4 ,! ,p9ey ,woods      
settl]s came f t area 9 l>ge  numb]s4   
,ro( /yles include ! gambrel & ! pit*$  
ro(1 b !  mo/ preval5t /yle is ! ,a-ro( 
7,figs4 #cj-cb74                        
,gri/ ,mills      ,ea* community usually
 _h "o f>m] :o built a wat] mill =      
gr9d+ corn into meal4 ,lake ,b\nds 9    
,cl>ke ,c\nty has be5 ! site  ( a gri/  
mill s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! #ai? c5tury4 ,!  
pres5t  mill 0 built by ,j4 ,m4 ,m>t9 9 
#aice & is /ill op]at+4                 
,recycl+ ,mat]ials      ,dr4 ,william   
,r4 ,f]ris po9t$ out 9 ,mississippi     
,folk ,ar*itecture1  t 8salvag$0 items  
are common 9 folk /ructures4    ,items  
disc>d$ z 8junk0 9 non-folk culture     
become functional or  decorative 9 folk 
culture4 ,a t\r ?r\gh ! ,p9ey ,woods is 
a /udy 9  ! art ( recycl+4 ,b$-spr+s    
become a g>d5 gate4 ,pr9ce ,alb]t       
tobacco cans decorate a fl[] b$1 rubb]  

tires become plant]s1  /yr(oam egg      
c>tons become tulips4 ,mat]ials are     
imag9atively  trans=m$ into new uses    
7,figs4 #cc-cf74                        
,conclusion      ,folk ar*itecture1     
def9$ z traditional /ructures built by  
craftsm5  ) no =mal tra9+ 9 ar*itecture1
 is disappe>+4 ,x came f  & belong$ to p
 ^: lives 7 closely b\nd to ! soil4     
,today  te*nology is cont9u+ to alt] !  
cultural l&scape & ! mobile  h\se       
trail]1 ! concrete-block /ructure1 !    
prefabricat$ h\se are  ! new folk       
/ructures4        ,illu/ration3         
,mississippi ,/ate ,hi/orical ,museum   
,transcrib]'s ,notes      --,sil5tly    
correct$ a few typos4    --,reta9$      
publication in=mation f ! pr9t$ edition3
 ?is e,book    is public-doma9 9 !      
c\ntry ( publication4    --,9 ! text    
v]sions only1 text 9 italics is delimit$
 by    und]scores4